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I have just ran threw the loded touring picture list, came up with 114 brooks and 182 other saddles. Too much time on my hands! what is the # 2 most popular saddle?
I have just ran threw the loded touring picture list, came up with 114 brooks and 182 other saddles. Too much time on my hands! what is the # 2 most popular saddle?
A child learns what the village teaches!
After the B-17, I think the second most popular is also a Brooks, the Professional.
terry and WTB are good options
Not going to bother with Antarctica
The Terry Fly is another saddle that has a pretty large following. As does one of the WTB saddles (I forget which one).
Personally they are all just saddles to me. All the ones that came on my various bikes are good enough for a coast to coast bike tour. The one saddle that I didn't like was a Brooks, but only because I didn't like it after a lot of wet weather riding sagged it out. Also I didn't think it was all that special. It definitely was OK when new, but it didn't wow me enough to make me think it was worth the extra weight.
What you don't want is something too padded or too wide. Also I don't like Gel.
Everyone has an opinion. None of them are wrong if it works for them.
a growing in popularity saddle is the selle anatomica. I have 3, one for each bike. No break in time. Often confused with a brooks but it is definately not a brooks.
I'd suggest that you count in some more random place. It seems that some locations like "the fulley loaded touring picture thingey" and this forum have a strong bias to the Brooks saddle that isn't necessarily born out on the road at least in the US.
You might get a very different result if you surveyed folks who are posting pictures of their tours rather than their bikes. One way to do that is to use the random "serendipity" view on crazyguyonabike.com. Numbers will vary depending on how large a sample you do and the luck of the draw. I know that when I did a count at one time in the past the number of Brooks saddles among the recognizable saddles was pretty small. This fits with what I saw on the road while riding the TA, which was the only tour I did where I met lots of other bike tourists.
Reading the forum you get the idea that everyone uses Brooks saddles, Tubus racks, and Ortleib panniers. On the road all three were present, but relatively rare in my observations. I think that is because these products have a loyal following that tend to oversell them in any discussion and like to post pictures of the bikes that they are very proud of. On one hand I hardly saw any Brooks saddles the entire summer on the TA despite the fact that we met other cyclist pretty much every day and on the other hand there are what three? four? different threads about Brooks saddles going at once here.
BTW: I am not knocking any of those products, but think that reading here gives the distorted notion they are some kind of universal requirement for touring or at least that they are used by the majority of tourists and as best I can tell that is very much not the case.
Somehow I managed to stumble across the US without any of them and also without seeing them in use by very many other tourists.
It is not only this forum that is Brooks crazy. I went into Hollywood Pro Bicycles and was looking for a LHT and was asking the same question you are. The two guys looked at each other and said "oh yes! We also suggest another brand of saddle......... It is called Brooks." They refused to sell or recommend any other saddle than this. They don't even sell a complete bike with the stock saddle. When you role out that door that customer will have a brooks on it.


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The Cincinnati Bengals are expected to have two key players back on the field this week when they take on the Washington Redskins in their home opener. DE Carlos Dunlap and RB Bernard Scott are slated to return to the lineup. Niether player has seen action yet this season, Dunlap is coming off a knee injury and Scott returns after suffering a broken hand he suffered in the preseason.
Dunlap, in his third season out of the University of Florida recorded 23 tackles and 4.5 sacks last season for the Bengals. Scott is in his fourth season with Cincinnati and rushed for 380 yards on 112 carries last season. Scott will be backing up free agent acquisition BenJarvus Green-Ellis. Green-Ellis has posted 166 yards and one touchdown in the first two weeks of the season and will face a Washington Redskins team which lost two of their best defenders for the season last week and yielded 141 yards on the ground to the St. Louis Rams.
Filed under: AFC North, Cincinnati Bengals, NFL
Tagged with: Bernard Scott, Carlos Dunlap, Cincinnati Bengals
Sorry, comments are closed on this post.


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Browse Reviews :: Everyone Communicates, Few Connect
Everyone Communicates, Few Connect What the Most Effective People Do Differently
By John C. Maxwell
Published by Thomas Nelson
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All Reviews
On 8/5 emily tsutsumi wrote: I recently read John Maxwell's book, "Everyone Communicates, Few Connect". Basically this book teaches you the difference between these two concepts and how anyone can learn to make every communication an opportunity for a powerful connection. He goes on to share five principles and five practices to ... Everyone Communicates Few Connect by John Maxwell
On 8/4 jeff ulrich wrote: Everyone Communicates, Few Connect, by John Maxwell: This book looks at how you communicate with people. In words, actions and body language. But really how many times are our lips a flapping and we aren't really connecting? This book has great practical advice on connecting when we communicate. ... Everyone Communicates, Few Connect, by John Maxwell: Book Review
On 8/4 Kela Nellums wrote: In Everyone Communicates, Few Connect, Maxwell shares the Five Principles and Five Practices to develop the crucial skill of connecting, including:Finding Common Ground Keeping Your Communication Simple Capturing People's Interest Inspiring People Staying Authentic in All Your Relationships The ability ... Everyone Communicates, Few Connect
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On 7/26 Jordan Wright wrote: Everyone communicates. Looks, motions, your words, deeds, and perhaps even thoughts, all form some sort of communication. But how often do you really, truly connect with someone? Is it worth your time? Not very often. And yes, it is. As John Maxwell explains in his book, Everyone Communicates, Few Connect, connections are vital to achieving ... Everyone Communicates, Few Connect, by John Maxwell: A Review
On 7/24 Darren Wu wrote: I love to read quality books. So recently, I signed up for Booksneeze, a site that sends you books for free! Well. . . not completely free. For the company to benefit, I must provide an honest review of the book I receive. So I chose this particular book because the author, John Maxwell, is known as ... Everyone Communicates, Few Connect By John Maxwell | Book Review
On 7/22 Aaron Saufley wrote: You're in the middle of giving an important presentation. Something just isn't right. People are looking at their watches, nodding off, or texting. You wrap your presentation wondering what happened. The hard fact is this: you communicated with your audience, but you didn't connect with them. John ... Log Off of YouTube and Read Something: Everyone Communicates, Few connect
On 7/21 Peter Stevens wrote: John C. Maxwell is famous in the world of leadership, both inside and outside of the church. His newest book, however, is not primarily on leadership, but on connecting with people. In his newest book Everyone Communicates, Few Connect, Maxwell digs deep into the world of communicating with people. Speaking ... review of Everyone Communicates, Few Connect
On 7/19 Eric Upton wrote: Finally finished this book! Talk about a startling look at myself and my abilities! This book was probably the most challenging read for me this year. Simply because it created within me a desire to improve my ability to really and truly connect with others. Yeah, sure. I "talk" a lot, as noted ... Pause and Cause To Reflect


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Annual Events
Envision Utah holds three annual events, including the Corporate Friends Breakfast, Common Good Awards Luncheon, and Envision Utah Governor's Quality Growth Awards.
Quality Growth Awards
Envision Utah created the Quality Growth Awards to recognize communities and companies for their commitment to quality growth principles that keep Utah beautiful, prosperous, healthy and neighborly.
Common Good Awards Luncheon
Envision Utah created the Common Good Awards to recognize people and organizations whose values and actions benefit the community as a whole.
Corporate Friends Breakfast
Envision Utah's Corporate Friends Breakfast brings together Utah's corporate leaders to discuss current issues impacting the state.


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He said a higher number of auspicious gold-buying occasions in the first quarter of 2013 would likely favour the metal.
"When you look at the full year, we're anticipating that we'll see 865-965 tonnes of demand," he said.
In China, demand is expected to recover to between 780-880 tonnes this year, against 776.1 tonnes last year.
"The jury's out on a major re-acceleration of growth in Chinese gold demand," Grubb said. "Last year we saw the first significant slowdown in the Chinese economy in years. That did affect these numbers."
"What you're seeing in January and February is a re-acceleration in the Chinese economy," he said. "We will see what that does to gold demand in the first part of 2013."
Bar and coin investment fell sharply in the United States and Europe last year, with U.S. offtake dropping by more than a third to 53.4 tonnes and European buying down 29 percent to 273.6 tonnes.
Overall investment demand last year fell 10 percent to 1,534.6 tonnes. That was led by a 17 percent dip in bar and coin demand, with bar investment falling by a fifth to 941.1 tonnes.
Investment via gold-backed exchange-traded funds rose, however, with ETF demand up by more than half at 279 tonnes.
"There was a pick-up in U.S. coin and bar demand towards the end of the year because of the fiscal cliff," Grubb said. "But overall for the year it was weak, and it reflects the fact that in Europe the announcements by the European Central Bank took away tail risk in the mind of the investor."
"The announcement of OMT (bond-buying) in Europe and quantitative easing in the United States also mitigated fears of a near-term crisis, and I think that's why bar and coin demand fell. Institutional investors and private wealth took a different view - you see the ETF tonnages went up 51 percent and over-the-counter (demand) had a strong year."
He said while more optimism over the outlook for the global economy was likely to encourage investment in other assets like stocks, the fact that much of that was driven by extremely loose monetary policy meant gold investment was unlikely to fall.
"Investors are trying to call a turn in the asset cycle," Grubb said. "The jury's still out on whether this will be the year when it actually happens. Even if you do start to look at the world more optimistically in 2013, it doesn't mean


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Puzzle Piece Christmas Tree
Show the kids how to recycle those old puzzle pieces into this pretty Puzzle Piece Christmas Tree designed by the FreeKidsCrafts Team. It's fun to craft with recycled materials and Earth friendly too.
White Card Stock
Puzzle with Missing Pieces
Green Paint and Brush
Beads, Jewels, Sequins etc
Paint the back of puzzle pieces green. (The front is usually coated with a sealer and will not absorb paint well). Let dry.
Draw a Christmas Tree on your cardstock Cut out for the base of your tree. Paint green.
Glue the puzzle pieces using photo as a guide. Decorate with trim of your choice.
Listed under:
Christmas Crafts, Early Elementary Craft, Recycled Game Pieces
Tagged as:
Christmas crafts for kids, easy kids crafts, easy recycled crafts for kids
What do you think?
These projects are created by Terri, Betty, Jamie or one of the talented staff members at MakingFriends.com. They have been created exclusively for publication on FreeKidsCrafts.com with supplies you'll be able to find around your house.


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Printable View
yeah that was mad ill etc. lord post music you think i'll like more often, i need new stuff to listen to but dont have the time/energy to seek out whats good.
maybe i will god, maybe i will
this now the official 'lord posts songs megathread' deal with it haters
Lord how big is your music collection
bigger than some, not as big as others
I have 331 albums, 20.46 GB
12k songs roughly. dunno how many gigs
4053 songs on my iTunes
not that im AGAINST downloading or anything but digital information is not a 'collection'
it's not a 'physical collection' though
when i have a good paying job i intend on buying physical formats for a lot of my downloaded material. maybe get a vinyl player. that'd be snazzy
I think I'm getting a record player for Easter
that and i'm pretty proud of my 'collection,' it's extremely varied and has a lot of mainstream stuff, as well as rare stuff and rare mainstream eps and singles and b-sides etc
i have like three physical cds and all three were gifts
that i received more than seven years ago
Vinyl is still the best sound quality and some people will always care about that
digital technology will eventually make vinyl obsolete.
The majority of my music is through physical CDs. Not a fan of digital downloads.
I have a record player from the 20s.
Its ass.


text: I searched the threads on wheel building. Proper (and uniform) spoke tension is mentioned repeatedly. I understand uniform spoke tension and how a tensiometer would make this easier. But how do I know what the proper amount of spoke tension is? Is this different for lighter or heavier riders? Type of riding (racing, touring, tandems, etc...)?


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Hotel Marlowe: Exceptional meetings and events in Cambridge, MA
Exceptional Catering and Meeting Facilities in Cambridge
Bambara, Cambridge's praised dining destination adjacent to Hotel Marlowe, provides the private dining and catering services for the Hotel Marlowe meeting rooms. Bambara's Executive Chef, Jay Silva draws on his New England roots and regional, seasonal ingredients to create vibrant menus full of discovery, for unforgettable events at our luxury Cambridge hotel.
Our experienced catering team will gladly work with you to create a menu customized to your event. View some of our sample menus to find out more about what we offer:
In addition to the mouthwatering menus created by Chef Silva for our events, Bambara features private and semi-private dining space suited to any occasion. From intimate cocktail parties to elegant dinners for up to 100 guests, Bambara presents:
- Semi-private mezzanine overlooking the dining room and exhibition kitchen, with a view of the outdoor patio and herb garden, accommodates 50 seated guests and 80 for a reception
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To learn more about our Cambridge meeting facilities and to book your next meeting or event at Hotel Marlowe or Bambara, contact our Sales Department at firstname.lastname@example.com or phone (617) 868-8000.


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Family Law
Family Law Questions? Ask a Family Lawyer Online.
Thank you for choosing Just Answer. My name is XXXXX XXXXX I will assist you.
I need a little more information ?
Was the agreement in the divorce settlement ?
What are the exact words in the agreement ?
I don't have the exact words but it says more or less that he can make the mortgage payment as part of alimony until she sells the home. I just don't believe she will do that (sell)for various reasons.
Here is a little more info for you, found a copy of the stipulation for judgment. It says that husband may deduct house payment from wife's alimony until she closes escrow on the house. (family home that she was awarded) It is silent on the issue as to what happens if she dies before home is sold.
Thank you. Your settlement agreement should state that alimony ceases upon the death of either party. If alimony ceases for any reason per the stipulation you are no longer obligated to make the mortgage payment. Please accept my response with a rating of 3 or better so I can get credit for my response. If you have follow up questions please ask
I understand that we are not obligated to make the alimony payment when she dies, but the loan is still an outstanding obligation in his name. Does that mean her estate is responsible for the debt at that time?
What would my husband tell the bank if this happens so they don't ding his credit if he ceases making payments? If the house goes through probate,it would take months to sell and there could be alot of unpaid payments piling up. Is there a legal document he can show bank to get him off the hook?
DISCLAIMER: Answers from Experts on JustAnswer are not substitutes for the advice of an attorney. JustAnswer is a public forum and questions and responses are not private or confidential or protected by the attorney-client privilege. The Expert above is not your attorney, and the response above is not legal advice. You should not read this response to propose specific action or address specific circumstances, but only to give you a sense of general principles of law that might affect the situation you describe. Application of these general principles to particular circumstances must be done by a lawyer who has spoken with you in confidence, learned all relevant information, and explored various options. Before acting on these general principles, you should hire a lawyer licensed to practice law in the jurisdiction to which your question pertains.
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@Inproceedings {export:81171, abstract = {
Designers of Multi-Display Environments (MDEs) often use input redirection to allow users to manipulate content on multiple displays with a single interaction device, but users seated at sub-optimal positions (i.e., not facing the display) may find interaction difficult or frustrating. In collaborative MDEs, users should be able to choose their preferred collaborative arrangement, rather than adjusting to the limitations of the technology. We compare content and input redirection from a variety of seating positions in an MDE. Results from our studies show that content redirection does not suffer from performance loss in sub-optimal seating positions, as opposed to input redirection, which does. Content redirection provides a method for all members of a group to interact with shared content regardless of their position relative to a shared display.}, author = {James Wallace and Regan Mandryk and Kori Inkpen}, booktitle = {Conference on Computer supported cooperative work (CSCW 2008)}, month = {November}, publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery, Inc.}, title = {Comparing content and input redirection in MDEs}, url = {http://research.microsoft.com/apps/pubs/default.aspx?id=81171}, year = {2008}, }


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On this date in 2000, frontman for Punk/Pop band The Offspring, Dexter Holland, testified on behalf of Jello Biafra, leader of Punk pioneers Dead Kennedys and both a friend of and huge influence on Holland. Biafra was being sued by his former DK bandmates for allegedly mismanaging royalties from their back catalog and failing to promote their music. Many felt the lawsuit was the result of Biafra not allowing the band's song "Holiday in Cambodia" to be used in a commercial for Levi's, though his former bandmates denied it. (Why Levi's thought that song would be great for selling khakis is another story …)
Holland was on hand at the trial to testify that, in his opinion, if a Dead Kennedys song was used in a commercial, it would taint their legacy and credibility.
"The punk-rock movement was supposed to be a very rebellious movement," Holland told the court. "Anything that connects the band to what is considered mainstream goes against what the band stands for."
While Biafra claimed his solo work and spoken word gigs were, in essence, promoting the Dead Kennedys catalog, and that he himself had never been properly compensated in terms of royalties, the jury agreed with his ex-bandmates. Biafra was ordered to pay $200,000 to the other band members. A later appeal was denied.
The "Dead Kennnedys," minus Biafra, began doing "reunion" shows in 2001, originally replacing Biafra with Brandon Cruz, the former child star of '69-'72 sitcom The Courtship of Eddie's Father. Biafra responded in song, collaborating with The Melvins on the track "Those Dumb Punk Kids (Will Buy Anything)."
Born This Day: Musical movers and shakers sharing a May 15 birthday include union organizer and Folk singer/poet Utah Phillips (1935);'80s/early '90s Country star K.T. Oslin (1942); Prog-to-Classical-to-Electronica-to-New-Age instrumentalist Mike Oldfield (1953); leader of Goth Rock stars The Sisters of Mercy, Andrew Eldritch (1959); Rap music pioneer Gradmaster Melle Mel (1961); founder of shocking Grindcore favorites Anal Cunt, Seth Putnam (1968); and musician/composer/producer Brian Eno (1948).
From his early '70s time with Roxy Music and his thrilling solo works that came after he quit the band in '73 through his endlessly adventurous solo and collaborative works since and his revolutionary production jobs, most notably with Talking Heads and U2, Brian Eno is one of the most important figures in contemporary music in terms of influence. Today's Modern Rock, Indie, Dance music and Electronica landscape is filled with artists who might sound differently were it not for Eno's work. Although known as the godfather of Ambient music, Eno's influence goes beyond that. Eno's legacy is more about sound, mood and feel.
AllMusic says that Eno "forever altered the ways in which music is approached, composed, performed, and perceived, and everything from punk to techno to new age bears his unmistakable influence."
In 1996, Eno literally became a part of a lot of people's everyday lives when he composed the six-second start-up sound for Microsoft's Windows 95 OS. Meaning every time your PC crashed (I've used a Mac forever, but from what I understand, that was/is a lot), you heard a little Eno. (Ever the rascally rascal, Eno told BBC radio he created the sound on a Mac because he doesn't like PCs.)
And, yes, people still need Brian Eno, now that he's 64. Eno has never stopped releasing or producing new music in some form. Last year, he released Drums Between the Bells on the Warp label. (Pitchfork — which has numerous Eno releases on their "Best of the Decades" overviews, in multiple decades — described Eno signing to Warp as like being The Beatles joining the Elephant 6 collective). The album was a collaboration with poet Rick Holland.
And this past Sunday, Eno won his first BAFTA award from the British Academy of Film and Television Arts for his soundtrack work (something else for which he's very well known) on the BBC Channel 4 mini-series Top Boy.
Below is a playlist featuring several of Eno's Ambient works, plus a clip from his earlier, ingenious "Art Pop" days.


text: Those darn commies took Alaska and north Madagascar. I don't mind them taking that cold place but damn them for taking the lemurs. Looks good so far, man. For the rivers I can't really do much for ya until I get something bigger to work with and the mountains, deserts n such filled in (I find putting the rivers in last the easiest way).


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Survivor: One World Recap — A Game Of Numbers
April 18, 2012 06:44 PM by Ryan Haidet
Anybody who watches Survivor knows that it's a game about numbers. Those with a numbers advantage can make it very far in the game. While that's a simple concept, the majority of these people on Survivor: One World don't seem to grasp it. Troy, who is clearly at the bottom of the totem pole, tried to open people's eyes to help them see that Kim was running the game with Chelsea, Kat and Sabrina. Could he find a way to crack the core female alliance? Read on to find out!
Going… Going… Gone!
Yes! The Survivor auction made its return to the game and I couldn't have been happier. I've always liked these because they're just plain fun to watch. For this auction, each castaway was given $500 cash and had to bid in increments of $20. Nobody could pool their money or share items. Here's how it broke down.
- Chelsea got three doughnuts and an iced coffee for $160.
- Sabrina paid $400 for chips guacamole and a margarita.
- Leif dished out $100 for a big protein shake with two bananas on the side.
- Amazingly, Kim won a shower with shampoo and a toothbrush for just $40.
- Kat spent $180 for a BLT with chips and an iced tea. She was pleasantly surprised to find there was a bacon on the sandwich even though that's a main component of a BLT! Seriously, what planet does this woman live on?!?!
- Although Alicia really wanted chocolate and peanut butter, she let it go way too easily to Kim who stepped out of the shower and won with a $240 bid. "Craziest auction ever," Probst said. "A half-naked woman in a towel now has chocolate and peanut butter."
- The moment Probst pulled out letters from home, Alicia bid all $500 and cried as she read the note, which was written by her father.
- Alicia's emotions got the best of Tarzan who was saving his cash to fix the shocks on his car back at home. He, too, bought his letter for $500.
- Kat spent $160 on a cake that she was forced to share with the entire tribe. They were given just 60 seconds to scarf it down.
The most interesting element of the auction came from Troy when Probst offered up for bids an advantage in the upcoming Immunity challenge. For somebody who is so frustrated to be alone in the game — and clearly the next to go — it made no sense to me that he didn't bid $500 right off the bat. Instead, he got into a bidding battle with Christina. Even though her tribemates were cheering her on to bid $500 to take it from her, she let Troy walk away with the item for $420. Neither person was playing with their brains here. If Christina truly wanted to vote with the block, she would have made sure there was no way Troy could get the advantage. And Troy, what the hell?!?! I was truly stunned watching you sit there and bid in $20 increments for the advantage. I really have no idea what you were thinking at that moment. Nor do I think any explanation will make any sense.
As you might expect, the women were frustrated with Christina for not outbidding Troy on the advantage, but that's not fair either since they had all selfishly pissed their money away on other items. Yes, that's the point of the auction, but to guilt-trip somebody over their decision to save their money is stupid. Christina was doing what she wanted with her money — just like everybody else who was bitching at her had done. While I think Christina's decision was stupid, I respect it. Chelsea, Kim and Sabrina could have saved their cash for that moment, but the hypocrites decided not to. Are those chips still worth $400, Sabrina?
The Hunt Is On!
Back at camp, Troy started hunting for the hidden Immunity Idol, which he suspected was re-hidden at camp since he played his at the previous Tribal Council. Kim saw what he was doing and told the rest of the group, which made Chelsea ask if there is even another Idol hidden. It's obvious that Chelsea and Kim aren't fans of the show because Idols are always re-hidden after somebody plays one. Derp.
Although he didn't find the Idol — which I think is miraculous considering they are found so easily — he faked it by tucking a piece of wrapped cloth into his pocket.
"This Is My Island!"
Troy's advantage from the auction automatically put him in the second round of the three-part Immunity challenge. "This is my island!" he shouted after advancing to the final round against Tarzan. "You can't beat me." His words brought a disgusted response from Chelsea who told him to "shut up."
In a nail-biter final round, Troy pulled off victory against Tarzan and proudly took possession of the Immunity necklace. After pounding his chest excitedly, he looked at his tribe and said, "Don't fu*k with me." Although the tribe was disgusted with the way he was boasting about his victory, Troy kept on talking. "I'm going to continue like that. I'm competitive. You guys are scared to death."
It's Simple Math… Except Maybe For Kat
Kim and Chelsea — the obvious masterminds this season — decided it would be best if they voted off Tarzan or Leif next. Meanwhile, Tarzan and Leif were talking about the likelihood that one of them would be the next to go. Duh! Of course one of you guys is the next target. Trying to work some last-minute magic, Troy hatched a plan that was absolutely spot on to get Kim out of the game. He wanted to get Alicia, Christina, Tarzan and Leif to vote on his side in a new alliance they could carry to the final five. This couldn't have been a better plan for Tarzan and Leif since each was obviously aware they were on the chopping block. It was also the perfect opportunity for Christina and Alicia to jump aboard and push the four powerful women out of the game.
At Tribal Council, Leif (sadly) was the only person who voted with Troy against Kim. Three of the other votes fell against Tarzan, but Leif was the person booted from the game with four votes. Oh well. Leif was a terrible player anyway. In fact, I think he gets the award for being the most worthless castaway this season. All he did was float along with no clear-cut strategy on how to play.
I wish Troy's plan would have worked out. Remember how amazing it was when Paschal and Neleh realized they were being played by a powerful alliance on Survivor: Marquesas and swapped sides? Instead, these players are followers who aren't in the game to win it. If they were, this was the perfect opportunity to control their fate a bit better.
What did you think of tonight's episode? Do you think the others should have joined forces with Troy to get Kim out? Don't you think it was dumb for Troy to not bid $500 immediately for the Immunity challenge advantage? If you were there, what auction item would have you salivating most? Who do you think is going to win the entire game? Sound off and leave a comment below!
Want more? Follow our tweets on Twitter and "like" us on Facebook! For other great Survivor: One World news, please feel free to check out SirLinksALot: Survivor: One World.
For more breaking news about celebrities and entertainment visit our sister site SheKnows.com!
Images courtesy of CBS.
Topics: CBS Reality TV Shows, Survivor |
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3 Responses to "Survivor: One World Recap — A Game Of Numbers"
Troy Says:
April 18th, 2012 at 8:54 pm
Troy getting the advantage brought me back to Guatemala when Danni won it in the auction and used it to win immunity when she needed it most and come from behind. But Troyzan will not be fortunate enough to get to the end with his attitude and demeanor towards everyone, it's tribal dynamics 101. If he's not careful, he'll pull a Russell Hantz and get shafted, GUARANTEED!
John D Says:
April 19th, 2012 at 12:45 pm
What will be interesting is when the three powerful women have to start turning on each other, and that day is coming sooner than later. There is no way that Kim will want Chelsea and Sabrina sitting there with her. My prediction for the final three is Sabrina, Kat and either Christina, Alicia or Tarzan.
Norman Says:
April 19th, 2012 at 7:04 pm
I think the men were done for long ago. The turning point was when they gave up team immunity in order to bow down to Colton's wishes. Voting Bill out that way was not only stupid, but reprehensible given Colton's racist reasons for wanting to do it. The men were like sheep and after that, I was solidly rooting for a woman to win this season. I don't have much sympathy for any of the guys because they put themselves in this position.


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אנחנו בפייסבוק
'Give me $150,000 and I will solve all your problems,' Ronel Fisher reportedly told head of Ashdod port union, offering to use his police connections to end port corruption probe.
Eli Senyor
Published: 07.06.14, 18:43 / Israel News
Eli Senyor
A top Israeli lawyer with strong connections in the police was arrested Thursday, moments after taking possession of a suitcase filled with $150,000 in bribes that he said would be used to bribe police officers. Details of the arrest emerged after a gag order on the case was lifted Sunday.
"Give me $150,000 and I will solve all your problems," Fisher allegedly told Hassan, the union boss at the center of his own corruption probe first revealed two months ago. When Hassan left the coffee house where he had Fisher, police swooped in to arrest the lawyer.


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Well, I finally started playing Candy Crush Saga on Facebook. I'm probably the last person on Earth to start playing it, I've realized. 🙂
It's fun. It's a lot like Bejeweled Blitz except that it's much slower (and nicer) and instead of time, you get a certain amount of moves. The strategy for Candy Crush Saga is very similar to Bejeweled Blitz. I think my Bejeweled Blitz book would help anyone who is trying to get a high score with Candy Crush Saga… definitely.
How to Get Better
One thing I like is that there are different levels. On each level, you're able to compete with your friends. You can stay at each level until you beat your friends and get to the top of the scoreboard. I think doing this will make you a better player going forward.
It's also good to score 3 stars on each level. In this regard, the game kind of reminds me of Angry Birds a little.
Your score is going to depend on a few things – well, two main things. First, it's going to depend on what kind of game board you get when the game starts. That's just random and some boards are going to be better than others. Second, once you get a good board, you're going to need to make the best possible moves in order to score high.
To score high, you're going to depend on power ups and cascades. With cascades, you do one match which causes other matches to happen. The taller the board and the lower you make matches, the better.
Sugar Crush… Divine!
This feature seems to happen when you leave some special candies on the board after completing your goal. They explode and wipe out more candy and more candy comes down onto the game board. It's kind of good to leave this on the board instead of using them during the game because it's extra moves you get at the end of the game. This seems to be how some of your friends are getting some high scores.
This makes sense because this game is all about moves. You only get a certain amount of moves (as compared to Bejeweled Blitz, where you get time), so how you use those moves is important as well as any way that you can get some extra moves… extra moves will drive your score up.
You're going to get to use any special candy that you create when the Sugar Crush happens, so I think the best strategy here is to save them. Use some during the game if you want as that will create cascades, too.
Play at the Bottom of the Board
As with Bejeweled, with Candy Crush Saga you want to play near the bottom of the board. You just have a better chance of things happening automatically if you do. This is especially true with game boards that have a lot of row (taller columns) versus with boards that are more horizontal but even with those types of boards (levels), playing near the bottom is going to help you get a high score.
The "V" Pattern
This is what I call the "V" pattern… it's when making one match matches 5 candies but on a right angle instead of in a row.
The Cross Pattern
I also like to watch for this cross pattern to appear. Move the candy that's kind of by itself (at the top of the cross) into the middle and you match 5 candies here, too.
Candy Crush FAQ
This is from the King FAQ Page:
- Matching four candies in a row or column creates a Striped Candy. Matching Striped Candy clears the entire row or column
- Matching five candies in the shape of a T or an L creates a Wrapped Candy. Matching a Wrapped Candy clears a 3 by 3 box of candies
- Matching five candies in a row creates a Color Bomb. Combining a Color Bomb with any candy of any color will clear all the candies of that color
- Matching a wrapped candy with a striped candy will create a giant super candy which clears multiple rows both up and across the board
More Tips
Here are some general tips that will help you:
- Always try to make matches of 4 or more pieces of candy – either 4 in a row or make 2 matches of 3, and so on.
- Play near the bottom of the board.
- It's good to save some special candies until the end of the game (Candy Crush)
- At the beginning of the game, work from the top of the board down so that moves you make at the top don't affect what they already gave you at the start of the game (free matches that are set up for you).
- Use the candy you get when you match 5 in a row (Color Bomb) as early as possible. This clears all the candy of that color from the game board and that increases the chance of you making more good matches since there's one less color on the board.
With any puzzle / strategy game, the more you play, the better you'll get at it. You do have time, so don't rush and make the best moves (and enjoy the music, too).
More Resources:
- Candy Crush Saga: Top 10 Tips You Need to Know (bbgsite.com)
Update – July 2013
Ok, I've been playing this game a while now and have some more advice and strategy for you. I'm up at level 80 now and the game has some pretty challenging levels.
- What took me probably way too long to figure out was that to make striped candy (matching 4 of them) going horizontally or vertically depends on how you make it. If you do a vertical move to match candy, then you get a vertical striped candy – or making a horizontal move to make the match of 4 gets you a horizontally striped candy.
- When you're life is full (5 lives), don't check your mail where your friends give you lives. Wait until your out. You can't have more than 5, so don't try to fill up your lives when it's already full.
- Again, playing at the bottom of the board is the best thing to do if you're stuck.
- If you have those chocolate candies invading, it seems that they take away your striped and special candy that you've made last. It'll still cover them up but they will be done last. You can maybe use this to your advantage to block an area for them not to invade.
- how to get highscore candy crush facebook


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Hold Dennis Nolan Accountable!
Incumbent State Senator Dennis Nolan has been caught on tape allegedly offering to bribe the parents of a rape victim in an effort to protect the man who was convicted in the case:
A Las Vegas woman said Thursday that state Sen. Dennis Nolan showed signs of "complete insanity" by offering her money if she would tell the truth about a rape involving her ex-husband and sister. (…)
In the message, he talks about making it "very financially beneficial" if Lawes would tell the truth about the 2008 court case in which her then-husband, Gordon Lawes, now 29, was convicted of raping her then 16-year-old sister. Gordon Lawes received a prison sentence of at least 10 years.
Nolan left the message himself on the Lewes family's answering machine. And, so there's no doubt about the content and context of that message, you can listen for yourself below:
|Launch in external player
Join us in demanding that Senator Dennis Nolan resign for taking this despicable action!
Dennis Nolan has disgraced his office, his state, and everyone who has ever been personally affected by domestic violence or sexual assault. I call on him to resign from office immediately.
This petition is no longer active.
1-25 of 213 signatures
Next ->
|Enter any specific comments ...
|Wed Jun 16 15:40:51 EDT 2010
|Wed Jun 16 14:07:29 EDT 2010
|Vicki Impoco
|Wed Jun 16 12:37:23 EDT 2010
|Wed Jun 16 10:39:50 EDT 2010
|Patricia Hughes
|Wed Jun 16 10:21:13 EDT 2010
|Christina Hughes
|Not only should you resign Senator, but you should spend a minimum of a week in a center that works with rape and domestic violence survivors to try and gain some insight into the traumatic nature of these More....
|Wed Jun 16 09:39:59 EDT 2010
|Amanda Tempel
|I agree. Rape is rape. Shame on you soon to be ex-senator!
|Tue Jun 15 15:29:04 EDT 2010
|Rape is rape. Shame on you soon to be ex-senator!
|Tue Jun 08 21:07:39 EDT 2010
|Tue Jun 08 15:56:29 EDT 2010
|Maneesh Pangasa
|Tue Jun 08 11:01:24 EDT 2010
|Melinda Manning
|Tue Jun 08 04:37:51 EDT 2010
|Seth Matthews
|203 -->202Her sexual activity or promiscuity is irrelevant. She could have sex with 34 people 8 times a day and if she did not wish to have sex with the rapist, it would still be rape. This is simply sickening.
|Mon Jun 07 20:42:08 EDT 2010
|Jessica Powell
|Mon Jun 07 19:58:32 EDT 2010
|Chuck Coronella
|Mon Jun 07 19:01:30 EDT 2010
|Mr E
|Way to go senator!!! Keep up the good work. You make me proud to be an american!!!
|Mon Jun 07 17:13:07 EDT 2010
|Rebecca Clark
|This is a downright disgusting display of not only sexism but a disgusting lack of humanity. Frankly stuff like this should be punished by jail time.
|Mon Jun 07 16:35:38 EDT 2010
|What a sick and disgusting piece of filth you are, Nolan, and you claim to be a "christian"? His district needs to be aware of what a pig this dude is. He needs to be exposed for the filth he is and resign, More....
|Mon Jun 07 14:47:45 EDT 2010
|Peter Cohen
|Mon Jun 07 14:44:31 EDT 2010
|Jean Hodgins
|Shame on you Senator!
|Mon Jun 07 14:42:51 EDT 2010
|Claudia Arregoces
|Disgusting. Get this rat bastard out of office and into jail NOW.
|Mon Jun 07 14:33:46 EDT 2010
|Sean Signore
|Mon Jun 07 13:50:37 EDT 2010
|Davis Carol
|Sounds like a Republican. Get him out of office and don't let him back in. Isn't this prosecutable? Witness tampering?
|Mon Jun 07 13:15:47 EDT 2010
|Katherine Brechtel
|Mon Jun 07 13:02:43 EDT 2010
|Rachel Maley
|Mon Jun 07 12:48:45 EDT 2010
|Diane Arceneaux
|Mon Jun 07 12:21:28 EDT 2010
|Frank Palmer
|"Rape" means that the specific sexual act ws non-consensual. IT isn't abviated because others of teh same age group have engaged in consensual sexual activity.


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The last session of the day on the last day of SES London was on Social Media in the Marketing Mix with Kristjan Hauksson of Nordic eMarketing in Iceland and Mel Carson of Microsoft in London.
Kristjan started things off: What happens when a volcano goes wrong? He recounted the situation last year when Eyjafjallajokul erupted (say that 3 times fast – I dare you) and so much ash spread into the atmosphere that hundreds of planes were grounded from flying. This, you can imagine, had a dulling effect on Icelandic tourism. Iceland regularly has more tourists than there are people who live there.
Understand that everything we do in broadcast and digital needs to take advantage of all channels available.


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jimmy choo
This Week in Fashion: Simply Chic Launches Online Designer Consignment Shop
Earlier this week, the Chanel-obsessed Marina consignment shop, Simply Chic, launched an online shop offering gently used designer bags and accessories. The select luxury goods are all in good-to-mint condition, and each piece is curated by the owner, May Warren. We took a browse through the constantly growing vintage-to-contemporary collection, and found everything from Lanvin pumps and Hermes watches, to Marni handbags. Take a peek our top picks (above).
SF Weighs In On Fall's Shearling Hype
Designers like Burberry and Phillip Lim showed off copious amounts of shearling for Fall and like a self-proclaimed fashion fiend, I was to ready to commit myself — and my wallet — to a magnificent shearling collared jacket by Helmut Lang, seen above. However, right before the salesperson swiped my card, the BFF stepped in and asked me, "Do you really want to get that jacket? It never gets that cold here". Hmm . . . she brought up a good point. So now I pose the question, do SF and shearling really go together?
Link Love: Wax Ecstatic, Hobo Chic and Rodarte Film Endeavor
Daily reads from our feeds …
Kate Moss gets a wax makeover for London Fashion Week. Come mid-September, Madame Tussauds UK will debut the statue's new short haircut and gold evening gown. (via Vogue UK)
Nitro:licious gives us a quick preview of Jimmy Choo's over-the-knee boot for H&M. We're willing to fork over the $345 for this super sexy look.
Link Love: Shoe Wedgies, Jimmy Choo H&M Preview and Tickets to the Gun Show
Good reads from our feeds...
Hey, did you get your tickets? The Tobi blog works on selling tickets to the summer gun show in a recent post about the current dudes-in-tank-tops trend. The disturbing byproduct of this trend? Unsolicited armpit hair sightings outside of trips to the beach or your weird uncle's house. Ew.


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Muhammad Ejaz Chaudhry
Federal Secretary, (BS-22) MPNR 26-04-2011 to continue
Mr. Muhammad Ejaz Chaudhry, Federal Secretary, Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Resources is a career civil servant. Born on October 08, 1955. He acquired his studies in Science. After doing his Master in Psychology from Government College, Lahore in 1978 (1st Class), he joined civil service of Pakistan in District Management Group in the Year 1980 (8th CTP).
He has a vast experience of Public Administration in the Provinces of Sindh, Punjab and Federal Government. He has served as Assistant Commissioner Larkana, Jakobabad and Liaquatabad, Karachi (1981-86). He was Deputy Commissioner Thatta (1988-89), Karachi Central (1989-90) and Nawabshah (1990-93). He was transferred to Punjab in 1993 and served as Additional Secretary Home, (1994 – 96), Director Labour (1996 – 98), Registrar Cooperatives Punjab (1998 – 2002), DCO Multan (2003 – 05), Joint Secretary, Ministry of Education (2005 – 2006), Director General National Institute of Public Administration, Lahore (2007 September, 2008), Additional Secretary, Ministry of Petroleum & Natural Resources (2008 to November, 10), Federal Secretary, Ministry of Privatisation (November, 2010 to April, 2011).
He has acquired training at Civil Services Academy, Harvard University, USA, University of Dundee U.K., University of Mcgill, Canada, Civil Service College Singapore, Administrative Staff College, Lahore and National Defence University, Islamabad.
Being Federal Secretary Petroleum & Natural resources he is looking after the work relating to upstream and downstream oil gas and mineral sectors. LPG, CNG and import of LNG is also under the Ministry of Petroleum & Natural Resources as well as Iran-Pakistan and Turkmenistan-Afghanistan-Pakistan-India gas imports projects.


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(0) items
Edition: 8th
Author(s): Podolefsky, Aaron; Brown, Peter; Lacy, Scott
ISBN: 9780073405339 / Paperback / 10/28/2008
Marketplace Disclaimer:
Edition, Cover Design, etc may vary from the eCampus.com description. Please refer to the seller's comments before ordering. Marketplace sellers are required to ship by the end of the 5th business day. Items are not returnable to eCampus.com. Orders cannot be cancelled by eCampus.com.


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Map Making is the process of creating a map of an area, be it tactical or larger scale. It encompasses everything from creating a world map to the map of a dungeon corridor.
1k views
How do I balance detailed encounter maps with not wanting to give away my dungeon layout?
I'm in the process of designing a Megadungeon, and it seems like people run large dungeons like this using the theater of the mind to avoid giving the layout away and allow players to explore, get ...
644 views
What collaborative mapping software would meet my needs?
Background I am the head of plot for a boffer LARP that runs monthly. A given game has anywhere from 10 to 50 players. We have around 5 people that run plot. I need the entire plot team to be able to ...
2k views
Where can I find cartography icons for game maps?
I am looking for icons to represent cities, villages and other places, something like the ones that come with AutoREALM, but which can be used in my mapping tool of choice (GIMP in this case). Is ...
148 views
How large should the Large Sheet of Paper be?
I always get one that's too big. We play with 3-5 people and don't want to spend more than two and a half hours straight drawing landscape at the absolute longest. What size paper would be best?


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WESLEY CHAPEL — Pasco County developer Gordie Zimmermann went for a power play Thursday, unveiling the design for Florida's largest ice skating facility and announcing plans for a 120-room hotel adjacent to the massive rink.
Flanked by youth hockey players and his high school classmate, former Tampa Bay Lightning Stanley Cup-winning captain Dave Andreychuk, Zimmermann said the $20 million Cypress Creek Ice & Sports Complex could open as early as 2015.
"We're already getting calls from people wanting to book tournaments," Zimmermann said. "They want the ice this fall."
At 150,500 square feet, the complex would have four full-sized rinks, including one Olympic-sized hockey rink and two mini-rinks. The building would have one multipurpose pad, so it could be used for indoor sports like tennis, basketball, lacrosse or events like dog shows, job seminars, conventions or even high school graduations.
But make no mistake, Zimmermann said the main purpose of the facility is ice.
"The figure skating community is going to love this facility," Zimmermann said. "With the international rink, we can do Olympic training for hockey. We'll be able to do whatever we like there. We might even get some NHL teams practicing there."
The building will feature multiple locker room facilities, and it will have a second-floor restaurant with nearly 500 seats. "It will be perfect for USF games," Zimmermann said. The university's team already has expressed an interest in making Cypress Creek its home ice, he said.
Zimmermann and partner George Mitchell closed Thursday morning on the 13-acre site at the Interstate 75/State Road 56 interchange for $2.6 million. They have a contract on the adjoining 3-acre site for the 5-story hotel project.
Commission Chairman Jack Mariano said the facility will provide recreational ice for local skaters and will attract competitors from all over the world.
"Two rinks would have been great. Three rinks would have been phenomenal," he said. "But with four rinks and everything else you're putting in here — everybody in the world is going to want to come here to play."


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Rare Book Monthly
Gilding the Lilly Revisited: <i>New book a market-maker for US decorative bindings</i>
Older esthetic combined with writer of lasting value
While many of the books Minsky shows have texts that probably won't ever find an audience again, others are very nice combinations of the older binding esthetic with an author of lasting value. One example, Shadowings by Lafcadio Hearn (Minsky 13), is a good example. Here the text by an American author writing about things Japanese is bound in a beautiful dark blue cloth overprinted in black showing water lilies in an Asian style. The whole effect with its glimmers of twilight is gilt stamped in a wrap around design. It's stunning to put it mildly.
An equally appealing combination of subject and interpretive binding is the 1913 edition of the Jungle Book by Kipling, illustrated by M&E Detmold, published by the Century Company with binding design by Frank Hazenplug which Minsky terms "a remarkable design in which the gold seems to light up the forest, like sunlight filtering through the trees" (Minsky 30). He also shows many examples of effective use of silhouettes and bold patterning, as well as numerous floral inspired motifs and designs from nature done as all over patterns.
One particularly nice set of illustrations groups books by Margaret Armstrong, one of the most talented and best known designers of the period. She created a series of covers for a dozen books by Henry Van Dyke published between 1901 and 1926. All the covers are beautiful, inventive and different, yet clearly the work of the same gifted imagination.
Bitten by the decorative binding bug
If AE readers are anything like this writer, the first step will be to read the book and enjoy the variety and insights presented by the author. But don't be surprised if the very next instant you are browsing the auction records and different book bases looking for inexpensive copies of some of the beauties, hoping to get a bargain for your own collection.
There's a general bibliography at the end. For those who want to read more, the author recommends Allen and Gullans, Decorated Cloth in America as a good general introduction adding, "My suggestion for anyone starting out is go with your gut. If you love looking at it, get it. It will give you pleasure."
Additional Links
Here are a few interesting links related to Minsky and period American bindings.
Interview with Minsky aimed at art students and prospective book artists - link.
Here's a stunning website displaying thousands of photos of the work of Philadelphia publisher Henry Altemus. This firm was a leader in the field of decorative bindings and also produced many series books. This great reference site is a labor of love by Texas collector Cary Sternick - link.
Publishers Bindings online at the University of Alabama Library - link. Click the link for Publisher's Bindings on the right hand side under "Find."
Writer Susan Halas welcomes your comments: she can be reached at email@example.com


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Home > News Releases > News 2009
The first-in-class National Security Cutter (NSC), CGC Bertholf (WMSL 750), recently conducted its first successful narcotics trafficking interdiction. On Wednesday, July 8, approximately 80 miles off the Guatemalan coast, Bertholf's crew intercepted two drug smuggling boats, seized their narcotics cargo, and detained four suspected smugglers.
The interdiction exemplified the NSC's advanced surveillance, communication, and interdiction capabilities. Alerted by a maritime patrol aircraft of the suspected smugglers, Bertholf's crew dispatched an MH-65C Multi-mission Cutter Helicopter, enhanced by increased capability for Airborne Use of Force operations with weapons, sensors and advanced communications, to intercept the targets.
After observing the fleeing speedboats jettison contraband, the MH-65C marksman used a .50-calaber precision rifle to disable the engines of two speedboats and fired warning shots from a M240B 7.62mm medium machine gun at two other suspect speedboats. Bertholf's multiple cutter boats completed the interception of the two damaged vessels, detained the suspects, and recovered a bale of cocaine for evidence.
The incident demonstrated the capabilities the NSC brings to the Coast Guard fleet. In contrast with legacy cutters, the 418-foot Legend-class cutters feature increased range and endurance (60–90 day patrol cycles); better sea keeping and higher transit speeds; multiple small boats; more powerful armament (57mm medium caliber deck gun and a 20mm Close-In Weapon System); a large flight deck and dual hangars for helicopters and unmanned aerial vehicles; chemical, biological and radiological environmental hazard detection and defense; and improved Command, Control, Communications, Computers, Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance (C4ISR) equipment.
The second NSC, Waesche (WMSL 751), is approximately 90 percent complete, the third NSC, Stratton (WMSL 752) is approximately 20 percent complete, and the Coast Guard has procured long lead time material for the fourth NSC, Hamilton (WMSL 753). When complete, the Legend-class will be comprised of eight National Security Cutters, which all bring new levels of capability to the fleet.
For more information: National Security Cutter project page


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The Skinny on Seeing
Posted 25 April 2013 - 01:04 PM
So, how does one reconcile seeing favoring smaller apertures (pleasing views) and higher resolution of larger apertures? Does seeing really affect larger apertures so adversely? Okay, so stars do seem to bloat, disperse into speckle patterns, magnitude might even be a factor, and waver in some seeing conditions using some apertures. Understanding the Fried parameter, R0, and aperture is not so difficult, per se, but how does it change over given aperture ranges, obstructed or otherwise, and across varying seeing conditions? When R0 is smaller than aperture, the atmosphere determines resolution? I know what that means, but what does it mean at the eyepiece of a 10" reflector? Is all lost even in average seeing because the atmosphere essentially limits resolution to 6" or aperture averaging those wonderful steady moments?
I'm curious because I'm trying to understand the wonderful tropical seeing patterns that seem to fit my 6" aperture so nicely. According to the Pickering scale, diffraction patterns are almost always 8/10 or better. There are moments of image blurring, yet steady moments are very frequent. And, sometimes the image seems to jump around within a few arc seconds. The latter effect can be troublesome observing doubles. And I suspect that same seeing might be evaluated differently, probably, using a different apertures. Is 8/10 for a 6" aperture really 5/10 for a 10" aperture?
Okay, so how does all this come together? Don't be afraid to use MTF (LOL) or PSF, and even some lite math if you feel it applies. Thanks. (Is there a sticky thread somewhere on CN I have not found, yet?)
Posted 25 April 2013 - 09:57 PM
First, the best one, is when the diffraction pattern is more or less visible, as in the Pickering scale but the centre point of the pattern is stationary. i.e. there is no movement of the star in RA or Dec. There may be movement of the rings and 'hair' around the pattern but it is stationary.
The second category still shows the diffraction pattern but the image 'dances' around in RA and Dec. There may be good looks at the rings but the movement makes close splits of double hard to get. It is as if someone was slightly jiggling the telescope if I may describe it that way. The center of the pattern does not remain stationary.
The third category is scintillation where the diffraction pattern breaks into 'speckles' and blooms out to (sometimes) alarming multiples of the telescope's resolving power. Under these conditions scope diameter becomes a significant factor, at least more so than the other two. Smaller scopes may not be able to resolve the speckles and show a more 'stable' image.
These categories do not have hard and fast boundaries and can change on many different time scales. I wonder how each is caused..... I would not want to have to put empirical 'rules' on these three situations. It would be a difficult task....
Posted 25 April 2013 - 10:09 PM
Posted 26 April 2013 - 12:30 AM
During moments of stillness, and they do occur, even during bad seeing, the larger aperture will catch fleeting glimpses of greater resolution than the smaller scope.
During moments of poor seeing, the larger scope will have reduced resolution, but not to a point worse than the small scope.
So what is is that is preferable about the small scope, to some?
It is probably that the variation in the seeing is not revealed to as great a degree, and the constancy of the seeing is apparently less annoying than having the seeing seem to go from horrible to decent and back to horrible again.
Posted 26 April 2013 - 03:48 AM
I'm curious because I'm trying to understand the wonderful tropical seeing patterns that seem to fit my 6" aperture so nicely.
My thinking:
It if it is really that wonderful (and hopefully it is), it should fit a 12.5 inch that was cooled down and collimated even more nicely. The analysis says that for viewing the planets, it takes pretty poor seeing for a 6 inch to be optimal.
Regardless of fans and shrouds and various attempts to control thermal issues, I do think most larger scopes are not fully thermally equilibrated.
Posted 26 April 2013 - 07:58 AM
... seeing favors smaller apertures... Does seeing really affect larger apertures so adversely?
I have never heard a convincing argument or explanation in regards to smaller scopes being less affected by seeing. I don't believe it to be true.
I frequently hear that some telescope "cuts through the seeing" because of it's quality or aperture. Someone convince me.
Posted 26 April 2013 - 08:15 AM
Such nights are beautiful.
Don, I guess that preference for "pleasing" views and fleeting moments of higher resolution is kind of what spurred this interest. My 6" is often "pleasing" (with the other 2 C's well controlled), and it seems to be putting up everything a 6" can offer...which is quite a bit and putting up full resolution, as well. I do sometimes wonder if a larger aperture would fare as well under those same conditions.
As you said:
During moments of poor seeing, the larger scope will have reduced resolution, but not to a point worse than the small scope.
We've all seen those speckle patterns and bloated stars, but what approximate aperture is effectively in use as the Airy pattern bloats with seeing and shrinks with aperture. That empirical 'thing' might be approximated on average. Does a 12" with it's tiny Airy pattern bloat so much during some seeing conditions that it's essentially useless for moderately to hi res observing? Or does the shrinking Airy pattern keep it competitive in, say, 6/10 Pickering?
Does it really take some *BLEEP* poor seeing (Pickering <6 or 5/10) to bloat those star images enough so the image begins to speckle so badly as to be "displeasing" as well as ruining resolution? And if so, to what extent would a smaller aperture with it's already diminished resolution be likewise affected under those same conditions? From what I've read, and in line with what Dave said above, it seems the Airy pattern breaks down into a Speckle pattern at about Pickering 3 or 4/10. That's probably the death nail for higher res viewing (on average.) Would someone still get a pleasing view in a 6" scope when the larger aperture's Airy pattern disinigrated at that level of seeing?
It if it is really that wonderful (and hopefully it is), it should fit a 12.5 inch that was cooled down and collimated even more nicely.
Makes some sense, but stars here do seem to twinkle pretty well (something is playing with the light path to my 5mm pupil.) It kind of goes against that old addage of good seeing when the stars are not twinkling much. That is another aspect if the seeing question, why do they twinkle as if seeing is terrible yet when a 6" aperture is applied the patterns are rock steady and Jupiter puts up her best views. Mars and Saturn and the moon, too, pushing higher power.
...it takes pretty poor seeing for a 6 inch to be <less than?> optimal.
Seeing is influenced by tube currents, too. It's all air density churning in the light path, so tube currents need to be minimized. Maybe that's the defining point, though, as tube currents can be controlled to some extent whereas seeing really cannot (except by picking an efficient location.)
Anyway, I realize my thoughts are not coherent, yet, while putting this all together. I am familiar with seeing, just would like to understand it's application at different apertures from eye ball twinkling, to 6" pleasing and rock steady Airy patterns, to total disintigration of the Airy pattern in a 12", for example. If you're 12" is in average seeing, would it still be worth keeping outside getting 8" views of plantets (on average when those fleeting moments are very far apart?)
Posted 26 April 2013 - 08:19 AM
Someone convince me.
Me too. While I understand the ideas behind it, and might even be experiencing it in the real world proverbial "field," I'm curious to know the dynamics between "pleasing" views and high resolution. I mean, is my 6" under what appears to be excellent seeing conditions really beating the *BLEEP* out of a 10" under average seeing conditions somewhere else? I dont think so, but...is it? LOL I might agree it's more pleasing, but is it resolving better?
Seems the seeing really breaks down when the speckle pattern rears it's ugly head at about Pickering 3 or 4/10. Here the seeing D/R0 has a ratio of about 3, which means the seeing cells are about 4" across (D=12"/R0=4" = 3.) So, what angular diameter are the Airy patterns in a 12" at this level of seeing...where 4" seeing cells pretty much match a 4" aperture which /should be/ experiencing nearly perfect seeing? In theory...in reality?
Posted 26 April 2013 - 10:44 AM
1) Small refractors usually beat small reflectors. I don't believe this is primarily due to the reflector vs. refractor debates but most often because the small reflectors are of poor optical quality (and made to a very cheap price) and poorly collimated, while small refractors are usually of high optical quality (where I observe, likely to be triplet apos), and good optics beat poor optics.
2) Reflectors of 10" and larger nearly always show more details on planets and resolve closer double stars, even in poor seeing. I say nearly always because the average 10" reflector is an inexpensive instrument while the average 7" refractor is likely to be an AstroPhysics where I observe, and there the optical quality will usually win.
3) Even at this late a date, most reflector owners are totally unaware of the thermal problems in their own scopes. I measure temperature differentials, mirror-to-air, of 15 degrees or more on a lot of scopes, and you simply can't expect the "local seeing" (i.e. in the scope) to allow the image to be good.
4) properly cooled and collimated, I ALWAYS see more planetary details in the big scopes, whatever the seeing. I've seen details on Jupiter in some optimized 12.5" scopes that a nearby 9" refractor could not see. And one image of Jupiter in a 28" was the closest thing I've see to a Hubble picture in a visual instrument. The really big difference between large scopes and small scopes is the color in the image. You would need an artist's palette to begin to depict the huge range of colors visible with larger apertures. Jupiter has corals, ochers, whites, grays, greens, blues, yellows, beiges, sages, salmons, blacks, reds, pinks, and a ton of other pale tints that are simply not seen in small apertures.
5) Sirius B is easy to see in a good 4" apo (and possibly smaller), but hard in most 10-12" reflectors. The reasons are multiple: thermal issues, optical quality, light scatter, poor collimation, dirty optics, etc.
But, cooled, collimated, and cleaned, a 10" reflector sees it just fine, even at f/4.5.
So, in retrospect, the issues I see with reflectors aren't due to secondary obstruction, or even seeing problems in the atmosphere. The bigger aperture always does better at "cutting through seeing" than the small aperture. The main problems are poor attention to thermal issues, collimation, cleanliness and light scatter suppression, and something that is often the "luck of the draw"--optical quality.
It makes sense, really. The typical 4' apo is what, $4000? What does the image look like in a 10" $4000 newtonian? Pretty good, I'd say, handily beating the 6" apo. (I've seen one or two over 35 years)
But is it fair to compare a normal $500 10" reflector with a $10,000 6" apo? Probably not. That so many of those 10" scopes give the 6" apo a run for the money says that aperture is a big thing, but it only gets you so far.
In the real world, then, where things are as they are, if my choice were between a 5" reflector or an inexpensive 4" achromatic refractor, I'd pick the reflector to avoid chromatic aberration (my old 4" f/15 Unitron was a great scope, but who builds f/15 refractors any more?). And I would read up on optimizing that reflector by cooling it, collimating it, cleaning it, and optimizing the suppression of light scatter.
But if the choice were between a 12.5" f/5 newtonian and a 4" apo (comparing scopes at roughly the same prices), is there really a contest? I own both, but the images in the 12.5" are simply better, in all seeing conditions, than the 4" apo.
The 4" apo gives "pleasing" views of the planets, and stupendous, almost-pictorial, views of the Moon. But the 12.5" on the same targets makes it seem like the 4" apo is viewing the universe through "fuzzy glasses". Even when the seeing is really bad. True, in the 4", the image is dancing around, but staying in focus, while in the 12.5", the image is more stationary but going in and out of focus more. But the 12.5" still sees more, even at the same magnification. The resolution difference is too big a hurdle for the 4" to cross.
Posted 26 April 2013 - 01:12 PM
Sirius B is easy to see in a good 4" apo (and possibly smaller), but hard in most 10-12" reflectors. The reasons are multiple: thermal issues, optical quality, light scatter, poor collimation, dirty optics, etc.
A significant part of the reason Sirius B is often harder to see in a 10"-12" reflector is the frustrating tendency of Sirius B to be problematically near one of the diffraction spikes. Higher magnifications in reflectors are often needed as much or more to create enough separation of Sirius B from diffraction spikes than to resolve it or split it from Sirius A itself.
Posted 26 April 2013 - 01:21 PM
I don't believe this is primarily due to the reflector vs. refractor debates but most often because the small reflectors are of poor optical quality...
You mean, MTF? LOL - (which I am a fan of, btw...a tool for what it's worth.) Makes sense, a good quality scope should put up a noticeably better image than a poorer quality scope at roughly the same aperture, especially when induced aberrations such as seeing are favorable. This is my experience with a descent Strehl, diffraction limited peak intensity, and 8/10 seeing regularly.
..p.roperly cooled and collimated, I ALWAYS see more planetary details in the big scopes, whatever the seeing. I've seen details on Jupiter in some optimized 12.5" scopes that a nearby 9" refractor could not see.
Cooling and collimation always come up and seem to be attached to reflectors (and the venerable CAT) almost as if they are intrinsic to the design. So, I agree through experience, when those aberrations (including focus) are optimal...and in good seeing...scopes tend to perform as advertised. "Textbook."
Sirius B is easy to see in a good 4" apo (and possibly smaller), but hard in most 10-12" reflectors.
Its interesting you bring that up. It does seem for some deltaM and separations, an obstructed scope does struggle with unequal pairs. It might be interesting to "crunch the numbers" on Sirius and the pup and how seeing might affect their resolution. I have yet to resolve the pair, yet folks state they've done so in 4" scopes. Sirius is bright and we've all seen it's jumbled speckle patterns low on the horizon. In a 10", it should be a very bright glowing mess...and is at times. Yet, a 10" should be able to do it. I wonder if seeing induced "blobs" prevent it sometime.
The bigger aperture always does better at "cutting through seeing" than the small aperture. The main problems are poor attention to thermal issues, collimation, cleanliness and light scatter suppression, and something that is often the "luck of the draw"--optical quality.
That's what I am studying and finding /should/ be the case, given reasonable Strehl or diffraction limited at least in all samples holding seeing constant between both. I am tempted to do another in a long line "comparison" threads, but trying to avoid it as much as possible and just look at affects of seeing across apertures. Inevitably there will be comparisons, testimonials, and the like...that's understandable. But I hope the focus as this thread develops stays on the affects of seeing (and vs "pleasing" if needed.)
I am still looking for footing on this topic, but I cannot escape the idea seeing is so important we might like to understand such things. Having found myself retired under some very nice skies, it's become interesting to dive into it. To understand it.
Thank you for chiming in, mulling over your comments.
I am almost ready to toss out some math, some theory. Some folks hate theory because it is cold, hard, impartial, and probably doesn't exist in the real world. Seeing is the real world, though. Even though the models are simplistic, you can make them as complex as you wish and they will still "apply" across apertures and designs. Plus, theory is derived from observations and measurements of this very real world "thing" that hampers all who live in the atmosphere. Some prety smart folks dug this stuff up. So, while it's simple and might not accurately reflect someone's real world experience, it really does put the topic on footing we can discuss objectively, whether it "pleases" everyone or not.
Posted 26 April 2013 - 01:53 PM
What did impress me, though, was the improvement in contrast. The much lower light scatter has made some very low contrast galaxy features more visible than they were in my previous scope. For example, the small spikes that stick out of M82 in directions perpendicular to the line of the galaxy, or the faint "fingers" that stick out from the companion of M51, or the outer arms of M81, or the bends at the end of UGC3697. All of these were more easily seen with the Zambuto mirror, despite the fact it has "standard" coatings, where my previous scope had "enhanced" coatings.
I made the comment, years ago, that I was amazed how much the seeing had improved when I learned to collimate well (Catseye tools). I can say the same thing about the Zambuto. I seem to be running into above average or exceptional seeing a lot more of the time. Part of that is simply cooling of the (much) thinner mirror (I start out the night, now, with the mirror AT the ambient temperature). But part of it is the suppression of light scatter from the mirror's surface.
Ironically, improved contrast also comes with a price. Diffraction spikes on stars are all much longer now because the exceedingly faint outer lengths are visible against the darker background and because the light of the spikes is not scattered. I can focus using the spikes if the star disks are a little soft. The wave pattern in the brightness and color of the spikes is also more evident.
To be more specific in my implications, I think a lot of the seeing problems people experience aren't seeing problems at all. When you observe, as I often do, in a field with a lot of other scopes and you can see that one scope seems to be experiencing poor seeing when one right beside it in the field is not, then you know it isn't really seeing at all.
Posted 26 April 2013 - 02:27 PM
Dave Mitsky
Posted 26 April 2013 - 02:45 PM
I've always been attentive to collimation, but thermals were not as easy to deal with. The 6" MCT I have now is well cooled and collimated. Tending to that does seem to make focuing easier and with dead calm diffraction 'perfect' collimation is a breeze (pun intended.) So, maybe part of the jaw dropping experience is factors other than seeing, too.
However, I can tell when seeing is very good because neither Jupiter nor the moon waver or boil and I can count out to five rings on the brightest stars. The central disc is clearly visible and the rings are not a blurry mess. Diffraction patterns roll and the rings blur, sometimes even speckling badly. When it's not so good, Jupiter can be soft while the limb wavers a bit or worst case simply a blur with two dark bands. Other times, the object will shudder rapidly then calm down.
But, with such good seeing, and all other C's controlled, those wow moments are very common - more so than uncommon. So, yea, all those factors have to be minimal to get those esquisit views allowing a 6" (at least) to strut her stuff.
So, is this a result of seeing favoring small aperture? Dunno...seems, as Jon might have been pointing out above, a 12" would rock under those same conditions, too, and despite the naked eye twinkling warning of terrible seeing above.
Posted 26 April 2013 - 03:49 PM
At this point, Pickering 3/10, the speckle pattern is "about the same diameter of the third diffraction ring." (Quoting Vlad mentioning a 5" refractor and assuming the same for a 12".) The radius of the third ring is 419/Dmm in arc seconds. So, the diameter of the seeing induced diffraction in 3/10 seeing spans 6.6" arc for a 5" scope. Using the same 419/dmm, the diameter of the third ring for a 12" scope is ~3" arc, nearly half the diameter of the same seeing in a 5".
However, D=5"/R0=4" = 1.25, which equates to 7/10 seeing in a 5" scope. Under those conditions, the speckle pattern does not exist and the Airy pattern is pretty well formed. The first ring raduis in a 5" is 184/Dmm ~ 1.5" arc, or about 3" arc in diameter.
The result seems to be, if the math is correct, both a 12" scope and a 5" scope - accounting for a smaller Airy pattern with aperture - put up the same angular size Airy pattern (both at 3" diameter) despite the 12" showing some speckle pattern(3/10 seeing due to severe roughness) while the 5" remained at 7/10 Pickering (with 4" 'seeing cells.') That appears to be basically the same resolution (on average, not counting those moments of better seeing) in both apertures under the SAME conditions (4" 'seeing cells' flying over each aperture.)
Is that right? Hmmm...still thinking and throwing that out there for discussion. Its part of the learnig process.
Posted 26 April 2013 - 04:22 PM
I did a cursory reading of your post, but wish to point out that, in 3" seeing, the seeing is not always 3". It varies over a range. The seeing conditions typically refer to the maximum photographic resolution, which is why the tall mountaintop observatories are usually limited to 1" seeing, despite their vastly superior resolutions.
Visually, though, we are not so limited. We may see resolution go from 0.2" to 2" in 1" seeing. The fluctuations can sometimes be severe.
Without changing magnification, I have gone from seeing sharply delineated white swirls within Jupiter's GRS to barely being able to tell the GRS is on the side of the planet I'm looking at a few seconds later and then back to the first situation a few minutes later. What was the seeing that night? Poor, or spectacular? The answer is Yes.
So, whereas it is possible that seeing conditions, on average, might show that the larger scope is seeing limited to the same level as the smaller scope, they are never so constrained over a period of time. And when the seeing drops to, say, 0.4", the resolution of the 5" will still be around a second, while the 12.5" will see much much more.
I have tried, to drive the point home, to evaluate my seeing, on the Pickering Scale, at my home, using a high enough power that seeing is definitely affecting the image quality. I have seen, at that site, seeing so bad my 5" Maksutov could not resolve Albireo (34" !!!) and I have seen seeing so good the Mak was resolving the dark intrusion into the Polar Ice cap on Mars at 328X (over 65X/inch). Now I will admit that that swing did not occur on the same night, or in the same hour. But I have seen times when epsilon Lyrae was easily resolved at 96X and a few minutes later not resolvable at all, at any power. And that separation should be a cinch for a 5". The seeing was a lot better than 2" one minute and worse than 6" a minute later. The Pickering Scale variation would be considered to be severe over the span of moments.
The weatherman Todd Gross wrote a few articles on maximizing seeing for CN a couple years ago, and they're still worth reading:
We CAN take steps to improve our seeing conditions, even if it's just keeping an eye on the weather forecasts.
Yes, it is definitely possible the larger scope may not see seeing any better than the small scope some of the time, in some places, under some conditions.
But it is also true that the larger scope will see seeing better than the small scope some of the time, in some places, under some conditions.
In my estimation, that says the larger scope is not only superior to the small scope from the standpoint of maximum resolution, but also in the seeing conditions experienced some of the time.
And since good seeing does occur, that makes the larger scope superior to the small scope, at least with those considerations.
There may be reasons to prefer the small scope: portability, maximum field of view, suitability for photography, daytime use, etc. But at least seeing conditions and maximum resolution are not two of them.
IMO, of course.
Posted 26 April 2013 - 06:02 PM
My hunch is that figure quality (again, at least among refractors) is even more important than focal ratio in allowing an optic to beat the seeing.
I'll follow this thread with interest.
- Jim
Posted 26 April 2013 - 08:22 PM
Ya, a cursury glance at the math can be confusing. It's still kind of rough figuring what they are saying - in theory.
Jim, the site I am reading talks about corrections to various aberrations in terms of RMS and Strehl. I haven't begun to sort that just yet, even in aggregate (which seems the easiest.) Here's the site (Strehl, page forward a couple times.)
Often I've wondered, and believe is true, a scope with a better Strehl (or even peak intensity) can handle seeing a little better. Since seeing is an aberration, a marginal scope will drop below difraction limited - adding total RMS - more quicky than one that has some spare margin for error - well corrected, low RMS, in other words. But, I have not read that anywhere.
Focal ration? Hmmm...okay, I'd like to know more about that, too. Could it be related to the linear size of the diffraction pattern, larger at longer focal lengths? Easier to see?
Don! "...and I have seen seeing so good the Mak was resolving the dark intrusion into the Polar Ice cap on Mars at 328X (over 65X/inch)." Oh, yes!! I have seen and sketched that, too! Six-inch MCT, about the same mag/inch. Beautiful, huh?! (Still reading your comment.)
I suspect you're correct, a small scope can match a larger scope, but very infrequently. Maybe as infrequently as a larger scope excells when seeing calms down. So, on average...what can we expect? Does it warrant folks saying, "hey, my 4" stomped other 12" scopes that night?"
Seeing is so varied a topic, it's probably hard to say much that wont be refuted by this or that condition. That's why I was sticking to averages with the understanding it get's better sometime. It gets better and stays better as seeing improves, say both larger and smaller apertures operating in 8/10 seeing. Here, aperture rules (provided reasonable Strehl and the 3 C's are held or assumed constant.)
Another interesting thing that might play a role is Pickering devised his scale using a 5" refractor. That means the scale is determined using homogenous seeing cells of about 5" or less in diameter. In a 5". D=5"/R0=5" = 1. That translates into 8/10 Pickering. Those same seeing cells translate into lesser seeing on the Pickering scale for larger apertures. A 5" seeing cell might bring a 10" scope to D/R0 = 10"/5" = 2, or something closer to 5/10 seeing. So, it's almost required to state the aperture when defining seeing. It's not the same Pickering scale in different apertures.
Thanks, Don, let me read your link.
Posted 26 April 2013 - 09:14 PM
Seeing is influenced by tube currents, too. It's all air density churning in the light path, so tube currents need to be minimized. Maybe that's the defining point, though, as tube currents can be controlled to some extent whereas seeing really cannot (except by picking an efficient location.)
I think the working assumption with a larger Newtonian is that the tube currents have been addressed and the scope is thermally stable. But that's a big assumption and I think that true thermal stability, not only the mirror but the scope itself, takes longer than most expect.
Anyway, I realize my thoughts are not coherent, yet, while putting this all together. I am familiar with seeing, just would like to understand it's application at different apertures from eye ball twinkling, to 6" pleasing and rock steady Airy patterns, to total disintigration of the Airy pattern in a 12", for example. If you're 12" is in average seeing, would it still be worth keeping outside getting 8" views of plantets (on average when those fleeting moments are very far apart?)
I am an opportunistic observer, there are plenty of interesting objects to view, if the seeing does not support planetary viewing, then I will point my telescope elsewhere.
Posted 26 April 2013 - 09:21 PM
For those of us who are fortunate enough to have no thermal problems (in a MCT, no less), and when seeing is good snough to afford nearly perfect collimation, seeing becomes the dominate aberration. That's why I want to isolate it and understand it by itself.
I tend to specialize with planetary, lunar, and double stars these days. Your point is well taken, though. Right scope, right conditions, right observing.
Posted 27 April 2013 - 07:51 AM
For those of us who are fortunate enough to have no thermal problems (in a MCT, no less), and when seeing is good snough to afford nearly perfect collimation, seeing becomes the dominate aberration. That's why I want to isolate it and understand it by itself.
I think it is worth understanding seeing but in general, "seeing" and clouds are very similar, they are just something that one has to live with. Coming to terms with the seeing and understanding ones particular location is good thing to do.
In my particular situation, what I understand about seeing is that if it's not good enough for a 10 inch, it's not good enough for a 6 inch either.
Posted 27 April 2013 - 09:29 AM
...it's not good enough for a 10 inch, it's not good enough for a 6 inch either.
I think that's in part what I am curious about. Again, my seeing is about 8/10 or better almost nightly. But, is that because seeing favors smaller apertures? Can seeing drag performance of a 10" down so much (assuming hi res observing) to where a 4" outperforms it? Or is it simply more pleasing in a smaller aperture? How does the Airy pattern behave at such times spoiling resolution and contrast? And why?
I know my own 6" is very "pleasing" in terms of nice Airy patterns and planetary detail (both contrast and resolution.) Once I even caught a glimpse of a very faint belt in Jupiter's NNTB below below the brownish northern polar hood. It was faint even in images. So, at least in good seeing, it seems to be offering up everything the small aperture can offer. Its more than pleasing, it's performing...and that is pleasing.
So, ya, I guess this thread is kind of exploring what it means to be pleasing and performing and under what conditions.
One thing mentioned above, that under some conditions a 5" and 10" /seem/ to offer up about 3" Airy pattern - on average. As seeing calms, both scopes improve but as Don mentioned the 5" improves slightly while the 10" really begins resolving closer to it's aperture. On the other half of average, when seeing is worse that 3", both scopes seem to be afflicted...and seeing is not good for either.
So, it would seem larger aperture is at least equal to a smaller scope (assuming good Strehl, etc) somewhat infrequently while at some points the larger aperture dominates when seeing improves.
We all know that, but why do some folks claim a smaller aperture trumps a larger aperture under some seeing conditions when it might, at best, seem to equal it infrequently. Is it a statement on optical quality or peak intensity (obstructed vs unobstructed debate)? Does it boil down to care and maintenance of induced aberrations such as focus, cooling, collimation, and what have you? (Its probably most of that, most of the time.)
Anyway, sorry for rambling...thinking out loud.
Posted 27 April 2013 - 10:06 AM
I recently discovered that loads of relevant material (including Fried's paper) is available for free on the Internet. I started to look into those papers. These tend to considers the effect of atmospheric turbulence on perfect (diffraction-limited and aberration-free) optics (no luck, Jim). A key result that I reported on in a thread in the refractors forum is perhaps worth repeating here:
Taking into account the effects of seeing, a large aperture diffraction-limited telescope will deliver diffraction-limited snapshots only a very small fraction of the time. In other words, the time one has to wait for what is referred to as a "lucky image" increases exponentially with aperture.
Some numbers for poor seeing (at the lower end of typical seeing conditions described by optical turbulence characteristic size r0 in the range 0.1-0.2m), with the leftmost figures giving the aperture in inches, and the rightmost figures the fraction of snapshots that yield "lucky images" (diffraction-limited performance):
4 100%
8 100%
12 98%
16 46%
20 11%
24 2.1%
28 0.27%
32 0.026%
When people make remarks about "pleasing views" they probably refer to getting diffraction-limited views at the eyepiece 100% of the time. The key result to note is that achieving diffraction limited performance for larger telescope apertures resents a challenge that increases exponentially with the scope's light gathering area. That's a steep uphill battle...
Posted 27 April 2013 - 12:47 PM
Posted 27 April 2013 - 01:21 PM
Absolutely. That would be naive, wrong and misleading. One should not describe the Fried parameter r0 as a cell size. The Fried parameter characterizes the size distribution of the turbulent refractive index variations in the atmosphere. It is the "huge range in sizes" that renders possible the 'lucky images' for large aperture scopes.
With regard to the size of the "cells" as they relate to aperture, I doubt very much one can simply say, "the cells are 4" tonight....." These are natural phenomena which will form a normal distribution around a mean size, which may be 4" but the "cells" may have a huge range in size...


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How to Act Like a Dog
Dogs are great pets to own. If you want to act like this amazing animal, read on!
This article has been tagged as a stub.
That means it's off to a good start, but still has room to grow into a more helpful resource. Until the article reaches its full potential, it will be hidden from search results. Can you help it flourish? If you think the article offers complete and accurate instructions, feel free to remove this tag.
1Choose your breed and research it. Research well enough that you know the temperament and personality, preferred climate and nuances of the breed. If you want to get delve deeper, just research its history.
2Start acting like that breed of choice. If you are a mix breed, choose your breeds, research them all and act like a bit of each one. For example, if you are a border collie, when someone asks you to do something, do it immediately, without question.
3In your free time, run around the yard, play Frisbee or perform an agility run. Agility is just like an obstacle course plus track. If you are a border collie, you can have an invisible herd of sheep to drive around.
4Learn to walk on your hands and feet/knees. Don't do this all the time, just whenever you want to. This way, when you need/want to, it won't be as harsh.
5Use English when you need to, like in meetings or school, but in your free-time, gradually start using dog speak. But remember, dogs know a bit of human language, and you just expand that knowledge. If you do not know dog speak, here are some basic translations.
- A deep, growl sounding bark means "I'm protecting my home"
- A deep growl (no bark) means "go away"
- A regular bark means a lot of things, depending on the tone and frequency.
- A soft growl is for play. It means "I want to win!"
- A whine means "I'm confused" or "I want something"
- A howl means "I'm lonely" or "I need help"
6Eat a balanced diet of meat and vegetables. Dogs like carrots and dogs also eat meat. Eat slightly more meat, but not so much more that you're eating it 24/7.
- Give into those junk food cravings every once in a while! Dogs get treats, so why not you?
7Make friends with a brush. You aren't all dog, and even dogs need to stay clean, so brush daily and also take a shower or bath at least three times per week.
8Be friendly and have a positive attitude.
9Wear a stylish dog collar for more effect. You can put charms and tags and cool stuff on it, too. Think of it this way: you wear collars and girls wear necklaces. When girls stop wearing necklaces you can stop with the collar.
10Go outside and play a lot!
11You can keep a "diary" of a dog's life. Draw little pictures of yourself as your breed, write your impression of a dog's impression of your life, do whatever you want. Occasionally, leave the diary lying around for friends to peek at.
12Stay up late, but not too late. You aren't trying to be a cat or a bat. You want to be a dog. Dogs stay up until around 2 AM and then wake up some amount of hours later. Dogs get around 14 hours of sleep and you should too.
13If you look at it from the other side of the river, all it really is is a jazzed up way of looking at the "better way to live". Enjoy this time for the dog in us all needs to be unleashed sometimes, right?
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Ask a Question
- Develop your cutest look whenever you want something. Those puppy dog eyes are irresistible.
- This will give you a boost in everything. I'm not kidding. If you were once shy at first, well be shy no more.
- If you're a Chihuahua and you're doing the job of a Malamute, that's okay! Exceed your standards.
- Drink from a bowl and look up on the Internet what foods dogs can't eat.
- Do not tell any of your friends about this. If they care, they will notice and tell you.
- People might call you you crazy
Things You'll Need
- The ability to act like a dog
- Lockable diary
- Dog Collar
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