text:
157/96 - Association Pour la Sauvegarde de la Paix au Burundi /Tanzania, Kenya, Uganda, Rwanda, Zaire and Zambia
20 th session: Commissioner Duarte
21 st session: Commissioner Ondziel-Gnelenga
22 nd session: Commissioner Ondziel-Gnelenga
23 rd session: Commissioner Ondziel-Gnelenga
24 th session: Commissioner Ondziel-Gnelenga
25 th session: Commissioner Ondziel-Gnelenga
26 th session: Commissioner Rezag Bara
27 th session: Commissioner Rezag Bara
28 th session: Commissioner Rezag Bara
29 th Session: Commissioner Rezag Bara
30 th session: Commissioner Rezag Bara
31 st session: Commissioner Rezag Bara
32 nd session: Commissioner Rezag Bara
33 rd session: Commissioner Rezag Bara
Summary of Facts:
1. The communication was submitted by the Association Pour la Sauvegarde de la Paix au Burundi (ASP-Burundi, Association for the Preservation of Peace in Burundi), a non-governmental organisation based in Belgium. The communication pertains to the embargo imposed on Burundi by Tanzania, Kenya, Uganda, Rwanda, Zaire (now Democratic Republic of Congo), Ethiopia, and Zambia following the overthrow of the democratically elected government of Burundi and the installation of a government led by retired military ruler, Major Pierre Buyoya with the support of the military.
2. The Respondent states cited in the communication are all in the Great Lakes region, neighbouring Burundi and therefore have an interest in peace and stability in their region. At the Summit of the Great Lakes summit held in Arusha, Tanzania on 31 July 1996 following the unconstitutional change of government in Burundi, a resolution was adopted imposing an embargo on Burundi. The resolution was later supported by the United Nations Security Council and by the OAU. All except the Federal Republic of Ethiopia were, at the time of the submission of the communication, state parties to the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights. Ethiopia acceded to the African Charter on 17 June 1998.
The Complaint:
3. The Complainant claims that the embargo violates -:
4. The communication also alleges violation of Articles 3(1), (2) and (3) of the OAU Charter, because the embargo constitutes interference in the internal affairs of Burundi.
5. The communication is dated 18 th September 1996 and was received at the Secretariat on 30 th September 1996.
6. At its 20 th session, held in October 1996 in Grand Bay, Mauritius, the Commission decided to be seized of the communication.
7. On 10 th December 1996, the Secretariat sent copies of the communication to the Ugandan, Kenyan, Tanzanian, Zambian, Zairian and Rwandan governments.
8. On 12 th December 1996, a letter was sent to the Complainant indicating that the admissibility of the communication would be considered at the 21 st session.
9. At its 21 st session, held in April 1997, the Commission decided to be seized of the communication and deferred consideration of its admissibility to the following session. It also requested the Respondent States Parties to send in their comments within the stipulated deadline.
10. At its 22 nd session, the Commission declared the communication admissible and asked the Secretariat to obtain clarification on the terms of the embargo imposed on Burundi from the Secretary General of the OAU. The Respondent States Parties were also, once again, requested to provide the Commission with their reactions, as well as their comments and arguments as regards the decision on merit.
11. On 18 th November 1997, letters were addressed to the parties to inform them of the Commission's decision.
12. On 24 th February 1998, the Secretariat of the Commission wrote to the OAU Secretary General requesting clarification on the terms of the embargo imposed on Burundi.
13. On 19 th May 1998, the Secretariat received the Zambian government's reaction to the allegations made against it by the plaintiff. It claims that the sanctions imposed on Burundi ensued from a decision taken by Great Lakes countries in reaction to the coup d'état of 25 July 1996, which brought Major Pierre Buyoya to power, ousting the democratically elected government of President Ntibantuganya.
14. According to Zambia, the said sanctions were aimed at putting pressure on the regime of Major Buyoya with a view to causing it to restore constitutional legality, reinstate Parliament, which is the symbol of democracy, and lift the ban on political parties. It was also aimed at causing the regime to immediately and unconditionally initiate negotiations with all Burundian groups so as to re-establish peace and stability in the country, in accordance with the decisions of the Arusha regional Summit of 31 July 1996.
15. Regarding the allegation that Zambia violated resolution 2625(XXV), adopted on 24 th October 1970 by the General Assembly of the United Nations, the Zambian government claims that the United Nations Security Council, in resolution n° 1072(1996), upheld the decision of the Arusha regional Summit to impose sanctions on Burundi.
16. Furthermore, Zambia states that it has derived no benefit of any sort from the embargo imposed on Burundi. On the contrary – the embargo had affected not only the inhabitants of Burundi, but also those of the States that imposed it. In Zambia for example, it continues, many workers at the Mpulungu port were sent on unpaid leave because there was no work, as a result of the embargo. The Zambian State thereby lost many billion Kwacha in revenue. This, according to the Zambian government, is the cost Zambia accepted to pay to contribute to the international effort to promote democracy, justice and the rule of law.
17. Regarding the allegation of violation by Zambia of Article 3(1), (2) and 3 of the Charter of the Organisation of African Unity on non-interference in the internal affairs of member States, the Zambian government recalls that the Organisation of African Unity, through its Secretariat, has held many meetings on the situation in Burundi. It concludes, therefrom that the decisions of the Arusha Regional Summit were endorsed by the Organisation of African Unity. Moreover, it points out that the sanctions imposed on Burundi were decided in consultation with the United Nations Organisation and the Organisation of African Unity.
18. As regards the allegation of violation by Zambia of the provisions of article 4 of the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights on the right to life and physical and moral integrity, Zambia points out that the sanctions monitoring committee had authorised the importation into Burundi, through United Nations agencies, of essential items such as infants' food, medical and pharmaceutical products for emergency treatment, among others. It concludes therefore that the embargo is far from being a total blockade.
19. To the allegation of violation of article 17 of the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights on the right to education, Zambia responds with the same arguments indicated above.
20. Zambia stresses that it is a democratic State. This, it states, is enshrined in article 1.1 of its Constitution, which states that the country "…is a sovereign, unitary, indivisible, multiparty democratic State". It thereby justifies what it refers to as its support for the ongoing democratisation process in Africa and claims to abhor regimes led by ethnic minorities. The Great Lakes countries in general and Zambia in particular, it continues, were right in imposing sanctions on Burundi to bring about the restoration of democracy and discourage coups d'état in Africa.
21. On 8 th September 1998, the Secretariat received the reaction of the Tanzanian government on the communication under consideration. The latter rejected the allegations made against its country and ended with a plea for inadmissibility of the communication on the grounds among others that it contains several contradictions which were only aimed at defending the aggrieved state's interests. This country proceeded to argue its case as follows -:
22. "There is great confusion in the facts as presented by the Complainant; there are also many lies contained therein, particularly the accusation that Tanzania was preparing to send its army to Burundi at the request of the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank which had promised to fund the operation. The undeniable truth, and ASP-Burundi knows it well, is that the essential reason why Tanzania and the other countries in the region decided to impose sanctions is to bring about the negotiation of a lasting peace among all Burundian parties. The sanctions are used as a means of pressure, and the results are palpable, as in the restoration of the National Assembly, the lifting of the ban on political parties and the initiation of unconditional negotiations among all parties to the conflict. The discrete contacts with Mr. Léonard Nyangoma of CNDD are a step in the right direction envisaged in the imposition of the sanctions".
23. Regarding the allegation that Tanzania violated article 4 of the African Charter, citing the article, it stresses, "it is rather surprising to see ASP-Burundi using this article to support an allegation of human rights violations resulting from the sanctions. This association forgets or pretends to be unaware that the security situation in Burundi took a turn for the worse before and after the coup d'état and that it can be said emphatically that this provision of the Charter had been violated in a shameless way during this period. In June 1996, President S. Ntibantuganya and the then Prime Minister, Mr. Nduwayo, came to Arusha to solicit sub-regional assistance in the form of troops". Tanzania then goes on to enumerate some cases of violation of human rights by the Burundian government. It emphasises, inter alia, "that the war being waged against the Hutu militia by the Burundian army is conducted with ever increasing vigour, the massacre by the Burundian army of 126 refugees on their way back to their country from Tanzania, the establishment of concentration camps in Karugi, Mwamanya and Kayanza, camps that are populated by Hutus who are denied food even to the point of death, the detention of the Speaker of the National Assembly, Mr. Léons Ngandakumana…etc.".
24. Reacting to the allegation of violation of article 17(1) of the Charter, Tanzania points out that "education and educational institutions were not the targets of the embargo; however, due to its multiplier effect, they were affected. In view of this, at the meeting held in Arusha on 6 April 1997, the leaders of the countries that had imposed the embargo decided to exclude educational materials on the list of items that are not subject to the embargo. This was with a view to alleviating the suffering of ordinary citizens".
25. Responding to the allegation of violation of article 22 of the Charter, Tanzania argues that it is "difficult to conceive that it is possible to enjoy economic and socio-cultural rights without enjoying the fundamental rights, which are the political rights that condition the others. The most fundamental and important rights, which deserve to be recognised and which are currently being trampled upon by the regime in power are political rights. The Great Lakes countries, other African countries and the international community at large would like to see an end to the cycle of violence in Burundi. This can only be achieved by way of a political settlement negotiated among the various Burundian factions".
26. Tanzania argues "the enjoyment of economic, cultural and social rights cannot be effective in the morass that Burundi has fallen into. Constitutional legality has first to be restored. That is the reinstatement of a democratically elected Parliament, the lifting of the ban on political parties, and the beginning of political talks involving all parties to the conflict…". In reaction to the allegation of violation of article 23,2 of the Charter, Tanzania states "it has never granted shelter to terrorists fighting against Burundi. However, Tanzania admits that it has always welcomed in its territory streams of refugees from Rwanda and Burundi each time trouble fares up in those two countries. Tanzania has always refused to serve as a rear base or staging post for any armed movement against its neighbours. Leaders of political parties and factions are welcomed in Tanzania just like other refugees are. But they are not allowed to carry out military activity against Burundi from Tanzanian territory".
27. In response to the accusation that it violated the provisions of article III paragraphs 1,2 and 3 of the OAU Charter, Tanzania states that "it has not violated any of the principles enshrined in those texts". It emphasises that "despite its [small] size, Burundi remains a sovereign State like any other African State. The sanctions imposed on it by its neighbouring countries do not undermine its sovereignty or its territorial integrity, nor much less its inalienable right to its own existence". On the contrary, continues Tanzania, "the sanctions could play an important role in reminding the Burundian authorities of the content of the preamble to the OAU Charter, which states that all members of the OAU are conscious of the fact that freedom, equality, justice and dignity are essential objectives for the achievement of the legitimate aspirations of the African peoples. Another provision states that in order to create conditions for human progress, peace and security must be established and maintained. Peace and security are lacking in Burundi and the sanctions imposed on it could be one of the means of achieving them through dialogue".
28. As regards the allegation of violation of article III paragraph 4 de of the OAU Charter, Tanzania comments "ASP-Burundi deliberately ignores one very important provision of the OAU Charter which states that OAU members solemnly affirm their adherence to the principle of the peaceful resolution of disputes by negotiation, mediation, conciliation and arbitration. The idea behind the imposition of the sanctions is precisely that of causing the application of this principle which a view to achieving lasting peace in Burundi. Contrary to ASP-Burundi's contention that a dangerous precedent had been set, Tanzania believes that the countries of the Great Lakes region had set a favourable precedent. In the pursuit of the goals and objectives of the OAU, article II paragraph 2(2) states "to these ends, the member States shall cooperate and harmonise their general policies in the political and diplomatic fields" Tanzania concludes its exposition with a response to ASP-Burundi's accusation that it had violated certain texts adopted by the United Nations, including some provisions of the Organisation's Charter. It emphasises in particular that "the concept of regional arrangement adopted by the Great Lakes countries is straight out of chapter VIII of the United Nations Charter: "article 52 of the said Charter stipulates that regional arrangements may be used for keeping international peace and security, with the proviso that such actions shall be consistent with the goals and principles of the United Nations. This provision allows for regional arrangements to be used for peaceful settlements before having recourse to the Security Council. And indeed, the Council encourages regional arrangements".
29. " Tanzania does not believe that the imposition of sanctions is an interference in the internal affairs of Burundi. Tanzania is more concerned about the potential consequences of the instability currently prevailing in Burundi. All neighbouring countries share the same concern, since it is true that the instability in Burundi signifies for them inflow of refugees, instability in their own territory as a consequence of that prevailing in Burundi and which could transform into a generalised conflagration in the entire region. The imposition of sanctions should be seen as a preventive means of self defence aimed at avoiding seeing the region plunge into instability and chaos".
30. Tanzania further emphasises that "in fact, all the sanctions that were adversely affecting the ordinary Burundian citizen were softened when the leaders of the Great Lakes countries met in Arusha on 16 April 1997. This included the lifting of the sanctions on food products, school materials, construction materials, as well as all medical items, and agricultural products and inputs".
31. "The sixth Summit of the Great Lakes countries held in Kampala on 21 February 1998, unanimously decided to maintain the sanctions against the Burundian military regime. In this vein, the enforcement of the sanctions shall be scrupulously monitored by the organ established for this purpose; this is with a view to ensuring the implementation of the decisions taken by the countries of the region. It is important to note that the sanctions were declared by the countries of the region and not unilaterally by Tanzania. Hence, if ASP-Burundi has a just cause to defend, it should do so against the region and not against Tanzania".
32. At its 24 th session held in Banjul, The Gambia, after hearing the Rwandan Ambassador, who presented his government's position on this affair, and considering the responses of Zambia and Tanzania, the Commission decided to address a recommendation to the Chairman in Office of the Organisation of African Unity (OAU), with a copy to the Secretary General, requesting the States involved in the affair to find means of reducing the effects of the embargo. It was however stressed that this should be without any prejudice to the decision that the Commission would take on the merit of the communication.
33. The Secretariat wrote to the parties informing them of the Commission's decision.
34. On 26 th March 1999, the Secretariat received the reaction of the author of the communication to the Tanzanian and Zambian memoranda. In its view, Tanzania's argument that it did not violate art. 4 of the African Charter is baseless. It argues that "after the coup d'état security in the country improved considerably. On the contrary, the embargo deprived the Burundian people of their basic needs, especially as regards health care and nutrition, claiming many victims".
35. It continues: " Tanzania claims not to have violated art. 17 of the Charter with the argument that the embargo was relaxed in April 1997. This shows a contrario that before the relaxation, which had no effect in reality, the said provision had been violated; that is from 31/07/96 to April 1997".
36. According to the plaintiff, " Tanzania also claims not to have violated art. 22 of the Charter with the argument that of all human rights, it is what it refers to as the "political right" that matters most". It continues by saying that Tanzania's argument is unfounded since "…the right to life for example is more important than any "political right". The choice is clear between someone who takes your life and someone who denies you your right to elect your head of State".
37. According to the plaintiff, "all groups that are attacking Burundi – PALIPEHUTU, FROLINA, CNDD... etc. – operate from that country".
38. The Complainant avers, " Tanzania claims not to have violated art. 3 items 1, 2, 3 of the OAU Charter. But imposing on Burundi a manner whereby it can "resolve" its internal problems, under the pressure of an embargo, undoubtedly constitutes interference in the internal affairs of Burundi".
39. The Complainant continues: "it is evident that Tanzania violated international law by imposing an embargo on Burundi. ASP-Burundi hereby calls on the African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights to declare that country guilty and condemn it to pay damages". As regards the memorandum submitted by Zambia, the plaintiff states that:
40. " Zambia claims not to have violated resolution 2625 of the United Nations with the argument that the UN had approved the decision to impose the embargo. Whether the UN approved the measure or not changes nothing, for the initiative should have come from the United Nations and not the other way around! Hence, the decision to impose the embargo had no legal basis".
41. It continues: "along the same line of thought, Zambia claims that it did not violate Art. 3(1), (2), and (3) of the OAU Charter for the reason that the OAU had approved the embargo. Once again, the approval came after the fact. It was not the OAU that mandated these countries to impose the embargo".
42. According to the petitioner, " Zambia claims [...] that it did not violate art. 4 of the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights with the argument that in April 1997, some alleviation measures were introduced. ASP-Burundi points out that this provision was violated from the time of the imposition of the embargo (August 96) to the date those measures were introduced (April 97), and the measures did not even bear any effect in reality".
From the foregoing, the Complainant draws the following conclusion:
43. "It is abundantly clear that Zambia, as well as Tanzania, have violated international law and that this violation caused very serious injury to the Burundian people. ASP - Burundi therefore urges the African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights to declare Zambia guilty of this and to constrain it to pay the relevant damages".
44. On 24 March 2000, the Secretariat received a Note Verbale from the Kenyan Ministry of Foreign Affairs requesting a copy of the communication submitted by ASP-Burundi. The request was met, and a reaction is still being awaited.
45. At its 27 th ordinary session held in Algeria, the Commission examined the case and deferred its further consideration to the next session.
46. The Commission's decision was communicated to the parties on 20 July 2000.
47. On 17 th August 2000, the Secretariat of the Commission received a Note Verbale from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Uganda claiming that it had never been notified of the existence of this communication.
48. On 21 st August 2000, the Secretariat of the Commission replied the said Ministry stating among other things that such notification had long been served the competent authorities of the Republic of Uganda, in 1996, as soon as the case was filed. A copy of the communication was however forwarded to the Ministry.
49. During the 28 th ordinary session held in Cotonou, Benin, from 26 October to 6 November 2000, the Commission considered the communication and noted that although Ethiopia was a party to the case, it had never received notification of the communication.
50. The Commission therefore asked the Secretariat to check whether Ethiopia had ratified the African Charter at the time the decision on the embargo was taken.
51. If it had, the Secretariat should then send it notification of the communication opposing that embargo and ask for its comments and observations on the issue.
52. Given that Ethiopia ratified the African Charter two years after the decision to impose the embargo on Burundi was taken, the Secretariat of the Commission did not send a copy of the case file to Ethiopia for notification.
53. The Secretariat acted in this manner in accordance with the decision taken by the 28 th ordinary session of the Commission.
54. Moreover, this decision of the Commission is in line with the principle of non-retroactivity of the effects of agreements, which is contained in Article 28 of the Vienna Convention on Treaties.
55. The Secretariat informed the concerned parties about the decision of the 30 th session, and the Tanzanian and Zambian Embassies in Addis Ababa reacted by saying that their respective Governments were never informed of this case and they requested to be given a copy of the case-file.
56. In reply, the Secretariat conveyed the documents requested to the two Embassies, as well as all necessary information that could help elucidate the progress of the case submitted to the Commission, in respect of which their States had contributed by submitting defence statements.
57. At the 31 st session (2-16 May 2002, Pretoria, South Africa), delegates from some of the accused States (DRC, Rwanda, Tanzania, Uganda and Zambia) presented some oral comments on the position of their respective Governments during the Commission's consideration of the communications.
58. The said delegations in turn flatly rejected the allegations levelled against their Governments pointing out in a nutshell, that -:
59. After the session, the Secretariat informed the States concerned and the Complainants about the status of the communication by Note Verbale and by letter respectively.
60. At the 32 nd Session held from 17 th to 23 rd October 2002, in Banjul, The Gambia, the Commission was unable to consider the merits of Communication, because of time constraints occasioned by the reduction of this session's duration.
61. The African Commission consequently deferred consideration of the matter to its 33 rd Ordinary Session scheduled to take place from 15 th to 29 th May 2003, in Niamey, Niger.
62. The African Commission considered this communication during the 33 rd Ordinary Session and decided to deliver its decision on the merits.
LAW Admissibility
63. The Commission had to resolve the matter of the locus standi of the author of the communication. It would appear that the authors of the communication were in all respects representing the interests of the military regime of Burundi. The question that was raised was whether this communication should not rather be considered as a communication from a state and be examined under the provisions of Articles 47-54 of the African Charter. Given that it has been the practice of the Commission to receive communications from non-governmental organisations, it was resolved to consider this as a calls action. In the interests of the advancement of human rights this matter was not rigorously pursued especially as the Respondent states did not take exception by challenging the locus standi of the author of the communication. In the circumstances the matter was examined under Article 56.
64. Under article 56(5) and (6) of the African Charter on Human and People's Rights, communications other than those referred to in Article 55 received by the Commission and relating to human and people's rights shall be considered if they -:
65. These provisions of the African Charter are hardly applicable in this matter inasmuch as the national courts of Burundi have no jurisdiction over the state Respondents herein. This is yet another indication that this communication appropriately falls under Communications from States (Articles 47-54).
66. However, drawing from general international law and taking into account its mandate for the protection of human rights as stipulated in Article 45(2), the Commission takes the view that the communication deserves its attention and declares it admissible.
67. The communication was submitted by the Association pour la Sauvegarde de la Paix au Burundi against States of the Great Lakes region (DRC, Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia) and Ethiopia, in the wake of an embargo declared by these countries against Burundi on 31 July 1996, following the coup d'etat carried out by the Burundian army on 25 July against the democratically elected government.
68. The communication alleges that by its very existence this embargo violated and continues to violate a number of international obligations to which these States have subscribed, including those emanating from the provisions of the Charter of the Organisation of African Unity (OAU), the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights, as well as Resolution 2625 (XXV) of the General Assembly of the United Nations on the principles of international law applicable to friendly relations and cooperation between States on the basis of the United Nations Charter.
69. The States accused in the communication, particularly Zambia and Tanzania which submitted written conclusions on the case, reject the allegations against them, stating among other things, that while it is true that the decision to impose an embargo against Burundi was taken at the Arusha summit of 31 July 1996 at which they participated, (with the exception of Zambia, which only joined the others after the Arusha decision), it is equally true that following this, the decision to impose an embargo against Burundi was endorsed by the Organisation of African Unity and the United Nations Security Council.
70. The decision to impose the embargo against Burundi is thus based, by implication, on the provisions of Chapters VII and VIII of the United Nations Charter, regarding "Action With Respect to Threats to the Peace, Breaches of the Peace, and Acts of Aggression" and "Regional Arrangements", in the sense that the military coup which deposed the democratically elected government constituted a threat to, indeed a breach of, the peace in Burundi and the region.
71. The Respondent States took collective action as a sub-regional consortium to address a matter within the region that could constitute a threat to peace, stability and security. Their action was motivated by the principles enshrined in the Charters of the OAU and of the United Nations. The Charter of the OAU stipulates that "freedom, equality, justice and dignity are essential objectives for the achievement of the legitimate aspirations of the African peoples." It goes on to promote international cooperation "to achieve a better life for the peoples of Africa…"
72. The resolution to impose the embargo on Burundi was taken at a duly constituted summit of the states of the Great Lakes Region who had an interest in or were affected by the situation in Burundi. The resolution was subsequently presented to the appropriate organs of the OAU and the Security Council of the United Nations. No breach attaches to the procedure adopted by the states concerned. The embargo was not a mere unilateral action or a naked act of hostility but a carefully considered act of intervention which is sanctioned by international law. The endorsement of the embargo by resolution of the Security Council and of the summit of Heads of State and Government of the OAU does not merit a further enquiry as to how the action was initiated.
73. The United Nations Security Council is vested with authority to take prompt and effective action for the maintenance of international peace and security. In doing so, states agree that the Security Council "acts on their behalf…" This suggests that, once endorsed by resolution of the Security Council, the embargo is no longer the acts of a few neighbouring states but that it imposes obligations on all member states of the United Nations.
74. The Charter of the United Nations allows that member states of the UN may be called upon to apply measures including, "complete or partial interruption of economic relations and of rail, sea, air, postal, telegraphic, radio, and other means of communication, and the severance of diplomatic relations…" Economic sanctions and embargoes are legitimate interventions in international law.
75. The critical question and one which may affect the legitimacy of the action is whether such action as has been determined is excessive and disproportionate, is indiscriminate and seeks to achieve ends beyond the legitimate purpose. Sanctions therefore cannot be open-ended, the effects thereof must be carefully monitored, measures must be adopted to meet the basic needs of the most vulnerable populations or they must be targeted at the main perpetrators or authors of the nuisance complained of. The Human Rights Committee has adopted a General Comment in this regard precisely in order to create boundaries and limits to the imposition of sanctions.
76. We are satisfied that the sanctions imposed were not indiscriminate, that they were targeted in that a list of affected goods was made. A monitoring committee was put in place and situation was monitored regularly. As a result of these reports adjustments were made accordingly. The report by the Secretary General of the OAU is indicative of the sensitivity called upon in international law: "…besides their political, economic and psychological impact, they (the sanctions) continue to have a harsh impact on the people. The paradox is that they enrich the rich and impoverish the poor, without effectively producing the desired results… It would, perhaps, be appropriate to review the question of the sanctions, in such a way as to minimise the suffering of the people, maximise and make effective the pressures on the intended target" (CM/2034 (LXVIII), 68 th Ordinary Session of the Council of Ministers, Ouagadougou, 1-6 June 1998).
77. We accept the argument that sanctions are not an end in themselves. They are not imposed for the sole purpose of causing suffering. They are imposed in order to bring about a peaceful resolution of a dispute. It is self-evident that Burundians were in dispute among themselves and the neighbouring states had a legitimate interest in a peaceful and speedy resolution of the dispute.
78. With regard to the allegations of interference in the domestic affairs of other sovereign states, the Commission recognises that international law has provided careful procedures where such interference may be legitimate. It is our view that the present matters falls on all fours with the provisions of international law.
79. Having thus dismissed the seminal charges against the Respondent states, however, the Commission wishes to observe that the matters complained of here have now been largely resolved. The embargo has been lifted and by the agency of the OAU and with the active participation of neighbouring states a peace process is underway in Burundi.
For these reasons, the African Commission,
Finds that the Respondent States are not guilty of violation of the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights as alleged.
Takes note of the entry into force of the Burundi Peace and Reconciliation Agreement, alias Arusha Accords, and that the Respondent States in the communication are among the States that have sponsored the said Accord.
Also notes the efforts of the Respondent States aimed at restoring a lasting peace, for the development of the rule of law in Burundi, through the accession of all Burundian parties to the Arusha Accord.
Welcomes the entry into force of the Constitutive Act of the African Union in 2000 to which the Republic of Burundi and all the Respondent States are now party, and which also provides for the promotion and respect of human and peoples' rights and the explicit censure of States that "come to power by unconstitutional means".
Done at the 33 rd Ordinary Session held in Niamey, Niger from 15 th to 29 th May 2003


text:
Bowlmasters Recap! Rune 3rd!
Posted By etnies in Skate, Skip To The Comments (3)
May 31 2006 / Wednesday
Although the rain forced the contest into a one-day event rather than two, the etnies Bowlmasters went off and Rune took third! Congrats Rune!
Here's some video of Rune for you to feast your eyes on:
Alley oop back smith!

subset: commoncrawl


text:
UK Immigration Law
Ask an UK Immigration Law Question, Get an Answer ASAP!
Hi Alex,
my first application was refused as said in the last refusal letter they were not satisfied on the balance of probabilities that i was genuinely seeking entry for the limited period as i stated in my application which was for 6 weeks and they believe that i didnt intend to leave the UK a the end of my proposed visit.
since the marriage visa been refused, we were planning just for me to visit him first and we will plan to get civil marriage registered in singapore instead in after few months. so i applied for general visa, and in the refusal letter, it said " it is unclear why i now not intending on marrying my partner. i've attached snap shot of both refusal letters. i hope u can take a look. let me know if u have a problem of viewing it as i cant scan it right now.
Thanks Alex..
Date to appeal was in July. So i'll apply fresh application. Question is can i still apply for the marriage visitor visa or i have to make a clearance by applying general visitor visa first?
The problem i have is that i work at a bar and i didnt get any pay slip for my commission. therefore it's hard for me to provide strong evidence as required.
I'm wondering also if my 3rd application will be refused again, will it effected me o visit UK in the future?
From your opinion, if i re apply for marriage visa, what do u think would satisfy those doubts they had?
Sorry for the missing info.
My partner is British and live in London. i've been visiting him there from time to time. We would like to get married there since he live there and it would be easier to get it done during my visit and we can do it as a civil marriage without having him converted.
I've been to UK 5 times, and i never have to apply for visa to visit as i'm a malaysian passport holder. we decided to get married and then i applied for marriage visitor visa. which been refused
the first refused was on 11 june 2013 as u can see on the attachment. and the second one was on 1st july 2013. i was confused and didnt really understand on how to appeal and that we decided to get married in Thailand which cant be done. How can i ask for appeal when it's already passed the date?
If we get married else where, what are he chances they will approve visa for me if i've already been declined twice?
what do u think best way for me next? and will i have a problem if been refused 3 times? i mean, can i still keep applying or it have a cooling period?
thank you
Attachments are only available to registered users.
Thanks for the advice. so it's been 2 months since MVV been refused. i will try to lodge an appeal out of time. yes, i would need list of lawyers in his locality. thanks
Hi Alex, i would appreciate if u could provide me the list of lawyers. My partner live in colliers wood but he work in London town. do u provide he same service too? if so i would like to know the rate. thank you
thank you alex. really helpful of u.
DISCLAIMER: Answers from Experts on JustAnswer are not substitutes for the advice of an attorney. JustAnswer is a public forum and questions and responses are not private or confidential or protected by the attorney-client privilege. The Expert above is not your attorney, and the response above is not legal advice. You should not read this response to propose specific action or address specific circumstances, but only to give you a sense of general principles of law that might affect the situation you describe. Application of these general principles to particular circumstances must be done by a lawyer who has spoken with you in confidence, learned all relevant information, and explored various options. Before acting on these general principles, you should hire a lawyer licensed to practice law in the jurisdiction to which your question pertains.
The responses above are from individual Experts, not JustAnswer. The site and services are provided "as is". To view the verified credential of an Expert, click on the "Verified" symbol in the Expert's profile. This site is not for emergency questions which should be directed immediately by telephone or in-person to qualified professionals. Please carefully read the Terms of Service (last updated February 8, 2012).


text:
Stainless Steel 24" Scraper
All-welded construction withstands rough treatment
This rugged scraper is designed for heavy-duty jobs such as scraping gutters, stalls, grain bins and packed-down ice on concrete and pavement. Two rubber hand grips provide secure grip. 54" handle is angled so you don't have to bend over to scrape. Curved blade gets in hard-to-reach areas. 24"Lx5"W. USA made.
2016 Master Catalog: Page 380


text:
Application Management
Application Management
Intacore Application Management Service supports the ongoing operation of your applications, managed remotely or delivered from our highly secure and resilient data centres. Intacore, supports and manages web applications, messaging & collaboration systems and back office applications.
Web Applications Intacore's Web Applications Management Service certifies that your public facing applications are Always Switched On and secure 24x7. Supported by our Intabridge platform, our clients are presented with experienced and professional support and engineering staff, who work tirelessly to understand our client's detailed requirements.
Messaging Intacore's Managed Services for Microsoft Exchange delivers a robust structured approach to the general up keep and security of a company's critical email platform. A dedicated Solution Account Manager and Technical Solution Engineer will be assigned to each client, to ensure the smooth and continual operation of services.
Back Office Applications By using our expertise in the management of applications, Intacore works with its clients to fully understand, how they use their internal applications, and how it runs their business. Using our tried and tested Discover, Measure, Validate, Optimise and Deliver process, our teams will be able to quickly and cost affectively find the right solution to support our clients needs, in the early stages and as their business grows.
Our client Robert Stevens says:"Intacore provided a number of key services which help us get the business off the ground, their assisted was invaluable."


text:
Thanks to a reader we learn about the State of Washington taking an aggressive and bold step against companies selling mortgage foreclosure rescue assistance. This action includes a number of actions against attorneys which are apparently not licensed to practice in the state. "Since 2009, DFI has charged an ever-increasing number of unlicensed businesses with preying upon desperate homeowners who ... Read More »
Summit Legal Group Loan Modification Attorney – Disbarred
William O'Toole, a Florida attorney that ran Summit Legal Group that claimed to be able to save homes from foreclosure and get loan modifications, has been disbarred for at least five years. The Florida Bar stated, "William Timothy O'Toole, 120 E. Oakland Park Blvd., Suite 105, Fort Lauderdale, disbarred effective immediately, following a May 22 court order. (Admitted to practice: ... Read More »
Summit Legal Group, Attorney William O'Toole, Suspended Says Florida Bar
The Florida Bar announced again that Boca Raton attorney William O'Toole of Summit Legal Group has been suspended. O'Tooles home loan modification and foreclosure business are said to have caused "great public harm." William Timothy O'Toole, 1489 W. Palmetto Park Road, Suite 494, Boca Raton, suspended until further order, following a July 25 court order. (Admitted to practice: 1992) O'Toole ... Read More »


text:
I am obviously new here and have a question for those more knowledgeable. I am thinking about buying a new bike for myself but I am having trouble narrowing down all the different types, styles, and classifications. I am hoping someone can help me figure out what type of bike to look at.
I bought a Specialized Expedition back in 2001. I was told that this was a "Comfort Bike" and I liked it very much. At that time I would ride to the train station (about 2 miles) a couple of times a week and take 5-10 mile rides on the weekends. That bike was stolen only 2 years later and I replaced it with the same model in 2003. I have been very happy with it until recently.
I now ride between 25-35 miles at a time about 3 or 4 times a week. I ride mostly on the street and on paved bike trails with an occasional sprint on dirt or grass (because the roads and bike trails don't always meet). I am in my 40's and I ride for fitness and because I really enjoy it.
I am having trouble with my current bike now that I have upped my distance (and pace) and so I think it is time to switch. The problems I am having are:
1) When I need to start pedaling harder (up a hill for instance) the bike creaks a lot and I assume is the frame flexing
2) While I like sitting up (I have back problems sometimes) there are times when I am riding into a headwind that I really wish I could get into a more aerodynamic position. Headwinds suck.
3) My bike is really heavy. It is probably about 35 lbs.
4) Even after getting a tune up, the bike seems to be a bit sluggish
5) It is really difficult to maintain a pace of over 15 mph - guys who don't look to be an any better shape than me blow by me on the road all the time. (I would rather blame the bike than myself)
The things I like about my bike are:
1) It is very comfortable to ride
2) It doesn't hurt my back
3) It goes anywhere I need it to.
4) It is really stable going up or downhill at any speed.
Now I don't know what to look at. Should I be looking at a hybrid or a road bike or cyclocross or what? There are so many classifications that I find the whole thing quite confusing.
I would appreciate any help I can get in narrowing down the field.


text:
So You Think You Can Dance: Comfort Fedoke
All-Star Season 4 Top 8
Comfort Fedoke
Comfort Fedoke, 21, was born in Dallas, Texas, and lived for a few years in Lagos, Nigeria. Fedoke, who specializes in hip-hop, attended Booker T. Washington Performing Arts High School in Dallas. She was a dancer on the local show "Dallas Dance Club 21." She currently resides in Los Angeles and recently appeared on GLEE.
Fedoke started as a street dancer at age 13, and she loved to battle other crews with her dance brothers. She taught herself how to dance by watching breaking videos and emulating Michael and Janet Jackson. She said that always being the only girl who got down with the boys helped stoke the fire and competitive drive she still has.
Since making it into the Top 10 of SO YOU THINK YOU CAN DANCE, Fedoke has appeared in the Michael Jackson tribute tour and has worked with some of the biggest names in the industry, including Brian Friedman, Tabitha and Napoleon Dumo, Chuck Maldonado, Miley Cyrus and Rosero. Fedoke is also a writer and is now pursuing a career as a recording artist; she's working on a single that should be dropping soon and has many upcoming performances in the works.
Next: Courtney Galiano


text:
Presented by
Rick Lavoie, M.A., M.Ed.
Rick Lavoie served as an administrator of residential programs for children with special needs for 30 years. He holds three degrees in Special Education and holds two Honorary Doctorates in Education from the University of Massachusetts and Mitchell College. He has served as a visiting lecturer at numerous universities including Syracuse, Harvard, Manhattanville College, University of Alabama, University of Melbourne and Georgetown. His numerous national television appearances include The TODAY Show, CBS Morning Show, Good Morning America, ABC Evening News, and Walt Disney Presents.
He has served as a consultant on Learning Disabilities to several agencies and organizations including Public Broadcasting Service, New York Times, National Center for Learning Disabilities, USA Today, Girl Scouts of America, Child Magazine, INSTRUCTOR Magazine and National Public Radio.
He has delivered his message to over 500,000 parents and professionals throughout North America, Australia, New Zealand and Hong Kong.
Presented By
Karen Vickery Ed. D.
Director, Learning Therapy Center at Southern Methodist University
Faculty Member, Annette Caldwell Simmons School of Education and Human Development
Karen Vickery received her doctorate in Supervision, Curriculum, and Instruction with a comprehensive minor in Reading from Texas A&M University - Commerce. She graduated with a B.S.E. and M.S.E. in Reading from Arkansas State University. Karen taught in the public schools of Missouri, Arkansas and Texas for 35 years. She has instructed grades 2-8 in public schools and has taught reading to all grade levels. She is the 504/Dyslexia Coordinator for Greenville ISD. Dr. Vickery is a member of the International Dyslexia Association and serves on the Dallas Branch of the International Dyslexia Association Advisory Board. She was appointed by Governor Perry to the Dyslexia Interim Study Committee Dec. 2009. She is a Certified Academic Language Therapist (CALT), a Qualified Instructor (QI), and a Licensed Dyslexia Therapist (LDT) with the state of Texas. Under her direction, the SMU program has been accredited by the International Multisensory Structured Language Education Council (IMSLEC) in both teaching and therapy levels. She also holds certifications in elementary education, reading, supervision, curriculum, and instruction.
Terri Zerfas Ph.D.
Faculty Member, Annette Caldwell Simmons School of Education and Human Development
Instructor, Learning Therapy Center at Southern Methodist University
Coordinator, Southern Methodist University Diagnostic Center for Dyslexia and Related Disorders
Dr. Terri Zerfas received her doctorate in Educational Psychology from Texas A&M University- Commerce. She is an instructor with the SMU Annette Caldwell Simmons School of Education and Development. Dr. Zerfas teaches individuals how to remediate dyslexia and related written-language disorders through professional educational therapy. She is the clinical teaching coordinator and conducts speech, language, and educational evaluations at the SMU Diagnostic Center for Dyslexia and Related Disorders. Dr. Zerfas holds Texas licenses in dyslexia therapy and speech/language pathology. She is also a nationally registered educational diagnostician. A practitioner at heart, Dr. Zerfas served students in Texas public schools for over 30 years before transitioning to the university educational setting.
Presented By
Maryanne Wolf, Ed. D.
John DiBaggio Professor of Citizenship and Public Service
Director, Center for Reading and Language Research
Professor, Department of Childhood Development – A&S, Tufts University
Maryanne Wolf received her doctorate from Harvard University in the Department of Human Development and Psychology in the Graduate School of Education, where she began her work on the neurological underpinnings of reading, language and dyslexia. Professor Wolf was awarded the Distinguished Professor of the Year Award from the Massachusetts Psychological Association and also the Teaching Excellence Award from the American Psychological Association. She is the author of the RAVE-O Intervention Program, an evidence-based fluency comprehension program for struggling readers that has proven successful in two major federal studies. She received the Norman Geschwind Lecture Award from the International Dyslexia Association for neuroscience research in dyslexia. She has edited the book Dyslexia, Fluency, and the Brain and is the author of Proust and the Squid: The Story and Science of the Reading Brain.
As a parent, educator and researcher – Maryanne speaks with passion about learning disabilities. Dr. Wolf will address parents, educators and future educators about reading and learning in the digital age.
Presented By
Megan Shanley OTR/L, ATP
Megan Shanley is an Occupational Therapist and a RESNA-certified Assistive Technology Practitioner who works for the Assistive Technology Department for the Albuquerque Public Schools. She graduated from Indiana University's Occupational Therapy Program in 1998, and shortly after graduation she made an adventurous move to the state of New Mexico and was hired by APS in 1999. Megan is experienced in evaluation for computer adaptation, switch access, assistive writing tools, and software options for individuals with disabilities. She conducts trainings on Assistive Technology throughout the state of New Mexico and has been a presenter for the Southwest Branch of the International Dyslexia Association (SWIDA) and the New Mexico Technology Assistance Program (NMTAP) on multiple occasions, as well as presenting at the National Conference for the Council for Administrators of Special Education (CASE) and serving as a guest speaker for a series of webinars for Atomic Learning. She is a self-professed "geek," and as a Dyslexic who is also a user of Assistive Technology she has a unique understanding of the power and challenges of integrating Assistive Technology into everyday life.
2014 4th Annual Helen Piehl Distinguished Lecture Series
Presented By
Nancy Mather, PhD.
Nancy Mather is a Professor of Special Education at the University of Arizona in the Department of Disability and Psychoeducational Studies. She has served as a learning disabilities teacher, a diagnostician, a university professor, and an educational consultant. She has published numerous articles and books and conducts workshops on assessment and instruction both nationally and internationally. Dr. Mather is a co-author of the Woodcock-Johnson IV and has co-authored two books on interpretation and application of the WJ IV. Other recent books are Comprehensive Evaluations (Mather & Jaffe, 2011) and Essentials of Dyslexia: Assessment and Intervention (Mather & Wendling, 2012).


text:
Statements for Stockholm+40 - international conference on sustainable living and innovative solutions
StatementsInstructions: Click on the name to download the statement. Click on the View link to view the statement directly in your browser.
Opening Remarks
Opening Remarks By Mr. Sha Zukang Under-Secretary-General for Economic and Social Affairs Secretary-General of the 2012 UN Conference on Sustainable Development at Stockholm+40 ? Partnership Forum for Sustainable Development
23 Apr 2012


text:
Tom Petty's first solo album, "Full Moon Fever", always reminds me of Florida. More aptly, of leaving Florida. It came out in the spring of 1989, during the waning days of my time in high school. It was the soundtrack to my last summer in the Sunshine State – spent restless, irritable and discontent, waiting for the next thing. The next thing, in my case, was a spot at a private Christian college in upstate South Carolina. In hindsight, it doesn't sound like a step up but at the time it represented my liberation from the sandy redneck town in which I'd spent the last decade. I was 17 years old and I was running down a dream.
It was also the last summer of my relative innocence. I was not comfortable enough in my own body to ever be successful with the opposite sex and despite being smack dab in the middle of one of the major cocaine trafficking routes in the southeastern United States, had yet to dabble in much beyond Bartles and Jaymes wine coolers and Benson & Hedges menthol 100s.
In the summer of 1989, a good time for A Free Teen was hurtling along the hot, flat asphalt of the north Florida pine hammocks in my Mazda 323 with a couple of guys as passengers. Listening to "A Mind With A Heart Of Its Own" and singing along in the glaring Florida sunshine:
Well I been to Brooker and I been to Micanopy
I been to St. Louis too, I been all around the world
I've been over to your house
And you've been over sometimes to my house
I've slept in your tree house
My middle name is Earl…
That all changed the following autumn. Not for the better, not for the worse – just a requisite turn on the road to A Free Man today. Within a couple of months of my matriculation at that private Christian college in the Palmetto State, a lot of things changed. "Full Moon Fever" became, like my virginity and relative sobriety, the detritus of childhood. A few years later, "Full Moon Fever" got literally left behind – sold or lost sometime in the mid 90's. And I was OK with that.
A great album is one that you can keep coming back to, for years and years. A great album is one that features prominently at different points in your life, one that carries you through tough times and pops up as an accompaniment to joyful times. I have never really thought of "Full Moon Fever" as a 'great album'. It is a solid rock album, but is overproduced and comes of sounding artificial and insincere. It does have some great rock tracks – "Free Fallin'" never fails to get me singing – but I found it fairly easy to live without it for 10 or 15 years.
I picked it up again a couple of years ago on a trip back to the Midwest from Oxford. I was going to be doing a lot of driving through the Missouri countryside. I wanted to pick up one of those classic American driving albums to blow the speakers of my rental car. When I saw 'Full Moon Fever' in the discount bin at Slackers, I knew I had found my soundtrack for the fortnight.
After serving its purpose for that time in Missouri, "Full Moon Fever" has remained relatively unmolested on the CD shelf.
But it popped up again last night, randomly on my iPod as I was getting Boy Z ready for bed. And that was fine, wouldn't have been my choice, but that's OK. I hummed along to the more upbeat tracks while changing nappies and pulling on pajamas.As the lights went out, 'Alright For Now' came on. I don't know how many times I've heard this song in the last twenty years – hundreds probably – but I never heard it like I did last night. In fact, I may have never really heard it at all. I always thought of it as a throwaway track – a snoozer wedged between the more rocking "Apartment Song" and "A Mind With a Heart of its Own". It's a short, simple little diddy:
Goodnight baby, sleep tight my love
May God watch over you from above
Tomorrow I'm workin' what would I do
I'd be lost & lonely if not for you
So close your eyes
We're alright for now
I've spent my life travelin'
I've spent my life free
I could not repay all you've done for me
So sleep tight baby
Unfurrow your brow
And know I love you
We're alright for now
We're alright for now
And with that, as I watched Boy Z slip gently into sleep, "Full Moon Fever" joins the pantheon of great albums for A Free Man.
Buy Tom Petty's "Full Moon Fever" from .
Image credit:
From the Great Minds Thinking Alike Department, see Reinventing Dad's post on the Summer of 1989. And Tom Petty.


text:
LXD-75 vs CG-5
Posted 09 April 2011 - 10:27 AM
Would the CG-5 be better for astrophotogrophy because it has an autoguider port?
Thanks, jz
Posted 09 April 2011 - 10:37 AM
Posted 09 April 2011 - 10:51 AM
Would the CG-5 be better for astrophotogrophy because it has an autoguider port?
Thanks, jz
Depends on your setup. If you'll be operating without a PC and using a standalone guider (ST-4, NexGuide) then you'll need the autoguide port. In the much more common setups using a PC-controlled guide camera (SBIG, Meade, Point Grey, Imaging Source, QSI, Atik, Orion, pretty much everyone else) you may as well use the serial port on either mount for guiding.
Posted 09 April 2011 - 04:52 PM
Posted 09 April 2011 - 06:24 PM
What about for just general use, which mount is better? I'm thinking about a 6-inch Meade or Celestron refractor and it seems to me most people end up upgrading their mounts that these scopes come with. Should I base my purchase on the whole setup or just consider the OTA and focus on a mount later? At this point, I'm strictly a visual observer.
They are similar mounts. But...its the CG5 by a nose or three.
IMHO the Nexstar HC is better--more user friendly and better in build quality (the Autostar buttons invariably stop responding well after a while). And you can use NexRemote with the scope. Also, while I am told it is better now, I still hear too many problem reports on the 75.
Posted 10 April 2011 - 09:17 PM
Posted 10 April 2011 - 11:30 PM
Posted 11 April 2011 - 03:14 PM
Posted 11 April 2011 - 11:12 PM
Btw, if all what you want to do is visual, then CG5 or LXD would work just fine.
Posted 12 April 2011 - 11:32 AM


text:
Peoria Mayor Bob Barrett said he does not understand why West Valley leaders oppose a casino in the area and the jobs it would bring.
But he was alone in that view as the mayors of Litchfield Park and Youngtown said that allowing a casino would be bad public policy.
The mayors of Litchfield Park and Peoria were in agreement on another topic: a willingness to sue the state if more funds are swept from cities in the upcoming legislative session. The mayors' comments came at a taped round-table discussion of issues affecting the West Valley, including transportation and budget decisions made by the state Legislature.
The Arizona Republic's Michael Ryan, vice president and general manager of community newspapers, hosted the chat in Peoria that will be broadcast on Peoria Channel 11.
Barrett has long supported the Tohono O'odham Nation casino proposed near 95th and Northern avenues on the Glendale-Peoria line. Glendale is staunchly opposed.
Barrett's reason is simple: jobs.
"I know people today who have kids and they can't buy their supplies for school," Barrett said. "I know people today who have struggled to put food on the table."
Some they are not high-paying jobs worth going after, but "if you're out of work, anywhere is worth it," Barrett said.
Barrett added that the Gila River Indian Community opposes the Tohono O'odham plans because it would be competition to their casinos. But the Peoria mayor said he has been told that 20 busloads of West Valley residents daily go to the Southeast Valley to Fort McDowell and other casinos.
He said he'd been told that a casino on the west side would only shift money around within the Valley.
"Well you're darned right I want to shift that money around," Barrett said. "I want to take that entertainment dollar being spent in the East Valley and bring it back."
But Litchfield Park Mayor Tom Schoaf said it would be bad public policy in an urban environment to allow the casino, which operates under a different set of rules including zoning, taxation and labor relations.
"Literally a separate nation, dropping that into the middle of an urban environment is just not a good public-policy decision," Schoaf said.
Youngtown Mayor Michael LeVault joked that if the casino becomes reality, a subway would be built from Sun City to the casino.
But LeVault, too, opposed it from a policy standpoint. He said Youngtown residents are also desperate for jobs, but "not everything that makes money is necessarily good public policy."
On transportation, the mayors again were not convinced that Peoria's aim to get commuter rail along Grand Avenue is viable.
LeVault said commuter rail could be a long-term goal if BNSF Railway got on board with the cities, but he noted that could be a challenge given that there is one set of tracks and in some places the right of way is too narrow. Freight trains would share lines with with commuter rail.
"It's a realistic goal, but in a very real sense we're looking at a limited bucket of resources," he said.
Schoaf said the freight-rail system has a more immediate future, with consideration given on how to move freight in and out of Mexico.
All three mayors agreed that improving the east-west commute for West Valley residents is a pressing need. LeVault suggested that Peoria Avenue could be an option to cross the Agua Fria River and ease congestion on Bell Road.
Schoaf said the West Valley must start a conversation about how to continue Proposition 400, a countywide half-cent sales tax for transportation, which was approved by Maricopa County voters in 2004. The tax expires in 2025, but projected revenue in the remaining 15 years are estimated at 24 percent less than originally anticipated. Schoaf said roads planned for the Southwest Valley, such as Arizona 801, are already off the budget because of shortfalls.
When it came to state-shared revenue, all three mayors cautioned against balancing the state budget on the backs of cities.
Barrett pointed out a new law that requires municipalities to pay a fee to the Arizona Department of Water Resources to make up for state budget cuts. Some cities including Youngtown and Buckeye, which do not provide water services, were handed a bill by the state.
Barrett said if cities continue to be burdened with such bills, they can "either sit back and allow them to transfer all their debt to us or else we say that's enough and sue them."
Schoaf pointed to another bucket of money that cities should receive to maintain roads. He said the state now takes a large portion of that for its general fund.
"We can't continue to maintain our cities and towns without the funds that are part of our budgets that come through state-shared revenues," Schoaf said.
The Arizona Republic's Michael Ryan, vice president and general manager of community newspapers, hosted the chat with the mayors in Peoria that will be broadcast on Peoria Channel 11.
View subscription options


text:
Jan. 21, 2010
DEKALB, Ill. - The Northern Illinois University wrestling team returns home to face No. 17 Kent State Friday night in Victor E. Court at the Convocation Center in a match up of Mid-American Conference foes. The first bout begins at 7 p.m.
"On paper, Kent State has a very talented team," NIU head coach Dave Grant said. "They have three guys ranked. We're just going to have to get in there and wrestle them hard."
The Huskies (7-6, 0-1) head into Friday night's match looking to build on some solid individual performances against tough competition at the Spartan Duals. As a team, NIU defeated Findlay, 27-12, and fell to Stanford, 22-18, and Michigan State, 28-6, while several individuals distinguished themselves on the day.
Bryan Deutsch (Columbia City, Ind./Columbia City) has been living up to his MAC Championship season of a year ago, winning 11 of his last 13 matches, including four straight, at 157. Deutsch owns a 14-3 record and will face redshirt freshman Mallie Shuster (20-9).
"He's a solid wrestler," Grant said. "He'll wrestle anyone anytime. He's a tough competitor and we love that about him."
Vince Castillo (Western Springs, Ill./Lyons Township) was a perfect 3-0 at the Spartan Duals to improve to 9-4 on the season. Wrestling at 141, Castillo has won four of his last five matches. Either he or Patrick McLemore (Hinckley, Ohio/Padua Franciscan) will be facing redshirt freshman Chase Skonieczny (17-12). Another Huskie who has shown improvement of late has been Dakota Greenhaw (Monett, Mo./Monett). Greenhaw posted a 2-1 record at the Spartan Duals and will take on No. 17 Brendan Barlow Friday night.
"Vince is a hard-nosed, in your face wrestler," Grant said. "Dakota is coming along as a Heavyweight. He's got a pretty good match up with Barlow this week. We're excited to see how he'll do."


text:
A Quick Hit is a short post "for further reading" that is not front-paged. Quick hits are listed in the sidebar.
If you are the author of this post, see the Edit tab ad Help (and Advanced Help) for detailed documentation.
Sen. Debbie Stabenow, D-Mich., said that cuts to the food stamp program beyond the $4 billion over 10 years included in a Senate-passed farm bill "are something I am willing to talk about." A farm bill passed by the House Agriculture Committee would include $16 billion in cuts over the same amount of time.
Go for it, Debbie. If the system is electorally responsive, which I doubt, you're cutting your own throat:
Boston, MA – A new poll from researchers at Harvard School of Public Health (HSPH) shows that the U.S. public broadly supports increasing or maintaining spending on the federal Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP), formerly known as the Food Stamp Program. The majority of Americans, including a majority of SNAP participants, also supported policies to improve the nutritional impact of SNAP by incentivizing the purchase of healthy foods and restricting the purchase of sugary drinks. Congress is expected to debate changes, including potential cuts, to SNAP and other components of federal nutrition policy in the coming months as part of the stalled 2012 Farm Bill. More than one in seven Americans receives benefits from the SNAP program each month.


text:
The motorcycle collided with the left rear of the minivan and the rider was ejected and suffered serious injuries. First aid was rendered at the scene and the rider was transported to the hospital where he was later pronounced deceased.
The rider of the motorcycle was identified as 24 year old Brandon Rossman of Yakima.
The collision is being investigated by the Yakima Police Department Traffic Investigation Unit and anyone with information is encouraged to contact Sgt. Chance Belton on (509) 576 6789.


text:
As part of my new "Nothing stops a scheduled training ride" policy I rode on an empty MUP today. No people! No "On your left!!!!" It was great! Well except for the stinging rain, 25 mph winds with higher gusts and 50 degree temps. Other than that it was perfect!
Actually it was very good!
Don't let the weather stop your next ride.


text:
Our latest Hometown Hero is Mallory Russell from Lawrence County, Illinois. After school at Red Hill, she joined the Army in 2005 and became a cook. After training in South Carolina and Virginia, she was sent to Fort Lewis, Washington, then onto Germany. She worked in a dining facility each day until her unit was deployed to Iraq in 2008 when her life changed. About to come home, the humvee she was in was hit by an IED. She suffered a broken hip and back injuries. Mallory was honorably discharged but has had three surgeries since and is set for another in September. For sacrifices above and beyond, Mallory Russell is our latest Hometown Hero.
Copyright 2016 Nexstar Broadcasting, Inc. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed.


text:
The American Academy of Dermatology is offering free skin cancer screenings at 285 different locations during the month of May. Check locations HERE.
There are also some other places offering screenings, if you find that you are not on that list. Go HERE and HERE for more free screenings available.
Thanks Free Sample Freak!
Food For Thought: Did you know that most sunscreens actually contain cancer-causing chemicals? So is it the sun or the sunscreens that lead to cancer? Hmmm…. The Jury Is Still Out on This One. Do a quick search on the internet and you will find some interesting contradicting theories, *achem* I mean "studies."


text:
A rape suspect wanted in Dare County has been captured in New York.
The Dare County Sheriff's Office says 30-year-old Shane Dennis of Colington was indicted this spring on charges of sexually abusing a juvenile.
The sheriff's office says he left the area as the investigation unfolded and was located in New York State, where he was apprehended by the New York State Police. He was subsequently charged with being a Fugitive from North Carolina.
Dennis has been extradited back to Dare County where he was served with the indictments.


text:
June 1, 2016
Authorities have located a Newton woman, who is accused in an arson case. Tanesha Agee is accused of setting a car on fire earlier this month in Newton. She was taken into custody last week by U.S. Marshals at a house in Newton County. Agee has since bonded out of jail. Her case is expected to be presented to a grand jury in Newton County in February.
Click Here to access the online Public Inspection File
Viewers with disabilities can get assistance accessing this station's FCC Public Inspection File by contacting the station with the information listed below. Questions or concerns relating to the accessibility of the FCC's online public file system should be directed to the FCC at 888-225-5322, 888-835-5322 (TTY), or firstname.lastname@example.com.


text:
Skyborn, Razli, Matriel
Matriel, LoD EE, Brannoc
Viluin, BipolarKittens, Villa
Aragoni - Viking Ticket, Pillage/Plunder/Rape
Ron Paul, PaleOne, Matriel
AngusFinch, Realbigdeal22, Jakejakejake - The Retard Ticket
Treefingers, Surly, Matriel
Protonix, DocGonzo, Lindorn
Jangang - Emperor
Surly, Alfaroverall, Fluffington
Other - List em'
I hate Skyborn a lot, like really a lot, but he doesn't care
Last edited by Ammon777; 11-04-2008 at 21:13.
I really want to vote the Surly ticket, but Fluffington would not be a good choice for Defense as he is still shaken from his attempt to overthrow Brannoc. Poor Fluff is so afraid of the hammer that he flees from carpenters.
Originally Posted by LindornOriginally Posted by Aardvarkian
Rickrolling. Its awesome. Every thread should have at least one rickroll. Maybe every word in every post should link to a sticky rickroll just so someone can click them by mistake.
White text. Everyone should be forced to use bold white text.
Kittens. Kitten pictures should be everywhere. In every thread. They should all redirect to rickrolls.
Treefingers for president of the Universe!
ok..i know i nominated the Shadowbane ticket...but how the hell did i become Dick Cheney?
fine...fuck it...
vote for us or i'll take you hunting
if we win...PvP in irl will be approved with full loot
nuff said?
QFT -- survived JTT -- "little less hostile please" - Viranth -- Doc's radio
"I can't say what I want to, even if I'm not serious..." - TooL
Don't vote for those do-nothing tickets! Retard Ticket will get things done, all of our promises are ture and will be fufilled! You can turst me, I am a ceen and sherwd hontest guy. We will not spam aimlessly nu
Last edited by AngusFinch; 11-04-2008 at 21:57.
I voted for my team, because it was stacked.
Why do I have the least votes? What the fuck guys, I thought we had a thing going.. I even made a campaign signature.
EDIT: I bet it's because of Villa, the asshole.
If I am elected, I shall take control of these forums and rule them like they should be ruled. Uhuh.
Last edited by Viluin; 11-04-2008 at 22:13.
Bidding for my vote starts now!
start giving me your stuffs
I'll give you free rickrolls... You can rickroll anyone you want.
I'm thinking of investing in ACORN.


text:
We work just like your internal creative and marketing team. Only better.
GEM Minneapolis is your go-to creative and marketing resource for the development of digital and print communications. A no-hassle partner for quality solutions. We need little ramp-up time and add immediate value – fast turn, high quality and less red tape than big agencies. We're a talented, honest team known for exceeding program objectives with efficiency. A flexible, reliable marketing and creative services partner for any size company, for any size project.


text:
« Bret Michaels Breaks His Nose During Tony Awards Performance | Home | Real World: 23rd Season Will Be Filmed In D.C. »
Candy Spelling Disses Tori On Stella's 1st Birthday
June 12, 2009 01:55 PM by Britteny Elrick
Tori Spelling's feud with her mother has been a source of tabloid gossip for several years. Tori has recently opened up about some of their problems on her reality TV show Tori and Dean: Home Sweet Hollywood, and the fact that she is trying to make steps toward a resolution. Candy Spellingreportedly RSVPedtoher granddaughter's birthday last week, but she never showed…
Sources told Usmagazine.com,that Candy's camp even called in advance and asked if camera crews for Tori's Oxygen show would be present. Tori assured them she would be respectful of her mother's wishes if she didn't want to be filmed. "She still chose not to come," says a source.
A Candy source tells Us, "Candy did RSVP to the event but decided not to attend when she found out there would be cameras there. She wanted it to be an entirely private meeting." However, a Tori source says, "Candy knew there would be cameras and had her people call a week before to have the photo releases sent over. It was a big party and there was plenty of opportunity for a private meeting."
"She waited until one hour before the event to notify Tori, by email, that she wasn't attending," adds the source. "Tori was busy preparing and didn't get the email until after the party. She was waiting for her mom the whole time."
Although Candy claims that she wanted the meeting to be private, she recently posted a public letter on her website calling for reconciliation with Tori. But Tori told Usmagazine.com in April, "If I said one thing to my mother, it wouldn't be public because if she does intend to have a relationship with her grandchildren — which I am totally open to — I just would like her to approach us privately."
Be sure to catchthe new episode of Tori and Dean: Home Sweet Hollywood, which airs on Oxygen onTuesdays at 10pm ET/PT.
For morebreaking news about celebrities and entertainment visit our sister site SheKnows.com! For more Reality TV news visit SirLinksALot: Reality Television. Also, come join us on the new Reality TV Magazine message boards and talk about your favorite show!
Photo Credit:David Livingston/Getty Images; Steve Granitz/WireImage.com
Topics: Oxygen Reality TV Shows, Tori & Dean: Home Sweet Hollywood, Tori Spelling |
« Bret Michaels Breaks His Nose During Tony Awards Performance | Home | Real World: 23rd Season Will Be Filmed In D.C. »


text:
National Post ·
Last Monday, Statistics Canada released a major study on violence against women. It is the third such mega-study the nation's head-counters have done since 1993.
The findings are quite useful. They would be even more useful if the report weren't infused with so much gender bias against male victims of domestic violence.
Like most of officialdom -- politicians, academics, the courts, police, Crown prosecutors, special interest groups, health care professionals --StatsCan does its utmost to highlight violence by men against women, while trivializing violence by women against men.
Part of the greater emphasis on violence against women is warranted. As the report points out, "Women are more frequently subjected to severe forms of violence from men than men are from women." For instance, "In 2004, twice as many women than men were beaten by their partners."
But that still means a lot of men were beaten by their partners.
StatsCan, and the rest of the anti-violence establishment, acts as if no men were beaten, though. The StatsCan report contains sections on the "prevalence and severity of violence against women," the "impact of violence against women," "risk factors associated with violence against women," "violence against Aboriginal women" and "violence against women in the territories," yet pays almost no special attention to violence against men.
In 2004 -- the base year of the study -- 654,000 women and 546,000 men reported being the victims of spousal violence at least once in the previous five years. That's a nearly equal proportion of both sexes -- 7% of Canadian women and 6% of Canadian men.
Even if more than twice as many female victims of domestic violence (19%) are beaten compared to male victims (8%), that still means nearly 44,000 Canadian men received beatings at the hands (or blunt objects) of their female partners.
Certainly, the corresponding number among women -- 124,000 -- is substantially higher. But to read StatsCan's report or listen to representatives of the shelter lobby or provincial ministers responsible for reducing violence, you would be forgiven for forming the impression that only women are ever victims of domestic abuse.
In fact, while female victims are more likely to be "pushed, grabbed [or] shoved" -- 81% versus 48% of male victims -- or sexually assaulted by their partners -- 16% to almost zero -- both sexes are equally likely (23% each) to hit their partners with an object of some sort or to threaten the other with a gun or knife (11% versus 9%). Meanwhile, female assaulters are more likely to kick, bite or hit (40% to 27%), slap (57% to 36%) or throw something (49% to 44%).
Admittedly, violence against women is the more common problem.
Statistics Canada reveals that "twice as many female victims of spousal assault reported chronic, ongoing assaults" of 10 or more attacks.
Still, that finding does not mean that no males were chronically abused.
While 137,000 female victims claimed 10 or more violent incidents in the previous five years, 60,000 men experienced the same treatment.
Early on in its study, Statistics Canada tries to explain away its anti-male bias. Indeed, on the first page after the table of contents, the authors write, "Women's traditional role in society as caregivers often limits their ability to access programs intended for all Canadians." They cite as an example employment training programs that might be available only to full-time workers. Since more women than men work part-time, such a program would favour men over women. Therefore, they infer, work on domestic violence must focus on women, lest female victims somehow be forgotten.
But since there are nearly 600 shelters for female victims of domestic abuse, and only a handful of male shelters, it is hard to share StatsCan's worry that women who suffer abuse are more likely than men to drop through the cracks.
The whole focus of treatment programs for abusers, and special court policies on prosecuting abusers, is aimed at men who beat their female partners. There is very little focus on the obverse, which may explain why men who abuse are more than twice as likely as female abusers to be charged with the highest offence for their crimes, and more than twice as likely to serve time.
Domestic abuse is a human problem, not a male or female one. Other studies have shown that women are almost as likely to strike the first blow in a relationship as men. Men may be marginally more violent than their female partners, and their violence may lead to about twice as much injury. Still, as a culture, we pretend that damaging, female-initiated violence does not exist.
Perhaps the most useful part of StatsCan's large survey is its examination of risk factors for domestic violence. If you are living common-law, you are as much as five times as likely to suffer abuse as someone who is married. Indeed, violence by live-in boyfriends and girlfriends is the only category of abuse that has grown in the past five years.
If you are young or aboriginal or have an alcoholic or drug-addicted partner, you are more vulnerable. Also if you are gay or lesbian.
"Spousal violence was twice as common among homosexual couples compared with heterosexual couples." Fifteen percent of gay and lesbian partnerships experienced violence.
Significant reductions in spousal abuse have been achieved in the past 15 years. But it is less likely further significant improvements will occur so long as the issue is so clouded by gender bias and politics.


text:
In a syndicated editorial penned by Dr. Mehmet Oz (who is known best for "The Dr. Oz Show") and Dr. Mike Roizen (chief medical officer at the Cleveland Clinic Wellness Institute), the good doctors proclaim that "It's official (again)- violent video games hurt teens." They determine (without citation) that playing games like Call of Duty: Black Ops (which they say features dismembered limbs, obscene language, torture) and Hitman: Absolution is "bad for teens" (both games are rated "M" and therefore shouldn't be played by teens).
They also say that "violent games harm young, developing brains by fueling aggressive behavior, dulling empathy and causing sleep problems."
At least they offer some good advice for parents on limiting screen time and using the ESRB's ratings system before buying children games that are outside of the proper classification for age groups. They also recommend joining your kids in physical activities that reduce stress and improves impulse control.
Of course the problem with all these proclamations from Dr. Oz and his colleague is that he is not qualified to make them. He holds no degrees in clinical psychology or therapy, and has never conducted any research on the affects of violent video games. Dr. Oz is a Professor of Surgery, and Vice-Chairman – Department of Surgery at Columbia University College of Physicians & Surgeons in NYC; and Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY an attending surgeon at New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Columbia University Medical Center.
You can read the editorial here.


text:
Contact Us
Mental Health
Ask a Psychiatrist and Get Answers to Mental Health Questions ASAP
Ask an Expert
Medical Questions
Mental Health Issues
How JustAnswer Works:
Ask an Expert
Experts are full of valuable knowledge and are ready to help with any question. Credentials confirmed by a Fortune 500 verification firm.
Get a Professional Answer
Via email, text message, or notification as you wait on our site.
Ask follow up questions if you need to.
100% Satisfaction Guarantee
Rate the answer you receive.
Ask Dr. Olsen Your Own Question
Dr. Olsen
Mental Health
Satisfied Customers:
PsyD Psychologist
Type Your Mental Health Question Here...
Dr. Olsen is online now
My adult son is having mental health problems (hearing voices).
Resolved Question:
My adult son is having mental health problems (hearing voices). He doesnt want to see a Dr or take any prescribed drugs. What do you suggest I do to get him help.
4 years ago.
Mental Health
Share this conversation
Dr. Olsen
replied 4 years ago.
Hi there,
Thank you for writing in here.
I am so sorry to hear about your 22 year old son's situation.
It sounds like he has psychotic features - auditory hallucinations.
Excess use of alcohol and drug use may have caused psychotic features over time.
A number of studies show that drug use may aggravate mood disorder and cause
in people. (For example, see the link http://www.sciencedaily.com/news/mind_brain/marijuana/)
He resists seeing a psychiatrist. I wonder if he sees his primary care doctor then.
First, I would advise your son to get a physical check-up from your primary care doctor to detect and rule out any medical condition that may cause or contribute to his psychotic features.
He may need to work with a psychiatrist and a psychologist specializing in addiction and/or psychotic disorder.
You may call his insurance company and get a list of providers (a certified alcohol counselor, and a psychologist) in his area.
If he has no health insurance and need a low fee counseling,
you may call The United Way toll free # XXXXX (dial 2-1-1) to find community mental health centers in his area where he can
alcohol abuse
and/or dual diagnosis treatment for a low fee.
Also, he will benefit from attending a support group for young adults with similar problems. Free social support recovery groups are available in nearly every community and can used as a supplement to a more comprehensive outpatient treatment. If you like to find a support group for him, check Mental Health America website section (http://www.mentalhealthamerica.net/go/find_support_group) - Find a group in your area.
He also may need comprehensive, community-based psychiatric treatment, rehabilitation, and support in a community clinic (a community behavioral health program). The services he may need are, Assertive Community Treatment (ACT), Psychosocial Rehabilitation, and Social skills Training. ACT includes case management, ongoing assessments, medication support, supportive counseling, employment and housing assistance, family support and education,
substance abuse
services, and other services as needed to support the individual's ability to live successfully in the community. Clients and their family members are viewed as collaborative partners in the treatment planning and intervention process. ACT services are available 24 hours per day 365 days per year.
If your son is dangerous to self (and others) due to his mental condition, please call a local mobile crisis team or psychiatric emergency response team designated by his city and county to initiate psychiatric assessment and involuntary hospitalization.
Or, seek help immediately. Call 1-800-273-TALK (8255) to reach a 24 hour crisis center or dial 911 for immediate assistance.
I hope he gets well.
Please let me know if you have more questions or I have overlooked any. Warm regards,
Dr. Olsen, Psychologist
Mental Health
Satisfied Customers:
PsyD Psychologist
Dr. Olsen and other Mental Health Specialists are ready to help you
Ask your own question now
Share this conversation
JustAnswer in the News:
Ask-a-doc Web sites: If you've got a quick question, you can try to get an answer from sites that say they have various specialists on hand to give quick answers... Justanswer.com.
JustAnswer.com...has seen a spike since October in legal questions from readers about layoffs, unemployment and severance.
Web sites like justanswer.com/legal
...leave nothing to chance.
Traffic on JustAnswer rose 14 percent...and had nearly 400,000 page views in 30 days...inquiries related to stress, high blood pressure, drinking and heart pain jumped 33 percent.
Tory Johnson, GMA Workplace Contributor, discusses work-from-home jobs, such as JustAnswer in which verified Experts answer people's questions.
I will tell you that...the things you have to go through to be an Expert are quite rigorous.
What Customers are Saying:
I can go as far as to say it could have resulted in saving my sons life and our entire family now knows what bipolar is and how to assist and understand my most wonderful son, brother and friend to all who loves him dearly. Thank you very much
Corrie Moll
Pretoria, South Africa
I can go as far as to say it could have resulted in saving my sons life and our entire family now knows what bipolar is and how to assist and understand my most wonderful son, brother and friend to all who loves him dearly. Thank you very much
Corrie Moll
Pretoria, South Africa
I thank-you so much! It really helped to have this information and confirmation. We will watch her carefully and get her in for the examination and US right away if things do not improve. God bless you as well!
Albuquerque, NM
Outstanding response time less than 6 minutes. Answered the question professionally and with a great deal of compassion.
Beaverton, OR
Suggested diagnosis was what I hoped and will take this info to my doctor's appointment next week.
I feel better already! Thank you.
Tracy, CA
Thank you to the Physician who answered my question today. The answer was far more informative than what I got from the Physicians I saw in person for my problem.
Lockesburg, AR
You have been more help than you know. I seriously don't know what my sisters situation would be today if you had not gone above and beyond just answering my questions.
John and Stefanie
Tucson, AZ
I have been dealing with an extremely serious health crisis for over three years, and one your physicians asked me more questions, gave me more answers and encouragement than a dozen different doctors who have been treating me!!
Janet V
Phoenix, AZ
Meet The Experts:
Dr. Keane
Satisfied Customers:
Clinical Psychology PhD, Licensed Professional Counselor with experience in marriage/family, teens and child psychology.
Dr. Keane's Avatar
Dr. Keane
Satisfied Customers:
Clinical Psychology PhD, Licensed Professional Counselor with experience in marriage/family, teens and child psychology.
Kate McCoy, M.Ed, NBCC, LPC's Avatar
Kate McCoy, M.Ed, NBCC, LPC
Satisfied Customers:
Over 20 years experience specializing in anxiety, depression, drug and alcohol, and relationship issues.
Dr. Olsen's Avatar
Dr. Olsen
Satisfied Customers:
PsyD Psychologist
Norman M.'s Avatar
Norman M.
Principal psychotherapist in private practice. Newspaper contributor, over 2000 satisfied clients on JA
Satisfied Customers:
ADHP(NC), DEHP(NC), ECP, UKCP Registered.
Dr. Michael's Avatar
Dr. Michael
Satisfied Customers:
Licensed Ph.D. Clinical Health Psychology with 30 years of experience in private practive and as a clinical psychology university professor.
Rafael M.T.Therapist's Avatar
Rafael M.T.Therapist
Satisfied Customers:
MHT-MHRS-MS-MA Integral Psychotherapist & Life Coach
Steven Olsen's Avatar
Steven Olsen
Satisfied Customers:
More than twenty years of expertise in counseling, psychological diagnosis and education
Related Mental Health Questions
Date Submitted
What treatment is there ? I have been anhedonic since taking
Dr. Z
I would like to talk about my OCD symptoms because I am
Dr. Z
Are there any natural ways to help a person with
Dr. Z
I'm concerned about my sons behaviour this morning. I caught
Dr. Z
Z., tomorrow is ten years exactly from my tbi. Shouldn't
Dr. Z
After smoking with a girl I know and talking about one of my
Dr. Z
My wife and I are ages 56 and 51 respectively and have a
Linda D.
I would like to have Dr Kaushik answer this question please.
Dr. Z
My granddaughter will be 16 in August. She has been
Dr. Z
Dear doctor , I feel that I might have depression or some
Dr. Z
Ask a Mental Health Professional
Get a Professional Answer. 100% Satisfaction Guaranteed.
34 Mental Health Professionals are Online Now
Type Your Mental Health Question Here...
characters left:
Disclaimer: Information in questions, answers, and other posts on this site ("Posts") comes from individual users, not JustAnswer; JustAnswer is not responsible for Posts. Posts are for general information, are not intended to substitute for informed professional advice (medical, legal, veterinary, financial, etc.), or to establish a professional-client relationship. The site and services are provided "as is" with no warranty or representations by JustAnswer regarding the qualifications of Experts. To see what credentials have been verified by a third-party service, please click on the "Verified" symbol in some Experts' profiles. JustAnswer is not intended or designed for EMERGENCY questions which should be directed immediately by telephone or in-person to qualified professionals.
Contact Us
Terms of Service
Privacy & Security
About Us
Our Network
© 2003-2016 JustAnswer LLC
JustAnswer UK
JustAnswer Germany
JustAnswer Spanish
JustAnswer Japan


text:
Missoula city and county governments are getting an upgrade to their computer system.
Missoula police officers say they've already seen some of the benefits.
The new system gives officers the ability to file their police reports from their vehicles. In addition they can search for information about suspects or victims and communicate more effectively with the county and the jail.
Missoula Police Department Public Information Officer Travis Welsh said while the department is still learning the ins and outs of the new system, in the long run it makes their jobs easier.
"They can not only do searches from their vehicles but they can look at booking photos, they can see things in real time as opposed to having a lag," Welsh said. "That will help them with their stops, it will help them with their field investigations."
The upgrade isn't yet complete. Two public websites, the county jail roster and the daily calls for service log are offline. Missoula county officials hope to restore both relatively soon.


text:
In a much-anticipated ruling likely to have national implications, Kanawha Circuit Judge Louis H. Bloom entered two lengthy orders yesterday finding in favor of the State on all its claims and ordering Internet lender, CashCall, of Anaheim, California, to pay $15 million in civil penalties, refunds, and cancelled debts for the 292 West Virginia consumers who obtained the loans and ... Read More »
I'm Looking for a Bankruptcy Attorney in Fairfax, Virginia. – Ann
"Dear Steve, I'm in Fairfax County, VA area. I am 4 months behind on house mortgage (HFC – foreign owned). Own tree service and am a partner in a small struggling marketing firm. Anyway, I have been in the tree service for almost 12 years and while it is always slower in the winter, yet at some point in March ... Read More »
BBB Warns Of Phony Puppy Purchases
As an avid animal lover I believe there's a special place in hell for pet scammers. No, not people that scam your pets, people that are scammer prospective pet buyers. I will refrain from getting on my soap box about the benefits of adopting animals and the advantages of being a rescue parent (like myself!) but instead will bring to ... Read More »
Holy Fraud, Batman! Literally…
Yesterday, an Ohio resident was indicted for allegedly engaging in a fraud scheme that promised to fund more than $500 million in mortgage loans to around 20 churches and a dozen small businesses across the country. The man, Jamal Lawson, fraudulently obtained more than $300,000 in advance fees that he used for personal expenses instead of securing loans as he ... Read More »
Lebanese Financial Institutions Linked to Hizballah Allegedly Wired Over $300 Million Into The United States In Money Laundering Scheme
Announced earlier last week was the filing of a civil money-laundering and in rem forfeiture complaint alleging a massive, international scheme in which Lebanese financial institutions, including a bank and two exchange houses linked to Hizballah, used the U.S. financial system to launder narcotics trafficking and other criminal proceeds through West Africa and back into Lebanon. As part of the ... Read More »
$78 Million Mortgage Fraud "Dream Home" Scheme Owner Convicted
Andrew Hamilton Williams, Jr., was convicted last week in Maryland of fraud conspiracy, wire fraud and conspiracy to commit money laundering in connection to a massive mortgage fraud scheme. The scheme, entitled "Metro Dream Homes" promised to pay off homeowners' mortgages on the homes of their dreams but instead left them high and dry. According to evidence presented at the ... Read More »
Did You Win $2.5 Million And A Mercedes Benz From The BBB? I Didn't Think So…
If you receive a phone call claiming that you've won $2.5 million and a Mercedes Benz from a "representative" of the Better Business Bureau (BBB) be wary and hang up! The BBB put out a warning today "cautioning businesses and consumers about a website and phone calls that are purporting to be from BBB about sweepstakes' winnings. This is a ... Read More »
Union Hispana Defrauds Multiple Virginia Banks
This just in! ANOTHER person thought it would be a GREAT and SUPER SMART idea to defraud a bank … and it WASN'T! When will people learn? Multiple Virginia banks were defrauded almost $3.4 million by Osvaldo Mercado for submitting fraudulent loans. Mercado was indicted on conspiracy, six counts of bank fraud, two counts of mail fraud, and two counts ... Read More »
Red Light Camera Scam Raises Red Flags
Sometimes it's hard to tell the red flag in a scam when it's a red light. Virginia police are warning of a new scam involving red light cameras. Being from Maryland I know that red light cameras are everywhere. I mean, everywhere. For those of you that have not experienced the alarming horror of these cameras let me paint a ... Read More »


text:
On the grounds of Coachella.
The Duchess of Cambridge attending a lifesaving event on Manley Beach in Sydney.
German photographer Jonas Unger has assembled a series of celebrities' selfies, which will be on display at Galerie Derouillon in Paris. Here, one by Karolina Kurkova.
Sienna Miller in Topshop with Poppy Delevingne in Lisa Marie Fernandez and a Superdry jacket at a Superdry-hosted party at Coachella.
For your eyes only, (Karl Lagerfeld), 2013; a portrait of the designer at Galerie Daniel Templon by French photo duo Pierre et Gilles.
The atmosphere at the Neon Carnival at Coachella.
Sofia Vergara at the premiere of John Turturro's latest movie, "Fading Gigolo."
Mia Moretti at Shopbazaar.com and Julianne Hough's Coachella party.
Christina Hendricks at Jimmy Choo's party to toast its revamped Beverly Hills flagship.
An image from inside "Jay Jeffers: Collected Cool," a new book out this month by the interior designer.
Jennifer Mankins, the owner of Bird Williamsburg.