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Europe: An Intermediate Forecast Analysis
The following is a guest post by a very bright individual whom I've had the pleasure of building with on several occasions, Mr. Mordechai Grun. This is what he's had to say on the topic of Europe, with ample commentary from me along the way.
Human behavior predications usually follow the 'least resistance, least painful, and self serving' path in spite of its being harmful in the long run. This disposition is even more truly said of politicians and bureaucrats. "Will is the origin of all thought." Flowing from such will we have the intellectual analysis and arguments to justify those behaviors. We will therefore look at Europe through this lens and see where it takes us.
The next major crisis in Europe is lurking just beyond the bend.
Reggie's note: the last crisis has actually never left, so this is not the next one, just a continuation of the same. I called this exactly three years ago, in explicit detail (The Coming Pan-European Sovereign Debt Crisis – introduces the crisis and identified it as a pan-European problem, not a localized one)
It will take form as either the comeback of Bond vigilantes or as a political calamity, where some peripheral country finally votes for a party that is seriously proposing to forsake the Euro.
Reggie's Note: The EU Has Rescued Greece From the Bond Vigilantes,,, April Fools!!!
Or… As I Warned Earlier, Latvian Government Collapses Exacerbating Financial Crisis
Some smart politician will certainly test the ECB's resolve and do away with austerity and call their bluff. The consensus of the population can only be subjected to so much strain before it turns on itself and they vote for radical (read: costly) change. While the case can be made that the government bond-funding crisis has subdued, the economic pain of the general public has not.
Reggie's note: Financial Contagion vs. Economic Contagion: Does the Market Underestimate the Effects of the Latter?
The likeliest scenario is that both of these crises will play out at the same time, thus creating a Lehman-type crisis.
Faced with this crisis, only two options will present themselves:
- Massive sovereign debt defaults, bank runs and bankruptcies as many banks' liabilities are larger than the GDP of the countries that are guaranteeing them – and a potentially resulting currency crisis
Reggie's note: Ovebanked, Underfunded, and Overly Optimistic: The New Face of Sovereign Europe
Sovereign Risk Alpha: The Banks Are Bigger Than Many of the Sovereigns
- A truly massive QE Program that not only bails out the banks and the existing governments debt and deficit, but also sponsors an enormous stimulus program for anything that can be thought of, e.g. infrastructure, education, green energy, etc.
Following scenario B, the challenge will be this: Why would the Germans and Fins want to debase their currency to send their monies elsewhere? The answer will be a mix of 'candy and stick', so to speak. The QE stimulus program will be structured upon some European formula – per capita or otherwise – that sends significant amounts of newly printed money to them too, while, in the alternative, if the Euro disintegrates, Germany will have to recapitalize the Bundasbank and resort to either massive stimuli or quantitative easing so to cheapen their currency and rescue their own economy. Those countries that leave the Euro will, nevertheless, default on any external bondholders, as they are restructured and recapitalized in the new currency, their banks will default as well. Why wouldn't Germany be gracious and monetarily benevolent with funds they would lose either way? This would blend in with the fact that even the new Mark will be too expensive for their export-driven economy, and they would be pressed to cheapen it. They also won't have destination countries to export to in Europe, as each country will turn to hyper-protectionism, safeguarding the jobs they have from disappearing in an effort to stabilize their home currency in order to avoid hyper inflation (Argentina, anyone?).
Reggie's Note: A Comparison of Our Greek Bond Restructuring Analysis to that of Argentina - Now, referencing the bond price charts below as well as the spreadsheet data containing sovereign debt restructuring in Argentina, we get... Price of the bond that went under restructuring and was exchanged for the Par bond in 2005
Price of the bond that went under restructuring and was exchanged for the Discount bond
This turmoil will, obviously, generate widespread economic malaise as well. As a politician faced with this decision the answer is obvious. I can already picture the smiling politicians announcing their courageous decisions and courses of action, claiming that they have saved the Euro from certain demise while helping the people and creating new projects and job opportunities that will launch Europe into the future. It is possible that they will punish the instigator (Greece, presumably) and cut them out of the money party aka Lehman.
Is this feasible for Europe? I believe the answer is yes, as one significant minutia is overlooked. The Euro is way too high, even for Germany. This will become ever clearer as time clambers on. Europe can survive – even thrive – at 0.65 Euro to the dollar. I recall this precise scenario in Canada during the early 90s. The resulting inflation at the consumer level was much milder than expected, as taxes, services, rents, salaries and many consumer goods and products (including cars) are priced in the local currency. Of course, energy costs would rise. In Europe, though, lowering the high taxes on fuel can mitigate this. On the positive side, manufacturing and tourism in Canada flourished, generating a strong trade surplus (this was prior to the commodity boom). Europe can probably afford 6-8 trillion in QE over a 3-year period without hyperinflation, especially as this will be taking place while many other major currencies are orchestrating their own QE. If, as they do this, the peripherals restructure their own economies and bring down or solve their structural or primary deficits, the Euro may actually increase eventually, as they will have significantly lowered their debt to GDP ratios and positioned themselves on a financially sustainable path.
Reggie's note: This is code language for DEFAULT! The defaults will codify, quantify and solidify the capital destruction that we all know is there in the first place. I don't think the ride will be quite that easy. Greece has defaulted (exactly as I anticipated and clearly called) and is about to default again, and it's still f#@ked. For more on this, reference This Time Is Different As Icarus Blows Up & Burns The Birds Along The Way - Greece Is About To Default AGAIN! ... and then there's the contagion effect! Subscribers, see
All others, reference:
- Financial Contagion vs. Economic Contagion: Does the Market Underestimate the Effects of the Latter?
- The Depression is Already Here for Some Members of Europe, and It Just Might Be Contagious!
- Introducing The BoomBustBlog Sovereign Contagion Model: Thus far, it has been right on the money for 5 months straight!
- With Europe's First Real Test of Contagion Quarrantine Failing, BoomBustBloggers Should Doubt the Existence of a Vaccination
The sad reality, though, is that they will promise such changes and not deliver on their word.
Reggie's Note: WHAAAT???!!! You mean you can't trust the European oligarchs???
- Lies, Damn Lies, and Sovereign Truths: Why the Euro is Destined to Collapse!
- Smoking Swap Guns Are Beginning to Litter EuroLand, Sovereign Debt Buyer Beware!
- Greek Crisis Is Over, Region Safe", Prodi Says – I say Liar, Liar, Pants on Fire!
- Germany Finally Comes Out and Says, "We're Not Touching Greece" – Well, Sort of…
This will turn the crisis into only a short- to medium-term solution while eventually creating a fundamental currency crisis that will give way to no solutions.
Can the Euro handle that much QE? I believe the answer is yes. The ECB can forgive all the bonds they either own or collected as collateral for loans. Does anyone believe the principal on these loans will ever be paid down? The only stimulus from such a move will be the miniscule interest being saved.
Reggie's note: Moral hazard be damned, eh? What's to prevent other market participants from pushing to get a similar deal of borrowing money and not paying it back, expecting not to get punished. Massive forgiveness on this scale will fracture the market mechanism and destroy market pricing (as if it's not already wrecked as it is, does anybody really think core European bonds should yield what they do now?)
However, from a public confidence perspective, it would be huge, as it would drastically lower debt to GDP ratios.
Reggie's note: It will also bring about massively more stringent underwriting the next time around, effectively driving up rates anyway - you know, just as rates would have been driven up had the borrowers defaulted. Who in they're right mind would voluntarily make the same mistake twice in so short a period of time. As a reminder from my seminal link Greece Sneezes, The Euro Dies of Pneumonia! Yeah, Sounds Bombastic, Yet True!
Wait until a 2nd Greek default (virtually guaranteed as we supplied user downloadable models to see for yourself, the same model used to forecast the 1st default) mirrors history. Of the 181 yrs as a sovereign nation after gaining independence, Greece been in default 58 of them. Don't believe me! Check your history, or just read more BoomBustBlog - Sophisticated Ignorance Or Just A Very, Very Short Term Memory? Foolish Talk of German Bailouts Once Again...
It is important to note that Europe will be faced with a stark choice: either deflate assets and wages or deflate the currency. And, since as discussed, the Euro needs a significant reduction anyway, why not milk it and bring it down through QE? The crisis created by a country like Spain leaving the Euro will harm the Euro by much more than a giant QE would. There exists capacity for Europe to kick this one down a really long road and, with some discipline, actually solve it along the way.
Reggie's note: Possible, yes! Probable, Nah!!!
The challenge will be that, unlike the US, Europe has multiple players and can't turn on a dime. The crisis, when it comes, will be overwhelming, and will require solutions over a weekend or short bank holiday. Can so many politicians and central bankers on opposing sides of the language barrier figure out that their collective interests are far more in harmony than their differences? Prejudice, ego and vindictiveness – combined with an overly sensationalist media and so many involved players – stage the scene for things to easily get out of hand. If history is any guide, the answer is not very encouraging. However, Europe now shares a bureaucracy and central bank as well as a mostly shared corporate interest. So let's hope this time around is a bit different.
Reggie's note: I really liked this piece, and Mordechai is bright fellow. Of course I like it better with my commentary, which sort of... well.. Keeps it real!
In closing...
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Socialism and entitlements have run their course. Bon voyage Europe.
Europe's disatster is not 'right around the bend' so much as 'hiding beneath the mainstream media'. It's always good to see well reasoned arguments in print for why this catastrophe will happen, but I think here on ZH this is preaching to the choir.
I'm not so sure, however, that we will see a European politician challenge the ECB in any meaningful way. The central banks control policy through their economic might, the solution does not lie in challenging them to help or to modify their behaviour, their agenda is unlikely to change and they will not relinquish power.
Bungasconi's coalition partner was strongly considering state backed currency as a proposal. We don't really have to go into all of the reasons why one might not want to vote for the perverted old crook and his team, but I was surprised to see a central bank tell a voting public not to vote for him. I do wonder if the state backed currency idea was the real reason for the cartel rubbishing the bungaparty in such a surprising (and pretty undemocratic) way.
Switching to state issued currencies backed with state assets seems to be the only alternative if we need something to quickly switch to that will still fit in with our current models of commerce, and I think we could all do with a 'German Miracle' about now.
As ever though, the bank cartels remain the real issue and trying to 'win them over' is not feasable. Until we can wriggle out of the cold embrace of the vampire squid, we might as well be pissing into the wind.
The German Miracle will be when they agree to print, which they will....
The Europeans disagree on how to kick the can. But they will kick the can; iow, no breakup.
Yup, don't disagree. ECB balance sheet has already grown by about 1/3 since beginning 2012.
"Europe can survive – even thrive – at 0.65 Euro to the dollar. I recall this precise scenario in Canada during the early 90s."
Would be nice. I would buy a nice Benz at 1/2 the current price. Time for a nice vacation too.
But it could work. Brazil allowed the Real to be devalued in the mid to late 90's and has not looked back.
am i missing something? .65 Euro to the dollar is significantly stronger than it's current .77 to the dollar.
You got it backwards. My screen says 1.3089
So .65 is about half as strong [sic]; rather, twice as weak as now.
Europe can survive – even thrive – at 0.65 Euro to the dollar
.65 Euro to the dollar means 1 Euro = 1.54 USD. That is stronger than the Euro is now.
If they devalue the Euro they undermine the portfolios that hold EU Sovereign debt...if interest rates are near zero the ability to appreciate is nominal...however, the currency which the debt is denominated in were to devalue it would REDUCE the overall yield on the investment thereby creating a negative feedback loop which would compel banks, hedge funds, sovereign wealth funds et all to liquidate positions - so the ONLY alternative would be for Draghi to take a page from the Bernacke playbook & for the ECB to buy & hold the debt - considering the Federal Reserve holds 29% of all outstanding UST 10 year bonds & a +$3Trillion balance sheet should not surprise anyone of the political expediency of such a strategy - as the Fed is to the US Treasury Market the ECB would be to the EU...and the current EU "laws" do not allow the ECB to act in that capacity, however, this time IS different - great analysis Reggie - God save us from ourselves
"Anything too big too fail is a Sovereign Power."
If the Germans allow QE then the Euro could stay together for quite a while. I'm just not sure the rest of Europe would be okay with Germany getting a cool Tril. 2.88€ for free (36% of total Euro GDP assuming 8T in QE).
Curious theory here by Reggie's friend Mordechai Grun ...
He thinks that Hollande and Berlusconi can win their 'push' on Germany, to print like crazy ...
€ 6 to 8 trillion of QE ! ...
Euro losing half its current value re the dollar, down to 65 euro-cents per Bernanke Buck ! ...
Well. there are others also saying that Germany sees the writing on the wall, and has secretly agreed to Mega Printing Madness after the German elections in September ...
It is true this is the only way to keep the euro together ...
But doubtful the Germans, Dutch, Finns agree to this 180-degree turn
Doubtful things will hold together till after September's German election
Doubtful that there is much left of pro-united-Europe sentiment, with nationalist impulses surging ... that sentiment seems to mostly exist now in European Commission offices
More likely instead the euro-zone will split as events get out of hand
But it is the way a 'Fiskalunion' would work ... good to have the ideas out there ... Reggie is right here when he says « Possible, yes! Probable, Nah!!! »
well done, Reggie! I don't agree on everything but you sure have the main points correct
the whole currency war thing lacks a proper picture - perhaps best as a race between sailing ships
the eurozone is "losing", but it is way upwind - it has more room to manouver
yes, it has a lot of captains, and each is busy in it's own hold - bailing out, mostly
but all this breakup talk always forget one thing: european nations partecipating to the eurozone have a quite good idea of the consequences of such a move. at best, it means a palliative - but it does sure not remove the root causes of the mess
btw, at one point my expectation is that all central banks have to reverse course
then, being last means being first, and being upwind is still the better way to be


text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Publication date
|15 Apr 1975
|Filing date
|10 Mar 1971
|Priority date
|8 Sep 1969
|Publication number
|Frederick Zavasnik
|Original Assignee
|Phillips Petroleum Co
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (4), Referenced by (17), Classifications (22)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
United States Patent Zavasnik Apr. 15, 1975 FORMING PARISONS WITH NUCLEATED [56] References Cited INNER LAYER UNITED STATES PATENTS Inventor: Frederick Zavasnik, Chicago, 2,932,323 4/1960 Aries 138/137 3,140,004 7/1964 Schaich 215/1 [73] Asslgnee' g lif gii Cmnpany 3,207,739 9/1965 Wales 260/937 M e1 3,367,926 2/1968 Voeks 260/935 [22] Filed: Mar. 10, 1971 [21] APPL No; 122 673 Primary ExaminerCharles E. Van Horn Assistant ExaminerRobert A. Dawson Related U.S. Application Data [62] Division of Ser. No. 855,801, Sept. 8, 1969, Pat. No.
3,600,487. [57] ABSTRACT Tubular parisons suitable for blow molding into high strength transparent hollow objects are formed having 264/95; 264/98; 428/212; 428/215; 428/516 a thin inner layer of nucleated polypropylene and a [51] Int- C B3 2; 329d 3/0 F161 1 H04 thicker outer layer of polypropylene containing no nu- [58] Field of Search..... 138/137; 156/244; 161/165, cleating agent.
8 Claims, 3 Drawing Figures FORMING PARISONS WITH NUCLEATED INNER LAYER CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS This application is a divisional of pending application Ser. No. 855,801, filed Sept. 8, 1969 now U.S. Pat. No. 3,600,487.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION This invention relates to the fabrication of improved preformed parisons for blow molding to clear, high strength, hollow articles.
It has been found that blow molded articles of excep tional strength and clarity can be produced by forming a tubular parison, cooling said parison to a temperature well below its crystalline melting point, and thereafter reheating said parison to a point just below its crystalline melting point at which temperature it is stretched longitudinally and expanded by internal fluid pressure to conform to mold walls. The resulting product has high strength because of the molecular orientation imparted by stretching at this temperature, and further, has improved clarity as compared with conventionally blown bottles and the like. It has been found that while bottles and the like formed in this manner have excep tional clarity and sparkle. these optical properties can be enhanced yet still further to give a product which is essentially crystal clear by the addition of a small amount of a nucleating agent. However, it has been found that some nucleating agents tend to degrade the polymer. or perhaps, tend to interfere with the stabilizing effect of additives in the polymer.
Also, there is certain difficulty inherent in this technique in that the quality of the final article is determined somewhat by the surface characteristics of the parison. The outer surface of the parison can easily be quenched by contact with a cold metal surface or by contact with water to give a crystal structure and surface which will result in a clear, glossy surface on the outside of the resulting article. Also, the outer surface of the parison is formed by forcing it out against a smooth-walled sizing tube. and therefore, is mechanically smoothed. However, the inner surface of the parison cannot be cooled and smoothed in this manner without the utilization of complicated and unreliable equipment. Somewhat improved internal melt surface characteristics are obtained by using higher melt flow polymer, but this frequently results in a poorer surface on the outside, presumably as a result of the higher melt flow polymer having a tendency to be scratched or marred by contact with metal surfaces during the heating and fabrication operations since it tends to be relatively more sticky than low melt flow material and because, especially on slow cooling, the high melt flow material tends to crystallize with the formation oflarge spherulites so that even though the surface is physically smooth, the resulting article has imparted to it the poor optical properties associated with large spherulitic crystal structure.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of this invention to provide an improved parison for blow molding into hollow objects;
It is a further object of this invention to provide a parison having enhanced surface characteristics on the interior thereof;
It is a further object of this invention to provide a parison having enhanced optical properties without any sacrifice in the physical properties of the parison or the resulting final product; and
It is yet a further object of this invention to make possible the production of blow molded hollow articles having exceptional clarity and outstanding mechanical properties.
In accordance with this invention, a parison preform is fabricated having a thin inner surface of nucleated polypropylene and a thicker outer layer of polypropylene containing no nucleating agent.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS In the drawings forming a part hereof, wherein like reference characters denote like parts in the various views,
FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of forming parison preforms and thereafter fabricating them into hollow objects;
FIG. 2 is a detailed view of the die face and vacuum cooling chamber of FIG. 1; and
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a parison preform prepared in accordance with this invention.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Both the inner and outer layer of the parisons of this invention are formed from polypropylene. The polypropylene forming the inner layer contains a nucleating agent in a concentration within the range of 0.005 to 1. preferably 0.01 to 0.05, weight percent based on the weight of the polymer. The polypropylene forming the outer layer contains no nucleating agent. Antioxidants. UV stabilizers, heat stabilizers, and the like may be incorporated into the polypropylene forming the outer layer. While the inner layer will generally contain such additives also, such is not essential because mechanical properties of the over all laminate will not be effected appreciably by embrittlement which might occur in the inner layer; and in addition, some nucleating agents tend to interfere with the action of stabilizersystems. Also, some stabilizer systems such as those containing calcium stearate interfere with the action of the nucleating agent.
Any of the nucleating agents known in the art can be used in the inner layer. Exemplary of these are carboxylic acids such as benzoic acid, sodium salts of dicarboxylic acid-type compounds, benzoic acid-type compounds, and arylalkanoic acid-type compounds such as are disclosed in Wales, U.S. Pat. No. 3,207,739. Voeks, U.S. Pat. No. 3,367,926, also discloses numerous suitable nucleating agents.
Some improvement in the surface characteristics of the polymer can be achieved by utilizing a higher melt flow polymer. However, if it is desired to reheat the parison to orientation temperature by means of placing the parison in a heated block where there is direct contact between the parison and the block, it has been found that the higher melt flow polymers which tend to give a smoother inner surface are more easily scratched during the heating step, and thus give an inferior outer surface. In addition, the higher melt flow polymers would give slightly poorer mechanical properties such as impact strength in the ultimate article; and, because of the tendency of high melt flow polymers to form larger crystal structures, the beneficial effect of the smoother surface on the optical properties is outweighed by the presence of spherulites. At any rate, in a preferred embodiment of this invention, the inner layer containing the nucleating agent is made of a higher flow of polypropylene than the outer layer containing no nucleating agent. Suitable melt flow ranges for the inner layers are from 3 to and for the outer layer, 0.5 to 2.9 (ASTM D l238-62T, Condition L).
The orientation temperature to which the parisons are reheated preparatory to blow molding is within the range of 1 to 50 below the crystalline melting point of the polymer, preferably within 2 to below. Polypropylene generally has a crystalline melting point of about 340F; thus, the preferred orientation temperature is in the neighborhood of 320338F.
The thickness of the inner layer will be between 5 and 50 mils, preferably between 9 and l5.mils. The thickness of the outer layer will be at least 60 mils and can be as high as 300 mils or higher, preferably between 100 and ISO mils. Particularly in the preferred embodiment wherein the inner layer is ofa higher melt flow, the thickness must be at least 5 mils since there is more involved than just providing a surface effect." That is, the higher melt flow polymer tends to level out unevenness in the inner surface of the outer layer in such instances. The nucleating agent prevents the formation of large crystal structures and hence the optical properties of the final article are enhanced by both the physically smoother inner surface and by the absence of large crystal structures in this layer. The outer layer is physically smoothed by the sizing bushing and has relatively small crystal structures because of the low melt flow.
The laminate can be formed as shown in the drawings by first fabricating a thin wall tube of a nucleated material and thereafter running it through a crosshead die in a manner known in the art, and extrusion coating the unnucleated outer layer over it. Such crosshead dies are conventionally used for extrusion coating wire and imparting a plastic coating to metal conduit and the like. The inner tube melts, at least along the interface with the outer layer, during this operation. Alternatively, the two layers can be extruded simultaneously from a die head having concentric annular passageways for two polymers. Such die heads are known in the art and are conventionally fed by means of utilizing a first extruder to feed the inner concentric annular extrusion die and a second extruder to feed the outer concentric extrusion die. Indeed, the die itself at the face thereof would have the same appearance as that shown in FIG. 2, except a mandrel would be present within the inner tube.
Referring now to the drawings, particularly FIG. I, there is shown a frame 12 supporting the various pieces of equipment. First extruder 14 forms a thin wall tubular extrudate 16 of nucleated polypropylene. Extrudate 16 passes through cooling bath l8 and thence to crosshead die 20 of second extruder 22. As thin walled tubular extrudate 16 passes through crosshead die 20, there is extruded around it a thicker outer tubular layer of polypropylene containing no nucleating agent. The thus formed tubular laminate 24 passes through vacuum cooling and sizing chamber 26. Tubular laminate 24 is pulled through vacuum cooling and sizing chamber 26 by means of puller 28 which comprises two endless belts which are in frictional contact with the tubular laminate. This thus cooled and sized tubular laminate is thereafter directed through cutting mechanism 30 having knife elements 32 which sever the tubular laminate into individual work pieces (tubular parisons) 34. Parison 34 are passed through oven 36 where they are heated to orientation temperature. On emerging from the oven, they are grasped at a first end thereof by means of rotating gripping mechanism 38 and transferred to a position between mold halves 40. A second end of parison 34 is clamped by thread-forming jaw 42 and the parison, while still at orientation temperature, is stretched longitudinally by means of relative axial movement between thread-forming jaw 42 and gripping mechanism 38, for instance, by means of air cylinder 44, which move thread-forming jaw 42 upward. Mold halves 40 are then closed by the action of air cylinder means 46 and fluid pressure introduced into the interior of the parison via line 48 to expand same out into conformity with the interior forming zone of said mold halves to give a biaxially oriented, high strength, clear bottle.
Referring now to FIG. 2, there is shown in detail, crosshead die 20 and the initial section of vacuum cooling and sizing chamber 26. As can be seen, thin-walled tubular extrudate 16 passes through crosshead die 20 and there is extruded thereon an annular thicker tubular extrudate 50 to thus form the tubular laminate 24. As tubular laminate 24 enters vacuum cooling and sizing chamber 26, the outer surface thereof is mechanically smoother by means of bushing 52 and is cooled by means of water within chamber 26. The entire chamber is under vacuum so as to cause said tubular laminate to be maintained in intimate sliding contact with bushing 52 as it passes through the chamber. Thicker extrudate 50 is formed by the annular opening defined by outer die bushing 54 and the outer suface of concentric hollow mandrel 56. As noted hereinabove, a second mandrel could be positioned within mandrel 56 and the inner thin-walled tube formed in the annular opening defined by the inner surface of hollow mandrel 56 and the outer surface of this additional concentric mandrel (not shown).
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a parison formed .in accordance with this invention showing the outer,
thicker layer 50 of polypropylene containing no nucleating agent and the inner, thinner layer of nucleated polypropylene 16.
It is apparent that many conventional items such as temperature controllers. heaters, switches, and other mechanical elements have been omitted for the sake of simplicity, but their inclusion is understood by those skilled in the art and is within the scope of the invention.
EXAMPLE Polypropylene homopolymer having a melt flow of 3.5 (ASTM D l238-62T, Condition L) and a density of 0.905 (ASTM D l505-63T) was formed into a thinwalled tube having a wall thickness of IO mils. This tube was cooled to solidify same and passed through a crosshead die similar to that shown in the FIGURES. A mil-thick layer of 0.7 melt flow (ASTM D 1238- 62T, Condition L). 0.905 density (ASTM D 1505-63T) polypropylene homopolymer was extruded over said thin-walled tube in a manner similar to that shown in the drawings. The polypropylene comprising the inner layer containing 0.01 weight percent sodium benzoate nucleating agent based on the weight of the polymer.
The resulting laminate was cooled to room temperature and cut into five inch lengths which were reheated to a temperature of 320-338F. These reheated parisons were stretched longitudinally and placed in a molding zone and expanded to conform to the molding zone by means of internal fluid pressure to give biaxially oriented bottles. The resulting bottles were crystal clear, had tough wall sections, and were found to still possess good mechanical properties after a period of many months. The 3.5 melt flow polymer contained about 0.15 weight percent each of butylated hydroxy toluene (BHT) and dilaurylthiodipropionate (DLTDP). The 0.7 melt flow polymer contained BHT, distearylthiodipropionate. calcium stearate and l,1,3-tris( 2-methyl-4- hydroxy-S-tert-butylphenyl )butane (Topanol CA).
CONTROL 1 CONTROL 2 A 125 mil extrudate was formed from the identical 3.5 melt flow polypropylene as the Example except containing benzoic acid as a nucleating agent. The resulting extrudate was formed into individual parisons, reheated and blow molded to give biaxially oriented bottles in a manner identical to that used in the Example. The bottles initially were clear and tough but after standing for two weeks at room temperature, the walls became brittle.
While this invention has been described in detail for the purpose of illustration, it is not to be construed as limited thereby. but is intended to cover all changes and modifications within the spirit and scope thereof.
1 claim:
1. An individual preformed tubular parison comprising an inner tubular layer of polypropylene of 5-50 mils wall thickness. said polypropylene containing 0.005-1 weight percent ofa nucleating agent, and an outer integrally joined layer of polypropylene, said outer layer having a thickness of 60-300 mils and said polypropylene comprising said outer layer having no nucleating agent.
2. An article according to claim 1 wherein said nucleating agent is sodium benzoate.
3. An article according to claim 1 wherein said inner layer of polypropylene has a relatively high melt flow and said outer layer has a relatively low melt flow.
4. An article according to claim 1 wherein the polymer comprising said inner layer has a melt flow within the range of 3-10 and when said polypropylene comprising said outer layer has a melt flow within the range of 0.5-2.9.
5. An article according to claim 1 wherein said inner layer has a wall thickness of 9-15 mils.
6. An article according to claim 1 wherein said outer layer has a wall thickness of -150 mils.
7. An article according to claim 1 wherein said nucleating agent is present in said polypropylene of said inner layer in an amount within the range of 0.01 to 0.05 weight percent based on the weight of said polypropylene.
8. An article according to claim 7 wherein said inner layer has a wall thickness of 9-15 mils and said outer layer has a wall thickness of 100-l50 mils.
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|Polypropylene container and process for making the same
|9 Jul 2001
|8 Nov 2001
|Curie Kevin James
|Transparent multilayer polypropylene container with barrier protection
|27 Jun 2003
|8 Jan 2004
|Curie Kevin James
|Transparent multilayer polypropylene container with barrier protection
|27 Feb 2006
|6 Jul 2006
|Guy Richards
|Polypropylene container and process for making the same
|11 Jan 2008
|15 May 2008
|Guy Richards
|Polypropylene container and process for making the same
|11 Jan 2008
|20 Nov 2008
|Guy Richards
|Polypropylene container and process for making the same
|25 Feb 2010
|Ball Corporation
|Polypropylene Container and Process for Making the Same
|23 Oct 2002
|1 May 2003
|Pechiney Emballage Flexible Europe
|Polypropylene container and process for making it
|U.S. Classification
|428/35.7, 428/36.91, 156/244.24, 138/137, 156/244.18, 264/532, 428/215, 156/244.13, 264/515, 428/212, 428/542.8, 428/516
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification

subset: commoncrawl


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What is the Delivery Planning Standards Manual?
Centralized mail delivery is now an essential part of all new residential and commercial developments in Canada. Our Delivery Planning Standards Manual, developed in cooperation with builders, developers, architects, planners, and municipal authorities, outlines the standards of customer mail receiving receptacles for every step in the development process, including:
- Design
- Construction
- Installation
While the manual is comprehensive in detailing the delivery options available to you, it is essential that your plans be reviewed by a delivery planner. A listing of regional delivery planning offices can be found in the manual.


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|I Need Help With An AA Flight Cancelation posted Sat Dec 23 2006 01:58:21 by Legacytravel
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Fresh Android Apps for Nov. 9: Right Here! QuoteMaster, Favorite Contact Free
Today's fresh Android apps may keep you from getting lost in the crowd, inspire you to do great things, or simplify your regular phone calls to friends and family.
Right Here! (Android) FREE
When you're in a crowd, it's easy to get separated from your friends. Not sure where you are in relation to the group?
Right Here! is an app that allows you to share your location through SMS. Your friends will receive a link embedded in the SMS that will launch the phone's web browser with a map of where you're currently at.
Download this app before you go to the bar, a concert, renaissance festivals, the mall or an amusement park and you'll never get lost in the crowd, again.
QuoteMaster (Android) FREE
There is a lot of wisdom to be found in quotations. Reading quotes by well-known and established people can inspire, make you think or make you laugh.
QuoteMaster is an app that brings quotes by famous people throughout history directly to your phone. Save your favorites, add comments and rate the quotes. After you rate a few quotes the system will start to learn what kinds of quotes you enjoy the most.
Favorite Contact Free (Android) FREE
Call your favorite contacts with just one click. This Android widget allows you to call and send messages to your favorite contacts without searching through your entire contact list.
Use the call option "Direct Call" or "Confirmed Call" or group your favorite contacts together. Favorite Contact Free also supports contact search and offers contact import options.


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The breastfeeding support community celebrated when this year's health care reform bill included breast pumping support provisions. Mothers were given the right to adequate break time and a private place to pump their breast milk at work. But these legislative changes missed one key piece of the puzzle--the breast pump.
The Internal Revenue Service does not allow nursing mothers to use their tax-sheltered health care accounts to pay for breastfeeding supplies, which includes breast pumps. A quality double-electric breast pump can cost anywhere from $150 to $250, a significant investment for many moms.
What can you pay for with these flexible spending accounts? Prescription acne medication, dentures, braces, acupuncture, birth control and much more. But a breast pump, which could extend a mom's ability to feed her baby breast milk for months or even years, must be purchased out of pocket.
The IRS explains that by its standards, breast milk qualifies as simply a nutritious food, and since nutrition is not considered a medical condition, important breastfeeding equipment doesn't qualify for a tax break. Following that logic, a breast pump would fall into the same category as your average kitchen appliance.
Despite the plethora of evidence supporting breastfeeding's myriad benefits for babies, mothers and society-at-large, the IRS remains unconvinced that these benefits are enough to expand the use of these funds to nursing mothers. Let's look at the research.
Studies have shown that breastfed babies are protected against common childhood gastrointestinal and respiratory infections, stomach cancers, and peptic ulcers; have a reduced risk of depression and behavioral problems; might even have higher IQ; and can mean lower rates of obesity later in life--a cause championed by First Lady Michelle Obama in her Let's Move Campaign to reduce the rate of childhood obesity.
Women who breastfeed are less likely to develop cardiovascular disease and risk factors such as high blood pressure, diabetes and high cholesterol. Research has also shown that the longer a woman breastfed, the less likely she is to develop breast cancer. And the weight loss many women report as a bonus of breastfeeding is a significant benefit in a culture plagued by obesity.
In fact, a recent Harvard Medical School study that found if moms breastfed exclusively for the first six months of life, it would save this country over 900 babies' lives and over $13 billion in health care costs.
What will it take to make the IRS understand that breast milk is much more than a nutritious, nice-to-have for babies? For starters, it will require education around the greater importance of breastfeeding to the health and wellness of moms and babies. I'd be interested to know who the IRS consulted when it came time to decide if breast pumps were important enough to be purchased using these accounts.
The IRS must understand the importance of breast pumps and other supplies in making continued breastfeeding a possibility in a country where employers are only required to provide 12 weeks of unpaid maternity leave. The challenges associated with breastfeeding after the return to work is the number one reason moms report they stopped breastfeeding.
Yet medical professionals, the American Academy of Pediatrics (which petitioned the IRS to cover these expenses), and the U.S. branch of the International Lactation Consultant Association (USLCA), recommend women breastfeed their babies exclusively for a minimum of the first six months, and feed a combination of breast milk and other supplementary foods for an additional six months to reach a full year of breastfeeding. For a full-time working mom, it would be virtually impossible to reach this goal without the help of a breast pump.
Breast milk production follows the rule of supply and demand. If a breastfeeding mom regularly goes a full day without expressing breast milk, her supply wanes and will eventually dry up, leaving her no choice but formula. When mom and baby are separated for an extended period, breast pumps make it possible to stimulate milk production while the pumped milk can be stored for later use.
In our current economic climate, no one is asking for these expenses to be covered 100 percent, but some financial help could go a long way for many mothers. It could be the difference between affording a breast pump and not.
It's worth noting that the IRS states that mothers can get a note from their doctor or health care provider that explains why they should be allowed use these flexible spending accounts to purchase a pump. But this still places the burden squarely upon the mother to plead her case. And in the end, it could easily be denied.
The overwhelming response to this news, which spawned hundreds, if not thousands of comments, articles, and blog posts, has spurred Change.org to create a petition to tell Congress it can't discriminate against breastfeeding. Please take a moment to sign your name. And help spread the word by sharing this with as many friends and family as possible. Post it on Facebook. Send out a mass e-mail. Changing the IRS's position on breastfeeding could be one of the greatest successes for breastfeeding and, ultimately, for the health of our nation. I hope you'll be a part of it.


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May 31, 2016
The body of a missing University of Southern Mississippi freshman has been found.
The university says Steven Clay McGehee, of Horn Lake, was found Friday in Yalobusha County. Officials suspect no foul play and university officials say an autopsy will be conducted.
McGehee had been missing since Nov. 6. Officials say the last known contact with McGehee came through a text message. He was reported missing by his roommate.
Click Here to access the online Public Inspection File
Viewers with disabilities can get assistance accessing this station's FCC Public Inspection File by contacting the station with the information listed below. Questions or concerns relating to the accessibility of the FCC's online public file system should be directed to the FCC at 888-225-5322, 888-835-5322 (TTY), or firstname.lastname@example.com.


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Funded by the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, the adolescent dating violence study is a four year, multi-level cohort-sequential study of rural adolescent dating violence victimization and perpetration. The project's goal is to define an ecological, multilevel model of dating violence victimization and perpetration among adolescents in the rural south as a prelude to developing a comprehensive, community-based prevention and intervention initiative and generating specific policy and program recommendations for the prevention of adolescent dating violence. Data will be collected across a four-year study period from a random sample of females and males in grades 6 through 12 (approximate age range of 12 to 19), a parent or caregiver, and school and youth serving organization personnel. Data will also be collected through an observational study of the adolescents' neighborhoods, through third party sources of neighborhood-level data and through an observational study of adolescent couples who have been dating for a minimum of three months. Finally, data will be collected on factors characterizing the organizational setting where youth spend substantial amounts of time, including schools and youth serving organizations. Latent growth curve analysis will be used to model the data.
Back to IFNL
Open the original version of this page.
Usablenet Assistive is a Usablenet product. Usablenet Assistive Main Page.


text:
Share Photo
In this photo taken Tuesday, July 19, 2011, a Palestinian woman carries her baby as she walks past the archeological park of Tel Balata in the West Bank city of Nablus. Archaeologists unearthing a biblical ruin inside the Palestinian city of Nablus in the West Bank are writing the latest chapter in a 100-year-old excavation that has been interrupted by two world wars and numerous rounds of Mideast upheaval. (AP Photo/Bernat Armangue)


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Is there a better way to kick off a DJ Podcast series than with a mix by electro-house legends Booka Shade?
Certainly not. The Berlin-based duo have nailed yet another flawless example of their inspired dance-wisdom, showcasing 40 minutes of super-sharp electro business of all kinds. Beginning with a wonderfully bizarre track from The Martin Brothers, the mix explores trippy house vibes, minimal techno and infectious rhythmic and percussive elements, all underpinned by crisp production and seamless mixing.
Tracks that the duo have used include the brilliant and aptly-named 'Detroit' from techno / electro purveyor Morgan Geist, some gloriously retro electro from Heaven 17, and of course, several choice cuts from Booka Shade themselves, including an Audiofly remix of Booka Shade vs. M.A.N.D.Y.'s classic cover of 'O Superman' and a brand new mix from the duo themselves of their own 'Sweet Lies' track, from latest album The Sun & The Neon Light.
Throughout their career, Booka Shade, made up of Walter Merziger and Arno Kammermeier, have acquired a habit of turning everything they touch into gold. They have won critical acclaim from both the underground and mainstream, toured the globe extensively and created some absolutely classic tunes along the way, such as the massive club hits 'Body Language' (with M.A.N.D.Y.) and 'Night Falls'. With their Podcast mix for Clash, the duo have crafted yet another winner, picking an inspired selection of high quality and immensely listenable tracks, firmly sealing their reputation as legends of the electronic scene.
Click here to download the Booka Shade Mix
(On a Mac hold Ctrl +click and select 'Save link as...')
(On a PC right click and select 'Save link as...')
Read more about Booka Shade here
The Booka Shade mix tracklisting -
1. The Martin Brothers - The Capacitron (Dirtybird)
2. Guillaume & The Coutu Dumonts - Mederico (Oslo)
3. The Martin Brothers - Full Moon (Dirtybird)
4. Tiga & Zyntherius - Sunglasses at Night / K. Black mix (Turbo)
5. Stimming – Una Pena (Diynamic)
6. Morgan Geist - Nocebo (Environ)
7. Heaven 17 – I'm Your Money (Virgin)
8. Morgan Geist - Detroit / C2 mix (Environ)
9. Tiger Stripes - Blackroom Entertainment (Get Physical)
10. M.A.N.D.Y. vs. Booka Shade - O Superman / Audiofly remix (Get
11. Booka Shade - Sweet Lies / Booka's Easy Way Out mix (Get Physical)
12. Dapayk & Padberg feat. Caro - Island / Nôze remix (Mo's Ferry)
13. Kollektiv Turmstrasse - Luchtoorn (Plastic City)
14. Raz Ohara & The Odd Orchestra - Where He At / Apparat remix (Get


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Yes indeed!
He just gets on with it. And hes done a shift on all sorts of bike in a wide range of teams and championships - so doesnt just get stuck in one championship. That experience should stand him in good stead.
Hats off to the lad.


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I am pleased to give my personal advice to the members of our Inner Circle. This is especially urgent in today's changing market, where a practiced eye and sure reactions can do so much to keep your portfolio safe and your profits growing.
When you join my investment group, you are entitled to special membership privileges you simply cannot find anywhere else:
AND you get a personalized membership card . . . as well as many other advantages enjoyed only by members of this unique investment circle.
You don't have to go it alone in today's uncertain markets. You can profit from the personal, expert advice of someone you have come to trust. This is what each member gets with their Inner Circle membership.
Learn more about the benefits of membership in Pat McKeough's Inner Circle.
In today's economy, it's more important than ever to have clear investment advice that is tailored to your own personal goals. This is where Pat McKeough's conservative safe-investing philosophy comes in. Through TSI Network, you get access to reports, monthly newsletters and premium services that go beyond the daily headlines to give you all the advice and information you need to build a portfolio with long-term growth potential. Simply click on the links below to discover which service is right for you.
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Wilkes Barre-Scranton Penguins at Hershey Bears
Wed, Dec 26, 2012 7:00 pm
Giant Center, Hershey, PA
Sorry, this event has already taken place. Please see similar events below.
|May 29 Sun 3:00 PM
|AHL Eastern Conference Finals: Hershey Bears at Toronto Marlies - Home Game (Date TBD - If Necessary)
|Ricoh Coliseum
Toronto, ON


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PET OF THE WEEK: Romeo
Romeo is a 1-year-old, black-and-white Shih Tzu and Lhasa Apso mix, who is very outgoing. He is available through Sun City K-9 Adoptions until 3 p.m. Saturday and Sunday at the Petco in Menifee. All dogs and cats are altered and microchipped. Call 951-679-6444 or visit sck9adoptions.org .


text: I have an ezip trailz bike with the rack mounted SLA battery. I am looking for someone that has one of these batteries that is no longer working. I would like to buy the shell from this person in order to build a battery pack of my own, but still use the same connections as the factory battery comes with.


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the races today are similar to a funeral procession. these days all you have to do is take the lead and the car holds up, then you're home free.


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Epik Blog
Blog Archives
Oct 24
Is November 3 the planned kick-off day for QE2?
- posted by Rob Monster
- in Economics
- 5 Comments
There was an interesting read on ZeroHedge a few weeks ago. The article made the case for announcement of a $3 trillion wave of Quantitative Easing starting on November 3 — the day after the US mid-term elections, and also the date of the next meeting of the Federal Reserve Board Governors. Since this provocative […]Read more
May 19
I am delighted to announce the First Annual Epik Developer Conference. The conference will be hosted in Epik's home town of Seattle from September 15-17, 2010. Client Summits are an important growth driver As many people in the industry know, prior to starting Epik, I spent 8 years building a company called Global Market Insite […]Read more


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Her father introduced her to fly fishing on the flats of Islamorada, and her first encounter with a tarpon left her trembling with excitement.
After receiving her B.A. in biology and attending graduate school, she returned to her passion. She has since fished several flats and offshore tournaments in Islamorada and in 2004 won the Hawley Invitational Tarpon Tournament, a male dominated event. In addition, she holds seven I.G.F.A. fly division records.
She is a contributing writer for Fly Fishing in Saltwater magazine and travels to sport shows, clubs and fly shops throughout the country sharing her enthusiasm for fly fishing and instructing. She spends her winters and springs exploring the flats of the Keys, and her summers and falls wading the rivers and streams of Montana.
Diana on Tarpon Line


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comprehensive growth strategies.
The strategies outline the policy actions that members intend to take to meet their collective ambition. The Framework Working Group had conducted a peer review of these preliminary comprehensive growth strategies in June at Goa, India.
Mayaram said as per the assessment, policy actions, excluding on infrastructure and trade, are expected to provide only an additional 0.8 per cent growth rather than the targeted 2 per cent.
"It is in investment including in infrastructure that we need to put our heads together to come up with new and additional policy actions to unlock our growth potential.
"However, clearly the support that must be provided by the MDBs (multilateral development banks) and the developed countries in intermediation of global capital flows into emerging markets has also been very weak," Mayaram added.


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MADRID – World-renowned tenor Placido Domingo was admitted to a hospital in his native city, Madrid, on Monday to be treated for a pulmonary embolism resulting from a deep vein thrombosis.
According to his spokesperson, Nancy Seltzer, the 72-year-old felt severe pain and went to the hospital, where he remains, but is expected to make a full recovery.
"The doctor has asked him to rest for three to four weeks," Seltzer told ARTINFO. "But knowing Placido, he tends to return sooner than expected."
A statement from Seltzer's office confirmed he will cancel his performances in Daniel Catan's "Il Postino," scheduled to begin at the Teatro Real in Madrid on July 17, as well as a performance he was conducting at Madrid's Plaza Mayor on July 21.
In "Il Postino," Domingo was to play Chilean poet Pablo Naruda, a role he originated in 2010 at L.A. Opera where the tenor serves as general director.
The Teatro Real production is a co-production with L.A. Opera, which said in a statement: "All of us at L.A. Opera wish Maestro Domingo a full and speedy recovery. Our thoughts are with him and his family at this time."
Pulmonary thrombosis is caused when a deep vein is blocked by a blood clot. The clot sometimes breaks off and can travel to the lung, where it can be life threatening. It occurs most commonly following air travel.
It is treated with thinners to keep the blood moving around the clot, which usually dissolves on its own. In extreme circumstances, catheter-directed thrombolysis is used to inject clot-busting drugs to break up the clot.
Domingo's family is with him in Madrid. He is expected to have recovered in time to be in Los Angeles in September, when he will conduct a revival of Teatro Real's original production of "Carmen."


text:
Register with us or sign in
From 1 ratings
Plant type
Deciduous shrub
Flower colour
Red, Yellow
Skill level
There are many fine Cytisus hybrids, most derived partly from C. x praecox, the familiar and free-flowering spring shrub, itself a hybrid which appeared in a garden in 1867. The latest varieties are noted for their rich colouring, nearly always including cream or yellow, but with varying amounts of red or orange shades on parts of the complex pea-shaped flowers. 'Lena' is a very attractive shapely variety, in a combination of deep red, pale yellow and red/yellow stripes. Annual trimming prolongs the life of these short-lived shrubs. The Royal Horticultural Society has given it its prestigious Award of Garden Merit (AGM).
Family: Papilionaceae
Genus: Cytisus
Cultivar: Lena
Plant type: Deciduous shrub
Flower colour: Red, Yellow
Foliage colour: Mid-green
Feature: Flowers
Sun exposure: Full sun
Soil: Well-drained/light, Chalky/alkaline
Hardiness: Hardy
Skill level: Experienced
Height: 120cm
Spread: 150cm
Time to take cuttings: June to July
This is a beautiful plant that has made it's home in my front garden. It flowered for the first time this year but did not last for long. So Love It.


text:
Decking Installation
Get Started
Schedule your FREE
Schedule your FREE
consultation today.
Prices, promotions, styles, and availability may vary. Our local stores do not honor online pricing. Prices and availability of products and services are subject to change without notice. Errors will be corrected where discovered, and Lowe's reserves the right to revoke any stated offer and to correct any errors, inaccuracies or omissions including after an order has been submitted.
Whatever your project, Lowe's can show you how. Search our library for ideas and inspiration.Get Started
At Lowe's, we have everything you need to create a beautiful and durable outdoor space. First, decide if you'd like to use pressure-treated lumber, pressure-treated decking or composite decking and railings. Next, add treated deck components, balusters and spindles, or maybe lattice for safety and style. And don't forget post caps to add a personalized touch to your end posts. If you decide to use lumber over composite, our selection of stains and sealers will help you get the look you want and the protection you need to enjoy your deck for years to come. If you're building it yourself, we have the power saws, deck screws and more to help you get the job done right. Check out our building supplies buying guides to help you decide.


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The man with two brains
My head hurt a lot. I thought at first that I had neuralgia. After a couple of days I was worried that I had a brain tumour. Only a combination of dihydrocodeine, ibuprofen and paracetamol made the pain bearable. And then the lump appeared. A big bloody lump at that. Although there were jokes about growing an additional head/brain/'mini-me', it turned out only to be an infection caused by a tooth abcess. ONLY!!! Unfortunately, my fears of dentistry and tooth removal (memories of gas at the age of six) were very strong. The tooth removal itself wasn't anywhere near as bad as I'd anticipated, though, although I'd not exactly describe it as an enjoyable experience. Now that I've had a tooth extracted as an adult, the novelty's worn off anyway, so I don't think I'll do it again. There does, however, appear to be a solution to the problem of my new gap. I should, perhaps, also mention a second dental-related disaster, which happened within a couple of weeks of having the aforementioned tooth removed. A tooth broke. Not just any only tooth, but the exact matching twin of the one I'd had so distressingly extracted. Apparently, the concrete-like repair will last at least six months, but may endure up to a couple of years before more 'work' is needed.


text:
Have Legal Questions? Ask a Lawyer Now.
I am sorry you are experiencing this
So this wife is saying that you are sexually harassing her husband and you work with him? Is that correct?
And you feel uncomfortable and maybe even fearful of this woman as she sits in the parking lot of your employment?
Yes I do
Ok. Thank you.
I suggest that what you first need to do is write her a letter to cease and desist with her activities. That she is annoying and harassing and her behavior is causing you concern. That you are not harassing her husband and she has been told that. Explain in the letter that if she continues with this behavio
that you will have no other option but to call the police and file criminal harassment charges and that she should consider this letter as being placed ON NOTICE to stop
The letter needs to be mailed to her certified mail with a return receipt requested.
This way you have proof that she has been told that the behavior is harassing and you have given her Notice to stop
You will need that, if she continues with the behavior and you need to file a police report
I hope that it does not come to that, but if she continues after she has gotten the letter then you also can tell the police in addition to the criminal charges you want a restraining order
that will keep her from the parking lot as well as from a certain distance to you at all times
If you have other questions, please post them here and I will provide you information. Otherwise, I would appreciate you taking time to rate this service "good to excellent" so that I may get credit for my time and information. Rating will not close your question. You will always be able to review it. It will only close a Chat - Thank you and good luck
DISCLAIMER: Answers from Experts on JustAnswer are not substitutes for the advice of an attorney. JustAnswer is a public forum and questions and responses are not private or confidential or protected by the attorney-client privilege. The Expert above is not your attorney, and the response above is not legal advice. You should not read this response to propose specific action or address specific circumstances, but only to give you a sense of general principles of law that might affect the situation you describe. Application of these general principles to particular circumstances must be done by a lawyer who has spoken with you in confidence, learned all relevant information, and explored various options. Before acting on these general principles, you should hire a lawyer licensed to practice law in the jurisdiction to which your question pertains.
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text:
Hi all,
I tried searching for the answer to this question elsewhere on these forums... couldn't find exactly what I was looking for...
I haven't ridden in 30 years... just got a Trek 7.5 FX... awesome bike... however the only thing I found disconcerting about my first ride was how jarring it was, as I hit every bump or rut on the local paved bike path. When my LBS set the bike up, the tech mentioned he pumped the tires to 105 PSI. Since riding the bike 4 more times, I've discoverd that I get a very comfortable ride with the tires at 75 PSI.
So the question is, how low can I go on a 110 max psi tire, inflated to only 75 lbs, before problems arise? Most everything I've read on these forums suggest reducing the tire pressure by only 5 or 10 lbs, yet the "Ideal Inflation" table found at: http://www.precisiontandems.com/phot...tirechartx.jpg says I should be riding at 72-75 lbs... pretty much right where I like it now.
Here's all the data:
Bike: Trek 7.5 FX
Tires: 700 x 32c Bontrager Race Lite Hardcase (actual width 30.5mm)
Max pressure: 110 lbs
Wheels: Bontrager SSR (don't know anything about these as I can't find them on the Bontrager website)
My weight + bike: 230 lbs
My comfortable speed right now: 13-18 MPH
Thanks in advance for your comments!


text:
My bike is a hybrid, rarely ride in rain, usually 35-minute x 2 round trip commute about 5 days a week on city streets in leisure speed. Should I buy high, mid or low viscosity chain lube? Pros and cons? Thanks.
My bike is a hybrid, rarely ride in rain, usually 35-minute x 2 round trip commute about 5 days a week on city streets in leisure speed. Should I buy high, mid or low viscosity chain lube? Pros and cons? Thanks.
Short answer - ProLink I'm laughing because you just started another landslide of opinions
There's about 6000 discussions on chain lubes on this board and everybody has their own opinion of what's best.
Personally, I like the Chain L from FBinNY on this board, but it's a bit messy.
I didn't think my chain was noisy until I heard it quiet.
pick a number , I'll go with 20..
I know there have been a lot of discussions... Right now I just hope know about the viscosity factor. Never mind what brand, just the pros and cons of high/mid/low viscosity?
Very generally: thick lubes stay in the chain longer, but they attract grime and grit more. Thin lubes don't attract grime as much, but they wash out quickly. Find a balance applicable to your specific situation.
This is what led me to ask the question.
Last edited by vol; 04-01-14 at 03:54 PM.
You sound like a medium, since heavy is for mud and rain and light doesn't really work very well for anybody (at least that's what I've read on here).
Viscosity is only part of the equation. Actually, film strength is more important, and it doesn't always follow with viscosity. Short answer, thicker lubes tend to stay inside longer, thin ones wick in quickly, then wash out just as quickly.
As far as cleanliness goes, I find that thick oils can be as clean or cleaner if you wipe the outside of the chain down before the dirt gets ahead of you.
In a perfect world, chains would be like car engines with a way to get good oil inside where it's needed without spilling it all over the outside where it isn't. But life isn't perfect and we have to make do.
My bias is obvious, so I've kept this short and balanced. Use a few lubes according to how they're designed to be used, and stay with the one that gives you the best balance of properties according to your tastes.
Chain-L site
An ounce of diagnosis is worth a pound of cure.
Never argue with an idiot. He will only bring you down to his level and beat you with experience., George Carlin
One accurate measurement is worth a thousand expert opinions - Adm Grace Murray Hopper - USN
WARNING, I'm from New York. Thin skinned people should maintain safe distance.
I didn't understand why the one with the highest viscosity is said to have "Longest lasting performance in all conditions".
If we roll the clock back a few years to before I introduced Chain-L, lubes were getting thinner and thinner, and all marketing was focused on being clean. Then I brought out Chain-L and everybody else ignored it figuring I'd go away. But over time, the issue of better lubrication and longer life cycles began to come into the conversation, and we saw heavier offerings from the other players, with claims to be longest lasting. (hah!).
But it' not all that simple, because some lubes are solvent oil blends that seem thin, but thicken after the solvent evaporates.
As I said before, it's about balancing good lubrication against other issues. There's no arguing against better lubrication but the right lube depends on how much weight you assign to those other factors.
Chain-L site
An ounce of diagnosis is worth a pound of cure.
Never argue with an idiot. He will only bring you down to his level and beat you with experience., George Carlin
One accurate measurement is worth a thousand expert opinions - Adm Grace Murray Hopper - USN
WARNING, I'm from New York. Thin skinned people should maintain safe distance.
some home brews use STP which does a sticky thing
IDK what the tenacious ingredient is in Phil's maybe something like that ..
Chainsaw bar oil? IDK.. around here they use what came out of the truck at the last Oil change.
I have a drive train going on 5 years old that has seen plenty of abuse, yet not a single broken chain and very little wear. Before I started using this lube regularly I would replace drive train components at least once a year. I'm not sure if there is a correlation to be made, but as they say...'if'n it ain't broke...'
Last edited by Bandrada; 04-01-14 at 09:34 PM.
Nothing better than a good chain lube thread...
Thick oil is best, for a number of reasons. Chain L, Phil Tenacious and chainsaw bar oil are superior because they are thick and stay in place because of additives that make them 'sticky'.
Apply one of these oils and let them soak into the chain. Then, wipe all you can off the exterior. These oils and this technique will ensure that proper oil is where it needs to be and that very little is out gathering dirt.
I use Poulan bar oil. However, I recommend you use one of the other two I mentioned as they are thicker, stickier and more convenient than the Poulan. You can get them through Amazon and maybe your LBS.
I hope I don't seem too high-handed about this, but, I really do know a lot about this sort of thing. Perhaps because he sells Chain L and doesn't wish to seem self-serving, FBinNY holds back a little with his advice and recommendations. Listen to him; he know of what he speaks.
BTW: If you use one of these oils, you will not need to lube as often, your chain will run quietly and cleanly, shifting will remain smooth and the chain and sprockets will last a very long time.
Last edited by Joe Minton; 04-01-14 at 09:44 PM.
Living a fact-based life.
Nothing better than a good chain lube thread...
I mix my own with 10W30 semi synthetic and mineral spirits in a 2:1 ratio.
The solvent acts as a carrier for the oil and in this, I have used WD40 in place of the solvent since it is mostly solvent.
When people say a chain lasted 5 years that says nothing as a bike that does not go anywhere is not going to wear out... I was riding 10,000 miles a year in every kind of weather and swapping chains every 3000 - 4000 miles and typically refresh my lube every 300-500 miles (depending on conditions) or when things get so grimy that the bike needs a good clean up.
The semi synthetic is nice in colder temps as it gets less gummy.
My mix was Castrol Syntec semi synthetic, with "odorless" mineral spirits. I still use whatever left on some things around my property.
I tried that because I remember my old and rusty gate at my summer house. I was tired of that squeaky noise every time I was opening it, so I poured some regular motor oil on all hinges. I used that gate for another 5 or 6 years, it saw temperature 20F-100F, rain and snow, and it was super quiet for all these years.


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Metal Blade Records is proud to announce the worldwide, multi-album signing of Norwegian death metallers Execration! Stay tuned for more information coming soon!Read More
Denner / Shermann
To give fans a preview of the album, a new 90 second audio clip is now available at metalblade.com/dennershermann - where the first single, 'Angel's Blood', can also be streamed, and various pre-order bundles are available now!Read More
Great is Our Sin is slated for a July 22nd release date via Metal Blade Records. The first song from the album, entitled 'Communion', is available for streaming starting today.Read More
Jim Breuer
In anticipation of the release of their debut full-length, 'Songs from the Garage', Jim Breuer and The Loud and Rowdy have made the album available for pre-streaming via Pandora.Read More
Cattle Decapitation
After recently completing a European tour with Suffocation and Abiotic, Cattle Decapitation has returned home to release their new video for 'Clandestine Ways (Krokodil Rot)', from their latest album, 'The Anthropocene Extinction'.Read More
If These Trees Could Talk
On June 3rd, If These Trees Could Talk will release 'The Bones of a Dying World'. For a preview of the quintet's signature instrumental post-rock, head over to MetalSucks.net now where the new track, 'Berlin', is streaming.Read More
On June 24th, Whitechapel will release their sixth full-length, 'Mark of the Blade', worldwide via Metal Blade Records. For a preview of the album, the new single, 'The Void', is now streaming via Loudwire.comRead More
Mother Feather
New York City's self-described 'pop cock rock' band Mother Feather has premiered a new video for the track 'Mirror,' from the group's self-titled album out today via Metal Blade Records.Read More
New Releases
Upcoming Releases
Latest News
SECRETS OF THE SKY To Kick Off US Tour With North
- June 15th, 2015 – Band Undrapes "Fosforos" Video...Read More
Between the Buried and Me debut "Famine Wolf" from "Coma Ecliptic" on Metal Injection!
- June 10th, 2015 – Band to perform at Bonnaroo this weekend! June...Read More
ARMORED SAINT's New Album, "Win Hands Down", Debuts At #71 On Billboard Top Current 200 Chart
- June 10th, 2015 – Prepares For European Festivals "Win Hands...Read More
RIVERS OF NIHIL To Release Monarchy August 21st On Metal Blade Records
- June 10th, 2015 – First Single Streaming, Pre-Orders Available...Read More
The Black Dahlia Murder announce "Abysmal" and unveil cover art
- June 10th, 2015 – The Black Dahlia Murder have returned with the...Read More
Cannibal Corpse confirms Latin American tour with Testament!
- June 8th, 2015 – Cannibal Corpse have confirmed that they will be...Read More
GOATWHORE To Kick Off North American Live Takeover
- June 4th, 2015 – Revolver Contest Announced, Band To Collect...Read More
THEORIES: Pacific Northwest Death Grind Unit To Kick Off North American Live Takeover With Goatwhore, Ringworm, And Black Breath
- June 1st, 2015 – Regression Full-Length Out NOW! Pacific Northwest...Read More


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testing laboratory Companies in United Arab Emirates
Keyword: testing laboratory ×
Industry: Automobile & Ground Transport ×
Location: Asia & Middle East ×
Location: United Arab Emirates ×
Mettler - Toledo Int. Inc
based in Greifensee, SWITZERLAND
Manufactures a complete line of pH, Redox, and dissolved oxygen systems including sensors, stationary and retractable housings, microprocessor-based transmitters, and conductivity and turbidity systems as well as laboratory balances, titrators, density meters, UV/VIS Spectrophotometers, pH meters and pipettes — instruments which are used in research, scientific and ...
Advanced Test Equipment Rentals
based in San Diego, CALIFORNIA (USA)
Advanced Test Equipment Rentals (ATEC) supplies complete testing solutions for EMC, Electrical, Power Quality, Environmental and similar testing applications for the Defense, Aerospace, Medical and Telecom industries. Celebrating 31 years in business, ATEC takes pride in serving our customers with invaluable expertise and technical support.
Grabner Instruments Messtechnik GmbH
based in Wien, AUSTRIA
Grabner Instruments Messtechnik GmbH, a subsidiary of AMETEK, Inc. is known as one of the most innovative companies worldwide developing and manufacturing automatic petroleum testing equipment and biofuels testing equipment.
International Products Corporation
based in Burlington, NEW JERSEY (USA)
International Products Corporation manufactures a line of free-rinsing concentrated cleaners and P-80 temporary rubber assembly lubricants at their ISO:9001 Certified facility in Burlington, NJ. They are equipped with state-of-the-art manufacturing, packaging, and warehousing equipment, and their on-site laboratory is equipped for analytical work and continued development ...
Fluid Dynamics International Ltd
based in Maidenhead, UNITED KINGDOM
Fluid Dynamics is one of the UK most experienced water conditioning and hard water scale prevention product manufacturers. Established in 1973 The only water treatment company whose products have been tested and proved effective under the US Government`s Green Proving Ground Scheme. With over 200,000 clients ranging from Coca Cola to Unilever to the US Airforce, and ...
Inspectorate International Ltd
based in Houston, TEXAS (USA)
Inspectorate is a multinational group with capabilities in an extensive range of commodities, providing independent inspection, sampling and testing services 24 hours a day, 365 days of the year. Our network of laboratories, strategically located in key trading locations around the world, provide precision analytical testing to both internationally recognised standards ...
Quality Systems International (QSI)
based in Ramsey, NEW JERSEY (USA)
Quality Systems International (QSI) is a global leader of Laboratory Information Management Systems (LIMS) and related laboratory software and technologies. The company's flagship product, WinLIMS™, is one of the most powerful LIMS systems available that is ready to use, out-of-the-box. WinLIMS is used by leading companies and organizations throughout the world in their ...
based in SPAIN
European Safety Manufacturer with CE and EN. Own testing laboratory with 11/B certificate. Respiratory, Hearing, Ear, Head & Eye Safety Products. Half Masks -TPE, Silicone, Rubber, Filters for Half Masks, DIN Filters, Foldable Dust Mask, Active Carbon, With or without valve, Ear defenders, Earmuffs, Technical Spectacles -Prescription Spectacles, Welding - Foundry ...
Palas GmbH
based in Karlsruhe, GERMANY
Palas develops and builds fine dust monitoring devices, nanoparticle measurement systems, aerosol spectrometer systems, aerosol generators (for solid and liquid particles, dilution systems and filter (media) test systems. With more than 50 patents filed since 1983, Palas is continuously setting standards in the field of aerosol technology. Palas innovations result in ...
Leister Technologies LLC
based in Itasca, ILLINOIS (USA)
Leister Technologies, LLC opened in June of 2000. This U.S. facility supports the sales and service function for Leister's LASERSYSTEMS, Axetris MICROSYSTEMS , and Weldy product lines.Our modern laboratory has four laser systems for performing laser tests for North American customers. We also offer services for laser parameter profiling and provide installation ...


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The earth moved this week. Universes collided, cats and dogs — or more precisely, donkeys and elephants – became allies and as a result 300,000 Arizonans soon will find their lives vastly improved.
Fourteen Republicans defied their party leadership and risked their political careers, aligning themselves with Democrats and Gov. Jan Brewerto expand Medicaid and approve a budget that will boost public education and provide desperately needed funds to shore up Child Protective Services.
It was an astonishing sight to behold, a solid step forward for Arizona where suddenly a new set of rules is in play.
"This is a watershed, an absolute sea change event," said longtime lobbyist Kevin DeMenna. "For the first time we're back to eighth-grade civics where a majority of the body controls the body."
Gone – for now — is the day when the ideologues who dominate the Republican Party can dominate the Arizona Legislature.
But will it last?
That's largely up to voters – the ones who sit out primaries then wonder who elected these people.
A few observations about this startling week at the state Capitol:
– Credit to Brewer, who becomes only the second Republican governor to push Medicaid expansion through a Republican-dominated Legislature.
For five months, she has battled her own party to do the seemingly impossible and this week she staged a Capitol coup as stunned right wingers were left to ground their molars and mutter about treachery.
For her championing of abused children and her expansion of health-care for low-income Arizonans, Brewer has earned the L word: legacy.
– This could be the start of a new-world order at the state Capitol, one where moderate Republicans regularly break out of the basement to seize control. Even if détente is declared, though, their right-wing colleagues know that they no longer call all the shots.
That alone should change a few things.
– While moderate Republicans had a masterful week, they stumbled when they refused to answer questions from their more conservative colleagues during Wednesday's marathon session. Oh sure, those questions were more about staging theatrics and delaying the inevitable than about eliciting actual information. And yes, the irony was sweet, to watch the bitter complaints from legislators who themselves have gone subterranean when it suited them, tossing out the rules in order to pass budgets.
But transparency isn't just for windows. It should be not an inconvenient rule but an irrevocable commandment when it comes to doing the public's business.
– There will be hell to pay for this week's rebellion, if party operatives have anything to say about it.
In Republican Party circles, the prospect of adding 300,000 low-income Arizonans to the state's health-care plan for the poor is at apparently a catastrophe on par with the 2,042 Americans killed and 1,282 wounded at Pearl Harbor.
"The signs of this Arizona Day of Infamy were clearer than the signs that foretold the actions on December 7, 1941," wrote SeeingRedAz, the right-wing blog that railed at length on Thursday about "enemies domestic."
Party kooks are seething about "colluders" and "traitors" a k a the nine House Republicans and five Senate Republicans who joined with Democrats to grab $2 billion worth of federal funds so that 300,000 Arizonans can quit using emergency rooms as doctors' offices.
Democracy's a bitch, isn't it?
A big round of applause goes out to Rep. Heather Carter of Cave Creek who engineered this week's democratic revolution. Also, to Reps. Bob Robson of Chandler, Kate Brophy McGee of Phoenix, Jeff Dial of Chandler, Frank Pratt of Casa Grande, Doug Coleman of Apache Junction, Ethan Orr of Tucson, Doris Goodale of Kingman and T.J. Shope of Coolidge. Also, to Sens. Steve Pierce of Prescott, John McComish of Ahwatukee, Bob Worsley of Mesa, Rich Crandall of Mesa and Adam Driggs of Phoenix.
They will have targets on their backs in 2014. The question is, will voters who benefit from the courage of these 14 Republicans come out during next year's Republican primary to show their appreciation?
If not, then be prepared to bid goodbye to the people who showed us this week what statesmanship looks like, people who put what is good for Arizona above what is good for their own political careers.
People who, regardless of what happens in 2014, have left their mark.
"How you vote on this," Rep. J.D. Mesnard warned them this week, "will define you for the rest of your political career, and perhaps longer."
(Column published June 14, 2013, The Arizona Republic.)


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Passengers on Carnival's Spirit's April 21 cruise got an unexpected heat wave when the new ship's air conditioning broke down. The problem, according to Carnival sources, was ultimately found to be so complicated they canceled the cruise mid-way through. Passengers disembarked in Honolulu, where Carnival chipped in for hotel stays (three nights worth, not so chintzy), and gave them a 100 percent refund on the cruise as well as 50 percent off on another cruise.
Carnival flew in technicians to make the fix -- but the problem was so perplexing that the line ultimately had to cancel the May 3 trip. Carnival tried to get in touch with passengers (through travel agents where applicable); those who did not get the word before they left for Hawaii will be offered hotel stays, not to mention refunds and future discounts.
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Carnival Spirit Cruise Canceled
Carnival Spirit Cruise Canceled
May 2, 2002


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Police in 2 towns probe 3 robberies
Local police are investigating three separate robberies that happened Friday into Saturday, although it is unclear if the robberies are related.
Hanover Township police reported Friday night's first robbery, which happened at about 6:15 p.m. outside PNC Bank on Carey Avenue.
Police said a Wilkes-Barre man was robbed of his cellphone by two men with hand guns in the PNC Bank parking lot. According to police, the men then fled along Carey Avenue, disappearing behind the Turkey Hill.
More than four hours later, at about 10:30 p.m., Wilkes-Barre police responded to an armed robbery at a mini-mart at 532 Hazle St.
According to police, a male entered the store, displayed a pistol and demanded money from the register. Police said the victim complied and handed over the money while the suspect grabbed a pack of cigarettes and fled on foot.
Wilkes-Barre police said the suspect was wearing a gray sweatshirt with the hood pulled tightly around his face, along with blue jeans and white gloves.
Police said officers will review surveillance footage of the robbery.
Finally, at about 2:10 a.m. Saturday, police responded to a business at 349 E. Northampton St., where a man encountered two robbers as he was entering his vehicle.
Police said a male pointed a black handgun at the victim's head and demanded money. According to police, the suspects took cash and military identification that belonged to the victim.
According to police, the suspects fled east on East Northampton Street. Video footage is also being prepared in this robbery.
570-821-2117, @CVBufano
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2 Parks near Clarkesville, Georgia
Tallulah Falls, Georgia 11.06 miles NE
Toccoa, Georgia 11.86 miles SE
Lakemont, Georgia 11.96 miles NE
Robertstown, Georgia 14.16 miles NW
Clarkesville, Georgia (map) | (706) 947-3194
Sites: 54 | 6 Reviews
|Clean Restrooms:
|Clean Showers:
Nov 2014 - $0.00
Nice, smaller SP in the mtns of NE Georgia. Clean bathhouses with good hot water and pressure, nice assortment of products in the office for sale like shirts, hats, bait, general supplies. Trout fishing, nice stream and lake views. Paved roads with crush-n-run drives and all seemed to look level. No cell or internet service, would have been nice at times, but in the big picture you're not suppose to be inside anyway..... - gsc66
Apr 2010 - $28.00
This was our first camping trip in our new camper. We have a lot to learn but we really enjoyed this camp ground. It was well kept and the people in the office were very helpful and friendly. The only reason I did not give it a 10 was because the spot we had we could not get the full use of our awning because of a tree. We stayed for 3 nights and really enjoyed camping here and the trout fishing near by. - 1newcamper
Apr 2009 - $25.00
This is a nice small park. The sites are nice, but close together. This is not a park to go to if you want privacy. The restroom facilities were one of the nicest I've seen in my 20 years of camping. Also, had nice laundry facilities. The Park is on the edge of Lake Burton, which is very pretty, especially at dusk. Little bike riding opportunity within park - just one paved loop around the park. The GPS stated that the campground was on Hwy 97 coming from Clarkesville several miles before where the CG is actually located. Just something to be aware of if you use a GPS. - judeebug
Clarkesville, Georgia (map) | (706) 947-0162
Sites: 48 | Latest Rate: $33.00 | 9 Reviews
|Clean Restrooms:
|Clean Showers:
May 2014 - $33.00
Beautiful park, friendly owners, very relaxing park. Would give a 10 if there was cable, but I survived anyway. I would definitely return - sakery
Jun 2012 - $35.00
Sugar Mill Creek RV Resort offers a relaxing and welcoming stay to individuals and clubs. What you see is what you get, and a campfire is enjoyable in the evening. Sites are neat and spacious. The store is nicely stocked and the weekend music is usually enjoyable. The playground equipment is adequate. Phone service is spotty to nonexistent for some carriers. - spikedog
Jul 2011 - $38.00
We spent just one night here. It is a lovely site. The owners are very nice and accommodating. We would return here again. - bfield20


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We typically identify social enterprises for our portfolio in three ways:
1. National Social Enterprise Competitions
The large majority of social enterprises that enter our portfolio are identified through our national social enterprise competitions in our two regions of operation.
Currently open:
NESsT Peru – Innova Empresarial Postulación
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2. By referral
We welcome referrals from other social investors, donors and colleagues to high-impact social enterprises within our two regions of operation.
3. By invitation
Please understand that we do not accept unsolicited proposals or business plans seeking support.
However, if you are based in one of our two regions of operation and are seeking support to plan for, start up or expand a social enterprise that meets our general our investment criteria, please contact us. Please note that due to the large quantity of submissions we receive and our limited resources and capacity, you will not be contacted unless our portfolio team identifies your submission as a strong fit with our investment criteria.
If you do not meet our criteria, we encourage you to:
– make use of NESsT's research and tools for social enterprise development
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Share Your Story
Everyone Has a Story
Parish priests are there for the important moments in our lives. Read stories of parish priests who have touched the lives of others or share a story about what your parish priest means to you. It could be a story of the celebration of a sacrament or an example of how your parish priest was there for your family in an extraordinary way.


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PHILIDELPHIA, Penn. – Several Maine track and field athletes took part in the first day of the 2014 Penn Relays, held at Franklin Field in Philidelphia, Penn. Maine had senior Kelton Cullenberg and the women's 4x100 relay team kick off the three-day meet for the Black Bears
Cullenberg stole the show for Maine as he took second in a highly competitive field of over 30 entrants in the 5000-meter run (college division). Just one runner, Dickinson's Ryan Steinbock, bested Cullenberg as he clocked in with a time of 14:25.06. That time is a new personal record for the senior distance runner as his previous top-time of 14:25.72, set at the Duke invitational on April 5-6, 2013.
The only other Maine athletes competing on Thursday was Maine's 4x100 relay team. The squad of Ashten Hacket, Jaclyn Masters, Grace MacLean and Jessica McCarthy took 59th out of 100 teams. The squad clocked in with a time of 48.62 seconds. This mark tops the previous season-best time that the quartet set last weekend at Holy Cross, as they recorded a final time of 48.90 seconds. Texas A&M's squad of Jennifer Madu, Ashton Purvis, Kamaria Brown and Olivia Ekpone took top-honors in the event with a mark of 44.09.
The Black Bears will continue at the Penn Relays tomorrow as Brian Woodbury (shot put) Justin Gagne (shot put/discus) and the women's 4x200 team will be in action with more events for the Black Bears on Saturday.


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Local Valentine's Day dining specials
BASIC Urban Kitchen + Bar: The East Village hot spot will host its third annual "Love Sucks" party all night, with drink specials from 6 to 9 p.m. Go to barbasic.com or call 619-531-8869.
Bernardo Winery: The Rancho Bernardo winery will host "Vino Valentino" at 6 p.m. Feb. 13; the evening will feature wines and champagnes, a dinner menu and desserts, as well as dancing, music and a chance to renew marriage vows. Tickets are $125 per couple by Saturday and $140 per person after; call 858-487-1866.
Cafe Sevilla: The downtown restaurant will have a full weekend of specials, starting with a Gypsy Fusion Dinner Show at 7 p.m. Feb. 13 for $59 per person. The evening includes a four-course Valentine's menu. On Feb. 14, there will be a five-course Valentine's menu with five seatings (4, 6:15 and 8:15 p.m. in the main dining room; 5 and 7:30 p.m. in the club for a flamenco show) for $69 per person. The menu includes a Duet Of Portobello Mushroom Ravioli And Sea Scallops, Mediterranean Salad, Paella San Valentin and a Heart-Shaped Cupidon Cake for two. Go to www.cafesevilla.com or call 619-233-5979.
The Edge Restaurant & Lounge: The Temecula restaurant will host a four-course dinner on Feb. 13 and 14 for $75, or $110 with wine pairings. Menu items include Slow Roasted Long Island Duck Soup, Pistachio Crusted Local Halibut and Fallen Bittersweet Chocolate Souffle. Every woman will get a rose; go to www.edgelounge.com or call 951-506-3343.
Falkner Winery: The Pinnacle Restaurant at Falkner Winery in Temecula will host wine dinners at 7 p.m. Feb. 13 and 5:30 and 8 p.m. Feb. 14. Menu items include Crab Bisque With Sherry And Garlic Croutons; Filet Mignon With Goat Cheese Mashed Potatoes, Asparagus And Tarragon Shallot Butter; and Kahlua Chocolate Decadence Cake With White Anglaise Sauce. Dinner is $79 per person.
A Valentine's lunch special menu from Feb. 12-15 costs $50 for a couple, and includes a shared appetizer or salad, individual entrees and a shared dessert. Regular menu also available. Go to www.falknerwinery.com or call 951-676-8231, ext. 1.
George's at the Cove: George's California Modern is offering a three-course dinner for $55 per person and a four-course dinner for $65 per person. Items include Chef Trey Foshee's "fish tacos" (raw yellowfin tuna and fried avocado, and fresh sardines with prosciutto), Maine lobster seafood stew, prosciutto-wrapped local swordfish, warm apple tart with cheddar crumble and brown sugar cake with ginger poached persimmons and coconut sorbet.
Ocean Terrace will host a three-course dinner for $45, with selections including sweet potato soup, Asian marinated skirt steak, garlic roasted shrimp with chorizo and piquillo pepper ricotta, and warm chocolate cake with butterscotch ice cream. Also, George's bar on the mid-level will offer special cocktails. Go to www.georgesatthecove.com or call 858-454-4244.
The Grand Del Mar: The Carmel Valley resort has five options for Valentine's Day weekend. The Lobby Lounge will host a three-wine, three-chocolate tasting at 4 p.m. Feb. 13 for $25. It will also have music and romance-inspired cocktails from 7 to 10 p.m. Feb. 10-13 (available from 2 to 10 p.m. through February); cocktails include "Another Day in Paradise," "Love 'n' Honey" and sparkling red wine paired with Chocolate Strawberry Decadence. Le Salon will serve small bites and specialty cocktails from 5:30 to 9 p.m. Feb. 9-13. Addison will have a six-course dinner from 5:30 to 10 p.m. Feb. 14 for $125 per person ($185 with wine pairings); menu includes Baby Sea Scallops, Calamari, Sorrel and Uni; Butter Baked Salmon; and Honey Comb Gelato; call 858-314-1900. Amaya will host a four-course meal from 5:30 to 10 p.m. Feb. 14 for $110 per person ($155 with wines); options include Winter Mushroom Consomme and Truffle Ravioli; Seared Sea Bass; Seared Duck Breast; call 858-314-2727.