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REPORT No. 111/11
July 22, 2011
1. This report refers to two petitions, one filed on behalf of José Félix Arce Apaza (P 240-00)[1] and the other on behalf of Luis Enrique Quispe Vega (P 4582-02)[2] [hereinafter also "the alleged victims"] in which it is alleged that the Republic of Peru (hereinafter also "Peru," "the State," or "the Peruvian State") violated rights enshrined in the American Convention on Human Rights (hereinafter also "the American Convention" or "the Convention") and in the Inter-American Convention to Prevent and Punish Torture. The petitions argue that the alleged victims were detained and convicted under decree-laws on terrorism adopted during the government of Alberto Fujimori. It is said that those decrees, as well as the criminal proceedings that stemmed from them, are contrary to a series of provisions of the American Convention. It is indicated that the alleged victims were convicted based on evidence fabricated by the National Police of Peru, witness statements, and representations of co-defendants made without guarantees of due process.
2. The State argued that the proceedings brought against the alleged victims were substantiated in keeping with the provisions pre-established in the domestic law, and that they were convicted by impartial and competent courts, with strict observance of due process guarantees. It stated that in early 2003 a new legislative framework was adopted on terrorism that is in line with the American Convention and the Constitution of Peru. It argued that the facts narrated in the complaints do not tend to establish violations of provisions of the Convention and asked that the IACHR find them inadmissible under Article 47(b) of the Convention.
3. After examining the parties' positions in light of the admissibility requirements set forth in Articles 46 and 47 of the Convention, the Commission concluded that it is competent to examine the petitions and that they are admissible for the alleged violation of the rights enshrined in Articles 5, 7, 9, 11, 8, and 25, as related to Articles 1(1) and 2 of the American Convention, as well as Articles 1, 6, and 8 of the Inter-American Convention to Prevent and Punish Torture. The Commission decided to join the petitions and process them together in the merits stage, as case number 12.826. Finally, it decided to notify the parties of this Admissibility Report, make it public, and include it in its Annual Report to the OAS General Assembly.
4. Petition 240-00 was filed on May 18, 2000, and the petitioner submitted additional information on July 18, 2000, and April 3, 2006. On November 19, 2008, that documentation was forwarded to the State, which was given two months to file its response. On February 24, 2009, the State sent its response, and on October 15 and November 2, 2009, it forwarded additional briefs. The petitioner sent additional information on May 7 and 27, 2009 and June 8, 2010.
5. Petition 4582-02 was received on December 3, 2002, and on May 9, 2006, the petitioners submitted additional information. On November 19, 2008, that documentation was forwarded to the State, which was given two months to submit its response. On February 24, 2009, the Peruvian State filed its response, and on March 13 and November 2, 2009, it sent additional communications.
Preliminary Issue
6. In the complaints considered in the instant report, the petitioners and the State described criminal proceedings under decree-laws on terrorism promulgated during the government of former President Alberto Fujimori. Those decrees were in force until the adoption of a new legislative framework on terrorism in January and February 2003. Before describing the position of the parties, the IACHR deems that it is necessary to refer to the regulatory frameworks mentioned by the parties.
Antiterrorist legislation in force from May 1992 to January 2003
7. Decree Law No. 25475, dealing with different forms of the crime of terrorism, was enacted in May 1992. In August of that year, Decree Law No. 25659 was enacted, criminalizing the offense of treason against the fatherland and giving the military justice system jurisdiction over the prosecution of that crime. Those decrees, along with decrees Nos. 25708, 25744, 25880, and other complementary provisions, equipped the Peruvian legal system with exceptional procedures for investigating, examining, and prosecuting individuals accused of terrorism or treason against the fatherland.
8. The decrees that made up what was known as the "antiterrorist legislation" had the stated purpose of reining in the escalation of targeted killings against officers of the judiciary, elected officials, and members of the security forces, as well as of disappearances, bombings, kidnappings and other indiscriminate acts of violence against the civilian population in different regions of Peru, attributed to outlawed insurgent groups.
9. Among other changes, these decrees allowed the holding of suspects incommunicado for specified lengths of time,[3] holding closed hearings, solitary confinement during the first year of prison terms,[4] and summary deadlines for presenting charges and issuing judgments in the case of the crime of treason against the fatherland.[5] In addition, these decrees denied suspects the assistance of a legal representative prior to their first statement to an agent of the Public Prosecution Service[6] and restricted the attorney's participation in the criminal proceedings, disallowed the recusal of judges or other judicial officers,[7] established concealed identities for judges and prosecutors ("faceless courts"),[8] prevented the summoning, as witnesses, of state agents who had participated in preparing the police arrest report.[9]
10. As for their provisions of material law, these decrees allowed for the possibility of applying more than one criminal offense to actions of a similar or identical nature; they did not differentiate between different levels of mens rea;[10] and they only indicated minimum prison terms, without setting maximum penalties.[11]
11. On May 12, 1992, the Executive Branch of Government passed Decree-Law 25499, also called the Repentance Law, which regulated the reduction, exemption, remission or mitigation of imprisonment sentences for persons charged or convicted for the crime of terrorism who provided information leading to the capture of chiefs, heads, leaders or principal members of terrorist organizations.[12] By means of Supreme Decree No. 015-93-JUS of May 8, 1993, the Executive Branch adopted the Regulations for the Repentance Law, which provided, among other measures, the secrecy or change of identity for the repentant persons making the statement.[13] The Repentance Law expired on October 31, 1994.[14]
Antiterrorist legislation in force as of January 2003
12. On January 3, 2003, a series of provisions contained in the terrorism decree-laws enacted during the Fujimori administration were ruled unconstitutional by the Constitutional Court.[15] That decision ruled Decree Law 25659 unconstitutional and ordered accusations for the crime of treason against the fatherland as defined therein to be tried as terrorism, as provided for in Decree Law 25475. In addition, it annulled the provisions that prevented the recusal of judges and the subpoena of officers involved in the police arrest report as witnesses and the provisions that allowed civilians to be tried by military courts. At the same time, absolute incommunicado detention and solitary confinement during the first year of prison terms were also ruled unconstitutional.
13. With reference to the crime of terrorism, the Constitutional Court upheld the legality of Article 2 of Decree Law No. 25475, but ruled that it would apply solely to willful acts; it also established interpretative guidelines for the subsumption of a punishable action in the definitions of the offense.
14. With regard to statements, arrest warrants, technical and expert opinions given before faceless judges, the Constitutional Court ruled that they were not automatically tainted and that the regular civilian judges hearing the new charges would have to verify their worth as evidence, conscientiously and in conjunction with other substantiating elements as set down in regular criminal procedural law.[16]
15. Between January and February 2003, the Executive Branch[17] issued Legislative Decrees Nos. 921, 922, 923, 924, 925, 926, and 927,[18] with the aim of bringing the country's laws into line with the Constitutional Court's judgment of January 3, 2003. In general terms, those decrees ordered the voiding of all judgments and trials conducted before the military courts or faceless judicial officers, together with the referral of all such proceedings to the National Terrorism Chamber, further named National Criminal Chamber, which was created within the Supreme Court of Justice and charged with distributing the new trials to the Specialized Criminal Courts. The new antiterrorist legislation also provided for partially open hearings during oral proceedings[19] and prohibited the imposition of harsher sentences than those that had been handed down in the voided trials.[20]
A. The petitioners' position
1. Common arguments
16. In the petitions considered in the instant report it was argued that the alleged victims were prosecuted and convicted for the crime of terrorism, with the preliminary proceeding, trial, and criminal enforcement regulated by the "antiterrorist legislation" adopted as of May 1992. The petitioners indicated that decrees that made up that legislation are incompatible with the 1979 Constitution of Peru, in force when it was issued, and the 1993 Constitution of Peru, as well as international human rights treaties ratified by Peru. They asserted that the charges brought by the Office of the General Prosecutor were based on evidence fabricated by the National Police (planted evidence), statements by third persons made under coercion and accusations by persons who waived themselves from the benefits of the Repentance Law, without any possibility of questioning these persons since the initial stages of the criminal proceeding.
17. They asserted that the alleged victims were subjected to abuse and torture by the police officers who detained them and during the stay in prison. As regards the conditions of detention, it was indicated that they suffered isolation for periods greater than 23 hours a day; they did not have any socio-pedagogic activities geared to their reinsertion, they were continuously transferred to localities far from their immediate family, and in some cases housed in prisons with extremely low temperatures and precarious conditions of detention, and with a series of restrictions on the right to receive visits.
2. Specific arguments
José Félix Arce Apaza (P 240-00)
18. The petitioners alleged that on January 16, 1999, José Félix Arce Apaza was detained at the home of his ex-wife by officers of the National Directorate Against Terrorism (DINCOTE as in its Spanish acronym). They stated that the police who participated in the operation planted evidence in the home with the intent of involving him in the insurgent group Shining Path (Sendero Luminoso). They indicated that a representative of the General Prosecutor appeared there after the search, and signed the respective arrest and seizure report without exercising any control whatsoever over the legality of the police conduct.
19. The petitioners alleged that the criminal proceeding brought against Mr. José Félix Arce Apaza was plagued by irregularities, violating the principle of legality, constantly violating the right to due process and judicial protection. They indicated that the judges in charge of the case refused to pursue the evidentiary leads proposed by the alleged victim's attorney, and kept him from questioning the witnesses who testified against him.
20. According to the information presented, on May 22, 1999, the alleged victim was convicted and sentenced to 15 years deprivation of liberty by the National Corporative Criminal Chamber for Terrorism Cases (Sala Nacional Corporativa Penal para Casos de Terrorismo), a decision that was appealed and subsequently affirmed by the Supreme Court of Justice on November 24, 1999. It was indicated that those judgments impute to Mr. Arce Apaza facts of which he was already acquitted in earlier proceedings, and it is adduced that the crime of which he was convicted was not in the complaint presented by the Public Ministry, which they adduced violated his right to defense.
21. The petitioners indicated that Mr. José Félix Arce was initially held at the Socabaya prison, but that on November 29, 2001, he was transferred to the Challapalca prison in Tacna, department of Puno, located more than 4,600 meters above sea level, with extremely low temperatures. They alleged that when he was taken into the second prison he was beaten for several hours, sprayed with pepper gas, and subjected to electric shocks. They alleged that these acts of violence and the conditions of detention to which he was subjected resulted in a fractured neck, chronic pharyngitis, and pulmonary pains. It is indicated that on December 27, 2001, the alleged victim filed a habeas corpus action before the criminal courts of Puno in order to demand his transfer to Challapalca prison to be overturned. It was noted that the habeas corpus action was found to have merit on final appeal by the Constitutional Court on November 20, 2002, resulting in the return of the alleged victim to the Socabaya prison in Arequipa on December 29, 2002.
22. The petitioners indicated that in view of the change in the terrorism laws that went into effect in January and February 2003, Mr. Arce Apaza filed a writ of habeas corpus on October 7, 2004, seeking annulment of the criminal proceeding against him. They argued that on November 22, 2004, the Specialized Judge for Criminal Matters of Arequipa found the action filed inadmissible, a decision that was affirmed by at all levels of judicial appeal.
23. Finally, the petitioners alleged that the State is responsible for violating the rights protected in Articles 1, 2, 5, 7, 8, 9, and 25 of the American Convention on Human Rights.
Luis Enrique Quispe Vega (P 4582-02)
24. The petitioners alleged that Luis Enrique Quispe was first detained on March 8, 1989, by officers of the National Police of Peru, who took him, that same day, to a police station in Lima and subsequently to DINCOTE facilities. On that first occasion he was accused of the crime of terrorism, and was acquitted by the Thirteenth Correctional Court of the Superior Court of Lima on December 5, 1990. It is indicated that during his detention Mr. Luis Quispe was subjected to physical and psychological torture and forced to sign a blank sheet of paper that years later would be used as evidence to incriminate him. As the petitioners described it, police agents beat him and threatened to kill him, placing a firearm to his temple, forcing him to plead guilty of belonging to Shining Path. They alleged that special reports of a forensic physician in the record of the proceeding decided on last appeal on December 5, 1990 describe acts of torture to the detriment of Mr. Quispe Vega. It was adduced that days after having been detained Mr. Quispe Vega was presented to the media by members of the National Police and called a "terrorist."
25. The petitioners argued that Mr. Quispe Vega was detained on a second occasion on October 31, 1997, and accused subsequently of the crime of treason before the military jurisdiction, as a result of statements by a person who had accepted the benefits of the Repentance Law. They indicated that on November 13, 1999, the Supreme Council of Military Justice disqualified itself from hearing the case and referred the file to the ordinary courts. They noted that on April 27, 2000, the Third Criminal Chamber of the Superior Court of Justice of La Libertad acquitted Mr. Quispe Vega of the crime of terrorism. The applicants did not indicate whether such judgment is now final.
26. The petitioners alleged that in tandem with all the foregoing, on July 16, 1993, the Supreme Court of Justice had annulled the first judgment of acquittal in favor of Mr. Quispe Vega, of December 5, 1990, on the grounds that the evidence had not been properly assessed. They indicated that the alleged victim was not aware of that resolution of annulment until August 2000, when he went voluntarily to the judicial authorities. They stated that he was arrested for the third time on November 30, 2000, and released on December 1, 2000, under probation.
27. According to the information presented, on March 2, 2001, the Superior National Corporative Criminal Chamber for Terrorism Cases (hereinafter "the National Chamber for Terrorism Cases") convicted him and sentenced him to 15 years in prison and other accessory penalties. It was indicated that on November 23, 2001, the Criminal Chamber of the Supreme Court of Justice ruled that there had not been any nullity in the judgment of the trial court, and nonetheless reduced the period of deprivation of liberty to 10 years. The petitioners argued that the attorney for the alleged victim was not notified of the judgment, and that he learned of it on June 3, 2002, when certified copies of the record were given to him. According to the information presented, that documentation had been previously requested to the National Chamber on Terrorism.
28. The petitioners argued that members of the National Police together with the Office of the General Prosecutor manipulated the evidence to the detriment of the alleged victim. They indicated that the verdict of the National Chamber on Terrorism was based mainly on a supposedly adulterated report on the seizure of a firearm and a blank paper sheet signed by Mr. Quispe Vega allegedly under coercion and torture at the facilities of the police station of Lima in March 1989, which was them turned into a self-incriminating statement.
29. Finally, the petitioners alleged that the State is responsible for violating the rights enshrined in Articles 1, 5, 7, and 8 of the American Convention, and Articles 2, 6, 8, and 10 of the Inter-American Convention to Prevent and Punish Torture.
B. The State's position
1. Common arguments
30. The State argued that the proceedings against the alleged victims were conducted in keeping with the provisions pre-established in the legislation of Peru, that they were assisted by attorneys freely chosen or appointed by the courts, and that they could pursue the remedies provided for in Peruvian legislation without any restriction whatsoever. It stated that the criminal proceedings were decided upon by independent and impartial judges who based their decisions on the evidence produced in the different stages of the proceedings. It stated that it was not up to the IACHR to take the place of the domestic organs when it comes to weighing evidence produced at trial and in determining the criminal liability of the alleged victims, especially when those organs acted within the rules of a fair trial.
31. The State noted that in January and February 2003 legislative reforms were made regarding the investigation, prosecution, and criminal enforcement for the crime of terrorism, which implied annulling the trials conducted in the 1990s by military judges or civilian judges whose identities were kept secret.[21] It argued that this new legislative framework is in line with the standards of the inter-American human rights system and the Constitution of Peru.
32. The State did not present information on investigations eventually opened into the alleged torture and inhuman conditions of detention to the detriment of the alleged victims, and did not make any allegation on the admissibility requirements set forth at Article 46(1) of the American Convention. It argued that the facts alleged in the complaints do not tend to establish a violation of rights protected in the American Convention and asked that the IACHR find them inadmissible pursuant to Article 47(b) of the same treaty. Finally, the State attached a copy of the judicial resolutions handed down in the proceedings against the alleged victims.
2. Specific arguments
José Félix Arce Apaza (P 240-00)
33. The State made a narration similar to that of the petitioners with respect to the judicial resolutions issued throughout the criminal proceeding against Mr. José Félix Arce Apaza. It argued that the victim was convicted based on Article 5 of Decree-Law No. 25475, whose contents were not derogated or modified by the Constitutional Court in its judgment of January 3, 2003. According to its own interpretation, it asserted that in recent judgments the Inter-American Court of Human Rights has expressed that Article 5 of Decree-Law No. 25475 is not incompatible with the prohibition of ex post facto laws established in Article 9 of the Convention.
34. With respect to the arguments that Mr. Arce Apaza was convicted of a crime not mentioned in the prosecutorial indictment, the State asserted that based on the principle of alternative determination (principio de determinación alternativa) a court can adjust the criminal charges brought by the prosecution to the corresponding criminal law definition.
Luis Enrique Quispe Vega (P 4582-02)
35. The State submitted a statement of facts similar to that of the petitioners with respect to the judgments handed down in the proceedings against Mr. Luis Enrique Quispe Vega. It asserted that those proceedings were processed in keeping with the provisions in force at the moment the acts were committed, and that the trial was held respecting the principle of legality. It noted that the criminal law definitions of which he was convicted are Articles 288-A and 288-C of the Criminal Code, so long as the acts of which he was accused had occurred prior to the enactment of Decree-Law 25475. The State asserted that the sentence imposed on Mr. Quispe Vega derived from a regular proceeding respectful of the rights to judicial guarantees and judicial protection.
A. Competence of the Commission ratione personae, ratione loci, ratione temporis and ratione materiae
36. The petitioners are authorized by Article 44 of the Convention to file complaints. The alleged victims are individuals who were under the jurisdiction of the Peruvian State as of the date of the facts alleged. Peru ratified the American Convention on July 28, 1978. Accordingly, the Commission is competent ratione personae to examine the petitions.
37. The Commission is competent ratione loci to take cognizance of the petitions, insofar as they allege violations of rights protected by the American Convention said to have taken place in the territory of a state party to that treaty.
38. In addition, the Commission is competent ratione temporis, for the obligation to respect and ensure the rights protected in the American Convention was already in force for the State as of the dates of the facts alleged in the petitions.
39. Finally, the Commission is competent ratione materiae, because as will be explained in the section on characterization infra, the petitions considered in this report allege facts that tend to establish the violation of rights protected by the American Convention and by the Inter-American Convention to Prevent and Punish Torture, whose instrument of ratification was deposited by Peru on March 28, 1991.
B. Exhaustion of domestic remedies
40. Article 46(1)(a) of the American Convention provides that in order for a complaint presented to the Inter-American Commission pursuant to Article 44 of the Convention to be admissible, it is necessary that one have pursued and exhausted domestic remedies, in keeping with the generally accepted principles of international law. The purpose of this is to enable the domestic authorities to take cognizance of the alleged violation of a protected right and, if appropriate, to have the opportunity to solve it before it is taken up by an international body.
41. The petitions considered in the instant report raise, first, alleged acts of torture and ill-treatment allegedly committed by state agents. Based on the available information, those facts were reported to the organs of the domestic jurisdiction by means of briefs on behalf of the accused and habeas corpus actions.
42. The precedents established by the Commission indicate that every time a crime subject to public prosecution is perpetrated, the State has the obligation to promote and give impetus to the criminal proceedings, and that, in those cases, this is the suitable jurisdiction for clarifying the facts, prosecuting those responsible and establishing the corresponding criminal sanctions, as well as opening the door to any possible reparations. The facts stated by the petitioners in relation to acts of torture and other alleged injuries to personal integrity translate in domestic law into criminal conduct whose investigation and trial must be pursued at the initiative of the prosecutorial authorities, and therefore this is the adequate remedy for the claims in this petition.[22]
43. The Peruvian State has not presented information on investigations opened into the alleged torture and subhuman conditions of detention to the detriment of the alleged victims, nor has it filed an objection of failure to exhaust domestic remedies.
44. The instant petitions also raise a number of arguments related to the criminal proceedings and the alleged violation of due process guarantees. With respect to petition 240-00, the information presented indicates that the criminal proceeding against Mr. José Félix Arce Apaza culminated with the final judgment by the Supreme Court of Justice of November 24, 1999. That information also indicates that Mr. Arce Apaza filed a writ of habeas corpus with the Sixth Specialized Criminal Court of Arequipa, seeking annulment of the criminal proceeding against him.[23] According to the parties' allegations, that action was declared unfounded on November 22, 2004. As for petition 4582-02, the parties have indicated that on November 23, 2001, the Supreme Court of Justice issued a final judgment of conviction against Mr. Luis Enrique Quispe Vega.
45. Based on the foregoing considerations, the IACHR concludes that both petitions satisfy the requirement provided for at Article 46(1)(a) of the Convention.
C. Time period for submitting a petition
46. Article 46(1)(b) of the Convention establishes for a petition to be admissible it must be submitted within six months from the date on which the interested person was notified of the final decision that exhausted domestic remedies. This rule does not apply when the Commission finds that one of the exceptions to the exhaustion of domestic remedies rule set forth at Article 46(2) of the Convention applies. In those cases, the Commission must determine whether the petition was presented in a reasonable time, in keeping with Article 32 of its Rules of Procedure.
47. According to what is narrated at paragraph 44 supra, the criminal proceeding against José Félix Arce Apaza concluded with the final judgment of the Supreme Court of Justice of November 24, 1999. In addition, a habeas corpus action brought by him seeking annulment of the criminal proceeding was dismissed on November 22, 2004, subsequent to the filing of the petition before the Commission. Accordingly, the requirement established at Article 46(1)(b) has been satisfied.
48. With respect to petition 4582-02, the applicants noted that while the Supreme Court of Justice handed down a final judgment on November 23, 2001, Mr. Luis Enrique Quispe Vega's legal representative was not notified of that decision and only learned of its content when he received the certified copies of the file from the National Chamber on Terrorism on June 3, 2002.[24] Given that the Peruvian State has not presented any documentation that refutes those allegations, nor has it filed any preliminary objections with respect to the requirement provided for in Article 46(1)(b) of the Convention, the IACHR considers that petition 4582-02, being filed on December 3, 2002, satisfies that admissibility requirement.
49. As for the allegations on the conditions of detention, torture, and other alleged violations of the right to humane treatment made in both petitions, as indicated in paragraph 41 supra, those alleged facts were said to have been reported to the judicial authorities on different occasions. Given the absence of arguments by the State and of information in the record on the opening up of criminal investigations as of the date of adoption of this report, the IACHR considers that the two petitions were submitted in a reasonable time with respect to those arguments.
D. Duplication of procedure and international res judicata
50. Article 46(1)(c) of the Convention provides that the admission of the petitions is subject to the requirement that the matter "is not pending in another international proceeding for settlement," and Article 47(d) of the Convention stipulates that the Commission shall not admit a petition that substantially reproduces a prior petition or communication already examined by the Commission or another international body. In the petitions considered in the instant report, the parties have not raised the existence of those circumstances, nor can they be deduced from the record.
E. Characterization of the facts alleged
51. For the purpose of admissibility, the Commission must determine whether the petition describes facts that tend to establish a violation, as stipulated in Article 47.b), of the American Convention and whether the petition is "manifestly groundless" or "obviously out of order," according to subparagraph c) of the same article. This criteria used to examine these claims are different from the ones required to decide upon the merits of a complaint. The Commission must conduct a prima facie evaluation not for the purpose of establishing an alleged violation but to examine whether the petition reports facts that tend to establish grounds for the apparent or potential violation of a right guaranteed by the American Convention. This examination is a preliminary review that does not imply a prejudgment of the merits, neither does it suggest any opinion on the merits of the dispute.
52. In view of the elements presented by the parties, the IACHR considers that the circumstances in which the detention of the alleged victims took place, the alleged acts of torture, and the conditions of detention at the DINCOTE and other prison facilities could characterize a violation of the rights enshrined in Articles 5 and 7, in conjunction with Articles 1(1) and 2 of the American Convention; and of the rights enshrined in Articles 1, 6, and 8 of the Inter-American Convention to Prevent and Punish Torture, all to the detriment of José Félix Arce Apaza and Luis Enrique Quispe Vega. In addition, the IACHR considers that the effects of the facts referred to in this paragraph, as well as the alleged incommunicado detention of the alleged victims for long periods and restrictions on the right to receive visits could characterize a violation of the right enshrined in Article 5(1) of the Convention, also to the detriment of their next-of-kin.
53. With respect to the allegations around the criminal proceedings in the military and regular jurisdictions, as well as the alleged incompatibility of the legal framework in which the facts unfolded with the American Convention, the IACHR considers that they could characterize a violation of the rights enshrined in Articles 9, 8, and 25, in conjunction with Articles 1(1) and 2 of said instrument, all to the detriment of José Félix Arce Apaza and Luis Enrique Quispe Vega.
54. As for the alleged search without a judicial warrant of the residence where Mr. José Félix Arce Apaza was on January 19, 1999, and the alleged public presentation of Mr. Luis Enrique Quispe Vega as a "terrorist" by members of the National Police of Peru, the Commission will evaluate at the merits stage whether those facts entail a violation of the right provided for in Article 11 of the American Convention.
55. Finally, as it is not manifest or evident that the petitions considered in this report are groundless or out of order, the Commission concludes that they meet the requirements established at Articles 47(b) and (c) of the American Convention.
56. Based on the arguments of fact and law indicated above and without prejudging the merits of the case, the Inter-American Commission concludes that the petition meets the admissibility requirements set forth in Articles 46 and 47 of the American Convention, and therefore
1. To declare admissible petitions 240-00 and 4582-02 in relation to Articles 5, 7, 9, 11, 8, and 25 of the American Convention in connection with the obligations established at Articles 1(1) and 2 of the same instrument, and in relation to Articles 1, 6, and 8 of the Inter-American Convention to Prevent and Punish Torture.
2. To notify the State and the petitioners of this decision.
3. The join the petitions considered in the instant Admissibility Report and include the matters in the registry as Case 12.826 and begin processing the case on the merits.
4. To publish this decision and include it in the Annual Report to be presented to the General Assembly of the OAS.
Done and signed in the city of Washington, D.C., on the 22nd day of July 2011. (Signed): Dinah Shelton, President; José de Jesús Orozco Henríquez, First Vice-President; Paulo Sérgio Pinheiro, Felipe González, and María Silvia Guillén, Commission Members.
[1] Filed on May 18, 2000, on his own behalf and by Ursula Arce Apaza and Teresa Arce Apaza.
[2] Filed on December 3, 2002, on his own behalf and by the Fundación Ecuménica para el Desarrollo y la Paz (FEDEPAZ).
[3] Decree Law No. 25475, Art. 12(d).
[4] Decree Law No. 25475, Art. 20.
[5] Investigations, prosecutions, and sentencing for treason against the fatherland were governed by Decree Laws Nos. 25708 and 25744.
[6] The right to the assistance of freely chosen defense counsel from the very onset of criminal proceedings was later established by Article 2 of Law No. 26447.
[7] Decree Law No. 25475, Art. 13(h).
[8] With the enactment of Law 26671 on October 12, 1996, faceless judges and prosecutors were abolished.
[9] Decree Law No. 25744, Art. 2.
[10] Decree Law No. 25475, Art. 2.
[11] Decree Law No. 25475, Art. 3.
[12] Decree Law No. 25499, Articles 1.II.a and 1.III.
[13] Supreme Decree No. 015-93-JUS, Articles 8.a and 36.
[14] The Repentance Law was repealed by Law 26345 of August 30, 1994.
[15] Resolution of the Constitutional Court of January 3, 2003, File No. 010-2002-AI/TC, unconstitutionality suit filed by Marcelino Tineo Silva and other citizens.
[16] Resolution of the Constitutional Court of January 3, 2003, File No. 010-2002-AI/TC, unconstitutionality suit filed by Marcelino Tineo Silva and other citizens, grounds paragraph No. 159.
[17] On January 8, 2003, the Congress of the Republic of Peru enacted Law 27913, whereby it delegated the power to legislate on terrorism-related matters to the Executive Branch.
[18] Legislative Decree 927 regulated the criminal law enforcement in matters of terrorism. It was derogated by the Law 29423 of October 14, 2009, which rendered inapplicable the requests for reduction of prison sentence, partial liberty and conditional parole by persons convicted of terrorism.
[19] Legislative Decree No. 922, Art. 12(8).
[20] Legislative Decree No. 922, fifth complementary provision.
[21] Article 2 of Legislative Decree 926 of February 20, 2003, establishes as follows:
The National Chamber on Terrorism, progressively and in a period not greater than 60 working days from the entry into force of this Legislative Decree, shall annul, at its own motion, unless there is an express waiver by the prisoner, the convictions, trials and the indictment in criminal proceedings where judges or prosecutors with secret identities have participated.
[22] IACHR, Report No. 99/09, Petition 12.335, Colombia, Gustavo Giraldo Villamizar Durán, October 29, 2009,
para. 33.
[23] Article 4 of the Peruvian Code of Constitutional Procedure establishes: "Habeas corpus is available when a firm judicial resolution manifestly violates individual liberty and effective procedural protection."
[24] Initial brief filed in petition 4582-02, received on December 3, 2002, annexes, note sent by David L. Velazco Róndón, defense counsel of the alleged victim, with a seal showing it was received by the National Chamber on Terrorism on March 11, 2002.


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The US owned the consumer electronics industry until the 1980s when the Japanese took it from them with colour TVs and VCRs which were of vastly superior quality, reliability and price to their US equivalents. Apple and Microsoft have made a valiant effort to wrest back that lead with the iPod, iPhone, stunning looking MacBooks and, of course, Microsoft's Xbox games machines. Rupert Goodwins very kindly directed me to a blog about Microsoft's horrendous problems with the quality levels on the XBox 360 at http://blog.seattlepi.nwsource.com/digitaljoystick/archives/129866.asp , and to a perceptive blog of his own on the subject at http://community.zdnet.co.uk/blog/0,1000000567,10007101o-2000331777b,00.htm Goodwins' blog is perceptive because it highlights the basic difference between US manufacturing methods and Japanese manufacturing methods. Whereas Apple and Microsoft use the 'horizontal' model for manufacturing, i.e the model developed by the PC industry whereby all components and final assembly are outsourced, the Japanese persist with their 'vertical' manufacturing model where they try and make as much as possible of the product in-house. Moreover they devote craftsmanlike pains to getting the product right. So far does this principle go that non-Japanese Asians have told me they only buy 'Made in Japan' Japanese consumer goods because, when the Japanese consumer companies outsource manufacturing or assembly to other Asian countries, the quality level falls. As to Apple, well I've had a couple of iPods, and that wheel control is a horror. Totally flukey in operation. I put this down to shitty manufacturing quality. It would be a pity if Apple's invariably beautiful products eventually get spurned by the public because they're badly built. When we buy a consumer electronics product we take it on trust that its going to work. The Japanese companies have given us that expectation over the last 25 years. It would be a pity if the US re-emergence on the consumer electronics scene fizzles out because the build quality of US products is too poor to meet consumer expectations.
Are A Third Of All XBox360s Dud?
The news that one third of all XBox360s is a dud, raises the question: Could it be that the US revival in consumer electronics will fizzle out because of shitty manufacturing?

subset: commoncrawl


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Insurgents Ask Aid
By JAMES P. STERBASpecial to The New York Times ();
April 15, 1971,
, Section , Page 4, Column , words
NEW DELHI, April 14 -- The prime minister of the secessionist-proclaimed government of East Pakistan appealed in a radio broadcast today for recognition of his new government and aid.
April 15, 1971
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David R. Carter, MD is Board Certified in Internal Medicine and received his medical degree from theUniversity of Louisville. He completed his internship inInternal Medicine at James A. Haley Vet Hospital in Florida.
Dr. Carter specializes in emergency medicine at Oak Hill Hospital in Brooksville, Florida.
Mission: "To provide patients the highest quality care with professionalism, integrity, and compassion."
American Board of Internal Medicine


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|In the heart of the nature reserve, at the countryside and near the beach lie the marvellous and comfortable accommodations of Les Aubépines !
In a green setting, between the birds of the bay, lies Les Aubépines. If you pass the camping side an you go straight on about a kilometre, you arrive at the beach of La Maye. Observe, listen, taste, smell the bay of the Somme.
A sandy beach nearby, behind the dunes « the ornithological park of Le Marquenterre », just around the corner the lighthouse of Le Hourdel and Saint-Valery-sur-Somme in the backyard.
Discover the fishermen with their catch, the horsemen on the beach
Return to Les Aubépines: take a dip in the pool, relax in the deck chairs and enjoy the beautiful and floral setting.
Take a bike and ride to le Crotoy. It is only 3 km In this small fishing town, full with fishermen houses and holiday residences, you will find small restaurants and shops that will pleasant your stay.
A sunset and a lot of other things to discover.
The whole team of Les Aubépines welcome you in the cottages, tents, caravans or campers (194 stands, 47 rentables, 81 residential, 66 stands for tent or caravan). They enjoy giving you information about the region en guarantee unforgettable holidays in the bay of the Somme.


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Anyone use the Skywire App to control the Vixen GP-DX with Skysensor 2000? I am curiour about the hookup, and can the database be used as a substitute for the SS 2K DB.
Iphone Controller for Skysensor 2000
Started by Rat8bug , Feb 01 2011 03:09 AM
No replies to this topic


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1. What did you do in 2010 that you had never done before?
Interstate Bike ride ( 1200+ kms to and fro )
Went to a Dance bar
Well lots of things in Gokarna, which i can't list here😀
Smoked up from a hookah
First big house party
Sleeping on terrace
2. Did you keep your new years resolutions, and will you make more for next year?
What a load of crap
3. Did anyone close to you give birth?
Yes, I have two new cousins and one bhanja. Fuck, my family needs to do better family planning😀
4. Did anyone close to you die?
Nope😀 .
5. What date from 2010 will remain etched upon your memory, and why?
This was an eventful year😀 difficult to pick one😦
6. What was your biggest achievement of the year?
My first interstate bike trip
Taking up big responsibilities in my team.
7. What was your biggest failure?
Couldn't go to my school reunion even though I was in hyderabad.
8. Did you suffer illness or injury?
Corn my heel. Let me rephrase, fucking corn on my heel.
9. Whose behaviour merited celebration?
Love of my life and friends in bang/hyd😀
10. Whose behaviour made you appalled and depressed?
LOL, i don't remember any
11. Where did most of your money go?
Food. Check my latest reviews of restaurants
12. What did you get really, really, really excited about?
My trip to Gokarna
13. What song will always remind you of 2010?
Kiss you thru the phone – Soulja Boy Tell em
14. Compared to this time last year, are you happier or sadder?
Its always a steep climb uphill
15. What do you wish you had done more of?
Trips outside bangalore
16. What do you wish you had done less of?
Eating. I am getting fucking fat already😐
17. Most memorable moments
Re-occuring question😐
18. Did you fall in love in 2010?
You mean again ?
19. How many one night stands?
0. Commited bandha hoon
20. What was your favorite TV program?
That 70s show!
21. What was the best book you read?
Not a book worm.
22. What was your greatest musical discovery?
Its a tie between Queen and Trance Music esp. Infected Mushroom
23. What did you want and get?I
24. What did you want and not get?
25. What was your favorite film of this year?
26. What did you do on your birthday, and how old were you?
I turned 22, the birthday was a blast
27. What one thing would have made your year immeasurably more satisfying?
If my girlfriend had a twin sister, and she liked me too😀
28. What kept you sane?
Nothing, I am insane😀
29. Tell us a valuable life lesson you learned in 2010.
Bros before hoes😀
30. Quote a song lyric that sums up your year.
We are the champions ( from We are the champions – Queen )
PS: Taken from Himank's Blog , who took it from Sunshine's Blog .
PS2: I think my blog will hit 3 lakh hits at new years😀


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After reviewing more than 150 large severance and settlement packages signed by state agencies since 2005, the Boston Globe has found that at least 16 agencies included gag orders in the agreements. The investigation revealed that more than half of the agreements obtained by the Globe included a confidentiality or non-disparagement clause, and one in five contained both. These clauses require former employees to refrain from making negative statements about their respective agencies or to not speak to anyone about the details of their payments.
While such a practice can be common within the private sector, the Globe and other watchdog groups have taken issue with state agencies not practicing transparency when it comes to how they are spending taxpayer money.
[C]ritics contend the agreements can be used to cover up questionable spending, muffle legitimate criticism of government agencies, or hide wrongdoing by public officials, such as the harassment alleged by the UMass and Highway Department workers.
"When it comes to public money, I think there is no justification for being able to secretly spend money,'' said Boston attorney Harvey Schwartz, who has represented former state government employees with job disputes. "The only reason to have a confidentiality agreement is to protect the agency and the wrongdoers.''
Because of the secret nature of these agreements, many departments redacted employee names and other relevant information. The Globe has sued the Patrick administration and two other state agencies for that information, arguing that the redactions are in violation of the public's right to know. The case is before the Suffolk Superior Court, which has yet to rule.
View the severance and settlement agreements obtained through a public records request by the Globe.


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|VIVUS Inc.
351 East Evelyn Avenue
Mountain View, CA 94041
United States - Map
Phone: 650-934-5200
Website: http://www.vivus.com
VIVUS, Inc., a biopharmaceutical company, develops and commercializes therapies to address unmet medical needs in the United States and the European Union. The company offers Qsymia for the treatment of obesity as an adjunct to a reduced-calorie diet and increased physical activity for chronic weight management in adult patients with an initial body mass index of 30 or greater, or 27 or greater in the presence of at least one weight-related comorbidity, such as hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus or high cholesterol; and STENDRA, an oral phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor for the treatment of erectile dysfunction. It is also developing Qsymia, which has completed Phase II studies for the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea and diabetes, as well as for other obesity-related diseases, including nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension. The company has development, license and clinical trial, and commercial supply agreement with Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation for the development and commercialization of avanafil, a PDE5 inhibitor compound for the oral and local treatment of male and female sexual dysfunction. It also has license and commercialization agreements with Berlin-Chemie AG and Auxilium Pharmaceuticals, Inc. to commercialize and promote SPEDRA; and with Sanofi Winthrop Industrie to commercialize and promote avanafil. VIVUS, Inc. was founded in 1991 and is headquartered in Mountain View, California.


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Spencer Spellman
Unique Budget Accommodations in California
Here at 7x7 we are all about unique and unusual travel. We recently wrote about a few of the most unique accommodations in California, which included a lighthouse, tree house, yurt, fire lookout, and wigwam. However, as novel as unusual accommodations often are, travelers are often paying for that novelty. Today we're featuring another set of unique accommodations in California, except all of these are for the budget-conscious traveler, with each offering at least one room that is under $100 per night.
Beach Hopping in Los Angeles
Los Angeles isn't just red carpets and traffic jams. Crazy, I know. While it can take some navigating to get to L.A.'s beaches, once there, visitors are rewarded with those expanses of sand and water that Southern California is known for. Today we feature a few of the best beaches to visit in and around Los Angeles.
Trick or Drink this Halloween in Wine Country
It's no secret that people don't need a reason to don a costume in San Francisco. It's only natural then that locals go all out this time of year when Halloween rolls around. USA Today even named San Francisco as one of the best cities to celebrate Halloween. However, beyond the parties, parades, and costume contests, there are unique things to do beyond the city of San Francisco in Wine Country. Today we spotlight a few of the different Halloween activities happening in Napa and Sonoma this month.
Five Fall West Coast Road Trips
There's just something about this time of year that makes you want to wash your car, roll down the windows, and hit the open road. Maybe it's the fall foliage, or maybe the fact that "summer" is in the air in San Francisco. Whatever it is, few could argue against the San Francisco Bay Area, California, and the west coast as one of the best places in the world for fall road trips. Today we spotlight a few of the best fall drives on the west coast.
How Well Does Traveling with an iPad Work?
To no one's surprise, Apple's recent announcement of the iPhone 5 came with much fanfare. While it may have brought some answers, it no doubt stirred more questions for Apple, including questions about what people can expect in the near future for the iPad. One of the main questions that always arises is about whether the iPad can replace one's personal computer.
A Little Rock 'n' Roll and Wine at Cliff Lede Vineyards
Walk into your typical wine tasting room and what sounds do you expect to hear? It's likely to be the clinking of glasses and maybe the sound of classy instrumental music. But what about Sting belting out the chorus of "Roxanne"? While you might imagine that from a dive bar on a weekend night, it's probably not what you expect upon walking into a tasting room, and especially not one in the Napa Valley in the town of Yountville.
Five Essential Travel Booking Apps
As fun as apps like Words with Friends, Angry Birds, and Shazam may be, it's often the practicality of an app that is most important to consumers. This couldn't be any truer then when traveling.
Five West Coast Train Trips
There's a certain timelessness to train travel. Maybe it's the kid within us all who is taken back to childhood memories of playing with our toy train sets, or maybe memories of singing and dancing to Quad City DJ's C'mon N' Ride The Train, although more likely the former. As "old timey" as it may be, there's a certain draw to train travel, since it typically offers access to places that you just can't get from driving. Today, we're featuring a few of the best train trips on the west coast.
Five Must-Visit Stops on a Big Sur Road Trip
Few would argue against Big Sur as one of the great road trips, not just in America, but the entire world. While the entire length of the California coastline is known for its dramatic landscape, rugged coastline, and sweeping views, Big Sur ups the ante. Today we highlight a few of the best stops on a Big Sur road trip.
Five Unique Tasting Experiences in Sonoma County
For many people, wine tasting may be no more than pulling their car into a winery, paying the nominal cost of a wine flight, and moving on to the next tasting room. However, there's much more to the wine tasting experience in Sonoma. Below, we feature a few unique wine tasting experiences in Sonoma County.
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Refreshingly Unhip: SF's Old-School Pastrami Sandwiches
The 7 Best Carne Asada Burritos in San Francisco
The 10 Best Dishes Under $10 in Bernal Heights
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The Path To Ramen Enlightenment
Secret Recipes: How to Make Some of the City's Best Dishes
Drink Up: SF's "Cocktail Movement" Bars
Where to Learn An Instrument in SF
7 Local Musicians to Watch in 2011
The Best Wine Shops, Neighborhood by Neighborhood
The 7 Best San Francisco Albums of 2010
Refreshingly Unhip: The Best Glazed Dougnuts in SF
Tea: Our 7 Favorite Spots to Drink & Buy
Fireside Buzz: 7 Bars That'll Warm You Up
Beer Tasting Road Trip Itinerary of Sonoma & Mendocino Counties
Six Great Boots for Fall in San Francisco
Get A Room: Bars That Rent Private Spaces
The Best Phone Apps for the Food-Obsessed
9 Great San Francisco Football Bars
The Best Bowls of Soup (That Aren't Pho or Ramen) In SF
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Expert Advice on Parking in The City
Sonoma v. Napa: Which Does it Better?
Biking for Beginners: Routes to Take and Avoid
5 Ways to Get the Wine You Want in Restaurants
San Francisco's Best Dance Classes: 9 Places to Bust A Move
The Big Eat 2010: 100 Things to Try Before You Die


text:
FedEx eNews
Welcome to the September edition of FedEx eNews. We hope you'll find it helpful and interesting.
Your FedEx eNews Team.
United Arab Emirates Free Zones Export Clearance Charges
To further enhance your shipping experience with FedEx, the UAE Free Zone export charges are now billed to the payer of the transportation fees [Read more...]
The Supply Chain of The Future
Interview of Craig Simon, FedEx, President and CEO Supply Chain [Read more…]
Rely on FedEx to Help You Grow Your Business In Asia
Our Asian coverage, expertise and service options are second to none [Read more…]
Strict US Fish and Wildlife Regulations Apply To Imports of Mother of Pearl
Special declarations needed for mother of pearl shells and products [Read more…]
US Imports of Foodstuffs, Health Care Products Etc Subject to New Entry Procedures
Revised FDA entry declaration requirements may affect you and your US customers [Read more…]
We've Gained Important AEO Status for More Countries
Authorised Economic Operator scheme speeds customs clearance procedures [Read more…]


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subject Serotonin Syndrome ****** I want to withdraw from zoloft which was given fo
Resolved Question:
subject: Serotonin Syndrome
I want to withdraw from zoloft which was given for
attacks and
over 6 years ago. Was at 250 mg and have been cutting down for months to 100. Next step would be 50 and then zero - if no problems exist.
My reasons for wanting to cut out zoloft is that i am now dealing with Hashimoto's and resultant aggravated arthritis pain, headaches and tiredness, malaise.
doc gave ultram for pain management and hopefully can be uplifting for mental state in some patients. I've read some very positive reports from former SSRI patients.
I would rather have the ultram than the zoloft. Since not recommended that they be taken together, i am concerned even tho' md and pharmacist have their stamp of approval.
Any thoughts? I also was given clonazepam same time as zoloft for same reasons. Was up to 4mg per day and have cut down to 2mg per day and want to get to 1mg where i will stay. Any thoughts?
4 years ago.
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Dr. K
replied 4 years ago.
I agree with your MD & pharmacist. Theoretically, it's best not to combine these meds...but many people take both all the time with no major problems. Here is the exact nature of the interactions:
1) sertraline + tramadol
sertraline will increase the level or effect of tramadol by affecting its liver metabolism. (so basically, you should always start with a low dose of tramadol...even half the usual dose if you want to be conservative & play it safe)
2) sertraline + tramadol
sertraline and tramadol both increase serotonin levels. This really doesn't matter. The risk of serotonin syndrome is rare. You can review the symptoms of this syndrome & just keep an eye out for it. I've seen patients on maximum doses of 2-3 antidepressants and tramadol who haven't had this syndrome.
3) sertraline + tramadol
sertraline decreases effects of tramadol by decreasing metabolism. This effect is milder than the 1st 2, and it actually counteracts the 1st effect mentioned above.
It's fine to try to slowly wean off clonazepam, but I would do one thing at a time to play it safe. You have three goals: 1) lower zoloft, 2)
tramadol, and 3) lower clonazepam...doing one thing at a time is the gentlest way to succed.
I hope this helps. Let me know if you need more info.
Please let me know if you need more information. We can continue the dialog until you are satisfied. Once you are happy with the answers don't forget to hit the ACCEPT button & provide expert feedback. Also remember that this is not an official doctor patient relationship and not a substitute for a full live psychiatric evaluation. Thank you for using justanswers.com
Ask Your Own Mental Health Question
replied 4 years ago.
Thank you. I would like to know if tapering from zoloft is any particular problem. I
take paxil for a couple of years and quit cold turkey with any trouble. In other words, it is not nearly as bothersome or even dangerous as stopping the Clonazepam.
Am I correct in assuming that my plan to take 50 zoloft for a couple weeks and then just stop is considered by you to be generally safe = realizing you are not giving me actual 'advice'.
Regarding Conaz., was going to go from 2 to 1.5 for 2 weeks then 1 mg. that is still a fairly large amt so i thought it would be safe. Do you, in general, concur?
Thank YOU Doctor,
Dr. K
replied 4 years ago.
Most people can taper off SSRI meds (like zoloft or paxil) without any problems; of course, the main thing to watch out for is any return of depression or
Some people are more sensitive to these meds and experience mild withdrawal symptoms (including electrical sensations in the brain). Some really sensitive people experience these symptoms quite severely for even months. Here are some links:
Paxil tends to be one antidepressant that has more withdrawals than others because it doesn't last in your blood stream quite as long. So if you got off of paxil without any problem, my bet is that getting off of zoloft will be easy too. If you really wanted to take a more conservative route you could go to 25mg before stoping it.
And yes, withdrawals from clonazepam can be worse (and yes even dangerous or fatal) than meds like zoloft/paxil. Going down by 0.5mg every 2 weeks is a very safe way to get off clonazepam. It is a relatively long acting med that stays in your bloodstream quite a while so it even helps to taper itself & reduce withdrawal risks.
I hope this helps...anything else?
Please let me know if you need more information. We can continue the dialog until you are satisfied. Once you are happy with the answers don't forget to hit the ACCEPT button & provide expert feedback. Also remember that this is not an official doctor patient relationship and not a substitute for a full live psychiatric evaluation. Thank you for using justanswers.com
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Substitute 8 slices OSCAR MAYER Hearty Thick Cut Bacon for the 14 slices OSCAR MAYER Center Cut Bacon.
* Nutrition information is estimated based on the ingredients and cooking instructions as described in each recipe and is intended to be used for informational purposes only. Please note that nutrition details may vary based on methods of preparation, origin and freshness of ingredients used.
I have made this several times. To make and take I cook cool and slice the potatoes. I cook the bacon and make the sauce and keep all separate. Reheat sauce add potatoes then top with bacon wnen warm. Everyone loves it. Doubles nicely.
My daughter thinks this is the best potato salad she's ever had!
Best german potato salad recipe. I doubled the celery and omitted the onions and it was a great combination of sweet and sour.
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Images: Carter Presidential Library and Museum [Image 18 of 19]
Photo by Staff Sgt. Tracy Smith
The Georgia Army National Guard's 116th Army Band prepares to entertain prior to a free concert at the Jimmy Carter Presidential Library and Museum. The main atrium was filled with merriment, patriotism and music Sunday was the climatic end to a three-day music tour around the greater Atlanta area. (U.S. Army photo by Staff Sgt. Tracy J Smith, 124th MPAD)
This work, Carter Presidential Library and Museum [Image 1 of 19], by SSG Tracy Smith, identified by DVIDS, is free of known copyright restrictions under U.S. copyright law.
Date Taken:12.15.2013
Date Posted:12.16.2013 18:22
Photo ID:1138629
Size:1.85 MB
Location:ATLANTA, GA, US
Gallery Images
Associated News
Carter Presidential Library delivers a band of holiday cheer


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What type of gas does the Chevy Cruze Lt need? Premium or regular ?
10 Answers
Its going to depend on which engine it has, it will also tell you in your owners manual and probably say something about it by the gas filler neck if it requires premium.
regular but you could use premium every now & then is good. the only thing running on premium today are caddys & high performance vehicles.
The little turbo 4 cylinder engines in the eco cars are actually taking premium now due to the ammount of power they are getting out of the little engines. Another vehicle that takes premium is the v6 camaro.
Oh one other thing its pretty much a waste of money to put premium or mid grade gas in a vehicle that only requires regular. Without getting into too much detail the car was programmed to run on regular and will be its most efficient with that fuel in it. Its also a bad idea to run regular in a car that takes premium because it will slowly destroy the inside of your engine and can make the tops of your pistons look like the surface of the moon with craters all over it.
Oh ok thx again. I'm trying to determine whether I should get the cruze or not. I like the safety aspect of it. Its between the Chevy cruze, Toyota corolla and Honda civic.
It will be my first car and I want something safe and reliable.
All three are good vehicles I think the cruze has the potential to get better fuel economy than the other two if you are looking for that as well.
I don't trust any other grade of gas in my car yet. They say you should use Premium once per month to keep the fuel line clean and increase performance. My car is still a baby to me, so I keep to the Regular grade. I know what they said about the Cruze and MPG, but it'll get about 25 MPG average. They only way to make it more is to either have manual transmission or drive perfectly legal (you know.. brake easy, don't speed, correct PSI in all 4 tires, etc). :rolls eyes: Anyway.. I love my car. I used to have an Altima, but wound up in an accident last June and totaled it. The Cruze was always my first choice, but just started affording it lol.
i have a question with the 2014 eco automatic.. it says something about diesel but im trying to save on gas money thats the point of having an eco isnt it.... anyway my question is does it run on regular gas or diesel
Have to wait and see. There is a Cruze coming out that will be a TDI type of thing. Diesel fuel, better MPG. I haven't seen it yet, but I heard of it. If you have any questions of what type of fuel to use, refer to your owners manual. In the 2014 case, maybe Google it or look at the specs on the Chevy site.
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Later that morning we found out that Mo was battling brain cancer and her prognosis was not promising. Nevertheless, she was eager to participate in her 12th year of Senior Olympics. She won a gold medal and our respect and admiration for the way she played.
Later in the day, we helped out at the "softball throw for accuracy" event. Before the competition, we helped one gentleman in his warm-up. He said that the competition was the realization of a goal set after undergoing triple bypass surgery. He had a passion for playing the game of baseball and was not about to let the surgery slow him down. He told us he did not have a bad heart, but simply a "new and improved" one. The determination in his eyes certainly killed any notions that motivation was not possible in older people.
In the final analysis, we think Webster should highlight "old" with words such as "courage, wisdom, athletic and perseverance."


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|Equal Rights For Men? Not Hardly! posted Mon Jan 21 2002 22:15:28 by Matt D
|Equal Rights For Men posted Sun Oct 7 2001 17:10:42 by Matt D
|Would You Hit It Thread For Gays & Girls posted Sun Dec 2 2007 03:37:03 by Mal787
|For Gays In Iraq, A Life Of Constant Fear posted Sun Aug 5 2007 23:19:21 by Charles79
|Church Weddings For Gays Soon.... posted Fri Jul 6 2007 14:15:05 by Solnabo
|Would You Hit (For Gays And Gals) posted Sun May 20 2007 22:23:08 by Trekster
|Ohio Gov. Restoring Some Protection For Gays posted Thu May 17 2007 05:14:33 by Falcon84
|100 Year Sentence For Rape GI posted Fri Feb 23 2007 09:13:08 by ANCFlyer
|Landscaper Won't Work For Gays, Starts Uproar posted Fri Nov 10 2006 21:48:11 by Falcon84
|Brazil Approves End Of Visa For US Citizens posted Wed Jun 8 2005 20:00:54 by Hardiwv


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@Inproceedings {export:184112, abstract = {
We report on a new kind of group conversation on Twitter that we call a group chat. These chats are periodic, synchronized group conversations focused on specific topics and they exist at a massive scale. The groups and the members of these groups are not explicitly known. Rather, members agree on a hashtag and a meeting time (e.g., 3pm Pacific Time every Wednesday) to discuss a subject of interest. Topics of these chats are numerous and varied. Some are serious: for example, there are support groups for post-partum depression and borderline personality disorder. Others are about a passionate interest: topics include skiing, photography, movies, wine and foodie communities. We develop a definition of a group that is inspired by how sociologists define groups and present an algorithm for discovering groups. We prove that our algorithms find all groups under certain assumptions. While these groups are of course known to the people who participate in the discussions, what we do not believe is known is the number and variety of groups. We provide some insight into the nature of these groups based on two years of tweets.}, author = {James Cook and Krishnaram Kenthapadi and Nina Mishra}, booktitle = {International World Wide Web Conference (WWW)}, month = {May}, publisher = {ACM}, title = {Group Chats on Twitter}, url = {http://research.microsoft.com/apps/pubs/default.aspx?id=184112}, year = {2013}, }


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Fernley & Fernley, Inc, established in 1886, is the only accredited association management company headquartered in Philadelphia and currently provides full-service management to over 30 national and international trade associations and professional societies in the investment and health care fields.
L. R. Levin Consulting, L.L.C. creates value by helping our clients outperform. We assist management to create the strategic and operational blueprints to outperform your competition, and, through effective implementation, propel long-term growth and profitability. Helping our clients to plan and prepare for the next business cycle with strategic plans that identify, harness, and leverage an organization's core strengths against its significant opportunities is what we do best. Put our experience to work for you. www.LRLevin.com
The National Association of Wholesaler-Distributors (NAW) was created in 1946 to deal with issues of interest to the entire merchant wholesale distribution industry, thereby freeing affiliated associations to concentrate on the concerns specific to their lines of trade. NAW is a federation of more than 100 wholesale distribution associations and thousands of individual firms that collectively total more than 40,000 companies.
The role of the NAW Institute for Distribution Excellence (formerly the Distribution Research and Education Foundation) is to sponsor and disseminate research into strategic management issues affecting the wholesale distribution industry. The NAW Institute for Distribution Excellence aims to help merchant wholesaler-distributors remain the most effective and efficient channel in distribution.
Owner Resource Group is an Austin, Texas based private investment firm. We founded the firm to bring superior outcomes to business owners, management teams, and our investors. We are a team of seasoned investors who have collectively led or participated in nearly 35 investments across multiple industries. We appreciate an owner's need for certainty, fairness, flexibility, and confidentiality when considering a transaction. After a transaction, our philosophy is to align our interests with management to support the existing culture and the continued growth of the business.


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AILING was always the best medicine for Jack's periods of depression. His problems always disappeared once he was on water again. Now he knew what the term Like a fish out of water meant. He couldn't exist without a boat. He asked Bessie's brother-in-law, Ernest Matthews, to keep an eye out for a bargain. Several weeks later Matthews happily informed Jack that he found the ideal boat, the Roamer. Together Jack and Ernest met owner William H. Craig. "Yes, the boat is for sale; the price is $175." Jack bought it on the spot. She was forty years old and a beauty—thirty feet long, an extra-wide beam, and an unusually large cabin for such a small boat made it perfect for the Londons. Huge sails gave her a majestic look and caused her to move through the water with the slightest breeze—an ideal boat for the San Francisco Bay waters.
In The Valley of the Moon Jack presents a vivid picture of the life on the Roamer:
Hastings decided to eat dinner—he called the midday meal by its old fashioned name—before sailing; and down below Saxon was surprised and delighted by the measure of comfort in so tiny a cabin. There was just room for Billy to stand upright. A centerboard-case divided the room in half longitudinally, and to this was attached the hinged table from which they ate. Low bunks that ran the the full length, upholstered in cheerful green, served as seats. A curtain, easily attached by hooks between the centerboard-case and the roof, at night, screened Mrs. Hastings' sleeping quarters. On the opposite side the two Japanese bunked, while for'ard, under the deck, was a galley. So small was it that there was just room for the cook, who was compelled by the low deck to squat on his hams.
The Londons never grew tired of the Roamer and spent months at a time aboard her. Jack's writing stint and Charmian's typing still occupied their mornings. In the afternoon they fished, swam, lounged on deck, played cards, or talked. A favorite pastime was Jack's reading aloud to Charmian and many an hour was whiled away in this manner. Their love grew stronger each year, both loving to do things for each other. Jack was to depend more and more on Charmian during the next few years, a responsibility she never avoided, as though fate had prepared her for that role. Actually Charmian was nearly a hypochondriac, recording her ailments in her diary nightly. But seldom did Jack hear her complain or see her in anything but a cheerful mood. Her role was to be his mate, companion, lover or, anything else he needed. She played this role simply because she wanted to and because she was so thoroughly in love with Jack.
Charmian and Jack set out on the Roamer on October 17 for a cruise up the Sacramento River—their first trip on the new boat. A better galley had been built and a little stove for warmth and cooking was installed in the main cabin. A few months later Jack wrote of his love for boating:
Once a sailor, always a sailor. The savour of the salt water never stales. The sailor never grows so old that he does not care to go back for more wrestling bout with wind and wave. I live beyond sight of the sea, yet I can stay away from it only so long. After several months have passed, I begin to grow restless. I find myself day-dreaming over incidents of the last cruise, or wondering if the striped bass are running on Wingo Slough, or eagerly reading the newspaper for reports of the first northern flight of ducks. And thus, suddenly, there is a hurried packing of suitcases and overhauling of gear, and we are off for Vallejo where the little Roamer lies, waiting, always waiting for the skiff to come alongside, for the lighting of the fire in the galley-stove, for the pulling off of gaskets, the swinging up of the mainsail, and the rat-tat-tat of the reef points, for the heaving short and breaking out, and for the twirling of the wheel as she fills out and heads up Bay or down.
As they cruised up the river and through the delta waters, Charmian said, "Jack looked much like his piratical early self in blue dungarees, his time honored 'tam' pulled down, with a handful of curls, over his sailor-blue eyes."
Near the Vallejo Yacht Club they ran into Charley LeGrant, so often mentioned in Tales of the Fish Patrol. On another cruise up Sonoma Creek's delta, they came upon French Frank, former owner of Jack's Razzle Dazzle, of oyster pirate fame. Charmian found Frank debonair and gallant. He now lived as keeper of a shack for a local duck-hunting club.
Since so much of the Londons' time was to be spent on the Roamer, it may be best to let Charmian tell what it was like:
What a blissful passage it was, this first Roamer voyage, only to be surpassed by the second and the third, and so on. "Snarking once more," Jack named it; honeymooning up on the face of the winding waters; fanning into Benicia to the sweet melody of birds in the rushes; running across that large, draughty, variegated piece of water, Suisun Bay, where the great scows we had learned to respect came charging down, grain-laden; picking our way in the "Middle Ground" channels, and gliding close-hauled into Black Diamond in the fires of sunset, where the Sacramento and the San Joaquin tumble their muddy flood together—to port the hazy, Aztec unreality of the tawny-rose Montezuma Hills, palpitating in the westering sunlight; to starboard the low brown banks with green upstanding fringes of rustling tules; all about red-sailed fishing boats homing for the night; and old Black Diamond's lazy waterfront and lazier streets sloping upward toward the Contra Costa Hills; and, in the morning Mt. Diablo crumpled against an azure dome.
Much of the time, after disposing of his morning's work, Jack read through the usual mountain of agricultural pamphlets and then devoured countless numbers of books brought aboard each cruise. Charmian loved to watch her man at the wheel as the little Roamer sailed her way from slough to slough. She said, "He was an unfailing wonder to me, my Jack London—my mentor—his continuos cerebration to every impact, mental, physical, awake, and asleep; always young, always old, always wise, and with 'a bigness of heart that kept conscience with itself,' efficient dreamer, harnessed to his work for the sake of Heart's Desire, which included the discharge of so many responsibilities—penalties of patriarchy. How vivid he rises, standing on his handsome legs at the wheel, those robust muscle-rounded shoulders leaning back upon a howling norther before which we fled, tense, caution on hair-trigger, uncaptturable thoughts behind his deep, wise eyes, lips parted, and that great chest expanding to breeze and effort." Words of a loving wife? Yes, but no exaggeration here. This was Jack London as described by everyone who knew him.
After a run down Escondido, the Menlo Park home of Charmian's cousin, Willard Growall and his wife, Emma, to attend the November 10 wedding of recently divorced Ninetta Eames and Edward Biron Payne, the Londons brought the cruise to an end and returned to Glen Ellen.
Read: Small Boat Sailing


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Tallahassee, Florida- June 25,2012
Commissioner of Agriculture Adam Putnam announced today a two-week extension of the licensing period for the Apalachicola Bay Oyster Harvesting License. Due to extreme conditions caused by Tropical Storm Debby in the Apalachicola Bay Area, the licensing period was extended through close of business July 13.
"The safety of the shellfish harvesters – and all residents who are affected by current weather conditions – is our first priority," said Commissioner Putnam. "Extending the oyster harvesting license period is a simple way we can ease the burden of Tropical Storm Debby on Apalachicola Bay oyster harvesters,"
Under normal circumstances, the 45-day licensing period for the Apalachicola Bay Oyster Harvesting License, which is required to commercially harvest oysters from the Apalachicola Bay System, ends June 30. With the extension, applicants will not be subject to the $500 late fee until after July 13.
Tropical Storm Debby is currently affecting the Apalachicola Bay area and weather forecasts predict the storm will continue to affect the area through Friday, June 29. The Franklin County offices of the Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services were closed today until further notice.
For more information about the Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, visit www.FreshFromFlorida.com.


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So the past 2 months or so I've devoted pretty much every spare moment and brain cell to learning various ins and outs of the law so that I can pass the MO Bar and start my professional career. Why you ask? Because I have to. Anyway, a friend sent me this link that pretty much sums up my feelings from the past 2 months. Enjoy.
Ipse Dixit: Bar humor
*Note* If you've never taken or studied for the bar, most of the jokes won't make a damn bit of sense. Sorry.
I'll be in your shoes about 3 years from now. I started law school about a month ago, but despite my infancy in the process, that's some pretty funny **** right there! Nice post.
In 1984, I was hospitalized for approaching perfection.
While that was mildly NSFW, I laughed my butt off at that stuff.
That was awesome....
I'm baaack! See my Hot Milk For Breakfast blog under Social Groups for more details
That was great! Thanks for the laugh. Mrs. yCy
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Below is the link that students will need to use to apply for camp. The link is www.fuge.com. On the link is a banner called "Become a FUGE STAFFER. If they will click on this link it will guide them to the application. As students complete they application they will be guided to select a location and a time for their interview.
LifeWay Church Resources – Serving churches in their mission of making disciples
Follow Fuge on Facebook-fugecamps, Twitter-FUGECamps, Blog- blog.lifeway.com/fuge
|Mark Robbins
Student Events/Centrifuge/ M-Fuge
One LifeWay Plaza
Nashville, TN 37234-0144
Mobile: 615-461-0449
Fax: 615-251-5699
Office: 615-251-3806
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
Nonprofit Career Panel
Ouachita Baptist University's Office of Career Services will host a Nonprofit Career Panel on Wednesday, Oct. 30, at 12 noon in the Ouachita Commons Alumni Room. The event is an opportunity for students to explore why the nonprofit sector may be the ideal setting for them to combine career and calling.
"I hope students gain a more clear sense of what the nonprofit sector represents, what opportunities are available and how they can begin to network and promote themselves for future employment," said Lauren Land, OBU's director of career services.
Andrew Ford, a 2010 Ouachita graduate and current program associate at the Winthrop Rockefeller Foundation, will be a member of the Oct. 30 panel.
"I hope the panel encourages students to consider how they might couple their passion, skills and education to a future career," he said. "Our nonprofits need more difference makers like Ouachita students."
While all Career Services workshops and panels are designed to help students prepare for the job market, this panel focuses specifically on nonprofit careers, an area in which many Ouachita students have expressed an interest, Land said.
"For students with a heart for service, the nonprofit sector can be a great fit," she added. "I really think any student can find a niche within this sector if they are so inclined."
"After graduating from Ouachita, I wanted to start a career that made a difference in people's lives," Ford added. "It's gratifying to work in a place that aligns with your personal mission."
Other panelists include Bob Bledsoe, executive director of Garvan Woodland Gardens and a 1970 Ouachita graduate; Abby Holsclaw, formerly with Goodwill Industries International and a 1997 Ouachita graduate; Stephanie Meinke, executive director of Arkansas Coalition for Excellence; and Rhonda Sanders, CEO of Arkansas Food Bank and a 1983 Ouachita graduate.
"The panelists are leaders in this industry and have built truly amazing careers," Land noted. "Listen to what they have to say, ask good questions, get to know these people!"
To learn more about the panel, contact Lauren Land at email@example.com or (870) 245-5593. Interested in other events hosted by Ouachita Career Services? Follow @OBUCareer on Twitter or Ouachita Career Services on LinkedIn, Facebook and Pinterest.
The Career Services office is hosting a LinkedIn Drive-Thru event on Tuesday, October 29 in the student center and in Dr. Kluck's photo studio.
Ouachita Baptist University students are preparing for the annual Battle of the Ravine Week starting Monday, Nov. 11. After the week full of activities on and off campus, the Ouachita Tigers and the Henderson State University Reddies football teams will square off in the Southern Bancorp Battle of the Ravine on Saturday, Nov. 16, at 2 p.m. at OBU's A.U Williams Field.
The Battle of the Ravine rivalry football game dates back to 1895, one of the oldest rivalries in the NCAA. Many clubs and organizations host events and traditions that make the week memorable, including each class taking turns guarding Ouachita's tiger statue in the middle of campus around the clock.
"I think Battle of the Ravine is a great week because it allows every student to come together for the common purpose of supporting our school," said Gracie Lundstrum, a junior mass communications major from Springdale, Ark. Lundstrum also serves on Student Senate, which will coordinate many of the activities throughout the week.
Monday, Nov. 11, EEE women's social club and Beta Beta men's social club will host a chili dinner and will be playing Monday night football in the middle of campus starting at 7 p.m. The senior class will guard the tiger beginning at 7 p.m.
During chapel on Tuesday, Nov. 12, students will receive ribbons to raise awareness and cultivate spirit for the Tiger for Life campaign, a project of the OBU Office of Development. The juniors will begin guarding the tiger at 10 p.m. following the AfterDark concert hosted by Kanakuk Kamps and OBU Campus Ministries in Jones Performing Arts Center at 8 p.m. The concert will feature music artists such as Drew Holcomb and the Neighbors as well as FEDEL, a hip-hop artist. Joe White will speak on the topic "Is Jesus Relevant Today?" The event is free and open to the public.
"AfterDark is far more than a concert; it's a catalyst for conversation, investigation and a night that offers authentic hope," said Jeremy Dixon, a junior mass communications and Christian studies major from Benton, Ark. "It has reached over 400,000 students across the nation, and I am excited to see this event come to Arkadelphia."
Kappa Chi men's social club will sponsor a car bash on Wednesday, Nov. 13, starting at 8 p.m., and Eta Alpha Omega men's social club will provide refreshments. The junior class will guard the tiger starting at 8 p.m.
Rho Sigma men's social club will host a pep rally starting at 5:45 p.m. on Thursday, Nov. 14, in the Rachel Fuller & Ouachita Singers Memorial Amphitheatre followed by a bonfire. Refuge, Ouachita's student-led worship service, will meet at Second Baptist Church at 9 p.m. Tri Chi women's social club will serve s'mores and hot chocolate in the middle of campus beginning at 10:30 p.m. Freshmen will guard the tiger starting at 10 p.m.
Friday, Nov. 15, KATV Channel 7 will broadcast a live Battle of the Ravine pep rally from A.U. Williams Field during its 6 a.m. "Daybreak" show. Students and supporters from both universities are invited to attend. Rho Sigma men's social club will guard the tiger that night.
That evening, Rally on the Ravine will begin throughout the Arkadelphia community. Carnival rides, a zipline and a photo booth will open at 5 p.m., and a powder puff football game and a Baggo tournament will kick off at 6 p.m. The night will close with a Backroad Anthem concert at 8 p.m. All rally events are held at the Henderson State intramural fields.
Saturday, Nov. 16, will start with the Battle Bash Color Dash 5K at 8 a.m., followed by the Andy Allison Fun Run at 9 a.m. Carnival games, rides and a zipline will also open at 9 a.m. Tailgating will begin at 11 a.m., and the Shari Bales Band will perform at 12 noon. Then to climax the week's festivities, the Ouachita Tigers will kick off at 2 p.m. against the Henderson Reddies at A.U. Williams Field on Ouachita's campus.
"My favorite part about the Battle of the Ravine week is definitely the actual showdown of the football game," said Justin Young, a senior business administration and management major from Springdale, Ark. "The intense rivalry adds to my support for the OBU football team; I want to see them dominate and bring Ouachita a victory."
For more information on Battle of the Ravine events at Ouachita, contact Gracie Lundstrum from OBU Student Senate at email@example.com. For information on Battle of the Ravine Rally events, visit www.facebook.com/battleoftheravine.
vs Henderson State University- Arkadelphia, AR
Come help recognize our football seniors this Saturday, November 16, 2013. The recognition ceremony will begin around 1:45 pm before kickoff. Come show your support and thank our student-athletes as they finish out their 2013 season. And in case you need reminding, they'll be taking on that school across the street.


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Children's Learning Garden kicks off the season
Lewes in Bloom volunteers turned out recently for the opening-day event in Stango Park, providing children with hands-on experience planting vegetables and herbs. Children created stepping stones to use in the garden.
Activities will continue through August on Mondays and Thursdays. Go to lewesinbloom.org for details.


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Thank you for your support
To the Freepath User Community
We appreciate the journey you have taken with us as Freepath users and advocates for media rich presentations in a variety of creative ways. Your validation of our product has been inspiring to us for years.
During the past six months, we have been evaluating the viability of Freepath as a company. Unfortunately we've concluded that our costs exceed our future prospects and ability to keep the company adequately funded. As a result, we will be dissolving the company later this year. We apologize for any disappointment or inconvenience this causes.
Thanks again for your patience and understanding during the past year and we hope that you continue to entertain, educate and inspire your audiences everywhere!
Respectfully yours,
The Freepath Team
October 2014
Existing users
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indieWIRE's ongoing series of filmmaker talks at the Apple Store - SoHo continues on Tuesday evening with special guest Wong Kar Wai.
WHEN: Tuesday, April 1st, 7:00 p.m. - 8:00 p.m.
WHERE: Apple Store - SoHo, 103 Prince Street, NYC
COST: Free, No RSVP required. Seats are first come, first serve. Seating is limited.
Filmmaker Wong Kar Wai ("In The Mood For Love," "Chungking Express," "Happy Together") will participate in a discussion and show scenes from his latest film, "My Blueberry Nights," which tells the story of Elizabeth (Norah Jones) and her journey across America where she leaves behind a life of memories, a dream and her soulful new friend - a cafe owner (Jude Law) - all while in search of something to mend her broken heart. Film journalist Dennis Lim will moderate the discussion.
"My Blueberry Nights" is being released by The Weinstein Company on April 4th, 2008.