text:
222 Auto Drive
Directions Boise, ID 83709
Buy Your Next New or Used Car at Larry H. Miller Chrysler Jeep Dodge Ram Boise serving the Nampa area. A new Chrysler, Jeep, Dodge or Ram, car, truck or SUV could be waiting right around the corner for you; all you have to do is stop by Larry H. Miller Chrysler Jeep Dodge Ram in Boise, ID, or call (877) 644-5347 to speak with the knowledgeable staff. Our new and pre-owned inventories feature some of today's latest and most sought after models.
Alternatively, you can fill out the CarFinder form and not only will we locate your dream vehicle, whether its a new or used car, but we'll get it on our lot for you to test drive. Be sure to check out our Specials Page with the latest promotions and offers, and feel free to explore financing options through our Nampa area dealership.
Larry H. Miller Chrysler Jeep Dodge Ram is all about the customer, so stop by today and let us prove our commitment to exceptional service!


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San Francisco, CA
March 13, 2009
Joseph P. Russoniello, United States Attorney
Northern District of California
Yan Ru Chu was sentenced yesterday to 24 months imprisonment, and three years probation, announced United States Attorney Joseph P. Russoniello and Diplomatic Security Service Special Agent In-Charge Patrick Durkin.Chu pleaded guilty on December 18, 2008, to one count of entry visa fraud, one count of alien smuggling, and one count of failing to appear for court, before the Honorable Jeffrey S. White. She was indicted by a federal grand jury on January 13, 2005.
According to court documents and proceedings, Chu admitted that in 2000, she formed a fraudulent company called American Environmental and Water Pollution Control Incorporated. She further admitted that she sold invitation or sponsor letters on this company's letterhead to citizens of China, who then used the invitation or sponsor letters to apply for entry visas at American Consulates in China. The invitation or sponsor letters falsely stated that the Chinese citizens had legitimate business with Chu's company. However, there was no real company and there was no real business. The Chinese citizens used Chu's invitation or sponsor letters for the sole purpose of falsely obtaining entry visas to unlawfully enter and remain in the United States. Chu admitted and pleaded guilty that she carried out the above visa fraud for 15 Chinese citizens.
Court documents and proceedings also show that after being arrested by DSS Special Agents for the above visa fraud in 2004, and being released on bond, Chu failed to attend her next court date in San Francisco. Chu fled the United States and remained a fugitive. On March 26, 2008, Chu was captured when she arrived on a commercial airline flight from China to Seattle, Washington. Chu admitted and pleaded guilty that she failed to appear for her San Francisco court date in 2004.
"Since the tragic events of 9/11, and in an attempt to reestablish the integrity of our borders and protect Americans from further attack, the federal government has, among other actions taken, significantly enhanced its passport and visa fraud detection capabilities," Russoniello said. "The Chu case is but the latest example of how effective and sophisticated the DSS effort has become in identifying fraud and bringing offenders to justice. I commend them for their success in this case which should be a warning to anyone who thinks there may be profit in this kind of scam. Think twice before trying it. You will be caught. You will be punished."
"This visa fraud investigation is an example of what the Diplomatic Security Service does best. We dismantle criminal enterprises that broker in false visas, false passports, and false travel documents to keep imposters and criminals out of the country," Durkin stated.
Lara Kroop was the Special Assistant United States Attorney who prosecuted the case. She was assisted by Legal Assistant Elizabeth Garcia. The sentence was the result of a five year investigation by the Diplomatic Security Service. Anyone involved in or aware of false visa or passport schemes occurring inside the United States or at any American Embassy or Consulate is encouraged to contact DSS at (415) 705-1176.
Jack Gillund
U.S. Attorney's Office
[This is a mobile copy of Chinese Entry Visa Broker Sentenced For Fraud and Fugitive Charges]
Short URL: http://m.state.gov/md120326.htm
Short URL: http://m.state.gov/md120326.htm

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Tags: afterlife
Books: Spirit Shots
Answering Questions About Death - In this book you find photographic evidence & first hand accounts but this book is more than that! It answers…Digest / 5.25" x 8.25"Print + Digital: $39.95 Digital: $10.00
Death & Destruction
A soul isn't always stolen when photographed.Digest / 8.25" x 5.25"Print + Digital: $14.99 Digital: Free!
Spook Show Entertainment News: September 2009
Official Line Up For The 2009 Chicago Horror Film Festival The Debut of The Paranormal Research Community The Illinois Ghost Hunters to Host…Pamphlet / 8.25" x 10.75"Print + Digital: $0.90 Digital: Free!
The Spiritist Magazine is a trimestral periodical that promotes that latest teachings of Spiritism and its dissemination worldwide.Standard / 8.25" x 10.75"Print + Digital: $10.40 Digital: Free!
Paranthropology: Paranthropology: Journal of Anthropological Approaches t…
In this issue: "The Esoteric Experience: Positive or Negative?" - Mike Rush "Supernatural Abductions: UFO and Folklore Narratives" - Franco…Standard / 8.25" x 10.75"Print + Digital: $12.80 Digital: Free!
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Focused on some of psychic medium David Allen Brown's personal experiences with spirits who come to him in the night and filled with the hauntingly…Standard / 8.25" x 10.75"Print + Digital: $10.00 Digital: $4.00
Flashlight: Life, death and second thoughts.
From one's birth until one's death, we guess at the beginning and the end, unable to catch a break, a clue or a hint. Some see miracles and believe…Standard / 8.25" x 10.75"Print + Digital: $5.00 Digital: $1.99
EdgeScience: EdgeScience 3
FEATURES HIV Does Not Cause AIDS by Henry Bauer The Reincarnation of Mediumship Research by Julie Beischel Reports of Luminous Seas by…Standard / 8.25" x 10.75"Print: $4.95


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Anna university CGPA to percentage conversion formula – Anna univesity Chennai GPA to percentage Calculator
Anna university CGPA to percentage conversion formula: Anna university Chennai is one of the best university in India. From 2008 AU change the mark system into grade system. In the grade system the marks obtained as in the 10 point scale. And students from the 2008 batch are don't know how to convert cgpa into percentage conversion Anna university. But the conversion certificate is very need for students who going for an interview or other government exams purpose.
Anna university Chennai CGPA to percentage conversion:
Many are confused about how to convert CGPA to percentage anna university. We have given the formula for the conversion which is the correct formula.
The formula for conversion is multiply your cgpa by 10, the result of the multiplication is your percentage of your marks out of 100.
Anna university gpa to percentage conversion is also the same.
Check the Proof for CGPA to percentage conversion: (as mentioned in the conversion certificate)
Procedure to get the CGPA into Percentage conversion certificate from Anna University:
Step 1: Take two xerox copies of your provisional and consolidate certificate.
Step 2: Write the formal letter to the Anna university controller of examination Chennai guindy for the need of conversion certificate(In the letter you include the need for the conversion certificate).
Step 3: Take 200 rupees DD in the favor of Anna university controller of examination Chennai guindy.
Step 4: Attach the xerox copy of the provisional and consolidate certificate, original DD with the letter.
Step 5: Then Give that documents to anna university controller of examination Chennai guindy in distance education department.
within in a week you can get it form the distance education department. You have to sign while getting the certificate form the staff.
anna university coimbatore cgpa to percentage
how to convert cgpa to percentage for anna university
cgpa to percentage calculator for engineering anna university Madurai Trichy Tirunelveli


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I just saw this posted on Facebook - some major changes to riding the 101 southbound in Ventura
Next week, beginning Sunday night, December 8th, we will begin realignment of the highway from Bates Road to Mobile Pier. This realignment, which involves re-striping the highway and moving k-rail, will take approximately one week (all night shift) and will allow us to work exclusively on the ocean side of the highway to complete the new bike path. In order to provide a continuous and safe temporary bike route along the highway,
ALL bike traffic (both northbound and southbound) will ride on the northbound shoulder of the highway, protected by k-rail. This temporary bike path will run from the Bates Rd northbound off-ramp to the Old Pacific Coast Highway, through our yard/staging area across from Mobile Pier.
IT IS VERY IMPORTANT that once realignment is complete, all cyclists ride in this designated bike path, since there will no longer be a bike lane on the southbound shoulder of the highway.
Cyclists need to use extreme caution when crossing the entrance to La Conchita, since vehicles have the right of way.
We are about 12-18 months ahead of schedule for overall completion of the project and hope to have the new bike lane open by Summer 2014


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MACON, Ga. (School Release) - Mercer junior James Beale overcame a rocky start on day one of the Brickyard Collegiate Golf Championship, battling his way to a an even-par 72 and Mercer's top finish in the opening round at the Brickyard at Riverside. Beale's 72 helped the Bears complete round one with a team score of 296, slotting the squad tenth on the team leaderboard.
Mercer's 296 positions the team just one stroke behind Augusta State for ninth place and three strokes ahead of Oklahoma. Georgia leads the field with a score of 280 after 18 holes, while North Florida (283), Princeton (286), Kansas (268), and Georgia Tech (289) rounded out the top five teams.
Beale, who came into Friday's first round battling an arm injury, bogeyed two of his first three holes. After carding a five on the par-four third hole, Beale strung together five-straight pars before capping his front nine with a birdie on the 477-yard par-five ninth hole.
Beale's first birdie of the day got him rolling, as continued his round with eight straight pars before birdieing the par-five 18th hole. His final putt leveled his score at 72 and placed him in a tie for 19th place individually.
Junior Hans Reimers shot 73 on day one and is tied for 24th place overall, while sophomore Trey Rule carded a 75 and is tie for 45th. Senior Thomas Holmes needed 76 strokes and is tied for 53rd, while freshman Jeffrey Heinicka, Jr. shot 78 and is tied for 67th.
Senior Alex Street booked a 77 to lead Mercer's individual players and is tied for 58th. Senior John Gregory Joseph came in a 78 and is tied for 67th, and Michael Hirthler used 82 strokes and is in 80th place.
Saturday's second round is scheduled to begin at 8:30 a.m. with a fixed start.


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The sign of the twins in the zodiac, the Gemini constellation looks very much like its namesake. It's easy to spot in the sky, located northeast of Orion and lying between Taurus to the west and Cancer on the east. It's also the northernmost constellation in the zodiac.
The constellation derives its name from the Latin word for twins. One can easily see its two brightest stars, Castor and Pollux, as the heads of the twins while other stars make up faint outlines of the bodies.
Some interesting facts about Gemini:
- The brightest stars, Castor and Pollux, are named after twin brothers in Greek mythology.
- Pollux is an orange giant meaning it has used up all its core hydrogen fuel. Astronomers say such a star will likely slough off its outer shell and evolve into a white dwarf.
- Castor is actually six stars that are gravitationally-bound to each other making it a sextuplet star system. Light from Castor takes 50 light-years to reach us while Pollux, which is slightly brighter, takes 35 light-years.
- Mekbuda, a super-giant star about 220, 000 times larger than our sun, also lies in Gemini. Other noted objects are the Eskimo Nebula, Medusa Nebula and Geminga, a neutron star.
- A 100 million year old star cluster, Messier 35, lies near the "feet" of the twins.
The constellation of Gemini was spotted many centuries ago and recorded by the ancient Greek astronomer Ptolemy. Depictions of the constellation typically show young twin boys seated close together. In the zodiac, the sign of Gemini represents the time between May 20 and June 20.


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Pulau Ketam Port Klang, Selangor
Pulau Ketam eventhough only a few kilometers away from where I live, but I've not really taken the initiative to do a trip there. Probably because I've yet to get the right group to join me. A couple of days back, since my parents were doing a trip there because my mum had to go to a school there, I got my Dad to take some photographs to show you all on how the place looked like. I will personally make a trip there in the near future to get more details on their activities and seafood that is available there.
Pulau Ketam can be accessed by driving up right to North Port in Port Klang, or for a much more relaxing journey, you can take the KTM train that ends at the Port Klang station. From the station, it's only a few minutes walking distant to the Ferry Jetty. The ferry itself was RM7 for a 30 minutes journey and the earliest boat departs at 8.45am. Make sure you plan your time properly because the last boat back to Port Klang is at 6.45pm, if you miss this, you'll have to stay the night at Pulau Ketam.
Pulau Ketam in English simply translates to "Crab Island", and as the name potrays, seafood there is amazing. Houses are on stilts as the Island is very prone to flood. There aren't really any good road system there, mostly are soiled paths that are used for cycling, walking and light motorcycles. There are no cars available on Pulau Ketam and you can probably walk around the entire Island within a few hours.
Pulau Ketam Jetty was also officially launched on the 14th of June 2011.
7 Comments
Nice place, been here a couple of times.
[...] total bill came to RM140 which was reasonable. But at places like Teluk Gong and Pulau Ketam, prices will be way [...]
[...] of the shipping cargos dock for loading and unloading goods. If you're planning to head to Pulau Ketam, this is exactly where you will need to take the speed boat. If you want to go further to [...]
[...] using the hot sun's ray to sell them as Dried Prawns which are used to season cookings. Pulau Ketam from what I've heard from others host great sea food [...]
pulau ketam lots of fresh seafood. hope to go there again
Do u think it's a good idea to stay there with a group of people? I'm just concerned about the accommodation and safety,..whats ur opinion?


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The Indian rupee recovered by 13 paise to 61.46 against the American currency after initial losses following bouts of selling of dollars by banks and exporters amid strong recovery in the equity market.
Persistent foreign capital inflows also boosted the rupee value against the dollar, a forex dealer said.
The Indian rupee resumed higher at 61.57 per dollar as against the last closing level of 61.59, but dropped immediately to 61.70 on dollar demand from banks and importers.
However, it recovered afterwards to 61.45 before quoting at 61.46 per dollar at 1040hrs.
Meanwhile, in New York market, the US dollar was flat to slightly higher versus most major rivals other than the yen yesterday as worries about China's banks spurred a round of haven-related buying, strategists said.
The Indian benchmark sensex crossed 21K mark after 35 months and was quoting at 20,964.80 at 1050hrs, showing a sharp gain of 196.92 or 0.95 pct from its last close.


text:
Prudence is going to be pushed back. Again. A whole lot.
Joe Dallek In An Ivy Hat
Here's a British breakfast to make you feel better
Here's what happened...
I'm a weird hybrid of analytical logical-loving scientist meets creative airy-fairy wordsmith. Yes I know, Gentle Reader, there are a number of us out there. I write, and I imagine and I wander crazy invented worlds, but I do it armed with a spreadsheet and an outline and notes (not in notebooks, but in ledgers, I LOVE ledgers). I draw maps of non-existent lands, and diagrams of battle sequences, but the lands are fake and the battles are between preternaturals and vampires. I have internal schematics of the ships and houses my characters live in, sometimes I think someone looking over my notes would be hard pressed to decide if they belonged to a writer or a brigadier.
I'm accustomed to my analytical side enacting a sharp disciplined schedule ruthlessly upon my creative brain.
"Here's the plan," says Gail the Scientist. "Just hit these deadlines, make these marks, write at these times every day and everything with stay on schedule."
"OK," says Gail the Author, "That seems fine to me."
The Experience in images:
What It Looks Like To Others
What It Feels Like To Me
What I Want It To Be
The Truth Of The Matter
I genuinely thought I could do it. I thought with a schedule and everything in its proper place I could write one book and then another, I could flip flop between two different main characters and two different Victorian time periods. All it would take was lots of notes and spread sheets and . . .
My creative brain revolted; in a smack down "what on earth were you thinking?" kind of way.
Turns out I can't balance two books a year, in two different worlds, along side book tours and conventions and an actual life, no matter how many lists and spreadsheets my analytical brain churns out.
For the first time in my life, my creative brain took a most decided stance on the subject and there was nothing my analytical brain could do about it. Lets use the gentile term and say I had a meltdown. If, perhaps, there were copious boughts of sniffles, and vast quantities of custard, tea and Thai food applied, you won't tell, will you?
So what does an author do under such circumstances. Eats crow, goes hat in hand to her agent, who goes hat in hand to her editors, and . . .
I did make my deadline with Prudence (my analytical brain insists that I make this known) but no one, not me, not my editor, not my beta readers is happy with the resulting manuscript. In the end, my creative brain simply can't hand the flip flop and so for my own sanity I have had to put the rough draft of Prudence aside for 2013. Instead i have to focus in on one project, complete the Finishing School series first, and then do a 50% overhaul on Prudence before anyone will be satisfied with the result.
I'm heartsick that you who are waiting for the new adult series will have to wait quite a bit longer. My analytical mind is terribly embarrassed but it could not wrestle the creative author beast into submission. In the end, I'm hoping what everyone wants the most is the best possible book. Right? The creative brain reliably informs me, when we are on speaking terms which isn't often right now, that this delay will have that result. The very earliest you can expect Prudence is Spring 2015. And that's quite optimistic. No promises.
Please please don't be too angry with me. I really did try.
Stupid creative brain.
Your, Gail
Your Moment of Parasol . . .
1806 The Los Angeles County Museum of Art
Your Infusion of Cute . . .
Georgia Russell
Your Tisane of Smart . . .
Weird victorian term explained, Spirits of Hartshorn.
Your Writerly Tinctures . . .
First Look at a First Draft
Waistcoats & Weaponry ~ The Finishing School Book the Third: Writing rough draft.
Curtsies & Conspiracies ~ The Finishing School Book the Second: Release date November 2013. Await ARCs.
Manga ~ Soulless Vol. 3: (AKA Blameless) Available serialized through YenPlus. Print edition possibly Nov. 2013.
Prudence ~ The Parasol Protectorate Abroad Book the First: Delay. Begin rewrite in 2014.
BIG FAT SPOILER ALERT on the Parasol Protectorate series! Really, DON'T READ THE BLURB ON AMAZON if you haven't read the other books first!
The Omnibus hardback editions are limited run through the SciFi Bookclub only.
The manga editions, both now available in print.
Most short stories available in ebook form world wide!
The first Finishing School book ~ OUT NOW
Book News:
PW writes about you, Gentle Reader, as well as me.
Quote of the Day:
"A 'first appearance in public' took place at the Globe Theatre, Boston, one evening last week, when a sleek looking cat came before the curtain between the second and third acts. The debut was not a successful one, as kitty 'broke down' without saying a word, and hastily sought the nearest dark corner.
Cats are very fond of the stage. There was a "first appearance' at the Chestnut Street Theatre the first night Miss Cushman played Meg Merriles. The applause was divided, but the cat's was a little ahead."
~ Godey's Lady's Book and Magazine August 1872


text:
My Best Birth
I enjoy telling my birth story, but it's a lot like answering the "how did you meet your significant other?" question. I never know how much detail the person asking really wants.
Read more: http://www.huffingtonpost.com/farah-l-miller/share-your-birth-story-wi_b_1322627.html
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text:
Chemical Technology
at Saint Paul College
Program Details
- Award: Associate in Science
- Credits: 60
- Delivery: Face-to-face where some online courses may be available or required.
About this Program
A program that prepares individuals to apply scientific principles and technical skills in support of chemical and biochemical research and industrial operations. Includes instruction in principles of chemistry and biochemistry, technical mathematics, computer applications, radiochemistry, industrial biochemistry, chemical instrumentation, physical chemistry, laboratory research methods, industrial processing methods and equipment, and test equipment operation and maintenance.
Program Locations
- Saint Paul College 55102
Labor Market Information
Chemical Plant and System Operators
- Median wage: $18.37/hour-Below the median
- Employment outlook: Below statewide average
Chemical Technicians
- Median wage: $22.37/hour-Above the median
- Employment outlook: Above statewide average
Chemical Equipment Operators
- Median wage: $25.14/hour-Above the median
- Employment outlook: Shrinking


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Become a Part of Our Team
SSI Career Opportunities
SSI Shredding Systems hires a wide range of talent and is interested in hiring people with diverse backgrounds and skill sets. We have many different job opportunities and a variety of career paths.
Careers with SSI
SSI Shredding Systems hires a wide spectrum of talent and is always interested in speaking to candidates with diverse backgrounds and skill sets. We have many different job opportunities and a variety of career paths. We accept applications for any open and posted position. SSI is an Equal Opportunity Employer.
To apply, select a job position from from the list below, then complete our online application form by clicking on the "Apply For Position" button. You may also mail, email or fax your resume to:
SSI Shredding Systems, Inc.
Attn: Human Resources
9760 SW Freeman Dr.
Wilsonville, OR 97070
Email: email@example.com
Fax: (503) 682-1704
Immediate Openings
Welder/Fabricator - SWING SHIFT
Job Duties
Materials welded include steel, and stainless, and the methods may include gas welding, shielded metal arc, gas-tungsten arc, gas-metal arc or submerged arc. The variety of applications requires an ability to plan, layout and perform diversified work, which may be characterized as short run production or job shop (custom work). Jobs Include high pressure and code welding or other work involving critical safety and load requirements or welding where appearance is critical.
All work finished according to complex specifications, drawings, prints and welding symbols. We are seeking a welder who can demonstrate an advanced level of production welding.
- Technical training in welding and 5+ years of related experience, or equivalent.
- Must be able to work under limited supervision with minimal technical guidance.
- Must be able to position material to be welded and apply hand-eye coordination to achieve the desired weld.
- Must be able to regulate heat and feed and may be required to select electrodes, tips and rods.


text:
California Employment Law
California Employment Law Questions Answered by Legal Experts
Hello and welcome to JustAnswer.
I'm sorry to hear about your situation and hope I can help.
Please let me know what question you have regarding your situation.
I can't afford to just quit at this time. So my question is, if I quit can I collect unemployment until I find another job because they are creating a difficult work enviroment and I feel they are beginning to effect my reputation in the community and my expertise is as a community liaison Nurse. I feel if I stay with them much longer, they could ruin my reputation enough that no one will hire me. Not good in the current work force market....
Hello Darbi,
Could you also let me know if you were on FMLA leave or another form of protected leave while you were on disability?
I would like to stop my request for an answer,. I am not satisified with the way this is going.. Thanks for your help but please don't charge my card as I did not really get any answer and I feel like I need to see an attorney in person. Again, thanks for you assistance, sorry it did not work out.
I was only asking you for information to help provide you with a full answer, but I'll send this to customer service.
I did answer an earlier question for you. I would appreciate greatly if you like that answer, and please let me know if you reconsider. I was only asking a simple yes or no question, and can easily answer your question, plus provide you with additional information, if you answer that for me.
DISCLAIMER: Answers from Experts on JustAnswer are not substitutes for the advice of an attorney. JustAnswer is a public forum and questions and responses are not private or confidential or protected by the attorney-client privilege. The Expert above is not your attorney, and the response above is not legal advice. You should not read this response to propose specific action or address specific circumstances, but only to give you a sense of general principles of law that might affect the situation you describe. Application of these general principles to particular circumstances must be done by a lawyer who has spoken with you in confidence, learned all relevant information, and explored various options. Before acting on these general principles, you should hire a lawyer licensed to practice law in the jurisdiction to which your question pertains.
The responses above are from individual Experts, not JustAnswer. The site and services are provided "as is". To view the verified credential of an Expert, click on the "Verified" symbol in the Expert's profile. This site is not for emergency questions which should be directed immediately by telephone or in-person to qualified professionals. Please carefully read the Terms of Service (last updated February 8, 2012).


text:
Gareth Edwards is represented by the Hart Gallery in London and The Milennium Gallery in ST.Ives , Cornwall .
Gareth Edwards graduated in 1984 with a BA Hons in Art History from London University Board .He has been working as an artist from that time .He went on to study for an ATC post Graduate qualification at Goldsmiths College in London .
After several years of exhibiting independently across London including shows at the Almeida theatre and the Woodlands Gallery in Greenwich , Edwards recieved representation from the Hart Gallery in London and has , as a consequence exhibited with them since 1998 including ten one - person shows and many group exhibitions including the London Art Fair and the Geneva Art Fair.
Since leaving London for Cornwall in 2000 with his wife and two young daughters Gareth has been made a memberof the Newlyn Society of Artists ( NSA ) and subsequently has been selected regularly for exhibitions at the Newlyn and Exchange Galleries , including curating a large installation of art books and art works in the exchange gallery as part of the highly successful collaborations project in 2010.
He is also represented in Cornwall by the renowned Millennium Gallery in ST.Ives which held his successful 'ARS POETICA-the sea the sea ' one - person show in 2011.
In 2004 , 2006 Gareth exhibited one-person shows of sculpture and paintings respectively at the Lemon Street Gallery in Truro , who represented his work at the Miami Art Fair .
In 2004 Gareth Edwards won the National Maritime Museum's Annual Arts Bursary which resulted in an installation of sound and paintings in the museum .The exhibition further enabled him to win an Arts Council Award for the production of an accompanying catalogue .
For several years concurrently Gareth has been selected for the RWA's annual Open Autumn Exhibition and subsequently was voted in as an RWA Academician in 2005 .
Gareth's work has developed recently into an in-depth study of nature through painting and sculpture . He has left behind pure abstraction and now uses highly expressive use of texture , colour and paint to create emotionally intelligent paintings full of light and space that firmly places Edwards in the english tradition of poetic landscapes that can be traced back to Turner .There is no aplogy for this high romanticism , in fact the opposite is true , his work is a contemporary update on a celebration of the undeniable importance of the Engish tradition of poetic landscape painting . Edwards continues to live in Cornwall , now relocated Lamorna Cove in West Penwith .A one-person show is due to open at the Millennium Gallery in the spring of 2013 entitled 'Natural Capital' and he has been selected for a large exhibition at the Plymouth City Gallery setting out to showcase contemporary responses to the Gallery's collection of Newln School of Artists works .There will be a fully illustrated catalogue accompanying the show .


text:
Hi there,
since I'm heading out in the same direction pretty soon, I did some searching around youtube and came across a flight departing from LHR with the aircraft being all smooth until after takeoff there's a rapid, violent looking and sudden jolting.
The uploader states it's wake turbulence from a departing company 777 in front of them, question is... is this true, is this really wake turbulence this flight goes through?
Because keeping in mind it seems to be an A321 I would guess that it rotates earlier than a 777, so I'd suspect it to fly over the T7 wake instead of through it, especially since wake descends downwards and doesn't gain altitude.
Can someone please clarify?
The video:
Please check your spelling (press "Check Spelling" above)
©Copyright 2016 Demand Media, Inc. All Rights Reserved


text:
ArduCopter 3.0.1 has been released and is now available in the Mission Planner, firmware.diydrones.com, GitHub and the new Downloads Area.
Warning #1: Compass calibration and reducing interference is far more important than with 2.9.1b
Warning #2: GPS glitches can cause sudden and aggressive position changes while in loiter mode. You may wish to reduce the Loiter PID P to 0.5 (from 1.0) to reduce aggressiveness (see image below of where this gain can be found in mission planner).
Warning #3: optical flow is not supported but will be back in the next release (AC-3.0.2 or AC-3.1.0).
Warning #4: loiter turns does not maintain altitude. This bug will be fixed in AC-3.0.2.
Warning #5: This release has only been lightly tested on Traditional Helicopters.
Improvements over 2.9.1b include:
WPNAV_SPEED, WPNAV_SPEED_UP, WPNAV_SPEED_DN, WPNAV_ACCEL allows configuring speeds and acceleration during missions
How to upgrade:
1. Make sure you are using Mission Planner 1.2.59 or newer (get it here)
2. Click on the MissionPlanner's Hardware, Install Firmware screen. The version numbers should appear as "ArduCopter-3.0.1", then click the appropriate frame icon and it should upgrade as per usual.
3. Reduce the Loiter and Alt Hold PIDs if you have modified them from the defaults. The modified PID values for the 3DR frame can be seen in the image below.
Note: Nav parameters have been combined with Loiter so do not be concerned if you can't find them.
4. Although not directly related to this release, if you purchased an APM prior to March of 2013, update your PPM encoder to the latest firmware (instructions here).
5. Try out the new version in stabilize mode first, then alt-hold, then loiter and finally RTL and Auto.
Numerous How-To videos are available:
Special Thanks to Marco, DaveC and the large number of testers on the pre-release thread who put their copters at risk during the extended testing period. Some of their videos can be found here, here, here, here, here and here. Thanks also to MichaelO for the MP changes required for this release.
All feedback welcome. Please put your questions, comments (good and bad!) below.
Views: 374167
Yes, we need to make a little fix to make the sonar alt appear in the tlogs. It's done on the arduplane side but not copter yet.
The compass interference doesn't look too bad but compassmot will probably help in any case. You can see a little blip in the mag field at the beginning but that's probably as you plugged something in so not a worry (I've seen it in someone else's logs as well once).
Vibes are borderline ok on the X/Y axis so loiter should be ok hopefully.
Isn't the 'climbing in alt-hold' thing (when you rock it around and it climbs) usually related to vibrations?
The thing where you rock it back and forth and it climbs a lot should be mostly resolved by the scaling stability patch that went into 3.0. What'll likely help reduce it is to reduce the THR_MID parameter. It might not get rid of it completely but it should be make it better. What was happening previously is that when you rocked it back and forth you were basically always asking it to roll or pitch in some direction. The old stability patch would bump up the throttle (if necessary) to give you that roll or pitch. In a regular flight you just ask for roll or pitch moves temporarily so you don't notice an momentary climb but rock it back and forth constantly and up it would go.
Bad vibrations tend to cause a climb in alt no matter what you do to the roll or pitch controls except for the cases where the vibes are just on the X and/or Y axis. In these cases you may find that the copter rises or falls as you lean over.
I tried to get some advice on another section of the forum about frame options to scale up my copter but no replies. I am tempted to just build a bigger version of my quad but depending on how well hexa's can survive a motor/ESC failure that may be a better option. If they don't usually survive a failure then the extra motors are just increasing the chance of a total failure.
I would prefer not to go all the way up to octo.
I guess the software doesn't actually 'decide' it has a motor failure but just tries to compensate?
So any advice on hexa behavior with an engine out is welcome.
Your best bet is actually a Y6 http://rtf.3drobotics.com/product_p/acrtf3.htm instead of a hexa.
Theoretically a hexa can fly with a motor out but there are issues in making that happen.
The Y6 will fly with a motor out as you can see here http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N_GJv_x18dE
Thanks for replies but I have a gut feeling against 'contra' prop arrangements. On some aircraft and helicopters it was a good solution when space was limited but the second prop is trying to climb up through descending, turbulent air. Theory says this will be less efficient and may have resonance but I know many say its ok. Do you use different pitch pros on the lower motor?
Craig. I guess with the Y setup both rear motors are on a servo tilt? That worries me too as its has no redundancy.
X8? im not ruling it out yet.
I would still like to know if a hexa, on an average day, will survive an engine out or not.
I had an X8 and it flew really well with one motor out. You could hardly notice any difference at all.
Hexes do tend to fly more stable than quads in my experience. Logically they should fly with one motor out. Think of it this way. With one motor out its like a rectangular quad but with another arm to the side. The flight stabilized would control the motors to compensate for this the same as it did for my X8.
Im thinking that a hexa with a motor out may only loose a bit of lift but a fair chunk of yaw control. I wonder if the logic can share out the control while reducing power to all props in the 'non failed' group.
I suspect there has not been much work in this area.
What I am thinking is that, during a motor failure with a hexa setup, if a controller shuts off the opposite side motor automatically and increases the power on the remaining 4 to compensate the lift deficiency, the system should be able to fly just as good. It will be a rectangular quad as John mentioned above. But this shouldn't be an issue. The quad would never have to be a perfect square. There are many quad setups in the market where the motors are not perfectly symmetrical.
This is not true. On a regular hexa, if you lose one motor, the resulting 5 motors give you a roll/pitch-yaw coupling. It can still fly, but it's not going to be great. Y-6 and all Octos don't have this problem.


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Related Product Information
- T Cell Expansion in Clinical research
- Overview of products for clinical cell isolation and expansion
- Cell Isolation & Expansion
Intended Use
Dynabeads® CD3⁄CD28 CTS™ are intended for separation (1, 2) and ex vivo expansion (1, 5) of human T cells for cell-based clinical research.
Product Description
Dynabeads® CD3⁄CD28 CTS™ are uniform, superparamagnetic, sterile, non-pyrogenic polystyrene beads with affinity purified mouse anti-human CD3 and CD28 monoclonal antibodies covalently bound to the surface. Dynabeads® CD3⁄CD28 CTS™ are produced according to cGMP under aseptic conditions in a fully validated Class 100 clean room using gamma irradiated Dynabeads®. All processes are validated. Sterility and endotoxin tests are performed according to United States Pharmacopeia.
Principle of Isolation and Expansion
Dynabeads® CD3⁄CD28 CTS™ offer a simple method for isolation (1, 2), activation (3) and expansion (1, 5) of human T cells. Firstly, CD3+ T cells are separated and concentrated from the apheresis product by magnetic cell separation using Dynabeads® CD3⁄CD28 CTS™ (1, 2). Following separation, the CD3+ T cells are cultured in the presence of the beads. By combining anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 antibodies on Dynabeads®, the beads will provide both the primary and co-stimulatory signals that are required for activation and expansion of T cells (4). The activated T cells have been shown to produce IL2, GM-CSF, IFN-γ and TNF- (1, 4, 5). T cells activated with these Dynabeads® can be expanded 100- 1000 fold over a 9-14 day culture period (1). The T cell expansion process can be scaled up using a bioreactor-based process (5). It has been shown that the T cell expansion protocol can be optimized to include expansion of antigen-specific T cells (6).
Materials Supplied
10 ml of Dynabeads® CD3⁄CD28 CTS™.
Supplied as a sterile suspension containing 4 x 108 Dynabeads®/ml in phosphate buffered saline (PBS), pH 7.4, w/0.1% human serum albumin (HSA).
Storage and Stability
When stored in unopened vials at 2-8°C, Dynabeads® CD3⁄CD28 CTS™ are stable until the expiry date stated on the label. Keep Dynabeads® in liquid suspension during storage and all handling steps, as drying will result in reduced performance. Resuspend well before use.
Additional Materials Required
For clinical research procedures, the principal investigator is responsible for ensuring that use of all procedures, reagents, and equipment follow applicable guidelines, standards and regulations. The materials and equipment listed below are recommended for use with the Dynabeads® CD3⁄CD28 CTS™ procedures. Alternative materials and equipment may be used. Materials that are not included, but are required to perform the procedures:
- Dynabeads® ClinExVivo™ Epoxy – Cat. no. 402.01D
- DynaMag™ CTS™ (Magnetic Particle concentrator) Cat. no. 121.02
- Dynal® MPC™-1 (Magnetic Particle concentrator) Cat. no. 120-01D
- PBS (Gibco ) [Note: PBS must be calcium and magnesium free.]
- Anti-coagulant solution e.g. ACD-A, Baxter)
- Pooled Human Serum (HS) (Cambrex or Valley Biomedical) heat inactivated at 56°C for 1 hour or autologous serum [Note: autologous serum may be used, although significant donor to donor variation should be expected]
- OpTmizerTM T-Cell Expansion SFM (Gibco) serum free 1x formulation designed to support the culture and expansion of human T cells (or equivalent).
- L-glutamine, (Gibco).
- HEPES buffer, (Gibco)
- IL-2, Proleukin® (Chiron)
- 1-Bags (Baxter Lifecell® or CellGenix Vuelife™)
- 3-L Culture Bags (Baxter Lifecell® or CellGenix Vuelife™)
- Sampling site coupler with female luer (Charter Medical)
- Terumo TSCD® Sterile Tubing Welder
- 40μm - 80μm In-line Transfusion Filter (Pall)
- 10-lead harness sets (compatible with Terumo SCD 312 welder), (Charter Medical)
- Hemostats tube clamp
- COBE 2991 Cell Washer Disposable Set (COBE/Gambro) or Cytomate Disposable Set (Baxter)
- Cell mixer (e.g. Heidolph Polymax 2040)
- Plasma thawing device (e.g. Thermogenesis MT202)
- Bioreactor (e.g. Wave Bioreactor)
Media Preparation
Buffer 1
PBS without Ca2+ and Mg2+, with 5% heat inactivated Pooled Human Serum (HS).
Incomplete Medium:
OpTmizerTM T-Cell Expansion SFM (Gibco) serum free 1x formulation designed to support the culture and expansion of human T cells (or equivalent).
Complete Medium:
Prepare fresh Complete Medium every week by adding 200 IU/mL IL-2 to the Incomplete Medium.
Equilibrate Complete Medium to room temperature prior to use.
Important Information
Follow universal precautions when working with human serum, plasma, or blood products. All human samples must be treated as a potential source of HIV, HBV, and other blood borne pathogens. Gloves and a lab coat must be worn when samples. Materials contaminated with blood products must be decontaminated by an approved chemical method and disposed of in labeled biohazard containers.
Solution transfers that are not performed in a closed system, such as spike connections and open containers, must be performed under a class 100 biological safety cabinet (BSC) using aseptic techniques. The protocol below is specifically written to provide guidance for activation (3) and expansion (1, 5) of human T cells from cryopreserved apheresed products.
Cultures may also be initiated from non-cryopreserved fresh samples, or samples derived from sources other than apheresis, such as Ficoll separated whole blood (1, 3), cord blood (2) or bone marrow (7). As each sample source and method of T cell or blood collection may vary, procedures may require specific modifications to maximize cell recovery, viability, activation and expansion. Such modifications must be determined empirically. Throughout the protocol below, points to consider will be provided for possible protocol variations that may be appropriate under certain experimental conditions, such as gene modification or working with particular disease tissues.
Points to note are listed in brackets ([…]) throughout the protocol below. These identify areas where modifications should be considered for specific circumstances.
Dynabeads® Washing Protocol
Wash Dynabeads® CD3⁄CD28 CTS™ twice before use to avoid potential transfer of residual antibody. Vials of Dynabeads® CD3⁄CD28 CTS™ are at negative pressure – liquid must be displaced with air and vice versa.
- Place one 10 ml vial of Dynabeads® CD3⁄CD28 CTS™ on the MPC-1 for 1 min.
- Aseptically remove the supernatant.
- Remove the vial from the MPC-1.
- Aseptically add 10 ml Buffer 1 to the vial and mix.
- Place the vial on the MPC-1 for 1 min.
- Aseptically remove the supernatant.
- Repeat steps 4 to 6.
- Resuspend the beads in 10 ml of Buffer 1 and keep the washed beads in a refrigerator until further use.
Starting Material
The preferred starting material is cryopreserved human PBMC obtained from leukapheresis product (5). The starting material can also be enriched for specific T cell subsets, such as CD4+ T cells (8) or CD25+ T cells (9, 10, 11). For optimal T cell activation and expansion it is recommended that freshly collected samples are cryopreserved and thawed prior to use. [Cryopreservation and subsequent thawing facilitates lysis of granulocyte and other cell types that can suppress T cell activation and expansion. This may be particularly important when working with samples from patients in certain disease states where granulocyte counts are elevated.] Alternatively, PBMC from freshly obtained leukapheresis product may be activated and expanded without cryopreservation. If fresh samples are used it is recommended to deplete monocytes with Dynabeads® (12, 13). We recommend to use Dynabeads® ClinExVivo™ Epoxy for monocyte depletion.
For maximum activation and expansion of T cells in PBMC, magnetically capture CD3+ T cells prior to culture initiation (1, 2). Magnetic concentration is not required if T cells or T cell subsets have been enriched prior to activation and expansion (e.g. purified CD4+ T cells) (8).
Separation and Expansion of Cryopreserved Apheresis Cells
This procedure is for separation (1, 2) and expansion (1, 5) of 5x108 CD3+ T cells. Adjust the volumes accordingly when using higher/lower cell numbers.
Thawing and Washing of Cryopreserved Apheresis Cells
- Remove the required number of bags containing cryopreserved apheresis cells from liquid N vapour storage. 2
- Thaw the bag(s) in a plasma thawing device or by equivalent methods.
- To prevent cell clumping, add anti-coagulant solution aseptically to thawed cells to a final concentration of 10%.
- Slowly dilute the cell suspension 1:1 in Buffer 1.
- Wash the cells in Buffer 1 according to the cell washer manufacturer's recommendations.
- Resuspend the cells in 50-60 ml of Buffer 1. If the volume exceeds 60 ml, perform a centrifugation step to reduce the volume.
- Incubate the cells for 60 min in Buffer 1 at room temperature to allow dead or dying cells to aggregate and subsequently be removed via a blood filter as described below.
- Filter the cells through an In-line Transfusion Filter with cut-off between 40-80 μm. The cells are now ready for further processing.
- Remove 1 ml of the sample from the leukapheresis bag. Calculate the number of CD3+ T cells by flow cytometry, and determine the viability of the cells with trypan blue staining.
Magnetic Separation and Culture of CD3+ T Cells
It has been shown that magnetic pre-selection of CD3+ T cells can improve subsequent T cell expansion (1, 2). The recommended standard procedure described below uses a ratio of three Dynabeads® CD3⁄CD28 CTS™ per CD3+ T cell (Fig. 1). [If the starting sample contains less than 25% CD3+ T cells, replace Buffer 1 with Incomplete Medium in the procedures below.]
- Dilute the cells to approx. 1 x 107 CD3+ T cells/ml in Buffer 1. For the standard procedure of processing 5 x 108+ T cells, dilute the sample in 50-60 ml of Buffer 1.
- Use a 1L bag for CD3+ T cell separation. Add 100 ml of air to the bag.
- Add 5 x 108 CD3+ T cells to the 1L bag in 50-60 ml Buffer 1.
- Add 4.0 ml (corresponding to 1.6 x 109 Dynabeads®) of washed Dynabeads® CD3⁄CD28 CTS™ per 5 x 108 CD3+ T cells and immediately proceed to the next step.
- Place the bag on a cell mixer and mix for 30 min at room temperature to gently mix the cells and the Dynabeads®. [If the starting sample contains less than 25% CD3+ T cells it may be beneficial to mix the sample for 1-2 hours in Incomplete Medium instead of Buffer 1. Optimise the mixing temperature between 4-25°C for each application.]
- Prepare 150 ml of Buffer 1 in a 300 ml bag.
- After mixing, remove the 1L bag from the mixer and drain 150 ml of Buffer 1 into the bag. [Note: Handle the 1L bag very gently, to not disrupt the bead/cell complexes.] Place the 1L bag directly on the DynaMag™ CTS™. Adjust the magnet to a 60° angle.
- Leave the bag on the DynaMag™ CTS™ for 1 min to capture the bead-bound CD3+ T cells. While on the magnet, open the 1L bag containing the captured cells and drain waste fluid out in waste bag via gravity. Remove the bag containing the captured cells from the magnet immediately after all waste fluid has been drained.
- Immediately add approximately 300 ml Complete Medium to the 1L bag containing the captured cells and gently resuspend the cell/bead complexes.
- Obtain a 3L bag
- Transfer the cell/bead complexes from the 1L bag into a 3L bag. Wash the 1L bag with Complete Medium and transfer the residual cells to the 3L bag.
- Repeat media wash of the 1L bag and transfer the residual cells to the 3L bag until the volume in the 3L bag has reached 1000 ml.
- Place the 3L bag in an incubator at 37°C/ 5% CO2 until Day 3 of culture. [Note; Using a bioreactor, e.g. Wave Bioreactor, will increase expansion efficiency via perfusion and improved aeration (rocking). Whereas typical cell densities rarely exceed 2-3 x 106 T cells/ml in static cultures, bioreactor systems can readily maintain viable T cells at densities of 2-4 x 107 T cells/ml.]
- Collect a sample of the non-captured cell fraction and manually count the number of non-captured cells.
- Stain the non-captured cells for CD3 expression and evaluate by flow cytometry to calculate depletion efficacy.
Counting and Splitting of Cultures
The cell concentration should be evaluated daily beginning on day 3 of culture.
- Gently mix the bag to help dissociate cell/bead complexes and to resuspend the cells before removing 1-2 ml cell suspension for counting.
- Again, mix the sample well to resuspend cells so as to ensure maximum dissociation of beads from cells. This will improve cell count accuracy.
- Take an aliquot of cells and mix 1:1 with trypan blue staining solution and manually count on a hemotocytometer (do not remove the Dynabeads® before counting). Determine cell density and viability. [Caution: insufficient mixing of bead/cell complexes may result in cell count underestimates as they will not migrate efficiently under hemocytometer coverslips.]
- Stain cells for CD3 expression and evaluate by flow cytometry to calculate the number of CD3+ T cells in the bag.
- Determine the total cell volume by weighing the bag.
- When CD3+ T cell density exceeds 1 x 106 cells/ml, dilute the cells to approximately 0.5 x 106 CD3+ T cells/ml in Complete Medium.
- Split the cultures to new 3L bags when needed. [Note: T cell growth typically slows as T cell concentrations increase above 1-2 x 106 T cells/ml, so adjust T cell numbers to ~0.5 x 106/ml to help maintain the cells in log phase growth.]
- Repeat counting of cells daily and dilute cells in fresh Complete Medium to 0.5 x 106/ml.
Harvesting of Expanded CD3+ T Cells
- Harvest cells on an optimal day for your application (usually day 8-12).
- Remove the 3L bags from the incubator. Remove a sample from a representative number of bags for cell count and FACS analysis. Perform the cell counts as described above.
- Remove the beads by passing the cell culture over the DynaMag™ CTS™ using gravity driven flow. Determine the angle of the MPC empirically between 0-60°. To achieve a flow rate of up to 150 ml/min, the bags containing cells and beads must be suspended from the pole so that the fluid level is 85-90 cm above the cell collection bags.
- Concentrate the cells and washed using a cell washer.
- Perform a final bead removal twice by placing the bag on the DynaMag™ CTS™. Adjust the magnet to a 60° angle. After 1 min, drain the cells into a new bag via gravity.
- Determination of residual beads can be performed as described in Reference 13.
Cryopreservation of Expanded CD3+ T Cells
- Prepare cryopreservation medium and cryopreserve the expanded T Cells.
- Store the final product of expanded T cells in the vapour phase of a liquid N2 storage unit.
Separation and Expansion of Fresh (non-cryopreserved) Apheresis Cells
[Note: During thawing of cryopreserved PBMC, contaminating granulocytes tend to lyse, thereby diminishing inhibitory effects they may have upon T cell expansion (5). If working with fresh, non-cryopreserved samples, allow for contaminating granulocytes. It is recommended that for initiation of cultures with non-cryopreserved samples, the Magnetic Concentration method described above is employed. Overall T cell activation and expansion can be further improved by specifically depleting phagocytic cells, such as monocytes, using Dynabeads® ClinExVivo™ Epoxy prior to magnetic concentration and culture initiation (12, 13). This is particularly useful when monocyte levels are >15% of total PBMC.]
- Dilute PBMC to 5-10 x 106 cells/ml in Incomplete Medium (pre-warmed to 37°C).
- Wash Dynabeads® ClinExVivo™ Epoxy as described above for Dynabeads® CD3⁄CD28 CTS™.
- Add Dynabeads® ClinExVivo™ Epoxy to the PBMC at a 1-2 beads per total nucleated cells in a sterile culture bag. It may be preferred to use 2 beads per nucleated cell when monocyte levels are >15% of total PBMC.
- Place the bag into a humidified incubator at 37°C/ 5% CO2 for one hour. [During the one hour incubation, beads and cells come into contact via gravity at the bottom of the bag and monocytes will ingest beads.]
- Remove the bag of cells and beads from the incubator after 1 hour. Gently mix the cells and beads before removing Dynabeads® ClinExVivo™ Epoxy and any cells that have ingested beads using a Dynal® ClinExVivo™
- Allow ~50mL of Incomplete Medium to flow into the bag containing the bead:cell complexes. Mix well and transfer the medium containing residual cells to the bag containing unbound cells.
- Count the cells in the bag, stain for CD3 and evaluate by flow cytometry to calculate the number of CD3+ T cells in the sample.
- Adjust the cell concentration to 1 x 107 CD3+ T cells/ml in Incomplete Medium.
- Perform capture of CD3+ T cells as described above. [Note: magnetic concentration should be done in Incomplete Medium in place of Buffer 1 after monocyte/phagocytic cell depletion using Dynabeads® ClinExVivo™ Epoxy.]
- Following capture of CD3+ T cells, prepare cells for culture initiation.
- Place the bag with cells and Dynabeads® CD3⁄CD28 CTS™ in an incubator at 37°C/ 5% CO2 until Day 3 of culture.
- Count and split cell culture as described above.
MPC. Adjust the primary magnet to a 60° angle and transfer non-captured cells to a new 1L bag using gravity.
Procedures Incorporating Gene Transduction
Typically, for all culture conditions described earlier, T cells from normal donor samples begin cycling and start to divide between day 2 and 3 of culture (4, 8). Day 1, 2 and/or 3 are recommended as optimal days for transduction using lentivirus based vectors (14). Magnetic removal of beads prior to transduction will diminish overall cell expansion, but should not affect viability. Leaving beads in during the retroviral transduction process should be acceptable for most transduction applications.
[Note: T cells obtained from patients with various diseases and/or undergoing various treatments may be slower at entering cell cycle and cell division may not commence until 1, 2 or even 3 days later than typically observed for samples from healthy donors. For example, T cells from patients with HIV infection may be slower to start cell cycling, as may be samples from patients with certain kinds of cancer (e.g. chronic lymphocytic leukemia) (1, 8, 15). Thus it is important to monitor T cell activation markers, such as CD25, as well as cell division to determine optimal splitting schedules and timing for gene modification.]
Invitrogen Dynal® AS conforms to the Quality Systems Standard ISO 9001:2000 and ISO 13485:2003 with the following scope: "Development, manufacturing, marketing and sales of Dynospheres®, Dynabeads® and associated products to customers that work within immunology, biological and clinical research, cell based therapy and in vitro diagnostics." In the United States, Dynabeads® CD3⁄CD28 CTS™ is available for use in clinical trials under an approved IND or IDE.
USA (Device Master File)
A Device Master File is held with the United States Food & Drug Administration (FDA), which will assist users with their application for FDA approvals on their clinical trials. If cross-referencing the Device Master File is of interest to an Investigational New Drug (IND) Application or other applications, please contact Invitrogen Dynal® with the sponsor's and/or investigator's full name and address, along with project name and aim. This information is required by Invitrogen Dynal® to issue a Letter of Authorisation, informing the FDA who has been authorized to cross-reference the Master File for their IND application.
Technical Service
Please contact Invitrogen Dynal® AS for further technical information at www.invitrogen.com Certificate of Analysis (CoA) is available upon request.
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) is available at .
- Bonyhadi M et al. (2005) In vitro engagement of CD3 and CD28 corrects T cell defects in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. J Immunol. 174:2366- 2375.
- Parmar S et al. (2006) Ex vivo expanded umbilical cord blood T cells maintain naive phenotype and TCR diversity. Cytotherapy 8:149-157.
- Coito S et al. (2004) Retrovirus-mediated gene transfer in human primary T lymphocytes induces an activation- and transduction/selectiondependent TCR-B variable chain repertoire skewing of gene-modified cells. Stem Cells and Development 13:71-81.
- Levine BL et al. (1997) Effects of CD28 costimulation on long-term proliferation of CD4+ T cells in the absence of exogenous feeder cells. J Immunol. 159: 5921-5930.
- Hami L et al. (2003) Comparison of a static process and a biorector-based process for the GMP manufactur of autologous Xcellerated T cells for clinical trials. BioProcessing Journal 2:1-10.
- Kalamasz D et al. (2004) Optimization of human T-cell expansion ex vivo using magnetic beads conjugated with ani-CD3 and anti-CD28 antibodies. J Immunother. 27:405-418.
- Noonan K et al. (2005) Activated marrow-infiltrating lymphocytes effectively target plasma cells and their clonogenic precursors. Cancer Res 65:2026-2034.
- Levine BL et al. (1996) Antiviral effect and ex vivo CD4+ T cell proliferation in HIV-positive patients as a result of CD28 costimulation. Science 272:1939-1943.
- Earle KE et al. (2005) In vitro expanded human CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells suppress effector T cell proliferation. Clinical Immunology 115:3-9.
- Godfrey WR et al. (2004) In vitro-expanded human CD4+CD25+ T-regulatory cells can markedly inhibit allogeneic dendritic cell-stimulated MLR cultures. Blood 104:453-461.
- Godfrey WR et al. (2005) Cord blood CD4+CD25+-derived T regulatory cell lines express FoxP3 protein and manifest potent suppressor function. Blood 105:750-758.
- Porter DL et al. (2006) A phase 1 trial of donor lymphocyte infusions expanded and activated ex vivo via CD3/CD28 costimulation. Blood 107:1325-1331.
- Levine BL et al. (1998) Large-scale production of CD4+ T cells from HIV-1-infected donors after CD3/CD28 costimulation. J Hematother. 7:437-448.
- Bondanza A et al. (2006) Suicide gene therapy of graft-versus-host disease induced by central memory human T lymphocytes. Blood 107: 1828-1836.
- Mitsuyasu RT et al. (2000) Prolonged survival and tissue trafficking following adoptive transfer of CD4ζ gene-modified autologous CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in human immunodeficiency virusinfected subjects. Blood 96:785-793.


text:
Thrivent funding
In 2004, Minneapolis-based Thrivent Financial for Lutherans funded ELCA campus ministry efforts at four universities with high multicultural populations. The projects were originally conceived as a
way to develop peer-to-peer ministries that would
enhance the Lutheran presence on multicultural campuses in Baltimore; San Antonio and Edinburgh, Texas; Rapid City and Spearfish, S.D.; and Cambridge, Mass.
The programs worked through peer ministries among Latinos on the two Texas campuses, among Native Americans in South Dakota, and Taiwanese students in Cambridge and Boston.
Of the various efforts, Morgan State University in Baltimore developed the greatest student involvement. There the program evolved to emphasize community service rather than peer ministry. Leaders of the Morgan State ministry said they are looking for new sources of funding after the Thrivent grant runs out in July 2007. They hope to fund the program for five more years.
Morgan State University, getting involved with Lutheran Campus Ministry offers opportunities to serve the surrounding Baltimore community.
The goal of "Outreach Through Service Learning at Morgan State University" is to develop a different kind of Lutheran Campus Ministry on a historically African American college campus. Organizers hope it will point the way for Lutheran ministries on campuses of all types across the country.
Through a Lutheran Campus Ministry program, Morgan State University
student Kristen Foreman tutors Syan, 4, at St. John Lutheran Church in
Baltimore. Program directors use the service model to attract African
American students who aren't familiar with the Lutheran church.
The rest of this article is only available to subscribers.
© 2016 Augsburg Fortress, Publishers


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Cannot get mDP to DL DVI working on Envy 14 to use a 30 inch monitor
I picked up an Accell mini Displayport to Dual link DVI active adapter to drive a Dell 30 inch monitor. I have everything in order but the ATI software will not detect the display. I thought it was defective so I ran down to the local Best Buy store and it worked fine driving an Apple Cinema display from a MacBook mDP port. Additionally, I borrowed a MacBook to try on my Dell and it also worked. It looks to be something specific to the Envy 14. I have two units so I know it is not the a system specific thing (32 bit and 64 bit Windows 7). I am at a loss why it does not work. I cannot find any specific settings with Catalyst to force the monitor to be detected. Anyone have any ideas?
Re: Cannot get mDP to DL DVI working on Envy 14 to use a 30 inch monitor
I don't have a solution, but I have the same problem. I bought the same Accell adapter and the connected displays are not detected, and like you, the adapter works on my friend's laptop with a mini-displayport. I'm hoping it's a software/driver problem and not laptop. I've tried several dvi cables (both dual-link and single-link) and several monitors without luck.
Re: Cannot get mDP to DL DVI working on Envy 14 to use a 30 inch monitor
Same problem here.
I cannot get a Monoprice-brand mini-display-port -> DVI adapter to work with my Dell 22" monitor. My VGA adapter works fine (though the image is shimmery) but i thought the DVI conversion would be more simple because it's D->D.
Anyone get this to work that isn't using the $50 HP adapter?
I updated the bios and video-drivers but no dice.
Re: Cannot get mDP to DL DVI working on Envy 14 to use a 30 inch monitor
I have a similar problem. I try hooking up my VGA monitor with an mDP_to_VGA adapter. The Catalyst Control Center will not find the monitor. It seems likely to me that this is a driver problem, however I'm shure i have the latest version from HP and downloading from ATI is not an option while you loose much of the laptop functionality that way.
The other problem is the complete lack of information on the issue, this community string is all I've found.
If any of you find a solution to the non-woorking mDP plaese post it!
Re: Cannot get mDP to DL DVI working on Envy 14 to use a 30 inch monitor[ Edited ]
10-06-2010 06:28 AM - edited 10-06-2010 06:32 AM
The mdp-to-vga-issue seems to be a huge problem, affecting many units of model HP Envy 14-1085eo, maybe even other models of the Envy-series. Me and my work colleagues all have the same problem as eioshaugstad - Unable to successfully connect to external monitor with mdp-to-vga-adapter cable.
I have tried a mac clone mdp (male)-to-vga female)-adapter + vga-extension cable, which resulted in the external monitor not recognizing any signal at all. I have had some success with a mdp (male)-to-vga (male) connected directly from laptop to external monitor (not using a vga-extension cable). The monitor recognizes the signal but any resolution set above 1280x800 will result in a distorted picture, and my monitor's recommended resolution is 1680x1050.
I have tried connecting to several different monitors with the same result. Tried updating the graphics card driver and bios, to no avail. I notified HP tech support, who in turn told me to send it for repair - The motherboard was supposed to be replaced but the waiting time for a new motherboard was about 2 months. So finally, I got a new machine - But the problem presists, which leads me to suspect that this is a major design flaw either from HP or AMD (who manufactures the ATI 5650 graphics card).
I have talked to HP's tech support in Sweden (since I reside in Sweden) but no one takes responsibility, according to HP there is no product specialist for this model in Sweden, so no one can- or are willing to give me a guaranteed working solution. HP sells a HDMI-to-VGA converter but it is ridiculously expensive in Sweden - Around 220 USD for a refurbished one.
This issue is both critical and urgent and I wouldn't be surprised if HP has to recall all Envy 14 models from the market. I'm only hoping the issue can be resolved with a software update very soon.
Re: Cannot get mDP to DL DVI working on Envy 14 to use a 30 inch monitor[ Edited ]
10-06-2010 01:02 PM - edited 10-06-2010 01:13 PM
Similar issue at my university - an Envy 14 that cannot connect to an external display using any Mini DisplayPort to VGA adapter. Our Mini DisplayPort to DVI adapter works just fine, but all our projectors are VGA.
HP had us send the Envy in for service. It came back with no explanation of any work done.
HP support tells us this is now a 'known issue' that may be fixed in software at some undefined future date.
HP supplied us with an HDMI to VGA adapter, and it works fine. We asked them for an HDMI to DVI adapter as well. With all the reports of problems with the Mini DisplayPort, we don't trust our MDP to DVI to continue working.
HP Service also did not return to us the AC power cord from our AC adapter. When we asked them for an HDMI-DVI adapter and our power cord back, they promptly sent us a 2nd HDMI-VGA adapter, and - wait for it - a 2nd AC adapter, minus, of course, the AC cord.
They have no idea how to fix our problem, return our parts to us, or ship the correct parts, but at least they're fast.
Re: Cannot get mDP to DL DVI working on Envy 14 to use a 30 inch monitor
Got HP support on chat as to why my Monoprice adapter didn't work (http://www.monoprice.com/products/product.asp?c_id
Here's the discussion:
Q: Am I the only one having this problem connecting mDP to DVI?
A: This issue has been reported to HP previously. This has been escalated to the engineering department and they are presently working on this issue.
Q: Would it be fixed by ordering the HP-supplied adapter?
A: This issue has been found even with an ATI Eyefinity certified Active MDP to DVI/HDMI/VGA adapters. Only MDP to DP adapters works presently with this port. We are presently collecting more information on this issue so that we can forward this to the engineering department.
The adapter that you are presently using is a passive adapter. This issue should be fixed through a BIOS update. But we have not been notified about the release date of the BIOS update. We are sorry for the inconvenience caused.
I guess we wait...
Re: Cannot get mDP to DL DVI working on Envy 14 to use a 30 inch monitor
I would like to connect my Envy 14 to a VGA monitor port or VGA projector port.
I'm using Apple's mini displayport to VGA adapter which Apple claims is an active adapter in their knowledge base.
(Since I'm only connecting to a single external monitor, I believe I should be able to use a passive or active cable.)
I get no signal output to my monitor. I've tried the same adapter plugged in to my Mac Mini mini displayport and it works just fine.
HP Support has been really frustrating to work with on this issue. When I asked the agent if she even knew there were active and passive adapters, she said she would have to do more research and that next-level support would call me back in 4-24 hours. Of course, it never happened.
Is something wrong with my graphics card (HD5650), is this a known design issue, is there another adapter I should be using?
Re: Cannot get mDP to DL DVI working on Envy 14 to use a 30 inch monitor
If you have a DVI-D port on your monitor, you can use a hdmi to dvi-d cable to get any higher resolution higher than 1920x1080. I have a 2048x1152 monitor DELL SP2309w and it works perfectly with a hdmi to dvi-d cable.
Re: Cannot get mDP to DL DVI working on Envy 14 to use a 30 inch monitor
Has anyone tried connecting a HP ENVY 14 (1085eo) with a HP HDMI-to-VGA adapter, to a VGA-screen with a resolution of at least 1680x1050 at 60 Hz, and confirm this to be working?
Thanks in advance!
- Troubleshooting display brightness (Windows8, Windows7 and Widnows Vista)
- HP PCs - Sleep and Hibernate Issues (Windows 10, 8)
- HP PCs - Updating Drivers and Software with Windows Update (Windows 10, 8)
- HP Notebook PCs - Touch Screen Issues (Windows 8)
- HP Notebook PCs - Green Screen and Other Video Playback Issues (Windows 10)


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Give a vote of support to Valley Stream's school budgets
(Page 3 of 3)
Board meetings in February and March were tense. Dozens of students, teachers, parents and community members rose to protest cuts that were being presented. Parents of private-school students organized against changes to the transportation system that were being considered.
Through it all, a proposed budget emerged, one that definitely will offer students less next year. The rifle, bowling and golf teams will be eliminated. More than two dozen teachers and support staff employees will lose their jobs. Class sizes will rise.
Yet we still support this budget. Why? Because if it fails, the situation will be much worse. Tack on another $2.5 million worth of cuts. We don't want to see programs decimated any further.
The $106.2 million spending plan is far from ideal. But it is a reality of the economic pressures school districts face. There are still a lot of opportunities for students that would be preserved, from college-level courses to career readiness programs.
More cuts would be downright devastating. Support the high school district's budget.
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Quilting Artists
Yoshiko Jinzenji
In more than 30 years of fine art quilt making, Jinzenji has merged different cultural styles from the stitching handiwork of the Amish and Mennonites to the patchwork alter cloths of her native Japan.
The minimalism of her work adds to its quiet power.
She uses antique fabrics collected from around the world in some of her quilts and vibrant tropical natural dyes or innovative synthetic in others. Her art is exhibited around the world.
Yoshiko is the author of Quilt Artistry: Inspired Designs from the East. This hardcover book has been described as equaling her quilting in beauty and inspiration.
She lives in Kyoto, Japan and has a studio in Bali, Indonesia.


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Twitter, Skype and Virtual Closets: Students Get Ready for School
As the end of August approaches, I see some of my fellow classmates and even a few of my professors fall victim to back to school fever. Stores offer discounts on pencils, notebooks and the latest fashions, and teachers research new ways to entertain and relate to their students. While blackboards, overheads and chalk are common words associated with back to school season, social media tools are joining in on the fun.
According to Mashable, educators are utilizing new technology such as social media in response to over-sized classrooms and poorly motivated students. Author and educator, Greg Ferenstein, reports that Twitter and Skype are finding their way into the classroom:
- Instead of a syllabi that can get lost or thrown away, teachers are adopting Twitter to send out homework assignments and answer student questions.
- As a homework alternative, students are asked to write two to three education-related tweets a day.
- Twitter is being used by students to collaborate among each other.
- Students in foreign language classes are encouraged to talk to peers who are native to the language and live overseas.
- Skype also offers a unique way for students to meet for group projects – addressing scheduling constraints and alternative outlets for teacher inquiries.
As the classroom changes, so do the ways students prepare for school. Meez , a "virtual" playground, enables users to engage in social and multimedia activities to prepare for fall. A few years back, Sears partnered with Meez to create a back to school virtual closet for users. Students were able to make avatars, build a closet and try on clothes via their avatars. All of the outfit choices were available at Sears, and Meez offered users a captivating way to try out different fashions for the new school season. While Sears is not currently keeping up with with the virtual closet, companies like Vogue and Seventeen enable users to personalize an avatar to test out different outfits, and offer fashion tips based on users' eye colors and hairstyles.
While I have not experimented with a virtual closet, I do have my first day of school outfit picked out and am full speed ahead on Twitter and Skype. Looking forward to the start of classes next week, marking my last year of grad school, I am trying to figure out ways to balance school and work. Luckily for me, I am continuing as an intern in the social media department and as schools adopt new technology, I have the best teachers (Karlie, Sarah, Jeff and Jess) at HM&P to help me transition.


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Home > News > Nation
Sunday, 2 March 2014
by hariati azizan
Push for unity: File picture of volunteers from civil society groups holding up anti-racism placards. It is clear that many are tired of the racial and religious consci ousness that has pervaded this country, and that we are ready for a rational dialogue on race and religion. — IZZRAFIQ ALIAS / The Star.
The proposal to remove the race category in official forms has been raised again, but, as experience shows, it will not be as easy to do.
WHERE are you really from?" "Where are your people from?"
You might remember these questions in the comic video What Kind of Asian Are You? by Los Angeles-based artist Ken Tanaka last year.
In the two-minute video, an Asian-American jogger (played by actress Stella Choe) meets a fellow jogger who insists on getting to the bottom of her ethnic heritage by bombarding her with those oh-so-familiar questions.
The video attracted tens of thousands of hits as it struck a nerve with many around the world who have been or are constantly interrogated about their ethnicity.
What sent the video viral, however, was Choe's response. Instead of just putting up with it, as polite society tends to do, she prodded her interrogator, a white American, with her own questions: "Where are your people really from? A regular American, you mean you're Native American?"
We, of course, have our own version of the racial probe "But what (kind of Malaysian) are you?"
In fact, the question "Bangsa apa or what race?" is an unavoidable rite of passage for all Malaysians.
Tanaka's wry take on racial prejudice shows how a calm and open – albeit witty and dosed with lots of humour – approach can ease the tension in prickly situations.
This was what the National Unity Consultative Council (NUCC) tried to achieve in its first unity dialogue session "Voice of the Grassroots" at Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka in Kuala Lumpur recently.
And to a certain extent it succeeded. After all, when was the last time we heard people express their thoughts on the so-called sensitive issues like racial identity, religious sensitivities, meritocracy, economic issues, and pork in public?
The dialogue chair, NUCC deputy chairman Tan Sri Lee Lam Thye, told the crowd at the start that "We are here to listen" and they took it to heart.
When a participant said, "Respect needs to be mutual. We are sensitive about serving pork at public events like PIBG (Parent-Teacher Association) meetings but not sensitive about serving beef which cannot be taken by Malaysian Hindus" to a complaint from another participant that there are now rude, young Malaysians who demand their rights to sit at the same table as him with their pork dish even though they know he is Muslim, everyone just listened.
When another said, "We all belong to one race – human race. But if God had made us all the same, it would be boring," the crowd erupted with cheerful applause.
It did seem naïve at times but judging from the cordial and open mood of the session, it was clear that many are tired of the racial and religious consciousness that has pervaded this country, and that maybe we are really ready for a rational dialogue on race and religion.
At the dialogue, the de facto National Unity Minister, Minister in the Prime's Minister Department Tan Sri Joseph Kurup, proposed that the "race" column be scrapped from all forms in the country, noting that "50 years since the formation of Malaysia, sadly we are still separated by race and religious identity."
In many ways, this echoes Prime Minister Datuk Seri Najib Tun Razak's own words at the unveiling of the NUCC: "If we do not see each other through the lens of race or religion, then we can attain the peak of nation building."
The proposal has deservedly earned kudos from various parties despite the quiet acknowledgement that it may be easier said than done.
As many have pointed out, with the practice of seeing and casting everything through racial lens so deeply entrenched in our society, the main challenge is to get the average Malaysian out of their comfort zone.
Dr Chandra Muzaffar, chairman of the Yayasan 1Malaysia Board of Trustees agrees. "Ethnicity pervades our lives. It is at the core of the consciousness of most Malaysians... it has become a sort of social habit in Malaysia… It (eliminating the ethnic category in certain forms) has to be done gradually and with a great deal of sensitivity."
Dr Chandra speaks from experience as Yayasan 1Malaysia (Y1M) had, in 2011, called for a review on the inclusion of ethnic category in forms.
"We too believed that eliminating the ethnic category in certain forms issued by both the public and private sectors will help, in a modest way, to reduce the present preoccupation with ethnic affiliation."
He says the foundation had reached out to various public and private entities to persuade them to review ethnicity in their forms but the response was divided.
"While some gave their endorsement, there were others who had their reservations," he says.
The Government too had tried to go down this road in August 2009 when it announced the Cabinet's decision to study a move to do away with the race requirement in official forms. It had, similarly, been lauded by various parties.
Tan Sri Simon Sipaun, then vice-chairman of the Human Rights Commission of Malaysia (Suhakam), had told this paper: "If you want unity, why emphasise on differences?"
Others who came out in support of the move in the local press included Malaysian Employers Federation (MEF) executive director Shamsuddin Bardan who said: "If we aspire to be 1Malaysia, nationality should be our priority, (not race)."
One nation
Women's Aid Organisation executive director Ivy Josiah said that dropping the "race" column should only be a start. "We should also scrap race-based policies and race-based political parties and stand as one nation."
Then MIC vice-president Datuk S. Veerasingam had also expressed similar views: "When we read the word 'race' in a form, some people may think that special preference will be given to a specific race. So we must do away with this."
Unfortunately, the plan quietly died out, so much so that a quick survey among the public last week showed that many had forgotten that it was even mooted less than five years ago.
In fact, in 2011, it was highlighted that the Universities Admission Unit had asked for applicants to state their sub-race or dialect group under the race column. In other words, Indian applicants had to tick either Malayalee, Punjabi, Indian Muslim or others, while Malays had to state if they are Bugis, Boyan, Jawa, Jawi Pekan or Minangkabau.
The Higher Education Ministry later explained that it was to help the authorities to verify applicants' citizenship status with the National Registration Department (JPN).
In 2011, Subang Jaya assemblywoman Hannah Yeoh and her husband Ramachandran Muniandy tried to register their new-born daughter as Anak Malaysia in the race column of her birth certificate. They were told by the department that not only was it unacceptable, they also risked losing their child's rights as a citizen if they didn't conform to the convention.
Perhaps, if the issue gets complicated and threatens to disappear under the pile again, we can take a note from Perkasa president Datuk Ibrahim Ali's views when brushing off the new proposal to remove the race column from official forms nationwide: The forms are only paper. Why fear the change?
Tags / Keywords:
race form
A single identity could be the key to unity
Harith and Tony Fernandes joke about 'extra charges' in video promoting comedian's new show
MCA against PAS' hudud not Islam, says Chong
Sabah is not your political football, Duterte told
Mah also says ready to resign from Cabinet over hudud
In poorer financial health
For a hopping great time where else but Kangaroo Island!
Ferrari, Red Bull, Mercedes first to test 2017 tyres
Sarawak Laksa draws a lot of attention from Singaporeans
Push for encryption law falters despite Apple case spotlight
Copyright © 1995- Star Media Group Berhad (ROC 10894D)


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Medical Marijuana Legalization: Good or Bad Idea?
Kristy Vo, PharmD Intern and Jennifer K Seltzer, PharmD
March 6, 2013
Legalizing marijuana for medical purposes continues to be a controversial topic. Currently, eighteen states and the District of Columbia have enacted laws to reclassify marijuana from a scheduled I controlled substance to a schedule that would allow physicians to legally prescribe it for approved medical conditions.1 The approved medical conditions for which marijuana may be used is state specific. Advocators believe that therapeutic marijuana would be an effective alternative for traditional therapies that have failed. However, since FDA-approved indications are lacking, marijuana use for medicinal purposes may be limited due to safety and efficacy issues.2,3 There are also concerns about escalated adverse effects, heightened abuse potential, and increased production/availability should legalization occur.3
Marijuana, also known as Cannabis sativa or hemp, is a plant that contains cannabinoids, including Δ-9- tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), cannabidiol, and cannabinol. Cannabinoids are absorbed and distributed rapidly throughout the body due to their lipophilic properties.2,4,5 However, pharmacologic effects differ depending on route of administration (e.g., ingested, chewed, or smoked).2 Two types of cannabinoid receptors exist: CB1 receptors, found in the CNS as well as the lung, reproductive, and vascular endothelial tissue; and CB2 receptors, located in peripheral and immune tissue as well as retinal and microglia cells.2,4,5 THC is a partial CB1 receptor agonist with limited CB2 agonist activity and accounts for most of the psychological effects associated with marijuana use.2,5 THC action at the cannabinoid receptors in neural tissues or opiate receptors in the forebrain leads to indirect inhibition of the emetic center in the medulla oblongata.5
Cannabis use for medical purposes dates back to 1500 BC as recorded in the Chinese Pharmacopeia, the Rh-Ya. The compound was brought to North America by Jamestown settlers in 1611 and was added to the United States Pharmacopeia in 1850. Several ailments for which it was used included neuralgia, tetanus, cholera, rabies, gout, convulsive disorders, leprosy, and incontinence.6 Today, cannabis has been utilized to treat muscle spasticity associated with multiple sclerosis, Crohn's disease, or damage to the spinal cord; anorexia or cachexia associated with AIDs; nausea and vomiting associated with cancer chemotherapy; reduction of intraocular pressure in patients with glaucoma; and chronic pain.2-5 Clinical trial data are limited due to its illegal status, but supportive evidence can be obtained from retrospective data, case studies, and animal studies.4
Legalizing marijuana for medical use is a debatable topic and arguments for and against its use are prevalent. The 1999 Institute of Medicine (IOM) report, "Marijuana and Medicine: Assessing the Science Base", concluded that marijuana's active components are effective for symptomatic relief but are not curative measures for indications such as pain, nausea and vomiting, and appetite stimulation, and should be tested rigorously in clinical trials.7,8 During the 2012 presidential candidate debate which addressed medical marijuana, President Barack Obama supported medical marijuana use for treating conditions such as glaucoma and cancer and equated prescribing marijuana to the prescribing practices of controlled substances such as morphine. Also, in a 2011 interview presented on The Kudlow Report (National Broadcasting Company),US Representative Ron Paul expressed his support for medical marijuana use and proposed that it should be regulated similar to alcohol regulation through bill HR 2306, which allows marijuana to be removed from the list of federally controlled substances.9 In Texas, two bills have been proposed this year. Texas House Bill 184 filed by Representative Harold Dutton (D-Houston) allows for the possession of one ounce of marijuana to be classified as a misdemeanor C instead of misdemeanor B to save state expenses for courts and police arrests as well as reduce overcrowding in jails.10,11 Texas House Bill 594 by Representative Elliott Naishtat (D-Austin) allows a licensed physician to recommend medical marijuana use in patients to treat specific illness without risk of patient or physician punishment and provides patients with an affirmative defense in court, should an arrest occur.11 Alternately, Lev-Ran and cohorts12 addressed a downside of legalizing marijuana for medicinal purposes when examining the relationship between mental illness and cannabis use. In a cross-sectional study using data from over 43,000 respondents participating in the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions, these researchers found that patients with mental illness demonstrated significantly higher weekly marijuana usage compared to individuals without mental illness. Additionally, over a 12-month period, 72% of cannabis users were mentally ill patients, and it was estimated that these patients consumed 83% of all cannabis used by this sample population. Investigators concluded that mentally ill patients should be screened for cannabis use, and should be a key target population for prevention and treatment measures.
While somewhat effective, there are concerns about medical marijuana efficacy, safety, and purity because the FDA does not regulate plants. About fifty years ago, the potency of seized marijuana was approximately 1% THC while today, potencies may reach up to 20% THC. Due to limited regulation, marijuana can be contaminated by molds, fungi, or herbicides. In addition, legalizing marijuana for medical use will impact the practice of medicine in terms of ethical responsibility and liability. Several medical societies such as the American Psychiatric Association, the American Medical Association, and the American Society of Addiction Medicine are opposed to medical marijuana because it is not FDA-approved and is not a standardized or purified product that has sound scientific evidence.3 Marijuana is known to be the most widely abused illegal drug in the world. Because only smoked marijuana is currently available for medical use, there is fear that medical marijuana will be the gateway to legalizing recreational marijuana, which could potentially increase the number of addicted individuals.3 Patients with debilitating conditions may benefit from short-term (less than six months) smoked marijuana if all other treatment regimens have failed, symptoms are expected to be relieved by quick-onset cannabinoids, and treatment is closely assessed by a medical team and analyzed for effectiveness.7, 8 Further research emphasizing evidence-based medicine as opposed to belief-based medicine is necessary to support the use of plant-derived cannabinoids in humans.
> Visit the Drug Information Alert Archive


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The Crash
60 minutes
FRONTLINE explores the global crisis that began as a real estate bust in Thailand and roared through the worlds economyfrom Bangkok to Jakarta to Moscow to Wall Street. On August 31, 1998, the Dow Jones industrial average plunged 512 points, wiping out stock market gains for the entire year. In the United States, small investors watched more than half a trillion dollars of their savings disappear. Fear spread that the global economy was falling apart. The program gathers some of the worlds leading financial analysts to unravel the reasons for the crash of 1998 and to predict whetherand whenit will happen again.
The web site will take a closer look at how the 1998 world financial crisis played out in one country; examine the most significant ideas under discussion for reforming the global economic system; and,will present more of the in-depth interviews with the experts as well as a special readings and links section.
Producer(s): Sherry Jones