text:
VW scandal is raising questions
And how to overcome those barriers
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Foreign banks have been facing difficulties non-stop since the
latest financial crisis, which triggered off as a credit issue in
the subprime enclave of the U.S. mortgage market in mid-2007, and
spilled all over the globe. The latest deterrents -- nagging
macroeconomic issues, the European sovereign debt crisis in
particular, and regulatory pressure -- also resulted in the
sector's latest underperformance.
A Fundamental View
Primary Headwinds
Now, the primary headwind for global banks is regulatory pressure,
which ensued from taxpayers' money and government intervention that
these had to fall back on in order to remain afloat. Moreover,
government efforts to alleviate industry concerns have
significantly raised political hurdles over time.
Politics will continue to influence lending decisions of banks for
as long as these remain financially dependent on governments.
According to banking regulators, if governments withdraw their
support from banks before giving them sufficient time to restore
their financial strength, the sector could collapse again.
The industry has been adopting tougher regulatory measures to
prevent the recurrence of a global financial crisis and restore
public confidence. In June 2011, the oversight body of the Basel
Committee on Banking Supervision proposed new rules that would
force the world's biggest banks to hold extra capital on their
balance sheets as protection and prevention against any financial
This extra capital requirement is an addition to the set of minimum
capital standards, known as Basel III, proposed by regulatory
officials of more than two dozen countries in 2010.
Additionally, the governments in Germany and France require a new
financial transaction tax and risk weighted asset clarification.
This may further lower the financial flexibility of banks in these
With these regulatory measures, the individual capital structures
of banks will remain under constant pressure. The resulting
slowdown at some big banks could be seen as a blessing in disguise
as it would eventually make their balance sheets more
Valuations Look Attractive
Balance sheet repair and credit environment recovery will make the
valuations of some non-U.S. banks attractive. Particularly,
valuations of the mega banks, which could comfortably maintain the
minimum capital norms mandated by the Basel Committee, will
experience the fastest valuation upside. Consequently, we believe
this would be the perfect time for mid- to long-term investors to
consider non-U.S. bank stocks, as their valuations are now
comparatively cheap.
Investors with short-term targets, however, should be very careful
while choosing non-U.S. bank stocks at this point as near-term
fundamentals remain weak. Asset quality lacks the potential to
rebound anytime soon as default rates for individuals and companies
are not expected to materially subside, and revenue growth might
remain weak with faltering loan growth.
The sector is not expected to witness a turnaround at least in
2012. If any improvement occurs, it will vary from country to
country, depending on industry circumstances. We believe that banks
in emerging economies -- Chile, Brazil or India -- look more
attractive, akin to certain regional banks in the U.S., Australia
and Canada that have capital strength, good funding and growth
Woes in the Eurozone
The same, however, cannot be said of European institutions.
European banks are most likely to underperform in the upcoming
quarters primarily due the ongoing debt crisis in the nation and
resulting capital pressure and deleveraging risk.
In early 2010, the debt crisis originating in the Greek economy
shook the stability of the European Union's (
) monetary policies. Starting as a solvency crisis in a single
country, the turmoil spread over to the entire Euro-zone.
The situation did not stabilize to a great extent in 2011 despite
financial assurance from the European Union leaders. Entering 2012,
the European debt crisis has heightened spreading fears of a
financial collapse in the continent.
Though Italy and Spain showed signs of improvement with support
from the government and European Central Bank, conditions in Greece
remain uncertain due to issues related to additional bailout funds.
Moreover, the high inflation will continue to force regulators to
tighten their policies in the Euro-zone, making banks less
Overall, the European Union is trying hard not just to restore
investor confidence but also the health of the continent's banking
system. The issue, however, remains far from being satisfied.
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text:
Logan Ryan still unsure if he'll jump to the NFL
By Matt Sugam
PISCATAWAY – Throughout the season, Logan Ryan made it clear that he wouldn't make a decision on whether or not he'd stay for his senior year or jump to the NFL until the bowl season.
Well, it's bowl season, and Ryan has come to a conclusion. He won't decide on his football playing future until after the bowl season.
"None of that decision [will come until after the bowl]." Ryan said after Rutgers first bowl practice. "I'll have to think about it with my family, my coaching staff and I won't even think about that until after the bowl game."
With the Russell Athletics bowl on December 28, the Ryan will have two and a half weeks to decide whether he'll return to college for his final year of eligibility or make the jump to the NFL. Underclassmen have until January 15th to do so.
"I have plenty of time," Ryan said. "But while I'm here and while we're in bowl week I just want to be a better football player and make this team better."
The 6-foot-0, 190-pounder is widely regarded as the best shutdown corner in the Big East. He recorded four interceptions and 14 pass deflections this season.
And while Ryan's goal has always win the Big East and go to a BCS bowl, the fact that Rutgers didn't win the league outright this year won't impact his decision.
"No, not at all," Ryan said. "I think what's going to impact my decision is just where I'm at as a football player and where this teams at, but like I said, none of that is coming until after this bowl game. We have one more bowl game and we take a lot of pride in winning bowl games so I want to keep that streak and keep that going."

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Earlier this year, the NSW Law Reform Commission (LRC) concluded that review and released a 400 page report in which it recommended that the general presumption in favour of bail be reinstated after many years of piecemeal changes which have reversed or muted that presumption.
Unfortunately, if Smith was showing liberal tendencies last year, his promise as a reformer was by then fast receding. This week it was reported that under pressure from the police, he is to fast track changes to the bail laws to reverse an entirely sensible decision of Justice Peter Garling of the Supreme Court made last February.
In that case, Lawson v Dunlevy, Jeremy Lawson, who had been arrested for a domestic violence offence, challenged a bail condition which required him not to drink alcohol, but also required his submission to a "breath test when requested by a police officer".
Garling, after commenting that "an individual could be tested every 15 minutes" if this provision was lawful, struck down the breath test requirement as contrary to the legislative scheme of the NSW Bail Act. He had no problem with the "no drinking" part of the condition.
This resulted in the State's Chief Magistrate advising his colleagues of his view that, in addition, curfew condtions where offenders must present themselves whenever a police officer comes to their front door, were invalid as bail conditions, in light of Garling's analysis. On that reasoning "no alcohol" or curfew conditions can be imposed, but added conditions compelling accused persons to frequently prove they are complying, are not.
The Legal Aid Commission in its submission to the LRC referred to a case of regular late night/early morning visits by police officers to the home of accused juvenile demanding to see her. This occurred on an average of five nights per week.
These conditions are wide open to arbitrary police action and abuse. It is therefore surprising that Smith should this week announce that he intends to expedite changes to overcome Garling's decision. The LRC's report said that if such conditions are re-imposed they should be clearly limited, so as not to be onerous.
Earlier, Smith had indicated he would consider the LRC report over a number of months and respond by the end of the year.
If onerous bail conditions are reintroduced this would be his fourth departure from a more enlightened approach to criminal justice by Smith. The first was the re-enacting of the so called bikie legislation, previously struck down by the High Court, under which any club or association can be "declared" — the result being that its members can have control orders imposed on them which prevent association with any other club member, regardless of whether either has committed criminal offences.
The second regression occurred with the new consorting laws, an outrageous reversion to the pre-1980s position under which entirely innocent people can be arrested for association with persons convicted of relatively minor criminal offences.
The third is the proposed abolition of the right to silence for criminal suspects, a disgraceful and unnecessary removal of an elemental right.
Why Smith has retreated from a more liberal justice agenda is an interesting question. Perhaps it is the Alan Jones/Ray Hadley tirades, or the influence of Mike Gallacher, the Police Minister, a former police officer himself who is said to hold great sway in cabinet, or the populist instincts of Barry O'Farrell who is yet to utter a liberal thought in the first 18 months of his premiership.
What should the government be doing? The law of bail is an ancient one and the first legislature to enact a statute was way back in 1275 when the English Parliament passed the Statute of Westminster of that year. That statute with amendments, continued in effective operation for more than 550 years, with the key determinant of the bail decision being the likelihood of the accused attending court for trial.
In NSW, these laws were adopted by the colonial courts and incidentally, would have been applied in the 1830s by the state's first crown prosecutor, Frederick Garling — incredibly a direct ancestor of Peter Garling, the current judge. In 1979, the Bail Act was passed to provide comprehensive bail laws, but reflecting the same ancient principles.
So what should the law of bail encompass in the 21st century? As a matter of international law, 167 countries including Australia have agreed to adopt a principle that it "shall not be a general rule that persons awaiting trial will be detained in custody..." — Article 9 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. That phrase is interpreted to require a presumption in favour of bail.
That principle derives from the right to liberty and the presumption of innocence. Those rights need to be balanced against the competing rights of individuals and the community generally to be protected from accused persons likely to commit later offences or who are likely to fail to appear at their trial.
The LRC report suggests that there be a general presumption of bail, but the circumstances of each accused person be considered. In appropriate cases bail can be refused where the danger to an individual or the community generally or the likelihood of the person not attending court for a trial, is high.
However, why is it reasonable for police to have power to harass people presumed to be innocent with frequent visits to their homes to check on their whereabouts or administer a breath test?
But the broader question is whether or not the major parties in NSW can throw up people determined to stand up for fundamental principles, in the face of eternal police demands for more powers.
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Posted Friday, September 14, 2012 - 15:57
Hmmm, I'm not swayed by your examples nor your argument.
I would want far more information of the specifics ... e.g. if a person is known to run amok and ignore curfew instructions(legal demands) or lives in an environment where they behave as they will with no regard, then It is reasonably arguable that this person should be closely monitored to ensure compliance.
Try dealing with a tearaway 16 old with more attitude than a bull with piles and a propensity for violence ....One case that comes to mind is the Brisbane boy who was well know to the police for violence and vandalism tried to rob a servo 'because he needed money to get drunk' . He was given a curfew but his parents were simply antisocial and didn't enforce it. He climbed out a window and visited an elderly person he knew , demanded money, she refused so he bashed her to death .
This is an extreme case but it makes the point that context is everything.
Posted Monday, September 17, 2012 - 17:56
My point is that people charged are presumed innocent. If they have been bailed then there should not be conditions so onerous that they can be breath tested every 15 minutes or woken up every night or twice per night- as a result of arbitrary Police power. Jusice Garling said the Bail Act does not allow that and it should not be amended to allow it.
Kirk McKenzie
Posted Tuesday, September 18, 2012 - 17:22
I noticed that Greg Smith had accepted an invitation from the new religious right (in the form of Generation Next) to open their next conference in October. Sitting next to The Tankard and other 'religious feminists', no doubt we'll see some crackdowns on adult behaviour in the name of 'saving the children' soon in NSW.
Given that he was a former President of the NSW Right to Life Association I'm not sure why anyone would think that someone so conservative, would not be a populist politician and easily swayed by the Sydney shock-jocks. His predecessor, the old grouper, John Hatsistagos, certainly was. What is it about the top legal job in NSW that makes it so attractive to the most conservative minds?


text:
Cities for Citizens
Improving Metropolitan Governance
In OECD countries, metropolitan areas often enjoy above-average rates of growth; they compete for foreign direct investment, have a leading position in the knowledge-based economy, and attract a disproportionately large share of immigrants. Yet they also are burdened with many problems including congestion, and the renewal of infrastructure, the spread of distressed urban areas. Better strategies for the development of metropolitan areas are vital if their rate of economic growth is to remain strong, but the governance structures currently in place are often outdated and ill-adapted to the tasks they face, especially given the sprawl of many metropolitan cities across many jurisdictions.
Drawing on the lessons from successful and unsuccessful attempts at the reform of metropolitan governance, this book identifies ways by which central and metropolitan governments can work better to optimise the potential of each urban region.
284 pages; ISBN 9789264189843
Read online, or download in secure PDF format
Title: Cities for Citizens
Author: OECD Publishing
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- Academic > Economics
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text:
Lake Manyara National Park, it's an excellent introduction to a safari in Tanzania. The scenic beauty alone is one of the main reasons why travellers visit and certainly deserves your attention. Ernest Hemingway described Lake Manyara as 'the most beautiful lake in all Africa'.
Tanzania is endowed with rich cultures, a great climate, both natural and geographic diversity and some of the friendliest people you could ever wish to meet. It is now a highly regarded tourist destination and one of East Africa's most popular.
If you have not yet been fortunate enough to have visited Tanzania on safari then I suggest a visit to Lake Manyara National Park, it's an excellent introduction to a safari in Tanzania. The scenic beauty alone is one of the main reasons why travellers visit and certainly deserves your attention. Ernest Hemingway described Lake Manyara as 'the most beautiful lake in all Africa'.
The park is located in the Arusha region in Northern Tanzania. The area of the park covers approximately 50km and sits at the base of the 600m high Rift Valley escarpment and the Manyara Lake. The park is famous for its vast herds of elephants, flocking flamingos which inhabit the land and its highly unusual tree climbing lions. The national park is also home to baboons, giraffes, hippos, wildebeest and zebras, providing you with an exceptional big four safari. A highlight to any visit to Manyara is without question its diverse population of birds. The park is widely considered to be one of the best places for bird watching in the world and has an impressive 400 different bird species to be discovered. Bird watchers can spot birds such a flamingo's, herons, water fowls, crowned cranes, crowned eagles and snipes.
The wildlife on offer at Lake Manyara pales in comparison to that of the Serengeti, Ngorongoro and the Tarangire, but what it lacks in wildlife it makes up for with unique wildlife species, pristine wilderness and idyllic landscapes which have given it a strong reputation as being one of the most beautiful places to visit in East Africa. The main reason for the lack of wildlife is because two thirds of this National Park is covered by the lake. For such a relatively small reserve it has remarkably diverse habitats, from open savannah grassland, marshes, acacia woodland and of course the Manyara River.
Because the park is located closely to the Tarangire National Park and the Ngorongoro conservation area, a stay at Lake Manyara is often combined with a visit to both nearby parks, for either day trips or longer stays at the parks along the Northern Circuit.
Lake Manyara is home to several incredible lodges and camps such as the Serena Lodge, Wild Africa Lodge, Lake Manyara Hotel, Lake Manyara Tree Lodge and the Kirurumu Tented Lodge. One of my favourite lodges is the Lake Manyara Tree Lodge.
Lake Manyara Tree Lodge is the only lodge in Lake Manyara and sits in the heart of the forest and is romantically exclusive with only having 10 intimate tree house suites, sitting within the remote corner of the reserve.
Tanzania on safari is an exceptional experience and one that you will never forget; you will take with you memories which will last you a lifetime.
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text:
Menhaden with lesions in the
Pocomoke River,
July 19, 2000
This is the third biweekly report for 2000.
Fish and Fish Health
As of July 9, more than 125,000 fish have been examined during fish health monitoring throughout the Chesapeake and Coastal Bays. Menhaden have comprised over 53,000 of the fish in the total catch. Overall percentage of fish with anomalies has remained less than 1%. Local summer season sampling events having greater than 1% affected fish have been limited to the lower Pocomoke River and Pocomoke Sound this year.
In the spring of 2000, some very young menhaden (post larval stage) in the Pocomoke River/Sound again showed similar anomalies to fish examined in 1999. Tissue of affected fish is being examined microscopically by pathologists. The presence of Kudoa-like spores associated with a myxosporidian parasite have been observed in the affected muscle of some of these fish. Histopathological examinations are continuing on fish collected more recently and the affected fish are infected with an invasive plasmodia similar to what was observed in menhaden during 1999. Fish from other tributaries have not been observed with external anomalies, however, a sampling of fish will be selected from field collections on other systems and submitted for more extensive examination in the laboratory.
Experimental studies with menhaden are also underway to try and better understand how ulcers develop and progress in the fish. Live menhaden (some with anomalies) were collected from the Pocomoke River on May 11, 2000 and brought to Horn Point Lab. On May 29, 2000 the fish were separated according the lesion severity, counted and placed in separate tanks for observation. Samples for histological examination were taken on May 29th and June 30th. Gross observations indicated rather remarkably that all external lesions seen earlier had healed, with very little mortality. Histology results are pending. John Jacobs at the Horn Point Laboratory is also maintaining a captive population of young-of-the-year Atlantic menhaden (1000+), and age 1+ fish (500+) for future research.
A reminder - please report fish kills, sick fish or fish with lesions to the Maryland Fish Health Hotline at 1-888-584-3110.
Pfiesteria and other Algae.
Weather, Water Flow and Water Quality
In the Pocomoke River, most physical water quality parameters are similar to previous years for this time of season with the exception of salinity. Salinity levels have tended to be lower this summer than 1999. Recent salinity measurements are the lowest on record for our intensive monitoring stations during the last three years in the river (see graphs below).
USGS monitoring station located on Nassawango Creek in the Pocomoke Basin in mid-July shows water levels 3-5 times greater than the 49 year historical median levels. Precipitation on the lower Maryland shore has been well above average recently (see map below)
Precipitation data from http://marfchp1.met.psu.edu/Maps
Continuous water quality monitoring stations are in place through the EMPACT program (Environmental Monitoring for Public Access and Community Teaching) at three sites on the Pocomoke River in the region of the 1997 fish kill; a fourth station will soon be running on the Chicamacomico River where fish health events have been recorded in previous years. River conditions for the Shelltown area during June and early July show water temperatures heating up to near 30 oC (about 86 Fo); dissolved oxygen levels in June fluctuated around 5-6 mg/L until the end of the month. The preliminary data set shows dissolved oxygen concentrations dropped below 2.5 mg/L on July 1 then quickly recovered to levels at or above 5 mg/L in the following days. Around the time of dissolved oxygen event, turbidity doubled on two occasions; once on June 29 and again on July 1, with temperature, pH and salinity also declining for a short period of time. Rain-water is naturally acidic and the pattern of events shown in the data are likely connected to rain and runoff in the region.
Search Maryland DNR
Restoration and
Protection | Bay Grasses |
Algae | Bay Monitoring
Return to the Maryland
DNR Home Page.


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Email us at email@example.com and let us know you are interested in serving on our Recruitment team. Please include your full contact information in the email.
Columbia International University AlumniCopyright 2012 - All Rights Reserved


text:
Prep football: Naples facing huge test against Mainland
Class 6A-Region 3 championship
Naples (10-2) at Daytona Beach-Mainland (11-1)
Key players: N — QB Kilton Anderson, RB Manny Morgan, DE Cody Christner, LB Nathan Jones. M — QB Shelton Willis, RB Kelvin Lee, DL Quinton Powell, DL Leonard Williams.
What to watch for: The only other time these teams met was in 2003 for the Class 5A state title. Mainland won that game 24-13 for the only football championship in the Volusia-Flagler county area. Anderson is starting for injured senior Billy Crook. It is the sophomore's second start. His first came last week in a 41-0 win over Fort Myers in which Anderson had four total touchdowns. Mainland's defense has given up just 92 points all year. It is led by Williams, ranked the fifth-best defensive end in the country by Rivals.com.
The Naples High offense steamrolled its way into Friday night's Class 6A-Region 3 championship game, averaging 45 points a game in the first two rounds of the postseason.
The Golden Eagles' defense has impressed as well, allowing just two touchdowns in two playoff games and holding last week's opponent, Fort Myers, to negative yards.
Two blowout victories will seem like the distant past when Naples (10-2) steps on the field at Daytona Beach's Municipal Stadium to face Mainland (11-1). Past performance will have no bearing against the Buccaneers, who the Golden Eagles say will be their most formidable opponent to date.
"Their defense is freaky," Naples coach Bill Kramer said. "They have ridiculous athletes all over the field. We haven't seen a team this big or fast this year, but it's the regional final – that's how it's supposed to be."
The regional final, Naples' the seventh in the past 11 seasons, pits the most successful team in Southwest Florida against a perennial power from the state's northeast region.
The Golden Eagles are one of only two football programs in Southwest Florida to win a state championship (Immokalee is the other) and the only one with two titles. Mainland, in the playoffs for the 18th straight season, is the only school in Volusia or Flagler counties with a championship, which it won in 2003 by beating Naples to win the 5A crown.
Naples has moved the ball at will this postseason. The Eagles have gained 933 yards and haven't punted at all in two games.
For the second straight week, the Eagles' offense will be led by sophomore quarterback Kilton Anderson. Starter Billy Crook sprained his ankle in the regional quarterfinals, and Anderson started last week against Fort Myers. Like last week, Crook will be in uniform on the sideline Friday and could play.
"Everybody has picked it up a notch, which is nice especially since Billy got banged up," Kramer said. "That's how it has to be. Everybody has to pick up the guys around them and play better, and they have."
Things might not come as easily against a Mainland defense that has allowed just 92 points total in 12 games, including five shutouts. Five players on the defense have Division I scholarship offers, including 6-foot-5, 254-pound Leonard Williams, who is ranked as the fifth-best defensive end in the country by recruiting website Rivals.
The Golden Eagles say the battle must be won up front if they hope to get back to the state semifinals for the first time since their 3A championships season of 2007.
"If we have good preparation, we'll do well," junior offensive tackle Dan Gallman said. "If we have good enough effort and play hard, we can win state."
Kramer said Mainland's defenders are bigger than those of Venice, who Naples lost to the final week of the regular season. The offense struggled against Venice, a 7A playoff team, managing just 161 yards in a 24-7 loss.
Naples' defense will be charged with stopping Mainland senior running back Kelvin Lee, one of 22 nominees for the 6A Player of the Year award along teammate Williams and the Eagles' Crook. Lee has 1,442 yards rushing and 10 touchdowns. He also is the team's leading receiver with 531 yards and five scores.
"We have to try to stop them as much as we can to give the ball back to our offense," senior defensive end Cody Christner said. "They're big, fast, athletic. We're excited to play them."
Both teams are eager to play, yet they realize this is just one step in their quest for another state title. Neither the Eagles nor the Buccaneers are content just to be in the regional finals.
For Naples, Friday night is a chance to win the fifth regional championship since 2001, all under Kramer. Three of the previous titles came in a row from 2001 to 2003.
Mainland has won six regional titles, all since 1998. The Buccaneers won for of them from 2002 to 2006, but this is their first trip to the regional finals since then.
"We don't take any of this for granted," Kramer said. "I still feel fortunate and grateful that we're still here playing in December."
Subscribe to the Naples Daily News
Need Help? Call us at 1-888-878-6842.
Monday-Friday: 6am-6pm / Saturday: 7am-3pm / Sunday: 7am-2pm


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We deliver flowers to these hospitals near Columbus North Carolina NC:
Columbus Regional Hospital
2400 East 17th Street, Columbus, IN, 47201-5360, (812) 379-4441
West Central Ga Regional Hosp
3000 Schatulga Road, Columbus, GA, 31995-3117, (706) 568-5000
Baptist Memorial Hosp-Golden
2520 Fifth Street North, Columbus, MS, 39703-2095, (662) 244-1000
St Francis Hospital
2122 Manchester Expressway, Columbus, GA, 31904-6878, (706) 596-4000
Doctors Hospital
616 19th Street, Columbus, GA, 31901-1528, (706) 571-4262
We deliver flowers to these funeral homes near Columbus North Carolina NC:
McMullen Mortuary Inc
PO Box 7907, Columbus, GA, 31908, (706) 569-8015
Parkhill Cemetery Inc
4161 Macon Rd, Columbus, GA, 31907, (706) 561-6360
Striffler-Hamby Mortuary
4071 Macon Rd, Columbus, GA, 31917, (770) 563-2372
Vance Memorial Chapel
PO Box 8066, Columbus, GA, 31908, (706) 323-8152
American Urn Inc
PO Box 1330, Columbus, IN, 47202, (800) 241-5134
Garland Brook Cemetery
, Columbus, IN, 47201, (812) 376-6375
Myers Funeral Service (Reed & Jewell) Chapel
3729 25th St, Columbus, IN, 47203, (812) 376-3341
Myers Funeral Service (Hathaway-Myers)
1022 Pearl St, Columbus, IN, 47201, (812) 379-4419
Murdock Funeral Home Inc
132 E Pine St, Columbus, KS, 66725, (620) 429-2795
Gass-Haney Funeral Home
2109 14th St, Columbus, NE, 68601, (402) 564-5227
Administrative Systems Inc
3360 Tremont Rd, Columbus, OH, 43221, (800) 486-1531
Bank One
1111 Polaris Park Way, Columbus, OH, 43271, (614) 244-6117
Diehl-Whittaker Funeral Service
720 E Long St, Columbus, OH, 43203, (614) 258-9549
Epstein Memorial Chapel
3232 E Main St, Columbus, OH, 43213, (614) 235-3232
Forest Lawn Memorial Gardens
5600 E Broad St, Columbus, OH, 43213, (614) 866-0200
Green Lawn Cemetery & Arboretum
1000 Greenlawn Ave, Columbus, OH, 43223, (614) 444-1123
Jerry Spears Company
, Columbus, OH, 43204, (614) 274-5092
Millennium Companies
2984 Blue Top Dr, Columbus, OH, 43232, (877) 565-7225
Robert C Carter & Associates Funeral Services
PO Box 2884, Columbus, OH, 43216, (800) 662-2783
The Clark Grave Vault Co
PO Box 8250, Columbus, OH, 43201, (614) 294-3761
Union Cemetery Association
3349 Olentangy River Rd, Columbus, OH, 43202, (614) 267-5471
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RIP Annette Funicello, queen of beach party films
05:00 AM, Apr 09, 2013
Written By
Yesterday I neglected to mention the sad passing of Annette Funicello, who died from complications of multiple sclerosis.
Many sites have noted Funicello was a legendary Mouseketeer, but she solidified her status as a pop-culture icon with the popular beach party films in the '60s.
The most recognizable beach party flick, Beach Blanket Bingo, was released in 1965, and it's still pretty entertaining to watch. Today, I urge you to take another look at the movie's first few minutes, which feature a singing, dancing Funicello with her frequent co-star, Frankie Avalon. And don't forget the amazing cameos in this one from Buster Keaton, Paul Lynde and Don Rickles:
Yes, Funicello's moves were pretty sweet; she starred in six classic beach party flicks and cameoed in a few more.
And though her image was squeaky-clean, many of us who grew up in the '80s will recall her role in 1987's cult classic Back to the Beach. That marked the performer's last major acting role, and it was the only time she shared the screen with Fishbone and Pee-wee Herman:
Turner Classic Movies airs Beach Blanket Bingo April 21. On May 20 TCM airs another cult classic Funicello appeared in, 1965's awesome spy parody Dr. Goldfoot and the Bikini Machine. (That movie contains one of my all-time fave opening-credit sequences!)
Few actresses laughed and partied more onscreen than Funicello. She left an indelible, cheerful mark on pop culture and will certainly be missed.


text:
Syrian Arab Air Force
|Syrian Arab Air Force
القوات الجوية العربية السورية
Syrian Arab Air Force Flag
|Air Force
|Military aviation
|Aerial warfare
|60,000 (including 20,000 reserve)
|Part of
|Syrian Armed Forces
|We are the Eagles
|766 aircraft [2]
|Six-Day War
Yom Kippur War
1982 Lebanon War
Syrian Civil War
2014 Northern Iraq offensive
|Chief of Air Staff
|General Issam Hallaq[3]
|Aircraft flown
|MiG-25 Inactive
The Syrian Arab Air Force (Arabic: القوات الجوية العربية السورية, Al Quwwat al-Jawwiyah al Arabiya as-Souriya) is the Aviation branch of the Syrian Armed Forces. It was established in 1948. Land-based air defense systems are grouped under the Syrian Air Defense Force, which split from both the Air Force and the Army.
The end of World War II led to a withdrawal of the United Kingdom and France from the Middle East, and this included a withdrawal from Syria. In 1948, the Syrian Air Force was officially established after the first class of pilots graduated from flight schools in the United Kingdom. The embryonic force saw limited participation in the 1948 Arab-Israeli War, conducting bombing raids against Israeli forces and settlements. One North American Harvard was lost to ground fire while attacking Ayelet Hashahar on 16 July, and another possibly shot down by Morris Mann (flying an Avia S-199) on 10 June. The Syrian Air Force claimed its sole kill of the war on 10 July when a Harvard supposedly shot down an Avia S-199 flown by Lionel Bloch.
Military governments formed after the war sought to bolster the air force, which began equipping with Fiat G.59s, ex-Egyptian Macchi C.205s and Supermarine Spitfire Mk 22s. In September 1952 the SAF received its first jet aircraft, the Gloster Meteor F.8. Additional Meteors, including the NF.13 night fighting variant, were delivered by the mid-1950s.[4]
The 1950s also saw Syria and Egypt attempt to unify as the United Arab Republic, and this was reflected in the Syrian Air Force with growth in personnel and aircraft. The union did not last. With the ascent to power of the Baath Party and Hafez Al-Assad, himself a former SAF Commander-in-chief, Syria began looking to the members of the Warsaw Pact for help and built closer ties with the USSR. This in turn led to a huge influx of Eastern-made equipment to the Syrian Armed Forces, including the Air Force.
In 1955 Syria placed an order for 25 MiG-15s, including several MiG-UTI conversion trainers. These were shipped to Alexandria and assembled at the Egyptian air base at Almazah, where Syrian pilots and technicians were trained to operate the aircraft. The fighters were at Almazah when the Suez Crisis broke out and several were destroyed on the ground by British and French air strikes. On 6 November 1956, a Syrian Meteor shot down a Royal Air Force Canberra PR.7 monitoring activity at SAF bases.[4] One Meteor was lost after another attempted intercept, the pilot and future president of Syria, Hafez al-Assad, crashing his aircraft while attempting to land in the dark.[4][5]
Sixty MiG-17s were ordered at the end of 1956 and Syrian pilots were dispatched to the USSR and Poland for training. The first aircraft arrived in January 1957 and by the end of the year two MiG-17 squadrons were defending the capital from their base at Damasucus' Mezzeh Military Airport.[4]
In the Six-Day War, the Syrian Air Force lost two-thirds of its forces with the rest retreating to bases in remote parts of Syria. This in turn helped the IDF in defeating the Syrian Army on the ground and led to the occupation of the Golan Heights.
The Yom Kippur War provided initial success for both Syria and Egypt, though again Israel inflicted more casualties in the air than it endured.
During the 1982 Lebanon War, the Syrian Air Force fought the Israeli Air Force in the one among the largest air-to-air combat of the jet age, involving approximately 150 aircraft from both sides. In six days (6–11 June 1982) of intense aerial combat, Syrian and Russian sources admit the loss of 24 MiG-23s (6MF, 4MS and 14BN), while shooting down no Israeli aircraft. Russian and Syrian sources continue to claim a modicum of success against Israeli aircraft in this conflict, but have been unable to provide any justification for their claims. Israel claims the destruction of 85 Syrian MiGs (including Mig-21s as well as Mig-23s).[6] However, at low altitude the Syrian Air Force effectively used Aerospatiale Gazelle helicopters in anti-armour role against advancing Israeli ground forces. In one such engagement, an Israeli tank column was stopped for some hours by SAF Gazelle missile strikes while approaching Ein Zehalta.[7]
Since the Lebanon War, the Syrian Air Force has attempted to procure Russian-made aircraft, but the full extent of this refurbishment is not known, nor are the exact numbers of planes or what types of aircraft are being supplied to the Air Force. This uncertainty is due to the degree of secrecy maintained by the Syrian government with regard to its military. It is known, however, that the Syrians have procured MiG-29s and Su-24s, which should give its Air Force a major improvement, although a rumor regarding the purchase of Su-27s that circulated in the 2010s has proven to be unfounded. In 2008 the Syrian Air Force was reportedly taking deliveries of 8 examples of new MiG-31E from Russia, as well as the MiG-29SMT and Yak-130,[8] although delivery of the MiG-31s may have been cancelled by Russia due to pressure from Western governments.
In July 2012 at the Farnborough Air Show it was announced that Russia would not deliver any new aircraft including the MiG-29M/M2s and Yak-130s while there was still a crisis in Syria, but it would still respect any previous refurbishment and maintenance contracts such as the Mi-25s.[9]
Operations during the Syrian civil war[edit]
During the initial phase of the Syrian civil war, up to mid-2012, the Syrian Air Force was involved in secondary roles, with no firing from aircraft and helicopters.
The situation changed on 22 March 2012, with an escalation in the use of airpower by loyalist forces,[10] starting with armed Mi-8 and Mi-17 helicopter gunships firing rockets and machine guns.[11] The airwar escalated further in mid June 2012, with the use of Mi-24/25 attack helicopters capable of dropping standard aviation bombs weighting up to 250 kg,[12][13] while the transport helicopters started dropping barrel bombs, essentially aerial IEDs.[14]
On 24 July 2012, the first attack sorties by fixed-wing aircraft were reported by the rebels and recorded on video: initially L-39 COIN armed trainers began using rockets, bombs and gun pods,[10][15] but they were quickly joined by MiG-21s and MiG-23s.[16][17] It took some other weeks before Su-22 dedicated strike aircraft joined the fight. In November 2012, the first Su-24 medium bombers were filmed dropping their heavy payload on the rebels.[18] In December 2012, conventionally armed Scud missiles and other similar ballistic missiles were fired against rebel positions.[19]
Following a report on the appearance of newly delivered S-8 air-to-ground rocket pods previously not operated by the Syrian Air Force, being employed on different aircraft,[20] on 22 October 2013, a S-8 armed MiG-29 was spotted and recorded on video while flying over Damascus, suggesting that the type was pushed into action for ground attack, possibly after the pilots attended specific training on the type.[21] Subsequently MiG-29's were recorded performing rocket and gun attack runs on rebels' positions.[22][23]
The first reported activity of Syrian MiG-25's in the civil war was recorded on 8 February 2014, when two Turkish Air Force F-16's were scrambled to intercept a Syrian MiG-25 which was approaching the Turkish border.[24] On 27 March 2014, a MiG-25 was clearly filmed while flying at medium altitude over Hama Eastern countryside, possibly delivering the bomb seen hitting the ground in the same video.[25] Till February 2014, Syrian MiG-25's were not recorded on any activity probably due to the kind of warfare, very different from what the MiG-25 has been built for, and possibly due to initial technical difficulties to keep the MiG-25 fleet in flying status.
The involvement of the MiG-25 in the Syrian Civil War marks the starting point since when all the known types of Syrian combat aircraft and ballistic missiles are actively used in the Civil War.
With the start of aerial operations by the Syrian Air Force, in August 2012, online publications[26] probably overestimating rebels' claims on the number of destroyed planes, assessed that the Syrian Air Force was suffering significant technical difficulties, resulting in less than half of the air force's best counterinsurgency aircraft such as the Mi-25 Hind-D being available at any given time. The same publications reported that an increased number of conflict fronts and severe maintenance burdens dramatically worsened the situation which was reported critical already before the beginning of the civil war. These problems were thought to account for initial start in the use of L-39ZA (attack variant) jets in a combat role by the government,[27][28] before further escalations. However, these operational limitations were overcome during 2013 as Syrian pilots and technicians with the assistance of foreign advisers and technicians began to improve their operational skills. In December 2013 Jane's reported that the Syrian Air Force had dramatically improved its operational capabilities during 2013, and was now frequently conducting up to 100 sorties per day with half of these constituting combat sorties.[29]
Insurgents counter the Syrian Air Force mainly using truck mounted, medium and heavy machine guns, dedicated antiaircraft cannons, small arms fire and starting in late 2012, MANPADS up to modern Russian and Chinese designs.[30]
In the same timeframe of the escalation in the use of the Syrian Air Force by the government, the insurgents increased the number of anti-aircraft equipment, overtaking different air defense sites and warehouses while receiving shipments of Chinese and Russian sourced material from external sponsors.[31] An overall improvement in accuracy was observed as well. This led to several Syrian Air Force jets and helicopters being shot down starting from August 2012.[32] Since insurgents besieged many airports, a high number of downed aircraft was recorded during take-off or landing. Also, many land raids and shelling of airbases led to an increasing number of aircraft and helicopters being damaged or destroyed on the ground.[33]
In spite of occasional shoot-downs, however, the Syrian Air Force remained largely unchallenged with a good overall combat efficiency and a superior fear factor recognized by the rebels themselves.[34]
Compared to modern Western air forces fighting against similarly armed enemies, like in Syria itself, Iraq and Afghanistan, the Syrian Air Force's main disadvantage is the low to nil number in precision guided weapons which allow the aircraft to stay out of range of small arms fire, AAA and MANPADS, while delivering an effective strike with minimal collateral damage. The same weakness prevents them from being able to hit multiple targets of opportunity in the same mission. However, in 2014 Jane´s Defence and Combat Aircraft Monthly reported of some MiG-29[35] and possibly some Su-24 jets capable of launching precision guided ammunitions.[36]
Syrian pilots are forced to spend most of their flying time at low to medium altitudes where battlefield threats are more potent. Based on the aircraft type, Syrian pilots use different attack techniques to deliver their unguided munitions: while L-39s use dive attack tactics, initially fast jets were generally performing a low to medium altitude bombing run at high speed deploying a sequence of flare thermal decoys to defend against IR homing missiles and pulling up after ordnance delivery.[37] Later, fast jets added rocket and gun dive attacks too.[38][39][40][41] Instead helicopters are seen flying at unusually high altitudes which minimizes their tactical effect and increases collateral damage, but increases their survivability since they cannot count on high speed and acceleration for protection as jet fighters do with the altitude putting them out of range of most of the ground threats. Mi-24/25 gunships were observed delivering decoy flares as well.[42]
Since the Syrian Air Force frequently attacks insurgent forces with helicopter gunships[43][44] and warplanes[45][46][47] aiming at populated areas with unguided weaponry, the bombings normally cause collateral damage to the civilian population and infrastructure.[48][49] After their initial prominent role till the end of 2012, Syrian Air Force L-39 were seldom if ever seen till December 2014: one of the two airbases for L-39's was overtaken and the other was set under siege by rebels. In December 2014, videos surfaced showing the planes coming back to operational status after undergoing a factory overhaul inside Syria.[50]
At the beginning of August 2015, a summary of the recent Syrian Air Force activity reported that during July 2015, the Syrian Air Force performed 6673 air attacks, the highest number since the beginning of the Civil War. It also reported that between October 2014 and July 2015, at least 26517 attacks were recorded.[51] This would show that combat attrition was overestimated, while the airframe overhauling and rotation increased the overall combat readiness of the Syrian Air Force since Syria could not count on new aircraft deliveries apart from some refurbished Iranian delivered former Iraqi Su-22 which escaped to Iran during the Gulf War in 1991 delivered in Spring 2015.[52]
Since early 2015, unconfirmed rumors reported that Russian pilots were flying many combat operations for the Syrian Arab Airforce.[53] No independent source confirmed the claim and no Russian pilots were reported among the downed crews in the following months.
Aircraft losses during the Syrian Civil War[edit]
|Air Force personnel
|Combat aircraft
|Attack helicopters
According to the Syrian Revolution General Commission (SRGC) claims since the conflict began the Syrian military lost 37 helicopters and 24 jets. Of these, 40 aircraft were shot down and the other 21 were destroyed in opposition attacks on military airports.[55] According to Strategy Page, nearly a hundred fixed wing and over a hundred helicopters have been lost. Some 400 aircrew was killed, captured, or missing.[26] Public observation via Google Earth of Syrian airfields shows a decreasing number of airframes parked in the open in contrast to the increasing number of recorded air sorties. The hubs of Syrian Air Force basing activity during the Syrian Civil War have been the airfields at Aleppo, Damascus, Latakia and Hama, however it is not possible to independently verify these information.
- In August 2012 Syrian pilot Hassan Mare'ei Hannadeh landed a MiG-21 at King Hussein Air Base and defected to Jordan.[56]
- The first loss of a fixed-wing aircraft was recorded on 13 August 2012 when a MiG-23 was filmed catching fire in flight, while automatic gunfire was heard on the background while the fighter aircraft was flying at low altitude in a level flight. The pilot ejected, and was captured and interrogated by the rebels on video.[57]
- The first video recorded combat loss of a helicopter came on 27 August 2012: a video recorded a burning Mi-8 or Mi-17 helicopter spiraling to the ground over Damascus, possibly hit by a ZU-23-2 antiaircraft gun[58]
- The first loss of a MiG-21 was recorded on 30 August 2012. Its registration was 2271. It was likely downed on take off or landing at Abu Dhuhur air base, under siege by rebels, by heavy machine gun fire.[59]
- A few days later a second MiG-21, registered 2280, was shot down and recorded on video on 4 September 2012. It was likely downed on take off or landing at Abu Dhuhur air base, under siege by rebels, by KPV 14.5 mm machine gun fire.[60]
- The first recorded loss of an L-39ZA Albatros, possibly by 23 milimeter anti-aircraft fire, occurred on 13 October 2012 near Khan al-Asal with the crew, Lt. Col. Haitham Ismail Zhuneida and Lt. Mohammed Salman Mohammed, being killed as they ejected at low altitude.[61][62]
- On 15 October, another L-39 Albatros was downed near al-Taana in the east of Aleppo by rebel ground fire.[63] Both pilots, Cap. Roni Ibrahim and Maj. Moti Shaaban Abbas, ejected and were captured. An Al Jazeera reporter, which reported the aircraft as a "MiG", managed to interview Ibrahim, while Abbas is said to have died in captivity. Ibrahim showed signs of having brawled with his captors and denied previous knowledge of Syrian civilians being targeted by airstrikes.[61][64]
- On 17 October 2012, a Mi-8 helicopter was shot down over Damascus, dramatically exploding in midair. It was likely hit by heavy machine gun fire with some of its improvised aerial barrier bombs exploding.[65]
- On 28 November 2012, a video showing the crash site of a large jet fighter was posted with rebels claiming they shot it down with an 9K310 Igla-1 MANPADS. The heavily burned out aircraft wreck has been identified as a Su-24MK2, being the first downed Syrian Air Force Su-24[66]
- The first confirmed loss of a Sukhoi Su-22 was recorded on 14 February 2013, when rebel forces shot it down using a MANPADS launcher.[67][68]
- One Mil Mi-17 helicopter was lost in an air-to-air accident when it hit the tail of a Syrian passenger plane on 28 February 2013, with the airliner landing safely at Damascus airport.[69][70]
- On 31 July 2013, a video surfaced showing the successful missile launch for a rebel operated 9K33 Osa system with a possible hit on a Syrian helicopter.[71]
- Another Mil Mi-17 helicopter was shot down by a Turkish Air Force F-16 on 16 September 2013 in Latakia province near Turkish boder.[72] The pilot is believed to have been captured and beheaded by Al Qaeda-linked insurgents.
- On 16 January 2014, the insurgents claim shot down a helicopter with a surface-to-air missile was recorded with a video showing a 9K33 Osa SAM system downing a Syrian Mi-8 or Mi-17 helicopter. The heavy damage on the plunging helicopter appeared to confirm the use of a bigger missile to hit the helicopter compared to the damage caused by MANPADS, AAA or small arms fire. Also, a video filming the TV screen inside the Osa vehicle matches another video taken outside. Another video of a different engagement surfaced on 18 January 2014, this time missing the intended target.[73]
- On 23 March 2014, one MiG-23 was shot down by a Turkish Air Force F-16, when it allegedly entered Turkish air space during a ground attack mission against Al Qaeda-linked insurgents.[74] The pilot ejected and managed to return to a Syrian Army checkpoint and denies violating Turkish air space. The plane crashed one kilometer inside the Syrian side[75][76]
- In August 2014 after the capture of al-Tabqa Air Force base in Raqqa, the Islamic State displayed three captured combat planes in a propaganda video.[77]
- On 18 September the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant claimed for the first time that it shot down a war plane conducting an airstrike on Raqqa city.[78]
- On 23 September 2014, one Su-24 was shot down by an Israeli Air Force MIM-104 Patriot Air Defense system, when it allegedly crossed the Syrian-Israeli ceasefire line during a ground attack mission against Al Qaeda insurgents.[79]
- 2015 Syrian Air Force An-26 crash: On 18 January 2015 al-Nusra Front claimed the shooting down of a Syrian Air Force Antonov An-26 transport plane attempting to land at the besieged Abu al-Duhur military airport, killing all 35 soldiers on board.[80][81]
- On 30 January 2015, ISIS claimed it shot down a Syrian Air Force fighter in Bir Qassab area of Damascus.[82]
- On 22 March 2015, a Syrian Navy Mil Mi-14 helicopter crashed or was downed over opposition held rural Idlib. At least 1 crew member was summarily executed on the spot, 4 were taken captive, and 1 remains unaccounted for.[83][84]
- On 24 April 2015, ISIS downed a Syrian MiG-23ML flying east of Khalkhalah air base in Sweida province. Pro - ISIS Twitter accounts claimed jihadist groups had captured the pilot, but later evidence suggested the pilot, Hassan Mohamed Mahmoud, shot himself to avoid capture.[85][86] State Television say the aircraft crashed due to "technical problems" on a training exercise and that the search for the pilot was ongoing.[87][88]
- On 16 May 2015, two Turkish F-16s shot down a Syrian Mohajer 4 UAV firing two AIM-9 missiles after it trespassed into Turkish airspace for 5 minutes. Witnesses on the ground reported seeing the target after being hit by the chasing F-16s breaking in three before crashing on the Syrian side of the border. Initially Turkey claimed it was an helicopter, but later confirmed it was an UAV.[89][90]
- During the Tadmur offensive (2015), ISIL captured Tadmur airbase. Two Mi-17s were found destroyed on the runway, and analysts suspect many MiGs are in storage in the bases 16 Hardened Aircraft Shelters.[91]
- On 24 May 2015, a Syrian military Mi-17 helicopter crashed near the Kweyris air base in Aleppo, which ISIL has besieged for over a year. All the crew composed of three people died. While the government claims it crashed due to technical failure, ISIL sources claim it was shot down.[92]
- On 11 June 2015, a Syrian Air Force Su-24 exploded in midair and crashed in the eastern countryside of Dara'a near Nahta village. While the Southern Front of the Free Syrian Army brigade Yarmouk Army claimed they shot it down when passing over the Brigade 52 base with 23mm AA fire, the damage suggests a midair weapon explosion as the cause of the crash.[93][94] The Syrian Media Organisation captured footage of the Su-24 going down.[95]
- On 3 August 2015, a Syrian Air Force MiG-21bis, departed from Hama Air Force base, crashed into a marketplace in the north-western town of Ariha during a bombing run when the pilot could not pull up after bomb release. The pilot died in the crash and several others were killed on the ground as a result of the air attack and plane crash.[96]
- On 15 September 2015, a Syrian Mi-17 helicopter was shot down when it was hit by a MANPADS shortly after take off. A first shot strayed away, while a second missile shot the aircraft down killing the crew.[97]
The Air Force command consists of:[98]
- 7 Attack squadrons
- 20 Interceptor/FGA/Reconnaissance squadrons
- 4 Transport squadrons
- 1 Electronic Warfare squadron
- 7 Transport/Attack Helicopter squadrons
- 5 Attack Helicopter squadrons
- 1 VIP Helicopter squadron
- 1 Training Group.
Air bases[edit]
Led by jihadist fighters from the Al-Nusra Front and an Ahrar ash-Sham battalion, Syrian rebels overran Taftanaz Air Base during the second week in January, 2013.[99][100] Forces of The Islamic State captured Tabqa Air Base on 24 August 2014.[101]
The roundel used by the Syrian Arab Air Force has the same basic design as that used by the Egyptian Air Force. It consists of three concentric circles, with a red outer part, white middle and black inner part. The unique part of the Syrian roundel is the presence of two green stars in the white circle, which is reflective of the two stars on the national flag. The fin flash is also an image of the flag.
Pre Syrian civil war aircraft inventory[edit]
Due to the high security level on everything military related, the past and present of the Syrian Arab Air Force is still largely unknown. This makes it hard to judge the real strength of the air force today.[102] Additionally, considerable losses to the opposition forces in the country's ongoing civil war are not accounted for here. The following information is compiled from multiple, pre 2012 Syrian civil war sources.
According to the Center for Strategic and International Studies in 2011 the aircraft inventory from Syrian Arab Air Force estimations, was:[103][104]
- 575 fixed-wing aircraft:
- Combat/reconnaissance/OCU aircraft: 461
- Training aircraft: 76
- Transport aircraft: 26
- 191 rotary-wing aircraft:
- Attack helicopters: 71
- Armed transport/utility helicopters: 120
Syria - Air Force Equipment at the year 2011. Totals in this table do not necessary accurately reflect combat attrition sustained during the ongoing civil war.[105]
|In service
(Global Security)[105]
|Combat aircraft
|MiG-29 FULCRUM
|84 according to Jane's Information Group. On the 31 May 2013 it was announced that a contract to supply at least 10 MiG 29 M/M2's had been signed.[106] Some capable of ground attacks.[35][107]
|MiG-25 FOXBAT
|8 Reconnaissance[105]
|MiG-23 FLOGGER
Ground attack
|MiG-21 FISHBED
|40 Reconnaissance - 15 Used as Trainers - 105 Capable of ground attacks [105]- More than 200 in service in 2010.
|Su-24 FENCER
|Ground attack
|Some upgraded to Su-24M2 variant [109]
|Su-22 FITTER
|Ground attack
|Probability that more were delivered from Iran to replace losses in the Syrian Civil War [110]
|Trainer aircraft
|L-39 Albatros
|Jet trainer
|Some capable of ground attacks[111]- More than 70 in service in 2010.
|MBB 223 Flamingo
|Primary trainer
|MFI-17 Mushshak
|Primary trainer
|Yakovlev Yak-130
|Light attack/Jet trainer
|Contract signed in December 2011. Damascus will receive nine aircraft by the end of 2014, plans to fully complete the contract for 36 aircraft in 2016.[112][113][114]
|Transport aircraft
|An-24 COKE
|An-26 CURL
|One crashed in January 2015.
|Il-76 CANDID
|Civilian Registration[105]
|Dassault Falcon 20
|VIP transport
|Civilian Registration[105]
|Dassault Falcon 900
|VIP transport
|Civilian Registration[105]
|VIP transport
|Civilian Registration[105]
|Yak-40 CODLING
|VIP transport
|Civilian Registration[105]
|Attack helicopter
|Mil Mi-24 HIND
|Attack helicopter
|SA-342 Gazelle
|Attack helicopter
|Mil Mi-2
|Attack helicopter
|Transport helicopter
|Mil Mi-8
Mil Mi-17 HIP
|Transport helicopter
|More than 130 in 2010[105]
Retired aircraft[edit]
- Ilyushin Il-28 BEAGLE - 6 bombers retired in the 1980s.
- T-6 Texan - Trainers.
- Gloster Meteor - 25 fighters retired in 1957.
- L-29 - Jet trainers.
- MiG-15 FAGOT - Fighters.
- MiG-17 FRESCO - Fighters.
- MiG-19 FARMER - Fighters.
- MiG-21 FISHBED - 60+ fighters among the earlier variants retired by 2005.
- MiG-23 - earlier variants, most if not all of the MIG-23MS and some MiG-23UB retired by 2005.
- MiG-25 - most of them if not all retired.
- Sukhoi Su-7 - 60 fighters/bombers acquired 2nd hand and retired in the 1990s.
The following have served as Commander of the Air Force:
- list incomplete
- (~1950) Colonel Muhammad Naser[115]
- (1950s) General Wadih al-Muqabari[116]
- list incomplete
- (~1960s) Colonel Muaffaq Assasah
- list incomplete
- (1964–1971) Lieutenant General Hafez al-Assad
- (1971–1978) Major General Naji Jamil[117]
- (1978-?) Subhi Haddad[118]
- (–1994) Ali Malahafji[118]
- (1994–1999) Major General Muhammad al-Khuli
- (2000–2006) Major General Yusef ALAhmad
- list incomplete
- (2010) Major General Ahmad al-Ratyb[119]
- (2010 – present) Major General Ali Mahmoud
Senior Officers
See also[edit]
|Wikimedia Commons has media related to Air force of Syria.
- ^ "bellingcat - The Syrian Arab Air Force, Beware of its Wings". Retrieved 13 February 2015.
- ^ Pre Syrian civil war aircraft inventory
- ^ "Council Implementing Decision 2012/424/CFSP of 23 July 2012 implementing Decision 2011/782/CFSP concerning restrictive measures against Syria". Official Journal of the European Union. 24 July 2012.
- ^ a b c d Nordeen, Lon; Nicolle, David (1996). Phoenix Over The Nile. Smithonian Instituition Press. pp. 345–347. ISBN 978-1-56098-626-3.
- ^ Nicolle, David (24 September 2003). "Canberra Down!". ACIG.org. Retrieved 24 July 2010.
- ^ Krauthammer, Charles (4 August 2006). "Israel's Lost Moment". RealClearPolitics. Retrieved 1 June 2012.
- ^ Schif, Ze'ev & Ya'ari, Ehud Israel's Lebanon War London Counterpoint 1986 pp160-1 ISBN 0-04-327091-3
- ^ "Russia defends arms sales to Syria". UPI. 29 September 2008. Retrieved 24 July 2010.
- ^ "Russia Blocks MiG-31 Deal With Syria". Middle East Newsline. 21 May 2009. Retrieved 24 July 2010.
- ^ a b http://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/reports/syria0413webwcover_1.pdf
- ^ "First video of a Syrian helicopter gunship attacking rebels near Azaz, northwest of Aleppo". The Aviationist. 22 March 2012. Retrieved 9 August 2013.
- ^ "Syrian air war escalates: the Mil Mi-24 Hind gunship makes its debut against rebel forces". The Aviationist. 12 June 2012. Retrieved 9 August 2013.
- ^ "New videos show Syrian gunship helicopters dropping bombs on Homs and Damascus". The Aviationist. 18 July 2012. Retrieved 9 August 2013.
- ^ "Syria's deadly barrel bombs". Smh.com.au. 2 September 2012. Retrieved 9 August 2013.
- ^ "Syrian Arab Air Force trainer jets turned into attack planes to strike rebel positions". The Aviationist. 30 July 2012. Retrieved 9 August 2013.
- ^ "Which figher jets did the Syrian government use to bomb its largest city, Aleppo? — Air Cache". Air.blastmagazine.com. 24 July 2012. Retrieved 9 August 2013.
- ^ Babak Dehghanpisheh (29 July 2013). "Syrian aircraft bomb Aleppo as rebels fight for city". The Washington Post. Retrieved 9 August 2013.
- ^ "Assad deploys Syrian Air Force Sukhoi Su-24 Fencer attack planes to hit rebels hard". The Aviationist. 16 November 2012. Retrieved 9 August 2013.
- ^ Gordon, Michael R.; Schmitt, Eric (12 December 2012). "Assad Fires Scuds at Rebels, U.S. Says, Escalating War in Syria". The New York Times.
- ^ Oryx. "Oryx Blog". Retrieved 13 February 2015.
- ^ "The Aviationist » Syrian Mig-29 Fulcrum jets appear in the skies over Damascus during ground attack missions". The Aviationist. Retrieved 13 February 2015.
- ^ "Syria Civil War- Fierce Clearly Visible Low Flight MIG 29 Airstrike On Syrian Rebels". YouTube. 21 March 2014. Retrieved 13 February 2015.
- ^ "لحظة إطلاق طائرة الميغ صاروخا باتجاه المصور - YouTube". YouTube. 27 March 2014. Retrieved 13 February 2015.
- ^ "Turkish F-16 jets scramble to intercept 2 Syrian Su-24s". Retrieved 13 February 2015.
- ^ R.S. "Luftwaffe A.S". Retrieved 13 February 2015.
- ^ a b "Attrition: The Destruction Of The Syrian Air Force". Retrieved 13 February 2015.
- ^ Chivers, C.J. (2 August 2012). "Syrian Leader's Weapons Under Strain". New York Times. Retrieved 2 August 2012.
- ^ "Syrian government using L-39 trainer jets to attack rebels — Air Cache". Air.blastmagazine.com. 9 August 2012. Retrieved 9 August 2013.
- ^ http://www.janes.com/article/31723/syrian-air-force-maintains-high-sortie-rate
- ^ Location Settings (2 December 2012). "Syrian rebels down aircraft". News24. Retrieved 9 August 2013.
- ^ "Sudan becomes the newest player in Syria's protracted conflict: NYT - Sudan Tribune: Plural news and views on Sudan". Sudan Tribune. Retrieved 3 September 2013.
- ^ Kaphle, Anup (13 August 2012). "Syrian fighter jet crashes; rebels claim they shot it down - WorldViews". The Washington Post. Retrieved 9 August 2013.
- ^ Tom A. Peter. "Syrian rebels struggle to keep regime Air Force on the ground (+video)". CSMonitor.com. Retrieved 9 August 2013.
- ^ Martin Chulov in Aleppo. "Syrian rebel raids expose secrets of once-feared military | World news". The Guardian. Retrieved 3 September 2013.
- ^ a b "Russia helps keep Syria's MiG-29s flying". Retrieved 13 February 2015.
- ^ Cooper, Tom (October 2014). "A NEW AIR WAR OVER SYRIA". Combat Aircraft magazine (Ian Allan Publishing) (10/2014).
- ^ "Video of Su-22 releasing flares during attack shows Syrian pilots are becoming concerned of surface to air missiles". The Aviationist. 22 October 2012. Retrieved 9 August 2013.
- ^ "\\خطير\\جبل الزاوية: لحظة انقضاض الطائرة الحربية \الرويحة\ - YouTube". YouTube. 1 February 2014. Retrieved 13 February 2015.
- ^ "Syria - Su-22 rocket attack from low altitude - amazing". YouTube. 11 May 2013. Retrieved 13 February 2015.
- ^ "The Aviationist » Syrian Air Force Su-22 leaking fuel after being hit by rebel fire". The Aviationist. Retrieved 13 February 2015.
- ^ "YouTube". Retrieved 13 February 2015.
- ^ "Video shows Syrian Mil Mi-25 gunship releasing flares. A sign that rebels got their hands on MANPADS?". The Aviationist. 17 August 2012. Retrieved 9 August 2013.
- ^ Bloomfield, Adrian; Willis, Amy (12 July 2012). "Syria: helicopter gunships fire on villagers in fresh massacre". The Daily Telegraph (London: Telegraph Media Group).
- ^ [1][dead link]
- ^ Linux Beach (30 June 2012). "BREAKING: Syrian Air Force attacks Douma, 10m from Damascus, thousands flee". Daily Kos. Retrieved 9 August 2013.
- ^ "Syrian forces push into Douma, residents flee". Trust.org. Reuters. 30 June 2012.
- ^ "Syria\ Shelling Douma by Al-Assad Military Planes". YouTube. 30 June 2012. Retrieved 9 August 2013.
- ^ "Syrian regime attacks hospital". CNN. 15 August 2012. Retrieved 15 August 2012.
- ^ "Syrian warplanes hammer rebel border town". Al Jazeera. 15 August 2012. Retrieved 15 August 2012.
- ^ Oryx. "Oryx Blog". Retrieved 13 February 2015.
- ^ http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2015/08/highest-number-syria-air-strikes-recorded-july-150801142450925.html
- ^ http://www.uskowioniran.com/2015/03/the-iraq-iran-syria-su-22-fitter.html
- ^ "Assad on the back foot". The Economist. 4 April 2015. Retrieved 17 April 2015.
A well-connected man in Damascus says many are flown by Russians, whose government backs Mr Assad
- ^ Sylvia, Westall. "Assad's army stretched but still seen strong". The Daily Star. Retrieved 23 September 2014.
- ^ http://www.ejection-history.org.uk/CONFLICTS/SYRIA_2011_2012/Syrian_Conflict.htm
- ^ "Syrian pilot defects to Jordan in fighter jet". London: CBS News. 22 June 2012. Retrieved 23 September 2014.
- ^ Spencer, Richard (13 August 2012). "Syrian rebels claim to have shot down Bashar al-Assad MiG fighter jet". London: Telegraph. Retrieved 9 August 2013.
- ^ "The Aviationist » Video: Assad's gunship helicopter shot down by rebel forces in Damascus, Syria". The Aviationist. Retrieved 13 February 2015.
- ^ "The Boresight". Retrieved 13 February 2015.
- ^ Brown Moses. "Brown Moses Blog". Retrieved 13 February 2015.
- ^ a b "Traductor de Google". Retrieved 13 February 2015.
- ^ Syria rebels down fighter jet near Aleppo: watchdog | The Raw Story
- ^ "عاجل لحظة إسقاط الطائرة وهبوط الطيار منها بحلب 15/10/2012 - YouTube". YouTube. 16 October 2012. Retrieved 13 February 2015.
- ^ Captured Syrian pilot speaks to Al Jazeera - YouTube
- ^ "Syrian Army Helicopter Explodes Midair". Military.com. Retrieved 13 February 2015.
- ^ Oryx. "Oryx Blog". Retrieved 13 February 2015.
- ^ Channel NewsAsia
- ^ YouTube
- ^ "PICTURES: Circumstances of Syrian A320 collision remain hazy". Flightglobal.com. 4 October 2012. Retrieved 3 September 2013.
- ^ http://english.alarabiya.net/articles/2012/09/20/239107.html
- ^ Oryx. "Oryx Blog". Retrieved 13 February 2015.
- ^ Fahim, Kareem; Arsu, Sebnem (16 September 2013). "Turkey Says It Shot Down Syrian Military Helicopter Flying in Its Airspace". The New York Times.
- ^ Oryx. "Oryx Blog". Retrieved 13 February 2015.
- ^ "Al Qaeda-Linked Islamists Capture Christian Town". CBN. Retrieved 26 March 2014.[dead link]
- ^ "Dramatic moment Syrian jet explodes as it is shot down by Turkish fighter planes for 'violating its airspace'". Daily Mail (London).
- ^ "Turkish F-16 shoots down a Syrian MiG-23". Retrieved 13 February 2015.
- ^ Dearden, Lizzie. "Islamic State: Isis flaunts captured Syrian fighter jets in video showing massacre". The Independent. Retrieved 23 September 2014.
- ^ "Islamic State shoots down Syrian war plane -monitor group". Reuters. 23 September 2014.
- ^ Raved, Ahiya (23 September 2014). "IDF: Syrian fighter jet shot down over Golan". ynet.co.il.
- ^ "Syria conflict: Army 'plane crash' kills 35 soldiers". BBC News. 18 January 2015.
- ^ "Syria's al-Qaida wing: We shot down Syrian army plane carrying food, ammo". The Jerusalem Post - JPost.com. Retrieved 13 February 2015.
- ^ oot-down-syria-warplane.ashx "Jihadis shoot down Syria warplane" Check
|url=scheme (help). AFP. January 30, 2015. Retrieved January 30, 2015.
- ^ Weiss, Caleb (22 March 2015). "Al Nusrah Front, allied rebels capture Syrian helicopter crew". The Long War Journal.
- ^ http://theaviationist.com/2015/03/22/syrian-navy-mi-14-crash-landing/
- ^ "Syrian pilot shoots self to avoid fiery ISIS execution". The Jerusalem Post. 6 June 2015. Retrieved 9 June 2015.
According to Syria's Shaam Times, the incident, which allegedly took place last week, involved a pilot named Hassan Mohamed Mahmoud, 29, who had began his sortie in a base in As-Suwayda, just north of the Jordanian border.Mahmoud reportedly ejected from his aircraft over Tel Shehab, a town in the Daraa governorate, which is in control of the Islamic State group. Shortly after, Mahmoud committed suicide.
- ^ http://luftwaffeas.blogspot.nl/2015/06/24th-april-2015-syaaf-mig-23ml.html
- ^ "ISIS Shoots Down Regime Aircraft in Syria". Arutz Sheva. AFP. 24 April 2015. Retrieved 24 April 2015.
- ^ https://es-la.facebook.com/ForMotherSyria/photos/a.424144207686770.1073741871.355786131189245/659498100818045/
- ^ Butler, Desmond (16 May 2015). "Turkey Says It Shot Down Syrian Helicopter". ABC News. AP. Retrieved 16 May 2015.
- ^ http://www.milliyet.com.tr/f-16-larin-vurdugu-iha-suriye-gundem-2060652/
- ^ "Islamic State Captures Tadmur (Palmyra) in New Sudden Streak of Offensives". Bellingcat. 21 May 2015. Retrieved 22 May 2015.
Two completely destroyed Mi-17s were also found at the airbase.
- ^ "Syria regime helicopter comes down in Aleppo province". TDS. AP. 24 May 2015. Retrieved 24 May 2015.
- ^ http://luftwaffeas.blogspot.de/2015/06/syaaf-su-24m2-shot-down-2015-06-11.html
- ^ Perry, Tom (11 June 2015). "Rebels say they shoot down Syrian military jet in south". Reuters. Retrieved 11 June 2015.
- ^ هام: إسقاط طائرة ميغ في مدينة بصر الحرير بريف درعا الشرقي (YouTube video) (in Arabic). Daraa, Syria: SMO Syria. 11 June 2015. Retrieved 11 June 2015.
- ^ http://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-33757846
- ^ http://luftwaffeas.blogspot.nl/2015/09/syaaf-mi-8-shot-down-2015-09-15.html
- ^ "Syrian Arab Air Force". GlobalSecurity.org. Retrieved 13 May 2011.
- ^ "Rebels 'take control of key north Syria airbase'". BBC. 11 January 2013. Retrieved 11 January 2013.
- ^ Anne Barnard (11 January 2013). "Syrian Rebels Say They Seized Helicopter Base in the North". The New York Times. Retrieved 12 January 2013.
- ^ "BBC News - Syria conflict: Islamic State seizes Tabqa airbase". BBC News. Retrieved 13 February 2015.
- ^ "Syrian Air Force - Al Quwwat al-Jawwiya al Arabiya as-Souriya". Scramble, Dutch Aviation Society. Retrieved 13 May 2011.
- ^ "THE ARAB ISRAELI MILITARY BALANCE" (PDF). Center for Strategic and International Studies. 29 June 2010.
- ^ "INSTABILITY IN SYRIA: Assessing the Risks of Military Intervention" (PDF). Center for Strategic and International Studies. 13 December 2011.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u "Syria - Air Force Equipment". GlobalSecurity.org. Retrieved 13 May 2011.
- ^ "Russia to sell at least 10 MiG fighters to Syria= May 31, 2013 10:12 AM".
- ^ "Putin defies Obama in Syria as arms fuel Assad". The Daily Star Newspaper - Lebanon. Retrieved 13 February 2015.
- ^ a b c d http://www.flightglobal.com/airspace/media/reports_pdf/world-air-forces-2014-108161.aspx
- ^ "Syrian air force maintains high sortie rate". IHS jane's 360. 16 December 2013.
- ^ https://www.bellingcat.com/news/2015/03/16/iranian-fighter-bombers-operating-in-syria/
- ^ "Syrian Arab Air Force trainer jets turned into attack planes to strike rebel positions". The Aviationist. 30 July 2012.
- ^ "Russia to Provide Syria with First Batch of Jet Trainers until End of Year". en.ria.ru/. Retrieved 5 May 2014.
- ^ http://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/2014/05/05/Report-Russia-to-send-first-batch-of-Yak-130-jets-to-Syria-.html
- ^ "Avionews.com - Syria: new Yak-130 trainer aircraft to arrive from Russia this year". Retrieved 13 February 2015.
- ^ "اغتيال العقيد محمد ناصر..تفاصيل – خفايا – آراء(2-4)". Alazmenah.com. Retrieved 3 September 2013.
- ^ Commander of the Syrian Air Force, General Wadih al Muqabari in the 1950s. Syrian History. Retrieved on 1 June 2012.
- ^ Al Moqatel - الحرب الأهلية اللبنانية
- ^ a b Batatu, 1999, p. 226.
- ^ http://www.inss.org.il/upload/(FILE)1287493352.pdf
Further reading[edit]
- Dijkshoorn, Marco (September 2010). "Syria's Secret Air Arm". Combat Aircraft magazine (Ian Allan Publishing) 11 (9).
- Cooper, Tom (October 2014). "A NEW AIR WAR OVER SYRIA". Combat Aircraft magazine (Ian Allan Publishing) (10).
External links[edit]
- Cooper, Tom (30 September 2003). "Israeli-Syrian Shadow Boxing". ACIG.org. Retrieved 13 May 2011.


text:
Election Day favorites: appetizer recipes
Published On: Nov 05 2012 10:22:22 AM EST Updated On: Feb 07 2013 04:36:04 PM EST
On election night, many of us will be attending result watching parties with friends. Make your party a hit with a few of these recipes.
The views expressed are not those of clickorlando.com, WKMG or its affiliated companies. This is a community moderated forum (Please note the 'Flag' button). By posting your comments you agree to accept our Terms Of serviceblog comments powered by Disqus


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I received really great financial aid, without it I would not have been able to come to Georgetown. The Georgetown Scholarship Program is excellent.
Campus Food:
Leo's could definitely be better, especially with the meal swipes and quality of food. There are a number of places on campus to eat besides Leo's Epicurean and Hoya Court are always good places to grab food.
Campus Housing:
The dorms are near the class buildings. With the exception of one dorm, all of the dorms are clean and easily accessible. Georgetown has a great social atmosphere with an incredible number of clubs and social groups.
Greek Life:
There is not much Greek life due to it being a Jesuit school.
The basketball and soccer teams are some of the best in the country for their respective sports. A trip to the Verizon Center is usually always worth it. Everyone loves the athletes and the guys are all well involved in the community.
Off-Campus Housing:
The townhouses are amazing. Georgetown is known for these houses and the kids that live in them absolutely love them. They are all close to everything.
Off-Campus Dining:
It cannot get much better than M street. It has everything anyone could ever want or need.
It is all pretty lenient besides the Honor Code. Do not plagiarize or get caught cheating.
Party Scene:
It is awesome. DC has so many possible options. Everything is within walking distance and there are always house parties going on. There are so many pre games that go on and Village A rooftops are always a popular option. The bars and clubs in DC are incredible. However, it could get pricey if you go a lot. The sports teams throw down a lot and their parties are always attended by a ton of people. Overall, the nightlife at Georgetown is excellent.
Theres no way around it; Georgetown is extremely expensive. The financial aid process is alright. They give what you need but not much else. DC is a very expensive city and it almost feels as if the school feels that the admission is enough.
Campus Food:
The food is all pretty decent. I wish meal swipes counted at every place on campus but it does not at the moment. Epi and Hoya Court are all great options but be ready to shell out some Flex Dollars. Leo's is actually a great dining hall with so many different options.
Campus Housing:
It is a pretty awesome experience. Everything is within walking distance and you really get to know the people that are living around you. The dorms are all pretty nice compared to other college dorms that I have seen and there is a real sense of a community in a dorm building. The food on campus is great and Leo's happens to be a very popular place for people to socialize.
Off-Campus Housing:
Good landlords are hard to find, but the opportunity to live in cute Georgetown townhouses is one of the best parts of attending the university.
Off-Campus Dining:
Clyde's and Tombs are delicious. Chipotle is a short walking distance from the front gates and is obviously delicious.
Very lenient on drinking policies. Your party will only be broken up if you're outrageously loud, and even then, you'll usually get a warning from an RA before your party is actually broken up.
Party Scene:
Party scene is pretty quiet, unless you're a member of the few exclusive clubs that frequently throw parties but are very competitive to join.
My financial aid was drastically cut after my freshman year because my sister graduated from college, even though my parents' income dropped from my freshman to sophomore year. Georgetown's claim that they meet all students' needs is completely false: they expect all of your parents' income to go straight to tuition, and don't keep in mind that families have other student loans, mortgages, bills, and food to put on the table. Financial aid is absolutely insubstantial.
Campus Food:
The best available option is using a meal swipe at Einstein's. Hoya Court options like Subway are good, but unfortunately do not take meal swipes.
Campus Housing:
Copley Hall, Village A, and Village B are all spacious and high quality housing, but could be vastly improved by basic renovation or upgrades to their amenities. Nevils is the best on-campus housing option, but is very competitive to get in the housing lottery. Options like LXR and Henle are best to be avoided, as they have rat problems and extremely low quality amenities.
Off-Campus Housing:
Students pay huge amounts of money to live in the small but expensive townhouses near campus.
Pretty relaxed on most things.
Party Scene:
Thursdays are a big bar night. Fridays are pretty hit or miss. Saturdays usually have decent parties. The social scene pretty much revolves around sports teams and clubs that throw parties. Nothing like a state school or true Greek school.
Campus Housing:
The buildings are old and outdated. Maintenance is also very slow and unresponsive to issues that arise frequently. Mice are a frequent problem in the apartment style housing.
Campus Food:
They close the top floor of the dining hall on weekends, so the food selection is much more limited.
Off-Campus Housing:
Expensive if near Georgetown, but some good steals.
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Georgetown University, similar to the government down the street, is a school for the students, by the students, and of the students. No other school so uniquely caters to undergraduates who are driven to take control of their education and college experience. It is for this reason that the students it attracts have purpose and drive to get the most out of their experience. The education is incredibly focused on the undergraduate experience, and the professors, fresh off of their jobs at Capitol Hill, make a special effort to be available to any students who want to pursue an education outside of the classroom. Since Georgetown is arguably the most international school in the country, practically every other student you meet has lived abroad, studied abroad, or taken a fascination with a certain region abroad, which creates a level of international diversity that's hard to emulate elsewhere. The resources all around students (from the determined peers to extremely experienced professors to the city of D.C. itself) are ripe for the taking, and that is exactly what the students do. Everywhere you look, students are driven with ambition. Students have direct control in many organizations, including an entirely student-run business with a gross revenue of $4 million, the largest student credit union with assets exceeding $17 million, and orientation and peer ambassador programs that help students adjust to life on the hilltop.
However, this fast-paced life is not for everyone. It can be exhausting having to compete with the Georgetown students around you who have an internship, job, and/or high-ranking position in some club or another. The acceptance rates for all of the individual programs are often more competitive than the very low rate to get into the school itself. In addition, the school does not offer a Greek system or tailgate experience to ease the competitive edge. Most of the social life is, like the school, motivated by students who go out into the bars and nightlife of D.C. and create their experiences. At times, even the gothic architecture and scenic riverside location cannot ease the stress. Essentially, Georgetown offers incredible resources to those who want to take advantage of them, and many of the ambitious students come to the school to do exactly that. It can be the best place in the world if the fit is right, but make sure that it is; otherwise, be prepared to get swept up in a whirlwind of activity if that's the case.
Compared against the students in the chart, you are in the:
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|99-03 Ford Excursion Forum This forum is for topics relating to the Ford Excursion only.
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New 03 7.3 Excursion owner with a couple questions
Hi, just bought a 2003 Limited with 153,000 miles on it. Meticulously maintained by a friend of mine who passed away last winter in a tragic avalanche accident.
Anyway, it has an edge juice w/attitude and a full turbo back MBRP exhaust. It was never used for towing, just crosscountry driving. My first question involves the transmission, what is the better mod to deal with the higher tuner settings: a new valve body/shift kit, an electronic tranny controller, or both? Eventually when the converter dies I'll get a nice converter but until then what is the best way to firm up the tranny to deal with the increased power?
Also I'm tracking down a front end wobble and clunk. The clunk seems to be right under my feet on the driver's side so I'm assuming its the sway bar link bushings and will replace them. As far as the wobble, the pitman arm ball joint is bad, have a new one to replace that and I can grab the steering stabilizer and pull it foward and back about an 1/8" so I'm pretty sure it is shot. I'm also leaning towards just replacing all the ball joints since it has 153,000 on it but I jacked each side up and put a 6 foot long 2X6 under the tires and pulled up on them and could not get a clunk to save my life so I don't think they are bad. Could the stabilizer and pitman arm joint be enough to cause a bad wobble by themselves?
Additionally, the front pinion seal has a small leak. Is this as easy as just pulling the nut and u joint piece off, pull the old seal out and putting a new seal in and bolting the u joint piece back on? I'm hoping it is that easy, don't want to deal with crush sleeves, I couldn't find a good thread that addressed it.
Thanks ahead of time for any help. I bought it in Colorado and drove it straight thru back to Washington and am truly in love with it already. It is my wife's new vehicle and two trips in it and she has fallen in love with it also. This is the ultimate cross country touring vehicle.
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