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When criminals break the law and are caught, they're prosecuted and punished. But what happens when prosecutors break the rules? In the case of one federal prosecutor in Boston: apparently not much.
In a three-part series in February, we reported the case of Assistant U.S. Attorney Jeffrey Auerhahn, who was found by two courts to have withheld evidence that could have cleared the defendant of murder. Auerhahn knew his chief witness was lying — the witness's own admission — but covered it up.
Legal experts and critics see Auerhahn's misconduct as part of an trend among federal prosecutors that has led to led to a number of high-profile cases being thrown out, including the conviction of former Alaska Sen. Ted Stevens. As a disciplinary proceeding finally moves forward Thursday, we take another look at what is called part of a national scandal.
"If a criminal defense lawyer, for example, did what this prosecutor is charged with having done, he would have been disbarred by now."
Professor Monroe Freedman of Hofstra University is talking about local federal prosecutor Jeffrey Auerhahn.
Freedman is widely recognized as the nation's preeminent authority on legal ethics. He's often called a prophet. Auerhahn is recognized by some as a symbol of what has gone wrong with the system of holding federal prosecutors to account.
Seven years ago, Auerhahn came under the spotlight of a federal judge here in Boston, Mark Wolf. Wolf ruled that Auerhahn had deliberately withheld evidence that would have helped clear a defendant of a murder. The judge accused Auerhahn of engaging in a massive cover-up.
Indeed, in 2005, a higher court, the Court of Appeals, condemned Auerhahn's actions as "outrageous", "manipulative" and "a grim picture of blatant misconduct."
Yet seven years after Wolf's ruling, and four years after the Court of Appeals ruling, Auerhahn's still on the job as a front-line prosecutor. Indeed, he is now a prosecutor with the prestigious anti-terrorism unit, where he's currently the lead prosecutor against a woman connected to the Rwandan genocide. She is charged with making false statements, the same thing two courts have accused Auerhahn of doing.
What has not happened to Auerhahn is all too common, Freedman says. "This general failure to discipline prosecutors who are guilty of seriously unethical and unconstitutional conduct is one of the great scandals of the legal profession."
Freedman cites a study that found that 100 state and federal prosecutors had been disciplined over the course of 100 years. And on those rare occasions when prosecutors are disciplined, it's usually for felonies, like embezzlement and bribery.
Indeed, Freedman says, the chances of a prosecutor being punished for smoking pot are far greater than for hiding evidence and using false testimony. When I laugh and say that's unbelievable, he says, "I wish it were unbelievable, but it's all too believable."
Freedman says: "In the face of numerous studies and complaints, serious ethical violations are rarely disciplined. There is no excuse. There is no justification for it."
On Thursday, a panel of three judges will take up the matter of possible disciplinary action against Auerhahn in federal court. But there's no wonder why legal experts say "don't hold your breath."
The Lying Witness
"Why did you lie when you testified for the government?" I ask of Walter Jordan. I have been talking to him back and forth on his travels to safety for seven years now.
"To stay out of prison," he replies. "Vinnie was a get out of jail free card."
Walter Anthony Jordan was Auerhahn's key witness against Mafia caporegime Vincent Ferrara, and Ferrara was Auerhahn's key target back on the Organized Crime Task Force in 1990. Ferrara, better known to the feds as "Vinnie The Animal," was an upcoming leader of the downgoing mob; the feds understandably wanted to take him off the streets.
Jordan was Auerhahn's only witness to a crime that could put Ferrara away for a long stretch of time. It was a murder in the North End that had been committed by Jordan's close associate — while Jordan was in attendance.
"And so you testified that Vinnie ordered a murder?" I ask.
"Yes I did," Jordan replies. "But I testified and they knew, Jeff (Auerhahn) knew, that I was lying. "
"And how did he know you were lying?" I ask.
"Because I told him so."
Jordan says he told that to Auerhahn as the prosecutor was preparing to go to trial in 1991. More importantly, as it turned out, Jordan also admitted that to a Boston police detective who worked alongside Auerhahn. And the detective wrote a report and filed it with Auerhahn.
When Jordan recanted his story, Auerhahn had a problem. He had a Constitutional duty — mandated by the Supreme Court in what's called the Brady decision — to turn over the exculpatory evidence to the defense. And what is exculpatory if not the evidence your witness says at one point or another he has been lying?
But Auerhahn's case against Ferrara for that one murder rested solely on Jordan's testimony that Ferrara ordered it. If he turned over the evidence, it would have wiped out the murder charge. Auerhahn didn't do it. Instead, Jordan says, Auerhahn and his FBI agent scared him into sticking with his original story.
"Listen," he says, his voice taking direct aim. "All they wanted was Vinnie. I mean it was Vinnie, Vinnie, Vinnie the whole time," Jordan says.
"That was my ticket to freedom. Was Vinnie. If I didn't say Vinnie ordered it, I was going to prison for the rest of my life, state time and federal time."
So that's what he did. Ferrara went to prison, with an extra stretch for the murder. And Jordan went into witness protection. Today, he's out of witness protection but still in seclusion, in fear that either the Mafia or government agents are going to find him and kill him. After all, he adds, both sides consider him a rat.
The chances of a prosecutor being punished for smoking pot are far greater than for hiding evidence.
Jordan's full story spilled out into the courtroom of Judge Mark Wolf in 2003. The dramatic turning point came when that Boston police detective, who had filed a report back in 1991, corroborated Jordan's story.
Wolf accused Auerhahn of perjury, fabricating evidence and perpetrating a fraud upon the court.
"There are corrupt prosecutors, but you just never expect it," observes defense attorney Bernie Grossberg. He's one of the attorneys Auerhahn made sure didn't get the exculpatory evidence of Jordan's recantation back in the 90s.
"You never ever, ever expect a prosecutor, a fellow attorney, to do what Auerhahn's accused of doing," Grossberg says.
To undo Auerhahn's damage, Judge Wolf ruled, he had no choice but to free Ferrara and another man from prison. Reversing convictions and vacating prison sentences have become more common as high-profile cases of misconduct come to light nationally. But Auerhahn and most of the other prosecutors almost always get to keep their jobs without serious punishment.
Stephen Gillers of the NYU School of Law is another, nationally recognized expert on legal ethics. "Looking at it through the best possible light," he says, "Auerhahn is a threat to the Justice Department."
Judge Wolf wanted to punish Auerhahn. But the U.S. attorney here in Boston at the time, Michael Sullivan, acted to forestall the judge by sending the matter to Washington to be investigated by the Department of Justice. But "no one should rely on that office for the discipline of federal prosecutors or Justice Department lawyers," says Gillers.
Critics sometimes call the Office of Professional Responsibility, or OPR, "The Roach Motel" — things go in and never come out. In the case of Auerhahn, OPR made a watered-down finding of misconduct, then gave him a private letter of reprimand. OPR even hid the letter from Judge Wolf. And remember, Wolf is the chief judge of the District Court.
"Would any private person use Auerhahn as their lawyer going into court given these critiques of his credibility?" Gillers asks. "I doubt it very much. And yet here is the Department of Justice keeping him on the payroll."
When Judge Wolf discovered in 2007 what the Department of Justice had kept from him since 2005, he turned to the local disciplinary authority for the punishment he thought Auerhahn deserved. But it took the Office of Bar Counsel another two years to file a petition for discipline.
Meanwhile, Auerhahn continued to have the support of the U.S. Attorney's Office in Boston. U.S. Attorney Sullivan praised Auerhahn in public, even though he had privately signed a letter of reprimand, slap on the wrist though it might have been.
Then, in 2009, after a new president named a new U.S. attorney and Carmen Ortiz was installed here in Boston, she chose to keep Auerhahn as a front-line prosecutor rather than re-assign him and send a message.
"She could have transferred him to the civil division, which is Siberia for criminal prosecutors," according to Gillers, who says she should have. As the top prosecutor here, Ortiz should be answerable for her actions, he emphasizes.
When we called the U.S. attorney to ask why she chose not to reassign Auerhahn given the findings by two federal courts while she was a federal prosecutor in the same building, Ortiz declined comment.
She cited "the pending proceedings." But in truth the proceedings have been pending for eight years now.
Professor Gillers professes to be perplexed by it all, that nothing seems to have happened yet despite the court findings, despite a new U.S. attorney, despite the problems posed by a prosecutor appearing before judges who know of his history.
"It's not good for the credibility of the federal courts that this is happening."
When the federal judges take up the issue of Auerhahn on Thursday, it will be the first time they have met in nearly a year, having kicked the final resolution of the Auerhahn case still farther down the road.
No wonder one defense attorney observes that to be a federal prosecutor means never having to say you're sorry.
Revisit any story in this series and explore the interactive features on our series page.


text:
M.C. Escher (artist)
Dutch, 1898 - 1972
Contrast (Order and Chaos), 1950
sheet: 36.9 x 37.4 cm (14 1/2 x 14 3/4 in.)
Bool 1981, no. 366
Gift of Dr. and Mrs. Julius S. Piver
All M.C. Escher works © Cordon Art-Baarn-the Netherlands. Used by permission. All rights reserved.
Not on View
Object 21 of 24
Escher described this print as a symbol of order and chaos: order represented by the polyhedron and the translucent sphere; chaos depicted by the surrounding broken and crumpled cast-off objects of daily life. The artist believed the polyhedron (a solid figure with many sides) symbolized beauty, order, and harmony in the universe. Yet, he rendered chaos with equal care, as in the exquisitely drawn sardine can at upper left.
|back to gallery
|continue tour

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Brad Pitt's Fit
Watch Brad Pitt laugh for three minutes straight. Watch »
The Fass Talks Penises
Michael Fassbender identifies celebrity penises. Watch »
Toddler Sings Adele
She gets an A for effort! Watch »
From the opening line of "Mouses have wee-wees," you know you are in for a real treat.
Brought to you by the awesome folks a Bad Lip Reading, this video makes you see Edward and Bella in a whole new hilarious light.
Watch and have a good laugh.


text: Home > Medical > Meds and you > Medication Updated 11 February 2013 Aspirin Aspirin is used for the relief of mild to moderate pain (like headache, migraine, sore throat, muscular pain and menstrual pain), to reduce fever, and to reduce inflammation. 2 Test Using the wrong pills? » Quiz Addicted to pills? » Original vs generic medicine Brand-name vs generics Aspirin (also known as acetylsalicylic acid) is the active ingredient of Bayer Aspirin Cardio 100, Bayer Aspirin, Be-Tabs Aspirin, Disprin CV 100, Disprin, Ecotrin, Lo-Aspirin and Myoprin. Aspirin is also one of multiple active ingredients found in Asasantin, Bayer Aspirin Plus C, Compral, Corenza C, Coryx, Disprin Plus, Doloxene Co-65, Dristan, Robaxisal and Tenston. General information Aspirin is used for the relief of mild to moderate pain (like headache, migraine, sore throat, muscular pain and menstrual pain), to reduce fever, and to reduce inflammation. It also has a thinning effect on blood and is used in low doses to prevent blood clots, thereby reducing the risk of stroke and heart attacks. Aspirin may cause indigestion, irritation of the stomach lining, gastric ulcers or even bleeding. The dispersible or enteric coated forms of aspirin helps to reduce these adverse effects. It is advised that aspirin should be taken after a meal to reduce its irritant effect on the stomach. It should not be used in combination with alcohol as this may increase the occurrence of gastric side effects. It should be avoided in asthmatics, as it may trigger an attack. Aspirin should not be used by children under the age of 16 (with the exception of juvenile chronic arthritis - arthritis in children, that has been present for at least 3 months, and for which no other cause is obvious), because it may cause Rye's syndrome, a rare but potential fatal illness involving the brain and liver. It should furthermore be avoided if you have gout, as aspirin increases uric acid - a metabolic waste product that may form crystal deposits in tissue, often in and around joints - and inhibits the metabolism thereof. Aspirin should not be taken in doses larger than those recommended and should not be taken more often than every 4 hours. How does aspirin work? Aspirin blocks the production of chemicals responsible for pain, swelling and inflammation. Fast facts Drug schedule: Schedule 2 Available as: Tablets, effervescent tablets What does it do? Aspirin reduce pain, fever and inflammation Overdose risk: High Dependence risk: Low Available as a generic? Yes Available on prescription only? No User information Onset of effect: Within 60 minutes. Duration of action: Up to 12 hours; blood thinning effect lasts for several days. Dietary advice: Aspirin should always be taken with or immediately after food, even if you are taking an enteric coated tablet. Stopping this medicine: If your doctor prescribed aspirin to thin your blood, you should consult your prescriber before discontinuing use. If used over-the-counter for pain, fever or inflammation, you can stop using it when it is no longer needed. Prolonged use: Only low doses - primarily for the blood-thinning effect - should be used for prolonged periods. Larger doses should not be taken for longer than 2 days without consulting your doctor. Special precautions Alert your doctor before using this drug if: you have asthma, you are younger than 16, you have nasal polyps, you have a history of allergic reaction to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, you are taking warfarin or have a bleeding disorder, you are dehydrated, you have a stomach or duodenal ulcer, you suffer from gout, you are about to have surgery, or you are taking any other medication. Pregnancy: Avoid. Potential risk to the foetus has been reported. Consult your doctor before use, or if you are planning to fall pregnant. Breastfeeding: Avoid. This medication is passed through breast milk and may affect your baby adversely. Consult your doctor before use. Porphyria: This medication is safe to use. Infants and children: This medication is not intended for use in children. Elderly: Caution is advised in the elderly as adverse effects are more likely. Driving and hazardous work: No special precautions need be taken. Alcohol: Avoid concomitant use of alcohol as alcohol may exacerbate gastrointestinal symptoms. Possible side effects Side effect Frequency Consult your doctor Common Rare Only if severe In all cases Heartburn x x Indigestion x x Stomach pain x x Nausea x x Skin rash/ itch x x Insomnia x x Wheezing/ tight chest x x Weakness x x Dark tarry stools x x Blood in vomit x x Ringing in ears x x Redness of face x x Swelling of face, lips or eyelids x x Interactions: Drug interactions: Antacids and urinary alkalisers Reduced effect of aspirin Alcohol Potential gastrointestinal symptoms Warfarin and other anticoagulants Risk of bleeding Drugs used in treating epilepsy, including phenytoin and valproic acid Increased risk of toxicity with anti-epileptic. Bleeding may occur in some cases, Corticosteroids Potential gastrointestinal symptoms Blood glucose lowering drugs Enhanced blood sugar lowering effect Diuretics including spirinolactone and furosemide Decreased response to diuretic Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) Potential gastrointestinal symptoms Probenecid Effect of probenecid lowered Disease interactions Consult your doctor before using this drug if you have asthma, are younger than 16, have nasal polyps, a bleeding disorder, a stomach or duodenal ulcer, gout or if you are scheduled to have surgery. Overdose action An overdose can be fatal. Seek immediate emergency medical attention. Recommended dosage Adults: 300-900mg every 4-6 hours (up to 5.4g/day). This material is not intended to substitute medical advice, but is for informational purposes only. Please consult a physician for specific treatment and recommendations. More in Medical First ARVs from state-owned pharmaceutical company expected by 2017 More: Meds and youMedication advertisement Read Health24's Comments Policy Comment on this story 2 comments Comments have been closed for this article. Logout Comment 0 characters remaining Share on Facebook Loading comments... Other news Lifestyle Why ecstasy is making a comeback among youth Fitness Obsession with body-building supplements can be a sign of bigorexia Medical 8 things you should know about sinusitis Medical Healthy habits may be key to improving ADHD Medical More ART coverage in Africa but HIV prevention lags behind Medical The most important thing South Africans should know about superbugs From our sponsors Insulin saves lives. Why don't people with diabetes use it? Cipla Nutrition- Dummies Guide to Enduro Prep 4 clever ways to stay active this winter Key signs you need a change in diet Live healthier PMS, depression & suicide » Don't let PMS get you down Symptoms of PMS Diagnosing PMS The link between PMS, depression and suicidal thoughts The symptoms of premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) are similar to those of PMS, but generally more severe – and could include depression and even thoughts of suicide. A vegan marathon runner » Comrades: don't run if you're ill Fuel your body for the Comrades Running the Comrades Marathon on a vegan diet Donovan Will, who is training to run the Comrades Marathon, speaks to Health24 about his plant based diet and fears of getting injured ahead of the big race.


text:
I've used the supplied javascript to customize the .MSI for the Outlook connector with our server name. When Installed interactively by an administrative user the customized connector does populate the server name and select SSL as expected. However, if a different user logs into the computer and sets up Outlook with the Zimbra connector, or if I deploy the connector through group policy to machines; the server name is not populated. Is this a bug or expected behavior?
I'm using 5.0.11 version of the connector.


text:
Naharnet Newsdesk
"Maharat" and the "Censorship Observatory "will be holding a press conference Thursday to launch a draft law on "Freedom of Cinematographic works" and to legally study the Censorship law.
The conference aims to inform the public opinion on the content of the study and the draft law, as well as to hold a public debate on the reality of censorship on Lebanon and the need to put appropriate legislations which would give freedom for Film work in Lebanon.
Journalist Pierre Abi Saab will present the censorship dilemma as well as the aspirations, while Hanan Hajj will talk on behalf of the Censorship Observatory, and Aline Farah on behalf of "Maharat."
This conference comes as a result of cooperation between the two organizations in order to expand the discussion on the censorship draft law and to advocate its adoption in the Parliament at a later stage.


text:
Intermodal leads the way for June 2013 volumes, says AAR
July 10, 2013
The theme of mixed volumes remains intact based on data released by the Association of American Railroads (AAR) for the month of June.
June carloads—at 1,136,719—were down 0.3 percent—or 3,819 carloads annually, according to the AAR. And ten of the 20 commodity categories the AAR monitors saw annual gains, with petroleum and petroleum products up 31.7 percent—or 13,329 carloads—and crushed stone, gravel, and sand up 12 percent—or 9,293 carloads.
Intermodal loadings in June continued their strong momentum at 1,009,387 trailers and containers, which represent a 1.3 percent—or 13,393 units—increase. The AAR said the weekly intermodal average of 252,347 in June now stands as the single highest weekly intermodal average for any month in history.
"Intermodal rose in June for the 43rd consecutive month, setting a new volume record in the process," said John Gray, AAR's Senior Vice President of Policy and Economics, in a statement. "Generally, the fall is the peak period for intermodal, so it wouldn't be surprising if further intermodal records were set in the months ahead. Large declines in grain and coal held down June carloads, but some of the more economically-sensitive commodities like autos and crushed stone were up for the month."
The surge in intermodal is not entirely surprising, given the years-long trend of domestic freight converting from truck trailers to containers on rail; truck trailers can be double-stacked, which makes them more cost-efficient and effective.
While it has been largely noted that domestic intermodal gains have occurred due to lower fuel costs, improving service, and major investments into rail networks, among others, it clear that intermodal is taking share from over the road trucking and will continue to be an area of secular growth for railroads.
But while the growth rates are impressive, industry experts maintain that these strong domestic container intermodal volumes are due in large part to freight coming out of intermodal trailers into trailers or from one box to another, coupled with the fact that the gross number of intermodal loadings—both domestic and container—were higher in 2006 than in 2012 as was gross GDP and industrial production.
What's more, during that same period the number of truckloads moved and truck tonnage volume is larger than intermodal.
Brooks Bentz, a partner in Accenture's supply chain practice, recently told LM that rail carload, coupled with intermodal, is a powerful alternative to over-the-road trucking, given the issues of congestion, infrastructure condition, capacity, as well as the cost of fuel.
And Tony Hatch, principal of ABH Consulting, explained that intermodal "is in the early-middle innings of a secular shift from truck to rail, as evidenced by domestic containers' growth performance from the Great Recession through today."
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text:
Heather Marter, Dustin Zito, Tyler Baltierra and Catelynn Lowell on the set of VH1's "Couples Therapy"
By Lilit Marcus
Season 3 of "Couples Therapy," featuring four former MTV stars, starts tonight at 10/9c on VH1, and while we're banking on series staples like intense therapy sessions, shouting matches and buckets of tears, we can't help but wonder what issues might come to light for Heather Marter, Dustin Zito, Tyler Baltierra and Catelynn Lowell. After watching the trailer below, we noticed a few familiar points of contention that seem to remain unresolved for our "Teen Mom" and "Real World" casties. Here are some things we're expecting to see as these young adults work on healing their relationships:
Dustin's gay porn past
The first words we hear from Dustin in the video are, "I was in the porn industry." Might as well hit the ground running. While he was open with Heather about it (after she found out from her own mother!) during "Real World: Las Vegas," Dustin's ability to talk comfortably about his ex-career has clearly evolved over time. However, despite the strides he's taken in working through his demons (and the fact that D&H claimed to have moved past it after "Battle of the Exes") it's clearly still a sore spot for the couple.
Catelynn and Tyler's daughter
Though Catelynn and Tyler aren't raising any children right now, the "Teen Mom" affiliation is something that'll stay with them forever — even "Girls Gone Wild" creator (and fellow "Couples" cast mate) Joe Francis tells Cate straight up, "I'm going to call you 'Teen Mom.' That's your name." (Back off our girl, Joe!) The moment these two chose to make an adoption plan was one of the most tear-jerking in MTV history, and though they currently have a great relationship with Carly and her adoptive parents, the pair will always wonder what life would have been like had they made a different decision. Expect that story to come up — and make sure you have tissues nearby when it does.
Heather's amazing facial reactions
On a lighter note, Heather Marter has one of the best bitch faces we've ever seen (second only to Sadie Saxton, of course) and she could always be counted on for a well-placed stink-eye every time one of her housemates did something crazy in Vegas. Considering she's about to become housemates with Flavor Flav, we think her reaction shots are about to see a major renaissance.
Catelynn and Tyler's wedding
It's well known that the "Teen Mom" power couple is engaged and planning their nuptials for later this year. However, Tyler's doubts are apparent in the trailer, and he admits to his fiancée, "I don't know if I'm ready to be married…that's why we're here." Heavy stuff. To say they've been through a lot over the years is an understatement, but they're still young, and it's not a surprise they're still experiencing some growing pains.
+ Will you watch "Couples Therapy"? Check out the trailer, and tell us what you think of these MTV cast members being part of the show.
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Photos: VH1


text:
Subject: [OMPI users] RETRY EXCEEDED ERROR status number 12
From: Prentice Bisbal (prentice_at_[hidden])
Date: 2009-08-21 14:42:38
Several jobs on my cluster just died with the error below.
Are there any IB/Open MPI diagnostics I should use to diagnose, should I
just reboot the nodes, or should I have the user who submitted these
jobs just increase the retry count/timeout paramters?
from node14.aurora to: node40.aurora error polling HP CQ with status
RETRY EXCEEDED ERROR status number 12 for wr_id 13606831800 opcode 11119
The InfiniBand retry count between two MPI processes has been
exceeded. "Retry count" is defined in the InfiniBand spec 1.2
(section 12.7.38):
The total number of times that the sender wishes the receiver to
retry timeout, packet sequence, etc. errors before posting a
completion error.
This error typically means that there is something awry within the
InfiniBand fabric itself. You should note the hosts on which this
error has occurred; it has been observed that rebooting or removing a
particular host from the job can sometimes resolve this issue.
Two MCA parameters can be used to control Open MPI's behavior with
respect to the retry count:
* btl_openib_ib_retry_count - The number of times the sender will
attempt to retry (defaulted to 7, the maximum value).
* btl_openib_ib_timeout - The local ACK timeout parameter (defaulted
to 10). The actual timeout value used is calculated as:
4.096 microseconds * (2^btl_openib_ib_timeout)
See the InfiniBand spec 1.2 (section 12.7.34) for more details.
Prentice Bisbal
Linux Software Support Specialist/System Administrator
School of Natural Sciences
Institute for Advanced Study
Princeton, NJ


text:
אנחנו בפייסבוק
West Bank Tanzim leader, jailed in Israel after being captured by IDF in 2002, wins Ramallah region primaries with 96 percent of vote, may win top spot on Fatah list ahead of general elections; Foreign Minister Shalom says Barghouti will never be released
Ali Waked
Latest Update: 11.26.05, 16:13 / Israel News
Ali Waked
Marwan Barghouti, the Tanzim leader jailed in Israel, scored an impressive victory in the Fatah's Ramallah region primaries, winning 96 percent of the vote and beating out 44 other candidates.
In response, Meretz Chairman Yossi Beilin called Saturday for Barghouti to be released from prison.
According to Beilin, the victory of Fatah's younger generation is important for the Palestinian Authority's democratization process.
"Barghouti heads one of the Palestinian camps that do want peace and so this is the moment to end his sentence and allow him to lead the Palestinian nation, in preparation for an historical peace agreement with Israel," he said.
Commenting on Beilin's remarks, Foreign Minister Silvan Shalom said that Israel would never release Barghouti from prison.
"We must not forget that he is a cold-blooded murderer who was sentenced by the court to five life sentences," he said.
Jail for life
The primaries were held only in the West Bank Friday, after the Palestinian Authority decided to put off the vote in Gaza for fear of violent clashes.
The primaries were held against a backdrop of speculation that general elections in the PA will be postponed, but Palestinian leader Mahmoud Abbas issued a presidential decree recently ordering the elections to be held on the scheduled date, January 25.
Attila Somfalvi and Roee Nahmias contributed to the report


text:
An older gentleman was reading a newspaper and sitting next to me at Starbucks, where I was waiting for my student, and he suddenly turns to me and asks, "Do you watch a lot of TV?"
"Uh, yeah, I guess?" I shrugged, because, well, I do, but mostly on Netflix.
"Have you ever watched 'Justified'?" He looked eagerly anticipatory…like asking me about my favorite band.
"Yeah, a few times."
"Did you like it? I dunno if kids your age like it." At this, he looked at the counter, then his feet, as if he was unsure of my age, and didn't want to offend me.
"Yeah, I liked it, but I don't have cable any more, soo…" I trailed off, shrugging.
"Oh, that's a shame. My Tuesday nights are reserved for 'Justified.' There's not a lot worth watching on TV these days, but that is just a great show." As he spoke, he had a look of pure joy on his face, the corners of his eyes crinkling even as they opened wider to accentuate certain words.
"I have some friends who like it…I mean, we're in our late 20s and early 30s, and it seems pretty popular from what I can tell. I just don't have FX, so I never watch it. I think I have Season 1 lying around somewhere on DVD, though." I commenced to babbling a bit, because it was just fascinating watching him listen.
I watched him look my face over, take in my ponytail through the back of my cap (with streaks of blue in the red), trying to guess my age. He sat for a few seconds, silent, then nodded.
"I just enjoy it a lot. That's just a great show…I'm sorry for just interrupting you like that, but I saw something about it in the paper, and I wanted to know if you'd heard of it." He gestured to the Entertainment section of the local paper as he said this, rattling and straightening it so that I could see that, indeed, this was not a random thought that just popped into his head.
He then began talking about singers (I was singing along with Sinatra standards while waiting, so I think he felt he could talk to me because of that?) and mentioned he was going to see an older jazz singer. He said, "He's older than *I* am, even…heh…he's 72…I'm 61…so, you know…"
This man did not look a day over 45.
I told him as much, and he blushed and told me thanks, and then proceeded to hum along to the songs playing while glancing at me occasionally from his newspaper. I kept singing, because why not? I enjoy some standards, and I was in the corner where no one could hear me except him.
About 10 minutes later, he left abruptly (I believe he wanted to get home in time to catch his favorite show), not saying a word to me in the process. He glanced back quickly and hesitated, but then continued quickly to the door.
Random encounters are sometimes the most amusing, don'tcha think?


text:
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text:
3.3 Designing Data Types
This section under major construction.
Designing data types
- Designing APIs
- Encapsulation (use private for information hiding)
- Immutability (use final to to help enforce)
- Design-by-contract (use assert to check pre-conditions and post-conditions)
Theme = limit what you, the programmer, can do. Emphasize encapsulation and immutability.
Designing APIs.Often the most important and most challenging step in building software is designing the APIs. In many ways, designing good programs is more challenging that writing the code itself. Takes practice, careful deliberation, and many iterations.
- Specification problem. Document the API in English. Clearly articulate behavior for all possible inputs, including side effects. "Write to specification." Difficult problem. Many bugs introduced because programmer didn't correctly understand description of API. See booksite for information on automatic documentation using Javadoc.
- Wide interfaces.
"API should do one thing and do it well."
"APIs should be as small as possible, but no smaller."
"When in doubt, leave it out." (It's easy to add methods to an existing API,
but you can never remove them without breaking existing clients.)
APIs with lots of bloat are known as wide interfaces.
Supply all necessary operations, but no more.
Try to make methods orthogonal in functionality.
No need for a method in Complex
that adds three complex numbers since there is a method that adds two.
The Math library includes methods for sin(), cos(),
and tan(), but not sec().
Java libraries tend to have wide interfaces (some designed by pros, some by committee). Sometimes this seems to be the right thing, e.g., String. Although, sometimes you end up with poorly designed APIs that you have to live with forever.
- Deprecated methods.
Sometimes you end up with deprecated methods that are no longer
fully supported, but you still need to keep
them or break backward compatibility.
Once Java included a method Character.isSpace(), programmers
wrote programs that relied on its behavior. Later, they wanted
to change the method to support additional Unicode whitespace characters.
Can't change the behavior of isSpace() or that would break
many programs.
Instead, add a new method Character.isWhiteSpace() and "deprecate"
the old method. The API is now more confusing than needed.
Almost all methods in java.util.Date. are deprecated in favor of java.util.GregorianCalendar.
Backward compatibility. The need for backward compatibility shapes much of the way things are done today (from operating systems to programming languages to ...). [Insert a story.]
Standards. It is easy to understand why writing to an API is so important by considering other domains. Fax machines, radio, MPEG-4, MP3 files, PDF files, HTML, etc. Simpler to use a common standard. Lack of incompatibilities enables business opportunities that would otherwise be impossible. One of the challenges of writing software is making it portable so that it works on a variety of operating systems including Windows, OS X, and Linux. Java Virtual Machine enables portability of Java across platforms.
Encapsulation.Designing reusable data types requires great care. The API is a contract between the client and the implementation that specifies the set of permissible operations and what is their required behavior. Encapsulation is the process of separating and compartmentalizing the client from the implementation by hiding how the data type is implemented. This enable you to change the "how" as the program evolves. "A nut and bolt are compatible if they have the same diameter and threads per inch." This is the interface. However, "they may be made of carbon steel, steel, bronze, nylon, titanium, whatever."
Encapsulation enables us to:
- Keep instance variables in a consistent state, e.g., nonnegative integer.
- Do error-checking on instance variables to monitor when they change their value. This can help debugging since you can check when a value unexpectedly changes state since it can only happen by calling a function within that class.
- Reduce dependencies between different modules. This enables us to debug and test one module independently from others.
- Improve resiliency of software systems by limiting and localizing the effects of changing the internal representation of a data type as the program evolves.
- Substitute different implementations of the same data type to improve performance, accuracy, or memory footprint.
Some mottos.
- Abstraction and information hiding are nice for small programs and absolutely necessary for big ones. Brian Kernighan.
- Limit scope. The tighter the scope, the easier a program is to maintain.
- Principle of least privilege. Each part of the program should know as much as it needs, but no more.
- Ask don't touch. Client shouldn't directly manipulate the instance variables. Instead it should ask the data type to do the work.
Zip codes and time bombs.There are many examples of programmers making assumptions about the internal representation of a data type, and later having to pay a big price to fix their mistakes.
- ZIP codes. In 1963, The United States Postal Service (USPS) began using a 5 digit ZIP code (Zoning Improvement Plan) to improve the sorting and delivery of mail. Programmers wrote lots of software that assumed zip codes would remain 5 digits forever, and represented them in their programs using a single 32-bit integer. In 1983, the USPS introduced an expanded ZIP code called ZIP+4 which consists of the original 5 digit ZIP code plus 4 extra digits to assist in delivery. This broke hundreds of fragile programs and required millions of dollars to fix.
- Y2K. The much publicized Y2K bug resulted from many programmers encoding years using two digits (years since 1900) to save memory (back in the 1960s when saving two characters per date field was more significant). As the year 2000 approached, programmers had to scavenge through millions of lines of code to find all those places that relied on a two digit year. Some of these programs controlled nuclear power plants, financial markets, commercial air traffic, and military warships. The cost for fixing all of these problems was estimated to be around $300 billion.
- IPv4 vs. IPv6. The Internet protocol is a standard used by electronic devices to exchange data over the Internet. Each device is assigned a unique integer or address. IPv4 uses 32-bit addresses and supports about 4.3 billion addresses. IPv6 uses 128-bit addresses and supports 2^128 addresses (over 340 decillion!). This will increase network traffic since each network packet contains the source and destination address. The total cost of the transition in the US might reach $500 billlion!
- Vehicle identification numbers. In 1981, The Society of Automotive Engineers established a unique 17-character naming scheme for vehicles known as the Vehicle Identification Number (or VIN for short). The VIN describes the make, model, year, and other attributes of cars, trucks, buses, and other vehicles in the United States. Automakers expect to run out by 2010. One solution is to increase the length of the VIN. Another is to reuse existing VINs. Both would require major logistical changes to supporting software systems, estimates in the billions of dollars. Moral: whenever a unique number is needed, don't skimp!
Encapsulation in Java. Java provides language support for information hiding. When we declare an instance variable (or method) as private, this means that the client (code written in another module) cannot directly access that instance variable (or method). The client can only access the API through the public methods and constructors. Programmer can modify the implementation of private methods (or use different instance variables) with the comfort that no client will be directly affected.
Program Counter.java implements a counter, e.g., for an electronic voting machine. It encapsulates a single integer to ensure that it can only get incremented by one at at time and to ensure that it never goes negative. The goal of data abstraction is to restrict which operations you can perform. Can ensure that data type value always remains in a consistent state. Can add logging capability to hit(), e.g., to print timestamp of each vote. In the 2000 presidential election, Al Gore received negative 16,022 votes on an electronic voting machine in Volusia County, Florida. The counter variable was not properly encapsulated in the voting machine software!
non-encapsulated data type encapsulated data type -------------------------------------- -------------------------------------- public class Counter { public class Counter { public final String name; private final String name; public int count; private int count; public Counter(String name) { public Counter(String name) { count = 0; count = 0; this.name = name; this.name = name; } } public void hit() { count++; } public void hit() { count++; } public int get() { return count; } public int get() { return count; } } } client client -------------------------------------- --------------------------------------- Counter c = new Counter("Volusia"); Counter c = new Counter("Volusia"); c.count = -16022; // legal c.count = -16022; // compile-time error
- Access control. Java provides a mechanism for access control to prevent the use of some variable or method in one part of a program from direct access in another. We have been careful to define all of our instance variables with the private access modifier. This means that they cannot be directly accessed from another class, thereby encapsulating the data type. For this reason, we always use private as the access modifier for our instance variables and recommend that you do the same. If you use public then you will greatly limit any opportunity to modify the class over time. Client programs may rely on your public variable in thousands of places, and you will not be able to remove it without breaking dependent code.
- Getters and setters.
A data type should not have public instance variables.
You should obey this rule not just in letter, but also in spirit.
Novice programmers are often tempted to include get() and
set() methods for each instance variable, to read and write
its value.
Complex a = new Complex(1.0, 2.0); Complex b = new Complex(3.0, 4.0); // violates spirit of encapsulation Complex c = new Complex(0.0, 0.0); c.setRe(a.re() + b.re()); c.setIm(a.im() + b.im()); // better design Complex a = new Complex(1.0, 2.0); Complex b = new Complex(3.0, 4.0); Complex c = a.plus(b);
Data representation changes in scientific applications.Simple example: represent a point using Cartesian or polar coordinates. Polynomials (coefficents vs. point-value), matrices (sparse vs. dense).
Immutability.An immutable data type is a data type such that the value of an object never changes once constructed. Examples: Complex and String. When you pass a String to a method, you don't have to worry about that method changing the sequence of characters in the String. On the other hand, when you pass an array to a method, the method is free to change the elements of the array.
Immutable data types have numerous advantages. they are easier to use, harder to misuse, easier to debug code that uses immutable types, easier to guarantee that the class variables remain in a consistent state (since they never change after construction), no need for copy constructor, are thread-safe, work well as keys in symbol table, don't need to be defensively copied when used as an instance variable in another class. Disadvantage: separate object for each value.
Josh Block, a Java API architect, advises that "Classes should be immutable unless there's a very good reason to make them mutable....If a class cannot be made immutable, you should still limit its mutability as much as possible."
Give example where function changes value of some Complex object, which leaves the invoking function with a variable whose value it cannot rely upon.
mutable immutable ------------------------------------ Counter Complex MovingCharge Charge Draw String array Vector java.util.Date primitive types Picture wrapper types
- Final.
Java provides language support to enforce immutability.
When you declare a variable to be final, you are promising to
assign it a value only once, either in an initializer or in the constructor.
It is a compile-time error to modify the value of a final variable.
public class Complex { private final double re; private final double im; public Complex(double real, double imag) { re = real; im = imag; } // compile-time error public void plus(Complex b) { re = this.re + b.re; // oops, overwrites invoking object's value im = this.im + b.re; // compile-time error since re and im are final return new Complex(re, im); } }
- Serves as documentation that the value does not change.
- Prevents accidental changes.
- Makes programs easier to debug, since it's easier to keep track of the state: initialized at construction time and never changes.
- Mutable instance variables.
If the value of a final instance variable is mutable,
the value of that instance variable (the reference to an object) will never change -
it will always refer to the same object. However, the value of the object
itself can change.
For example, in Java, arrays are mutable objects: if you have an
final instance variable that is an array, you can't change the
array (e.g., to change its length), but you can change the individual
array elements.
This creates a potential mutable hole in an otherwise immutable data type. For example, the following implementation of a Vector is mutable.
public final class Vector { private final int N; private final double[] coords; public Vector(double[] a) { N = a.length; coords = a; } ... }
double[] a = { 3.0, 4.0 }; Vector vector = new Vector(a); StdOut.println(vector.magnitude()); // 5.0 a[0] = 0.0; // bypassing the public API StdOut.println(vector.magnitude()); // 4.0
- Defensive copy.
To guarantee immutability of a data type that includes an instance variable
of a mutable type, we perform a defensive copy.
By creating a local copy of the array, we ensure that any change the
client makes to the original array has no effect on the object.
public final class Vector { private final int N; private final double[] coords; public Vector(double[] a) { N = a.length; // defensive copy coords = new double[N]; for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) { coords[i] = a[i]; } } ... }
- Preventing the class from being subclassed. Using the final modifier when declaring a class means that the class cannot be subclassed. This prevents a subclass from overriding a method in such a way that the data type becomes mutable.
- Global constants.
The final modifier is also widely used to specify local or global constants.
For example, the following appears in Java's Math library.
public static final double E = 2.7182818284590452354; public static final double PI = 3.14159265358979323846;
Design-by-contract.Language mechanism that enables you to verify assumptions about your program as it is running. For example, if you have a data type that represents a particle, you might assert that its mass is positive and its spped is less than the speed of light. Or if you have a method to add two vectors of the same length, you might assert that the length of the resulting vector also has the same length. Design-by-contract model of programming.
- Precondition. A condition that the client promises to satisfy when calling a method.
- Postcondition. A condition that the implementation promises to achieve when returning from a method.
- Invariant. A condition that should always be true when a certain statement is executing.
- Side effects. Always document the side effects of a method, including I/O and exceptions.
- Exceptions.
An exception is a disruptive event that occurs while a program is running, often
to signal an error.
Action is known as throwing an exception.
We have seen several exceptions: StackOverflowException, DivideByZeroException,
NullPointerException and ArrayOutOfBoundsException.
You can also create your own.
The simplest kind is a RuntimeException that terminates execution of the
program and print out an error message.
throw new RuntimeException("Error message here");
- Assertions.
assertion is a boolean expression that you are
affirming is true at that point in the
program. If it is not, the program will terminate and report and error message.
Assertions are widely used by programmers to detect bugs and gain confidence in the correctness
of programs. They also serve to document the programmer's intent.
// check that a given boolean condition is true assert distance >= 0.0; // with optional detail message assert distance >= 0.0 : "distance can't be negative";
By default, assertions are disabled. To enable, execute with the -enableassertions flag (-ea for short).
% java -ea Date
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.AssertionError at Date.next(Date.java:42)
Date.A culminating example that illustrates use of final, assert, exceptions, immutability, and private helper methods. Would make a nice anatomy diagram. Also could be a set-up for Comparable in the next section.
Application: commercial transaction system. Want to know 3 (business days) from today.
Exercise: add a method daysUntil() and use this to implement compareTo() in next section. Add a method day() that returns a String representing the day of the week (e.g., Sunday, Monday).
Program Date.java is an immutable data type that represents a date. Internally, it uses three integers for the month, day, and year. It includes a constructor, toString(), next(), isAfter().
By accessing the data only through the interface, our data type can perform range checking (e.g., no such thing as January 0 or February 30). For simplicity, we ignore leap years. (See Exercise XYZ.) By declaring all instance variables as final, we ensure that they can only be initialized in the constructor. This makes it easy to check the invariant that the values are always in a consistent state. The time invested in performing routine error-checking more than pays off as we start writing more complex programs. Using encapsulation enables us to isolate to a few places where an object can change state.
Vectors.As second example of a mathematical abstraction, we now consider the vector data type. Like Complex, the basic definition of the vector abstraction is familiar because it has played a central role in applied mathematics for over 100 years. The field of mathematics known as linear algebra is concerned with properties of vectors. Linear algebra is a rich and successful theory with numerous applications that plays an important role in all fields of social and natural science.
A spatial vector is an abstract entity that has a magnitude and a direction. Vectors provide a natural way to describe properties of the physical world, such as force, velocity, momentum, or acceleration. One standard way to specify a vector is as an arrow from the origin to a point in a Cartesian coordinate system: the direction is the ray from the origin to the point and the magnitude is the length of the arrow (distance from the origin to the point). To specify the vector it suffices to specify the point.
The concept extends to any number of dimensions: an ordered list of N real numbers (the coordinates of an N-dimensional point) suffices to specify a vector in N-dimensional space. By convention, we use a boldface letter to refer to a vector and numbers or indexed variable names (the same letter in italics) separated by commas within square brackets to denote its value. For example, we might use x to denote (x[0], x[1], ..., x[N-1]) and y to denote (y[0], y[1], ..., y[N-1]). In Java, this decision implies that we can represent each Vectors data type value as an array of double values.
The basic operations on vectors are to add two vectors, multiply a vector by a scalar, compute the dot product of two vectors, and to com- pute the magnitude and direction, as follows:
- addition: x + y = ( x[0] + y[0], x[1] + y[1], ..., x[N-1] + y[N-1])
- scalar multiplication: t x = (t x[0], t x[1], ..., t x[N-1])
- dot product: x dot y = x[0]y[0] + x[1]y[1] + ... + x[N-1]y[N-1]
- magnitude: |x| = (x[0]^2 + x[1]^2 + ... + x[N-1]^2)^1/2
- direction: x / |x| = (x[0] / |x|, x[1] / |x|, ..., x[N-1] / |x|)
Program Vector.java is an immutable class that implements this API. Note that the instance variable is not a primitive type, but rather an array.
The this reference. The magnitude() and direction() methods in Vector make use of the name this. Java provides the this keyword to give us a way to refer to an instance method to the object whose name was used to invoke this method. You can use this in code in the same way you use any other name. For example, some Java programmers would prefer to code plus() in Complex as follows:
to emphasize that a and b play an equal role in the operation. Some Java programmers always use this to refer to instance variables. Their scope is so large (the whole class) that this policy is easy to defend. However, it does result in a surfeit of this keywords, so we take the opposite tack and use this sparingly in our code. If a method has no parameters, or parameters whose names do not conflict with instance variable names, we normally refer directly to instance variables instead of using this.
public Complex plus(Complex b) { Complex a = this; return new Complex(a.re + b.re, a.im + b.im); }
Similarity search.Reference: Gauging Similarity via N-Grams. CompareAll.java performs similarity search. It relies on the data type Document.java that uses hashCode().
Q. What happens if I try to acccess a private instance variable or method from another file?
A. A compile-time error that says the given instance variable or method has private access in the given class.
Q. Does Java have other access modifiers besides public and private? Yes, although we restrict attention in this book to public and private. Here's a table.
Access modifier Class Package Subclass Any Class private Y N N N [no specifier] Y Y N N protected Y Y Y N public Y Y Y Y
Q. The instance variable x in type Complex is declared with access modifier private. How come in the plus method I can access both this.x and b.x?
A. The granularity of private access is at the class level, not the instance level. Declaring an instance variable as private means that it is not directly accessible from any other class. Methods within the Complex class can access (read or write) the instance variables of any instance in that class. It might be nice to have a more restrictive access modifier, say superprivate, that would make the granularity at the instance level so that only the invoking object can access its instance variables.
Q. How would I add a constructor to the Complex data type that takes r and θ as arguments?
A. It's a problem since you already have one constructor that takes two real arguments. Instead, you should probably create two methods createRect(x, y) and createPolar(r, theta) that create and return new objects. This style will also help remind the client to pass in arguments of the correct form.
Q. Is it possible to defeat Java's type safety features?
A. If there are no bugs in the Java implementation, an untrusted program should not have access to the private data of a trusted program. This guarantee assumes that "the computer faithfully executes its specified instruction set." If a cosmic ray strikes the computer's memory, it can flip a bit, thereby invalidating this axiom. Appel and Govindavajhala showed how to craft a program so that when executed, any single bit error would yield a 70% chance of the program gaining unfettered access to the JVM. They also demonstrated that such errors could be induced by shining a 50 watt spotlight bulb at the memory for one minute. Smartcards are particularly susceptible since the attacker has physical access to the computer.
Also reflection can defeat the type safety features, but this requires that the user permit such actions.
- Modify Date to handle leap years. Hint: change 28 to 29, add a helper method isLeapYear(), and add one line to next().
- Add a method daysUntil() to Date that takes a Date b as an argument and returns the number of days between b and the invoking date.
- Create an implementation Date2.java that represents a date a single integer that counts the number of days since January 1, 1970. Compare to Date.java.
- Represent a point in time by using an int to store the number of seconds since January 1, 1970. When will programs that use this representation face a time bomb? How should you proceed when that happens?
- Create a data type GeographicCoordinate that represents a geographic coordinate either in (degrees, minutes, seconds, sign) or in floating point.
- Create a data type Location for dealing with locations on Earth using spherical coordinates (latitude/longitude). Include methods to generate a random location on the surface of the Earth, parse a location "25.344 N, 63.5532 W" and compute the great circle distance between two locations.
- Create a Rectangle ADT that represents a rectangle. Represent a rectangle by two points. Include a constructor, a toString method, a method for computing the area, and a method for drawing using our graphics library.
- Repeat the previous exercise, but this time represent a Rectangle as the lower left endpoint and the width and height.
- Repeat the previous exercise, but this time represent a Rectangle as the center and the width and height.
- Particle.
Create a data type for a 3D particle with position (rx, ry, rz),
mass (m), and velocity (vx, vy, vz). Include a method to return its kinetic
energy = 1/2 m (vx^2 + vy^2 + vz^2).
Alternate representionation: position (rx, ry, rz), mass (m), and momentum (px, py, pz). In this case vx = px / mass, vy = py / mass, vz = pz / mass. kinetic energy = 1/2 (px^2 + py^2 + pz^2) / mass.
- Generating random numbers. Different methods to generate a random number from the standard Gaussian distribution. Here, encapsulation enables us to replace one version with another that is more accurate or efficient. Trigonometric method is simple, but may be slow due to calling several transcendental functions. More importantly, it suffers from numerical stability problems when x1 is close to 0. Better method is alternate form of Box-Muller method. reference. Both methods require two values from a uniform distribution and produce two values from the Gaussian distribution with mean 0 and standard deviation 1. Can save work by remembering the second value for the next call. (This is how it is implemented in java.util.Random.) Their implementation is the polar method of Box-Muller, saving the second random number for a subsequent call. (See Knuth, ACP, Section 3.4.1 Algorithm C.)
- LAX aiport shutdown. On September 14, 2004 Los Angeles airport was shut down due to software breakdown of a radio system used by air traffic controllers to communicate with pilots. The program used a Windows API function call GetTickCount() which returns the number of milliseconds since the system was last rebooted. The value is returned as a 32 bit integer, so after approximately 49.7 days it "wraps around." The software developers were aware of the bug, and instituted a policy that a technician would reboot the machine every month so that it would never exceed 31 days of uptime. Oops. LA Times blamed the technician, but the developers are more to blame for shoddy design.
Creative Exercises
- International bank account (depositDollars, depositEuros, withdrawDollars, withdrawEuros). How to represent money (cents, BigDecimal, precision, etc.)
- Turtle graphics. Turtle location starting at origin (forward, rotate, draw) Use polar and Cartesian coordinates.
- Polar representation of points.
Point.java and
PointPolar.java implement
the following point interface using rectangular and polar coordinates,
Point() Point(double, double) double x() double y() double r() double theta() double distance(Point) public String toString()
- Spherical coordinates.
Represent a point in 3D space using Cartesian coordinates (x, y, z)
or spherical coordinates (r, θ φ). To convert from one to
the other, use
- Colors. Can represent in RGB, CMYK, or HSV formats. Natural to have different implementations of same interface.
- Time. Implement an ADT that represents the time of day, say with seconds, minutes, and hours. Representation 1: three fields for hours, minutes, and seconds. Representation 2: number of seconds since 12 midnight. Include compareTo, plus.
- ZIP codes. Implement an ADT that represents a USPS ZIP code. Support both the original 5 digit format and the newer (but optional) ZIP+4 format.
- VIN number. Read in a VIN number and report back all relevant information.
- Vector fields. Write a data type for force vectors in two dimensions. You should be able to add vectors using the usual rules from physics using x sin(theta) and x cos (theta)....
- Complex numbers. In Section 3.2, we considered program Complex.java, which is an ADT for complex numbers. Internally, it stores a complex number c = x + iy as its real and imaginary parts (x, y). This is called the rectangular representation. Write a new implementation that represents a complex number as c = r (cos θ + i sin θ). This is known as the polar representation, and we refer to r as the modulus and θ as the angle. This representation is especially useful if we are multiplying or dividing complex numbers. Program Complex.java implements the same complex number data type as Complex.java, but stores the polar representation (r, θ) instead of the the rectangular representation (x, y). Since it has exactly the same public methods and public constructor as the version with rectangular coordinates, we can use it interchangeably with the other version of Complex.java. The main difference to the client is in different performance properties. For example, implementing an exponentiation method becomes much easier with the polar representation, especially if the power is a negative integer or if the power itself is complex! Other operations become more cumbersome to implement and expensive to compute, e.g., addition and subtraction. There is one minor caveat that makes these two implementations not completely interchangeable: floating point precision may influence the two implementations in different ways. For example, the rectangular implementation represents 3 + 4i exactly, whereas the polar implementation must store an approximation to the angle θ since it is an irrational number. Such difference should not effect a well-behaved client, but we should be aware of any places where an encapsulated data type leaks information.
- Statistics.
Encapsulation enables us to easily replace one implementation with
another. This is desirable
when we anticipate creating an improved implementation with better
performance or accuracy properties.
We consider a simple, but representative example below.
Our goal is to store statistics for a set of real values, say the sample
mean x bar and the sample variance s2.
We want our data type to support the following methods: add, size, mean, stddev, variance. OnePass.java stores n, the sum, and the sum of squares. TwoPass.java stores n, the sum, and all of the data values in an array. The one pass algorithm is faster and uses substantially less space, but is susceptible to roundoff error. StableOnePass.java is a well-engineered alternative.
It is numerically stable and does not require an array to store the elements.
public void add(double x) { n++; s = s + 1.0 * (n-1) / n * (x - m) * (x - m); m = m + (x - m) / n; } public double mean() { return m; } public double variance() { return s / (n - 1); }
- Encapsulation.
Why does the following break encapsulation, even though
all instance variables are declared private.
public class Appointment { private Date date; private String customer; public Appointment(Date date) { // check that date is in some legal range this.date = date; } public Date getDate() { return date; }
- Sparse vector. Create a data type for sparse vectors. Represent a sparse vector by an array of indices (of nonzeros) and a parallel array of the corresponding nonzero values. Assume the indices are in ascending order. Implement the dot product operation.
- Genome.
Implement a data type to store the genome of an organism. Biologists
often abstract away the genome to a sequence of nucleotides (A, C, G, or T).
The data type should support the method addNucleotide,
nucleotideAt(int i), and doSomeComputation.
Perhaps change to addCodon.
Advantages of encapsulation: can check that only legal
nucleotides are added, can change to more time or memory efficient
implementation without affecting client.
- StringGenome.java has one instance variable of type String. It implements addNucleotide with string concatenation. Each method call takes time proportional to the size of the current genome. Not practical spacewise either for large genomes since nucleotide is stored as a 16-bit char.
- Genome.java implements a genome as an array of characters. The size of the array is doubled when the array fills up. The method addNucleotide is now constant time. Space consumption is still 16 bits per nucleotide.
- CompactGenome.java implements a genome as boolean array. We need to use two bits per nucleotide since there are 4 different nucleotides. As in the previous implementation, we use a dynamic array with repeated doubling. Now, each nucleotide consumes 2 bits of storage (instead of 16).
- Given a Genome Include a method to return the reverse-complemented genome. Include a method for testing for equality.
- Add methods to Date to check which season (Spring, Summer, Fall, Winter) or astrological sign (Pisces, Libra, ...) a given date lies. Be careful about events that span December to January.
- Copy constructor.
Only needed if data type is mutable. Otherwise, assignment statement
works as desired.
public Counter(Counter x) { count = x.count; } Counter counter1 = new Counter(); counter1.hit(); counter1.hit(); counter1.hit(); Counter counter2 = new Counter(counter1); counter2.hit(); counter2.hit(); StdOut.println(counter1.get() + " " + counter2.get()); // 3 5
Engineering.Engineering involves the design, implementation, and analysis of a useful solution to a practical problem. The design is limited by resource constraints including time, money, usability, flexibility for future modification, maintainability, safety, esthetics, marketing, and ethics. The analysis models how well the design will perform and whether it will be the project constraints. Prototyping, testing, simulation are all components of a proper analysis. Designing quality software is similar in many ways to designing bridges. "A good scientist is a person with original ideas. A good engineer is a person who makes a design that works with as few original ideas as possible." -- Freeman Dyson. When programming, use the principle of least surprise.
Software engineering.Programming is a form of engineering: apply computer science to the benefit of humankind. Unlike other forms of engineering (which have been around for hundreds of years), software engineering is very young (~30 years) and no widespread consensus on best practice and engineering standards. Nevertheless, some key ideas have emerged (modular programming, data abstraction, encapsulation). OOP is one of the main tools for building complex programs. We will also consider other software engineering aspects that complement OOP including specification, design, coding, and testing. a computer program to solve a problem. Testing, unit tests (testing smallest compilable element in isolation), integration tests (testing several interacting modules), functional tests tests, regression testing... Test characteristics: functional (does it do what it should do, and not do what it should not), performance, usability, security, etc.) Test detail: unit test (one xxx), integration (several interacting modules), system (the whole thing). Test access: black box (treat module as a black box), white box (use internal structure to determine test cases). Each test should return true or false. Specification is often the biggest source of errors. Compile-time, run-time, and logic errors. Compiler error messages can be cryptic, but usually can be resolved after a few minutes. On the other hand logic errors are the bane of programming. Can take hours to days to discover the error, even if it was just a simple typo. We should be thankful of all the errors that the compiler discovers, and it is a blessing to use a language and compiler that facilitate discovering errors at compile time.
In practice, companies hire employees to solely perform testing. Ratio of testers to programmers can range from 10:1 to 1:10.
Fred Brooks hypothesizes that the number of lines of code a programmer writes per day is about the same, regardless of which language they use (Java, C, machine language). One of main goals of using a higher level programming language (e.g., Java) and OOP is so that we can write 10 lines of Java code that replaces 1,000 lines of machine language code. Another goal is to write programs that are easier to debug than machine language programs. OOP helps address both goals.
Software life-cycle. Analysis and specification, design, construction, testing, operation, maintenance. Waterfall model: do all of the tasks in sequence, reaching decisive milestones along the way. (Inflexible, especially if design is wrong.) Prototype model: build quick prototype, evaluate, and redesign if needed. (harder to manage and throw away previous designs)
Testing. Design good test cases (especially at boundaries), test coverage (use computer to generate test inputs), unit tests, regression testing. Program should always either complete successfully or output a useful error message. Bugs in computer-aided design (CAD) program nuclear reactor control system, guided missile, spacecraft environmental control can be disastrous. Validation = checking that the software does what the customer specified (producing the right product). Verification = checking that the software has been written according to design spec (producing the product right).
Often, it's convenient to write the tests before the code. If you can't write the tests, you might need to change the interface or specs. If you still can't, you need to spend more time thinking before you begin to write code.
CMU study of 30,000 programs: 5-6 defects per 1,000 lines of code in
production software.
New programs: 100 defects per 1,000 lines of code.
$60 million bug (misused break statement in C program) in
ATT long
distance system - 114 switching nodes crashed on January 15, 1990
of software bugs.


text:
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The Prince of Darkness: Dagol. Watercolour from 'Compendium rarissimum totius Artis Magicae sistematisatae per celeberrimos Artis hujus Magistros'.
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You searched for: Collections Medicine in the Americas, 1610-1920 Remove constraint Collections: Medicine in the Americas, 1610-1920 Subjects Military Personnel Remove constraint Subjects: Military Personnel Dates by Range 1900-1949 Remove constraint Dates by Range: 1900-1949 Start Over
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1. Comfort kits
- Author(s):
- American National Red Cross. Bureau of Development.
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- Washington, D.C. : The American Red Cross, Bureau of Development, [1918]
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text: Hello I installed the VNC server on a NT4/SP3 machine, when I connect with a client to that machine, it connects ok, and displays ok, but constantly generates an error box. The Window is titled "wt_log.exe DLL Initialization Failed" and the message is "Initialization of the dynamic library C:\Program Files\ORL\VNC\VNCHooks.dll failed. The process is terminating abnormally". It appears that there is some conflict with the WebTrends service, as if I run VNC as a service, but WT turned off, I don't get this error, or if I keep WT as a service, but run VNC as a program as an app it works fine. Howerver, I really would be to run them both as services. Does anyone has suggestions? Or is this a known bug? Anyone havining similar problems? Thank you Joel --------------------------------------------------------------------- The VNC mailing list - see http://www.orl.co.uk/vnc/intouch.html ---------------------------------------------------------------------


text:
Hello all, it's been probably a year since I had cause to do any real fantasy mapping, but I have a new project that I'm working on for my game: Hand-drawn style maps of each of the continents. I want to say thanks to StarRaven and Jezelf, I used their brushes and tutorials, respectively. Couldn't have done it without you guys.
I have a few more things to add to the map I think, but I have most of the major stuff labeled and done. Just looking for some feedback on things that I should change/add/remove or any mistakes or comments. This is my first attempt at a map like this (and only my second REAL attempt at mapping) so be gentle .


text:
For more than 30 years, Jim Barber has been involved in hundreds of civil litigation and arbitration matters including Insurance Coverage, Business Litigation, General Commercial, Aerospace and Products Liability.
Jim's litigation background includes litigating the case that decided the law in the Ninth Circuit for control person liability under Section 20(a) of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934. (Kersh v. General Council of Assemblies of God (9th Cir. 1986), 804 F. 2d 546). He also has litigated antitrust cases (Tripper Corp. v. Chrysler Corp. (N.D. Cal. 1980) 484 F. Supp. 507) and foreign exchange transaction matters (Spectra-Physics, Inc. v. Chase Manhattan Bank, N.A. (N.D. Cal. 1987) 654 F. Supp. 311). Most recently, he completed representation of the London aviation insurance market in a 12-year insurance coverage dispute and litigation matter concerning a major aircraft manufacturer. (Leslie Walpole Procter v. Lockheed Corp., Santa Clara Super. Ct. No. 731752). He also has testified as an expert witness and has written on topical litigation matters. Since 2005, he has mediated more than a dozen cases and been on the arbitration panel for several matters, one of which has gone to award. He was a member of his law firm's management committee from time to time and its finance partner for a decade. Presently, he is a member of the Board of Directors of the UC Santa Barbara Alumni Association and a founding member and director of the Gaucho Athletics Association. In June 2008, Jim was awarded the Graver Alumni Service Award for his work with the GAA and on the alumni board.
Jim has retired as an attorney, yet he still pursues working with the law. Having lived with the progressive neurodegenerative muscular disease ALS (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis) since 2006, he has collaborated closely with The ALS Association's Greater Bay Area Chapter in helping in the initiative to pass two important state laws that can assist Californians living with what is commonly referred to as Lou Gehrig's Disease.
Jim, along with Steve Hall, a former water district lobbyist worked with representatives from the chapter and The Association's Greater Los Angeles Chapter in advocating for the passage of two state bills, SB 1502 and SB 1503. Hall, who recently passed away from ALS, played a key part in selecting and retaining an advocacy professional, while Barber served as secretariat for the group and helped to draft one of the bills. In addition, both men testified at committee hearings in support of those bills, which Senate Majority Leader Darrell Steinberg, D-Sacramento, authored. In September 2008, Gov. Arnold Schwarzenegger signed these bills into law.
SB 1502 is the California state tax check-off bill that allows each California taxpayer to have the option to direct a portion of any tax refund to ALS research. SB 1503, the standard of care bill, gives ALS a foothold in statute, acknowledges The ALS Association's Centers of Excellence as the gold standard for ALS care and treatment, and gives these Centers the designation of a "specialty care center" in the Health and Safety Code which ensures physician referrals to the Centers will be seamless. The mission of The Association's Centers of Excellence Program is to define, establish, and support a national standard of care in the management of ALS, and the objective of the program is to encourage and provide that state-of-the-art care.
Aside from these impressive efforts,
Jim is a former veteran and has participated in other chapter-related events such as ALS Awareness Day in Sacramento in 2007, 2008, and 2009 and serves on The Association's California ALS Advocacy Committee (CAAS), which helped to advance the passage of SB 1502 and SB 1503.
Jim was also one of the people with ALS chosen to stand on the field at AT&T Park in San Francisco on July 4th, 2009 for MLB's 4ALS presentation. This annual event raises funds for research to find the causes and a cure for ALS along with monies for programs for people and their families living with the disease.
When not spreading awareness of ALS or advocating for others who live with Lou Gehrig's Disease, Jim and his wife Cheryl enjoy spending time with their two children and three grandchildren who reside in Southern California, daughter Sandie Chalk, son-in-law Chris Chalk, and granddaughters Krysia and Jessica Chalk and son David Barber, daughter-in-law Monica Barber, and granddaughter Anabella Barber.
Jim Barber will be honored with the prestigious 2010 Iron Horse Award at the ALS Association Greater Los Angeles Chapter's A Time to Care Gala which will take place on May 22, 2010, at the Hyatt Regency Century Plaza in Los Angeles, California.


text:
By: Will Peters
Number of Reviews: 1381
Average Score: 65
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You can browse by a good number of categories, although there are some that don't make much sense to me. For example, "gay porn." Even though some of the scenes have more than one guy in them, the dudes don't touch each other, so they're not even bi let alone gay. There isn't an advanced search either and you can't save your favorites.
However, you will find keyword tags below the videos, so that you can easily find similar scenes. There are also tags for each of the performers, so you can find their other flicks, although some of the guys and gals only show up once on the site. For example, Jane is an Asian babe and makes her sole appearance in an interracial scene with a white guy.
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text:
Reality Gossip
Candy Spelling: I Don't Know What Tori Will Decide About Dean McDermott (VIDEO)
Tori Spelling's no stranger to drama and we don't mean her role on 90210. She's had plenty of public ups and downs over the years including with her mother, Candy. They've long had a strained relationship including, as Candy wrote in her tell-all book, an entire year where the two didn't talk.
"During the year we were estranged," she writes, "it was excruciating not hearing from Tori and not being able to get ahold of her."
That iciness means the first time Candy says she met her daughter's husband, Dean McDermott, was at the funeral of her husband and Tori's dad, Aaron Spelling. "It was very uncomfortable," she says of that first meeting.
Time heals all wounds, though, and Candy and Tori have since reconciled. That, however, doesn't mean T's turning to her mom much during her most recent struggle: Dean's infidelity and subsequent rehab stay.
We've been able to follow each development in Tori and Dean's relationship thanks to Lifetime series True Tori and truly, Candy hasn't been featured much. There's a reason, she says. "Tori hasn't really asked me for advice," she explains in the video above, adding that she will support whatever Tori decides.
But whether or not that means divorce, Candy can't say. "I don't know what her decision will be," she continues, saying of Dean, "I just know he's a great father and they're great together."
Watch the video above to hear what else Candy said. Think she's got it right about Dean? Will he and Tori make amends?
Source: E! Online


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text:
Town Square
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PALO ALTO ISSUESQuestions abound over anonymous campaign mailer
An anonymous mailer urging recipients to vote for the three female candidates for Palo Alto's school board went out to an...Original post made on Oct. 16, 2014
Last comment by Reason, on Oct 18, 2014 at 11:22 am | 24 comments | 3412 Views
PALO ALTO ISSUESPASZ A Trojan Horse
This spring, Mimi Steel, an activist with close ties to the Citizens Alliance for Property Rights (stands for no affordable...Original post made by Alice Schaffer Smith on Oct. 17, 2014
Last comment by Craig Laughton, on Oct 18, 2014 at 8:56 am | 6 comments | 758 Views
ISSUES BEYOND PALO ALTOLocal medical facilities amp up Ebola preparedness training
Stanford Medical Center and Palo Alto Medical Foundation are among medical facilities nationwide increasing Ebola preparedness...Original post made on Oct. 15, 2014
Last comment by A Noun Ea Mus, on Oct 17, 2014 at 8:52 pm | 18 comments | 5346 Views
PALO ALTO ISSUESCandidate profile: The Organizer; Lydia Kou
Palo Altans generally care about two things: staying alive and new developments (not necessarily in that order). Recent history...Original post made on Oct. 10, 2014
Last comment by Margaret Fruth, on Oct 17, 2014 at 5:42 pm | 5 comments | 1666 Views
ISSUES BEYOND PALO ALTOFinding Strength
Some may find this a downer, but for some it may inspire. Facing Death with Dignity, and Sass October 26th Marks 19...Original post made by Norman Carroll on Oct. 17, 2014
There are no comments yet. 567 Views
RESTAURANTSAlexander's new pastry venture to open in MV Oct. 16
Alexander's Patisserie, now under construction at 209 Castro St. in downtown MV, is scheduled to open Thursday October 16,...Original post made by Max Hauser on Sep. 22, 2014
Last comment by Max Hauser, on Oct 17, 2014 at 4:31 pm | 1 comment | 1197 Views
PALO ALTO ISSUESThink for Yourself
The weekly just completed their editorials , explaining to residents how they should vote in the coming election. Really,...Original post made by Make up your own mind on Oct. 17, 2014
Last comment by Paly Parent, on Oct 17, 2014 at 4:17 pm | 1 comment | 533 Views
SPORTSGunn girls wrap up SCVAL golf title by downing rival Paly
The Gunn girls had to share the Santa Clara Valley Athletic League regular-season golf title with rival Palo Alto last year....Original post made on Oct. 17, 2014
Last comment by Crescent Park Dad, on Oct 17, 2014 at 3:37 pm | 1 comment | 2141 Views
AROUND TOWNShop Talk
BLOOMIE'S BLOSSOMS IN NEW LOCALE ... A newly-built, $18 million, three-story Bloomingdale's opened Oct....Original post made on Oct. 17, 2014
Last comment by Gertrude, on Oct 17, 2014 at 12:38 pm | 1 comment | 1033 Views
SCHOOLS & KIDSA media center for the next century
What will the newsroom-classroom of the future look like? Read the full story here http://www.paloaltoonline.com/print/story/2014/10/17/a-media-center-for-the-next-century...Original post made on Oct. 17, 2014
There are no comments yet. 5363 Views
PALO ALTO ISSUESBoard swats plan to give ballfield 'historic' status
Over six decades, the Palo Alto Little League field has become hub of big dreams and cherished memories for generations of...Original post made on Oct. 16, 2014
Last comment by southbayresident, on Oct 17, 2014 at 1:07 am | 14 comments | 9091 Views
SCHOOLS & KIDSSchool board candidate profile: Ken Dauber
Ken Dauber has said he's being specific in his campaign commitments for a reason -- so that if elected, he'll have the weight...Original post made on Oct. 3, 2014
Last comment by Mark Weiss, on Oct 16, 2014 at 10:32 pm | 2 comments | 2479 Views
PALO ALTO ISSUESNo Response on Numbers of Planes at Low Altitudes
Our representative in Washington, Anna Eshoo, is coming up for reelection, and this is a good time to email her about the...Original post made by Midtown Man on Oct. 13, 2014
Last comment by musical, on Oct 16, 2014 at 10:13 pm | 22 comments | 955 Views
PALO ALTO ISSUESWater district candidates focus on drought, flooding
The winner in the race for a single seat at the Santa Clara Valley Water District will take on major challenges if elected...Original post made on Oct. 10, 2014
Last comment by FixTheCreek, on Oct 16, 2014 at 9:34 pm | 6 comments | 4519 Views
ISSUES BEYOND PALO ALTOZuckerberg, Chan join fight against Ebola
Facebook founder and CEO Mark Zuckerberg and wife Dr. Priscilla Chan announced Tuesday that they have committed $25 million...Original post made on Oct. 14, 2014
Last comment by HUTCH 7.62, on Oct 16, 2014 at 9:29 pm | 24 comments | 3819 Views
PALO ALTO ISSUESStanford Blood Center lawsuit on hold
A jury trial pitting a longtime blood donor against Stanford Blood Center that was scheduled to begin today has been postponed,...Original post made on Sep. 24, 2012
Last comment by Nevemore, on Oct 16, 2014 at 8:44 pm | 26 comments | 5376 Views
PALO ALTO ISSUESDifficult conversation: when to give up the car keys
Louise Freedman recently carried her driver's license into the Department of Motor Vehicles (DMV) and laid it on the counter. Read...Original post made on Oct. 13, 2014
Last comment by Disabled But Not Dead, on Oct 16, 2014 at 8:40 pm | 10 comments | 5614 Views
PALO ALTO ISSUES40 Hour Work Week for City Employees
Do any of the candidates running for city council support the normal concept of city employees working 40 hours per week?...Original post made by Barron Park resident on Oct. 15, 2014
Last comment by Ha ha, on Oct 16, 2014 at 8:23 pm | 4 comments | 716 Views
PALO ALTO ISSUESBuena Vista residents appeal closure decision
Seeking to stave off displacement, residents of Buena Vista Mobile Home Park are appealing a September decision by a hearing...Original post made on Oct. 15, 2014
Last comment by John B, on Oct 16, 2014 at 6:33 pm | 45 comments | 16037 Views
ISSUES BEYOND PALO ALTOJudges On the Ballott
I'm not familiar with most of the names on the ballot. Can someone refer me to a good article and/or opine here. Thanks...Original post made by Online Name on Oct. 16, 2014
There are no comments yet. 562 Views
Terún to open second Cal Ave restaurant
By Elena Kadvany | 6 comments | 4,817 views
Say Yes or No?
By Chandrama Anderson | 1 comment | 1,843 views
Rethinking High School Curriculum: Chemistry
By Douglas Moran | 8 comments | 1,362 views
Caesar Pleaser
By Laura Stec | 7 comments | 1,178 views
Fire department event at the library
By Cheryl Bac | 0 comments | 380 views


text:
Book Description
Poor Stanley Hastings! All his detective pursuits end in failure. So when Martin Albrecht comes to him with a case for a real detective, Stanley turns him away. Unfortunately, Stanley's accursed path leads to his finding Albrecht dead. Now that he's been challenged and has to take the case; maybe Stanley will finally prove that he's a real detective. To solve this case Stanley must descend into the modern-day inferno of drugs and mob operations. Will he come out of it alive.?
Reader Reviews
1 of 4 people found the following review helpful: Detective, by Parnell Hall, December 4, 2000 Reviewer: Artur from Glendale, CA USA Movie Proposal Date: 3 December 2000 To: Steven Spielberg From: Artur Avetyan, Detective reader Subject: A movie proposal for the Detective, by Parnell Hall Proposal: Detective by Parnell Hall is one of the best mystery books I have ever read. Detective is all about life. Its about a detective name Jack Stanley who works really hard to become a good detective. The events that take place in this book are often seen in our lives; like drugs and murders. Also by reading this book you will find out how hard and dangerous the lives of detective's are. This book should be made into a feature film because it is important for people to know what happens in their lives. People need to know what it takes to be a real detective. This movie will inspire people to try their best at their job to become the best. This movie will show what drug dealers go through to sell drugs, and it will also show what police and detectives go through to catch this drug dealers, who are trying to ruin our lives, and our kids. I think this will be a great movie because it shows what happens to people when they become involved in drugs and gangs. Drugs and gangs are a major problem in our lives these days and I think when people watch this movie they will be more careful. Parents will also pay more attention to their kids. This movie if made into a movie wouldn't cost too much to make. The Police and the special detectives team would help out with the making of the film. It would also be a successful movie because people like action and real life movies, but most of all this will be a great inspiring movie. It will prove that if you want something or if you want to become someone, you have to work hard for it. --This text refers to an out of print or unavailable edition of this title


text:
tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2253867020130053273.post6782595800912444289..comments2016-05-28T07:15:03.421-07:00Comments on Down the Line!: PHOTO OP: JJ has balls in all the wrong placesRich Rodriguezhttps://firstname.lastname@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-2253867020130053273.post-80140099045843420572010-05-19T15:54:37.918-07:002010-05-19T15:54:37.918-07:00Oh Jelena ... too funny. I work in special effects...Oh Jelena ... too funny. I work in special effects for film and TV and just this week I had to create a wooly cocoon that envelops an actress. It wasn't pink but it was extraordinarily reminiscent of that dress she is firstname.lastname@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-2253867020130053273.post-43075822152060270972010-05-19T07:34:40.503-07:002010-05-19T07:34:40.503-07:00I like Jelena. Her on court personality is always ...I like Jelena. Her on court personality is always interesting.

I don't know what has happened to Venus. Maybe her dress sense is now being influenced by Serena. Serena's was always trashy but Venus used to have style.Dave from Tennis DVDshttp://firstname.lastname@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-2253867020130053273.post-89772789294451679192010-05-19T04:48:19.044-07:002010-05-19T04:48:19.044-07:00Hey y'all, Let's keep it on tennis here i...Hey y'all,

Let's keep it on tennis here in the DtL Peanut Gallery and not fire personal attacks on anyone. I want everyone here to feel like they can state their opinions freely and openly but on tennis!

Thanks, RiCHRiCHhttp://firstname.lastname@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-2253867020130053273.post-73842311581691002092010-05-18T20:58:33.860-07:002010-05-18T20:58:33.860-07:00Oh, did I say "hater?" Actually, "...Oh, did I say "hater?"

Actually, "hater" is  on point, but I meant to say "classless , ill-mannered, and presumptuous."

Because A. it was a reflexive, ad hominem attack, as I just stopped by to say a word regarding Rich's comment, and B. again, "taste" is subjective.

I'm a fan of the girl on the court- she runs down everything and confounds her opponents. She is not the precision point builder that Justine is, or the power merchant Serena is, but she is a top ten talent, very fit, and very dangerous.

So since any difference of opinion is not accepted here, screw off.

.B9000http://email@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-2253867020130053273.post-20904384591903369002010-05-18T19:54:26.145-07:002010-05-18T19:54:26.145-07:00My comment did not make me a hater.My comment did not make me a hater.jeaniushttp://firstname.lastname@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-2253867020130053273.post-56286902161051106232010-05-18T18:34:15.542-07:002010-05-18T18:34:15.542-07:00Well, her style is atrocious. Why does one have to...Well, her style is atrocious. Why does one have to be a hater for saying it the way he sees email@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-2253867020130053273.post-48921761286782887202010-05-18T15:47:06.158-07:002010-05-18T15:47:06.158-07:00Haters hate and apparently "jeaniuses" a...Haters hate and apparently "jeaniuses" are all too full of themselves.

Taste is subjective. Nice hair and glasses, not.

Yikes.

Well it was nice to exchange a thought or two with you, Rich.

Peace, out..B9000http://email@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-2253867020130053273.post-33175038849011322242010-05-18T14:15:24.699-07:002010-05-18T14:15:24.699-07:00She's tasteless and so are you for sending thi...She's tasteless and so are you for sending this.jeaniushttp://email@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-2253867020130053273.post-26296109853606706312010-05-18T12:03:32.996-07:002010-05-18T12:03:32.996-07:00B9000: Agreed on the EleVen stuff. Ugh. With regar...B9000: Agreed on the EleVen stuff. Ugh. With regards to JJ I'm mostly speaking about her off-court choices though some of the ANTA dresses (pinata comes to mind) are questionable.

But don't get me wrong I love me some JJ - she adds tons of humor to the WTA which it sorely needs. Even if it comes at the expense of her "fashion" or on-court antics. She brings the lulz. Guaranteed.RiCHhttp://email@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-2253867020130053273.post-32362940853603109242010-05-18T11:29:48.134-07:002010-05-18T11:29:48.134-07:00"fashionista" typo- whoops!"fashionista" typo- whoops!B9000http://email@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-2253867020130053273.post-64513606439560498202010-05-18T11:28:54.777-07:002010-05-18T11:28:54.777-07:00She's a very proud young woman, and cuts a gre...She's a very proud young woman, and cuts a great figure besides. Yes, you can quibble about her fashion choices, but Anta pays her for it, and though she fit well in Reebok dresses, they didn't pay or didn't pay enough.

I'm no fashionistam, but I think maybe you are missing the big picture in that some of these women are aiming for a look that stands out from the crowd,
and that is the only result they could really care about.

But if i cold play within your rules, speaking of "ewww," somebody needs to intervene with Venus on that Eleven stuff she designs. That Red Bustier thing puts me in mind of Saloon girls in old westerns. Not flattering.B9000http://email@example.com