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ibm.com Community
OpenPages 6.0: GRC Intelligence Unleashed
Gordon Burnes 270004HVEW firstname.lastname@example.com | | 0 Comments | 303 Visits
Today we announced the availability of OpenPages 6.0. This release represents a significant new phase in the evolution of GRC and provides organizations with the insight needed to drive business outcomes as well as the ability to manage effectively through the changing regulatory environment. We're also excited to have completed the first phase of technical integration with IBM with the release of AIX support.
The GRC market developed out of the tactical, departmental deployment of SOX and other compliance and risk management solutions. Companies realized that they could leverage their control testing and risk assessment activities across multiple different oversight functions by consolidating their risk and compliance efforts on a common technology platform. Indeed, we've seen very strong ROIs for Enterprise GRC platforms, ROIs driven by this efficiency. The next phase in the evolution of GRC is about insight, using the GRC data to help drive business outcomes.


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- Differential Diagnosis
- Diseases
- Drugs
- More
- Try building your search one term at a time, and be as specific as you can! Search term example: "chronic cough".
- Do not enter multiple findings such as "anemia, chronic cough, weight loss, vomiting" all at the same time.
- After selecting your term from the search results a list of possible diagnoses will be generated. If the list is too long, you will be able to narrow it down by entering additional terms.
- Do not enter values such as "heart rhythm 110" or "sodium 125", instead use "tachycardia" or "hyponatremia".
Sign-in (or register) to check out the new features we've just launched!
Differential Diagnosis For Crying induced Temporary Limb Weakness, Activity/Hunting
Available only to registered users.
- Suggest
- 18 possible diagnoses found
- Infectious Disorders (Specific Agent)
- Lyme disease
- Trichinosis
- Leptospirosis/severe (Weils) type
- Ehrlichiosis/Granulocytic Ehrlichiosis
- Leptospiral disease
- Relapsing fever (Borrelia)
- Rocky mountain spotted fever
- Babesiosis
- Tularemia
- Hanta virus/Navaho disease
- Plague, bubonic
- Tularemia meningitis
- Colorado tick fever
- Conjunctivitis, tularemic
- Tularemia pneumonia
- Leptospirosis Ictohemorrhagica
- Hereditary, Familial, Genetic Disorders
- MoyaMoya disease

subset: commoncrawl


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nac uoy daer sdrawkcab?
Thursday, September 26, 2013
ti si nuf ot semitemos tel og dna od sgniht sdrawkcab. ti nac ekat ffo emos fo eht sserts.
reven evig pu. fi uoy evah eht ecneitap ot daer sdrawcab, neht uoy nac evom oot.
I eveileb ni uoy. uoy era regnorts naht uoy kniht.
Now that you have read that, listen to this. You are sitting there wondering what the heck is wrong with this woman? Not sure but it was fun. My friend and I used to do this when we wrote to each other and sometimes it was 3 pages long. One time we wrote in circles, a whole page of one large circle.
I know that getting healthy and losing weight is serious business but you have to have a sense of humor. If you don't every time that scale goes up, you feel down. You can beat that little thing. It isn't human and you are. I know you can make a plan that works for you and stick with it. It is a matter of making it a habit. If you get up and put your food in the tracker, you know what you can have. If you want a treat then you have to work it out with the calories for the day. If you know you are going out then go online and get the menu and have it all planned ahead of time. I know you already know all this...but it never hurts to be reminded.
I have upped my exerexcise this week after almost none in the last two weeks because of those darn shingles. I still have them but the pain is lessening and I need something to take my mind off the itchies.
It is time to get up and quit with the excuses....even if my excuses are pretty good, it feels better to get back to moving.
Did you ever imagine being this way when you were in your teens? We thought we knew everything then and that, when we were ready, we would lose weight. Only thing is the years go fast and you soon find yourself still overweight and older.
Well I am here to say that I am going to move 60 min. a day and make sure that I eat right. What is right? Whatever is in my calorie range. Whatever my body says to eat that is good for me.
So lets get this show on the road and keep moving. Meditate and see yourself as you want to be and how you will be. We are strong and dedicated to making it work. Namaste, Pam
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My SparkPage
The only thing my friends and I did were make gum wrapper chains, we weren't creative enough to write to each other in backwards languages I guess. Circles? OK, as a former high school teacher I can tell you I would have had fun confiscating those! My policy on passing notes in class was, "Don't do it. If I catch you I'll call your house and read your note to your parents." That was a pretty good deterrent but I'm not sure what I would have done with one of those, "translated" it first probably.
Enough about the notes, the message in your blog was clear, even if the beginning wasn't immediately. Do the best that you can every day. Move, eat right and calm yourself. By the way, everything you've been going through for the last few weeks don't count as EXCUSES, they are all valid REASONS. If you try to continue and exercise and not rest adequately when you're that sick all you'll accomplish is taking longer to heal. I'm glad you're finally feeling enough better to start exercising again.
972 days ago
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Sorry, I tried to translate your new language, but I got so many translations that I don't know which was the right one. One of my translations said: "Today I want to dance near a wall to use it as an itchy soother.
Was I all right?
Whatever you decide to do and eat must be Pam's way. It has to fit your unique lifestyle.
yad lufrednow aevah!
976 days ago
Comment edited on: 9/28/2013 1:06:58 AM
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I eveileb ni uoy oot, maP. etsaman.
One of the most valuable exercises I ever had to do in college was sit in a class and try and learn to write backwards and upside down (mirror writing). As we struggled with this, the instructor walked around saying things like "you are holding the pencil wrong. Do it this way." "You're never going to be good at this if you keep doing that." "You're wrong, I'm right."
The purpose was to show us that not everyone learns or does things in the same way, but many different methods can be used to achieve the same end. Just because one person learns differently from another doesn't make either wrong.
sdrawkcab, sdrawrof, od ti revetahw yaw skrow tseb rof uoy dna uoy lliw deeccus.
976 days ago
Comment edited on: 9/27/2013 2:46:49 PM
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That was fun!! I found that the more I read the easier it got.... so too with exercise. I the more you do the easier it gets!! Never give up and glad you are feeling better!!
977 days ago
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glad to hear you feel better . it was fun!
977 days ago
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977 days ago
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!OohooW .!evol ti
977 days ago
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I thought you might be a letter off on the keyboard. You are so right about having a sense of humor. It makes the journey so much easier to travel.
977 days ago
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977 days ago
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taerg golb!
977 days ago
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AT AQUILA SCHOOL IN ST LOUIS PARK 96 chimney swifts were observed. That was
down from over 200+ last year on the same weekend!! Vic Lewis mtka
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Empire State Building Will Get a New Restaurant Next Year
It's going to be on the ground floor, though.
A new, 100-seat restaurant is coming to the Empire State Building, The Wall Street Journal reports, but don't look to the sky: The unnamed white tablecloth restaurant will serve American food on the ground floor and a lower level space inside the landmark. It'll be operated by the Patina Restaurant Group, which owns Brasserie and Cucina & Co., and is set to open at the "end of 2013." [WSJ]


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Consultation on New Experimental Allocation
Posted: Monday, 04 August 2014
ARIN is soliciting community input on a proposed experiment that will require the temporary use of space from 22.214.171.124/10, the IPv4 addresses reserved to facilitate IPv6 deployment. (see NRPM policy 4.10)
There has been much discussion on the NANOG mailing list about the usability / routability of prefixes longer than a /24. In order to try to provide some additional data on this topic, the RIPE NCC has requested a small block of address space from the reserved /10 in order to run the following experiment:
RIPE Routing Information System (RIS) plans to announce a few blocks of sizes /24 to /28 (no more then ten at a time) out of the 23.128/10. They will monitor how this address space propagates in BGP and its reachability.
This experiment will provide the global community with insight on whether prefixes longer than a /24 from 23.128/10 are useable and reachable on the global Internet.
A description of this experiment, as well as the results of this research, will be published on https://labs.ripe.net/ . Additionally, ARIN will provide a link to the RIPE Labs page, as well as the end date of this experiment in the public Whois record of this registration.
Do you support the use of this reserved space for this experiment or not, and why?
Please provide comments to firstname.lastname@example.com. You can subscribe to this mailing list at:
This consultation will remain open through 5:00 PM EDT on Monday, 1 September 2014.
Leslie Nobile
Director of Registration Services
American Registry for Internet Numbers (ARIN)
Search Announcements
Please Note:
These are archives of announcements, and have generally not been updated since they were published. As a result, some content, specifically links to other pages and other references may be out-of-date or no longer available.


text: Alright, Im very familiar with my BB7 brakes, but I have juicy 5s on my enduro and both the front and rear are too tight and drag on the rotors. Adjusting the calipers does nothing the pads are just too close. Also, the brake feel is to tight, the moment I engage the brake it starts braking, I would like more flex into the braking. No pad adjusters, do I need to bleed the lines to make this adjustment? Or is there an easier way? thanks,.


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Patricia's Bridal Beginnings, listed under "Wedding - Supplies & Services" category, is located at San Antonio TX, 78221 and can be reached by 2109225501 phone number. Patricia's Bridal Beginnings has currently 0 reviews.This business profile is not yet claimed, and if you are the owner, claim your business profile for free. If you are not the owner you can invite this business to join by email or by phone.Browse all Wedding - Supplies & Services in San Antonio TX. If you would like to see census data for this geographical location click here.
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I'm a freelance illustrator and designer, I wanna use my DeviantART page just for my crappy comic book sketches that I love to do while warming up my fingers to work for the man!
Newtasty is: Illustration and design by Stevie Copter. For 10 years Stevie shared a space with Fused Magazine and now spends his time divided between his studio in Eastside Birmingham UK and his second home in Brazil. He is also a member of the art collective Outcrowd.
Award winning: Contributed to various award winning projects including the 2003 CIPD Design Awards for Codemasters and the 2009 Roses Design and Leipzig Awards with Fluid Design for Sega.
Clients include: Virgin, BBC, Capcom, X-Box, Levi's, Spinach Japan, Dazed & Confused, Esquire, Sega, Graniph, Nokia, Lascivious, Channel 4 and many others.
At the weekend? Runs weekly underground music event and record label ColdRice, is one quarter of rock n' soul band Copter, is rumoured to be related to messed up punk blues duo Black Mekon, is a frequent flyer, and is one helluva plate spinner.


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Putting it bluntly, the worldwide recession decimated the global shipping industry. Over capacity of vessels coupled with low economic growth drove day rates for the sector down to historic lows. That put a huge crimp on margins and many shipping stocks also sank. Since the end of the recession, the shippers haven't fared much better as the sector remains one of the worst performers over the last few years.
However, that underperformance is attracting some well-known value-hounds.
With big investors now getting behind the shippers as well as improving economic conditions, the time could be finally at hand for investors to realize some of the value left in the sector.
"The Only Sector Left"
Since hitting a peak in 2008, stocks of global shipping companies have tumbled 60%. That huge fall is finally beginning to attract bottom fishers as the sector appears to have finally hit the sea-floor. This has included a variety of private equity king-pins.
Both Apollo Global Management (NYSE:APO) and Blackstone (NYSE:BX) bought several vessels over the last few years, while renowned billionaire value investor Wilbur Ross, was among an investor group who spent $900 million a year ago on 30 tankers hauling refined oil products. More recently, Ross became the largest shareholder in liquefied petroleum carrier Navigator Holdings. All in all, private equities total investment in the shipping space reached $3.3 billion last year- a 13-fold increase.
There's plenty of reason for the private equity and institutional investor's enthusiasm for the shippers.
First, seaborne trade is finally expanding. That's helped push up the Baltic Dry Index- which measures earnings across four vessel classes- up more than 42% this year. Day rates for both Capesize and Panamax sized vessels have surged and are near critical breakeven marks. More importantly, analysts now estimate that booming trade will have the two vessel classes finally becoming profitable in the New Year.
SEE: Play The Bottom In Shipping
Then there's second-hand sales to consider. Values of five-year ships plunged as much as 95% from their peak in 2008. However, according to the Baltic Exchange, the value of five-year-old Capesizes grew 5.7% to $31.4 million this year, while Panamaxes climbed 16%. Those rising second hand values are a sign that over-capacity in the sector is finally beginning to die down.
All in all, that's a bullish situation for the beaten-down shippers.
Betting On Seaborne Trade
Given the potential for the shippers to outperform, investors may want to give the sector ago. The best way could be the broad Guggenheim Shipping ETF (NYSE:SEA). The fund tracks 26 different shipping stocks across the various tanker, dry-bulk and cargo sub-sectors. Top holdings include Knightsbridge Tankers Limited (NASDAQ:VLCCF) and Seaspan (NYSE:SSW). SEA is certainly cheap as the ETF can be had for just a P/E of 12.8. Expenses run 0.65%.
The biggest interest from private equity groups in the sector has to be the shippers of liquefied natural gas (LNG). Day rates for LNG tankers continue to rise and Golar LNG (NASDAQ:GLNG), along with its MLP subsidiary Golar LNG Partners LP (NASDAQ: GMLP) make an attractive pair in the sector. Both firms have attractive fleets and pay good dividends while investors wait for the LNG exports to really explode. Currently at 4.8% and 6%, respectively.
Finally, International Shipholding (NYSE:ISH) could be a good play. The shipper owns a wide fleet of 50 vessels- including container ships, auto carriers, tug boats and coal carriers. However, the real kicker for ISH is that several of its ships are Jones Act compliant. The 92-year-old law restricts shipping in U.S. waterways to American owned and flagged ships. That gives the firm a big edge as the U.S. economy continues to take off and export more goods.
The Bottom Line
Investors looking for values among the beaten down market may want to give the shippers a go. Several bullish catalysts are lining up in the sectors favor and currently firms such as Diana Shipping (NYSE:DSX) are trading well below their highs. That could lead to great long term outperformance as these factors play out.
Disclosure: At the time of writing, the author did not own shares of any company mentioned in this article.


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WASHINGTON – Sorry, Rebecca Black — there's a new contender for worst song ever.
Drew Garrett and Lauren Willey are two teenage girls who have dubbed themselves Double Take and made a music video in the vein of Black's "Friday." Their song, "Hot Problems," is about problems faced by hot girls, because apparently they have problems, too.
Here's a sample lyric: "Boys call me stuck up, girls say I'm conceited, on behalf of all hot girls, those comments aren't needed."
And here's the song:
Since being uploaded to YouTube on April 15, the girls' video has garnered nearly 7 million page views, although it's earned more than 342,000 dislikes compared to just 20,000 likes.
But was the whole thing simply done tongue-in-cheek? After their video went viral and earned its fair share of backlash, Willey and Garrett appeared on Good Morning America.
Among their revelations: They knew they couldn't sing, they wanted something funny to show their friends and they don't think they're that hot.
Check out their GMA appearance below:
video platform video management video solutions video player
Follow WTOP on Twitter.
(Copyright 2012 by WTOP. All Rights Reserved.)
Sure, you could grill another hot dog. Or, you could try one of these 30 recipes for foods you never knew you could cook on the grill.


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Fine Art wedding photography with a mix of photojournalism. Available for weddings anywhere in the United States and internationally....
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Rustic Wedding Stationery for the Offbeat Bride.
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Plan, book and shop for your wedding with inspiration as your guide. Plus, save photos to your favorites!


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May 28, 2016
Vice President Joe Biden says he has offered the Ukrainian president U.S. assistance in determining the cause of a Malaysian airliner's crash along the Ukraine-Russia border.
Biden made the disclosure in Detroit on Thursday afternoon as he began making remarks to a group of information technology students at Wayne County Community College.
Biden says he has been in contact with Ukrainian President Petro Poroshenko and has offered U.S. assistance in the aftermath of the "tragic event that's taken place on the Ukrainian border" with Russia.
He says the U.S. will send a team to Ukraine "to determine what happened."
Biden is speaking to a class of 32 African American females enrolled in a four-month technology training course aimed at connecting them with jobs in Detroit's information technology sector.
Click Here to access the online Public Inspection File
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It's a Thanksgiving challenge! Two blokes, both of whom have nothing to do with the American holiday, up against one another for a rousing game of "Would You Rather?"
Ewan McGregor: Scottish, dreamy, intoxicating singing voice (did Moulin Rouge mean nothing to you?)
Colin Firth: Mr. Darcy, Mark Darcy, dreamy barrister with hideous reindeer jumper. Learned Portuguese in order to propose to his holiday home housekeeper (say that three times).
"I hate Uncle Jamie!"
Challenge: McGregor or Firth? You can't have both. That's just greedy.
While you're mulling it over, do have a look at photos from tonight's UK charity premiere of The Impossible. Naomi Watts was there, looking all hot-to-trot in a backless dress. Watts recently told the Daily Mail (via the Daily Beast) that she hopes her Princess of Wales biopic doesn't offend Princes William and Harry.
"Is it going to open it all up again? We're certainly not trying to upset the boys, though they're men now," Watts told the British paper. "I hope they're OK with it."


text: Dissidents admit Falls Road attack 18 Mar 2014 A dissident group calling itself the IRA has admitted responsibility for an attack on police in the Falls Road area of west Belfast on Friday night. Share Share Share Story by UTV Staff, Belfast A bomb, triggered by command wire, exploded close to a PSNI landrover at around 10.30pm after being left near the entrance of Belfast City Cemetery.Police confirmed over the weekend that four officers and several members of the public - including a Filipino family with children aged 11, 13 and 16 - were caught up in the blast.The family, who had been driving past, were not hurt but were treated for shock.In a statement on Tuesday evening, the dissident 'IRA' said it had fired a mortar bomb which, it claimed, had struck the PSNI landrover. Earlier police sources said minimal damage had been caused to the vehicle and that there had not been a direct hit.In its statement, the dissident grouping claimed they had a second so-called unit armed with automatic weapons close by. They said their intention was to engage police getting out of vehicles.They had previously claimed the mortar bomb had contained explosives from a new supply of semtex - a claim which the group repeated on Tuesday.The terror group issued its statement to Belfast-based journalist Brian Rowan.Police originally said that they believed the device had been thrown at the officers but later confirmed it had been detonated via command wire.The blast, on a busy Falls Road, was heard around the city on Friday night.Detectives are appealing for anyone who noticed any suspicious activity in the area of the City Cemetery in recent days or anyone who has any information to contact them.Superintendent Barbara Gray said: "This was not only a deliberate attempt to kill police officers but was an attack on the community of west Belfast, and it is only through good fortune that no-one, either police or civilian was seriously injured or killed."It is fortunate there were no injuries sustained by police or the family whose car was damaged. I send my best wishes to the police officers and the family affected."The people behind this attack clearly planned it but I wonder what their plan was had members of the public been injured or killed? The Falls Road is a main route with a constant flow of traffic and pedestrians and it was totally irresponsible to carry out this attack on the local community." © UTV Share Share Share


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Next OSADL Events:
Breaking News:
2015-12-01 12:00
OSADL celebrates its 10-years anniversary
Ready for the next decade
2015-10-05 12:00
Real-time Linux on the go!
On its way to mainline ...
2014-11-18 00:00
Linux real-time: New stable release available -
but next one depends on more support from industrial users
2014-06-15 12:00
Help, my bootloader has no device tree support.
How can I boot a recent kernel?
2014-06-09 12:00
The deadline scheduler is here ...
Do you know how to use it?
2014-04-09 12:00
First LCA certificate issued
Major automation provider passed OSADL License Compliance Audit
A new RTOS is born
Our latest and greatest Linux RT-Preempt (linux-184.108.40.206-rt17) is now our "Latest Stable".
When on Friday, January 25, 2008, we wrote "Kernel 2.6.24 on its way to the next 'Latest Stable'" we were absolutely right that it was "on its way". But who had believed at this time that it would take more than six months to finally release it as "Latest Stable"?
No other release has been tested so heavily on so many different architectures and under so many different conditions as this one. This is the best mainline Linux real-time we ever had, and it is another important milestone in the creation of a new RTOS: Linux.
Important note: Do not expect the RT-Preempt patches for kernel version 2.6.25 to be made ready for production. We move on to 2.6.26!
And here is a little excuse why this "Latest Stable" took so long. The following list contains all individual fixes that have been applied since the release of the first RT-Preempt patches based on 2.6.24:
• compiler warning fix (Shi Weihua)
• trace histogram late divide (Carsten Emde)


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Celebrities with August birthdays
POSTED: 2:45 AM Jul 23 2011 UPDATED: 11:00 PM Jul 31 2015
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Wondering which of your favorite celebrities shares your August birthday? Wonder no more. Click on to discover what stars have birthdays this month.
The views expressed are not those of this site, this station or its affiliated companies. By posting your comments you agree to accept our terms of use.


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World Rhythm Festival
Seattle World Percussion Society drum and dance workshops for all ages, featuring traditions of Africa, Asia, Cuba, Brazil, India, America and the Middle East, kids make their own percussion instruments, vendors, 10 a.m.-7 p.m. Saturday-Sunday; dance party, 8-10:30 p.m. Saturday; Great NW Drum Circle Closing Ceremony, 6-7:30 p.m. Sunday, Seattle Center Armory, Seattle; free (206-684-7200 or swps.org
Family Day: Food for Good: How to grow and prepare healthful foods from around the world, food samples, activities, music, storytelling, community organizations demonstrate how food gets from the farm to the table locally and globally, learn how kids of all ages can make a difference through volunteer programs, 10 a.m.-3 p.m. Saturday, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation Visitor Center, 440 Fifth Ave. N., Seattle; free (gates.ly/foodforgood
Dog and cat supplies for Oso: Collection of new medium and large animal crates, collars, leashes, dog and cat beds, toys, treats and food, drop off outside the shelter anytime Saturday-Sunday, Seattle Animal Shelter, 2061 15th Ave. W., Seattle (206-386-7387 or www.seattle.gov/animalshelter/).
- Seattle's vanishing black community
- Boeing tankers will be delivered to Air Force late — and incomplete
- Bellevue School District seeks to fire football coach Goncharoff over scandal
- A six-pack of observations from Seahawks' OTAs: Justin Britt, Alex Collins, Tharold Simon and more
- Paul Allen ends KEXP's yearslong fundraising drive with $500,000 donation
Most Read Stories
Woodland Park Zoo Party for the Planet: Earth Day celebration with environment-focused eco-tours, craft activities, keeper talks, animal enrichment, 9:30 a.m.-4 p.m. daily, Saturday through April 13, Woodland Park Zoo, 5500 Phinney Ave. N., Seattle; $8.75-$12.75 (206-548-2500 or www.zoo.org/partyfortheplanet).
SCUBA and H2O Adventure Show: Exhibits, how-to clinics, adventure gear, travel information, beer garden, 10 a.m.-6 p.m. Saturday, 10 a.m.-4 p.m. Sunday, Smith Cove Cruise Terminal 91, 2001 W. Garfield St., Seattle; $10, free admission for ages 9 and younger, and active, reserve and retired military, police, fire and rescue personnel (www.scubaH2Oshow.com
Whirligig: Supersized inflatable rides for ages 12 and younger, Toddler's Zone, entertainment, 11 a.m.-6 p.m. daily through April 20, Seattle Center Armory, Seattle; admission free, rides $1.50 each or $7.50/all day pass, $4.50/all day toddler zone pass, all rides free on Thursdays (206-684-7200 or www.seattlecenter.com
Paws-On Science: Husky Weekend: UW scientists and researchers host interactive activities and exhibits for all ages, 10 a.m.-6 p.m. Saturday-Sunday, Pacific Science Center, 200 Second Ave. N., Seattle; $11-$18, admission discounts for UW faculty, staff, students and UWAA members (206-443-2001 or www.pacificsciencecenter.org/).
Madeline McKenzie: firstname.lastname@example.com.


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Eye, Suffolk
Historical Description
Eye, an ancient municipal borough, a market-town, and a parish in Suffolk. The town stands at the terminus of a branch from Mellis of the G.E.R., 20 miles N from Ipswich, and 94 from London. It was known to the Saxons as Eay, signifying " an island," and it took that name from being nearly surrounded by two rivers. It is irregularly built, and contains many thatched houses. It is the head of a petty sessional division and a county court district; it had a castle built by the Malets soon after the Conquest; and it has a head post office, two banks, a modern town-hall and corn exchange, gasworks, a church, Baptist and Wesleyan chapels, remains of a Benedictine monastery, the Hartismere workhouse, a grammar-school, rebuilt in 1876, and enlarged in 1878 and 1882, and some almshouses for poor widows or aged spinsters. Brewing is carried on, and there is a/ small iron foundry. The church is a large and handsome building of flint and stone, with a fine embattled western tower, and it contains a most beautiful chancel screen, and some interesting tombs and monuments. The Benedictine monastery was founded by the Malets; was a cell to Bernay Abbey; contained the Bed Book, or Sfc Felix's-copyofthe Gospels in great Lombard letters; and was given at the dissolution to the Suffolk family. A weekly market is held on Monday. The town was chartered by King John, and is a borough by prescription ; it is governed by a mayor, 4 aldermen, and 12 councillors; and it sent two members to Parliament from the tune of Elizabeth till the Act of 1832, when the number was reduced to one. In 1885 its representation was merged in that of the county. The municipal borough is conter-minate with the parish. Acreage, 4410 ; population, 2064. The manor was given by William the Conqueror to Robert Malet; belonged to the late Marquis Cornwallis, who took from it the title of baron ; and belongs now to Lady Bate-man. The living is a vicarage in the diocefce of Norwich; gross yearly value, £490 with residence.
Eye Parliamentary Division, or North-Eastern Suffolk was formed under the Redistribution of Seats Act of 1885, and returns one member to the House of Commons. Population, 54,826. The division includes the following:- Blything (part of)-Aldringham, Benhall, Blythburgh, Bram-field, Carlton, Cookley, Cratfield, Darsham, Famham, Friston Hazlewood, Heveningham, Huntingfield, Kelsale, Knodishall, Leiston, Linstead (Magna), Linstead (Parva), Middleton, Peasenhall, Sasmundham, Sibton, Snape, Sternfield, Theberton, Thorington, Ubbeston, Walberswick, Walpole, Wenhaston, Westleton, Yoxford; Framlingham-Ashfield-with-Thorpe, Badingham, Bedfield, Brandeston, Bruisyard, Cransford, Cretingham, Debenham, Dennington, Earl Soham, Easton, Framlingham, Framsden, Glemham (Great), Glemham (Little), Hacheston, Hoo, Kenton, Kettleburgh, Letheringham, Marlesford, Monewden, Monk Soham, Parham, Pettaugh, Eendham, JSaxted, Stratford (St Andrew), Swefling, Tannington, Win-ston; Hartismere-Aspall, Bacton, Botesdale, Braiseworth, Brome, Burgate, Cotton, Finningham, Gislingham, Mellis, Mendlesham, Oakley, Occold, Palgrave, Eedgrave, Bedlingfield, Rickinghall (Superior), Rishangles, Stoke Ash, Stuston, Thorndon, Thornham (Magna), Thornham (Parva), Thran-deston, Thwaite, Westhorpe, Wetheringsett-cum-Brockford, Wickham Skeith, Wortham, Wyverstone, Yasley; Hoxne- Athelington, Bedingfield, Brundish, Denham, Fressingfield, Horham, Hoxne, Laxfield, Mendham, Metfield, Southolt, Stradbroke, Sylebam, Weybread, Wilby, Wingfield, Withers-dale, Worliugworth; Eye, municipal borough.
Old maps of Eye are available on the old-maps.co.uk site, and a current map is available on the Streetmap.co.uk site.
Newspapers and Periodicals
The British Newspaper Archive have fully searchable digitised copies of the following Suffolk papers online:


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Art F City
Posts tagged as:
Actually, there's a lot of every type of art to see this week. Even petri-dish art.
It's a typical week in New York: psychedelic painting, Brooklyn criticism, feminist archives, the Yiddish cannon, Julie Ault, and a Red Hook gallery opens a Manhattan outlet.
This week, we'll be watching really rich people spend their money in Switzerland during Art Basel. It's the world's largest art fair, so if you like reading about champagne and fancy dinners this will be a great week for it. The rest of us will pass our time in New York, sweating and going to openings. That's not so bad.
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Jodi Huisentruit woke up late for work as the morning anchor at KIMT in Mason City, Iowa on June 27, 1995. Her producer called her to wake her up.
Jodi said she would be to work within 20 minutes. She only lived five minutes away from work, but Jodi didn't make it to work for her broadcast. Co-workers became worried enough to send police to her apartment to check on her. While everything inside the apartment appeared to be normal, police found signs of a struggle near Jodi's Mazda Miata. Her hairdryer, hairspray, a pair of red shoes and earrings were strewn across the parking lot. Drag marks were also found nearby, but the 27-year-old blonde beauty was no where to be found.
Tipline: 1-800-383-0088
Missing Since: June 27, 1995
Missing From: Mason City, Iowa
Classification: Endangered Missing
Age at Disappearance: 27
Height: 5'4"
Hair: Blonde


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I have the problem described in this question JavaMail: How to use different SOCKS5 for different threads?
..but there is no really answer to this question :-(
additionally I want to retrieve mails from an imap(s) folder and I don't know how to tell javaMail to use a socks proxy without setting via global system properties. (sockProxyHost and so on...) If I do so parallel database requests also want to use the socks proxy but they shouldn't (db is not accessible via socks proxy)
Thanks a lot in advance for any hint. Hans


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I'm pissed!!!
Let me start by saying DH & I have always led a healthy, athletic lifestyle, read reviews on food items we buy a lot, watched food documentaries (read: thought we were informed consumers) and always kept an organic garden. About 4 years ago, we started buying our produce, dairy, meat, and a few grains from organic labels only. We still bought household staples that were hard to find in the organic variety from brands like Morning Star, Kraft, Quaker, and others. I felt like I had been doing the right thing with the foods I put in my body & now the bodies of our 2 little boys... Until I stumbled on this article over the weekend. The studies discussed about half way down about rodents that were fed GMO soy and corn products showing damage done to major organs, inability to reproduce, likelihood of having cancer, etc... It all just made me raid my pantry/freezer and feel complete disgust and guilt. I have salad dressing, black bean burgers, cinnamon rolls, protein powder and many other items that weren't covered by my "organic only shopping list" that have soy and corn in them and knowing 95% of it is GMO (genetically modified) in the USA just made me f*cking livid! We are slowly killing ourselves eating that garbage. Like this article talks about, WHY won't our governement make that sh*t illegal here just like UK and Europe have done? We ARE first world aren't we?? And yet we can't rely on our leaders to protect our interests from corporate ones. WTF
Bottom line: DH and I agreed to stop buying anything with soy and corn. More expensive & less options, but heck - I'm NOT feeding garbage to my unborn babies. Who knows?.. Maybe I wouldn't have had to go on fertility drugs if I knew not to eat these foods long ago.


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Products: Organic | Natural Latex | Adjustable Base | New Century | InnerCoil | Naturalizer
Take home a New Century flotation bed and you can look forward to a new level of healthful sleep with unparalleled support, personalized comfort and enduring satisfaction.
Because water naturally yields to the weight and contours of the body, New Century flotation mattresses effortlessly cradle and caress every curve. Sleep-disruptive pressure points are eliminated, allowing the body to rest naturally, in deep, soothing comfort.
The New Century collection features a patented InnerCoil design that responds to body weight and natural curves to provide the mid-body support required for the most healthful sleep. This patented InnerCoil design provides Stand Tall-Sleep Tall sleeping posture, with the middle ear, shoulder, hip and ankle all in alignment.


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Watch What Happens When A Girl Fishing And A Shark Fight Over The Same Catch
By Mack Rawden 4 years ago
Ive never really understood the appeal of fishing. I get the excitement of reeling in a huge catch, but thats never seemed like enough of a high to make up for the hours of downtime. Turns out Ive been completely mistaken, but apparently, fishing is sometimes the craziest, most action-packed leisure activity in existence. Take that, Scrabble.
Earlier this week, a video began making the rounds featuring three friends calmly fishing off a dock. The girl lets her buddy with the camera know shes about to haul in a fish; so, he strolls over with the camera and turns it on the water just in time to see a gigantic shark emerge and steal the catch. Its horrifying and great at the same time. You can take a look at the footage below
You have to love the torrent of swear words that collectively pour out of everyones mouths after seeing the shark. Its absolute bedlam. Its hard to criticize though when most of us would have behaved exactly the same way including screaming at the dude inside to tell him the nonsense he just missed.
Im not saying Im ready to start fishing, but if I see a few more videos like this, provided no one dies in them, I might actually be tempted out on the lake to catch some of the excitement.


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May 25, 2016
Valdosta, GA - Valdosta city leaders are working to bridge the gap between downtown and Valdosta State University.
"If people would just come and venture out more downtown and check it out and see for themselves it would be pretty phenomenal," said Christy Morgan, a bartender and server at a downtown restaurant called "The Bistro".
The distance between downtown and VSU is about a mile. The plan is to build up the portion of Patterson Street from Magnolia to Brookwood Street to make it more attractive for travelers.
Designs are already in the works and cater to pedestrians. Plans include improving the sidewalks, adding benches and decorative street lamps. It will even be handicapped accessible.
Phase One will build up the area from Magnolia to Gordon Street. Phase two will take it to Brookwood Drive, officially closing the gap to VSU.
"We want them to come visit our downtown area and enjoy our Enhancement Projects and tying all of them together we think is a benefit for everybody." said Mara Register, Assistant To The City Manager for the City Of Valdosta.
It's all part of the "Street Scape Program". The same program that built up downtown in the 90s and continues new projects to this day.
Phase One will cost $80,000. That's coming from state grants and local sales tax funds. Once the design is approved by the Department of Transportation a contractor will be hired to do the construction.
Phase Two is expected to come along in the next 18 months.
"Hopefully with more traffic and more students it would be awesome to see more faces downtown," said Christy Morgan.
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Images: Soldiers and players [Image 1 of 4]
Photo by Staff Sgt. Peter Berardi
The 2013 Army Drill Sergeant of the Year Sgt. 1st Class David Stover, a member of U.S. Army Training and Doctrine Command from Fort Eustis, Va., and native of Richmond, Va., and Sgt. Ashley Rice, from Fort Bragg, N.C., and native of Auburn, Mass., observe the 2014 U.S. Army All-American Bowl teams during the American Family Insurance Dream Challenge. (U.S. Army Reserve photo by Staff Sgt. Peter J. Berardi, 205th Press Camp Headquarters)
This work, Soldiers and players [Image 1 of 4], by SSG Peter Berardi, identified by DVIDS, is free of known copyright restrictions under U.S. copyright law.
Date Taken:01.01.2014
Date Posted:01.01.2014 22:25
Photo ID:1145832
Size:865.91 KB
Location:SAN ANTONIO, TX, US
Hometown:FORT BRAGG, NC, US
Hometown:FORT EUSTIS, VA, US
Hometown:RICHMOND, VA, US
Hometown:SAN ANTONIO, TX, US


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White Abstract (Royal Family at Windsor)
COVENTRY, Keith (1958 - )
(Amgueddfa Cymru regrets that we are not able to provide an image for this item at this time. This is either due to copyright restrictions, or the item is awaiting digitisation. We apologise for any inconvenience caused.)
Date: 1994
Media: oil on canvas
Size: 60 x 75 cm
Acquired: 2013; Purchase; with assistance of Derek Williams Trust
Accession Number: NMW A 24455


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May 29, 2016
The MPSA state cheerleading competition was held at the Mississippi Coliseum Wednesday.
Heidelberg Academy won the small varsity division for the fifth straight year.
The squad is made up of eleven girls. They are coached by Toni Cook and Meagan Masters.
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|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|14 Aug 2007
|Filing date
|7 Nov 2003
|Priority date
|7 Nov 2002
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Kelsee L. Coykendall, Paul G. Dewa, Robert Sabia, David C. Sauer, Paul J. Shustack, Kamal K. Soni
|Original Assignee
|Corning Incorporated
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (17), Non-Patent Citations (8), Referenced by (7), Classifications (48), Legal Events (3)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This application claims priority of U.S. provisional patent application Ser. No. 60/424,958, filed on Nov. 7, 2002, entitled "Low Outgassing Photo or Electron Beam Curable Rubbery Polymer Material," by Paul J. Shustack, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
The present invention relates to UV, visible light or electron beam curable, rubbery material, preparation thereof and device comprising the same. In particular, the present invention relates to UV, visible light or electron beam curable rubbery material that after being cured exhibits exceedingly low outgassing of volatile organic materials, as well as preparation thereof and device comprising the same. The present invention is useful, for example, as an adhesive, sealant, or lens-potting material.
There are a number of applications where it is necessary to bond materials together using adhesives and it is undesirable for the adhesive to give off any volatile organic materials after cure. The process of evolving volatile organic materials after cure is often called outgassing or offgassing. Examples of such applications are in the area of food packaging where the outgassed compounds can impart an off-taste to the packaged food material. In the area of optics and photonics, outgassed compounds can condense on optical surfaces and negatively affect the transmission of light.
For many adhesive or lens potting applications, it is necessary to bond together materials (substrates) of different coefficients of thermal expansion. In these applications, the adhesive or potting material must allow for the expansion and contraction of the two different substrates as the temperature changes yet still maintain the adhesion of the two substrates together. This requires the use of a soft, low modulus, low Tg rubbery type material. The ability to formulate materials that cure to soft, compliant, rubber-like solids and yet still have low outgassing after cure is very difficult. This is especially true if the cured material also has to have excellent thermal, oxidative and hydrolytic stability.
Many room temperature vulcanized (RTV) silicone materials cure to soft, compliant rubber-like solids that have good thermal, oxidative and hydrolytic stability but they still evolve an unacceptable amount of volatiles after cure. The outgassed products of the RTV silicones are usually low molecular weight, sometimes cyclic, siloxanes. These materials are particularly problematic because if they condense on surfaces, they are difficult to remove due to their very low surface tension.
Other materials often considered are polysulfides, polyurethanes, and hydrocarbon rubbers like polybutadiene, polyisoprene, etc. These products do not possess sufficient thermal, oxidative and hydrolytic stability for applications where the rubbery material must remain rubbery throughout its entire lifetime which may be as long as 30 years. Such applications are in the optics and photonics area where in order to simulate 30 year lifetime, materials are subjected to various accelerated aging tests like exposure to conditions of 85� C. and 85% RH for a minimum of 500 hours and up to as long as 2000 hours.
It is also advantageous for the material to be curable with actinic radiation such as UV or visible light or an electron beam. This enables the material to be applied as a liquid, then optical alignments, or other positional adjustments can be made. When the adherends are in their optimized position, the actinic radiation can be turned on which cures the materials quickly (within seconds or minutes) and with minimal amount of heat. This process retains the delicate alignment of the adherends.
Engineering solutions have been proposed to eliminate or mitigate the outgassed products from adhesives. These involve novel joint designs that allow for elimination of the outgassed materials from the adhesive into non-sensitive areas (JP 2001155855 and JP 2002106719). In another case, the surface of the adhesive material is coated with an impervious inorganic layer that seals in possible outgassed products (US2001028062). Other methods involve heat and/or vacuum treatments of the cured adhesive to remove possible outgassed products prior to final assembly of the device. All of these methods require extra steps that are unnecessary if a true low outgassing adhesive, sealant, or potting compound were available.
JP 2002146230 by H. Kawakami et al. describes an adhesive composition that is for semiconductor-mounted circuit boards and devices therewith. This composition gives a B-stage adhesive film containing less volatile components. However, the composition is not UV curable, contains MEK solvent, and is based on bisphenol A epoxy and phenolic resins which require heat to cure and cure to hard, non-flexible, thermoset polymers.
E. A. Boulter et al. claims zero volatile release from their high service temperature polyether amide thermoset resins. These materials are not UV curable and require a cure schedule of 1 hour at 177� C. followed by a postcure at 225� C. The final cured properties resemble that of cured bisphenol A type epoxies. See E. A. Boulter, M. Cohen, M. L. Deviney, Proceedings of the Electrical/Electronics Insulation Conference (1997), 23rd, 249-53.
JP 2001164737 by I. Tanaka et al. describes using low out-gas adhesives to make floor sheets useful for clean rooms. The adhesives are of the two component epoxy resin-polyamideamine class. Such materials require the mixing of the two parts (an extra manufacturing step), are not photocurable, and cure to form polymers that are not low Tg rubbers.
JP 2001057065 by K. Fukuda et al. describes sealant compositions for computer hard disc drives that claim no gas volatilization, good sealability and adhesive strength. EP302620 by G. M. Vanhaeren describes a crosslinkable hot-melt adhesive containing a polyol and a blocked isocyanate that provides a flexible heat-resistant bond without forming volatiles. However, both of the above materials must be applied as hot melts and the high temperatures involved would negatively effect the delicate alignment required for many optical devices.
R. C. Benson et al. and C. T. Mooney et al. investigated the measurement of volatile organic species that evolve during cure and after post-cure processing of epoxy or polyimide based die attach adhesives. Similar studies were performed by R. C. Benson et al. on adhesives for microelectronics. These formulations are not photocurable and also do not cure to the soft rubbery type polymers required for the application. See R. C. Benson, T. E. Phillips, N. DeHaas, Proc.-Electron. Compon Conf. (1989), 39th, 301-8. See also R. C. Benson, T. E. Phillips, N. DeHaas, M. Bonneau, Int. SAMPE Electron, Conf. (1990), 4 (Electorn). Mater.-Our Future), 267-81. See also C. T. Mooney, J. C. Bolger, Natl. SAMPE Symp. Exhib., [Proc.], (1984), 29th (Technol. Vectors), 639-50.
R. Leoni describes adhesives that have very low emissions of volatile organic compounds. Such adhesives are high tack, contact adhesives intended for floor coverings, tiles, carpets, vinyl sheeting, etc. These materials are not photocurable and are not suitable for this application due to their permanent tackiness. See R. Leoni; FATlPEC Congress (2000), 25th (Vol. 1), 253-265.
J. Kuczynski studied the possibility of eliminating the outgassing from UV curable adhesives. Such outgassed products were shown to corrode thin film magnetic discs. The volatility of the corrosive species was dependent on the adhesive's glass transition temperature which varied linearly with flexibilizer concentration. Thermogravimetric analysis revealed that outgassing was reduced an order of magnitude in adhesives containing reduced concentrations of polycaprolactone based flexibilizer. See J. Kuczynski, J. of Adhesion (1996), 56 (1-4), 107-119. For the current application, it is desirable to simultaneously have a low Tg and low outgassing. Also, polycaprolactone type materials are undesirable due to their inherent hydrolytic instability.
Finally, JP 2001163931 by Y. Arai and T. Nemoto describes photocurable sealing compositions generating a reduced amount of volatile gas for electronic devices. Such compositions are based on a high MW (˜50,000) urethane (meth)acrylate synthesized from a polypropylene glycol extended bisphenol A diol, tetrahydrofurfuryl acrylate, and phenoxy ethyl acrylate. Such compositions would not have the outstanding thermal and oxidative stability or the higher, inherent hydrophobicity of the present invention.
There remains a genuine need of an adhesive material that is photo or electron beam curable, and that upon being cured forms a material with low outgassing rate, low modulus and low Tg that is suitable for use in, inter alia, the optics area.
In a first aspect, the present invention provides a composition of matter consisting essentially of a mixture, blend and/or reaction product of:
In a second aspect of the present invention, it is provided a process for producing a composition of matter having low outgassing rate and low mudulus, comprising the following steps of:
According to an embodiment of the process of the present invention, the step (A) includes the following steps (A1) and (A2):
Preferably, in the composition of matter of the present invention, the photo or electron beam curable material component of (i) is a functionalized material selected from the group consisting of: polybutadiene, polyisoprene, polyethylene propylene rubber and combinations thereof, said material being completely hydrogenated or substantially completely hydrogenated and free or substantially free of carbon-carbon double and triple bonds. Preferably, the photo or electron beam curable material component of (i) is functionalized by at least one polymerizable terminal or pendant group selected from: acrylate, methacrylate, acrylamide, maleimide, thioacrylate, thiomethacrylate, vinyl sulfide, itaconate, crotonate, styrene and N-vinyl amide, hydroxyl, thiol, epoxy, oxetane, episulfide, vinyl ether, propenyl ether, allyl ether, and compatible mixtures and/or combinations thereof. Most preferably, the photo or electron beam curable material component of (i) is functionalized by at least one polymerizable terminal or pendant group selected from acrylate, methacrylate and epoxy.
The composition of matter of the present invention after exposure to actinic radiation or electron beam cures to a soft, rubbery polymer that exhibits an exceedingly low amount of outgassing of volatile organic materials. Such material is useful as an adhesive, sealant, or lens-potting compound. Such cured material constitutes part of the subject matter of the present invention. The cured material has preferably a low modulus and a low Tg of lower or equal to 25� C.
The composition of matter of the present invention can be used as an adhesive or sealant. Such use can be advantageously in applications where low outgassing of the adhesive is required. For example, the composition of matter of the present invention can be used in clean rooms. Preferably, the composition of matter of the present invention is used in devices containing elements susceptive and sensitive to outgassed species from the materials, such as lenses used in deep and vacuum ultraviolet photolithography involving using UV radiation having wavelength of, for example, 248 nm or shorter. The composition of matter is particularly advantageous for use in connection with 157 nm photolithography as lens potting materials owing to its low outgassing even when exposed to 157 nm irradiation.
Thus accordingly, a third aspect of the present invention is concerned with a device comprising the cured composition of matter of the present invention as an adhesive or sealant. The device is advantageously a lithographic device involving using deep or vacuum ultraviolet radiation. The lithographic radiation of the device can have a wavelength as low as 157 nm, and even shorter. The cured composition of matter of the present invention is advantageously used as lens potting material in the lithographic device. The lens may be made of, for example, doped or undoped high purity fused silica, or crystalline CaF2 optionally coated with antireflective coatings.
Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the detailed description which follows, and in part will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art from the description or recognized by practicing the invention as described in the written description and claims hereof, as well as the appended drawings.
It is to be understood that the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are merely exemplary of the invention, and are intended to provide an overview or framework to understanding the nature and character of the invention as it is claimed.
The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the invention, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification.
In the accompanying drawings,
The composition of matter of the present invention contains as a first component a photo or electron beam (EB) curable material based on a completely or substantially hydrogenated hydrocarbon based rubber. The rubber can be based on, for example, polybutadiene, polyisoprene, polyethylene propylene rubber (EPR), and combinations thereof, and the like. The hydrocarbon chain of such rubber must be completely or substantially free of carbon-carbon double or triple bonds. Normally, this is achieved by hydrogenation of the rubber backbone. The hydrogenated rubber materials are functionalized with a group that renders the rubber molecules polymerizable. Such polymerization must occur in the presence of actinic radiation or electron beam. A photoinitiator/photosensitizer may be necessary to initiate said polymerization. As used herein, the term "photoiniator/photosensitizer" means a photoiniating system for photo or electron beam polymerization comprised of one or more photoiniators and optionally one or more photosensitizers. The polymerizable group on the hydrogenated rubber may be terminal or pendant. The group may be free radically or cationically polymerizable. Examples of free radically polymerizable groups are, but not limited to, acrylate, methacrylate, acrylamide, maleimide, thioacrylate, thiomethacraylate, vinyl sulfide, itaconate, crotonate, styrene, and N-vinyl amides, and the like. Examples of cationically polymerizable groups include, but are not limited to: epoxy, oxetane, episulfide, vinyl ether, propenyl ether, allyl ether, and the like. The thiol functional group is also useful especially if stoichiometrically balanced with an ene functional material in the composition as in the well known thiolene photopolymerization. The preferred functional groups are epoxy, acrylate, and methacrylate.
The hydrogenated rubber, if initially functionalized with hydroxyl, amino, or thiol groups, can be first reacted with an excess of a di- or triisocyanate functional compound to form the corresponding urethane, urea, or thiourethane compound. Then the material can be end-capped by reacting it with a hydroxyl functional molecule that also has a free radically or cationically polymerizable group (e.g. hydroxyethyl acrylate, hydroxybutyl vinyl ether, etc). This type of functionalization of the hydrogenated rubber results in a urethane, urea, or thiourethane material with a hydrogenated rubber backbone and end-capped with free radical or cationically polymerizable functional groups.
The functionalized hydrogenated rubber material, if a liquid of an acceptable viscosity for the desired application, can be mixed directly with the proper non-volatile photoinitiator/photosensitizer and photocured. If viscosity adjustment is necessary, any copolymerizable or simultaneously polymerizable component may be used. This component must be compatible with the hydrogenated rubber material. This component must not generate detrimental amount of volatile organic compounds when exposed to UV irradiation when the composition is being cured or used.
If an electron beam is used to induce the polymerization, a photoinitator is only necessary if cationic polymerization is desired. For WV or visible light photocure, a photoinitiator/photosensitizer is necessary. The photoinitiator/photosensitizer component must be non-volatile and also not yield photoproducts that are volatile. Examples of commercially available free radical photoinitiators are but not limited to: Cyracure 6974, Cyracure 6976, Cyracure 6990 and Cyracure 6992 available from Dow Chemical; Esacure KIP 150, Esacure KIP 75 LT and Esacure 1001 available from Lamberti S.p.A; Irgacure 819, 369, 784; CGI 113, 124, 403, and 754 from Ciba Geigy Chemicals Corp.; Chivacure 3482 from Chitec Chemical Co.; ITX, LTX, MEAB and IPPBP from Albermarle Corp.; and BMDS, CTX, CPTX, DETX, and PDA from Aceto Corp. Suitable cationic photoinitiators are but not limited to Rhodorsil 2074 from Rhodia Inc., Sarcat CD-1012, from Sartomer Co., and UV9380C, UV9385C, UV9390C, and UV9392C from General Electric Co. The following compounds, mixtures and compatible combinations thereof, in purified or diluted versions, may be advantageously used as the photoinitiators in the present invention:
The following photosensitizers may be used as well in the composition of matter of the present invention if desired:
It is also possible to blend the free radical polymerizable materials with the cationically curable materials and then on exposure to actinic radiation, both materials simultaneously cure.
Similar to other sealants and adhesives, various inert fillers, particularly inorganic fillers can be used in the composition of matter of the present invention. These fillers may be added to the composition to improve the physical properties of the cured product, and also to modify the rheology of the uncured materials. They can be reinforcing or non-reinforcing. Reinforcing filler may contain surface moieties capable of strong interactions with the cured polymer matrix. They may function to increase the strength and modulus of the cured adhesive. Understandably they may also alter the viscosity of the uncured composition. The extent of such effects is dependent on factors such as filler loading, particle size, shape, and surface chemistry. As non-limiting examples of such fillers, mention can be made of alumina, crystobalite, aluminum trihydroxide, talc, feldspar, calcium carbonate, mica, clay, wallastonite, nepeleline syenite, silica, and the like. Preferably, silica is used as the inert inorganic filler. Preferably, these fillers are those as transparent to the curing UV light as possible so as not to significantly inhibit the UV curing of the composition where UV curing is used. In the case of cationically cured formulations, the filler should be non-alkaline so as not to inhibit the acid cure. For free radically cured systems, the pH of the filler is not as important. The amount of the filler used can range from 0-90%, preferably 0-75%, more preferably 0-50%, by weight of the total composition. Particle size of the fillers should be less than 125 μm, preferably less than 50 μm and more preferably less than 10 μm.
The composition of matter of the present invention can be cured by visible light, UV radiation or by electron beam. One skilled in the art can choose the proper equipment and curing time to fully cure the formulation having the specific composition to a bulk material. For example, when using UV curing at 365 nm, the composition may be advantageously fully cured within 2 hours, preferably within 1 hour, more preferably within 30 minutes, most preferably within 15 minutes. The curing process can be effected at room temperature. It generally does not generate substantial heat, and can be carried out after the uncured composition has been applied. These advantages render the adhesive composition of the present invention particularly suitable for attaching elements of precision devices sensitive to high temperature.
The cured product of the composition of the present invention advantageously has a low modulus ranging from 25 to 10,000 psi (1.7�105 to 6.8�107 Pa), preferably from 50 to 5,000 psi (3.4�105 to 3.4�107 Pa), more preferably from 100 to 2,500 psi (6.8�105 to 1.7�107 Pa).
The adhesive composition of the present invention, upon being properly cured, is a low outgassing material at room temperature when exposed to solar radiation or typical lighting conditions. Therefore, a natural application of it is in clean room and similar environment where low outgassing is preferred or required.
Surprisingly, the present inventors have discovered adhesive composition after cure of the present invention even does not outgas substantially when directly exposed to high energy UV light at wavelength as short as 157 nm for a prolonged period of time and that the outgassed material, in their relatively small amounts, do not tend to contaminate lithographic lens surfaces. This is contrary to typical wisdom that chemical bonds in polyhydrocarbons tend to break subject to the high energy of the UV photons.
As indicated supra, it is well known that the lenses used in deep and vacuum UV photolithography, such as 193 nm and 157 nm, particularly at 157 nm, contamination of the lens surface (CaF2 lenses in 157 nm lithography, for example) can reduce the transmission of the lithographic illumination radiation and thus is highly undesirable. Room temperature curable silicone sealants are notorious for outgassing and strong tendency to contaminate lens surfaces and thus cannot be directly used in these settings.
Since the properly cured adhesive composition of the present invention has low outgassing, even when directly exposed to the lithographical UV radiation at wavelength as short as 157 nm, and the outgassed species do not tend to contaminate lens surfaces, it is ideal for use in lithographical devices at short wavelengths such as deep and vacuum ultraviolet radiation of 248 nm or shorter. It may be used to attach and join various components of these devices. Particularly, it is highly advantageous to be used as lens potting materials to securely fix the lens elements in their housings. Those lenses may be made of high purity fused silica, doped or undoped, or CaF2 or other materials. The lens surfaces may be coated with antireflective coatings, such as magnesium fluoride, aluminum fluoride, calcium fluoride, gadolinium fluoride, thorium fluoride, lanthanum fluoride, yttrium fluoride, neodymium fluoride, dysprosium fluoride, sodium aluminum fluoride, alumina, silica, fluorine-containing silica, hafnia, scandium oxide, thorium oxide, zirconia, yttria, and the like. When used as lens potting material, the adhesive composition of the present invention can, for example, be applied to the desired locations of the lens element or lens housing before cure before or after the lens element is carefully aligned. The adhesive composition is subsequently exposed to visible or UV curing light or electron beam for a short period of time, thereby attaching and fixing the lens element to the housing. Such devices, especially the lithographic devices, comprising the cured composition of matter of the present invention, also constitute an aspect of the present invention.
The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples, which is for illustration purpose only and shall not be interpreted to limit the present invention as claimed in any way.
An UV curable composition was prepared by mixing the following components in the following weight percentages:
Kraton Liquid Polymer L-207
1,12-dodecanediol dimethacrylate
Rhodorsil Photoinitiator 2074
Esacure KIP 150 from Lamberti SpA
Kraton Liquid Polymer L-207 is a hetero-telechelic polymer from Kraton Polymers consisting of a hydrogenated polybutadiene polymer that has a primary hydroxyl functionality on one end and an epoxidized isoprene functionality on the other end. The 1,12-dodecanediol dimethacrylate is Mhromomer BM-721 from Rohm America. Rhodorsil Photoinitiator 2074 is (tolylcumyl) iodonium tetrakis (pentafluorophenyl) borate available from Rhodia Inc. Esacure KIP 150 is oligo [2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-[4-(1-methyl vinyl) phenyl] propane] available from Lamberti SpA. The isopropylthioxanthone is available from Albermarle Corp.
The viscous liquid mixture was drawn down on a glass plate using a 6 mil (1.52�10−2 mm) Bird applicator. The glass plate was placed into an aluminum purge box equipped with a UV transparent lid and a nitrogen inlet. The box was purged with nitrogen for one minute. Then a UV light (Xenon Model RC-500B) situated at 10 inches (25 cm) directly above the purge box was turned on. The sample was exposed for 10 minutes to the UV (˜3000 mJ/cm2) with continuous nitrogen purging. After 4 days at room temperature the 6 mil (1.52�10−2 mm) film was removed from the glass and tested for outgassing using a UV Gerstel Thermal Desorption/GCMS. For this technique, a 25 mg to 30 mg film sample was placed in an empty 7.0 inch (18 cm) long�6.0 mm O.D. glass cartridge and outgassed at 25� C. The 25� C. thermally desorbed VOC's were cryogenically collected for 60.0 minute time period using a constant 15.0 ml/minute helium purge. The outgassed volatiles were identified using GCMS with the following instrument conditions.
GCMS Instrument Conditions:
A series of commercially available adhesives were cured as recommended by their suppliers and tested for their outgassing rates in accordance with the same procedure described in EXAMPLE 1. The outgassing results were then compared with the outgassing rate of the cured composition of EXAMPLE 1. Comparison results are listed in TABLE I below.
Total outgassed
Sampling time/Sample Size
VOC's (μg)
After 5 Days - 27.8 mg
After 10 Days - 26 mg
After 9 Days - 29.5 mg
Cyberbond 4696
After 10 Days - 25.6 mg
DP-190 B/A Translucent
After 7 Days - 27.9 mg
OP-4-20641 (Dymax)
After 28 Days - 19.8 mg
OP-4-20647 (Dymax)
After 28 days - 10.6 mg
OP-4-20655 (Dymax)
Could not be analyzed
(Rubber cement consistency)
After 4 Days - 27.5 mg
Surprisingly, the total amount of outgassed VOC's are markedly lower for the EXAMPLE 1 composition than for all of the commercially available adhesives.
In another test, a commercial room temperature vulcanizing (RTV) silicone rubber was evaluated. RTV silicone materials, in general, are known as low outgassing, rubbery materials (see ASTM method D6411). This material, hereinafter referred to as SiRTV, is listed in the NASA Reference Publication 1061 "Outgassing Data for Selecting Spacecraft Materials" as a molding compound having a total mass loss (TML) of 1% or less and a collected volatile condensable materials (CVCM) of 0.10% or less. It was cured as recommended by the supplier. The cured material was stored at room temperature for different periods of time and then tested or outgassing as above. The test results for SiRTV are listed in TABLE II below:
Sampling Time
Sample Size (mg)
Total Outgassed VOC's (μg)
Day #7 - 145.0 hours
Day #8 - 169.0 hours
Day #9 - 193.0 hours
Day #16 - 356.0 hours
Day #17 - 380.0 hours
Day #24 - 549.0 hours
It should be noted that SiRTV has approximately an order of magnitude higher amount of total outgassed VOC's after 7 days than the EXAMPLE 1 composition has after 4 days. Also, the level of outgassed VOC's for SiRTV does not drop to below those of EXAMPLE 1 until 24 days after cure. It is also important to note that SiRTV is not photocurable and takes 7 days at room temperature to fully cure whereas the composition in EXAMPLE 1 fully cures in 10 minutes at room temperature under the UV light.
The composition in this example demonstrates that pigments can be added to the composition in EXAMPLE 1 to render the liquid material more visible and allow for easier monitoring of the flow of the potting compound before cure. Composition below is in weight percent.
Kraton Liquid Polymer L-207
1,12-dodecanediol dimethacrylate
Rhodorsil 2074
Esacure KIP 150
9R445 (24% organic red pigment in TMPTA paste from Penn
Color Inc.) (TMTPA = Trimethylolpropane triacrylate)
This composition was used to pot three CaF2 lens elements into a stainless steel housing to test for outgassing on exposure to 157 nm light. The cross-section of one potted lens element is illustrated in
The potting material layer 107 on the last element was applied to the element prior to potting. The adhesive layer was cured in an inert environment (N2 purge) for 15 minutes. The distance the element was from the bottom of the reflector housing was approximately 9-10 inches (23 to 25 cm). The adhesive layer was cured using an 80 mW/cm2 UV curing flood source. The peak curing wavelength was 365 nm.
When potting, the elements were placed in the housing and the adhesive (potting material) was applied. The potting material was cured in an inert environment (N2 purge) for two 15-minute cycles. The distance the cells were from the bottom of the reflector housing was approximately 9-10 inches (23 to 25 cm). The adhesive was cured using an 80 mW/cm2 UV curing flood source. The peak curing wavelength was 365 nm. This data was obtained from the manufacture of the UV source (Adac Model Name: Curezone 2). The intensity was measured approximately two inches (5 cm) from the bottom of the reflector housing. The potted elements were placed in a nitrogen purge for 6 hours. After the purge, the cells were placed in a vacuum for a minimum of 8 hours. Twenty-four hours after the initial cure was completed, a secondary cure was performed. The cure was performed in an inert environment (N2 purge) using a Xenon pulsed UV source. The Xenon unit was configured to irradiate at 10 pulses per second. The intensity of the pulses ensures the adhesive was irradiated through the entire thickness. The cure time was 10 minutes at a distance of approximately 5� inches (14 cm) from the bottom of the reflector housing. The intensity of this source, as measured by the manufacture, was 1811 W/cm2 (peak power) measured approximately 1.25 inches (3.18 cm) from the bottom of the reflector housing. The cells were placed in a vacuum for a minimum of 8 hours; followed by a purge cycle of six to eight hours. The potted elements were placed in a final purge cycle of 8 hours prior to 157 nm exposure.
The three potted lens elements were then assembled in a stack as depicted in
A schematic illustration of the testing system setup is provided in
The assembled cells were then purged with nitrogen at 15 psi (1.0�105 Pa). Purge gas from each chamber was sampled for 48 hours at approximately 0.5 liters per minute. The laser was configured to have a repetition rate of 100 Hz. The fluence at the cell was 0.06 mJ/cm2, when the laser gas was fresh. A typical gas fill would last for approximately 750 minutes or 4500000 pulses before the pulse energy would decay. Integrated energy over one gas fill was about 180 J/cm2. A typical energy decay curve is displayed in
Carbotrap 300 multi-bed adsorbent resin traps 511 and 513 were used to sample the atmosphere from the Before Window and After Window of the experimental setup (see
The adsorbent resin trap samples were run using a Gerstel Thermal Desorption/GCMS. The VOC's were thermally desorbed from the adsorbent resin at 325� C. for 15.0 minutes in a constant 15.0 ml/minute helium purge. The outgassed VOC's were cryogenically trapped and identified using GCMS (Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry). The detection limit of the technique is ≈500 ppt (parts per trillion) based on a 720 liter sample volume (400 ng on column).
The total VOC concentration of outgassed products after 48 hours of 157 nm light exposure is shown in TABLE III below.
Total VOC Concentration (ppb)
Composition of
Before Window
After Window
EXAMPLE 4 (Present Invention)
EXAMPLE 5 (SiRTV)
In addition to the need for having a minimal amount of outgassed products, the type of outgassed products is also important. The outgassed products and their concentration for the EXAMPLE 4 formulation is shown in TABLE IV below.
VOC Name (Retention time,
VOC Concentration (ppb)
Before Window
After Window
Benzene (1.86)
Toluene (3.33)
Not Detectable
Isopropyl Benzene (7.88)
Iodobenzene (13.27)
4-Iodoisopropyl benzene (15.95)
For the lens potting material of this example of the present invention, ToF-SIMS analysis of lens surfaces 601 and 603 of all samples showed abundant Ca+2 ion signals suggesting only partial surface of contamination. Contamination species of the surfaces include: silicone from handling, packaging, unclean environment; hydrocarbons both aliphatic and aromatic; phthalates; sodium; sulfur compounds; iodine; and chlorine. Iodine is likely the result of the cationic photoinitiator Rhodorsil 2074 used in the adhesive formulation. In addition, the various aromatic hydrocarbon signals could also come from this compound and other minor additives. No significant presence of methacrylate or epoxy rubber was detected, which are the main constituents of the adhesive. It appears that the iodine-containing photoinitiator was the most dominantly outgassed species that adsorbs onto the lens surfaces. Boron was present at ultra-trace level and it is difficult to determine if it was outgassed from the B-containing initiator. Silicone was detected at small levels on these samples also even though the adhesive itself did not-contain any silicone. This observation points to the tendency of various contaminants to adsorb onto the CaF2 surfaces. It is highly recommended silicone contamination be avoided because of its tenacious bonding to the surface and associated difficulty in removal.
In this example, SiRTV, a room temperature vulcanizing silicone rubber described in EXAMPLE 3, supra, was used to pot CaF2 lenses and tested for outgassing on exposure to 157 nm radiation using the same method, equipment and procedure in accordance with EXAMPLE 4, supra, with the exception that for SiRTV, after the lenses were potted, SiRTV was allowed to cure for ten days at ambient temperature (70� F.) prior to any further work. The 157 nm exposure commenced on the eleventh day. Data of off-gassed VOC's were obtained. Total VOC concentration data are reported in TABLE III. It was found that the VOC's from SiRTV were cyclosiloxane hexamethyl-cyclotrisiloxane (D-3) to hexadecamethylcyclooctasiloxane (D-8). The three cyclosiloxanes with the highest concentration were decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D-5, approximately 13%) dodecamethylcyclohexasiloxane (D-6, approximately 40%) and tetradecamethylcyclohepasiloxane (D-7, approximately 25%). The relative siloxane concentration profile was similar for each sample with the only difference in overall concentration. The peak identification and associated retention time is listed in Table V below.
SiRTV Silicone adhesive
Concentration %
8.75 min
11.84 min
12.31 min
Linear D-5
14.66 min
17.06 min
19.13 min
These siloxane materials are particularly problematic for lens potting. In addition, it has been found that on long term exposure to 157 nm light, the siloxanes can decompose into compounds that can react with the lens surface forming a permanent layer that negatively affects lens function.
In addition to measuring outgassing, ToF-SIMS surface analysis of the CaF2 lens surfaces 601 and 603 was conducted. The results were as follows.
For SiRTV, all samples mounted using this silicone based potting compound were covered with silicone to the extent that the Ca signal from the CaF2 lens itself sample was almost completely blanked. The spectra shows dominant ion signals from silicone or polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). Ion signals of Ca and F were detected at trace levels only. Since ToF-SIMS spectra essentially originate from the outermost monolayer, this observation means that silicone completely covers the surface. Silicone is a well known and useful material, however, it is also a very common contaminant notorious for rapid spreading and difficult removal. Silicone can polymerize and form a siloxane network. In addition, it can bond with the CaF2 surface in a covalent manner such as Ca—O—Si. Given its dominant migration to the CaF2 surface, this compound is highly undesirable for use as a CaF2 lens potting compound.
Phthalate, a common plasticizer and a ubiquitous contaminant, was also detected on all samples. Phthalate may come from polymeric packaging materials and from exposure to the environment.
Sodium from handling and contamination was also detected at trace levels.
In summary and in comparison to EXAMPLE 4, the silicone-based adhesive SiRTV leads to significant outgassing and completely envelopes the lens surface. In contrast, the hydrocarbon-based lens potting material of EXAMPLE 4 causes little outgassing. The dominant species for the latter were iodine-based aromatic photoinitiator photoproducts. Silicone contamination occurs even in the latter case highlighting the need for clean conditions for preparing lens assemblies. Other contaminants include Na, various hydrocarbons, and phthalates at minor levels likely from the environment.
A lens potting material was prepared by mixing the following materials in the following weight percentages:
FM003-53 Hydrogenated rubber diacrylate from Designer
Molecules Inc., San Diego, CA
Irgacure 369 from Ciba Geigy Corp., Tarrytown, NY
Speedure PDA from Aceto Corp, Lake Success, NY
9R445 (24% organic red pigment in TMPTA paste from
PennColor, Inc.)
Speedure PDA = poly[oxy(methyl-1,2-ethylenediyl), α-(4-dimethylamino)benzoyl-ω-butoxy-]
Irgacure 369 = 2-Benzyl-2-N,N-dimethylamino-1-(4-morpholinophenyl)-1-butanone
This composition and the composition of EXAMPLE 4 were poured into a 1 cm�2 cm�2 mm deep glass mold. The mold was placed in a box with a UV transparent (High Purity Fused Silica) lid and purged with nitrogen. The samples were cured with a Xenon Model RC740 UV lamp source at 10 pulse/sec and 5� inches (14 cm) height. A separate sample was cured for each of the exposure times listed in TABLE VI below. Outgassing was evaluated using Thermal Desorption/GCMS.
Total % Weight Loss (Calculated
Wgt/Wgt) for these Exposure Times
2.0 min
4.0 min
8.0 min
16.0 min
32.0 min
64.0 min
The samples were run neat using Gerstel Thermal Desorption/GCMS. A 80 mg to 100 mg film sample was placed in an empty 7.0 inch (18 cm) long�6.0 mm O.D. Glass cartridge and outgassed at 25� C. The 25� C. thermally desorbed VOC's were cryogenically collected at 60.0 minute time period using a constant 15.0 ml/minute helium purge. The outgassed volatiles were identified using GCMS. Data of total weight loss were obtained and reported in TABLE VI. Amount of outgassing is indicated by these total weight loss data.
Note that the total outgassed products after 64.0 minutes of UV exposure is approximately the same for both the EXAMPLE 4 and 6 compositions. From the total weight loss percentage data, it appears that, for the composition of EXAMPLE 4, curing time longer than 16 minutes does not alter outgassing amount significantly, indicating that the composition was fully cured after 16 minutes of UV exposure. However, for the composition of EXAMPLE 6, there is a general trend that below 64 minutes curing time, the longer the curing time, the lower the total outgassing amount.
Kraton L-207
DD-36 Dimer diol (Jarchem Industries, Newark, NJ)
TJFS20 silica powder (4F International Co., Gainesville, FL)
Dispersion of 5% Cyracure 6974 (Dow Chemical) in Kraton
L-207 (Cyracure 6974 is a 50% solution of mixed
triarylsulfonium hexafluoroantimonate salts in propylene
carbonate from Dow Chemical.)
This composition (shown above in weight percent) was drawn down onto a 4 inch (10 cm) diameter silicon wafer using a 6 mil (1.52�10−2 mm) Bird applicator on top of 10 mil (2.54�10−2 mm) thick shims to give a layer about 16 mil (4.06�10−2 mm) thick. The coated silicon wafer was placed in a box with a UV transparent (High Purity Fused Silica) lid and purged with nitrogen. The sample was cured with a Xenon Model RC-740 UV lamp source at 10 pulse/sec, 5� inches (14 cm) height for 30 minutes. After storage in a desiccator for 48 hours, the sample was exposed to 157 nm radiation for ˜7.5 J/cm2 at a fluence of ˜51 μJ/cm2 pulse at 200 Hz for ˜12 minutes. The headspace vapors were collected and the outgassed products were:
Simple saturated alkanes
Functionalized alkanes (alkenes mostly, some alcohols)
Aromatic compounds (benzene only)
There was no detected silicon, iodine, or sulfur compounds, just hydrocarbons. The top few chemicals found, along with their signal (not concentration) as a percentage of the total is listed below.
Pentanal, 3-methyl-
Butane, 2-methyl-
Hexane, 3-methyl-
Pentane, 3-methyl-
Hexane, 2,4-dimethyl-
Undecane, 6-methyl-
This example indicates that inert inorganic fillers can be added into the adhesive composition of the present invention while still attaining low outgassing.
Kraton L-207
DD-36 Dimer diol
TJFS05 silica powder
Dispersion of 5% Cyracure 6974 in Kraton L-207
The above composition (in weight percent) was UV cured as in EXAMPLE 4. The sample was then subjected to ASTM-E-595-93 (1999) Standard Test Method for Total Mass Loss and Collected Volatile Condensable Materials from Outgassing in a Vacuum Environment. The results show the above UV cured composition passes all three of the specifications of this test.
% Total Mass Loss
% Collected Volatile
Condensable Materials
% Water Vapor Regain
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and alterations can be made to the present invention without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention. Thus, it is intended that the present invention cover the modifications and variations of this invention provided they come within the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents.
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|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|14 May 2013
|University Of Southern Mississippi
|Photocuable thiol-ene low gas permeability membranes
|7 Oct 2011
|23 Jul 2013
|Corning Incorporated
|Systems and methods for performing photoreactions using light-diffusing optical fiber
|20 Mar 2012
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|Dsm Ip Assets B.V.
|Method and composition for reducing waste in photo-imaging applications
|6 Apr 2009
|8 Oct 2009
|Hoyle Charles E
|Photocurable Thiol-Ene Low Gas Permeability Membranes
|12 Aug 2010
|Dsm Ip Assets B.V.
|Method and composition for reducing waste in photo-imaging applications
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|Corning Incorporated
|Systems and methods for performing photoreactions using light-diffusing optical fiber
|2 Oct 2014
|16 Apr 2015
|Corning Incorporated
|Lens assemblies and optical systems incorporating lens assemblies
|U.S. Classification
|522/14, 522/23, 522/46, 522/53, 522/158, 522/157, 522/83, 522/39, 522/66, 522/31, 522/16, 522/42, 522/161, 522/64
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|7 Nov 2003
Owner name: CORNING INCORPORATED, NEW YORK
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:SABIA, ROBERT;SAUER, DAVID C.;SHUSTACK, PAUL J.;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:014687/0950;SIGNING DATES FROM 20031028 TO 20031104
|14 Feb 2011
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|16 Feb 2015
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 8


text:
At Riverside Middle School, students are getting ZAPped.
They get ZAPped in. They get ZAPped out.
ZAP - or Zero's Aren't Permitted - is a new support structure that Principal Lacey Moser and her administration team have put in place for Riverside students.
Students who fail to turn in homework or assignments or need to make up tests or quizzes receive a ZAP in ticket. Riverside teachers create a list of students missing assignments, and students must give up their lunch and recess time (they can eat their lunch while in ZAP) and dedicate the time to completing their missing assignments.
The philosophy behind ZAP, a program that has been implemented in many schools nationwide, is that multiple zeros make it impossible for a student to be successful in class.
"ZAP isn't about failing," said Moser. "It's about Zeros Aren't Permitted. Let's not wait until a student is missing seven assignments and they are so deep in a hole that they don't feel like they can get out of it."
In addition, ZAP prepares students for life beyond their K-12 education. To be successful in a job, not completing projects, or completing them poorly simply is not an option. ZAP teaches that quality work and personal responsibility are essential to success and forces students to develop those habits.
Each of the Riverside administrators has committed to taking a grade level. Moser has seventh-graders. Once students have completed their work to the teacher's satisfaction, they receive a ZAP out ticket.
"We know that middle school students aren't motivated by zeros," said Moser. "This is an intervention for students that may need some help with time management, or that just need some extra help."
It has also helped the Riverside Administration develop deeper relationships with the student body.
"I know more kids. I am more involved with them on a daily level, and the teachers appreciate it because they see us helping keep our kids accountable," she added.
Moser said her list may begin with 90 students every week, but by the end of day one, at least half have ZAPped out. In addition, she said the number of students on the "A-B Honor Roll" has increased, and the number of students failing one or more classes has dropped significantly.
The students appreciate the extra time the Riverside administrators are putting into their education as well.
"ZAP helps me get things done," said Maryana Bustillos. "I like that we can be in there, and it's quiet and we can get our work done. I'm glad that Riverside does this because it provides time for us."
For more information about the Garfield Re-2 School District, contact Theresa Hamilton at 665-7621.