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This responds to the request of the Honorable Gail S. Schoettler, State Treasurer, for a formal Attorney General Opinion regarding the investment of highway user tax funds ("HUTF") in non-interest bearing general revenue fund warrants.
The State Treasurer may not invest HUTF moneys in non-interest bearing general fund warrants.
|No. 93-4
AG Alpha No. TR TR AGATD
April 13, 1993
This responds to the request of the Honorable Gail S. Schoettler, State Treasurer, for a formal Attorney General Opinion regarding the investment of highway user tax funds ("HUTF") in non-interest bearing general revenue fund warrants.
- May the State Treasurer invest HUTF moneys in non-interest bearing general revenue fund warrants?
I. State Treasurer
All funds received by or accruing to the State of Colorado are transmitted to the custody of the State Treasurer. Section 24-36-103, C.R.S. (1988). The Treasurer is responsible, subject to legislative direction, for the safekeeping and management of such funds. Colo. Const. art. X, Section 12. The General Assembly has generally directed the Treasurer to deposit all state funds in banks doing business in Colorado, Section 24-36-104, C.R.S. (1988), and has also authorized the Treasurer to make certain specific deposits and short term investments of such funds. Sections 24-36-109, 24-36-112, and 24-36-113, C.R.S. (1988). Under current practice, the Treasurer invests all state funds, including HUTF, in an investment pool. State funds so invested earn interest in proportion to their average daily balance in the pool. The Treasurer credits such interest earnings to the individual sources of state funds on a monthly basis.
The General Assembly has also authorized the Treasurer to use "[f]unds on hand or in his custody or possession eligible for investment, to invest in non-interest bearing general revenue fund warrants". Section 24-75-208, C.R.S. (1988). "Non-interest bearing general fund warrants" means any warrant issued against general revenue funds at a time when moneys accruing to the general revenue funds have not been received and credited to such funds. Section 24-75-207, C.R.S. (1988). Pursuant to Section 24-75-208, the Treasurer withdraws state funds, including HUTF, from the investment pool for the purpose of "investing" in such non-interest bearing general fund warrants.FN1 The result of such withdrawal and "investment" is that the withdrawn funds do not earn interest while invested in such Section 24-75-208 warrants, thereby reducing the earnings that would otherwise be credited to those funds had they not been withdrawn from the pool. The express purpose of the investment by the Treasurer in such Section 24-75-208 warrants is to improve the management of public funds "to enable the state ... promptly to make disbursements of legally appropriated moneys prior to and in anticipation of receipts of the general revenue funds." Section 24-75-206, C.R.S. (1988). The Treasurer invests in such warrants in order to, among other things, cover general revenue shortfalls.
Article X, Section 18 of the Colorado Constitution provides that proceeds derived from certain sources must be used exclusively for highway purposes. Such proceeds are made part of the HUTF.
The statutory provisions that create the HUTF and that allocate moneys from the HUTF are found mainly in Sections 43-4-201 through -216, C.R.S. (1984 & 1992 Supp.). Revenue derived from the various sources that are earmarked by art. X, Section 18 are credited by statute to the HUTF and appropriated exclusively for public highway purposes. See Sections 43-4-202 through -204, C.R.S. (1984 & 1992 Supp.).FN2 That revenue is then allocated according to statute, e.g., for the highway crossing protection fund and to cover the costs of the Colorado State Patrol. See Sections 43-4-205 and -206, C.R.S. (1984 & 1992 Supp.). Certain percentages of the remaining moneys in the HUTF are then allocated to the state, counties, and municipalities, to be used solely for state highway, county road, and city street purposes, respectively. See Sections 43-4-206 through -208, C.R.S. (1984 & 1992 Supp.). In addition, other statutes authorize the use of HUTF moneys for highway-related purposes. See, e.g., Sections 25-3.5-603, C.R.S. (1989 and 1992), 42-4-111, C.R.S. (1984), and 42-8-110, C.R.S. (1984).
The issue here is whether the Treasurer may invest HUTF moneys in non-interest bearing general revenue fund warrants, where such investment is for a general fund purpose and results in a loss of interest income that would otherwise accrue to the HUTF.
Statutory provisions concerning the investment of funds by the Treasurer are subject to constitutional limitations. Colorado State Civil Service Employees Ass'n v. Love, 167 Colo. 436, 448 P.2d 624 (1968). Where a constitutional provision and a statute are in conflict, the constitutional provision must prevail. Passarelli v. Schoettler, 742 P.2d 867 (Colo. 1987). The intent of Sections 24-75-206 through -208 is to use state funds for general fund purposes, including to cover temporary shortfalls in the general revenue funds. Article X, Section 18, however, precludes the use of the special fund HUTF moneys for such general fund purposes.
Article X, Section 18 provides, in relevant part, that:
[t]he proceeds from the imposition of any license fee, registration fee, or other charge with respect to the operation of any motor vehicle ... and the proceeds from the imposition of any excise tax on gasoline or other liquid motor fuel ... shall, except costs of administration, be used exclusively for the construction, maintenance, and supervision of the public highways of this state....
(emphasis added).
Where the language of a constitutional provision is plain and the meaning clear, that language must be enforced as written. Colorado Ass'n of Public Employees v. Lamm, 677 P.2d 1350 (Colo. 1984). The plain meaning of the article X, Section 18 term "proceeds" is "that which results, proceeds, or occurs from some...transaction", and the term includes income, such as interest income. Black's Law Dictionary 1084 (5th ed. 1979). Also, the meaning of the term "exclusively" is "excluding [others] from participation, ... limiting use, ... single, sole...." Webster's Third New International Dictionary 793 (1971). Colorado courts have narrowly defined the term "exclusively." In Cache La Poudre Reservoir Co. v. Industrial Claim Appeals Office, 757 P.2d 173, 175 (Colo. App. 1988), the Court of Appeals determined that the phrase "used exclusively" (in Section 8-70-103(11)(a)(I)(C), C.R.S. (1986)) could not be interpreted broadly to mean "primarily" or "principally," but instead must mean "without exception" or "solely." The court noted that if the General Assembly had intended a more broad interpretation, it would have used terms such as "principally" or "primarily." Accord Dole v. West Extension Irr. Dist., 909 F.2d 349 (9th Cir. 1990).
The natural and plain meaning of the language of article X, Section 18 clearly limits the use of HUTF moneys (including interest income "proceeds" from such moneys) to purposes concerning the construction, maintenance, and supervision of highways. Johnson v. McDonald, 97 Colo. 324, 49 P.2d 1017 (1935). The Treasurer's investment in Section 24-75-208 non-interest bearing general fund warrants to pay general revenue debts or to otherwise meet general revenue fund obligations is a general fund (as distinguished from a special fund) purpose. That purpose is inconsistent with the exclusive use of HUTF for the special purposes of construction, maintenance, and supervision of public highways required by the plain meaning of the language of art. X, Section 18. Johnson v. McDonald(the constitutional provision "makes the proceeds of the taxes mentioned therein not available for general purposes"); City of Trinidad v. Haxby, 136 Colo. 168, 315 P.2d 204 (1957) (art. X, Section 18 removes excise taxes on motor fuel from availability for general state purposes).FN3
The conclusion that the Treasurer may not invest HUTF moneys in Section 24-75-208 warrants is further bolstered by the fact that the Treasurer is prohibited from using interest earned on HUTF moneys for general fund purposes. Art. X, Section 18 of the Colorado Constitution requires that interest earned on the investment of HUTF shall be credited to the HUTF and used exclusively for the construction, maintenance, and supervision of the public highways. See Baer v. Romer, State Treasurer, Civil Action No. C-61529, Denver Distr. Ct. (February 27, 1978).FN4 Since the Treasurer can not use HUTF interest for general fund purposes, it is clear that neither can the Treasurer use the HUTF itself for such purposes.
Accordingly, Colo. Const. art. X., Section 18 limits the purposes for which HUTF moneys may be used. While the General Assembly retains its appropriate authority over those revenues within the sphere of highway purposes delineated by art. X, Section 18, Johnson v. McDonald, the use of HUTF moneys to "invest" in non-interest bearing general revenue fund warrants for general state purposes is clearly not within the sphere of such highway purposes. See, e.g., Opinion of the Justices, 155 Me. 125, 152 A.2d 494 (1959) (purpose of art. IX, Section 19 special motor vehicle fund is to prevent diversion of such revenues from highway purposes); Williams v. Swensen, 93 Idaho 542, 467 P.2d 1 (1970) (all moneys in art. VII, Section 17 special motor vehicle fund must be used for designated purpose and may not be diverted); and JM-593 Op. Att'y Gen. (Tex. 1986), citing Brazos River Conservation District v. McCraw, 91 S.W. 2d 665 (Tex. 1936) (Tex. Const. art. VIII, Section 7 special motor vehicle funds may not be transferred, loaned, diverted, or appropriated to some other use).
The Treasurer may not invest such Colo. Const. art. X, Section 18 HUTF moneys in non-interest bearing general revenue fund warrants.
Attorney General
Assistant Attorney General
Colo. Const. art. X, Section 18 Sections 24-75-206 through -206, C.R.S. (1973 & 1992 Supp.) Section 43-4-203, C.R.S. (1973 & 1992 Supp.)
The State Treasurer may not invest HUTF moneys in non-interest bearing general fund warrants.
FN1. Funds invested by the Treasurer in such warrants are not actually an "investment," since they do not earn interest or produce income or revenue. "Investment" is defined, generally, as "the laying out of moneys in a way intended to produce revenue ... or secure income...." Black's Law Dictionary 741 (5th ed. 1979).
FN2. Other revenues that are derived from non-HUTF sources and that are credited by || 43-1-219 and 43-1-220, C.R.S. (1984) to the "state highway fund" and to the "state highway supplementary fund" (not to the HUTF) are not earmarked by Colo. Const., art. X, | 18 exclusively for highway purposes.
FN3. In addition to the constitutional prohibition, the statutory language of || 24-75-206 through -208, C.R.S. (1988 & 1992 Supp.) may not allow the Treasurer to invest HUTF moneys in non-interest bearing general fund warrants. Sections 24-75-206 through -208 authorize only the investment of "public funds" (See | 24-75-206), and HUTF moneys may not be "public funds." In discussing an old age pension fund, our Supreme Court has stated that the term "public funds" does not encompass moneys in "special funds" which "stand segregated for a special and designated use." Pensioners Protective Ass'n v. Davis, 112 Colo. 535, 540, 150 P.2d 974 (1944). The HUTF is a special fund available for one specific purpose only: its moneys are not part of the general fund or available for general fund purposes. E.g., Johnson v. McDonald, 97 Colo. 324, 49 P.2d 1017 (1935); City of Trinidad v. Haxby, 136 Colo. 168, 315 P.2d 204 (1957). Because the HUTF is "not the general property of the state ... is not creditable to the general revenue of the state and is designated for purposes other than such revenue", Strong v. Industrial Comm'n., 71 Colo. 133, 204 P. 892 (1922) (treasurer not authorized to invest moneys from state compensation insurance fund in state warrants), it would probably not qualify as "public funds" which may be invested under || 24-75-206 through -208. See, Pensioners Protection Ass'n v. Davis.
FN4. See also State Highway Commission v. Spainhower, 504 S.W. 2d 121 (Mo. 1973) (interest earned by a constitutionally dedicated special motor vehicle fund must be credited to that fund, notwithstanding statue directing State Treasurer to invest all funds in state custody and to deposit all interest earned in general fund); and JM-3231 Op. Att'y Gen., (Tex. 1985) (interest generated from revenue of a constitutionally dedicated special fund is required to be allocated to the principal of that fund, and could not be diverted to the general revenue fund by any act of the legislature).


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(based on 15 reviews)
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Most Liked Positive Review
...One box to hold them all...
I got this for my wife and she was ecstatic! Now she has somewhere appropriate to keep her LOTR jewellery... comes in handy for other jewellery as well, and is a beautiful...Read complete review
I got this for my wife and she was ecstatic! Now she has somewhere appropriate to keep her LOTR jewellery... comes in handy for other jewellery as well, and is a beautiful addition to the bedside table. The quality and attention to detail is excellent. Recommend to any LOTR fan.
Most Liked Negative Review
It is a beautiful design but cheap made
It is a gret looking box but after checking it out for awhile the decrative metal band around the top came un glued, and the tall door wouldn't stay closed. After further examination it...Read complete review
It is a gret looking box but after checking it out for awhile the decrative metal band around the top came un glued, and the tall door wouldn't stay closed. After further examination it looked cheap made and was not worth the money I spent on it.
Reviewed by 15 customers
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Gorgeous- Beautifully-Exquisite
By Thorin Lover
from PA
Comments about The Lord of the Rings Middle-earth Treasure Chest Jewelry Box:
This is the ONE Jewelry box you must have for your lifetime. Well made, rich wood coloring, detailing is exquisite. Glass inlaid top is gorgeous!Truly an exceptional piece of artwork to admire. Wonderful storage to place all my Middle Earth jewelry in. Best choice I have made to own and cherish.You will love it, I promise you will not be disappointed.
Bottom Line Yes, I would recommend this to a friend
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(0 of 2 customers found this review helpful)
By twcoa
from Rhode Island
what!it doesn't come with the jewelry!
(1 of 1 customers found this review helpful)
•.¸ø¤º Thank you º¤ø¸.•
By Jenni Beanz
from Hunter Valley, Australia
About Me Collector, Fun Loving, Passionate
I bought the LOTR Treasure Chest for my daughter for her 21st. She is going to love it.Very happy, bigger and heavier than expected.Satisfied with my purchase.
By JMI
from Milford, CT
About Me Avid Reader, Movie Buff
I've had my eye on this jewelry box for quite some time now. I finally gave in & decided to treat myself. I am so glad that I did! I was a bit nervous after reading some of the other reviews, but I am thrilled with this purchase. It is beautiful!! My only complaint is that the lock doesn't work. It seems to be broken/bent because it doesn't line up correctly when turning the key... Which is a bummer because I love this feature.
(1 of 2 customers found this review helpful)
wonderful gift
By fluer
from youngstown,OH
About Me Midrange Shopper
I love this jewelry chest!!
(2 of 2 customers found this review helpful)
Dream jewelry box
By Witchypoo
from West Yorkshire UK
The LoTR Treasure Chest is beautiful, but one of the doors is missing a catch, so swings open. But as I got it at a reduced price I can live with it.
Beautiful item. I love it!
By Dawn
from Harrisburg, PA
A lovely jewelry chest, really substantial with lots of compartments. Obviously I keep all my TLotR jewelry in it, plus a few special pieces which deserve a really nice home.
(3 of 3 customers found this review helpful)
By Dave
from VA
Bottom Line No, I would not recommend this to a friend
(0 of 1 customers found this review helpful)
It's BEAUTIFUL!
By squidsleen
from Menomonee Falls, WI
About Me Budget Shopper
It's a beautiful jewelry box!
By LOTR Collector
from Springfield, Missouri
See all my reviews
A lovely jewelry box, but it didn't hold as much as I hoped. I kept looking for other doors & drawers. But it's very pretty.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
i guess theres no one on euw then.........
I have been having trouble recently. I just can't seem to be able to burst people down as quickly as I should be able to. Using Ahri, I can get a full combo of her skills out easily, but when I have to use DFG with it, it all falls apart and I can't do much more than DFG-> Q.
Any tips? I've long known my mechanical skill isn't the best, I'm simply not really very good at clicking fast enough to get off so many spells in a second. I use DFG on 1 right now. Maybe I should move it to another item slot~?
I'm getting kinda uneasy as S3 is drawing to a close pretty soon I guess, with Worlds coming up, and I'm still sitting at Silver I. I'm really hoping for Gold for the Victorious skin that'll come out...
4 v 5 RANKED. HOLY ****ING SHIT. I'm so ****ing happy @____@
Just looking for a duo queue. I havent played in a while but i started bronze 5 and now bronze one and still climbing. I can do any lane other than ADC. Preferably have skype and 17+
Theres NO WAY that grab got me>_>


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Because at 160,000 years, the party is just getting started.
Eight days ago, I was packing up my friend's dirty tent, exhausted and satiated after an incredible weekend in Louisa, Va. Twin Oaks, a rural intentional community in central Virginia, was the site for the 2015 Communities Conference. The plug for the event, according to the website: "If you live or want to live according to the values of cooperation, sustainability, and equality this conference is for you. You'll get something out of this event whether you're brand new to communities and cooperatives, or have been living and working in them for decades. The conference focuses on Intentional Communities, including models such as ecovillages, cohousing, and housing cooperatives, and the larger cooperative movement, including all kinds of cooperative and collective organizations."
As a proud member of a brand new intentional community, it felt fitting to find myself back at Twin Oaks, the beginning of my ongoing journey that led to ecovillages in rural Missouri, organic farms in Keezletown, Va., action camps in West Virginia, and ultimately, a burgeoning baby homestead in Hinton, Via.
The communities movement is not new news: From ecovillages to college dorms to co-ops, folks have been experimenting with intentional alternative living for decades, with degrees of success as varied as the participants. The movement has been garnering increasing attention in recent years. Articles featuring Twin Oaks, one of the oldest communities in the U.S., can be found on CNN and ABC. A CNN photo series from August 17 captures some vivid snapshots of the community throughout the 2000s.
The conference drew over one hundred registries, representing close to a dozen communities. There were old-timers who've lived non-conventionally for decades, and kids like myself, who have spent a handful of months in the homesteading, intentional community, co-housing game.
Anarchist collectives from Richmond. Va., faith-based organizations, groups from New York City to Oregon, to homesteaders from the Midwest all participated in the four-day-long event. It was a chance to network, reconnect with old friends, attend workshops, brainstorm, and commune with nature and a fabulous gathering of peoples. I was reminded of why I am living ten miles from my job, and spend my off-days doing things like weeding and building composting toilets out of scrap material.
Tanya, an intern at Twin Oaks writes, "Communal living can be a mode for survival under capitalism. The finances of it are pretty intuitive: you're sharing resources and labor with a group of people, so you can do more for cheaper.
"Communities have the marvelous potential to become sites of personal and political healing. To build systems that can feed, house, employ, and nurture people is therapeutic work. Having a place where your labor is valued, your needs are met, and where you have friends shouldn't be as revolutionary as it is."
The fact of the matter is, whether you're the owner and manager of hundreds of acres of farmland, living in a dorm room, or watering your first potted plants, humans seem to be called to share life together. The Communities Conference highlighted the creative potentiality for doing this. While living in intentional community is a ginormous commitment for a host of reasons, it makes returning back to nature and focusing on DIY solutions much easier.
Additionally, I know my mental health has never been better than when I'm surrounded by a group of loving friends, striving for a simpler, richer lifestyle.
The Fellowship for Intentional Community is a nonprofit that provides a plethora of resources regarding cooperative living, including a directory of intentional communities, a communities magazine, and much more.
All MOTHER EARTH NEWS community bloggers have agreed to follow our Blogging Best Practices, and they are responsible for the accuracy of their posts. To learn more about the author of this post, click on the byline link at the top of the page.
We live in the southern part of our state and some volunteers who picked up firewood to distribute to those who can not get it for themselves came all the way from the northern part of our state to haul away firewood we set aside. As they were loading three cords of firewood, one of the volunteers commented about drones. All I knew about drones was that they were used to spy on people, they interfered with normal air traffic, that they were developing them to deliver packages and they were being used for military purposes.
The gentleman who was so enthused over this technology started to inform me of the positive uses they present and how they are a totally new industry much like the cell phone was several years ago. He challenged me to Google their good uses and check out the positive contributions they are being developed for.
Not being one to ignore a reasonable challenge, I did some research on drones and was amazed at how they can be utilized in so many different ways. They can be used to survey areas to develop more accurate maps. They can be equipped with heat sensors and used in search and rescue at far less cost than putting people out there searching for those lost.
Here in the mountains, we frequently have people lost in the mountains and finding them with drones would be a major plus. They are already being used to investigate wildfires and determine needs and personnel or equipment to help fight them. They can be used to access disaster areas to assess needs and deliver medical and survival supplies. They can be used as support for ambulances as they don't have to fight traffic congestion and can be faster plus deliver defibrillators or other critical medical supplies to victims.
A drone ambulance is being developed that can deliver a medical kit and emergency supplies much faster than a ground ambulance. Living remotely as we do, these applications could and would be beneficial to us and could save our lives. In the spring when it is mud season, or winter when roads drift in, getting drone medical assistance could be life-saving when no other means would be available to us.
The more research I did and the more I read about drones, the more I could see why the gentleman collecting firewood was so excited by these flying robots. Professional pilots are going to be needed for them and manufacturers of drones will be challenged to develop drones that will meet specific needs. This seems to be something to be excited about and may be the new industry in our future.
There are several practical uses of drones for agriculture needs. Farmers and ranchers (from the comfort of their home) can check the development of crops and keep track of livestock. Irrigation systems can be aerially observed plus they can keep a watch on their land and fences. Water sources can be routinely checked to make sure no polluting factors are being introduced into the system and no irrigation problems exist. The positive applications seem endless.
I read that Google purchased a company that manufactures drones that can boost internet use to remote areas. While we live in a remote area and have internet access not all people have that access so that will benefit many. Foresters can check tree growth and insect problems with drones and wildlife officers can do animal surveys utilizing them.
The military and police have been using drones for quite some time but new uses in the private sector seem endless. What these aerial robots are capable of is nearly endless and I can see how we may become very dependent on them as more and more uses for them are discovered. They are affordable running from $1,000.00 to $20,000.00, plus being extremely practical. As they proliferate the airways they will need to be carefully regulated so they aren't running into each other or airplanes or helicopters but that should be relatively easy to accomplish.
It does seem to me that the possibilities of drones are extensive and that we will all benefit greatly from their development and implementation. To be able to use them for search and rescue by being able to locate a person faster and at a fraction of the cost is a very positive use of this relatively new technology. At night when searchers have to come out of the woods drones equipped with infrared and night vision could continue the search. The agriculture uses are mind boggling. If ranchers have livestock in peril they can respond to the exact place needed. They can also do it in less time than constantly patrolling their property would require.
What came immediately to mind was hurricane Katrina and how long it took relief to access the destruction. A drone could do it in a fraction of the time and then direct specific needs to the area where they are most needed. Having visual ability of the area could help prioritize specific needs. They could carry medical supplies and survival supplies to those in most need until physical help could reach them.
Disaster relief uses would seem to be a priority in the implementation of drones. The wildfires in the West would especially benefit from their use. People would know what the status of their homes were and firefighters could map specific areas of need. I even read about how they can apply fire retardant from the air.
All this technology exists and just needs to be implemented. I'm glad I was challenged to look into drones as there is a new world available that I was totally unaware of regarding these airborne robots. It was a subject that I had not given any thought to previously but thankfully there are those who are able to visualize the benefits of drones.
For more on Bruce and Carol McElmurray and their life in the mountains to to: McElmurray's Mountain Retreat.
Photo courtesy of Google images
What is essential to know when living and farming with carnivores? I would suggest that the most important aspect to understand is who they are. Get to know how they live, how they think, their complex social lives and much more.
That is why I wrote my newly published book, I Am Coyote. Although coyotes are the native wild dog of our North American continent, who they are is unknown to most people. Today, coyotes have filled all those important niches left empty after the extermination of wolves in the United States. And in most place, coyotes are playing the important role of the keystone carnivore — one that most affects the healthy balance of species and the protection from disease for all, including us.
Let me share a little of my book with you. In my work as a conservation biologist in Maine, I spend a great deal of time with the people in our communities and on our farms. These are the people who have inspired me to write my book, for they are full of questions and wonderings about this species. In my first blog post for MOTHER EARTH NEWS, I wrote about the importance of understanding historical perspectives. So my book is firmly placed in the history of our American continent, and the relationship of different cultures to coyotes.
But I have decided to write this historical journey from a single female's point of view. She disperses from her family's territory in Algonquin Provincial Park in Ontario, Canada, and journeys in the dead of winter through eastern Canada, carefully finding her way through the great city of Montreal unnoticed, and then discovering a way to cross the mighty St. Lawrence River. Her long journey takes her to Maine, where she finally finds her mate. And together they travel on to Baxter State Park in the wilds of northern Maine.
During her long journey, I create flashbacks of the coyotes' lives in the prairies of North America and their relationship with Native Peoples, and then the European settlers. What was it that caused her mother, a western coyote to find her way to Canada and then mate with an Eastern Canadian wolf? Discover for yourself her mother's journey.
Back now to our young female coyote: Once she and her mate settled into their territory in Baxter State Park, I share with the readers the complexities of a coyote's social life, their relationship as mates, the bringing up of their pups, their role as a predator, and all the hardships of the life of a wild being. Though I tell a story, all the history of our continent and peoples, and the ecology of coyotes is historically accurate and ecologically authentic.
I will leave all the particulars of this special story for you to discover. It is my hope that after reading it, you will have a greater understanding of the intelligent, socially complex carnivore, with whom you share your farm. May your life and your farming be enriched by this understanding.
I Am Coyote, is available on Amazon and can be ordered from your favorite bookstore.
All MOTHER EARTH NEWS community bloggers have agreed to follow our Blogging Best Practices, and they are responsible for the accuracy of their posts. To learn more about the author of this post, click on the byline link at the top of the page.
We're often inspired by the articles in MOTHER EARTH NEWS featuring community projects across the country: neighbors gardening and growing food, tiny house subdivisions, community gardens and fence removals, neighborhood art and culture. We've our own little story to share with the rest with the hope of inspiring others in this broader movement towards greater connection with people, planet, and place.
What we call "Edible 'Hood" started when my wife, Katy, grew one hundred tomato seedlings for neighbors our first full summer at our Be the Change homestead in Reno, Nevada. We put the seedlings on a small table in front of our former driveway (the driveway's become hugelkulture beds since then) and made a point to spend lots of time in the front yard so we could connect with neighbors as they stopped by and went home with tomato seedlings. It was a great success and has been the single best way we've met neighbors from just a little farther away.
Each year, Edible 'Hood has grown and each year it has helped to create the neighborly connection that is the foundation of our growing edible neighborhood ecosystem and a truly connected community in our beautifully diverse, low-income neighborhood. Last year, Edible Hood received a $1,000 grant from the Pollination Project. With it we purchased over 20 fruit and nut tree guilds complete with production trees, five+ edible support species plants, compost, and a soil-building seed mix from a local nursery (Loping Coyote). We gave these guilds away to over 20 interested households and taught over 40 neighbors how to plant and care for their perennial guilds.
Two days after we handed out the fruit/nut tree guilds, a 12-year-old neighbor (who had successfully avoided eye contact with us for nearly three years on his way to and from school) stopped by to ask if we thought it would be a good idea to start a garden at his house. That sweet opening radically changed our summer plans and has wildly expanded Edible 'Hood.
With the help of his extended family, a donation from a supporter and fellow permaculturist, other tree guild recipients and neighbors, a local cooperative committed to providing healthy food for homeless people (Grow Reno), local businesses and nonprofits, and our continued volunteer labor, Edible 'Hood has grown this season to include:
• A large permaculture garden on a busy corner lot which provides fresh produce for more than a dozen neighbors. This "Giving Garden" is a growing center of neighborhood connection and relationship-building and offers hands-on learning and small stipends for up to five low-income young people each weekend of the 6 month growing season.
• Our neighbor's neighborhood-scale backyard composting operation through which he creates and gives away great compost.
• Free classes taught by neighbors and local experts including cool season gardening, herbal remedies, and cooking from the garden.
• The new opportunity to create a small learning center across the street from the Giving Garden on a vacant lot our Two Hands Collective non-profit just purchased with the generous support of friends and supporters.
This is a seed that really wants to grow!
Kyle Chandler-Isacksen runs the Be the Change Project with his wife in Reno, Nevada. They are dedicated to creating a just and life-sustaining world while having fun doing it. They were one of MOTHER EARTH NEWS' Homesteads of the Year in 2013. Shoot him an email.
All MOTHER EARTH NEWS community bloggers have agreed to follow our Blogging Best Practices, and they are responsible for the accuracy of their posts. To learn more about the author of this post, click on the byline link at the top of the page.
I just got back from my first vacation to Yellowstone National Park. Cursorily, as Mark and I drove through the park, I found myself humming and singing This Land is your land by Woodie Guthrie. As a child of the early 60s I always favored this song among all the others that dote on our country.
Living in my beautiful city, but concrete jungle nonetheless, I often forget the vastness of our land. I also forget the diversity in our landscapes. As we drove from Seattle to Idaho, on to Montana, then Yellowstone, and back I marveled at the enormity in its various permutations. There was ample time to pause and think about the natural abundance around us and most important: how to value it, protect and save it, and share it with one and all.
We drove past the high deserts in our state we saw the windmills responsible for creating some of our energy. While driving through Idaho and parts of Montana, I saw signs about hydroelectric dam projects, and when fishing on the Snake River in Wyoming, I heard talk of fracking issues near Yellowstone. Driving the whole way I was continuously aware of the gas that my hybrid was consuming and wondered if our travels were even sustainable.
When we returned from our travels I was excited to look up how wind turbines work and their impact on our states energy supplies. I did a bit of research on the new and more efficient thinking on damns and then I checked out some old articles on fracking near Yellowstone. As I looked into these topics further I was reminded of how little our popular media sources cover with regards to what I hold important. I also discovered how little I know about other region's environmental issues. I now plan to find new media resources that cover what holds significance in my life.
Finally I looked up Woodie Guthrie's song and it's lyrics to try and understand why it resonated with me while driving through one of our greatest treasures. The song research unfurled into quite an interesting journey for my soul. To think all of this work was inspired by going on vacation in Yellowstone – what a gift, indeed. It seems that when we break our day to day routines our minds get the space to think about all sorts of bigger picture things.
How can you take a break from your daily life to see what you will you discover? What are your news sources that you educate yourself through and are they worthy? Do you have ways of getting energy from your region that are new, effective, and innovative?
All MOTHER EARTH NEWS community bloggers have agreed to follow our Blogging Best Practices, and they are responsible for the accuracy of their posts. To learn more about the author of this post, click on the byline link at the top of the page.
The recent earthquakes in Nepal devastated the lives of millions of small farmers and other rural people. They killed at least 8,800 people, completely destroyed some 594,000 houses and severely damaged another 280,000. In all, more than 2.3 million people cannot return to live in their homes. Most of them are living in temporary shelters made of tarps located on land close to their ruined houses. They are working to re-establish their damaged farms, while using their half-collapsed houses to cook or store goods as they gradually rebuild them.
The village of Chiri Kharka was among the most affected communities. The destruction there was so complete that the 15 surviving families abandoned their land and moved to the nearby village of Mahankal, where they have taken up temporary residence in makeshift shelters on borrowed land while they look for a new home.
Despite their lost friends, their crumbled houses and scarred landscape, people smile and laugh as they get on with the business of living. Proof of their resilience is everywhere: In the weeks since the earthquake, they have managed to move their families and salvage belongings across a mountain, build shelters, plant crops, and begin re-establishing their herds, as collapsed pens and buildings killed many of their goats and cows.
Chiri Kharka is on the mend, and its healing is being led by its young women leaders, such as Saraswati and Parabati Thapa Magar, the secretary and treasurer of the women's group they helped form 11 months ago.
The group, the first women's organization of any kind in Chiri Kharka, has played a critical role in the recovery efforts, building on its recent successes learning vermicomposting, establishing a fodder nursery to improve the production from their goats, and setting up a savings and credit cooperative to provide small loans to members for school fees, farm inputs, and other basic needs.
The situation is especially difficult for women in rural Nepal due to decades of culturally instilled gender inequality and discrimination. Women have limited access to education and health services and cannot obtain credit to invest in productive enterprises that would improve their families' food security, livelihoods, and wellbeing. This inability to access capital reinforces their marginalization and inequality. Groundswell International and its local partner BBP Pariwar work to foster a constructive environment in which the women may analyze their situation, identify existing problems, examine the various alternatives to overcome these problems, and then choose, plan, and implement the best solutions.
Saraswati and Parabati are not the only young people leading the way. At the conclusion of our meeting with the village, we learned that Bhim Kumari Thapa Magar, Saraswati's and Parabati's friend, would graduate from the 10th grade, earning her place in the final two years of high school.
The earthquake recovery will be long and arduous for Nepal, and especially for communities like Chiri Kharka that lost so much. But with such strength of spirit and emerging leaders like these, there is no doubt that the future will be brighter than the past.
Groundswell International started working in Nepal two years before the earthquakes and has increased its support, from four to 23 villages, in recent months to facilitate recovery in the earthquake-ravaged countryside. Groundswell is helping Nepal's most vulnerable rural people to recover their farming livelihoods and begin to rebuild their homes and lives. Specifically, our work focuses on providing women from the "untouchable" class (dalits) with alternative means of earning income, recapitalizing their livestock assets, and applying ecological agriculture principles to improve their animal husbandry and farming practices to maximize livestock and farm production to recover their household economies.
Photo by Christopher Sacco, Groundswell International
There is one time of the year in the mountains that is special and above all other seasons in my opinion. Spring, summer and winter all have their special beauty but it is fall that titillates four of our five senses.
Springtime treats us to slightly warmer temperatures and replaces the bleakness from winter. It is at this time that we have fields of wildflowers revealing their array of beauty and vegetation transforms from brown to various hues of green. New growth overshadows the drab that has remained hidden under the snow for our long winter months.
Summertime is short and therefore with the warmer temperatures we try to cram all the outdoor activity we can into those few weeks where we can be outside in a tee shirt or short sleeves. We then witness baby deer, elk and tiny bear cubs that are awkward but inquisitive and always under the constant eye of their mothers. Baby birds are being born and awkwardly try to fly for the first time. Suddenly insects abound and become annoying pests for a time.
Then comes the long months of winter where everything is buried under snow for what seems an eternity. Everything in winter is dazzling and glitters but also adds a cold factor that can chill us to the bone. None of these seasons equal fall in my estimation.
The only season that invokes four of our five senses is fall time. We see the aspen trees changing to various hues of yellow with some red-orange mixed in and the scrub oak trees are turning various shades of red and orange. When it rains, the aspen leaves produce a scent that simply can not be described. The balsam fir needles take on a heavenly fragrance and the warm pine needles emit a scent that just makes me want to bottle it up so it can be preserved and last for the remainder of the year. It is too bad blogs can't have a scratch-and-sniff aspect to them so everyone could enjoy the wonderful smells of fall in the mountains.
The cooler temperatures on your skin stimulate your sense of touch like nothing else. It is a time of year to enjoy the invigorating feel of the cool air. The colors across the mountains are a breathtaking sight but only last for a very short while. Coupled with the cool air, smells and the sounds of squirrels chattering as they accomplish their last minute seed and pine cone collecting along with the non-stop elk bugling it all adds a unique aspect to this special time of year.
The only sense that is not directly involved is taste. For me, apple cider and cake donuts fill that void and maybe that comes from long ago memories of hayrides in the Midwest during fall time. None of the other seasons of the year can trigger all five of our senses like fall time can for me. Other seasons all have their highlights but in my humble opinion, fall does not possess one single negative aspect.
For example, in the winter there is a lot of hauling of firewood inside to burn in the woodstove in order to stay warm. Every time we go outside, we need to put on winter clothes along with hat and boots. Then there is the never-ending amount of snow shoveling and the bitter wind that finds its way through every seam in our coat. In the spring there are the muddy roads, the brown vegetation left over from last year and the still cool nights. In the summer, there are the insects, the hotter temperatures and the sweat from doing even small chores. I cannot think of a single downside to the fall season.
I would encourage anyone inclined and able to visit the Rocky Mountains in the fall of the year. It is a special time of year where you visualize the endless beauty and enjoy those aromatic smells in the air and be renewed throughout. If you are not able or can't take a trip into the mountains during the fall season, I hope my sharing of how I experience this time of year brings some small understanding and pleasure to you.
It can soothe your soul like no other time of the year and the stress and confusion of more populated areas just seem to melt away during the fall. It is my very favorite time of the year, and I hope it can be yours, too. Fall is just a good time to feel alive and let nature restore you from the the daily grind and challenges encountered in routine life.
Even if you can't make it to the mountains just taking a few minutes to take a deep breath and soaking in the unique smells of fall, feeling the cool air on your skin and viewing the leaves changing to brilliant colors whether it is in the mountains or in a city park is invigorating and refreshing.
If you live within driving distance of any mountain range it is worth the time to pack a picnic and take a drive to the mountains to soak in the soul healing balm that just seems to envelope you during the fall season. It is an excellent time to go for a meandering hike, stop at a park for a picnic or just find a nice place along a creek or in the woods to sit and absorb the healing that the mountain air, sights and sounds can provide.
Even better, take a fishing pole and go along a stream and try to catch a trout for dinner while watching the aspen leaves slowly float on the water. In my opinion, there is no other time like fall for making you feel good and to appreciate life at its fullest. The beauty, smells, sounds and cool air are more than worthy of your time.
For more about Bruce and Carol McElmurray and their life in the mountains go to McElmurray's Mountain Retreat.
All MOTHER EARTH NEWS community bloggers have agreed to follow our Blogging Best Practices, and they are responsible for the accuracy of their posts. To learn more about the author of this post, click on the byline link at the top of the page
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Prep football: St. John Neumann's game against Imagine-North Port may really be canceled
St. John Neumann's next football game is in doubt thanks to its opponent's dwindling roster.
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TV Squad Ten: TV DILFs
When my husband shook off his case of the giggles, he gently reminded me that the dad was, actually, closer to my age than the teenage boys. True, but I am so not as old as that dad... but I do think he's hot.
In fact, there have been a lot of hot dads, let's call them DILFs, on TV in recent years. Gives us oldies some eye candy too, I suppose. So, in descending order (yep, you've got to wait until the end for the super-hotties):
TV Squad: Top DILFs
? NBC Universal, Inc.
CW, The
Isabella Vosmikova, FOX
Everett Collection
Everett Collection


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More Japanese gaming data now, this time courtesy of Famitsu.com and Enterbrain.
The data, shared and released by the companies, points to a year-over-year increase for the Japanese Gaming Industry through the first half of 2012 (December 26 2011 through June 24 2012), the first such increase in two years.
Combined hardware and software sales reached 193.4 billion yen. That represents an increase of 0.7% over the last six-month period, which totaled 191.98 billion yen.
All of those gains came by way of software, as Japanese hardware sales are actually down over that time.
Hardware: Down 11.5%, from 79.81 billion yen to 70.73 billion yen.
Software: Up 9.4%, from 112.17 billion yen to 122.67 billion yen.
If all this ¥ talk is confusing your Euro or Dollar-trained brain, here's a handy currency converter.
Moving on to some sales specifics for the period…
Nintendo 3DS: 2,219,548 (lifetime sales in Japan: 6,355,287)
PlayStation 3: 695,465 (8,112,613)
PlayStation Vita: 353,657 (756,451)
Nintendo Wii: 265,578 (12,433,321)
Xbox 360: 33,809 (1,554,547)
Nintendo DS: 20,239 (32,855,741)
Pokemon Black & White 2 (3DS): 1,618,621
One Piece Pirate Musou (PS3): 806,578
Dragon Quest Monsters Terry's Wonderland 3D (3DS): 743,967
Mario Kart 7 (3DS): 665,573 (lifetime sales in Japan: 1,747,964)
Monster Hunter 3G (3DS): 665,394 (1,474,716)
Thanks to Andriasang for the translation.
Image Credit: Getty Images
Famitsu.com: Game market size exceeds the previous year for the first time in two years


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Actuarial Websites
- BeAnActuary.org
- Actuaries in Action: Why it's rated the number one profession
- D.L. Hughley asks, "What the hell is an actuary?"
- Actuary Salary Survey
- Society of Actuaries (contains exam registration information)
- Casualty Actuarial Society
- Actuarial Science Club at Xavier University
For a list of outside organizations that award scholarships for students studying actuarial science, click here.


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WALLA WALLA -- A County Jail inmate was sentenced Monday to seven months for trying to escape from the facility in November, damaging a cell in the attempt and earlier committing a burglary.
Tonya M. Boffing faced a standard-range jail term of six months to a year. In handing down the sentence, Superior Court Commissioner Mike Mitchell declined to go along with a plea agreement that called for a six-month term, the low end of the range.
Boffing was given credit for the 44 days she's already served and was placed on community custody for up to 12 months when she is released.
Mitchell also ordered Boffing to pay an amount of restitution that will be determined, in addition to $1,656 in fees and fines.
Boffing told Mitchell, "I do have remorse for the crimes I committed." She also said she wants to "be a better member of this community."
Boffing pleaded guilty Dec. 18 to second-degree attempted escape, which is a gross misdemeanor, and second-degree malicious mischief and residential burglary, both felonies.
Officials said she took the grate off an air return duct in the jail cell Nov. 19 and crawled up inside. She also had torn down blinds from the cell window and tried to break the window.
Another inmate reportedly alerted a jail sergeant about 5 p.m., and Boffing was located inside the ductwork. The cell was taken out of service because of the damage.
Boffing, 18, of 1317 S. Main St., Milton-Freewater, initially was jailed in connection with the burglary in the 1000 block of Waverly Street in Walla Walla on Nov. 14.
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The non-profit organization Helping Out Pets in Effingham isn't sure what it needs to do to get people to take advantage of its free spay and neuter program with the Effingham County Animal Shelter.
Senior Master Sgt. Henry Dickerson, a teacher in Effingham County, has earned promotion to the highest level of non-commissioned officers, chief master sergeant. Dickerson serves as the chief of safety for Savannah's Combat Readiness Training Center, an element of the Georgia Air National Guard.
Air Force Airman 1st Class Casey D. Davis graduated from basic military training at Joint Base San Antonio-Lackland in San Antonio, Texas.
Victoria Inman has graduated from the Army ROTC (Reserve Officer Training Corps) Leader Development and Assessment Course, also known as "Operation Warrior Forge," at Fort Knox, Ky.
The city of Guyton on Tuesday hosted National Night Out, a nationwide observance to bring communities together and promote crime prevention.
Rct. Jacob Dougherty, a 23-year-old native of Guyton, is currently training at Marine Corps Recruit Depot Parris Island, S.C., in hopes of earning the title of U.S. Marine.
Navy Seaman Vivian I. Vauters, daughter of Stacey L. Vauters of Newington, recently completed U.S. Navy basic training at Recruit Training Command, Great Lakes, Ill.
Former Wet Willie frontman Jimmy Hall will perform at the Mars Theatre on Sept. 27.
Life seemed perfect for Timothy and Ashlyn Tebeau on Nov. 19, 2012.
Bonnie Rachael is approaching her latest endeavor in her typical manner - with a leap of faith.
The Rincon Walmart is partnering with United Way of the Coastal Empire's Effingham Service Center to collect school supplies for students in need.
Josh Sanders, a singer/songwriter from Faulkville, will record a live video at the Mars Theatre on Sept. 12. Sanders recently opened for Corey Smith at the Music Vault and Red June at the Mars Theatre.
The United Way, Effingham Recreation and Parks and other sponsors welcomed a big crowd to the annual Back-to-School Blowout on Tuesday.
Rincon City Council honored float entry winners from the Freedom Rings Parade at Monday night's meeting.
A grant from the York Children's Foundation and matched by Thomas C. Strickland and Sons Funeral Home will assist the Treutlen House at New Ebenezer with its day-to-day expenses.
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The letters of the last German-born pastor of the Ebenezer settlement may become as noteworthy as those of the first pastor.
Effingham County Extension will be hosting a deer food plot and nutrition workshop Sept. 22 at the Effingham County Extension office.
Effingham Community Orchestra presented its fifth annual "Our Favorites" Concert and Silent Auction on Aug. 23 to an enthusiastic audience that filled the Effingham County ...
Tommy Deadwyler took the Mars Theatre stage Saturday night in what was one of his final acts, but he'll have a hand in an ...
A park that bears his name now has a living symbol to honor the memory of Peter Giles Jr.
Effingham Health System named Shannon Heath as its C. Edward Helmey Humanitarian Year of the Award winner Monday afternoon.
New Ebenezer Retreat Center will hold a benefit dinner Thursday at 7 p.m. with Leon Jacobs Jr. providing entertainment beginning at 8 p.m.
CLAY NATIONAL GUARD CENTER, Marietta-A Rincon resident has been named the new command chief of the Georgia Air National Guard.
The Lowcountry Down Syndrome Society (LDSS) is celebrating a big milestone in supporting families touched by Down syndrome. The group is entering its 10th year ...
Fr. David Rose, pastor of St Luke's Episcopal Church in Rincon, spoke to the Effingham Exchange Club about his path to the priesthood and ...
Effingham Community Orchestra director Andrea Huff, has announced that the Orchestra will present its fifth annual "Our Favorites" concert and silent auction fundraiser Aug 23 ...
The Taylors Creek Cemetery Association is searching for descendants of residents of the displaced Taylors Creek community, which was located inside what is now Fort ...
United Way of the Coastal Empire has earned Charity Navigator's highest level four-star rating for sound fiscal management and commitment to accountability for the ...
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text: [ Family Field Day By Lance Tormey May 11, 2012 The eighth annual Family Field Day is set for 1:00 p.m. to 4:00 p.m. May 12 at Sarg Hubbard Park. Family Field Day is a chance to enjoy activities such as soccer, golf, kayaking, and tennis... Read More|Comment Category: Human Interest, Lifestyle, Yakima News Tags: family field day, golf, sarg hubbard park, saturday, soccer, tennis Send to a friend! Share on Facebook Share on Twitter Pin it! Reddit This! Share on Tumblr!


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I met an interesting person on my last camping trip. Got me thinking...I recently took a trip to Joshua Tree NP with my brother in law. On our last day there, we decided to take a hike to a lost oasis. Now, I'm not in the best shape, but I AM young and strong and can push myself pretty far. Needless to say, the hike was pretty challenging for me. The weather wasn't really hot, bout high 70's, but the wind was enough to drive you insane and the terrain was VERY hilly and required some bouldering along the way. Anyway, during the hike we came across an older man (must have been around 60-65ish) wearing black jeans with a large lether belt with belt buckle, a long sleeve button up shirt, and a black leather jacket. He didn't have any kind of backpack or water or anything. We figured he wasn't going that far since we first passed him close to the trailhead and he probably had a car in the parking lot; like he was just out stretching his legs or something. So we didn't think much of it and continued on our way. About 4 looooong miles and 2-3 hours later, up and down hills and through canyons and over boulders, we neared the lost oasis and I noticed the older man was right on our tail. First thing that went through my mind was, "holy crap! This guy kept up with us without any water or anything and in those heavy/restricting clothes! How's he going to get back?" I offered the man one of my nalgene bottles of water and he politely declined. He said he had water waiting for him when he finished his hike. I insisted he take a bottle of water and he again just politely declined. I was thinking, "this guy is either crazy or just REALLY hardcore". The man looked at the oasis for a moment and headed back towards the trail head. My B.I.L. and I stayed a few minutes longer at the oasis before departing back towards the trailhead. I kept wondering if the older man would make it back ok, half expecting him to be passed out from thirst or something along the way, but to my amazement, we didn't see him the whole way back. We got into the car at the end of the hike and started driving back to our campsite and along the way, about a mile or so from the oasis trailhead, I saw the man still hiking in the direction of the lost oasis campsite. That means he hiked from the campsite about 1-2 miles to the trailhead, 4 miles to the oasis, 4 miles back to the trailhead, and 1-2 miles back to the campsite... without water and in hot, heavy, and restrictive clothing. Needless to say, I couldn't help but be somewhat impressed...So, my question: Was he crazy? Or was he just uber hardcore and such a veteran outdoorsman a meer 12 miles over rocky/hilly desert terrain didn't warrant any water? How many people here would hike 12 miles in the desert without thinking of bringing any water? I mean, I know I'm not in the best shape... but 12 miles??? That just seems crazy!
Justin,Water needs vary by person. I have lived in the lower desert for over 30 years. I live close to JNP, and view it as a higher atitude place to cool off. I can hike in extreme heat. I am rather thin and require a lot less water than most people.However... lack of water kills. Heat exhaustion can sneak up on you. In the desert, especially in the warmer times of the year, it can be dangerous without enough water. I always carry more water than I need. My wife probably consumes twice as much water as me on a day hike, and she is a lot smaller. It is best to drink a little water frequently, rather than waiting to tank up. In high heat, lightweight long sleeve shirts and long pants do help reflect heat and reduce evaporation.I am pushing 60 and could easily hike 5 miles with no pack in 70 degree weather (low humidity) without water. I could probably push it to 10 miles with no ill effects at all. But a twisted ankle, a wrong turn and disaster bekons. During the past 30 years, I have hiked all over JNP doing both day trips and extended ones. I always take water, no matter what the distance is. And on some day hikes I don't drink any water. But it is with me just in case.In the summer I often walk to the post office (6 miles round trip) in triple digit temperatures (115 F is not uncommon), with no water. Over the years, I have run into several "old timers" who have been wandering around the deserts for decades. They suck on pebbles to trick their body (mind?) into thinking they are not thirsty... of course this is really just an old wive's tale. They often carry too little or no water. But most of the wanderers I run into carry water and take salt tablets regularly. I still see a lot of old canvas/felt covered canteens slung on their shoulders. Actually these are some really interesting people. Usually they are carrying prospecting gear, and are relics from a era long, long ago. Many of these folks do know where the springs and seeps are located. But these are not always reliable sources of water.Bottom line: if you hike in the desert you better bring plenty of water unless you are 100% sure there are sources close by.
> high 70'sThat's about 24 C, which is not very hot. In dry conditions we find temperatures below 90 F to be quite manageable. When it gets over 100 F it is starting to get a bit hot. We have been walking in those temperatures.I suspect he was just used to those conditions. Maybe he lived somewhere nearby.Cheers
People acclimatize.When I hiked the PCT last year, some hikers in Southern California would drink as many as 8 liters of water a day. They were usually from the Midwest or the east coast. I am from Southern California and I usually drank about 3 liters but carried 4 or 5 sometimes.I know people who are like that man you met who claim not to need water when they hike. Some of these people are very accomplished hikers. I even met a man on the PCT (Nimblewill Nomad) who claimed to carry no more than 20oz of water at any time, including the true desert. He said that much of our heavy gear represented an insecurity we had. Even our food and water.Since I carried up to 2 more liters of water than I needed, water is clearly an insecurity I have.
Interesting subject. I spent 21 days with no food or water in the jungles of Kauai. While I obviously foraged food and water everyday I could easily go half a day without finding water. Even in the wettest spot on earth it was in issue. While it was quite cool in the high lands in the lower elevations were very hot and humid and the sun was relentless while we were exposed to it. I was almost always in some state of dehydration but it seemed to bother me less as time went on. As for food all we had was fresh fruit. It was some of the hardest hiking I have ever done but a trip of a lifetime. Ali
I think the Camelback/Sportbottle Generation is a bit over the top. Too many people who are never without water. I sat in a meeting the other day and watched a colleague take a small sip every couple minutes. This was indoors by the way. Many of these folks also claim that consuming caffeinated or alcoholic beverages cause net dehydration.Dehydration kills, but it isn't instant. Literature on the subject often talks about problems starting after a 5% drop in body mass due to dehydration. For me that would be 4 liters.I have always used the concept of hyperhydration when water is available combined with moderate drinking in between. Whether it is backpacking or working in the desert, I tank up evening and morning then consume much less during the day. Backpacking I seldom carry more than a liter of water unless I'm planning to camp dry. I do admit to foolishness one time when I hiked 25 miles from the Sierra crest to the Owens Valley floor with only a liter.Your body adapts as well. One summer break I went from college on the northern California coast to my summer job near Death Valley. Temps on the coast averaged under 60, while the first week in the desert every day was at least 105 in the shade. I had to take it easy, limiting my exertion, drinking frequently, and taking salt tablets. Three weeks later the temps were up around 115 and I felt great working hard. I only drank morning, lunch, and when returning to the truck at the end of the day. I stopped needing salt tablets and found that my sweat left much less of a crust when it dried.
Great post and I agree tank up and travel lite. I never treat my water so its easy to fill and go. Ali
Jim,You are correct. Our bodies do adapt, some better than others. A couple months ago I did a 4 day trip in the Nevada desert. I carried 3 liters total for the first full three days without any real water sorces (although I knew there would be some water pockets, since it rained a lot for a couple days before I left). At the end of day 3, I was out of water, but was able to camp on the shore of Lake Mead and replenish. The water I carried was for drinking and a little cooking. Temps were a high of around 60F and lows 20F. I really cut the supply short, but was comfortable that if something happened I could find some water. However if the highs were in the 80s or above, I would have done this trip a lot differently.
Justin, I only have one sentence for you my broham..."the man in black fled across the desert, and the gunslinger followed"sounds like you met Roland Deschaincareful out there, he bleeds for noone and his conscience is a brick wall
SO much of it is mental. I don't drink as much water as I am told to, and I usually find that makes me more uncomfortable to keep up with the amount of water I really should, but I've been on trips where we had to do water hunts with .5 liters of water for a whole morning, which is probably what I would drink, maybe .5 too little, yet I was feeling surprisingly dehydrated. I'd attribute it to the fact that we were searching for water rather than having it readily available. What we eventually found was opaque at 1.5 inches, and had tiny slimy things swimming in it. I had a sip of that, and I wasn't thirsty at all.
"the man in black fled across the desert, and the gunslinger followed"I loved that series of books!Would like to see a really good animated series based on them.
I've found that generally if I'm hiking distances of 12 miles or less, carrying nothing but the clothes on my back allows me to easily go without water during that stretch. If I carry a small backpack with two liters of water, I end up sweating and needing to drink that water.Nearly every weekend I hike the 11 mile round trip to the summit of a local mountain around this area (around 2500 feet elevation gain on the way up) and never carry anything other than trekking poles. If the weather were warmer than 75 degrees, I would bring some water for this distance, though.
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Beautiful mama Brianne and her husband welcomed their first son this past July. A few months before the baby's arrival, Ginger Pritchett Photography captured Brianne's pregnancy in a rustic country maternity shoot. There are so many things we love about this shoot! Brianne is positively glowing and perfectly suited for a country shoot in her crochet dress and cowboy boots. "I do not think this girl can take a bad photograph!" Ginger Pritchett declared, and we could not agree more! From golden fields to wood cabins, Ginger Pritchett takes advantage of numerous rustic backdrops to complete the country theme. The icing on the cake? An adorable baby bump shot with a "Coming soon" sign – perfect for a pregnancy announcement!
Many thanks to Ginger Pritchett Photography for sharing this rustic country maternity session with us!


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Soren McCarty is a Colorado Native and has worked as a professional photographer since 1994. His work has been published in Various publications including: Rollingstone, Playboy, Time, SPIN, New York Times, Denver Post, Westword, Sports Illustrated and many others. His work can also been seen on the walls of the Fox Theatre in Boulder, The Fillmore Auditorium and Red Rocks. These collections on photos were all taken at Red Rocks over the past 10 years. Soren is an easy going person and enjoys spending time Skiing, biking and hiking throughout the state, he loves all types of music and would be more that happy to talk for hours about great new bands and relive the memories of great concerts that have come through the area.
Category Archives: Featured Artist
Current Artist: Jeff Curry
Very excited for my second showing at Gränd. What a fantastic new space! Congratulations to Shelly and Jay. I'm terribly jealous.
I've been told it's difficult to connect my various bodies of work—From gritty, hyper-real portraits of humanity and artifacts, to beautiful nudes dressed in candy. The work being featured in this show barely even resembles photography.
Why did we stop smelling the roses? Is our world so full of roses that we can no longer savor them? Maybe it's that we've just stopped stopping.
Photography captures a moment in time. The painterly, Impressionism-inspired images of the Zoom collection attempt to defy that convention. They linger and soften like partially formed memories. Perpetually moving, the beauty and lightness of nature are depicted through the lens of a short attention span.
A native of Chicago, Jeff Curry is Creative Director at SRG, an internationally recognized agency in Boulder, Colorado. His work spans a variety of industries and media, and has garnered numerous awards over the past 20 years. Partnering with some of the nation's top commercial artists and photographers, photography has always been at the center of his profession and is his personal passion.
Jeff's fine art imagery has been exhibited in NYC, at Jadite Gallery and Gallery H, and in Denver at Space Gallery and Sync Gallery. Select work has received recognition in the following prestigious contests and publications: Photography Masters Cup International Awards, The London International Creative Awards, Communication Arts Photography Annual, International Spider Awards, and The Art Directors Club Photography Awards.
Jeff's work demonstrates a broad range of subject matter and style—Self defined as sexy-flirtatious-dirty-spooky-and-beautifully-odd. His photography first gained international attention with Eyecandy, a provocative series combining classic American candy products with sophisticated nude portraiture. Playful, sexy and suggestive, the collection explores a range of intimate scenarios, from innocent flirtation to the more risqué notions of submission and devotion.
His most recent series is entitled Zoom. This Impressionism-inspired body of work defies the notion that photography captures a moment in time. Moreover, every attempt is made to prevent these images from resembling photographs at all. They linger and soften like partially formed memories. Perpetually moving, the beauty and lightness of nature are depicted through the lens of a short attention span. Gestural camera movements mimic brush strokes and are unique to each subject. Jeff refers to Zoom as a series of "two-second paintings."


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Category: Special A
Stream anime episodes for free, you want to Watch Special A Episode 13 English Subbed online for free. Episode guide Special A Episode 13 English Subbed Magic & Friend Because of Tadashi's lies, the group has been ordered to attend a normal high school for three days or have the S.A. status revoked. At this high school, Akira meets a girl named Yui Oikawa, who looks a lot like a childhood friend. Due to some meddling back then, the two stopped being friends and now that is causing Akira to mistreat Yui.
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A co-founder of the Sooner Tea Party was charged Tuesday with blackmail over an email that he admits sending to a state senator.
Al Gerhart, 54, of Oklahoma City, also was charged with violating the Oklahoma Computer Crimes Act.
A co-founder of the Sooner Tea Party was charged Tuesday with blackmail over an email that he admits sending to a state senator.
Al Gerhart, 54, of Oklahoma City, also was charged with violating the Oklahoma Computer Crimes Act.
Both counts are felonies.
Gerhart, a carpenter, denied any wrongdoing after coming under investigation last week. He had not been arrested yet Tuesday evening.
Gerhart sent the email March 26 to Sen. Cliff Branan, promising to make the senator a laughing stock unless the Senate Energy and Environment Committee passed a bill dealing with a United Nations plan.
Branan, R-Oklahoma City, is chairman of the committee. The senator turned the email over to the Oklahoma Highway Patrol.
Misspelling one word, Gerhart wrote: "Branan, Get that bill heard or I will make sure you regret not doing it. I will make you the laughing stock of the Senate if I don't hear that this bill will be heard and passed. We will dig into your past, yoru family, your associates and once we start on you there will be no end to it. This is a promise."
Gerhart admitted at a news conference at the Capitol last week that he sent the email.
"Political pain and embarrassment will be necessary if the citizens expect to regain control of this Senate down here from the state chamber of commerce and special interests," he said. "The time for 'nice' behavior is over with."
The Oklahoma State Bureau of Investigation collected a videotape of the April 2 news conference as evidence.
Gerhart could not be reached Tuesday for comment and did not immediately reply to a message left on his phone. Last week, Gerhart claimed his email was constitutionally protected free speech. He also said the investigation of the email was an attempt to harass him because the Sooner Tea Party tactics are effective.
At the news conference, Gerhart told reporters "the scuttlebutt" at the Capitol was that the senator reacted the way he did to the email because the senator was worried the tea party would uncover infidelity.
Branan said last week, "We've been happily married for nearly 18 years. … Nothing like that has ever happened. And I think, candidly, he got me confused with somebody else."
Continue reading this story on the...


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How do you clean really scorched on food out of a slow cooker? I left a dessert recipe cooking too long and the chocolate cake is set like stone.
I got off quite a bit by filling it with water and heating/soaking it. I also did this with baking soda and with vinegar in the water.
Thanks for your help!
By sllof4 from MO
Here are the recent answer to this question.
By Annie Rios Hill [12]07/28/2010
Try inexpensive denture cleaning tablets maybe get a couple from your dentist they get lots of free samples. I used to work for a dentist for 17 years and those tablets cleaned quite a bit. I used to use them to soak office coffee pot that
no one would wash though all used it.
By REE [1]07/28/2010
I keep a flat razor with a handle on my shelf in the window for crock pot, and any glass pans that have stuff stuck on them. If all else fails, use oven cleaner.
By Teri Van Hecke [7]07/28/2010
Does the dryer sheet really work? It sounds too simple!
By Katie-Lou07/28/2010
I also use the dryer sheet trick. I don't even have to use a whole one; I use half a sheet for a larger baking dishes and a quarter of a sheet for smaller dishes. Drop the sheet in and fill with hot water. (I haven't tried it, but moistened dryer sheets are also supposed to be good for getting the soap scum off of glass shower doors.)
By Stacey [3]07/27/2010
If I ever have cooked on food I use a dryer sheet. Just put the dryer sheet in the bottom & run hot water over it making sure that the water level covers the food & let it sit for an hour or so. Then just wipe the food off with the dryer sheet. Works everytime & I never scrub my cassorole dishes thanks to this little tip.
By Mintwolf [1]07/23/2010
I have had this happen and my crock pot is white. I filled it with boiling water and bleach. I let it set for a couple of hours and it helped. I then washed it and rinsed, rinsed, rinsed, completely. I did find some liners by Reynolds Wrap that I now use for the crock pot. These are amazing and work great.
By Wendy07/22/2010
Have you tried soaking it with some baking soda water overnight? That works for me.
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Valve Manufacturing
AUMA Celebrates 50th Anniversary This Year
- Details
- Published on Tuesday, 18 March 2014 10:32
AUMA is celebrating its 50th anniversary in 2014. Founded by Werner Riester and Rudolf Dinse in 1964 in Ostfildern, near Stuttgart, Germany, the company has grown from two to 2,300 employees with global representation and worldwide manufacturing facilities. AUMA launched its first range of electric actuators in 1965 and the family-owned, private company has developed to become today's AUMA Riester GmbH & Co. KG with headquarters in Muellheim, Germany. AUMA USA was formed in 1976.


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Jason Roy, chef at the LAB, has a couple of new concepts in the works.
- Filed Under
Asheville is about to get its first "farm-to-wok" restaurant.
The owner of the Lexington Avenue Brewery, Mike Healy, will open an eatery called Stirhaus next year in the front portion of a 15,000 square-foot area adjacent to the LAB. The expansion, at 63 Lexington Avenue, will also feature an additional bar, event space and an area to increase the LAB's brewing capacity once completed.
Stirhaus works like this: Step up to the line, pick your farm-fresh veggies, meat or vegetarian protein, rice or noodles (gluten-free will be available), and receive an affordable stir-fried meal within ...


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"The first and simplest answer would be "no"."
Awesome origami art, and science as well.
Everybody with a blog has a book deal these days…
"In an old joke, two noblemen vie to name the bigger number. The first, after ruminating for hours, triumphantly announces "Eighty-three!" The second, mightily impressed, replies "You win."
A biggest number contest is clearly pointless when the contestants take turns. But what if the contestants write down their numbers simultaneously, neither aware of the other's? To introduce a talk on "Big Numbers," I invite two audience volunteers to try exactly this."


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Attenborough and my experiment with the truth
In the passing away of Richard Attenborough on August 24th, I was reminded of my uncle and mentor U. S. Mohan Rao, who was associated with him in the making of the film on Mahatma Gandhi.
Mr. Mohan Rao was the Director of the Publications Division in the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting in the early fifties, and the chief conceiver of the project to publish the Collected Works of Mahatma Gandhi.
Mohan Rao, who headed Hind Kitabs in Bombay, had published books by eminent Indians like Dr. S. Radhakrishnan, Dr. Rajendra Prasad, D. G. Tendulkar and Humayun Kabir. Dr B. V. Keskar, who became the Information and Broadcasting Minister in 1952, asked him to come to Delhi and take charge of the Publications Division.
When Richard Attenborough first thought of producing a film on Mahatma Gandhi, and sought the help of Government of India, Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru asked him to meet Mohan Rao, who by then had set up a sub-unit of the Publications Division called the Collected Works of Mahatma Gandhi. It was initially headed by Bharatan Kumarappa as Chief Editor, soon followed by Professor K. Swaminathan.
One Sunday, Mohan Rao called me to his house in Feroz Shah Road to meet a special guest. It turned out to be Richard Attenborough. He was served a pure vegetarian meal of rice, dal, sambhar, dahi and payasam. I could see Attenborough watching Mohan Rao eat with his hands, while he used a spoon.
Mohan Rao was fond of talking about Gandhiji. So, Attenborough sat through long hours of conversation about Gandhi's philosophy, life and thoughts. Attenborough had probably researched all this himself, but he attentively listened to a man who had seen all this first hand and read documents and letters of Gandhiji's colleagues.
Soon after, Jawaharlal Nehru passed away and not much was heard about the Gandhi film and Richard Attenborough's project to be shot in India.
Several years later Mohan Rao, who by then had retired from the Publications Division, told me that Richard Attenborough was back in India and was keen on producing a film on Mahatma Gandhi. By then, several volumes of the Collected Works of Mahatma Gandhi had been published, and Mohan Rao himself had written a book on Mahatma Gandhi.
Attenborough had given Mohan Rao the film script and asked him for inputs. He brought the script to our home in R.K Puram in Delhi and we all poured over the script, probably the first film script any of us had read. Mohan Rao stayed in our house for weeks reading and re-reading the script, marking several paragraphs with his fountain pen, shaking his head disapprovingly at something, exclaiming in admiration at others.
Over the next few weeks, we learned that Mohan Rao had several discussions with Attenborough over some scenes in the manuscript, especially one in which there was an intimate scene between Gandhi and Kasturba. He told Attenborough that Indians would not be comfortable seeing any public display of intimacy by somebody who had been given the title of a 'Mahatma' (a great soul). There was much debate, wherein Attenborough was persuaded to respect Indian sentiments, also warned that it was with great difficulty that permissions had been given for Gandhi's role to be played by a foreigner, why for that matter the film itself to be made by a non-Indian, so it was better to err on the side of caution with regard to some issues. Attenborough agreed.
Mohan Rao also said that he spoke with Ben Kingsley who played the role of Gandhi. His advice to the veteran actor was to emulate Gandhi's way of life to get into the essence of the character. He advised him to give up meat, sleep on a hard floor with just a thin mattress and lose muscle mass. Ben Kingsley must have received similar advise from many who were involved with the film because there were visible signs of change in his persona by the time filming began.
The iconic film was mesmerizing from the first to the last scene. It won eight Oscars. U.S. Mohan Rao was happy with the way the film turned out and deeply appreciative of Richard Attenborough's eye for detail and aesthetic sensibilities.
U. S. Mohan Rao presented me my first copy of 'My Experiments with Truth' by Mahatma Gandhi, when I first arrived in Delhi in the fifties. He told me to read it and realize how a boy, who was considered average, grew to become a Mahatma. His life is a lesson for all of us he used to tell me. Do not give up efforts to improve yourself was his advice.
Incidentally, when I was the Chief Editor of the Indian and Foreign Review, modeled on the New Statesman, brought out by the Publications Division then for circulation abroad, I used to get articles published on Gandhiji by scholars like Professor K. Swaminathan, B. R. Nanda, and others. One year, I asked a Gandhian scholar, T. K. Mahadevan, to write a review of the latest edition of the Collected Works of Gandhiji. He agreed on one condition that I would not edit it except for factual errors. I agreed
That volume contained Gandhiji's account how he had experimented on his ability to observe Brahmacharya travelling from Simla to Delhi with two young girls. He narrated that his thoughts were not pure during the journey.
T.K. Mahadevan remarked that Gandhiji carried out experiments to assess his moral strength, but never thought what impact his actions would have on young girls.
Those were post-emergency, Janata Government days. The Director of the Publications Division sent a note to the Information and Broadcasting Ministry that I should be punished for publishing an article 'critical' of Gandhiji. The note for action against me went up to the then Information and Broadcasting minister L.K. Advani, who sent it to the Prime Minister Morarji Desai. I was told by my colleagues to pack up and look for another assignment.
Prime Minister Morarji Desai sent back the file with the remark that the review was based on facts published in the Collected Works and the chief editor had done no wrong. I was not to be sacked
It was my Experiment with Truth, and I passed it.
Mr. I. Ramamohan Rao is a former Principal Information Officer, Government of India. He can be reached on his e-mail email@example.com
(Posted on 26-08-2014)
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