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We are getting our first big snowstorm here in Indiana. Looks like a doozy! No riding for me.....
This picture was taken just 30 minutes after it started. Looking at 7+ inches today..
We are getting our first big snowstorm here in Indiana. Looks like a doozy! No riding for me.....
This picture was taken just 30 minutes after it started. Looking at 7+ inches today..
Oh no! That must be the storm system headed this way. *sigh* Darn snow.
"I'm starting to have grave doubts about this thing I barely liked in the first place." Homer Simpson
Yea, thats the storm destined for NH...
Woooooooo Hooooooooo! It's piling up quick. Mountain bike time.........
Sigh. We miss all the good storms.
yep, 7-9 inches in wayland tomorrow! WOOT!Originally Posted by phantomcow2
maybe we will get a delay!!!!
(A little backround, our town is notorious for never, EVER ahving a snow day)
A snow day was on the topic of most conversations today
I hate all of you
Could someone please send me some snow in the mail? Please
Originally Posted by halfbiked
It is surprising how storms head north and hit St. Cloud or south and nail Eau Claire but not hit the cities. This was clear to me every time I drove back and forth from SCSU to Dousman, WI. Funny how there are bands of heavy snow that are similar storm to storm and year to year.
About 3 inches here where I work since lunchtime today and the traffic is snarled. I think I'll let the rush-hour panic patrol thin out before I make tracks toward home tonight.
Still snowing here at 8:00. Boy, the drivers here in Indiana suck when the snow flies. They will take up two lanes at 25 mph on the highway!
Whoa! What you mean "no riding"?
Now the FUN begins!
Just allow for extra time! LOL
I miss snow. I used to get a lot of it before i moved. I haven't seen it in more then 3 years.
This was taken in the Cascades last Saturday,
Those voices in your head aren't real, but they have some great ideas
Where were you skiing Shifty? I was always a groomed run skier except when I would go to Canada where they don't really groom the runs and the mogals are waist high and they ski twice as good as you......oh yea, I lived in Spokane Washington where skiing is king. Man I miss that!Originally Posted by Shifty
Im s0 glad i live in texas!!!
That looks so fun. I'm going up to the mountains no matter what next year!
Somehow, I don't think my work will be having a snow day--or delay, for that matter.Originally Posted by hi565
Yep, that's not me in the pic, but we skied in that fluff all day.
Those voices in your head aren't real, but they have some great ideas
Ok we got 7 inches of snow and still coming on. Was 2" per hour. Wind is blowing and will create drifts.
Why is it that you get more snow than my area? Oh wait, there was that one time back in '78ish when we got 6 feet of the white stuff...
Good luck finding knee deep fresh snowOriginally Posted by sS-bEn
Well update...
We got about 10-12 inches of snow. I was walking home and had to go through the field to get through my house, and it was snowing so bad I could not see three steps in front of me!
I had fun snow blowing though Took me about two hours. I did a pretty good just I must say. I need to work out the technique though
And alas, no delay or snow day. It was funny coming to school was A-OK. After school was atrotious.
The wind was blowing so hard here that I set the snowblower's discharge chute up and went to town. BTW, bicycle tights work great under jeans in cold weather.


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Foroohar, Rana, Newsweek
Byline: Rana Foroohar
Companies had better cater to women.
Anyone who's seen the new Sex and the City movie (not something I necessarily encourage) may have noticed a subtle shift in the girls' accessories. No, not the evolution from Manolos to Louboutin stilettos. Carrie & Co. have also traded their Mac computers for sleek, Vivienne Tam-designed "digital clutch" laptops made by Hewlett-Packard. The machines are gorgeously styled: they look like beautiful makeup cases, with elegant, piano-like keyboards.
More important from HP's point of view: as with any sought-after fashion item, they command a premium. The laptops start at $599, about double the price of comparable products, meaning higher profit margins. And HP isn't the only company that's noticed there's money to be made catering to women in this rough economic climate.
Even before the financial crisis, the spending power of women was increasing in both rich and poor countries. The downturn has accelerated the trend, particularly in the United States. American men lost more jobs (they worked in the hardest-hit areas like financial services and manufacturing), whereas women started more companies. The pay gap has also continued to decrease. In 35 percent of double-income households in the United States, wives now make more than their husbands, up from 28 percent five years ago. Assuming the trend continues, the average woman will make more than the average man by 2024.
What's amazing is that more companies haven't cottoned on to this. The most obviously female-oriented sectors, like food, packaged goods, and apparel, do a decent job of appealing to their core customers. (Remember the Dove ads from a couple of years ago that celebrated all sizes of female bodies? They drove up soap sales 600 percent.) But there are still many industries--cars, travel, health care, and consumer electronics--where women are neglected in product development and marketing, even though they make the majority of purchasing decisions. "A lot of the people making these decisions at top firms are still older men," says demographer Maddy Dychtwald, the author of Influence, a book on female economic power.
In technology, Apple's success may force some changes. …

subset: commoncrawl


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Love It To Life, last April's debut from Jesse Malin and The St. Marks Social, is a record steeped in tribute. A major source of inspiration for Malin, a singer/guitarist best known for stints in now-defunct Punk bands D Generation and Heart Attack, was his rekindled love for J.D. Salinger and, by proxy, The Catcher in the Rye. In Love It's most prominent example, "The Archer" is spun off of Salinger's interest in sending love letters to females he only knew through magazines or television.
Elsewhere on the album, a sense of affection for The Clash also comes through. Intentionally or otherwise, Malin and The St. Marks Social evoke the multi-hued instrumentation of Joe Strummer and company, deftly working its way through hopeful gang chants, boisterous dance songs and chilled-out moments of introspection.
However, the record gives its greatest shout-out to Malin's birthplace, New York City, opening with "Burning the Bowery" and sprinkling it with references to the locale. While making his most recent record, Malin found himself revisiting his old haunts and soaking up his city again.
Jesse Malin & The St. Marks Social play Southgate House Tuesday with Alone at 3am and Le Whorenettes. Go here to read Reyan Ali's full Sound Advice and get show details.
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6 Ways to Ensure Your Job Search Will Likely Fail
by Jean Cummings - May, 2012
It's amazing, though understandable, that so many people are pursuing job search strategies that are apt to yield no results. The job search environment is more complex and requires greater sophistication to navigate than ever before. Here are 6 of the things you should not do to avoid getting stalled in your job search. 1. Give your resume to your contact list and assume you've done their networking 2. Failed to get...
7 Errors You Want to Avoid While Job Seeking
by Jessica Holbrook Hernandez - May, 2012
It's so very easy to make mistakes while job seeking. Even seasoned professionals can struggle some when in the midst of a job search. Don't be discouraged if you think you've made some mistakes along the way. Job seeking is like working a job; you're always fine-tuning your skills. But before you start searching again, consider the following seven job seeking errors you want to avoid: 1. Searching without organization: It...
Can Executives be Perceived as "Too Smart"?
by Louise Garver - May, 2012
Executives rise to the top of an organization for a variety of reasons that include: thinking outside the box, vision, business savvy, strategies, and the intelligence to see the big picture and drill it down to deliverables. These are attributes that are expected of high-level leaders and work well for an executive no matter what corporate environment they may find themselves in. When in the midst of a career change, be...
Can't all my cover letters be the same?
by Julie Walraven - May, 2012
NO! You can't write the same cover letter for every job. It then is just an extra document, extra page, with no extra information. Almost every day I get this question from a client or inquirer: Can I use the same cover letter for all of them? or "Just write me a cover letter" (and some of those people don't even bother to find a job they are targeting first. The confusion about what a cover letter is and is not never...
Executive Alert: Are You in the Wrong Job?
by Louise Garver - May, 2012
Even executives don't get it right every time. You thought this was a good move and even the research indicated you were a perfect fit for the position. But, as the job unfolded, you are no longer enamored with the position or company. Richard (from a famous Shakespheare play) might say, "Now is the winter of my discontent." 5 signs that point to discontent: 1. Feel like an outsider? Holding an executive role in any or...
Four Difficult Types of Employees: Feedback Do's and Don'ts
by Judith Lindenberger - May, 2012
Whether you are dealing with a difficult person or motivating someone to be a more positive contributor, employee feedback is a powerful management tool. Many of us work with these four difficult types of employees and the guidance below will help you have constructive feedback sessions: The Bomb - an unguided missile who has a track record of bursts of anger. Keep in mind the time-honored adage that you can't contro...
Is Your Résumé Up to Speed?
by Debra Wheatman - May, 2012
In most situations, your résumé will be read on a screen. It could be a 17-inch screen and it could be a 2-inch screen. Hiring managers and recruiters will make instantaneous decisions about which résumé they would like to save for consideration and which to delete. The time allocated to make that decision is significantly reduced in today's world owing to the nature of how we behave when going through emails or documents onli...
by Nan S. Russell - May, 2012
The story goes that after one of Ludwig van Beethoven's performances, several people were offering him their congratulations, when one woman commented, "I wish God had bestowed me with such genius." "It isn't genius, madam, nor is it magic." Beethoven replied. "All you have to do is practice on your piano eight hours a day for 40 years." That's not the message most people want to hear. Most prefer buying the magazine wh...
Layoffs: Are You a Job Search Dinosaur?
by Georgia Adamson - May, 2012
One definition of "dinosaur" is: A person or thing that is outdated or has become obsolete because of failure to adapt to changing circumstances. In today's challenging economy and competitive job market, it's probably the last term you want to have applied to you! If you haven't kept up with industry changes, emerging technology and other trends affecting your career prospects, you could well find yourself on the layoff chopp...
Navigating the Networking Nightmare
by Louise Garver - May, 2012
The importance of networking has not diminished, no matter what you think you've heard. Online networking associated with social media like LinkedIn, Facebook and Twitter have certainly moved into the networking arena and taken a strong hold, but need to be kept in perspective when looking at the whole networking dynamics. Face-to-face or personal networking is still extremely effective and necessary when searching for a new p...
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Fujifilm FinePix A303 review
Started Mar 24, 2004 | User reviews thread
Shop cameras & lenses ▾
macwarren • New Member • Posts: 4
Fujifilm FinePix A303 review
Great little point & click camera which consistently takes nice sharp images even in low light.
A good indoor/outdoor camera.
I've being using this camera now for over a year and and have been more than happy with its performance.
A little bit slow saving the shot but not that slow that you miss out on too much of the action.
The LCD cracked and I had to get it repaired (the local NZ Fuji service agent , Haminex did a great job.) I'm pretty hard on equipment so I suspect it was more me than any flaw in the camera design.
Since purchased an Otter case which I use for carrying it around in the car etc.. Case is big enough to carry a mini-tripod too which is handy.
3 megapixels • 1.5″ screen • 38 – 114 mm (3×)
Announced: Aug 1, 2002
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First Take: Ryan Trecartin *
WHEN THE CHOICE BETWEEN lingering in front of a video projector or hitting a half-dozen other galleries is increasingly a cinch, the jolting energy, nerve, and intricacy of twenty-four-year-old Ryan Trecartin's work in the medium comes as no small shock. An abiding interest in indie rock, goth, psychedelia, and other hot topics won't distinguish his practice from that of other younger artists. But everything aesthetic about his videos—from the baroque screenplays that polish flippant teen slang into cascading soliloquies to the dueling fascinations with profound loneliness and extremely affected behavior to the swarming, jumbled, yet precisely composed shots that pack each frame with visual stimuli—displays a near obliviousness to what's going on in his field, whether it be the clichés of current video art or the signature styles of past experimental films. Trecartin does, however, share a penchant for full-frontal gayness and a love of extravagance with the movie directors his work most immediately brings to mind: Kenneth Anger, Jack Smith, and early John Waters.
Trecartin was "discovered" last spring when a student at the Cleveland Institute of Art showed visiting artist Sue De Beer a few minutes of a crazy video he'd found on the dating/networking website www.friendster.com. Upon her return to New York, De Beer told writer and former New Museum curator Rachel Greene about her find. With only the artist's first name to go on, together they searched Friendster's database until they found Trecartin's profile, then wrote to ask if he would send them a copy of the video in its entirety—a forty-one-minute work titled A Family Finds Entertainment, 2004. Floored by what she saw, Greene began showing the piece to enthusiastic artists, curators, and gallerists. Several months and much buzz later, Trecartin's first solo show opens in January at Los Angeles gallery QED; the J. Paul Getty Museum, an institution not exactly known for supporting young, unproven artists, has commissioned a new work that will be exhibited this spring; and AFFE, the video that started it all, will be in this year's Whitney Biennial.
All of these Pecker-like details aside, Trecartin is not your classic recontextualized outsider. Raised in rural Ohio, he designed costumes and stage sets in high school before picking up his first camera at the Rhode Island School of Design. While there, he made a number of short films, including Yo, A Romantic Comedy, 2002, a messy, hypergay exercise in genre, and the heartfelt, bratty Valentines Day Girl, 2001, and helped form a multidisciplinary art collective called Experimental People. After graduating in 2004, he moved to New Orleans with the group, whose members were among the huge cast appearing in AFFE. Then Hurricane Katrina destroyed Trecartin's elaborately painted, decorated home (featured prominently in the video) and with it virtually all of the nondigital artwork he'd ever made. Following a period of drifting and homelessness, Trecartin now lives and makes art in Los Angeles, thanks to the support of an admiring collector.


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- Audrey Magazine - http://audreymagazine.com -
Throwback Thursday: Impressive Video Shows How Languages Sound to Foreigners
Posted By Ethel Navales On April 3, 2014 @ 8:16 pm In Health & Lifestyle | Comments Disabled
19-year-old Finnish YouTube user Sara is seen in this video spending nearly two minutes speaking absolute gibberish. She may not know many languages, but she certainly sounds like she does.
Throughout the video, Sara mimics what various languages sound like to her. While she may throw in a few correct words here and there, she clearly does not know how to actually speak the languages. She reminds us that correct speech is not the purpose of her video anyway. She simply wants to demonstrate how different languages sound like to the foreign ear.
During her demonstration of an American accent, she says "Yeah, I mean, uh. Trevor-mis-underpairing-like-monin-fair. Follow me, like a pending friend-tricket. Balone-a-value precise-y. Hello?"
Clearly, she only knows a few words in English, but her ability to capture the accent is undeniable.
She also does a version of Japanese. Unfortunately, many viewers have said this is her weakest accent. Additionally, she ends the video with an "East Asian" demonstration that sounds closer to South Asia's Vietnamese accent.
Of course, we understand that what we hear is simply a demonstration of how languages sounds like to her. This doesn't seem to stop people from putting in their two cents. While the majority of viewers are impressed by her skills, there have been some people who are insulted that their language was not perfected and is shown in this manner.
Whatever the opinions may be, there is no denying this video is going viral. Less than a week since its release, the video gained nearly 4 million views on YouTube.
Article printed from Audrey Magazine: http://audreymagazine.com
URL to article: http://audreymagazine.com/throwback-thursday-impressive-video-of-how-languages-sound-to-foreigners/
Click here to print.
Copyright © 2013 Audrey Final Round. All rights reserved.


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Sign up for Office 365
Learn more about Office 365
Thank you for being an Office 365 subscriber. We wanted to let you know about upcoming changes that might affect your subscription.
In an effort to streamline our subscription plans and to provide clearer plan differentiation, we will retire the following SharePoint Online plans on July 1, 2014:
The corresponding Government and Academic plans will be retired as well.
Both new and existing customers will be affected by the plan retirement. New customers won't be able to purchase the retired plans after June 30, 2014, but existing customers will have options depending on several factors, including: the participating channel and/or program, enrollment terms, offers, and subscription lengths. The following table explains.
If you participate in this channel or program
You can renew retired subscription plans until
You can add seats to retired plans on the current subscription until
You can use the retired plan until
June 30, 2015
June 30, 2016
June 30, 2014
Not applicable
June 30, 2017
If you currently subscribe to one of the plans that is scheduled to be retired, you can transition to a new plan by the expiration date (June 30, 2015, 2016, or 2017 depending on your channel or program) as shown in the table above. Note that Office Online is now part of all Office 365 suite plans.
Once a new plan has been chosen and a new subscription created, each user in the tenant will need a license for the new subscription. Tenant admins can re-assign licenses to their users for the new subscription either manually or in-bulk using PowerShell.
The table below shows transition options available for each of the retiring plans.
If you have
You can transition to
SharePoint Plan 1 w/ Yammer
SharePoint Plan 2 w/ Yammer
Office Online w/ SharePoint Plan 1
Office Online w/ SharePoint Plan 2
No. You can continue to buy SharePoint Online standalone if that's all you need, but if you're looking for a combination of features, you'll get the most value from an Office 365 plan.
No, there are no changes to Dedicated/ITAR plans at this time.
The SharePoint and Yammer standalone plans will be available in the Open channel starting August 1, 2014.
Yes. We will provide one-time price discounts for EA customers to cover the additional cost associated with transitioning to the higher priced plans.
Syndication partners will be offered wholesale price discounts in order for them to offer similar concessions to their customers.


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Seattle Seahawks select Christine Michael and Jordan Hill in NFL draft
RENTON — Christine Michael, the Seahawks' second-round draft pick, didn't think Seattle would take him.
"I thought that y'all forgot about me," Michael said.
Quite the opposite, Christine (pronounced Chris-TIN).
The Seahawks pulled another draft-day surprise Friday by selecting Michael, a 5-foot-10, 221-pound running back from Texas A&M, with the 62nd overall pick. Of all the avenues the Seahawks could have ventured down, few draft analysts, if any, had Seattle taking a running back in the second round.
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But general manager John Schneider and coach Pete Carroll had a black-and-white reason for making the selection: "He was the highest player on our board," Schneider said.
The Seahawks did fill a need during the NFL draft on Friday by selecting Penn State defensive tackle Jordan Hill in the third round. Hill, who is 6 feet 1 and 303 pounds, profiles as more of a pass-rushing option at defensive tackle, though Carroll said Hill is also capable against the run.
Schneider said the Seahawks had a little "hole" at defensive tackle.
"That was the one spot, quite honestly, when you're putting it together, you're a little nervous that maybe you're pushing players because of a need," Schneider said.
Hill set career bests with 4 ½ sacks and 8 ½ tackles for loss as a senior at Penn State. He said he prides himself on always playing with a high motor.
"It's really everything to my game," Hill said.
The Seahawks return starter Brandon Mebane at defensive tackle and signed free agent Tony McDaniel to replace departed Alan Branch. Carroll said Hill will factor into the rotation immediately this season.
Yet the talking point of the second day was Michael, a player with enormous ability who has a history of injuries and off-the-field issues.
Michael was a five-star recruit coming out of Orange, Texas, the same hometown as Seahawks safety Earl Thomas. Michael led the Aggies with 844 yards as a freshman and was named the Big 12 offensive freshman of the year by the league's coaches.
At the time, he was viewed as one of the league's rising — and most explosive — young players. But he broke his right leg in the eighth game of his sophomore season.
He rushed for 899 yards, including 230 yards against Arkansas, in the first nine games of his junior year, but his season ended abruptly again when he tore his ACL in his left knee against Oklahoma — a game Schneider attended.
After that season, Texas A&M fired Mike Sherman and replaced him with Kevin Sumlin and a new offensive scheme. Michael struggled to adapt and was suspended for a game for violating team rules; he made matters worse when he tweeted, "Man run the ball" during the game.
He lost his starting spot, fell to third on the depth chart at one point and didn't play in the Aggies' Cotton Bowl win against Oklahoma. He finished third on the team with 417 yards and 12 touchdowns.
During the NFL combine, he overslept and missed two team interviews, according to NFL.com senior analyst Gil Brandt.
"I was terribly sick," Michael said. "Even performing on that Sunday, I couldn't give my best out there. I had the cold. I had flu-like symptoms. I just felt bad. I felt terrible. I took that NyQuil and I took that Mucinex and it passed me right out."
Said Carroll, "We went into all the background stuff."
Matt Berry, the Seahawks' Southwest area scout, said Michael is a powerful downhill runner and that Seattle wouldn't have taken him if there were concerns about his past. Michael is in a similar mold as current running backs Marshawn Lynch and Robert Turbin, though Berry said Michael is more of a one-cut-and-go runner.
Said Schneider: "Have you seen him physically yet? He's put together pretty good."
Michael will compete for carries in the Seahawks' backfield and will also play on special teams, possibly as a punt returner.
All that will be decided in the coming months.
"I finally get to live my dream," he said. "Playing pro ball has been my dream since day one. I just want to go to the league and just do it for my family, my daughter and just be something that I can't even imagine myself being."
Jayson Jenks: 206-464-8277 or email@example.com
|See how he runs
|Christine Michael's rushing numbers at Texas A&M:


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Theatre review: Moon River at the Pleasance Theatre
18:54 09 June 2012
Examination of old age is a drama that stays with you, writes Jenisa Altink-Thumbadoo
Set in a Chingford pensioners' home, Seiriol Davies' first full-length script is an insightful examination of the concept of being old.
Moon River is inspired by the writer's experience of the world of bingo halls, lunch clubs and tea dances – a world in which he immersed himself to gain a real understanding of what life is like for the over-75s.
The performers span a wide range of ages, encouraging the audience to suspend their pre-conceptions about the elderly and adding depth to the characters.
Julia Voce is convincing as 87-year-old Glad, who believes herself to be the only sane one trapped amongst a delightful menagerie of personalities and their foibles: righteous Sandy; mute Esther; glamourpuss Ingrid craving that next sherry; livewire Mary fantasising about the next shag and the endearing Ron who simply unplugs his hearing aid and embraces his journey towards the unknown.
As the play progresses, the shaky foundations of this sanity are exposed and Glad's fragile mental state culminates in a surreal and harrowing climax. The visual effects in this dramatic piece are worth a special mention for their role in conveying her chaotic cerebral universe.
Initially, one may feel that Moon River is let down by its haphazard storytelling, but the narrative works well in communicating the oscillation between mundane and mayhem.
It was a production that stayed with me long after I left the theatre and, following this poignant debut, I will be awaiting another Seiriol Davies script with interest. Three stars.
* Moon River was at the Pleasance in Carpenters Mews, N7.


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Images: Lunch with a veteran [Image 1 of 3]
Photo by Airman 1st Class Betty Chevalier
U.S. Air Force Tech. Sgt. Loraine Goody, 355th Maintenance Operation Squadron loading standardization crew member, speaks with a veteran at Atria Bell Court Gardens Retirement Community in Tucson, Ariz., Nov. 13, 2013. Fifteen airmen from Davis-Monthan Air Force Base, Ariz., volunteered to eat lunch and hang out with the veterans to pay their respects for their service and to learn about what they went through. (U.S. Air Force Photo by Airman 1st Class Betty R. Chevalier/Released)
This work, Lunch with a veteran [Image 1 of 3], by SrA Betty Chevalier, identified by DVIDS, is free of known copyright restrictions under U.S. copyright law.
Date Taken:11.13.2013
Date Posted:11.19.2013 11:09
Photo ID:1056061
Size:4.03 MB
Location:TUCSON, AZ, US


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Images: Third Audi SUV joins lineup
POSTED: 1:33 PM Jan 13 2014 UPDATED: 3:42 PM Jan 13 2014
Text Size:
Audi's smallest SUV will come with several high-end features, like a panoramic sunroof, leather seating, and lots of LED lighting, including in the cup holders.
The views expressed are not those of WCTI12.com, WCTI NewsChannel 12 or its affiliated companies. By posting your comments, you agree to accept our terms of use.


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TUSCALOOSA ?? Mykal Riley's miracle shot at the buzzer that sent the University of Alabama's Southeastern Conference quarterfinal game against Mississippi State into overtime on Friday night helped place his name as a selection on the 2008 SEC Men's Basketball All-Tournament team.
He is the only player on the five-man team who did not play in Sunday's SEC Championship game. Joining him on the All-Tournament team are tournament MVP Sundiata Gaines and Terrance Woodbury of Georgia and both Charles Thomas and Darian Townes of Arkansas. Georgia defeated Arkansas 66-57 Sunday for the SEC tournament championship.
He will be remembered as the player who hit a 3-point shot at the buzzer to tie the 2008 SEC tournament quarterfinal game at 59-59 to send it into overtime. Halfway into overtime on Friday night, around the 2:11 mark, an F2 tornado slammed into the Georgia Dome in Atlanta where the game was being played, thus making Riley a hero of sorts as, had he not made the shot, some fans would have been exiting the Dome just as the tornado struck.
"We were talking about it in the locker room during the delay," Riley said on Saturday just after the team returned to Tuscaloosa. "I think it was Brandon Hollinger who brought it up, and he and Ron Steele were saying that if we weren't in overtime, some people could be dead or injured and then everybody started talking about it (in the locker room). I've been thinking about it. I couldn't sleep last night because I kept thinking about it. A lot of people could be dead if that hadn't happened. I believe it was God. I keep thinking about how the ball just rolled in. It was supposed to happen so that no one would be hurt. I believe God had His hand in that to protect the people who were in the Dome."
Riley is a 6-foot-6 senior guard out of Pine Bluff, Arkansas who transferred to Alabama out of Panola Junior College last season. A college basketball success story, he only played one season of varsity basketball in high school and because of that was not recruited by Division I schools out of Pine Bluff High School. He is Alabama's first All-SEC Tournament Team member since Rod Grizzard made the team in 2002, a year Alabama advanced to the SEC tournament final and was also stopped by Mississippi State.
Alabama has produced 38 SEC All-Tournament team members, 14 between 1934 and 1952 when the league held tournaments annually (with the exception of 1935). The league discontinued its tournament after that 1952 tournament then picked it up again in 1979, a year Alabama advanced to the quarterfinal and Reginald King was named 1st team all-tournament. Riley is a rarity among Alabama's all-tournament team selections in that 28 of its All-SEC tournament selections came from UA teams that advanced to the finals. Six came from UA teams that made it as far as the semifinals, and Riley, King and two others in 1939 (George Prather and Blackie Thompson), came from Tide teams that didn't make it past two rounds.
Riley scored 18 points in Friday night's game against Mississippi State game which turned out to be the final one played in the Georgia Dome due to the tornado damage. He also had five steals. He scored 26 points, tying the SEC tournament record with eight 3-point shots (of 12) in the first round against Florida.


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In this complex, globalized, post 9/11 world, our operational partnerships have never been more important to our efforts to protect your communities.
Today, we work with colleagues at every level of government—local, state, federal, even international—across the law enforcement, intelligence, and first responder communities. We lead and take part in multi-agency task forces, intelligence groups and fusion centers, and public and private sector alliances. A number of our partners literally sit shoulder-to-shoulder with us in FBI space, just as we share our agents and analysts with other agencies. We work closely on joint investigations—sometimes taking the lead, sometimes taking a back seat to others, sometimes contributing equally among many agencies. Our work with our colleagues, in fact, is so intertwined today that it's often nearly impossible to separate the contributions of one agency from the next.
In Utah, Idaho, and Montana, our major partnerships include:
- The Salt Lake City Joint Terrorism Task Force brings together representatives from local, county, state, and federal agencies to assess any and all terrorism leads, develop and investigate cases, provide support for special events, and proactively identify threats that may impact the area and the nation. We also have satellite Joint Terrorism Task Forces working out of Boise and Coeur d'Alene, Idaho and Helena, Montana.
- The Salt Lake City Field Intelligence Group is a team of FBI agents and analysts who provide a full range of intelligence support on terrorism and criminal threats. They do this in collaboration with multi-agency state and local fusion centers in Utah, Idaho, and Montana.
- We participate in the FBI Counterintelligence Strategic Partnerships Program, which builds relationships between private industry, academia, government agencies, the FBI, and its counterintelligence community partners to identify and protect projects of great importance to the U.S. government.
- To battle cyber crime, we have a number of key partnerships:
- Our Innocent Images program investigates cases involving child pornography and the sexual exploitation of children. We collaborate with several law enforcement partners, including the Utah Attorney General's Office Internet Crimes Against Children (ICAC) Task Force, the Utah County Sex Crimes Task Force, and the St. George ICAC Task Force. Our partners in Idaho include the Boise and Coeur d'Alene ICAC task forces. In Montana, we work closely with the ICAC task forces in Billings, Helena, and Missoula.
- The Salt Lake City InfraGard Chapter is the local arm of a national information-sharing alliance between private industry, academia, and government focused on protecting critical national infrastructures in both the online and offline worlds. We have chapters in Salt Lake City and Boise that cover Utah, Idaho, and Montana.
- We also lead or take part in several major partnerships targeting violent crime:
- Our Salt Lake City Violent Crimes Task Force includes detectives from the West Valley City and Salt Lake City Police Departments, the Utah Department of Corrections, the U.S. Attorney's Office, the Salt Lake District Attorney's Office, and our special agents. Task force members pool their expertise and resources to target street gangs and violent criminals of all kinds. Crimes investigated include kidnapping, serial robbery, bank robbery, drug trafficking, and violations of the Hobbs Act, which allows for federal prosecution of criminals who commit robberies at local businesses such as pharmacies.
- The Salt Lake City Division participates in or facilitates other important partnerships:
- The Human Trafficking Task Force is made up of more than 10 local police jurisdictions, various non-government agencies (NGOs), and several federal agencies, including the FBI and U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement. The task force is funded through a grant by the Bureau of Justice Assistance and is administered by the Salt Lake City Police Department in conjunction with the U.S. Attorney's Office. It investigates possible cases of human trafficking, including forced labor, sex trafficking, and domestic servitude. The cases are initiated through law enforcement contacts, tips from concerned citizens, or reports from victims themselves. Those harmed by these crimes are often individuals who have entered the U.S. illegally and are not familiar with the laws in this country. The offender typically uses force, fraud, or coercion to keep the victim working and from turning to law enforcement for help.
- At the Intermountain West Regional Computer Forensics Laboratory (RCFL), we work side by side with law enforcement partners from Utah, Idaho, and Montana to provide forensic computer analysis and service to law enforcement agencies in all three states. Agencies throughout these states assign trained law enforcement personnel to our RCFL. Our partners include the Billings Police Department, the Ada County Sheriff's Office, the Weber County Sheriff's Office, the Davis County Sheriff's Office, the Salt Lake County Sheriff's Office, the Salt Lake Police Department, the West Valley City Police Department, the Sandy City Police Department, the Utah Department of Public Safety, the Utah Attorney General's Office, and the U.S. Attorney's Office for the District of Utah.


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SOCCER: Park's Grove Leads All-Valley Girls' Team
December 2, 2012 Wheeling Park was the dominant girls' soccer program in the OVAC from 1997-2007, winning a string of 11 straight OVAC Cup Tournament titles. Then things hit a surprisingly rough patch. more »»
GIRLS' SOCCER: Linsly 5 John Marshall 1
October 9, 2012 WHEELING — Taylor Cunningham scored two goals and Kaitlin Snyder, Miriam Nwachukwu, and Maleha Kureishy each added one as Linsly (12-5-1) beat John Marshall. more »»
Girls' Soccer: Wheeling Park Tops Linsly
October 4, 2012 WHEELING — For the last four seasons, Wheeling Park and Linsly's girls' soccer teams have met up at Wheeling Island Stadium in early October not just for a city-rivalry, but for a great cause, The... more »»
GIRLS' SOCCER: Linsly Misses Upset
September 30, 2012 WHEELING — If anyone knows what the OVAC Cup Tournament means to Linsly, its Morgantown coach Ashley Neal. more »»
Linsly Moves on to Semis
September 26, 2012 ST. CLAIRSVILLE — The Linsly girls' soccer team will take on Morgantown at 9 a.m. more »»
Girls' Soccer: Brooke, Linsly Tie
September 20, 2012 Brooke 0, Linsly 0 WELLSBURGH — Morgan Brunner made eight saves as Linsly and Brooke ended in a tie. Marena Cline made three saves for the Bruins (6-5-2). more »»
GIRLS' SOCCER: Linsly 7, Oak Glen 1
September 18, 2012 NEW MANCHESTER — Maleha Kureishy and Kaitlin Snyder each scored twice as Linsly improved to 10-3 with a victory against Oak Glen. more »»
GIRLS' SOCCER: Linsly Downs Steubenville Catholic
September 14, 2012 Linsly 4, Steubenville Catholic 1 STEUBENVILLE — Taylor Cunningham, Maleha Kureishy, Kaitlyn Snyder, and Miriam Nwachukwu each notched goals as Linsly (8-3) bested Steubenville Catholi. more »»
Cadets Shut Out Red Riders
September 11, 2012 WHEELING — Injuries and youth are two things that the Linsly girls' soccer team have been fighting all season lon. more »»
GIRLS' SOCCER: Linsly 4 Parkersburg South 2
September 9, 2012 WHEELING — Kaitlin Snyder scored three goals as Linsly beat Parkersburg South. Taylor Cunningham also scored and had an assist for the Cadets (6-3) while Morgan Brunner had five saves. more »»
Girls' Soccer: University 1, Linsly 0
September 6, 2012 WHEELING — Elizabeth Custer scored the only goal as University edged Linsly. Morgan Brunner stopped four shots for the Cadets (4-3). more »»
GIRLS' SOCCER: Snyder Registers Hat Trick as Linsly Girls Blank Edison
September 2, 2012 RICHMOND — Kaitlyn Snyder recorded a hat trick as Linsly blanked Edison, 7-0, in prep girls' soccer action Saturday. more »»
GIRLS SOCCER: Snyder Nets Game-Winner for Linsly
August 28, 2012 ST. CLAIRSVILLE — A pair of highly touted girls' soccer teams met Monday night at rain-soaked Red Devil Stadium in St. Clairsville. more »»
GIRLS SOCCER: Western Reserve 5, Linsly 3
August 26, 2012 WHEELING — Taylor Cunningham scored a goal but it was not enough as Linsly fell to Western Reserve. more »»


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'Star Wars: The Clone Wars' Soundtrack Set For August 12 Release
8/2/2008 3:30pm EDT
RCA Red Seal, Sony Classical, deutsche harmonia mundi, Masterworks Broadway and Masterworks Jazz are labels of SONY BMG MASTERWORKS. For e-mail updates and information regarding RCA Red Seal, Sony Classical, RCA deutsche harmonia mundi, Masterworks Broadway and Masterworks Jazz artists, promotions, tours and repertoire, please visit www.sonybmgmasterworks.com.
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Hi am looking to learn to fly fish. I am willing to spend $200 dollars for a rod and reel. I want to get a rod and reel that I won't grow out of too fast once I learn to fly fish. Thx. Chase.
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Arbit's Social Responsibility- AIDS Awareness
'Arbit Choudhury's Social Responsibility' section is the place where Arbit, his friends and his Creators will extend their whole hearted support to Social Projects and Awareness Campaigns. Though Arbit Choudhury is all about humor, we would like to utilize Arbit's popularity do your little bit for important social causes.
AIDS Awareness
The Arbit Choudhury Team is a keen supporter of the AIDS awareness campaign.
On World AIDS Day every year, we release a special comic strip dedicated to spreading awareness about AIDS.
Your feedback & suggestions on this new section on Social Responsibility are welcome. If you think Arbit can help some other Social Responsibility Projects, we would like to hear from you about them. Write to us at firstname.lastname@example.com, firstname.lastname@example.com , email@example.com


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I was able to take all my tomato seedlings outside for some sunshine yesterday, but today is pretty windy so they are back under the lights.
They are still looking great!
I have had a few people ask about my seed starting shelves, so here are a few more pictures:
I basically screwed eyelet screws into the sides of the plastic shelves and attached the shop lights with garden wire. I can raise and lower the lights when I untwist the wire. I use one soft light and one daylight (T12s). The lights on the top shelf are attached with the chains that came with the shop lights but it is difficult to raise and lower them, so I switched to the garden wire.
I moved almost everything but the tomatoes and peppers out to the coldframe to harden off. For a list of everything I am growing look here: 2011 Garden Progress


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|Protocol to the OAU Convention on the Prevention and Combating of Terrorism
|African Union
|Publication Date
|8 July 2004
|Human rights and fundamental freedoms | Regional instruments | Terrorism | Treaties / Agreements / Charters / Protocols / Conventions / Declarations
|Related Document
|Protocole à la Convention de l'OUA sur la prévention et la lutte contre le terrorisme
|Cite as
|African Union, Protocol to the OAU Convention on the Prevention and Combating of Terrorism, 8 July 2004, available at: http://www.refworld.org/docid/493fe4d92.html [accessed 25 May 2016]
|Adopted by the third ordinary session of the Assembly of the African Union on 8 July 2004.
|This is not a UNHCR publication. UNHCR is not responsible for, nor does it necessarily endorse, its content. Any views expressed are solely those of the author or publisher and do not necessarily reflect those of UNHCR, the United Nations or its Member States.


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Telling Facts and Naming Names Since 1993
Ellen Brown is an attorney, founder of the Public Banking Institute, and author of twelve books including the best-selling Web of Debt. Her latest book, The Public Bank Solution, explores successful public banking models historically and globally. Her 300+ blog articles are at EllenBrown.com.


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Law, Ideology and the Gallows in 18th and 19th century England
© John Lea 2004
In the previous lecture we looked at eighteenth century England as a time of transition, illustrated by rising crime
The eighteenth century criminal justice system
This also during the eighteenth century is involved in a complicated transition between old and new, between the old localised and personalised justice of the Middle Ages and the modern system of the relatively impartial application of the law by trained judges and magistrates assisted by a professional police force.
By modern standards the eighteenth century system seems arbitrary, brutal and inefficient. It was all of these but it is important to understand that it reflected a way of life which was in decline but in terms of which it made a great deal of sense.
justice: decentralised and personal
The criminal justice system was still based very much on the old system of personal relations. As we have already seen, in the Middle Ages crime not against property or persons in the abstract but against my property or the property of the Duke of Northumberland or wherever. As we have already noted, criminal laws reflected this way of looking at things. Rather than a law against allowing one's horse to foul the footway in public places there would be a law against horses fouling the footway on Westminster Bridge and then another law about doing the same thing on Fulham Bridge and so on. People did not think in terms of abstractions but in terms of particular relations between particular people and activities in particular places. Similarly, most crimes were dealt with in a very decentralised local way. Local landowners would hold their own courts. Only serious offences would go to the King's courts. Most everyday offences among poor people would be settled out of court anyway.
By the eighteenth century things had become a bit more like the modern system. Wealthy landowners, rather than holding their own courts had for some centuries delegated their power to local officials: parish constables and Justices of the Peace. But in many respects the system continued the older traditions. Justices of the Peace felt loyalty to 'their betters'(i.e. the local landowner) rather than directly to the 'Crown' or yet alone 'the people'. The local landowning aristocracy resisted any encroachments from the centre.
All talk of a national police force or public prosecutors, such as had been created in France in the 17th century was regarded as Continental tyranny. In France Louis XIV had established a Royal Police in 1667 under with explicit aim of strengthening royal authority in all fields of life. Public Prosecutors were the Kings agents. But the English landowning aristocracy valued the fact that their predecessors had checked the growth of centralised Royal Power long ago during the Middle Ages. The 'great charter' or Magna Carta had concluded conflict between the King and the great Barons in the 12th century. The organisation of justice reflected therefore the local power of the landowner as much as that of the King. While Scotland (a separate Kingdom until 1708) was a little more like the Continent, the English legal system was overwhelmingly decentralised and local. For the people, law and crime contro was much more rooted in everyday life and community, than in systems where police and judges represented only distant Royal power.
The victim as prosecutor
England was quite unique in having the victim as the initiator of criminal prosecutions. It only began to decline well into the nineteenth century. It was up to victim, rather than state officials, to initiate investigation and prosecution.
During the eighteenth century:
This was, by the eighteenth century becoming increasingly expensive and thus the tradition whereby the poor settled most of their cases out of court continued. On occasion, if the offender was fined by a court but was too poor to pay the court might turn around and charge the prosecutor! Thus often a threat of prosecution rather than actual prosecution would surfice to extract a compensatory payment. If the crime was not a felony but only involved personal property then restitituion between the parties, even with magistrate supervising, would be cheaper and more appropriate.
Focus on trial rather than on detection
In this traditional system of localised, highly personalised justice the main instrument was the court and the trial. Most offenders would be known to their victims and so criminal law could take a form much closer to that of civil dispute. Crime detection and policing methods were elementary and crude (see below) Courts waited, as it were, for matters to be brought before them. The role of Justice of the Peace was to decide whether there was a 'case to answer' The complaint would be brought by the victim, or in serious casees by a representative of the Crown.
The emphasis was on the trial: this was the personal confrontation between disputants, victim-prosecutor and defendant. It was still seen as very much a personal confrontation between someone and their accuser rather than the state impartially enforcing the law. Crime was a particular violation by one person of another, rather than a violation of 'the criminal law'. Remember that despite the crime problem in London and the towns, noted above, the vast majority of the population still lived in the countryside where relations were still mainly between people who knew each other and were acutely aware of social status and 'standing'. Once the criminal trial was underway it retained the character of a personal and direct confrontation between prosecutor and defendant. The general character of court proceedings is described by James Beattie
Personal intervention by ruling elite
In a similar way a local person of influence such as the local landowner might put pressure on the magistrates for a pardon, or even to discontinue proceeds, in a particular case. Nowadays we would see this a outrageous interference with the due process of law. That is not to say that such things don't happen. The courts still tend to treat upper class fraudsters with more lenience than working class shoplifters. But that aside, we no longer have a situation where the local squire or inflential man of property might have a word in the ear of the magistrate to secure a pardon.
But this was the last residue of the system going back to the Middle Ages in which it had been the local landowner himself, the squire, or Duke or whatever, who dispensed justice. As we noted above, the Justice of the Peace or Magistrate originated as his nominee. Douglas Hay, in a brilliant article, pointed out that this last breath of the older personalised justice still fulfilled important ideological functions of legitimising social structure in the eyes of the rural masses.
Thus the local squire or landowner putting in a good word for one of his labourers helped to consolidate his personal standing and power in the community. This system of personal power was, as Hay makes clear, on the way out in favour of a more impersonal rule of law, which had the virtual of treating everyone equally – in theory. Thinkers like the English philosopher and reformer Jeremy Bentham and the Italian jurist Cesare Beccaria were writing brillian defences of the modern notion of the rule of law and calling for reform of the system. The new system, as we shall see in future lectures, was more adapted to urban capitalist society in which legal relations, relations of offender and victim, are between strangers. But the important point here is not to think of the old system as corrupt, but as the expression of a particular type of class relations between landowners and their labourers, an essentially rural and status conscious society which has now passed away.
The masses and the law
The masses, therefore, had quite a complex relationship with the law. On the one hand, in the rural areas, many still deferred to the judgement of their 'betters' in the way suggested by Hay above. On the other hand the period was one of great conflict as we have already seen (see the lecture on crime and protest). Thus in many respects the masses despised the law, not just because of the expense of victim-initiated prosecutions but because of the way the law was being used to usurp their traditional rights. As the historian Edward Thompson put it.
But at the same time the legal system cannot function in the eyes of the poor as a form of legitimation for the unequal structure of society unless it delivers some benefits to them. As Thompson noted, the rule of law, the impartial application of the law between different social classes, a notion gaining strength during the period, and displacing the old rural deference. These new ideas served to link the masses to the system. Thompson described the rule of law as "an unqualified human good ... (which) ... while it did mediate existent class relations to the advantage of the rulers ... mediated these class relations through legal forms which imposed, again and again, inhibitions upon the actions of the rulers." (Thompson 1977: 264-5)
Other historians have echoed these themes. David Philips, though somewhat critical of Thompson, makes similar points
He continues:
It is estimated that at Essex Quarter Sessions during the period 1760-1800 a sixth of the prosecutors were labourers.
inefficiency in the face of change
But remember, the eighteenth century, especially the second half, was a period of increasingly rapid change. The emergence of market relations, the growth of towns, trade and wage labour. The early stages of the Industrial Revolution were underway. We have already seen that crime rates were generally rising and that a substantial part of this crime, social crime, was a form of resistance by the masses to these changes. The result of growing social crime and conflict during was that the system in many country areas was breaking down. Poaching cases would attract crowds outside the courthouse who would attack the gamekeepers who had prosecuted or given witness against the poachers. Often troops had to be called in to restore order. The frequency of riots over bread prices and other issues highlighted the general inefficiency of the systems of control at the disposal of the ruling class, in particular the dependency on the military as the only force capable of restoring public order.
Meanwhile the new middle classes in the towns, particularly the merchants, manufacturers, lawyers and professional classes saw rising crime as a symptom of the need for new forms of control of the lower orders. There had been public panics about crime and street robbery in London and other towns at regular intervals during the eighteenth century. Phillip Rawlings quotes a London newspaper in 1749 to the effect that:
The magistrate and novelist, Henry Fielding, remarked, around the same time, that a gentleman had to venture abroad at midday as if dressed for war. There were frequent moral panics among the rich about marauding gangs of housebreakers and robbers. Indeed almost any gathering of the poor was apt to be regarded as a dangerous gang. (Thompson 1977)
Urban England in the mid-eighteenth century was therefore a precarious place: towns were beginning to expand, the new social relations of wage labour were expanding, the size of the urban 'mob' was increasing, yet the mechanisms whereby the ruling classes could exercise control over this new population were crude and inefficient. The rulers had no sophisticated methods of political negotiation and control, there were no established relations between the new urban masses and the ruling elites to replace the old rural relations of personal deference which were in decline in the urban context. And remember that until the Great Reform Act of 1832 which extended the franchise to the middle classes the national government itself was not even in the hands of the urban middle classes but still the great rural landed aristocracy predominated.
The key issue was the transition from (to use Foucault's distinction) sovereignty to government: from a world in which crime was simply a wrong, a personal interaction between individuals or individuals and their superiors, to one in which crime was disruption, in which an offence against the criminal law was a disruption of the public peace and of the effective working of society. This meant a shift from the centrality of the court (as the place where disputants would confront one another) with no implications for the working of society, to the centrality of police and crime detection (as minimising disruption to the working of society)
Policing, such as it was, was rather inefficient in this new urban context. The old system was a mixture of Night Watchmen and 'Thief takers' who were private individuals employed by the wealthy and by magistrates. The system was certainly vulnerable to corruption: thief takers on occasion entered into alliances with thieves to share rewards for the return of stolen property (one is reminded of the old saying: 'set a thief to catch a thief') The bad reputation thief takers is in no small measure due to the exploits of the notorious Jonathan Wild who styled himself as 'Thief Taker General of Great Britain and Ireland'. He was exposed in 1725 as a leading reciever of stolen goods.
The wealthy themselves were frequently reluctant to be magistrates in urban areas. Many lower middle class magistrates, during the latter part of the century, accepted payment for executing warrants for the arrest of offenders. The quality of these 'trading justices' was regarded as low and the Conservative writer Edmund Burke denounced them as 'scum of the earth' It is as well to remember, however, that payment for services can be seen as a continuation the older tradition in which personal relations predominated over any notion of the impartial application of law.
There was much talk in the latter part of the century about the establishment of a New Police at the turn of the century Robert Peel who became Tory Prime Minister made several attempts in parliament to set up a professional full time police force. He was thwarted (until he finally suceeded in 1829) by country landowners, still powerful in parliament before 1832. Their resistance was quite rational. As we have already seen, their control over the local criminal justice system enhanced their rule and status. If it came to tracking offenders then they had plenty of gamekeepers and retainers at their disposal. The traditional fear of the French model of a powerful centralised national police was anathema to the English gentry and their notion of liberty. But the urban middle and lower middle classes had quite a different problem of security. As Philips comments
In the early years of the nineteenth century it was the aftermath of the Napoleonic wars and the growing fear of the urban masses becoming revolutionary which finally tipped the balance in Peel's favour. But at that point the issue was public order and rebellion rather than tracking down criminal offenders. Indeed during the anti-Catholic Gordon riots in 1780 a mob had taken over the centre of London for 5 successive days. This concentrated the minds of those who resisted the idea of a new police, again not so much from the perspective of effective thieftaking but the more general issue of public order. We shall discuss this in a future lecture.
preliminary moves towards the modern system
There were however, some important moves in the direction of the modern system of criminal justice and police in London. Among leading innovators were the Fielding brothers, John and Henry. Henry Fielding in his early criminology text (1751) Enquiry into the Late Increase of Robbers argued that responsibility for prosecution be taken out of the hands of the victim. Parliament subsequently took steps to remedy the increasing cost, and hence increasing difficulty, of criminal prosecutions. The basic approach was to recompense the prosecutor from state funds, rather like the awarding of costs in the civil courts. Reimbursement of Prosecution Acts were passed in 1770 and 1818 and were included in the Criminal Justice Act of 1826. These enactments did not challenge the system of private prosecution but simply tried to shore it up by making it easier for individuals to undertake prosecution. A good deal of innovation was entirely private. Wealthy people from quite early on in the century would form Associations for the Prosecution of Felons. These organisations took subscriptions much like an insurance company and could hire 'thieftakers' (which today would be called private detectives) and would pay the costs of prosecution. The growth of newspapers in latter eighteenth century aided the process - people would advertise and offer a reward for information. The government joined in during the 1728 crime panic in London and offered rewards and immunity from prosecution for informants. Informants were crucial in tracking offenders in the absence of a police force with a detective capacity.
But what the Fieldings understood was the necessity to move beyond a focus on prosecution and the penalties at the disposal of the courts, towards a concern with effective crime detection. As we shall see presently, the predominant response by the old regime to the rising crime of the eighteenth century was simply to prescribe horrendous penalties for crime. But the leading thinkers from the professions and urban middle classes understood clearly that the inflicting of inhumane penalties would not solve the crime problem when the rate of detection of crime was so low. This view was shared by the Fieldings, Patrick Colquhoun, Jeremy Bentham and other modernisers and reformers. It was no good increasing the penalties at the disposal of the courts if the chances of an offender being actually brought to court were very slim. The modernity this approach was the orientation to tackling crime as a social problem rather than simply a dispute between individuals or a violation of the King's authority, The need therefore was for an effective police detective system.'
John Fielding, as Magistrate at Bow Street in London's Covent Garden district had a chance to put some of these ideas into practice. He inaugurated his own force of thieftakers, known as 'Bow Street runners', who would apprehend offenders under the direction of Magistrates rather than in response to payment by the victim or at their own initiative. In 1772 he published a plan whereby Magistrates in different areas would exchange information about crime. In 1792 new professional paid (stipendiary) magistrates began to appear. Known as 'Police magistrates' they were part of a process whereby Police Offices established in various districts of London each with 3 magistrates who employed 6 paid court runners on the model of Fieldings system at Bow Street. These were, in effect, what on the Continent were known as judicial police, police officials working under the direction of the magistrate. This judicial police system continued until till 1839 and, like the older local parish Night Watchman system, operated for a time alongside Peels new Metropolitan Police founded in 1829. Indeed by 1822 there were in fact substantial horse and foot patrols operating from the Police Offices and the Parish Night Watch systems using paid professional constables. So Peel's new police did not come exactly out of the blue. It was the culmination of a number of innovations which preceded it.
Patrick Colquhoun, as we have already noted, followed the same lines by setting up his private Thames Marine Police in 1798 at Wapping. Colquhoun, remember, saw not just robbers but the working class as a whole as a virtual criminal conspiracy. His Thames Police Office at Wapping had three paid (stipendiary) magistrates and 100 constables. The system was paid for by subscription from merchants and warehouse owners at the docks with the main aim of controlling pilferage. Two years before setting up his police Colquhoun had published, in 1795, his Treatise on the Police of the Metropolis which was very influenced by the ideas of his mentor, the philosopher Jeremy Bentham who had published in 1791 his own Panopticon, or the Inspection House. Bentham's ideas were crucial in understanding the development of the modern prison and we shall return to them later. The other great thinker, the Italian, Cesare Beccaria had published his Dei Delitti e delle Pene (On Crime and Punishment) and between them these people were the advanced thinkers of very modern thoughts on crime and punishment. From the publication dates of these texts we can see that the last third of the eighteenth century was a period when a whole body of new progressive thinking was being articulated. This was the cutting-edge thinking of the day and some of the urban reforms of criminal justice were being influenced by it. But at the same time the ruling elite as a whole had, throughout the century been responding to rising crime in the traditional way: increasing the penalties for crime. The eighteenth century is known as the age of the Bloody Code. That is to say, a legal system based on hanging, a legal system covered in blood.
The Bloody Code
As theft was becoming more of an issue as we have described above, so the authorities did the only thing they knew and intensified the penalties. It would be some time before it was generally understood that the best way to deal with crime is to increase the certainty of detection rather than simply impose more severe penalties. The ruling elites hung on to the law and the gallows as the main mechanism of rule at their disposal. The expansion of crimes which carry capital punishment (the death penalty) is a major feature of the period. Not only murderers but thieves, rapists, forgers, were hung. In 1688 there were 50 offences which carried the death penalty. This is amazing by modern standards when even murder gets only imprisonment, but by 1800 there were 200 offences punishable by hanging. The eighteenth century was thus a period of expanding use of capital punishment. People were being hung for all manner of petty crimes. Some court records show that during the two years 1774-6 people were hung for arson, cattle stealing, 'destroying silk on a loom', 'wilfully wounding a horse', sheep stealing, swearing false oathes, 'impersonating another to receive a seaman's wage', and similar.
In London, the executions at Tyburn (near Marble Arch) were public spectacles - ballads, speeches from the gallows, the exitement of the crowd and a worrying trend (from the standpoint of the ruling classes) of sympathy with certain types of criminals such as Highwaymen. From the point of view of the ruling classes the importance of public execution was the role of spectacle: pomp and ceremony, the awe-inspiring shadow of the gallows. Execution was as much a symbolic exercise of class rule as an efficient method for dealing with crime. But it should not be thought that the Bloody Code was purely and simply the old aristocracy attempting to enforce traditional feudal conceptions of punishment descended from the Middle Ages in which the public execution demonstrated the might, power, and awesome majesty of the King as he publically executed those subjects who had dared violate his law. That was of course part of it, but the emerging new urban capitalist society and its representatives, the new middle classes, the bourgeoisie did not dispute with the older landed interests that the matter at hand was rising crime and the disciplining of the new urban mob. Execution was the discipline of last resort which lay behind the new economic forces which would hopefully discipline the new working class. As Edward Thompson put it, In place of the old controls of deference and a variety of local punishments
The Bloody Code was thus certainly an intensification of traditional techniques of control but it was being applied to a whole new range of offences and thereby becoming harsher. This harshness was part of an attempt to grapple with the new tasks of disciplining the working class which, working for wages rather than by custom and tradition, had abandoned the old habits of deference towards the 'Master' (employer)
But hanging was a blunt instrument and contradicted the new ideas gaining ground which would eventually substitute the quieter but more enduring discipline of the Penitentiary (prison) for the 'shock and awe' of the gallows. Despite the severe penalties relatively small numbers of people were caught for precisely the reasons discussed above: the absence of effective police. Smaller numbers were indicted even when caught as victim-prosecutors thought twice about intiating a prosecution, even if they could afford it, that might end in death. Ideas and sensitivities were changing. Despite the fear of the new urban masses the new attitude was to concentrate on how they could be disciplined and made into compliant workers rather than how they could be terrorised and killed.
Thus even among those actually convicted of capital offences (offences carrying the death penalty) far fewer were actually hung. Thus in London and Middlesex between 1749 and 1799, in 24 out of these years at least half of the capitally convicted were reprieved. Juries were increasingly reluctant to send petty criminals to the gallows. This reflected, especially in urban contexts, less the 'mercy' dispensed by the landed aristocracy by a word in the ear of the magistrate and more the concern of the rising middle classes (who were sitting on juries) that the punishment should precisely fit the crime. Judges reprieved, and juries tended to convict of a lesser offence those whom they thought should not go to the gallows. Ideas of proportionality, and that punishment for most ordinary crime should be a reforming experience rather than a public spectacle and pageant of power, were gaining ground
Transportation to the Americas and later, Australia, was the second common penalty and many hangings were in fact commuted to transportation. Transportation began in 1718. By the American War of Independence in 1775, around 50,000 indentured convicts had been sent to these colonies. Judges who sat in courts in the port cities such as Bristol and Liverpool were often wealthy merchants and plantation owners. While the main labour force for their sugar and cotton plantations were slaves from Africa, they thought nothing of sentencing petty criminals to years of hard labour on their own property. While the conditions in the penal colonies were often as harsh as on the slave plantations, there was a crucial difference: the convicts could, in theory, look forward to freedom after they had served their sentence, while the slave could not.
After American Independence penal colonies were continued in Jamaica and other Caribbean islands, but transportation declined and, with the decreasing use of the gallows, many convicts were housed in 'hulks' - disused ships anchored in the Thames Estuary. In 1787 transportation began a new lease of life with penal colonies in Botany Bay and Van Dieman's Land (in Australia) Transportation was officially abolished in 1857 but well before that date had slowed to a trickle already due to mounting protests from Australia. The whole attitude to punishment on the part of the ruling class was changing. Transportation was essentially a transitional phase in the move from execution to imprisonment as the core of punishment.
Beattie, John (1986) Crime and the Courts in England 1600-1800. Princeton University Press.
Beattie, John (2001). Policing and punishment in London, 1660-1750: urban crime and the limits of terror. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Hay, Douglas (1975) 'Property Authority and the Criminal Law' in Hay, D. et al.
eds. Albion's Fatal Tree: Crime and Society in Eighteenth Century England. London: Allen Lane.
Langbein, John (2003) The Origins of the Adversary Criminal Trial. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Philips D. (1977) Crime and Authority in Victorian England: The Black Country 1836-60. London: Croom Helm
Philips, D. (1980) 'A New Engine of Power and Authority' The Institutionalisation of Law Enforcement in England 1750-1830 in Gatrell, V. et al. eds. Crime and the Law. London: Europa Publications
Rawlings, Philip (1999) Crime and Power: A History of Criminal Justice 1688-1988. London: Longman.
Thompson, Edward. (1968) The Making of the English Working Class. Harmondsworth: Penguin Books.
Thompson, Edward (1977) Whigs and Hunters: The Origins of the Black Act. Harmondsworth: Penguin Books.


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Walt Disney World Resort will pixie dust the night skies July 4 with special pyrotechnic shows, including a patriotic display at Magic Kingdom, a rockn'roll spectacular at Disneys Hollywood Studios and a classic sky show at Epcot infused with an Independence Day finale. Heres how you can celebrate Americas birthday Disney-style:
- Magic Kingdom will present Disneys Celebrate America! A Fourth of July Concert in the Sky. This patriotic fireworks spectacular, paying homage to the hopes and dreams of Americas forefathers, will light the skies at 9 p.m. July 4 and for guests who would like to begin the Independence Day celebration early, the show also will be presented July 3 at 9 p.m.
- At Disneys Hollywood Studios, traditional Fourth of July fireworks take on a different spin when Mulch, Sweat, and Shears perform for the all-new Rockin 4th of July Celebration. These resident landscapers with serious rock and roll ambitions take Disney guests on a musical road trip across America that will highlight each regions contribution to rock and roll. Fireworks, lighting and special effects backed by the driving live rock and roll of Mulch, Sweat, and Shears combine to bring a new twist to celebrating Independence Day. Showtime July 4 is 9:45 p.m. Before the show, Disneys Hollywood Studios guests can catch Disneys Fantasmic!, performing July 4 at 9 p.m.
- At Epcot, sky-watchers can check out IllumiNations: Reflections of Earth bursting high above World Showcase Lagoon. IllumiNations is a 14-minute spectacular during which pyrotechnics, lasers, water and music are all used to tell a story about the past, present and future of our planet. On the Fourth of July, the show will be enhanced with The Heartbeat of Freedom, an overture of traditional Americana themes displayed in a pyrotechnic and laser light event. The show is at 10 p.m.
In addition, Epcot guests may lend their ears to Voices of Liberty 4th of July Concert and meet with Benjamin Franklin, Betsy Ross and Disney characters adorned in patriotic dress at American Adventure.
Theme park hours on July 4 (subject to change without notice): Magic Kingdom, 9 a.m.-11 p.m.; Epcot, 9 a.m.-10 p.m.; Disneys Hollywood Studios, 9 a.m.-10 p.m.; and Disneys Animal Kingdom, 8 a.m.-7 p.m.


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The NIA was today directed by a Delhi court to produce before it on March 13 Pakistani-American David Coleman Headley, his accomplice Tahawwur Rana, LeT founder Hafiz Saeed and 26/11 attack mastermind Zaki-ur-Rehman Lakhvi, accused of carrying out several terror attacks in India.
The court also issued non-bailable warrants (NBW) against Pakistan Army officials Major Iqbal and Major Sameer Ali, Al-Qaeda operative Illyas Kashmiri, Headley's handler Sajid Malik and former Pakistani Army officer Abdul Rehman Hashmi.
District Judge H S Sharma took cognizance of the chargesheet filed by the National Investigation Agency (NIA) against all the nine accused for their alleged roles in various terror acts in the country.
"In view of facts contained in the report (chargesheet) under section 173 of the CrPC, 1973 and the documents placed on record, I take cognizance against accused one to accused nine. I would like to add that the prosecution is still in the process of collecting more evidence which is permissible under section 173 (8) of the CrPC.
"Process to procure the presence of accused one to accused four (Headley, Rana, Saeed and Lakhvi) be got issued for March 13, 2012. NBWs against accused five to accused nine (other accused) have already been issued for that day," the judge said.
The court also allowed the NIA's plea to issue a letter of request to the Kingdom of Morocco for judicial assistance.
"What the NIA intends to do is to investigate the matter i.e. to collect more evidence. Without having the assistance of the court or the authority in Kingdom of Morocco, it would not be possible for the investigating agency to collect evidence against the accused.... The investigation can not be throttled," the court said, adding, the letter of request would be handed over to the NIA on February 29.
The NIA, in its charge sheet filed on December 24, had accused 51-year-old Headley, Rana, Saeed and six others for planning and executing terror strikes in India, including the 26/11 Mumbai attack.
The NIA had initially registered a case against Headley and Rana but after a thorough probe, seven other names were included in the case.
The charge sheet, which was filed after two years of probe by the central agencies, contained statements of 134 witnesses along with 210 documents and 106 e-mails.
Headley and Rana are at present in the custody of the US authorities and the NIA has only got a limited access to Headley who had


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Earlier this month, this. Now, this:
Support Gay Marriage, or Else.
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Separation and competition are not the answer.
Stop me if you have heard this one before, 101 lesbians walk into a bar, and the bartender says…
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David Lee Discusses the Contents of Privacy Policies
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Polsinelli Podcast - What Employers Need to Know About Using Background Checks
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Schrems & The Collapse of Safe Harbor: What Are The Alternatives to EU Data Collection?
The Schrems Decision and Safe Harbor: Can you bring tools to the data?
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In a sign of increased cross-border cooperation for enforcement purposes, the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) recently signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) with the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications...more
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Pics to follow. I left my camera at work.
About 6 months ago, my co-worker gave me his old Scott Boulder mountain bike.
It's been hanging in the garage ever since.
It's a nice 4130 chromoly frame with Sram Rocket Shifters, LX rear derailleur, Rock Shox Indy XC fork, and "old school" geometry.
The original tires were all rotted out, so I threw on a set of Velociraptors. Pulled the chain off and soaked it in the parts washer for a few minutes. Washed down all the rest and used some rubbing compound to shine up the frame a bit.
I was going to replace the cables, but they were still smooth after sitting for 2 or 3 years, so I left them alone (other than lubing them). The exposed portions looked a bit rusted, but they worked fine.
When I was first given the bike, I estimated I would have to get new tires, all new cables and completely rebuild the fork.
All I had to do was replace the tires and clean the thing. $0.00 spent!
I went for a short ride with my son (he's 6.5 y.o.) and we rode about 5.5 miles at the park.
The Scott is a great 'free' bike.
The geometry is completely different than my Enduro SX Trail, but there are also about 12 - 14 years difference.
The top tube is short for a 20.5" frame and it's got a long 120mm stem and a flat bar. I rolled down this tiny little hill and almost went over the bars. I'm not used to riding is such a forward position.
I'm probably going to keep it as a play around bike and a spare for friends. It was fun, but I like my Enduro better, although riding a (I'm guessing here) 27 lb bike vs my 33 lb bike made me consider my choice of bikes. Do I really need a 6" travel full suspension bike?