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Cleveland-Cuyahoga County Port Authority Launches New Rail Loop
September 28, 2012
The Port of Cleveland held a ribbon-cutting today to mark the launch of a new rail loop that will provide better and more efficient service at the port, and improve access to markets throughout North America.
Filed under Press Releases, What's New
Standard & Poor's upgrades rating on Port Authority bonds
September 20, 2012
Standard & Poor's Ratings Services has given bonds issued through the Cleveland-Cuyahoga County Port Authority's Common Bond Fund program a BBB/Stable rating, stating that it views the program's enterprise risk profile as "strong."
Filed under Press Releases, What's New
eNewsletter: September 2012
William D. Friedman
President & CEO
September 7, 2012
Welcome to the inaugural issue of our e-newsletter. This is an exciting time for the Port as we advance new initiatives and help continue our community's momentum. Cleveland is in the midst of a surge in public and private development, and the Port is actively engages in these efforts.
We believe the Port is and must be a catalyst for job growth, economic vitality, and vibrant waterfronts. And we are strategically executing on that mission. For example, along the Cuyahoga River we are leading efforts to fix the 30-acre Franklin Hillside in Ohio City, which is slowly sliding into the river and threatens the ship channel that is vital to so many workers and companies. We are also helping to develop our community by securing private financing for projects such as the Flats East Bank complex.
On the lakefront we are working to create a busier port with more services for more companies, while consolidating our terminal operations to open additional land for the City of Cleveland's mixed-use development. Along both the riverfront and the lakefront we are pursuing public access projects to link the people of Cuyahoga County to these natural assets in new and inviting ways.
We will use this newsletter to keep you informed of our progress and showcase the successful efforts of our partners and others throughout the city and region. In each edition, we will highlight our maritime work in a section called "On the Docks," our environmental and infrastructure efforts in "Along the Water," and our economic development and finance projects in "In the Community."
These focus areas tie directly to the three fundamental themes that are at the heart of our 2011 Strategic Action Plan:
- Creating opportunities for job growth and business expansion;
- Developing civic assets by solving critical infrastructure challenges; and
- Managing the Port to maximize economic, environmental, and community benefits.
We continue to moving forward with our action plan, and we will regularly and transparently report on our progress. The Port has launched this newsletter not only to provide updates on our progress, but also to stimulate a dialogue with the public. As part of our public outreach we have also developed an improved website (portofcleveland.com) and will soon be engaged in new online conversations through The Civic Commons website (theciviccommons.com). And we will continue to look for more ways to enhance our lake and river, our economy, our environment, and our community.
Please feel free to contact me if you would like to discuss our newsletter or other Port work.
Did You Know?
- Nearly 18,000 jobs depend on Cleveland's Port-and-river maritime activities and investments
- More than $1 billion in family income annually is supported by Cleveland's maritime sector
- $112 million in local and state taxes are generated annually that help keep our communities safe, clean, and attractive
On the Docks
September 7, 2012
Port to better serve new and existing customers with new rail loop
A new rail loop on the Port's lakefront docks will soon give shippers improved service at the Port and better access to markets throughout North America. The loop will allow all cargo shipped through the Port to move on either the CSX or Norfolk Southern (NS) railroads, connecting the two sides of the Port's rail system for the first time.
"Getting the rail system right at the Port was a top priority since it was not working the way it should," said Port President and CEO Will Friedman. "We put a great deal of effort into understanding how rail can benefit our existing and future customers, and with the new rail loop, we can better position ourselves to serve more shippers."
Slightly more than a mile long, the rail loop is the Port's largest construction project in a decade and was built with help from the state, which provided approximately $3 million for the $4.5 million project. Cleveland Commercial Railroad Company (CCR), which operates 23 miles of railroad in the area, created a new subsidiary, the Cleveland Harbor Belt Railroad (CHB), to operate and market the new rail loop.
Friedman expects that by working with CHB, the Port and its customers will see a vast improvement in service levels and efficiencies. Smoothing out operations and providing better service should also boost the Port's direct marketing and help it attract a more diverse group of shipping customers.
Prior to the construction of the rail loop, virtually all cargo handled through the Port originated from or was destined for local companies. "You could draw a 75-mile ring around the Port with very few shipments extending beyond that point," Friedman said. With its dedicated railroad, the Port will compete for customers carrying over-sized and large volumes of cargo.
With the loop the Port has more than doubled its rail capacity – with room for at least 60 rail cars – giving more shippers the opportunity to use the Port to transport larger volumes. CHB will work with the Port, NS, and CSX to market to companies that need this type of service.
As the closest major U.S. port to the St. Lawrence Seaway system, which is the all-water route between Cleveland and the Atlantic Ocean, the Port of Cleveland will also serve as a transit point for cargo exiting the country. "The rail loop gives Cleveland a competitive edge because it can connect to anywhere in North America, but it also connects more shippers in North America to points in Northern Europe and beyond," said CCR's Chief Financial Officer Bill Brown.
The new rail loop is another example of the Port's focus on investing in its maritime operations to better serve new and existing customers, expand and strengthen its business, and continue to generate jobs and income for Greater Cleveland.
Along the Water
September 7, 2012
Great Lakes Restoration Conference Coming to Cleveland
Next week, the 8th Annual Great Lakes Restoration Conference comes to Cleveland and will showcase a series of successful hometown renewal projects.
The conference will take place September 11th through the 13th at The Renaissance Cleveland Hotel. The conference is one of three separate but related events that will occur as part of Great Lakes Week. It is expected to bring together more than 350 citizens, professionals, scholars, conservationists, and public officials from areas in and around the Great Lakes to learn about and discuss innovative restoration initiatives, network with each other, and develop strategies to advance federal, regional, and local restoration goals and policies. The Port is pleased to help sponsor the conference, which ties into our strategic intent to be a steward to our lake and river, and advance an environmentally sound and sustainable agenda.
"We're excited about returning to Cleveland," said Jeff Skelding, campaign director of the Healing Our Waters-Great Lakes Coalition, which is organizing the Restoration Conference. "Cleveland has been at the center of iconic triumphs and challenges in the effort to restore the Great Lakes — from the comeback of the Cuyahoga River and resurrection of Lake Erie to the proliferation of new threats including invasive species and excessive nutrients. The city offers powerful examples of how restoration programs produce results — and the ongoing work that needs to be done to restore the Lakes before the problems get worse and more costly."
The conference will feature numerous lecture sessions, panel discussions, breakout sessions, and field trips that highlight Cleveland's important role in the health of the Great Lakes. The Port will make a presentation on the development of our Sustainable Sediment Management Plan. Every year, sediment is dredged from the Cuyahoga River to maintain the depth of the ship channel, and then placed as waste into landfills. Our aim is to instead use this sediment as a resource to benefit the community on projects ranging from brownfield redevelopment to roadway construction.
Conference attendees will also take a boat tour of the North Coast Harbor and the ship channel with Port staff members that will highlight our work – as well as the work of others — from a unique vantage.
For more information about the 8th Annual Great Lakes Restoration Conference, please visit healthylakes.org.
New Port work boats will soon begin removing floating debris from Cleveland Harbor
If you happen to pass the Cuyahoga River later this month, keep an eye open for Flotsam and Jetsam, the Port's two new, custom-designed work vessels that will soon be removing floating debris from the Cuyahoga River ship channel and the downtown Lake Erie shoreline.
The Port – working with the staff of the Cuyahoga River Remedial Action Plan – received a $425,160 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency grant last year to build the boats, which will work in tandem to collect and remove a wide range of floating debris from tree limbs to plastic bottles. This debris is more than an eyesore – it can be a problem for the commercial vessels that use the ship channel daily, as well as for recreational boaters and wildlife.
Why the names Flotsam and Jetsam? To quote Jim White, the Port's director of Sustainable Infrastructure Programs: "You are what you eat." Jim also developed the design concept for the boats. Research dating back to 1999 made two things clear: too much urban debris was entering the river, and natural debris was finding its way into the shipping channel from natural riverbank erosion. While these types of debris are unavoidable in waterways, the Port made it a priority to develop methods for cleanup as well as solutions with long-term economic, environmental and community benefits.
What makes Flotsam and Jetsam the right boats to get the job done is a unique and innovative design that allows them to nimbly navigate the tight spaces of Cleveland's famously crooked river—work that large-scale debris harvester vessels used at several ports along the East Coast cannot perform.
Flotsam will work as the excavator, scooping up debris with a shovel and then placing it in the "Bagster" containers that Jetsam will carry. The debris will then be transferred to pre-determined sites along the shore for pickup. Flotsam won't be the only one doing the heavy lifting; Jetsam will have a specially built crane that can grab larger, heavier pieces of debris, such as tires and logs. From April through October (weather depending), the boats will be on the water daily with a combined crew of 4-6 members. They are expected to remove between 400-800 cubic yards of debris annually, an amount that could fill as many as 53 dump trucks.
With this new clean-up team in action, the Port continues to create ways of making our lake and river more attractive, active, and inviting for everyone.
Fast facts on Flotsam and Jetsam
Flotsam is the marine term for debris that floats off sinking vessels or falls into the water (such as trees upriver). Jetsam is the marine term for items that are thrown into the water.
The vessels are 25'10" length x 11' wide (beam).
They are aluminum, have diesel powered outdrives, and weigh about 17,000 lbs. each.
Their service speed is 6.5 knots an hour.
They are designed to tow a 250-foot floating boom that will be able to regularly sweep the river of floating debris.
In the Community
September 7, 2012
Migration Mania at the Cleveland Lakefront Nature Preserve
The Port is inviting the community to a Fall Migration Mania celebration on September 22nd at the Cleveland Lakefront Nature Preserve, a unique wildlife habitat on the lakeshore and in the city.
The event will be held from 7:30 a.m. until noon and will showcase the fall bird migration during guided hikes led by environmentalists along the Preserve's 1.3-mile loop trail. In addition, the Cleveland Museum of Natural History (CMNH) will bring live indigenous animals, such as red-tailed hawks, black rat snakes, and opossums, and discuss these and other wildlife found on the Preserve. Admission and parking at this event and the Preserve are always free.
"The Preserve is a perfect place to encounter nature," said Harvey Webster, who is director of the Wildlife Resource Center at CMNH and will speak at the Sept. 22 event. "Millions of birds pass through annually, using the Preserve as a staging area on their way south – a nice little rest stop for them with shelter and lots of food. Migration Mania is a great way to see and learn more about them, other animals in the area, and the Preserve in general."
Located on Lake Erie's shoreline near downtown Cleveland, the Preserve is an 88-acre man-made peninsula and wildlife habitat where more than 300 species of birds have been seen, along with more than 40 species of butterflies, and animals including coyotes, foxes, reptiles and deer.
Formerly a landfill for river sediment known as Dike 14, the site had previously been open to visitors only a few times each year. But the Port opened it on a daily basis this year to create new opportunities for public access to nature and the lakefront. The diverse mix of habitats includes grasslands, a forest area, meadows, mudflats, shrub lands, and wetlands. Audubon Ohio has designated the site as an Important Bird Area.
Since the February opening, the site has had more than 11,000 visits. "The Preserve has been a great draw with a wide reach," said Linda Sternheimer, the Port's development manager. "In less than eight months, people from 13 countries and 36 states have visited."
This year's Migration Mania marks the ninth annual event, evidence of the longtime commitment to the Preserve by Greater Cleveland's environmental community. Nearly 10 years ago, area organizations formed the Environmental Education Collaborative (EEC) to promote the use of Dike 14 as a site for recreation, bird watching, and learning, particularly for urban children who lacked exposure to nature.
A change in leadership at the Port in 2010 brought a new commitment to opening the Preserve for daily visits and managing it as a civic asset "We saw the great value this beautiful natural setting could provide for our community, and are committed to helping them enjoy it and serving as steward for this unique asset," said Will Friedman, President and CEO of the Port. "We encourage the public to enjoy the Preserve not only during Migration Mania, but year round."
Webster echoed Friedman's comments: "It's really unprecedented to have 88 acres of prime lakefront land devoted to preserving and enjoying nature," Webster said. "When you walk along 'the beak' point of the peninsula at the furthest west point, you can take in a commanding view of the downtown skyline. But in most spots, you feel as if you are in the wild. It's just tremendous what has happened here, and everyone should experience it."
The Port's financing programs: Two decades of supporting development
As we approach the 20th anniversary of our first foray into the world of development financing, the Port is proud to have secured nearly $2 billion for projects in Cleveland and our region.
Our first project was a big one for Cleveland —The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Museum. In 1993, the Port teamed with leaders of the Rock Hall, offering our help to provide key financing needed to construct the iconic building at North Coast Harbor. The Port stepped up then and has been doing so ever since, becoming a partner in dozens of development, redevelopment, and expansion projects that have created new employment and preserved existing jobs while helping to develop key community assets.
The Port's economic development and financing work has supported projects in a range of sectors including: medical, industrial, civic, the arts, professional sports, and education. These projects stretch from Cleveland's downtown and neighborhoods to surrounding suburban communities including Euclid, Westlake, and Independence.
We have worked with a broad range of companies including Jergens, Inc., Applied Industrial Technologies, Heidtman Steel Products, Inc., Eaton Corporation, and Swagelok. And our development finance programs have also supported key civic assets around the community such as The Cleveland Clinic, The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland Browns Stadium, and Cleveland State University.
With a long history of diverse and successful financing, the Port has established creative methods to provide development funding for the community it serves. As we complete our second decade of financing projects, we look forward to continuing this important work as a key partner for development in Northeast Ohio.
For a more in-depth look at these and other projects, please click here:
Project Summaries:
Map of Projects:


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Racial justice training and/or individual consultations
If you are seeking support or additional resources in your congregation or governing body toward achieving parity for racial justice in the church, please email Sera Chung for further information, assistance or to arrange for a consultation.
Building the Beloved Community Building the Beloved Community - Building the Beloved Community is an exercise in cultural awareness. The training is designed to assist individuals, mid councils (MGBs), and congregations with their effort to understand the dynamics of privilege and systemic racism. The objective is self-awareness and personal growth. Historical and contemporary understandings of how injustice, power, and privilege impact society are explored in dialogue. (Course available in 6 Hour Full Training, a 4 Hour Course, and a 2 Hour Introductory Seminar)
Faces of the Enemy – A guided discussion based upon the work of Sam Keen author of the documentary "Faces of the Enemy." This course explores enemy making, the media, propaganda, racism, and war. (3 Hour Course)
Gender, Race and Class: Exploring Intersectionality - Participants will explore the ways in which class and gender intersect with systemic racism in their own lives and in the social organizations and institutions in which they participate. (4 Hour Course)
Internalized Oppression - This four hour course uses biblical characters to explore the effects of internalized oppression. Participants are led through a series of exercises for self discovery and empowerment. The objective is building healthier self esteems, teaching how to embrace the power of forgiveness, gaining self-determination, and living with self-love. (4 Hour Course)
Power and Privilege – Understanding power and privilege is the first principal in changing attitudes about sexism and gender justice. Power and privilege determines who is at the table. Who has access and who has decision making power. This workshop explores these issues and creates a safe place to discuss how they affect our lives and church. (2 Hour Course)
Worship Where Faith and Culture Meet - This 90 minute workshop includes an introduction to African American, Latino/Latina, Asian, Middle Eastern, Native American, and Euro-American cultures in the United States. Common features typically found in the various group's worship services are discussed and explored. The workshop will include a 30 minute lecture, breakout discussion, an article review, and small group story sharing. (1.5 hour Course)
Cultural Proficiency 101 - will include an overview of the three Gender and Racial Justice components (anti-racism, anti-sexism and power and privilege). Participants will learn the art of welcoming the stranger by naming their own fears and learning new ways to building the beloved community. Given that the North American society is becoming more diverse in terms of culture, class, ethnicity, and that women's issues are becoming increasingly important as well. This class is a must for those who desire to be able to minister and evangelize effectively in this new post-Christian, postmodern age.


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BollywoodNewsWorld.com, Bollywood heartthrob John Abraham is so passionate about his bikes that he treats them like his babies.
John is a proud owner of the Yamaha R1 1000cc and V-MAX 1700 cc bikes, and often goes out for a ride late at night and has an in-depth, extensive knowledge about the engines.
"They're the most powerful machines in the country…in the world, because they belong to me! They are my babies," John said on BIG CBS Prime show "India's Sexiest Bachelor".
The episode will be aired Sep 10.
His biking passion has also made John record the sound of his Yamaha R1 and store it as his ringtone.
Meanwhile, the actor is gearing up for the release of his new film "Force", where he plays the role of a cop. The film, slated for release Sep 30, also stars Genelia D'Souza in the lead.


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Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries, OPEC
OPEC is an international Organization of eleven developing countries which are heavily reliant on oil revenues as their main source of income. Membership is open to any country which is a substantial net exporter of oil and which shares the ideals of the Organization. The current Members are Algeria, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and Venezuela.
Since oil revenues are so vital for the economic development of these nations, they aim to bring stability and harmony to the oil market by adjusting their oil output to help ensure a balance between supply and demand. Twice a year, or more frequently if required, the Oil and Energy Ministers of the OPEC Members meet to decide on the Organization's output level, and consider whether any action to adjust output is necessary in the light of recent and anticipated oil market developments.
OPEC's eleven Members collectively supply about 40 per cent of the world's oil output, and possess more than three-quarters of the world's total proven crude oil reserves. More details can be found in the FAQ on OPEC, and in the sections on the individual Member Countries, which feature tables with selected oil, gas and economic data.
FAQs about OPEC
What is OPEC?
OPEC is an international Organization of 11 oil-exporting developing nations that co-ordinates and unifies the petroleum policies of its Member Countries. OPEC seeks to ensure the stabilization of oil prices in international oil markets with a view to eliminating harmful and unnecessary fluctuations, due regard being given at all times to the interests of oil-producing nations and to the necessity of securing a steady income for them; an efficient, economic and regular supply of petroleum to consuming nations; and a fair return on their capital to those investing in the petroleum industry.
When was OPEC formed?
OPEC was formed at a meeting held on September 14, 1960 in Baghdad, Iraq, by five Founder Members: Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia and Venezuela. OPEC was registered with the United Nations Secretariat on November 6, 1962 (UN Resolution No 6363).
Who are the OPEC Member Countries?
The OPEC Statute stipulates that: "any country with a substantial net export of crude petroleum, which has fundamentally similar interests to those of Member Countries, may become a Full Member of the Organization, if accepted by a majority of three-fourths of Full Members, including the concurring votes of all Founder Members". The Statute further distinguishes between three categories of membership: Founder Member, Full Member and Associate Member. Founder Members of the Organization are those countries which were represented at OPEC's first Conference, held in Baghdad, Iraq, in September 1960, and which signed the original agreement establishing OPEC. Full Members are the Founder Members, plus those countries whose applications for membership have been accepted by the Conference. An Associate Member is a country which does not qualify for full membership, but which is nevertheless admitted under such special conditions as may be prescribed by the Conference.
Click for more detailed information on the OPEC Member Countries.
There are currently 11 OPEC Member Countries:
Country Joined OPEC Location Algeria 1969 Africa Indonesia 1962 Asia IR Iran 1960* Middle East Iraq 1960* Middle East Kuwait 1960* Middle East SP Libyan AJ 1962 Africa Nigeria 1971 Africa Qatar 1961 Middle East Saudi Arabia 1960* Middle East United Arab Emirates 1967 Middle East Venezuela 1960* South America * Founder Members
How does OPEC function?
Representatives of OPEC Member Countries (Heads of Delegation) meet at the OPEC Conference to co-ordinate and unify their petroleum policies in order to promote stability and harmony in the oil market. They are supported in this by the OPEC Secretariat, directed by the Board of Governors and run by the Secretary General, and by various bodies including the Economic Commission and the Ministerial Monitoring Committee.
The Member Countries consider the current situation and forecasts of market fundamentals, such as economic growth rates and petroleum demand and supply scenarios. They then consider what, if any, changes they might make in their petroleum policies. For example, in previous Conferences the Member Countries have decided variously to raise or lower their collective oil production in order to maintain stable prices and steady supplies to consumers in the short, medium and longer term.
What is the OPEC Conference?
The Conference is the supreme authority of the Organization, and consists of delegations normally headed by Their Excellencies the Ministers of Oil, Mines and Energy of Member Countries. The Conference generally meets twice a year, in March and September, and in extraordinary sessions whenever required. It operates on the principle of unanimity and one Member, one vote. It is responsible for the formulation of the general policy of the Organization and the determination of the appropriate ways and means of its implementation.
The Conference also decides upon applications for membership of the Organization, and on reports and recommendations submitted by the Board of Governors on the affairs of the Organization. It approves the appointment of Governors from each Member Country and elects the Chairman of the Board. Moreover, the Conference directs the Board to submit reports or make recommendations on any matter of interest to the Organization, and considers and decides upon the Organizations budget, as submitted to it by the Board.
Who are the Heads of Delegation?
The Heads of Delegation to OPEC are the official representatives of each Member Country to the OPEC Conference. They are therefore normally Their Excellencies the Ministers of Oil, Mines and Energy of Member Countries.
What is the Board of Governors?
The Board of Governors, or BoG, can be compared to the board of directors of a commercial organization. The BoG is composed of Governors nominated by Member Countries and confirmed by the Conference for two years. The Board directs the management of the Organization; implements Resolutions of the Conference; draws up the Organizations annual budget and submits it to the Conference for approval. It also decides upon any reports submitted by the Secretary General and submits reports and recommendations to the Conference on the affairs of the Organization.
The role of the Board of Governors is discussed in Article 20 of the OPEC Statute (below).
"The Board of Governors shall:
- Direct the management of the affairs of the Organization and the implementation of the decisions of the Conference;
- Consider and decide upon any reports submitted by the Secretary General;
- Submit reports and make recommendations to the Conference on the affairs of the Organization;
- Draw up the Budget of the Organization for each calendar year and submit it to the Conference for approval;
- Nominate the Auditor of the Organization for a duration of one year;
- Consider the Statement of Accounts and the Auditor's Report and submit them to the Conference for approval;
- Approve the appointment of Directors of Divisions and Heads of Departments, upon nomination by Member Countries, due consideration being given to the recommendations of the Secretary General;
- Convene an Extraordinary Meeting of the Conference; and
- Prepare the Agenda for the Conference.
What is the Economic Commission?
The Economic Commission is a specialized body operating within the framework of the Secretariat, with a view to assisting the Organization in promoting stability in the international oil market. The Commission is composed of a Commission Board, National Representatives, and a Commission staff. The Commission Board consists of the Secretary General, the National Representatives appointed by the Member Countries, and a Commission Co-ordinator (who is ex-officio the Director of the Research Division).
What is the Ministerial Monitoring Committee?
The Ministerial Monitoring Committee (MMC) was established in March 1982 by the 63rd (Extraordinary) Meeting of the Conference. The MMC is chaired by the President of the Conference and comprises all the Heads of Delegation. The MMC meets periodically to monitor the market situation and to recommend to the Conference any measures that might be taken.
What is the Ministerial Monitoring Sub-Committee?
The Ministerial Monitoring Sub-Committee (MMSC) was established in February 1993 by the 10th Meeting of the Ministerial Monitoring Committee in order to monitor oil production and exports by Member Countries. The MMSC comprises three Heads of Delegation and the Secretary General.
What is the OPEC Secretariat?
The OPEC Secretariat functions as the Headquarters of OPEC. It is responsible for carrying out the executive functions of the Organization, in accordance with the provisions of the Statute and under the direction of the Board.
The Secretariat consists of the Secretary General, and the Research Division headed by the Director of Research, and comprising the Petroleum Market Analysis, Energy Studies and Data Services Departments. Other functions include the PR & Information Department, the Administration & Human Resources Department, and the Office of the Secretary General.
The Secretariat was originally established in Geneva, Switzerland, in 1961 but it was moved to Vienna, Austria, in 1965. The 8th (Extraordinary) OPEC Conference approved the Host Agreement with the Austrian Government in April 1965, prior to the opening of the OPEC Secretariat in Vienna on September 1, 1965.
Why does OPEC set oil production quotas?
The OPEC Statute requires OPEC to pursue stability and harmony in the petroleum market for the benefit of both oil producers and consumers.
To this end, OPEC Member Countries respond to market fundamentals and forecast developments by co-ordinating their petroleum policies. Production limits are simply one possible response. If demand grows, or some oil producers are producing less oil, OPEC can increase its oil production in order to prevent a sudden rise in prices. OPEC might also reduce its oil production in response to market conditions in order to counter falling prices.
What is OPEC's current production ceiling?
OPEC's crude oil production ceiling and individual Member Country output limits are set out in the official Press Releases. For details of the current output ceiling, see Press Releases 4/2001.
Can an OPEC Member Country change its rate of oil production?
OPEC is an international Organization that aims to co-ordinate the production policies of its Member Countries through consensus decision-making.
Each Member Country retains absolute sovereignty over its oil production. Member Countries agree by unanimous vote on any such production ceilings and their allocation to the respective Member Countries.
Does OPEC control the oil market?
No, OPEC does not control the oil market. OPEC Member Countries produce about 41 per cent of the world's crude oil and 15 per cent of its natural gas.
However, OPEC's oil exports represent about 55 per cent of the oil traded internationally. Therefore, OPEC can have a strong influence on the oil market, especially if it decides to reduce or increase its level of production.
OPEC seeks stability in the oil market and endeavours to deliver steady supplies of oil to consumers at fair and reasonable prices. The Organization has achieved this in a number of ways: sometimes by voluntarily producing less oil, sometimes by producing more when there is a shortfall in supplies (such as during the Gulf Crisis in 1990, when several million barrels of oil per day were suddenly removed from the market).
How does OPEC oil production affect oil prices?
The Oil and Energy Ministers of the OPEC Member Countries meet at least twice every year to co-ordinate their oil production policies in light of market fundamentals, ie, the likely future balance between demand and supply. The Member Countries, represented by their respective Heads of Delegation, may or may not alter production levels during these regular Meetings and any Extraordinary Meetings of the OPEC Conference. Given that OPEC Countries produce about 41 per cent of the world's oil and 55 per cent of the oil traded internationally, any decisions to increase or reduce production may lower or raise the price of crude oil.
The impact of OPEC output decisions on crude oil prices should be considered separately from the issue of changes in the prices of oil products, such as gasoline or heating oil. There are many factors that influence the prices paid by end consumers for of oil products. In some countries taxes comprise 70 per cent of the final price paid by consumers, so even a major change in the price of crude oil might have only a minor impact on consumer prices.
How does OPEC influence world trade?
OPEC is mostly involved in the oil market, but it has long been aware of the need for improvements in world trade.
Back in 1975, OPEC was part of the calls for the creation of a new international economic order based on justice, mutual understanding and a genuine concern for the well-being of all people of the world. OPEC also called on the industrialised and developing countries to get together in order to solve the problems facing the poor countries and to look for a way to establish a better economic system by allowing more trade and more exchange of knowledge between developing and OECD countries.
The OPEC Member Countries established the OPEC Fund For International Development in 1976 in order to assist non-OPEC developing countries to improve their economies, including their trade. The OPEC Fund has so far committed itself to loans or grants totalling more than $4 billion. The OPEC Fund has been active in many regions, including Asia, Africa, Latin America, the Middle East and the Caribbean. The OPEC Fund has supported a range of different types of projects, from providing clean water and energy to remote communities, to building houses, schools, hospitals and roads and developing industry, farming and trade opportunities.
OPEC also assists in other ways: by supporting developing countries' efforts to help themselves; by helping to remove trade barriers in individual countries and on an international level, for instance through the World Trade Organization; and by helping the world to maintain a strong economic system, based on steady supplies of oil at a reasonable price.
OPEC cannot do this alone. It has been working hard to encourage other oil producers to co-operate in the oil market, and therefore to help preserve the balance of the world economy.
When these different countries finally realise that we all depend upon each other for trade, investment and a healthy life, then we shall all enjoy the full benefit of co-operation and improving economies, not only in the developing world, but in the industrialised world as well.
What are OPEC's proven crude oil reserves?
At the end of 1999, OPEC had proven reserves of 811,526 million barrels of crude oil, representing 77.8 per cent of the world total of 1,042,536 million barrels. Source: OPEC Annual Statistical Bulletin 1999.
What is OPEC's attitude towards fuel-efficient cars?
OPEC is happy to see improvements in transportation technology to make it cleaner, safer and more efficient. We would like more people to enjoy the benefits of personal mobility and to do this in an environmentally sustainable manner.
Oil is a precious, limited resource and we want people to value it accordingly.
Does OPEC support environmental policies?
OPEC supports sound environmental policies that are fair and equitable, based on proven needs and designed to address those needs.
OPEC is concerned about the environment and we want to ensure that it is clean and healthy for future generations.
OPEC also supports sustainable economic development, which requires steady supplies of energy at reasonable prices. Many countries have already introduced heavy taxes on oil products. In some countries, the price that motorists pay for gasoline is three or four times higher than the price of the original crude oil. Taxes account for 70 per cent or more of the final price of oil products in some countries.
As a result of these oil taxes, some of the oil-consuming countries (especially those in Europe where taxation levels are highest) receive much more income from oil than OPEC does.
OPEC is concerned that many of the so-called 'green' taxes that are currently levied on oil do not specifically help the environment. Instead, the simply go into government budgets to be spent on other things. Taxes might lead to instability in the oil industry, creating problems for many countries and industries.
Industrialised countries are developing policies to limit the use of fossil fuels in order to reduce their emissions of carbon dioxide. Many are already levying heavy taxes, particularly on oil products. Yet studies have shown that OECD members could cut their carbon dioxide emissions by 12 per cent by 2010 and still maintain their tax revenues, if they adopted a pro rata tax system that levies tax on all forms of energy according to their carbon content.
OPEC is concerned that some countries may impose environmental and taxation policies that are harmful to those who rely on fossil fuels for a substantial part of their income.
Some countries with high oil taxes actually subsidise domestic coal production, yet coal produces more carbon dioxide than oil. Carbon dioxide is one of the greenhouse gases which are believed to contribute to global warming.
OPEC is worried about discriminatory oil taxes because we are committed to providing a stable petroleum market.
We need to invest in oil exploration and development in order to have production capacity available as demand rises in the years ahead, but we also need to be sure that there will be enough demand for that oil and that we will get a reasonable price.
If we do not invest in expanding oil production capacity before it is needed, the world could face sudden price shocks, leading to serious global economic problems.
OPEC is also concerned that many of the environmental policies now being proposed and adopted do not have the full support of the scientific community. There is still considerable debate about the impact of global warming, and how it can best be addressed. OPEC supports further research into these important issues.
OPEC is also spending heavily to improve its environmental impact, by locating sources of higher quality oil and gas, by developing cleaner fuels for consumers, and by reducing the impact of its activities through safer, cleaner drilling, transportation and refining processes.
OPEC also participates in many international meetings in order to remind governments and others who are debating environmental policies that they must consider the needs of developing countries, especially those that rely on their income from oil.
Can OPEC guarantee the security of oil supplies?
Yes, in the right conditions, OPEC can provide an increasing amount of oil to meet the expected growth of global oil demand. OPEC currently produces about 40 per cent of the world's crude oil, but that is forecast to grow to more than 50 per cent in the next quarter of a century.
OPEC has a policy of maintaining stability in the oil market, and its Member Countries have often done this by increasing or decreasing the amount of oil they produce. Only OPEC nations have any significant spare oil production capacity, and this enables them to increase production at relatively short notice. However, because OPEC is not the only source of oil in the market, it cannot guarantee the movement of oil prices, or the availability of supplies to all consumers at all times.
OPEC has over 77 per cent of the world's oil reserves, and this will enable us to expand oil production to meet the growth in demand. But in order to expand our output, we need to be sure that the oil industry will continue to be profitable. Oil producers invest billions of dollars in exploration and infrastructure (drilling and pumping, pipelines, docks, storage, refining, staff housing, etc) and a new oil field can take 3-10 years to locate and develop.
If oil producers do not invest enough money and do it far enough in advance, then the world could face a shortage of oil supplies in future.
Therefore, OPEC is concerned about issues that undermine the prosperity of the oil industry and thus threaten the security of world oil supplies. One such issue is oil taxation in the consuming countries.
Oil taxes reduce the incomes of oil producers, and limit the funds they have available for maintenance, exploration and production activities.
Oil taxes also limit the growth in oil demand and raise costs for other industries. As a result, oil producers and other investors are unsure of the future development of oil prices and profits, and they might hesitate from making the necessary investments.
Although OPEC does try to maintain stability and to invest in a timely manner, our efforts to guarantee the security of oil supplies can be undermined - or supported - by the actions of oil consumers.
Is there any need for security of oil demand?
Yes, oil consumers need steady supplies of oil, and oil producers rely on steady demand. If demand changed suddenly it would have a major impact on the profitability of oil producers and the economies of many countries around the world.
Oil production is a long-term affair: the oil industry works 24 hours a day, 365 days a year, excluding maintenance or bad weather and other disruptions. Oil facilities require many millions of dollars of investment, and the investors try to earn a reasonable return on their capital.
A downturn in oil demand could force oil production to slow down or stop. This could physically damage the oil fields, reducing the amount of oil that can be recovered in future. The oil installations could also be damaged. Some facilities, such as those operating in the oceans, are very difficult and expensive to shut down.
When production slows down, oil producers might be forced to lay off staff. Downstream operators, such as gasoline retailers, refiners and transport companies, could also be forced to shed staff.
If oil producers receive lower incomes they must spend less money and import fewer goods from oil consumers. If investors are unsure about the risks and the likely returns from petroleum investments they may not make those investments. If we do not invest enough money, or do it far enough in advance, then the world could face a shortage of oil supplies and a downward spiral in the global economy.
However, if oil producers continue to receive reasonable prices and stable demand, they will maintain their production and invest far enough in advance to meet the growth of demand.
Thus the security of oil supplies relies upon the security of oil demand. Oil producers - and oil consumers - need to work together to ensure that the security of oil supply and demand are preserved.
- The Role of OPEC in the 21st Century, by Dr. Rilwanu Lukman, Secretary General, Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries
also in PDF
- OPEC Annual Report 2000, in ZIP
- OPEC Annual Report 1999, in ZIP
- OPEC Annual Report 1998, in ZIP
© 2000 Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries
Obere Donaustrasse 93, A-1020 Vienna, Austria.
Tel: (+43 1) 21112 279 Fax: (+43 1) 214 9827


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The interest in wine tours has picked up in Nashik, the countrys wine bowl, with promotions in full swing for the upcoming Grape Harvest 2014 festival, which will be held between February 14 and February 16. Over 100 bookings have been received for the 3-day period as opposed to 20-30 bookings for wine tours in Nashik on a monthly basis, says Manoj Jagtap, coordinator, All India Wine Producers Association.
The Indian Grape Processing Board (IGPB) and India Wine Producers Association, with the support of government agencies, will be hosting Grape Harvest 2014 at the Vinchur Wine Park in Nashik district. Jagtap, a veteran of Nashik's wine industry, has been conducting wine tours alongside making wine accessories and preservation systems for wineries in Nashik.
"Wine tours have been gaining popularity over the last two-three years among the young and upwardly mobile, who are showing a preference for wine. Wine is being seen as a healthier option as well, he said. The interest this time has increased because of the add-ons that would come with the festival. A normal wine tour would include a visit to eight wineries in the Vinchur Wine Park. The maximum number of wineries in the country are located in Nashik district. There are 93 wineries in the country, and Maharashtra has 75 of them.
Jagdish Holkar, chairman, IGPB, who is in Delhi to promote the festival, says wine tours are a great way to connect with the consumer. Wine-tasting allows the consumer to understand wines better and wine tours offer a unique experience, something they would normally never opt for, he explained.
Nilesh Kale, owner of Black Grape Holidays, which conducts culinary tours to Europe and wine tours to Nashik, says he is witnessing greater interest from wine lovers as far as such tours are concerned. His company has been conducting such tours to Nashua for the last three years and, on an average, hosts 10-12 couples a week. For the Sulawesi, we usually book 100-150 rooms and the fest by itself has around 10,000 visitors, he says. Grover Zampa Vineyards and York Winery, Fratelli Wines from Akluj are among others to have set up wine-tasting rooms and some of them are in the process of setting up residential facilities, Kale said.


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aw ya chek owt dis awsumness rite hurr
I am willing to draw anything~!
30 single character color sketch ON PAPER (pen/sharpie)
50 single character full ink and color ON PAPER
15 custom adoptable full color ON PAPER
20 single color sketch ON TABLET
80 torso sketch full color/simple shading/background ON TABLET
These are the prices for 1 character; doubled for 2 characters, tripled for 3 ect.
Not started
Progress in inking
Progress in coloring
Almost done, just a few more details
Finished, not posted
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AT Lin and Ida icons
COMM ink and color of Alcoholica NOT YET PAID
COMM sad red Khalona pen sketch IZ style NOT YET PAID
Stuff I'm owed
COMM Adorable BJ PAID
AT Smeet BJ eating pancakes
AT FlukeXMay
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Want to see my face? photographybymay.deviantart.co…
Stellar artists:


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Call Now! 800-498-1750
Not all hardwood flooring is created equal, which is more than obvious when you look at the wide range of flooring costs out there. Why are there such differences in the cost of hardwood flooring? A lot of factors come into play that affect the final cost of your flooring, but one of the fundamental factors is the type of hardwood. You have many choices in the type of hardwood flooring you want for your home, including engineered vs. solid hardwood flooring, and unfinished vs. factory flooring. Here we break down a comparison of costs on these types of hardwood flooring.
Matchup #1 - Engineered vs. Solid Hardwood Flooring
If you ever want to take part in a lively debate, ask a homebuilder his preference between engineered vs. solid hardwood flooring. Many people in this industry have a strong feeling toward one option over the other. Here, we'll give you the information so that you can make up your own mind.
Solid hardwood flooring has been a staple flooring option for centuries, and for good reason. Wood enthusiasts love the richness of solid hardwood, which can come in many wood varieties, including highly sought-after exotic woods. Solid wood can be refinished many times (more than engineered wood), helping it to last an extremely long time. People with pets and children tend to want solid hardwood flooring because of its reputation for durability. However, most, if not all, hardwood flooring needs to (or should) be professionally installed.
Engineered hardwood flooring is made of wood layers, with the top (decorative) layer being the wood you chose, while the sub-surface layers are made of what some people might call "scrap" wood. Scrap isn't really a fair word here, though, because the three to five layers of hardwood beneath that decorative surface are bonded together under tremendous heat and pressure, providing you with an extremely durable, long lasting floor.
Because of the way engineered hardwood is made, it's by far a more environmentally friendly product than solid hardwood, seeing that one tree of the desired ornamental wood can supply a lot more flooring than in solid hardwood.
Engineered hardwood can be installed virtually anywhere in your home because its layers help withstand moisture. This type of flooring can also be installed over radiant floor heating.
If budget is your chief determining factor, then the clear winner is engineered hardwood flooring. On average, you'll find you spend less on engineered hardwood than you do on solid hardwood. The fact that you can install it (on your own, if you choose) essentially anywhere in your home just so happens to be an added benefit.
When might you prefer to go with hardwood? If you anticipate wanting the same floor for decades upon decades (like passing your family home onto your children) then hardwood not only will likely outlast engineered hardwood, but also adds to the "history" of your home.
Winner of comparison of hardwood scenario 1 – Engineered hardwood.
Click Here to view our entire line of Engineered Hardwood Flooring.
Click Here to view our entire line of Solid Hardwood Flooring.
Matchup #2 - Unfinished vs. Factory (Prefinished) Hardwood
Another area where your cost of hardwood flooring can drastically change is in your choice between unfinished and factor (prefinished) hardwood. Here are the differences:
There was a time when all you could get was unfinished hardwood. That meant you'd order your hardwood, have it installed, and then have it sanded flat and refinished (multiple times) with urethane-based finish. This process took days, required you to stay out of that room, and usually your home, during the process, and prevented you from being able to use your room for quite some time. Some folks say you can move your furniture back into that space in a few days, but in reality, flooring with an oil-based polyurethane finish is susceptible to scraping for weeks, until the finish has fully cured.
There are reasons you'd want an unfinished hardwood. If you're looking for a specific stain color you can't find in a prefinished option, then you'll want unfinished hardwood. Or, if you prefer a super wide width panel, or square edged hardwood, those often don't come in prefinished flooring.
But a lot can go wrong when you have your wood finished on-site. Your family's health is at risk, because of the vapors from polyurethane resins and solvents. Also, you have to worry about dust and errant hairs, and won't enjoy the benefits of a one-session installation.
Prefinished hardwood, on the other hand, can take all of two hours or so to install. Factory hardwood finishes are extremely durable and often come with a lifetime warranty, because the manufacturers have complete control of the environment in which the finish is being applied. Most manufacturers have such a wide variety of prefinished styles that you'll find a choice that matches your preference; however, it is true that your options are far more encompassing when you choose the unfinished route.
So which hardwood product costs less? This is a bit trickier than the engineered vs. solid breakdown. When you first look at prices, you'll see that the unfinished hardwood comes in at a lower price. But looks can be deceiving. Don't forget to factor in all finishing costs (and, if you feel like it, factor in the inconvenience of not being able to use your floor immediately), and you'll soon realize that the final cost of unfinished hardwood usually surpasses the one-time cost of prefinished, factory hardwood.
Winner of comparison of hardwood scenario 2 – Prefinished hardwood.
Click Here to view our entire line of Hardwood Flooring.


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OK Go
Yahoo! Revolutionizes Local Bus Shelters, Promises A Block Party With OK Go
By Laura Mason on December 03, 2010 3:45 PM
Have you seen those crazy new touch screen Yahoo ads at bus stops lately? They're actually games that pit SF neighborhood against neighborhood and until January 26th, when they disappear, you basically won't have a chance to get bored waiting for Muni again. But that's not all--the winning neighborhood wins a block party with indie band OK Go!


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Love Has No Bounds
There is so much life beyond what we see here in the natural realm. Love has no boundaries that space and time can alter.
I have had my own personal experience with this love many times as a clairvoyant. I have witnessed many visitations of clients' loved ones, but I believe the most touching experience was with my mother, Ruth Ann.
For several years my mother suffered with diabetes, arthritis, and heart complications. Her physical life had become that of a shut-in. A few years back she also was diagnosed with Dementia and the beginning stages of Alzheimer's disease.
As her family tried to make everything as comfortable as possible, we all were heartbroken that we could bring her wellness. Everyone wanted to see the lively "pistol" that mom was. She had a energy like no other! It seemed her life on Earth was coming to an end.
I remember my mother's prayers and they have always followed me. They have clung to me all my life ~ Abraham Lincoln
Mom would always share with me the loved ones she would see, whenever I would visit her. She saw my brother and father who both passed in 2003. She also saw my three uncles that passed in 2005. Some thought it was the Dementia or Alzheimer's disease, but I could feel so much peace whenever she would share her experiences. Not only did I feel peace, but I knew we were not alone in the room whenever she was sharing her stories!
Being clairvoyant from a very young age, I had a heartfelt understanding that she had been connecting with our loved ones. As beautiful as this was to me, it was also very alarming. Momma had never had this much psychic activity before in her life. There was a huge amount of psychic activity taking place whenever I would visit her. My alarm was the knowledge that she was close to leaving us in the natural realm, and about to embark on her spiritual afterlife.
During our visits, she had advice for me that could not be anything less than inspired from beyond. She seemed to have such a clear connection. Things in my life that I had not shared with her due to her frail state, she connected with and spoke about. A wisdom that I had never seen flow through my mother, although she was very intuitive. I realized I was receiving a spiritual blessing through her. Every area in which I felt misunderstood, there now was peace. We talked much about clairvoyance, telepathic abilities, and the afterlife.
Although I had already received insight into my gifts at age 25, I now felt validated from the one person that I that mattered so much in my childhood and early adulthood. We spent a lot of time during each visit in such a peaceful spiritual realm that I hated to ever have to leave. Momma was going through physical pain, but it all seemed to clear the room whenever she was able to speak of these things.
The real religion of the world comes from women much more than from men – from mothers most of all, who carry the key of our souls in their bosoms ~ Oliver Wendell Holmes
In June of 2012, mom began to fade out more and more. She seemed like she was in a different realm that I could not go. Having a near death experience in 1995, I had an understanding of where she was drifting off to, but it was not easy to accept. Our visits were cut short many times because she was not responsive and would fall into a deep sleep. I could feel the love and joy she was feeling. It was very peaceful.
Whenever I would wake in the morning and pray, I would hear clearly a voice telling me, "I am going to take her soon, and she will be okay." I just didn't feel ready for her to leave yet. In my calling, I am used as a medium to deliver messages to my clients on a regular basis. I understand what is going on, but this is my mom!
Shortly after my last visit with her, I was in prayer for my daughter who was going through a major depression episode, and had been for months. I heard a knock at my door. I went to answer the knock to find no one there except for two doves. They were beautiful, and immediately Spirit washed over me. I heard my mom say "Never give up!" She was very strong in her voice, so I knew I needed to listen. Once she had spoken the two doves flew away into the sunset sky.
Overwhelmed with the message and the delivery by the two doves, I immediately called the nursing home where momma was staying. She was still there and in her little bed sleeping! A feeling washed over me that she was telling me not to give up on my daughter's wellness.
For the next week, I spent time with my daughter trying to help her the best I could. Within a week I felt this draw in my spirit that something was going on with momma. The phone rang and it was my aunt letting me know that momma had passed away. I immediately dropped to my knees. As I was on my knees, momma wrapped her arms around me to let me know she was okay. Although still shocked and grieving, a peace fell over me like no other. Momma was free from pain, and happy! Her funeral services were beautiful, and I could feel her there with us.
A week after the funeral, my daughter said her "Nanny" visited her. My son said that he saw her at the wake. He said she walked through the wall smiling and looking at everyone that was there. She then walked back through the wall, leaving his heart knowing she was at peace and was going to be okay.
Today my daughter is continuing to heal from depression. She has came so far. I thought I would lose her. We are all settled and happy. I contribute a lot of that for my mom's undying love and messages from beyond. I have felt her presence with me from time to time. I sense her with me as I write this blog. A gift that truly shows that "love has no bounds."
About The Author: Pamela is a highly compassionate and approachable Psychic and Medium, based in Florida. She is knowledgeable on many faiths and philosophies and is even a certified Minister. After a near-death experience she should not have survived, she returned to her body to carry out her life's work to help others. She once identified a murderer, helping to put him behind bars, thanks to information she received from the deceased client's sister! Whether it's a stranger in the park or one of her long-term, devoted clients, Pamela feels blessed to help others along their path. If you want accurate answers from the Other Side, you can find Pamela at PsychicAccess.com.
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Story by Jeff Whitehead
Nate Redmann clinched the 2012 AMA Pro Hillclimb Tilt-A-Rack Xtreme Class Championship, his fourth in a row, with a decisive win in round eight at Jefferson, PA. Jay Sallstrom topped the Wiseco Unlimited Class podium, narrowing rival Vinny Nuzzolilli's points lead to eight. Rookie Nick Drummer took the win in Pro Sport in just his second appearance on the circuit.
Redmann chalked up his seventh Xtreme Class win for 2012 with a 7.02 E.T. on his first run, also setting fast time of the day in all classes. Redmann's win makes him untouchable in the series championship with a 41-point lead over his nearest contender, Phil Libhart. Libhart crested at 7.412 seconds at Jefferson, finishing in second. Scott Wentz, Jr. threw a tire chain on his first run but came back for a third-place finish on his second attempt.
Pro Sport rider Drummer rode early and fast, setting the time to beat at 8.598 seconds. 2011 Champ, Ian Lau dropped an 8.691 E.T. for second. Points leader, Chris Chartier, Jr. rounded out the podium in third. Chartier holds a nineteen-point lead over Lau going into the final round.
The battle for the 2012 title in the Wiseco Unlimited Class heated up with 2011 Champ Sallstrom in the lead at the half. Points Leader, Nuzzolilli battled back after a disappointing first run by posting a 7.335-second time, shaving nearly a half-second off Sallstrom's score. Colby McCutcheon wedged into second, temporarily, then Sallstrom rode last and fast for the win at 7.269 seconds.
AMA Pro Hillclimbers will crown their champions after the final round at Oregonia, OH on October 14.
U/L: 1. Jay Sallstrom (Yam); 2. Vinny Nuzzolilli (Hon); 3. Colby McCutcheon (Yam); 4. Alex Benner (Hon); 5. Tiger Strank (Hon).
Xtreme: 1. Nate Redmann (Yam); 2. Phil Libhart (Tri); 3. Scott Wentz, Jr. (Hon); 4. Colby McCutcheon (Hon); 5. Vinny Nuzzolilli (Hon).
Pro Sport: 1. Nick Drummer (Hon); 2. Ian Lau (Hon); 3. Chris Chartier, Jr. (Hon); 4. Andrew Coyne (Hon); 5. Devin Sweitzer (Hon).


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Edition: 5th
Author(s): Editor: Michel Hersen (Pacific University, Forest Grove, OR); Editor: Samuel M. Turner (University of Maryland, College Park, MD ); Editor: Deborah C. Beidel (Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA )
ISBN: 9780471745846 / Hardcover / 3/1/2007
Marketplace Disclaimer:
Edition, Cover Design, etc may vary from the eCampus.com description. Please refer to the seller's comments before ordering. Marketplace sellers are required to ship by the end of the 5th business day. Items are not returnable to eCampus.com. Orders cannot be cancelled by eCampus.com.


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Wednesday, May 11, 2011
Untold stories: part 1
The other day we decided to eat dinner down at the beach. We packed some pasta and a couple Sierra Nevadas and joined the tribes of colorful characters that grace the lawn at the end of Newport as the sun goes down. This is why I love this place:)
Right as we sat down, I noticed a man off to my left that was making his way across the grass with a sleeping bag; obviously getting ready to settle in for the night. He was probably in his 60's, had long unkempt grey hair and a matching beard. His mustache was so long, you couldn't see his mouth. His clothes were dirty and worn, revealing that he been without a shower in weeks...maybe months. Truthfully, he looked similar to many others I had met here. EXCEPT, he had no legs beneath his knees and he was wearing shorts. He was dragging his body across the grass, attempting to move his stuff. This drew a lot of attention including ours...it was hard to watch.
Clay jumped up to grab his remaining bag and carried it over for him. He initiated conversation and invited him to join us on our blanket and share a meal. As the man neared our picnic, I was grateful to be able to help out with some food, but I braced myself for what I expected to be a typical conversation; erratic and hard to follow.
His name was J.C. When asked what had brought him to the streets of OB, he answered clearly and politely. He had just finished riding a hand pedaled bike from Lake Tahoe to Cabo San Lucas, Mexico. The journey had taken him 7 months. Just after crossing the border back into America, he was jumped by a group of street kids. They stole everything he had, including his prosthetic legs.
I was shocked and I think my jaw actually dropped. He went on. The local Veterans hall had heard about his situation and were providing him with new legs and arranging a ride home. They had also offered him a job working with other Vets that weren't as ambitious and needed a role model and a little inspiration. He declined. Evidently, the police were so thankful for his presence on that grassy knoll that they brought him breakfast biscuits every morning...he looked so intimidating that the normal band of vagrant troublemakers had stayed away since J.C. had arrived.
Intrigued and curious to know more, Clay continued, "J.C., if you don't mind my asking, how did you lose your legs?"
He answered simply, "I froze them off on Everest 4 years ago."
He explained that he had been caught in a storm with his climbing team. Buried in snow for 3 days at an elevation with very little oxygen, three of them had died and he had just lost his legs.
Although I felt a little awkward asking, I was captivated by his story and I pressed on," So were you able to summit the mountain before the storm rolled in?"
He answered humbly, "I've summited Everest twice. This was my third attempt."
So by now I'm thinking that this man was either crazy, or one of the most amazing individuals I have ever had the pleasure of sharing a meal with. My only frame of reference for an expedition of this magnitude is John Krakauer's book 'Into Thin Air' about his epic Everest accent. I brought this up to try and connect with his experience and I'll admit, partly to test the validity of his story. He immediately corrected me on the pronunciation of Krakauer's name and then explained that he knew him well. They grew up together in Oregon and were climbing buddies. Guess that solves that. He went on to tell us how National Geographic had caught wind of his bike adventure through Baja and had come down to follow him for a story. Next summer they would follow him again as he pedals his bike through South Africa.
As I stared at this rugged, remarkable man who had overcome so much, I was struck by how misguided judgments can so easily erect walls that eclipse opportunities throughout our life. Stories we never hear, roads we never travel.
We form judgments all day long. This is a necessary process as we traverse our little worlds. A lot of the time our judgments are healthy and wise: When to switch lanes on the freeway, when to keep my daughter close at a shady park, when to press in to a relationship...when to step back. Other times, it is not so clear.
As intentional as we might be, our judgments are based on a very small, myopic perspective, shaped by a unique combination of experiences and constraints. From this lens, we peer out and begin our search for truth and assign meaning and significance to our lives.
I read the other day in one of Timothy Keller's books, "We like to think we think for ourselves...but we think like the people we most admire and need."
Let that someone that I most admire and need be my Creator and let my thoughts align with His thoughts. Only then can I judge rightly...at least some of the time.
Posted by Jessica Connolly at 8:41 PM
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Hi All,
For some reason my zdesktop resets back to Arabic at every restart of the application even when i set the same in the options ->Global->Login Option->Language to english.
Is there any way to apply these settings permanently to the system.
Somebody as mentioned in some thread to reinstall but i dont think it works for me
Any Help is appreciated


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More New and Used
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Homeward Bound: American Families in the Cold War Era
ISBN13:by May, Elaine Tyler
Perseus Books
Questions About This Book?
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This is the 20th edition with a publication date of 9/22/2008.
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WhenHomeward Boundfirst appeared in 1988, it altered the way we understood Cold War America. The post-World War II era was thought of as a time when Americans turned away from politics to enjoy the fruits of peace and prosperity, while their leaders remained preoccupied with the dangers of the Atomic Age. Elaine Tyler May demonstrated that the Cold War infused life on every level from the boardroom to the bedroom. This new edition includes up-to-date information and references, along with an epilogue that examines how the legacy of the Cold War has shaped America since September 11, 2001.
Author Biography
Elaine Tyler May is Professor of American Studies and History at the University of Minnesota. She is the author of several books, including Barren in the Promised Land: Childless Americans and the Pursuit of Happiness and Great Expectations: Marriage and Divorce in Post-Victorian America.
Table of Contents
|p. xi
|p. 1
|Containment at Home: Cold War, Warm Hearth
|p. 19
|Depression: Hard Times at Home
|p. 39
|War and Peace: Fanning the Home Fires
|p. 58
|Explosive Issues: Sex, Women, and the Bomb
|p. 89
|Brinkmanship: Sexual Containment on the Home Front
|p. 109
|Baby Boom and Birth Control: The Reproductive Consensus
|p. 129
|The Commodity Gap: Consumerism and the Modern Home
|p. 153
|Hanging Together: For Better or for Worse
|p. 174
|The End of Containment: The Baby Boom Comes of Age
|p. 198
|Epilogue: Echoes of the Cold War: The Aftermath of September 11, 2001
|p. 217
|p. 229
|p. 249
|p. 289
|Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved.