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Making Sense of Passai (An Exploration of Origin and Style)
There are some kata that really seem to get around: Naihanchi, Sanchin, Kusanku…Seisan for sure. But among the popular kata list Passai holds a special place as there is no form more obfuscated and difficult to trace. Its name and techniques have been jumbled around, remixed, smooshed back together, and randomized for reasons that will never be entirely apparent.
If you aren't sure what I mean, check out this list of commonly practiced versions of Passai (and be ready to experience brain anger):
Matsumora Passai, Oyadomari Passai, Itosu Passai, Funakoshi Passai, Kyan Passai, Motobu Passai, Chibana Passai Dai, Chibana Passai Sho, Koryu Passai, Tawada no Passai, Ishimine no Passai, Tomari Passai, Shimpaku Passai, Ishiro Passai, Teruya Passai, Anzato Passai, Oshiro Passai, Bassai Dai, Bassai Sho, Tomari no Bassai, Gusukuma no Passai, Passai Guwa, Passai Gwa1
Believe it our not we are going to make sense out of this mess today. A lot of these uniquely named versions of Passai are very close derivations of each other. In fact, there are only a few core versions of the kata. With this article you will be able to see which lineage your version hails from and which other styles practice the same way you do.
Let's get started!
The Basics – What's in a Name?
When talking about Passai there are three different standard names you will encounter: Passai, Bassai, and Patsai. The latter version, Patsai, is really just a spelling variant of the more common Passai. When you see a "B", as in Bassai, it usually means you have encountered a Japanese version of the kata. This change was made via Funakoshi when he first brought karate north to Japan (and the change has stuck). For the purposes of this article, we will be using Passai for the Okinawan versions and Bassai for the Japanese versions.
As for the meaning of the name, little consensus has been made by researchers. The most popular interpretation often revolves around a fortress ("storming the fortress", "extracting from the fortress", "penetrating the fortress", etc.) This translation has seen widespread acceptance mostly due to its ability to aid the imagination in exploring the kata's background and function. Historians have been less than convinced that the fortress angle is the only possible explanation for the name:
"The name itself, Kinjo holds, actually means "Leopard-Lion," which would be pronounced "Baoshi" in Mandarin, "Baassai" in Fuzhou dialect and "Pausai" in Quanzhou dialect (Kinjo, 1999).
Other theories as to the original meaning of the name Passai include "eight fortresses" (Bishop, 1999). Noted Okinawan karate historian Tetsuhiro Hokama has even hypothesized that it might represent a personal name (Hokama, 1999). "2
Funakoshi Gichin clearly favored the fortress explanation. When changing the title to Bassai he made the connection more explicit:
"Bassai Dai literally means 'to extract and block off' but this is taken to mean 'to storm (penetrate) a fortress'. Bassai dai is one of the variations of the Passai Kata that is practiced in Shotokan Karate, normally starting at 3rd Kyu. Shotokan houses two Bassai Kata, Dai and Sho. Dai means greater while Sho means lesser or minor. Bassai Dai is often mistranslated, The first part of the name (batsu) means to extract or remove, not to penetrate. The name to Penetrate a fortress seems to be more clearly descriptive of the attitude a student should have when practicing the Kata so for my money it is an adequate translation, if not correct 100%."3
The trademark "leap or shuffle in" at the beginning of the kata lends to the story of penetrating defenses. Also, some historically minded folks enjoy the possibility that this kata could have been used by Shuri Castle guards to defend the king. These ideas are neither confirmed nor denied; they are just part of the rich tapestry of the form's past.
Origins of Passai
Passai has experienced numerous permutations throughout the generations, becoming more Okinawan and more Japanese as it has split and developed. However, when looking into its history and observing its methods a Chinese influence can clearly be seen.
Even from the earliest days of Matsumura Sokon and Teruya Kishin there has never been a single source for Passai. Its deepest stories suggest that the kata was developed as a result of Okinawans traveling to Fuzhou region in China and/or interacting with Chinese fighters already on Okinawa (think Annan). Here's a little more on the Chinese connection:
"Akio Kinjo, a respected researcher, believes that the movements of the kata also resemble the leopard boxing of China. The Leopard style uses a lot of blocking and striking while standing in a cross leg stance, for instance. He also points out that the Lion boxing style is well represented, as it holds a great deal of openhanded techniques while using a stomping action.
Among the Chinese origin theorists, some also say that this style represents the Wuxing Quan style of Kung fu, or the five element fist style, and others suggest that much like other mainstream kata, Passai was part of the Crane boxing that heavily influenced Okinawan Karate. This may seem to be a very logical conclusion as most of the Katas come from the Fukien Crane style and are forms or adaptations of forms from this style. However the Fujian white crane style influenced many Chinese styles as well as many Okinawan instructors."4
The older the version of Passai, the more Chinese connections make sense. Unfortunately we may never know the exact lineage of Passai as it is not specifically practiced in modern China.
One very important note about Okinawan culture and the proliferation of Passai: sometimes a general practice or exercise routine became widespread on the island (for example, a certain embusen or way of using the hands). If these "village patterns" looked similar to a more popular kata the practitioners might have been inclined to adopt the name of the popular kata. Therefore, some versions of Passai may have grown simply because a few practitioners were practicing Passai-like forms and needed a name for them.
The Four Passai Groups – Shuri, Tomari, Japanese, and Nakamura
Now for the main event – viewing and understanding the history of Passai! Thanks to the rise of Youtube and generous sharing by martial artists around the world we have an unprecedented ability to observe different methods of Passai and connect them together in a fine web.
We start our journey by establishing the four main development points for the kata. These four categories can be used to organize not only the methods of kata execution but also their shared lineage. Check 'em out:
* Tomari Passai – Of the three main branches of Okinawan Karate (Shuri-te, Naha-te, Tomari-te) Tomari is the least well known and preserved. A lot of Tomari history is speculation and Tomari kata are often named after the fishing village as more of an homage than an actual well-preserved connection. That being said, Passai is one of the most widespread forms with Tomari influence. The key individuals to the kata's dissemination were Matsumora Kosaku and Oyadomari Kokan who passed down their knowledge to men like Kyan Chotoku and Motobu Choki.
* Shuri Passai – Shuri is the most important Passai grouping to understand. As with most things in Shuri karate, the timeline truly kicks off with the efforts of Matsumura Sokon Bushi. Matsumura established a Passai Dai and Passai Sho from some collection of influences in China as well as the sailor Annan (perhaps). Matsumura spawned multiple lines of Passai practice including those from Itosu (leading to Chibana Chosin), Ishimine, Tawada, and Matsumura Nabe (leading to Hohan Soken). The Itosu line is also critical for the birth of the Japanese Bassai category.
* Japanese Bassai – Japan's Bassai was predominantly born of Itosu's Shuri Passai. Funakoshi Gichin and Mabuni Kenwa were responsible for the widespread dissemination of Bassai Sho and Dai. That being said, Chitose Tsuyoshi, Hayashi Teruo, and Kunibo Shogo all brought Tomari influenced versions of Passai into Japan.
* Nakamura Passai – This is the smallest branch of Passai and is mostly an offshoot of Tomari. The execution of Nakamura Passai is unique and its history is somewhat obscured. More detail will be provided later.
(psssst – want a cheat sheet while looking at different versions of Passai? click here and follow along).
Exploring Tomari Passai
Teruya Kishin (1804-1864) is considered an important patriarch for all Tomari-based karate. He was a pivotal instructor to both Matsumora Kosaku (1829-1889) and Oyadomari Kokan (1827-1905). It was through these two men that known Tomari Passai elements developed. It should also be noted that both Matsumora and Oyadomari could have received training directly from Matsumura Sokon of Shuri fame, so an intermingling of Tomari and Shuri branches is possible (which could also help explain the similar embusen and concepts)5.
Oyadomari no Passai
Oyadomari no Passai was passed down to a handful of Tomari practitioners, including Kyan Chotoku (who's own version we will observe later). Thanks to the efforts of Hiroshi Kinjo we have a preserved version of Oyadomari no Passai:
This Passai has the trademark aggressive "shuffle in" gambit at the beginning. However, one of the noteworthy Tomari flavors is the slow movement of the left foot out into cat stance at the very beginning of the kata.It also features an opening salutation of the right closed fist resting in the open left hand. Also take note of the slow rising, kusanku-like, hands occurring early in the kata.
Closely related to Oyadomari no Passai is Kyan's Passai (known simply as Passai). Kyan Chotoku had many teachers but attributed most of his Passai knowledge to Oyadomari. This was passed down to his senior students, including Shimabukuro Zenryo who gave it to his son Zenpo. Here we have Zenpo Sensei's performance:
You'll notice the same trademarks as before – salutation, left leg opening movement, and slow rising kusanku-like hands. The execution of the form beyond that is nearly identical.
Tomari Passai (Nagamine's Passai)
One of the more modern adaptation of the Oyadomari line comes from Nagamine Shoshin. Nagamine Sensei was assigned to Kadena Police Station where Kyan Chotoku was known to have taught6. Kyan Sensei often used slightly different teaching methods for the policemen compared to his private students. The reasoning for this duel-track was twofold: 1.) Police had different rules and restrictions in terms of use-of-force, and 2.) Kyan had less time to get to know and trust the policemen personally. Because of this, we see the "Tomari Passai" from Nagamine Sensei as similar but slightly different than the previous two Oyadomari-based versions:
One of the most notable differences in this version is the addition of open hand thrusting techniques on the front 45o angles. Despite that, the performance is still quite similar to Oyadomari.
Coincidentally, this is the form learned by Hayashi Teruo and Kuniba Shogo and brought to Japan as we will see later (click here to skip ahead and see the connection).
Matsumora Kosaku was one of the most important Tomari practitioners in Okinawa history and perhaps the most famous. One of his claims to fame is taking on the rambunctious Motobu Choki as a student. Motobu had multiple teachers but attributed his Passai to Matsumora7. Motobu in turn taught multiple individuals including Nakama Chozo who passed the form on to Shimabukuro Zenpo:
It should be noted that this kata contains the opening left leg movement and salutation similar to Oyadomari, but conducts a sweeping downward motion as opposed to the normal augmented style attack. The form, while different than previous versions, does still contain the same basic format. We can tell this kata is a departure from Oyadomari but shares history with it.
Exploring Shuri Passai
Whenever discussing karate it's tough to avoid the impact of Matsumura Sokon. "The Bushi" got around and is attributed with infusing Chinese elements with Okinawan Te and maybe even integrating some Japanese bushido / kenjutsu ideas in the process. His impact on Passai is no less significant and the versions we will see here stem mostly from his efforts.
Passai Sho and Passai Dai (Matsumura Seito)
The easiest place to begin is with Matsumura Seito. Matsumura Sokon passed on his two Passai forms to Matsamura Nabe who in turn gave them to Soken Hohan8. This line of Passai is said to be one of the purest directly back to Matsumura with little change (although other versions make that claim also, such as Tawada no Passai). These two forms share concepts with one another but are noticeably distinct in execution. First let's observe Passai Sho:
Passai Sho
You'll notice this is not terribly different than some of the Tomari forms. The opening is quite similar and the Seito version also possesses the three double punches toward the end.
Passai Dai
The Matsumura Seito Passai Dai introduces us to the element where one hand is raised by the head while the other strikes in Shuto Uchi (knife hand). In Matsumura Seito this is done quickly, while in later Passai Dai derivations we will see this as a slower, almost lever-like motion. Passai Dai as seen here shares a similar ending with Kyan's Passai.
Another version that claims close connection to Matsumura is Tawada no Passai. Tawada Shinzaku was said to be a direct student of Matsumura and preserved this form without significant alteration. Here we see Higa Yuchoku Sensei performing the kata just a year before his passing:
It will be important to note the similarities between this performance and some of the upcoming Itosu versions via Chibana Choshin and the Japanese versions of Bassai.
Ishimine no Passai
Ishimine Peichin is another direct disciple of Matsumura, and one of the senior-most to boot. Born in 1826, he was elder to all previously mentioned disciples (although not necessarily preferred over them). Ishimine's Passai bears a striking resemblance to Tawada no Passai and the upcoming Passai Dai of Itosu Anko:
You'll notice toward the end a sequence similar to Tawada – the foot slap, followed by hand stacking, followed by triple striking, ended by two middle blocks and two scans out to the left and right.
Passai Sho and Dai (Itosu and Chibana)
One of the most important sets of Passai Sho and Dai is the pair established by Itosu Anko. Itosu was a senior student of Matsumura Sokon but also a big time mover and shaker in the martial arts world. He co-mingled with individuals of every style and spearheaded the transition of karate as a secret backyard art into one integrated in both Japanese and Okinawan school systems. Because of Itosu's penchant for innovation, and also his desire to see"sanitized" kata fit into the school systems, we start to see some changes here from other versions of Passai. We will focus on Itosu's impact on Okinawa first and then jump to the Japanese versions in a moment.
Chibana Chosin's Passai Sho (aka Itosu's Passai Dai, aka Itosu Passai, aka Bassai Dai)
Chibana Sensei is one of the most important practitioners for the spread of Passai, but he also helped to make it confusing. I'll allow noted researcher Joe Swift to explain:
"Itosu Anko taught versions of Passai in his physical education version of "toudi" and these were designated as Dai and Sho. Chibana Choshin was a direct student of Itosu, and also taught a Passai Dai and Sho. However, these are different. What seems to have happened, is that Chibana had learned a third version of Passai from his relative Bushi Tawada, who was a direct student of Matsumura Sokon. According to direct Chibana student Murakami Katsumi, when Chibana showed this version (sometimes called the Tawada-ha Matsumura no Passai) to Itosu, Itosu had told him that he had never seen anyone perform that particular kata as well as Chibana, and that he should preserve it.
So what had happened, is that Chibana kept this Passai and called it Passai Dai, and relagated Itosu's Passai Dai to the position of Passai Sho. This left the "other" Passai Sho in limbo…
The "other Passai Sho" is none other than the so-called "Koryu Passai" or "Passai Gwa" that is practiced in some Chibana lineage sects of Shorin. I think that Miyahira had learned this particular version from Gusukuma Shinpan (another direct Itosu student) and this is where the Gusukuma lineage came into being in that tradition."9
So to clarify – the Tawada no Passai we discussed earlier came down to Chibana. He titled that kata Passai Dai. He then moved the Passai Dai of Itosu up to Passai Sho, kicking Itosu's Passai Sho off the cliff until it was recovered and renamed Koryu Passai.
Get it? Watch Passai Sho (Itosu's Passai Dai):
Since this kata was originally Itosu's Passai Dai and Chibana Sensei renamed it Passai Sho it is sometimes simply referred to as Itosu Passai.
Chibana Chosin's Passai Dai (aka Tawada no Passai, aka Matsumura no Passai)
Chibana Sensei received the Tawada no Passai kata and integrated it into his art, calling it Passai Dai. Since this one was from Tawada and is said to have experienced little change from Matsumura it is sometimes referred to as Matsumura Passai:
If you'd like you can go rewatch Tawada no Passai quickly. You'll find that it matches up with this form quite nicely.
Chibana Chosin's Koryu Passai (aka Itosu's Passai Sho, aka Gusukuma Passai, Bassai Sho)
After integrating Tawada no Passai into his curriculum as Passai Dai and moving Itosu's Passai Dai into the Passai Sho position, that meant Itosu's Passai Sho was left out. During the recovery process this kata has adopted multiple names but can be understood most easily as Koryu Passai. The key is understanding that this kata is Itosu's Passai Sho and was carried on as Bassai Sho in Japan:
Exploring Japanese Bassai
When it came time to spread karate to Japan, Itosu Anko relied heavily upon Funakoshi Gichin, a well-educated school teacher who not only trained hard but was a skilled orator and writer as well. In addition, Japan had become home to one of the great kata minds in recorded history – Mabuni Kenwa. Funakoshi and Mabuni were both direct students of Itosu and intermingled with each other as they established Shotokan and Shito Ryu on the main island.
Itosu's Passai Sho and Dai traveled with Funakoshi to Japan and became Bassai Sho and Dai. Unlike Chibana Chosin, Funakoshi opted to keep the "Dai" and "Sho" monickers inline with how Itosu used them. Mabuni followed suit.
Shotokan's Bassai Sho (aka Itosu's Passai Sho)
As part of the new "school karate" being integrated into Japanese colleges, Itosu and Funakoshi scrubbed out some of the more subtle Chinese elements and replaced them with powerful ballistic methods and deep stances for body development. These changes are evident in Bassai Sho as the execution is quite similar to Chibana's Koryu Passai but with that distinctive Shotokan intensity:
You'll notice the opening sequence closely resembles that of Matsumura Seito's Passai Dai, although Shotokan uses it in more of a slow lever capacity. The resemblance starts to lose focus after that until the ending scans. The connection to Koryu Passai is unmistakable.
Shotokan's Bassai Dai (Itosu's Passai Dai)
Shotokan's Bassai Dai also exhibits trademark deep stances and linear techniques. However, it is clear after viewing that this is the same kata as taught by Chibana Chosin under the name Passai Sho. This makes sense after understanding the changes Chibana made in order to integrate Tawada no Passai. Here is Bassai Dai:
Interestingly, this kata also shares some sequences with Kyan's Passai of Tomari lineage. We see again the web of connection as each Passai relates to one another, sometimes closely, sometimes only as conceptual cousins.
Shito Ryu's Bassai Sho (aka Itosu's Passai Sho)
Here we see a performance of Bassai Sho handed down through Mabuni Kenwa to Hayashi Teruo. The performance clearly stems from the same Itosu version as the Shotokan version:
Shito Ryu's Bassai Dai (aka Itosu's Passai Dai)
Continuing the trend, we see the same connections with Shito Ryu's Bassai Dai back to Itosu's Passai Dai. The performance is quite similar to Shotokan and some of the Tomari versions.
This is an interesting one. It seems that some Shito Ryu practitioners (namely Hayashi Teruo and Kuniba Shogo) spent time with Nagamine Shoshin, eventually learning his Tomari Passai and bringing it back to Japan with them10. Tomari no Bassai follows the Nagamine model, made most obvious by the added empty hand striking to the 45o angles near the beginning of the kata:
Bassai (Chito Ryu)
Chitose Tsuyoshi was one of the original Okinawans who helped bring karate into Japan. Unlike Shotokan, his style did not receive quite as much renovation (or popularity). Chitose's Bassai comes directly from the methods of Kyan's Passai. You'll notice a distinct similarity to the performance by Shimabukuro Zenpo above. Here is Chito Ryu's Bassai:
Exploring Nakamura Passai
The Nakamura line of Passai is referred to as such because it is difficult to trace the kata deeper than Nakamura himself. Nakamura Shigeru (1894-1969) had multiple teachers throughout his life including Hanashiro Chomo, Motobu Choki, Kuniyoshi Shinkichi, Motobu Choyu, and others. He had his hands in both Shuri and Tomari methods, acquiring his Passai from one (or both) of those villages.
The interesting thing about Nakamura's Passai is that it shares sequences and methods with the other Passai versions we've seen, yet is distinctly different. In form it most resembles the Passai of Kyan Chotoku, but not nearly enough to call it a derivative of Kyan's work.
Before continuing to investigate possible origins of the kata, let's take a look at it. Here is Oyata Seiyu performing Passai, followed by the author performing it from the Odo Seikichi lineage. The closeness in pattern between Nakamura's students (in this case Oyata and Odo) helps us trace this particular version of Passai back to Nakamura himself.
Now let's explore some of the possible sources for the kata.
* Hanashiro Chomo – Hanashiro Sensei was a senior student of Itosu and a well respected practitioner all across the island. Inevitably Hanashiro came into contact with Itosu's Passai and could have potentially passed it on to Nakamura11. The problem here is in the performance. The methods of Nakamura's Passai seem to relate much more closely to Tomari and Hanashiro was not particularly connected to Tomari methods. Furthermore, the slow, soft, scanning movements are not indicative of Shuri flavor.
* Kuniyoshi Shinkichi – Nakamura's early karate experience was in the Okinawa school system, but you might say he got his PHD in karate from Kuniyoshi Shinkichi. Kuniyoshi was a well respected practitioner from Nago who was known to have strong Chinese and Tomari elements in his karate. Unfortunately, it's fairly well documented that Nakamura got Seisan and Niseishi from Kuniyoshi, but not Passai12.
* Motobu Choki – Motobu Choki was close friends with Nakamura Shigeru's uncle Teiichi. Nakamura was only 10 years old when his father died, so his uncle played an important role in his upbringing. Motobu was said to have helped introduce Nakamura to karate, especially through the practice of Naihanchi kata. Motobu Choki would be a good choice for a potential source for Passai, but there are a few wrenches in that theory. First of all, Passai is a fairly advanced kata and Motobu was in contact with Nakamura early on in his life. Later in life Motobu spent a fair amount of time in Japan, moving there in 1921. This means that Nakamura could have had access to him into his 20s but not much further on. The other potential problem is that we have a preserved version of Motobu's Passai in Passai Guwa and it does not particularly resemble the Passai of Nakamura.
* Motobu Choyu – Motobu Choyu, keeper of Motobu Udundi (the Palace Hand), is perhaps the most intriguing connection to Nakamura but also the hardest to prove. According to a number of Ryute senior practitioners Oyata Seiyu listed Motobu Choyu as Nakamura's source for Passai. In addition, it is reported that Choyu had extended contact with Tomari masters:
"From a young age, Choyu sensei was taught Motobu udundi by his father. In order to broaden his learning, he also studied various kinds of karate from instructors called to his home, such as Matsumura Sokon sensei and Itosu Anko sensei. Along with his younger brother Choki sensei and friend Yabu Kentsu sensei, he studied Tomari-te (tomai-di) at the home of Matsumora Kosaku."13
One final intriguing factor in support of Choyu is the body movement of Nakamura's Passai. Unlike other versions, this Passai features a lot of slow, graceful hand movements throughout. Flowing empty hand techniques are a trademark of Motobu Udundi and it would stand to reason that Motobu Choyu would feature it in his Passai. Unfortunately, the worst part about the Choyu theory is that it has the least concrete available evidence.
As of this writing there is no definitive proof where Nakamura's version of Passai originates.
Passai Master Chart
We've seen a lot of Passai throughout this blog post. Hopefully it has helped clear up some confusion and established a few historical connections between styles. Unfortunately, with so many names and styles it still might be confusing who inherited what from whom and how. That's why, to pull everything together, I have created a master chart of the styles and versions. You'll notice the four main branches represented and how each grew and shared with one another. Each practitioner has the Passai listed under them that is associated with them (even though they may have called the kata something different personally).
This chart is limited, especially in terms of modern practitioners who have passed the kata along. However, almost everyone should be able to trace their lineage back far enough to connect in some way to this tree.
The Practical Application of Passai
The one thing we haven't discussed regarding Passai is perhaps the most important aspect of all – application. Tracing the story of Passai is an interesting intellectual endeavor and very worthwhile in order to be better informed of the kata's original intent…but if we never take that knowledge into practice it will be wasted.
A lot of practitioners have guessed on the primary intent of the kata; some suggest it is for bo disarms while others suggest it is for fighting at night. Researcher Pat McCarthy states: "Allegedly this form is from China and students practicing it will learn the techniques of night fighting, grappling techniques, and will develop unquestionable strength."14 In the imaginative work Shotokan's Secret the author suggests that the "extract" and "block" terms inherent in the name Bassai really point to Matsumura's position as royal bodyguard and hint at tactics specific to removing the king from danger15.
Before you travel too far down any of these rabbit holes I would like to relay this story to you, shared by Bill Hayes Sensei and paraphrased here:
Bill Hayes Sensei had been studying with Shimabukuro Eizo Osensei for a number of years and throughout the course of that training had practiced Passai. Hayes Sensei remembered many details from Shimabukuro's lessons, including Shimabukuro's observation that the movements were perfect for fighting opponents at night. The scanning, the light footwork, the dodging body movements…it all made sense. One day while walking Hayes Sensei struck up a conversation with Shimabukuro Sensei regarding Passai's efficacy at night. Suddenly Shimabukuro Sensei stopped in his tracks. He turned and looked deep into Hayes Sensei's eyes as if checking to see if anything was still operating behind the curtains.
"Bill-san" he said, "not for fighting at night. LIKE fighting at night." Shimabukuro Sensei went on to explain that there were deeper concepts like muchimi (stickiness), evasiveness, joint locking, controlling of the opponent's body, and sensitivity (proprioception) inherent in effective karate. Passai could be used at night…or in a castle…but in fact old kata like Passai were not situation specific. They were omni-useful and should still be pursued as such.
1. http://www.toriidojousa.com/passai.html
2. http://www.fightingarts.com/reading/article.php?id=221
3&4. http://www.theshotokanway.com/bassaidaikatanotes.html
5. Sells, John. Unante: The Secrets of Karate. Hollywood, CA: W.M. Hawley, 2000. 56-57. Print.
6. Nagamine, Shoshin. The Essence of Okinawan Karate-do (Shorin-ryu). Rutland, VT: C.E. Tuttle, 1976. 41-42. Print.
7. http://seinenkai.com/articles/swift/swift-tidbits3.html
8. Lindsey, Ronald. Okinawa no Bushi no Te. Batrop, Texas. Lindsey Enterprises, 2011. Print.
9. http://www.e-budo.com/forum/showthread.php?30848-Koru-Passai-or-Passai-Qua/page2
10. Sells, John. Unante: The Secrets of Karate. Hollywood, CA: W.M. Hawley, 2000. 261. Print.
11. Notes from Bruce Heilman Hanshi in discussion with Odo Seikichi Sensei.
12. Bishop, Mark. Okinawan Karate: Teachers, Styles and Secret Techniques. London: & C Black, 1989. 115. Print.
13. http://www.motobu-ryu.org/motobu-udundi/motobu-choyu-sensei/
14. McCarthy, Pat, and Mike Lee. Classical Kata of Okinawan Karate. Burbank, CA: Ohara Publications, 1987. 119. Print.
15. Clayton, Bruce D., Raymond Horwitz, and Edward Pollard. Shotokan's Secret: The Hidden Truth behind Karate's Fighting Origins. United States: Black Belt, 2004. Print.
Interview: Ann Marie Heilman, Okinawa Kenpo 9th Dan (Part 2)
This is a continuation of the interview with Ann Marie Heilman. Part 1 of the interview can be found here. In this segment, Heilman Sensei discusses what it was like meeting Odo Seikichi of Okinawa Kenpo and how it changed the direction of her martial arts career. She also contemplates the meaning of being a Hanshi in karate and her growing responsibilities as a role model for women in the martial arts. Please enjoy.
MA: Could you discuss how you met Odo Seikichi Sensei of Okinawa Kenpo? What were your early impressions of him that made you decide to train under him full time?
AMH: The first time I met him was during a banquet we attended with Trias Sensei over in Okinawa. When they announced us and our style as "Okinawa Kenpo" a very small Okinawan man jumped up and yelled "yay! Okinawa Kenpo!" with his arms in the air. That of course was Odo Sensei.
That's the thing – he was always happy and joyful. Even when he was quite ill, he was always a happy funny man and it was easy to grow to love him. He was also an excellent teacher. We brought him over to the United States the following year and continued to train with him as much as we could until his passing.
We established a routine of going to Okinawa or bringing Odo Sensei to the United States every year. We would be able to spend weeks and sometimes months with him in focused training. It was a great relationship and we were blessed to have him here in our home so frequently.
MA: What did you find similar/different studying with Odo Sensei vs some of your previous instructors?
AMH: It was different in that he was very laid back. I'm not sure if my previous experiences were flavored with American military or Japanese martial art style, which is very very different in the dojo and very serious. While we were training and doing kata with Odo Sensei, although the training was rigorous and focused he always taught with a smile and laughter. That was different and good for me.
Odo Sensei's training was exacting and he had a huge emphasis on kata. That worked well for us because we could receive the kata and bunkai from Odo Sensei, but then also receive high level application, theory, fighting, etc. from Trias Sensei.
I remember early on in our studies with Odo there was no particular structure for the material. He would teach you what you were interested in or what he thought you should know. I remember attending a meeting in 1984 with a number of other senior students of his and establishing an actual hierarchy of material that students would have to learn. Once we had that scaffolding set up, everyone could then test standardized material. It was in this way that I tested up to 7th Dan directly under Odo Sensei.
MA: Odo Sensei was known for teaching in the old Okinawan manner of suiting material to the student, tweaking it as needed to make it more functional for the individual. Were there any particular ways in which Odo Sensei molded your learning to make it work better for you personally?
AMH: I think the most unique thing about my relationship with Odo Sensei was how frequently he used me as his bunkai partner. Bunkai became a very live experience for me. Before Odo Sensei I trained with a lot of tall, strong men. It was really great to learn from Odo Sensei who was much closer to me in size. That being said, Odo Sensei was very muscular and had huge hands. He was a powerful individual. I remember when we put our hands together his fingers could fold over my fingers.
If I watched him very carefully I could learn how a smaller individual could move, especially with the weapons.
MA: Your husband Bruce Heilman is also a senior in Okinawa Kenpo. This would inevitably lead people to wonder if you were perhaps riding his coattails or getting free rank simply by association. Am I right in assuming this sort of thing came up, and how did you go about handling it?
AMH: Testing and receiving rank directly from Odo Sensei and NOT my husband was critical. In fact Bruce was of the same mind and made sure that it was not him who tested or promoted me. Over the years I noticed a few women who did receive high rank simply because of who they were married to. My testing was always public and I was always sure to keep my training as transparent as possible. This is another reason I did tournaments for a while. I wanted people to see what I could do and prove that I was not just a figurine following my husband.
MA: While studying under Odo Sensei you and Mr. Heilman were also busy building the IKKF (International Karate Kobudo Federation), which Odo Sensei approved and sat on the board for. Could you discuss the challenges of starting something of that nature?
AMH: The organization came about because we wanted to establish a personal identity while being a branch of Odo Sensei's Shudokan. Bruce Heilman had a talent for organization and was experienced in setting up this kind of structure. He knew about getting accountants, and lawyers, etc etc. We had met a number of excellent martial artists over the years that we wanted to associate with, and we also wanted to help other styles learn things like Okinawan weapons that their style may not have had.
The growth of the federation allowed us to share our art, especially the kobudo, with many people both in the USA and internationally. I never would have thought it possible when I was growing up.
One of the challenges of the IKKF is the desire to maintain high standards throughout the entire organization. Sometimes our style is not ideal for individuals that want to join us, or perhaps our standards are not reasonable for a commercial school. We try to be fair while maintaining what we think is right.
MA: Recently you received the rare honor of being promoted to 9th Dan, Hanshi. I'm sure this was something impactful for you. Could you talk a bit about your feelings and reflections of the promotion?
AMH: I remember my husband brought up the possibility two years ago but I was staunchly opposed to it. I wanted no parts of it and that kind of responsibility. As far as this time around, I feel right about it because I've had two years to reflect on the possibility and the things that I've done, and the amount of study I've done and still want to do. I knew that if I received it this year it would be coming in a legitimate way from teachers outside of the IKKF who are respected in their own right.
(Note: Heilman Sensei's promotion was made by Hanshi's Larry Isaac, 10th Dan; C. Bruce Heilman, 10th Dan; and Jody Paul, 9th Dan; with the approval and authorization from Okinawa from Hanshi's Shihan Toma (ratified before his passing), 10th Dan; Shigemitsu Tamae, 9th Dan; and Kyoshi Satoshi Yamauchi, 9th Dan, representing both the Seidokan and Motoburyu lineages. Additionally Heilman Sensei received recognition from the IKKF (her home federation) and the United States Association of Martial Artists (an organization connected to the original USKA under Master Robert Trias). These ratifications were important as they connected Heilman Sensei to her roots in training (Odo Seikichi and Robert Trias), as well as continuing the historical connection between Okinawa Kenpo, Seidokan, and Motobu Udundi.)
To be honest, I was so much more involved and excited with Mr. Hayes getting his promotion that I was not thinking too much about my own. It felt good that I was more concerned with him than myself – I felt it was a moment of personal growth.
As for the promotion night itself – I do not remember a moment of it! I don't remember standing in front of everyone…things were a dull roar.
MA: When you think about your overall legacy on the arts, what do you hope your lasting impact will be?
AMH: I'd like to be remembered as a good and fair karate woman, teacher, and judge. If I can do that, and combine it with the IKKF learning materials we have already created, I would be happy. We have set up the scaffold so that people will have what we created for a long time to come.
I've never considered myself (nor was I in truth) a natural talent at martial arts. Everything I learned was through repetition over and over and over. I would watch others get it much sooner than I could. I've had multiple injuries as well that were very debilitating. In total my learning process has been slow, with many ups and downs.
I hope that other "non-naturals" out there can see my struggles and continue to push through too. I would say to them, surround yourself with a good support system and never let "quit" enter your equation. As I was once told in grade school: "Aim for the moon…even if you miss you'll land amongst the stars".
MA: Thank you very much Mrs. Heilman for your time and thoughts!
To learn more about Ann Marie Heilman and other senior karateka visit "Tales From the Western Generation"!
Interview: Ann Marie Heilman, Okinawa Kenpo 9th Dan (Part 1)
I'm very pleased to present this interview with Ann Marie Heilman, senior practitioner of Okinawa Kenpo Karate and Kobudo. Heilman Sensei has spent over 45 years training and leading the way for women in the martial arts.
In addition to being a skilled martial artist, Heilman Sensei is a formally educated psychology and special needs professional. She has been an important figure in teaching martial arts to at-risk children, abused women, and other individuals in volatile circumstances. She plays an integral leadership role in the International Karate Kobudo Federation and the long operating Heilman Karate Academy.
It was my pleasure to converse with Heilman Sensei about her past training experiences, views on women in the martial arts, and her responsibilities as a senior practitioner. Please enjoy the interview!
MA: Thank you again Heilman Sensei for agreeing to do an interview here. Let's start at the beginning – when was the first time you set foot in a dojo or training environment?
AMH: I was a freshman at Albright College and Hidy Ochiai was a senior at the time. He was offering Judo Self Defense classes at the local Y. I was really interested in that, and had some personal safety concerns because one of my family members was being released from the state hospital (mental and behavioral problems). I signed up for it, hopped on a bus, and went down to the Y once a week for self defense training. This began in 1966.
The content of the course focused on street awareness and defense techniques (where to hit, how to hit, how to throw, etc). The basis of the class was on Judo methods, which I found challenging as a smaller woman.
It was a very good experience because Ochiai Sensei had endless patience with us. He always encouraged me to continue, even when the program was coming to an end. I was never sure if his encouragement came because he saw a spark of passion in me for the martial arts or if he thought I was so bad I needed lots more extra help, hahaha.
MA: Where did your training go from there?
AMH: As I mentioned Ochiai Sensei was a senior, so after his time was up at the university I had to seek training elsewhere. One day when I was in my dorm room a friend of mine named Rick Ulrich walked in and invited to take me to a local dojo operated by George Dillman.
I had no real knowledge of what karate was, but Rick and a few other friends were involved. I remember my first class there I had to go through something called a kata named "taikyoku one". I remember thinking – this is kindof…odd. And I had a lot of problems with it. Coming from an inner city school I had almost no experience with gym classes or sports. To do something in a coordinated and physically organized fashion like that was hard.
MA: Were you tempted to quit at first due to the difficulty and unusual nature of the exercise?
AMH: I don't think I knew at the time how hard it was for me and how bad I must have been. I didn't know that I was struggling.
MA: Could you talk a bit about the curriculum at the Dillman School?
AMH: At the very beginning I didn't realize that what we were doing was different from what other people were doing. However, over time I realized that our style of practice was connected to Isshin Ryu Karatedo. In time the name changed to Okinawa Kempo due to influence from Daniel K. Pai, however the content of the class didn't change. Our training consisted of Isshin Ryu forms and sparring as well as some self defense.
Things were very tournament oriented at that time. I remember going to a national tournament in Indianapolis in 1969, which coincidentally is the first time I met one of the major figures in United States martial arts – Robert Trias.
MA: What was the climate of martial arts training like at that time?
AMH: Truthfully it was a very macho kind of environment. Practitioners were mostly men and the martial arts were still heavily connected to the military (considering the individuals who were bringing karate back from the East). There were so few women that we were a sort of novelty.
All the women I knew in training at that time were white belts. It wasn't until I attended a tournament that I actually met a black belt woman named Bobbi Snyder. She was competing in the same ring as us because there was only one ring for women (white through black belt and regardless of age). Bobbi took first place in our kata division, and my roommate Linda took second.
Competitor Bobbi Snyder executing a self defense routine and her preferred performance kata, Chinto:
Linda and I were convinced this woman (Bobbi) was going to be standoffish and /or aggressive, but when we all met in the locker room after the competition she immediately joined us in conversation saying how glad she was to meet us. She really encouraged and supported us in our training and said how she was looking forward to watching us gain rank and skill.
She was a student of Glen Premru at the time, a very well known karateka in his own right located in Pittsburgh.
MA: You met your eventual husband, C. Bruce Heilman, at the Dillman School. Could you talk about that meeting?
AMH: I had been training at that dojo for about a year before Bruce came to town. He was from the Pittsburgh area but was serving an internship near Reading. He was already a Shodan under Hank Talbot when he arrived, which was in a style of Jujitsu developed by Dewey Deavers that featured a healthy mixture of tripping, throwing, and striking methods. The Deavers system was known as a hard knocks style that integrated ideas from other methods, including karate. As such, when Bruce arrived in the Dillman school he was honored as a black belt. Of course, he had to learn the kata before being recertified in our style.
When we first started we were side-by-side students. Of course, he had an unusual natural gift for these sort of things and it didn't take him long to become one of the instructors there. He was a savant for kata and a very good fighter.
We were married in June of 1971, only about 9 months after meeting.
MA: Could you discuss how you eventually began to train under Robert Trias Sensei?
AMH: We reached out to Mr. Trias who we had known from tournaments for a number of years and expressed our interest in learning from him. He directed us to connect with his regional director, who as it turns out, was Hidy Ochiai. Since Bruce was a Nidan at that time Ochiai Sensei decided to test him, and subsequently made Bruce fight all the black belts in his dojo for hours. Bruce was loving it, and afterward we all went out for dinner and had a great time. Ochiai Sensei was instrumental in helping us with our East Coast training and keeping us connected to Trias Sensei.
Bruce and I established our own school in 1972 in the Reading area. For a few years we were focused on building the school and teaching while still learning from the USKA (Trias Sensei's organization) members in the area. It was in the late 70s and early 80s that we actually studied with Trias Sensei directly.
It was also at this time that we participated in many seminars and got to meet some of the great American practitioners of the time.
MA: Could you talk about what training was like with Trias Sensei? How was it different/similar to what you did before?
AMH: It was really excellent, he was as good as his reputation suggested. Trias Sensei provided us with fantastic training and helped us understand what made karate work (or not work). He had keen insight into functionality, fighting, and kata interpretation. He was one of the best of his time.
One thing he pointed out to us fairly early was that we were not doing Okinawa Kenpo, even though that is what we were self-labeled through the Dillman School. He suggested that we travel with him to Okinawa in order to meet the headmaster of the style , Odo Seikichi. Of course we were a bit taken aback by this revelation, but Trias Sensei's honesty and knowledge were part of his value as a teacher. He was rather strict in this regard; he told us that if we wanted to keep calling ourselves Okinawa Kenpo that it was our duty to meet the head of the style and learn his ways.
It took a few years for us to gather the funds and make arrangements, but in 1983 we eventually went with Trias to Okinawa, which turned out to be a huge turning point in our martial arts careers.
MA: You mentioned earlier that you, as a woman, were something of a novelty in the dojo. Could you discuss if that feeling persisted through the 70s and early 80s in the Trias Organization and martial arts world in general?
AMH: Trias Sensei himself was always very giving and open and honest. He would tell you what he thought you needed to do, but not in a hurtful way. Training within that organization was something that I found to be fairly inviting with a productive mindset during training.
MA: What were some of the problems you noticed in general (perhaps not specifically things that happened to you) for women of that era?
AMH: I think one of the biggest hurdles was the mindset of martial arts being "A good 'ol boys club". It was a time when women in general were struggling to gain a foothold in the business world. It was very difficult in the martial arts to get respect…you had to prove yourself. The men didn't want to judge us, and only men judged.
One of the true stories of Bobbi Snyder was that she was very rankled by this idea of women being unable to judge. One day she walked up to a corner judge, tapped him on the shoulder, and informed him that he had an emergency phone call on the line that he needed to attend to. When he left, she promptly took the vacant judging spot. Naturally there was no phone call to be found.
She ended up judging and refused to give the flags back.
Another issue was actually finding space to compete. We only ever had one ring, and often it was pushed to the side away from the regular competition near the bleachers or even under the bleachers. By the time I was nearing black belt we really had to take a firm stand to be respected. I was innately a shy person so this was difficult for me.
It should be said that there were some really good men at this time as well, supportive and fair. I remember Ochiai Sensei was an instructor with a mindset of equality from the first time I met him, and even when I visited his dojo in later years he always had female students.
Another very important matter is that gay men and women of the time had very little protection in society, so they needed to learn how to protect themselves badly. Therefore, since there was a contingent of lesbian women in the martial arts, a stereotype developed amongst men that all women martial artists were lesbian. This developed into hurtful and derogative behavior toward women of both orientations, straight and gay alike.


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Fiber Doumbek, Terra Cotta Textured (Item Code: FGD10TTC) 10 inches wide by 15 inches tall. This breakthrough design has a fiberglass body and a fixed synthetic head. Its deep Doums and high Teks will surprise you. Today, people want to have their drums with them everywhere! So Mid-East developed the Fiber Doumbek. Its revolutionary synthetic shell and head make it feather light, portable, durable, and easy to maintain. The New Fiber Doumbek is all that and more. The look and sound is so close to its ceramic cousin, you will not believe it till you play it. We don't suggest you give up your ceramic doumbek, but if you want to take one camping, or heck, hang gliding, this is the drum for you. Soft Case Included.

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T-Mobile G-Slate by LG gets brief tease & plenty of Honeycomb videos
T-Mobile has briefly teased its G-Slate by LG at the company's CES 2011 keynote, as well as publishing a bevy of Android Honeycomb videos showing the slate in action. Announced yesterday, the G-Slate runs Android 3.0 Honeycomb and will use T-Mobile USA's HSPA+ 4G network. Full specifications are still unknown, but at least we've got some Honeycomb demos to entertain us, which you can see below. Don't forget to check out our other Honeycomb video demo, with a guided tour by Google. Overview [youtube 7fiZt6Hws0s] Books [youtube 66u7lzve1e8] Browser [youtube YU1Y62IP-b4] First-Look [youtube NHZWAE1kKzY] Overview [youtube C5LNJ9rjTlY] Gmail [youtube -i_IkO_L0zc] YouTube [youtube aLR71ONOIRc] Maps [youtube qk3wGXmtQBU]


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Margaret Ethridge lives in Arkansas with a sweet-talking Southern gentleman who claims to be her lawfully-wedded husband. She is the (not-so-wicked-but-she-has-her-moments) step-mother to their two children, the adoring mistress of three spoiled dogs, the food purveyor to eleven hungry goldfish, and the comic foil for one rather impertinent house rabbit who thinks he rules the roost.
When she isn't tapping away at her keyboard, Margaret engages in an epic battle against her never-ending laundry hampers, cajoles the flowers in her yard, sings into her hairbrush, and has been known to hold entire conversations speaking only in movie quotes.


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PUBLIC CRUISE TICKETSAdvance purchase recommended.
Trips often sell out!
Check availability & buy tickets:
Hudson Cruises
Or call Zerve at
View our calendar
Lighthouse Tours
Hudson-Athens Lighthouse Tour,
During our months of operation, we work in conjunction with the Hudson/Athens lighthouse Association providing access to the lighthouse for tours. For 2015, visit the historic Hudson/Athens Lighthouse on the second Saturday of the month starting in July from 11:30am-3pm. Take a tour guided by someone raised in the Lighthouse. We also provide Sightseeing Cruises on weekends and Wednesdays from 1pm-2:30pm. All other times cruises or tours not annotated will be by special appointment only. We also provide special school and group tours and we support the teaching of education to our children. Come by and take a tour guided by someone who was raised in the Lighthouse. Reserve a Light House Tour via Hudson or Athens!
Tourboat Group Charters
Your Small Little Escape,
2015 will be a busy season for us with our group charters and water tours. Every year, we book numerous private tours and charters on our "Little Spirit of the Hudson". We can arrange for your group to be on your own private boat with up to 14 guest. Whether you want to take a private lighthouse tour, do some island hopping and visit the sandy beaches of the Hudson River, go exploring, or have a nice private getaway with a small group of friends and guest. On our small private tour boat, you can bring a picnic basket, or cooler filled with your own drinks and snacks. The Little Spirit of Hudson is the only boat that can offer this service close by and give you access to areas of the river that you have not seen before. Call us today and we can discuss various options for your own private tour or charter.
Hudson-Athens Ferry Service
Connecting Hudson and Athens,
Memorial Day Weekend through September, Hudson Cruises operates the Weekend Ferry service between Hudson and Athens on Friday and Saturday evenings from 5-10:30pm. Also during other special events during various times throughout the season we operate the ferry. Tickets can be purchased on the Ferry for $12 roundtrip cash only. Purchase a book of 10 tickets and receive 18% discount at only $10 p/ticket. Visit Crossroads Brewing, Stewart House, Dionysos Restaurant opening in June, Athens Cultural Center, PaddleHead Boards for Kayaking/Paddleboarding/Bike Rentals, and receive some discounts when showing your ferryboat ticket.
Note: Service is only on Friday and Saturday evenings from 5pm-10:30pm. Also other times during special events. Visit the Stewart House with punched ticket for free second drink and Crossroads Brewing for specials and much more!
- Fri Evenings 5pm-10:30pm: Hudson Ferry Departures on the top of the hour/ Athens departures on the half-hour.
- Sat Evenings 5pm-10:30pm: Hudson Ferry Departures on the top of the hour/ Athens departures on the half-hour.
Contact Info
For Public Cruises and Events - advance purchase recommended
Call Zerve at 888-764-1844
518-822-1014 or 914-388-2949
P.O. Box 72 Water St - Hudson, NY 12534
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com


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Book your room at Quality Inn Athens
Room, 1 Queen BedMax Occupancy: 2 guests (up to 1 child, 1 infant)
Standard Room, 1 King Bed, Non SmokingMax Occupancy: 4 guests (up to 3 children, 2 infants)
Standard Room, 2 Queen Beds, Non SmokingMax Occupancy: 4 guests (up to 3 children, 2 infants)
Get an overview of this hotelHotel in Athens with free breakfast and seasonal outdoor pool
Located in the heart of Athens, this hotel is 3 mi (4.8 km) from Athens State University and 8.6 mi (13.8 km) from Limestone Flea Market. Madison Square Mall and Princess Theatre Center for the Performing Arts are also within 20 mi (32 km).
Hotel Features
This hotel features coffee/tea in the lobby, a seasonal outdoor pool, and a business center. Free buffet breakfast, free WiFi in public areas, and free self parking are also provided. Other amenities include meeting rooms, laundry facilities, and a 24-hour front desk.
Room Amenities
All 56 rooms provide conveniences like refrigerators and microwaves, plus free WiFi and coffee makers. Other amenities available to guests include free local calls, hair dryers, and phones.Information missing or incorrect? Tell us!
Hotel Amenities
Hotel Amenities
High-speed wireless Internet access is complimentary. This hotel offers access to a business center and meeting rooms. Guests can enjoy a complimentary breakfast. This Athens hotel also offers a seasonal outdoor pool, coffee/tea in the lobby, and laundry facilities. Complimentary self parking is available on site.
- 24-hour front desk
- Business center
- Coffee/tea in lobby
- Free breakfast
- Free self parking
- Free WiFi
- Laundry facilities
- Meeting rooms
- Number of floors - 2
- Outdoor seasonal pool
- Total number of rooms - 56
- Free use of nearby fitness center
Family Friendly Amenities
- Free Wi-Fi
- Laundry facilities
- Microwave
- Refrigerator
Available in all rooms: Free WiFi
Available in some public areas: Free WiFi
Free self parking
Room Amenities
- Air conditioning
- Coffee/tea maker
- Desk
- Free local calls
- Free WiFi
- Hair dryer
- Iron/ironing board
- Microwave
- Pay movies
- Phone
- Refrigerator
Where to Eat
Guests are offered a complimentary buffet breakfast.
Hotel Policies
Check-in time starts at 3 PM
Check-out time is 11 AM
Payment types
Children and extra beds
- Children are welcome.
You need to know
Extra-person charges may apply and vary depending on hotel policy.
Government-issued photo identification and a credit card or cash deposit are required at check-in for incidental charges.
Special requests are subject to availability upon check-in and may incur additional charges. Special requests cannot be guaranteed.


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BPL Community Profile
Kevin Lutz (EazyE) - BPL Forum Member
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All Forum Posts by Kevin Lutz
Re: FS: Mountainsmith Ghost and Equinox Kathadin NWT
Moved to ebay. You should find it by just searching for one or the other.
FS: Mountainsmith Ghost and Equinox Kathadin NWT
For sale Mountainsmith Ghost, Black Nylon, Size Medium. Used for one over night ( I have 2 and my wife doesn't want to use one). Equinox Kathadin, NWT, One Size, Blue Silnylon. $65 each, plu...
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Shangri-La and Hex 3
While this doesn't completely answer your question, I called GoLite last week to find out if the Shangri-La parts were compatbile with the Hex 3 and she said they were identical, which leads me...
79.99 at Campsaver plus free shippng.
Using the promo code "groundhog." I think this actually makes the one at Campsaver about $11 cheaper, considering shipping. I got one for 79.99 shipped.
Misting, a fickle mistress
With misting and silnylon, I don't think it is the amount of water, but rather the pressure or force of water hitting a fly that is completely saturated. Maybe someone could comment on that fur...
I love my DR. Amazing verstaility for the weight. BUT, I did have trouble with it during a pretty wicked storm in the N. Casades NP in late September. Four days of pouring rain mixed with snow with...
Thanks for the input, I went ahead and ordered one from the same seller everyone recomended. I also purchased my hydrolite from him and agree he is an excellent seller. Can't beat the prices. ...
Montane Superfly Event
Does anyone have any experience with this jacket? I have a Montane Hydralite and was looking to upgrade to something more breathable for wet PNW spring and fall hiking. The Hydralite is, well, ligh...
Re: For those that own a Cocoon Pro 60 Parka or UL Thermwrap
Hi Andrew, Have you considered the thermwrap parka? That way you could get the hood and the pockets, plus additional insulation. While Montbell does advertise that it is warmer than the standard...
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- Overview
With the world's first* retractable mechanism design, this standard 3X zoom lens is extremely compact with an overall length of just 43.5mm. Covering wide-angle to a moderate telephoto suitable to portrait shooting, this lens is suitable for a wide range of applications, including day-to-day shooting and traveling. With a digital-dedicated design as well as multi-coating on all lens surfaces, this Micro Four Thirds lens boasts very high imaging performance.
* Among interchangeable lens type digital cameras.
Compatible with Micro Four Thirds digital cameras.
Item #261501
Lens Architecture
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Review Summary for the M.Zuiko ED 14-42mm f3.5-5.6 II
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Customer Reviews of the M.Zuiko ED 14-42mm f3.5-5.6 II
May 28, 2011
Good kit lens
Though it wouldn't stack up against the top shelf lenses, I have no complaints about its performance. I see little distortion or CA.
They say that you get what you pay for, but sometimes that is not a negative. It's a good lens at a fair price.
99.9% of those viewing your images could care less what lens was used. The other .1% can't get a date.
February 07, 2011
Average Everything makes this lens slightly below!
The way Olympus has built this lens I'd say they tried to include a little bit of everything in the most compact and lightweight design possible. At about 3.25 inches long and with a .25 meter min. focus, this lens sits nicely in-between a shorter pancake lens and an extending telephoto while shooting decent shots throughout the range.
I however was not satisfied when taking Sports shots further away or Macro up-close, the lens can't compensate as both! This makes the lens good for basic shooting and everyday use, but is not a substitute for the actual wide-angle or telephoto! Strictly for amateurs. SO glad Olympus made a 2nd gen. of this lens, can't wait to try it out!
February 03, 2011
This lens is a shocker
I got this with my E-P2 kit. I had no idea wy I totally did not use it for around 5 months but when I finally put it on I did not take it off.
It has really great focusing but it took me a while to figure out as I am new to photography. It doesn't make a lot of noise like the other lens I have. I like it. Plus it;s great to carry around on the camera.
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Carolyn V. Chang, Esquire
Mayor, Westampton Township
Women of Distinction
Each winter, the Girl Scouts of Central & Southern NJ gathers on or around the Girl Scout Anniversary to honor Women of Distinction who serve as role models of ethical leadership for the girls we serve. We also honor one extraordinary Community Partner each year, and a young woman who represents the ideals inherent in Girl Scouting with the Rising Star Award.
Over the Women of Distinction Event's history we have honored many extraordinary women.
Karen Gozzi
Vice President, Corporate Advertising
Wakefern Food Corporation
Mariel Lea Husson
Senior Multi-Functional Information Systems Analyst
Lockheed Martin
Kasey Hall-Massa
YMCA of Camden and Burlington Counties
Camp No Worries
Stacy Mattia
Senior Vice President
JP Morgan Chase Bank
Lindsay Vastola
Founder & CEO
Body Project LLC
For more information, contact:
Carol Miller
Special Events Coordinator
800-582-7692 ext 161


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Arnold Schwarzenegger is surely back. The former Governor of California has already taken close-to-center stage in the first "Expendables 2" poster, and now he's showing off just how much he's willing to endure during his long awaited return to the action movie arena.
"Got a little banged up on set today," Schwarzenegger tweeted from the set of "The Last Stand," his modern Western currently shooting in New Mexico. He posted a photo revealing his banged up forehead, along with a smirk that practically shouts "no problemo."
"Thanks to the medical staff who got me back in action an hour later!" he added.
Check out your Daily Twitpic after the jump.


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Avon Holiday Collection 2008: License To Shine
The economy is in a real slump right now and I think it's safe to say many of us want to monitor our purchases very closely so indulging in costly makeup isn't on our top to do list right now. Which is why the Avon Holiday Collection looks quite appealing at the moment as it offers a bit of sparkle, some shine, a buncha glitter, and a cost effective way to pull off a sparkling Holiday look for under $20 USD!
Honestly, Avon has captured and kept my interest for a while now as it progressively gets better and better with each release. A few pieces from the Holiday Collection look interesting and I'll try to bring you a review soon of the items!
Avon Shimmer Swirls Face Illuminator is $7.99 USD and comes in two shades, Rose Whirl and Silver Swirl. Wear it alone or over foundation for an all over shimmering glow this Holiday Season!
Avon Glazewear Diamond Lipstick is $3.99 and available in four shades for a dazzling pout!
Twinkling, Sparkling Holiday eyes are a must and you can get them for $3.99 USD with Avon Glazewear Diamonds Eye Color!
To complete your look you'll need to add a bit of sparkle and shimmer to your lashes! Snatch up some Avon Shimmer Tips Mascara for $4.99 USD and add that glint of gold or silver to lashes!
Thankfully Avon makes it easy to indulge in great makeup and all for a budget price! Shop the Avon Holiday Collection 2008 now by clicking here.
marimekko for Avon Eyeshadow Palette Review & Swatches
Avon Horizon Blush Review
Cynthia Rowley for Avon Review
11/10/08 13:57 jojoba:
that's an intersting mascara. you'd be surprised how different out Avon products are comparing to yours. And how inconvenient it is to get them, at least for me. I have not seen this brand near me anywhere but only read about it in the magazines. weird. thanks for the update.
11/10/08 14:00 the Muse:
Hi jojoba! Honestly I've always hated Avon but the past year I've learned alot and Avon is actually pretty darn good quality on this end of the world
If you ever need anything do let me know You know I'm happy to help you in anyway I can!
You're most welcome for the update my pleasure!


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Job Description - Assistant, Senior Library
Description View created on 10/10/2015
Assistant, Senior Library
Head Librarian
Coordinate circulation services at the library, including circulation desk services, staffing, bookkeeping and training; assist patrons, report/collect usage statistics, and stack and collection maintenance in a highly automated, dynamic and diverse, customer service and teamwork-oriented environment.
Essential duties and responsibilities include the following. Other duties may be assigned.
Coordinates a team environment to ensure quality customer service to students, faculty and staff.
Coordinates and oversees the work of circulation staff including determining priorities, scheduling, assigning, training, and overseeing the completion of work.
Reconciles money collected from library fines and fees, creates invoices in college system(s) and submits deposits to Cashier's Office.
Assists patrons with directional questions, equipment use, and updating patron information.
Opens and/or closes the library.
Facilitates circulation services training of full time, part time, hourly, work study and other library employees.
Establishes and/or revises work methods, forms, processes or procedures to improve workplace efficiency in both individual and group settings.
Assures that circulation task completion meets ACC policies and Instructional Resources & Technology/Library Services (IRT/LS) guidelines by reviewing for accuracy and timely completion. Also assures that workflow meets LS, ACC, and federal standards for maintaining confidentiality of patron information.
Compiles and maintains library statistics, such as equipment use, gate count, inventories, repair and service records.
Oversees and/or performs delivery of the following roles: periodical collection, reserve collection, special collections, circulation projects, stack maintenance and technology.
Monitors maintenance needs and notifies appropriate staff for facilities and/or technical problems.
Tracks and troubleshoots issues with library equipment; including computers/laptops, printers, copiers, security gate, and other equipment.
In the absence of library manager assists patrons as needed by contacting other ACC libraries.
Serves on IRT/LS or ACC teams, committees, or group work projects.
Assists the Head Librarian in promoting and implementing library safety and security.
Must possess required knowledge and be able to explain and demonstrate, with or without reasonable accommodations, that the essential functions of the job can be performed.
Library proprietary software.
Current technology practices.
Office productivity.
Library operations in a higher education environment.
Must possess required skills and be able to explain and demonstrate, with or without reasonable accommodations, that the essential functions of the job can be performed.
Maintaining effective time management practices, including an established work schedule, possible weekend and evening hours, and/or work at multiple campus locations.
Using effective oral and written interpersonal and workplace communication skills.
Coordinating, delegating, and overseeing the work of others.
Using effective organizational and planning skills with attention to detail, procedures or standards, and task completion, in an individual or group setting.
Providing superior customer service.
Researching and locating work-related information and materials in diverse print, web, wiki, and vendor specific/proprietary software environments.
Training other library employees (paraprofessional and faculty).
Creating circulation desk employee schedules.
Problem solving and reporting skills in a variety of settings such as public service desk, individual, or group work settings.
Interpreting and applying guidelines and instructions in order to resolve workflow issues and patron concerns.
Maintaining confidentiality of work-related information and materials.
Establishing and maintaining effective work relationships.
Handling money including collection of library fines, issuing of receipts, making deposits, and reconciling reports.
Following and applying ACC, IRT/LS policies and procedures related to property and materials acquisition, movement, and disposal.
Skill with various circulation equipment such as barcode scanners and material sensitizers/desensitizers.
Competency with computers, including word processing, spreadsheets, productivity software, proprietary library systems, and equipment.
Experience with the Internet and organizational systems in the workplace.
Ability to learn new software applications quickly.
Work is routinely performed in office environments, library public service points, and within library stacks.
Work experience in a higher education library circulation department.
Reliable transportation for local area travel, as needed.
Knowledge of library reciprocal sharing networks including interlibrary loan and TexShare.


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Sabian EZ Cymbal StrapsItem #: MC.61002EZ
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Journal Sentinel TV and film critic Duane Dudek looks at life on the small and big screen, and some of the cool stuff on both.
Day 40: CBS and Time Warner strike blackout deal
The blackout of CBS-owned stations and Showtime on Time Warner Cable ended Monday when the two sides reached an agreement in their dispute, according to The Wrap.
The nearly monthlong dispute involved fees paid by the cable company to carry a channel's programming and control of digital assets.
A similar dispute between Journal Broadcast Group and Time Warner, which has led to the blackout of stations including WTMJ-TV (Channel 4) in Milwaukee on the cable system is in its 40th day. There has been speculation that Time Warner put negotiations with Journal Broadcast on the back burner while it focused on CBS.
In a statement, Andre Fernandez, president and CFO of Journal Communications, said the company was "encouraged by the announcement.
"We are hopeful we can now reach a mutually beneficial agreement with Time Warner Cable and have all of the valuable programming from the Journal Broadcast Group stations returned to our viewers in Wisconsin, Nebraska and California."
According to a press release, programming on all CBS stations and channels networks resumed at 5 p.m. Monday.
Terms of the deal were not disclosed, but the agreement includes retransmission consent, as well as Showtime Anytime and VOD, for CBS stations on Time Warner Cable systems.
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Wisdom Bestows Well-Being
My son, do not forget my teaching, but keep my commands in your heart,for they will prolong your life many years and bring you peace and prosperity. Let love and faithfulness never leave you; bind them around your neck, write them on the tablet of your heart. Then you will win favor and a good name in the sight of God and man.
- Proverbs 3:1-4 NIV
Are you new to the area or to homeschooling?
Or maybe just looking for a place for your homeschooled children to join in activities, education or just socialization?
Come to our next HEART homeschool member's meeting. You can meet homeschool veterans or even other newbies and get information about our Christian homeschool group.
We may be a right fit for you and your family, come check us out!
For more information on the next meeting contact us at firstname.lastname@example.com
What Is HEART?
HEART is a Christian support group based in the Kingwood/Atascocita/Humble (Houston, Texas) area. HEART seeks to encourage families in their homeschooling endeavors by providing academic enrichment activities, social opportunities and support for children of all ages – and parents, too! We also are a link in keeping families informed of developments in state and local laws, especially pertaining to the legal rights of parents to home educate their children.
HEART is divided into 4 segments: Little HEARTs, HEART Elementary, HEART Middle School, and HEART High School. Although there may be age-segregated areas for HEART, most activities are open to younger and older siblings.
If you are looking for a Christian homeschool support group in the North Houston, Texas area, then contact us for more information.
To Be Christ-like
...but his mother treasured all these things in her heart. And Jesus grew in wisdom and stature, and in favor with God and man.
- Luke 2: 51-52 NIV


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Hand Made / Hecho a Mano
Join us every month to make something new!It's pumpkin season! Come make your own decorative pumpkin from an old book in October! Snacks will be served and supplies will be provided – just bring yourself! · Rosewood Library - Tuesday, October 6that 11:00 AM
Cover to Cover Reading Program
October 5 - November 14, 2015Children ages 4 to 12 are welcome to join the reading program. Register at one of the Commerce Library branches. Children read five books and receive a certificate and coupon for one free hamburger or cheeseburger from In 'N Out Burger. Children may earn up to three coupons.
3D PRINTING IS HERE!Come see what you've been hearing about! Join us at one of our 3D printing demos to see our new printer in action, learn how it works, and hear how you'll be able to print very soon at Rosewood Library.


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Time to get excited!
New features for iPhone 6& iPhone 6 Plus revealed:
-Improved battery Life
- 8mp scenery camera
- Double slow motion speed
- Health and Fitness app
-WI-FI Calling
- Apple Pay feature
We've Got Accessories Covered
The Latest News and Buzz about the mobile industry and cellphone accessories
Time to get excited!
New features for iPhone 6& iPhone 6 Plus revealed:
-Improved battery Life
- 8mp scenery camera
- Double slow motion speed
- Health and Fitness app
-WI-FI Calling
- Apple Pay feature
iPhone 6 and iPhone 6 Plus Revealed!
Check out the newest images and specifications released at Apple's big launch:
The iPhone 6 is almost here! The new Apple device that is rumored to launch on September 9th has everyone excited and full of questions. Is your anticipation getting the best of you while during the wait?
Let us share some insider secrets with you to make the wait just a bit more bearable. Here is what has been speculated:
1) Larger Display
One of the most eagerly awaited for upgrades for iPhone users has been a larger display, especially with competing brands such as HTC and Samsung having already offered devices with larger displays for quite some time. The time has come, and the Apple will finally grant its users their wish with an upgrade from a 4 inch display to a 4.7 inch screen. It is even rumored that Apple will take this screen upgrade one step further, and create a phablet 5.5 inch version of the device.
2) Greater Durability
Apple will be the first phone company to create a front panel constructed completely from sapphire crystal instead of the gorilla glass material typically used for phones. This material will allow the iPhone 6 to offer a crystal clear display (literally) and higher quality color than any other phone on the market. Most interesting though, is the fact that the glass is pretty much indestructible, and basically scratch and shatter proof...don't believe us? Take a look for yourself!
3) More Storage Space
The iPhone 6 is rumored to have double the storage of its predecessor, the 5S, hence 128 GB of storage space available for all your music, photos and more.
4) Improved Aesthetics
Everyone wants an aesthetically pleasing phone right? Well iPhone 6 is rumored to deliver in this area, with an apparent thinner structure and a new array of finishes and colors to please every taste.
Although there are a few areas of concern, such as how the battery capacity (which it appears will not be modified) will fare with this upgraded version of the phone, and the elevated costs that will likely occur from the sapphire screen usage, it does look like overall the iPhone 6 will definitely not disappoint! It seems that Apple has created an extremely consumer oriented device that it will give in to its users' main demands over the years: larger displays and more durability.
Excited? We definitely are, and because we've got accessories covered, we cannot wait to offer you a whole new string of unique and stylish accessories to make sure that your iPhone 6 is ready and right on trend! Let us leave you with one more suggestion, if you really want to stand out this fall, check out the new Uncommon brand which is soon to be launched by Puremobile.
The LG G3 was recently announced and PureMobile is excited to share the hot new details on this super phone from LG. It has been sometime since we have seen a brand new phone from LG and in that time we have seen new entries from Samsung, HTC, and Apple that have raised the bar for smartphones.
One of the main draws of this phone is its very beautiful 5.5 inch screen. Big enough to watch high fidelity videos, but small enough to not feel like a tablet. LG got this one right in the sweet spot. The biggest and most pleasant surprise though has to be the speakers. Compared to the grand champion of smartphone audio - HTC - the LG G3's speakers are nearly as powerful. Finally, there is more than one phone out there that values the auditory experience as much as the visual.
My biggest complaint about smartphones is addressed by the LG G3. With a 3,000 mAh battery, LG takes endurance seriously, at least, more seriously than other phone makers do. Be ready to get at least a day and a half or more with this hulking beast.
In terms of complaints, it's always the same with LG phones. The buttons built onto the back of the phone are annoying as ever and take some serious time to get used to if you are coming from an iPhone or an Android phone like the Nexus 5.
Apple unveiled their latest mobile operating system today with the unveiling of IOS 8. The highly anticipated follow up to IOS 7, IOS 8 builds on the visual improvements seen with its predecessor and introduces a ton of interesting new features and improvements to standards like messaging and AirDrop among others. Here are our three favourite features of the new IOS, which will be available this Fall for devices such as the Apple iPhone 5S, iPhone 5, iPhone 4S, iPad Air, iPad Mini with Retina Display and many more!
First, the most popular app on the iPhone, iMessage! The most crucial update is the now integrated use of both iMessages and SMS messages. Now all your messages are available in a unified app. But that's not all. Cross-platform messaging and calling is now a reality with messages and calls being able to be placed using your iPhone, iPad, or iMac, making communication easy no matter which device is handy. Another iMessage improvement comes through the introduction of QuickType. Pretty simple, this keyboard learns your habits with specific recipients and helps predict words, dramatically cutting down typing time.
Notification Center
IOS 8's new and improved Notification Center now allows you to respond to alerts without moving way from the app you are working in. In addition, Apple finally has widgets, making the notification center much more useful as a hub of information from weather, traffic, and sports scores, all in one place.
Not exactly a creative title, but Apple is finally getting into the health game with IOS 8. Not only can you record your bodies vital stats, but Apple has even partnered up with major hospitals in the United States to set up a monitoring system that if your vitals reach certain levels the hospital will be notified and will then be able to call you to discuss your health situation with you. It sounds crazy, but this could be a revolution in health if privacy is held up and enough hospitals adopt this tech.
The World Cup is just around the corner and PureMobile is starting to get very excited for this world-class tournament to kick off. While many just want the games to get underway, there are lots who love to collect the best in World Cup merchandise and accessories. PureMobile knows this, and that's why we have already started bringing in awesome World Cup accessories in time for kick off. The most patriotic cases, for the best devices, from top brands like Tru Protection. Our tech club is ready to hit the pitch!
Tru Protection's cases are straightforward. Nine of the best soccer playing nations in the world, emblazoned on a easily installable case for the Apple iPhone 5 and 5S that provides solid protection from day-to-day threats. Here is what the popular Italian case looks like. Check out your favourite nation by clicking below!
Melkco is a brand new brand with PureMobile and we will be loading up on special World Cup accessories to celebrate. Accessories for the Samsung Galaxy S5, Apple iPhone 5/5S, and Apple iPad Air will be available very soon in anticipation of the World Cup and you can bet that it will be covered in the PureMobile Insider Blog.
Holy cow. It's finally here. The first long weekend of the year worth celebrating is upon us. We at PureMobile can't wait to get out there and have some fun. But, with plans comes, well, planning. If you are going out on the road there are some accessories that can really help that situation. We have chosen some really great accessories from companies like Blue Ant, Incipio, MiPow, and XMI that should help you overcome any issue that could come up. Check these out before you head out after you clock out of work today!
BlueAnt's Q3 Premium BT Headset allows you to pair, configure, and control your device, as well as make and receive calls. Optimized for Apple and Samsung phones, the Q3 requires just your voice to answer and make calls. The Q3 features 7 hours of talk time, voice isolation technology, and an ergonomic design.
The ATLAS ID™ Case delivers the most advanced technology to safeguard the iPhone 5/5S against water, shock, dirt and dust. Featuring a scratch-resistant tempered glass screen and fully functional fingerprint scan
The Mipow Power Tube 4000 Lightning is a powerful, portable, and practical charger. The Power Tube supports the charging of two devices at one time and while optimized for use with Apple products, the Power Tube ships with a micro USB cable, making it a nearly universal charger for any mobile device. This purple charger comes in an aluminum case and is sure to keep your device going, even when there is no traditional power source available.
Experience big sound with enhanced portability from XMI's We Speaker. Pair it up with your Bluetooth device for wireless playback, or use the provided cable to bring the sweet sound of music to your ears. This speaker features a 1.5 watt speaker in a ultra compact, 48 gram speaker that clips easily and inconspicuously to belts, bags, and keychains.
We are super, super excited to get our hands on this ladies and gentlemen. The TYPO Keyboard Case for the Apple iPhone 5/5S. While it has been involved in some legal trouble South of the border, the TYPO is now available in Canada through PureMobile and we have our review of this both infamous and famous accessory.
First off, this accessory looks slick. Sliding on in two pieces around your iPhone, it serves a double purpose as this case turned out to be a lot more case than I expected. It isn't Otterbox or Ballistic, but you will definitely save yourself some scratches just by using this keyboard case.
Now, the meat and potatoes, the keyboard itself. Built to resemble that keyboard design you are familiar with (hint: BlackBerry isn't too happy with these guys), it feels and responds very similarly to other QWERTY style keyboards on the market. It doesn't feel cheap and the materials make its use feel sleek. The fret located between key rows is pronounced, but not cumbersome, and typing is a breeze. No doubt, you can fly when you need to write up something quickly and with fewer errors.
Now that namesake, that's where I find the best value in his device. I am a BackBerry to iPhone convert. I definitely miss the keyboard because I have large hands and typing on an iPhone screen is just difficult. Once I get going a misstep isn't far off. The TYPO solves that. I am at home slamming the keys with this case and it really takes me back to a time I could BBM at lightning speeds.
The TYPO Keyboard Case is a lifesaver. It helps me save time while texting and enhances what I think is one of the weaker aspects of the Apple iPhone's design. While to some it seemed foolish, folks like Ryan Seacrest have not only endorsed this device, but invested in it and now that investment has paid off with the TYPO Keyboard Case.
Tablets are just awesome. They have brought people to technology who never would have tried with their simplicity and ease of use. But, all is not perfect in tablet land. While iPads and Galaxy Tabs have their perks, they are not necessarily good work devices for those who have a lot of professional writing or note-taking to do. Thankfully, companies have found a way to bring the two together using Bluetooth technology and a little innovation. Keyboard cases are slowly popping up everywhere, and it's blurring the line further between tablet and home pc. Here are three reasons why keyboard cases are making tablets everywhere better and more useful devices.
1. Getting things done faster
Obviously, the biggest reason for grabbing a keyboard case is speed. While tablets are special in their own right, by poaching the most missed feature of a laptop or PC, keyboard cases give you a best of both worlds type scenario whenever you wake your tablet. In just seconds you can go from tablet browsing to heavy duty keyboard typing with ease. It's a no brainer.
Best Typer: Incipio Steno Keyboard Case
2. Making your tablet more versatile
While keyboards are obviously helpful, they often come with other lesser known perks. Folios, cases, and extra protection are just some of the helpful additions a keyboard case can provide. Carry important documents along, hang onto receipts, even carry cash or cards with your tablet's keyboard case.
Most Versatile: iLuv Folio Jacket
3. Don't forget, style points!
Some keyboard cases just look really cool. While just about everyone is toting around a tablet, not everyone has caught on to both the functionality and style of a keyboard case. The look when it is actually in use is sophisticated and fashion-forward, and makes your tablet truly stand out.
Best Style: Kensington Keyfolio Exact
The FlipBelt burst onto the scene last year with PureMobile. With a unique design, a strong focus, and a bevy of logical solutions for fitness fans everywhere, it has become a very popular product not just on our site, but in the broader fitness world.
Built to be largely universal, the FlipBelt is essentially a pocket that wraps around your body. You simply put what you want to carry with you inside the belt and roll it up to hide and safely secure your items. It is usable with almost any phone, with the exception of larger phones like the Note 3, and also prevents moisture from seeping in by using quick-dry, wicking fabric.
In addition to using the FlipBelt for your phone, the FlipBelt is also very useful for storing keys, jewellery, change, and other small items that you may need while out on your run. These items are stored with the same confidence as your phone and is always easy to access when the workout is done. FlipBelt also comes in a variety of colours.
For a limited time, save 20% on all fitness accessories INCLUDING all available FlipBelt models. This deal, which requires the fitness2014 code at checkout, also applies to any product tagged within our dedicated fitness section. So stock up in time for the Spring and Summer, and get your hands on one of coolest accessories in the PureMobile store.


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The Stihl MS 181 (introduced in May of 2009) is the environmentally friendly version of the MS 180 chainsaw. They both have the 31.8 cubic centimeter engine with 2 horsepower. The MS 180 was first introduced in 1999 as the 018.
Stihl chain saws go green! The new line of occasional use chain saws by Stihl (with the MS 181 as the centerpiece) have engine emissions 70 percent lower than previous models and up to 20 percent less fuel consumption. The MS 171, MS 181, and MS 211 all carry the new Stihl Caring for Nature seal.
The powerhead of the MS 181 weighs only 9.5 pounds. That makes this ideal for the occasional user as well as a womans chain saw or a chain saw to be used by the older generation. If the MS 170 or MS 171 does not seem to have enough power, then the MS 181 may be perfect for you.
The MS 181 comes standard with the new reduced emission engine technology, Intellicarb carburetor, pre-separation filtration system, as well as the typical features on all occasional use Stihl chain saws and all common safety features.
This is a great chain saw for storm clean up and property maintenance, especially for the environmentally conscious owner. The catch is the additional 30% you are going to pay in price. You can leave the Stihl dealership with a brand new MS 180 for $200.00, but the MS 181 is going to set you back $260.00.
If you own an MS 181 Stihl or any other Stihl chainsaw you can write your own personal chainsaw review here


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Gaumont Bromley
44 High Street,
No one has favorited this theater yet
Located at the southern end of the High Street on the corner of Ravensbourne Road, close to Bromley South Railway Station in the south-east district of Bromley, in what today is part of Greater London. The Gaumont was opened by Gaumont British Theatres & Provincial Cinematograph Theatres(PCT) on 23rd November 1936, with Robert Taylor in "Secret Interlude"(Private Number) and Ralph Lynn in "In the Soup"
The exterior was faced in brick, with horizontal banding, and there was a flat topped tower on the corner over the entrance, which was faced in faiance tiles. A large vertical fin sign on the tower carried the name 'Gaumont' on both sides in neon.
The design of the auditorium was unique, in an undersea effect resembling the inside of a gigantic shell. With shell features around the elliptical proscenium arch, the entire colour scheme was in graded mother of pearl tints, and the whole space very much resembled the shape of the auditorium of Radio City Music Hall in Manhatten, New York. The Gaumont had a fully equipped large stage to host stage shows. It was equipped with a 4Manual/10Rank Compton organ, with the console on a lift to the left side of the orchestra pit, it was opened by organist Terance Casey. There was also a cafe/restaurant which could seat 150.
The Gaumont was closed by the Rank Organisation on 18th February 1961 with Bradford Dillman in "Circle of Deception" and Richard Basehart in "None but the Brave"(For the Love of Mike).
The building was gutted internally and converted into a department store. By 2009, the building has been sub-divided into several stores, one being Habitat, which is located at the former entrance to the Gaumont.
Recent comments (view all 2 comments)
Here a a couple of vintage photographs of the site of the Gaumont Bromley in 1935:
View link
A postcard view of Bromley High Street and the Gaumont in the late-1940's or early 1950's:
I was living in Bromley Common in the mid-1950s. My parents ran a grocery store there which, because it had a billboard for the Gaumont outside the shop, gave us free tickets each week. I used them to good effect. However, I seem to remember two other cinemas in Bromley at the same time. One was certainly the Astor (it was called something else by then), but there was a third, near the Astor, and for the life of me I can't think what it was called. I saw "The Vikings" (1958) there. Does anyone know the name of this cinema?
Just login to your account and subscribe to this theater


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Miller looks to bounce back, joins Xterra Malaysia-A A +A
Friday, May 2, 2014
AFTER almost suffering from hypothermia in his Xterra pro debut, Cebu-based triathlete Joseph Miller aims to bounce back today when he competes in the Xterra Malaysia in Kuala Lumpur .
"I will try to race strong in Malaysia since the climate is similar to the Philippines," Miller told Sun.Star Cebu in an earlier interview.
The non wet-suit race in Xterra Asia-Pacific Championships in Australia last month had affected Miller's game he started strong but swimming in freezing waters took him out of contention. He however managed to overcome hypothermia and finished the race.
Miller's event is the pro championships triathlon and will cover 1.5-kilometer swim, 30K bike and an 11K trail run.
His teammates Xterra champion Ben Allen and Jacqui Slack are all set for another challenging terrain this weekend. Allen finished fifth place in Australia last month, while Slack took third place in the women's division.
Miller said some of the top rated pros who joined in Australia will also see action in Malaysia.
Meanwhile, Cebuanos Tenggoy Colmenares and Jomer Lim join the fray in the age group division of Xterra Malaysia. Colmenares is in 40-49 age group, while Lim will join in the 30-34 age group. (RSC)
Published in the Sun.Star Cebu newspaper on May 03, 2014.
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Cagayan de Oro
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text: [ Historic Trails Center Hosts Celebrity Cook-off By Brian Scott August 15, 2012 The National Historic Trails Center Foundation's annual Taste of Wyoming Celebrity Chef Cook-off has become one of Casper's premier fundraising events... Read More|Comment Category: Casper News, Events Tags: celebrity cook off, foundation, NHTIC Send to a friend! Share on Facebook Share on Twitter Pin it! Reddit This! Share on Tumblr!


text: Bobby Vail | IBDB: The official source for Broadway Information IBDB: The official source for Broadway Information Official Broadway League sites: - sites - broadway.org broadwayleague.com broadwayfanclub.com kidsnightonbroadway.com stagespecs.org tonyawards.com Quick Search For: In This Category: All Show People/Org. Theatre Season Bobby Vail Performer Male Productions ProductionsDate of ProductionsCarnival in Flanders[Musical, Comedy, Original] Performer: Bobby Vail [Barber]Sep 08, 1953 - Sep 12, 1953Bernardine[Play, Comedy, Original] Performer: Bobby Vail [A.J. Witnick]Oct 16, 1952 - Feb 28, 1953The Number[Play, Melodrama, Original] Performer: Bobby Vail [Dolly]Oct 30, 1951 - Jan 12, 1952 Find out where Bobby Vail and are credited together © 2001-2015, The Broadway League, All Rights Reserved. (Copyright and Disclaimer)


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This is Caitlin's sister writing; Caitlin would never gush the way I'm about to gush.
The fact is, this sandwich is clever and beautiful and oh-my-gosh delicious. It's one of those that I serve and then just wait to watch the reaction people have to the first bite. I don't ever want to miss food rapture, and I assure you this makes it happen. Enjoy.
Steak Sandwich
Steak Sandwich
12 dinner rolls *
1 grilled flank steak
1 head Bibb lettuce
½ red onion, sliced into rings
Candied pecan spread
Frisch's blue cheese dressing **
Season the flank steak with salt and pepper. Grill to preferred doneness. Let rest before slicing.
Prep the rest of the ingredients: thinly slice the red onion, pick the leaves and clean the lettuce, cut the rolls in half lengthwise, thinly slice the flank steak against the grain.
To assemble the sandwiches, smear the bottom of the roll with the candied pecan spread, add a piece of lettuce, then some rings of red onion and a good portion of thinly sliced steak. Finish with a generous spoonful of blue cheese, and the top of the roll.
Serve hot. Makes 12 sandwiches.
* I love to serve sandwiches on dinner rolls because the dough is traditionally made with eggs and butter which yield a much richer bread.
** Anywhere else on the planet but Cincinnati, you're allowed (wink) to use the best dressing you can find.