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Originally Posted by malheur 72
I chose Agfa Neutol Plus for its non-toxic quality and am very pleased with the prints it gives me with Slavich fiber base graded paper. However it takes 4 minutes for all the details to come up.
What concentration did you use to give you these results ? If you weren't using 1+9 perhaps you should try it. Neutol Plus is my paper developer of choice for now.


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Buschbeck, DE
Andreas Buschbeck, Bickenbach DE
|Patent application number
|CLAMPING DEVICE FOR A BALANCING MACHINE - Disclosed is a clamping device of a balancing machine for coaxially clamping a toolholder on a spindle rotary about an axis of rotation (
Mihaela Buschbeck, Nurnberg DE
|Patent application number
|COATED MAGNETIC ALLOY MATERIAL AND METHOD FOR THE MANUFACTURE THEREOF - The invention relates to the field of materials science and material physics and relates to a coated magnetic alloy material, which can be used, for example, as a magnetic cooling material for cooling purposes. The object of the present invention is to disclose a coated magnetic alloy material, which has improved mechanical and/or chemical properties. The object is attained with a magnetic alloy material with a NaZn
Ralf Buschbeck, Möckmühl DE
|Patent application number
|Piston For an Internal Combustion Engine Having Two Ring Grooves Wherein One Ring Groove Has A Ring Carrier - A piston for an internal combustion engine has a piston upper part which has a ring field having a plurality of ring grooves, and a piston lower part wherein there is provision for the ring field to have precisely two ring grooves with at least the upper ring grooves having a ring carrier.
Ralf Buschbeck, Neudenau DE
|Patent application number
|METHOD FOR PRODUCING A PISTON WITH A COOLING DUCT - A method for producing a piston with a cooling duct for an internal combustion engine, wherein a piston blank is provided with a collar protruding beyond the outer diameter of the later formed piston, and is formed on the piston blank by forging, spin-bending or the like. To form the cooling duct, a radially peripheral recess is introduced into the piston blank by forging, spin-bending or the like. In a further method step, a forming operation is performed on the collar, which together with the peripheral recess forms the cooling duct.
Ralf Buschbeck, Möckmühl DE
|Patent application number
|Piston for an Internal Combustion Engine - The invention relates in particular to a piston (
|Lightweight Piston - A piston has a piston head that is provided with a field of rings and a piston shaft which is disposed thereupon. The piston shaft is equipped with supporting shaft wall sections and rear connecting walls which interconnect the shaft wall sections, have an arched shape, and are fitted with a bolt bore. An undercut free space is provided below the annular field in the area of the bolt bore in the region of the piston head. An arched zone is disposed in the interior of the piston at the transition from the bolt bore in the direction of the shaft wall session.
|Piston Comprising a Circumferential Radial Recess Located Below an Annular Groove - A piston having a top part and an adjacent shaft part. The top part of the piston is provided with a field of rings encompassing at least one annular groove. A circumferential radial recess is located in the region between the upper edge of the shaft part and the annular groove. The upper diameter of the recess is smaller than the lower diameter of the recess.
|Piston For an Internal Combustion Engine Having Two Ring Grooves Wherein One Ring Groove Has A Ring Carrier - A piston for an internal combustion engine has a piston upper part which has a ring field having a plurality of ring grooves, and a piston lower part wherein there is provision for the ring field to have precisely two ring grooves with at least the upper ring grooves having a ring carrier.
Steffen Buschbeck, Erfurt DE
|Patent application number
|Illumination Unit Comprising an Optical Wave Guide and an Imaging Means - Disclosed is an illumination unit comprising a strip-type optical wave guide and an imaging means, and providing a very high light efficiency with a reduced number of primary light sources. The illumination unit enables the production of a coherent plane wave field having a temporal and spatial coherence required for holographic reconstructions. The strip-type optical wave guide contains extraction elements for extracting injected coherent light guided into an observer plane by imaging elements via a controllable light modulation means. During the injection of light, the extraction elements form a grid of secondary light sources which are arranged in the front focal plane of the imaging elements and carry out the spatial coherence in at least one dimension. A secondary light source and an imaging element are associated with each other in order to guide the extracted light through the controllable light modulation means in a collimated manner.
|Light Modulating Device - The present invention relates to a light modulating device, comprising a SLM and a pixelated optical element, in which a group of at least two adjacent pixels of the SLM in combination with a corresponding group of pixels in the pixelated optical element form a macropixel, the pixelated optical element being of a type such that its pixels comprise a fixed content, each macropixel being used to represent a numerical value which is manifested physically by the states of the pixels of the SLM and the content of the pixels of the pixelated optical element which form the macropixel.
|LIGHT MODULATING DEVICE - A light modulating device comprises a spatial light modulator and a homogenizing element. A group of at least two adjacent pixels of the spatial light modulator form a macropixel: The spatial light modulator is of a type such that its pixels comprise a variable content. Each macropixel is used to represent a numerical value which is manifested physically by the states of the pixels of the spatial light modulator which form the macropixel. For each macropixel a homogenizing element is present in the optical path after the macropixel. The homogenizing element comprises an optical input and an optical output. The homogenizing element is adapted such that output light of the macropixel is entering the optical input of the homogenizing element and is mixed within the homogenizing element and is output at the optical output of the homogenizing element.
|LIGHTING DEVICE FOR A DIRECT VIEWING DISPLAY - The present invention relates to a lighting device having a planer optical fiber and at least one light source device for illuminating a controllable spatial light modulator, wherein the optical fiber comprises a light-conducting core and a cover coating, and the light modulator comprises a pixel matrix, the light source device is disposed on the side of the optical fiber, and the light emitted by at least one light source of the light source device propagates laminarly in the optical fiber. The lighting unit according to the invention is characterized in that the planar optical fiber comprises a deflecting coating having a selective polarization function for laminarly decoupling and deflecting the evanescent wave field of the light propagating in the optical fiber, wherein the thickness of the cover coating reduces in the direction of light propagation.
Patent applications by Steffen Buschbeck, Erfurt DE
Steffen Buschbeck, Jena DE
|Patent application number
|Direction-Controlled Illumination Unit for an Autostereoscopic Display - A direction-controlled illumination unit for an autostereoscopic display, which unit deflects light from activated illumination elements through a transmissive image reproduction means in the space in front of the display into visibility areas, from which a stereoscopic and/or monoscopic representation can be seen. The direction-controlled illumination unit contains an illumination means having illumination elements, an imaging means having imaging elements, a prism arrangement, a light-scattering means and an image reproduction means. A respective imaging element is assigned a number of illumination elements in order to deflect light in the form of a beam onto observers' eyes in a sequential manner in terms of time.
|Holographic Reconstruction System with Optical Wave Tracking Means - A holographic projection system has an optical wave tracking system which adjusts the propagation direction of a modulated wavefront. It provides an adjustable wave tracking system which aligns the modulated wave with a desired eye position of one or more observers and follows the movements of the observer. The system comprises spatial light modulation means which modulate a wave with holographic information for the purpose of holographic reconstruction. The optical wave tracking provides the light path of the modulated wave with a desired propagation direction which guides the modulated wave out of the reconstruction system via a light exit position of a display screen. Position control means set adjustable tracking mirror means in terms of their inclination to a reflection direction for reflecting the modulated wave and deflection means, which are located in the set reflection direction, reflect the wave via the display screen into the desired propagation direction.
|Holographic Reconstruction System and Method with an Enlarged Visibility Region - A holographic reconstruction system and a corresponding holographic reconstruction method are disclosed. The holographic reconstruction system comprises light source means for providing substantially coherent light, reconstruction means for holographically reconstructing a scene and for producing a visibility region from where the viewer can view the holographically reconstructed scene, and deflection means for positioning the visibility region. The aim of the invention is to improve the visibility region of a holographic reconstruction system. To achieve this aim, the holographic reconstruction system comprises deflection drive means for continuously rotating or pivoting the deflection means about a rotational axis at a rotary frequency, thereby displacing the visibility region. The invention allows one or more viewers to view the scene reconstructed by means of the holographic reconstruction system from different positions while facilitating the implementation of the holographic reconstruction system with conventional means.
|Holographic Reconstruction System and Method with a Sequence of Visibility Regions - A holographic reconstruction system and method for the three-dimensional reconstruction of object light points of a scene is disclosed. The system includes spatial light modulation means which modulate light waves capable of interference with at least one video hologram, focusing means which focus the modulated light waves so that a viewer can view the reconstructed object light points of the scene from a visibility region that is thereby produced by focusing, and deflection means which position the visibility region by aligning the modulated light waves. The holographic reconstruction system includes deflection control means for controlling the deflection means to sequentially adjust the visibility region to different contiguous viewing positions, and light controlling means for switching the light waves in synchronicity with the deflection control means.
Wolfgang Buschbeck, Hanau DE
|Patent application number
|EVAPORATION APPARATUS WITH INCLINED CRUCIBLE - The invention relates to an evaporation apparatus for depositing material on a vertically oriented substrate (
|HOVER CUSHION TRANSPORT FOR WEBS IN A WEB COATING PROCESS - The invention relates to devices and apparatus for web guiding and cooling of webs during thin-film forming. A guiding device for contact-free guiding a web is provided with the device having a surface for facing the web and a multitude of gas outlets disposed in the surface and adapted for providing a hover cushion for the web. Further, an apparatus for coating a web and a method for contact-free guiding a web is provided that comprises moving the web over a surface and emitting a multitude of gas streams from the surface, thereby generating a hover cushion between the surface and the web. Further, a method for producing a thin-film solar cell is provided that comprises a method for contact-free guiding a web according to embodiments described herein. The method for producing a thin-film solar cell further comprises depositing a back contact on the web and depositing a transparent and conductive oxide layer.
|ANODE ROD FOR A SPUTTERING SYSTEM - The present disclosure relates to an anode rod for a sputtering system comprising a target, a lateral surface area of the anode rod is at least 2 times greater than the lateral surface area of the a circular cylinder having the same volume. Further, the present disclosure relates to a sputtering system comprising at least one anode rod, wherein the anode rod having a lateral surface area that is at least 2 times greater than the lateral surface area of the a circular cylinder having the same volume, and at least one sputtering cathode assembly comprising a backing device selected of the group consisting of a backing plate for a planar target, and a target backing tube for a rotatable cylindrical target.
|ROTATABLE TARGET, BACKING TUBE, SPUTTERING INSTALLATION AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING A ROTATABLE TARGET - A rotatable target for a sputtering installation and a method for producing a rotatable target are provided. The target includes a backing tube to which a target tube is shrink-fitted. The method includes setting a positive temperature difference between a target tube and a backing tube. The method further includes pulling the target tube over the backing tube while the temperature difference remains positive. Furthermore, a backing tube having a middle part with an outer lateral area and a notch extending in a longitudinal direction on the outer lateral area is provided.
|LOAD LOCK CHAMBER, SUBSTRATE PROCESSING SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR VENTING - A lock chamber for a substrate processing system is provided which includes at least a first conduit adapted to provide an inner portion of the lock chamber in fluid communication with atmospheric pressure or overpressure. Additionally, the lock chamber includes at least a first control valve for controlling a flow rate of the fluid communication of the inner portion of the chamber with the atmospheric pressure or the overpressure, wherein the control valve is adapted to continuously control the flow rate. Furthermore, an according method, a computer program and a computer readable medium adapted for performing the method is provided.
|ADVANCED PLATFORM FOR PASSIVATING CRYSTALLINE SILICON SOLAR CELLS - The present invention generally provides a high throughput substrate processing system that is used to form one or more regions of a solar cell device. In one configuration of a processing system, one or more solar cell passivating or dielectric layers are deposited and further processed within one or more processing chambers contained within the high throughput substrate processing system. The processing chambers may be, for example, plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) chambers, low pressure chemical vapor deposition (LPCVD) chambers, atomic layer deposition (ALD) chambers, physical vapor deposition (PVD) or sputtering chambers, thermal processing chambers (e.g., RTA or RTO chambers), substrate reorientation chambers (e.g., flipping chambers) and/or other similar processing chambers.
|DYNAMIC LOAD LOCK WITH CELLULAR STRUCTURE FOR DISCRETE SUBSTRATES - A dynamic load lock chamber that includes a plurality of actuators positioned along its length to achieve a desired pressure gradient from an atmospheric pressure side to a processing pressure side of the chamber is provided. The chamber includes a transport belt continuously running through the chamber to transport substrates from the atmospheric pressure side to the processing pressure side of the chamber, if situated on an inlet side of a production line, and from the processing pressure side to the atmospheric pressure side of the chamber, if positioned on an outlet side of the production line. Separation mechanisms may be attached to the belt to separate discrete regions within the chamber into a plurality of discrete volumes. Substrates may be disposed between the separation mechanisms, such that separation between adjacent pressure regions within the chamber is maintained as the substrates are transported through the chamber.
|GAS SEPARATION BY ADJUSTABLE SEPARATION WALL - An apparatus for coating a thin film on a flexible substrate is described. The apparatus includes a coating drum having an outer surface for guiding the flexible substrate through a first vacuum processing region and at least one second vacuum processing region, a gas separation unit for separating the first vacuum processing region and at least one second vacuum processing region and adapted to form a slit through which the flexible substrate can pass between the outer surface of the coating drum and the gas separation unit, wherein the gas separation unit is adapted to control fluid communication between the first processing region and the second processing region by adjusting the position of the gas separation unit.
|DEPOSITION SOURCE WITH ADJUSTABLE ELECTRODE - An apparatus for depositing a thin film on a substrate is described. The apparatus includes a substrate support having an outer surface for guiding the substrate through a vacuum processing region, a plasma deposition source for depositing the thin film on the substrate in the vacuum processing region, wherein the plasma deposition source comprises an electrode, and an actuator configured for adjusting the distance between the electrode and the outer surface.
|COMMON DEPOSITION PLATFORM, PROCESSING STATION, AND METHOD OF OPERATION THEREOF - An apparatus includes a substrate support having an outer surface for guiding the substrate through a first vacuum processing region and at least one second vacuum processing region. First and second deposition sources correspond to the first processing region and at least one second deposition source corresponds to the at least one second vacuum processing region, wherein at least the first deposition source includes an electrode having a surface that opposes the substrate support. A processing gas inlet and a processing gas outlet are arranged at opposing sides of the surface of the electrode. At least one separation gas inlet how one or more openings, wherein the one or more openings are at least provided at one of opposing sides of the electrode surface such that the processing gas inlet and/or the processing gas outlet are provided between the one or more openings and the surface of the electrode.
Patent applications by Wolfgang Buschbeck, Hanau DE

subset: commoncrawl


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Photocatalytic Reduction of CO2 over Cu-TiO2/Molecular Sieve 5A Composite
Article first published online: 15 JUL 2011
DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2011.00946.x
© 2011 The Authors. Photochemistry and Photobiology © 2011 The American Society of Photobiology
Photochemistry and Photobiology
Volume 87, Issue 5, pages 995–1001, September/October 2011
Additional Information
How to Cite
Srinivas, B., Shubhamangala, B., Lalitha, K., Anil Kumar Reddy, P., Durga Kumari, V., Subrahmanyam, M. and De, B. R. (2011), Photocatalytic Reduction of CO2 over Cu-TiO2/Molecular Sieve 5A Composite. Photochemistry and Photobiology, 87: 995–1001. doi: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2011.00946.x
Publication History
- Issue published online: 2 SEP 2011
- Article first published online: 15 JUL 2011
- Accepted manuscript online: 30 MAY 2011 11:14PM EST
- Received 2 March 2011, accepted 24 May 2011
- Abstract
- Article
- References
- Cited By
TiO2 and different Cu wt% loaded TiO2 (TC0.5–5.0), 10 wt% TC2.0 supported on molecular sieve 5A (10 wt% TC2.0/MS) were prepared by impregnation and solid-state dispersion methods. The photocatalysts prepared were characterized using XRD, SEM, and UV–Vis DRS, TEM, XPS spectroscopy techniques. Photocatalytic reduction of CO2 in water and alkaline solution are investigated in a batch reactor. The yield of oxalic acid increased notably when TC was supported on molecular sieve. The Cu-TiO2 supported on molecular sieve catalyst promotes the charge separation that leads to an increase in the selective formation of oxalic acid in addition to methanol, acetic acid and traces of methane. The product formation is due to the high adsorption of CO2, water and product shape selectivity of the composite photocatalyst. The maximum yield of oxalic acid was found to be 65.6 μg h−1 g−1 per cat using 0.2 N NaOH containing solution over 10 wt% TC2.0/MS photocatalyst. The difference in the photocatalytic activity is related to its physicochemical properties.


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Ghost The Musical
Presented by The Hanover Theatre at The Hanover Theatre for the Performing Arts
June 5 - June 8, 2014
Relive the iconic and magical moments from the Oscar-winning movie "Ghost" in a brand-new Broadway musical. GHOST THE MUSICAL breathes glorious new life into a timeless love story. The musical features an original pop score from multiple Grammy Award-winners Dave Stewart, one half of the 80s pop duo the Eurythmics, and Glen Ballard, co-writer with Alanis Morissette on the multi-platinum album Jagged Little Pill, among many other notable credits and collaborations. The musical's tale of everlasting love is thrilling entertainment for audiences of all ages.
Adapted from the hit film by its Academy Award-winning screenwriter Bruce Joel Rubin, GHOST THE MUSICAL follows Sam and Molly, a young couple whose connection takes a shocking turn after Sam's untimely death. Trapped between two worlds, Sam refuses to leave Molly when he learns she is in grave danger. Desperate to communicate with her, he turns to a storefront psychic who helps him protect Molly and avenge his death. GHOST THE MUSICAL is "eye-poppingly brilliant" (AP) and "unlike anything seen onstage before!" (Newsday).
The Hanover Theatre for the Performing Arts
2 Southbridge Street
Worcester, MA 01608
Admission Info:
Full price tickets are $42, $52, $62 and $72, depending on seating location. 10% discount available for members, groups of 20 or more, corporate partners and WOO Card holders. 15% discount available for groups of 50 or more.
Phone: 877.571.SHOW (7469)
As a courtesy to our patrons, all lots are attended and secured on performance nights.
- Federal Plaza Garage (Primary Garage- pre-pay cash only)
- Worcester Plaza Garage
- Franklin Square Society Lot (pre-pay cash only)
Accessibility Information:


text:
TSW is an unrivaled source of peer learning, networking, and idea sharing. Join us to learn how top technology companies are successfully growing customers at scale.
Every business shares a common goal: grow revenue. For most tech companies, this task has traditionally been the responsibility of the sales and marketing functions whose focus has been to identify and close new business.
Today, companies recognize that while acquiring customers is still an important and necessary pursuit, there is an enormous and largely under-exploited growth lever that lies within reach. Specifically, they want to drive revenue expansion from existing customers.
It seems obvious, yet like most things worth doing, the execution is hard. In this case, it is a highly complex undertaking that requires the participation of every function in the company.
At the center of this transformation sit the services functions that are involved in virtually every post-sale customer engagement life cycle touchpoint—the Adopt, Expand, and Renew motions defined in the TSIA LAER Framework:
When these motions are executed well by services and are supported by all other corporate functions, companies create a powerful platform from which they can drive customer success and grow revenue at scale.Register Now
TSW 2015 Service Transformations will explore how tech companies can transform their service capabilities and effectively leverage and engage all corporate functions to grow customers successfully. Learn more about the benefits of attending by downloading the brochure.
Learn how you can accelerate the revenue growth of your company by growing existing customers.
© Copyright 2015 Technology Services Industry Association


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Add employees to Payroll in Xero (US)
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Add employees to Payroll in Xero (US)
It's simple to add employees to
Payroll in Xero
. Just enter their personal details, and their tax and payroll information, and their pay will be calculated correctly and efficiently.
This video tutorial shows you how to add and set up employees in the US edition of Payroll in Xero.
Video transcript
In Xero, adding employees for Payroll is simple. Enter their personal details, tax and payroll information, and their pay will be calculated correctly and efficiently. Under the 'Payroll' tab, you'll find the 'Employees' menu.
Let's add a new employee. Enter their name and click 'Next' to get started. Now add their personal details and be sure to include their email address as this will be used to invite them into the employee portal. Is this employee a manager who will be approving other employees' timesheets? If so, you can enable those permissions here. Save and the employee is now created. You'll now need to add their employment and pay details and work through these tabs to fill out the information needed to calculate their pay correctly.
Employment: all the important stuff goes here – employee number, start date, social security number. Select what payroll schedule they're on. If the pay frequency you want isn't in this list, then you'll need to add that option in 'Pay Schedules', back in your 'Payroll Settings'. If we linked one of our tracking categories to employee group in 'Payroll Settings', I can choose a tracking option for this employee. This will help with filtering and reporting later on. Let's set the employee basis as 'full time' and select the 'holiday group' they belong to.
Next, we move on to salary and wages. Choose their regular earnings type and specify if they are hourly or salary based. Then put in their hourly rate or annual salary as the case may be, and nominate what their standard hours will be. Of course the reality may differ. That's okay, it's just acting as a base. And next, add in their primary work location and any other locations they may be working from. Ensure you save what you've done before moving on to the nest tab, 'Taxes'.
Here we select their filing status and enter their total allowances from the employee's W4 form they'll have provided you with, and any additional amount that gets kept aside if applicable. Select their tax exemptions if any. Remember to save and move on to state tax. This may vary from state to state, but for the most part it's very similar to federal tax options. Save your work and move along one tab to 'Time Off'.
Here's where we can assign the types of time off we set up for the business to this employee. Select the time off type and choose the schedule of accrual, like from the beginning of the calendar year or from when the employee started with the company so it's accrued on their anniversary start date. Enter the hours that get accrued according to the accrual schedule, which is annually from the anniversary date in our case, and if you've set a limit as to what the staff can accrue up to, enter that maximum figure here. If they're starting out with a balance already, then be sure to enter that in too.
If you want to assign another time off type, you can do that here. Time off requested to this employee will feed through here and you can see a business-wide view of leave management from the 'Time Off' page under the 'Payroll' drop down. You can check out the video there all about managing leave requests.
Next we'll select the payment method. If we select 'direct deposit', then we'll be prompted to enter their bank details. Now pay template is especially important. This is where we can set up the default pay items that populate a payrun for this employee. This will save you from having to re-enter this information each payrun. Add any additional earning that the employee is to receive. Are there any deductions that you might need to pull from their pay like a membership fee for instance? In this business, staff get reimbursed for mileage through payroll, so we'll add a reimbursement line for that too. And finally add in any benefits that are part of their employment package and remember to save.
If this is a new employee just starting, that should be it. You're done. The only thing left to do is invite them into the employee portal which we'll take a look at shortly.
However if you are migrating over to Xero from another payroll system, you will need to enter opening balances for your existing employees using reports from your previous system. The balances need to be from the beginning of a quarter, so your first quarterly reporting to the tax office from Xero is a complete quarter. If you started part way through a quarter, that's okay, but still put in the balances as per the beginning of the quarter and just process backdated unscheduled payruns to bring the payroll to date. Refer to help for further instructions on opening balances.
Now that we've completed setting up the employee, we can invite them into My Payroll, Xero's employee portal. Navigate back to the 'Employees' page, select the employee you've just set up and any other you would like to invite and click 'Invite to Portal'. Those employees will be sent an email with an invitation link so they can set up their login and start submitting timesheets, viewing their pay stubs, and applying for time off.
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Ventura College needs win to clinch bowl eligibility
So far, the start has been stronger than the finish.
Subscribe to the Ventura County Star
Ready to subscribe to the Ventura County Star? Choose between a Premium or Digital subscription below.
Need Help? Call us at 1-877-710-6182.
Monday-Friday: 6am-3pm / Saturday: 6:30am-10:30am / Sunday: 7am-11am


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Easter is a wonderful time for celebration. With 2 bank holidays and comparatively less pressure and stress compared to Christmas, it's a time when people are able to relax, enjoy the good weather and meet up with families and friends. This year, the fabulous weather certainly helped those social gatherings to go well.
But as we return to work this week, many of us are contemplating the need to cut back a bit after a bit too much indulgence.
Take a typical Easter day's consumption, those few extra treats certainly add up…
- Breakfast – total 454 calories:
- Cornflakes 167 calories
- Danish pastry 287 calories
- Easter dinner – total 1,732 calories:
- Roast dinner 650 calories
- Profiteroles (x 5) 270 calories
- Cheese and biscuits 394 calories
- 2 glasses red wine total 238 calories
- 5 Celebrations chocolates with coffee 180 calories
- Mid-afternoon Creme Egg – 174 Calories
- Evening snack tea "Just something little as we ate so much at lunch" - 782 Calories!:
- Ham and cheese toastie 429 calories
- Crisps 132 calories
- Beer 221 calories
- Easter egg (Dairy Milk 218g egg) 1,155
It's surprising how a few indulgences can add up… This would be more than double the recommended daily calorie intake for the average woman. And unfortunately, evidence is that indulgence can become a habit. Just one glass of wine a day is over 40,000 calories in a year. Research has previously suggested that an average wine drinker can expect to gain half a stone each year due to the additional calories consumed.
People struggling to keep their indulgences in check are likely to see their waistlines expand. In fact, the UK is now Europe's fattest nation.
However, there are many that are taking action. The Hospital Group is the UK's leading provider of weight loss surgery, including gastric bands; and has seen dramatic increases in enquiries for the procedure.
A spokesperson for the Group said: "With the rise in obesity in the UK, enquiries for gastric bands at The Hospital Group are up 20% this year so far. The gastric band enables overweight and obese patients to succeed in losing weight as the band effectively reduces their appetite so that they consumer smaller portions and stay fuller for longer on less food. Weight loss is natural and inevitable. 99% of our gastric band patients are successful in losing weight, so it is an effective procedure for those that need to take action on their weight.
However, for those whose weight is not unhealthy but who wish to take targeted action on their shape, liposuction may be more appropriate. This offers a cosmetic surgery option for patients who are looking to improve their body shape by removing excess fat in areas such as the tummy or flanks. We have seen an increase of an incredible 131% in patients enquiring about liposuction to target those areas that are resistant to diet and exercise. We practise liposculpture, which emphasises the aesthetic result of the procedure and the results are simply stunning."


text:
Reviews - Millers Beck4
Millers Beck Guest House Millbridge Lane, Stainton, Kendal, LA8 0DU
Price FromView Rooms
Customer Reviews
Our reviews are from genuine LateRooms.com customers. We verify that the customer has stayed before leaving a review.
100% would recommend it to a friend
Customer service
Food quality
Room quality
Great location and lovely breakfast
We stopped here on the way up to Scotland.
It was near the M6, so ideal for us. The surroundings are lovely and the room was very nice. Breakfast was a highlight!
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Millers Beck
Excellent Accomodation and perfect location for the lakes and Yorkshire dales, we will decinitely be booking to stay again.
Millers Beck
Tastefully decorated, excellent location and welcoming host.
Would hapilly go beck
This is a wonderful place, we stayed in the self-catering apartment, and it was the perfect place to be for us, paul and granville take great care in ensuring you have all you need for your arrival and stay, even the little touches like ensuring you have coffe/yea bags and condiments, as some are quite miserly in this area, but they ensured the whole weekend was perfect for us, and the bed is soooo comfy !.
This is worth every penny you pay to stay and you will not regret it, paul and granville are gracious hosts and take goods pride in their establishment and offer a wonderful hands on service , and will do what it takes for you to be able to enjoy your stay....top marks for this place from us.
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Wonderful stay at Millers Beck
After a long day we were greeted at Millers Beck by Paul who was very welcoming.
Our room was lovely with great views. We were offered coffee on our arrival which was very much appreciated and we had this in a cosy lounge area looking out onto the fields. Breakfast the following morning was delicious, fresh fruit, homemade yoghurt, full English breakfast cooked just right. We stayed for two nights and both evenings and mornings were equally as good. We will be returning again next year as this is an annual trip to the Lake District buying sheep.
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This is a delightful place.
The welcome, the food and the accommodation is all that is required. Our bedroom had a lovely view across the fields and the background sound of the beck running through the garden was great. We shall certainly visit again and explore the local area on foot, as it is a part of the Lake District we haven't explored.
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Too good to share this, but it would be a shame not to...
This is a beautiful building in a beautiful area run by a very friendly and welcoming couple.
It only caters to a very small number of guests, but it doesn't disappoint in any way. On arrival we were made to feel right at home and were provided with fresh tea or coffee with home made biscuits. We were also helped to carry our bags to our room. Our own double en-suite overlooked the old mill race and fields from the top floor, and we slept with both french doors wide open just to listen to the noise of the water rushing down beneath us. Our linen was of the very highest quality, and the bed was very comfortable. The breakfast was excellent, with plenty of choice, including Paul's homemade jams, marmelades and yoghurt, and locally produced bacon and sausages. As Paul says in his booking confirmation, trust his directions rather than Sat Nav as it might take you down some single track roads as it did with us. We have booked again already, and we know several friends are interested too.
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You could not wish for more
Hospitality, views, house martins and a great breakfast plus a great pub within 10mins walk.
Perfect location to visit the Lake District/Yorkshire Dales
We were a party of three and stayed in a family room.
The owners are really friendly and gave us some tips of things to see and how to get to places. The B&B is spot clean and despite being located near a road, it is really quiet. Brilliant views to the farm fields where cows and sheep graze, and the relaxing sound of water flowing just beneath the window. Couldn't have been better, we loved it!
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CAMBRIDGE, Mass. (April 28, 2009) Dr. Joel Selanikio's innovative technology is not only saving lives, it is changing the face of the public health system around the world. Merging his expertise in the areas of computer science, medicine and public health with his business partner's background in technology, spurred the development of a sustainable mobile software tool to aid in disease surveillance and the collection of public health data in developing nations. Officially established as an electronic data collection standard by the World Health Organization, Selanikio's EpiSurveyor is now the most widely adopted open source mobile health software in the world.
The Lemelson-MIT Program today named Dr. Joel Selanikio as the recipient of the 2009 $100,000 Lemelson-MIT Award for Sustainability in recognition of his accomplishments in public health and international development. Selanikio, co-founder of DataDyne and assistant professor of pediatrics at Georgetown University Hospital in Washington D.C., will accept the award and present his innovation to the public at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) during the Lemelson-MIT Program's third-annual EurekaFest, a multi-day celebration of the inventive spirit, on June 24-27.
"Joel's inventiveness and ability to leverage his unique, multi-discipline background is impressive," states Theresa Bradley, team leader of the World Bank's Development Marketplace, whose organization nominated Selanikio for the award. "He is a thought leader in the area of mobile health for developing countries and is dedicated to improving global public health by creating sustainable technologies that are scalable, affordable and practical."
Improving Methods of Data Collection
Selanikio became devoted to improving data collection in public health while working as a U.S. Public Health Service officer at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). He found that existing means of data c
|Contact: Julie Staadecker
Lemelson-MIT Program


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Enter the Heartland Emmy Awards Competition
Deadline Wednesday, February 4, 2015: 5PM MST
To enter the Heartland Emmy Awards, your work must have had its first distribution in, and have been produced primarily for, an audience in (one of) these DMAs: Denver / Oklahoma City (large markets); Tulsa / Wichita-Hutchinson / Omaha / Colorado Springs-Pueblo (medium markets); Lincoln/Hastings-Kearney / Topeka / Grand Junction-Montrose / Cheyenne-Scottsbluff / Durango (small markets); within the designated eligibility period. All NATAS members receive a significant discount on entry fees, especially those working in medium and small markets; you don't have to be a member to enter the competition.
Determine if your work is eligible, and choose your category, by reviewing the 2015 CALL FOR ENTRIES. Questions? Contact the office: 303.722.0916.
Put together a complete list of people who were involved in the production, and whose names will be on the entry form; only those names are eligible to receive a statue, ever. Each name incurs an entry fee – discounted for members. It helps to make sure everyone has renewed his/her membership before you enter IF you're looking for that discount!
Entrants in the Student Achievement Awards (Category 61) will pay a processing fee only (no membership discount).
Get your video clip(s) together, according to the Upload Specs, and Exporting details. Pay attention to the Time Limit for your category. All video must be 'as aired.' Composites must include a second of black between segments AND a list of segments included in the Description of Entry. What's Time Code? – Tell us the 'in-point' for the 30-second clip (on your entry video) to play back at the Awards Show. Preview the How to Upload Your Video video (the video's dated, but useful).
Enter online using one of the two links below … then, Pay for your entry … then, Upload and Approve your video. Deadline 5PM Wednesday, February 4, 2015.
Group Entry Link: ONLY if you're entering in conjunction with one of these entities – KUSA, KMGH, KCNC, OETA, RMPBS, KDVR, KWGN, KOKH, NET, KFOR, KWTV. Don't forget to send a Master List if your organization is submitting more than 10 entries.
Standard Entry Link: If you're entering individually, not as part of a larger group listed above. This is for all the rest of us, no matter how many entries are being submitted.
Changes to the entry form, if necessary, via the email confirmation you'll receive as the submitter. NO changes to video upload! Judging of our/your entries occurs during March and April. Nominations announced in early in June. Emmy recipients presented at the Awards Galas 7/18/15.


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10.3886/ICPSR06414.v2 Kessler, Ronald C. Detroit Area Study, 1985: Life Events in Everyday Experience Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research 1995 cities coping depression (psychology) domestic responsibilities drug use economic behavior emotional states everyday life family background family life family work relationship gender roles health housework job stress life events marriage psychological wellbeing social life social support stress 1995-10-12 2010-08-20 1985 survey data 6414 2
The 1985 Detroit Area Study surveyed life events of respondents. Questions addressed alcohol and drug use, emotional state, incidents of depression and fear, stress caused by children and work, and respondent's general health. Information on the respondent's family background was also collected, with specific emphases on children, parenting, and marriage. Gender comparison questions were posed to explore in detail issues such as the benefits/responsibilities of marriage, marriage roles and careers, and division of housework tasks. The survey also included items on the respondent's financial situation, social life, social support network, and demographic characteristics such as age, race, sex, education, religion, and income.

More information about the Detroit Area Studies Project is available on this Web site.


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2nd Circuit
2nd Circuit hears arguments on whether document reviewers eligible for overtime
Although licensed lawyers are not eligible for overtime under the FLSA, Lola believes that the work he was doing for Skadden was so basic that it should not be considered practicing law.
2nd Circuit rules NSA's surveillance program exceeds what Patriot Act allows
"The text of (Section 215) cannot bear the weight the government asks us to assign to it, and ... does not authorize the telephone metadata program," the panel wrote in its decision.
2nd Circuit does not 'like' attempt to gain 50 percent of Facebook
Paul Ceglia claimed to have had a "work for hire" document from Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg that entitled him to half of the company.
Practical considerations to avoid challenges to arbitration awards (Part 1)
Discussing the underlying legal standards with a particular focus on the FAA which states that an award may be vacated "where there was evident partiality or corruption in the arbitrators."
Time to loosen up on corporate insider trading policies?
Some folks—especially those living in the states governed by the U.S. Court of Appeals 2nd Circuit—might believe that it's now okay to relax corporate insider trading policies. But don't do it.
Developments in social media evidence: To authenticate or not to authenticate
While some courts seem to be looking at social media evidence as similar to other evidence garnered from Internet (such as other website printouts), others have latched on to the ease with which social media accounts can be fabricated.
The long arm of the law
But still, no court has definitively answered the bigger question: Just how far do U.S. extraterritorial laws reach?
Spoliation in the eyes of an appellate court
Automated Solutions is a strong case to demonstrate that just because your adversary violates a preservation duty does not mean the war is over.
Recent developments in the extraterritorial reach of the U.S. antitrust laws
The determination that the FTAIA goes to the merits of a plaintiff's claims, not to a district court's jurisdiction, will directly impact defendants' ability to exit antitrust lawsuits early.
SCOTUS tackles when a statement of opinion is actionable under the 1933 Act
Companies, their officers and directors, and their underwriters and auditors potentially face greater exposure in federal securities actions, including class actions, brought under the 1933 Act.


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3. Taking Fruit
Ever wonder why you can't just can't reach up and pluck the apple from the communal tree? Have at it, because you can! At least in California, where the law stating that any fruit that grows on, or over, public land is community property, even if the trunk is rooted in a private yard. This has given birth to the Fallen Fruit movement. In Los Angeles, people plot the public lands to access the free fruit, complete with joint jam-making sessions and more. Just don't go picking from your neighbor's tree, unless you're trying to pick a fight. (See Neighborhood Fruit for information about legal fruit harvesting.)
4. Nudism
Would the earth do better without synthetic fibers containing polyester, elastane, or Lycra? I'm going to go with yes on this one, despite my love of the Spanx after certain carb-filled meals. Nylon, for instance, takes thirty to forty years to decompose. So wouldn't it be better if we could just all run free in the breeze?
Maybe so, but the law is ambiguous. There are no federal laws that ban or allow nudism. However, nudism has never been guaranteed by the Constitution as a "freedom of expression." With no federal precedent, it's up to the states and local municipalities to decide if it is legal to let loose your clothes on the street. And, well, most of the time, you're going to find yourself in handcuffs for indecent exposure if you shed your synthetic skin. So—maybe not, Adam and Eve.
5. Public Urination
Really, guys? Yes, we are talking to the men out there who like to save more water than the next. (Though kudos to the women who attempt it.) Michael Edwards of Green Lifestyle Magazine points out that you can pee in the shower to save water. According to Edwards, "We bet there are plenty of guys who won't admit it, but do it every morning. If you're one of those guys, urinate with a clean eco conscience!" And others point out that you can pee in a cup or bottle and dispose of it outside. Some people even use urine as a fertilizer.
But is it legal? According to the experts, public urination laws are primarily governed by state and local laws, and these vary by jurisdiction. You could get charged with indecent exposure or indecency.
So do we suggest guerilla gardening in the nude? No (let's leave the nudity to PETA). But do we suggest you pluck a piece of stray fruit in a communal space? It's up to your green conscious to decide.


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300+ Rentals · Ridgway
300+ Rentals · Ridgway
Come to our mountains and let us spoil you! A comfortable, quiet queen room with views of the San Juans. Come see why our guests rave about the views, especially from our hot tub at night. Locally sourced gourmet breakfast included. Learn More
Summer is in full-on sizzle in the San Juans! The snow-melt has provided an abundance of wildflowers, and the jeep and hiking trails are at their peak. This lovely timbered home is nestled at the foot of Log Hill Mesa at 7,000 ft. in the foothills of the dramatic San Juan Mountains, easily the most scenic area of Colorado. The home has 360 degree views of many fourteeners in the Cimarron Range and the Mt. Sneffels Range, plus lake and mesa views. The two available 2nd floor rooms are a ...
The guest cottage is a newly finished retreat, separate from the main residence. 450 sq ft studio designed to comfortably accommodate two quests. We are located 2 blocks from Historic District with restaurants, brewpub, historic theater & Park. Learn More
The guest cottage is a newly finished retreat, separate from the main residence, nestled in three old growth lots in the Historic Residential District of Ridgway. Completed in August 2012, it was designed to compliment the owners stone house built in 1992 that is featured in Shelter Magazine, summer edition 2011. 450 sq ft studio designed to comfortably accommodate two guests. Very well designed small kitchen includes refrigerator, toaster...
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A fun cabin on a horse sanctuary. My horses range in age from 6 to 33. Some have been rescued from abusive situations. Some have worked hard in therapy programs and are retired now. All are very loving. I am an artist and a compassionate horse lover. Learn More
Art Studio/Cabin on a horse sanctuary. A very cozy 500 Square foot space with full bathroom, kitchen, bedroom and living room/dining room. Equipped with washer/dryer, shower and tub, and wi-fi. This cabin will accommodate 4 people, depending on sleeping arrangements. Original artwork hangs throughout the cabin. It is situated on horse property where senior horses roam the pasture. Lots of old trees on the property with a great view of the San Juans and Cimarron mountains. Chimney Peak...
The view of the San Juan Mountains is breathtaking from our house... 4 acres, 2 miles from town. This listing is for the room with a queen sized bed; one of 3 rooms available to rent. Each room has a private bath and an adjoining family room to share. Learn More
Ouray County is the jeep capital of the world. Hike, bike, boat, fly or shore fish, raft, golf, winter ice climbing, x-c skiing or ski Telluride. Take a hot air balloon ride or soak in one of two hot springs. John Wayne's "True Grit" movie was filmed in Ridgway. Dennis Weaver of Duel, Gunsmoke & McCLoud fame called Ridgway home. See his Memorial Park. Stop and see our Railroad Museum with the Galloping Geese. Our home is a 2-story log house with 3 guest bedrooms and 3 baths. Guest r...
Enjoy the peaceful, amazing views from the outdoor sofas or gaze at the Milky Way by the fire pit at night! Learn More
Relax and enjoy views of the San Juan mountain range from our cozy guest house. It is located a mile and a half from the town of Ridgway on a scenic and quiet county road. This studio apartment is above our detached garage and provides a private and relaxing place to unwind after enjoying the local area. The apartment has one bathroom and sleeps 5 comfortably. The kitchenette includes a microwave, toaster oven, mini fridge and a hot plate burner. A wood burning stove and balcony add to...
Nestled in the heart of Ridgway, two blocks from the Historic District, as seen in the iconic movie TRUE GRIT. Cozy upstairs, sunny bedroom with bathroom and deck. Stunning views of the Cimarrons and Mt. Sneffles. World class skiing, climbing, biking, hiking nearby! Learn More
Fall will soon be here. When trees start to change their color, it is a sight to see. Remind the family or friends of Priscilla's Airbnb...Walking distance to the local's favorite restaurants, including Kate's Place (voted best breakfast and lunch), Thai Paradise, Cimarron Books and Coffee (for that mid afternoon latte), and Adobe Inn for fine mexican food. Plus CO BOY, our local brewery, gourmet pizza, and salads It's fun to get out in our beautiful parks and mountain trails or just t...
New, private upstairs apartment 3 blocks from downtown Ridgway. Quaint little town w/beautiful surroundings. Walk to everything. Complete w/all the necessities for a comfortable stay. Perfect for 2 adults, 2 teenagers or younger, but would welcome 4 adults. Learn More
1 queen bed & 1 fold down couch that is perfect for 2 kids. Kitchen includes: micro, coffee maker, hot plate for cooking, crockpot, hot air popcorn popper, fridge & freezer. Towels, sheets, shampoo, soap, blow dryer, t.p. & kitchen dishes provided. Access to apt is private with combo keypad. Available for use: bbq grill, any size cooler, picnic blankets, folding chairs bike, raft & S.U.P. rentals within walking distance We're available for tips on where to go & what to see. If there is ...
Our three bedroom cozy house is located on a quiet street in the center of Ridgway. A block away from Colorado Boy Brewery for delicious pizza's, salads, and beers and Kates Place for a hearty breakfast. Enjoy our gourmet kitchen and large hot tub/fenced front and back yard. Learn More
Warm and cozy get away half way between two amazing ski resorts, Telluride and Silverton. The best of groomed runs in Telluride and backcountry extreme at Red Mountain Pass & Silverton. Orvis Hot Springs is a 5 minute drive and Ouray Hot Springs is a 20 minute drive. Summer time local mountain biking and hiking trails just steps away. As well as Paddle boarding and kayaking at Ridgway State Park Reservoir. And don't miss out on the June and July, Thursday night summer concert series i...
Brand new! Our beautiful home, with an open floor plan and decks facing the San Juans, offers a peaceful, luxurious haven in the heart of the Rockies--just a 5-minute walk to downtown. Restaurants, shopping, hiking, and winter sports at your door. Learn More
Close to town but facing the mountains and community park, this airy, spacious home combines all the luxuries of the new with the rustic beauty of the San Juans. Ridgway's huge soccer field and tennis courts are steps away. Eco-friendly solar panels and LED lights. But probably the best features are the huge windows with spectacular views of the mountains to the east and south! You will have the entire upstairs living room, kitchen, two bedrooms and two full baths to yourself, plus the do...
NOW ENJOY YOUR OWN PRIVATE SPA! A truly quiet and relaxing space to enjoy the beauty of the San Juan Mountains. We call our little slice of paradise "Pie in the Sky", at 8,000 ft. a great spot to relax before and after a day of adventure. Learn More
You will have a private entrance and outdoor seating area, NOW WITH YOUR OWN SPA, full private bath, mini fridge and microwave for snacks, complimentary continental breakfast. Newly remodeled space with sitting room and separate large bedroom with comfy queen-sized bed. This accommodation is on the walk out level of our home so access is easy. Amenities include: coffeemaker, free WiFi, DISH, DVD player, HDTV. Your hosts are very knowledgeable about the area and will keep you busy with l...
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This beautiful vacation rental has spectacular views of the Cimarron and San Juan Mountains. This is a fully furnished mountain retreat with everything you will need from cozy beds to wireless internet. Walking distance to town! Learn More
This mountain retreat is located on a 20 acre horse farm. Set above the town of Ridgway, it has the best view of the San Juan Mountains! Private road, plenty of parking with an attached garage. Firewood provided for the living room fireplace. Cozy, clean and affordable. Washer, dryer, stove, refrigerator, microwave, toaster, blender, double oven, cook ware, dishes, coffee, creamer, sugars. Flat screen TV, Video Library, high speed fiber optic wireless internet, games, books and more. G...
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Stunning view of the San Juans, our home is conveniently located with easy access to 550, 2 miles from town. We are animal friendly, having a dog, cat & llamas. We are happy to have families or groups. 3 rooms are available. Rate is $75 per night for room with king size bed.. See our other 2 listings. Ouray County is the jeep capital of the world. Hike, bike, zip-line, use the hot springs, boat, fly or shore fish, raft, golf or enjoy winter ice climbing, x-c skiing or ski Telluride. John W...
A large sunny room with amazing mountain views and its own private balcony. Come see why our guests rave about our views, especially at night from our hot tub. Full gourmet breakfast included! Most of our food is locally sourced and organic. Learn More
Summer is in full-on sizzle in the San Juans! The snow melt has provided an abundance of wildflowers, and our jeeping and hiking trails are at their peak. The Twin Spruce room (2nd flr.) in this rustic retreat has a private bath and a guest laundry. There's a private balcony with a fantastic 180 view of the Mt. Sneffels Range and Dallas Divide, and you have exclusive use of the living room with its stellar views of the San Juans! Please be aware that we have two listings: The True Grit...
This newly renovated, ground floor suite is located in town on a quiet corner lot, is easy walking distance to locals' favorite hangouts, and minutes from any outdoor adventure you seek. Learn More
This suite features a queen bed with quality linens, new full-size sofa sleeper, spacious bathroom with soaking tub, complete well-equipped kitchen, washer/dryer, in floor heating, high speed Wi-Fi, and a library stocked with intriguing reads. Gourmet coffee and teas provided to jumpstart your morning. South facing windows let in warm sunlight and a canopy of backyard trees, creating a peaceful ambience in this well appointed space. An outdoor sitting area off the private east entrance offe...
The view of the San Juan Mountains is breathtaking from our house...4 acres, 2 miles from town. This listing is for the room with two twin beds; one of 3 rooms available to rent. Each room has a private bath and an adjoining family room to share. Learn More
Ouray County is the jeep capital of the world. Hike, bike, boat, fly or shore fish, raft, golf, winter ice climb, x-c skiing or ski Telluride. Take a hot air balloon ride or soak in one of two hot springs. John Wayne's "True Grit" movie was filmed in Ridgway. Dennis Weaver of Duel, Gunsmoke & MCCloud fame called Ridgway home. See his Memorial Park. Stop and see our Railroad Museum with the Galloping Goose. Our home is a 2-story log house with 3 guest bedrooms and 3 baths. Guest ro...
You will enjoy a private escape with beautiful mountain views in this sunny vintage country cottage. Though in a rural setting, the owners live in close proximity and are available to assist with your needs. Learn More
We are located 2 miles south of Ridgway and 8.5 miles north of Ouray and the hot springs pool. The property is situated along the Uncompahgre River. Guests have access to a large yard and house. A pet is allowed by special written agreement with the owner. There is a $5 per night additional charge to include a pet in your reservation. We like to allow guests the peace and privacy they deserve while on vacation. We are available to respond as quickly as possible to questions or con...
Ridgway Lofts located in downtown historic Ridgway in the beautiful Silver San Juan bldg offers luxurious yet simple lodging for the Ouray, Telluride and Ridgway area. Full kitchens, fluffy beds and modern touches make it a nice place to stay. welcome! Learn More
Loft living comforts in the mountains of SW Colorado. World class climbing, ice climbing park, skiing, biking, fishing, hunting, camping all at your fingertips. Ridgway's only downtown lodging in the heart of the historic business district. Walk to all the local hotspots. Enjoy artisanal tacos and shop for local art right downstairs. Guests have access to washer and dryer. Local massage therapists and a natural cutting edge skin care studio are available for appts. we stay out of your w...
This comfortable welcoming condo in the Mountains of Southwest Colorado is perfect for the outdoor enthusiast. Outdoor activities and breath taking landscapes surround this beautiful home. Relax in our local hot springs. Enjoy the enchantment! Learn More
Vacation Home in Beautiful South West, Colorado in the town of Ridgway, Colorado, a stop on the most spectacular scenic by-way of the South West, in the heart of the San Juan Mountains. 2 Bedroom 2 Bath newer condo, comfortably and elegantly furnished, walk to historic down town. Quiet upper level unit, vaulted ceiling, furnished with linens, dishes, washer/dryer, covered parking, exterior deck with grille. Internet and Cable TV included. Ridgway has many outdoor activities for a great s...
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There were some stirring Comments on yesterday's 'Lunch - The Olive Baboon', thank you all. Thanks for all your Votes, too - and a very special Thank You to Fred, for the gratefully received User Award. Oh, and commiserations to CarolG, who gracefully endured her views of our Olive Baboons - or "baaabooons", as Keith recalled an American narrator describing them...!
Mick touched on my narrative on Kenya, referring to the violence and corruption, saying "man can be the worst species on Earth". This reminded me of an article I read in the local newspaper this morning, about a disabled woman and her young family being thrown off the land handed down to her by her deceased husband. The law is being changed, but women are not allowed to own land in Kenya - and a rich Mombasa businessman had applied for and received, the documents to the land - and sent his hoodlums round to turf her out of the house she had lived in for over 20 years. I agree with you wholeheartedly, Mick.... Gosh, I'm a bundle of laughs today...
I love all your amusing Comments and Andy made me smile, when he said Monkeys "remind me of many people I have met over the years..." Of course, Jeff's legendary one liners always make me smile "I'm not a vegetarian and I would need my fruit hand-picked by Nigella Lawson". With my luck in life, Jeff, had I been born as one of her triplets, I would have been the one on the bottle..
Today's 'Lunch'
I think that one of the prettiest birds in Kenya is the Egyptian Goose. Usually seen in pairs, who bond for life, they are a very noisy bird, especially when defending their territory. They are so named, because they were sacred to the early Egyptians and appear in many artefacts. Quite a large bird, at 28" (70cm) long, they are a little ungainly in flight and are thus named a Goose, rather than a Duck and, when in flight, their very white wing feathers are exposed.
Have a Wonderous Wednesday, everyone ...!
|Canon EOS 5D MkIII
|EF300mm f/2.8L IS USM
|Recording media:
|RAW (digital)
|Date Taken:
|1 Feb 2014 - 4:50 PM
|Focal Length:
|Lens Max Aperture:
|Shutter Speed:
|Exposure Comp:
|Exposure Mode:
|Metering Mode:
|Off, Did not fire
|White Balance:
|Lunch 67
|12 Feb 2014 - 2:44 AM
|Eating, Egyptian goose, Lunch, Nairobi National Park, Wildlife / nature
|VS Mode Rating
100 (50% won)
These stats show the percentage of wins and the rating score that your photo has achieved. You can go to the VS Mode by clicking on this icon.
Signup to PlusBecome a plus member to see which photo this has won or lost against in the vs mode
|Chinga · gwynn56 · Bantu · nonur · bobsblues · LynneJoyce · CarolG · ugly · cats_123 · JohnoP · Caziwinkles · Mike_Young · NaturesHaven · M_squared · Badgerfred · viscostatic · Maiwand · DicksPics · PhilT2 · Alan_Baseley · pentaxpatty · ali63 · kathrynlouise · mex · NDODS · mikbee · georgiepoolie · Fred263 · Glostopcat · GeorgePlatis · Myathebirdwatcher999 · jaktis · 213hardy · AnnaBanana · Holmewood · dark_lord · nrzam · leontari · alligatorpants · Lynniesefforts · BIGRY1 ·
|Unique Views:
|Variant - Report
Nominating Constructive Critique
Nominating Constructive Critique
Nominating Constructive Critique
Two very nice, natural captures of this handsome beast. I love the eye boggling feather patterns on the sides and underside of the bird.
Your story of the sexist laws in Kenya and the horrific tale of the disabled lady being thrown out of her home have made me strike it off my 'must visit' list until this is rectified. It is a bit of a futile, principled stance as I can't afford to visit anyway, but I am good at futile, principled stances. Saudi Arabia and the like are still stinging in the knowledge that I refuse to visit them!
Nominating Constructive Critique
Nominating Constructive Critique
Nominating Constructive Critique
They may be an attractive bird Simon, but they make the most awful racket when they open their beaks. We have a growing feral population here in Southern England, I just hope they don't prove to be too successful.
A couple of splendid shots though, like them both
Nominating Constructive Critique
Beautiful bird Simon, two fine images with nice detail,
Nominating Constructive Critique
Nice plumage, shame about the face. Great photos though Simon and certainly caught eating lunch.
Nominating Constructive Critique
Nominating Constructive Critique
Great photos once again Simon, and interesting info about the people in Kenya, how awful that woman cant own land, I am always interested to read about other peoples lives.
Nominating Constructive Critique
Two wonderful shots Simon but V2 for me today
Still shocking that some countries still treat women as second class citizens.
Nominating Constructive Critique
Nominating Constructive Critique
Nominating Constructive Critique
It was well worth having a gander at these two cracking images of this handsome bird, v2 is top notch, the details and colours in the plumage have been perfectly recorded
Nominating Constructive Critique
Interesting bird and wonderful captures in great detail, Simon!
Nominating Constructive Critique
Nominating Constructive Critique
Nominating Constructive Critique
Nominating Constructive Critique
Two beauties Simon, a great looking bird. Awful about the lady and her land. Beggars belief!!!
Nominating Constructive Critique
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Product Number: 6396
9 Review(s)
Add Your Review
Availability: In stock
9 People have reviewed this product
Overall Rating: 3.7
Nice Test Jar
Review by Rila
(Posted on 1/16/14)
Product Rating:
This is a nice test jar. It is made of thick glass and doesn't seem fragile to me, like some reviewers have said. I am sure it will break if dropped on a hard surface, but if you use reasonable care, this jar should last a long time. Do NOT trust the plastic holder though! If you tip the jar upside down, holding only the base, it is likely to fall out and might break. I put a small circle of Velcro on the bottom of the jar and the base to hold it securely in place. This also lets you align the jar perfectly vertical for easy reading.
Glass is Great
Review by Adam
(Posted on 3/5/13)
Glass is so much better than plastic. You need to be very careful when handling it though.
Great with some modifications!
Review by Vern G
(Posted on 1/12/13)
I have broken 2 of these........... Once being tipped over and once by dropping the Hydrometer and breaking out the bottom.. I superglued the green plastic holder to a plastic CD case which gives it much more stability and I stuffed a piece of Stainless Steel Scrub Sponge down in very bottom of Jar, thus creating nice 2 Inch 'Pillow ' in case you drop the Hydrometer too hard in the Jar.... and so far it has worked very well for me...
I Would like to see a heat-resistant borosilicate glass Jar offered as an upgrade option . This of course would be more expensive but much more durable.
its great
Review by Corey
(Posted on 11/4/12)
I just broke mine ordering a new one maybe two. it works great although it will break but i had mine for over a year i had 3 plastic ones and they were the worst things i ever purchased get the glass maybe order 2 i like to have 2 of every glass thing i buy
Would not recommend
Review by Wildcat Winemaker
(Posted on 10/11/12)
When I went to use it I found that it was cracked.Not sure if I broke it or not.Take care when putting the hydrometer in it. If I purchase another one I think the plastic model that screws off the base would be a better choice.
Great test jar
Review by Jonathan
(Posted on 7/10/12)
IMO be careful with it, but its not that fragile. Works great for what it's intended for. The glass vial fits OK in the stand, I wish it would be a bit tighter, that's my only complaint. It doesn't screw in, just slides. Overall great buy for the price, much better than plastic.
bad construction
Review by chris
(Posted on 6/23/12)
I read the other reviews before I bought it and thought - sure it's glass, of course you have to handle with care! No, there is more to the comments. It broke within a week... I think the green plastic base is too light not wide enough, hence the whole thing is very unstable. Also the glass doesn't have any 'bounce' to it like other lab-ware or wine glasses. It breaks even when tipping on a kitchen towel. Look for an alternative.
Review by jim
(Posted on 5/26/12)
My own fault ,I bumped it while putting it down an broke the bottom of the glass. VERY fragile. Handle with care. I'm ordering a plastic one this time.
Works well
Review by NEW_AA
(Posted on 3/22/12)
Works really well for taking AC readings - be careful using this - if you are having a home brew. It is glas and will break if you push it over.
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Midwest Supplies is the largest wine making and home brew supply shop in America and was voted the Twin Cities Best Homebrewing Supplies shop for 2012. Since 1995 we have been providing home brewers and winemakers with quality home brewing and wine making equipment, fresh ingredients and outstanding customer service. Whether you're new to brewing, a weekend vintner or a master of all things fermented, we've got all the wine and beer making equipment and ingredients you need. Midwest Supplies has more hundreds of beer recipe kits to brew and over 130 wine ingredient kits to choose from. We are proud of our wide selection and the high quality of the thousands of products we offer. To make your home beer brewing and wine making easy, we offer free instructional videos with any purchase. Open 7 days a week, our knowledgeable and super friendly staff of brewers and wine makers are always available to answer your questions about home beer brewing or wine making and help you make the best wine and beer. We offer a 30 day money back guarantee for all products.


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Clearing Up The Confusion Over Posterior Tibial Tendon Dysfunction
Virtually every foot and ankle surgical symposium held in the United States over the past five years has devoted significant sessions to the pathomechanics, surgical and non-surgical treatment of the symptomatic adult flatfoot condition. Unfortunately, the popular name for this condition, posterior tibial tendon dysfunction (PTTD), reinforces a generally accepted notion that a failure of the posterior tibial tendon (PTT) is the primary etiology of the symptomatic adult acquired flatfoot deformity.
However, there has been recent evidence to the contrary that would, at least, caution us about placing total blame on an attenuated or ruptured posterior tibial tendon as the cause of the painful flatfoot condition. The implications of these recent insights are significant to the degree that we must modify surgical and non-surgical treatment plans accordingly.
Early reports linking a relationship between a ruptured PTT and the developmental flatfoot first appeared in the orthopedic literature during the '50s. However, these appeared to be rare, isolated cases.
Documentation of a developmental flatfoot deformity in an adult patient population (secondary to rupture of the tibialis posterior tendon) appeared several times in the orthopedic literature during 1982 and 1983 (Mann and Specht, Jahss, Johnson). The first report of this condition in the podiatric literature was published by Fredenburg in the Journal of Foot Surgery in 1983. During the next two decades, a virtual epidemic of painful adult flatfeet (secondary to attenuation or rupture of the PTT) was reported in the medical literature. At the same time, numerous theories were proposed regarding the etiology and pathomechanics of this complex condition.
What The Literature Reveals About Causative Factors Of PTTD
Several investigators (Ghormley, Anzel, Kettlekamp, Downey) have linked PTTD to rheumatoid arthritis. Myerson has found a subgroup of patients with seronegative spondyloarthropathy. Other authors have dispelled any link between collagen vascular disease and PTTD.
An oft-quoted 1992 study from Holmes and Mann found that 52 percent of patients with the adult acquired flatfoot secondary to PTTD had either diabetes mellitus, hypertension or obesity.
In 1984, Mueller categorized posterior tibial tendon ruptures into three etiologic categories: direct injury, pathologic rupture and idiopathic rupture. Seven years later, Mueller proposed a fourth category, "functional rupture," which would describe patients who didn't have complete rupture of the posterior tibial tendon.
Clearly, during the past two decades, the majority of authors writing about symptomatic adult acquired flatfoot have described an insidious onset of tendinitis symptoms associated with the PTT that progress to attenuation or "dysfunction" of the tendon, and subsequently lead to complete rupture. During this evolution, they noted the affected foot was undergoing a progressive alignment change that lead to significant flatfoot deformity.
In 1989, Johnson and Strom proposed classifying PTTD into three stages, linking tendon pathology to clinical presentation and radiographic findings. Myerson added a fourth stage later. Currently, this classification system remains the most often quoted system in the literature (see "How To Classify Posterior Tibial Tendon Dysfunction").
Is The Current Classification Too Broad?
The Johnson and Strom classification attributes the progressive adult acquired flatfoot to gradual attenuation and subsequent rupture of the posterior tibial tendon. However, it ignores other structural changes, specifically ligamentous attenuation, that I will discuss later in this article.
More often than not, these patients will come into your office, already presenting with Stage II of posterior tibial dysfunction. The Stage II category is too broad in that it encompasses the broad range of a flexible flatfoot, beginning with early attenuation and structural change through progressive ligamentous rupture, rearfoot and midfoot collapse, and finally ending in the rigidity which marks Stage III.
In my opinion, there should be subcategories of Stage II, based upon levels of ligamentous attenuation and degree of deformity. Clearly, there are non-operative and operative interventions better suited for "early" Stage II than "late" Stage II conditions.
Understand The Nuances Of The Posterior Tibial Tendon And Tibialis Posterior Muscle
Failure of the PTT has been almost universally linked to the progressive symptomatic adult-acquired flatfoot syndrome. However, be aware that knowledge of the true function of the tibialis posterior muscle remains obscure despite considerable research over the past two decades.
What we do know is that the tibialis posterior muscle and the PTT have the strongest lever-arm for developing supination moment about the subtalar joint axis. The PTT also crosses the oblique midtarsal joint axis, but no one has conducted measurements of moment on this joint.
The insertion of the PTT on the navicular is intimately involved with the spring ligament complex to prevent plantar-medial migration of the talus head during pronation of the rearfoot complex. Stabilizing the talonavicular portion of the midtarsal joint is probably the most important function of the PTT. Distal insertions of the tibialis posterior tendon into the lesser tarsus and metatarsals provide ligamentous stability to the midfoot and assist with compression and locking of the midtarsal joint.
In regard to the tibialis posterior muscle, there is a prevalent misconception that this muscle actually supinates the foot during the stance phase of gait. Recent evidence has indicated that the human foot does not actually "supinate" until shortly before heel-rise.
At this time, the tibialis posterior muscle has already finished providing its most important function: restraining internal rotation of the tibia during the contact phase of gait and stabilizing the midtarsal joint during midstance. This restraint and stabilization occurs through eccentric contractions for which the tibialis posterior muscle is ideally designed.
Actually, the tibialis posterior muscle has minimal ability to actively shorten, contract and supinate. However, the muscle does resist elongation while contracting eccentrically and provides necessary resistance to considerable internal rotation and pronatory forces imposed on the foot by the tibia.
There is very little evidence that the PTT has a direct arch supporting function. Conversely, the plantar fascia has a three-fold greater arch-supporting function than the PTT. Therefore, when we see arch collapse in the progressive adult-acquired flatfoot, we must attribute it to the loss of other structures besides the PTT.
Why A PTT Rupture Isn't The Sole Cause Of Adult Flatfoot
Deland, et. al., evaluated cadaver models that were subjected to axial loads and attempted to reproduce the adult acquired flatfoot by severing the tibialis posterior tendon. When they simply cut the PTT and applied axial load, they saw minimal arch collapse or valgus rotation of the hindfoot. These researchers had to sever the spring ligament complex, plantar aponeurosis, deltoid ligament, talocalcaneal ligament, long and short plantar ligament, and medial calcaneal-cuboid ligament in order to accomplish significant collapse of the hindfoot and midfoot as you would see in Stage II and Stage III PTTD deformities.
Earlier this year, Chu and Myerson, in their own cadaver studies, also could not create the experimental flatfoot by simply cutting the PTT. They had to sever the spring ligament and plantar fascia in order to re-create the deformity.
The lesson is simple: The adult acquired flatfoot is not caused by a simple rupture of the PTT alone. Numerous significant ligaments must also attenuate and rupture in order for the human foot to assume the alignment you would commonly see in Stage II and Stage III deformities.
Performing A Surgical Transfer Of The PTT: Will The Foot Collapse?
Two surgical studies have been conducted on patients who had a PTT transfer and did not subsequently develop the adult-acquired flatfoot deformity. In a series of 10 patients suffering a traumatic common peroneal nerve palsy, Mizel et. al., followed the patients after they underwent an anterior transfer of the PTT to the midfoot. After a 75-month follow-up, none of the patients exhibited arch contour loss and none of them developed a valgus hindfoot. Mizel concluded that the absence of a functioning peroneus brevis accounted for the failure of these feet to progress to a flatfoot deformity void of a functioning PTT.
A fascinating counterpoint theory was proposed this year by Yeap et. al.. They followed a group of 17 patients, who had received a PTT transfer to treat a dropfoot condition. These patients had Grade 4-5 eversion strength of the peroneus brevis so you would expect them to progressively develop a flatfoot deformity.
However, after a five-year follow-up, none of the patients had a clinical flatfoot deformity. Only 6 percent showed any significant forefoot abduction. Eighty-two percent could perform a single heel rise, despite the absence of an intact PTT.
Yeap et. al., concluded: "The development of a flatfoot in tibialis posterior tendon dysfunction is therefore unlikely to be the result of lack of 'sling' support of the medial longitudinal arch from the tibialis posterior tendon only."
These investigators suggested that the adult acquired flatfoot is the result of complex biomechanical aberrations in the foot and ankle that ultimately cause overload on the PTT during life. Ideally, we need to correct these poorly understood biomechanical abnormalities before the PTT ruptures.
Raising Questions About A Pre-Existing Flatfoot Deformity
Many authorities have linked the presence of a pre-existing flatfoot in patients developing PTTD. In his 1991 series, Jahss found a pre-existing flatfoot in 100 percent of patients with PTTD.
It is commonly reported in the literature that most patients with various stages of PTTD have an asymptomatic flatfoot on the contralateral side. This makes side-to-side radiographic interpretation difficult as both feet will appear abnormal in terms of radiographic alignment of the rearfoot. What has not been answered by any investigator, thus far, is why only one foot breaks down and begins following the progressive cascade of events leading to the symptomatic adult-acquired flatfoot.
These insights into the etiology of the adult acquired flatfoot should change our approach in selecting non-operative and operative interventions.
About 10 years ago, performing a direct transfer of the flexor digitorum longus tendon to the navicular was a popular surgical procedure for correcting painful adult flatfoot (secondary to PTTD). While initial reports by Johnson and Mann on this procedure were quite promising, a follow-up survey of patients (published by Sobel in 1993) showed a 50 percent failure rate of the flexor digitorum longus transfer to the navicular among patients with Stage II PTTD.
Clearly, the evidence in subsequent years has validated the fact that, unless you address the underlying biomechanical abnormality, surgically replacing the damaged PTT is doomed to failure.
Correcting the pre-existing flatfoot deformity appears to be the most reasonable surgical approach to providing long-term favorable outcomes. However, as I've discussed, there is no consensus on the primary biomechanical deformity or force that causes the cascade of events leading to collapse of the foot. Is the primary deformity in the transverse plane? Should we correct the calcaneus through frontal plane and transverse plane repositioning (i.e., medial displacement calcaneal osteotomy)? Or should we aim the surgical approach at the midtarsal joint with a calcaneal lengthening procedure (i.e., Evans osteotomy)? These questions continue to be debated in the literature and at surgical symposia throughout the country.
How Do Researchers Feel About Using Conservative Measures?
Non-operative interventions give us the greatest opportunity for applying new insights into the pathomechanics of the adult-acquired flatfoot. In 1985, Mann and Thompson advocated repairing or reconstructing the damaged PTT since conservative interventions were largely disappointing.
However, in 1996, Chao et. al., published the results of a prospective study that evaluated 49 patients with Stage II and Stage III PTTD. With a mean follow-up of 20 months, researchers found that out of 40 patients using an ankle foot orthosis (AFO), 67 percent had good to excellent results. Thirty-three percent had stopped using the AFO and had remained asymptomatic for over six months. Indeed, an AFO appeared to offer a much greater opportunity for successful treatment than traditional foot orthoses that had been used in the past.
Keep in mind that functional foot orthotics rely on ligamentous integrity between the bones of the feet to direct ground reaction forces and initiate movement transfer between the major pedal joints. In treating PTTD, DPMs commonly modify the heel cup of the orthotic to direct ground reaction forces medial to the axis of the subtalar joint. This notion is based upon the fact that the subtalar joint will have a profound influence on the remainder of the rearfoot and forefoot in terms of providing stability. More importantly, it is based upon the fact that the calcaneus is directly coupled to the rearfoot complex, which includes the midtarsal, subtalar and ankle joints.
In a 1995 study, Hintermann, Sommer and Nigg demonstrated in a cadaver study that the foot becomes mechanically disconnected from the tibia after you transect the deltoid ligament. They found that it becomes even further disconnected after you transect the interosseous talocalcaneal ligament. Both of these ligaments are attenuated or ruptured by end-stage II PTTD. Therefore, you lose movement transfer between the calcaneus and the leg after such ligamentous attenuation.
It would appear reasonable to assume that the only chance of assuring coupling between the tibia and the rearfoot complex is by using an AFO that applies forces both above and below the essential joints of the rearfoot complex itself.
Testing For Ligamentous Integrity
A traditional functional foot orthosis relies on the direction or re-direction of ground reaction forces through the plantar surface of the foot, and then relies on ligamentous integrity to affect transfer of moment or movement within the pedal joints. In the Stage II adult-acquired flatfoot, you'll often find ligamentous attenuation. Therefore, you need to determine which patients in Stage II PTTD are candidates for traditional functional foot orthosis therapy and which patients are better off with AFO therapy.
In order to determine ligamentous integrity and the presence of movement transfer mechanisms within the foot of a patient diagnosed with Stage II PTTD, there are two reliable tests you can use. The first test, the "first metatarsal rise," was described and published by Hintermann in 1996. With this test, you have patients sit on the edge of the examination table with their feet partially weightbearing on the floor and knees flexed to 90º. Then you externally rotate the leg or invert the heel of the affected foot.
When the first metatarsal rises off the supportive surface, your patient has TPPD and a loss of ligamentous integrity. When the ligaments are intact, this same maneuver will simply raise the arch of the foot while supinating the subtalar joint, and the first metatarsal will remain on the supportive surface through tensioning of the long and short plantar ligaments.
The second test is the familiar Hubscher maneuver. As your weightbearing patient is in a relaxed stance, passively dorsiflex the hallux to end range of motion. This activates the windlass mechanism and, through movement transfer, plantarflexes the first ray, and supinates both the subtalar joint and the midtarsal joint. Effective ligamentous integrity and movement transfer will cause a one to one external rotation of the tibia as you passively dorsiflex the hallux.
On the other hand, if you passively dorsiflex the hallux and you see no effective external rotation of the tibia or raising of the medial arch, you can presume there is a significant loss of ligamentous integrity in the rearfoot and midfoot. Be aware that, in this situation, a traditional functional foot orthosis will fail to control pronation moments applied to the rearfoot complex.
Key Orthotic Pointers For Treating PTTD
If your patient has had ligamentous disruption and loss of movement transfer through the midfoot and rearfoot, you should emphasize an AFO to treat the symptoms and prevent progression of the deformity. There are several ways that AFOs differ from traditional foot orthoses in terms of their ability to control lower extremity forces and movements (see the table on page 44).
In Stage II and Stage III PTTD, the tibia becomes a dominant lever, conveying the massive body weight through a long lever into the shorter lever, known as the foot. By controlling sagittal plane and transverse plane rotation of the tibia, the powerful force can be applied above the axis of both the subtalar and midtarsal joints while still combining the benefits of a traditional functional foot orthosis below these axes.
In addition, AFOs enable you to control the foot through the swing phase of gait. With an unopposed peroneus brevis muscle, the dysfunctional PTT foot will function in a markedly everted position during the swing phase of gait and will be placed in an abnormal severely everted position at the moment of foot strike. At this point, no traditional functional foot orthosis can redirect forces adequately to the joints of the rearfoot complex.
When patients have early Stage II PTTD, using traditional foot orthoses is clearly indicated as they can help you decrease pain, improve mobility and prevent further deformity. When you institute functional foot orthotic therapy or AFO therapy in managing any stage of PTTD, the role of adequate foot wear cannot be over-emphasized. Your patient must be willing to make a lifetime commitment to using lace-up, Oxford-style shoes with deep, stable heel counters, slight heel elevation and a stable shank through the midfoot. Many "motion-control" running shoes will meet these criteria.
You can also use functional foot orthoses on the contra-lateral, asymptomatic foot, which is at risk for developing PTTD. Although there are no published studies to validate the preventive benefits of orthoses and shoes for the development of PTTD, there appears to be a common sense notion that you proceed with this intervention for patients at risk.
When you're using AFO therapy to treat patients with late Stage II and Stage III PTTD, it's important to remind patients that using an AFO may not be a lifetime commitment. In my experience and the aforementioned Chao study, one-third of patients receiving an AFO for Stage II PTTD will be able to discontinue using their brace after one year of treatment.
These patients can progress to a traditional functional foot orthotic coupled with appropriate footwear and remain asymptomatic for several years, if not a lifetime. This may be due to the fact that foot and ankle ligamentous structures will heal when you've properly braced the affected joints. You'll see that this lesson is reinforced when you're treating patients who suffer lateral collateral ankle ligamentous injuries.
However, in the case of PTTD, you must address the biomechanical forces and the acquired flatfoot deformity with aggressive functional orthotic therapy and appropriate footwear if there is any hope of keeping the condition in an asymptomatic, non-progressive state.
Final Notes
Clearly, the adult-acquired flatfoot, secondary to PTTD, has an etiology far more complex than a simple tendon rupture. Poorly understood biomechanical abnormalities cause extensive overload of the posterior tendon and the supportive ligaments of the rearfoot complex during the first six decades of life, ultimately leading to structural failure and progressive disability.
Questions still remain. Specifically, if nearly all patients developing a debilitating adult-acquired flatfoot deformity had a pre-existing flatfoot all of their life, could early surgical or non-surgical intervention prevent such a catastrophic event later in the patient's life? Hopefully, further research will give us better insights into this question so preventive interventions for the asymptomatic, juvenile flatfoot will become a more acceptable clinical practice.
Dr. Richie is a Director of the American Academy of Podiatric Sports Medicine.
1. Mueller TJ: Acquired flatfoot secondary to tibialis posterior dysfunction: Biomechanical aspects. J. Foot Surg. 30:2, 1991.
2. Jahss MH: Spontaneous rupture of the tibialis posterior tendon: Clinical findings, tenographic studies, and a new technique of repair. Foot and Ankle 3:158-166., 1982.
3. Jahss, MH: Tendon disorders of the foot and ankle. In Jahss MH (eds): Disorders of the Foot and Ankle. Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders, 1991, pp 1461-1513.
4. Johnson KA: Tibialis posterior tendon rupture. Clin Orthop 177:140-147, 1983.
5. Johnson KA, Strom DE: Tibialis posterior tendon dysfunction. Clin Orthop 239:196-206, 1989.
6. Mann RA: Rupture of the tibialis posterior tendon. Instr Course Lect 33:302-309, 1984.
7. Mann RA: Thompson FM: Rupture of the posterior tibial tendon causing flat foot. J Bone Joint Surg 67A:556-561, 1985.
8. Myerson M. Solomon G, Shereff M: Posterior tibial tendon dysfunction: Its association with seronegative inflammatory disease. Foot and Ankle 9:219-225, 1989.
9. Hintermann B, Gachter A: The first metatarsal rise sign: A simple, sensitive sign of tibialis posterior tendon dysfunction. Foot and Ankle 17:237, 1996.
10. Hintermann B, Nigg BM, Cole GK: The influence of selective arthrodesis on movement transfer between calcaneus and tibia in vitro. Clin Biomech 9:356-361, 1994.
11. Hintermann B, Nigg BM, Cole GK, Sommer C: The transfer of movement between tibia and calcaneus. Clin Biomech, 9:349-355, 1994.
12. Sutherland DH: An electromyographic study of the plantar flexors of the ankle in normal walking on the level. J Bone Joint Surg 48A:66, 1966.
13. Myerson MS, Corrigan J, Thompson F: Tendon transfer combined with calcaneal osteotomy for treatment of posterior tibial tendon insufficiency: A radiologic investigation. Foot and Ankle 16:712, 1995.
14. Weil Jr LS, Benton-Weil W, Borrell AH, Weil Sr LS: Outcomes for surgical correction for stages 2 and 3 tibialis posterior dysfunction. Jour Foot and Ankle surg 37:467, 1998.


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