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Being beautiful has its rewards and these usually continue throughout adulthood. The secret of beauty and attractiveness is a quest of humans for as long as we became civilized. Many of us spend up to one-third of our income on looking good. Besides being popular, beautiful people get special attention from teachers, the legal system and employers. Good-looking people tend to make more money than their plain-Jane counterparts. A plainness penalty, punishing below-average-looks earn 9 percent less an hour.
We instinctively know what appeals to our own sense of beauty — we know it when we see it — defining what determines attractiveness is not easy. In frustration, we often give up and claim that beauty is in they eye of the beholder. Attractiveness is hard wired in our brains. Babies as young as 3 months identify and prefer faces that most adults would deem beautiful. Europeans can pick out the same beautiful Japanese faces as Japanese subjects. Japanese can agree on which European faces another Europeans will view as beautiful. Humans can even agree on the attractiveness of monkey faces, thus ruling out most unique racial, cultural and even species influences.
Facial recognition is a complex process. Computer facial recognition programs have been developed to analyze the subtle variations of things like the space between our eyes, the size of our noses and the proportions of our facial features. There are certain mathematical facial proportions that identify beautiful people. There is more to beauty than the mere arrangement of eyes, noses and chins. Our brains do much more than simply recognize a beautiful face. We can assess emotions, personality traits and fertility — as well as beauty — almost instantaneously. The human brain has special part called the fusiform, located in the back of the head near the spine. It is the same neural pathway needed to recognize faces of family, friends and people we have met. When it is damaged, the patients cannot recognize anyone, even people they have just met. They cannot discriminate between photographs of plain and beautiful faces.
When we recognize a face as "beautiful" we are actually making a judgement about the health and vitality of that individual. We interpret facial symmetry, that is to say, the similarity of left and right halves of a face and the smoothness of the skin to mean that a person has good genes and is free from diseases. This is part of what we mean by beautiful. Facial symmetry is one of the best observational indicators of good genes and healthy development and that these traits are what we mean when we say someone is attractive.
Facial asymmetry increases with the presence of genetic disturbances such as deleterious recessives and with homozygosity. Facial asymmetry increases with the exposure to environmental perturbations during development. Facial asymmetry is the inability of an individual to resist the disruptions in developmental symmetry. This implies a genetic weakness and less than optimum health. Bilateral symmetry is equated with heterozygosity and resistance to infection and debilitating pathogens. Bilateral symmetry and parasite resistance are factors that show optimum health and increase the success in intersexual and intrasexual competition.
The term homozygosity refers to the similarity of genetic characteristics that can cause a weakening of a species — such as occurs with in-breeding. Heterozygosity, on the other hand, is the result of genetic variety which is able to change and adapt to environmental conditions. The latter is believed to be more beneficial to a species.
Attractiveness from a female's perspective is related to fertility of women, which causes hormonal changes in the brain that seek out strong testosterone traits in their potential mates. These traits are usually associated with aggressive behavior, risk taking and virility traits that are advantageous in the act of procreation. When women are assessing a man's face for a marriage partner, they usually react to a man with a wide smile, small eyes, a big nose and a large jaw. This is thought to indicate a strong testosterone level, a potentially good provider and protector for family life. Younger women rely more on the physical attractiveness of a man than do older women. The latter incorporate such things as wealth, stability, power and faithfulness in their definition of attractive.
Attractiveness from a male's perspective for ideal face of an attractive woman, prefer younger proportions because these child-like faces stimulate emotions of caring and protection. These emotions seem to be more significant than sexual urges and procreation in men. This can be in the psychological realm that dangerously approaches pathology and the law. Yet this "lolita" proclivity is hard wired.
When it comes to body proportions, most men usually like big breasts and hips; again linked to the ability to bare and nurture offspring. Estrogen, the hormone associated with female fertility, encourages fat deposits around the buttocks and thighs. Full buttocks and a narrow waist send out the same message as the ideal face. The woman is full of estrogen and very fertile. Dr Michael Cunningham of Elmhurst College, Illinois found that if a male is judging a female in an interview for a job, a woman with expressive eyebrows and dilated pupils has the edge and is likely to be considered more competent. The same features would not be judged as attractive if the same man was looking for a mate. Cunningham also found that attractive women with mature features, such as small eyes and a large nose, received more respect from men.
A face with average proportions always looks more beautiful than a unique, individual face. Average features make the faces more attractive than any specific face. The average face is easy for the brain to recognize and require less analysis and processing in the fusiform. This ease of recognition is perceived as attractiveness. But this idea is recently disproved by Dr David Perrett, of the University of St Andrews, who found that individual faces were judged more attractive than the composites. This would account for the popularity of actresses such as Brigitte Nielsen and Daryl Hannah, who have features that are far from average.
Psychologist David Perrett found that young men and women prefer faces that most resemble their mothers and fathers. Members of a close family also often share the interpretation of certain facial characteristics in judging someone's personality. Although this does not relate directly with beauty or attractiveness, it demonstrates that some aspects of evaluating facial characteristics is learned.
My own take on this is that it is a matter of nature versus nurture. Various centers of our hard wired brain, like the fusiform, compete to control our daily decisions. One center is concerned with mate selection based on physical traits. Others brain regions respond to a potential mate who is also intelligent, honest, faithful, kind and sane. Attractiveness, in the end, actually is unique to each individual. It should be said that, "beauty is in the eyes (plural) of the beholder." It is more a matter of left and right brain politics and both hemispheres must work together to attract us to the perfect mate, as they usually do.
According to Science Daily, men with large jaws, flaring cheeks and large eyebrows are sexy, at least in the eyes of our ancestors. Facial attractiveness plays a major role in shaping human evolution. Our choice of sexual partner has shaped the human face. The face holds the secret to determining the sex of our ancestors and what makes us attractive to the opposite sex for reproduction.
According to paleontologists at the Natural History Museum, men evolved short faces between the brow and upper lip, which exaggerates the size of their jaw, the flare of their cheeks and their eyebrows. The shorter and broader male face has also evolved alongside and the canine teeth have shrunk, so men look less threatening to competitors, yet attractive to mates.
At puberty, the region between the mouth and eyebrows, known as upper facial height, develops differently in men and women. Unlike other facial features, however, this difference cannot be explained simply in terms of men being bigger than women. In spite of their larger size, men have an upper face similar in height to a female face, but much broader. These differences can be found throughout human history. As a result, a simple ratio of measures could be used to calculate facial attractiveness in a biological and mathematical way. In fact, scientists recently invented a computer program that can recognize attractiveness.
Dr Eleanor Weston, paleontologist at the Natural History Museum is of the opinion that the evolution of facial appearance is central to understanding what makes men and women attractive to each other. It is discovered that the distance between the lip and brow is immensely important to what made homosapiens attractive in the past, as it does now.


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Elk and Deer
Shepp Ranch provides quality wilderness hunting. Our camps offer comfortable tents and sleeping conditions. Meals are prepared fresh, and offer more than usual camp fare, with fresh breads and desserts. One guide per two hunters ensures personalized attention, and the best possible chance for success.
We hunt in central Idaho's Gospel Hump Wilderness (see Buffalo Hump quadrangle) in Fish and Game unit 19. This country is steep and rugged, with nearly a dozen mountain peaks ranging from 6,700 to 8,300 feet, making it ideal habitat for big game. We offer rifle hunting in September, in the midst of the bugle season. This is a rare opportunity, not to be missed. Later in the fall, we use camps ideally located to intercept game migrating to wintering areas. While we hunt mostly from horseback, a certain amount of walking is required. We suggest that you be in good physical condition to ensure an enjoyable hunt and your best chance for success. In this area a non resident deer tag can be used on a cougar or bear so if you hunt the late season deer/elk hunt you may also get a chance at a cat and early season there is a chance for a bear.
Elk and deer Hunters begin their trip with a jetboat ride up the Salmon River, and proceed to camp the same day. Depending on which camp we have chosen for you, the horseback ride to camp is between three and seven hours. We use wall tents with cots and mattresses, heated by wood stove. This assures you will be comfortable, even if the weather turns cold, as it often does in the high country. We provide one guide per two hunters, guaranteeing personal attention, and the best chance to be successful in your hunt. Each camp also has a cook who prepares fantastic meals, with fresh baked breads and desserts and we are happy to accommodate dietary preferences or restrictions. Hunts last a full six days, with the last night spent at the ranch where you can enjoy a hot shower and a soak in the hot tub while telling tales of the weeks hunt. This gives you a chance to get cleaned up and enjoy our hospitality before jetboating out after breakfast on the last day.
Shepp Ranch also offers spring bear hunts that take place from the ranch. For people who have not hunted with us before, this is a great way to get acquainted with our hunting area, meet our guides and check out our facility. It is also a spectacular time of year along the Salmon River. Snow dominates the high country, while down low the country is greening up, and spring flowers are blooming.
Elk and Deer Combination Hunts
7 day/7 night, 2 hunters to a guide;
2013 rate $6000/person

subset: commoncrawl


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Sorry guys, I forgot to weigh that bullet. You know, Valentines festivities and such. I will get it done though.
Sorry guys, I forgot to weigh that bullet. You know, Valentines festivities and such. I will get it done though.
The more I thought about it, I deleted my experience with the other calibers and agree with Drhrspower and bitterrootbulls. Just go with what shoot best in your rifle. I read the whole thread again and saw you were going to be keeping your shots within a reasonable distance. So, any one of the bullets mentioned will do the job just fine.
If you wanna go by price, The Nosler Accubonds are the cheapest. The Partitions and Barnes are about the same price depending where you buy them. Good luck and let us know what you decide on.
Last edited by bigshot; 02-15-2012 at 03:41 PM.
I would be fully confident in the 7mm 160 accubond at any reasonable range on elk. Same goes for the .270 140 accubond.
We could (and have) debate the minimum caliber for elk. Many people kill them like clockwork year after year with their smaller cartridges. Like many game animals, some are just plain tough, and won't give it up right away. Caliber or bullet construction is never a substitute for marksmanship.
I am actually going away from my 300 RUM this year and moving to a 7mm Rem. Mag. My bullet will either be a 160 accubond, 168 LRX, or 168 Berger VLD Hunting. It will be whichever shoots best.
Here is the .277 140 grain Barnes:
That is 96% weight retention.
Here is a 30 Cal. 200 accubond recovered from another bull:
That is 61% weight retention.
Both are within their intended weight retention ranges and both killed the bulls.
Last edited by Bitterroot Bulls; 02-15-2012 at 01:25 PM.
The reason I ask is because my brother and I both shot our deer this year with the 130 grain accubond. Both shots were under 120 yards and both shots hit shoulder. The entrance wound was massive on both animals and seemed to blow up with plenty of bullet fragments and then their was a small exit. Is this typical? it happened to the both of us, same gun same box of bullets. Im not complaining because both deer dropped but it made me wonder what would happen if I hit an elk even in the ribs none the less the shoulder.
Thanks for clearing that up! Sounds like ill need to stay away from the shoulder on an elk.
Barnes bullets do have their issues. One is copper fouling. It seems like the copper will stick in a bore with gilding metal fouling. So, if you use Barnes, make sure to get a nice, clean bore first, and then don't mix Barnes with gilding metal bullets (like accubonds, bergers, etc.)
I may have to give the barnes a try. I cant remember the last deer I shot that wasnt in the shoulder, they drop everytime. Do you think a bullet like the barnes or partition would have enough power to punch through elk shoulder out of a 270, or should I just avoid it all together?
Thanks for the help BB


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Day 17: A proper send-off
Our last day in Chiang Mai began with one last walk up the street to Nature's Way café for breakfast. We said goodbye to the friendly Thai woman who gave us necessary coffee each morning (with a smile) and headed off to a busy and bittersweet day split between the intern house and KWAT office.
Our last English lesson in the morning was taught by the whole GROW team. We started with a review. The interns broke into pairs to converse and answer familiar questions such as How are you today? and What values do you have? We walked around while the KWAT interns practiced, a final opportunity to review vocabulary we had spent the last couple of weeks teaching.
For the rest of the morning the class dove into a more complicated assignment: Tell me your story, how did you become an intern for KWAT? and What are your ambitions for the future (in your job, country, life)? The interns were given time to prepare short narratives about their lives and their hopes for Kachin state. After discussing, writing, and editing they presented their stories to the group. We have gotten to know them all the last few weeks, and it was invaluable to hear them talk about their lives. Some of the interns had been waiting over two years to get into the program; some did not know why they were chosen by their organization to go. Despite these differences, they all had one thing in common: their desire to learn as much as they possibly could to bring back to their communities and improve the lives of the Kachin people. As each student read their compositions aloud, we could not help but feel a sense of pride that they were all doing so well. Girls who were too shy to speak any English to us at first were reading page-long compositions about their aspirations and hopes. We were proud of the English they had learned, and inspired by their intense drive to improve their communities at home.
After our serious end to our English lessons, things took a lighthearted turn as Adam, Harrison, Neelima, Kristina, and I were transported back to high school prom. In a frenzy, the KWAT interns rotated around and took pictures with every combination of the GROW team. First it was a group shot, and then it was just the girls, then just the boys, then just Harrison. There is no way my eyes were open for all of those pictures.
After our photo shoot, we had a final and tasty intern- house lunch of mutton, potatoes, leafy greens, and (of course) rice. Then, far too soon, it was time for us to go. There were hugs and handshakes and talk to you soons. We promised to keep in touch and gave the interns our names to find us on Facebook. It was amazing how many connections we formed in such a short time. The car was quiet as we sped off towards the KWAT office; even though we gained so much from working with the interns, it felt as though we were leaving a little bit of ourselves behind.
The afternoon was spent putting the finishing touches on our projects at the KWAT office. Neelima and Kristina added the last pictures to the Activity Report, Adam wrote the conclusion, and Harrison edited another grant. Meanwhile, Mai and I met to finish discussing next year's project and went over the list of questions that the National Office sent to complete the MOU.
Our night ended with a farewell dinner and send-off from the KWAT staff in the office. Festivities were complete with yummy rice and meat and two mountains of fresh fruit. They gave us matching t-shirts with the KWAT logo, making us feel like we were truly a part of the KWAT family (there was also another photo shoot, don't worry).
During our stay, the GROW team was welcomed with open arms and we expressed our gratitude for KWAT's hospitality. The opportunity to help them on the ground with English lessons, the activity report, and the health brochure has been both educational and inspirational. In addition to all of the knowledge we gained about the situation in Kachin state, the tangible connections we made with KWAT's staff were the most important aspects of our trip. Putting faces to the organization we work closely with all year is invaluable. For the five of us, the GROW trip has continued to fuel not only our passion for GlobeMed and global health, but also given us a new family and perspective on the complexities that underlie problems with global health and development. Reflecting on the entirety of our trip, one thing is very clear: our partnership with KWAT continues to thrive and I know we will do our best to bring all that we have learned here back to our chapter at Dartmouth. I am very sad to leave this beautiful land of smiles, but I am excited to return to campus energized for the year ahead in GlobeMed.
Now, unfortunately, I have a long night of packing and organizing before the early flight and long trip home tomorrow morning.
That's all for now!


text:
NEW DELHI: The government may announce sops for sectors such as engineering and carpets in the forthcoming Foreign Trade Policy (FTP) to provide them cushion against the global slowdown.
"We can expect more measures in the FTP. We are working on the FTP," Commerce and Industry Minister Anand Sharma told reporters here.


text:
DirectX is required by many games and multimedia apps in Windows. DirectX is built in to Windows and can't be uninstalled.
If you're having problems getting a game, movie or multimedia app to play properly, the DirectX Diagnostic Tool can help you identify the problem. Here's how to open it.
Swipe in from the right edge of the screen, and then tap Search.(If you're using a mouse, point to the upper-right corner of the screen, move the mouse pointer down, and then click Search.)
Enter dxdiag in the search box, and then tap or click dxdiag.
If this is the first time you've used the DirectX Diagnostic Tool, you might be asked to check if your drivers are digitally signed. We recommend you tap or click Yes to help verify their authenticity. For more info, see How can I decide which drivers are safe to install?
When the diagnostic tool is open, check these items.
Some older apps and games require D3DX. If you see an error message such as: "The program can't start because d3dx9_35.dll is missing from your computer. Try reinstalling the program to fix this problem." (The last two digits of the file name might vary.) Go to the DirectX End-User Runtime web Installer webpage and follow the instructions to install DirectX 9, which includes DXD3 support.
A driver that is digitally signed has been tested for DirectX compatibility. Tap or click the tabs for whichever hardware is causing the trouble and look for driver problems. Installing the latest driver will often solve the problem. You can typically find the latest driver in the support section of the manufacturer's website.
If a joystick or other input device doesn't respond, it might not be installed correctly. Make sure the device appears in the Input tab. If not, reinstall the device according to the manufacturer's instructions. If it's a USB device, unplug it and then plug it back in. If the controller appears in the Input tab but still doesn't work, trying installing the latest driver from the support section of the manufacturer's website.
See all support pages for devices & drivers.
Ask a question in the
community forums.


text:
Tax Talk,
What is the current capital gains rate if you
sell stock in less than one year? I believe if you hold the stock
for over a year, the rate is 15 percent, but I was wondering what
the short-term rate is. -- Barbara
Many people seem to forget that in order to get the long-term preferential
gains rate of 15 percent, they have to hold their investment
for more than a year. To be precise, you have to sell at least one
year and one day later to qualify for the reduced rate. Capital
gains that are realized from the sale of property held for one year
or less are not given a preferential rate.
This means that you are taxed on these gains at the
rate as your other income such as salaries, interest, rents
and pension income. For example, if you are in the 25 percent tax
bracket, you will pay 25 percent tax on your short-term gains; if
you are in the 35 percent bracket, the tax is 35 percent.
The only thing you can do to reduce the tax bite on
short-term gain is try to unload
loss positions at the end of the year. For example if you have
stock that has a cost of $10,000 and has declined in value to $8,000,
you might want to consider selling that stock to offset other gains
you had during the year. The holding period of the depreciated stock
is not relevant, as it offsets your gains from stock. If you still
have overall short-term gains, you still will be in the higher tax
bracket, but you will have managed to reduce some of the tax bite.
You can also reacquire the stock that you sold
31 days without losing the benefit of recognizing the loss.
In that case, I hope the sold stock has not changed in value.


text:
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'Alguersuari revealed that he had turned down the opportunity to sign with Lotus in order to remain loyal to Red Bull after it had brought him through the junior ranks."
yeah, well chalk that up as part of your learning-experience, young'n...and begin to shut your mouth a bit


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Kerala rivers turn grazing lands
G. K. Nair
Facing extinction threat: A file photo of sand being mined
from rivers near Kochi. Rivers are singing their swan song as the riverine
ecology has been affected by the alarming rate of unrestricted sand mining.
Kochi, April 19:
The indiscriminate human intervention mainly by unscrupulous
removal of sand from the beds of the major rivers in Kerala such as Pampa, Periyar,
Bharathapuzha, Manimala etc., has transformed them into vast stretches of
grazing lands following prolific growth of vegetation.
Urging all the authorities concerned to initiate concerted
efforts to regulate the sand mining activities based on sand auditing as
envisaged in the 'Kerala River Bank Protection and Sand Mining Regulation Act,
2001' a team of experts warned that failure to do so might ring the death-knell
of several rivers in the God's Own Country as the very characteristics of the
rivers have been changed.
"Although pure sand seldom supports vegetative growth, the
silt admixture in sand could support vegetation. The sewage outfalls and
disposal of solid wastes from developmental centres located on the banks of the
rivers may fertilise the deposit further, and hence provide a favourable
substratum for dense growth of plants," experts said.
As a result, vast stretches of such grasslands in the rivers
can been seen from the bridge across Periyar on the Perumbavoor - Kalady road
and in the holy river Pampa down stream the Kozhencherry bridge.
Water scarcity
"While it would lead to the gradual death of the rivers, it
is threatening the very existence of natural water resources in the State as
removal of sand lowered river bed and that in turn reduced the water holding
capacity of rivers. Acute water scarcity is experiencing in the river basin
even though Kerala have received moderately fair summer rains, pointed out
The expert team of scientists and engineers under the
auspices of the Pampa Parirakshana Samithi (PPS), an environmental
organisation, conducted a field survey last week to study the present status of
River Pampa found further environmental degradation of the river following
continuous human intervention.
Sand budget of Pampa
The study report on the sand budget of Pampa river prepared
by Dr D. Padmalal of Centre for Earth Science Studies (CESS),
Thiruvananthapuram, was taken as a bench mark for assessment of the extend of
degradation caused by the river over the past 15 years, Mr N.K. Sukumaran Nair,
the PPS General Secretary told Business Line.
The expert study team observed that that the river has lost
it's continuum in summer months as it is turned to a series of pools and grassy
islands. The individual pools of 4-8 m water depth, resulted from
indiscriminate scooping of sand, are often connected by a stream-let of water
in certain stretches, especially in the downstream side. Most of the sand
deposits and sandy plains, recorded by CESS previously, are either partially or
completely disappeared.
Some sand deposits are turned into grass isles/ grasslands.
Local people use the grass blanketed areas for grazing their livestock. The
unscientific removal of construction grade sand using pole and net mechanism
widespread in the river is the Villain to these changes.
The process could enhance many folds the Total Suspended
Sediment (TSS) level in the river water column which in will be deposited in
sheltered environments during flooding. This along with the channel incision
(river bed lowering) is responsible for the prolific growth of vegetation over
the sand deposits. The degradation has reached such a level that several
stretches have become stabilized vegetated islands.
In fact, the sand deposit at Maramon is now totally changed
to a grass land. The discharge of nutrient rich sewage from the Kozhenchery
township and silt reaching from the sand mining centres upstream during high
flow seasons are responsible for the accelerated growth of grass and other
The unscientific granite structure for about 417m length,
indented mainly for protecting the sandy plain at Maramon is counter productive
as it contribute a low energy zone behind the granite construction.
On the other hand, the narrow active channel between the granite
structure and the right bank acts as a flow amplifier and hence accelerating
erosion of sediments in an area naturally meant for deposition. All these, in
one way or the other, contribute a favuorable environment for the prolific
growth of weed plants over the sand deposit.
Poor drinking water schemes
Another important observation made by the team is on the sad
State of drinking water supply schemes. The river is the major source of
drinking water to several lakhs of people in the Pampa river basin. The lowered
water level consequent to channel incision and river degradation adversely
affected the water storage capacity of the river, especially in summer months.
In order to make water supply steady, the Kerala Water
Authority has to construct newer and newer intake structures every year. Last
year, Mr Nair said, the authorities have to abandon the old intake structures
and construct a new deep well in the middle of the river close to the active
channel for water abstraction.
He said the authorities are now coming with a new proposal
to remove the grass blanket over the sand deposit. The team of experts strongly
feels that the proposal has to be implemented only after proper scientific
studies by a competent agency. Mere removal of vegetative growth will not give
fruitful and sustainable results as the root cause for degradation still
persists. Treatment is needed for the root causes of environmental degradation
and not for the surface.
The team also had three learned Senior Citizens residing on
the bank of the River Pampa, apart from Mr N K Sukumaran Nair, Professor M.V.S.
Namboothiri (Executive committee member), K.R. Vinayachandran Nair
(Vice-President) and Professor T.N. Ramakrishna Kurup (President) of the PPS.
A River in Peril
by V.
K. Joshi (Bijji)
"The land where the Ganges does not
is likened in a hymn to the sky without the sun,
a home without a lamp,
a Brahmin without the Vedas."
So writes Jean Tavernie in
Travel in India.
The Ganges,
popularly known as 'Ganga' occupies an integral and sacrosanct place in
India's history making her presence felt from the geopolitical to the
socio-economic sphere. The river originates at Gaumukh in the Southern
Himalayas flowing through Cities, Towns and quiet landscape before reaching
theTriveni Sangam close to Varanasi (Banaras). There are
innumerable sites all along the river which are legendary in Hindu history
and mythology. Endearingly, the river is often referred to as 'Ganga-Ma'
[meaning, 'mother Ganga']. It is also the very soul of India where half the
population directly or indirectly depends on the Ganges for drinking water
and agricultural needs.
In her book "
Banaras: City of Light," Diana Eck articulately wrote:
"There are
few things on which Hindu India, diverse as it is, might agree. But of the
Ganges, India speaks with one voice. The Ganges carries an immense cultural
and religious meaning for Hindus of every region and every sectarian
A sacred river
revered by the Hindus and glorified in mythologies, stories, songs and poems,
the Ganges is the very heart and soul of India. One would naturally expect
that a river this dear to its own people would be cherished and protected
with zeal. But alas, perhaps it is the very significance of the river in
Hindu customs and belief that has and continues to push it to its nadir.
Today, the Ganges is threatened by the very divine prominence it has been
accorded by its own people. Every year, thousands of worshippers congregate
on the banks of the river to attend various festivals such as the Sangam,
Sagar Mela and Kumbh Mela. This mass gathering of people that the river
attracts has an environmentally adverse effect on it. Over the years the
glaciers that the river emerges from have been decreasing by hundreds of feet
and the decline in average snowfall in the region has prevented their
According to a number of glaciologists, part of the problem facing the Ganges
may lie in the burning of fossil fuels by pilgrims who assemble in tents near
the glaciers. Sadly, the reverence given to the river seems to be limited to
rituals wherein one takes away from it or 'uses' it, without any thought or
consideration for what it does to
Ganga-Ma. For example, the emersion
of idols of deities and practices such as immersing ashes of the dead in the
Ganges may have a divine impetus behind them, but have deadly effects on the
river and environment.
The similar callousness is evident all along the Ganga basin, where it is
estimated that almost 350 million people reside. As it flows through several
towns and cities, untreated human, animal and industrial wastes are
discharged into the river. In Kanpur, for example, chromium and other harmful
chemicals from the nearby leather industries seep into the river
unrestricted. The rise in contamination of ground water around the Ganga
Basin areas is evident in the ever increasing cases of water borne disease
such as cholera. According to the Sankat Mochan Foundation (SMF) that
launched the Campaign for a Clean Ganga, fecal coliform pollution in several bathing
areas is more than 3,000 times above the level acceptable and safe for human
beings. Decomposed corpses that have not been cremated properly are left to
float in the river, polluting the sacred waters but also threatens marine and
human life.
The seriousness of the problem has been acknowledged by the Indian
Authorities who realize that unless serious measures are taken, the water
supply generated from the Ganges will dwindle over a period of time. In April
1985 The Ganga Action Plan (GAP) was established to clean the Ganges. Several
waste treatment facilities were constructed with the help of British and
Dutch companies to stop the sewage at a certain cut-off point and redirect
the water for treatment. Many electrical crematoria were also built for this
purpose. GAP seemed like a positive step when it was launched but could not
live up to the expectations and the activities were shut down by the
Government in 2000. Some environmentalists believe that more than $600
million spent to implement the GAP over the 15 year period failed to yield
the desired results and benefit the Ganges. The core of the problem was an
absence of a strong political will combined with erroneous technology and
lack of vision to address the problem effectively and adequately. For
instance, to operate the sewage treatment plants there was a need for a
continuous supply of power which was unavailable and as a result the sewage
treatment plants were rendered useless.
The perception of the Ganga itself as a purifying river reduces the sense of
urgency as some view the problem as grossly exaggerated. The Ganga is said to
contain bacteriophages that can overcome bacteria and so on as well as an
unexplained ability to retain dissolved oxygen. However, whether these are
seeped in age old beliefs or supported by scientific evidence is
The President of SMF, Dr. Veer Bhadra Mishra, strongly believes the struggle
to clean our river is ultimately a battle about information rather than
technology. It is a battle to create much greater public awareness to break
through the firewall of official indifference in India. There is also an
urgent need to promote greater environmental consciousness and responsibility
among people to manage our waters more efficiently.
The organization in 2001 launched an ambitious three-year "public
awareness" project in Varanasi to better inform and encourage citizens
to be part of the solution by adopting measures that would make a difference.
Workers from the campaign patrol the 7 km stretch along the Varanasi ghats on
a daily basis, removing human and animal corpses along with plastic bag and
other litter from the river. Although it is an effort that does make a
difference there remains a need for a more concrete long-term vision to save
the Ganges.
The initiative by environmentalist and concerned citizens has propelled the
Government to become more pro-active in their approach to clean the Ganga. In
October, 2009 under the Chairmanship of the Prime Minister the first meeting
of the National Ganga River Basin Authority (NGRBA) was held. Initiatives
such as the 'Mission Clean Ganga' to prevent untreated municipal sewage and
industrial effluent to enter Ganga by 2020 and a comprehensive river basin
management plan by December 2010 were put in place. In Februaray 2010, the
government allocated substantial budget for the programmes to clean up the
In the Ganges lies our future water resource and a failure to protect the
Ganges could prove detrimental to our own lives, as water scarcity becomes
one of the biggest crisis in the near future. India's first Prime Minter,
Late Jawaharlal Nehru famously said: "intertwined her memories, her hopes and
fears, her songs of triumph, her victories and her defeats. She has been a
symbol of India's age-long culture and civilization, ever changing, ever
flowing, and yet ever the same Ganga."
Every evening as one sits at the river banks in Haridwar looking across the
tranquil waters of the Ganges, one can witness the devotion and religious
fervor of the worshippers. The skies darken and the chants of the holy
priests grow louder at the culmination of the
Ganga Aarti (prayers)
creating an enchanting atmosphere. One needs to realize that it is not an
option to save the life sustaining waters of the Ganges but a necessity for
in her survival is interviewed our own salvation and century old traditions
and religious beliefs.
India's Beloved Ganges
Raj Balu
Where the Ganges flows, there is joy. - Hindustani proverb
According to the Hindus of India, it is a sacred river. Their belief is that
bathing in it washes away sins and helps one to attain salvation. Dying in Varanasi,
the holy city through which it flows, ensures that the soul is released from an
endless cycle of death and rebirth. Millions of people make pilgrimages to the
river every year.
The Ganges is the symbol of India, representing the country's ancient
civilization. It possesses both religious and economic significance and its
importance to the country is enormous. However, consistent polluting over the
years from sewage and boats has created massive problems. In addition, global
warming is threatening to cut the source of the river's flow. If nothing is
done to remedy these problems, the river could be completely dead and gone
within the next few decades.
The livelihood and religion of millions of Hindus are being threatened. India,
as one of the most culturally rich nations in the world, should attempt to
preserve its most precious symbol of beauty.
Embodiment of the Goddess
At 1,560 miles long, the Ganges flows through four countries including China,
India, Nepal and Bangladesh. Its source is the Ghaumukh glacier in the southern
Himalayas on the Indian side of the Tibetan border.
The river basin of the Ganges is 400,000 square miles and one of the most
densely populated basins in the entire world. It flows through over 100 cities
and towns, many with populations over 100,000. The people of the Ganges basin
are ethnically diverse including Arabs, Turks, Mongols, Afghans and Persians.
The Hindus regard the river as the holiest of rivers. In India, pilgrimage
sites along its shores are numerous and significant. Seeing people bathe and
cleanse in the river for ritual purposes is a common sight. For Hindus who do
not live near the river, bathing in it is often a lifelong ambition and making
a pilgrimage to it can be a life-changing event. It is a regular occurrence
that ashes of the deceased are scattered in the river with the belief that the
water will guide the souls to their next destination. Hindus also frequently
take water from the Ganges back to their homes, mixing it with a larger amount
of water from another source and turning it holy.
In addition to religious significance, the Ganges also possesses economic
significance. Since ancient times, water from the Ganges has been used to
irrigate crops such as sugarcane, cotton, potatoes and lentils. The river has
historically been used for boat transportation of goods including teas and
grains, though less in the last many decades due to the advent of the railroad.
The river generates significant hydroelectric power, up to 13 million
kilowatts. Nearly half the power is generated for use in India. The river also
holds much tourist appeal, not only for purposes of pilgrimage, but also for
river rafting and other forms of leisurely
The Ganges is everything to Hindus, including the embodiment of the goddess Ganga
and the opportunity to attain nirvana. But in its current condition it is
getting further and further away from the holiness and beauty it is best known
Murky Waters
It's a sad fact, but the problems that are greatly affecting much of the
natural world are also affecting the Ganges.
Pollution has been destroying the river for many decades. Millions of gallons
of untreated sewage enter the river on a daily basis. Improper cremation of the
deceased results in partially burnt corpses floating in the water. Numerous
industries along the river, especially the leather industry, uses substantial
amounts of chromium during processing, contributing heavily to the river's
chemical content. Furthermore, the damming of rivers for hydroelectric power
and increase in boat traffic has left the waters filthy and dangerous. Dolphins
that once populated the river in high numbers have dwindled down to about
The river faces another major problem due to global warming. According to
climatologists, the Ghaumukh glacier -- the Ganges' Himalayan source of water,
is rapidly drying up due to climate change. It provides up to 75 percent of the
water for the Ganges during the warmer months of the year. It is estimated that
the glacier is receding at a rate of 120 feet per year. If things continue the
way they have been and the supply of glacial water completely runs out, the
Ganges could end up being merely a seasonal river, dependant upon the strength
of the monsoon rains. The shrinking of the glacier is not only bad for the
Ganges, but for much of Asia which depends upon it as a fresh water
In 1985, the Indian government set up the Ganga Action Plan in order to build
sewage treatment facilities. The government also has scientists and
climatologists working to determine what can be done about the glacial
recession of the Ghaumukh.
Damage to Religion
To Hindus, the Ganges is not only a source of life, but it is also a portal
into the next life and beyond. At the rate pollution and climate change are
negatively affecting the river, there is a chance that in as soon as 20 years,
there may be no river left to worship. Pollution and climate change in India is
on the verge of destroying thousands of years of cultural history and religious
But as one Hindu worshipper praying on the banks of the river in Varanasi
stated, "I have absolute faith that my river can and will heal." In the case of
the Ganges, faith alone is likely not enough.
Rice Bowl of Andhra Pradesh in Peril
by V.
K. Joshi (Bijji)
Rivers and sea coasts have been a weakness for humans.
Fertile soils, easy access to water or seafaring have always lured the mankind
to these places. When it comes to nature's fury, water is perhaps one of the
best agents the nature has. Populations settled along the water bodies have
been facing the ire of the nature since times immemorial. Many a civilizations
have proliferated along the coasts and perished too, as a consequence of
natural hazards. Despite this knowledge our love of water remains unabated and
in today's story we will read about the peril being faced by the farmers on the
coasts of Andhra Pradesh due to environmental hazards.
Rapidly multiplying population of the Indian subcontinent
has put a tremendous pressure on the resources and environment. Each area has
its characteristic problem in terms of environmental degradation. The fertile
area between the Godavari and Krishna rivers in Andhra Pradesh is known as the
rice bowl of A.P. It is facing the perils of natural and man made environmental
hazards. In order to understand the gravity of situation, it is essential to
know something about the geography and geomorphology of the area.
The coastal belt of Andhra Pradesh extends over 1034 Km from Ichchapuram in the
north (border with Orissa) to Pulikat Lake in south (border with Tamilnadu).
Ten districts of Andhra Pradesh, viz. Srikakulam, Vizianagaram, Visakhapatnam,
West Godavari, East Godavari, Krishna, Guntur, Prakasam, Nellore and Chitoor
fall in the arcuate coastal tract. They cover an area of 20,000 Sq. Km. The
width of the coast varies from less than five kilometers to 80 km. The ground
rises westward, ultimately leading to the Eastern Ghats. The coastal plain is
widest in parts of Guntur, Krishna, East Godavari and West Godavari districts.
Godavari and Krishna rivers form major deltas. The area between the two major
rivers is traversed by the distributaries of these river systems. Kolleru on
the north and Pulikat on the south are the two major lakes. These are in fact
remnants of earlier lagoons. Kolleru is a fresh water lake and Pulikat Lake's
water is saline. The fertile fields end up towards east and are taken over by
several lagoons, mangrove swamps and salt marsh. The coast is narrow and rocky
in Srikakulam'Uppada area. The deltas of Krishna and Godavari project 37 and 35
km respectively from the coast.
The maritime districts of Andhra Pradesh represent a unique environment as they
fall in the interface between the marine and river borne environment. During
the months of October and November each year cyclones play havoc on these
districts. The cyclonic storms bring in flash floods in their wake thus
doubling the misery and hardship. The sea offers plenty of vocation like
fishing to the residents of the coasts. The cyclones shatter their lives.
The knowledge and interpretation of geomorphology and geology of any area plays
a vital role in assessing the nature and extent of damage caused by the nature
over a period of time. While attempting to work out the details of the natural
damage through the millennia the earth scientist works like a forensic expert.
Geological Survey of India (GSI) has extensively worked on the coastal geology
in Andhra Pradesh. Their studies published recently have lucidly brought out
the environmental hazards the fertile coasts are facing and their remedy too.
The seacoast of Andhra Pradesh as already mentioned is quite wide. Ground rises
gradually from zero level at the sea to almost 180 meters westwards. The marks
of earlier shoreline on the ground, called strand lines, indicate that the sea
has been receding there. The sea-level was at least 18 meters higher than where
it is today at the deltas of Krishna, Godavari, Penner and Eleru rivers. This
is confirmed by dating the age of the marine sediments found at higher
elevations than the present shoreline. These sediments are more than 6500 years
old. The marine and fluviatile landforms respond differently to natural
agencies. Landforms like tidal flat, salt flat; mangrove swamps etc are more
prone to flood hazards. In case a mantle of clay is present in these landforms,
it holds water. Thus results water logging in the post flood period.
Canals, and drains in this area are often encroached by humans and the flow of
water is restricted. Rainy season complicates the situation and a huge tract
gets water logged. Chebrolu'Garikepalem stretch is one of the examples.
Similarly in Bhadrachalam area in Godavari valley a number of canals and
smaller streams are choked due to growth of weeds and continuous silting. Come
monsoon and the beautiful looking streams or canals become menacing for the
population. A better management, regular cleaning and dredging of all waterways
can ease the situation considerably
Saltwater incursion is another hazard felt by the population of the coasts.
Mostly it is due to ignorance of people and negligence of authorities.
Excessive withdrawal of fresh water from the underground resource causes salt
water to creep in. Being heavier it settles down and then it is almost
impossible to remove. Instead of growing Paddy, people have taken to Prawn
farming in the area. The latter involves less labor and gives more profit.
Naturally society is attracted towards such recourse. The saline water required
for Prawn tanks is handy. It is said ignorance is bliss. What the farmers do
not realize is this seawater once brought inland for Prawn farms percolates to
subsurface. They start blaming the Government for not doing anything about the
salinity in their drinking water. Unless regulated, this practice can lead to
large areas turning saline. The salinity does not remain subsurface. By
capillary action the salts travel to surface and render the fertile areas
Erosion of the coasts is yet another hazard faced by the population residing
along Visakhapatnam coast. Unlike Godavari' Krishna segment, here the coast is
rocky. There are engineering solutions to this problem. Construction of jetties,
seawalls, breakers etc can control the process considerably. Erosion has to be
controlled because the precious land is lost in the process and at times the
habitation is also endangered.
Compared to other states Andhra Pradesh is developing fast. A number of
industries like sugar mill, rice and paper mill saw mills etc have come up in
the coastal districts. The indiscriminate discharge of effluents, wastes etc
has added to the woes of the pollution along the coasts and at several places
even the free flow of the streams is hampered by the muck. Only a serious
effort by the authorities concerned can check the malpractice. The ash dumps of
Visakhapatnam Thermal Station at the apex of Krishna delta are turning the
delta hazardous. Department of Science and Technology, Government of India has
already developed the technique of making bricks from fly ash. The progressive
state of Andhra Pradesh should adopt the new technology and convert the waste
ash to gold (bricks).
Despite cyclones the granary of Andhra Pradesh has all the scope to develop in
to one of the best in the Country. The norms laid by the Coastal Regulation
Zone Authorities for development of such zones needs to be strictly followed.
It is high time that scientists, engineers and the society of the coastal
districts join hands for conserving the ecosystem and achieve sustainable
development of the Rice Bowl of Andhra.
Jhelum River source in peril: Wullar Lake drying up fast
By Iftikhar Gilani
NEW DELHI: As India and Pakistan begin talks on the Wullar Barrage/Tulbal
navigation lock issue, the last item on the table in the four rounds of
composite dialogue, here on Thursday, they are still to find time to actually
discuss the health of Wullar Lake, the main source of water to Jhelum River and
a lifeline for the Punjab and Sindh plains downstream.
Experts in both Srinagar and New Delhi have constantly warned in the last few
years that the lake, which is Asia's largest freshwater reservoir, is fast
drying up. They believe that the lake has already entered the eutrophic stage,
the process that stimulates the growth of aquatic plants resulting in the
depletion of dissolved oxygen.
Quite recently, while Pakistan had expressed concern at the rising pollution
levels in the Jhelum River, it has still to make conservation of Wullar Lake an
issue, which is the main source of water for Mangla Dam. Experts say it is time
both countries combine their efforts to conserve the crucial reservoir.
Of late, although the Jammu and Kashmir government has decided to constitute a
separate development authority for Wullar Lake, India's official focus still
remains the picturesque Dal Lake in Srinagar.
Despite declaring Wullar Lake a 'Wetland of International Importance' in the
Ramsar Convention in 1990, official agencies still lack proper data concerning
the water body. Different figures are doled out about the elliptical lake,
which is said to be 16x7.6 kilometres. While the Wetland Directory, published
by the Indian government, puts the lake's area at 189 sq km, Survey of India
maps reduce it to 58.7 sq km.
Indian Water Resources Minister Prof Saifuddin Soz, who had led a campaign to
save the lake, says it has shrunk from its earlier area of 200 sq km to barely
24 sq km now.
Claiming that they have made calculations on the basis of satellite imagery, a
senior functionary in the Jammu and Kashmir Directorate of Environment and
Remote Sensing (DEARS) said, "We found out that the lake has shrunk from 202 sq
km to 65 sq km, of which an area of 30 sq km has massive vegetation."
The International Water Management Institute (IWMI) has also recently raised
the alarm, saying that sewage disposal, weed infestation, sedimentation and
excessive willow plantation have badly damaged the lake.
Demanding that more funds be allocated to the preservation of the lake, a joint
IWMI-Tata Water Policy Programme report claims that its research has found that
the lake gives benefits worth Rs 2.19 billion every year. Moreover, the
population of about 60,000 villagers around the lake are solely dependent on it
for their living.
The report says that municipalities of adjoining towns dump garbage on the
banks of the lake. Jhelum, Kashmir's main river, drains the entire south and
central Kashmir and enters the lake on the eastern side at Bonyari, after
completing a 140km journey from Verinag springs in southern Kashmir, and dumps
silt into it.
A dozen other rivulets of northern Kashmir also add tones of organic and
inorganic wastes to the lake every day.
Moreover, the Indian navy's only outpost of Marine Commandos, an elite security
force unit, is located at the lake for counter-insurgency operations. The
Marine Commandos were deployed to Wullar Lake under Operation Rakshak in 1995.
Save Kosi river corridor, save tigers: WWF
IANS Mar 18, 2012, 08.13PM IST
NEW DELHI: Highlighting the importance of the Kosi river
corridor in the Corbett tiger reserve in Uttarakhand, the World
Wildlife Fund (WWF) said Sunday that the crucial pathway is facing a threat
from upcoming resorts and hotels.
Recent photos taken in the corridor, situated in the Terai
Arc Landscape (TAL) at the heart of which lies the Corbett tiger reserve, have
shown as many as 13 tigers using the pathway.
In one of the photos, a tigress with her two sub-adult cubs
was camera trapped in west Terai feeding on a domestic cow.
"In January 2012, the same tigress was photographed
carrying an approximately one-month-old cub in her mouth, further south in the
Kosi corridor," said Meraj Anwar, Senior Project Officer, WWF.
"The sighting comes a few weeks after the first photo
of a tiger crossing the corridor," he added.
However, an ever increasing number of resorts to cater to
tourists is threatening the tigers with an increase in the number of conflicts
between the big cat and humans.
"Ramnagar forest division has witnessed increased
human-animal conflict over the years owing to human movement in forests and the
expansion of tourism in the area, particularly the tourist resorts that have
sprung up here in the recent past," said K.D. Kandpal, Landscape
Coordinator, TAL.
"If unchecked, the resorts mushrooming in the area will
choke the corridor and block the free movement of tigers through it. If the
tiger in India is to be saved for posterity, the Kosi River tiger corridor
needs to be protected at all costs," he added.
New Delhi, July 9, 2012
The Hindu
NALSA to move SC against sand mining
J. Venkatesan
The National Legal Services Authority will file a social
justice litigation petition in the Supreme Court for protection of rivers from
sand mining operations.
The decision was taken at a meeting held here on Saturday
under the chairmanship of Justice Altamas Kabir of the Supreme Court and NALSA
executive chairman.
According to NALSA member-secretary U. Saratchandran,
"Rivers are the important lifelines for water requirements of riparian lands
and also for the watershed areas of such rivers. Environmental scientists say
that due to sand mining, the river bed goes deep and that the capacity of water
to dissipate to riparian lands is diminishing, resulting in drought on either
side of the rivers. Deepening of the rivers results in landslides also."
Call for policy
He said: "Due to the rapid growth of construction
activities, the need for river sand has increased. As a result, the 'sand
mafia' has become avaricious and tends to flout the court orders and the local
laws. Police and politicians also collude with them. Taking into account the
needs of the construction industry and the need to protect the rivers in our
country, a policy needs to be framed, in tune with the principles of
sustainable development, for regulating sand mining activities in a sustainable
manner, meeting the needs of the present generation, without endangering the
opportunities of the future generation to enjoy the natural resources."
He said the petition would be taken up by the Green Bench,
which deals with the pending environmental litigation Godavarman Thirumulpad
vs. Union of India.
NALSA decided to utilise the services of students of law
universities and law colleges to monitor environmental issues including sand
mining, and plans to make a request to the Supreme Court to this effect.
Social justice mandate
Under Section 4(d) of the Legal Services Authorities Act,
1987, NALSA has the mandate for initiating social justice litigation for protection
of environment and the rights of the weaker sections, consumer protection, etc.
It filed a social justice litigation petition to protect the
rights of Vrindavan widows. The Supreme Court has already passed orders
constituting a committee to conduct an enumeration so that the widows will
benefit from different laws and government schemes.
NALSA is about to file a writ petition to protect the legal
rights of the transgender community.
July 1, 2012 The
Unearthing the excesses
Bharat Dogra
Unbridled sand mining in many parts of the country can have
grave repercussions
While small-scale extraction of sand by villagers for local
use had never posed any problem, excessive extraction of sand and silica sand
using heavy machinery and huge trucks has become a big ecological and safety
threat in many parts of the country.
This issue has been highlighted recently in the context of
the movements against excessive sand extraction from the Ganga in Uttarakhand
and also the public interest litigation against violation of mining laws in
huge silica sand mines in Shankargarh, which lies in the Allahabad district of
Uttar Pradesh.
What is particularly alarming is the threat to the very
survival of several rivers due to excessive sand mining. As heavy machines dig
deep into these rivers to extract sand from as deep as possible, all forms of
river-life are highly affected. Porous sand is capable of absorbing a lot of
water and releasing it gradually. With the heavy removal of sand from rivers
and river-banks, the possibility of the drying up of rivers or being reduced to
a trickle in dry seasons increases significantly. Water table in adjoining
villages may also fall drastically. This possibility increases if groundwater
in villages is drawn towards the deeper river-bed.
Excessive sand-mining can also lead to many adjoining fields
getting submerged or eroded by river water and the river can change its course
too. A lot of mining rubble is often deposited in the near-by fields. Trucks
overloaded with sand damage riverside farming while rushing to and from rivers.
The possibility of floods is increased as heavy rainy season flows are no
longer absorbed by sand. The water rushes towards the settlements following the
new paths created by trucks and machines.
In these areas, the village roads and the bigger roads get
badly damaged by overloaded trucks, bringing a sharp increase in the number of
road accidents. In places like Bundelkhand, sand mafias are known to be
well-armed with strong political connections at higher levels such that the
villagers are scared to oppose their destructive activities. Shankargarh area
of Allahabad district is widely known as the biggest supplier of silica sand to
the glass industry. In an inspection made by Director of Mines Safety,
Varanasi, in August 2011 in silica sand mines of six villages of Shankargarh,
glaring violations of mining rules were noticed. Unqualified persons without
any duly qualified blaster were given the task of blasting, thus endangering
the life and safety of persons employed in the mine.
The inspection report of the Mining Safety Directorate noted
further that the sides of the opencast workings in all the above-mentioned six
mines were not kept benched or sloped, and stood near vertical over a height of
6m-10m. Loose boulders were allowed to remain within 3m of the top edges of
opencast workings. Undercuts and overhangs were also observed on sides of
opencast workings. Mines in Gadwa and Parvezabad were being worked by
deployment of heavy earth moving machinery, without obtaining any permission
from this Directorate.
At none of these mines was the top of the opencast working
kept fenced. Out-of-use pits had also not been backfilled. Protective footwear
and helmets were not provided to workers in any of the mines. Employment and
attendance records of persons employed in the mines, including in
washing/beneficiation plants were not maintained. Furthermore, this report also
noted that proper facilities of drinking water, first aid, ambulance and rest
shelters were not provided anywhere.
Pointing out glaring violation of rules, this report said
that quarterly and annual returns of the mines were not being submitted to the
Safety Directorate. None of the mines were placed under the sole charge of a
manager, holding qualifications as prescribed by these regulations.
Much earlier, a team of the National Human Rights
Commission, of which the writer was a member, had also drawn attention to the violation
of rules and norms in these and other mines of this area. Several of the recent
violations of rules have received public exposure due to the use of RTI and
public interest cases filed by a small voluntary organisation named Jagriti
Sansthaan. Its activists faced a serious threat to their lives while trying to
reveal various irregularities committed by silica sand miners. Clearly, there
is a much greater need for vigilance.


text:
Now that we know Jennifer Lawrence has been cast as heroine Katniss Everdeen, (thanks for the over 43,000 fan votes in our Hunger Games Cast-O-Rama) our attention can be turn to something all fans can agree on: the movie needs a poster! Below are fan created poster choices from three of the leading Hunger Games fan sites. The first three were the most popular, the remaining nine represent the broad range of the hundreds available online.
Thanks to Hunger Games Trilogy, Hunger-Games and Down With The Capitol for all their hard work.
Note: You can click on each poster to see a larger view.
Common Choices
Pros: Use of images to represent the Hunger Games, Capitol & Katniss.
Cons: No focal point in the poster that will make it unforgettable.
Verdict: You can relate to this poster - if you read the book.
Pros: Mockingjay symbol, the main tagline, hint at dystopian world and the symbolic arrows makes up for the idyllic Hunger Games poster.
Cons: All of the text could be different font, or a bit sharper.
Verdict: Keeper! Put this up outside any theatre and it's sure to draw audience.
Pros: We love the use of arrows in the poster. We also love the muted tones and the incorporation of fire and the mockingjay pin.
Cons: We'd love to see an actress in the center with arrows on her back. The font is pretty basic and would love to see a stronger tagline.
Verdict: Unique and beautiful, encompassing important aspects of the story, without giving anything away. Quite intriguing!
Poster by: Romy
Pros: It's a well-detailed poster, definitely reminds you of the girl on fire.
Cons: Needs the actual release date of the movie.
Verdict: The background and Jessica Stroup's stare makes it a convincing movie poster!
Pros: Dark and intense. Very Hunger Games-ish feel. Katniss looks as she is-strong and sturdy.
Cons: The info text is too narrow.
Verdict: Definitely a keeper. It's Katniss's story after all!
Pros: It's simple, yet deadly. Love the contrast between the woods and the Capitol and the girl is fierce.
Cons: The graphics look off with the tree and city cutting into the girls body. We wonder about the torch. Why not a bow and arrow?
Verdict: Powerful, yet much could be improved upon.
Poster by: AnaB
Pros: Kaya Scodelario looks Katniss-y in this illustrative poster. The background is a good depiction of the Hunger Games arena.
Cons: What if they cast another actress to play Katniss?
Verdict: Fans rooting for Kaya Scodelario to play Katniss will love it.
Pros: This works well with the caption and has little details like the mutts.
Cons: The 'the' of Hunger Games makes no sense. The weapon is so wrong.
Verdict: The studio could learn not to go wrong with Katniss's trademark attire.
Pros: Kaya looks fierce as Katniss! Lots going on to attract attention; fire, earth and water.
Cons: She shouldn't be holding a knife, she needs a bow and arrow. Not a huge fan of the tagline, and we wish the film was releasing this August!
Verdict: Great visualizations, if only Katniss was firing up a bow instead of grasping a knife!
Poster by: skellingt0n
Hunger Games Trilogy
Pros: This garnered the most votes in the HungerGamesTrilogy.net poster-making contest. The phrase "Viewing is Mandatory" is really catchy and reminds the book fans of how controlling The Capitol is.
Cons: It does not give any glimpse of what the movie is about.
Verdict: Very original! This is an effective teaser. Moviegoers who are not aware of the book series will be equally intrigued.
Poster by: Amy
Pros: The Mockingjay pin says it all. Even from afar, fans will recognize that this is a Hunger Games movie poster.
Cons: It may not spark the interest of those who haven't heard of the book.
Verdict: Simple yet sharp looking! It's enough to grab one's attention.
Poster by: Daniel
Pros: Hailee Steinfield is a popular fan favorite to play Katniss.
Cons: Those who think that Hailee is not right for the role won't like it.
Verdict: Supporters of "Hailee for Katniss" will give this poster two thumbs up.
Poster by: SaveMe620
Pros: The caption is catchy and showing the hint of so many people involved definitely intrigues. Katniss looks desolate, yet determined.
Cons: The 'Lionsgate associates...' texts is oddly placed. The colors could be sharper. There's too much detail for just one poster.
Verdict: For someone in the know of the entire trilogy, this gets a thumbs-up.
Poster by: ZoeyRedbird08
Pros: Peeta Mellark! Katniss and Peeta looking away from each other gives a sense of conflicted intimacy and a foreboding. Amazing graphics.
Cons: No suggestion of a dystopian world or the actual issue. Looks more like just a romantic tale. Also, what's the little Scholastic logo doing there?
Verdict: Peeta. Of course this is a keeper!
Poster by: causticammo
Pros: Katniss with a burning background. Mockingjay symbol.
Cons: Katniss is a bit too air-brushed and healthy. Nothing to suggest what the movie is actually about.
Verdict: Could give the a-bit-too-plain poster a miss.
Poster by: zahityavuz
Down With The Capitol
Pros: Could be used as a promotional poster. Great graphics and loved the aged look to it.
Cons: Too simplistic to the naked eye and needs the film's title on it. If someone looked at it and hadn't read the books, they wouldn't know what movie this was promoting. And of course the year needs to be changed; we wish the film was coming out this year!
Verdict: Add the title of the film and the lead actor's names when cast and this would be a perfect one sheet for early promotion of the film.
Poster by: Lina6y
Pros: The girl captures the fierceness that Katniss has. The catch-phrase "You Are Not Prepared" is perfect for the games and what the tributes have to go through. Not to mention that those who haven't read the books will not be at all prepared for what they will see!
Cons: The close up on the face reminds us the cover of the Stephenie Meyer novel The Host. We would love to see the Mockingjay pin on there somewhere, since it is basically the symbol of the Hunger Games.
Verdict: With the "real" Katniss on here, this could be a stunning poster!
Poster by: Hesavampire
Pros: We LOVE the tagline on this poster! It's also very unique since it includes the other tributes as well. The graphics and font are great and it seems like a perfect way to pique the interest of the male audience as well.
Cons: The one thing we found off with the poster was the skulls and infected zone sign. We aren't sure how those fit in with the Hunger Games, maybe more so for Mockingjay?
Verdict: Love this poster, and when the real Katniss and tributes are cast, we think Lionsgate should make an exact copy of it. Okay well skip the skulls for the official one.
Poster by: tinderbox210


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Warning: Some Poplars are Real Problems
You know how I've been saying that this is a great time of year to plant trees? Well, I should add that not all trees should be planted. Pestiferous Darci in DC emails that she planted a "hybrid poplar "in 2008, and two similar saplings have shot up nearby, one right through her deck! She wants to know if cutting the little trees down will adversely affect the main tree.
Ha! You should be so lucky, Darci! Many species of poplar
are notorious for having aggressive root systems that
attack pipes and paving, and for 'suckering'; that is,
sending up these kinds of adventurous shoots. And those
shoots will keep on coming, even after you cut the main
tree down. I'd remove the entire mess—main tree, little
trees and all the roots—before you have even bigger
Research Trees BEFORE You Plant Them
Darci's sad tale of the young poplar she planted that's
sending up unwanted shoots all over the place illustrates
what can happen when you fall for the wrong kind of tree.
You should always research the habits—good and bad—of
specific trees before you buy.
Poplars are notorious for causing problems with
adventurous root systems, as are willows and locust trees.
And fast growing, inexpensive trees like the Bradford pear
are despised for having extremely weak branches that seem
to just be waiting for the first weather event to shatter.
High-quality, well-behaved trees are a great investment,
and they're often a bargain at this time of year. But a
cheap tree is just that; a bad investment that will cause
you all kinds of headaches for years to come.
Leaf Mulch? Its All Around If You Could But See!
Ken in Jessup, Maryland writes: "Heard you talking about
leaf mulch. I've never seen it. Where can I get some? I
need it for six roses and six azaleas. Garden centers
don't seem to know anything about non-wood mulch."
That's not surprising, Ken. Despite its capacity to damage
homes and cars with mold spores (especially artillery
fungus) and kill nearby plants, wood mulch is heavily
marketed and highly profitable. It's a great example of
"everybody does it and everybody who does it is wrong".
Shredded leaf mulch causes no nuisance mold problems,
feeds and protects plants and prevents weeds just as well
as nasty chipped wood. But you don't buy it—you make it!
Get an inexpensive blower vac, suck up all the leaves on
your property and then use the shredded result to mulch
your plants.
Think Before You Mulch
In our last thrilling episode, Ken asked where to find my
recommended leaf mulch for his azaleas and roses. The
answer, of course, is all around; leaf mulch is free for
the shredding!
But I'm concerned about his basic request, and the growing
tendency for people to mulch their landscapes to death.
Newly planted trees and shrubs can benefit from a mulch of
an inch or two of well-shredded leaves to prevent their
roots heaving out of the soil over winter—but established
plants don't need any mulch.
And no plant needs wood mulch or these ridiculous blankies
of mulch wrapped around their base. Such "protection" is
actually an invitation for mice and voles to gnaw away at
the bark and for rot and disease to destroy the plant.
If you have mulch touching any of your plants, move it
back now—so that there's at least a few inches of open
area all around the trunk or stem of the plants.
Make 'Black Friday' a Black GOLD Friday!
It's almost Turkey Time! And if you have that nice long
weekend off coming up, consider using some of the time to
claim Nature's finest resource for your landscape. The
leaves that fall from our trees are filled with the
perfect blend of minerals and nutrients to make and keep
your plants healthy; either in the form of shredded leaf
mulch or compost made from those fall leaves.
Just shred the leaves up with a blower/vac on its reverse
setting and use them as mulch. (Don't touch the plants
with mulch; start a few inches away from the trunk.)
Or store your shredded leaves in bags for mulching time
next Spring.
If you stack them up in a big open pile or bin outdoors,
shredded leaves alone will eventually become compost.
But if you mix in lots of spent coffee grounds as you go,
they'll become high-quality black gold by next Spring.
Either way, compost and shredded leaves are better mulches
than wood, safer than wood—and they're free!
(Copyright 2010 by WTOP. All Rights Reserved.)
Memorial Day weekend events from around the nation, and the D.C. area, captured in photos.


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Fotodiox DSLR adaptor -> T-Ring -> focal reducer -> micro focuser adapter.
So as you can imagine, the DSLR camera would hook up at the left, and then tighten in to the microfocuser on the right.
I've tried searching for fotodiox filter threads but so far have come up short. Any suggestions?


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Candy Rose 'Prestol' by Rylsky
Beautiful, sexy girl! Gorgeous, creative photography! Thank you, Candy Rose and Rylsky, for giving me the opportunity to write the shortest review in the history of the MetArt blog!
I'm joking, of course. The MetArt erotic photo series "Prestol," thanks to the beauty and talent of its star and the skill and artistry of its creator is more than worthy of close study and thoughtful examination.
My initial impressions were highly favorable, but only after I'd looked at the entire collection was I fully able to appreciate all that it has to offer. There is a lot of variety here, in terms of photographic styles, in terms of poses and compositions, and in terms of moods and emotions. "Prestol" offers a truly rich, complex experience that will hold up over time and which will reward repeat viewings — not something that can be said of every set.
This is the eighth pictorial in Candy's MetArt portfolio, all of which were shot by Rylsky. Candy Rose is a fine physical specimen with a beautiful face and an eye-catching hairstyle consisting of straight-cut bangs that subtly recall legendary photo model Bettie Page. As enticing as she is physically, it's Candy's personality that's so engaging and intriguing in these photos — this is a rich, nuanced, playful, and irresistible performance that covers the full range from demure to decadent with effortless ease. What a beautiful, sexy, and talented girl she is!
Rylsky is in top form here. The room much of the set takes place in is dark, with two different complex wallpaper patterns on adjoining walls, an ornate chair, and subtle, moody lighting. But even when things get crazy — when the chair is placed unsteadily on a bed — it all somehow works. And when the setting changes to softly diffused light and white, artificial flowers, and gauzy curtains, the mood and style is completely different yet somehow it remains a logical part of a totally satisfying whole. Rather than listing a few of my favorites I suggest you take a leisurely look at "Prestol" and pick your own. That's no easy task with so many fine images to chose from, but it's very enjoyable work!
Her profile: Candy Rose
Preview Gallery: Prestol


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[UPDATE] 11-19 -- 1:25pm
Shannon Chihuahua will be brought into Tallahassee on Sunday, November 21, and will arrive in Thomasville around 11am.
People will be lining the streets for his solemn return home.
Visitation for Shannon Chihuahua will be next Friday, the 26th, at Allen & Allen Funeral Home from 6-8pm. The funeral will be the following Saturday, the 27th, at First Baptist Church at 1 o'clock.
Stay with WCTV.tv for details
The body of a brave soldier killed in combat last week will arrive home by Thanksgiving.
Family members of United States Army Specialist and Thomasville resident 25-year-old Shannon Chihuahua say his body should be arriving in Thomasville one week from Wednesday. They say funeral plans will be made for the following weekend.
Chihuahua was a Combat Medic who was killed in Afghanistan last week while helping another soldier. His body will be taken to Allen and Allen Funeral Home.
UPDATED -- 5:15 p.m.
The Thomas County community is coming together once again this year to support a brave soldier killed in the line of duty.
The Department of Defense says Thomasville native Army Specialist 25-year-old Shannon Chihuahua died Friday in Kunar Province, Afghanistan.
Now, Chihuahua's hometown along with the Patriot Guard Riders are preparing to escort the fallen soldier from Tallahassee Regional Airport back home.
The D.O.D says the Combat Medic was killed while helping another soldier. His body will be taken to Allen and Allen funeral home.
Community members say they will have a flag parade set for the fallen hero, although officials have not released exactly when the soldier's body will arrive.
UPDATED 5:30 p.m.
Tragedy hits Thomasville again- a second solider dies in the line of duty in less than three months.
25-year-old Army medic Shannon Chihuahua died Friday night in the Kunar Province of Afghanistan while supporting Operation Enduring Freedom.
The Department of Defense says he died from wounds suffered when insurgents attacked his unit using small arms fire and rocket propelled grenades. He was assigned to the 1st Battalion, 327th Infantry Regiment, 1st Brigade Combat Team, 101st Airborne Division (Air Assault), Fort Campbell, Ky.
Chihuahua lost his life while helping another solider. And on Monday, faculty, staff and students from his high school Alma Mater, Thomas County Central High School, mourned the loss of a truly great person.
"Immediately flashed back to all those years ago when Shannon was in my class and I was just overwhelmed with so much emotion because he's a dad and he's got children and he's fighting for our country," his former American Government teacher Leigh Barwick remembers a student with a passion for life.
"Shannon loved life. He was a lot of fun, very unpredictable in class. I just remember Shannon working hard and being respectful."
And his former English Teacher remembers when Chihuahua first told him he was joining the military.
"He stopped by and talked to us for a minute and said that he was joining the service and gave him a hand shake. Wished him well, you do that and it doesn't hit home that they might not come back," Jamie Thompson recalls.
Chihuahua was devoted to his country until the end...but the legacy of this brave solider will never be forgotten.
"Shannon will be somebody I will always remember. He'll be a vivid face that I'll have for memorial day and i'll always think of him and the sacrifice he made," Thompson said.
We're told his remains will be taken to Allen and Allen Funeral Home in Thomasville.
In September, Petty Officer Blake McLendon, also from Thomasville, died in Afghanistan when the helicopter he was in crashed.
His awards and decorations include: Army Commendation Medal; Army Achievement Medal; National Defense Service Medal; Afghanistan Campaign Medal; Global War on Terrorism Service Medal; Army Service Ribbon; NATO Medal; and Combat Medic Badge.
Chihuahua is survived by his wife, Kristen Chihuahua and daughters, Sophia Chihuahua and Annabelle Chihuahua of Thomasville Ga.; mother, Dennice Dinkins of Thomasville, Ga. and father, Sebastian Chihuahua of Del Rio, Texas.
The U.S. Army confirmed Specialist Shannon "Chanen" Chihuahua died in Afghanistan last week while supporting Operation Enduring Freedom.
A military release states that Thomasville, Georgia was Chihuahua's hometown. Chihuahua was a medic in the 101st Airborne.
Chihuahua's body returned to the United States at Dover Air Force Base on Sunday, November 14th at 12:55 p.m.
Chihuahua graduated from Thomas County Central High School in 2004.
We'll bring you more information as it becomes available.


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Jordan Chittley, CTVNews.ca Writer
Storified by KevinNewmanLive· Mon, Feb 24 2014 13:10:58
A protester wearing an EU flag stands at Ukrainian President Yanukovych's countryside residence in Mezhyhirya, Kiev's region, Ukraine, Saturday, Feb, 22, 2014. (AP /Andrew Lubimov)
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Integration of the Republic of Belarus in world economy, stirring up of foreign-economic activity, promotion of Belarusian products to international market and the tasks of social and economic development of the country have stipulated the necessity for technical legislation modification.
The Law of the Republic of Belarus «On technical regulation and standardization» adopted in 2004, is based on the provisions of the WTO Agreements and takes into account aspects of the systems of technical regulation and standardization of Russia, Ukraine, other countries and the European Union as well.
In the works on standardization in Belarus the systems approach is used which is implemented on the basis of annual plans of state standardization covering all sectors of industry, agriculture and services.
For the complex solution of tasks on improvement of products technical level, quality and competitiveness by methods of standardization in priority sectors of economy a set of target programmes for standardization in the forestry, energy efficiency, construction is approved. State authorities, scientific and research institutes and enterprises of Belarus take part in implementation of these programmes.
Annually more than 500 governmental standards are approved in Belarus. It ensures necessary replenishment and maintenance in updated state of operating fund of governmental standards which includes more than 22 thousand of documents. The level of governmental standards harmonization with international ones is 60%.


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Virus Scanning in GroupWise
By Claudia Lynch, Benchmarks Online Editor
According to Andrew McGregor, the "Tips on GroupWise" guy, and Jason Myre of the CWN Messaging Support Group, a new virus scanning E-mail server has been implemented for GroupWise. Called Iatro (pronounced ya-tro -- the Greek word for doctor), it is currently checking all incoming E-mail destined for GroupWise mailboxes. All outgoing GroupWise E-mail is also being scanned. According to the CWN folks, this is necessary because of the unique way GroupWise encrypts its E-mail and handles attachments.
How can you tell your mail is being scanned by Iatro?
If your mail is being scanned, you will notice an additional hop in the mime header. For example:
What if a virus is found?
If Iatro finds an infected E-mail message, it will not route it, but rather send a notification to both the sender and recipient (Note: An intended UNT recipient will not be notified if the sender's address is also from UNT). Below is an example of the notification message that the sender receives:
Similarly, if someone attempts to send you an infected message, you will receive something like this:
Finally, here is the message you will receive if you attempt to send an infected file, via the Internet, to someone else on campus:
No more virus worries then, right?
Although this adds another layer of protection to the University's network, Iatro is not the be-all and end-all solution. It will not intercept viruses that are propagated by removable media or from downloading files from the Internet. Iatro only scans E-mail that comes in from or goes out to the Internet. Internal GroupWise mail is not scanned. You are urged to continue to run virus detection programs and maintain up-to-date virus signature files on your machine (this should be done automatically, see your network manager for more details).


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Here's an old gem that came in for some serious love. It was in generally good overall condition but wasn't playing a...read now
I've said it many times that I don't do re-frets lightly but this one really needed it. I also don't believe in hav...read now
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January 28, 2011 •
Local News •
rdronline2 •
Comments (0)
Lawmakers across the state introduced about 40 education-related bills after the Legislature convened in Santa Fe last week. Issues range from school lunch nutrition, grade promotions and moratoriums on building new schools. Here is a breakdown of Senate...
Construction crews work on building a new addition to Sunset Elementary School, Thursday. (Mark Wilson Photo) School officials say they hope construction on Sunset Elementary School will be completed this fall, though opinions differ on whether it will be...
Antonio Tavizon of the Fishel Company rolls out fiber optic cable for cell phone towers at the corner of South Main Street and Ryan Road, Tuesday morning. (Mark Wilson Photo)...
Joe Maner, 40, was arrested on 37 counts of passing worthless checks, written during a period from July 15, 2007, through Aug. 7, 2007. "In three weeks, he managed to write 37 worthless checks over $25. The largest was $402.93,†said Erica...
The father of a local lawmaker and business owner died Thursday of health complications following a battle with cancer. Roland Basmeson, 80, was father to Nora Espinoza, a Roswell Republican serving in the state House of Representatives. "He was just a...
Gov. Susana Martinez is greeted by the entire student body at East Grand Plains Elementary School, Thursday morning during a brief visit to Roswell. (Mark Wilson Photo) A group of Roswell kindergarten students took a break from their regular coursework...
January 28, 2011 •
Cartoons •
rdronline2 •
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NEW DELHI: Supreme Infrastructure India today posted 44 per cent rise in net profit at Rs 35.92 crore for the third quarter ended December 2012 on the back of increase in revenues.
The infrastructure company had recorded a net profit of Rs 25.01 crore in the year-ago period.
The company reported a rise in total income by 34.03 per cent to Rs 550.28 crore for the period ended December 2012 as compared to Rs 410.58 crore for the corresponding period of the previous year, it said in a statement.


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Indiana's 1:1 map is a self-reported map of our school districts with 1:1 implementations. Put your district on the map, and connect with other technology leaders.
The Speak Up National Research Project provides participating schools, districts and non-profit organizations with a suite of online surveys and reports to collect authentic feedback from students, educators and parents. Indiana surveys made up nearly 10% of the national data for each group.
2015 Speak Up Promo Materials
Click here for Indiana's Speak Up Survey Reports
The Indiana Department of Education supports the implementation of E-rate by sharing program information and rule changes with Indiana schools, supporting in the E-rate filing process, certifying free and reduced lunch percentages and procuring a statewide Internet service provider. Click here for E-rate information.


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Cervantes de Leon debuted in Soul Blade, but fans of this character were also able to access him in other games of the franchise; such as Soul Calibur, Soul Calibur II, Soul Calibur III, Soul Calibur IV and Soul Calibur: Broken Destiny.
He also appeared in Soul Calibur Legends, as an opponent not as a playable character. In Soul Calibur 5, Cervantes de Leon returns with a new look, moves and attacks.
Who is Cervantes de Leon
Cervantes de Leon is a Spanish man from Valencia who lost his father (a sailor serving the Spanish king); a fact that determinates Cervantes to become a pirate.
With help from Vercci, Voldo's master, Cervantes de Leon accepts to sail in the search of Soul Edge. Cervantes de Leon found pieces of Soul Edge that led him to the cursed sword; but he got insane after he wield it.
Li Long confronted Cervantes de Leon to claim the blade for himself but was defeated. Twenty years after that duel, the pirate terrified all that was standing in his path until Sophitia, Taki, and Siegfried managed to defeat him.
This wasn't Cervantes's end as Nightmare resurrected him. He started over his search for Soul Edge but he had to consume souls in order to withstand the part of Soul Edge that was keeping him alive.
In SoulCalibur III, Cervantes saw how the power within him was vanishing and was informed by Tira that Soul Calibur was responsible for the destruction of the other part of Soul Edge.
Before the events from SoulCalibur IV, Cervantes even looked for his daughter, Ivy to take her soul and become more powerful, but he wasn't able to find her.
At the Ostrheinsburg Castle, Cervantes de Leon tried to take possession over Soul Edge again, but Ivy ruined his plans. He ended up in other dimension only to return in SoulCalibur 5 and try to fulfill his will.
Moves and Attacks
Note: The game was played on Xbox 360
A = Horizontal Attack, B = Vertical Attack, K= Kick, G = Guard.
Soul Calibur 5 Cervantes de Leon Main Moves List (Combo List)
Scissor Wave: ↘A
Wild Storm: B.B.B
Cannonball Lifter: ↘B
Lagging Wave: →→A
Bile Lunges: →→B
Riot Storm: ↘↘ or ↗↗ B
Flash Geo Da Ray: ←B. A+B+K
Curse of the Ancient Mariner: A+G. A+B+K
Cursed Roman Fire: ↓↘→↓↘→ A+B+K
Combo 1: ↘B. ↑B+K. ↘B
Combo 2: ↓A+B. A+B
Combo 3: ↘A+B. B.B.B
Combo 4: ←B. A+B+K. B. ↓
Combo 5: ↓↙← A (guard), (↓↘→↓↘→ A+B+K) x 2
Soul Calibur 5 Cervantes de Leon Edge Attacks List
Cursed Roman Fire: ↓↘→↓↘→ A+B+K
Storm Geo Da Ray: →B. A+B+K
Flash Geo Da Ray: ←B. A+B+K
Gibbering Pressure: ↓↓ or ↑↑ A. A+B+K
Fata Morgana: while rising A+B. A+B+K
Curse of the Ancient Mariner: A+G. A+B+K
Soul Calibur 5 Cervantes de Leon Horizontal Attacks List
Soul Swing: A.A
Pirate`s Cross: A.B
Gentle Wave: →A
Scissor Wave: ↘A
Laser Wave: ↓A
Scissor Lifter: ↙A.B
Finishing Culverin: ↙A (during counter-hit B)
Merciless Wave: ←A
Merciless Needle: ←A.B.B
Laser Wave: while crouching A
Full Sail Anchoring: while rising A.B
Soul Wide Riptide: while jumping A
Aft Soul Wipe: turning around A.B
Sub Laser Wave: while crouching turning around A
Soul Calibur 5 Cervantes de Leon Vertical Attacks List
Wild Storm: B.B.B
Surprise Wave: B.A
Head Snap Kick: B.K
Storm Generate: ↓B
Sail Nautilus: → B.B
Cannonball Lifter: ↘B
Slay Storm: ↓B
Bloody Hilt Kick: ↙B.B
Slay Storm: while crouching B
Devastator: while rising B
Spike Anchor Riptide: while jumping B
Aft Blade Storm: turning around B
Sub Slay Storm: while crouching turning around B
Soul Calibur 5 Cervantes de Leon Kicks List
Anchor Kick: K
Anchor Knee Kick: →K
Anchor Middle Kick ↘K
Anchor Bow Kick: ↓K
Anchor Whirlpool: ↙K
Anchor Steep Kick: ←K.K
Anchor Bow Kick: when crouching K
Anchor Revive Kick: while rising K
Cannon Launch Kick: while jumping K
Aft Anchor Kick: turning around K
Sub Anchor Bow Kick: while crouching turning around K
Soul Calibur 5 Cervantes de Leon Simultaneous Press Moves
Pirate`s Scheme: A+B
Night Raid: → A+B
Shattering Man of War: ↘A+B
Killer X: ↓A+B
Dark Geo Da Ray: ←A+B
Iceberg Circular ~ Dread Charge: ↑ A+B
Flying Dutchman: while rising A+B
Pirate`s Tactics: B+K
Genocial Culverin: → B+K
High Tide Anchoring: ↓B+K (Hold)
Eternal Curse: ↙B+K
Bloody Hoist: ←B+K
Killer X Crawler: ↗B+K
Pressure Astern: ↗ B+K (Hold)
Bloody Culverin: ↑B+K
Tornado Swell: while rising B+K
Pressure Astern: turning around B+K
Soul Calibur 5 Cervantes de Leon 8-Way Run Moves List
Lagging Wave: →→A
Dishonest Wave: ↘↘ or ↗↗ A
Gibbering Torpedo: ↓↓ or ↑↑ A.A
Tornado Slice: ←← or ↙↙ or ↖↖ A
Bile Lunges: →→ B
Riot Storm: ↘↘ or ↗↗ B
Dread Pressure: ↑↑ or ↓↓ B (Hold)
Submerged Harpoon: ↙↙ or ↖↖ B
Bow Breaker: ←← or B
Head Scratch Kick: →→ or ↘↘ or ↗↗ K
Anchor Side Kick: ↓↓ or ↑↑ K
Anchor Swirl Kick: ↖↖ or ↙↙ K
Galleon Sinker: ←←K
Cross Bone Divider: ←← A+B (Hold)
Sliding: after running some distance K
Soul Calibur 5 Cervantes de Leon Special Stance Moves List
Dread Charge: ↓↙←
Geo Da Rey Conclusion: fast input ↓↙←B
Marshal Wave: during Dread Charge A
Geo Da Ray: during Dread Charge B or ↓B or ↑B
Vile Tornado: during Dread Charge K, after K hit B.B
Geo Da Ray: during Dread Charge B+K (Hold)
Dread Dash: during Dread Charge →


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- Differential Diagnosis
- Diseases
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- More
- Try building your search one term at a time, and be as specific as you can! Search term example: "chronic cough".
- Do not enter multiple findings such as "anemia, chronic cough, weight loss, vomiting" all at the same time.
- After selecting your term from the search results a list of possible diagnoses will be generated. If the list is too long, you will be able to narrow it down by entering additional terms.
- Do not enter values such as "heart rhythm 110" or "sodium 125", instead use "tachycardia" or "hyponatremia".
Sign-in (or register) to check out the new features we've just launched!
Possible Causes For Condylomata acuminata/Venereal warts - Causes
Available only to registered users.
- Suggest
- 2 possible causes found
- Infectious Disorders (Specific Agent)
- Condyloma acuminatum, giant
- Condylomata, acuminata/Warts
- Synonyms
- acuminata condyloma, acuminata verruca, AGW Anogenital warts, Anogenital (venereal) warts, Anogenital venereal warts, Anogenital wart, Anogenital warts, Anogenital warts (disorder), Condyloma Accuminata, condyloma acuminata, Condyloma acuminatum, Condyloma acuminatum (disorder), condylomata acuminata, Condylomata acuminatum, Genital wart, Genital Warts, Genital warts (disorder), venereal verruca, Venereal Wart, venereal warts, Verruca acuminata, verruca venereal, wart anogenital, Wart Genital, Wart Venereal, Warts Genital, Warts Venereal
- Definition
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- NGC (National Guideline Clearinghouse)
- Medscape (eMedicine)
- Harrison's Online (accessmedicine)
- NEJM (The New England Journal of Medicine)


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Seeds from plants native to temperate zones possess a remarkable survival mechanism: they require a cold period to germinate, a tactic that occurs naturally in the garden during our winters. This makes evolutionary sense; otherwise, fresh seed would germinate in the autumn, and the young seedlings would succumb to icy blasts. By imitating nature, gardeners can get a jump-start on the season at any time of the year by artificially chilling seeds—a process known as stratification. By spring, gardeners who had germinated seeds indoors will have good-sized transplants rather than a patch of naturally germinated, smaller seedlings. Most commercially available seeds have already been stratified, but those you've collected yourself or obtained through seed exchanges will need this pre-treatment before they will germinate indoors in pots.
How to stratify seeds
Several soilless mixes are suitable for stratifying seeds. Peat moss works especially well for small seeds, but sift it first and use only the fine particles. Once sifted, dampen the moss and add one part horticultural sand or vermiculite to four parts peat moss to improve aeration; for larger seeds, use a mix of half horticultural sand and half vermiculite.
Place a handful of the soilless mix in a small bowl. Make a wide depression in the centre and add as many seeds as desired. Cover with a little more mix, then remove the seeds and mixture from the bowl and gently squeeze out any excess water, but do not compact.
Place the mound into a resealable plastic bag, label with the species' name and the date and leave it in a warm place (the top of a refrigerator, for instance) for three days to allow the seeds to take up water and swell. They're now ready for chilling.
Place the bag in your refrigerator's meat drawer, which is usually the coldest area (about 4 to 5°C is ideal), but make sure the seeds don't freeze. Shake the bag once or twice a week to keep them aerated.
After the required chilling period (see "The big chill"), remove the bag from the refrigerator. Large seeds can be removed and sown five millimetres deep in pots filled with growing medium; cover with seed-starting mix.
Leave small seeds in the soilless compound and sow directly into containers filled with commercial seed-starting mix. Move the pots or flats to a warm, sunny window until ready to be transplanted outdoors in the spring.