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An R package "VariABEL" for genome-wide searching of potentially interacting loci by testing genotypic variance heterogeneity
© Struchalin et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2012
Received: 28 June 2011
Accepted: 24 January 2012
Published: 24 January 2012
Hundreds of new loci have been discovered by genome-wide association studies of human traits. These studies mostly focused on associations between single locus and a trait. Interactions between genes and between genes and environmental factors are of interest as they can improve our understanding of the genetic background underlying complex traits. Genome-wide testing of complex genetic models is a computationally demanding task. Moreover, testing of such models leads to multiple comparison problems that reduce the probability of new findings. Assuming that the genetic model underlying a complex trait can include hundreds of genes and environmental factors, testing of these models in genome-wide association studies represent substantial difficulties.
We and Pare with colleagues (2010) developed a method allowing to overcome such difficulties. The method is based on the fact that loci which are involved in interactions can show genotypic variance heterogeneity of a trait. Genome-wide testing of such heterogeneity can be a fast scanning approach which can point to the interacting genetic variants.
In this work we present a new method, SVLM, allowing for variance heterogeneity analysis of imputed genetic variation. Type I error and power of this test are investigated and contracted with these of the Levene's test. We also present an R package, VariABEL, implementing existing and newly developed tests.
Variance heterogeneity analysis is a promising method for detection of potentially interacting loci. New method and software package developed in this work will facilitate such analysis in genome-wide context.
single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) genome-wide association (GWA) gene-environment interactions (GxE) gene-gene interactions (GxG) variance heterogeneity environmental sensitivity VariABEL the GenABEL projectBackground
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have been instrumental in identifying genetic variants involved in complex diseases. In GWAS, the relation between a trait of interest and genetic variation (usually a single nuclear polymorphism -- a SNP) is studied by assessing hundreds of thousands of polymorphisms in thousands of individuals. Several hundreds of loci for dozens of complex human diseases and quantitative traits have been discovered using GWAS [1].
Though GWASs were successful in finding single loci associated with a trait, complex genetic models which include many interacting loci and environmental factors are of interest as they may help finding new loci and improve our understanding of the genetics of complex traits. A search for genetic interactions by direct analysis, in which all possible genetic models are examined, meets substantial computational and methodological difficulties. When millions of SNPs are considered, which nowadays has become routine in GWAS, testing for interaction for all possible pairwise combinations of SNPs becomes cumbersome requiring parallel computations using hundreds or thousands of CPU cores. Also, a large number of models has to be tested, resulting in multiple comparison problem, which weakens the statistical power and the possibility of new findings. For instance, if a simple interaction between two SNPs is considered in analysis of one million SNPs, approximately 5 · 1011 unique SNP pairs are to be tested. This amount of tests is equivalent to running a standard "direct effects only" GWAS 5 · 105 times.
Thus, already the simple case of interactions between only two SNPs poses serious computational challenges. However, there is no reason why biology should not be more complex, involving more than two interacting variants. In general, a trait can be determined by a complex network of multiple interacting genes and other factors, including environmental ones. Statistical modeling of such complex network of interacting factors in genome-wide context would be a big challenge both methodologically and computationally. Prior information on loci, which are likely to be involved in a trait's control (e.g. genes in pathways implicated for specific trait) can help reducing the space of models to be tested but still does not solve the problem. For example, the protein pathway involved in Alzheimer's disease incorporates hundreds of genes. Each of them may include over 25-50 SNPs.
Another approach to dissection of genetic interactions consist of identification of potentially interacting loci, with further search for factors which interact with these loci. For quantitative outcomes interaction of a SNP with an unknown factor can be discovered from the trait's distribution conditional on the genotype: it is expected that trait will have larger variance for an interacting genotype [2, 3]. This assumption can be tested using a variance heterogeneity test. Such testing is easily implemented and can be performed for the whole genome in a reasonable time. It also deals efficiently with the multiple comparisons problem, as the number of models to be tested in such analysis equals to the number of SNPs regardless of the complexity of the interaction model underlying the trait. In that, the variance test is similar to the regular GWAS (where the effect of a SNP on the phenotype mean is being studied). Methodologically, this approach has resemblance to the "environmental sensitivity" analysis [4, 5].
Two groups [2, 3] demonstrated that testing variance heterogeneity in GWAS is a promising approach for finding new genes involved in interactions. However the approaches proposed up until now cannot deal with imputed SNPs. Imputations are crucial for GWAS because they not only increase power in the analysis of an individual study, but also allow subsequent meta-analysis of the obtained results.
In this work we present a method extending variance heterogeneity analysis to imputed genetic data. We also develop VariABEL - an R package implementing variance heterogeneity tests proposed previously and developed in this work.
Here we describe existing variance heterogeneity tests and the newly proposed test, which is suitable for the analysis of imputed genetic data (subsection "Variance heterogeneity tests"). Next, we describe the setup of the simulations, which were used to study statistical properties of the new test (subsection "Simulations") and outline the details of implementation of our software (section "The VariABEL package").
Variance heterogeneity tests
For measuring variance heterogeneity we have implemented two tests: Levene's test [6, 7] and the test where linear regression is performed on squared residual values of a trait (Squared residual Value Linear Modeling, SVLM).
where Z i = |y i - ỹgi| is the deviation of the value of the trait of i-th individual, y i , who has genotype g i from the median value of the trait in individuals having that genotype, ỹ gi ; N is the total sample size, n j is the number of individuals with genotype j, k is the number of possible genotypes, is mean deviation from the median for individuals having genotype j ( is an indicator variable which takes value of one if g i is equal to j and zero otherwise), and is the mean deviation from the median across all individuals.
Under the null hypothesis of variance homogeneity, the value of the test statistic, T2, has an F distribution with df1 = (k - 1) and df2 = (N - k) degrees of freedom. In a case of large N, T2 is approximated well by the distribution. With three possible genotypes, k - 1 = 2.
Genetic imputations routinely used in GWAS nowadays increase the power in the analysis of individual studies and also allow meta-analysis of the studies using different SNP arrays. In case of imputations the posterior probability of a genotype is estimated for each subject for a given SNP. Because standard variance heterogeneity tests assume that an observation should be known to belong to a certain group (i.e. an individual is known to have specific genotype with full confidence), they can not be directly applied to the imputed data.
where Y is a random variable, Var(Y) is the variance of Y, E[Y] and E[Y2] are expected values of the variable Y and Y 2 correspondingly. In our case Y is a trait. The variance of Y conditional on the genotype g is V (Y |g) = E[(Y - E[Y |g])2|g]. This means that for each genotype the variance is equal to the mean of the squared residual of the trait conditional on the genotype.
Technically, the SVLM method consists of two steps. First, a regression analysis is applied where the trait is adjusted for a possible SNP effect and other covariates. Second, a regression analysis is applied to the squared values of residuals obtained from the first stage, using the SNP as the predictor.
where y i is the value of the trait for i th individual, μ is the intercept, β g is the direct effect of the SNP, β F is the direct effect of the interacting factor, β gF is the effect of interaction between the SNP and the factor, g i ~ B(n g ,P B ) is a SNP, which is assumed to be binomially distributed with n g = 2 (number of alleles in the genotype) and P B ∈ [0; 1] (frequency of the interacting B allele). is a factor, which is assumed to be normally distributed with mean μ F and variance . ϵ i is the random error, which follows a normal distribution with a zero mean and a variance of one. We assumed that the distributions of g i , F i , and ϵ i are independent. For our simulations, without loss of generality we can assume that μ = μ F = 0, and .
Without loss of generality for both type I error and power the SNP effect was set to zero β g = 0. We studied four different frequencies of the interacting allele: 5%, 40%, 60% and 95%. Results for 40% are presented in the text below. Results for other frequencies are shown in Additional file 1, Figure S1, Additional file 2, Figure S1 and Additional file 3, Figure S1. From the GWAS it is known that the regression analysis may lead to spurious results when the frequency of the minor allele is very low.
Therefore additionally we have studied type I error of the SVLM test for allele frequencies 0.0005, 0.00075, 0.001, 0.002, 0.003, 0.004 and 0.005. As SVLM requires squaring of the trait's residuals, the presence of extreme values can affect the type I error and power of this test. To check this, we studied three types of distribution of the residual error term ϵ i : one normal distribution and two types of χ 2 distributions with degrees of freedom df = 1 and df = 5 respectively. We simulated data for 10000 individuals.
For studying Type I error effect of the factor and the effect of interaction term were both set to zero (β F = β gF = 0). Twenty thousands simulations were performed.
For studying dependence between power and the interaction effect, 1000 simulations were done under each simulation scenario. As we demonstrated previously [3], the magnitude of the genotypic variance difference and hence the power of the variance heterogeneity test depends not only on the effect of interaction between the genotype and the environmental factor, but also on the magnitude of the main effect of the interacting factor F. This dependence is not monotonic and, given other parameters are fixed, there is a certain optimal main effect of the factor under which the magnitude of variance difference and, therefore, the power to detect interaction is maximal. The value of the optimal effect depends on the interaction effect, variance of the factor and the variance of error term. As in our study variance of the factor and the variance of error term is fixed to one, the optimal effect of the factor depends on the interaction effect only. For simplicity, power was studied using the optimal main effect of the interacting factor. The range of the optimal effects of the factor used in this study can be found in the Additional file 4, Figure S1.
In both type I error and power estimation, the null hypothesis was rejected when threshold p-value ≤ 0.05 was reached.
The VariABEL package
The VariABEL software implementing the SVLM is designed as an R package written in C++ and R languages. For regression analysis used by the SVLM method, the LAPACK functions "dgeqrf" and "ch2inv", which are part of the R distribution, were used. The package was compiled with gcc version 4.1.2 under Linux with version 2.6.18-274.7.1.el5 (Red Hat 4.1.2-51) and tested in R of version 2.13.1. The package is distributed under the GNU GPL license (v. 2.0 or later).
Stable version of the VariABEL package can be downloaded from the Comprehensive R Archive Network, CRAN [8] (http://www.r-project.org/). Installation is possible from R directly by running the command "install.packages("VariABEL")". Documentation is available as a part of the distribution and also on-line at the GenABEL project web-site (http://www.genabel.org). Developmental version of the package is available from the GenABEL project development pages (http://genabel.r-forge.r-project.org) located at R-forge [9].
The first stage of SVLM analysis consists of standard regression analysis which is used to access association between mean values of the trait and SNPs. VariABEL output contains results from both stages of analysis (modeling of means and variances). Thus, the VariABEL can be used for regular GWAS as well.
Results and discussion
Type I error and power
As it was mentioned above, we studied three different distributions of ϵ i . The SVLM test had acceptable type I error for all of them: αnormal = 0.0471 ± 0.0015, , and under fixed threshold p ≤ 0.05. We did not see any significant deviation from nominal type I error rate of 5% for allele frequencies 5%, 40%, 60% and 95%. To understand the minimum sample size in a genotypic group under which the type I error of SVLM test still stays at a nominal level we measured type I error for allele frequencies 0.0005, 0.00075, 0.001, 0.002, 0.003, 0.004 and 0.005. These allele frequencies correspond to number of heterozygotes in a sample 10, 15, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100. For those frequencies the type I errors (with its standard errors) were 0.028 ± 0.001, 0.032 ± 0.001, 0.037 ± 0.001, 0.042 ± 0.001, 0.044 ± 0.001, 0.049 ± 0.002 and 0.045 ± 0.002 correspondingly. This suggests that SVLM test has correct type I error rate when sample size in one of a genotypic group is not less then 80, while for smaller values the SVLM test starts being conservative. Levene's test did not show significant deviation from nominal value of 5% under these extremely low sample sizes.
Additional file 1, Figure S1, Additional file 2, Figure S1 and Additional file 3, Figure S1 show the dependence of the power of the SVLM test and the Levene's test on the effect of interaction for different frequencies of the interacting allele.
As it is expected the power of both tests decreases when allele frequency decreases. The observation that SVLM's test power is affected by skewness more than the power of Levene's test stays true for all studied allele frequencies.
The analysis by the SVLM test of 2543887 SNPs of 2715 subjects takes 46 minutes on one core of a Sun Fire X4540 Server with Quad-Core AMD Opteron Processor 2356.
Genome-wide association analysis is currently a primary tool for identification of loci associated with complex human traits. Testing for association under complex genetic models involving multiple interactions represents methodologically and computationally challenging task.
We and others have developed a method allowing testing of SNPs genome-widely for possible involvement into interaction [2, 3] via testing of the heterogeneity of variance of the trait conditional on the genotype. Here we extend this method to imputed SNPs. The method we suggest, SVLM, is based on linear regression, and therefore results obtained in individual studies can be easily meta-analyzed using conventional methods and software tools.
Analysis of genotypic variances can be of interest to medical research. Assuming that there is a certain genotype associated with high variance of, for instance, blood pressure, the subjects having this genotype can be at risk of having extremely low or extremely high blood pressure.
In developing our method for analysis of variances using imputed data we have utilized the fact that the variance is, by definition, the expectation of squared values of the variable in case of zero mathematical expectation of this variable. This allowed us re-formulate the task of estimation and analysis of variances of the trait as a task of regression analysis of transformed trait. In this setting, methodological and computational tools developed for GWAS are applicable for the variance analysis.
The most important advantage of the proposed method is the possibility to detect SNPs belonging to a complex genetic network with many interacting factors that is impossible to study with standard tools. These SNPs will show variance heterogeneity and using our method these SNPs can be detected without knowing all the factors involved into this network. To find the factors, which interact with the identified SNP, a follow-up analysis can be applied where interaction between the SNPs found in variance analysis and all other measured SNPs or environmental factors are tested. In a case of interaction with an unknown factor, the SNPs showing significant variance differences still can be used to improve the variance explained as shown in the example below.
where are proportions of variances explained by GWAS SNPs in individuals with genotypes AA, AB, and BB, respectively, at the SNP identified by the variance analysis. Taking into account that it follows that the proportions explained variance by the GWAS SNPs is higher in genotypic group AA compared to AB and BB, and higher in genotypic group AB compared to . The value of the proportion of total explained variance is between and and this value depends on interacting allele frequency, effect of interaction, variance and effect of interacting factor. Thus, in such a scenario there is at least one genotypic group (AA) for which SNPs found in GWAS's explain more of the trait's variance compared to the total trait variance . To perform genotypic variance analysis for pedigree-based studies we propose to use GRAMMAR [10] implemented into GenABEL software [11]. In GRAMMAR the mixed model is applied where the trait is adjusted on random additive polygenic effect. Residuals from this model are free from polygenic familiar correlations and can be used for variance analysis.
To increase power of variance analysis by including the data from other studies the same approach as for regular GWAS can be used where the analysis is done for each cohort separately, followed by meta-analysis. The SVLM method can be used for discovering interacting SNPs following any of additive, dominant, recessive, over-dominant (where trait's variance among heterozygotes is increased), or genotypic models. In case of testing the additive variance model only, the SVLM test has maximal power in the case when the SNP follows true additive model and less power in case of dominant, recessive and over-dominant models. It is of interest to note that in case of over dominant model the power to detect interaction by the SVLM test is zero if the minor allele frequency (MAF) is 0.5 and increases with decreasing MAF. In a case when MAF is close to 0.5 Levene's test has higher performance.
In this work we present further development of the method for detection of potentially interacting SNPs, extending it to the case of analysis of imputed SNPs. The method is based on testing of heterogeneity of trait's variance conditional on the genotype of locus being tested. We also present an R package, VariABEL, to facilitate for such analysis in genome-wide context. The package implements already existing variance heterogeneity tests, and the SVLM test developed in this work.
Availability and requirements
Project name: VariABEL package
Project home page: http://www.genabel.org/packages/VariABEL
Operating systems: Linux, Mac OS X, Windows
Programming language: R, C++
Other requirements: R (≥ 2.13.0)
License: GNU GPL (≥ 2)
Any restrictions to use by non-academics: none except these posed by the license
List of abbreviations
Genome-Wide Association Study
Minor Allele Frequency
Single Nuclear Polymorphism, SVLM: Squared residual Value Linear Modeling.
The authors would like to thank Ayse Demirkan, Lennart Karssen, Xia Shen, and Anastasija Zvirbule for their help in conducting this work. The work of YA was supported by grants from RFBR and RFBR-Helmholtz JRG.
Authors' Affiliations
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- Struchalin MV, Dehghan A, van Duijn JCWC, Aulchenko YS: Variance heterogeneity analysis for detection of potentially interactinggenetic loci: method and its limitations. BMC Genet. 2010, 11: 92-PubMed CentralView ArticlePubMedGoogle Scholar
- Falconer D: Selection in different environments: effects on environmental sensitivity (reaction norm) and on mean performance. Genet Res. 1990, 56: 57-70. 10.1017/S0016672300028883.View ArticleGoogle Scholar
- Visscher PM, Posthuma D: Statistical power to detect genetic Loci affecting environmental sensitivity. Behav Genet. 2010, 40 (5): 728-733. 10.1007/s10519-010-9362-0.View ArticlePubMedGoogle Scholar
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- Aulchenko YS, de Koning DJ, Haley C: Genomewide rapid association using mixed model and regression: afast and simple method for genomewide pedigree-based quantitativetrait loci association analysis. Genetics. 2007, 177: 577-585. 10.1534/genetics.107.075614.PubMed CentralView ArticlePubMedGoogle Scholar
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This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.


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In late spring of 2012 the United States Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) issued enforcement guidance regarding employers' use of criminal background information in making employment-related decisions. While the EEOC Guidance does not significantly alter the framework and legal standards under which the courts determine whether an employer's use of criminal background information violates Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (Title VII), the guidelines do elaborate and update previous EEOC comments on this issue.
Statistics show that as many as 92% of employers utilize some form of criminal background check to determine suitability for employment. Statistically, because African Americans and Hispanics are arrested and incarcerated at much greater rates than non-minorities, the EEOC has long taken the position that an employer's use of the criminal background history in making employment decisions may constitute discrimination on the basis of race or national origin in violation of Title VII unless certain standards are followed. Discrimination claims follow one or two theories: disparate treatment or disparate impact. Under a disparate treatment claim, an employer violates Title VII by treating the person's criminal history differently in light of his or her race or national origin. For example, allowing a Caucasian candidate to explain his criminal violation while denying that same opportunity to a minority. Under the disparate impact theory, the employer's blanket application of a facially neutral policy or practice by disqualifying anyone with a criminal history has a disparate impact by screening out protected group applicants unless the employer is to demonstrate that the policy or practice is job related or the employer can show that regional data or its own applicant data rebuts the statistical impact cited nationally.
The EEOC has always drawn a sharp distinction between arrests and convictions as a conviction is conclusive evidence of criminal conduct while an arrest does not establish that criminal behavior actually exists. The EEOC is also concerned that certain databases maintained by state and federal investigative agencies may contain inaccurate information, such as failure to report the ultimate outcome of a charge or whether the record has been expunged.
In order for an employer to satisfy the job-related business necessity burden, it must show that any criminal conduct exclusion "operates to effectively link specific criminal conduct, and its dangers, with the risks inherent in the duties of a particular position." The EEOC Uniform Guidelines on employee selection establish two ways an employer can satisfy the test. First, by validating its criminal conduct screen per the Uniform Guidelines which sets forth standards for considering empirical data regarding links between particular criminal conduct and subsequent work performance. Second, by developing a targeted screen based on three factors set forth in the Eighth Circuit Court of Appeals decision in Green v. Missouri Specific Railroad, (523 F.2d 1290, 8th Cir. 1975). In Green, the court followed an individualized assessment for persons excluded by the screen, establishing the so-called Green factors: (a) the nature of the crime, (b) the time elapsed since the crime, and (c) the nature of the job in question. In the subsequent individualized assessment, the employer must (i) give notice to the excluded person that he or she was excluded because of their criminal conviction, (ii) provide an opportunity for that person to show the exclusion should not be applied in his or her situation, and (iii) consider whether the information supplied by the excluded person warrants an exception to the policy.
The EEOC acknowledges that validation under its Uniform Guidelines is unlikely because the social science studies linking convictions with future workplace conduct are rare. Instead, it advises employers to use the best practices following the Green factors. Finally, the Guidance addresses the extent to which federal, state, or local restrictions on hiring persons with criminal backgrounds can be reconciled with the Title VII requirements. The EEOC's position is that Title VII does not preempt federally imposed hiring restrictions, but that Title VII must be considered if the employer imposes a criminal conduct exclusion that goes beyond the federal restrictions. To the contrary, state and local restrictions are preempted by Title VII and thus, an employer who relies upon exclusion under state or local law that is deemed to be a violation of Title VII cannot avoid liability.
Ultimately, the guidance does not prohibit the use of criminal records in hiring or making employment decisions. Rather, it establishes a set of guidelines that it recommends employers abide by in order to establish that the use of criminal records in making employment decisions is job related and consistent with business necessity. The recommendations include: making sure that employers review criminal background check processes with a focus on evaluating whether those checks are consistent with the guidance; developing a written hiring policy and screening process that includes job-related factors; taking an individualized assessment approach when dealing with criminal convictions uncovered during the screening process; ensuring that the action taken is consistent with the business necessity for each individual job; and training its managers, recruiters, and others involved in the process on the requirements under Title VII and the EEOC Guidance. Employers balancing the requirements of Title VII and the EEOC Guidance, which is not binding law, can struggle with the fact that EEOC guidelines often are more expansive than what is required under the current anti-discrimination court decisions. However, since EEOC claims start at the agency level before proceeding in the court, employers are advised to give the guidance thorough consideration before making any employment decisions based upon the use of criminal history information.
As a practical matter, questions employers should ask to ensure that their screening process and the use of the criminal background information are consistent with the guidance include the following:
It is apparent that a degree of subjectivity can enter into the process and employers must be careful to ensure that proper steps are taken to ensure the non-discriminatory application of the process and the decisions made. Any time subjectivity enters the process, the potential for "different treatment" arises and thus, the potential for disparate treatment claims.
DISCLAIMER: Because of the generality of this update, the information provided herein may not be applicable in all situations and should not be acted upon without specific legal advice based on particular situations.
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Dictionaryto•gaPronunciation: (tō'gu), [key] —n., —pl. -gas, -gaePronunciation: (-jē, -gē). [key] 1. (in ancient Rome) the loose outer garment worn by citizens in public. 2. a robe of office, a professorial gown, or some other distinctive garment. Random House Unabridged Dictionary, Copyright © 1997, by Random House, Inc., on Infoplease.
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Comics is a comic book and graphic novel publisher founded in 1992 by a
collective of best-selling artists. Image has since gone on to become
one of the largest comics publishers in the United States. Image
currently has five partners: Robert Kirkman, Erik Larsen, Todd
McFarlane, Marc Silvestri and Jim Valentino. It consists of five major
houses: Todd McFarlane Productions, Top Cow Productions, Shadowline,
Skybound and Image Central. Image publishes comics and graphic novels in
nearly every genre, sub-genre, and style imaginable. It offers science
fiction, romance, horror, crime fiction, historical fiction, humor and
more by the finest artists and writers working in the medium today. For
more information, visit www.imagecomics.com.


text:
I need help! mistakenly formatted the recovery system and now I try to start the mobile and the rsd, but when you flash the device settings are all blank me! (N / A) and not to flash! please help ... : (
Unfortunately, I'm not quite sure what to do here. Hopefully someone can help you, but in the meantime I'll do some research on the Razr. Hopefully I'll be of some help! Sent from my Cellular telecommunications device, manufactured by Motorola.


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Overall ranking: 49th out of 126 in the Complete University Guide for 2016.
History: Its origins date from the last century as Acton and Shoreditch technical colleges. In 1995 it ate up the West London Institute of Higher Education.
Address: The university is now located on one Uxbridge campus in west London, which has been redeveloped to accommodate academic departments previously based at four other sites.
Ambience: The Uxbridge Campus has mellowed since Stanley Kubrick's A Clockwork Orange was filmed there. 60s brutalist architecture has been softened by inspired landscaping, acres of flowers and mature trees.
Who's the boss? Professor Julia Buckingham, former pro-rector for education and academic affairs at Imperial College London, took the helm from professor Chris Jenks in October 2012.
Prospectus: 01895 265 599 or order, download and view it online here.
UCAS code: B84
What you need to know
Easy to get into? Most courses ask for between 300 and 340 UCAS entry points which normally come from at least three A-level passes. Students also generally need a minimum of five GCSE at C or above, including in English and maths.
Vital statistics: Over 9,500 full-time home and EU undergrads plus nearly 3,000 overseas students. Originally specialised in science and technology, but now offers courses across the board. Three colleges, consisting of business, arts and social sciences; engineering, design and physical sciences; and health and life sciences.
Added value: Investment in building over the past decade is now over £400m. Sports facilities include a new £6.5m outdoor sports complex and a £7m indoor athletics and netball centre, a multi-purpose sports hall, national-size basketball court, two rugby pitches, two football pitches, plus floodlit cricket pitch and tennis courts. The university library has recently been doubled in size. Has the country's first university-based research centre in the education of able children. Home of the thick sandwich course: four years, including a period of work experience, though three-year full-time is now available in all subjects.
Teaching: 20th out of 126 for student satisfaction with teaching quality in the Complete University Guide.
Graduate prospects: 87th out of 126 with 59.5 per cent finding graduate level employment.
Any accommodation? Rent rates for 2015 start at £102 for a standard room and range to £219.94 for a studio flat. En-suites cost £130 and all prices are per week.
Cheap to live there? Better than you might expect for London at between £85 and £90 per week for a privately-rented room.
Transport links: Uxbridge is at the end of the metropolitan line, within striking distance of the capital, Heathrow and the national motorway system.
Fees: £9,000 per year for most of its full-time home and EU undergrad degree programmes.
Bursaries: Brunel boasts several scholarships and bursaries. Click here for more information.
The fun stuff
Nightlife: Several student union bars. Clubbing most nights at The Academy (600 capacity) plus comedy and theatre.
Price of a pint: We're still in London so it's not going to be cheap, but you should find a pint for around £3.20 in Uxbridge.
Sporting reputation: Fairly sporty- ranked 39th in the BUCS league for 2014/15.
Notable societies: Circus, fashion, live music and poker offer just a taste of the wide range of options. Plenty of sports clubs too of course.
Glittering alumni: Jo Brand, comedienne; Lee Mack, comedian; Patricia Hodge, actress; sports stars include Heather Fell, Montell Douglas, Audley Harrison, James Cracknell and Kelly Sotherton.
Alternative prospectus: Check into The Student Room to chat with former, current and prospective students about what life at Brunel University is all about.


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Individuals who work in Criminal Justice have a strong interest in security, ethics and have the desire to serve their community in a beneficial way. They also are interested in human behavior, psychology and helping others improve their lives.
This program provides the academic preparation to pursue a broad spectrum of criminal justice careers including law enforcement at the local, county, state and federal level; courts, corrections, parole and probation, immigration and naturalization, customs, workplace security, and private investigators.
Students should be aware that some employers may require criminal background checks, psychological evaluations, physical examinations and drug screens.
"The personal aspect is so important to me. It's nice to know they are showing me what I need to learn in the best way possible. I want to create an amazing life for my children."Sarah Madrid, Criminal Justice Student
The program is designed to take 60 academic weeks to complete. 81% of graduates from this program finished in this time.
The job placement rate for students who completed this program in 2014-2015 is 50%.
Cost, Financing and Success for Criminal Justice – Associate of Applied Science Degree
Security Officer
Administrative Assistant
Local and State Enforcement
Loss Prevention Officer
Transportation Security Officer
Pioneer Pacific College offers practical training and experience allowing for a smooth transition into the workplace. As a Criminal Justice student, you will learn about the following:
The cost of certain required books, tools and supplies is included in the lab fee. Once issued, these items become the property of the student and the lab fee cannot be refunded. Other fees may apply. Some books become the property of the student and others are loaned for the term(s) for which they are needed. All loaned books must be returned in good condition at the end of each term. Students who graduate or withdraw must within one week return all books or the appropriate replacement charge will be made against the student's account.
In addition to any grant and scholarship aid for which they are eligible, 93.06% of graduates used loans to finance their education.
% (not available) of students in this institution who took out federal student loans are successfully repaying them.
Discover if Criminal Justice is the right career for you by calling one of our helpful Admissions Officers at 1-866-772-4636 or contact us online and we'll get in touch to further discuss your interests in a criminal justice career.


text:
Saxophonist and composer Donny McCaslin's profile has been rising in the jazz world with a Grammy nomination, prominent sideman appearances, and two new albums as a leader in 2006. This one is a modern-day blowing session, where McCaslin hooks up with John Swana on trumpet; Steve Cardenas on guitar; Scott Colley on bass and Gene Jackson on drums. They take original compositions and a few covers and strip them down for some fascinating improvisational flights. McCaslin and Swana make for a very efficient front line soloing with forethought and spontaneity.
6 hours ago


text:
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Friday, 26 December 2008
I haven't updated this for ages, I'm such a failure. Go check out this though in the meantime:
I'll update soon. Sorry kids.
Friday, 17 October 2008
Do you want to go to the seaside/I'm not trying to say that everybody wants to goto
Thursday, 2 October 2008
So sow it up kid have some clout/ We'll drink some wine and fall about
So, Dirty Pretty Things have split up.
I'm quite sad about it actually.
I'm gonna miss them :(
Friday, 19 September 2008
Fred Perry
I have this odd obbsession with Fred Perry.
I bought this bag today. It was pretty expensive and now I'm broke but it was
worth it.
And the zips are little metal Fred Perry laurels. They are so so so cute.
I'm hitting the Fred Perry in Covent Garden when I'm back in England in December. The one here in Dubai is super small.
Monday, 15 September 2008
I don't see what anyone can see, in anyone else but you
I watched Juno the other day, 3rd time or something.
Such a good film :)
And amazing soundtrack. I love the Moldy Peaches tons + Kimya Dawson.
I took the Polaroid down in my room
I'm pretty sure you have a new girlfriend
It's not as if I don't like you
It just makes me sad whenever I see it
Cuz I like to be gone most of the time
And you like to be home most of the time
If I stay in one place I lose my mind
I'm a pretty impossible lady to be with
Joey never met a bike that he didn't wanna ride
and I never met a Toby that I didn't like
Scotty liked all of the books that I recommended
Even if he didn't I wouldn't be offended
I had a dream that I had to drive to Madison
to deliver a painting for some silly reason
I took a wrong turn and ended up in Michigan
Paul Baribeau took me to the giant tire swing
gave me a push and he started singing
I sang along while I was swinging
the sound of our voices made us forget everything
that had ever hurt our feelings
Joey never met a bike that he didn't wanna ride
and I never met a Toby that I didn't like
Scotty liked all of the books that I recommended
even if he didn't I wouldn't be offended
wouldn't be offended
Now I'm home for less than twenty-four hours
That's hardly time to take a shower
Hug my family and take your picture off the wall
Check my email write a song and make a few phone calls
before it's time to leave again
I've got one hand on the steering wheel
one waving out the window
If I'm a spinster for the rest of my life
my yarns will keep me warm on cold and lonely nights
Joey never met a bike that he didn't wanna ride
and I never met a Tobey that I didn't like
Scotty liked all of the books that I recommended
even if he didn't I wouldn't be offended
Thursday, 11 September 2008
And as it stings and beautiful collide/ We watch each others worlds ride under the tide
Well here's some stuff that I've stumbled across recently that I like and stuff
[Steph Carter from Gallows. Sat next to him on the train to Watford a few months ago. He was hot.]
I've listened to this song on repeat for a bit now.
It's nice
Friday, 5 September 2008
Songs Of The Summer - 2008
So I start school on Sunday which sort of signifies the end of summer for me. [Although, obviously in Dubai, summer's pretty much all year round.]
These songs have pretty much been the soundtrack of my summer and bring back some nice memories. :)
Dirty Pretty Things - Truth Begins
Dirty Pretty Things - Plastic Hearts
Roses Kings Castles - Entroubled
MGMT - Electric Feel
Cajun Dance Party - The Race
Lightspeed Champion - Tell Me What It's Worth
Lightspeed Champion - Stay the Fuck Away From Me
The Kills - Last Day of Magic
Babyshambles - I Wish
Death Cab For Cutie - I Will Follow You Into The Dark
Coco Sumner - Boheimian Love
Bombay Bicycle Club - The Hill
Helsinki - Ampersand
The Libertines - What Katie Did
Adam Green - Dance With Me
Tuesday, 2 September 2008
The Libertines
I think pretty much everyone who knows me, knows that I do love The Libertines.
Not only do I adore The Libertines, I'm also a huge fan Babyshambles and Dirty Pretty things.
I've seen both bands live and went to Peter's solo gig at the Royal Albert Hall which was phenomenal and blew me away. Sadly, I never got to see The Libertines perform. :(
Anyway, back to the reason I decided to do this post, my friend sent me a little part of a review about The Libertines' second album, titled [imaginatively] 'The Libertines'. The particular part is describing the front cover of the album which I've forward-thinkingly put at the end of this post.
'Carl looks out with defiant and defeated eyes. It looks like he wants to protect Pete from outsiders, but mostly so that he can punch him in the face himself.'
I think the reason that that particular few sentences stood out, and created such an impact was because it - in a way - sums up The Libertines as a band. The love/hate relationship that Pete and Carl had, how The Libertines were about more than just the music, they were/are also about the concept of being a libertine and how, in the end, the band eventually split up.
(full review http://www.fazed.com/music/the_libertines.html )
There's only so much you can miss, before we both collide
I've pretty much reached the conclusion that Alison Mosshart is infact the coolest person in the world.
She's in a band called The Kills along with Jamie Hince. They're insanely good and they both wear the best clothes ever.
So cool. So very, very cool.
Go listen to Last Day of Magic.
Monday, 1 September 2008
Roses Kings Castles
Lovely, lovely music from Adam Ficek [outta Babyshambles]. You should all [virtually] run on over to http://www.roseskingscastles.com and http://www.myspace.com/roseskingscastles and go listen to it until your ears get a bit fuzzy.
You can get free CD's if you send a Stamped Addressed Envelope over.
Go look on the sites for details.
Honestly, what could be better than free cd's? Nothing. Thats what.
The single, 'Entroubled' comes out on September the 8th and the Album, 'Roses Kings Castles' comes out on the 22nd of September [4 days before my birthday kids.]
Go check it out!
blog's been set up.
s'taken long enough for me to get round to it.
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Sliding Knots And More! |
Take your length of leather or cord and tie a simple overhand knot around one side (B) of the cord with the other side (A). |
Now take B and tie it in the same way around A. |
Tighten both knots, and clip off excess. That's all there is to it! Now you can slide the knots together for a longer necklace, or pull them further apart for a shorter one. |
Here's a couple of links to more pages on different types of knots. Troop 7 Knots Ropers Knot Page and some Macrame Knots if you're interested. |


text:
Draw a line across the figure so that the total area of the circles is divided exactly in half.
need your guide .
thanks guys
Clearly, each region is going to have an area of 2 1/2 circles. You could simply draw a vertical line through the middle two circles such that the area is bisected...then you could compute the perpendicular distance between the line and the centers of the middle two circles.
This is not accurate. At an offset of 0.4 the approximate area of the segment is pi x 0.252316. It's certainly possible to calculate the correct position of the vertical line to greater accuracy, but you'd be hard pressed to actually draw the correct position of the vertical line to exactly cut the area in half.


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Even as it is expected to post a net loss, the Delhi-based no-frills airline SpiceJet is reducing its financial year to ten months ending March 31, 2007, for operational reasons.
SpiceJet has followed financial year starting June. "For operational reasons and reporting convenience, we are reducing this financial year to 10 months ending March 31.
The next financial year will ideally start from April," SpiceJet Chief Executive Officer Siddhanta Sharma said. He said the airline might post a small operating profit during the ten-month period.
SpiceJet scrip rose 2.21 per cent on the Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) today following rumours that the Tata group, which currently holds 7 per cent, may hike its stake to 11 per cent in the company.
The stock closed at Rs 60 today as against yesterday's Rs 58.70 on the BSE.
SpiceJet has got investment proposals worth $180 million from various quarters, including the Tata group and Goldman Sachs.
18/01/07 Business Standard
Thursday, January 18, 2007
SpiceJet cuts financial year to 10 months
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On April 17, 2013, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Office of Inspector General (OIG) published a revised Provider Self-Disclosure Protocol (SDP) that clarifies the process for healthcare providers, suppliers or other individuals or entities subject to the OIG's civil monetary penalty authority to voluntarily identify, disclose and resolve instances of potential fraud involving federal healthcare programs. The SDP provides additional transparency with regard to calculating penalty multipliers, reporting conduct involving excluded individuals and disclosing potential violations of the anti-kickback statute. The SDP supersedes and replaces prior guidance, including the original 1998 issuance and the three subsequent Open Letters to Health Care Providers. The OIG has resolved more than 800 disclosures since 1998, resulting in recoveries exceeding $280 million, according to the SDP.
The OIG encourages providers to utilize the SDP process, pointing to the following benefits of disclosure:
The revised SDP provides additional guidance on how to report conduct involving individuals excluded from federal healthcare programs. Specifically, providers must disclose the following:
Similarly, the OIG advises that disclosure of potential violations to the anti-kickback statute and, if applicable, Stark Law should include specific information. As a threshold issue, the disclosing party must acknowledge that the conduct is a potential violation and explicitly identify the laws that were potentially violated. The SDP includes examples of the type of information that the OIG deems helpful in assessing and resolving the disclosed conduct, including:
To encourage disclosure of potential violations to the anti-kickback statute, the OIG advises that it may use its discretion to assess penalties based on a multiplier of the remuneration conferred by the referral recipient to the individual or entity making the referral. In evaluating a decision to disclose, providers should be aware that any cases in which the U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ) participates, including False Claims Act cases, the matter will be resolved as the DOJ determines appropriate and not necessarily within the confines of the SDP. Therefore, when considering whether to utilize the SDP process, it is important to first ensure a full understanding of the potential ramifications.
See more »
DISCLAIMER: Because of the generality of this update, the information provided herein may not be applicable in all situations and should not be acted upon without specific legal advice based on particular situations.
© BakerHostetler | Attorney Advertising
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Monday, 3 June 2013 - Monthly Climate Summary for Canberra - Product code IDCKGC25R0
Canberra in May 2013: Dry May brings warm days and cold nights
- Fifth-warmest May on record for maximum temperatures.
- Driest May since 2009
- Cold nights, but warmer than recent years.
Extremes Records Summaries Important notes the top
Canberra Airport recorded 7.2 mm of rain during May, well below the historical average of 44.4 mm. This is the driest May since just 2.4 mm was recorded in 2009, and the equal-tenth-driest May on record. The rain fell over 10 days, normal for May, but only two recorded more than 1 mm of rain (average 5 days) and none reached 5 mm. Falls were slightly higher elsewhere in the city, with a monthly total of 17.4 mm at Tharwa and 52.6 mm at Mount Ginini, where falls were heavier on the 14th.
Canberra recorded an average maximum temperature of 17.4 °C during May, 1.8 °C above the historical average. This was the warmest May since 2007, and the fifth-warmest on record. The warm May days were associated with the generally clear, dry conditions and several warm days during the first half of the month.
Eight days reached at least 20 °C during May, well above the average of 2-3 days, including five consecutive warm days between the 8th and 13th during a period of northerly winds. This is the thirteenth such spell on record for May, and only the fifth for this late in the month. There were also relatively few cool days during the month, with only eight days dropping below 15 °C (average 13 days) and no days below 10 °C.
The average minimum temperature at Canberra Airport was 1.3 °C, 1.9 °C below the historical average but warmer than May 2012 (-0.2 °C) and 2011 (0 °C). The cold nights were also associated with the clear conditions during the month, with ten nights dropping to 0 °C or lower (average 8 nights), and only seven nights staying above 5 °C (average 10 nights). Seven nights were below -3 °C (average 2 nights), including two cold spells on the 18th-20th and 25th-27th.
The mean temperature at Canberra Airport was consequently 9.3 °C, 0.3 °C below the historical average.
Further information
- Media
- firstname.lastname@example.com (03) 9669 4057
- Enquiries
- firstname.lastname@example.com
Extremes in May 2013 | |
Hottest day |
24.1 °C at Canberra Airport on the 10th |
Warmest days on average |
17.4 °C at Canberra Airport |
Coolest days on average |
7.4 °C at Mount Ginini AWS |
Coldest day |
1.4 °C at Mount Ginini AWS on the 15th |
Coldest night |
-4.6 °C at Canberra Airport on the 19th |
Coolest nights on average |
1.1 °C at Mount Ginini AWS |
Warmest nights on average |
2.1 °C at Tuggeranong (Isabella Plains) AWS |
Warmest night |
7.8 °C at Canberra Airport on the 16th |
Warmest on average overall |
9.4 °C at Canberra Airport 9.4 °C at Tuggeranong (Isabella Plains) AWS |
Coolest on average overall |
4.4 °C at Mount Ginini AWS |
Wettest overall |
52.6 mm at Mount Ginini AWS |
Wettest day |
20.6 mm at Mount Ginini AWS on the 14th |
Highest wind gust |
76 km/h at Mount Ginini AWS on the 4th 76 km/h at Mount Ginini AWS on the 21st |
Extremes Records Summaries Important notes the top
Summary statistics for May 2013 | ||||||||||||
Maximum temperatures for May (°C) |
Minimum temperatures for May (°C) |
Rainfall for May (millimetres) |
Mean for May 2013 |
Diff from average |
Highest for May 2013 |
Mean for May 2013 |
Diff from average |
Lowest for May 2013 |
Total for May 2013 |
Average for May |
Rank of May 2013 |
Fraction of May average |
Canberra Airport | 17.4 | +1.8 | 24.1 | 10th | 1.3 | -1.9 | -4.6 | 19th | 7.2 | 44.4 | v low | 16% |
Mount Ginini AWS | 7.4 | 14.2 | 10th | 1.1 | -3.5 | 2nd | 52.6 | |||||
Tuggeranong (Isabella Plains) AWS | 16.8 | 23.3 | 10th | 2.1 | -4.0 | 19th | 12.6 |
Extremes Records Summaries Important notes the top
As of March 2010, the official station for Canberra is 70351 'Canberra Airport'. Averages from the previous site, 70014 Canberra Airport Comparison, are used for comparisons (all years of record).
A Monthly Climate Summary is prepared to list the main features of the weather in Canberra using the most timely and accurate information available on the date of publication; it will generally not be updated. Later information, including data that has had greater opportunity for quality control, will be presented in the Monthly Weather Review, usually published in the fourth week of the month.
This statement has been prepared based on information available at 10 am on Monday 3 June 2013. Some checks have been made on the data, but it is possible that results will change as new information becomes available.
Averages are long-term means based on observations from
all available years of record, which vary widely from site to site.
They are not shown for sites with less than 20 years of record, as they cannot then be calculated reliably.
The median
is sometimes more representative than the
of long-term average rain.
The Rank indicates how rainfall this time compares with the climate record for the site,
based on the
decile ranking
(very low rainfall is in decile 1, low in decile 2 or 3,
average in decile 4 to 7, high in decile 8 or 9
and very high is in decile 10).
The Fraction of average shows how much rain has fallen this time as a
percentage of the long-term mean.
Further information
- Media
- email@example.com (03) 9669 4057
- Enquiries
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text:
Green Halo
Shop 11, Cubao Expo Commercial Center, Romulo Street, Araneta Center, Cubao, Quezon City, Metro Manila, Philippines,
Serves meat, vegan options available. A small cafe run by activists who are committed to serving organic, vegan-friendly fare. Also serves fish and chicken. Vegetarian versions of standard Filipino dishes are offered, as well as pasta and veggie burgers. Wait times are long.
Category: Vegan-friendly, Lacto, Ovo, Organic, Western, Filipino, Non-veg
Reviews (2)
First Review by flowerpopgurl
vegetarian friendly resto
Located in an artist haven called Cubao X.
Resto has nice vibe but they serve meat. Just told them you are vegetarian or vegan.Cook can manage.
Pros: good food, nice vibe
Cons: they cook meat
Nice mood
I like eating here if I had the chance coming from my office. It's vegetarian friendly as they serve meat as well. You also must have a lot of patience as the store only has 2 or 3 employees who will prepare your food.
Pros: friendly staff, good value
Cons: ventilation, a bit small
Link to this page from your site.
Entry info
Return to
Metro Manila Vegetarian Restaurants & Health Food Store Listings
Business Owners, if you see an unfair review, read this.
Why was my review removed? - details
Reviews are not endorsed by HappyCow - review terms
Has Green Halo closed, shut down, moved, or changed? Please use the Update Form.
This page has been viewed 1659 times.


text:
aeroelasticities is a valid word in this word list. For a definition, see the external dictionary links below.
The word "aeroelasticities" uses 16 letters: A A C E E E I I I L O R S S T T.
No direct anagrams for aeroelasticities found in this word list.
Adding one letter to aeroelasticities does not form any other word in this word list.
Words within aeroelasticities not shown as it has more than seven letters.Try a search for aeroelasticities in these online resources (some words may not be found):
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Each search will normally open in a new window.
List all words starting with aeroelasticities, words containing aeroelasticities or words ending with aeroelasticities
All words formed from aeroelasticities by changing one letter
Other words with the same letter pairs: ae er ro oe el la as st ti ic ci it ti ie es
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Green Olive Pasta
Incredibly simple to make and simply incredible to eat! You can experiment freely, or add any kind of fish / leftover poultry - this version is vegetarian....
mushroom, dill weed, linguine, garlic, olive oil, green pepper, corn, +salt, +stuffed green olive
www.recipezaar.com - Similiar recipes
Hearty Chicken Cacciatore
olive oil, garlic, chicken broth, green pepper, mushroom, linguine, +chicken, +salt, +black pepper, +onions, +tomato, +tomato paste, +oregano, +basil, +red wine
find.myrecipes.com - Similiar recipes
mushroom, corn, green pepper, garlic, olive oil, dill weed, +eggplant, +zucchini, +red pepper, +red onions, +peas, +tomato, +pear, +salt, +black pepper, +cinnamon, +basil
vegweb.com - Similiar recipes
Disney Mom's Chili Recipe
chicken broth, corn, garlic, green pepper, mushroom, olive oil, +pasta, +olives, +kidney bean, +black beans, +great northern beans, +pinto beans, +tomato, +carrot, +cayenne, +celery, +chili powder, +cornstarch, +cumin, +jalapeno, +onions, +oregano, +black pepper, +red pepper, +thyme, +tomato paste
www.cdkitchen.com - Similiar recipes
Great Northwest Smoked Salmon Pasta
A re-creation of a wonderful pasta dish I ate on Whidbey Island in Wash. State, this is fresh with tomatoes, mushrooms, and spinach.
chicken broth, garlic, linguine, mushroom, olive oil, +spinach, +black pepper, +roma tomato, +shallot, +salmon
www.recipezaar.com - Similiar recipes
Chicken With Chipotle-Tomato Sauce and Ziti
The chipotle in adobo gives this dish a hot, smoky flavor.Recipe is adapted from Cooking Light.
chicken broth, garlic, green pepper, mushroom, olive oil, +chicken, +chipotle peppers, +tomato, +onions, +salt, +ziti pasta
www.recipezaar.com - Similiar recipes
Hamburger Stroganoff
Fits just about any diet except vegetarian!
dill weed, garlic, chicken broth, mushroom, olive oil, +ground beef, +sour cream, +paprika, +yogurt, +egg noodles, +yellow onions
www.recipezaar.com - Similiar recipes
Sabrina's Garden Bolognese
olive oil, mushroom, green pepper, garlic, linguine, +sun dried tomato, +onions, +zucchini, +red pepper, +pasta sauce, +basil
find.myrecipes.com - Similiar recipes
Linguine with Basil-Pea Cream
chicken broth, olive oil, mushroom, garlic, linguine, +butter, +leek, +peas, +basil, +salt, +black pepper
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Recently, I just self-released my first music album, which I am very proud of. It is called Here We Go... and is available on CDbaby, Itunes, and Amazon. It is in the genre of Electronic Dance Music and covers a wide variety of styles within that genre. I grew up loving the ideas and sounds I heard in contemporary electronic dance music. Music is, after all is said and done, the art of sounds and that is what electronic music realizes and celebrates. Electronic Music is also relatively free of the sometimes cumbersome structures imposed on more conventional types of music, which makes it all the more exiting. My album, though, is very accessible and extremely dance oriented. It is perfect for parties, clubs, and home listening. The following are the songs on it and my short descriptions of them. You can buy the individual songs or the whole album by clicking on the links to them on the blog sidebar or scrolling down all the way to the bottom of the blog to my music store. Thanks. :)
1. Acid Trax - I wanted to make the leadoff track very compelling and think I succeeded. Featuring a classic acid house bass line, if this song doesn't get you dancing or your head bobbing, nothing will.
2. Here We Go - Mixing classic rock style piano and an electronic beat and percussion(with some judiciously placed oscillations)shouldn't necessarily work, but absolutely does and is the most popular track that I feature on Youtube. Easily as danceable and even more emotional than Acid Trax.
3. Predestination - This is a stately, ominous ambient track with a burbling bassline and some old fashioned record hiss at the end for added effect. If you like film noir or trip-hop or relaxed and sophisticated, this should do the trick.
4. Get Freaky - Fun would be the best way to describe this track. Full of 80's and 90's style hip-hop record scratches and turntablism, this track works simultaneously as a cut-up pastiche, experimental instrumental hip hop and one of the most intensely danceable tracks on the album.
5. Walk the Dinosaur - Based around a fuzzy bass line and insistent strings and cinematic in scope, this should appeal to people who love film soundtrack music and trancy sounds.
6. Evilsmell - Humorous and experimental, but grounded in pure groove, this track should appeal to people who like Frank Zappa and/or Parliament/Funkadelic.
7. Everybody... - Eminently danceable, this is kind of a collision of disco and IDM(intelligent dance music). With bits of my eccentric humor and variety thrown it for good measure, this should get you moving.
8. Remembrance of Things Past - Emotional and very danceable, this one will make you both nostalgic and tapping your feet.
9. Etherea - Different from any of the other tracks, this one is a mix of women's choir like voices. No beats or even instrumental or electronic sounds to be found here. This should appeal to both fans of relaxing ambient and classical music.
10. Melancholy Bliss - A bittersweet piano driven dirge with electronic flourishes, this song will appeal to those in the mood for reflection and contemplation.
11. C'mon Ladies - The most purely experimental piece on the album, this track features nothing like dance music and is based on found sound (musique concrete) and artificially produced sound (electronic/computer music) mixed together for maximum interest and impact. If you love experimental music, you will love this track.
12. Jaunty Palms - Jazzy keyboard and exciting rhythms make this one immediately accessible and fun. Bouncy and irresistible, with some nice surprises thrown in for good measure.
13. Surfing on Wav(e)s - This is a pure trance track full of burbling synths and a compelling forward momentum. Accordingly, its perfect for the dance floor or your headphones.
14. Nightcity - Also quite different than the rest of the album, this one might be called downtown ambient. Like taking a relaxing walk or drive through the hot city at night, you can almost feel the sweat dripping off your body with this one.
15. Dub Africa - Combining African rhythms with a dub aesthetic, this track is also very original in terms of the album. Danceable and involving, especially for fans of African and Dub music.
16. Dance Macabre - Another album anomaly, this track is a cinematic horror genre pastiche of sounds, complete with wind and low droning electronic sounds in the background. Perfect for Halloween or a Horror genre buff.
17. Marnobina - Synthpop heaven. Full of synths flowing back and forth and in and out of each other, with dance rhythms to back it all up. If good vibes and/or nouveau disco is your thing, you'll love this.
18. Evocation - Subtly creepy, with a hint of sinister, this ominous soundscape is pretty danceable too, but just as at home on your headphones.
19. Undul - Experimental and groovy. Based around static and other similar electronic sounds, it nevertheless is one of the most rhythmically compelling tracks on the album. If you like your grooves original sounding, step no further.
20. Swell - Explicitly synth oriented ambient that eventually morphs into something very different while retaining the original flow, this track ends the album on an epic, appropriate note.


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This item from Black Widow Vintiques is now in the Shop Backroom.
More from Black Widow Vintiques
1960/70s Vireo ~ Scary Bird Milk Glass Pedestal Mug
A delightful mug for your witch's brew.
Made of heavy, white glass, this vintage mug stands 5.5" tall and 3" in diameter across the rim (excluding handle).
The paint is vivid and bright, featuring a scary, black and yellow bird perched on a picket fence.
It was made by Vireo and is most likely from the 1960/70s.
This mug is in excellent condition, without chips, cracks or other damage.
Just great vintage...from the daunting Black Widow.
If you were the pending buyer of this item, go to My Account to view, track and check payment for this item.
Black Widow Vintiques
Black Widow Vintiques, Charlotte, NC
Without the dark, we would never see the stars.
Stop & smell the roses at Kitsch & Couture, our other RL shop. Layaway & Combined Shipping Available.
Gold Rating
Exclusive Ruby Lane Member since 2011


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Learners will play a card game to design a mission to Mars. This game will allow them to experience the fundamentals of the engineering design process as they use collaboration and problem-solving skills to develop a mission that meets constraints... (View More) (budget, mass, power) and criteria (significant science return). This activity can introduce many activities in technology education, including robotics and rocketry. The lesson models scientific inquiry using the 5E instructional model and includes teacher notes, vocabulary, student journal and reading. (View Less)
This story-based lesson presents information on the early investigation into solar and cosmic X-rays, as well as the scientists working in pursuit of X-ray detection and imaging, that set the stage for a program of space-based astronomy. The lesson... (View More) is narrated by Dr. Herbert Friedman, and includes information on his work, as well as his childhood, home life, and interests while a college student. (View Less)
This is a lesson about the design and operation of an ion propulsion engine. Learners will study the essential components and variables of an ion propulsion system. Activities include an on-line ion propulsion engine simulation and design. Included... (View More) are changes in energy and fuel consumption as a result of variable changes (dependent/independent variable relationships). This is activity 5 of 5 in Structure and Properties of Matter: Ion Propulsion. (View Less)
This interactive, online activity traces the history of the telescope from Galileo's first look at the stars to the work of modern observatories. Learners will read about the milestones in telescope development, witness the interplay between... (View More) technological and scientific advances, glimpse the humanity of the inventors and astronomers behind the telescopes, find out what the telescopes discovered, as well as learn the science of light and optics. Students can work through the activity independently or in groups. Teachers may also choose to have students study a portion of the activity and then share their learning with the class. The science of light and telescopes is presented in the section called "Get to the root of it" that can be used for review, learning the basics, or remediation. Detailed teacher pages, identified as Teaching Tips on the title page of the activity, provide science background information, lesson plan ideas, related resources, and alignment with national education standards. (View Less)


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Studded Leather
Studded Leather
Create a faux-leather studded nail art look using the I Heart Nail Art Studs Kit & Big Matte Top Coat!
Apply 2 coats of Black Out (wait 3 minutes between each coat). Once dry, apply top coat.
While top coat is still wet, apply the Black Studs in 3 evenly spaced columns using the Pick Up Tool to the left, right, and down the middle of the nail.
Apply Big Matte Top Coat over the entire nail.


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Geeky question of the day. . . Why .local for the default Windows SBS 2008 domain name extension?
For other resources on Mac's… check out Eriq Neale's blog posts… http://simultaneouspancakes.com/Lessons/2007/10/28/connecting-a-macintosh-running-mac-os-105-to-an-sbs-2003-server/
2 Thoughts on "From the SBS blog… what about .local?"
What about it? It saves DNS confusion over a public extension and something had to be used. What is the standard practice, I know people who set up the SBS domain names when using the same as name as their public domain as
.local and other that use .com.local. I can not get a strait answer from anyone a to why one or the other. -
Because they want to make it as difficult as possible for MACs to connect to a SBS network? You know that whole rigga-merole you have to go through to get a MAC to connect when using a .local domain right?


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The Historical Society's mission includes the collection of artifacts that tell the many personal stories of Oak Park and River Forest. You can contribute to this mission through the donation of artifacts. Categories of artifact donations include, but are not limited to: Textiles: clothing, linens Household items: kitchenware, tools, recreational items Decorative arts: paintings, glass, furniture Archival: books, documents, photographs, slides Donation Procedures We generally accept only items with a known Oak Park or River Forest connection. Due to storage space, we limit our intake of large items, such as furniture, pianos, organs, etc. Donations to the permanent collections are tax deductible. Please note: The Historical Society of Oak Park and River Forest cannot provide appraisals of objects for tax purposes. Once in our permanent collection, The Historical Society of Oak Park and River maintains all rights and titles of the object. Here are some questions to help determine the historical value of an artifact. Is the item relevant to Oak Park or River Forest history? Is the item from an Oak Park or River Forest family? Is the item in good general condition? Will the item add uniqueness to our growing collection? What is the size of the item? If you have an artifact that you believe would make a good addition to our collection, please contact us at (708) 848-6755.


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Ketab.ir is located in Iran, Islamic Republic of.
Neighbors - Related Sites: 1 Domains On the IP Address 184.108.40.206 .
Download Full List in Text Format 3 IP Addresses are used by ketab.ir which are as follows:
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Sandhill Crane Sculptures
Collections are a JPG+ feature. You must be a JPG+ member to create new collections and to add photos to collections.
Sign up for JPG+ to start using collections now!
Photo license: © All rights reserved
Yea, the stork in the heaven knoweth her appointed times; and the turtle and the crane...observe the time of their coming...Jeremiah 8: 7
I shot this photo of the sculptures, on Nicollet Mall in Minneapolis on March 17, 2011 ...My husband and I had not been to downtown Minneapolis for several years before that, and for us it was a new discovery that we had not seen before... I waited until the coast was clear, which is challenging, on a busy street where there are countless numbers of taxis, buses plus bike riders and pedestrians going by constantly, but got rewarded for my patience to get this very quick shot where there was nothing in the way...
Camera Model... Nikon D-40x
Focal length... 48 mm
F-Number... F/18
Exposure Time... 1/100 sec.
ISO Speed ... ISO-800
Exposure Program... Manual
12 responses
Donald Garrett gave props (21 Jan 2013):
Great catch!!! These birds stop over near us for a rest before migrating toward Michigan. I remember that day! ☺
Ann Reece gave props (21 Jan 2013):
The Sandhill Cranes have some resting spots here to rest before going on south. This is a beautiful sculpture of the Sandhill Cranes and an excellent entry to the theme!
Heather Mellon gave props (21 Jan 2013):
They`re awesome sculptures, and stand out beautifully against the background tones, an excellent capture and entry!
Leslie Hunziker gave props (21 Jan 2013):
Wow, fabulous sculpture. I'm glad you were maimed while venturing to it. i love the dark colors of the birds against the colorful background!
John Linton gave props (22 Jan 2013):
Boldly Rockin' JPG's Urbex in an uncommonly good way.
Andrea Petersen said (22 Jan 2013):
Thank you all for your comments and faves...Leslie...I think you meant you were glad I was not maimed while venturing to it..LOL...There was no danger, as the traffic was on the side of the building behind the sculpture..... it is required that cars are not allowed on that street but there is a designated parking ramp specifically for them...The traffic I am talking about are buses,and taxi cabs..plus the walkers and bikers who were passing by on the other side of the sculptures...It was a busy street but thankfully not on the side where I was standing...
Susan Littlefield gave props (22 Jan 2013):
Glad you got the shot....your patience really paid off! Were these storks coming or going????
Fred Moskey gave props (22 Jan 2013):
Nice shot! Is this what people thought the "Mothman" was?
Sonia Adam Murray gave props (22 Jan 2013):
Beautiful and a good entry!
elfriede fulda gave props (22 Jan 2013):
What a great, unique pic, captured beautifully
rekha nag gave props (23 Jan 2013):
Donna Mullins (Deleted) gave props (23 Jan 2013):
We have the real deal here close to home. A GA-ZILLION of them! Love these guys and the pop of red.
Also by Andrea Petersen


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Friday, October 15, 2010
Easy Root Beer BBQ
The recipe I am about to share comes from The Mennonite Girls. They are some seriously good cooks. This BBQ has become a staple around the farmhouse and is a particular favorite of my son. It only takes three ingredients and a slow cooker, so you have to try it.
1 pork loin roast, 2-3 lbs
1 can of root beer
1 bottle of bbq sauce
Place the pork roast in the slow cooker. Pour root beer over the roast and let it cook, on low, for 6-8 hours. When ready, drain any juices from the crock pot. Shred the pork while it is in the crock pot. Usually it is so tender, I don't have trouble with this. Then mix in your favorite bottle of bbq sauce, or if you like to make your own, that will work as well.
Serve as sandwiches or just as part of the main meal.
17 comments:
The root beer makes the pork taste so good! Did you hear the good news that the "Mennonite Girls Can Cook" blog is having a cookbook published? I'm so glad their dream is coming true, and that all proceeds from the book will go to charity. They are all such nice women.
Thanks for your nice comment! I really appreciate your visits.Farmchick -- Your header photo and script is just great! i really like how you present your whole blog -- colors photos etc. I don't know if that is your farmhouse in the header but if it is you live in paradise. It is amazing to me that people from other states do not realize that KY has beauty, clean air, and good water. Lets not tell them or we will be creating more suburbs in the country. -- barbara
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text: Reba Connects In The Studio With Kelly Clarkson, Trisha Yearwood 7/23/2013 11:05 AM ET Reba McEntire fans will soon be in for a special treat, as the songstress recently connected in the studio with Kelly Clarkson and Trisha Yearwood. News of the collab came via Kelly's Twitter feed, where she posted a photo of a studio mixing board with the trio's names written on masking tape. "So....This happened today. Suck it world! I win! :) @reba @tycom #bestdayever pic.twitter.com/GMsrPdsZxk," Clarkson wrote in the tweet.Clarkson did not add any further info on the track that was recorded or when fans might expect its release.Nonetheless, the collab is a family affair for Kelly, who is engaged to Reba's stepson Brandon Blackstock. They've previously worked together, appearing as dueting partners on the CMT series Crossroads. Yearwood and Clarkson, meanwhile, sang together at the 2013 CMT Music Awards. by RTT Staff WriterFor comments and feedback: firstname.lastname@example.com News Clunkers and Blockbusters: The 10 Most Expensive Movies in history Biotech Stocks Facing FDA Decision In April Top Ten Female CEOs Crack The Glass Ceiling


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Output Smoothing in EMU and OECD: Can We Forego Government Contribution? A risk sharing approach
This paper analyses the smoothing of asymmetric shocks to output for a sample of OECD countries. The research finds no evidence of large differences in the patterns of risk sharing for the 19 OECD countries, the EU-15 or euro-area countries, for the period 1970-1999. However, there were shown to be considerable differences between the euro-area and the successful monetary union of the USA: the euro-area showed a much lower insurance of asymmetric shocks than the US states. In the US federation, 75% of the asymmetric shocks to output were smoothed in the period 1964-1990. However, in the euro-area only 44% of such shocks were not passed onto consumption in the period 1970-1999. Until increasing economic integration in Europe does not lead to a substantial decrease in the incidence of idiosyncratic shocks, such shocks may impose non-negligible welfare costs. Due to a large contribution from the public sector to risk sharing, especially to smooth out more persistent shocks, it does not seem likely that private capital markets can easily replace the government, in the near future, in providing a sufficient degree of risk sharing in the euro-area. Even if capital markets become as integrated in the euro-area as they were in the US federation in the period 1964-1990, the amount of shocks left unsmoothed will still be 1.8 times larger than in the US federation. As there are no substantial differences between the patterns of risk sharing for the different samples considered, an eventual enlargement of the euro-area to include the UK, Denmark and Sweden is not likely to pose additional risk sharing problems for the euro-zone.
If you experience problems downloading a file, check if you have the proper application to view it first. In case of further problems read the IDEAS help page. Note that these files are not on the IDEAS site. Please be patient as the files may be large.
Length: | 42 pages |
Date of creation: | 2003 |
Handle: | RePEc:gmf:wpaper:2003-02 |
Contact details of provider: | Postal: Av. Dias da Silva 165; 3004-512 Coimbra Phone: +351239790599 Fax: + 351 239 40 35 11 Web page: http://www.uc.pt/en/feuc/gemf/ More information through EDIRC |
References listed on IDEAS
Please report citation or reference errors to , or , if you are the registered author of the cited work, log in to your RePEc Author Service profile, click on "citations" and make appropriate adjustments.:
- Sorensen, B-E & Yosha, O, 1996.
"International Risk Sharing and European Monetary Unification,"
40-96, Tel Aviv.
- Sorensen, Bent E. & Yosha, Oved, 1998. "International risk sharing and European monetary unification," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 45(2), pages 211-238, August.
- Artis, Michael J & Buti, Marco, 2000.
""Close to Balance or in Surplus": A Policy Maker's Guide to the Implementation of the Stability and Growth Pact,"
CEPR Discussion Papers
2515, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
- Michael J. Artis & Marco Buti, 2000. "'Close-to-Balance or in Surplus': A Policy-Maker's Guide to the Implementation of the Stability and Growth Pact," Journal of Common Market Studies, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 38(4), pages 563-591, November.
- Michael J. Artis & Marco Buti, 2000. "Close to Balance or in Surplus. A Policy Maker's Guide to the Implementation of the Stability and Growth Pact," EUI-RSCAS Working Papers 28, European University Institute (EUI), Robert Schuman Centre of Advanced Studies (RSCAS).
- Jacques Mélitz & Frédéric Zumer, 1999.
"Interregional and International Risk Sharing and Lessons for EMU,"
Sciences Po publications
n°2154, Sciences Po.
- Melitz, Jacques & Zumer, Frederic, 1999. "Interregional and international risk-sharing and lessons for EMU," Carnegie-Rochester Conference Series on Public Policy, Elsevier, vol. 51(1), pages 149-188, December.
- Jacques Mélitz & Frédéric Zumer, 1999. "Interregional and International Risk Sharing and Lessons for EMU," Working Papers hal-01064863, HAL.
- Melitz, Jacques & Zumer, Frédéric, 1999. "Interregional and International Risk Sharing and Lessons for EMU," CEPR Discussion Papers 2154, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
- Jacques Mélitz & Frédéric Zumer, 2000. "Interregional and International Risk Sharing and Lessons for EMU," EUI-RSCAS Working Papers 2, European University Institute (EUI), Robert Schuman Centre of Advanced Studies (RSCAS).
- Roberto Perotti, 1999. "Fiscal Policy in Good Times and Bad," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, Oxford University Press, vol. 114(4), pages 1399-1436.
- Giovanni P. Olivei, 2000. "Consumption risk-sharing across G-7 countries," New England Economic Review, Federal Reserve Bank of Boston, issue Mar, pages 3-14.
- André Sapir & Marco Buti, 1998. "Economic policy in EMU," ULB Institutional Repository 2013/8078, ULB -- Universite Libre de Bruxelles.
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Corrections Officer Alleged To Have Improper Contact With JurorAn attorney is filing a motion seeking any information, including investigative or police reports, on the possibility that a corrections officer in the courthouse may have had improper conversations with jurors or witnesses.
Woman Convicted In 1999 Home InvasionThe former fugitive, who fled the country for El Salvador after being charged, was found guilty of three counts of home invasion and two counts of armed robbery.
Quinn Rains On Ill. House Gambling Parade Offering up a direct challenge to a resistant Gov. Pat Quinn, the Illinois House resurrected a huge expansion of legalized gambling Wednesday that includes a land-based casino in Chicago, four more on riverboats and allowing ailing horse-racing tracks to add slot machines.
North Suburban Man Charged With Beating Infant


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FreeBSD General Other questions regarding FreeBSD which do not fit in any of the categories below. |
Thread Tools | Display Modes |
More tcp connections
Hey all,
So I have a FreeBSD qmail server with courier IMAP and pop3 also, along with the obligatory Spam assassin. We have about ~110 users. I moved everyone from Outlook/Outlook Express with POP3, to Thunderbird with IMAP. We are getting timeouts occasionally when people are sending mail, and it is just in gerenal slow. It is in a VM with 2 GB of ram and a 2.5ghz processor, so it should be fast enough. I think that the problem lies with too many connections because when it was POP3, everything was fine and happy. How do I allow more (tcp?) connections? I am thinking a sysctl variable, but I don't have access to this server and it will probably be awhile before I do, but I want to be prepped when I go there. Thanks! -=Tom Last edited by tad1214; 1st June 2008 at 03:32 PM. |
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