text:
|Numéro de publication
|Type de publication
|Numéro de demande
|Numéro PCT
|Date de publication
|18 janv. 1983
|Date de dépôt
|11 juil. 1980
|Date de priorité
|11 juil. 1979
|État de paiement des frais
|Autre référence de publication
|Numéro de publication
|Fritz Karrer, Alberto Pedretti, Per G. Mellgren
|Cessionnaire d'origine
|Fritz Karrer, Alberto Pedretti, Mellgren Per G
|Exporter la citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Citations de brevets (6), Référencé par (8), Classifications (11), Événements juridiques (3)
|Liens externes: USPTO, Cession USPTO, Espacenet
The invention relates to liquid treatment of fiber material and concerns, for instance, the dyeing or bleaching of yarn in the shape of crosswound bobbins, or pieces in the shape of rolls, or also loose material which, for instance, may be treated when packaged, with the invention having herein its objective in achieving a treatment time shorter than required hitherto, and effecting savings by reducing expenditure.
It is known how to perform liquid treatment of fiber material, for instance dyeing and bleaching of textile material, by applying a vacuum in such a manner that the material to be treated is placed into a container, the container evacuated and the preheated treatment fluid then filled into the container, as described in DE Letters Patent No. 19 27 651 and the corresponding U.S. Pat. No. 3,631,691. Since the air contained in the material is removed to the greatest extent by evacuation, the fluid will penetrate the material with greater facility. During the subsequent treatment phase, the fluid is then circulated by means of a pump arranged outside of the container and connected to two chambers arranged within the container, with both chambers being in communication only through the fiber material to be treated, so that, respectively, the treatment liquor or fluid will forcibly be conducted through the material under treatment and the treatment fluid will come into as close as possible a contact with the entire fiber material. This mechanically induced fluid flow will require a considerable quantity of mechanical energy and also costly equipment of the apparatus with a pump, piping and valves, the more so since it has been found that a repeated change of the direction of flow through the fiber material is required in order to obtain the highest possible degree of uniformity in the treatment of the fiber material.
The aforenoted measures as known have already resulted in shortening the treatment time. The invention is based upon the finding that the treatment process may further be shortened and simplified without impairing the success of treatment, when treatment fluid is filled into the container after it has been evacuated, and by subsequently obtaining partial evaporation of the preheated treatment fluid by a reduction of pressure which will result in an intensive motion of the fluid without the need for mechanically induced fluid motion. If the pressure is lowered by a requisite degree, evaporation will ensue within the entire fluid volume and particularly within the fluid absorbed by the fiber material, so that, respectively, a fluid motion or agitation is obtained to accelerate treatment.
Accordingly, the invention provides a process for the liquid treatment of fiber material, particularly for dyeing and bleaching of yarn or textile piecegoods, wherein the fiber material is placed into a container and the preheated fluid filled into the container, in given instances after said container has been evacuated, with the fiber material being impregnated thereby, this process being characterized by the fluid filled into the container effecting, in essence, a motion caused by partial topical evaporation and thus acting upon the fiber material without requiring a mechanically induced flow.
Appropriate embodiments of the process are evidenced from the subordinate claims.
Treatment or, respectively, the activity of the fluid, may take place at subatmospheric, atmospheric, or superatmospheric pressure (static superatmospheric pressure within the system), so that the treatment temperature desired in each individual instance may be maintained.
Partial evaporation during the treatment phase will lead to lowering the treatment-fluid temperature. Such lowering may be accepted in certain circumstances. Since, however, severe cooling down of the fluid will occur in finishing (dyeing and bleaching) in spite of a relatively short treatment time, it will be appropriate to supply the fluid with a quantity of heat that will compensate the thermal loss, and this may be effected by introducing condensing steam into the fluid, so that in given instances the process may be thermally regulated without having to heat the fluid by external means.
The process may be performed with one single fluid charge, in given instances the process may also be repeated or, respectively, applied repeatedly by dewatering the fiber material with the aid of a vacuum pump and, possibly, also by an additional compressed-air supply and by again effecting vacuum impregnation of the fiber material by using the recovered balance of the fluid, with a further treatment phase subsequently ensuing during gradual and uniform partial evaporation of the fluid. In given instances, de-moistening of the material between the two treatment phases may be dispensed with, and the dyeing process may also be aided by a pulsating fluid motion induced by the vacuum pump as provided herein.
Subsequent to vacuum impregnation in the bleaching process, reheating of the bleaching substrate after the excess fluid has been drawn off, may be effected in the known manner with cold bleaching liquor and by reheating the impregnated material by means of an air-steam mixture.
After conclusion of the finishing process, the material may remain in the container, and undergo very effective rinsing in the shortest time by mechanical dewatering, using the vacuum pump provided, and by repeated drawing-in of water. The fiber material may also be dried in the container within the shortest time, for which purpose warm air and/or an air-steam mixture are drawn through the fiber material, as described in the aforenamed Letters Patent.
Dyeing may be performed particularly simply and at moderate expenditure for apparatus, when all energy required is supplied only in the form of steam that is directly conducted in. This method will allow not only to supply the quantity of heat required for heating the fluid, but also to utilize the steam pressure for generating a pulsating motion to aid in the dyeing process and, furthermore, in given instances, to achieve a pressure reduction by condensation of the steam which is in equilibrium with the dyeing liquor, with said pressure reduction ensuring a slow, continued, boiling (partial evaporation) of the dyeing liquor.
The advantages of the process as per invention, and of the corresponding apparatus, concern the following points:
considerable energy savings
lowered cost of the apparatus
savings in treatment time
highest possible preservation of the fiber material due to short treatment time with minimal fluid motion and stationary substrate; no formation of lint, no formation of foam, no danger of coagulation; small bleaching and boiling shrinkage
increased uniformity in the effect of treatment due to dispensing with induced fluid circulation.
It is to be taken into consideration that the success of treatment is governed by achieving intimate contact between treatment fluid, for instance a dyeing liquor, and fiber material, said contact being caused by the agitation of steam bubbles generated and raising during partial evaporation, so that it is desirable for the generation of steam bubbles to ensue, as far as possible, in uniform distribution over the volume of fiber material. Generation of steam bubbles is, however, particularly dependent upon topically prevailing pressure and temperature values, wherein it is impossible to avoid moderate fluctuations of these values, taking into regard differing fluid levels in the container or, respectively, within the volume of fiber material. It may, therefore, be of advantage for further improving the activity of the treatment fluid upon the fiber material, to displace the fiber material during partial evaporation in a continual and slow circulation through the container. All zones of the fiber material will, thereby, pass through the zones of varying intensities of fluid activity, and thus result in a particularly uniform treatment.
In instances where the fiber material is to undergo motion, it will be of advantage if the container is only partially filled with the fluid, and the fiber material is displaced along an essentially vertical path, wherein the fiber material will alternatingly be submersed into the fluid and rise out of it. The circulatory motion of the fiber material is herein being utilized for reducing the required quantity of treatment fluid. Furthermore, a particular advantage will result herein since the intensive activity upon the fiber material, primarily resulting from continual fluid evaporation, will be aided by the effect of gravity acting upon the fluid remaining within the fiber material after same has risen from the fluid bath.
If, with circulating fiber material, the treated fiber material is to be rinsed within the container in the manner as known per se, and to be dewatered by evacuation of the container and/or blowing through of air, it will be of advantage to perform rinsing with the container only partially filled with rinsing water, and simultaneously also to dewater, so that the fiber material, when travelling along its essentially vertical circulating path, will alternatingly be rinsed within the lower container zone and dewatered within the upper container zone.
The invention also relates to apparatus deriving from the claims. An appropriate apparatus, particularly if designed with rotatable holder for the fiber material, will allow attaining intensive fluid activity with uniform effect upon the entire fiber material by means of partial evaporation and without external mechanical means to induce circulation. Slow and uniform partial evaporation during the treatment time may be achieved herein by regulating the steam supply in correlation with the pressure in the treatment container on one hand, and the treatment fluid temperature on the other. Isothermal operation is particularly possible in this process, so that it is possible to operate with essentially unchanged temperature and pressure conditions prevailing within the treatment container. Appropriately, the treatment container should be of longitudinal extent, with its longitudinal axis of essentially horizontal orientation. The static-pressure differentials within the fluid in the container are being held small thereby, and the available container volume may be optimally utilized, particularly with a material holder rotatable about a horizontal axis.
Embodiments of the invention are described below with the use of a schematic drawing.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a first apparatus for treating fiber material, having an upright container and a plurality of stationary vertical material holders;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a second apparatus with a stationary vertical material holder for crosswound bobbins, said apparatus being also arranged for pulsating fluid activity;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a third apparatus with horizontal treatment container provided with a rotatable horizontal material holder; and
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a fourth apparatus with two containers for the dyeing of crosswound bobbins, with steam-induced pulsating motion of the dyeing liquor during partial evaporation.
As per FIG. 1, an inner chamber is delimited within the lower section of container 1, with vertically arranged perforated tubes 3 resting upon the upper delimiting wall of a chamber 2, with, as indicated, the yarn bobbins to be treated being set upon said tubes 3 and said tubes 3 being arranged within the outer chamber 5 of container 1. In this manner, the inner chamber 2 and outer chamber 5 are in communication through the perforated tubes only by means of the fiber material 4 undergoing treatment. A line 6 serves to connect the outer chamber 5 with a line 7 that is provided with shutoff valves 8 and 9. The inner chamber 2 is connected in a corresponding manner by line 10 to line 11 provided with shutoff valves 12 and 13.
Lines 7 and 11 are connected with their left-hand ends to a line 14 transiting through air preheater 19 into a line 20, and lines 7 and 11 are joined at their right-hand ends to said line 20. A steam-feed line 21 supplying the required thermal energy is connected through a valve 22 to air preheater 19, and connected through a valve 24 to line 20. A compressed-air supply line 25 is, furthermore, connected through a shutoff valve 26 to line 14. The air preheater 19 may also be used to preheat the entire system.
The treatment fluid is supplied through line 31, which is connected to the outer container chamber 5 through branch line 32 and shutoff valve 36, and connected to line 10, and thus to the inner container chamber 2, through branch line 33 and shutoff valve 37.
In a similar manner, an evacuation line 28, having installed in it a vacuum pump 29 with condenser 30 at the container side, is connected through a branch line 34 and shutoff valve 35 to line 10 and thus to inner container chamber 2, as well as connected through a further branch line 41 and shutoff valve 43 to the upper end of the outer container chamber 5. Line 20, originating from air preheater 19 is also joined with its upper end thereat, with shutoff valve 42 being installed before this junction. A venting line 45 with shutoff valve 44 is also joined to the upper end of container 1.
A pressure sensor 46, connected by a signal line 47 to a control unit 48, projects into the upper end of external container chamber 5. In a similar manner, a temperature sensor 49, arranged in the lower zone of, respectively, perforated tubes 3 and the treated fiber material 4, is also connected by signal line 50 to the control unit 48. An adjustable throttle valve 51 is interposed in evacuation line 28 between vacuum pump 29 and the branching into lines 34 and 41, said throttle valve 51 being adjustable via a control line 52 to maintain, respectively, the predetermined pressure or subatmospheric pressure at which the desired partial evaporation is to ensue.
Below container 1, there is provided a heating jacket 55, to which is joined a steam line 21, connected to steam line 56 and containing regulating valve 57. A condensate drain 58 originates at the bottom of heating jacket 55. Alternatively, steam line 56 may, just as line 6, lead directly into outer chamber 5 and/or, as line 10, directly into inner chamber 2. Regulating valve 57 will be adjusted by control unit 48 over a control line 59, that the treatment fluid present within container 1 is essentially maintained at a predetermined temperature that is monitored with the aid of a temperature sensor 49. In given instances, requisite heating of the treatment fluid may also ensue by introducing into the treatment fluid through line 6 such quantities of steam that are of the required heat content. Supply of heat to compensate thermal losses, particularly from partial evaporation, will, when ensuing through the bottom side of container 1, contribute in an advantageous manner to steam forming in an essentially uniform distribution throughout the entire fluid volume, since in this manner the lower fluid strata, with a somewhat higher fluid pressure prevailing therein, may also be of a somewhat higher temperature, thus aiding in steam bubble formation.
After preheating the system and evacuating container 1, the treatment fluid is filled into container 1 through branch line 32 and/or 33, until the treatment fluid completely covers the fiber material 4 undergoing treatment. Subsequently, pressure within container 1 is reduced by means of vacuum pump 29, and through the opened branch line 41, to a value of, for instance, from 0.3 to 0.6 ata, with the predetermined pressure value being adjusted with the aid of control unit 48. At this subatmospheric pressure, correlated to the fluid temperature, partial evaporation of the fluid will take place, essentially within all zones of, respectively, fiber materials or bobbins 4 that are saturated with fluid. Evaporation will result in an intensive motion and agitation of the fluid, so that the finishing process is accelerated thereby and may be completed within a few minutes. To compensate thermal losses from partial evaporation, heat is supplied to the fluid within container 1, either by supplying steam to heating jacket 55, supply being controlled herein by regulating valve 57 in dependence upon the temperature determined by sensor 49, and/or by directly introducing steam into the treatment fluid. In given instances, pulsating of the treatment fluid to intensify fluid distribution and uniform activity, may be attained by alternatingly lowering and raising the pressure within container 1. The fluid may, therein, perform a kind of swinging motion combined with a partial motion of liquor, so that the fiber material will remain below the fluid level within container 1 (partial pulsation).
In given instances, the phase of activity at partial evaporation of the fluid, may be repeated after withdrawal and re-introduction of excess treatment fluid. Furthermore, the fiber material within container 1 may be subjected to intensive rinsing by intermittent mechanical dewatering and vacuum impregnation with fresh water.
Finally, the apparatus is so designed that the finished material, particularly chemical-fiber material, may be dried within the shortest time by means of hot air and/or an air/steam mixture being forced through it, as known from the initially noted Letters Patent. The piping layout as provided herein will, in conjunction with the respective valves, offer the possibility of performing within container 1 all process phases that may come into consideration. With the valves being in requisite operating position, it will particularly be possible to subject the fiber material alternatively to flow from the inside outward, i.e. from chamber 2 to chamber 5, or from the outside inward, i.e. from chamber 5 to chamber 2.
As per FIG. 2, there is provided a container 70, divided by bottom 71 into chambers 72 and 73. A tubular material holder 74 extends through chamber 72, joined at its upper end to chamber 73 and led downward out of container 70, and is provided with a shutoff valve 75. A heating chamber 76 is formed at the lower end of container 70, communicating through perforated plate 77 with chamber 72. A steam line 79, provided with a shutoff valve 78, serving for the direct introduction of steam into container 70, terminates in heating chamber 76. There is, furthermore, provided a steam line 80 with a shutoff valve 81, said steam line 80 forming a heat exchanger within heating chamber 76, so that container 70 may also be supplied with steam heat, without the steam flowing out into container 70.
Within the zone of chamber 72, material holder 74 is provided with a perforated section, with crosswound bobbins 82 being placed thereupon. A compressed-air line 83 with shutoff valve 84, as well as steam line 85 with shutoff valve 86, are joined to the upper end of chamber 72. Provision is, furthermore, made for a level gage 87 to indicate the fluid level in chamber 72. The upper fluid level 88 and the lower fluid level 89 are indicated and with a pulsating effect exerted upon the fiber material of crosswound bobbins 82, the fluid level will fluctuate between said two gage levels.
Vacuum pump 90 with condenser 91 in line before it, is connected to chamber 73 through branch line 92 and shutoff valve 93, and with the upper end of chamber 72 through a parallel branch line 94 and shutoff valve 95. Furthermore, a steam line 96 with shutoff valve 97 is connected to chamber 73.
The apparatus as per FIG. 2 is operated in such a manner that vacuum impregnation at approx. 60° C. is performed with treatment fluid supplied from below through the initially opened shutoff valve 75. Venting is then continued for several minutes, with the remaining air escaping out of the fiber material in bubbles, this, since the bubbles expand in the vacuum. Improved conditions for diffusion will result thereby. Rapid preheating by directly introduced steam follows thereupon, aided by a pulsating fluid activity achieved by the alternating generation of a positive and a negative pressure differential between chambers 72 and 73, and resulting from alternatingly opening and closing shutoff valves 93 and 95 that are appurtenant to vacuum pump 90. Partial evaporation of the fluid will, as already described, ensue concomitantly. Perfect dyeing within a short period is thus ensured without liquor circulation and with stationary crosswound bobbins 82.
As can be seen from FIG. 3, the third apparatus comprises a longitudinally extending cylindrical treatment container 101 arranged with a horizontal axis, and a fluid reservoir 102 arranged with a vertical axis. Container 101 and reservoir 102 are in communication through an overflow valve 104.
A steam line 105 with steam valve 106 ends in the lower zone of reservoir 102. A line 107 with a valve 108, serving to fill the reservoir with the treatment fluid for instance a dyeing liquor, and also to drain the treatment fluid, originates from the bottom of reservoir 102. Overflow line 103 is connected to line 107. Furthermore, there are shown in the drawing, at the upper end of reservoir 102, a compressed air line 109 with compressed air valve 110, and a venting valve 111.
The treatment container 101 has, at its right-hand end, a charging aperture provided with a cover-like closure 112. A longitudinally extending cylindrical holder 113, with perforations arranged on its barrel, is coaxially and rotatably arranged within treatment container 101 resting upon bearing-type supports 115 and 116. The right-hand end of holder 113 is closed by a face plate 117 abutted by an adjustable retainer 118 that may be removed by means of closure 112 and serves to prevent axial displacement of holder 113. At its left-hand end, holder 113 is provided with an external gear ring 119 which is in mesh with pinion 120 of a drive arrangement 121 comprising, in turn, a motor 122 with transmission 123, coupling 124 and drive shaft 125, said drive shaft 125 extending through, and supported in the integrally attached end plate of treatment container 101, and carrying the pinion 120.
Within container 101, there is provided an annular bulkhead 126 radially extending between the barrel of treatment container 101 and holder 113, thus dividing container 101 into a drain chamber 127 at the right-hand end of container 101 and a fiber-material chamber 128. Since holder 113 is open at its left-hand end that carries ring gear 119, the interior of cylindrical holder 113 forms a central extension of drain chamber 127. Chambers 127 and 128 are in flow communication only through the perforations 114 of holder 113.
As shown, the fiber material 129 undergoing treatment, is wound in layers onto holder 113, and since the perforations 114 are provided only in the axial zone covered by fiber material 129, the flow between chambers 127 and 128 will, apart from perforations 114, communicate only through the fiber material 129.
Overflow line 103 with overflow valve 104 ends, as shown, into fiber material chamber 128 at the bottom side of container 101. Overflow line 103 is, however, also connected through branch line 130 and valve 131 to drain chamber 127.
Furthermore, a rinsing-water line 132 with rinsing valve 133, ends in fiber material chamber 128 at the bottom side of container 101. There is also provided a separate drain line 134 with a drain valve 135, originating at the lower end of drain chamber 127.
Treatment container 101 has, furthermore, appurtenant to it, a vacuum pump 136 connected to drain chamber 127 through suction line 137 with suction valve 138. Suction line 137 is also connected to fiber material chamber 128 through auxiliary suction line 139 and auxiliary suction valve 140. Between the branchoff of auxiliary suction line 139 and vacuum pump 136, there are interposed, in suction line 137, a heat exchanger 141 with a heat-exchanger coil 143 provided with a valve 142, as well as a throttle valve 144 serving to adjust to a desired value the pressure produced by vacuum pump 136 within drain chamber 127.
Furthermore, an air line 145 with air valve 146 ends at the topside of container 101, into the fiber material chamber 128. In given instances, preheated air may be supplied through this air line 145. A venting valve 147 as well as a drain line 148 with drain valve 149 are, furthermore, connected to container 101 in the zone of the fiber material chamber 128.
A control unit 150 is provided for controlling the apparatus which, however, may in given instances also be partially be controlled by hand. As schematically indicated, control unit 150 is connected via signal lines to a temperature sensor 151 within treatment container 101, and to a temperature sensor 152 within reservoir 102, as well as to a fluid level sensor 153 and a pressure sensor 154 within drain chamber 127. Furthermore, there extend from control unit 150 control lines which, for the sake of clarity, have not been shown as leading to all valves to be operated, but only leading to throttle valve 144 and, respectively, to overflow valve 104 and steam valve 106. These control lines, as shown, serve to regulate pressure and temperature of the fluid during its partial evaporation.
Operation of the apparatus is explained below: At the beginning of the process, the treatment fluid (dyeing liquor) has been filled into reservoir 102. Valves 104, 108, 131, 133, 140 and 146 are closed, as indicated in FIG. 3. The dyeing liquor is heated by steam feed to, for instance, 135° C. and a pressure of 3 bar. Vacuum pump 36 will suck air out of treatment container 101 as well as out of the fiber material 129 located on holder 113. A vacuum of, for instance, 80% is generated thereby within treatment container 101. Simultaneously, holder 114 with fiber material 129 is being slowly rotated by means of drive arrangement 121, for instance at one to two revolutions per minute.
In the second phase, the overflow valve 104 is opened, so that the dyeing liquor will flow into treatment container 101. Due to pressure conditions, the dyeing liquor will rapidly flow into the treatment container, for instance within only 100 seconds, and penetrate through fiber material 129 and perforations 114 into the drain chamber 127. Pressure in the reservoir 102 continues to be maintained at 3 bar and an identical pressure valve prevails within fiber material chamber 128 and external to fiber material 129. Due to vacuum pump 136 and requisite regulation by throttle valve 144, a lower pressure, for instance approximately of 2.9 bar, is maintained in drain chamber 127. This pressure differential will manifest itself in differing fluid levels within drain chamber 127 and fiber material chamber 128. Continual rotation of holder 113 will be maintained. In given instances, the direction of flow may be reversed by opening valves 131 and 140 instead of valves 104 and 138. It may also be appropriate in given instances, to effect pulsating flow by, for instance, opening valves 104 and 138 for 20 seconds, and valves 131 and 140 for ten seconds.
Dyeing is then, for instance, performed isothermically. Therein, holder 113 will, for instance, be rotated at two to three revolutions per minute. Steam valve 106 is partially opened so that steam may be introduced in such a quantity that the predetermined dyeing temperature of, for instance, 135° C. will be maintained. This temperature will also prevail within the fiber material 129. The dyeing liquor will be boiling thereat and penetrate the fiber material at a relatively high diffusion rate. Water vapor is being withdrawn from drain chamber 127 at approximately 2.9 bar and 133° C. Pressure within heat exchanger 141 will be at approximately 2.85 to 2.90 bar. This dyeing process, during continual boiling of the dyeing liquor, will ensue for a period of 5 to 10 minutes or longer.
Optionally, the dyeing process may be performed at gradually reduced pressure and falling temperature. Herein, valves 104 and 138 are closed and auxiliary suction valve 140 is open. This dyeing process may be performed for 5 to 10 minutes or longer. It will be appropriate to operate in a manner whereby a uniform temperature within every fiber-material layer is ensured in short intervals of, for instance, one minute. It is natural that holder 113 with fiber material 129 will be rotated also during this process phase.
The following process phase concerns draining of the hot dyeing liquor. Therein, suction valve 138 as well as auxiliary suction valve 140 are closed, valves 104, 108 and 131 are, however, open. At temperatures below 100° C., air valve 146 will also be opened.
Rinsing and dewatering of the fiber material within treatment container 101 constitutes the final process phase. Herein, valves 133, 138 and 146 are open, with the rinsing water being present only in the lower zone of the container, while air is being drawn through the upper zone. Holder 113 with fiber material 129 continues to be rotated herein as well, so that the sections of the fiber material as sequentially arranged in the circumferential direction will, alternatingly, be rinsed and dewatered. The vacuum pump 136 may, herein, also be used for withdrawing of rinsing water. Rapid draining of rinsing fluid is effected with valves 104, 131 and 146 open. A brief extraction of moisture from the fiber material 129 is then effected by opening only valves 138 and 146.
As per FIG. 4, the fourth apparatus comprises a treatment container 160 subdivided, as is container 1, in FIG. 1 into an inner chamber 161, an outer chamber 162 with perforated holders 163 for crosswound bobbins 164 arranged therein, and, furthermore, a fluid container 165. The two containers 160 and 165 are in communication at their lower ends by a fluid line 166 with a valve 167. Fluid line 166 ends, as shown, directly in inner chamber 161, it is, however, also connected with outer chamber 162 of container 160 via branch line 168 and valve 169. A supply and drain line 170, with a valve 171, is joined to fluid line 166 at the side of valve 167 connected to fluid container 165.
The two containers 160 and 165 are, in their upper zone, in communication by means of steam line 172 containing valves 173 and 174, and also by evacuation line 175 containing valves 176 and 177. A steam supply line 178 leads via valve 179 to the lower zone of fluid container 165, and also, via regulating valve 180, to the central sector of steam line 172 located between valves 173 and 174.
A line 181 is joined to the central sector of evacuating line 175 between valves 176 and 177, and contains, in the direction of flow, first a condenser 182 with regulating valve 183, and after same a vacuum pump 184.
This apparatus may be operated as follows: Initially, the dyeing liquor is introduced into fluid container 165 via line 170, with valve 176 closed and valve 171 open, whereupon valve 171 is re-closed, and the liquor within container 165 brought to desired temperature by introducing into the fluid heated steam via the open valve 179. After opening of valve 167, the fluid will flow through fluid line 166 into treatment container 160 into which the crosswound bobbins 164 have been loaded for dyeing. Valve 176 is open to avoid backpressure. After the fluid level in treatment container 160 has risen above the crosswound bobbins 164, the dyeing liquor in treatment container 160 is made to boil slowly by a gradual reduction in container pressure, and this may also be accomplished solely by means of condenser 182 and regulating valve 183, without having to use vacuum pump 184. The effect of the liquor upon the fiber material of crosswound bobbins 164 is intensified by the formation and rinsing of steam bubbles within the liquor, and by the agitation of the liquor caused thereby. The dyeing process is, furthermore, accelerated by alternating short opening and closing of, respectively, valves 173, and 174 in steam line 172, which will impart a pulsating motion to the liquor within treatment container 160.
With requisite valve setting and by utilizing the pressure of the steam present in line 178 and, in given instances, also utilizing the suction effect of vacuum pump 184, the apparatus will offer the availability of performing the dyeing process in several phases by returning the dyeing liquor from treatment container 160 through fluid line 166 into fluid container 165, so that the aforedescribed process may then be repeated. Complete draining of treatment container 160 is made by opening valve 169 in branch line 168. After completion of the dyeing process, the liquor may also be completely withdrawn through line 170.
|Brevet cité
|Date de dépôt
|Date de publication
|2 juin 1969
|4 janv. 1972
|Fridrich Wilhelm Johann Karrer
|Apparatus for liquid-treating fiber materials and drying said materials
|26 oct. 1970
|19 sept. 1972
|Pegg S & Son Ltd
|Solvent treatments of textiles
|7 janv. 1970
|3 oct. 1972
|Ici Ltd
|Treatment of packages
|26 déc. 1973
|18 mars 1975
|Dow Chemical Co
|Package dye process
|9 janv. 1975
|1 juin 1976
|Bleiche A.G.
|Liquid-treating of filamentary materials
|27 nov. 1974
|6 juil. 1976
|Thies Kg
|Process for the wet treatment of textiles
|Brevet citant
|Date de dépôt
|Date de publication
|22 aoűt 1983
|1 oct. 1985
|Fritz Karrer
|Method of liquid treatment of textile fiber material
|27 janv. 1989
|29 mai 1990
|Mtm Obermaier Gmbh & Co. Kg
|Process for the wet treatment of textile material
|17 févr. 1988
|4 sept. 1990
|Nikku Industry Co., Ltd.
|Method of and apparatus for heat-treating bobbins of yarn
|11 juil. 1996
|21 sept. 1999
|Krupp Uhde Gmbh
|Process and device for treating textile substrates with supercritical fluid
|15 mai 2002
|4 nov. 2003
|Milliken & Company
|Topical incorporation of solid antimicrobial compounds on yarn surfaces through high pressure
|7 oct. 2006
|17 mai 2007
|Jennifer Petersen
|Measuring device for the measurement of dewatering rates of paper machines
|20 sept. 2013
|27 mars 2014
|Salem Ponnusamy Venkates
|Efficient yarn dyeing plant
|20 sept. 2013
|22 mai 2014
|Salem Ponnusamy Venkates
|Efficient yarn dyeing plant
|Classification aux États-Unis
|8/101, 8/149.1, 68/207, 8/158, 8/155, 8/919
|Classification internationale
|Classification coopérative
|Classification européenne
|11 juil. 1988
Owner name: KARRER SYTEMS AG, CH-8702 ZOLLIKON, SWIZTERLAND
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNORS:KARRER, FRITZ;PEDRETTI, ALBERTO;MELLGREN, PER, G.;REEL/FRAME:004914/0287
Effective date: 19880524
|15 janv. 1995
|Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees
|28 mars 1995
|Expired due to failure to pay maintenance fee
Effective date: 19950118


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Overtime; the bane of nearly every payroll manager's existence. Yet, it is a necessary part of operating a profitable businesses when employees need to be paid for time on the clock that extends beyond regular work hours. The correct tracking, calculation and payment of overtime is something that must happen to avoid breaking a number of employment laws. Accurately paying overtime also fosters good will with employees who have sacrificed their personal time in order to help the company meet important project deadlines.
Evan Rodd, PayScale
If you've ever hired someone, chances are you've been tempted to run a quick Google search, or comb social media for additional information. This can be a good way to evaluate talent, and provide insight into a potential hire's professional demeanor. While helpful, this new era of decreased privacy can be daunting for employees and employers alike – we want to present a professional image, and we want to hire people who present such an image. By the same token, we want to avoid that creepy feeling that comes from excessive snooping, worried that our search for misconduct could become a self-fulfilling prophecy. In an age where almost every aspect of our lives is willingly documented by social media (if not, the potential is there), how do we exercise our right to free speech and self-expression while still maintaining a sense of professionalism?
A big challenge for many growing businesses is how to fairly compensate salespeople when cash flow is often not stable yet. The norm is to hire sales professionals strictly on a commission only basis, hoping that they will outperform your expectations and bring in new business. Others try offering a low salary with tiered commissions to reel in sales. On the one hand, a commission-based system is supported by the incentive of new sales and upsells to current customers. On the other hand, sales people may not be overly motivated by this approach, resulting in less than stellar performance. How can a company leverage the best of a salary and commission compensation plan to improve sales performance?
Tess C. Taylor, PHR, The HR Writer, PayScale
When it comes to raising employee morale while simultaneously boosting productivity at work, one employee at a time, a strategic way to compensate high performance employees is through merit raises. These often unscheduled pay raises or bonuses are generally part of an overall effort to reward and recognize employees for their hard work. Merit raises can be managed either through a discretionary fund that each department head doles out, or by arranging for merit increases to correspond with employee performance records.
Either way, the question remains – do employees actually appreciate merit raises or are there alternative ways to say "thanks" for a job well done?
If there's any corporate tradition more maligned than the annual performance review, I'm hard pressed to find it.
Managers hate doing reviews so much, many just don't. A recent survey by Ceridian reported that in 2012, only 59% of respondents had had a formal sit down with their manager to discuss performance.
Oh my.
Well, I believe it's high time for the annual review to get its proper due, rather than being disparaged as a pointless hurdle that nonetheless must be jumped before employees can receive pay increases. With that attitude, it's no wonder your performance review system sucks.
Tess C. Taylor, PHR
Is your company's paid time off policy becoming a joke around the water cooler? Maybe you are noticing above average call-outs from employees for frivolous reasons? Perhaps no other human capital issue has the negative impact that frequently absent and sick employees create for a business.
Mykkah Herner, M.A., CCP, PayScale
PayScale recently hosted a wildly popular webinar entitled Compensation Analytics: The ROI of Turnover, presented by me, Mykkah Herner. If you missed the webinar, you are welcome to view the slides from the presentation. Since this is a topic of interest to so many of our Compensation Today readers, we're posting my answers to many of the questions received after this webinar here.
All too often, we jump to conclusions when problems arise. One area in which this is certainly true is employee turnover. Whether we're the ones experiencing it or we're just part of the conversation about the growing trend, we tend to think we have it figured out. Most people realize that remedying the situation is much different than knowing what's wrong, but regardless, we see the problem and also think we see the causes. However, employee turnover isn't always what it seems on the surface
At the heart of the issue of employee turnover are the needs, perceptions, desires and decisions of actual people – your company's employees. This makes the issue somewhat complicated and not as simple to pin down as some might think. There are several misconceptions that are perpetuated about employee turnover and we'll take a look at five of them here.
Most people tend to view their personal and corporate budgets in very different ways, even though the basic principles of both are the same. To create a budget, no matter what type of budget it is, you have certain amount of money you need to work within and specific expenses that need to be included. So if the principles of both are so basic and similar, it would only stand to reason that the same budgeting wisdom you use at home could also be adapted to the budget you create at work also.
There's no denying that the skills gap is a growing concern for employers, but there may be some dispute as to when it begins. Common misconceptions could be that the skills gap occurs during the college years, as students aren't equipped with the necessary experience to enter the workforce qualified to do a job. Some may also think it begins as workers gain more years of experience but fail to maintain their knowledge of current technologies, processes or industry knowledge. However, the skills gap actually begins in high school, far before a worker even declares a major or takes on their first full time job.
There are some things in life that people avoid like the plague. Talking about money at work is one of them. Working in human resources, it's part of our jobs everyday but it can still be awkward and uncomfortable. Money is a sensitive topic for many people and it can bring up emotions that aren't typically expressed elsewhere at work. Additionally, you've likely been asked questions that are difficult to answer or that you just don't know how to handle. However, even with the difficult nuances of compensation negotiation, it doesn't have to turn into a situation you tell stories about for years to come. Take a look at these five tips for discussing compensation in the workplace:
Nearly every company in every industry has been challenged by a skills gap in their workplace. Whether it's a significant gap, such as the inability to fill demanding positions, or more minor, such as the need for an employee to become more skilled in creating spreadsheets, the skills gap can be felt nearly anywhere there are employees. Companies use a wide variety of resources to close the skills gap, from external recruiting, to internal training and mentorship programs, but there's another resource that isn't often used but is highly valuable: online education.
Social media is the ultimate 21st century water cooler, allowing just about anyone to say, well, just about anything to various audiences. Unfortunately, this freedom can sometimes paint a less-than-professional picture of your company, especially when employees use social media as a means to air grievances surrounding their jobs.

subset: commoncrawl


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Bellevue Schools Retesting Water For LeadTests found unsafe levels of lead in at least one water fixture or fountain in almost every Bellevue school building over a decade ago. The district will retest for lead. It was reported earlier that tests found an unsafe amount of lead, only upon review was it discovered the tests were over ten years old.
REI Plans To Move Headquarters To Bellevue From KentOfficials with REI say they've chosen Bellevue as the site of their new headquarters.
Bellevue Police Chief Defends Investigation Of Coleman CrashSeahawks FB Derrick Coleman was arrested Oct. 14 after a crash that left the driver of the other vehicle with a broken collarbone and a concussion
Police Chase In North Seattle Results In Several CrashesA chase through the north end of Seattle on Sunday afternoon resulted in several crashes, including the collision of two police cars.
Eastside Catholic Beats Bellevue 48-42 In OT For 3A TitleEastside Catholic (13-0) beat Bellevue for the second straight year
Securities Officials Go After Bellevue DeveloperThe Securities and Exchange Commission is going after the head of an investment firm
520 Floating Bridge Will Close Over Weekend For InspectionThe Washington State Department of Transportation says motorist will need to use alternate routes starting Friday at 11 p.m. until Sunday at noon.
Baby Unhurt After SUV Plows Into Room, Hits CribSpokesman Seth Tyler says it was "pretty miraculous" that the SUV damaged the crib, partially collapsing it, but then stopped short of injuring the child
Expedia Moves From Bellevue To SeattleThe online travel company announced the move at a news conference with Seattle Mayor Ed Murray on Thursday
Transportation Commission Adopts I-405 Express TollsThe Washington state Transportation Commission on Wednesday night adopted Interstate 405 toll rates for express toll lanes that will open later this year between Bellevue and Lynnwood.
DNA Tool Helping Biologists Find Elusive Or Invasive SpeciesWhether it's Asian carp in Chicago-area waters, salamanders in Kentucky or great crested newts in the United Kingdom, biologists are using the tool to help look for reclusive or rare imperiled species, monitor unwanted creatures or gauge the overall biodiversity of a lake or stream.
Officers Respond But No Shooting At Bellevue High SchoolBellevue police went to Interlake High School Friday morning because of rumors on Facebook of a shooting.


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Over the past few years I have noticed increased conversation surrounding the way (or method) homeschool families teach their children. I wish I could say it's been nice to watch the conversation, but I can't. It is as if homeschoolers are in the midst of a Homeschool Teaching Method Battle – where if you're not teaching 'that way' you are the lowest form of homeschooling family in the world. The sole focus (now) seems to be on graduating at the top of {Read More}
Homeschool Teaching Method Battle
Community Exists Through The Storms of Life
For the past 6 weeks, my life has been topsy turvy and I've had little time to really capture it in writing. In reality, this part of the story begins last September, when I received a call asking if I would lead the prayer sessions as Real Refreshment. Honestly, I was in shock. I love Real Refreshment and never in a million years would I ask for such an honor (or even consider myself worthy). That's Elizabeth's job. She's the {Read More}
2014 Goals and Announcements
I have to say, I am really excited about 2014. I did not think I would be, but I am. We are experiencing major changes in our home as we (my husband and I) and our children grow a little bit older. Honestly, I've been resisting those changes. But, now I'm grabbing on tight and looking forward to this new part of the journey and I can't wait to take you along with me! So, today, I want to share {Read More}


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What is the difference between law and justice?
if you have read to kill in mocking bird i wolud like your answer to be in that context.
Law and Justice are very different! There is law (the text book rules we the people (including the government) are supposed to follow. The problem is Governmental figures are above the law. If you are ever accused of something (many innocent people are too) and they believe you are guilty, justice will not prevail for you. For example, on a white collar crime case, you may even go to trial and be presumed innocent at the end, right after your arrest- they will shut down your business, freeze your assets, give you a ridiculously high bail- and you don't get the fee back that you pay the bail bondsman (can be 10% of your bail). Not to mention, put into a highly dangerous correctional facility (like Rikers Island) while your family scrambled to raise your bail money. That is not justice.
The law is (or rules are) what is intended to bring the victim/s the justice (the criminals punishment) they deserve when a crime is committed against them (or society).
I put important phrases in quotes since I thought you might be writing a paper and this may make it easier to be sure you get the phrases correct.
When we say 'justice' prevails, we mean that what is 'morally right' has been done.
Since 'moral rightness' may mean different things to different people, people can disagree over whether or not justice has 'been done' (or 'prevailed') even if they agree on the facts about what happened. In many cases there is a consensus, such as about murder and theft being immoral and thus 'requiring punishment in order for justice to be done.'
But what is just, what constitutes justice, can be a personal belief. Often we all have the same belief, e.g. murder is wrong, but SOMETIMES WE DISAGREE ABOUT WHAT IS JUST, i.e. we have different beliefs. On the other hand, WE CAN'T DISAGREE ABOUT WHAT THE LAW IS, although we may disagree about how it should be interpreted and enforced. The law is what is written in the law books of a particular place or country. The law may not be right -- it may be totally unjust. But it's still the law. Of course, in most cases the people who write the law think that the law is just.
We say the 'law' has 'prevailed' ('been carried out') when the law has been enforced. In this case, also, people may disagree about what it means to ENFORCE the law in a particular case even if the facts of the case are agreed upon. BUT UNLIKE JUSTICE, NO ONE CAN ARGUE ABOUT WHAT THE LAW IS in a country like the United States where laws are 'clearly' defined.
Sometimes, the law (in a particular place and time) and justice intersect. For example, if a person in the United States kills another person just so they can rob their house, we would all (I think) consider justice and the law to have prevailed when the murderer is put in jail. There is a difference, though: someone might say that it wasn't just to put the murderer/robber in jail, for example, because he was mentally retarded. But no one could argue that the law said the minimum penalty was 20 years in jail, even if they thought that was not a just punishment.
However, imagine that in the 1930's in the southern US a black man and a white woman had consentual sex and the white woman was impregnated. If there was a law against such interracial sex and the black man was then put to death, we would say that 'the law had prevailed' but almost no one today would say that 'justice had prevailed'. In fact, I would emphatically say that 'justice did not prevail' even though the law of that time prevailed.
So, we can see that justice and the law do not mean the same thing always. In almost all cases, the makers of a law claim (and usually believe) that the law is just. However, often times the majority of humanity can see that a law is unjust -- for example locking people in cages for using some drugs (but not for alcohol) is unjust and so was locking people in chains and otherwise enslaving them because they were black.
So, laws are made by men and are often immoral. Usually, what is 'just' is understood to be 'God's law' or otherwise permanent and thus may differ from the laws of a particular place and time.
So, the racist laws of the south in the early 20th century were part of the 'law' but those laws were not 'just'. Despite the fact that the government institutions created to enforce 'law' are called 'the justice system' those institutions are not always 'just' in their actions, particularly when the laws themselves are not 'just'.
Also, we see that there is an assumption that laws are just (hence the term 'justice system' instead of 'law system' for the courts that are meant to enforce the law). Unfortunately, as we can all see by looking at today's drug laws and the laws of segregation, discrimination, and slavery in America's past, not all laws are just.
Sorry about repeating myself, just wanted to make sure I got everything out I wanted to say!
It has been too long since reading 'To Kill A Mockingbird' to comment on that case.
There are laws that foster injustice, some of which are overturned by the the Supreme Court of the US. Justice is based on truth, while the law is not.
In criminal court proceedings, the jury is supposed to decide guilt only if it is beyond reasonable doubt that the defendant is guilty of the charge against them. If the prosecution fails to provide enough evidence that meets that standard, the jury must render a verdict of 'Not Guilty'. If law enforcement uses illegally obtained evidence, or any part of a witness's testimony is found to be false, the evidence cannot be used in court, regardless of the guilt or innocence of the defendant. Juries have also convicted people wrongly,. based solely on their belief that the accused is guilty. Innocent defendants will plead guilty to a lesser crime in the belief they cannot win in court. In all such cases, justice is denied.
A recent example of the difference between the 2 is the case of a black man in Florida accused of rape, convicted solely by eyewitness testimony that later proved to be false. He served over 20 years before DNA evidence proved his innocence beyond ALL doubt. The law states that eyewitness testimony is valid proof of guilt (or innocence), which has been proven wrong many times. The law also states that a convicted person does not have the automatic right to demand such a test be performed that would conclusively clear him/her. While DNA testing to determine guilt or no guilt has been admissible in court since 1999, it took him about 9 years & a court order (which had been denied by the courts repeatedly) to receive that testing. He was denied justice at least twice, if not more.
You may notice there are many on here who would convict based solely on a person's race or ethnicity. I hope those who do that recognize racism & do some self examination.
[A] law is the written rules and regulations for citizens of the land for citizens to abide by. How it is carried out is subject to human understanding and interpretation; subject again to human bias and prejudices, and the judicial system is subject to the same parameters. Some laws are good and others are pure bunk, and of course, how one accepts a courts outcome depends if you won or lost your case.
And the application of law and justice to the story line of To Kill A Mockingbird? I don't want to be a blabber-mouth know-it-all. Good luck.


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Vodafone System Update Phishing ScamOutline
Email purporting to be from phone service provider Vodafone claims that, due to a new system update, customers must click a link to login and confirm their email address.
Brief Analysis
The email is not from Vodafone. It is a phishing scam designed to trick users into giving their Vodafone account login details to fraudsters. Criminals can use the stolen login credentials to hijack Vodafone accounts, harvest sensitive personal and financial information stored within, and use the accounts for their own nefarious purposes.
Managing your Vodafone account online;
Due to our recent essential system upgrades we request all our customers to update there online Account to our newly secured and safe update
Thank you for updating your Vodafone online account.
To complete this change, please confirm your email address by clicking here and entering your username and password.
If you have any queries regarding the above, please visit our Help Centre.
Yours sincerely,
Vodafone Customer Services
Dear Customer,
Managing your Vodafone account online.
Thank you for updating your personal details.
We are happy to inform you about our new system update:
To complete this change, please confirm your email address by clicking here www.vodafone.co.uk/security/new_security.html and entering your username and password.
If you have any queries regarding the above, please visit our Help Centre.
Need help?
If you have any further queries regarding your order, please contact us:
by contacting our support team
by visiting our help centre
by calling customer support on 191 from your Vodafone phone
If you don't have a Vodafone phone, call 08700 700 191 for pay monthly, 08080 600 802 for business, or 08700 776 655 for pay as you go.
Thank you,
Detailed Analysis
This email, which purports to be from popular phone service provider Vodafone, reports that the company has updated its systems and customers are therefore required to confirm account details by clicking a link in the message.
However, the message is not from Vodafone. It is an attempt by Internet fraudsters to extract account login details from unsuspecting Vodafone customers.
Those who click the link will be taken to a bogus web page designed to look like the genuine Vodafone website and asked to enter their username and password to login to the "updated" system. After they have entered their login details on the fake website, they will be taken to a second web page that thanks them for updating their account details and invites them to click a "Proceed" button.
Clicking the button redirects victims to the genuine Vodafone website. Meanwhile, the login details input on the fake site will be collected by the scammers.
Armed with this stolen information, the scammers can then gain access to the compromised Vodafone accounts at will. Once there, they can harvest personal and financial information stored in the accounts and use it to commit fraud and identity theft.
Phishing attacks of this nature are a regular occurrence and target customers of many different financial institutions and service providers all around the world. Be very cautious of any unsolicited email that talks of a system update and instructs users to click a link or open an attached file to confirm account details. This is a common scammer tactic. It is always best to access your online accounts by entering the account address into your browser's address bar rather than by clicking a link in an email.
Last updated: August 20, 2014
First published: June 4, 2013
By Brett M. Christensen
About Hoax-Slayer
Phishing Scams - Anti-Phishing Information


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The Year in Review-December
The Nation | Top news stories for December, 2002
Runoff ran-off
You win some, you lose one. President Bush may have made history in November, but December dealt him a minor political setback. A Senate runoff in Louisiana, where incumbent Democrat Mary Landrieu had earlier failed to win a majority, gave newly minted Senate Majority Leader Trent Lott a shot at a four-seat cushion. Ms. Landrieu's challenger, a little-known moderate named Suzanne Terrell, pulled even in the polls after Republicans poured millions into the month-long campaign and President Bush swooped in for an 11th-hour rally. But in the end, history held in Louisiana, which has never elected a Republican to the Senate: Ms. Landrieu won, 52 percent to 48 percent.
Off color
If the Landrieu victory staggered the "Republican sweep" storyline, Senate Leader Trent Lott's comments at a 100th birthday party for Sen. Strom Thurmond (R-S.C.) sent it crumpling to the canvas. The Mississippi senator joked that America would be better off today if the rest of the country had followed his state's lead and elected Sen. Thurmond president back in 1948, when the South Carolinian was running as a segregationist candidate. The controversy smoldered for several days before Sen. Lott issued a two-sentence apology. Other, more apologetic apologies followed. President Bush excoriated Sen. Lott in a speech that accompanied an executive order clearing the way for portions of the president's faith-based initiative. The senator said he agreed with the president's criticism but still didn't get the hint, insisting in a nationally televised news conference he was not leaving the leadership. By the weekend, the Republican rebellion was on, though it wasn't scheduled to be resolved until January. That promises to keep the issue alive through the holidays. Not a bad gift for a Democratic leadership that spent Thanksgiving dreaming of a "bah humbug" Christmas.
If Trent Lott can't take a hint, Al Gore sure can. After an out-of-character guest gig on NBC's Saturday Night Live, the vanquished 2000 presidential hopeful and former vice president hit the CBS airwaves Sunday night taped; he appeared on 60 Minutes to announce he would not run in 2004. The move opened up an already wide-open Democratic race to seize the presidential nomination.


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The Franklin Institute is proud to be a top choice of educators across the tri-state region for school field trips. Your students will have a blast exploring all three floors of The Franklin Institute's hands-on, interactive science exhibits, watching our educational, immersive theater offerings, and experiencing our Live Science shows!
Download the Field Trip Planner PDF
Planning your next visit to The Franklin Institute is easy with our Field Trip Planner.
Special Exhibits
We have fun down to a science! Give your students an unforgettable experience by adding one of these limited-time exhibitions to your field trip visit!
Hands-On Workshops
Learn by doing. Schedule an engaging and fun educational workshop for your students.
Recommended Itineraries
Maximize the learning impact of your limited field trip time with one of these sample itineraries, suggested by our informal science educators.
Curriculum Connections
Each part of your field trip will support learning in a variety of content areas, as outlined by National Science Education Standards.
Book Your Best Field Trip Ever
We have fun down to a science! We have something to offer groups of all ages! Groups of 15 or more always visit at a specially discounted rate; book your field trip today!
Student Access Program
Fields trips provide memorable learning experiences for students and teachers alike. Realizing the importance of these experiences and the limited resources of many schools to make field trips a reality


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Hi guys I really love the details in the two links
Looking for an artist that will do a large world map and a other maps with detailed cities ect.
I didnt doa sketch as it would be utterly terrible but will provide one if necissary. I would also like the source files if possible in case I need to change the names of certain places ect.
You can contact me at firstname.lastname@example.com also looking for someone that could start the project this month or next.
Thanks so much.


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We're in the process of evaluating new technology for possible use as a new hosting platform. As we did in the past with the Xen platform we're currently in the middle of setting up a trial using KVM.
The KVM software allows the emulation of a system, and is very similar to the current platform we use (which is user mode Linux).
We're looking for between 10 and 20 people who are willing to move onto this trial platform for a few months to see how it works out.
This offer is open to :
Whats in it for you?
The most obvious change is that we'll be increasing the memory available to all users.
| Old Memory | New Memory |
| 150Mb | 256Mb |
| 300Mb | 512Mb |
| 450Mb | 768Mb |
| 600Mb | 1024Mb |
We'll also give you three months free hosting, by pushing back the date of your subscription by three months.
What are the risks?
If it doesn't work out we'll move you back to the host machine you came from, and you'll lose the increased memory you had.
We've not yet stumbled into any obvious bugs, and things seem stable and reliable. Of course we've not had any real world testing yet - which is why we're looking for volunteers.
What are the gains?
The most obvious gain is that you'll have your memory increased for free. But we'll also reward anybody brave enough to be a test user with three months free hosting - that is we'll bump the date of your subscription back by three months, regardless of whether the trial works out or not.
In our testing so far you'll also see improved I/O throughput.
How do I volunteer?
If you're interested in volunteering them please contact support - we'll update this post when the spaces are all gone.
We'd anticipate moving our volunteers in early January 2009.
Our trial is now completely full, thanks to everybody who volunteered.


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- 253Promote
Framed Art Print
A green and blue houseby Paolo Domeniconi
Choose from a variety of frame styles, colors and sizes to compliment your favorite Society6 gallery, or fine art print - made ready to hang. Fine-crafted from solid woods, premium shatterproof acrylic protects the face of the art print, while an acid free dust cover on the back provides a custom finish. All framed art prints include wall hanging hardware.
Love your imagination! Great style!
These are so wonderful! IS this oil? or digital?? I love the colors and how creative they are!
Ugh. Love. Fantastic.
Beautiful work! All your work is amazing :)
Thanks all for comments! :) all my works are digital.
good vision
!!! My heart!
Great, clear, just awesome work Paolo!!! ;)
love it!! :)
Magical image.
i love the aura you create!
Amazing! Outstanding! Beautiful!
In love with this. The warm tones make it feel like a memory
awesome work! salud!
WOAH! Love love love this one!!!! This is just so great!
I love this!
Dittos to what everyone else said!! AMAZING!!!!!!!!!
Such a beautiful image.
Very beautiful work you created here. Nice and good choice of colors.
gorgeous and enchanting!
This is really nice. So personal.
Your work is astounding! i absolutely love it!! keep up the great work.
Niesamowite prace!
I love your work. It's beautiful.
Love it!
See More Comments


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Friday, November 16, 2012
Product Review: G.H. Cretors' Popped Corn
Flavoured popcorn... One of my favourite treats, especially for movie-watching! With Reg and I both being sick for weeks now, we have been home watching a lot of movies and G.H. Cretors' flavoured popcorns kept us company and alive for days.
"It all began in 1885 when Great Grandpa Cretors invented the popcorn machine and our family began perfecting the art of popping corn. His modern machine appeared at the Chicago Columbian Exposition in 1893, and for five generations we've been following in his corn-popping footsteps, taste-testing recipes around our kitchen table." ~ Their history page...
Apparently they use 100% natural ingredients, no artificial flavors or colours and locally grown Non-GMO popcorn.
Healthy popcorn???!!! No way! And get this, all of them are kosher too! I love it. But will I love the flavour?!
I swear, happiness is a box filled with lots and lots of flavoured popcorn when you are sick as a dog and a big movie lover.
The Taste Testing
Just the Cheese Corn
The first bag we tried was the "Just the Cheese Corn" and I immediately noticed how perfectly popped every piece of popcorn was. It was weird! And probably the result of using the kettle corn cooking technique.
"We melt real cheddar cheese to just the right temperature before pouring it on the fluffiest popcorn you've ever tasted!"
It never occurred to me that you can have 100% natural cheese flavoured popcorn but G.H. Cretors has done it. BTW, this small bowl of popcorn would not have existed had I not warned Reg ahead of time that I needed some to photograph the next day. So good! So cheesy and yes, so fluffy.
Just the Caramel Corn
"We cook all of our caramel in old fashioned copper kettles, one batch at a time." This has to be the sweetest and butteriest popcorn I have ever had! Just the Caramel Corn tastes divine and for me, was absolutely addicting. For Reg, it was way too sweet. He could only have a couple bites but not me, this was dangerous! And my favourite of all the popcorn flavours.
Chicago Mix
"... we mix it up the Chicago way, with our rich, creamy, Aged Cheddar Cheese Corn to create the perfect combination of Sweet and Salty."
Personally, I don't get it. I did not find the two went together at all. Instead I would start eating the cheese popcorn, picking them out one at a time, and then finish with the caramel. But that's me. For people who find this combination appealing, I bet this would be a dream come true for you.
Caramel Nut Crunch
"... we add our perfectly roasted nuts to our caramel recipe at just the right time to bring you the best tasting product you've ever had."
Imagine the Just the Caramel version with tons more caramel added as well as roasted nuts. It was good but I found this one a little too clumpy and sweet for me. I think they wanted everything to come together by adding more caramel but it was just too much for me. Mind you, it was still delicious!
Kettle Corn
The Kettle Corn is made with "...popcorn, sunflower oil, cane sugar, and sea salt" and I thought was going to be perfectly boring. No way! In fact, for some reason this product made me feel like I was at the Ex as a kid running around and laughing. I have no idea why. It kind of reminded me of that pink popcorn you could get as a kid but so much better and obviously higher quality and less nuclear in nature. That pink was crazy!
I loved it. I loved that it surprised me with its simple genius and perfect balance.
Foodie Conclusion
We shared all the popcorns with our friends Mike and Jen and they loved all of them and gave them big thumbs up. I think that every single one might not be a hit with one person (we all have particular tastes) but if you love caramel, the caramel one will bowl you over. If you like cheesy popcorn, this is the popcorn for you...
This is a passionate company steeped in the tradition of kettle popcorn making and has stayed true to its vision of being all natural. The popcorn is so light and fluffy, every single kind full of flavour and a total joy to eat. The fact they can make this treat healthier than other popcorn creators makes me gravitate toward it. But, the truth is, it is also the best tasting. Hands down. They are artisans at the craft of popcorn making.
I give their products five out of five wooden spoons.
G.H. Cretors' popcorn is available at select natural food and mainstream grocery stores across the country for $3.99 per 6.5oz bag and online at amazon.com and ghcretors.com. The brand is also on Facebook.
If you go to their Store Locator Page and type in the closest city to you, you will probably be happy to discover there is a place near you that sells this popcorn. For example, Sweet Jane's Gift Shop at 5431 Doyle St. in Halifax is on the list! You can also go here for a complete list of Canadian retailers that sell the popcorn.
Happy weekend everyone! Now I am totally in the movie-watching mood for the weekend. Woot!
6 comments:
- Debra She Who Seeks said...
What a decadent treat! Yum. I hope it helped the healing process along for you and Reg!
- November 16, 2012 at 2:58 PM
- Suzie Ridler said...
It really was decadent. Nothing better than watching movies at home with lots of popcorn. It definitely helped me and Reg is finally getting better too!
- November 16, 2012 at 4:11 PM
- lindsey said...
I got a big of the Chicago Mix at Costco. I hope they start carrying the other flavours, too!
- November 16, 2012 at 6:12 PM
- Violet Vixen said...
Presidents Choice has a Chicago Mix in their Winter Insiders Report...not that I can find it ANYWHERE!!!!!!!!!!!!
- November 16, 2012 at 8:47 PM
- city said...
thanks for sharing.
- November 20, 2012 at 6:24 AM
- Shannon said...
Wow they all look delightfully delicious!! I noticed a Chicago Mix at my Loblaws (different brand though - and it might have been with chips), and wondered what the heck that would taste like! I had never heard of it before.
I think I would like the caramel one the best too...yum!
- November 21, 2012 at 10:37 PM


text: > Date: Mon, 16 Mar 1998 21:48:07 +0100 (MET) > From: Hugo van der Kooij <hvdkooij "at" caiw.nl> > Reply-to: Hugo.van.der.Kooij "at" caiw.nl > To: Stuart <stuart "at" durge.org> > Cc: vnc-list "at" orl.co.uk > Subject: Re: a newsgroup? > On Mon, 16 Mar 1998, Stuart wrote: > > > Having only just subscribed to the mailing list, and wading through lots > > of posts, I was wondering if a newsgroup or two (eg ...vnc.d and > > ...vnc.announce) might not be a bad idea? Sorry if this has already been > > discussed. > > Well, newsgroups draw more spammers then I do care to see. I guess they > outclass sirup (I have not seen sirup draw as many flies as I have had > spams after using use(less)net for a while.) > > So I would be glad to keep things as they are now. > I second this. However, I like the suggestion of a low-volumes announcement list for people who just want to stay informed but don't want to receive over 21 messages a day (average of this month, count courtesy by findmail :-) ). I enjoy this kind of service with several other products very much. Just my 2pc, MCM ----------------------------------------------------------------------- Martin C. Mueller | Institut fuer Mail: mcm "at" itwm.uni-kl.de | Techno- und WirtschaftsMATHEMATIK e.V. Tel.: 0631/205-4472 | Abteilung Prof. Dr. Hamacher Fax.: 0631/205-4139 | http://www.itwm.uni-kl.de Post: Erwin-Schroedinger-Strasse, D-67663 Kaiserslautern ------------------------------------------------------------------------


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Daniel combines customized engineering capabilities, reliable products, best-in-class consulting and project management with industry expertise and lifecycle services to provide innovative, integrated custody transfer metering systems for both liquid and gas measurement.
From the simplest single-stream skid to complex on-site installations, Daniel metering systems are manufactured to global product and fiscal metering standards such as CE, UL, PED, ATEX, DIN, IED, NACE, ANSI, ASTM, AGA, ISO, and OIML. These solutions typically include meters, valves, provers, control panels, user interfaces, software and hardware, and are seamlessly integrated to maximize measurement accuracy and minimize risk.
Jagdeep ChhayaHead - Pipeline and Land AcquisitionCairn India Limited Watch video >


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You limited your search to:
Decade: 1840-1849
Collection: University of North Texas Archives
[Texas Association Certificate]
Date: January 1, 1844
Creator: unknown
Description: Certificate of shareholding in "The Texas Association." The text of the document states that the recipient of the document is entitled to one share of stock in "The Texas Association."
Contributing Partner: UNT Libraries Special Collections


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Philippines Bureau of Customs (BOC) Chief John Philip Sevilla has ordered a thorough review of existing procedures on exportation following news that California State Senator Leland Yee (D-San Francisco) had managed to smuggle firearms from the Philippines to the United States.
Yee was arrested by the FBI on charges of corruption and alleged conspiracy to smuggle and trade firearms for cash. The FBI claimed that Yee was in touch with Wilson Lim, a dentist who was once living in the southern province of Mindanao but now living in California. Lim allegedly had contacts in the Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP) for the high-powered firearms that would be smuggled into the US.
At a recent press conference, Sevilla said his agency has checked ports in Mindanao and Cagayan De Oro but could not find any indication of exported firearms.
"We are now checking the existing procedures regardless of what port to make sure that this will not happen again," Sevilla said. He acknowledged that their current focus is the importation of goods – at least until Yee's arrest and indictment became public knowledge.
Sevilla added that – so far – they could not find any evidence of illegal activities involving Yee or his associates in the country.
Source: Global Nation


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Bears promote Tice to offensive coordinator - chicagotribune.com
Its beyond pride. Its a restored trust. Theres a confidence again, a passion that teeters on swagger. More than anything, (Iowa State head coach Paul Rhoads) has restored the Iowa State it factor, the steadfast belief that it is great to be a Cyclone...the mans enthusiasm is genuine to the core...
columnist Sean Keeler, Des Moines Register
You know, I would make fun of this but as a Viking fan I'd rather have Tice back as HC than Fraizer.
"Winning isn't everything, it's the only thing."
Originally Posted by Clones21
You know, I would make fun of this but as a Viking fan I'd rather have Tice back as HC than Fraizer.
Not a splash hire by any means (sounds like OC hire of another favorite team of mine!!)
To his credit he did a great job with very little to work with this year as the OL coach, expecially after all of the injuries.
As the article states he has NEVER been a coordinator so who knows how he will transition into this role vs just a position coach.
You better believe the bears are going to run the ball with Tice as OC. It won't take a Lovie Smith intervention with Martz to convince the playcaller to stop passing on every down.
This makes signing Forte all that more iportant. Some of the best offense the Bears have ever run was when Tice had more input. Love the hire.
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Comprehensive DescriptionRead full entry
Summary"A very small Heron, the commonest of its family in India, found by every piece of water ; it escapes notice by its dingy coloration until it springs to life with a flash of white wings."
© India Biodiversity Portal
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© Arthur Chapman
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The Onslow Water and Sewer Authority will meet Thursday, May 16, to talk about communications and about a wastewater treatment plant.
The ONWASA board will discuss chemical contracts and the Summerhouse Waste Water Treatment Plant and force main project, among other things, according to the agenda.
The 6 p.m. meeting will be held at Jacksonville City Hall. For more information, call 910-455-0722.
Location, ST | website.com


text:
I just got Pokemon Mystery Dungeon: Blue Rescue Team a few days ago, and I need help with the Sinister Woods Bosses. Caterpie came up to my team saying to rescue someone(It was a while ago, so I forgot who it was), and Gengar, Alakazam, and Ekans said they would get there first and I had to beat them there.
I got to the bosses, only to have Gengar curse everybody, and I ended up losing. This is my team. When I took the test the first time, I ended up getting Mudkip, so I stayed with Mudkip, since he/she's not one of the bad starters like Meowth/Psyduck/Skitty/etc, and I chose Charmander as my partner.
The pokemon I have befriended and can have join my rescue party are Magnemite, Nidoran, and Ledyba. Any suggestions for beating the rival rescue team? It would be nice to be able to beat them so Caterpie will move away from the front door of my rescue team base's door. Thanks.


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|HKT Closed Due To Air Berlin A330 Incident posted Thu Dec 20 2012 11:26:04 by Gonzalo
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|Gatwick LGW Currently Closed Due To Hot Air Balloo posted Fri Apr 13 2012 01:11:13 by OA260
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|Any Chance BNE To Be Closed Due To Floods? posted Tue Jan 11 2011 00:53:17 by AusA380
|CHC Airport (New Zealand) Closed Due To 7.4 Quake posted Fri Sep 3 2010 14:37:17 by 777ER


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|Any Updates On The Status/loaction Of TMA Fleet? posted Fri Oct 7 2005 18:11:27 by B727
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|UA 902 On The 4th Of Jan? posted Wed Jan 4 2006 06:31:12 by Qantas744ER


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Lyndhurst, 635 South Broadway, Tarrytown, New York, USA, NY 10591
almost 4 years by billy Myers 2 / 5This was by far the most disappointing of all the Hudson valley gardens. A small rose garden was all there was. The house and grounds overlook the Hudson river and they are just like all the rest - beautiful. There is a shell of a massive conservatory rusting away. The place had definitely seen better days.
The reviews and ratings originate in all cases from third parties. Gardenvisit is in no case responsible for the correctness or accuracy of the reviews. Reviews and similar information are not an expression of Gardenvisit's opinions.


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What's everyone putting together for the end of the world storm?
I have a large batch of chili cooking, two coolers of beer, and a bottle of Jefferson's Rye all set to go.
When I first saw this thread title, I though Snowcraig had forgot to pick up his kid at school again...
Oh we will fight, fight, fight for Iowa State,
and may her colors ever fly!!!
In Accordance with Prophecy
6" of snow is not enough to prepare and freak out for.
They who can give up essential liberty to obtain a little temporary safety, deserve neither liberty nor safety. - Benjamin Franklin 1775
I just have that feeling that we arent going to get anything over 4-5 inches. So, nothing I guess.
***Official Unofficial Spokesman of Cyclone Fanatic.***
Least favorite poster: JHUNSY
but it's an excuse to throw a party on a Thursday when you dont have to work the next day!!!
Originally Posted by Flag Guy
When I first saw this thread title, I though Snowcraig had forgot to pick up his kid at school again...
weather is over-hyped. i don't worry about it
I'm not going in to Snowtal Meltdown just yet.
Campbell In!
snow? what snow? Hadn't heard anything about it.
Exaggeration is a BILLION times worse than understating.
Originally Posted by nwiafan
but it's an excuse to throw a party on a Thursday when you dont have to work the next day!!!
Not all of us are lucky enough to have work off tomorrow.. If I did, I'd probably go with the COD + Natty Light combo.
I killed a moose and have it hanging in my shower. Just in case were snowed in for months.
The Official Paul Rhode's Salt Truck Driver.
People are getting off work for the snow tomorrow already? My kids are already home from school and it is not even snowing yet.
Made chocolate chip cookies last night before the game. Impending snow as good as any reason to eat some. I'll shovel off the calories right?
Save the drool when you dress it. Per some other threads on this site it's supposed to be tasty.
Been following the storm on Wunderground all AM as my wife had to go to Burlington today. It looks like it is having a hard time coming North and seems to be pushing of to the East.
I bought beer today. OK, so that's not really extra preperation, that's just Thursday...
Cyclone in the heart of enemy territory
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Key things you need to know aboutDr. Page:
Dr. Page's Experience
Research training, expertise and qualifications
Dr. Page's Care Philosophy
Dr. Page's Specialties
- Podiatric Foot & Ankle Surgery
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Hospital Quality
The right hospital is as important as the right doctor
- Allegiance Health
- 205 N East Ave
- Jackson, MI 49201
9 Facts About Hospital Quality
Patients' risk of dying during a hospital stay for heart bypass surgery could be 87.4% lower, on average, at a hospital rated 5 stars compared to a hospital rated 1 star for that procedure. Choosing the right hospital is critical to your health. View Slideshow
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Likelihood of recommending Dr. Page to family and friends is 5 out of 5 5 1 3
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Patient satisfaction surveys provide a standardized way of reporting about healthcare experiences. But there can be more than meets the eye when reviewing scores. Here's what you should know
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No Looking Back: DAC Basics
MichaelAM Marcações: security restrict rbac unix permit aix access control discretionary dac 2.440 Visualizações
This project - Migrating/Moving to RBAC - " no looking back " is going to take "too much" time to organize the story into a single article, so instead - in the spirit of something you can read "in the Morning" with coffee and...
do Blog: Michael in the Morning
No looking back: RBAC - Role Based Access Controls
MichaelAM Marcações: euid rwx role control permissionns ruid discretionary access dac rbac based security 2.785 Visualizações
Role Based Access Controls: RBAC does not replace DAC automatically RBAC is a mechanism for Access Control and that is the key to what is wrong with most implementations using RBAC as an access control. Huh? Isn't RBAC meant to be the next greatest thing in...
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Price and quality differences
Price and quality differences
Material selection, material maintenance, production process, the difference between individual workmanship or mass production - these criteria are reflected in the price. Do you want to play and practice with an empty sound on a mass-produced piano from an assembly line? Or do you prefer a pleasant sound, which was worked out individually on a one-off instrument? Or are you satisfied with a rather shrill and soulless sound of an anonymous production, made by robots or humans in a mechanical industrial process, which are not related to or have no time for sound quality? Even though the answers are obvious, these aspects are often not identified by piano purchase.
A manufacturer's piano building philosophy is essential. How comprehensively does a manufacturer master this very complex issue? Is the main interest to produce cheaply or upgrade an inexpensively assembled instrument with a known name? Is there a sense of responsibility and pride to achieve the best results at various levels for the player? Bechstein's pride and glory is in offering customers valuable instruments. Selecting the best possible methods and choosing the optimal materials from the high-quality start with W.HOFFMANN made in Europe to the C. Bechstein-class masterpieces. Consciously listening brings the quality to light. Take time to compare. Do not be satisfied with half-truths. A valuable instrument from the Bechstein brand portfolio sounds wonderfully balanced, plays precisely and comes from manufacturing structures that intelligently combine the best research results for material, precision and competence with individual manufacturing. Compare price-performance in the aspects of sound, workmanship, touch.


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|Which Invention Would You Like To See On Planes? posted Thu May 6 2004 21:30:43 by Bigpappa
|Which Invention Would You Like To See On Planes? posted Mon Apr 12 2004 21:56:00 by Bigpappa
|What Happen To Delta On IND-SLC? posted Tue Jun 19 2007 00:15:15 by Boeing743
|Flying From DEL To SFO On An ACJ 319- Route? posted Fri Jun 8 2007 12:56:47 by Deaphen
|Italy Says Ready To Help On Alitalia Job Cuts posted Mon May 21 2007 20:33:46 by TACAA320
|BNA To PHL On US Airways posted Wed May 16 2007 18:04:06 by EA772LR
|Airbus Meets Pressure To Deliver On A350 posted Tue May 8 2007 16:32:00 by BoomBoom
|NWA To Be On NYSE-A Buy? posted Tue May 8 2007 00:27:05 by AMFAproud
|CO Starts It's 4th Daily Flight To CDG On Saturday posted Thu May 3 2007 14:19:05 by Stevens91
|Irish President Flies Delta To US On April 29 2007 posted Mon Apr 30 2007 10:33:11 by GWYIRE


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NEW DELHI: "I have no idea how many Muslims are there in Delhi. Ask me how many theatre groups are there and I will tell you," Aamir Raza Husain, who has resigned as Delhi BJP vice-president after publicly criticising Gujarat Chief Minister Narendra Modi, told someone over the phone.
Shaking his head he put down the phone and said "I have no intention of taking mileage out of this issue."


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FIGUEROA: New LPGA commissioner seeks improvements for the sport
The LPGA Tour is doing a number of things right these days.
Commissioner Mike Whan is a fireplug with Red Bull-type energy and Trump-like straight talk the LPGA desperately needed to emerge from the dark days of Carolyn Bivens.
The inaugural Founders Cup, which donated its entire $1 million purse to the LPGA-USGA Girls Golf program and designated charities of the top-10 finishers, was a brilliant idea.
And it's exciting to see the continuing surge of international players, who are quickly turning the women's game into a global one.
The problem is there are still are a number of things still wrong with the LPGA that it's unclear whether women's golf will ever be in the right place.
The biggest problem is exposure. With only 24 events on the calendar, the fewest number of events in 40 years, the LPGA just doesn't have it. Not when you're competing for airtime with the PGA, Champions and Nationwide tours on The Golf Channel.
And with so few events, it's tough for the tour to build a continuous following or any kind of week-to-week momentum. This week's Kraft Nabisco Championship in Rancho Mirage will mark the third straight week of events for the LPGA. But come Sunday, the tour goes silent for nearly a month.
Never mind that the tour didn't play its first tournament of the season on U.S. soil until mid-March.
It didn't help matters when the LPGA decided to cancel the Tres Marias Championship, scheduled for April 21-24, over concerns about drug violence in Mexico. But what it shows is that the LPGA doesn't have any wiggle room.
"Turning on the TV in April is going to be frustrating and embarrassing," Whan told Golf World magazine recently.
But Whan is ever the optimist.
At a press conference in January, Whan recognized the challenges his tour faces. But he also said there are positive signs that are encouraging, such as the season purse is $44 million, up from $41.5 million in 2010. And the LPGA actually will get more airtime this year than last, although much of it will be tape-delayed.
And although the tour lost two tournaments in 2010, it added two in China.
It's slow progress, but it is progress.
"The LPGA is all about, empower, inspire, educate," Whan said. "The way for us to do that is to give the best women on the planet an opportunity to empower, inspire, and educate. We want to do that literally worldwide and do that in as many places as we can. So getting on TV more, playing for more, it's all part of a growth plan to make sure we really do create the greatest golfers worldwide and give them that opportunity."
There's also been a lot of talk lately about the LPGA possibly joining forces with the PGA Tour, a topic that has been tossed around for decades.
Many LPGA players have been resistant to the idea in fear of losing their identity since they would be folded into the mix with the PGA, Champions and Nationwide tours.
Reportedly there have been no formal discussions recently on a possible relationship, but no one is ruling it out there.
In the meantime, Whan continues to stump for the women's game.
"In the current world of the LPGA, it is a pretty good career opportunity for 75-100 women, but it's not a great opportunity for 175 women and I'd like to fix that," he said. "I can't right now, but I'm on it. I know I can provide a great platform for the great players of the world, and at the same time I want to provide a platform for the next great ones."