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University of Tennessee graduate student Charles Chin has won the Vol Court spring business pitch competition and is on track to develop and release a video game similar to SimCity that highlights the importance of energy production and consumption in the real world.
"I want to make a video game where a person builds a virtual city and populates it and has to keep track of energy usage, production, pollution — things people don't really think about when it comes to energy — and use it to create an educational environment for the student," Chin said. "I want it to have massive appeal outside the educational game world."
"The biggest thing that I think I got from the Vol Court is confirmation this is a good, viable idea from a business standpoint," Chin added. "To see that other people see the value in this is nice. I'm glad that people can kind of accept it for what it is."
The bi-annual Vol Court competition is run by UT's College of Business Administration's Anderson Center for Entrepreneurship and Innovation. It offers workshop presentations on ideas and rewards entrepreneurs from the community for their efforts. Chin received $1,000 from the Vol Court competition, but he also gets free access to legal and accounting services, as well as incubator space in which to develop his idea.
Second place in the spring competition went to Anthony Smith, a junior majoring in public relations, who is developing a low-cost marketing package for small companies. Sarah Hurst, a doctoral student at the UT Institute of Agriculture, received honorable mention for a new Type 2 diabetes treatment.
While Chin's idea may be a good one, he still has to turn his pitch into something real, but his idea was good enough to beat out some serious competition. Chin said he plans to flesh out the game idea a lot more before he seeks additional funding.
"I've always thought about making video games because I enjoy them so much, but I never had an idea I thought I could take forward as much as this one," he said.
He added that video games can be fun and popular while remaining educational. He specifically mentioned Assassin's Creed, a historically-themed, fiction-based game, as an example.
"You're an assassin in Renaissance Italy and because you're an assassin you end up learning real-world facts while you're playing," he said.
Source: Knox News


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Arkansas receivers coach tries to build trust first
Offensive lineman Denver Kirkland signed with Arkansas over Florida State and Miami. He said Arkansas linebackers coach Randy Shannon was key in his recruitment.
When Michael Smith was hired away from Kansas State to be Arkansas' receivers coach, he already had a reputation as one of the nation's better recruiters.
Sports, Pages 28 on 02/10/2013
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subset: commoncrawl


text: Rockford Area Crimestoppers has been assisting law enforcement agencies throughout Northern Illinois and Southern Wisconsin solve crimes and bring criminals to justice since 1981. Now during that time we paid callers over one million five hundred thousand dollars for their information. Today I'm going to show you four individuals who are wanted on crimes that have been committed throughout the greater Rockford area. If you know their locations and call Crimestoppers with that information that solves the crime and brings the criminals to justice we'll pay you a cash reward of up to one thousand dollars. Darranton Smith is 22 years old, he's 5.5 inches tall 150 pounds with black hair and brown eyes he's wanted for domestic battery. Marcus Fossett is wanted for probation violation. He's 28 years old 6 foot one inches tall with black hair and brown eyes. Jessica Anderson is 23 years old, she's wanted for unlawful use of a credit card. She's 5 foot tall, 105 pounds with brown hair and green eyes, and Jonathon Race is 22 years old, he's 5 foot 8, 195 pounds with brown shaved hair and blue eyes. He's wanted for narcotics violation. Remember when you call Crimestoppers our phones dont have caller ID, and of course we do pay you those cash rewards. So far this year we've paid over 22 thousand dollars to callers. If you know the location of the people you've just seen, have information on criminal activity or wanted subjects throughout the greater rockford area, please call crimestoppers at 967-7867 or call toll free at 1-888-769 stop.


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BeeeTú Sharkiss Sweater with Shark Toy - Grey & Yellow
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Take to the sea in style with the sharkiss top, perfect for your fearless adventurer! This sharkiss top comes with a fun shark toy.
Other BeeeTú toys are also available separately.
Fabric: 90% cotton 10% elastane.
Care: 30 degree machine wash. Iron inside out.
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Bankruptcy Law
Bankruptcy Law Questions? Ask a Bankruptcy Lawyer Now.
If the house is only in your wife's name, and if she didn't sign any agreement with the medical provider to be responsible for these bills, her house should be safe from these creditors.
Also, yes, medical care creditors seldom come after anyone who is making an effort to pay. They'll work with you so long as you try to work with them.
DISCLAIMER: Answers from Experts on JustAnswer are not substitutes for the advice of an attorney. JustAnswer is a public forum and questions and responses are not private or confidential or protected by the attorney-client privilege. The Expert above is not your attorney, and the response above is not legal advice. You should not read this response to propose specific action or address specific circumstances, but only to give you a sense of general principles of law that might affect the situation you describe. Application of these general principles to particular circumstances must be done by a lawyer who has spoken with you in confidence, learned all relevant information, and explored various options. Before acting on these general principles, you should hire a lawyer licensed to practice law in the jurisdiction to which your question pertains.
The responses above are from individual Experts, not JustAnswer. The site and services are provided "as is". To view the verified credential of an Expert, click on the "Verified" symbol in the Expert's profile. This site is not for emergency questions which should be directed immediately by telephone or in-person to qualified professionals. Please carefully read the Terms of Service (last updated February 8, 2012).


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Puget Sound Yacht Club, listed under "Services" category, is located at 2321 N Northlake Way Seattle WA, 98103 and can be reached by 2066343733 phone number. Puget Sound Yacht Club has currently 0 reviews.This business profile is not yet claimed, and if you are the owner, claim your business profile for free. If you are not the owner you can invite this business to join by email or by phone.Browse all Services in Seattle WA. If you would like to see census data for this geographical location click here.
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Truck Radiator Cooling System - Got Cooling Issues?Written by on October 1, 2009 Overcome Your Overheating
Falling victim to radiator boil over or having your engine vapor lock while cruising through town is never a good thing. Finding yourself in the left turn lane at a red light with the engine sputtering and the temp gauge rising has certainly put some extra beads of sweat on many a brow. And while some may enjoy pushing a steaming truck through a busy intersection while Joe Public lashes obscenities, there really isn't a good reason why any of our trucks "shouldn't" be running cool to begin with. A properly set up cooling system should be able to keep even the most radical engine configurations in the most cramped engine compartments at or under a realistic operating temperature. That being said, though, it is a common problem we see day in and day out at events across the country, and even on some of our own projects. But before one can tackle a cooling system issue, we need to understand the basics of said system and what causes most vehicles to overheat in the first place.
The standard liquid cooling system is made up of passages inside the engine block and heads where coolant is circulated via a water pump and cooled by passing through a radiator, controlled by a thermostat, and pressurized by the radiator cap. The circulating coolant soaks up the heat from the engine as it travels through the water passages in the block and heads and is cooled by the airstream as it travels through the radiator. Once cooled, it travels back through the engine to absorb more heat. To ensure that the coolant stays at or above a certain temperature and that the water pump doesn't force the coolant through the radiator too quickly, a thermostat is used between the engine and the radiator. When left out, the coolant is "pushed" through the radiator and not allowed sufficient time to cool in the air stream. Conversely, the absence of the thermostat can lead to an engine that never reaches optimum operating temperature (usually between 190-195 degrees). In order to prevent the coolant from boiling, the system is pressurized, raising the boiling point considerably. Too much pressure however, can cause the hoses and other parts to burst, so a radiator cap designed to release pressure at a specified point is used. The pressure released by the cap is contained in an overflow container and plumbed on a closed system that returns the coolant back to the radiator once the pressure has subsided.
An overheating situation can occur anytime the cooling system's ability to absorb, transport, or dissipate heat is breached. This can be caused by something as simple as low coolant level or a defective radiator cap to poor airflow through the radiator. The ability of the cooling system to properly circulate coolant through the engine and radiator directly affects its ability to shed heat. When the coolant's circulation is restricted by means other than the appropriate thermostat, temperatures begin to rise and the engine starts to overheat. Additionally, if the airflow through the radiator is inefficient, such as at low speeds or due to a faulty fan, the radiator will fail to do its job.
Having a vehicle that has a tendency to overheat can be a frustrating predicament to say the least. Stuck in traffic with a climbing temp gauge can make for an extremely stressful afternoon. And when this becomes your experience every time you take out your ride, those trips are going to become less and less frequent. Armed with a bit of knowledge on how a cooling system functions, however, can be the difference between a truck that overheats and a truck that's used to overheat.
Hot Tips For Your Cooling System
* Ensure that the timing and carburetor are adjusted correctly
* Use the proper pressure radiator cap with a sacrificial anode for your radiator.
* Choose a radiator that is equal to or larger than the original radiator for the engine application, not the vehicle. This is a case where bigger is almost always better.
* Ensure that the lower radiator hose is equipped with a spiral-wound spring inside to prevent collapse.
* Use the proper ratio pulleys in the correct pairing to ensure that the water pump is driven at the applicable speed in relation to the crank.
* Whether it's electric or mechanical, the cooling fan needs to be properly shrouded in the radiator. No more than 1-inch clearance between the shroud and the fan blade tips with the fan mounted midway in the shroud is ideal.
* Use a 50-50 mix of water and ethylene glycol (coolant).
* Back-flush the cooling system whenever possible to eliminate any foreign objects/debris that may gather in the cooling passages.
* Use a 185- to 195-degree Superstat or equivalent high-flow thermostat (with appropriate cap pressure).
* Ensure that the overflow tank on your cooling system is adequate to collect the coolant that is purged from the system. A tank with a quart to a quart and a half is typical for a V-8 system.
* Ensure that there are sufficient openings in the engine compartment to allow the exit of all air drawn from the front of the vehicle.
Like the oil that lubricates and keeps your engine running (or should), the coolant you choose to help cool that same engine should be chosen wisely. And unless you live in a paradise-like atmosphere, straight water won't cut it for anything street driven. So, just what is the best all-around coolant, if there even is such a thing? First, let's weigh our options: Ethylene glycol versus propylene glycol.
Ethylene glycol (EG) is the good-old yellow antifreeze we're all accustomed to by now-you know, the stuff that can kill your dog, is bad for the environment, and-for those fortunate enough to fall for the marketing ploy-comes conveniently pre-mixed 50-50 with water (for the same price as a full bottle of unmixed antifreeze!). It does just what it's supposed to do when used accordingly-cool an engine-but it's also toxic and non-biodegradable.
Propylene glycol (PG), on the other hand, is more tree-hugger friendly. Typically, this formulation is substantially less toxic, but at the same time, offers nearly the same cooling characteristics as EG-sometimes, even more so. In the case of Amsoil's Antifreeze and Coolant, the company claims consumers can expect to get seven (yes, seven!) years, or 250,000 miles, use just out of one treatment. Furthermore, on top of being compatible with ALL brands of coolant-including DEX-Cool, Sierra, and Zerex-Amsoil Antifreeze and Coolant is also reported to help stop leaks (cause by hairline cracks in welds and seams) due to its ability to adhere to metal.
More Photos From This Article View Slideshow
If your radiator looks like this, chances are, it's shot as a whole. Furthermore, the old "honeycomb" style construction core radiators aren't meant to withstand today's cooling system pressures, so that alone is reason enough to step up to a good modern unit.Here's a radiator core that came into the shop whose owner complained of an overheating condition. The blocked tubes are easily visible on the right side of the core. Further inspection revealed a total blockage of approximately one-third of the radiator core due to foreign object debris. This particular core is a four row with 3/8-inch fins on 1/2-inch centers.US Radiator's Tripleflow Desert Cooler monsters feature everything you'd ever want in an aluminum radiator-and then some. Between its die-stamped and TIG-welded tanks is one of the toughest cores built, hence its name.Whether provided by a mechanical fan driven off the engine pulleys or an electric fan, both need to be complemented by a well-built shroud that directs all the oncoming air through the radiator. If it's a mechanical unit, an 18-inch, seven-blade steel fan with a 2- to 2 3/4-inch pitch is ideal.To measure the airflow at idle, Don uses an anemometer placed in front of the radiator. This device tells Don if there are any dead spots in front of the radiator where the fan is not pulling air through and also gives him a baseline to compare other fans to if he decides to swap out the current one.This 16-pound radiator cap with a sacrificial anode inhibits corrosion of metal within the entire cooling system. The sacrificial anode is immersed in the coolant tank and the electrolysis attacks it instead of the cooling system and engine components.The coolant that overflows when the pressure in the system reaches the limit specified by the radiator cap is released in an overflow tank. Many companies sell nice, compact units such as the one pictured. Some of these are too small for standard V-8 cooling systems; choose one that will accommodate accordingly.
Keeping your cooling system sealed and at the correct pressure all starts-and usually ends-at the cap.As with thermostats, caps go bad after time, so replace as necessary with the proper size and style (the flip-top vented type aren't necessary unless you're not using an overflow-in other words, they're not necessary!).A small washer was placed to restrict the flow of the bypass hose, forcing the coolant to instead travel through the radiator once the thermostat is open. Like the upper and lower radiator hoses, the bypass hose should be in good condition with no dry rot or cracking evident. Also note that the lower radiator hose should use a spiral-wound spring to prevent collapse.Eco-friendly enthusiasts should appreciate the fact that Amsoil produces its Antifreeze and Engine Coolant in the form of propylene glycol (substantially less hazardous than EG); enthusiasts as a whole should appreciate the fact it's a superior coolant overall, lasting longer and providing more benefits than standard antifreeze.The first step in checking out the cooling system is to top off the radiator with the correct coolant. Able to withstand temperatures well below freezing and in excess of 250 degrees without boiling, the common coolant found in today's automobiles (including your truck) is a 50-50 mix of water and propylene or ethylene glycol (commonly referred to as antifreeze). The addition of ethylene glycol also introduces rust inhibiting properties to the coolant and acts as a lubricant as well.


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06 Jan 2016
Members of the Department of Engineering have been recognised for their outstanding contributions to society.
05 Jan 2016
Department of Engineering researchers are using deep learning techniques to help machines to see and recognise their location and surroundings.
15 Dec 2015
Several alumni of the Department of Engineering have found success through the Innovation Design Engineering programme by Royal College of Art and Imperial College London.
14 Dec 2015
Doctoral researcher in the Department of Engineering's Centre for Sustainable Development Kirsten Van Fossen has won World Rowing's 2015 Parmigiani Spirit Award.
10 Dec 2015
The Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET) announced the winners of its awards for inspiring female engineers.
Kristen MacAskill, PhD student at the Centre for Sustainable Development, recently convened and chaired an international seminar to explore the major challenges posed by disaster risk.
09 Dec 2015
Bill Gates includes 'Sustainable Materials - with both eyes open' by Julian Allwood, Jonathan Cullen and colleagues in his six best books this year.
03 Dec 2015
The University of Cambridge is launching a new research centre to explore the opportunities and challenges to humanity from the development of artificial intelligence.
02 Dec 2015
Two new funding initiatives at the University of Cambridge will support the UK's infrastructure and cities.
30 Nov 2015
A major showcase of companies developing new technologies from graphene and other two-dimensional materials took place at the Department's Cambridge Graphene Centre.


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Sun, March 24, 12:00pm
Music Videos in Competition
Program co-curated and presented by Dan Hirsch, featuring contemporary music videos.
Community Partner: UMS
Films Showing:
I'll Be Around by Yo La Tengo
(Phil Morrison, 2013) 5 min
Black Up by Shabazz Palaces
(Kahlil Joseph, 2011) 5 min
Quicksand Passin' Through by Tijuana Hercules
(John Vernon Forbes, Shawn Brennan, 2011) 2.5 min
Full-color animated music video for the song Quicksand Passin' Through from the album The Almanack of Bad Luck by the band Tijuana Hercules. Cartoons by Tijuana Hercules founder John Vernon...
Bird of Flames by David Lynch, Chrysta Bell
(Chel White, 2012) 5.5 min
Driven by the music of David Lynch and Chrysta Bell, Bird of Flames is a meditation on the enigmatic nature of love. In a small nightclub, a spider-like Vietnamese sorcerer...
Postcard From 1952 by Explosions In The Sky
(Peter Simonite, Annie Gunn, 2012) 7 min
Based on found 1950s photographs, Postcard From 1952 is a glimpse into the imagery of memory through the lens of the family camera. From here, we witness time pass, and...
Reagan by Killer Mike
(Daniel Garcia, Harry Teitelman, 2012) 4.5 min
Music video for Killer Mike's Regan railing against the US government's dealings. The targets include the last five presidents, aliens, a killer robot, and Mike himself....
Jack by U.S. Girls
(Emily Pelstring, 2012) 3 min
And And by Toru Matsumoto
(Mirai Mizue, 2012) 7 min
Wild Rumpus by Sonnymoon
(Lauren Santorio, 2012) 5 min
Wild Rumpus is a non-narrative experimental film with an emphasis on found footage and painted/collage animation assembled by hand. The film is accompanied by the song Wild Rumpus by American...
Kicks by The Judy Green
(Kent Lambert, 2012) 4 min
Monad by Chris Cohen
(Kate Dollenmayer, 2012) 4 min
Set to the music of Chris Cohen, Monad samples a small fraction of the thousands of snowflake photomicrographs made over the lifetime of Vermont folk hero Wilson Alwyn "Snowflake" Bentley,...
Until the Quiet Comes by Flying Lotus
(Kahlil Joseph, 2012) 4 min
Hot Potato Style by Nicky Da B
(Bob Weisz, Casey Coleman, 2011) 3 min
Hashshashin Chant by Demdike Stare
(Jonny Redman, 2011) 6 min


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21 Valentine Crafts for Preschoolers that are Just Plain Cute!
Your preschooler will loves these Valentine's Day craft ideas.
Your preschooler will loves these Valentine's Day craft ideas.
As a parent, you want the best for your children so they have happy, healthy lives. But good health isn't just about preventing sickness. It's also about maintaining healthy relationships. The relationships that parents forge with their kids are just as important as proper nutrition for long-term, overall health.
This article has lots of amazing and easy-to-make recipes that you and your kids will love!
Stay warm inside and try some of these ten craft ideas with your child this winter.
We all crave those close moments with our children that make our hearts melt. Connection is as essential to us parents as it is to our children. When our relationship is strong, it's also sweet -- so we receive as much as we give. That's what makes parenting worth all the blood, sweat and tears.
Get our most current parenting tips, advice, and resources delivered to you.
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Yea it was just a speculative sort of thing. That short porch would do ike a world of good though. I agree though. The mets are set at Sp for a long time. We just need the bats
You can't send balls into the short porch if you can't make contact. Also facing the Rays, Red Sox, Jays, and Orioles all year isn't going to help Ike because they have a ton of pitchers who can pitch circles around the majority of NL East pitchers. The lefties in the AL East are serious business.
I think Mets fans view Ike Davis a certain way and baseball fans view him an entirely different way. Ike Davis hasn't built any clout. Ike Davis is a lesser version of Chris Carter. Ike Davis goes to sleep at night wishing he was Brandon Moss. I think the investment (4-6th round pick) is what has a lot of guys hanging on to him.


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Thursday Must-Reads
Amazon loans: Turned away by banks, small firms are finding an unlikely lender in Amazon.com, the internet retail giant. WSJ.com.
Cliff hanger: Few small businesses expect lawmakers to avoid the so-called fiscal cliff by the end-of-year deadline, when spending cuts aimed at reducing the deficit kick in if a deal isn't reached. WSJ.com.
Name game: A guide to finding the perfect name for your company. Mashable.com
Who's hiring?: A report from payroll company ADP shows that employment is up at small establishments. Yet other indicators show smaller firms are still hurting from the recession. Here's an explanation. Bloomberg Businessweek.
All worked up: A Harvard study finds that, contrary to conventional wisdom, workers are more stressed out than their bosses. Inc.com.
Shopping network: Speaking Tuesday at an advertising confab in New York, Facebook COO Sheryl Sandberg said the giant social media site is aiming to become the go-to source for online ads and ecommerce, for small and big business alike. Entrepreneur.com.
What are you reading today? Please add your comments, or shoot us a note at email@example.com.


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Both Stephenson County and the City of Freeport have a stake in the Mill Race Crossing Industrial Park. But before any companies come to the Stateline, city aldermen must first agree on the park's potential.
In a six to two vote, a Freeport city committee approved the county's findings for Mill Race. It heads to the full council next week. The findings basically promise that Mill Race will add at least 500 jobs, and create new industry on these five-thousand acres of land. The park will be developed in stages. Three companies - including the Hog Processing Center Trim-Rite want to be the first to set up at Mill Race.
Should the city give final approve for Mill Race's findings, the state of Illinois must then approve the development, and decide on grant dollars. Aldermen are mixed though, on if the jobs growth predictions will hold up.
If Trim-Rite comes to Stephenson County, it would be renamed Freeport Farms. Two other companies, a bio-diesel plant and a home panel manufacturer also have expressed public interest in Mill Race.
Should the state of Illinois approve Mill Race Crossing Industrial Park, and development agreements are reached. At the earliest, the new companies could open for business in about 12 to 15 months.


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Aircraft Registration: G-VROC
Aircraft Type:B747-41R
From:London Heathrow
To:San Francisco
Date:18th July 2004
Well, here i was again, attempting to fly standby to LAX. However me and my two friends, James Rowson and Dale Coleman had been rejected from the previous days flights because they were full. We decided in the end to fly to SFO then get to LAX from there. I originally thought, hey, SFO to LAX its only what? a 4hr drive. Its nothing... Wasnt till I was 8hrs into the flight that the Purser onboard informed me that it was nearer to 6 or 7hours drive.
Oh well, on with the report It started on saturday the 17th...
After shooting some average heathrow traffic we then went down to see if we got on the flight VS07 which was a no... we then waited to see if we had gotten on the later flight... VS023 this again was a no.
James was tired
Dale didnt have time to be tired, all these BA 744's were too good to pass up!
So after wandering around for an hour or so trying other airlines we then went back home slightly dismayed but hopefull about sunday.
I expected to get booted from todays flights as well so we decided that our best chance would be to fly to San Francisco as there were seats available on this flight. The check in took forever and a day to complete and we ended up running to the gate making the flight late (Completly NOT our fault) and unfortunatly because of a mix up myself and james had been upgraded to Premium Economy but Dale was stuck back in economy but unfortunatly no more seats were left in PE. So with dale down the back, myself downstairs in 70F and James upstairs we were all seperated but atleast we were on the flight WOOOO HOOOOO!!!!!!
Here is the view from my seat (sorry about poor quality) anyone... "I'm a lady you see" hehe, Anyone guess what I was watching on V:port?
I managed to catch dale and james flirting with the hosties on board....
Dinner was served, for the life of me I cant remember what it was but it was nice and so was desert. I ended up flirting with the hosties for a little while and chilled...
Got some wicked photos as we flew over newfoundland and as we passed Gander I snapped this one...
Please check your spelling (press "Check Spelling" above)
©Copyright 2016 Demand Media, Inc. All Rights Reserved


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If you've ever taken out a home loan or completed a mortgage refinance, you've probably asked yourself "When should I lock my mortgage rate?" In this week's Watch-It Wednesday, Quicken Loans chief economist, Bob Walters, discusses the right time to lock your interest rate. If you have a mortgage question, send it to us at firstname.lastname@example.com. ! We might feature it on our next Watch-It Wednesday!
If you can't see the embedded video, click to learn about the best time to lock in your mortgage rate.
Video Transcription:
Everyone who goes through getting a mortgage faces the question of: "Should I lock my interest rate, or not?" at some point. Locking one's interest rate means exactly what it says. Interest rates are floating. Interest rates move like stocks – they go up and down every day, they're not fixed in time. Once someone gets in process to get a mortgage they're going to have to make a decision: "Do I want to lock in that interest rate? Do I think interest rates are going to go higher? Should I lock it, or should I float? Should I wait and see if maybe interest rates will fall a little bit?"
A lot of people who could care less about interest rates, when they get in process for a mortgage they become intensely aware of interest rates. They care very much about what's happening in the interest rate world and a few of them drive themselves absolutely crazy.
Whether or not you lock your interest rate or not, I think it primarily has to do with your situation. If you're refinancing your home or if your purchasing your home and you've looked at the payment based on today's interest rates and if it makes sense – if you're refinancing and your dropping your payment or if you're purchasing a home and you could afford that payment – go ahead and lock that loan. Don't play the market, leave that to the professionals.
All too often people make mistakes. They have that payment that they like and then they turn around and a week later the interest rates have gone up. Don't get too involved in what's going on with interest rates because at the end of the day, on a $100,000 loan for example, a difference in an eighth is only about $8 per month. Sure, we'd all like to have the absolute rock bottom rate but at the end of the day finding that payment that works for you is more important than trying to time the market.
Another thing with a rate lock that's very important is: Once you make that decision to lock your interest rate – get it in writing. This is very, very important so there is no discrepancy between you and the lender in the future when you think you were locked and they say that you're not locked. A lot of discrepancies come from that – getting it in writing protects you when you make that decision.
If so, subscribe now for tips on home, money, and life delivered straight to your inbox.


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Digital Publisher Manager
- Recruiter
- International Digital Agency
- Location
- Central London
- Salary
- 40-50K + Bonus & Bens
- Posted
- 29 Nov 2012
- Closes
- 18 Dec 2012
- Job Function
- Design and Production, eCRM, Mobile, Search Marketing, Social Media
- Contract
- Permanent
Job Description
We are currently working with an established Digital Marketing Agency with huge international brands on their portfolio; they are well connected and have demonstrated the ability to deliver on time and effectively. They are now seeking to recruit a Publisher Manager to join their London office.
This candidate will be a highly motivated, team player who is willing and able to work effectively under pressure and within a fast-paced environment. This position will involve working on a dynamic and flexible team.
The Publisher Manager will be responsible for distribution and placement of advertiser campaigns via online channels including email, display, social and mobile marketing. Other essentials of this position will be to negotiate online media buys with tier one publishers, affiliate sales representatives, grow and develop relationships with new and existing publishers, present to clients, and engage publishers to activate campaigns and maximize revenue. This role will be international but predominantly focusing on the UK market.
We are looking for driven individuals with attention to detail, strong negotiation skills, adaptive to a fast paced environment, ability to multi-task, project goals/track pacing, and strong follow through on opportunities.
Candidate Requirements
• The ideal candidate will have no less than 3 years experience with a publisher background (ideally will have dealt with tier 1 publishers)
• Knowledge of the affiliate and lead generation space with good network of affiliates/publishers
• Knowledge of the UK performance marketing space (lead generation and email)
• Good at building strong relationships
• Someone who is confident, strong sales skills and experience of cold calling
• Good documentation skills and ability to converse well in a clear, understandable way
• An analytical mind and problem solving skills are essential
• Proven ability to plan, organise, manage time, and prioritise tasks
• Driven and commission orientated
• Some experience of mobile is preferred
• Second language would be preferred
Contact / Application Details
The advertiser has specified that Recruitment Agencies may NOT contact them regarding this position.
Position: Publisher Manager
Salary: £40-50K + Bonus & Bens
Location: London
Contract: Permanent
Contact: Daniel Pincott
Posted: 19/09
Reference: 881685
Referral Reward: £350
Just Digital is a specialist Digital Marketing & E-Commerce Recruiter. If you're a digital marketing or e-commerce professional interested in advancing your career, we can help. Our core sectors include Retail, Leisure & Travel, Technology, Financial Services and E-Commerce Vendors.
Not quite right for you? If you know someone who would be great for this job, then please contact us or send us their details (with their permission of course!) along with the job reference number. We pay generous rewards for all successful referrals!


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Fresh Android Apps for Feb. 10: WindFreak, My Railway, World Cup Table Tennis
by Ian Black
Blow me down! Even weather apps can be specialized, check out WindFreak if you doubt it.
In today's fresh games, try My Railway to roll your own train system and World Cup Table Tennis for pro-level ping-pong competition.
WindFreak (Free)
For extreme wind sport enthusiasts, general weather apps aren't specific enough to be useful. This app comes especially designed for surfers, kitesurfers, windsurfers, sailors and others. Store your favorite spot then use the home screen widget to get a four-day forecast of wind conditions. If winds prevail, share the news with friends over social media with just a couple of taps.
The developer claims new features – including webcams and high-resolution WRF (Weather Research and Forecasting) models – are coming soon. A pay version of the app adds the ability to store 15 favorite spots and other features.
My Railway (Free)
Train nerds unite! You know who you are. Have you taken over a living room or basement with your own model railroad? Do you visit train graveyards on weekends? Do you wear an engineer's hat instead of baseball cap? Get this app!
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Freddie targets Lancashire trophies
Cricket, Updated:
Andrew Flintoff says he wants to add to the two trophies he has won at Lancashire after signing a three-year contract at Old Trafford.
The 31-year-old retired from Test cricket at the end of the Ashes-winning summer after yet another injury - this time to his knee - meant it was impossible to carry on in all forms of the game.
However the double Ashes-winner made it clear that he was keen to continue in both Twenty20 and one-day cricket but rejected an ECB incremental contract to leave his options open.
The media dubbed the Lancastrian a 'cricketer for hire' but Flintoff was at great pains to make it clear that his priorities remained with England in the shorter versions of the game.
The popular all-rounder will doubtless ply his trade in the India IPL and may even go overseas to play in other domestic T20 competitions.
But he has now pledged his future to Lancashire to play one-day and 20-over cricket and is looking forward to adding further silverware to the Old Trafford trophy cabinet.
"To sign a new deal is what I wanted to do," he said. "I've played for the club since I was nine and I don't want to play anywhere else in county cricket.
"I've got personal ambitions but I've got team ambitions as well. I've won two trophies at Lancashire. I've been at this club a long time and I want to add to that.
"Personally, yes I do want to be the best one-day player in the world, it's something which I feel I can do. Just playing the two forms of the game I can focus all my attentions on trying to be that player."


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Nothing gets Justin Timberlake going quite like the smell of a woman's natural scent….Even if the lady is a bit harsh on the old nose.
"Some people say BO [body odor] can be an aphrodisiac and I agree. It depends on who the body the odor is coming from. It's a long-term intimate thing. You don't want it to be the first thing you smell when she comes into the room. It's about layers – layers meant to be discovered,"
JT – who is currently dating actress Jessica Biel and counts Cameron Diaz and Britney Spears among his exes – told Cosmopolitan Magazine this month.
He added: "Men like scents that have more to do with food than roses. Something subtle and not too loud or overt. A woman doesn't need something whimsical to be sexy – smart is sexy. Sleek is sexy."
Wonder what kind of food Jess smells like?
« Zac Efron Needs To Lose The Beard (And No, We're Not Talking About Vanessa Hudgens) Rihanna Nose Job? »


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Quote Wease:
and the Elf will (using some very convincing and relevant arguments) try to disuade you from buying any kinda mixer and get used to mixing in the box
Just look at all the confusion above...
Unless you REALLY know what you're doing mixers bring complication, confusion and compromise.
Living without a mixer is often a culture shock, but it's one worth bearing.
An Eagle for an Emperor, A Kestrel for a Knave.
|Post Extras


text:
- Published: New York : Dutton Children's Books, 2001.
- Year Published: 2001
- Edition: 1st ed.
- Description: 197 p.
- Language: English
- Format: Book
Reading Level
- Lexile: 680
ISBN/Standard Number
- 0525465227 :
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A face first
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Youth level.
Twelve-year-old Kelley decides to cut off contact with her friends and classmates after suffering third-degree burns to her face and body in a car accident near her home on Maryland's Kent Island.
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Blogging and all that stuff:
Where do I start? There are so many topics and subjects to expound on! The first logical question would be why would someone blog, or more specifically why would a coach blog?
When many of us were growing up we received our information from four TV stations, a few AM radio stations, and a local paper or two. I believe the style and content of journalism was different as well.
Here we are in 2007 with infinite TV, radio stations, newspapers, and the internet. Information is everywhere, on every subject, which is by in large a good thing. Many more people weigh in on every available topic under the sun.
Athletics, and the topics related to it draw interest and passion from a wide ranging audience. Fans can get their information from a wide range of sources, and they can voice their opinions as well.
So in an era where there are so many sources reporting information about a certain subject, maybe the subject should give out their own information.
Thus rather than have others report about me and our program, I think it is healthy to get information straight from the source. In the past one relied on the general media to get the message out. Now because of the power and availability of the internet any organization has an opportunity to participate in the message being sent to the public at large.
So there you go! Having a variety of informational sources is the best way to form opinions; certainly information straight from the source should be included in the overall message.
From time to time I would like to give some information that you may find useful, entertaining, or help you form opinions about me or Colorado Football. I have to warn you that some of it may be a little eclectic, and not the usual sports banter. You can always get the usual information from other sources.
The season so far:
Clearly we would rather be 4-0. Great heart and resolve coming back vs. CSU and winning in overtime.
Too many dropped passes and turnovers at ASU. We were surprised to be up 14-0 against a quality opponent and unable to force the issue and seal the deal when we had opportunities. We learned that we cannot change what happened in the previous play and that when wanting to make a difference we must focus on doing our own job.
Miami-Ohio, for the first time since I have been here we did what we were capable and supposed to do. We continue to see the improvement of the defense while our offense got their horns out in the running game. We did miss some opportunities on offense as we fumbled on the first drive in the second half, and Cody forced a ball for an interception on the second. We had a couple costly penalties on punt return that hurt us as well. But our guys are certainly progressing mentally and physically, which is big.
The Crowds:
You guys have been awesome! Big time atmosphere and feeling in the stadium! We need you there early and stay until it is over. The energy the crowd provides a team is powerful and we appreciate it. Joining the Buffalo Round Up tunnel by Libby Hall two-and-a-half hours prior to kickoff also provides a big boost. Keep filling up Folsom Field, the most beautiful stadium in the country!
The Cowboys? C'mon it's John Wayne! Definitely my favorite. You watch it and you will know why!
Love it. Let me turn you on to
Hey gotta get back to work. Hope you like the experiment and get something out of it!


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the pen was for size comparison.
Printable View
the pen was for size comparison.
Poor guy though, he's just a baby. He didn't know what he was doing.
Ugh, I cringed when you put the pen in and poked it. The puppy was cute indeed though.
Thought you were going to show a video of Mario to be honest.
What? Why would he be in my house?
good question, pichubro ...
I think we all know whyQuote:
the pen was for size comparison.
Well full grown they are about five inches
Why was Mario in your house, Pichubro?
I don't know
He's only 5 inches?
5 inch long scorpions are pretty big.
doesnt vindicate the size of his penis
but how would I know that?
Well it was tough to tell at first but then you put down a pen beside it.
Oh, now it makes sense


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Criminal Law
Criminal Law Questions? Ask a Criminal Lawyer.
Well an arrest is not an arraignment and in most cases the PD will not meet with the defendant until that initial hearing, just prior. This is usually based on the fact that the PD is very busy.
There is not much you can do about medications until the defendant is evaluated for any health problems. He can request to meet with the in-house medical staff and they will prescribe and distribute the meds to him as needed. But he has no right to have in his possession any medications while incarcerated.
It is not illegal; but they risk a lawsuit should something terrible happen to this man. So, you can certainly contact them and tell them that if his meds are not properly administered and something happens, you will be prepared to sue and encourage them to mind that he is an elderly man with heart problems
Did they set the bond at his arraignment? Or was it set by a commissioner of sorts? In other words, did he go to court when the bond was set?
Right. That would be an arraignment. So he has had his initial appearance, he plead not guilty, bond was set. It is unfortunate the computers are down. Remember, too, that a lot of times if bond is posted that may preclude the assistance of the public defender as the premise is if you can afford to post bond, you can afford a private attorney.
So I suggest you contact the PD's office and see what they think about posting bond.
When is his next court date, do you know?
He does not necessarily see the PD at a Preliminary which is the same as arraignment. His next court date should be his trial and he will see the PD then. Maybe before. It depends on how swamped they are. Has he put his name on a list to have a visit by the PD?
It does not matter how the bond is posted. If it is posted at all, it can hinder his eligibilty for the PD services
You should just contact the PD in your county and they can fully explain all of this for you, perhaps, better than I in this venue. Sometimes a voice conversation is better
I see. Then you just need to be patient. It is up to you to post bond or not. I am only telling what could happen, if you do.
DISCLAIMER: Answers from Experts on JustAnswer are not substitutes for the advice of an attorney. JustAnswer is a public forum and questions and responses are not private or confidential or protected by the attorney-client privilege. The Expert above is not your attorney, and the response above is not legal advice. You should not read this response to propose specific action or address specific circumstances, but only to give you a sense of general principles of law that might affect the situation you describe. Application of these general principles to particular circumstances must be done by a lawyer who has spoken with you in confidence, learned all relevant information, and explored various options. Before acting on these general principles, you should hire a lawyer licensed to practice law in the jurisdiction to which your question pertains.
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Welcome to Greenlight's media centre run off the new GOSSIP platform
GOSSIP is: Greenlight's Online Search and Social Interaction Platform, and provides a home for all of our media assets – press releases, videos, Twitter and blog posts, guides, surveys, forums, polls, widgets, graphics, podcasts, promotions and much more.
Beauty Sector Report, Issue 2, September 2013
By Catriona Macleod | 18 October 2013 |
A 360˚ analysis of the most important search terms, trends and benchmarking data in the online Beauty sector. This report provides an exclusive snapshot of the online search and social media market for your sector right now. From the size of your potential audience to the top performing companies, it's all here. Product focus: Fragrance, Hair care, Makeup, Nail care, Skin care
The Magazine: The eCommerce Issue
By Greenlight | 18 October 2013 |
The latest edition of Greenlight's magazine features guest publications from Hybris, Shutl and WorldPay as well as a feature article from Greenlight's Director of Technology and eCommerce, Kevin Murray. Topics include, closing the circle between online and offline customer shopping behaviour, how consumer demand is shaping future eCommerce experiences, the international expansion of eCommerce and what Shutl delivery means for online gifting.
GreenlightMKTG on Twitter
By Greenlight | 17 October 2013 |
HMV relaunches online strategy with free mobile phone app http://t.co/7bl7IbOYIo
Blog Posts
Retailers far more exposed to vagaries of the weather than they once were
By Neil Saunders- Guest Author | 17 October 2013 |
Greenlight has on several occasions talked about the impact of the weather on online sales and the need for online vendors' SEO and PPC campaigns to flexibly accommodate and easily adapt to any sudden turn of tide. So it's interesting to see retail research agency and consulting firm, Conlumino, in its analogy of the BRC's latest retail sales results, note just how much of a role the weather – aside from the economy, has shaped them, when compared to the same time last year.
66% upsurge in online searches for cruises
By Krishna Rao | 16 October 2013 |
The volume of UK online searches for cruise holidays in August rose a staggering 66% on May levels, reveals analysis of the latest search data from Greenlight. Its latest report covering the sector also found queries for cruise excursions on the UK's river Thames saw the biggest increase compared to the Caribbean, Mediterranean and the Nile.
GreenlightMKTG on Twitter
By Greenlight | 16 October 2013 |
RT @Econsultancy: More digital fallout for #WHSmith: how will taking its site down impact on sales, PPC and more? http://t.co/9AC6nq4Nl8
GreenlightMKTG on Twitter
By Greenlight | 15 October 2013 |
Twitter now lets you receive direct messages from any follower http://t.co/HRC90AoMbw via @verge
Blog Posts
We blog therefore we are: Who blogs, who should blog and why
By Victoria Galloway | 15 October 2013 |
Here at Greenlight we all love blogs and blogging but to what extent do the rest of the world? Well, you'll be pleased to know they are of the same opinion – so it's not just us! Instead of rooting around for something content based to talk about I thought I'd wow you all with some blogging facts and then look into exactly why people blog. What draws us to blogging, what do we think we'll get out of it and who do we think, or hope, is reading?
Greenlight on Facebook
By Greenlight | 14 October 2013 |
Whilst this will give an indication of what we expect from you, we also expect you to think outside of this list of words, go and create something special, look for opportunities, come to us with ideas. Key Tasks Own the Marketing strategy for Greenlight Digital, what is it, what does good look li...
GreenlightMKTG on Twitter
By Greenlight | 14 October 2013 |
We are looking for a Head of Marketing to join our team in London. 5+ years experience essential https://t.co/B136iBFYQp #marketing #jobs


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real estate, as you might have heard, location is everything. It's relatively straightforward to figure out which neighborhood in a particular town is the
right location, location, location for your needs - schools, character,
proximity to amenities and things like crime rates and commutability
render a given neighborhood more or less of a good fit for a given home owner.
But how can you tell which cities you should feel optimistic about in the coming year?
It's all about the fundamentals, folks.
I sat down with Trulia's Economist, Jed Kolko, and asked him for his short list of spots across the country that he projects will be the healthiest housing markets in 2013, and for his rationale behind picking the cities that made the list. Kolko explained: "The healthy markets that made the list have strong job growth (Bureau of Labor Statistics), which bodes well for housing demand; low vacancy rates (U.S. Postal Service)–low enough to encourage new construction, but not so low that inventory and sales are restrained; and low foreclosure inventory (RealtyTrac), since foreclosures tend to hold back recovery."
The 10 Healthiest Metros for Housing in 2013
Peabody, MA ***
Among the 100 largest metros.
***Note that Peabody MA refers to the Essex County metropolitan division, which includes the suburbs north of Boston, with a population of 740,000.
- Houston, San Francisco, Austin, and Seattle have some of the fastest job growth in the country.
- San Antonio, Omaha, Fort Worthand Louisville had only mild price declines during the housing crisis.
- Seattle, San Antonio, and Peabody have low, manageable vacancy rates.
- Bethesda and Omaha have very low foreclosure inventories."
Interestingly enough, Kolko went on, "rising prices were not included as part of our definition of healthy local housing markets. Many of the markets with the largest price gains in 2012 were rebounding from huge price declines during the bust, but they still have weak fundamentals, such as high vacancy rates, large foreclosure inventories, or slow job growth. For instance, Las Vegas and Phoenix both have high vacancy rates and large foreclosure inventories going into 2013, despite having year-over-year asking-price increases of 14% and 27%, respectively, according to the November Trulia Price Monitor. And Detroit has a sky-high vacancy rate and is suffering job losses, even though asking prices in Detroit rose 10% year-over-year."
"Just as losing lots of weight might be part of an unhealthy cycle of yo-yo dieting, big price gains aren't necessarily a sign of a healthy housing market if they're being driven by a post-crash rebound, rather than solid fundamentals. That's why Las Vegas, Phoenix, and Detroit aren't on the healthiest-markets list for 2013."
And he didn't stop there - Kolko went on to call out a whole list of what will be IN and OUT in real estate in 2013. Get up to speed on this year's predictions, here.
ALL: What do you hope to see happen in the housing markets this year? What about in your local market?
P.S.: You should follow Trulia and Tara on Facebook!
Read more posts on Trulia's Real Estate Realist »
Read the original article on Trulia.com's Real Estate Realist. Copyright 2013.


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The Pacific War Online Encyclopedia
|Previous: Prometheus Class, U.S. Repair Ships
|Table of Contents
|Next: Provisions Storeships (AF)
Warning: Some of the images
on this page may be offensive to some readers. Discretion is advised.
War propaganda is a set of messages aimed at the morale of its target population. It can be aimed at one's own civil or military population for the purpose of increasing morale, or it can be aimed at the enemy's civil or military population for the purpose of destroying morale. In either case, it is a form of psychological warfare. Although propaganda is often untruthful, it is distinct from disinformation, which is aimed at an enemy's intelligence apparatus.
Propaganda can be broadly classified as white, gray or black, and as
defensive or offensive propaganda or as counterpropaganda. Propaganda
can also be classified by the medium through which it is transmitted,by
the nature of its target audience, and by the effect it is intended to
White propaganda is propaganda officially released by a government or military command. No effort is made to disguise its source, and it is most effective when it is truthful. Paul M.A. Linebarger, a U.S. Army psychological warfare officer who wrote a classic textbook on psychological warfare, declared (Linebarger 1954):
Almost all good propaganda — no matter what kind — is true. It uses truth selectively....
The appeal of credible fact is universal; propaganda does not consist of doctoring the fact with moralistic blather, but of selecting that fact which is correct, interesting, and bad for the enemy to know....
Propaganda cannot function in a vacuum framed by moral generalities. The goal must be defined in the light of authentic news or intelligence. The operation can be sustained only if there is enough factual reality behind it to make the propaganda fit the case known or credited by the majority of the listeners counted one by one.
Propaganda that looked like propaganda was almost completely ineffective either at building friendly morale or at destroying enemy morale. The Collier's cover depicting Japan as a fanged bat was probably much less effective than the realistic depiction of a Japanese rifleman taking aim at the viewer. It follows that it was difficult to produce propaganda that was effective at destroying the morale of a nation that knew it was winning or at building the morale of a nation that was watching its cities be destroyed from the air and its ships sunk at sea.
Greater effectiveness was not the only reason for basing white propaganda on the truth. Because white propaganda is an official communication from a government or military command, the exposure of untruths in white propaganda can be very damaging to national prestige. Furthermore, both friend and foe are likely to take seriously the policy implications of white propaganda pronouncements. British propagandists were highly conscious of this fact, and British propaganda was careful to reflect the settled war aims and policies of His Majesty's Government. By contrast, American propaganda too often made promises that could not all be kept, as when OSS propagandists promised support for the Viet Minh at the same time that the Office of War Information was trying to win over the Vichy French. This was less the result of deliberate duplicity than of the fragmented and decentralized nature of the American propaganda effort, which meant that propaganda came from a variety of agencies with different understandings of American policies and war aims.
White propaganda could be a significant source of intelligence for
the enemy. If a propaganda campaign began emphasizing the importance of
conserving fuel for the war effort, the enemy could infer that coal production was down. If a military
command began a campaign aimed at reducing venereal disease, the enemy
could infer that there were problems with discipline and morale within
the command. If a drive was launched to recruit women for
factory work, the enemy might infer that there was a shortage of
manpower (though, since no belligerent government ever though it had
enough manpower, the usefulness of this particular piece of
intelligence is questionable.) Of course, a propaganda campaign might
be deliberately tailored to spread disinformation, as when Allied troops scheduled for deployment to the Aleutians were subject to a well-publicized campaign on prevention of tropical diseases.
Linebarger (1954)
Black propaganda is propaganda whose true source is deliberately disguised. It can be enormously effective: The infamous Protocols of the Elders of Zion, a Czarist Russian forgery created as anti-Semitic black propaganda, remains in circulation over a century after its original publication. During the Pacific War, black propaganda was usually passed off as coming from the enemy government or military commanders. For example, the leaflet shown above appears to be an extraordinarily tactless and insulting set of instructions to U.S. troops in the Philippines on how to avoid contracting venereal disease from Filipino women. However, this leaflet was actually prepared and surreptitiously distributed by the Japanese Army in an attempt to drive a wedge between the Americans and their Filipinos allies. Other examples of black propaganda included forged instructions to medical officers on how troops might fake illness or injury, which were targeted at ordinary troops to encourage such malingering or create suspicion that others were malingering.
The "Tanaka Memorandum" was a prominent work of
black propaganda of uncertain origin. It purported to be a document drafted in 1927 for the
Japanese Cabinet outlining a program for conquering the world,
beginning with China. It was first published in China in 1929, an English translation was circulated by Chinese
organizations in the United States, and the memorandum was mentioned in
Capra's Why We Fight
series. By 1941, it was widely believed to be genuine, because
subsequent Japanese actions in Asia conformed surprisingly closely to
the plan outlined in the memorandum. However, no trace of a Japanese
original could be found by the occupation authorities in Japan, and
most scholars have since concluded that that it was a brilliant
forgery. Just
who was responsible for it remains uncertain; the most likely
candidates are the Chinese or the Russians, though there is a very
slight chance it was produced by the British. Whatever its actual
origin, it is still presented as authentic in the schools of 21st
century mainland China.
Grey propaganda falls somewhere between the extremes of white and black propaganda. In most cases the source of the propaganda is simply left unspecified. Gray propaganda included information fed to news organizations of neutral nations that was broadcast without any indications that it came from one of the belligerent governments.
Offensive propaganda was propaganda aimed at destroying the morale
of its target audience, which was usually enemy troops or civilians. It
could be white, black, or gray. Defensive propaganda was propaganda
aimed at sustaining the morale of its target audience, which was usually
friendly troops or civilians, and it was almost always white
propaganda. Defensive propaganda used some of the same methods as
peacetime advertising, including branding and sloganeering. Examples of
memoravble propaganda slogans included "V for Victory", "Loose Lips Sink
Ships", and "Ships for Victory", the latter the slogan of Maritime Commission propaganda aimed at increasing worker productivity.
Late in the war, the Japanese attempted to counter Allied reports of atrocities with leaflets like the one shown above. While the chauvinism of the text cannot have contributed to its effectiveness, even skillfully produced counterpropaganda was usually a wasted effort. "Really good propaganda does not worry about counterpropaganda. It never assumes that the enemy propagandist is a gentleman: he is by definition a liar. Your listeners and you are the only gentlemen left on earth" (Linebarger 1954).
In fact, the Allies exercised some restraint in using reports of atrocities in their propaganda. "Atrocity propaganda begets atrocity.... Atrocity propaganda reacts against war in general; meanwhile it goads the enemy into committing more atrocities.... Atrocity propaganda heats up the imagination of troops, makes them more liable to nervous or psychoneurotic strain. It increases the chances of one's own side committing atrocities in revenge for the ones alleged or reported" (Linebarger 1954).
Another failing of the leaflet shown above is that the Japanese
propagandist who wrote it could not resist the temptation to insult his
American audience. As emotionally satisfying as it is to take
rhetorical shots at the enemy, it makes for very poor propaganda. The
successful propagandist generally aims to build trust through
expressions of empathy and magnanimity.
Propaganda aimed at the enemy generally played to his natural fear of the dangers of combat while downplaying the considerable risks of attempting to surrender. Both Japan and the Allies dropped leaflets over enemy positions encouraging surrender. Those distributed by the Japanese often took the form of a "surrender card" with instructions on how to offer surrender on one side and a pornographic picture of a Western woman on the other. Allied propagandists, in turn, learned to avoid using the word "surrender", which was unthinkable to the Japanese soldier, and substituted "cease resistance" instead on their surrender leaflets. These and other leaflets distributed to combat troops were often crude and seem to have rarely been effective for their intended purpose, but they made a nice source of toilet paper.
The Allies learned by trial and error that criticisms of the
Japanese leadership or war aims were rarely if ever successful at
inducing surrender. Leaflets or broadcasts that emphasized the
hopelessness of the Japanese position and the pointlessness of further
resistance, and which promised good treatment to those that surrendered,
were more effective, especially when euphemisms such as "accept U.S.
protection" in place of "surrender" were used.
Linebarger (1954)
Propaganda could be, and was, transmitted through almost every conceivable medium. Leaflets
and posters, such as those reproduced here, were a very common medium
used for almost every kind of propaganda in almost every theater.
Defensive propaganda leaflets and posters were straightforward to
distribute, but offensive propaganda leaflets required a delivery
mechanism that could reach behind the enemy lines. Although guerrillas in the Philippines were active in distributing propaganda leaflets, these were more typically dispersed from aircraft or artillery.
Leaflet bombs and shells became quite sophisticated, with release
mechanisms that ensured that the leaflets were distributed uniformly
over the maximum possible area. A B-25 could carry seventeen leaflet bombs, each packed with 40,000 leaflets prepared for wide dispersal.
Leaflets intended for some of the less developed areas of southeast Asia and China
suffered from the disadvantage that much of the population was unable
to read any language. A significant number of leaflets were produced
that used cartoon images in place of words to state their message.
Another important medium was radio. This was effective only when the target audience had radios capable of receiving the broadcast, which put the Allies at a serious disadvantage: Private ownership of shortwave receivers, capable of receiving broadcasts from abroad, had been banned in Japan since 1932. It was not until the Allies captured islands close enough to Japan for medium wave broadcasts that a serious radio propaganda effort could be undertaken. By contrast, the Japanese made extensive use of propaganda broadcasts.
Motion pictures were an important form of defensive propaganda. Some
were produced by the government itself, while others were nominally
private productions that received various forms of government subsidies
and reflected government policies. The American armed services produced
a large number of training films for their soldiers and sailors that often had propaganda value.
Other media included cigarettes, match books, or almost anything
else that could have a propaganda message printed on it. These were
essentially leaflets whose trinket value added to their attractiveness
to their target audience. For example, Organization 136 ran
Operation Lucifer, in which thousands of match boxes were dropped over Thailand. The Japanese countered with their own propaganda claiming the match boxes were boobytrapped.
The English word propaganda
was originally a neutral term for messages advocating a position or
policy. However, following the First World War, there was a backlash
against wartime government propaganda, and the word became a
pejorative for untruthful or unbalanced advocacy by government or
political parties. This was particularly true in the United States, where Allied
propaganda was blamed for allegedly drawing the country into an unnecessary war
and where the Wilson administration was criticized for having imposed
unprecedented wartime restrictions on speech and the press to ensure
public support for the government.
The totalitarian governments of the Axis and of communist Russia established ministries of propaganda to manipulate public opinion in their own countries. This reinforced the pejorative connotations of the word in England and the United States, which may have helped prevent a repeat of the restrictive policies of the Wilson administration during the Second World War. Instead, the majority of the press engaged in voluntary self-censorship of information that could be helpful to the enemy, and criticisms of the Roosevelt administration continued even after U.S. entry into the war. Though the attack on Pearl Harbor guaranteed that there would be little criticism of the decision to go to war, criticisms of its conduct were occasionally quite sharp, particularly in the Republican press.
Another factor in the relatively free operation of the American press during the Pacific War was the attitude of Attorney General Francis Biddle, who held libertarian views on freedom of expression. Biddle ordered federal attorneys not to bring charges against individuals who demonstrated against the war, such as a young man in Chicago who was fined $200 for disorderly conduct by a local judge when he booed a newsreel of Roosevelt. Biddle's reluctance to pursue sedition charges against outspoken opponents of Roosevelt did not please the president, but it helped preserve a free press during the war years.
The British propaganda effort was well-organized and skillful, and
it likely made a significant contribution to winning the war in Europe.
The Political Warfare Executive (PWE) coordinated all external
propaganda and included representatives of the the armed services, the
Ministry of Information, an the Foreign Office. Actual propaganda
operations were left to the Ministry of Information and the British
Broadcasting Corporation. The British propaganda effort was thus backed
by clear policies and worked towards coherent propaganda objectives.
However, the British were largely focused on the European war, and only
limited resources were available for the war in the Far East.
By contrast, the American propaganda effort was clumsy and
fragmented until 1943, and while it improved greatly thereafter, there
was never a single coordinating agency comparable to the PWE. The
U.S. Army was almost completely unprepared to wage psychological
warfare in early 1941. There was not a single full-time
psychological warfare officer in the Army from 1925 to 1935, and from
1919 to 1929 there were only two War College papers on the subject.
However, on 11 July 1941 Roosevelt named William Donovan as Coordinator
of Information, and his office became known as COI. COI was primarily a
strategic intelligence organization, but Donovan had become convinced of the importance of psychological
warfare while in Belgrade on a mission from Roosevelt to encourage the
Serbs to resist the Germans. Acting without clear authorization, Donovan set up the Foreign Information Service (FIS), which began to
feed propaganda to the American press. At about the same time, the Army
organized its own secret propaganda unit, the Special Study Group
FIS and SSG had a rather wary relationship until 13 June 1942, when Roosevelt set up the Office of War Information. OWI had authority over all domestic propaganda and all white propaganda outside the Western Hemisphere, and it took over FIS from COI. COI itself was replaced by the Office of Strategic Services (OSS), which retained the intelligence gathering functions of COI, continued to carry out black propaganda operations, and carried out subversive operations in cooperation with the military. The War Department renamed SSG the Psychological Warfare Branch, but this was first split between OWI and the Army and then abolished completely, leaving Army psychological warfare operations in the hands of regular staff officers in the Operations Division of the Army General Staff.
By 1945 this hodgepodge of agencies had somehow been transformed
into a propaganda apparatus capable of pursuing coherent objectives.
The Army revived its psychological warfare effort as the Propaganda
Branch, which worked closely with OWI and OSS, and the major theater
commanders had each worked out their own relationships with local OWI
and OSS representatives. The latter arrangements reflected the growing
realization that "Psychological warfare is a function of command" (Linebarger 1954).
propaganda aimed at the Allied public typically sought to vilify the
enemy, to amplify the sense of threat posed
by his armed forces, and to appeal to the population's patriotism. It
varied from benign admonitions to work harder "to help bring the
boys home" to blatantly racist depictions of the enemy. The latter
played on ugly stereotypes of the Japanese,
their Oriental
features and often depicting them as rats, snakes, or other disgusting
animals. It is
difficult to accurately assess the effectiveness of such propaganda,
but the success of ordinary advertising suggests that such propaganda
could have a significant effect. Unfortunately, this effect may not
always have been helpful: Japanese propagandists saw to it that the
more virulent American propaganda was passed on to America's Chinese allies, who did not much care for such depictions of Asians.
White propaganda from the Office of War Information was rarely blatantly false, but it was selected to promote morale and sometimes stretched the truth. For instance, the deaths of the five Sullivan brothers in the sinking of Juneau was used for propaganda purposes, but the fact that some of the brothers probably died because their task force dared not linger to search for survivors was omitted. While the decision to sail on may have been the correct military decision, it was not the kind of decision that it was thought would play well with the public. On the other hand, Yamamoto expressed astonishment that the American government had released accurate information on the casualties at Pearl Harbor within a few months of the attack. By contrast, the Japanese Navy routinely exaggerated enemy casualties while concealing its own, sometimes even from the Japanese Army and government.
American propaganda was also directed towards the people of the Philippines, where much of the population remained deeply sympathetic to the Allied cause. This propaganda was based on the figure of Douglas MacArthur and took such forms as "Victory Packages" (Bauer 2002):
Items scarce in the Philippines, such as cigarettes, matches, chewing gum, and candy bars, sewing kits and pencils, would be individually packaged with the American and Philippine flags on one side and the phrase "I shall return" over General MacArthur's facsimile signature on the other side. These "victory packages" would be slipped into the Philippines via submarine and distributed throughout the islands.
American propaganda aimed at the Japanese included a Japanese-language newspaper, Jisei, which was dropped by aircraft throughout the operating area of 14 Air Force in southeast Asia. A similar paper, Rakkasan (Parachute News) was distributed in the Southwest Pacific.
With the realization that the handful of prisoners of war taken during the early Pacific campaigns included a disproportionate number of Koreans,
the Americans began producing propaganda leaflets playing on Korean
grievances, attempting to drive a wedge between the Koreans and the
Japanese, and encouraging the Koreans to murder their officers or
desert to the Americans. These were used in the Marianas in June 1944, along with leaflets targeting Japanese civilians on the islands.
The capture of the Marianas put the Americans within range of medium wave receivers in Japan, and the Americans began a serious effort to broadcast offensive propaganda. Ironically, the mere fact of the loss of Saipan was as psychologically devastating to the Japanese public as the contents of any Allied broadcast.
Rhodes (1976)
As the Allied counteroffensive rolled forward, American domestic propaganda became more triumphalist in tone, as illustrated by this postage stamp reproducing a famous photograph of the flag raising on Iwo Jima. The photograph itself had been seen by almost every American and was one of the great iconic images of the war.
Propaganda Leaflets of World War 2
Allied aircraft began dropping leaflets on Japanese-controlled cities towards the end of the war. On 22 February 1945, the British dropped leaflets on Meiktila warning that it would be raided the next day. This had little effect, particularly as the raid was by only three aircraft and did little damage. Much more successful was the leaflet reproduced above, which named several cities the Americans intended to bomb and urged civilians to evacuate these cities. The translation is:
A Warning to the Japanese People
Would you consider saving the lives of your parents, siblings, friends, and yourselves? If you want to save your lives, read this leaflet thoroughly.
In a few days the U.S. Air Force will bomb military targets in all or some of the cities listed on the reverse side of this leaflet.
In these cities there are military targets or munitions production facilities. The weapons used by the Japanese military authorities in order to extend this hopeless war will be completely destroyed by the U.S. Air Force. However, bombs cannot see, so we do not know where they will land. As you know, we Americans are a humanitarian people and we do not want to injure innocent people. Therefore, please evacuate these cities.
You are not America's enemy. The Japanese
military authorities who have gotten you involved in the war are the
enemy. The peace that the U.S. is considering is to liberate you from
the oppression of the Japanese military authorities. If we liberate
you, we will be able to establish a new and better nation for you.
It would be better for you to select new leaders who will end the war and restore peace.
The cities not listed on the reverse side of this leaflet may be attacked, but some or all of the cities that are listed will be attacked.
This is a warning. Therefore, evacuate the cities listed on the reverse side of this leaflet.
This leaflet was not dropped solely for humanitarian reasons. It
was a form of psychological warfare, attempting to induce civilian
workers to flee their factories. According to some Japanese civilians
interviewed after the war, these leaflets made a profound impression,
since they suggested the Japanese military could not protect their own
cities even when given advance notice which cities were going to be
attacked. The credibility of the leaflets was greatly enhanced by the
fact that the Americans were able to make good on the threat.
In the final days of the war, leaflets with the text of the Potsdam Declaration were
dropped over Japanese cities, along with copies of the Japanese
government's reply seeking more moderate terms. This evidence that the
Japanese government was negotiating for peace was political dynamite,
and likely increased the political
pressure on the Emperor
intervene to end the war. The
chief of the Japanese Police Bureau wrote that "The leaflets grew in
influence until they were widely believed in June and July 1945 and,
coupled with the bombing, were very effective, particularly those
announcing forthcoming specific bombings" (Wolk 2010). Linebarger
(1954) considers these leaflets the single most successful propaganda
operation of the entire war. However, Craig (1967) suggests that the leaflets could have backfired, creating support for a coup d'état among hardliners in the Army.
Allied propaganda sometimes suffered from faulty translation and a lack of understanding of Japanese culture and character. American propaganda efforts suffered from gaffes such as placing chopsticks alongside plates the way Americans place their silverware: The Japanese set both chopsticks at the bottom of the plate. The language of early Allied translations was described by one Japanese scholar as resembling a dialect "as archaic as Chaucer." As Linebarger (1954) explains it:
In China, the author sat in with an expert on medieval and modern Japanese art, who was writing leaflets which were to be dropped on the Japanese garrisons of the Yangtze cities. The expert wrote pure, dignified Japanese, but the Chinese-Japanese language experts brought up the point, "Would the Japanese common soldier understand this kind of talk?" For a while, we had no plain-spoken Japanese at hand, and we had to send our Japanese leaflets form Chungking up to Yenan, where the Japanese Communists read the leaflets and wrote back long detailed criticisms.
Astonishingly, the leaflets dropped during LeMay's strategic bombing campaign were drafted by carefully selected Japanese prisoners of war who, "because of their very recent participation in the Japanese mentality, are best able to appeal to their compatriots" (Frank 1999.) U.S. Navy interrogator Lieutenant Otis Cary, who had been born on Hokkaido to missionary parents and attended Japanese schools through fourth grade, took a leading role in recruiting Japanese POWs to assist in drafting surrender leaflets. He acted out of his own sincere desire to see a new democratic Japan arise from the ashes of war, as did his charges, who told him that "We are doing this for ourselves. It's not for your side and we are not going to become your pawns. Don't misunderstand us" (quoted in Straus 2003). Cary organized a group of POWs at Iroquois Point, Oahu, who adopted a constitution stating in part (Straus 2003):
We have decided to manifest our unceasing patriotism in a small way by helping the American military campaigns and propaganda war. When the war ends and Japan resumes its path toward a bright future, we will be in our homeland, and we swear to do our utmost for its reconstruction.
The Iroquois Point group was deeply disturbed by the nuclear bombings, but were impressed that a number of American religious leaders spoke against the attacks and that their protests were reported in the press.
Hollywood. An important source of unofficial American propaganda was Hollywood,
which produced dozens of war-themed movies of various quality. The
best, such as Casablanca,
were genuinely great films where the propaganda was relatively
unobtrusive. Others, including many of the films that sought to build
sympathy for the Russians or Chinese,
were heavy handed and unconvincing. This is another illustration of
truthfulness making for more effective propaganda: Neither Russia nor
China was anything like a modern liberal democracy, so attempts to
depict them as partners in a free world were certain to be
unconvincing. France, by contrast,
had a long history of liberal democracy and was widely regarded as the
United States' oldest ally, making the depiction of Vichy North Africa
in Casablanca much more
While Hollywood combat films were often marred by inaccuracy and
cheap heroics, there were notable exceptions. Wake Island and Guadalcanal Diary made reasonable
efforts to accurately depict combat within the limitations of 1940s
Hollywood movie making. In addition, Hollywood produced a number of
some of which (such as Fighting Lady)
incorporated considerable combat footage and otherwise strove for
accuracy. The most unrealistic part of these films was probably the
lack of realistic depictions of American casualties: It was not until
that military censors began to pass photographs of dead American
soldiers, and even then these were carefully composed to avoid showing
mutilated corpses or dead men's faces.
American troops were largely uninterested in war films per se, preferring sheer escapism, preferably with abundant pretty actresses. However, one cannot leave the subject of American propaganda films without mentioning the Why We Fight series, produced by famed Hollywood director Frank Capra for the U.S. War Department. Originally produced to be shown to American soldiers deploying overseas, the films were later shown in theaters to the general public. The films were largely montages of newsreels, including a considerable amount of Axis propaganda footage turned against its original producers. The newsreel footage was interspersed with animations (produced by Walt Disney) and some reenactments, interviews, and lectures. The first three films of the seven-film series, Prelude to War, The Nazis Strike, and Divide And Conquer, are surprisingly good history and illustrate yet again that truth makes for better propaganda. The films on China and Russia were the weakest of the series, for the same reasons that most other wartime films on China and Russia were unconvincing.
China. Perhaps it should not come as a surprise that the Chinese mounted a highly sophisticated and effective propaganda effort against Japan. This was true both of the Communists and of the Kuomintang government. Chinese propaganda was highly successful at portraying the Japanese actions in Manchuria in 1931 as violations of "international public justice." As Iriye (1987) put it:
A country which, throughout most of the 1920s, had been divided, unstable, and revolutionary, challenging the existing order of international affairs, was almost overnight transforming itself into a champion of peace and order, pitting itself against another which hitherto had been solidly incorporated into the established system but which could now be accused of having defied it.
Again, much of the reason this propaganda was so successful was that there was a fair amount of truth to it.
The Kuomintang vice-minister of propaganda, Hollington K.
Tong (Dong Xianguang), had trained at the Missouri School of Journalism
and Columbia University and had worked with several major American
newspapers. He worked skillfully and effectively with foreign
journalists, whom he encouraged to report from the front line to build
sympathy for the Chinese resistance to Japan.
His efforts may have boomeranged after the Americans entered the war
and large numbers of American advisors and diplomats encountered the
grim realities of wartime China.
The Communists sometimes gave Japanese prisoners excellent food, women, and gifts, then took them to the front lines to talk other Japanese into desertion. Japanese phone lines were tapped and the Communists took the trouble to learn the names of the Japanese operators before breaking into the conversations. The Kuomintang sent a number of bombers over Nagasaki in 1937, which dropped leaflets denouncing the bombing of cities rather than dropping bombs. Chiang kept a number of Japanese on his political staff, called for the Japanese to be permitted to retain their Emperor after the war if they wished, and saw to it that regular broadcasts in Japanese were made from Chungking. How much of this was psychological warfare, and how much was simply keeping Chiang's negotiating options open, is difficult to say.
Communist propaganda was not directed only at the Japanese.
Some of the most effective Chinese Communist propaganda was directed at
the western Allies for the purpose of shifting their support from Chiang
and the Kuomintang to the Mao and the Communists.
Mao was able to manipulate naive Western journalists, such as Edgar
Snow, to portray the Communists as moderate agrarian reformers waging a
highly successful guerrilla campaign against the Japanese, and Mao
himself as "a moderating influence in the Communist movement where life
and death were concerned" (quoted by Boot 2013), none of which was
remotely true. Nevertheless, Snow's Red Star over China did nearly as much as Pearl Buck's The Good Earth to shape American views of China and, ultimately, the outcome of the Chinese Civil War.
The Japanese were contemptuous of propaganda or "thought war" as late as 1937. However, the war in China engendered an interest in propaganda among the military leadership, which began to enthusiastically duplicate the methods of the Nazi regime in Germany. When an Army general, Araki Sadao, became Minister of Education in 1935, military indoctrination of youth became widespread. Domei was established as the government press agency in 1936 and given a monopoly on foreign news. By 1939 university professors were appointed by the Ministry of Education rather than the faculty. Western ideas were condemned as "dangerous thoughts" and the Japanese were told that Hollywood gangster movies portrayed everyday life in America. The Japanese civilian propaganda effort was heavily centralized under the Joho Kyoku or Japanese Board of Information.
The Army ran its own propaganda program under the auspices of Eighth
Section, Second Bureau of the Army General Staff, which was in charge of
covert operations. The effort was directed principally by Major
Fujiwara Iwaichi, who had helped set up the collaborationist Wang
Ching-wei government and had studied the writings of pan-Asian academic
theorist Okawa Shumei. Fujjiwara traveled extensively through southeast
Asia in the spring of 1941 and was responsible for the pan-Asian theme
of much Japanese propaganda.
Japanese propaganda aimed at its own civil population had both similarities to and differences from Allied propaganda. Well before war broke out with the West, Japanese propagandists began speaking of an ABCD (American-British-Dutch-Chinese) encirclement of Japan, thus shifting popular resentment of wartime shortages from the government to a sinister foreign conspiracy. The Pacific War was depicted as a glorious struggle to liberate Asia from Western colonialism and racist themes played a part. However, much Japanese propaganda celebrated the accomplishments of Japanese fighting forces, often employing blatant falsehoods, as previously noted. The Japanese public were fed stories of aviators whose unconquerable spirits continued to fly and fight even after their bodies were dead. After Japanese fortunes turned for the worse, Japanese propaganda filmmakers began depicting soldiers fighting hopeless struggles in isolated island outposts. Such films would likely come across as antiwar to a Westerner, but to the Japanese they invoked the spirit of self-sacrifice found in such Japanese classics as The Forty-Seven Ronin. Curiously, Japanese propaganda sought to depict Japanese soldiers as civilized and merciful to Allied prisoners of war, in very sharp contrast with reality.
Japanese psychological warfare aimed at Chinese troops allegedly
included the use of Chinese-speaking Japanese in civilian dress, who
advanced ahead of Japanese forces to spread rumors of the terror of the
approaching Japanese Army and thereby sow panic among the retreating Chinese forces. Linebarger (1954) alleges that entire regiments of Chinese militia
were panicked out of existence in this manner, which is not implausible
given their poor training and morale. Propaganda efforts in China took
a new direction with the Ichi-go offensive, during
which the Japanese dropped large numbers of leaflets declaring that
their enemies were Britain and the United States, not China, and that
surrendering Chinese would be treated well. An effort was made to
impose strict discipline on the Japanese forces, who were forbidden to
engage in the looting, rape, and destruction that had marked their
campaigns earlier in China.
Japan Focus (2008-3-10). Fair use may apply.
A considerable amount of Japanese propaganda was aimed at subject peoples in the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere, itself a propaganda creation. The Japanese sought to replace the use of English in conquered territories with Japanese. In the Netherlands East Indies, they created "The Virgin's Association" in order "to rally all Indonesian girls to cooperate with the Japanese Army" (Rhodes 1976). One cannot help but wonder what form this cooperation was supposed to take.
The Japanese made extensive use of propaganda broadcasts, of which the most famous were those by "Tokyo Rose," actually several Japanese-American women, who broadcast often surprisingly shrewd guesses of Allied dispositions and intentions as a way to break the morale of Allied troops. However, these broadcasts rarely had much effect on Allied morale, particularly since "Tokyo Rose" occasionally was wildly wrong. Nor did it help that "Tokyo Rose" was widely perceived to be a traitor: Allied psychological warfare experts concluded that "It is easier to build up the image of a trustworthy enemy that it is to create trust in a traitor" (Linebarger 1954), and they preferred speakers who either spoke the enemy language flawlessly or who made no effort to conceal their foreign accent.
In 1949, Iva Toguri was convicted of one count of treason for broadcasting as Tokyo Rose. She was imprisoned for six years and fined $10,000. An American citizen who had been awarded a degree in geology by the University of California, she was visiting in Japan without a valid U.S. passport at the outbreak of war. She refused to renounce her U.S. citizenship but was subsequently pressured into making (fairly innocuous) broadcasts for the Japanese. In the 1970s, investigative journalists uncovered serious irregularities in her treason trial, and she received a presidential pardon.
The Japanese Domei news service continued broadcasting its
English-language Morse
wireless news service during the war. The stories were ready-edited for
newspapers, complete with bylines, and sometimes even with instructions
to the American press when the stories should be released. The Americans
were so hungry for information about the enemy that Linebarger (1954)
claims more Domei
stories were published in the United States during the war than had
been the case in peacetime. This is not at all implausible: There is
nothing like being at war to spur interest in an enemy country.
Like the Allies, the Japanese struggled to produce effective propaganda that would be effective against foreign targets. Early Japanese propaganda sometimes suffered from memorably clumsy phrasing, such as "The remaining British planes took to their heels." Japanese propagandists never really understood how infuriated the Americans were by the "sneak attack" on Pearl Harbor, nor could they understand how even bitter political opponents of Roosevelt could nevertheless support the national war effort.
Overall, Allied propaganda was considerably more effective than
Japanese propaganda, for the reasons given by Japanese writer Kato
Masuo (Rhodes 1976):
Japan was hopelessly beaten in psychological warfare, not because of any particular adroitness on the part of the Allies, but because the Allies based their propaganda on truth — whereas Japan was unwilling to deal in truth, almost from the outset.
Allen (1984)
Boot (2013)
Craig (1967)
Deacon (1983)
Drea (2009)
Edgerton (1997)
Fleming (2001)
Frank (1999)
Iriye (1987)
Japanese PSYOP During WWII (accessed 2008-4-12)
Lane (1951)
Linebarger (1954)
Mercado (2002)
Mitter (2013)
Propaganda leaflets of World War 2 (accessed 2008-4-12)
"Propaganda Texts" (accessed 2012-2-1)
Rhodes (1976)
Straus (2003)
Wolk (2010)
The Pacific War Online Encyclopedia © 2008-2015 by Kent G. Budge. Index
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Adventures Beyond Hong Kong: Breathtaki
ng Li River Photos
One of China's most dramatic areas of natural beauty, it's no surprise that the winding Li River attracts thousands of visitors to its tranquil shores every year. The panoramic views from the water are a photographer's dream, encompassing hills, caves and lush green fields as well as the quaint farming villages that litter the shoreline. There's no better way see the fascinating sights that run from Guilin to Yangshuo than from the water, and river cruises are a great way to discover for yourself whether what you've seen in the guidebooks is indeed true.
See our stunning Li River photos below and discover one of the most beautiful natural sights a short trip away from Hong Kong.
Located on the western bank of Li River. The shape of the hill is said to resemble a gigantic elephant drinking water from the river with its trunk, hence the name.
Watch the domesticated cormorant birds, first used over 400 years ago by local fishermen in this way because of their excellent natural fishing abilities.
View the jagged hills that jut out from the shoreline and frame the river. A spectacular and dramatic sight at sunrise or sunset.
Take a trip to Seven Stars Park, the largest comprehensive park in the region, which engulfs many of Gulin city's beautiful natural wonders, including verdant forest, deep caves and an abundance of wildlife.
Header image: Sailing on the Li River © shunjian123/iStock/Thinkstock
Virgin Atlantic operate daily, direct flights to Hong Kong from London Heathrow.
Have you visited the Li river? Share links to your breathtaking Li River Photos in the comments section below.
Written by Chantelle Symester
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About the author: ChantelleChantelle Symester
Chantelle Symester is a writer and editor based in London. When she's not chained to her laptop working she can be found hopping on a plane to far flung places across the globe. Trips so far include adventures to Mexico, South America and North Africa and she now has her heart set on discovering the East. You can find her @csymester


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