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WERT Federal Reserve
The Unique Role of the Federal Reserve Bank/NY in the Federal Reserve System: A Landmark Discussion with Its Former Presidents
Monday, September 25, 2006
Program Notes:
Annual Women's Economic Round Table of the Knight-Bagehot Fellowship Program,
Graduate School of Journalism, Columbia University
Presidents of the Federal Reserve Bank/NY, in order of their tenure:
Paul A. Volcker, 1975-1979
Anthony M. Solomon, 1980-1984 (Unable to attend)
E. Gerald Corrigan, 1985 – 1993
William J. McDonough, 1993 – 2003
Timothy Geithner, 2003 –
Read more... Bios of the presidents
Consuelo Mack, Anchor, "Consuelo Mack WealthTrack" PBS/TV
John Authers, Investment Editor, Financial Times
Chrystia Freeland, US Managing Editor, Financial Times (Unable to attend)
Heidi Miller, CEO, Treasury and Securities Services, JP Morgan Chase
Terri Thompson, Director, Knight-Bagehot Fellowship Program
Dr. Amelia Augustus, Director, Women's Economic Round Table of the Knight-Bagehot Fellowship Program, Columbia University Graduate School of Journalism
Bloomberg Headquarters in New York City
"Because of its location in the center of the nation's financial system, the Federal Reserve Bank of New York often must address and manage imminent dangers before other banks in the Federal Reserve System may even be aware of them," noted Dr. Amelia Augustus, Director of the Women's Economic Round, as she convened the evening's discussion. After remarking that the presidents of the FRB/NY have often become the guardians who protected our nation's economy from sudden and unforeseen financial threats, Dr. Augustus summarized some of the challenges that confronted recent New York Fed presidents. In order of their tenure: Paul Volcker – the Franklin Bank failure; Anthony M. Solomon – the Iranian Gold crisis; E. Gerald Corrigan – the Stock Market crash in 1987; and William J. McDonough – the Long Term Capital Markets Hedge Fund threat.
As she introduced Timothy Geithner who succeeded Mr. McDonough when he stepped down to become the first Chairman of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board, Dr. Augustus noted that, "Given the unforeseen financial threats mentioned above, I think you will agree that we wish Mr. Geithner a continued very calm and uneventful tenure at the New York Fed." The audience erupted into the laughter of nervous recognition, setting the tone for a collegial discussion of issues of vital importance to the U.S. and world economies.
Geithner's Tribute to His Predecessors
Recognizing that it was "a remarkable accomplishment to bring these men together because they rarely sit in a room on the same stage," Timothy Geithner, FRB/NY president since 2003, said that Volcker, Corrigan, and McDonough, along with Alan Greenspan, helped define the modern doctrine of central banking that has brought great benefits to the U.S. economy and is hugely influential around the world. Among the tenets of this doctrine and the elements of their tenure, Geithner pointed out that the past four FRB/NY presidents recognized that: Central Bank credibility is vital and costly to lose. It depends on the confidence that the Fed will keep inflation low and more complicated factors, including our capacity to understand the forces that are operating on our economy, and on how – not just whether – we achieve price stability.
The Fed has important responsibilities beyond monetary policy. The Fed was given - at its inception - the very important role in the financial system in defining the appropriate balance between innovation and resilience, between efficiencies and stability, and our capacity to contain systemic risk… and that this depends on how wisely we are executing our supervisory responsibilities and how robust we make the infrastructure of the financial markets, and how close we are to markets and understanding innovation at the frontier, and how willing we are to act with speed and force.
While monetary policy is critical to how well the U.S. economy performs, the overall level of economic performance – the quality of growth in the United States – depends on policies outside the province of the Federal Reserve. It depends on the environment the government creates for risk-taking and innovation, on the quality of education, on how open we are to the rest of the world, on their personal credibility, even if the governments they served did not always defer to their judgment.
US policy impacts the rest of the world and that the fortunes of the world matter more and more to the fortunes of the United States. They made huge personal investments in building a strong network of relationships with financial officials and market participants around the world. Their tenures in office were defined in important ways by what they did to help resolve financial crises outside as well as inside the United States.
Central Banks like all public institutions depend on the capacity to attract and retain talented people, and to use those talents well. The New York Fed is distinguished today by the strength of the people who work there today - by their experience, by the quality of their ideas and judgment, by the power of initiative that originates in that building at Liberty Street. That's one of the less visible but most of the legacies of these men.
Geithner added one more tribute, "Finally, although this list does not do them justice, these presidents were strong and effective not just because of the force with which they acted and their remarkable achievements in office; they were effective also because of their appreciation of uncertainty and of the limits of our knowledge. This appreciation made them more demanding in the standards they set and more able to build consensus and support for sensible policies." He concluded that "Al Greenspan commented on the eve of his departure from the Fed that confidence in central banking had risen to exceptional high levels. He asked whether this was entirely healthy. He didn't ask if it was deserved, just if it was entirely healthy. I don't know the answer to that question, but I'm sure that these men contributed in ways that few can really appreciate to the performance of the economy and the financial system. They deserve a large part of the credit for the greater confidence the central banking system has achieved over the last twenty-five years. It's a privilege to be here with them and standing in their shadows."
Welcoming the Moderator to the podium, Dr. Augustus said one of the rewards of working with the Round Table for almost three decades, was the chance to watch and encourage women's accomplishments. She first knew Consuelo Mack when she was the first woman to host a financial program on cable television – "and the men had to watch her because the program was on ESPN." Now she anchors and edits her own program – WealthTrack– on PBS that is carried by more than one hundred stations throughout the country. (See www.wealthtrack.com has local channel listings and schedules.)
Consuelo Mack opened the discussion by saying that, as a business journalist, she felt reassured by two counts: "first of all, the panelists would not be here if something were seriously amiss in the financial system at the moment. And second, if a financial crisis develops in the next hour, we will be the first to know." She thanked them for stabilizing her blood pressure for at least one hour. She introduced the discussants, Terri Thompson, Director of the Knight-Bagehot Fellowship in Economics and Business Journalism and co-host of the program with Dr. Augustus; Heidi Miller, Chief Executive Officer of JP Morgan Chase Treasury and Securities Services; and John Authers, the Investment Editor of the Financial Times. She also set the ground rules for the questioning by the discussants and then the audience: "No Fedspeak by people on either side of the podium… or a loud buzzer will go off!"
Terri Thompson (Director, Knight-Bagehot Program): "Central Bankers are often characterized as the overprotective mothers of the global economy because they worry so much. What are the two or three things that worry you most today?"
William J. McDonough (FRB/NY President, 1993-2003) was first to concern: global imbalances. Pointing out that, "the US last year imported $800 billion in other people's savings, representing 6 ½% of gross domestic product. In days of yore, rich countries exported savings to poor countries." Today, he pointed out, countries like China, Brazil; others are not investing enough in their own societies and instead are sending money to the United States. Because the US has very developed financial markets, Mr. McDonough pointed out that, "We are the importer of last resort – the place to invest of last resort. We are, however, a country with a very serious problem of an aging population." He pointed out that the Social Security system and Medicare system on an actuarial basis are both in deep bankruptcy. "Therefore, it is not appropriate for us as a society to be living higher than we should."
Mr. McDonough gave the statistics - for example, China has 400 million people below the poverty line, 800 million living in poor rural areas – and noted that, "It makes no sense that they have a trillion dollars in reserves and that we the people of the United States are living better as a result of that. We have to do a better job; they have to do a better job of managing their economies. This is a situation which left to its own devices, is one that will hit a brick wall. The only question is, when?"
Next, E. Gerald Corrigan (FRB/NY President, 1985-1993) with three concerns: 1) U.S. savings rate is zero - potentially very dangerous not just financially but also for the well-being of citizens; 2) Financial imbalance. "There's a small risk that the inflation genie will get out of the bottle. I want to emphasize that's a very small risk. But I've learned that once the genie is out, it is very, very expensive to put it back in the bottle"; and 3) Financial instability, because a lack of savings and the possibility of inflation are problems that have the potential to generate financial instability. "We can't anticipate the timing and the triggers of financial shocks." Mr. Corrigan explained why it is so important that we must get the fundamentals right."
Paul A. Volcker (FRB/NY President, 1975-1979) said, "I should resist the temptation to say what burns me most is that I'm not in Washington!" After a burst of laughter at this unexpected honesty (and supportive applause), the large audience of about two hundred seemed to become a small group of friends gathered round for an informal conversation with friends who just happened to be presidents of the New York Fed. In a more serious tone, Mr. Volcker saw more to worry about than the economy. "There are an awful lot of things going wrong that are more important than monetary policy." Then he got down to his main economic concern: "I'm more worried about inflation than Mr. Corrigan." He discussed the fact that people seem under psychological and political pressure not to do anything about inflation. "A lot of people on Wall Street and Main Street are operating on the assumption that nothing very startling will happen in terms of restraints. Once many people are convinced of this, inflation will creep up on you" and then becomes very difficult to get it under control.
Heidi Miller (CEO, Treasury Securities Services, JP Morgan Chase): "I am at the unique disadvantage in representing the only entity regulated by the Fed – so do I incur the wrath…? I've also had the unique distinction of being in each of the Fed;s offices during many of these crises in the last couple of decades as a small "bit" player. I think about Long Term Capital in terms of what happened last week. I wonder, if in retrospect Mr. Corrigan – do you think that intervening in Long Term Capital was a wise decision? And, if so, do you think it made any difference, long term, in the evolution of the hedge fund market?"
"First of all, I would take exception to the term 'intervention' being a problem," began Mr. Corrigan. More laughter from the audience and a supportive "Bravo!" from Mr. McDonough, Mr. Corrigan continued. "If, every time we held a meeting with financial institutions, it was called 'intervention,' I would have made Attila the Hun look like a pest." He explained that what the Fed essentially did was to provide a setting, bringing together "a cross-section of leaders from the private sector to sit down together – no white smoke or black smoke going up the chimney – and sort out what they collectively thought was in their best interest and for the public interest. And to stabilize what potentially could have been a very, very, very nasty situation." He went on to discuss moral hazard of doing nothing and the risks involved. As a result of asking financial institutions to figure out how to deal with the hedge fund crisis, the private sector pledged $3 ½ billion to deal with the problem. "That's a powerful anecdote to a moral hazard." By bringing institutions together to come up with their own solutions, the Fed did right for the well-being of the system."
Asking if he could add a footnote, Mr. McDonough said: "I'm a public servant. The psychic income of serving the nation as a patriot is mine." Addressing Ms. Miller directly, he added, "You all are responsible for deciding if what may be in the public interest is also in the interest of your shareholders. Whatever you do has to be for that reason. The Federal Reserve owes you nothing. The government owes you nothing. And I owe you nothing. There's nothing but a private sector solution for a private sector problem." He said he stated that view point every time he had meetings like the ones Mr. Corrigan mentioned. Private sector people are paid by shareholders to represent their shareholders. They're not paid to be patriots. It's nice if they're patriots. But what they should be doing in making the kind of decision to recapitalize Long Term Capital Management was because they thought their shareholders would be better off to recapitalize rather than to let it fail and have a real question about what damage that failure would do to them."
The collegiality of the evening was strong enough to handle disagreements. "I disagree," said Mr. Corrigan, explaining that,"The leaders of the financial system are not just responsible to shareholders. They are concerned about what's good for the public, too."
Mr. Volcker commented that he had reservations about that particular operation at the time and still holds steadfast to his reservations today. He discussed what is or is not part of the Fed's legal supervision and oversight responsibility as an institution. The Fed cannot provide money, but can provide a meeting room and use moral persuasion. The question is, whether this particular institution at that particular time was justified? Mr. Volcker did not consider the representation at that meeting broad enough because many were large investment banks, although McDonough pointed out that 17 were commercial banks. Mr. Volcker was also concerned that if institutions think that any performance is possible and an institution that gets into trouble will be rescued, many will just go out and do it again. "And some did."
John Authers (Investment Editor, Financial Times), after saying that he was standing in for Chrystia Freeland who could not attend, explained that the Credit Derivatives market has expanded dramatically in the last five years. The total outstanding debt now is a $12 trillion market. Today, the New York Fed invited forty leading credit dealers in the last year and told them to clean up your act or we will do it for you. He said he would be interested at what point is it appropriate for the Fed to step in and do it for them. He was also interested in how comfortable the presidents are with the progress made by the financial industry on its own, specifically "What do you think are the acceptable borders of intervention, moral suasion, or with the trading of credit derivatives and the re-trading/re-packaging of credit risk?"
Mr. Corrigan discussed the importance of taking into consideration the context, and discussed the integrity of the infrastructure, supporting operation of the over-the-counter market in credit derivatives. When he was involved in putting together an industry report in May '05, he was taken aback – shocked - to discover the severity of the problems because, if there had been a major financial disturbance for other reasons, the condition of the infrastructure supporting the derivatives market would have made for an extremely difficult situation. In the report, "We made a series of recommendations – what I would call, 'housekeeping recommendations' with a capital H. After the report was published, there was immediate consensus that involved not just the Federal Reserve Bank of New York but every major regulatory body in every industrialized country. This was a broad consensus among industrialized countries and in the US, the SEC, FSA, DIS, Treasury, Interest Stability Forum -. that getting this cleaned up was a very, very high priority."
Mr. Corrigan explained that the Fed provided another forum and basically said to the industry, come up with comprehensive plans, operational targets to get this under control. The SEC and the FSA insisted there be a plan, but industry came up with the specifics of the plan. Their plan was an extremely ambitious agenda with hard targets that were to be accomplished within 6-12 months. They immediately ended the practice of assigning trades to others without telling the first party. That was fixed by October 2005. I thought this was the high water mark of constructive public/private sector cooperation to deal with a very pressing public problem. "I should add, we're not exactly finished dealing with it."
Mr. Volcker pointed out that, "I thought I had a deal with Amy that was we would talk about long term institutional factors, not this up-to-date stuff." After the laughter subsided, he discussed the de facto responsibility of the New York Fed to maintain close contact with the market and its institutions. Only the Fed in New York can do this. Washington is more or less distant and focused on other issues. There is no other Federal Reserve Bank that has the tradition, manpower and ability to monitor the markets and institutions in the same way that the Federal Reserve Bank of New York. Therefore, it is very important for the New York Fed to take on this primary, de facto responsibility and to intervene, if necessary. He added that he realizes "things look different from inside when deciding whether or not to intervene than they do from the outside. But it's a basic function of the institution."
Mr. McDonough had no comment.
Mr. Geithner said he can't improve on what Mr. Corrigan and Mr. Volcker said, but pointed out that, "This has worked reasonably well. This market has grown by 50% in the last twelve months and the number of the unnamed trades has been reduced by three-fourths." He then discussed some other, similar problems in other parts of the OTC derivatives market. In two days, he said the group would meet at the New York Fed to outline how they plan to tackle those problems. It's an encouraging model. We left it to the market to define the solution." He said the Fed set up a fairly, clear, transparent approach and had remarkable cooperation and communications where the Fed served as a catalytic force for collective action. Not every issue can be resolved so collaboratively.
Mr. Authers: Just "hypothetically" - when would you clean up?
Mr. Geithner: "We never said it was a choice between you solving it or we'd solve it for you, because this was all only going to be solved by the participants in the market - by making substantial investments in people and systems to clean this up. They had a compelling interest in solving this. And they had a compelling interest in proving to us that they could solve it quickly without waiting for us to come in and tell them how to do it."
Ms. Thompson introduced the second round of the discussants' questions by saying that Walter Bagehot, for whom the Knight-Bagehot Fellowship Program was named, was a real proponent of clear, precise, concise writing for journalists. That's what we're teaching our journalist students at Columbia. She was interested in how important are clear communications to the Fed and how have communications and their requirements changed over the years. Particularly, Ms. Thompson asked, "Do you believe the markets and the media misread comments by the Fed's chair – and if so, why?" (The question was greeted by laughter by the panel as well as throughout the room.)
Mr. McDonough began his comment with, "It is important that the Fed speak very clearly on matters on which clarity is possible." The audience greeted this with another burse of laughter. Mr. McDonough explained that a statement like "Monetary policy will depend on incoming data" is clear. The market can decide how to interpret the data. That is a function of being able to read the market future, which is always difficult, particularly at a turning point, which is where I think we are. How deep the softening will be, you never know. For the Fed to say "We think the economy will do exactly this" would be silly and a great disservice to society. He pointed to the clarity of comments just made about the role and responsibility of the Fed in problems like the ones faced by the credit derivatives market as an example of issues that the Fed can discuss clearly. He summarized by saying, "When you can be clear, be as clear as you can be. But do not pretend you have knowledge of the future when in fact, the Federal Reserve does not have such knowledge."
Mr. Corrigan added one more concern about the belief "that the central bank can and should telegraph in advance any change in the funds rate or other policy target seems to be very short-sighted." At the extreme, if the Fed does that, he said one could make the case that the Fed is basically turning responsibility for monetary policy over to the financial markets.
Mr. Volcker added a personal example of communications. The day after he spoke to a House Committee, the Wall Street Journal reported he said "tightens" and the New York Times reported he said "easing." (Another burst of laughter from the audience.) "All I was trying to do was explain the complexities of the real world." Mr. Volcker went on to say that "actions speak louder than words. Words shouldn't confuse," adding more examples and ending by wondering whether "the market should be spoon fed or make up its own mind? But maybe I'm old school."
Mr. Geithner added that "I'm willing to be associated with the old school on this issue as on many issues."
Ms. Miller mentioned some of the preceding discussion of the Fed as guardian of economic policy with a responsibility to monitor the markets and their institutions. She then asked, In a world where non-bank financial institutions are becoming increasingly involved in creating derivative instruments and trading those instruments where capital moves, what has changed – or needs to change – in the Fed's roles and responsibilities?
Mr. Geithner responded by saying the NY Fed has ample authority to supervise and regulate but added that there has been enough change in the financial system over the last few decades that it may in the future be useful to reassess the balance between supervision and regulation, and between efficiencies and stability to make sure the balances work. "I don't think you can look at balance today and say it's clearly wrong, clearly inadequate. But we may come to a point in the future that we reassess the basic design."
Mr. Volcker called the changes in the market a "big, big issue." He said he had defended the Federal Reserve's leadership in the regulation of banks and of being the lender of last resort. He pointed out that it was enough to control banking when 60 -70% of the financial systems were commercial banks. That was enough. But today we're a long way from that. The so-called big commercial banks aren't commercial banks any more. They are more often subsidiaries of larger financial institutions or want to become investment banks, insurance companies. He discussed the possibility that a case may need to be made for changing the distribution of supervision authority and the role of the Fed in regulation to reflect the changes in the industry. He cited, but did not recommend, the example of Great Britain, where the central bank does not have any regulation authority.
Mr. McDonough discussed the likelihood that in the fairly distant future, the Congress of the United States and the president of the day will decide to look at the present system where the Federal Reserve supervises directly only banks, the securities firms are sort of regulated by the SEC, and the hedge funds not regulated by anybody. They may decide that is a situation that can't work. But it invariably demands now that the Federal Reserve interest itself in institutions other than the banks more than it had to in the past. He explained "that's why Paul Volcker and I have a little difference of opinion." He discussed the lead-up to 12-31-99 and concern about whether the computers would work. It didn't matter whether it was a bank's computer or an investment bank's computer that didn't work. It still would have been a problem and the Fed would have had to be in the middle of it, if only supplying liquidity through the banking system to the market in general. He said it's a system that works almost despite the design which is very much inherited from the past. "One would hope that we won't wait until a crisis that is truly a mess for the Congress and the president to look at the structural issue and decide to put in place a supervisory system that is more appropriate." He added that he would be loathe to have a system like the one in England where the Bank of England is not involved, noting that he could not imagine a regulatory system in the U.S. in which it would not be better for the Federal Reserve to had a very powerful and important position.
Mr. Volcker noted that Congress will be involved, for better or worse.
Mr. Corrigan expanded the discussion to include the jurisdictional question with global markets. In addition to considering responsibilities for monitoring the various types of financial institutions within the United States, he commented that coordination and cooperation across borders is of equal importance. Saying he had been away fourteen years. How is it working now?
Mr. McDonough said it is working very well – "informal, but it works."
Ms. Miller added that the coordination of regulatory agencies within the U.S. is "creaky." The level of disclosure between the agencies is not seamless and recommendations of the various bodies that are helping to regulate us are practically contradictory. She said it is worse when you go overseas. Some years the FSA in England has had good coordination with the U.S. or at least has a healthy level of respect. That totally disintegrates when you go to some other countries where, if the U.S. Fed says one thing, they go entirely in the opposite direction.
Mr. Geithner acknowledged the realities, saying that we live in a world of sovereign states and will for a long time. Sovereign states want some capacity to set conditions of how they operate in the markets. The reality is we operate with a multiplicity of different regulators with somewhat different objectives, preferences and regulatory standards. He acknowledges it is quite a challenge for financial institutions as well as for the Fed. The foreseeable solution to the problem will not be one single neat solution for global regulation.
Mr. Auther: asked about monetary policy. In addition to inflation, how important are assets and asset prices for monetary policy? For example, the investment markets, the housing markets?
Mr. Volcker, in discussing the Importance of assets and what the Fed can do, gave an example – he called it a "parable" – of the analysis of what went wrong in Japan. The common lore was that the interest fell by half a percent. But in the same period, there was a 75% drop in both the real estate market and the stock market. He pointed out that the Japanese financial system is dependent on real estate and Japanese banks are depended on stock. A drop in both those assets created a big drag on the economy. Because of the focus on banking, the tools of monetary policy were used too late and exacerbated the crisis. Mr. Volcker discussed the difficult judgment of when to intervene, particularly when the risk of global reaction is great – at some point between the two extremes of waiting too long to intervene or intervening with every blip.
Mr. Corrigan answered the question with two questions. Should central banks target asset price bubbles in housing and stocks? The answer is no. But are there circumstances in which emerging condition in the form of asset price developments might warrant a "tilt" in monetary policy; for example, a little more firm or easy? The answer is yes, in some circumstances. "There's no cookbook or rulebook."
Ms. Miller asked, "Current circumstances?"
Mr. McDonough: Policy instruments available to the Fed do not lend themselves to aiming right at a financial bubble. He discussed the period of about three years between irrational exuberance and a market correction. During that time, stock prices look rather heady. But to attack the asset prices, would also be to attack the real economy. He commented that, "You can have monetary policy be a little firmer than it might otherwise be or a little more accommodative. I don't think there's any way in the world in which it would be justified for the Central Bank to say the equity price is higher than we'd like it to be or housing prices are too high, so let's put in a very firm monetary policy and slow down the economy and create unemployment. That simply is not what the laws of the United States say we should be doing." He said that leaning against it, as Mr. Corrigan suggested, is very appropriate. "But a direct attack on asset prices – I just don't think we have the tools. And the use of those tools would be very detrimental to the well being of our people."
Ms. Mack asked Mr. Geithner – if he wanted to add anything but he said it sounded pretty good.
Several of the questions from the audience included:
Negative savings rate cause for concern… How can we get consumers in the black?
Mr. McDonough considered the question of what to do about household savings, now negative, one of the toughest questions facing us. Many consumers increased expenditures by taking equity value from their homes. This will be difficult if they have a break-even cash flow. When the interest rate is reset, mortgage companies will have to decide whether to dispossess or work with borrowers. He hopes they will work with borrowers. Consumer confidence surveys show that people realize that their spending was greater than it should have been. He feels the economic adjustment will be gradual and not have a lot of people suffering and on the streets. It could get worse. It's very much a question of mass psychology. Are the American people going to be very traditional, happy and think that tomorrow will always be a better day? The answer to that will impact consumer spending.
What can the Fed do about the impact on the future of the American economy of rising U.S. government deficits?(The questioner: John Brademas former president of New York)
Mr. McDonough: Comptroller General of the US, David Walker's report on the total fiscal picture of the US included not just the budget, but also Medicare/Medicaid, Social Security. Assume that Medicare/Medicaid and Social Security are the same and then make some assumptions about the budget – does it grow with GDP? Or a lower rate due to inflation? Do tax cuts remain or end? Assume the budget will grow with GDP and the tax cuts will be continued, then in the year 2040, according to David Walker, the total income stream to the federal government will be 18-20% of GDP and the total expenditures of the federal government will be 45% of GDP. The math doesn't work. John McCain was very forceful in speaking to The Economic Club on this topic. Whether or not he is the Republican candidate in 2008, he is powerful enough that since he is serious about it, all candidates must take it seriously. And they'll claim to be the guy who can handle it. They'll create a commission to figure out what we do. But the mathematics makes it undeniable that the American people must adjust to a stern reality. The longer we wait to adjust; the rule of compound interest says the price will be greater than nasty."
Mr. Corrigan added that this is not a Federal Reserve problem to solve, but it is important for the Fed to keep a steady hand on the helm, not let monetary policy capitulate. He asked a larger question: "When will we see the beginning of a bipartisan spirit in the Executive and Congress to solve this problem? I don't see a wave of bipartisanship around the corner." He discussed the fact that no one in our democracy is worried about the future, saying, "The waves lapping up on shores of NY in global warming. It's is too far off to motivate anyone to stop the process."
Mr. McDonough said that's why it is so important politically that McCain is taking a position on savings.
Keeping her promise to participants, Dr. Augustus ended the discussion on time, reinforcing her view of the New York Fed presidents as the guardians of our economy. She thanked them for giving us a very rare opportunity and thanked the discussants and the audience for joining in the evening. Comments could be heard throughout the fully booked auditorium from people wishing they could listened for hours more as lines began forming to speak individually with the presidents and discussants at the podium.
(in order of tenure)
Mr. Volcker became president of the Federal Reserve Bank/NY on August 1, 1975, at the age of 47. As president, he also served as vice chairman of the FOMC. Previously he served in a variety of positions with the Treasury, Chase Manhattan Bank, and the New York Fed.
Mr. Volcker earned a BA, summa cum laude, from Princeton and a MA degree in political economy and government from Harvard University Graduate School of Public Administration. From 1951 to 1952, he was Rotary Foundation Fellow at the London School of Economics.
Mr. Volcker's experience with the New York Fed began when he worked as a research assistant in the research department during the summers of 1949 and 1950. He returned to the New York Fed as an economist in the research department in 1952, and became a special assistant in the securities department in 1955. Two years later, he resigned to become a financial economist at Chase Manhattan Bank.
In 1962, he joined the Treasury as Director of the Office of Financial Analysis, and in 1963 he was appointed Deputy Undersecretary for Monetary Affairs. In 1965, he rejoined Chase Manhattan as vice president and director
From 1969 to 1974, he was Undersecretary of the Treasury for Monetary Affairs. His five-and-a-half-year tenure covered a period of rapid change in international and domestic financial affairs.
After leaving the Treasury, Mr. Volcker became senior fellow at the Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs at Princeton for the 1974-75 academic year.
He was named chairman of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System by President Carter, and was sworn in on August 6, 1979. He served until August 11, 1987.
Mr. Solomon became president of the New York Fed and vice chairman of the FOMC on April 1, 1980, at the age of 60, capping long service in the federal government.
Mr. Solomon graduated from the University of Chicago in 1941, with a bachelor's degree in economics and soon afterwards joined the American financial mission to Iran.
He entered Harvard University in 1946, and he received a MA degree in economics and public administration in 1948 and a doctorate in 1950.
Mr. Solomon spent the next ten years in Mexico, as a publisher, and then as president of a Mexican food company. In 1961, he joined the faculty of Harvard University.
He returned to government service two years later as chairman of various missions, and was later appointed Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for Latin America.
From 1965 to 1969, Mr. Solomon was the Assistant Secretary of State for Economic Affairs, and a member of President Johnson's five-man task force on the reform of the international monetary system.
In 1969, he established the International Investment Corp. for Yugoslavia at the request of Robert McNamara, president of the World Bank. He left in 1972 to become an adviser to the chairman of the U.S. House of Representatives Ways and Means Committee, and assisted in the development of trade legislation.
Mr. Solomon served as Undersecretary of the Treasury for Monetary Affairs from March 1977 to March 1980.
He stepped down as president of the New York Fed in 1984.
Mr. Corrigan became chief executive officer of the New York Fed and vice chairman of the FOMC on January 1, 1985.
Prior to his appointment, Mr. Corrigan was president of the Minneapolis Federal Reserve Bank for four and a half years.
Mr. Corrigan earned a bachelor of social sciences degree in economics from Fairfield University, Fairfield, Connecticut in 1963. He received a MA degree in 1965 and a doctor of philosophy degree in 1971, both in economics, from Fordham University.
His career at the New York Fed began in 1968 when he joined the domestic research division as an economist, after teaching at Fordham University in 1967-68. From 1968 to 1979 he served in a variety of staff and official positions including vice president for planning and domestic open market operations.
In August 1979, he went on leave from the Bank to become special assistant to Federal Reserve Board Chairman Paul Volcker in Washington, DC. While there, he was named chairman of the Basle Committee on Banking Supervision by the governors of the central banks of the Group of Ten countries.
Mr. Corrigan was instrumental in establishing, and also served as co-chairman of, the Russian-American Banking Forum. It was set up in June 1992 to assist Russia develop its banking and financial system infrastructure.
After nearly 25 years of service in the Federal Reserve System, Mr. Corrigan stepped down as president of the New York Fed on July 19, 1993. In July 1993, President Clinton appointed him to head the newly established Russian-American Enterprise Fund
Mr. McDonough served as the eighth president and chief executive officer of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York for ten years--from July 19, 1993 to June 10, 2003. On June 11, 2003, he became the Chairman of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB) at the Securities and Exchange Commission. The PCAOB is a not-for-profit organization created by the Sarbanes-Oxley Act to protect investors in U.S. securities by ensuring that public company financial statements are audited according to the highest standards.
As president of the New York Fed, McDonough served as the vice chairman and a permanent member of the Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC), the group responsible for formulating the nation's monetary policy. Mr. McDonough also served as a member of the Board of Directors of the Bank for International Settlements and chairman of the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision.
Mr. McDonough began his career at the New York Fed in January 1992 as executive vice president, head of the bank's markets group, and the manager of open market operations for the FOMC.
Mr. McDonough retired from First Chicago Corp. and its bank, First National Bank of Chicago, in 1989 after a 22-year career there. He was vice chairman of the board and a director of the bank holding company from 1986 until his retirement. Before joining the New York Fed., Mr. McDonough served as an advisor to a variety of domestic and international organizations.
Prior to his career with First Chicago, Mr. McDonough was with the U.S. State Department from 1961 to 1967 and the U.S. Navy from 1956 to 1961.
Mr. McDonough earned a MA degree in economics from Georgetown University in 1962, and a BA degree, also in economics, from Holy Cross College in Worcester, Mass, in 1956.
At present he is Vice Chairman and Special Advisor to the Chairman of Citigroup.
Timothy F. Geithner became the ninth president and chief executive officer of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York on November 17, 2003. In that capacity, he serves as the vice chairman and a permanent member of the Federal Open Market Committee, the group responsible for formulating the nation's monetary policy.
Mr. Geithner joined the Department of Treasury in 1988 and worked in three administrations for five Secretaries of the Treasury in a variety of positions. He served as Under Secretary of the Treasury for International Affairs from 1999 to 2001 under Secretaries Robert Rubin and Lawrence Summers.
He was director of the Policy Development and Review Department at the International Monetary Fund from 2001 until 2003. Before joining the Treasury, Mr. Geithner worked for Kissinger Associates, Inc.
Mr. Geithner graduated from Dartmouth College with a bachelor's degree in government and Asian studies in 1983 and from the Johns Hopkins School for Advanced International Studies with a master's in International Economics and East Asian Studies in 1985. He has studied Japanese and Chinese and has lived in East Africa, India, Thailand, China and Japan.
Mr. Geithner serves as chairman of the G-10's Committee on Payment and Settlement Systems of the Bank for International Settlements. He is a member of the Council on Foreign Relations and the Group of Thirty, a member of the board of directors of the Center for Global Development in Washington, D.C., a member of the board of trustees of the RAND Corporation and a trustee of the Economic Club of New York.


text:
Below are poems written by poet
Ginger Amee Terdue. Click the Next or Previous links below the poem to navigate between poems. Remember, Poetrysoup is an environment of encouragement and growth. Thank you.
List of ALL
Ginger Amee
Terdue poems
Ginger Amee Terdue
The sweet sweat chorus of forgotten voices
Bared and marred by torrents of ugly vices
The agonies of today seemed to know an alien song
Memories of yesterday was singing but out of beat
Soon the pains of tomorrow will certainly dance
To the agonizing rhythms composed in an orthodox club
'cos our battered mnemonic ear of age long pauperism
Has being spent listening to that tuneless song
Sung as a song to the scribe of our soulless soul
Hopes capsized again in the waters of the once true church
The canopy gatherings of the great bi-colored religion
Where we know we would find our salvation
In the musty bibles where there were ghosts
On every page and death on both cold covers
This black Jesuit, our bullying gold rimed priest
Whose communion we daily upon starving feast
In a healing ceremony whose cure could be death
And our efforts useless as a spare prick at a wedding
But this golden chorus of forgotten voices unforgotten
We will sing even if the lyrics were written in purgatory
And composed inside the furnace of the nine hells
This will not quite have Angels for stanzas
To celebrate your lose lips that sink our ships
With Aryan salutes to secrets once moaned
Copyright © Ginger Amee Terdue | Year Posted 2014

subset: commoncrawl


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|Why Are African Long Distance Runners The Best posted Tue Jan 18 2005 18:56:42 by HAWK21M
|Any Runners On A.Net? posted Fri Sep 17 2004 01:06:58 by 747srule
|Democrat Front-runners: Your Thoughts? posted Thu Jan 15 2004 21:15:46 by Aloha717200


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Harper youth livestock show Dec. 14
The annual Harper Livestock Show is scheduled for Saturday, Dec. 14, at the show barn on the Harper Independent School District campus, beginning at 9 a.m.
Check-in and weigh-in time for all entries will be from 4-7 p.m. on Friday, Dec. 13, for all participating 4-H and FFA members.
A total of 143 animals have been entered in this year's show, which is about 27 entries fewer than last year's endeavor. The listing of animals for this year's judging is as follows: 47 swine, 16 angoras, 1 heifer, 20 lambs, 47 goats, 11 steers and 1 breeding sheep.
Eligible exhibitors will include members of Harper FFA, Harper 4-H and Doss 4-H or students enrolled in Harper ISD from first through 12th grades and who are a member of a 4-H club.
The event is sponsored by the Harper Stock Show Committee, the Harper High School Agriculture Department and the Gillespie County AgriLife Extension agents.
There is no admission charge and the public is invited to come out and watch these youths get a jump on the 2014 showing season.
A concession stand will be on site selling breakfast tacos, pork barbecue sandwiches and other foods.


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« Lamar Odom Makes Poor Debut In Spain – Too Much Partying To Blame? | Home | The Amazing Race All-Stars: An Old Alliance Breaks Down »
Tamra Barney Slams Facebook Critic
March 03, 2014 10:04 AM by Stephanie Gustafson
Tamra Barney is accustomed to negative feedback — it goes with the territory when you're a cast member on The Real Housewives of Orange County. While the celeb is usually able to remain reasonably polite in the face of harsh criticism, she sometimes gives in to temptation and lashes back. She did just that the other day, shocking followers with a decidedly nasty post.
Reality stars have a love-hate relationship with social media. Yes, they enjoy connecting with fans and, of course, receiving plenty of Twitter validation whenever they post their perfect selfie pouts. Unfortunately, social media also provides plenty of opportunities for the haters to dig in with nasty insults.
Although her Facebook page is constantly under attack from critics, Tamra Barney typically manages to keep her online interactions civil. But the reality star couldn't resist temptation the other day, when a follower said that she looked "gross" in her latest bikini selfie. Tamra responded, "This beautiful person wrote me a message under my bikini picture saying….'you look gross.' I thought about deleting her until I looked at her face and I felt sorry for her. Give her some love!"
Although veiled in faux concern, this message is clearly an attack on a mean-spirited follower. While it's obviously in bad taste to tell someone (reality star or otherwise) that she looks gross, Tamra's response is just as bad. Of course, accused of sinking to the low, low level of her haters, Tamra claimed that her comment was justified, explaining, "now she won't do it to anyone, ever."
Did Tamra Barney go too far? Or did her Facebook critic deserve the harsh feedback? Feel free to share your opinion in the comments section below!
Meet The Newest Cast Members Of The Real Housewives Of Orange County
The Real Housewives Of Orange County Spotted Filming Overseas
Is Heather McDonald The Newest Member Of The Real Housewives Of Orange County?
Photo Courtesy: Tamra Barney Facebook
Topics: Bravo Reality TV Shows, The Real Housewives Of Orange County |
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2 Responses to "Tamra Barney Slams Facebook Critic"
Lou Says:
March 3rd, 2014 at 3:32 pm
I don't think she went too far. It is HER facebook. I think all of us that have received harsh statements or feedback have at least thought of the idea she was just lucky to see the ugly woman's face. LMFAO!!!
Julia jones Says:
March 11th, 2014 at 6:11 pm
Well done to you why should you have to put up with negative comments I love your show and from a little place called wales in the uk You look amazing and font let anyone tell you any different


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Punjab SSSB Recruitment 2013 Subordinate Service Selection Board, Punjab
Subordinate Service Selection Board, Punjab invites application from capable Candidates for filling up 1100 vacancies of Clerk posts.
Selection – Short listed Candidates will select on the basis of Interview which will be conducted by the organization.
Age – Candidate's age must not exceed 45 years as on 01st January 2013.
Relaxation in age will be applied according to the gov rules.
Qualification - Candidates who want to apply for SSSB clerk recruitment 2013 they must have degree in any discipline from reputed University/Institution or 120 hours computers course. More information about qualification is mentioned in given below advertisement.
Pay -- Candidates will be appointed at Rs. 10300-34800/- per month.
Application Fee: Gen/OBC Candidates will have to pay Rs. 600/-
SC/ST Candidates will have to pay Rs. 150/- as application fee.
Form should be paid in the form of Bank draft in favour of Secretary, Subordinate Services Selection Board, Punjab Pay At State Bank of India (Or) State Bank of Patiala Chandigarh.
How to apply - Candidates will have to fill the SSSB application form from www.punjabsssb.gov.in.
Last Date for submission of application- 01st July 2013


text:
View Faculty Video
Jody Agius VallejoAssociate Professor of Sociology
Contact Information
E-mail: email@example.com
Phone: (213) 740-5047
Office: KAP 364C
Curriculum Vitae
|Ph.D. Sociology, University of California, Irvine, 2008
|M.A. Sociology, University of California, Irvine, 2006
|M.A. Demographic and Social Analysis, University of California, Irvine, 2003
Postdoctoral Training
|Visiting Research Fellow, Joint with The Center for Comparative Immigration Studies and U.S.-Mexican Studies, University of California, San Diego, 2008-2009
Description of Research
Summary Statement of Research Interests
|Jody Agius Vallejo specializes in immigrant integration, race/ethnicity, and social stratification. Her book, "Barrios to Burbs: The Making of the Mexican-American Middle Class," (Stanford University Press 2012) examines patterns of mobility and socioeconomic incorporation among the Mexican-origin middle class in Southern California. "Barrios to Burbs" addresses the following questions: How are upwardly mobile and middle-class Mexican Americans integrating into America's core social structures? Are they incorporating into the white middle-class, as traditional assimilation theory predicts or are they forging a new route where they follow a minority pathway into the middle class? Second, what are the mechanisms that promote upward mobility and integration into the middle class? And finally, what is it like to be Mexican American and middle class in a society that holds a narrow view of the class structure of the population? Vallejo systematically address these issues with a mixed methodological approach, which combines the qualitative strengths of traditional sociological inquiry (in-depth interviews, participant observation, ethnography) with demographic analysis of representative statistics from the U.S. Census. Her newest project, The Latino Elite: Entrepreneurship, Community, and Mobility, is a study of middle-class and professional Latino entrepreneurs in Los Angeles. Building on theories of ethnic entrepreneurship, assimilation, racial/ethnic identification, and civic engagement, this research uses in-depth interviews, ethnography, and statistics to investigate the rise of Latino business owners in the formal economy, the institutions that support them, their patterns of ethnic philanthropy, the factors that shape their racial/ethnic identification, and the challenges and successes they experience as formal-sector entrepreneurs. Vallejo's third project, in which she is a Co-Pi with Lisa Keister (Duke), examines heterogeneous assimilation outcomes of today's new immigrants via the lens of wealth accumulation and business ownership, with a focus on Chinese Americans. This NSF funded study relies on mixed methods including extensive quantitative analysis of large data sets and an ethnographic study of Chinese American business owners in Southern California. Other projects include analyses of middle-class Mexican Americans' experiences of subtle discrimination and microagressions in the white collar workplace and the mechanisms, such as early familial obligations, that lead to differential patterns of educational attainment between Mexican Americans and Chinese and Vietnamese Americans.
Research Keywords
|immigrant integration, race/ethnicity, Mexican-origin middle class, middle-class minorities, Latino entrepreneurs, Wealth accumulation
Research Specialties
|Immigrant Incorporation, Race/Ethnicity, Mexican-Origin Middle Class, Middle-Class Minorities, Latino Entrepreneurs
Funded Research
Contracts and Grants Awarded
|Ethnic Philanthropy as a Non-Traditional Safety Net Mechanism (UC Davis Center for Poverty Research), Jody Agius Vallejo, $25,000, 2015-2016
|Collaborative Research: Heterogeneity and Adaptation in American Wealth (National Science Foundation), Jody Agius Vallejo, Lisa Keister, $315,000, 2013-2014
|How do Latino-Owned Banks and Elite Latino Entrepreneurs Facilitate Economic Development in Los Ange (Lust Center for Real Estate), Jody Agius Vallejo, $25,000, 2013-2014
|Class and Assimilation Among Latino Entrepreneurs in the Formal Economy (ASA/NSF: Fund for Advancement of the Discipline), Jody Agius Vallejo, $6,900, 07/01/2011-07/01/2013
|Brown Picket Fences (American Fellow Association of University Women), Jody Agius Vallejo, $6,000, 2011-2012
|Immigration and Trajectories to the Middle Class (National Science Foundation Dissertation Grant), Jody Agius Vallejo, $7,004, 2006-2007
USC Funding
|Advancing Scholarship in the Humanities and Social Sciences Initiative. Entrepreneurship and Wealth Creation Among Los Angeles' Latino Middle Class: 1, $25,000, 2010-2011
Affiliations with Research Centers, Labs, and Other Institutions
|American Studies and Ethnicity
|Center for the Study of Immigrant Integration
|Chicano and Latino Studies
Conferences and Other Presentations
Conference Presentations
|""Immigration, Social Mobility, and The New Demographics." ", Young Leaders Conferences, The Council for the United States and Italy, Trieste, Italy, Keynote Lecture, Trieste, Italy, Invited, Fall 2012
|"Leveling the Playing Field: Patterns of Ethnic Philanthropy Among Middle-and-Upper-Class Latino Entrepreneurs", Immigration and Entrepreneurship Conference , Talk/Oral Presentation, Paper, University of Maryland, Center for the History of a New America, Invited, Fall 2012
|"Panelist: Where Do I Go From Here? Using Your MA and PhD in Sociology", Annual Meeting of the Pacific Sociological Association, Roundtable/Panel, Oakland, California, Invited, Spring 2010
|"Panelist: Navigating the Academic Job Market", American Sociological Association International Migration Section, Immigration Mini-Conference, Roundtable/Panel, University of California, Berkeley, Invited, 08/2009
|"The Salience of Race and Gender for Middle-Class Latinas. ", Annual Meeting of the American Sociological Association, Talk/Oral Presentation, Paper, Boston, Massachusetts, 08/2008
|"Latina Spaces: Middle-Class Ethnic Capital and Professional Associations in the Latino Community", The Nagoya American Studies Summer Seminar, Nagoya, Japan, Talk/Oral Presentation, Paper, Nanzan University, Nagoya, Japan, Invited, 07/2008
|"Middle-Class Latinas in Southern California: Trends, Stereotypes and Reality", California Hispanic Chamber of Commerce 28th Annual Convention, Latina Power Luncheon , Talk/Oral Presentation, Invited, 08/2007
Other Presentations
|"The Great Recession and Wealth Accumulation Among Middle Class Mexican Americans ", Immigration in the Wake of the Great Recession, The Tomas Rivera Policy Institute, USC, Spring 2012
|Agius Vallejo, J. (2015). Immigration and Work: Research in the Sociology of Work. (Vol. 26, (Jody Agius Vallejo, Ed.). Emerald Group Publishing.
|Agius Vallejo, J. (2012). Barrios to Burbs: The Making of the Mexican-American Middle Class http://www.sup.org/book.cgi?id=21566. Stanford University Press.
Encyclopedia Article
|Agius Vallejo, J. (2011). "Migration and Intolerance" in The Encyclopedia of Global Migration. Wiley Blackwell.
Journal Article
|Agius Vallejo, J., Canizales, S. (2015). "Ethnic Capitalists: How Race, Class, and Gender Shape Entrepreneurial Incorporation among Professional Latino/as.". Ethnic and Racial Studies.
|Agius Vallejo, J. (2015). How Class Background Affects Mexican Americans' Experiences of Subtle Racism in the White Collar Workplace. Latino Studies.
|Keister, L., Vallejo, J., Borelli, P. (2015). Mexican American Mobility: An Exploration of Wealth Accumulation Trajectories. Social Forces.
|Agius Vallejo, J. (2013). Leveling the Playing Field: Patterns of Ethnic Philanthropy Among Los Angeles' Middle and Upper-Class Latino Entrepreneurs. Ethnic and Racial Studies. Vol. Forthcoming
|Agius Vallejo, J. (2012). Socially Mobile Mexican Americans and the Minority Culture of Mobility. American Behavioral Scientist. Vol. 56, pp. 666-681.
|Emeka, A., Agius Vallejo, J. (2011). Non-Latino Identification among Latino Descendents: Assimilation or Racialization. Social Science Research.
|Agius Vallejo, J. (2009). Latina Spaces: Middle-Class Ethnic Capital and Professional Associations in the Latino Community. City & Community. Vol. 8 (2), pp. 129-154.
|Agius Vallejo, J., Lee, J. (2009). Brown Picket Fences: The Immigrant Narrative and Patterns of Giving Back among the Mexican Origin Middle-Class in Los Angeles. Ethnicities. Vol. 9 (1), pp. 5-23.
|Zhou, M., Lee, J., Agius Vallejo, J., Tafoya-Estrada, R., Xion, Y. (2008). Success Attained, Deterred, and Denied: Divergent Pathways to Social Mobility in Los Angeles' New Second Generation. The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science. Vol. 620 (1), pp. 37-61.
|Agius, J., Lee, J. (2006). Raising the Status of the Cashier: Latina-White Relations in an Ethnic Market. Sociological Forum. Vol. 21 (2), pp. 197-218.
Research Report
|Agius Vallejo, J. (2009). The Mexican Origin Middle Class in Los Angeles. Center for the Study of Immigrant Integration, USC. Link to The Mexican Origin Middle Class in Southern California
Multimedia Scholarship and Creative Works
|The Latino Middle Class - Curated for the Tomas Rivera Policy Institute http://trpi.uscmediacurator.com/, 2013-2014
|Latino Identities and America's Future." Commentary for the Pew Hispanic Research Center. June 8. http://www.pewhispanic.org/2012/06/08/jody-agius-vallejo-latino-ethnicity-and-americas-future/, Spring 2012
|Op-Ed-Magazine, Citizenship Stripping Will Hurt the Nation's Economic Future. Profiles in Diversity Journal. February/March Issue , Spring 2011
|ASA Section Newsletter, The Promise of Immigration Reform, World on the Move, International Migration Section of the American Sociological Association, Spring 2010
|USC Politics and Society: Web, Obama and Immigrants." Politics and Society, USC, http://politicsandsociety.usc.edu/2010/02/obama-immigration.html, Spring 2010
|Op-ed - Print, Citizenship Path Key to U.S. Economy. Politico, Vol. 4 NO 75., 05/28/2010-05/2010
Honors and Awards
|USC Raubenheimer Outstanding Junior Faculty Award, 2012-2013
|USC Mellon Mentoring Award, 2011-2012
|American Fellowship, American Association of University Women, 7/1/2011-6/1/2012
|Named one of OC Metro Magazine's 20 Women to Watch in 2012, Spring 2012
|USC Parents Association Outstanding Teaching and Mentoring Award, Honorable Mention, 2009-2010
|Distinguished Student Scholarship Award, International Migration Section of the American Sociological Association, 2008-2009
|Haynes Foundation Fellowship, 2008-2009
Service to the University
Media, Alumni, and Community Relations
|"A Latino Identity Crises," Esther Cepeda's Nationally Syndicated Column, January 18, 2012, Spring 2012
|"For Many Latinos, Racial Identity is More Culture Than Color," The New York Times: January 13, 2012, http://tinyurl.com/74uzdtf, Spring 2012
|Featured on the cover of OC Metro Magazine's issue of the '20 Women to Watch.' , Spring 2012
|"How Immigrant Families Become Middle Class and What Gets in the Way. August, KPCC's MultiAmerican , Fall 2011
|"Why Children of Immigrants Pitch in Even if it Hurts Their Wallets."August 8, KPCC's MultiAmerican , Fall 2011
|"El 37.6% de la población de California es latino." Vivelo Hoy, March 11, Spring 2011
|Quoted for "Dora the Explorer: A Real Superstar,' August, LA Times, Fall 2010
|Interview, "Hispanics in the U.S.: A New Generation." June, 8, BBC World News, Spring 2010
|"L.A. Needs a Healthy Latino Middle Class," by Hector Tobar. The Los Angeles Times, January 4, 2010. , Spring 2010
|Cover Story: Invest Globally, Advise Locally, Investment Advisor Magazine, February 2010, Spring 2010
|Interview, "Cuando Crezca la Nuevo Generatión." June, 8, BBC Mundo, Spring 2010
|"Middle-Class Latinas and the Gabachos Who Won't Believe in Them," by Gustavo Arellano, OC Weekly, Wednesday, October 7, 2009, Fall 2009
|OC Metro Magazine, Feature Article. "The Culture Ceiling" , Fall 2007
|Orange County Register, "Programming the Latina Network.", Fall 2005
Service to the Profession
Conferences Organized
|Organizing Committee, Immigration Mini-Conference, International Migration Section of the American Sociological Association, Univeristy of California, Berkeley, 08/2009-08/2010
Media, Alumni, and Community Relations
|The Brand and Martinez Show, 89.3 KPCC (NPR Affiliate), September 10, 2012 http://tinyurl.com/dxgmoyd, Fall 2012
|Faculty may update their profile by visiting https://mydornsife.usc.edu.


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- 1 year ago by Kristyn Phillip
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Crying on the phone to your mom is totally passé. More
Crying on the phone to your mom is totally passé. More
She gets even more exposure, and I get to make fun of her. That's kind of beautiful, when you think about it. More
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Thanks to NYC Crying Guide, you can basically Yelp a good location to hideously sob outside. More
It's like if Gretchen Wieners grew up, and her hair was now full of memories instead of secrets! Seriously though, Lady With Long Hair by Barbara Bakos may require you to grab a tissue because it's pretty beautiful.
Watch the animated short now, as well as more daily video picks from The Gloss! More
GO AHEAD. CRY. More
Yesterday was a terrible, horrible, no good, very bad day, but that doesn't mean it's a good idea to get all sorts of upset in public. There is a time and a place to cry, after all, but when you're not in it, perhaps some of these things can assist you in stopping. More
I know you are all very upset right now over Kristen Stewart's relationship jeopardizing decision to get it on with someone other than Robert Pattison. Take heart in the fact that you are not nearly as upset as this woman. More
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There's nothing more amusing than trying to predict when a doomed relationship will end, am I right, ladies? More
Celeb/art/fashion photographer Tyler Shields takes some beautiful photographs. He also undermines his own work with douchey statements like "Something so honest about a woman crying." Yesterday, he posted a photo shoot of 20-year-old actress Emma Roberts and her pal Juno Temple crying unicorn and vampire tears, respectively. (I think it looks more like a unicorn money shot, but whatever you say, guy.) Are these photos the stuff of high art, or do they belong with all the other "True Blood" homages on Myspace, or wherever kids post embarrassing pictures of themselves nowadays? You be the judge. More


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Steven Beard
Chief Executive Officer
Steven is the Group Chief Executive who joined the Agilisys Board initially as Chief Financial Officer taking charge of the group's finance, procurement and India operations. Steven has extensive experience with high growth entrepreneurial organisations, especially within the business services sector.
He joined Agilisys from Xchanging plc, the global business process and technology company; over his 10 years there he held a number of senior positions at both the company's UK and US operations, serving on the plc Management board. Prior to Xchanging, Steven was CFO of Redwave plc, the U.K.–based venture capital business. He is also a Fellow of the Association of Chartered Certified Accountants.
Kay Andrews
Executive Director – Client Development
Kay is the Executive Director of Agilisys, and has more than two decades of global IT and Business Services experience. Kay was the former CEO of Agilisys and now holds the role on the Agilisys Board focused on expanding key client relationships and setting the direction for expansion and growth of the company. Her track record of achievement demonstrates her ability to combine sustainable business growth with effective customer management and service delivery.
Prior to working at Agilisys, Kay spent 13 years at Perot Systems and 3 years as Executive Director for Local Government at Liberata. Kay holds a first class degree in Mathematics and an MBA.
Iveta Cabajova
Group Finance Director
Iveta joined Agilisys in February 2010 as Group Financial Controller and in June 2013 assumed the role of Group Finance Director. Iveta is responsible for Finance, India operations, and Estate & Facilities Management. Iveta is tasked with supporting the business in delivering financial objectives and ensures that financial governance is followed. Iveta holds a Master Degree in Corporate Real Estate Finance from CASS Business School and is a Fellow Chartered Certified Accountant.
Nicky Cox
Managing Partner – Transformation
As Managing Partner Nicky is responsible for Transformation engagements and projects delivery across all of our customers. He also leads the highly successful Graduate Internship Programme at Agilisys.
Nicky previously led the London Borough of Barnet strategic partnership and has led many public sector and private consulting engagements for Agilisys. Prior to that Nicky held consulting roles at PA Consulting Group and the Forum Concept working for private sector clients including First Group, Esselte and BP.
Louise Ah-Wong
Senior Partner - Transformation
Louise is a Senior Partner in the Transformation Division within Agilisys, she is responsible for developing new business, managing external Partners, overseeing work and developing Transformation "wrappers" and Programmes for clients.
Mark Gordon
Commercial Director
As the Commercial Director for Agilisys, Mark is responsible for client satisfaction and commercial growth. Mark has previously worked for Agilisys in the AGMA region. Mark brings a wealth of external experience to the Commercial Director role from a variety of positions in the consulting, contracting and outsourcing industries. His background encompasses global, PLC and private equity businesses.
Sean Grimes
Operations Director
Sean is responsible for our business-wide core capabilities, including IT and cloud, Customer Services, and Business Process Services, ensuring these offerings continue to develop to meet customer needs. Sean is also responsible for strategic development of our Healthcare business.
Sean joined Agilisys from Cambridge Management Consultants, where he spent six years managing several strategic engagements throughout Europe. Sean holds a 1st class degree in Business Studies and Quantitative Business Analysis.
Richard Hanrahan
Director of Customer Service
Richard is responsible for the operational delivery, strategic direction and growth of our customer services division. He joined Agilisys as Customer Service, Business Development Director in 2011 before assuming overall responsibility for the division in 2012. Since then he has overseen the successful expansion of the division which now sees service delivered from 10 digitally enabled contact centre and face to face locations across the UK.
Before joining Agilisys Richard was involved in the design and delivery of transformational outsourcing projects for organisations including The Listening Company, beCogent and Dataforce.
Sue Lees
CEO, Elevate East London
Sue is the Chief Executive of Elevate East London where she oversees the joint venture's continued growth, profitability and business development. As Elevate CEO, she is a member of the Elevate LLP board, working directly with the Agilisys and Barking and Dagenham Council management.
Sue joined Elevate from Barking and Dagenham Council, where she held the role of Divisional Director of Assets and Commercial Services. Her experience within the public sector spans more than 10 years in senior roles, including CEO at Barking and Havering LIFT Co, a key supplier of health centres to the NHS. Sue is also a Chartered Accountant.
Andrew Mindenhall
Business Development and Client Director
Andrew is the Business Development Director and one of the founding members of Agilisys, responsible for winning new business and building strategic relationships with clients. Andrew started at Agilisys over 13 years ago as the Director for Human Resources before going on to lead a number of our strategic partnerships.
Prior to joining Agilisys, Andrew had a number of senior operational roles with Waddingtons plc, Marshalls plc, and Bettys and Taylors Group.
Simon Mounsey
HR Director
Simon is responsible for HR and Resourcing across our company, including our partnerships. Since joining Agilisys in 2003 from major recruitment provider, Manpower, Simon has been responsible for implementing Agilisys' Performance Management Framework and for the HR transition delivery of each of our Strategic Partnerships.
Nigel Muirhead
Products Director
Nigel is responsible for client satisfaction, and business growth for our products division. Prior to this Nigel led several strategic partnerships including those with Rochdale, St.Helens and Sandwell Councils.
Nigel previously worked for M&S and Fujitsu Services in a variety of roles including HR, Logistics, Services and Account Management.


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Saturday, July 6, 2013
Mavericks may be interested in Andrew Bynum
One player they are looking at is former Los Angeles Lakers and Philadelphia 76ers (I guess) center Andrew Bynum.
After being traded from the Lakers last season, Bynum collected a large paycheck for providing zero services in Philadelphia.
The Mavericks are reported to be doing a thorough investigation into the health of Bynum's knee which limited him to wearing street clothes last season.
If Bynum is healthy and ready to go he could be the steal of free agency. If he signs with the Mavericks and he's damaged goods, Mark Cuban won't be hesitant to cut his losses.
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Real Estate Law
Have Real Estate Law Questions? Ask a Real Estate Lawyer.
What would happen if i don't pay
So if they foreclose does this create a credit rating issue for me
Do you have any suggestions on how to out of the contract
ok thanks - dumbest move on my part was to buy and not research first!
I'll try talking with HGV
Good day
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The Gustavus women's basketball team improved to 8-1 overall and 5-1 in the MIAC with a 74-43 victory over St. Mary's University in Winona, Minn. on Saturday afternoon. Jess Vadnais led the Gusties in scoring with 21 points.
Gustavus used a 14-4 run to extend its lead to 15 points at 31-16 with 5:36 left in the first half. The Gusties continued to pull away from the Cardinals and took a 22-point lead (43-21) into the locker room at halftime.
In the second half, St. Mary's would get no closer than 24 points and Gustavus would hold its biggest lead of the game at 33 points (73-40) with 1:40 left in the game.
Gustavus placed three scorers in double figures including Vadnais with 21, Bri Monahan with 13, and Julia Schultz with 10. The Gusties shot 38.1 percent from the field (24-63) and 87.5 percent from the free throw line (21-24).
Gustavus will head to Moorhead, Minn. on Monday night to face Concordia.


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One last real wedding feature for 2012, full of rustic fall details…
Save-the-dates were laser cut wood pieces in the shape of the state of Alabama. (Photo on the right by the bride. All other photos by W&E Photographie.)
Several barn cats made appearances throughout the ceremony and reception.
The buffet-style dinner was served up in cast iron skillets. What a perfect way to play up the rustic vibe of the wedding.
What a clever "guest book"! Says Ivy, "Our guest book was a photo puzzle that came together throughout the night. We took a photo from our engagement shoot and enlarged it and then had it cut down into 3″x3″ squares. Each square was signed by the guests and then hung on the board. The squares had a number on them that had a corresponding number on the board, so it was easy to do. It is now a piece of art hanging in our home and we have fun looking at the backs of each square to see what guests signed."
Why did you choose this location for your wedding? We both have a love for the outdoors and Joe kayaked all over the U.S. and Canada for several years. We really wanted to find a spot by a river for the ceremony. This venue has been a well-kept secret and is truly a special place. My father is friends with the owner, and I had been out there a few years ago to visit. When we got engaged, I knew it was the place.
What inspired you when you were planning your wedding? Well, for starters I have been a long time reader of Snippet & Ink. Blogs and magazines were a great start and the venue was a great inspiration in itself. I knew I wanted something that was personal to us. Joe's nickname when he kayaked was "Alabama Joe." This helped me get started by wanting to incorporate Alabama somehow in our wedding, so we included some Alabama references in our paper suite, koozies and napkins, and the food was Southern supper with lots of local food incorporated.
What was your favorite moment or part of the day? I have two favorite memories. Walking down the aisle and seeing Joe waiting for me was a moment I will never forget. It was like time froze and he and I were the only ones there. The other was being able to snap off the bottom part of my dress when it rained at the reception. I had this alteration made so I could wear the dress for an anniversary later on, but didn't intend on wearing the short dress at the wedding. When it rained and the dance floor got muddy, it saved my dress from being ruined and also was a fun reveal when I got back on the dance floor and could enjoy myself without worrying about the dress.
Did you include any traditions in your wedding? Our ceremony was traditional. Joe built the arbor and we hung a flower cross from it to give our outdoor venue a religious feel. I had a cameo necklace wrapped around my bouquet that has been worn for years by brides in Joe's family. We also drank from my family's Parker Goblets that have been in our family for a long time and were loaned to us by my grandmother.
What was the best advice you received as a bride? To take a moment at the reception and take it all in. I made my self stop several times and look around to appreciate all the people that had come together to celebrate our marriage.
What advice do you have for other brides? The week of our wedding, one of the bridesmaids still didn't have her dress because it got lost in the mail and one of the groomsmen's vests was the wrong style the day of the wedding. I was so upset about the dress and didn't even know about the vest until after. In the end everything worked out though and it makes a fun story now. On your wedding day, not everything will go perfectly, but it's not even worth worrying about. In the end you will be married and that's all that matters.
See lots more pics from Ivy and Joe's rustic fall wedding in the gallery.
Kathleen /
What a beautiful wedding! One of my favorites! I love the color palette, paper, and casual-comfy feel!
Kate /
Beautiful! I love the venue and color palette!
Valerie (Pieceful Wedding) /
Gorgeous wedding! I absolutely love the flowers…they're so beautiful!
Ashley /
love, love, love this wedding! Congrats <3
lydia {ever ours} /
love love her headpiece!
NYC Wedding Photographer /
Love everything about this wedding! The guest book is genius. The other details were awesome too.
Courtney @ Sweetchic /
Lovin' that guest book! One you will actually use and look back on :)
Leslie /
Hi, constantly i used to check web site posts here in the early hours in the
dawn, as i enjoy to find out more and more.
Leave a Comment


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Iain Glen cold on the idea of being the next Bond - `the bandwagon might roll off the hill`?
Actor News - 13-09-03Iain Glen, the 42-year-old Scottish actor who is often linked to being the next Bond after Brosnan retires from the series, sopke about the possibility and media rumours after a stint at the Edinburgh Festival.
"I really do find all this speculation very, very boring," Glen said. "I would be deeply flattered to be asked; who wouldn`t?"
"If I have to be honest I don�t want to take on the mantle of Bond when the bandwagon might roll off the hill. Bond does have a distinct history of reinventing itself so maybe they`ll let me play him as the villain at some point."
"I fear that there are a great many other very capable actors ahead of me in that particular line."
Discuss this news here...


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Big bucks from gas drilling go to CEO, not landowners
Who is making all the money on natural gas drilling?
I recently heard from a friend from Little Rock, Arkansas who had just received her annual royalty check from Chesapeake Operating, Inc.
She did not lease her land, but under forced pooling, her 3.45 acres were subject to fracking.
There is a well within one mile of her land.
The air is polluted, trucks are running 24/7 and her whole life is changed.
Before I go any further let me tell you how much the annual royalty check Cindy received on July 27, 2011 was for.
Are you ready?
Brace yourself for the big bucks.
It was for $17.70.
She received two checks in 2010.
One for $23.12 and one for $3.05. In July of 2009 she received an annual royalty check from Chesapeake for $26.26.
I guess what I have read about the first year of a well as being the most productive is true. Her royalty check went from $26.26 to $17.70 in just three short years.
On the flip side, I found that the CEO of Chesapeake, Aubrey McClendon's total yearly compensation (that is salary and bonuses) for 2010 was $114.29 million, that being down from $116.89 million in 2008.
However according to Forbes Magazine he was still the third highest paid CEO in the U.S.
According to Wikipedia, 52-year-old Aubrey McClendon's 2011 net worth is $1.2 billion.
I ask you, who do you think has the better deal? My friend Cindy in Arkansas whose royalty check was for $17.70 in 2011 and has her life ruined by the gas drillers or Aubrey McClendon whose net worth for 2011 is $1.2 billion?
Let this be a warning to those people out there who think they are going to be millionaires when they lease their acres to the gas company.
Cindy didn't have a choice, because of forced pooling, but in Pennsylvania there is no forced pooling - yet.
Lessors beware.
Michele Thomas
Hunlock Creek
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Congratulations to Denny's "Grad"daughter
Denny's Granddaughter Graduated! She's the one that famously said:
"Listen to my Grandpa, Denny Callahan, on KLEM...He's Awesome!"
Pictured above (from left to right): Denny Callahan, Karissa (granddaughter), Traci (daughter), Jerri Callahan
Picture taken: High School Graduation, Harrisburg, S.D. May 10th, 2014
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We Wish You A Merry Christmas PAL WII-ZER0
English | Platform: Wii | Release: November 5, 2011 | Publisher: Destineer | Developed: Panic Button | 4.34 GB
Genre: Party
We Wish You a Merry Christmas includes 13 holiday-themed activities, including games like Candy Cane Lanes, Present Catch, Elf Hunt and more. Unlock new activities and count down the days to Christmas in the included Advent Calendar, write letters to Santa and lead your family in beloved Christmas carols. All of the games and activities support up to four players.
Christmas, activities, Merry, games, httpwwwfilesoniccomfile3170412894We_Wish_You_A_Merry_Christmas_PAL_WIIZER0part07rar, httpwwwfilesoniccomfile3170412884We_Wish_You_A_Merry_Christmas_PAL_WIIZER0part06rar, httpwwwfilesoniccomfile3170407674We_Wish_You_A_M


text:
Jodi Head 2" Roller Buckle Leather Lined Guitar Strap
(Red Dragon, Brocade)
Sku #H88708000005000
Jodi Head
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Dominating the flat countryside, 'the ship of the Fens' is a splendid, and strikingly different, English cathedral. Similar to Romsey Abbey, Ely Cathedral began life as a Saxon monastery for nuns and monks until the Danish invasion in AD869 left it completely destroyed. Some 100 years later, the site was reconsecrated as a Benedictine monastery, but it wasn't until late in the 11th century that building work began on the present church, and in 1109 Ely was given cathedral status. This great feat of Norman architecture is epitomised in the 248ft (85m) long nave of the church, which has remained largely unaltered over the centuries. During Sir George Gilbert Scott's restoration programme, the floor was replaced with a Victorian pavement, and the ceilings were boarded and painted in magnificent detail.
However, the most distinguishing feature of Ely Cathedral is the octagon, a uniquely spectacular tower visually as well as a masterpiece of medieval engineering. With the collapse of the original Norman tower in 1322, a leading monk called Alan de Walsingham decided to rebuild something more creative. Six years later the tower was completed, but it took a further 14 years to construct the lantern tower on top, which provided the octagon with its crowning glory.
Ely Cathedral also boasts the largest Lady Chapel in England - another project planned by Alan de Walsingham - and, during medieval times, it would have been spectacularly colourful and richly decorated. Sadly, following the Dissolution, the majority of exquisite statues were destroyed or defaced but there are still a few glimpses of the original splendour. Another great surviving feature is the Prior's Door which, at one time, led into the cloisters. With its mass of fabulous carving around the archway, and the famous Norman carvings on the tympanum, it presents a truly sumptuous sight.
With so much of historical, architectural and ecclesiastical interest, it is difficult to provide such a brief account of this particular cathedral. In this instance, it really is a case of discovering the sheer majesty and beauty of a great building for yourselves. You will not be disappointed. Apart from the cathedral, several monastic outbuildings have survived and many are still in use today. A plan of where and what these are can be obtained from the staff at Ely Cathedral.


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the rear end in my Avalanche has a whirring sound notice it gets quite taking curves when the pressure is on the rear driver side, the noise is louder as you take a curve to the left with pressure on the passenger wheel. I've had the inner axle bearings replced, and heard GM had a problen with the interim shaft....any sugesstions?
by mkdanks in Saint Petersburg, FL on December 27, 2010


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Uphill Writing: Quips and Quotes
"Keep away from people who try to belittle your ambitions. Small people always do that, but the really great make you feel that you, too, can become great."
–Mark Twain
cGxhbmV0d29uZGVyLm9yZw==cGxhbmV0d29uZGVyLm9yZw==cGxhbmV0d29uZGVyLm9yZw==cGxhbmV0d29uZGVyLm9yZw==cGxhbmV0d29uZGVyLm9yZw==cGxhbmV0d29uZGVyLm9yZw== cGxhbmV0d29uZGVyLm9yZw==cGxhbmV0d29uZGVyLm9yZw==cGxhbmV0d29uZGVyLm9yZw==cGxhbmV0d29uZGVyLm9yZw==cGxhbmV0d29uZGVyLm9yZw==
Well, the 'ambitions' can be very small indeed, like even getting a small story across in conversation. This morning people were talking about incidents with their 'animals', and I wanted to volunteer my story of the cat (you know the horrors of this) but I am in the process of putting it into Chapter 7, and so it was on my mind as an example of 'reason and violence'. But an 'acquaintance' said 'ssshhhh, not so quietly, and said I was disturbing the other patrons of the cafe. The woman who received my remark however, ended up in laughter at the sheer 'horror' of it all, and retorted in telling about a cat caught under a car hood. Yes, watch your cats, because they can/do get into serious difficulties, like people. So, it's not usual for me, but I ended up saying that what she was doing was interfering with my own personal freedom. etc. etc. There was silence for about four minutes, when she said: "Don't tell me you're still thinking of that." (Oh, yes people do like to control a situation). I had the Buddhist come back, and said that I had stopped thinking about it four minutes ago, – and asked her why she was raising the question. Then, when I left I said I was going home to brood about the rudeness in the world. (Following her dictate, with irony?) And that if people respected others more, they might have more respect for themselves. End of story. Wish I could put in the book!


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Nov 01
SecurAlarm Systems Is Awarded The 2010 ABC Construction Award
Posted by: James Edel
Tagged in: van andel institute , vai , Security , securalarm , Industry news , award , abc construction , 2010 abc construction award
SecurAlarm Systems, the premier security integrator in the West Michigan market, has been awarded the 2010 Construction Award from the Associated Builders and Contractors West Michigan Chapter. The 'Low Voltage Systems' Award of Excellence recognizes and promotes the quality workmanship performed by SecurAlarm for their security integration at the Van Andel Institute of Grand Rapids.
Supervised by Patrick Van Haren, Gloria Lubben, and Al Wohlfert, the Van Andel Institute installation included IP-based access control panels, IP-based surveillance cameras, visitor and vendor management, security and fire alarm system monitoring, and full integration with the Intelligent Building System to support VAI's LEED and green initiatives.
The Van Andel Institute conducts biomedical research, with a focus on cancer and Parkinson disease and with an emphasis on translating scientific research results into clinical applications.
Associated Builders and Contractors (ABC) is a national association with 77 chapters representing 25,000 merit shop construction and construction-related firms with two million employees. ABC's membership represents all specialties within the U.S. construction industry and is comprised primarily of firms that perform work in the industrial and commercial sectors of the industry.
Since 1993, SecurAlarm Systems, Inc. has been a leading provider of "best-in-class" commercial and residential integrated security systems in the West Michigan area and beyond.
Serving both the Commercial and Residential markets, SecurAlarm Systems, Inc. provides Integrated Access Control, Digital Video Surveillance, Intrusion Alarms, Fire Alarms, Photo / ID Badging, Covert Video Surveillance, Asset Tracking, Emergency Communications, Visitor Management, Elevator Monitoring, Fire Alarm Testing and Tracking, Cellular and Radio and Internet Communication methods, 24 Hour Service and Technical Support, Remote Diagnostics, Remote Programming, Annual System Testing, Report Analysis, and Customized Training.


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Hello, does anyone know how to determine what a particular page's name is and where to find it in the files.
We need to customize the compose mail page and can't seam to determine the file name for that page and where it is located.
Hello, does anyone know how to determine what a particular page's name is and where to find it in the files.
We need to customize the compose mail page and can't seam to determine the file name for that page and where it is located.
If you mean the AJAX client, there is no such "page". The entire AJAX app is one huge amalgamation of JavaScript code. It's written to the MVC paradigm, which means that there are .js files corresponding to the model, view and controller for compose: ZmComposeController.js, ZmComposeView.js, and ZmMailMsg.js. These .js files aren't standalone, but they're probably the best place to start looking as long as you have a very good grasp of JavaScript.
If you mean the HTML "lite" client, just use the path in the URL ("h/compose") to find the relevant JSP page that generates it. In the source tree, it's ZimbraWebClient/WebRoot/h/compose. Note again that this is a JSP page and not a straight HTML file, so you're going to need to understand JSP and the Zimbra taglib before trying to modify it.
Thanks, so what we want to do is adjust the html of the compose email page. We are using the Network Edition. Not sure what the "lite" is.
Last edited by arww; 02-19-2007 at 06:51 PM.
The AJAX version is at http://server.example.com/zimbra/mail. The HTML version is at http://server.example.com/zimbra/h/. Check your URL and you should be able to tell which one you're using.
And note that neither has HTML you can edit as a simple .html file. As I said, the AJAX compose is a set of JavaScript files, which the HTML-only compose is a JSP file.
Last edited by dkarp; 02-19-2007 at 10:03 PM. Reason: wrong URL
Not saying that you're going to violate them
We are using the Network Edition, not the community edition.
Thanks again, really appreciate it.
As a matter of fact, I don't know the name of the single container for the entire AJAX app. Sorry about that!
But yet again I need to let you know that there is no content in that file (whatever it may be). I believe that it's completely blank other than loading the <SCRIPT>s.
The main user app gets loaded from launchZimbraMail.jsp
Looking for new beta users -> Co-Founder of Acompli. Previously worked at Zimbra (and Yahoo! & VMware) since 2005.