text: [Author Prev][Author Next][Thread Prev][Thread Next][Author Index][Thread Index] Re: "Value-added" testing schemes Subject: Re: "Value-added" testing schemes From: Sherman Dorn <email@example.com> Date: Tue, 23 Feb 1999 15:02:17 -0500 Organization: University of South Florida Reply-to: Assessment Reform Network Mailing List <email@example.com> Sender: Assessment Reform Network Mailing List <email@example.com> Monty Neill wrote February 9, 1999: > Please post references to this list -- I have not seen detailed critiques of > the specific Tenn. plan. "Generic" critiques apply -- testing all kids, that > the test is all multiple-choice and is norm-referenced (TN uses a CTB test, I > think a version of CTBS but maybe the CAT) and all the consequences that flow > from these points. But it would be good to have a detailed critique, if any > have been done. Monty And, two weeks later, I finally get around to responding. To remind those who may have forgotten the lapsed conversation, William Sanders is a statistician at the University of Tennessee-Knoxville, and for the past seven years he has had a contract with the state of Tennessee toconduct what he calls value-added analysis of annual state test results (the scale scores from the norm-referenced part of the state assessments). He uses what he describes as a mixed system of modeling different "effects" of teacher, school, and system using longitudinal test scores of students. I'll talk about the statistics a bit later, but for now I'll note that he asserts that, by including only prior scores, one can effectively dismiss concerns anybody might have that test score gains are associated with poverty, ethnicity, sex, etc. -- all one needs to know is the "teacher effect" or "school effect" and compare it with national norms. His evidence, as far as I can gather, is ecological (e.g., he looks at school effects -- really, school residuals -- and graphs it against proportion white), and while the relationship is much more muted than with raw scores, at least with the few graphs I've seen there still is an association. (As far as I can gather, Sanders has not published results in a peer-review journal -- he apparently has a chapter in a new Jason Millman-edited volume on high-stakes testing, which I haven't yet read.) As Harvey Goldstein, who has done considerable work on value-added statistics in Britain, would say, this is no holy grail of accountability. For many years, people have criticized the use of scale-score test results for evaluating schools, and the argument that we should look at gains is conceptually appealing -- so much so that when Anthony Bryk was discussing his own version of value-added analysis at last year's meeting of the American Educational Research Association, three prominent policy folks -- Jennifer O'Day, Priscilla Wohlstetter, and Susan Fuhrman -- all talked in glowing terms about the possibilities of using his "productivity" analysis. Then Bryk returned to the podium and explained how the data analysis seemed to "crumble" at every turn and how tentative it was. (Afterwards, I spoke with one of the statisticians on Bryk's staff, and he explained that they had thrown out outliers and some other scores that were problematic for the statistics. You can do that with research but not with official data.) My main concern with value-added testing is not the concept of looking at student growth -- that makes considerable sense in general. Rather, I worry that, as in Tennessee, legislators will see it as a technocratic miracle for accountability. In Tennessee, in particular, the details of the statistics are obscured in the black box of "let us explain how to interpret the results." And, having some statistical training (though sociological and demographic, not psychometric) and a good foundation in math, I know how much devil is in the detail. One could point out much that's problematic with Tennessee's specific system, and even a relatively uncritical review by R. Darrell Bock and Richard Wolfe (A Review and Analysis of the Tennessee Value-Added Assessment System, Nashville, Tennessee Comptroller of the Treasury, 1996) found several. Primary among them is that the confidence intervals around estimates of school effects are too large to rank schools with any precision. This is similar to the conclusion reached by Harvey Goldstein, et al., in "A Multilevel Analysis of School Examination Results," Oxford Review of Education 19 (1993), 425-433, and is consistent with graphs I've found in a 1997 "Graphical Summary" produced by the Tennessee value-added contract office (available on the web at http://www.shearonforschools.com/summary/GRAPH-SUM.HTML) that show that, with confidence intervals, one can only statistically distinguish the very highest from the lowest ranking teachers. The point bears repeating for anyone who wishes to rank schools based on value-added analysis: you can't do sports-league type rankings that have any statistical meaning. A second problem with Sanders' activities is his devil-may-care approach to the actual content of the test and whether a test measures anything. He has created a private organization, Educational Value-Added Assessment Services, which now offers his value-added assessment to private schools (though Independent School Counsel in Atlanta). The website I found (http://www.isc-erh.com/vaas.html) says that at the heart of the data needed for value-added assessment is "At least three years of annual Standardized Testing Report Data (Test version indicated)," with the following footnote: "Any nationally normed achievement test will suffice. Examples include California, Iowa, Metropolitan, Stanford, and ERB." The relationship between the test and the curriculum offered by the school is apparently irrelevant; all you need for meaningful conclusions is a database of norm-referenced test scores. Some of the criticisms Bock and Wolfe directed at the Tennessee system revolved around the carelessness with which Sanders had treated the different forms of the assessment. (I do not know if NCME ethics guidelines on tests includes guidelines on the statistical analysis of those tests.) Then there are the "general" criticisms which Monty Neill mentions above: any value-added analysis that seeks to track individual children in each year using annual testing requires a substantial investment of time (and money) in the actual testing and the use either of scaled scores or norm-referenced test results. (Measurement folks here can say whether one can construct a scale from criterion-reference test items.) There is little research in general on the performance of children with disabilities on these tests and nothing I am aware of on whether value-added analysis of test results on children with disabilities have any meaning. The most that Harvey Goldstein can say about the accountability use of value-added assessment (which is called "school effectiveness research" in England) is that it can point to some schools or teachers to investigate further. As research, the statistics are fascinating. As high-stakes testing, value-added analysis threatens to put the statistics into a black box that no one can peer into. Additional references: Harvey Goldstein, "Methods in School Effectiveness Research," School Effectiveness and School Improvement 8 (19970: 369-95. Harvey Goldstein's web page at http://www.ioe.ac.uk/hgoldstn/ which includes explanations of multi-level modeling and papers for downloading -- Yours, Sherman Dorn University of South Florida http://www.coedu.usf.edu/~dorn -------------------------------------------------------------------------- To unsubscribe from the ARN-L list, send command SIGNOFF ARN-L to email@example.com. Prev by Author: Re: SAT and Me Next by Author: Re: Understanding and transforming the secrets Previous by thread: Re: "Value-added" testing schemes Next by thread: Re: The hype about Texas (and NY) Index(es): Author Thread


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how can get to the mail that's being delivered to local mailboxes in /var/mail; not registered as zimbra's users???
how can get to the mail that's being delivered to local mailboxes in /var/mail; not registered as zimbra's users???
How is mail getting there? If you have things setup right all mail should go directly to zimbra.
Looking for new beta users -> Co-Founder of Acompli. Previously worked at Zimbra (and Yahoo! & VMware) since 2005.
Current working setup:No real domain, all mail goes relayed to mymailprovider.realdomain.com, I fetch incoming mail there with fetchmail, being delivered locally with lmtp. My machine name is nostromo.mydomain but i've setted up zimbra domain (for shortcut) as "come.com"; the mail from daemons and other utilities of the SO that's being sent to firstname.lastname@example.com or email@example.com gets to /var/mail. My solution til now is have installed and aditional pop server and using outlook to get that "Systems Messages" mail.
Can I make postfix send via lmtp mail for firstname.lastname@example.com to firstname.lastname@example.com, that's telling postfix that treat those users as local users, so the mail doesn't do the trip my_server--(SMTP)--> my_smart_host--(POP3,LMTP)-->my_server
Current working setup:No real domain (come.co), all mail goes relayed to mymailprovider.realdomain.com, i have configured address rewrite with smtp_generic_maps, so that firstname.lastname@example.com becomes firstname.lastname@example.com when mail is going outside SMTP, the problem is that when I send mail from firstname.lastname@example.com to email@example.com; it is translating those users as email@example.com and email@example.com and sending that to my mail provider, when it should be delivering local.
How Can I make zimbra treat those users as locals or not using smtp_generic_maps when the deliver should by local, is an amavis issue????
Or better is there a howto for a setup where the server got no valid Internet domain name, and using a relayhost for sending and fetching from other real mail host???
Welcome to the forums, and we're glad your here.
Please do not post duplicates as seperate threads. Resources are kinda thin, and there are lots of posts that are available for search. We try to keep things nice and clean without confusion.
I've merged your other post with this thread to avoid confusion.
Last edited by jholder; 05-23-2006 at 07:20 PM.

subset: commoncrawl


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An erection occurs in only one way: when your penis is filled up with blood. The more blood flows into your penis, the bigger and harder your erection will be.
Unfortunately, the process of blood flow to the penis is not easily controlled, meaning you won't have full control over the size and hardness of your erection.
Luckily, there are a number of ways to ensure a healthy blood flow.
Eat healthy food
A healthy diet will make sure you experience a healthy sex life. Try to focus on foods that are good for the heart, as it is the organ responsible for pumping the blood around your body.
Foods known for being good for the heart include fruits, vegetables, legumes and whole grains.
Foods you may wish to avoid include those high in fat content, so put down those greasy fries and pick up some heart-healthy alternatives instead. You won't regret it once you see the improvement in your sex life.
Keep stress at bay
Feelings of stress and anxiety been long associated with erectile dysfunction, so it's no wonder your erections are not quite their best while you're going through a difficult time.
Combatting stress can be difficult, but there are techniques you can use to relax as much as possible. Try deep breathing exercises, exercise, meditation or simply taking some time for yourself.
If your stress is severely affecting your quality of life, you may wish to see a therapist or health professional who may be able to advice on some effective coping methods. Once any stress in your life has been alleviated, you may find your healthy, hard erections return.
Become aroused
You may think this goes without saying, but you need to be properly aroused to achieve an optimum erection. It's easy to get excited during sex, providing you are not suffering from a more severe form of erectile dysfunction.
Remain focused, concentrating on the exciting task at hand. Listen to your body and truly feel what's happening. You'll also benefit from staying relaxed, and trying not to panic if you notice your arousal reducing. It's okay – it happens. It's just a sign you may need to boost your blood flow.
Love your partner
You may think this sounds like something you'd hear in a romantic movie, but it's true! The more you love your partner, the more aroused you'll become.
Focus on your partner's pleasure and listen to what they want. Be tentative, taking notice of which of your actions are the most pleasurable to them.
Essentially, the more you take care of yourself and ensure a healthy, loving relationship, the better your blood flow will be. This will result in a bigger, harder erection every time.
However, you may wonder what else can be done to boost your erections. After all, you may see endless articles claiming to offer medication or devices that can help improve the quality of your erections.
Can penis pumps really help?
Yes. There are some water assisted penis pumps available known for their ability to increase the blood flow to the penis. Subsequently, you will experience improved erections, which will lead to better sex.
You may find that some of these pumps increase your sex drive and levels of desire, which can also contribute to a better erection.
If you do decide to try penis pumps, ensure that the pump you purchase is medically tested.
What else can I do to improve my erection?
As previously outlined, taking care of yourself is the best way to ensure adequate blood flow to your penis. Try to stay active every day and don't shy away from hitting the gym once in a while.
The exercise will keep the blood flowing functionally, preventing any signs of slowing that may reduce flow to the penis.
A healthy lifestyle combined with high quality water-assited penis pump should be all you need to experience strong erections and the ultimate sexual pleasure.


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On this day: April 29
POSTED: 8:02 PM Apr 26 2013 UPDATED: 12:00 AM Apr 29 2016
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American troops liberate the Dachau concentration camp, the U.S. begins evacuating American citizens from Saigon, Alfred Hitchcock dies, Roger Clemens sets a strikeout record, and riots consume Los Angeles, all on this day.
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After deeply divided negotiations that went on a full year after actor contracts expire last June, the Screen Actors Guild has finally settled on a new... More.
Ari Emanuel: Mogul on the rise
June 10, 2009 | 6:44 pm
Ari Emanuel is possibly the only contender to become the next big Hollywood mogul.
The young, brash, uncompromising superagent is on the ascending arc of his... More.


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Corporate Affairs Minister Veerappa Moily today pitched for better gender diversity in corporate India while citing studies that say firms with greater women participation at board levels perform better financially.
"Diversity of the board contributes to the success of the company...Gender diversity is not just the right thing to do but also the bright thing to do,"" Moily said at a conference on corporate governance, organised by Indian Institute of Corporate Affairs.
Citing studies, he said, companies with higher number of women at the top level deliver strong organisational and financial performance.
He also said companies with more women on the board show better results, quoting studies.
As far as governance is concerned, female directors can provide value addition and positive impact on the company, Moily said while speaking at the conference titled "Inspiring Confidence in Indian Business".
Gender balance board is more like to pay attention and helps in controlling the risk, he said.
"More women in management can provide broader insights in economic behavior and consumer choices," he added.
About decision making process, the Minister said people should be able to take decision both at the public and private sector level.
He said, "failing to take a decision is equal to fraud committed against the nation, according to me".
"The decision making process has to take place, who else will take the responsibility. Whether its a corporate entity or a public sector entity, if you don't take the decision you are failing the nation," the Minister said.
When asked about financial problems of Deccan Chronicle, Moily said his ministry has not received any substantial petition and he has asked the ministry to have a discreet inquiry on the basis of newspaper reports.
"No substantial petition came to us..what we have read in the newspaper..on basis of newspaper, I have told my ministry to make a discreet inquiry to find what exactly is the position ...no sooner registrar of companies (RoC) will come out with a report, then we will be able to act upon it," he said.


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What is a heat pump?
A heat pump is an electrically powered heating system that uses a small amount of energy to move heat from one location to another.
The two main types are air source heat pumps used to pull heat from the air outside your home and ground source heat pumps used to pull heat from the ground outside to provide both hot water & heat for your home or office building.
So how does the heat pump pull heat from the air or ground outside?
On the face of it you would think this can't possibly work, taking heat from the air or ground outside! But in fact you already have a form of heat pump in your home and we take for granted that it continually works every day. Your fridge or refrigerator is a simplified heat pump, taking heat from inside your fridge through a series of coils fitted to the interior and transferring this heat to a panel of coils at the rear of the fridge unit. Quietly and efficiently this appliance performs the role of a heat pump day and night (and if you go to the electrical store you will see very high energy rating cert.'s on fridge's, of the order of A or B rating).
A heat pump uses a small amount of energy to switch that process into reverse, pulling heat out of a relatively low-temperature area, and pumping it into a higher temperature area. In a heat pump, this heat is transferred from a heat source (e.g. the ground or air) into a heat sink (e.g. your home). Heat pumps are extremely efficient because they simply transfer heat, rather than burn fuel to create it.
For example: as mentioned in my last post the ratio of energy used in a heat pump to heat the hot water & space heating provided into to your home or business is from 3:1 up to 4:1 i.e. the pump uses 1 kilowatt of electricity and transfers 3 kilowatts of heat into the home heating system and hot water tank.
Making a heat pump from 350 – 400% efficient!
Some Heat pumps are also a bi-functional unique type of heating system, because they can do the work of both a heating system and an air conditioner – i.e. They can be switched into reverse to also cool a building taking the heat inside your home or office in the summer and expelling it outside in the same manner as your fridge.
Heat pump information on our website :
Air source heat pump : – How it works
Ground source heat pump : – How it works
Quick Glossary -
ASHP : ( Air Source Heat Pump )
GSHP: ( Ground Source Heat Pump )
COP: ( Coefficient Of Performance = The amount of heat created : divided by the amount of work [electrical] required to do so)
GEOTHERMAL: ( Ground source or Water source underneath ground )
In my next post I will provide the 'back of the envelope' approach to calculate the cost 'versus' payback of a heat pump heating system and discuss some of the other benefits of using this renewable energy heating / cooling system.


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May 27, 2016
Philadelphia police have charged a man in the Friday morning robbery of a Merchants and Farmers Bank in downtown Philadelphia.
Cozell Lyons was charged Saturday with one county of armed robbery and one county of possession of a firearm by a convicted felon.
Lyons was identified from a surveillance camera at the Merchants and Farmers Bank which was robbed at about 8:30 Friday morning.
Authorities recovered over $3,000 of the stolen $5,000.
Click Here to access the online Public Inspection File
Viewers with disabilities can get assistance accessing this station's FCC Public Inspection File by contacting the station with the information listed below. Questions or concerns relating to the accessibility of the FCC's online public file system should be directed to the FCC at 888-225-5322, 888-835-5322 (TTY), or email@example.com.


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Astonishing X-Men Gifted
seeders: 0
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Astonishing X-Men Gifted (Size: 1.89 GB)
Movie Title: Astonishing X-Men - Gifted (Marvel Knights)
Studio: Shout! Factory
Rated: Not Rated
DVD Release Date: 09/28/2010
Actors: Wolverine, Cyclops, Beast
Directors: Joss Whedon, John Cassaday
What is a motion comic? Its a bit of a hybrid genre-- the video looks like someone was able to animate the spaces between the panels in a comic book. The conversation bubbles are replaced by voice actors.
Dream-team creators Joss Whedon (TV's Buffy the Vampire Slayer) and John Cassaday (Planetary, Captain America) present the explosive, all-new flagship X-Men series - marking a return to classic greatness and the beginning of a brand-new era for the X-Men! Cyclops and Emma Frost re-form the X-Men with the express purpose of astonishing the world. But when breaking news regarding the mutant gene unexpectedly hits the airwaves, will it derail their new plans before they even get started? As demand for the mutant cure reaches near-riot levels, the X-Men go head-to-head with the enigmatic Ord, with an unexpected ally - and some unexpected adversaries - tipping the scales!
Includes Chapters 01 - 06 and DVD Extras
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Very cool concept, I used to read these years ago. Excellent quality, thank you!!
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Jeff found his passion for fitness in teaching people to become healthy, fit and reach their goals. He begins by helping clients build a strong core foundation and then adapting their program to target their specific goals. From improving general health and fitness or working on a specific sport to increasing flexibility or losing a few pounds, Jeff's positive attitude and fitness expertise ensures clients' achieve their goals.
Jeff thrives on getting results. His well-rounded fitness knowledge enables him to tailor his programs to meet the unique needs of his clients. Using proper technique and progressive challenges, his clients soon see the physical and mental rewards of their fitness investment.
Ras is motivated to see each of his clients succeed with their fitness goals, which is why all training programs are tailored to the individual. With years of experience working closely with physiotherapists, chiropractors and doctors, Ras ensures that personal training sessions complement health regimes and treatments. Overall Ras is committed to helping clients seek lifestyle change towards optimal health and fitness.
Ras' keen interest in the area of golf fitness has led him to pursue a 'Certified Golf Fitness Instructor' Certification by the Titleist Performance Institute. He can help turn your game around and identify physical performance factors that limit players from progressing in their game and achieving their goals.
Riaz is a knowledgeable fitness trainer who believes anything can be achieved through hard work and dedication. While completing the Personal Fitness Trainer Program at Mount Royal College, he performed his practicum at the Bow Valley Club and was hired soon there after. Since then, he has provided our members with challenging, time efficient and enjoyable fitness programs.
Riaz teaches his clients how to effectively manipulate their current programs to add functionality and incorporate core stability. His emphasis on proper technique and versatility enables his clients to add variety to their fitness routine and optimize their time in the gym to achieve the best results.
"Working out with Jeff has helped me improve not just my physical but my overall well being. Jeff tailored a work out regime that fits my goals, my body type and my schedule. His skill at assessing my level of fitness and designing a personalized training regimen with new and varied exercises constantly challenges me. More over, Jeff is a great motivator. He understands when (and what type of) encouragement I need and his positive attitude and demeanour is inspiring. Overall, I used to look at working-out as a means to achieving a certain weight, or waist size. Thanks to Jeff's coaching, improving my overall fitness is now an integrated part of my life-style. Thanks Jeff!"
-Andrew K.
"I have worked with Jeff Lindstrom as my personal trainer for two years. Jeff takes a practical, focused and flexible approach to training. Whether the goal has been weight management, general health and fitness, sport specific training or injury rehabilitation, Jeff has designed a multitude of programs, and provided the individual motivation which I required, to be successful. However, above all else, Jeff has fostered a rapport that makes his training sessions not only effective, but quite enjoyable!!!"
-Mark D.
"I began working with Ras at the start of 2002, just after having some minor surgery on my right foot. I decided to work with Ras because I was scheduled to run a 17km leg in a relay race in June, so I needed a fitness program that could help me recover as well as get me in the shape I needed to be in to complete the run. The operation required 6 weeks of healing as well as physiotherapy to get my foot back up to normal.
Ras started me off with some basic exercises that built my core strength and helped my foot heal. He was particularly focused on building upon what my physiotherapist wanted me to do and ensured that I did not try to do things too quickly to prevent the risk of further injury. After time, we started on a basic weekly running program which Ras designed that included a combination of long and short tempo runs. The program started gradually and increased as my fitness level improved and we got closer to the race date. We also did strength exercises which supported the running training and focused on posture, core strength and muscle balance. Ras showed me a whole new series of exercises that have helped my fitness and strength levels significantly.
The overall program was a success and I was very pleased with the run I did. I continue to follow Ras' program and often seek his input. He is very a personable and thoughtful and innovative in the type of exercises he comes up with. He is also very tolerant and never makes you feel bad if you are having a bad day, or have to reschedule appointments on short notice. I highly recommend Ras a personal trainer - he is very capable and enjoyable to work with. "
-Drew R.
"I've been working with Riaz for over 4 months - the goal is to improve my overall fitness for ski and squash after a knee injury several months ago. Riaz has set up an excellent program designed to improve my upper body and core strength - as well as focus on the stability of the knee. It is clear that he knows the theory & practice and is careful to explain what each exercise & stretch is designed to do and why. He has evolved the program as I've improved and continues to make it interesting and challenging. I've found Riaz to be a pleasant but firm trainer and he is flexible in his time and persistent in ensuring I get to the club. I've noticed, in the time I've worked with Riaz, a big improvement in my core strength and stability and intend to continue working with Riaz to improve my overall fitness. Riaz is a pleasure to work with and I wouldn't hesitate to recommend him as a personal trainer."
-Glenn G.
"The Bow Valley Club has always advocated a healthy lifestyle. I have been a member of the Bow Valley Club for fifteen years, and with their constant support I was able to change my lifestyle to be healthier and more active.
For the first eleven years of my membership I visited the club on an occasional basis. My periodic visits proved to be of little benefit to my health or my appearance. In the fall of 2003, after my younger brother had a severe heart attack that resulted in quintuple bypass surgery, I chose to make a change and committed to improving my health.
When I returned home I began working with Riaz at the club. His program gave me structure and pushed me to be disciplined and committed to success. With his support and personalized workout routine, I quickly began to see results. I also started to feel better, eat better and sleep better. It was hard to believe that such results could be achieved by dedicating a small portion of ones day to working out at the club. This small adjustment in lifestyle changed my body shape, increased my fitness level, lowered my cholesterol and helped me set a positive example for my family. Being fit is so important and the Bow Valley club's equipment, resources, and welcoming atmosphere have helped me to achieve that. I started my experience at the age of forty six. My only regret is that I should have started with Riaz sooner."
-Dave B.
"I've been training with Riaz since October, 2006. Previous to this, I hadn't been an active participant in resistance and core training. Riaz has been very helpful on an ongoing basis to design and evolve a training program for me that has me feeling a whole lot better both physically and mentally. I've lost about 10 lbs, toned up my 49 year old body and it has also greatly helped my performance in sports I participate in like hockey, skiing and squash. I feel I have more energy for many of life's other pursuits as well and I'm also managing the stress that comes along with all that much better, too. I would highly recommend Riaz and the BVC Club to anyone! "
-Michael H.
Tammy's relationship with each of her clients is a partnership. She provides each client with all of the tools they will need to accomplish their goals - appropriate exercises, motivation, and information. Her partner (a.k.a. client) has to put in the sweat equity and commitment during their sessions and on their own!
Tammy is goal orientated creating a program specifically designed to meet her client's needs; however, the first step is to ensure a client's goals are realistic. As with any partnership communication is extremely important! Tammy relies on honest and ongoing feedback with her clients so that she can make adjustments to keep her clients on track towards achieving their goals.
Brenda is an energetic fitness trainer who believes that positive thinking is the best way to achieve success. After struggling with her weight for many years, it took the influence of one aerobic instructor to make her realize that not all instructors have to have the "perfect" body in order to make an impact on someone else's life. Her pure enjoyment for physical activity led her to become a group fitness instructor in 1998.
Through developing core strengths and then utilizing them to achieve specific fitness goals, Brenda's tailored training methods help clients on their journey to better health and fitness.
Sherry is an enthusiastic trainer and yoga instructor with three main passions in her life: fitness, yoga and family. She is constantly utilizing her knowledge of fitness and yoga to find new ways to improve the environmental situations that enable a person to work on all aspects of functional fitness. Sherry focuses on helping her clients achieve a balance of mind, body, and spirit to fulfill their fitness and lifestyle goals.
Lisa's goal as a Personal Trainer is to offer motivation and safe, effective training through educating her clients on the importance of core strength and correct form, as well as postural and body awareness. Being a Personal Trainer enables her to share her knowledge and making a positive impact on others' health by helping them to gradually unleash their hidden potential and understand their bodies.
Although Lisa enjoys all aspects of fitness, due to the personal challenges she has endured from her own back condition, Scoliosis, she has developed a passion in post-rehabilitation and back care exercise. Her belief in working with the body's own structural build and not against it, ensures she helps all her clients develop and maintain a strong, happy, pain-free quality of life.
Primera's main focus is on proper technique and execution of exercises. She believes that if you can't do it correctly and without risking injury then you are not doing it at all. She prescribes exercises base on its functionality, application to life/sport, and my client's goals. Her belief is that in loving others as yourself but also loving yourself as you would love others! Invest in YOUR health and fitness; because if you don't take care of yourself you can't take care of others.
"I have been training with Tammy White for the past 3 years and I have definitely seen great results. I have never had a trainer that can give such a hard workout while making it fun. Choosing the right trainer can make all the difference in the world. It can mean the difference between success or failure. With Tammy you definitely get success. Tammy designs a program tailored specifically to your needs. She stays"tuned in" to how your body is reacting to the program and makes adjustments as needed. Tammy ensures that I know how the exercise is done properly, so I can do it right and get the maximum benefit from each rep.Enthusiasm, dedication, and heart…all the things that make a great personal trainer are all the things Tammy has. Tammy is a trainer I recommend to everyone who is serious about reaching your fitness goals."
-Sharon L.
"I started training with Brenda for 'one session only' to make sure I had proper form when strength training. several years later, I'm still working out with Brenda because I keep seeing benefits and rewards from our sessions. In that time, Brenda's encouraged me while I trained for and completed several half-marathons, a full marathon, various triathlons and she is now helping me, with the support of my triathlon coach, as I train for my second half-Ironman distance triathlon. Brenda has also helped me cope with a nagging running injury. Brenda is creative, patient and persistent. She knows how to encourage and push me to push myself. I always feel like we're a team, even though I'm the one wobbling on the BOSU ball and she's the one with the clipboard. My strength training, my running, cycling, swimming and my overall fitness are all improved thanks to my time working with Brenda."
-Maureen M.
"Since joining the Bow Valley Club a little over a year ago, I have made some big strides in my personal fitness such as dropping from a size 12 to a size 10. I owe a portion of my success to Sherry Garrido, the personal trainer I worked with. Sherry designs programs that keep me challenged and interested in maintaining my fitness level. Sherry also showed me that I have the strength within me to go that extra rep, even when I didn't think I could. We have discussed nutrition, general health issues and worked together to ready me for my first 5KM run in October 2005."
-Tracy W.
"I have had the absolute pleasure of working with Sherry for the past year. Before coming to the Bow Valley Club, I was extremely bored with my workout routine and hadn't seen results in months. Well, Sherry has helped me change that in a hurry! I really appreciate how much thought she puts into my routines - they are creative, challenging and always in line with my fitness goals. She continually demonstrates great knowledge and understanding of current fitness trends and has been instrumental in fuelling my love for yoga. I appreciate Sherry's never-ending smile and the enthusiasm with which she approaches each of my sessions. I would highly recommend Sherry to anyone."
-Christy P.
"My girlfriend Brenda and I started partner training with Lisa Byers over two years ago. We engaged Lisa as our personal trainer with goals of weight loss and heightened fitness levels. The problem facing Brenda and I like most of us, is that we always have good intentions, but don't see them through. Both Brenda and I have discovered that the discipline of training appointments coupled with strong motivational inspiration from Lisa has enabled us to achieve targets that we had previously found impossible. Lisa has been a "star" and through her wonderful guidance, friendship and tailor made exercise program she has managed to make each personal training session unique, energized, challenging and most of all rewarding. We've developed a close friendship and are absolutely addicted!!! We look forward to future training with Lisa."
- Brenda I. & Lydia I.
"Primera has been my personal trainer for about a year now and she is an absolute joy to work with. With her varied programs she has pushed me out of my usual comfort zone with the result that my overall fitness and posture has noticeably improved. With Primera's ongoing encouragement and engaging attitude, I am looking forward to improving my core strength and aerobic levels with the aim of one day participating in a 5 km run."
- Lynn K.
"I have trained with Kim off and on over the past 3 years and consider her to be more than just a trainer, she's a friend. I am so thankful for Kim, who reignited my passion for fitness and has encouraged me to continuously push myself to that "next level". She tailored a workout program to fit my goals and body type and modified the exercises within that program regularly to ensure I was always challenged and working my butt off! She is a joy to work with, she provides unlimited encouragement, and she won't let you quit. I often find myself repeating tips or comments she's given to me in my head on the days I don't train with her. My favorite Kim quote is "squeeze everything" or "S.E." for short, meaning while you're performing an exercise make sure you are engaging every possible muscle in your body."
- Dawn M.
Both the Men's and Women's Fitness Floors offer a team of certified Personal Trainers. Our trainers have a diverse range of backgrounds and areas of expertise, which enables them to deliver innovative fitness programs that keep regimens fresh, fun and effective.


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Visit Lake Norman - Visitor Center and Guide
Visit Lake Norman - Visitor Center and Guide
19900 W. Catawba AveCornelius, NC, 28031
Welcome to Lake Norman! Nestled on the banks of beautiful Lake Norman are the towns of Cornelius, Davidson, and Huntersville. These charming towns present a wide array of leisure amenities including upscale shopping, golfing, NASCAR, fishing, and water fun. Located only 15 miles from uptown Charlotte, Lake Norman is THE place for fun in the sun! Created in 1963 by Duke Energy, Lake Norman is 34 miles long with 520 miles of shoreline and offers numerous attractions to explore.


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SOCHI, Russia Former Arizona Gov. Janet Napolitano, who is leading the U.S. Olympic delegation, said Friday that she is proud that three openly gay athletes are representing the U.S. government in a country with a law that criminalizes "homosexual propaganda."
Napolitano, who served as U.S. Homeland Security secretary under President Barack Obama from 2009 to 2013, is leading her second Olympic delegation. She also led the delegation during the closing ceremony in 2010 in Vancouver, Canada.
Obama named her to lead a delegation that includes two-time Olympic women's hockey medalist Caitlin Cahow and 1988 Olympic men's figure-skating gold medalist Brian Boitano. Tennis legend Billie Jean King did not make the trip as planned. Her 91-year-old mother, who lived in Prescott, died Friday, about the time the opening ceremony was taking place in Russia. King could join the U.S. delegation at the closing ceremony on Feb. 23.
International Olympic Committee President Thomas Bach of Germany, elected IOC president in September, indirectly accused Obama this week of grandstanding and playing politics by not attending the first Russian Olympics to include American athletes. The U.S. boycotted the 1980 Moscow Summer Games.
"Have the courage to address your disagreements in a peaceful, direct political dialogue and not on the backs of the athletes," Bach said. "People have a very good understanding of what it really means to single out the Olympic Games to make an ostentatious gesture which allegedly costs nothing but produces international headlines."
Napolitano left Obama's Cabinet last year to become president of the University of California system.
"The president doesn't need us to send a message," she said Friday. "He's very clear on how he communicates — respect for universal values, respect for human rights, respect for diversity and tolerance. Those are fundamental to the United States. If our delegation happens to represent those values, so be it. But he doesn't need a delegation to communicate. He communicates quite well himself."
The IOC and U.S. Olympic Committee have improved relations in recent years, and the USOC is considering bidding on the 2024 Summer Olympics, perhaps with Los Angeles or San Francisco as the bid city. Recent U.S. bids by New York City and Chicago were unsuccessful.
Cahow, originally named to the closing-ceremony delegation and replacing King on the front end, agrees that Obama wants to "showcase the diversity of the American experience." That echoes the statement made by U.S. athletes in electing former Northern Arizona University runner Lopez Lomong, one of the "Lost Boys of the Sudan," to be flag bearer at the 2008 Olympics opening ceremony in Beijing.
"I don't think the president was waiting for this particular opportunity to make a statement," Cahow said. "He's been very outspoken about his thoughts on Russian policy, so I think he's made enough of a statement in his own words. I think the delegation really demonstrates the power of change and the ability of each one of us to achieve great things regardless of circumstance and any other issues around us," Cahow continued.
"The laws here in Russia that have garnered so much attention and sparked so much controversy wouldn't have had the same global discussion (without the Olympics). Any time there is an issue that gets that much attention, it's a good thing. It's good to flesh things out, it's good to have discord and dialogue.
"Conversations go a lot further than violence. I'm very hopeful we can focus on the athletes for two weeks, but these conversations continue long after the Olympic Games are closed."
Cahow called her selection one of the greatest highlights of her life. Boitano compared the honor of being on the delegation to being on a fourth Olympic team "but in a different way."
"It's a diverse delegation and a successful delegation," Boitano said. "We're happy to be Americans, and we're happy to come from a country that supports this (diversity) message. It's really fantastic to be a part of it."
Michael McFaul, U.S. ambassador to Russia, also is part of the delegation. He was a special assistant to Obama and senior director for Russia and Eurasian Affairs at the National Security Council before his current position.
"This event could not be more important," McFaul said. "It's the most important for many years for Russia and for (President) Vladimir Putin. He was personally involved in selection the site."
He was personally involved in lobbying for the bid, and he's been involved in the entire run-up to create out of nowhere most of these facilities and these hotels."
Security concerns are paramount for all, given a December bombing in Volgograd and a stream of threats against the Olympics. There are a reported 40,000 Russian security forces here for a competition involving 6,000 athletes from 85 countries.
"We are impressed with the level of detail that the Russians have diverted to try and ensure for a safe Olympics," McFaul said. "We're satisfied with the level of cooperation that we have in terms of communication about security preparations and threat assessments that we share between our two governments."
"Any time you have a big complicated event, lots of venues, international in scope, security is complicated," Napolitano said. "It's more complicated here because of the geographic proximity to an area where there is war going on, but within the Olympic circle and the venues that I have seen, it seems to be quite good. You get checked a lot. That's so the athletes are safe, families and friends here are safe and people attending the Games are safe."
The Associated Press contributed to this article.


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Sept. 21, 2010
FRESNO, Calif. - Fresno State's men's golf team played a solid final round Tuesday and moved up to 12th place at the Washington National Golf Club in Auburn, Wash. The Dogs opened the tournament with a nightmare round of 312 on Monday morning, but played the last 36 holes at even par on a tough golf course.
In a tournament field that included six teams ranked in the Top 35, led by No. 1 Oregon, No. 3 Texas A&M and No. 5 Washington, the Dogs moved past BYU on final day in the 14-team field.
Junior Bhavik Patel (77-66-69--143) tied for 4th place, moving up four spots after a 3-under par round Tuesday. Patel, who had the fourth-lowest scoring average by a Bulldog during his sophomore season, made five birdies on his round and played his final 36 holes at 9-under par.
Bryan Hogan (73-71-75--144) played a solid tournament and finished tied for 21st in the 75-man field. Over 54 holes, Hogan only had one hole worse than a bogey.
Pepperdine (-17) easily defeated host Washington (-10) by seven strokes, with San Diego State (-5) the only other school under par.
Brian Sunker (82-70-75--227) tied for 53rd place while Tim Toste (80-78-73--231) and Michael Gideon (85-80-74--239) each posted their best rounds of the tournament ion the final day.
"We count 12 scores. Our top six scores averaged 70 but our bottom 6 scores averaged 78. That isn't like us. We are usually strong throughout the lineup. There are some guys back home chomping at the bit to get in the lineup. The competition for team spots will be good for us," said head coach Mike Watney.
"We are Your Team!" The Bulldog men's golf team returns to action Oct. 4-5 at the Nevada Wolf Pack Classic in Reno, Nev. Follow the tournament results on www.golfstat.com.
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Here's some of the other things we've noticed at the event so far.
Outsourcing-Pharma has come to Boston, US for DIA 2013. Best promotion we've seen so far is Medidata Solutions' tie up with the Michael J. Fox Foundation. Go get a photo with a time machine and Medidata will donate in your name.
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Content Provided by Reading Scientific Services Ltd.
Content Provided by Catalent


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אנחנו בפייסבוק
Unknown secret wartime report from 1942 reveals Hitler's unstable mental state as tide was turning in allies' favor. Analysis suggests Hitler's growing fear of defeat, belief he was leading crusade against Jewish people
Published: 05.13.12, 07:12 / Israel Jewish Scene
A secret report, previously unknown to historians, has given readers insight regarding the mental state of Adolf Hitler. According to the report, which was published in the British Guardian Newspaper on Friday, in 1942, British intelligence officers were tracking Adolf Hitler's "messiah complex" and his belief that he was leading a crusade against Jewish people.
The analysis of Hitler's mental state, was uncovered by a Cambridge University researcher, Scott Anthony. He found a report commissioned by the social scientist Mark Abrams, who worked in the psychological warfare division of the allied expeditionary force during the Second World War.
The report was written by an academic called Joseph McCurdy who studied radio speeches Hitler gave in 1942. His analysis was written as the war was starting to move in the allies' favor, and shows that British officers had started noticing signs of developing paranoia in Hitler's speechmaking and a growing preoccupation with what he called "the Jewish poison."
Anthony said: "At the time that it was written, the tide was starting to turn against Germany. In response, Hitler began to focus his attentions to the German home front. This document shows that British intelligence sensed this happening."
The report's author recognized that faced with external failure, the Nazi leader was focusing on a perceived "enemy within" instead – namely the Jews.
According to the report's opening lines which were published in Guardian Newspaper, the aim was "to reconstruct, if possible, what was in Hitler's mind." McCurdy concluded that Hitler had a tendency to lose heart when things were not going his way.
When analyzing one of Hitler's speeches, McCurdy pointed out that the speech betrayed "a man who is seriously contemplating the possibility of utter defeat."
However, according to the report, Hitler's growing paranoia was most alarming. McCurdy suggested Hitler had a "messiah complex," believing he was leading a chosen people on a crusade against an evil incarnate in the Jews. The paper notes an extension of the "Jew phobia" and says that Hitler now saw them not just as a threat to Germany, but as a "universal diabolical agency."


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May 24, 2016
Madison, FL - Florida Highway Patrol reports they were involved with a high speed chase on Tuesday afternoon that ended in a crash.
No injuries were reported from the accident.
FHP tells WCTV that a trooper tried pulling over a driver near Tallahassee at around 5:30 Tuesday afternoon, but the suspect took off and was being chased at over 100 miles per hour. Stop sticks were used near Jefferson County line on I-10 but proved to be ineffective. Troopers say the driver eventually crashed the vehicle into semi at mile marker 236 Eastbound on I-10.
The suspect is a 20-year old woman and is in custody. FHP tells WCTV that she had no priors and that alcohol or drugs were not detected.
Click Here to access the online Public Inspection File
Viewers with disabilities can get assistance accessing this station's FCC Public Inspection File by contacting the station with the information listed below. Questions or concerns relating to the accessibility of the FCC's online public file system should be directed to the FCC at 888-225-5322, 888-835-5322 (TTY), or email@example.com.


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An art collection spans just three artistsDecember 11, 2012 Updated: December 11, 2012 5:30pm
Photo: Mayra Beltran, Staff
When you think of where great private Houston-area art collections might be, you might think Memorial or at least inside the 610 Loop.
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Is there a way to increase notes editbox in Contacts? In edit mode, textbox size is so small that we can hardly find the line to change. I just need to increase textbox size in edit mode. Where do I have to edit the code?
We are using ZCS 8.0.0_GA_5334
Thanks in advance.


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Admission: Free
Meeting Place: Visitor Center Lobby
With awareness, the diversity of life here inspires wonder and discovery. Join Park Interpreter Rebekah for this relaxing bird watching program focusing on sketching field markings of our winter migrants. Learning to identify field markings is a great way to become more aware of the birds around you and allows you to identify unknown birds later. The park has binoculars you can use. Then stick around to make a pine cone bird feeder to attract birds to your yard!
Explore Hobbs State Park-Conservation Area with our helpful maps and brochures! Just click on an icon to view, or right-click on your mouse to save a
copy to your computer.


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The foundation stone of the 10-storey building INSTACON to be constructed in 48 hours will be laid on November 29 at Industrial Area, Phase I of SAS Nagar by Deputy Chief Minister, Punjab, Sukhbir Singh Badal.
While referring to the salient features of the 10 storey building, the brain behind the project, Harpal Singh, maintained that this is the first building of its kind in the country.
All the components were manufactured in the factory, pre-fitted with floors, water supply, wiring, sanitation, air conditioning ducts and everything else. These are then shifted in state-of-the-art transporting vehicles to the actual site for installation.
Harpal Singh added, The ultra fast mechanism helps save energy in quantums in comparison to traditional construction methods. One can get revenues from the investment within days. Though the cost is almost the same as incurred using conventional techniques, there is a lot of gain in saving man-days of work in terms of manpower days and overcoming inflationary increases.
He maintained that this technology has a vast potential to revolutionise the infrastructure technology in the country by rapidly speeding up the construction of commercial towers, luxury hotels, high-rise buildings, hospitals and educational institutions.


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Hi everybody !
I've a question about the Open Source edition backup procedure using the "Simple Shell Script Method" by Daniel W. Martin.
This is my situation:
IPCop--------dmz--------test mail server (Zimbra)
What would I like to do?
Backing up zimbra's most important files to my NAS
Only the administrator has all the rights on the NAS
His user name and password are (for example):
Username: admin
Password: 1111
NAS ip: 192.168.1.1
Zimbra box ip: 192.168.2.2
I've slightly changed the "Simple Shell Script Method" in this way:
(The changes are red)
Code:#!/bin/sh # Zimbra Backup Script # Requires ncftp to run # This script is intended to run from the crontab as root # Free to use and free of any warranty! Daniel W. Martin, 9 Sept 2007 # Live sync before stopping Zimbra to minimize sync time with the services down # Comment out the following line if you want to try single cold-sync only rsync -avHK --delete /opt/zimbra/ /backup/zimbra # which is the same as: /opt/zimbra /backup # Including --delete option gets rid of files in the dest folder that don't exist at the src # this prevents logfile/extraneous bloat from building up overtime. # Stop Zimbra Services sudo -u zimbra /opt/zimbra/bin/zmcontrol stop sleep 20 # Sync to backup directory rsync -avHK --delete /opt/zimbra/ /backup/zimbra # Restart Zimbra Services sudo -u zimbra /opt/zimbra/bin/zmcontrol start # Create a txt file in the backup directory that'll contain the current Zimbra # server version. Handy for knowing what version of Zimbra a backup can be restored to. sudo -u zimbra zmcontrol -v > /backup/zimbra/conf/zimbra_version.txt # or examine your /opt/zimbra/.install_history # Create archive of backed-up directory for offsite transfer # cd /backup/zimbra tar -zcvf /tmp/mail.backup.tgz -C /backup/zimbra . # Transfer file to backup server ncftpput -u admin -p 1111 192.168.1.1 / 192.168.2.2/backup /tmp/mail.backup.tgz
My first attempt was (as usual in linux world ) a failure...
so, these are my questions:
1- I opened a "DMZ pin Hole" on IPCop form Zimbra ip (192.168.2.2) to NAS ip (192.168.1.1). Which port should I use?
2-I simply installed ncftp with the command: "apt-get install ncftp"
Should I configure it in some way?
I'd really appreciate any help
Thank U in advance !
(fell free to insult me if i wrote too many newbie idiot stuffs)


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COLUMBUS - Men on a mission.
That's the best way to describe the three area grapplers who are still alive in the quest for the coveted Ohio High School Athletic Association Division III state championship.
Shadyside's duo of Ian Baker (138) and Alex Quinn (152) as well as Bellaire senior Josh Davis (145) took care of the opening-round opponents to earn a berth in today's quarterfinals as the 75th annual OHSAA State Wrestling Tournament got started at the Jerome Schottenstein Center on the campus of The Ohio State University.
Article Photos
Bellaire's Josh Davis tangles with Brooklyn's Casey Bishop during the Ohio State Wrestling Tournament on Thursday in Columbus. Davis won by pinfall.
Photo by Seth Staskey
Championship quarterfinal action at 10 this morning for the small schools. A victory clears the docket until tonight's semifinals, which start at 6:30 p.m. However, a loss forces another match during the afternoon to assure a spot on the podium as an all-stater.
Shadyside coach Scott Kinemond, who invested in a new suit just in case either of his entrants reached Saturday night's finals because of the new OHSAA coaches' dress code policy, had a stressful start to his tournament despite his Tigers finishing the first day 2-0.
''Ian had to take the fancy way of doing it, I guess,'' Kinemond said. ''I am proud of both (Ian and Alex) for the way they got it done, regardless of how it happened. At this point in the season, that's all that matters.''
Baker found himself in a scoreless battle with Beachwood sophomore Ryan Harris into the third period. Harris struck first with an escape with less than 15 seconds to go, but Baker, who admitted he needed to be more offensive on the mat, caught Harris on his hip and flipped for a takedown with 7 seconds to go and the eventual 2-1 victory.
''I felt him push a little bit, so I pushed back and the throw was there for me,'' Baker said. ''It's nice to get the first win. I know I have to win at least one more to be All-Ohio, so I just have to keep focused, get a good night's rest and come ready to go to (today).''
Baker's reward is a quarterfinal match with Harrod Allen East senior Colt Lovejoy, who was a 9-3 winner in his first-round match.
Quinn, meanwhile, had much less trouble in reaching the quarterfinals in his first appearance at the state tournament. The Tigers' 152 pounder, who's already won the OVAC, sectional and district crowns, took the first step toward completing the magical season with a 16-1 technical fall against Gibsonburg's Damen Escobedo.
''I had some nerves going as I came out of the tunnel, but I just tried to turn those nerves into a positive energy,'' Quinn said. ''You have to embrace the moment and remember what got you here.''
Quinn was never challenged, shooting out to a 6-0 lead and flirted with the pin on several occassions before eventually securing the technical fall in the third period.
''It's great to get the first win,'' Quinn continued. ''I know I need one more win to place, but I want to do more than just place. I have to keep doing what I've been doing all season and keep my head right.''
The victory improves Quinn to 37-2 and he'll meet Brookville senior David Williams, who is 36-10 after advancing by virtue of a 6-5 victory.
Bellaire's Davis, meanwhile, is in the midst of his third consecutive trip to the state tournament. However, the emotion Davis showed after he pinned Brooklyn senior Casey Bishop 19 seconds into the second period is understood.
''I'd never won a match at the state (tournament) before, so to get the first one by pin was really exciting,'' Davis said. ''I was able to stay in control and I just caught him for the pin.''
Davis was having his way with Bishop throughout the first period, building a commanding eight-point lead at the break. To begin the second, he promptly slammed Bishop, turned him to his back and then celebrated after the official slapped the mat.
''I just have to keep focused because every match is going to get tougher,'' Davis said.
Division II
COLUMBUS - Steubenville Big Red arrived with the exact amount of wrestlers as Division II powerhouse and 11-time defending champion St. Paris Graham.
Unfortunately for Big Red, they didn't end the first day with the same amount.
Coach Mike Blackburn's squad, however, has an OVAC-high five wrestlers alive in today's quarterfinal round, which gets started at 10 this morning at the Jerome Schottenstein Center.
Graham, which is a wrestling factory in the Dayton area, had all eight of its wrestlers advance to today's quarterfinal. Not only did the Falcons advance, but they did so by either major decision, technical fall or pin, giving them 28.5 points after the first day.
Steubenville is sitting in fourth place overall with 15 points.
Big Red got out of the gates quickly Thursday thanks to a 10-5 decision by freshman Devin Brown against Mantua Crestwood's Jake Zemaitis. Brown will oppose St. Paris Graham's Eli Stickley (33-10) in the quarterfinals.
Senior Shawn McGhee, who has All-Ohio aspirations, continued his brilliant season at 145 pounds. This marks McGhee's third appearance at the state tournament.
''It definitely feels good to get that a win at state because I hadn't done that since I was a sophomore,'' McGhee said. ''Now, it's time to focus on the next one.''
Before he could officially focus on the next one, McGhee recorded two quick takedowns of Cuyahoga Valley Christian Academy's Jeff Hojnacki and never looked back en route to a 17-6 major decision.
''I wanted to go out and wrestle my match,'' McGhee said. ''I wanted to attack, dominate and be relentless.''
McGhee, who is 39-3, will tangle with Parma Heights Holy Name senior Jimmy Klosz, who earned his 40th victory of the season by a 7-4 score.
Brown and McGhee set the tables for the trio of Big Red standouts in the upper weights.
Senior Jake Howarth improved to 38-6 at 170 pounds thanks to a 4-2 decision against Walsh Jesuit's Nick Rumple.
Howarth will take on once-beaten Brandon Taylor of Gallia Academy in today's semifinals. Taylor has 46 victories to his credit.
Junior Charlie Keenan, whose dad, Charlie, won the state title as a junior, is three victories from matching his that accomplishment after his 7-3 victory against Hamilton Ross' Tyler Bridwell.
''I just want to keep winning and hopefully get to the finals,'' Keenan said. ''We're doing well as a team and we want to compete as well as we can and see what happens.''
Keenan will take on 33-10 Evan Nichols of Perry.
Junior Greg Moray notched his 43rd victory in 44 trips to the mat this winter thanks to a pin of Canton South's Ken Hodge at the 4:48 mark in his state tournament debut. Moray finally got a pin after having Hodge stuck for quite sometime.
The next match for Moray will come against Lucas Sparks (31-4) of Springfeld Shawnee. He was a 4-2 winner in the opening round.


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4th Jaguar Dragoons (Clan Smoke Jaguar)
Sarna News
|4th Jaguar Dragoons
|Unit Profile (as of 3059)
|Parent Formation
|Epsilon Galaxy
The Fourth Jaguar Dragoons were a military unit of Clan Smoke Jaguar
During the Trials that led up to Operation REVIVAL, the Fourth Jaguar Dragoons were one of the Clusters that faced Khan Ulric Kerensky in the Trial of Refusal called by Clan Wolf.[1] They fought the Wolves' Third Battle Cluster alongside Clan Burrock's 15th Rapier Cluster.[2]
Operation Revival[edit]
During the Clan invasion of the Inner Sphere, the Fourth Dragoons fought on the following worlds as part of Delta Galaxy:
Wave Three[edit]
- Jeanette - The Dragoons landed on what ComStar had told them was an undefended world, however, the Precentor in command of the planet's HPG station sent two Level II ComGuard units to attack the Dragoons, but were swiftly destroyed. Precentor Martial Anastasius Focht agreed to pay restitution for damages. [3]
Wave Four[edit]
- Luzerne - The planet was defended by survivors of the 9th Alshain Regulars who'd escaped Clan Ghost Bears attack on Jarett. who prepared and lured the Dragoons into well-orchestrated crossfire at Topeka Bay. The Jaguars were able to force their way out and circle behind the 9th, which forced the Regulars to flee north while taking heavy casualties. The Dragoons caught them at the Lawrence Pass virtually destroying them under the heavy fire. [4]
Wave Five[edit]
- Avon - The defending 2nd Amphigean Light Assault Group opted for a guerilla campaign, but were quickly overcome.[5][6]
- Asgard - Undertaking a forced night march to avoid the constant artillery barrage from the Third Benjamin Regulars the Dragoons and the 19th Striker Cluster caught them by surprise and forced them to retreat after a fierce battle. The regulars second defensive line held for a month before breaking under the assault. [7] It is possible that they didn't fight on Tukayyid due to the protracted fighting at Odin's retreat.
- Luthien
Post Tukayyid[edit]
The Dragoons were transferred to Epsilon Galaxy and took up formal garrison duties on Asgard. [8]
Operation Bulldog[edit]
Operation Bird Dog[edit]
- Asgard - As part of this clandestine campaign a company sized unit from the Davion Heavy Guards dropped onto the planet in May 3059. The Fourth hunted it down, but were still dealing with this threat when the main assault hit the planet. [9]
Wave One[edit]
- Asgard - When Star League forces including the Third Benjamin Regulars and the main body of the Davion Heavy Guards landed they faced the 4th Jaguar Dragoons as well as the Command Keshik of Epsilon Galaxy. In the resulting campaign the Fourth Jaguar Dragoons were driven back by the DCMS forces, to be caught in a pincer by the Davion Heavy Guards and destroyed.[10]
- Star Colonel Aaron Showers 3048[11]-3059.
- Star Captain Lavina Showers 30??-3059 - Trinary Command.
- Star Captain Jillian Osis 30??-3059 - First Trinary Battle.
- Star Captain Ranna Bowen 30??-3059 - Trinary Assault.
- Star Captain Mambrams Nevversan 30??-3059 - Second Trinary Battle.
- Star Captain Sersa 30??-3059 - Binary Elemental.
- Star Commander David Pryde 30??-3059 - Artillery Support Star.
Composition History[edit]
- First Trinary Battle
- Second Trinary Battle
- Trinary Command - (10 OmniMechs, 25 Elementals)
- First Trinary Battle - (15 OmniMechs)
- Trinary Assault - (15 OmniMechs)
- Binary Elemental - (50 Elementals)
- Second Trinary Battle - (15 OmniMechs)
- Artillery Support Star - (5 OmniMechs)
- Inner Sphere Intelligence sources placed their strength at 60 BattleMechs in 3059.[13] Although a front line cluster it contained a few second line 'Mechs like the Kodiak on its roster. [14]
- Misidentified by Davion troops as the 4th Jaguar Hussars during Operation Bulldog [13]
- ↑ Operational Turning Points: REVIVAL Trials, p. 22
- ↑ Operational Turning Points: REVIVAL Trials, p. 33
- ↑ Invading Clans, p. 65
- ↑ Invading Clans, p. 66
- ↑ Invading Clans, p. 59-60
- ↑ Invading Clans , p. 68 "Clan Smoke Jaguar - Occupation Zone (As of June 3052) - Fifth Wave - Avon (DC)"
- ↑ Invading Clans, p. 69
- ↑ Objective Raids, p. 34
- ↑ The Dragon Roars, p. 8-9
- ↑ Technical Readout: 3055 Upgrade, p. 32, "Notable MechWarriors"
- ↑ Operational Turning Points: REVIVAL Trials, p. 22
- ↑ Invading Clans, p. 72
- ↑ 13.0 13.1 Grave Covenant, p. 249
- ↑ Grave Covenant, p. 251


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Should I get the shingles vaccine?
Betty A. Hinderks- Davis, MD, is a dermatologist at Banner Health Center, Sun City West.
Question: What is shingles and should I get the vaccine to protect myself against shingles?
Answer: Shingles is caused by the varicella-zoster virus. When we are first exposed to this virus, we get chicken pox. Most people get chicken pox or the chicken pox vaccine in childhood. After this exposure, through the infection or vaccine, the varicella-zoster virus lives dormant in our bodies.
The reactivation of this dormant virus causes shingles to occur. This often happens when our immune system is weakened, which occurs naturally with aging but can also be caused by a stressful medical or emotional event in our life. At times, there is no obvious reason why the virus was reactivated.
Shingles leads to a rash, typically on one side of the body, which can be quite painful. The rash often looks like grouped blisters with redness in the skin surrounding it. A characteristic feature of this rash is that it does not cross the mid-line of the body.
Rarely, the varicella-zoster virus can cause pain of the skin and deep tissue without causing a rash. Or occasionally the pain can precede the rash by several days.
You cannot "catch" shingles by being exposed to someone with the active virus. However, if a person has not had chicken pox and they are around a person with shingles, they can get chicken pox.
Ask your doctor if you are a good candidate for the shingles vaccine. You can still get shingles following the vaccine, but the incidence of this occurring is greatly reduced and the rash and symptoms would likely be less severe.


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[EDITORS NOTE: This is the third in a series of 5 articles looking back at some of the notable people, trends and companies of 2005. Additional articles in this series will be published all next week.]
In a flooded marketplace faced with increasing competition from DVDs, pay-per-view television, and shiny new gaming consoles, the film industry was faced with some tough challenges in 2005. As the year wore on and summer finally arrived, the release of each blockbuster was cause for renewed hope that Hollywood would finally save face - but critics complained and grosses waned. The films just weren't connecting. One genre, however, seemed to have a banner year overall, both critically and at the box office, despite a few disappointments.
"This was another year of growth in the documentary arena," says Mark Urman, head of U.S. theatrical for THINKFilm. "More docs than ever were released theatrically, and more of them did well. Even though the vast majority still remain in a limited-audience ghetto, the same could be said for most indie films, and unlike low-budget fiction fare and foreign language films, docs have gained ground while the other varieties of alternative film have lost ground in the marketplace."
THINKFilm, which released two of the most talked about nonfiction films of the year, "Murderball" by Henry-Alex Rubin and Dana Adam Shapiro as well as Paul Provenza's "The Aristocrats", provided an unexpected case study in the imperfect science of releasing documentaries. "Murderball", a film about quadriplegic athletes, was hands down one of the highest rated movies of the year, but only took in about $1.5 million domestically, while "The Aristocrats", an essay film about the dirtiest joke in the world, did a surprising $6.3 million at the box office. "It is true that heading into the summer, all of us at Think thought that 'Murderball' would do crossover business and that "The Aristocrats' would be, at best, a cult success," says Urman.
So why do some well-reviewed documentaries connect with the movie-going public and others don't? "'Murderball', in hindsight, clearly struck people as a film that might be painful to watch," says Urman. "No matter how much testimony they heard to the contrary, people felt that they needed something lighter this summer. Thankfully, 'The Aristocrats' fit that bill. Interestingly, most people did not perceive it as taboo, rather they accepted it as fun - not as a provocation and not as a challenge. In the end, with one film, we seem to have overestimated the public, and with the other we underestimated them."
Marilyn Agrelo's "Mad Hot Ballroom" also caused a stir this year, with a box office take of $8 million, making it the seventh highest grossing documentary of all time. "When I acquired the movie, industry pundits argued that the film could not cross over," says David Dinerstein, former co-president of Paramount Classics, "because sophisticated, adult audiences were unwilling to see movies centered around ten and eleven-year-old inner city kids. These so-called experts underestimated the audience's thirst for something that is both intellectually stimulating while being highly entertaining at the same time."
Ken Eisen, president of Shadow Distribution, also went with his gut when he released Judy Irving's " The Wild Parrots of Telegraph Hill", which took in over $3 million in very limited release, while also garnering some of the best reviews of the year. "I think the film worked because it's an honest, true and fascinatingly human story," Eisen told indieWIRE. "It has a genuinely happy ending that's not false and phony and overstated. It's beautifully shot... birds and other animals can, in fact, seem a lot more human than humans do these days. On top of that, hidden inside the film is an archetypal, though completely offbeat version of an American success story."
There are few success stories as big as the other bird movie of the year, Luc Jacquet's "March of the Penguins," which took in an astonishing $77.4 million, and broke the $106 million mark worldwide, making it the second-highest-grossing doc ever. It, too, was blessed with rave reviews, but 2005 has reminded us that great notices often don't translate into big-ticket sales. How, then, did a US distributor know that that a French documentary about penguins could be adjusted to connect so well with an American audience?
"The short answer is that I spent five years reworking movies at Miramax," says Mark Gill, president of Warner Independent Pictures, "and learned a great deal about what changes make a big difference to an American audience's enjoyment of a movie. My colleagues also have worked on such a large number of movies that they, too, have seen the patterns of what works best in this culture." Working with the already remarkable images captured on film, Gill and his colleagues set out to make a number of changes with the filmmakers' blessings. "We decided on an orchestral score rather than Emilie Simon's pop music," says Gill, "and a single point-of-view narrator rather than voices of the penguins." They also cut about five minutes from the picture, and focused more on what the penguins were actually experiencing. "Then we went looking for a narrator," says Gill, "and were extremely lucky to get Morgan Freeman, who lends so much credence, authority, warmth and storytelling quality to the piece."
There is clearly no formula for what makes a documentary speak to a particular audience, but the genre as a whole continues to reach new heights. "In terms of commercial accessibility, 2005 was a banner year for documentaries," says Dinerstein. "Films like 'March of the Penguins', 'Mad Hot Ballroom' and 'The Aristocrats' all broke onto the top ten grossing documentary film list. Interestingly enough, they each played to a very distinct audience." A quick check of the best reviewed movies of 2005 on rottentomatoes.com will reveal that critics are also highly tuned in to docs this year, as the top five highest rated titles on the list are all nonfiction films. The top two, both with a rating of 100%, are Daniel Gordon's "A State of Mind" and "Twist of Faith" by Kirby Dick, which had a combined box office tally of a mere $44,000.
"The diversity and the quality of docs just keeps increasing," says Urman. "As a result, they get more media coverage than ever - further proof that they have really made it - and this, in turn, further expands the audience. All in all, 2005 was an excellent year in documentary culture and, on the basis of some of the projects I see coming, I would say that 2006 will be another banner year."


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Well, I've looked right through this forum for information about Paint.NET, and I've found nothing.
If anyone is familiar with it I'd like to get some idea of what it can/cannot do.
Also, assuming it does what I want, I'd appreciate it if someone could provide me with a link/zipfile for a version 2.7 or earlier, cos the current version won't talk to anything prior to XP.
It's a free program so there shouldn't be any copyright issues with a zip.
Currently, I'm using MS Paint, but I've been outgrowing it for a while. I need a bit more functionality, but I really don't have time to learn the big programs.
Mainly, I want to create some tiles and objects with transparent backgrounds, cutting and pasting from drawings, photographs etc. Nothing very complex, but a bit more than MS Paint can handle.
If there are any alternatives that are One Small Step up from MSP I'd be pleased to hear about them, too.


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1 Park near West Bethel, Maine
Greenwood, Maine 12.46 miles SE
Brownfield, Maine 16.94 miles SE
West Bethel, Maine (map) | (207) 836-2000
Sites: 75 | Latest Rate: $30.00 | 1 Reviews
|Clean Restrooms:
|Clean Showers:
Sep 2012 - $30.00
Shore power 50 & 30amp, water 60psi, no sewer at most sites. There are two areas to stay. Sites in the back with lots of trees. These have plenty of room to park a large RV but they are mainly 30 amp, with water and no sewer. Satellite is possible but not easy. Sites that are up front are 50 amp in the middle and 30 amp on the back part with water but no sewer. Satellite is accessible in this area. The sites up front are flat but lower in the front toward the highway and good side to side. Very little grass around the newer sites up front. There is plenty of room for slides and awnings. Most sites are back in except those in the middle up front.They have a nice pool. Restrooms are small but nice and clean but it is in the middle of the back area in the trees. Did not see a laundry. If you want a rustic woodsy campsite this is a nice in the back. There is a small playground for children and a volleyball & badminton area. Campground Wi-Fi is available but doesn't look to be very strong, we use Verizon & Sprint air cards which work well. Roads are gravel and sand and little rough in the back among the trees. This is a nice place for a few days using most sites. The owners are nice and live in the house/office on the campground. We would stay here again. - TXBobcat


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JUN 29, 2013 - New York Times
A Must Read - Share
Republican strategists and presidential hopefuls, in ways subtle and overt, are eager to focus a spotlight on Hillary Rodham Clinton's age.
Editor's Picks
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YACHATS, Ore. (AP) — Oregon State Police SWAT team members have fatally shot a man they say was armed with a rifle when they encountered him as they watched a house in a remote area on the Oregon coast.
The Register-Guard reports that the Lane County sheriff's office identified the man killed late Thursday night as 18-year-old Samuel Mullane.
Troopers were assisting the Lincoln County sheriff's office after deputies learned that several men reportedly involved in a violent mid-May assault near Yachats (YA-hots) might be found at the rural, forested property.
State police say a man and a woman inside the house surrendered several hours later.
KVAL-TV reports the man was later taken into custody in connection with the assault investigation.
Three SWAT team members have been put on paid leave while the shooting is investigated.
Police said the area was about 7 miles east of U.S. 101 on the central coast.


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Godzilla's Secret Roar And 4 More Stories We Learned About The Upcoming Reboot At WonderCon
By Eric Eisenberg 2 years ago comments
The Hardest Part Of Making Godzilla Was Literally Making GodzillaTheres a hell of a lot of work that goes into the creation of a blockbuster on the scale of Godzilla. There has to be a script worthy of the devoted fanbase supporting the movie, there are hundreds of crew people who need to be recruited for very specific roles, and a collection of massive sets to not only build, but also completely destroy. This was nothing compared to what turned out to be the greatest challenge, however: actually deciding what Godzilla looks like.
Going into the project, Edwards thought that figuring out the look of the King of the Monsters would be an easy step, because everyone knows and has an opinion of what he looks like. It turned out those reasons were what actually made the design process such an obstacle. Ultimately, the director and his team decided that the best way to figure out what the new version of Godzilla would look like would be to construct an ideal silhouette of the beast, change a few things, rotate it, and then figure out the best appearance from all angles.
Back to top


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Definition: 'Margo Parietalis Ossis Frontalis'
margo parietalis ossis frontalisType: Term
Synonyms: parietal margin of frontal bone
The definition information for margo parietalis ossis frontalis is provided by Stedman's. You can search our medical dictionary here.
Stedman's, part of Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, provides a comprehensive line of health-science publications for healthcare professionals and medical students.
Medical Dictionary Copyright © 2006 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.


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This is the latest ballot in indieWIRE's 2008 Critics Poll, continuing the tradition of a national survey of critics by calling attention to the year's best -- and, in many cases, most overlooked -- films, providing a meaningful counterpoint to much of the year-end hoopla. Note that some lists are unranked at the discretion of the critic. For all categories except Best Undistributed Film, eligible feature films had first-run theatrical engagements in the U.S. during 2008. Films without a U.S. distributor, screened anywhere (festival circuit, one-off screenings, etc.), are eligible in the Best Undistributed Film category. The full list of critics poll ballots is available here at indieWIRE and tabulated results are being published by indieWIRE later this month.
Wesley Morris
Boston Globe
Best Film
2 - The Edge of Heaven
3 - Gomorrah
4 - Ballast
5 - Be Kind Rewind
6 - The Dark Knight
7 - Milk
8 - The Secret of the Grain
9 - Still Life
10 - The Class
Best Performance
1 - Sean Penn, Milk
2 - Tarra Riggs, Ballast
3 - Naomi Watts, Funny Games
4 - Juliette Binoche, Flight of the Red Balloon
5 - Sally Hawkins, Happy Go Lucky
Best Supporting Performance
1 - Hiam Abbas, The Visitor
2 - Marisa Tomei, The Wrestler
3 - Rosemarie DeWitt, Rachel Getting Married
4 - Karina Fernandez, Happy-Go-Lucky
5 - Heath Ledger, The Dark Knight
Best Director
Andrew Stanton, WALL -E
Best Screenplay
Andrew Stanton, WALL-E
Best First Feature
Best Documentary
The Order of Myths
Best Undistributed Film
1 - Secret Sunshine
2 - Woman on the Beach
3 - Useless
4 - Go-Go Tales
5 - 24 City
6 - Tyson
Note: NOT RANKED


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Sierra College offers degree pathway with a guarantee
Even though he's a Sierra College student now, Jordan Fay is ready to move on to bigger things.
Fay, 25, has been pursing a degree in psychology off and on since 2007. Now, he's close to completing his associate degree and will head to Sonoma State University this spring thanks to the Associate Degree for Transfer pathway.
Without the new Psychology for Transfer pathway, he would have waited until the fall 2013 semester to start at Sonoma.
"I wanted to stay in school fulltime until I was done, so I really didn't want to wait until the fall," Fay said.
Fay is one of around 20 students who are pursuing an Associate Degree for Transfer at Sierra College. There are 10 majors that can be obtained through the new pathway, ranging from art history to geology, or mathematics to political science.
Brooke Oliver, lead counselor for career and transfer connections, said Sierra offers more options for the Associate Degree for Transfer pathway than most community colleges.
"For students and counselors it makes life so much easier, especially those students who have to go between these colleges," Oliver said.
The Associate Degree for Transfer program stems from the Student Transfer Achievement Reform Act, or Senate Bill 1440, that brought the California Community Colleges and California State University together to make transferring between community colleges and the CSU system more streamlined.
"The Legislature charged community colleges with designing a more universal transfer pattern for students going into the CSU system," Oliver said.
The result has been the "degree with a guarantee," as the Associate Degree for Transfer is referred to by California Community Colleges and CSU at the informational website www.adegreewithaguarantee.com.
The guarantee is that students who complete an associate of arts or sciences will have a seat within the CSU system.
Fay, who lives in Roseville, wanted to attend CSU in Sacramento, but settled for Sonoma State University as an alternative because it meant he could transfer in the spring, rather than wait for the fall.
In the past, schools in the CSU system did not allow students to transfer in the spring from community colleges. With the addition of the Associate Degree for Transfer pathway, eight schools opened up to spring transfers this year, Oliver said.
Students who choose a major offered through an associate degree for transfer will avoid taking any unnecessary courses and be able to enter the CSU system as a junior. That means they need another 60 units to complete a bachelor's degree.
"With appropriate planning, they could potentially get out with a total of 120 units for a bachelor's degree," Oliver said.
Students who take advantage of the Associate Degree for Transfer pathway will also get the benefit of a "GPA bump," according to Oliver.
"If they were going in with a 2.9 (GPA) and they have that AA-T, they can get a .1 GPA bump to make them a little more competitive and that depends on the school and the major," Oliver said. "They're trying to build in as many benefits to getting one of these degrees as they can."


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This site is completely new and has been put together relatively quickly over the past few months. We manage and design the site ourselves and no-one in our group has any formal training in web design.
We want to make this site as good as it can be for visitors so we would be very grateful to hear any comments or suggestions as to how this site can be improved.
Please use the form below or send us an email.
Aerosol Mediated Gene Delivery
Target Cells for CF Gene Therapy


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Academic Hardship Withdrawal may be granted to a student who experiences non-academic emergencies which interfere or prevent the completion of coursework and cannot be resolved through traditional withdrawal methods. Typically, hardships (non-academic emergencies) tend to fall into one of three categories: medical, personal, and financial. Hardship withdrawals are not granted unless there is a compelling reason for such requests.
The Hardship Withdrawal process is not the appropriate venue to resolve or petition academic or financial matters (e.g., grades, tuition refunds). Such concerns must be addressed to the respective department. In addition, the Hardship Withdrawal process is not an alternative means to drop classes after the published drop date to remove unwanted grades or preclude resulting academic/financial aid actions (warning, probation, exclusion, etc.)
The following conditions apply to Academic Hardship Withdrawal:
- Students are not eligible for Hardship Withdrawals in any course in which they have completed the course requirements (e.g., taking the final exam or submitting the final project).
- Students must apply no more than four weeks into the following semester including the summer term. This applies whether or not the student is enrolled in the next semester.
- A Hardship Withdrawal may only be approved for one semester. Subsequent applications will not be considered.
To apply for a Hardship Withdrawal, the student must submit the following to the Office of the Dean of Student Development:
- A completed Academic Hardship Withdrawal Application.
- A written personal statement of hardship. The written personal statement of hardship should explain to the Academic Review Committee how and/or why the non-academic emergency impacted studies. It is essential that the student gives accurate details about the circumstances surrounding the hardship, date(s) of the emergency, and an account of how the situation specifically prevented the completion of coursework or withdrawing by the published deadline.
- Required supporting documentation:
Type-written correspondence on office letterhead from a physician, psychologist, psychiatrist, or any licensed healthcare professional should be submitted as part of the documentation. The letter should include the dates the student was under the doctor's care, a statement of how the illness/condition interfered with the completion of coursework, and the name-title-phone number of the office representative who can verify the authenticity of the letter. Notes on prescription pads, appointment slips, and/or medical consultation forms are not acceptable in lieu of a doctor's letter.
All family emergencies require official and/or notarized forms, documents, or correspondence from a state agency, governmental entity, or reputable business. For example, death of a close family relative requires a death certificate and/or obituary with the name/date of the publication.
Financial emergencies require the student's employer or supervisor to document the mandatory change(s), the date of the change(s), and the organizational representative who can verify the circumstances of the job change(s), preferably a human resource professional.
The Office of the Dean of Student Development will present all submitted paperwork to the Academic Review Committee. The committee will review the application and submitted paperwork and notify the student in writing of its decision within 30 days after the committee meets.


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Engineering major Larsen & Toubro has made big investments in defence and shipbuilding business to fuel its ambitions but the fledgling businesses are yet to take off as the government is yet to give significant orders to local private manufacturers.
MV Kotwal, whole-time director and president (heavy engineering) at L&T, told ET that the two businesses may clock revenue of $3 billion by 2020, although the pace of development is slow. Edited excerpts from the interview:


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Downton Abbey
Should Mary Have Said "Yes" to Lord Gillingham's Proposal? (POLL)
We're only a handful of episodes into Season 4 of Downton Abbey and somebody's already proposed! Not as surprising is the lady who inspired said matrimonial feelings. What can we say? There's just something about Lady Mary (Michelle Dockery).
In the January 19 episode, Lord Gillingham (Tom Cullen) decided to show his hand and ask Mary for hers. Although it's always difficult to tell how much time has passed at Downton Abbey, we give Tony maybe a week between when he first rekindled his relationship with Mary at the Crawley house party and got down on bended knee. And that's a high estimate.
Whether it was the brief length of time she knew him, her continued grief over losing Matthew, or other unspoken reasons, Mary's answer to Tony was clear: I'm not ready so you best move on with your life. Unfortunately (or, depending on your views of Gilly, fortunately) moving on likely means Tony getting married to another woman.
So what do you make of this latest Downton love affair? Should Mary have told her dashing new suitor 'yes' or was it all too fast? Take our poll below and be sure to check back here for the results.
Oh and if spoilers are your thing, we can actually tell you the status of Mary and Tony's relationship as of the end of Season 4. Quick hint: It's complicated.
See what your fellow readers said and feel free to keep on voting!
Guys, I just miss Matthew so much.
Um duh she should have said 'yes.' Look at him!


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Structural problems
Does Islam have the foundations for a free society? Does America?
Jihadist opponents of the elections in Iraq used not only bombs but theology to discourage Iraqis from voting. Democracy, the radical clerics said, is un-Islamic. Democracy is rule by man, the argument goes, but Muslims are to be ruled by God through the law of the Quran.
According to the al-Qaeda leader in Iraq Abu Musab al-Zarqawi, the democratic principles of majority rule and pluralism "allow infidelity and wrong practices to spread." "Democracy is also based on the right to choose your religion," he said, and this is "against the rule of God."
Democracy certainly violates everything the terrorists believe. The millions of Iraqis who poured out to vote, despite the threats from al-Zarqawi and company, demonstrate that Muslims too can yearn for democracy and freedom.
Still, if political systems grow out of worldviews, does Islam provide a worldview that can sustain a politically free society?
America's free democratic republic grew out of a biblically informed worldview, whose presuppositions are spelled out in the Declaration of Independence: "We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights, that among these are life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness."
The foundation for American liberties is the Creator who is the source of a transcendent moral law. The Creator "endowed" certain rights that are "unalienable"; that is, they cannot be taken away legitimately. They are part of a moral order that transcends the state. This opens up an important space for freedom, since individuals have access to a moral standard by which they can judge their leaders and their culture, and change them when necessary.
In underscoring these "self-evident truths," the Founders were building from a worldview. But they were not establishing a religion. Believing in a Creator and a moral order that transcends the state is a very minimal creed. It says nothing of sin and gives no way of salvation. But both Protestants and Catholics could agree on this much, as could such non-Christians as Jews and Deists, including Thomas Jefferson, who penned the words.
To determine if Islam is capable of building a similar political system, we might ask whether Muslims agree with those presuppositions?
Certainly, Muslims believe in a creator and in a transcendent moral law. This is the bedrock for a free society. These are convictions Iraqis can build on.
Equality might be a challenge. Under Islam only Muslims-not followers of other religions-can have full rights. The jihadists, who boast that "we love death the way [Americans] love life," do not believe in the right to life, but most Muslims do.
Islam tends to have a problem with "liberty." In Islam, the law is externalized. Morality depends on coercion, or of trying to make sin impossible (such as requiring women to be fully covered to prevent men from feeling lust). Islam does not allow for freedom of religion. The goal is to establish a divinized state, through the imposition of quranic law.
Christians believe that Christ's kingdom is not of this world, so that God can work through many kinds of government. But freedom grew up in Christian circles because the gospel breaks the bondage of sin and internalizes the moral law. As the Founders said, those who act morally of their own free will do not need a coercive state to keep them in line.
Perhaps the Iraqis' taste of freedom could lead them to changes in Islamic theology, to freedom of religion, and perhaps an openness to a religion that offers genuine freedom.
But as Iraqis begin their democracy, we Americans should check the cracks in our own foundation. Belief in a Creator and in a transcendent moral order are no longer deemed "self-evident," and many Americans do not believe in them at all. Our legal system acts as if rights were bestowed by the state, which can therefore create new rights and take away the old ones.
Muslims at least have a start in believing in a creator and in a transcendent moral order. Ironically, that is more than many Americans have these days. The question is not just whether Muslims have the foundations for a democracy. Do we?