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The German Studies Program promotes competency in the use of language and understanding of cultural history and contemporary society in German-speaking countries. It is designed to meet the needs of students seeking a liberal-arts education with an emphasis on German language and culture; those intending to teach at the elementary, secondary, or the college or university level; and of those planning to use German in professional careers or in pursuit of graduate studies. Efforts are made to accommodate the special needs of students who simultaneously pursue a major in Business, Engineering, or a certificate in Travel and Tourism.
Lower Division: One year of intermediate German or equivalent. Students who have completed sufficient high-school German may take upper-division courses as soon as lower-division requirements have been met. Native speakers of German may not enroll for credit in 101A/B or 201A/B.
Upper Division: A minimum of 33 units (36 for Single Subject) of upper-division courses in German, which must include: GERM 301, 302, 415, and 416 and twelve (12) additional units of 400-level literature and culture courses: 430, 440, 450, 458, 459, 460, 480, and 498
Recommendations: Courses should be selected in consultation with the major advisor. The department strongly recommends studies or an internship in a German-speaking country and will assist in such plans.
Completion of the German major (plus 6 additional units) meets the subject matter competence requirement for the Single Subject Preliminary Credential in German (code 153). Prospective students should consult the undergraduate German Advisor and the Languages Other Than English (LOTE) Program Advisor early to plan their program.
In addition to meeting the subject matter competence requirement for the Preliminary Credential, prospective teachers of German are also required to complete 44 units of professional preparation in the Single Subject Credential Program, including student teaching. Students may begin the professional preparation courses as early as the junior year. With careful planning, it is possible to complete all of the credential program courses, except for student teaching, as an undergraduate. Courses may also be completed as post-baccalaureate student. Refer to the Single Subject Teacher Education section of this Catalog or the Single Subject Credential Program website (www.ced.csulb.edu/single-subject) for a description of the professional preparation requirements, courses, and application procedures.
The German Subject Matter Program is being revised to meet new state standards. When the revised program has been approved by the Commission on Teacher Credentialing, the new course requirements will be in effect and supersede current requirements.
The same as for the B.A. plus GERM 303 and 410 or equivalent.
A minimum of 20 upper division units, which must include: GERM 301, 302, 415, and 416.
The Minor in German is available to any non-German major.
The Master of Arts in German prepares students for academic and other professional careers. The Program is committed to support each graduate student in his or her career goals and works together with other programs and departments on campus to help formulate a meaningful and marketable study plan for each student. Many of our graduates go into teaching at the secondary and post-secondary level and are successful in competing for fully supported Ph.D. programs throughout the U.S. We encourage students to study at German-speaking universities and assist with overseas study plans.
For graduate students interested in multimedia teaching technology, the program provides special projects and practical opportunities. Teaching Assistantships are available.
Advancement to Candidacy
Advancement to Candidacy should take place upon completion of at least six units, preferably no more than nine units applicable to the program, with at least a 3.0 GPA.
The candidate may file for advancement to candidacy only after she/he has filed a transcript of credits or a change-of-objective form, completed the prerequisites, and fulfillment of the Graduation Writing Assessment Requirement (GWAR).
The student graduate program must be approved by the graduate advisor, departmental committee, and the College of Liberal Arts Associate Dean of Graduate Studies.


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Declan Maguire (father of golfing stars Lisa and Leona Maguire)
"We would like to wish Liam all the very best on the opening of McCool Golf Academy at Ashwoods Driving Range in Enniskillen. Liam's coaching skills helped greatly with the successful development of both Lisa and Leona's games when they initially started several years ago.
"The fact that Liam can simplify the golf swing so easily makes him a natural talent for all levels of coaching. Combining this talent with a warm personality creates the ideal environment to learn or develop the game of golf. Liam's golfing academy should ensure that golfers of all levels get an opportunity to improve their game and potential talent gets recognition."
From a recent article in Fermanaghs 'Impartial Reporter'
"A revitalised Rodney Howe scored 41 points in the Duffy Open to record his first win this year. The eight handicapper attributed his win to coaching from Liam McCool who has sorted his erratic driving which has plagued him in recent months." Congratulations to Rodney and to read the full report click here
Brendan Murphy, Real Estate & Membership Director, Doonbeg Golf Club
"Liam McCool is a terrific mentor great family man and an excellent golf coach. Liam guided me through my PGA training. It was from Liam's experience & knowledge of golf that I went on to be a qualified PGA Golf Professional.
For any golfers young and old aspiring to win there club championship, go on to represent there country or turn professional,Liam has the professionalism to take you there.
Best of Luck with your new golf academy."
James Magee, Strabane
"After a few half hour lessons with Liam I feel that I am hitting the ball in a much more consistent way and that I can repeat that on a consistent basis. I now know the key areas that I need to concentrate on and already I know that I have improved my tee shots and long irons by 100%. Thanks a lot Liam, I'll be back for more very soon"
Jim Harley, Narin and Portnoo
"I have recently returned to golf after a few years out and needed a few lessons from Liam McCool to help get me back on track. Liam quickly spotted a few minor problems with my grip and backswing and gave me a few drills to help correct these. I am now really enjoying my golf again and looking forward to every round"

subset: commoncrawl


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Ruby Mae Cusick, 82, of Spiro was born Oct. 28, 1930, in Tucker, Okla., to Ray Howard and Willie Belle (Maxwell) Ridenour and passed away Saturday, Sept. 21, 2013, in Fort Smith.
She is survived by one son, Phillip Wayne Cusick and Connie Ross of Spiro; three grandsons, Dylan, Colton and Landon Cusick; two sisters, Sally Collins and husband Dillard of Mangum, Okla., and Betty Wilcox and husband Roger of Amarillo, Texas; two brothers, Buddy Ridenour of Fort Smith and Clayton Ridenour and Kathleen of Spiro; two sisters-in-law, Betty Jo Ridenour of Wagner, Okla., and Sandra Ridenour of Dora; and one brother-in-law, Odell Cusick of Spiro.
She was preceded in death by her parents; her husband, Julius Cusick; two brothers, Aaron Ridenour and Robert "Bob" Ridenour; and one sister-in-law, Evelena Payne.
Funeral will be 2 p.m. today at Murry Spur Free Will Baptist Church with the Rev. C.L. Thomas officiating. Burial will follow at New Hope Cemetery, under the direction of the Mallory-Martin Funeral Home in Spiro.
Pallbearers will be Jim Ashley, Tom Lovell, Dwayne Nixon, Mike Pope, Stanley Swift and Travis Swift.
Honorary pallbearer will be Acie Joe Conrad.
Please sign her online guestbook at www.mallorymartinfuneralhome.com.


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אנחנו בפייסבוק
Shocking new biography about Indian leader claims he was racist bi-sexual who had affair with German-Jewish architect
Published: 03.28.11, 12:30 / Israel News
According to the Telegraph, the book alleges Ghandi was in love with German-Jewish architect and bodybuilder, Hermann Kallenbach, for whom he left his wife in 1908.
It also claims that as an older man he held "nightly cuddles" – without clothes - with seventeen year-old girls, including his own niece.
"Gandhi wrote to Kallenbach about 'how completely you have taken possession of my body. This is slavery with a vengeance'," the book said. It is also claimed that Ghandi nicknamed himself "Upper House" and Kallenbach "Lower House."
Ghandi (L) with Kallenbach (R) and an unidentified woman (Photo: The Daily Mail)
According to the Daily Mail, Kallenbach was born in Germany but emigrated to South Africa where he became a wealthy architect. He lived with Ghandi for two years in a house he built in South Africa.
The two were forced to separate in 1914 when Ghandi returned to India and Kallenbach was denied entry to the country because of World War I. They stayed in touch by letter.
The book also claims the Indian leader held racist views against South African blacks.
"We were marched off to a prison intended for Kaffirs," he is quoted as saying during a visit to the country. "We could understand not being classed with whites, but to be placed on the same level as the Natives seemed too much to put up with. Kaffirs are as a rule uncivilized."
The Wall Street Journal's review states the book depicts Gandhi as "a sexual weirdo, a political incompetent, a fanatical faddist, implacably racist, and a ceaseless self-promoter, professing his love for mankind as a concept while actually despising people as individuals."
The New York Times praised the book. "Lelyveld is especially qualified to write about Gandhi's career on both sides of the Indian Ocean: he covered South Africa for The New York, and spent several years in the late 1960s reporting from India. He brings to his subject a reporter's healthy skepticism," the paper said.


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MORGANTOWN - When Deniz Kilicli was a freshman, West Virginia went to the Final Four.
He thought the good times were coming his way.
On Wednesday night, with three regular-season games left in his college career, he's seeing the other side of it.
Article Photos
Baylor's Isaiah Austin (21) blocks the shot of West Virginia's Deniz Kilicli (13). during last night's game.
Juwan Staten, a zero-percent 3-point shooter, had a 22-foot desperation shot blocked as the Baylor Bears escaped the Coliseum with a 65-62 victory against the Mountaineers.
''How many times do you see that happen?'' Kilickli asked. ''To any team. Look at Division-I players, that never happens. Somebody does something, creates the shot, and gets the shot off. We couldn't even get the shot off. That didn't happen just today. This has been happening for a long time, and it's really frustrating for everybody.
The truth is, these Mountaineers (13-15 overall, 6-9 Big 12) haven't made a game-tying, or winning shot all year.
Fact Box
Jefferson 2-4 3-5 7, Austin 8-14 3-4 21, Heslip 1-8 2-2 4, Walton 5-8 0-0 10, Jackson 4-13 6-6 15, Rose 0-2 0-0 0, Gathers 2-3 0-0 4, Franklin 1-1 1-2 4, Bello 0-0 0-0 0. Totals 23-53 15-19 65.
Kilicli 1-7 5-6 7, Murray 0-2 0-0 0, Staten 4-10 0-0 8, Harris 7-14 10-13 25, Humphrey 0-4 0-0 0, Rutledge 1-2 0-3 2, Hinds 0-1 0-0 0, Browne 0-1 0-0 0, Henderson 3-6 0-0 7, Noreen 3-6 3-4 10, Gerun 1-3 1-2 3. Totals 20-56 19-28 62.
Halftime-West Virginia 34-29. 3-Point Goals-Baylor 4-18 (Austin 2-5, Franklin 1-1, Jackson 1-5, Rose 0-1, Heslip 0-6), West Virginia 3-17 (Noreen 1-3, Harris 1-4, Henderson 1-4, Murray 0-1, Staten 0-2, Humphrey 0-3). Fouled Out-Walton. Rebounds-Baylor 32 (Jefferson 11), West Virginia 42 (Noreen 9). Assists-Baylor 13 (Jackson 5), West Virginia 8 (Staten 3). Total Fouls-Baylor 20, West Virginia 19. A-6,588.
In fairness to Staten, the play wasn't set up for him to shoot that one. Screens were set for Terry Henderson and Eron Harris, who scored a career-high 25 points, or Staten was instructed to take it to the hoop and, at the very least score, if not get fouled, then foul.
''Everybody runs it,'' West Virginia coach Bob Huggins said. ''If they switch, you go to the basket and score. Taking a shot you can't make isn't going to help anything."
Staten hasn't made a 3-pointer in live game action in 24 months.
''It's tough when it's a three-point game and you have to get a 3 and the defense knows what you are looking for,'' Baylor coach Scott Drew said.
This was a game that saw West Virginia lead by as much as nine in the first half and Baylor (17-11, 8-7) not score a field goal in the last 7:07, but eight free throws during that stretch were good enough to do the trick for the Bears.
Harris had 14 of his points during a first half in which the Mountaineers shot 44 percent, but saw that plummet to 36 percent in the second half. They were 3 of 17 on 3-point attempts.
''It's frustrating,'' Huggins said. ''We had a whole lot of chances. We don't get any stops when we need to get stops and we won't make shots when we need to make shots.''
Isaiah Austin led Baylor with 21 points, followed by 15 from Pierre Jackson and 10 from A.J. Walton.
Kevin Noreen came off the bench to add 10 and nine rebounds for WVU.


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A question I'm asked frequently, especially in recent months, with what seems like an abundance of new web series, is, what I think makes a good web series.
My response is always the same: it's really not all that different from asking what makes a good film (or TV show). I think the same things that attract us to movies and TV serials are also what attract us to web series - story, script, acting, directing, cinematography, editing, etc. The usual stuff.
It's all subjective, isn't it? What I'm attracted to wouldn't necessarily be universally attractive.
I think knowing who your audience is, as with filmmaking and TV content producing, is key. Know your audience; know what they like; and give them what they want. Forget the other groups of people who don't immediately take to your series. If it finds its audience, and they support it, you've won.
The one thing I'd say, that I think many will agree on, is how long each episode of your web series should be. I get tons of them emailed to me every week, and share one or two, here and there. And I can tell you that I'm most likely to watch those that are short - in the 5 to 10 minute range. That's your sweet spot I'd say. Anything pushing past 10 minutes, is probably in danger of losing, or not attracting eyeballs.
Ignore those voices encouraging you to make your episodes longer; Don't do it! Make each episode short, memorable, and keep audiences hungry for more, from one episode to the next.
If you absolutely MUST make each episode 15 to 20 minutes (or more), make sure you have something so riveting that it keeps audiences engaged the entire time.
But, my suggestion would be to stay in that 5 to 10 minute range per episode.
Another suggestion would be to test the waters; as in, create a few episodes to start, instead of shooting, editing, scoring the entire season of episodes (assuming you're taking that route), before unveiling the series, only to see it die very quickly, due to a lack of audience interest and/or awareness. And then you find yourself stuck with another 10 already-made episodes still to be released; money already spent, time already invested, but little seen in return.
This isn't a steadfast rule; but it's the approach I'd take. For example, let's say you're developing a 10-episode web series. You can opt to produce the first 3 to start (that's the number of episodes I usually give TV and web series to decide whether I'll continue watching them; I figure that by the 3rd episode, I should be able to make an informed decision on how I feel about a series; it's worked for me in the past, and continues to do so). And then release the first 3, spread out over a short period of time. And I'd say that by the time you've let the first episode travel, you should have some idea of what audiences think of it, and even more of an idea by the time you unveil the second episode, and definitely by the 3rd, at which time you'll have to make a decision as to whether it's worth it for you to invest more of your money and time in producing the rest of the series.
There might be a brief hiatus between the 3rd episode, and the 4th, but you should plan to write all 10 episodes first; So the scripts will be done and ready, and it'll be a matter of going back into production to shoot the rest.
Easier said than done, and you run the risk of your audience forgetting your series, especially if the hiatus is a lengthy one. The simplest way to solve that is DON"T LET IT BE A LENGTHY ONE!
Planning is key; be prepared to go into production on the rest of the series by the end of the second week, after episode 2 has aired, if you feel that you've got something, and audiences are digging it.
Another good reason to produce the first 3 episodes first as a test, before investing in a full season, is that doing so also allows you to *fix* what may not be working, assuming you want to continue with the series, especially if you seek feedback from the audiences you expose those first 3 episodes to. Or even if you don't take any audience feedback directly. Having that opportunity to make changes, however drastic, can be a very good thing; saving you money, time, and other resources, including your sanity, and your web series.
But, to wrap all this up:
- Keep each episode short, 5 to 10 minutes long, or about 7 1/2 minutes.
- As with filmmaking, and TV series, the same rules for engaging audiences apply: story, script, acting, directing, cinematography, editing, etc. And knowing who your target audience is.
- You can do as I suggested, which is to write the entire season first, but only produce the first 3 or so episodes, and release those, preferably within a short period of time (a few days, or a week; definitely not a month or longer), but be prepared to produce the rest of the season, if the first 1, 2, 3 episodes are successful.
Those are MY suggestions, based on what I've seen, heard, read, experienced, etc. Others might feel differently on any of these points, and that's just fine too.
And once again, as a refresher, here are my 5 Tips On Writing No-Budget/Low-Budget Feature Screenplays, which applies to web series production as well.
1. K.I.S.S. - A suggestion I've given to others is, before you even start writing, take an inventory of everything you have access to, whether for free, or for cheap - locations, wardrobe, props, equipment, whatever - and then write your script based on your findings.
2. Characters - the fewer the better. No ensemble pieces; Less people to account for. Take a look at some films we've featured on this blog, which were made with very little money, like Medicine For Melancholy, A Good Day To Be Black & Sexy, 6 Things I Never Told You, I Will Follow, and others. Medicine was a 2-character piece; Black & Sexy and 6 Things were more like a series of short films centered on specific themes, with each short having no more than 2 characters at a time; I Will Follow really had 1 star, and a smattering of supporting casts. Some might think that you can't make an "entertaining" film with 1, 2, 3 or 4 characters, but that's B.S. and you should abandon that line of thought.
3. Locations - first, like the number of characters, the fewer the better, and the reasons should be obvious. Once again, I Will Follow for example, 1 house was the primary location; done. Secondly, and just as importantly, relegate much of your script to locations you can fully control - unless you've got money to shut down streets, or use parts of airports and hotels. But if you did, you wouldn't be reading this, would you? 3rd, stay inside as much as possible - especially in any scenes with dialogue. If you're going to shoot any street scenes, you'll be best served by keeping those dialogue-free - or with very little of it. Don't write a scene with a 5-page conversation that takes place on the Brooklyn bridge, for example. That's an extreme example, I know. But you'd be surprised by some of what I've seen. Just do your best to keep your scenes within 4 walls - especially those with dialogue. Obtaining good sound is crucial! Don't jeopardize that by shooting sync sound dialogue scenes in locations you have little control of.
4. Dialogue - and speaking of dialogue... a common mistake novice writers/filmmakers often make is to write scripts filled with dialogue. There's nothing that turns producers off more than being handed a script that, upon initially flipping through, is made up of page after page of dialogue chunks. As I've experienced with scripts I've read, the dialogue is often repetitive and expository. One of the first things you learn in film school is: show, don't tell. Actions really do speak louder than words when it comes to the language of cinema, so keep your dialogue at a minimum, succinct and brisk. Unless you're trying to emulate Woody Allen, Quentin Tarantino, or David Mamet, amongst others. But why would you be? Especially when working with a tiny budget. Although, I'd say this - if you do have a dialogue-heavy script, keep item numbers 2 and 3 above in consideration when writing. Sure, on your early drafts, you might spill everything out in words spoken by your characters; however, when you're editing in later drafts, clean up as much as possible, and find ways to have your characters express themselves succinctly, or without words.
5. Length - keep it short. I'd say anywhere from 80 to 100 pages max is good - preferably closer to 80. Again, you're working with little to zero financing, so the shorter your script is, the less money you'd likely have to spend. Of course there are exceptions, but, in general, it doesn't take a genius to realize the math here.


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Popular Searches
NEW YORK - Phoenix Suns coach Alvin Gentry has been fined $25,000 for improper conduct toward a referee and for failing to leave the court in a timely manner after his ejection.
The NBA also announced Saturday that Chicago Bulls guard Kirk Hinrich has been suspended one game without pay by the NBA for making contact with a referee.
Gentry's incident also occurred Friday night, with 5:06 left in Phoenix's 102-96 loss at home to the Los Angeles Lakers.
Hinrich's infraction took place with 4:43 left in the Bulls' 108-95 loss at Miami on Friday night. He will miss Chicago's game at Memphis on Tuesday night.
Popular Searches
Phoenix Suns coach Alvin Gentry (left) is restrained by assistant coach Dan Mejerle after being ejected during the game Friday night.
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Lydia Kelley's passion for TESOL began with a two year adventure teaching adult professionals and high school students in China. This led to her pursuit of a greater understanding of language acquisition in SFSU's M.A. TESOL program. Her current position teaching academic English at the American Language Institute provides her with the opportunity to put her new knowledge into practice.
Presentation Abstract:
An Examination of Second Language Writers' Strategies for Generating Ideas
What really happens when ESL students sit down to write a paper? What strategies and techniques do they use when they have difficulty getting ideas? The presenter will share findings from a study in which she closely followed students in an advanced English class in an Intensive English program during their process of writing an academic essay. She will present the range of different strategies the students used to generate ideas and discuss individual variations in techniques. This will be followed by a discussion of teaching implications and recommendations for how teachers can support learners in their idea generation process.


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Anything that you can do to make your home more energy-efficient will help ward off stink bugs from sneaking in.
The region might, just might, have fewer stinkbugs to deal with in the coming spring and summer.
The smelly pests are taking over the D.C. area and this season is worse than previous years.
WTOP Garden Editor Mike McGrath gives advice on how to keep that grass green and lush, hold the grubs at bay and safe ways to keep caterpillars away all.
Stink bugs are likely to come roaring back in
according to University of Maryland entomology
professor Mike Raupp.
Happy peas for St. Pat\'s! That\'s right, peas. St. Patrick\'s Day isn\'t just for wearing green, it\'s also the unofficial kickoff to growing some delicious green-green peas.
Where can you watch summer outdoor movies?


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The reviews are in for Baz Luhrmann's epically mounted display of bacchanalia "The Great Gatsby," which opens in the US on Friday before premiering again at Cannes on May 15. As expected, the film is incredibly divisive.
Our own Anne Thompson enjoys the film's swirling visuals but finds the film, at almost two-and-a-half hours, rather thin dramatically (you could probably read Fitzgerald's novel in less time):
Finally, this is the kind of film where you hum the sets, as they say in Hollywood. It's outrageously designed by Luhrmann's wife, brilliant production designer Catherine Martin, who delivers the Gatsby manse's shining turrets, gleaming parquet floors, elaborate chandeliers and a mighty gold Wurlitzer organ, but should also earn an Oscar nomination for her gorgeous over-the-top costumes, including the Daisy Buchanan show-topper, a chandelier party dress designed by Miuccia Prada... But when Luhrmann returns for another round of parties, it's a letdown. Finally this overproduced slimmest of narratives becomes repetitive...
It don't mean a thing if it ain't got that bling in Baz Luhrmann's "The Great Gatsby," which arrives six months after its originally scheduled December release date but maintains something of a gussied-up holiday feel, like the Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade as staged by Liberace. Indeed, it comes as little surprise that the Aussie auteur behind the gaudy, more-is-more spectacles "Moulin Rouge" and "Australia" has delivered a "Gatsby" less in the spirit of F. Scott Fitzgerald's novel than in that of its eponymous antihero -- a man who believes bejeweled excess will help him win the heart of the one thing his money can't buy.
Opulence defines the production values, led by Martin's sets and costumes. As for the use of 3D by Luhrmann and cinematographer Simon Duggan, it is probably the most naturalistic aspect of the film; only rarely do you notice it in a pronounced way and yet it really does add something to the experience, drawing you in as if escorting you through a series of opening gates, doors and emotional states.
Some critics have been less enthusiastic, such as Drew McWeeny over at HitFix:
One of the most famous scenes from the book comes early on, when Gatsby is showing Daisy this world that he's built for her benefit... And all I could think of was James Franco showing off to Ashley Benson and Vanessa Hudgens, rattling off everything he owns and spitting out his repeated mantra, "Lookit my sheeeeeeit." That is who Gatsby would be today, self-invented and wrapped in the most modern trappings possible... "Spring Breakers" feels like it understands that character in a way that this "Gatsby" can't, smothered as it is in a world of total artifice. "The Great Gatsby" remains that mirage, shimmering and beautiful and utterly without substance, and it marks a fairly major misfire for this ambitious filmmaker.
David Denby of The New Yorker:
Luhrmann whips Fitzgerald's sordid debauch into a saturnalia -- garish and violent, with tangled blasts of music, not all of it redolent of the Jazz Age. Fitzgerald's scene at the apartment gives off a feeling of sinister incoherence; Luhrmann's version is merely a frantic jumble. The picture is filled with an indiscriminate swirling motion, a thrashing impress of "style" (Art Deco turned to digitized glitz), thrown at us with whooshing camera sweeps and surges and rapid changes of perspective exaggerated by 3-D.
And Alonso Duralde of TheWrap:
The cardinal sin of this new "Gatsby" is that it's dull, and say what you will about Luhrmann's previous movies, that's not an adjective that usually comes up. Here, sadly, you can hear the wheels of the plot grinding as loudly as Gatsby's custom Duesenberg.


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OLTL Star's "Knight" JobBy Posted: Jan 29, 2009
Daytime fans will be pleased to see Sean Ringgold, bodyguard du jour Shaun on ONE LIFE TO LIVE, in the recent box-office smash Notorious. The biopic about late rap star Notorious B.I.G. (a.k.a. Christopher Wallace) features Angela Bassett, Anthony Mackie, Jamal Woolard, Derek Luke and Ringgold as infamous Death Row Records CEO Suge Knight. "It was an incredible experience," beams the actor, who hails from Rockaway Park, NY. "I saw the flick two weeks ago at the premiere and I was walking the red carpet behind [Director] George Tillman, Jr. and [Producer/Former Wallace Manager] Wayne Barrow and I had a moment where I just stopped and told them, 'Thanks a million for the opportunity,' and [Tillman] said, 'You're very welcome, you deserve it.' "
Gratitude is something the actor seems to have no shortage of, whether he's talking about his film work, daytime gig or that other job that got him frequently photographed by paparazzi in New York. "I just finished working with Katie Holmes for the duration of All My Sons," reports the real-life bodyguard. "I've been doing entertainment security for about 10 years, for people like Ludacris, LL Cool J, Queen Latifah, Reggie Miller — I can't even begin to tell you how many personalities I've worked with." Having witnessed the up-and-down nature of the entertainment business from within, Ringgold says the security gig has taught him humility. "I've learned to be grateful I have a job. Do the best you can and keep on pushing forward. When those big paydays come, they come. Otherwise, keep your mouth shut and be grateful you got a job."
Okay, so he's not giving away any celebrity secrets, but he did reveal a few behind-the-scenes stories of Notorious. While filming Knight's fabled acceptance speech dissing Bad Boy Records founder Sean "Diddy" Combs and East Coast rap at the 1995 Source Awards, Ringgold let loose on his co-stars to elicit some intense reaction shots. "The director wanted to get the real, true effect of it, so I was standing about 20 feet away from them on a loud mic that was blasting throughout the whole auditorium looking right in their eyes, and I was getting so real and aggressive with the character," recalls Ringgold. "You could just see the hate in their eyes and they were loving it [laughs]." Nevertheless, Luke, who plays Combs, and Woolard, who portrays Wallace, all had fun together off-screen. "At the table read, I had to go shoot for ONE LIFE TO LIVE so I did my scenes, then got up in Derek's face and went, 'I'll see you on the block, playa,' and left in character. Everyone got a kick out of it. We would all taunt each other back and forth."
In addition, former OLTLer Charles Malik Whitfield (ex-Dr. Ben Price, 1993), portrays Barrow in the film. "It was surreal making the movie. It totally took me back," says the Bronx, NY, native, who spent time with Wallace in real life. "He had a great sense of humor. Jokes would just come out of nowhere. His wheels were always turning, thinking about what's next and what he has to get done." Look for Whitfield and fellow OLTL alum Nathan Fillion (ex-Joey) to guest-star on ABC's CASTLE in April.


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- Nokia starts shipping crucial N8 smartphone
The world's leading mobile phone maker, Nokia, has started to ship its flagship smartphone the N8… 30/09/10 20:20 CET
- Sharp fall in German jobless
Germany's unemployment rate fell to its lowest level in more than 18 years in September – 7.5… 30/09/10 20:20 CET
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Inflation in the euro zone has risen again, led by higher energy costs. The EU's statistics… 30/09/10 20:20 CET
- Ireland details massive bank cleanup
The Irish government has admitted it could cost up to 50 billion euros to bailout the banks at the… 30/09/10 20:20 CET
- Second-quarter US economic growth revised up
US economic growth was a touch higher in the second quarter than previously estimated but remains… 30/09/10 20:20 CET
- Estonia's euro entry
"This is the Estonian crown. Take a close look… because very soon the Estonian national currency… 30/09/10 21:35 CET
- Roma in France: not in my backyard
In France, the Roma controversy is far from over. After a summer of expulsions and crackdowns on… 30/09/10 21:35 CET
le mag
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- Science and science fiction – two worlds meet
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world news
- Protests step up against Stuttgart railway project
What started off as a protest against plans to knock down Stuttgart's landmark train station is… 30/09/10 22:54 CET
- President "attacked" as unrest rocks Ecuador
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text:
Prosecutor v. Kamuhanda, Case No. ICTR-95-54A, Separate and Concurring Opinion (Jan. 22, 2004).
Original: English
Before Judges: William H. Sekule, Presiding
Winston C. Matanzima Maqutu
Arlette Ramaroson
Registrar: Adama Dieng
Judgment of: 22 January 2004
Jean de Dieu Kamuhanda
Case No. ICTR-99-54A-T
Judge Maqutu's Separate and Concurring Opinion
on the Verdict
Counsel for the Prosecution:
Mr. Marks Moore Senior Trial Attorney
Mr. Ibukunolu Alao Babajide Trial Attorney
Ms. Dorothée Marotine Case Manager
Counsel for the Defence:
Ms. Aïcha Condé Lead Counsel
Ms. Patricia Mongo Co Counsel
Ms. Seynabou Benga Legal Assistant
Ms. Anta Guisse Legal Assistant
1. It has become necessary to hand down a separate opinion from the majority because we do not always believe the same witnesses. Even where we do, our opinions are sometimes only partially the same.
2. There is general agreement about the historical aspects of the Tribunal, its mandate and the history of the case. The Indictment was far wider than the evidence was able to reveal.
3. Evidence only focused on his activities in Gikomero Protestant Parish and Gishaka Roman Catholic Parish. Because evidence was not available to prove conspiracy to commit genocide, at the close of the Prosecution case the Accused was acquitted of this charge.
4. The Indictment gave prominence to the fact that the Accused became a
Minister of Higher Education and Scientific Research as a culmination to
his public service career.
5. The Chambers approach to evidence and issues of credibility, corroboration and hearsay have been summarized in the main judgment. There is no need to repeat them here.
Background to the Genocide and Crimes Against Humanity
6. In this case (in contrast to some other cases) the Defence did not challenge that genocide and crimes against humanity occurred in Rwanda. Consequently the Prosecution was only put to the proof of allegations in the Indictment against the Accused. In other words the Prosecution had to prove the specific involvement and guilt of the Accused.
7. The Prosecution did not lead much evidence on the historical background to the genocide and the tragedy that occurred in Rwanda. It was the Defence that did so. It was Defence Expert Witness Dr. Nkiko Nsegimana who gave a version that was largely unchallenged. According to him there had been fighting between the Rwanda Patriotic Front which was identified with the Tutsi, and the Rwandan Government which was largely Hutu. There was a cease-fire that led to the signing of the Arusha Accords, on 4 August 1993. The implementation of the Arusha Accords was a problem when the President's aeroplane was shot down, killing him and his Chief of Staff. This left the country and the Rwandan armed forces without leadership.
8. It was as a result of this vacuum at the top of government that the entirely Hutu faction of the army and some political parties took effective power. Acting President Sindikubwabo and what remained of the multi-party government became the front for the extremist Hutu faction of the army and politicians. It was because of the domination of this group that the extermination of Tutsis became inevitable.
9. However, the facade of national reconciliation and an all-inclusive government in terms of the Arusha Accords was maintained to give legitimacy to this shift of power. Acting President Sindikubwabo, who was the Speaker of the National Assembly, was made to take office because in terms of the interim constitution he was the lawful person to act as President. According to Defence Expert Witness Dr Nkiko Nsengimana, he was not a willing participant as his Tutsi wife had been killed.
10. Acting President Sindikubwabo was sworn in on 11 April 1994. By 19 April 1994 he was making speeches using words like "mukore" (work) to incite the killing of Tutsis, because pressure was put on moderate Hutus to take extremist positions.
11. According to Defence Witness VPM, a former Minister in the Rwandan Government, from January 1994 Rwanda was a powder keg and the resumption of hostilities between Government forces and the RPF was imminent. Witness VPM ought to know because he had been a Minister and Chairman of a branch of MRND. Consequently, according to Defence Expert Witness Dr Nkiko Nsengimana, as early as February 1994 the extermination of Tutsis had been threatened if the RPF resumed hostilities as a solution to the political impasse.
12. Tutsi and Hutu lived together in harmony and sometimes intermarried. For example the mother of the wife of the Accused was Tutsi. It is common cause that Rwanda had had ethnic tensions for a long time. According to Witness VPM, who is an admirer of the late President Habyarimana, President Habyarimana had taken power in 1973 after ethnic disturbances. Witness VPM says he resigned from being Chairman of the branch of MRND in 1992 for personal reasons after the burning houses and massacre of Tutsi in Genda, Gashora and Kanzenze in the Bugesera region because of irresponsible speeches.
Presence of the Accused at Gikomero on 12 April 1994
13. The Accused's defence is that he was at his home in the Kacyiru quarter of Kigali between 7 April 1994 and 17 April 1994. Consequently he could not have led the attack at Gikomero Protestant Parish. Furthermore, in any event roads to Gikomero (according to the Accused) were closed because of the fighting. It was therefore impossible for him to get from his home to Gikomero Protestant Church on 12 April 1994.
14. The Prosecution has to prove its case against the Accused in respect of the crimes charged. The Accused does not have to prove his alibi, all he has to do is to persuade the Chamber that it is reasonably possible that he was not at Gikomero, but at the place he claims to have been. He claims he was at his residence in Kacyiru. Even if he was not, clearly it does not mean he is guilty of the crimes charged. That will depend on the evidence adduced and the evaluation of the evidence as a whole.
15. The Accused states that he remained at home to protect his home from looters who took advantage of the chaos to invade homes and to steal. His home was within walking distance from the Ministry of Higher Education and Research, which he headed as a public servant with the rank of Director General. After the shooting down of the President's plane, people were instructed to remain at home. The Accused did so between 7 April 1994 and 17 April 1994, except on 8 April 1994 when he made two trips to Kimihurura, which is about one and a half kilometres from Kacyiru, in order to bring his son René home. In other words the Ministry of Higher Education and Research, appears not to have functioned in Kigali during this period.
16. The Accused told the Chamber that fighting was so intense after the downing of the President's plane that he left his residence and went to live with a neighbour, Defence Witness ALS, to avoid artillery shells that were flying about. The house of another neighbour that was on higher ground had been hit by a shell.
17. The Accused further informed the Chamber that the men of his neighbourhood mounted day and night patrols against looters and no more slept in their homes. Between 7 April 1994 and 17 April 1994 they all slept outside, until they left Kigali. They were only armed with sticks during these patrols, which in his view acted only as a deterrent against looters. There was a military post 500 meters from his residence. In cross-examination the Accused conceded that their patrols were in violation of the order that they should stay at home. They all patrolled at the same time, and did not take turns.
18. Defence Witness ALS, in support of the Accused's alibi, said the Accused lived at her residence and that the Accused was never out of her sight for more than an hour. The Accused could never have gone to Gikomero without telling her. Defence Witness ALR supported the Accused's evidence in respect of the round-the-clock patrols. Witness ALR told the Chamber that on 8 April 1994 three armed soldiers extorted 2000 Francs from him after searching him. An hour later a group of Interahamwe armed with machetes invaded his house, ransacked it and took jewellery, crockery, cutlery and meat. He only informed neighbours including the Accused about the incident with the soldiers, but says he did not tell them about the Interahamwe. After that he went to live with Witness ALS and the Accused at the house of ALS, for his own security.
19. Defence Witness ALB told the Chamber that patrols began after that because soldiers had threatened Witness ALR. For the men patrolling, the rest periods were together and they all resumed patrols at the same time. The Accused's wife also gave evidence to the effect that the Accused could never have gone to Gikomero and confirmed the daily patrols of the Accused and others.
20. The whole story of intensive patrols and the reasons for them was not convincing. They could not patrol against armed soldiers and armed Interahamwe with sticks. It is significant that Witness ALR said he did not tell his neighbours about the Interahamwe that invaded him an hour after the soldiers. The intensive group patrols during which they all rested at the same time without taking turns are improbable, and were meant to buttress the Accused's false alibi.
Impossibility of moving from Kigali to Gikomero
21. The fact that Defence Witness RGB panicked and deserted his post as bourgmestre of Mbogo commune on 9 April 1994, when he heard firing in which soldiers of the Rwandan armed forces destroyed an RPF vehicle, but went back to Mbogo on 24 April 1994 to find that it was still in Government hands shows movement was still possible. Witness RGB did not disclose that he went back to Mbogo in his evidence-in-chief. It was in cross-examination that he disclosed the fact that the army transported him back to Mbogo, and roads were open to unimpeded military transport. Witness RGB was to remain with family in Musasa commune in Kigali préfecture until he went into exile in July 1994. Yet, Witness RGB gave evidence that roads to Gikomero were closed and it was impossible to get there. The Chamber could not believe RGB, as he was not a truthful witness in other respects as well.
22. For reasons given by the majority it was not impossible to move from Kigali to Gikomero, a distance of not more than 20 Kilometres. The RPF had been in Kigali in the CND area even before the resumption of the fighting. The Defence supported impossibility through the evidence of junior front line soldiers. This evidence was brought to prove all roads were closed as soon as fighting resumed. The risk that was there after the resumption of the fighting was exaggerated. Even the evidence of Witness RKF, who held the rank of Major, and who was a legal officer whose other duties included working for the integration of the Rwandan armed forces with RPF in terms of the Arusha Accords, and some intelligence gathering - was not satisfactory. He claimed the Rwandan army had a demobilization mentality. If that is the case it could not in my view provide intelligence competently. In any event, according to Witness GEK the Accused was accompanied by a soldier when he went to Gikomero on 12 April 1994 – a limited precaution against danger. There was all over Kigali and Kigali Rural a danger that a stray bullet or an infiltrator could harm a person or a vehicle, but movement was still possible on the roads, side roads and footpaths.
Massacre at Gishaka Catholic Parish
23. I agree with the majority Judgment that the Accused could not be liable for events at the Gishaka Catholic parish on the evidence before the Chamber. Evidence that linked the Accused with events there was unsatisfactory. It is clear that the weight of evidence brought both by the Defence, especially through Defence Witness PC, and the Prosecution, show that refugees were taken out of the church to be killed. No grenades were thrown into the church as Prosecution Witness GKL testified. In summary, the allegation that the Accused was at Gishaka was not backed by concrete or satisfactory evidence.
Weapons distribution at Gikomero
24. As the Judgment of the Chamber shows, the only direct evidence that the Accused distributed weapons at Gikomero is that of Prosecution Witness GEK. Evidence of a single witness must be checked with care. The Chamber has to be alive to the fact that it stands alone and cannot be checked against some other evidence. The evidence of witnesses GEB and GAC, which should have corroborated the evidence of Witness GEK, was found unsatisfactory, unreliable and containing inherent improbabilities.
25. In the Accused's favour is the strong evidence of Witness GET who told the Chamber that the Accused was a good man. Witness GET testified that the Accused was an intellectual of such integrity that the crimes he is charged with do not correspond to the Accused's character as he knew it. When GET was bourgmestre after the genocide he got persistent reports about the Accused's participation, which persisted until they were followed up. Among Witness GET's informants was Prosecution Witness GEK.
26. Another hearsay that puts the Accused among those who were worried about the massacre of the Tutsi is Witness GKI's testimony that her brother was told that the Tutsi wife of the bourgmestre of Gikomero had met the Accused on 30 March 1994. The report stated that the Accused had warned the wife of the bourgmestre to flee because the Tutsi were going to be killed.
27. Prosecution Witness GEK, a Tutsi woman, was married to a close relative of the Accused. The Accused's sister was married to a close neighbour of Witness GEK. Witness GEK testified that between 5 April 1994 and 6 April 1994 the Accused had been at her home for short time. The Accused was on the way to see his brother-in-law. Witness GEK told the Chamber that she had met the Accused about four times.
28. Later on in the trial, the Accused admitted under cross-examination that he knew Witness GEK and her husband. But the Accused said he does not remember meeting or speaking to Witness GEK. The Accused's reaction when Witness GEK gave evidence (through questions put by his counsel) had been that Witness GEK was an impostor, and that she was not who she claimed to be. Thus details of her evidence were not directly challenged by the Defence – save showing that the Accused could not have been there. It came as a surprise to the Chamber when the Accused acknowledged her in his testimony.
29. In her evidence-in-chief, Witness GEK stated that the Accused came to her house alone, driving a white pickup between 6 April 1994 and 10 April 1994. Her husband told her to go into the adjacent room, in which she listened to their conversation. They were four men with the Accused in the room. The Accused complained that killings had not begun in the area. Those who were supposed to help were not doing so because they had married Tutsi women. The Accused said he would bring equipment to enable them to start. If their women were in the way they should eliminate them. This conversation lasted 30 minutes.
30. When Witness GEK went outside she saw firearms, grenades and machetes in the vehicle the Accused arrived in. Inside the house the Accused had distributed firearms and grenades. Her husband received four grenades from the Accused. The Accused went next door to Ngarambe's house, where he unloaded the weapons. The Accused said they should distribute them. The Accused said that he would come back to assist.
31. Between 10 April 1994 and 14 April 1994, the Accused came back, he went to Karekizi's house, and he was in a white van with a soldier and a driver. A blue Diahatsu carrying between 30 and 50 people – all armed with guns and machetes followed him. From Karekizi's house, the Accused drove off in the direction of Gikomero Primary School. Witness GEK heard gunshots for 20 to 40 minutes. She saw children fleeing towards her – some of them wounded. Later that day when Interahamwe from Rubungo came for them, Witness GEK and others fled to Kibobo cellule.
32. After the Prosecution had called 25 more witnesses and after the Defence had called eight witnesses, Witness GEK was recalled by the Defence for further cross-examination. It was suggested to Witness GEK that between 9 April 1994 and 14 April 1994 she was not at her home. Witness GEK did not agree with that suggestion. She said that she went to Kibobo the day after the killing, and that they went with their husbands and came back the same day. Kibobo is in their secteur. Witness GEK denied the allegation by the Defence that she stayed at Eustache Kayumba's house from 9 April 1994 to 13 April 1994. At that time, Witness GEK had only one child. Cross-examination when Witness GEK had been recalled further revealed she had been sentenced to death for an act with her husband for events that occurred several months after giving evidence before the Chamber.
33. Witness GEK was never asked about the second child that the Defence alleged had been born at Kibobo on the day of the Gikomero massacre. Witnesses GPB, PCE, EM and Xaviera Mukaminani were later called by the Defence to state that Witness GEK could not have been at her house because on 12 April 1994, the day of the massacre, or 13 April 1994, and according to the Defence she was in Kibobo giving birth to her second child. The Defence challenged the accuracy of Prosecution Exhibit 49, a document originally brought by the Defence, in which Witness GEK had registered the child as having been born on 13 September 1994, five months later. What was unfair and strange was that the alleged issue of a second child born in Kibobo on 13 April 1994 had not been raised with Witness GEK even after her recall.
34. The only witness who identified the Accused from undisputed knowledge of him was Prosecution Witness GEK. The Accused's attack on the evidence of Witness GEK was not eventually that she does not know him, but rather that Witness GEK is not telling the truth when she says the Accused was in Gikomero after the shooting down of the President Habyarimana's Plane, that he distributed weapons, and that on 12 April 1994, the day of the massacre, the Accused led armed men toward the Gikomero Parish Primary School.
35. The Chamber was unanimous in not accepting the evidence of Witness GAB that between 9 April 1994 and 11 April 1994 he saw the Accused distributing weapons at the football field in the presence of the bourgmestre, the conseiller, the accountant and the police brigadier of the commune. This was despite the fact that Witness GAB claimed he knew the Accused. Witness GAB was a young Tutsi man and was known as such by his playmates. He had earlier seen the Accused at a political rally of the MRND in Kayanga secteur of the Gikomero commune. Witness GAB testified that the Accused at that meeting said: "Let the Tutsis not bother you because their fate is being considered by the appropriate authorities." A solution had been found in the not too distant future. In that meeting a person who was not Hutu could not have been invited to that meeting at which the Accused spoke as a guest of honour. A Tutsi would be in danger of being killed.
36. The Chamber for similar reasons had found the evidence of Witness GAC unbelievable because he claimed weapons were distributed by the Accused in his presence at Damien's bar although the people in the vicinity knew he was a Tutsi. Witnesses GET and GAD gave hearsay evidence about the Accused's weapon distribution, which the Chamber could not accept.
37. The result of the rejection of the evidence on weapon distribution of Witnesses GAB, GAC and hearsay from GET and GAD was that the only evidence which the Chamber could work with was that of Witness GEK alone. The evidence of Witness GEK on what she saw and heard at her house and the weapons distribution was believed. Whilst she could see what was happening at Karikezi's House, it was not clear how she heard what was being said. Since the Defence was claming Witness GEK was not who she claimed she was, she was not pressed to clarify this issue.
38. The fact that Witness GEK later committed a crime which led to a sentence of death was not ignored in determining her credibility as a witness before the Chamber. The event though irrelevant was considered only in so far as it might affect her reliability as a witness. Furthermore, the Accused's evidence given several months before that crime remained unchanged. The Chamber was alive to the danger of the evidence of a single witness on the issue of weapon distribution. Consequently it scrutinized it with great care.
39. The baseless attack on Witness GEK's identity, and the attempt by the Defence to remove her from her home and put her at Kibobo, was considered by the Chamber, but her evidence was not shaken. In an attempt to prove that she was known by her full name, the Defence brought evidence in the form of a document certifying that her second child was born during September 1994. Yet, three witnesses were brought by the Defence to prove that her second child was born on 12 April 1994, which was the day of the Gikomero Church massacre. This allegation concerning the birth of the second child was not put to GEK to comment upon. Witness GEK was not shaken in cross-examination, her evidence was found credible and without any real demerits.
Presence of the Accused in Gikomero on 12 April 1994
40. Since the Accused claimed that between 7 April 1994 and 17 April 1994, he had been at his residence at Kacyiru, the Prosecution tried to demonstrate others saw that the Accused in the Gikomero area on or before 12 April 1994. The evidence of Witness GAD that on 9 April 1994 he briefly saw the Accused in a chauffer driven Peugeot 604, sitting in a place of honour after a visit to his parents, was suspect because Witness GAD claimed the Accused normally came in a Peugeot 504 and sat in the front. This evidence was not satisfactory. The Witness claimed to know the Accused and his sisters, but he could not name them. Also, his evidence was largely hearsay.
41. Although the Chamber by a majority was satisfied by the evidence of Witness GEB, I was not. Witness GEB's opportunities of observation of the man he saw as being the Accused were poor, and brief. I was not satisfied that his evidence that he knows the Accused was real and credible. Witness GEB claims the Accused was from a neighbouring secteur and that they were in fact neighbours. He said that he had known the Accused for three years and proceeded to identify him in the dock. The Witness claimed to have seen the Accused when he came to introduce his wife to the Accused's family. However, the Chamber heard evidence that this incident occurred in 1983, which was 11 years before 1994.
42. Witness GEB claimed to have seen a pickup vehicle carrying over twenty people in the back, and as it passed him he looked back and saw the Accused sitting between two people. Those twenty people, who were singing, were wearing Kitenge uniforms (normally worn by Interahamwe), and some were in military uniforms. They were singing Interahamwe songs, and they were armed- he saw Kalashnikov firearms. When Witness GEB saw this vehicle, it was one and a half kilometres from Gikomero. Thirty minutes later, he heard gun reports.
43. Witness GEB was specifically asked if the opening of the Kayanga Health Centre was the day the Accused had come to introduce his wife to the family – the Witness evaded the question. Pressed on when the Kayanga Health Centre was opened, the Witness did not know. All he could say was that, that was the last time he had seen the Accused. The Accused had come to introduce his wife to the family in 1983. In cross-examination it was put to him that in his prior statement to the Prosecution investigators, had said Asio told him that Kamuhanda was with the Interahamwe. Witness GEB gave no satisfactory answer. I do not believe this Witness. The majority in believing Witness GEB have overlooked the fact that the evidence of this witness conflicts with that of Witness GEK. The testimonies could only be reconciled had a longer time elapsed between the time Witness GEB saw the Accused and the time Witness GEK saw the Accused with a policeman just before he led the attackers to Gikomero Parish compound.
44. I am unable to join with the majority in believing that Prosecution Witness GAF was telling the truth when he said he saw the Accused at the Gikomero massacre, and that he gave the signal for the killings to start by saying "mukore" which means "work". I am unable to believe this witness because he said that even before the vehicles stopped, Bucundura (the assistant of the Pastor) was shot at. In my view, once the firing began there would be pandemonium and people could not have stopped for the Accused to get down from the vehicle and tell the people in the first three vehicles to "mukore" (work), that is to begin the killing. Witness GAF, when asked if he saw the vehicles clearly, replied that "In actual fact, I did not come that close to the vehicles because I went away, say I was about 15 to 20 meters from the vehicles and but since there were lined up, there were those which were closer to me say about 10 metres away." It was after Bucundura had fallen to the ground that the Accused alighted from one of vehicles with the markings UN. After he had made a dock identification of the Accused, the Witness was asked to clarify what happened and said: "They shot at Bucundura before the vehicles stopped. They were still in motion when they passed where I was."
45. Asked if the people he came with obeyed the Accused's orders, Witness GAF contradicted himself and said: "No, but they had already agreed with the people he came with about what was to be done. He made that gesture, that was to incite people that were there." When the Accused made the gesture, the killings started almost immediately. In other words, the Accused made a gesture and the killings began. He did not give an order. When what Witness GAF had said was summarized to him to confirm, he said that it was the Accused who had brought the weapons to give to the people. Witness GAF had to admit that he was merely venturing an opinion. Later Witness GAF said for no apparent reason "these were policemen of Gikomero commune. They were there with us because we sought refuge with them. It was when Kamuhanda arrived that he ordered those to be killed be killed."
46. Witness GAF is the only witness who says the first vehicle, a Pajero, left without its passengers alighting. The Accused left immediately after raising his arms and saying "mukore" – he spent only two minutes there, and then left for somewhere else. Asked specifically if the Accused was there when the killings started, Witness GAF said no. Amongst other unrelated things, Witness GAF said that the killings started as soon as he pronounced the word. The vehicle that was left behind, loaded meat from a cow that had been killed. When asked by the Prosecutor during examination-in-chief if the Accused was still there when the cow was killed and the meat loaded, Witness GAF responded: "Well, I had told you as soon as he uttered those words, he went back into to the vehicle and left at the same time as the Pajero and the Hilux pickup." Witness GAF claims to have known the Accused as a prominent MRND politician, which every other witness agrees was false. Another fact just as false was that the Accused was well known in the area.
47. All indications make it suspect that Witness GAF was at Gikomero Parish on 12 April 1994 at the time of the killings. According to his account, he only got to the parish between 2:00pm and 3:00pm. He says that 20 to 30 minutes later, the vehicles of the killers arrived. If he was in fact there and that near the vehicles, he would, like other witnesses, have stated that the Accused got down from the vehicle, talked to Pastor Nkuranga, and then as he was leaving there would have been a gun report and Bucundura would have fallen. His account that Bucundura was shot and fell even before the vehicles stopped and the Accused alighted from the vehicle and talked to Pastor Nkuranga is inconsistent with the evidence of the Prosecution as a whole. The view I have is that people would have scattered even before the vehicles stopped had the shooting commenced when Witness GAF claims it did. Although it impressed the majority, for me the evidence of Witness GAF was untrue.
48. I accept that Witness GES, a public servant, must have known the Accused, who was a leading public servant at that time, and that he could have identified the Accused at Gikomero Protestant Parish. Witness GES's identification of the Accused is not of a high quality because he was 50 meters away.
49. Witness GAA's evidence of identification of the Accused at Gikomero Protestant Parish was somewhat hesitant because when he saw the Accused in the dock, he said: "I suppose he is that one" – later he said: "I have no doubt that is him". He was being honest because the Accused had been approximately 100 metres from him when he saw him at the Parish. Witness GAA lived 500 meters from the home of the Accused's sister. Witness GAA had seen the Accused on two occasions. The first occasion when the Accused had brought gifts on the birth of his sister's first child. The second occasion was at the funeral of the aforementioned sister of the Accused who later died.
50. I was impressed with the evidence of Witness GAA because he did not artificially enhance the value of his identification of the Accused. He testified that he saw the Accused come out of the vehicle and throw his hands in the air. At that time, Pastor Nkuranga had come out of his house with Bucundura. People who were near him, were saying, "get to work, Kamuhanda is here now". There was a gun report and Bucundura fell, three other people were also shot. Pastor Nkuranga was shouting "I am Pastor Nkuranga, do not shoot at me". People ran in all directions. Some fled, some were killed. The poor quality identification of the Accused by Witness GAA was made stronger by the fact that he heard assailants shouting "get to work, Kamuhanda is here now" when the man he identified as the Accused arrived in the vehicle.
51. The Chamber was shown a photo of the Accused that was taken at the sister's funeral. In it the Accused did not look exactly the same as he looked in court. The Accused has considerably aged. In concluding his evidence-in-chief about the Accused, Witness GAA said that he had some doubt about identifying Kamuhanda when giving evidence because it had been a long time since he last saw him, but he had no doubt in identifying him when he arrived in the vehicle at the time of the massacre.
52. I noted the many witnesses (of different degrees of credibility) were saying they heard from others that Kamuhanda had come – their safety is threatened (or words to that effect). Witnesses such as GEE, GEA, GEV, and GEG are in my view credible when they say they did not know the Accused, but that they heard others exclaiming that Kamuhanda – the man who went to speak to Pastor Nkuranga - had come, and they were in danger. Regarding what some of the people shouted, I accept the evidence of Witness GEG as being corroborated by the others – despite Witness GEG's mistake that the Accused had a gun. As that man [the Accused] was going to his vehicle, witnesses agree that Bucundura (or an old man) was shot, and killings began. There are however witnesses such as GEP, GEC and GEI who were in the classrooms, but who claim to have seen or heard much more than their opportunities of seeing and hearing enabled them. Such witnesses I do not find credible. The behaviour of Pastor Nkuranga was interpreted as suspect before the killing – some witnesses claim or infer that he was in league with killers because he stopped them from fleeing when refugees from Jurwe told them an attack was imminent. The collective weight of this evidence does not prove this. In my view Pastor Nkuranga did what any reasonable person who believed in the inviolability of churches as sanctuaries should have done.
53. The evidence of Witness GAG, whose presence at Gikomero Protestant Parish is admitted both by the Defence and the Prosecution, is to me credible although Pastor Nkuranga's wife and son found her ungrateful and untruthful in the way she claimed she lost property from the late Pastor Nkuranga. Witness GAG says that Pastor Nkuranga had looked after the refugees when they were only around fifty in number, however when they flocked to the parish in larger numbers his problems increased and his attitude changed. When on 12 April 1994 rumours of an impending attack became rife, Pastor Nkuranga called the refugees together and assured them that they were safe. He told the local people who were selling goods to the refugees to leave because they were spreading false rumours. It was at 2:00pm while the refugees were standing round the Pastor that a vehicle came and a man he did not know went towards Pastor Nkuranga. The Pastor went to meet him saying "I told you that you had nothing to fear, that your safety would be guaranteed." Bucundura remained with Witness GAG and the others. According to Witness GAG, the Interahamwe surrounded them and she thought they were going to protect them. As the man Pastor Nkuranga had gone to talk to walked back to one of the vehicles, someone shot Bucundura. There followed volleys of firing from guns. Grenades were also thrown. All Pastor Nkuranga could say was: "I am Pastor Nkuranga." According to Witness GAG, some of the refugees had said "there is Kamuhanda" when the Accused went to the Pastor.
54. Witness GAG had seen people in military uniform, Kitenge clothing, and others wearing banana leaves during the attack. Some had guns, grenades, machetes, and clubs. This account is in many respects similar to that of GAA who in my view is a credible Witness.
55. According to Witness GAG, at dawn Pastor Nkuranga came with a policeman called Nkarambe and Rutayiseri and she was taken out of the house. It was said that the Accused said all Tutsi including children were to be killed. Pastor Nkuranga said the God of the Tutsi had abandoned them. Nkarambe and Rutayisire took her to the bush, hit her on the head and left her for dead. The Witness refused to attempt a dock identification of the Accused on the ground that she saw him only once, and consequently does not believe that she could recognize the Accused. I believe the evidence of Witness GAG, her evidence and demeanour was impressive. She was telling the truth about what she experienced, saw and heard.
56. Although Pastor Nkuranga died before he could give evidence, he left behind an affidavit in which he avoided mentioning the presence of the Accused at Gikomero and his conversation with him. The Chamber concludes that he withheld this evidence deliberately. In my view although he was not involved in the genocide and genuinely did what he could for the refugees – he chose to protect the Accused and others for reasons that are not clear. Pastor Nkuranga's family gave evidence solely to clear his name, but not to tell the truth.
57. In short I differ from the majority who have accepted from witness testimony that, at the location of the killings, the Accused was actually heard giving an order for the killing to begin. Firstly, I disbelieve the entire evidence of Witness GAF. Consequently in my view there is no direct credible evidence that the Accused ordered the killing of the Tutsis by saying "mukore" (work). Witness GAA, who in my view is a credible witness, only saw the Accused raise his hands at the time the killing commenced. As for the witnesses who were in classrooms, even if the Accused had actually said the word "mukore", would not have been able to hear it in that noisy environment. Thus, on the question of whether or not the Accused gave a verbal order when he arrived at the Parish compound, I find that there is no credible evidence that he did.
58. I do however accept the evidence of Witness GAA, who stated that when their assailants saw the Accused, the assailants said, "Let us go to work, Kamuhanda has come". From this evidence, there is an irresistible inference to be drawn that the Accused had sometime earlier said to the attackers (before they reached the Parish) that Tutsis should be killed. Consequently, because this must have come to be known, it is not surprising that it was known amongst those Tutsis who knew him, that his presence at Gikomero meant death to the Tutsis.
59. The cumulative effect of the circumstantial evidence is that, as Witness GEK stated, the Accused distributed weapons between 6 April 1994 and 10 April 1994. On the day of the massacre at the Gikomero Parish, Witness GEK saw the Accused go towards the Parish with a group of armed people. Shortly thereafter there were gun reports and explosions from the direction of the Parish. A man identified as the Accused from a distance by Witnesses GAA and GEL was seen going to Pastor Nkuranga before the killing began. Witness GAA heard some of the attackers saying they should work because the Accused had arrived. Some of the refugees (according to Witnesses GEK, GEA, GEG and GEV) said that now that the Accused had arrived their safety was threatened.
60. I agree with the majority that the Accused led an armed group to commit the crimes of Genocide and Extermination as a Crime Against Humanity against the Tutsi people who were at Gikomero Protestant Parish. In that respect the verdict of the Chamber is unanimous.
Arusha, 22 January 2004
Winston C. M. Maqutu
(Seal of the Tribunal)


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stretch, said Colby Harris, who said he makes $8.90 per hour and takes home less than $20,000 per year working in Walmart's produce department in Lancaster, Texas.
Harris, a 22-year-old smoker, was set to see his cost per paycheck rise to $29.60 from $25.40. He says he has decided not to sign up for coverage. Given his low income, as Harris foregoes coverage any major medical bills could potentially fall to taxpayers through the government's Medicaid program.
More than half of Wal-Mart's U.S. employees sign up for its healthcare plans, which cover 1.1 million people, including dependents. Store workers across the country are offered the same plans as executives back at Wal-Mart's headquarters in Bentonville, Arkansas.
Over the past few years we've all seen the cost of health care continue to rise nationwide, and 2013 is no different, Wal-Mart said in a statement. As a result, we are adjusting rates for some of our health care plan choices. We are doing our best to keep health care costs as low as possible for our associates.
Barbara Andridge, who works at the Walmart in Placerville, California, decided to drop out of a Wal-Mart plan provided for the retailer by a health management organization - when she found out that the cost was set to nearly double to $60 a month. The Wal-Mart HMO plans can be more expensive than Wal-Mart's own.
Sixty dollars isn't a lot to some people but when I have to think about buying winter clothes for my kids or sending my daughter to college I have to think of what is best for my children, she said. Hopefully I'm making the right decision.
Andridge, who makes $12.05 an hour and said her husband was laid off this year, knows that she would have had to pay the same $60 monthly premium no matter how many hours she worked.
Living paycheck to paycheck, I made the decision to swallow my pride and go and get county health, she said in reference to Medi-Cal, California's Medicaid health care program.
Wal-Mart has been touting its efforts to improve healthcare for its employees, including its October announcement that it would cover all costs, including travel, for costly, complicated heart and spine surgeries at the six centers.
Nearly two-thirds of Wal-Mart employees sign up to cover only themselves. Rates covering individuals will rise $2 to $11 per paycheck, or


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It does come across as a bit more clean and modern though I quite like it. Obviously it's not what you want.
I think in the latter attachment, the parchment texture is too dominant so the map isn't clear. I'm not sure if you want that or not. When I add texture to maps I usually do it via a pattern/texture on an upper layer set to overlay. And I use a large soft brush to add subtle colour variation to the background. You could try something like that perhaps.
You could also try a more tan/brown colour scheme. And a more handwritey/brush type font but I assume arial temporary until you find one you prefer.
On a side note, the coloured national boundries where they meet the edge of the canvas, I assume it's because you used a stroke. It's worth manually erasing that (I get that which is why I do all my strokes on their own layer).
If you do decide to add roads, at that scale I'd just add the important ones. I wouldn't pull out hair though, I hear it is quite painful.


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By Phillip Whitten
Minneapolis, MN – Seventy-five year-old Lois Nochman and 85-year-old Jean Durston led the way with two world Masters records apiece on the fourth day of competition at the US Masters Swimming Long Course National Championships, being held at the University of Minnesota Natatorium in Minneapolis. Fifteen world and 17 US records were set on Day Four of the five day aquatic extravaganza, bringing the meet total to an amazing 62 world and 86 national records.
The meet concludes tomorrow with the 1500m freestyle.
Nochman (Michigan Masters) completed a perfect six-for-six sweep–five of them in world record time–as she won the 200 IM and the 200 fly for women 75-79. In the medley, the former teacher clocked 4:08.03, almost five seconds better than the 1996 WR set by Canada's Catherine Kerr.
She breezed through the four laps butterfly, touching in 4:19.81, some 35 seconds faster than the 4:54.79 record established by Maxine Merlino 11 years ago.
Durston (Walnut Creek) set records in the same two grueling events for women 85-89. In the medley she swam 5:20.81, breaking Merlino's 1997 record of 5:27.56. In the fly she finished in 5:49.75, 46 seconds faster than Merlino's 6:35.26 set just last year.
Drury Gallagher (Empire) finished the Nationals with five WRs for men 60-64, his final win coming today in the 200 IM where his 2:41.73 bettered the 2:43.81 set earlier this year by New Zealand's Barry Young.
Jack Groselle (OHIO) finished his sweep of the men's 45-49 freestyle sprints when he swam the 50 in 24.94, erasing the 25.18 South Africa's Terry Downes established five years ago. Tracie Moll set her third WR of the competition when she won the women's 35-39 50 free in 26.66, nine-hundredths faster than the existing record she set a year ago. The 36-year-old Goldcoast Masters swimmer had hoped to swim 26.59, qualifying her to compete at next year's Olympic Trials.
Gail Roper (Rohnert Park) notched another women's 70-74 WR when she won the 50 free in 35.28. The old record, 36.13, was set by Hall-of-Famer Clara Walker in 1996.
Suzanne Heim Bowen (TERA), who earlier had set WRs in the 200, 400 and 800 free, demonstrated her versatility when she took down Laura Val's global mark in the 200 fly of 2:32.59. Heim-Bowen's time was 2:32.14.
Tom Wolf (Plano Wildcats) made it a sweep of the men's 45-49 backstroke world records when he won the 100m dorsal event in 1:03.72, almost a full second under Great Britain's Eddie Riach's time from last year's World Championships.
Rich Burns (Tamalpais), who yesterday cracked the world mark for men 55-59 in the 200 back, added the 100m event to his collection with a time of 1:10.53. The old record, 1:11.39, was set by Burns last year.
1952 Olympic backstroke champion, Yoshi Oyakawa (Greater Ohio) lopped a second off his own WR in the men's 65-69 100m backstroke, stopping the clock in 1:16.78.
San Mateo Marlin Ray Taft won the men's 80-84 100m backstroke in 1:35.36, lowering the WR of 1:36.95 set last year by Japan's Goro Kobayashi.
Doris Steadman (Garden State), who earlier had set WRs for women 75-79 in the 50 and 200m backstroke, annexed the 100m event as well. Her time of 1:39.06 was more than seven seconds better than Bunny Cederlund's 1997 global standard.
Finally, the Illinois Masters women's 200+ freestyle relay team of Cynthia Stonesi, Catherine Quill, Irene David and Cynthia Jones clocked 2:08.35, lowering the record set by Los Altos in 1994 by 61-hundredths of a second.
Jim Sorsensen (Badger Dolphins) set an American record in the 200m individual medley for men 40-44. His 2:17.26 lowered Hess Yntema's 2:17.64 from 1995.
In the 100 back for men 85-89, Dave Malbrough (Florida) swam 2:04.83, half a second better than the old American record of 2:05.27 he set last year. Imagine that: 86 years old and still getting faster!


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Creeper! Scott Disick Spending Way Too Much Time With Khloe Kardashian
August 03, 2014 08:10 AM by Lisa Princ
Scott Disick The creeper is back, folks! Seriously, can this guy do anything that doesn't make him look like a creeper? Scott Disick and Kourtney Kardashian have been odds a lot lately, over Scott's constant drinking and getting too cozy with other gals, but does one of those include Kourtney's very own sister? Yep, rumor has it that Kourtney thinks Scott is spending too much time with Khloe Kardashian.
Like most Twitter and Facebook fans, we've always known that Scott Disick is nothing more than a creeper, who loves to brag about how rich he is, but how creepy can he possibly get? Well, for starters, he has been spending way too much with Khloe Kardashian instead of his own family. And yes, Kourtney has taken notice. "Everyone knows that Khloe and Scott are practically best friends, but Kourt is starting to get irritated by the amount of time they're spending together," one pal dished to Star magazine recently.
Remember that bath tub photo that Scott and Khloe shared? In case you don't, you can find the link below. Apparently, Kourtney Kardashian is not the least bit happy about it, and we can't say we blame her. Kourtney has enough to worry about without having to worry about her sister and her man getting too close for comfort. But rest assured, Kourtney is putting her foot down, according to pals. One insider explained: "The whole situation has irked Kourtney. Maybe it's the pregnancy hormones, but she's politely asked Khloe to back off and give them some room. Needless to say, it's causing no end of stress for the sisters."
Poor Kourtney. We hope Scott Disick knocks off his ridiculous antics soon.
What do you think of Scott Disick and Khloe Kardashian spending so much time together? Will he ever stop being a creeper? We know you have an opinion and we want to hear from you. Comment below to share your thoughts with us!
Khloe Kardashian And Scott Disick Enjoy A Bubble Bath
Kourtney Kardashian Gives Scott Disick And Ultimatum
Khloe Kardashian Secretly Pregnant With French Montana's Baby
Photo Credit: WENN
Topics: E! Reality TV Shows, Keeping Up With The Kardashians, Khloe Kardashian |
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America's oldest World War I veteran, Frank Woodruff Buckles, passed away last night in West Virginia. He was the last U.S. WWI veteran alive.
Earlier this month he turned 110. He was born on February 1, 1901, on a farm near Bethany, Missouri.
Buckles joined the army at 16, lying about his age to join the institution. When an Army recruiter asked for his birth certificate, Buckles stated that Missouri didn't keep birth records, according to the L.A. Times. He said the only record was in his family bible, and it worked.
During WWI, Buckles served as a member of the ambulance corps. His duties included removing bodies from the battlefield, a grisly task during the first European conflict. Buckles also survived three years in a Japanese POW camp as a civillian after the shipping freighter he was working on was captured during WWII, according to CNN.
Buckles became the last remaining US WWI veteran in 2008, after 108-year-old Harry Landis passed away.
Buckles will likely be buried at Arlington, as Military District of Washington has expressed it's support for him to buried there, according to CNN. "It has long been my father's wish to be buried in Arlington, in the same cemetery that holds his beloved General Pershing," Susannah Buckles Flanagan, Frank Buckles' daughter, wrote in a letter to U.S. Sen. Joe Manchin.
UPDATE: President Obama has released an official statement on the passing of Frank Buckles, which can be read in its entirety below.
From President Obama:
Michelle and I were inspired by the service and life story of former Army Corporal Frank W. Buckles, the last surviving American veteran of World War I and the oldest known World War I era veteran in the world, who passed away yesterday at the age of 110. A decorated soldier in the Great War, he also survived more than three years in Japanese prisoner of war camps during the Second World War.
Frank Buckles lived the American Century. Like so many veterans, he returned home, continued his education, began a career, and along with his late wife Audrey, raised their daughter Susannah. And just as Frank continued to serve America until his passing, as the Honorary Chairman of the World War I Memorial Foundation, our nation has a sacred obligation to always serve our veterans and their families as well as they've served us. We join Susannah and all those who knew and loved her father in celebrating a remarkable life that reminds us of the true meaning of patriotism and our obligations to each other as Americans.


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I have to say, I find the images soft and either grainy or noisy (depending on how you look at it, perhaps?) at 100%. Lots of chroma noise/speckles on the airplane wings, etc., extreme softness/fuzziness on items in the vender's stall, etc.
I do a lot of shooting with an FZ150, often at several hundred yards with full zoom, and these images are a bit disappointing by comparison, when you consider that the FZ1000 has a 4x larger sensor (in terms of area) and 20mp (vs. 12mp for the FZ150).
Coming at it from the other end, I also do a lot of shooting with a GH3 (MFT, 16mp) with a 100-300mm (again, often at long range and full zoom) and these images are quite a bit less crisp, and exhibit more grain/noise. I wouldn't expect equivalence, but I would think they would be closer.
The FZ1000 definitely has a great feature set, including very good zoom range and 4K video, but quite frankly I am having second thoughts due to the fact that IQ doesn't seem to live up to sensor specs.


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Lisa Vanderpump
Random Customer Slams "Horrible" Service at SUR — Lisa Vanderpump Responds!
In case you needed more proof that Real Housewives of Beverly Hills star Lisa Vanderpump is an amazing businesswoman, here it is. A SUR customer complained to Lisa on Twitter over the weekend that the restaurant's service was lacking, and Lisa was quick to fix things!
On April 27, a diner at SUR let Lisa know that she felt neglected by the restaurant's waitstaff. "At SUR right now and the service is horrible! #can'taffordbreadforthetable," the customer tweeted.
Lisa was not at SUR at the time, but she quickly checked in on the situation. "Well, I have spoken to them there.. there are 250 people in and no complaints, please speak to Peter," Lisa writes, referring to the SUR manager who often appears on Vanderpump Rules.
Sure enough, this did the trick. "Thank you Lisa, and he has come to check on us and his beautiful smile almost made up for it!" the customer added shortly thereafter. "You are a stand-up gal! I will let you know ahead of time when I am in town so I can buy you a cup of tea! Thank you Lisa." Lisa modestly responded with, "you are welcome...x x."
We love how involved Lisa is with her business and how concerned she is about her customers, even when she isn't on the premises. Well done, Lisa!
Are you surprised by how quickly Lisa took care of this situation?
Source: Lisa on Twitter


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Former golf pro and current Golf Channel analyst Brandel Chamblee apologized to Tiger Woods via Twitter on Tuesday for insinuating that the world's No. 1 golfer had cheated.
"Golf is a gentleman's game and I'm not proud of this debate. I want to apologize to Tiger for this incited discourse," Chamblee said on Twitter.
In a column Chamblee wrote for Golf.com, he gave Woods an "F" for his five-win season. He said Woods "was a little cavalier with the rules," citing four rules incidents Woods was involved in. In the column, Chamblee wrote of an incident in which he cheated in the fourth grade.
"When I was in the fourth grade, I cheated on a math test and when I got the paper back it had "100" written at the top and just below the grade, was this quote, 'Oh, what a tangled web we weave when first we practice to deceive!' It was an oft-quoted line from the epic poem "Marmion" by Sir Walter Scott, and my teacher's message was clear. Written once more beneath that quote was my grade of "100", but this time with a line drawn through it and beneath that an F.
"I never did ask my teacher how she knew I cheated and I certainly didn't protest the grade. I knew I had done the wrong thing and my teacher the right, but I never forgot the way I felt when I read that quote.
" … I remember when we only talked about Tiger's golf. I miss those days. He won five times and contended in majors and won the Vardon Trophy and ... how shall we say this ... was a little cavalier with the rules."
Chamblee then gave Woods a "100" but wrote a line through it and followed it with an "F."
Woods' agent, Mark Steinberg, told ESPN.com that he would "have to give some thought to legal action."
Chamblee did not respond to an e-mail or text message from USA Today Sports, nor did Steinberg.
Molinaro honored
Former Arizona State standout and 2012 Pac-12 Golfer of the Year Giulia Molinaro qualified for her LPGA Tour card after finishing second on the Symetra Tour and was awarded the Gaelle Truet Rookie of the Year award for her accomplishments in her first season as a pro.
Entering the final two events on the Symetra "Road to the LPGA" Tour, Molinaro was tied for 11th place in total season earnings.
She finished third at the Volvik Championship and tied for fourth at the Symetra Tour Championship to move into second place on the money list.
Ambiente course to open
The new Ambiente golf course at the JW Marriott Camelback Inn Resort & Spa in Scottsdale will be open for play Nov. 19.
Ambiente, which is Spanish for the word "environment," is designed with a detailed eco-friendly focus and is the first new golf-course-development project in the Phoenix-Scottsdale area in over five years.
The course features views of Mummy Mountain, Camelback, the McDowells and the Phoenix Mountain preserve.
The opening rate to play Ambiente will be $159. Information: 480-596-7050.


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Welcome to the intersection of South by Southwest.
It's a wood-grilled steak and a 2005 Luigi Bosca Malbec by candlelight in the Wine Room. It's Crab Meat Tostaditas and cocktails in deep sofas by an adobe fireplace under the stars. It's the islanders' hangout where the food honors Southern heritage and Chef/Owner Ben Berryhill's Texan cuisine. It's named for a prized local fish and everybody knows when supper's over, there's great live music for dancing in the bar that Imbibe magazine ordains one of the "Best Places in America to Have a Beer." Is this a great country, or what?


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Fixes are available
APAR status
Closed as program error.
Error description
Using WebSphere MQ queue managers on a host that is heavily loaded with other applications and with many memory demands. Sometimes the node becomes unresponsive and a monitor tool forces the reboot of the host. Most of the time the queue managers are not affected and they restart fine after the reboot. But one time, a queue manager failed to start and generated the following FDC: | Probe Id :- AO000001 | Component :- apiStartup | Major Errorcode :- xecF_E_UNEXPECTED_RC | Minor Errorcode :- arcE_OBJECT_DAMAGED Notice in the FDC that the function that detected the error is one that loads the "Object Catalogue": } aocLoadCatalogue rc=MQRC_OBJECT_DAMAGED { xcsFFST The Object Catalogue became truncated during this forced reboot. The startup of the queue manager is coded to automatically recover (without reporting an FDC) from an object catalogue in such a state, but only if the queue manager has "media recovery", that is, only if it is using linear logging.
Local fix
Problem summary
**************************************************************** USERS AFFECTED: Users may be impacted by this problem if the queue manager ends abnormally, i.e. other than via endmqm. The damaged object catalogue may be unrecoverable for circular logging queue managers. Platforms affected: MultiPlatform **************************************************************** PROBLEM SUMMARY: An update to a queue manager's object catalogue can lead to an inconsistent state if it coincides with an abnormal termination of the queue manager process performing the update.
Problem conclusion
An environment variable, AMQ_FORCE_OBJ_CAT is now provided. That should be set prior to issuing strmqm, and will ensure that all object catalogue updates are forced. Note that there may well be performance implications to use of that environment variable particularly for systems which frequently create/destroy dynamic queues and/or have slow disk systems. --------------------------------------------------------------- The fix is targeted for delivery in the following: v7.0 Platform Fix Pack 184.108.40.206 -------- -------------------- Windows 184.108.40.206 AIX 220.127.116.11 HP-UX (PA-RISC) 188.8.131.52 HP-UX (Itanium) 18.104.22.168 Solaris (SPARC) 22.214.171.124 Solaris (x86-64) 184.108.40.206 iSeries 126.96.36.199 Linux (x86) 188.8.131.52 Linux (x86-64) 18.104.22.168 Linux (zSeries) 184.108.40.206 Linux (Power) 184.108.40.206 v7.1 Platform Fix Pack 22.214.171.124 -------- -------------------- Windows 220.127.116.11 AIX 184.108.40.206 HP-UX (Itanium) 188.8.131.52 Solaris (SPARC) 18.104.22.168 Solaris (x86-64) 126.96.36.199 iSeries 18.104.22.168 Linux (x86) 188.8.131.52 Linux (x86-64) 126.96.36.199 Linux (zSeries) 184.108.40.206 Linux (Power) 22.214.171.124 Version v7.5 -------- -------------------- Fix available in: 126.96.36.199 The latest available maintenance can be obtained from 'WebSphere MQ Recommended Fixes' http://www-1.ibm.com/support/docview.wss?rs=171&uid=swg27006037 If the maintenance level is not yet available information on its planned availability can be found in 'WebSphere MQ Planned Maintenance Release Dates' http://www-1.ibm.com/support/docview.wss?rs=171&uid=swg27006309 ---------------------------------------------------------------
Temporary fix
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APAR is sysrouted FROM one or more of the following:
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