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I'm neither a programmer not a mathematician (although I do have a science background) and I need basic help with 3D geometry. I've read all of the excellent Martin Baker site but still find the maths a bit much.
In my spare time I program in C++ to write simple games for my smartphone. I decided to try and do something with wireframe graphics. I am struggling to control the rotation of objects in the way that I want.
The space I am modelling uses 3D Cartesian coordinates and vectors, with the positive directions being x=right, y=forward, z=up. Each entity in space is a list of triangles, and each triangle has an origin and two vectors (variables named "edge1" and "edge2") to find the vertices; from there I draw lines between the three vertices. The starting point, the origin, is variable "position" which is a 3D coordinate.
Each entity also has an "angle", made up of x,y and z parts. All the vectors (from origin to vertex) within the entity are rotated according to this angle. I modified some code I found on the web to do this:
double sx=sin(angle.x), sy=sin(angle.y), sz=sin(angle.z);
double cx=cos(angle.x), cy=cos(angle.y), cz=cos(angle.z);
//create a 3x3 matrix "mat" with 1's down the diagonal and the rest 0's
//note there is a fourth column in the matrix which stores the "origin"
//rotate each triangle using rotate formula matrix (all triangles rotated to same angle)
//to convert the end of each edge into a vertex position
mat[0][0]=cy*cz+sy*sx*sz; mat[1][0]=-cy*sz+cz*sy*sx; mat[2][0]=cx*sy;
mat[0][1]=cx*sz; mat[1][1]=cx*cz; mat[2][1]=-sx;
mat[0][2]=-cz*sy+cy*sx*sz; mat[1][2]=sy*sz+cy*cz*sx; mat[2][2]=cy*cx;
for (int loop=0; loop<num_triangs; loop++)
//enter the triangle position into the matrix
//(for current test-run all triangles have same position)
triang = &triang_list[loop];
//instead of looping through 3 vertices
//just reiterate each corner, starting with the origin
triang->origin.x = mat[3][0];//(as if vector is all zeroes)
triang->origin.y = mat[3][1];
triang->origin.z = mat[3][2];
//now vertex1
triang->vertex1.x = triang->edge1.x * mat[0][0] + triang->edge1.y * mat[1][0] + triang->edge1.z * mat[2][0] + mat[3][0];
triang->vertex1.y = triang->edge1.x * mat[0][1] + triang->edge1.y * mat[1][1] + triang->edge1.z * mat[2][1] + mat[3][1];
triang->vertex1.z = triang->edge1.x * mat[0][2] + triang->edge1.y * mat[1][2] + triang->edge1.z * mat[2][2] + mat[3][2];
//now vertex2
triang->vertex2.x = triang->edge2.x * mat[0][0] + triang->edge2.y * mat[1][0] + triang->edge2.z * mat[2][0] + mat[3][0];
triang->vertex2.y = triang->edge2.x * mat[0][1] + triang->edge2.y * mat[1][1] + triang->edge2.z * mat[2][1] + mat[3][1];
triang->vertex2.z = triang->edge2.x * mat[0][2] + triang->edge2.y * mat[1][2] + triang->edge2.z * mat[2][2] + mat[3][2];
//and flag the triangle as having been rotated,
triang->rotated = true;
//to allow the main routine to call getX,Y and Z
So far, so good? Actually no because the x,y and z angles behave rather strangely. I want to be able to rotate objects using pitch, yaw and roll, and hoped that the x,y, and z would correspond to these, but they only work at the base position of angle(0,0,0) [equivalent to orientation along unit vector (0,1,0)]. They appear to behave as follows:
Angle.z is consistent whatever the heading. It always acts as a yaw, i.e. the orientation swings left and right relative to the present orientation.
Angle.x rotates about the x axis at the start (0,0,0) in a pitching motion. However if I yaw 90 deg to the left or right, angle.x becomes a roll. So it is still rotating around the x axis but I want it to now rotate around the y axis. Even more confusing, if I first pitch down (to the "south pole") using angle.y and then change angle.x, this x rotation becomes a yaw about the y axis.
Angle.y does something similar to angle.x. It starts as a roll about the y axis. If I dip down to the south pole it becomes a yaw, rotating about the y axis still. If I start from (0,0,0), yaw to the right, then angle.y continues to move around the y axis, now acting as a pitch.
In between the 90 deg directions, various intermediate things occur.
So, can anyone help?? As I said I've tried to understand the problem by reading on the web but I am stuck. My thoughts are that maybe I shouldn't be using this angle system in the first place because it is so dependent on where your object is oriented and how it got there. (Something to do with Euler angles?) But I don't know what to use instead of the code above to rotate the vectors.
Maybe there is a simple way of converting pitch, yaw and roll controls into the angles that I am using?
Maybe, when obeying key commands, I need to convert the current orientation into a vector, rotate about that vector according to the instruction, then convert back into the angle format? But I don't know how to do the rotation about the vector /or/ the conversion back to the angle system.
I would be very appreciative of any advice.
Martin Baker
Hi Lewie,
Looks like you are nearly there, I'm not sure exactly what the problem is but a couple of things occurred to me on first reading your message:
> each triangle has an origin and two vectors (variables named "edge1" and "edge2")
This seems to imply that you are rotating each triangle in its own axis and then adjusting the origin? I guess it could be done that way but, if I have understood correctly, I think you may be making things unnecessarily hard for yourself?
I think what is usually done is: the vertices of each triangle are stored in the coordinate system of the object you are transforming. If we assume you are modelling, say an aircraft, then choose a coordinate system, x along the fuselage, y along the wing or whatever. Then encode all the vertices for that object in that coordinate system directly. Then to rotate that object multiply each vertex(vector) by the rotation matrix to give the transformed vertex(vector). This rotates the whole object around its origin. You can then offset the aircraft to be where you want on the screen by adding a fixed vector to each vertex (or equivalently by using a 4x4 matrix as you describe).
I strongly agree with you that it is best to avoid Euler angles if possible. Sometimes there are angles implied in the situation itself, for example in the case of an aircraft, the control surfaces imply rotation around certain axis. In this case I think you are doing the right thing in converting the angle information to matrix form as soon as possible. I guess the thing to keep in mind is that, when combining rotations, order is important. So if you want yaw then roll then pitch then yaw you will need a different matrix than if you want yaw then pitch then roll, these angles are relative to the aircraft not the ground.
Rather than go on and write a long message about all the things that could be wrong, perhaps I should check with you to see if I am on the right track?
Thanks Martin,
I am one step ahead and have ditched the Euler angles entirely (you have confirmed that is what I was using and that they were not really up to the job). I've switched over to trying to use matrices only for the rotations and using the functions you provide to do the necessary conversions and calculations. I can rotate the object nicely in front of a fixed camera, and am now doing the code to move the camera independently. So, a lot of progress on that front.
Regarding the encoding of the object, the way I have done it makes it easy for me to "join the dots" once I've found where the points are in space. I will try to simplify/speed up the coding of the objects once I've got the rotation code sorted out.
I had hoped to use Quaternions as they seemed interesting but I couldn't quite understand them, particularly their relationship with axis-angle notation. I have some queries which i hope are straightforward for you to answer, even if the questions are bit long:
My understanding is that axis-angle is encoded as an axis, which is a 3D vector (x,y,z) describing the way that the object is pointed, and an angle, which is a rotation about the axis. If it was an aeroplane, the axis would run along the middle of the fuselage and the plane would be banking according to the angle. Am I right so far?
Query 1:
On the page on converting axis-angle to quaternions, you state that
qx = ax * sin(angle/2)
qy = ay * sin(angle/2)
qz = az * sin(angle/2)
qw = cos(angle/2)
This would mean that if angle=0, all of qx, qy and qz are also zero (because sin(0)=0). This doesn't make sense to me because it means that if angle=0 (which I take to mean that the aircraft is not banking) then the axis is of no consequence as the resulting quaternion is always the same!
For example, an aircraft flying to the east (positively along the x axis) without banking would have an axis of (1,0,0) and angle 0. The resulting quaternion (qw,qx,qy,qz) would be (1,0,0,0).
Another aircraft orientated at 90 degrees to the first, still flying level but now heading north (along the y axis) would have axis (0,1,0) and angle (0). But the resulting quaternion is exactly the same: (1,0,0,0). So a lot of information has been lost.
Converting the quaternion (1,0,0,0) back to axis-angle gives problems because it is at a singularity, so we have to set the axis to an arbitrary value and thus lose the information about the axis that we put in before the conversion!
What is the solution to this in programming? Do we have to avoid allowing angle to ever reach zero? Or if it does reach zero do we have to store axis information somewhere else in order to put it back later?
Query (2)
On the page about axis-angle notation http://www.euclideanspace.com/maths/geometry/rotations/axisAngle/index.htm
you give examples of possible orientations, with diagrams of an aeroplane and the corresponding axis-angle notation. The first one is a plane travelling to the right, with angle=0 and axis=1,0,0. So far so clear.
The next diagram is a plane travelling either towards or away from the viewer, I'm not sure which. The information given is angle=90, axis=0,1,0. How is this so? I would have thought that the angle was 0, with axis 0,1,0 ?! Ninety degrees to what? If it is 90 degrees to the original position, about the vertical axis, then why has the axis also changed? There is redundant information here, in that a change in orientation in a single dimension has changed 2 of the variables.
Your next diagram is of a plane pointing left, and now the axis has not changed from the last one (still 0,1,0) but the angle is 180. The movement between the 1st and 2nd diagrams is the same as between the 2nd and 3rd diagrams, yet the adjustments to the axis-angle are completely different! In one 90 degree change in heading, the angle changed 90 degrees and the axis changed also. In the second identical change in heading, the angle changed +90 but the axis did not change. Please explain this to me.
Query (3)
Moving to the next row of aeroplane diagrams, it gets even more confusing. The first in the line is a plane pointing straight up with an angle of 90 and an axis of (0,0,1). I understand this one. The second plane in the row has rotated about its long axis by 90 degrees, but has apparently achieved only a 30 degree change in angle and a radical change of axis. The axis is now (sqrt(1/3), sqrt(1/3), sqrt(1/3) – which I thought would mean that it is pointing somewhere off diagonally with respect to all axes?! I thought that this plane's orientation should be angle=180 axis=(0,0,1). Please can you explain where the figures come from?
Thanks for your time and attention,
Martin Baker
> My understanding is that axis-angle is encoded as an axis, which is a 3D
> vector (x,y,z) describing the way that the object is pointed, and an angle,
> which is a rotation about the axis. If it was an aeroplane, the axis would
> run along the middle of the fuselage and the plane would be banking
> according to the angle. Am I right so far?
Yes quite right.
> Query 1:
Yes, you are right, I think the thing to keep in mind is that the quaternion defines a 3D rotation only, its not trying to store any other information. This is actually an advantage, a rotation of 0deg around the x-axis represents the same rotation as 0deg around the y-axis, so its good that they are represented by the same quaternion. In the case of axis-angle the axis is redundant when the angle is zero, so we don't have to avoid it, we can just set the axis to an arbitrary value.
If you need to know the direction of the fuselage: you take the vector representing its direction before it has been rotated say,
v = 0,0,1
(this will depend on the coordinate system and the initial orientation of the aircraft)
Its position after the rotation is:
v2 = q*v*q'
> Query (2)
> The information given is angle=90, axis=0,1,0. How is this so?
Again axis-angle is only intended to represent a 3D rotation. So this represents a ninety degree rotation around the y-axis. This rotation only defines the position of the fuselage relative to its position before rotation.
> Your next diagram is of a plane pointing left, and now the axis has not
> changed from the last one (still 0,1,0) but the angle is 180. The
> movement between the 1st and 2nd diagrams is the same as between
> the 2nd and 3rd diagrams,
The diagrams are supposed to represent the rotation relative to the aircrafts initial position (when angle = zero) not relative to the position shown next to it. I should have made that clearer on the page.
> Query (3)
Same again, each picture is relative to its position before it has been rotated.
I would welcome any ideas to improve the web pages clearer, I'll put a better explanation on the diagrams of aeroplane orientation, let me know if there is anything else that I can do?
Also I'm sure lots of people who are new to the subject will have similar questions to these, so I would like to put a link to this thread, if that's all right with you?
By all means, you can let anyone else in on this discussion if you wish.
I understand your reply to query(1) - thanks.
I think I get the answer to my other queries... It would seem that the values describing a rotation make more sense if you know where you started from, because the end result of a rotation is always relative to some previous orientation. Any given orientation has an infinite number of possible rotations that led to that state.
Regarding the programming, what I have now is an object in space that I can rotate any way I like using the controls. Unfortunately when I try to tilt the camera is all gets a bit twisted, for reasons I have not yet figured out. But... it's sunday evening, it's time to switch off... I'll get back to this one next week.
Dear Martin,
I'm a bit stuck again. The problem is now with moving the "camera", or rather, figuring out what the world "looks like" with a new camera orientation. If this topic has already been covered, I apologise for asking again and perhaps you could point me to the right thread...
The entities in space have their rotation from their base position encoded in a matrix, so when I want to display an entity I just work out where its various vertices have ended up and plot them. I have tried to use the same class of object for the camera as well, whereby the orientation of the camera is also coded in a matrix. The controls of the camera are equivalent to pitch, roll and yaw. I know that the code for controlling the movements is okay because when applied to the object being looked at, rather than the camera, the object behaves as expected.
To plot the object's position by moving the camera, I tried to use the following steps:
(1) Work out where the object's vertices are now on 3D cartesian axes.
(2) By subtracting the camera's position, place those points on axes where the camera is at (0,0,0).
(3) Now express the direction to the points as a vector (which is = to the coordinates on the camera-centred axes).
(4) Rotate the vectors according to the matrix which stores the camera's current orientation (equivalent to its rotation away from the original position).
At first I thought the only bug would be that the camera would move in the opposite direction from expected. Instead it is a bit strange because as the camera goes through "rolling" (about the Y-axis, the front-to-back axis), the object sort of spirals around as if it is being twisted about its long axis. At 180 degrees the object is rotated to where one would expect to see it, but at 90 degrees it is both 90 degrees to the camera about the Y-axis and also 90 degrees about its own Y-axis. (Hope you can visualise this).
Obviously I am going through the wrong series of steps or the wrong type of conversions to code the camera's rotation. I think I am in some way trying to make a matrix encode both a rotation and an orientation at the same time. But I can't figure out what I should be doing. Can you give me any hints or tips about how this should be done?
Thanks for your advice,
Can you outline to me what you are trying to do? I have been pointing sensors (like cameras) at objects in space from spacecraft for 25 years and can probably help you with your problem.
Do you have an x-y-z position of the camera and x-y-z location of the object you're trying to point at, presumably with the camera roll position such that "up" for the camera is in the right place? Trying to get the qauternion that describes this?
This is a well practiced operation. Let me know if this is what you're trying to do, or if you're trying to do something else and I'll probably be able to give you the algorithm.
Noel Hughes
Better... I followed Martin's advice about inverting the matrix and this got rid of the strange corkscrewing effect.
Not quite there... After the camera has "rolled", the up-down and left-right swinging (pitch and yaw) are supposed to remain the same /from the user's point of view/. Instead, they continue to change the orientation about the same axes as before, thus the up-down swing will always be in terms of the "outside world" and not the viewer. (Except at the neutral position where the viewer is in line with the outside world.)
The other problem is that if I point the camera slightly away from the object by yawing, so that the object is off-centre, and then roll the camera, one would expect the object to travel in a wide circle relative to the viewer's centre of vision. Instead the object just turns around in the same point on the screen.
In answer to Noel, it sounds like you might be able to help here. What I am trying to do is write a little wireframe sim in C++ to be run on a PDA/smartphone. I've done games before but only 2D classic arcade things and this is my first foray into 3D.
I'm using matrices not quaternions.
The wireframe objects are represented by a number of points, each of which has a position in 3D cartesian coordinates. (x=left-right, y=forward-back, z=up-down). The camera also has a position in the 3D space. The camera's controls are to correspond to pitch, roll and yaw. To change the camera's orientation I put values in variables ax, ay or az (depending on which control is touched). Then I create a matrix from these as follows:
double sx=sin(ax), sy=sin(ay), sz=sin(az);
double cx=cos(ax), cy=cos(ay), cz=cos(az);
mat[0][0]=cy*cz+sy*sx*sz; mat[1][0]=-cy*sz+cz*sy*sx; mat[2][0]=cx*sy;
mat[0][1]=cx*sz; mat[1][1]=cx*cz; mat[2][1]=-sx;
mat[0][2]=-cz*sy+cy*sx*sz; mat[1][2]=sy*sz+cy*cz*sx; mat[2][2]=cy*cx;
I then multiply this matrix by the current orientation to produce a new orientation.
I think what I might be doing wrong is confusing orientations with rotations?
Also I think that to solve my first problem above, I need to set up this matrix in a different way so that it takes into account the current camera orientation because at the moment it is stuck to the axes of the "outside world". Perhaps the matrix should actually be a lot simpler to calculate than the algorithm above...?
I strongly recommend switching to quaternions. Using quaternions you can perform cross and dot products and immediately generate the required quaternions for camera pointing, etc.
To create the quaternion to point the camera with the camera "up" vector pointed up:
Vc = position vector of the camera
Vp = position vector of the target to be viewed
Assuming the boresight of the camera is its x axis
calculate the camera to target vector and normalize it
Vcp = (Vp - Vc)/|(Vp - Vc)|
calculate camera pointing vector by doing the cross product of [1 0 0] and Vcp to get the rotation axis, dot product to get angle
Vpp = [1 0 0] X Vcp/|[1 0 0] X Vcp| (normalized)
angle = A = acos([1 0 0] dot Vcp)
quaternion that points the camera at the target
Qp = Vpp sin(A/2) , cos(A/2) (this is using the scalar last convention)
Getting the roll rotation to put the camera with "up" in the right place requires a little more quaternion math that I can give you if you want to follow up on this.
My advice is to try to visualize an orientation and how to generate it using fundamental rotations, represent each of those rotations as I did, above, and stack up, or successively multiply quaternions, to get the orientation you need. Simply trying to find the right equation or expression or matrix for what you're looking for is very dangerous. The equation you find may work in one or two or a hundred test cases but not in the hundred and first. You run the same risk with any method, but generating orientations from fundamental rotations that you understand is much more robust.
Rotations and orientations are the same thing so it is easy to get confused. An orientation is the rotation that takes your rotated object from having its attached coordinate frame aligned with the reference frame to its final orientation.
I also have some files on basic quaternion operations that I can email you if you would like to have them.
Good luck.
I looked again at your email and have some thoughts about your issue of yawing and then rolling. If, after the yaw, a rolling motion leaves the object in the same location in the camera field of view, you are rotating about the camera to object vector, not around the camera boresight. If you were using quaternions, the initial yaw motion would be accomplished by multiplying the initial, object pointing, quaternions by the quaternion [0 0 sin(yaw angle/2) cos(yaw angle/2)]. To accomplish the roll, multiply this quaternion by [sin(rollangle/2) 0 0 cos(roll angle/2)]. This second multiplication would rotate the camera about its roll (I'm assming the x axis is the roll/boresight vector) axis.
Martin Baker
One thing that occurred to me is this, as you say: the objects appear to move in the opposite direction to the camera, but its more than just that, everything is reversed! So to move the camera you need to use the inverse matrix to that which you would use to move the objects. To invert a 3x3 rotation matrix swap the columns to be rows and rows are columns (in other words reflect the elements of the matrix about the leading diagonal).
Martin Baker
Can I put a question in here?
I agree with you about the benefits of quaternions but I would be interested in your thoughts on some practical issues:
1) People writing games often need to mix translations with rotations (rotating about a point other than the origin, move objects, pan across a scene, etc.).
2) People writing games often need to render the scene using a projective transformation (or using OpenGL or DirextX to do it - which use matrices).
3) If calculating the physics we may need to calculate inertia tensor.
Do you have any suggestions about the best way to do these things?
Also I would be interested to see more details on the downside of matrices, they contain more numbers which is a disadvantage and rounding errors can make them de-orthogonalised which is hard to correct, but as I understand it, they don't have singularities or problems like that?
Thanks for the reply.
In answer to your points:
1) Mixing translations with rotations is pretty much transparent to what orientation system (quaternions or matrices) you're using. (except for Euler angles, which are a ploy of the devil!) All the operations you can do with matrices you can also perform with quaternions.
2) I don't know anything about OpenGL or DirextX.
3) The inertia matrix is an inherent property of a body, like mass, density, etc. The definition of the inertia matrix is Iij = integral of XiXjdm over the volume of the body. (Xi and Xj are the coordinates of the dm, a differential of mass, so Xi and Xj = either the x, y, or z component)
Like quaternions, direction cosine matrices don't have singularities, as Euler angles do. Quaternions are easier to work with for a number of reasons. As you said, there are fewer numbers; as I mentioned in an earlier email, vector functions, the cross and dot product most prominently, lend themselves to quaternion generation and preserve the intuitive "feel" of rotations. This last aspect is more my own view than one that can be explicitly proven. A quaternion can be easily normalized and orthogonality is never an issue, since a quaternion only describes a single vector, not three, and an angle.
The bottom line, if matrices are needed, is that one can perform all calculations in quaternions, taking advantage of their inherent benefits, and then calculate the matrix equivalent to the quaternion when a matrix is needed (for interfacing, etc).
Martin Baker
Thanks very much for you reply, the topic of which rotation algebra to use often comes up and it is good to get your perspective.
When I think of combining rotations and translations I often assume that we would want to combine them into one multiplication operation (using 4x4 matrix or dual quaternion algebra) but as you say this may not be the best approach. With object oriented programming we can easily make an object from a quaternion and a translation vector which has benefits. I guess it depends on each individual application to work out how often they would have to convert to matrices to decide on the best approach.
Just for my own curiosity (this is now going away from the original topic so feel free to ignore it) but I was wondering about how you work out how to rotate a spacecraft. I am assuming:
* there are pairs of gas nosiles about various axies?
* the mass distribution of the spacecraft may not be symmetrical?
So do you work out the rotation you want using quaternions, then choose what angular acceleration and deceleration you want, then convert this to torque using inertia matrix?
I'm not familiar with nosiles. (nozzles?)
The extremely simplified process of controlling a spacecraft is:
1) determine the current attitude/angular velocity using some combination of star trackers, gyroscopes, Earth sensors, Sun sensors, magnetometers, etc.
2) find the error between the current attitude/vel and the commanded attitude/vel (where you are vs where you want to be)
3) determine the angular acceleration vector, a, required to move the attitude toward the commanded attitude/vel
4) using the equation T = Ia
where T is torque, I is the inertia matrix and a is the angular acceleration
5) then calculate what commands to send to the torque effectors, thrusters, reaction wheels, control moment gyros, magnetic torquers, etc. to generate the required torque.
6) start over at 1)
Do this for the lifetime of the spacecraft. This system is not dependent on the inertia matrix being symmetrical; it is very rare for a spacecraft to have a symmetric inertia matrix. Real spacecraft don't look like they do in Star Wars.
As far as combining rotations and position into one "object" there is no reason to do this other than computer science aspects. You can create any kind of software edifice to effect this object construct but it doesn't reflect any physical requirement or entity.
As far as do you use quaternions, the above process is independent of what attitude description you use.
Martin Baker
Thanks very much - very interesting.
> As far as combining rotations and position into one "object" there
> is no reason to do this other than computer science aspects. You
> can create any kind of software edifice to effect this object
> construct but it doesn't reflect any physical requirement or entity.
Ideally "objects" should reflect physical reality with the aim of allowing us to scale up to model complex objects more easily, for example, humanoids or other jointed systems (one of many examples). Virtually all the programs, software libraries and rendering interfaces, that I have seen, do this by modeling the world as a 'scene graph' or tree structure where each node may be a transform (combined rotation and transform - usually 4x4 matrix). Of course, just because everyone else does it does not make it right, but I would argue that there are good reasons for doing it and it does reflect a physical 'reality'.
The benefit of the scene graph is that we can rotate one particular joint by changing one transform and the positions of all the points on the arm can be calculated just by traversing the tree. I agree we could hold all the rotations and transforms separately but we would have to map between them for rotations of joints not on the origin. For computer animations we may need to do these calculations for every frame , transversing down the tree from the camera and then up the tree to the object being rendered. Also when doing the physics we need to translate backward and forward between local coordinates and inertial frame.
Do you need to do this things in space terms, for example 'Canadarm' on Space shuttle and ISS?


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Gossamer Gear SpinnTwinn Tarp
We just returned from a long week in the Sierra's with a group of 6 this year. We needed one additional 2 man shelter for the 80 mile hike and at the last minute decided that he SpinnTwinn tarp w...
Gossamer Gear Lightrek 4 Adjustable CF Trekking Poles
And now they come in the oh-so-cool camo color. These are the GOLD standard in best locking, ulta light, super durable, best griped poles on the market that our group has ever used. The new carbon wr...
Western Mountaineering Ultralight Super
I own 4 high quality Down sleeping bags and this is my current go-to fav! I'm 6'1", 185 lbs., and there is plenty of room in this bag to layer up with some extra clothes IF NEEDED to get...
Big Agnes Clearview
I talked three people in our group of five into buying this pad for our 9 day, 80+ mile hike in the high Sierra's. Night time Temps ranged from a low of 28 deg to a high of 38 deg. All three of ...
Inov8 RocLite 315
Just like the others reported .. these are GREAT shoes. Not a single blister after doing 80+ miles in bad weather. I think the key to these shoes is the breathability and flexablity that allows the...
Gossamer Gear Mariposa Plus 08
I have used several GG packs in the past and this new pack is the BEST I have ever used !!! I think I own close to 5 packs and this is my new favorite go-to pack of all time. Grant sent me the new a...
Princeton Tec EOS
I have tried four different lights over the last four years and this light is by far my new favorite. I can't see any reason to change lights for a while now. Other reviews are spot on and I had...
SteriPen Adventurer
Hmmmm ... for once I'm not even close in agreement to anyone ??? Having purchased two brand new units after reading several positive comments, I can't wait to RETURN them both. First I want...
Gossamer Gear Miniposa
I have used the new GG Miniposa for the last 6 months now on several long distance hikes and this pack was everything I had hoped it would be. Super light, easy to use, very comfy, and lots of room f...
Gossamer Gear Lightrek Plus Poles
Five of us just returned from a 6 day, 90 mile hike on the John Muir Trail this past week. All of us had been using typical so-called light weight adjustable alum. poles in the past but we all decide...

subset: commoncrawl


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Since all 4 of them will be at Coachella more than likely, I really hope we get to see a full version of this song live!
Upcoming shows
Facebook // Twitter // Blog // Tumblr // Instagram
Coachella: 04,06,07,09,10,11,12(1&2),13(1&2),14(1&2),15(1&2)
Kanye West & President Barack Obama 10/10, Autre Ne Veut 10/10, The Zombies 10/27, Grimes & Nicole Dollanganger 11/1, Eleanor Friedberger 11/3, Kendrick Lamar 11/10, Gesaffelstein 11/13, The Polyphonic Spree 11/19, Beach House 12/17&19
Playstation Experience 12/5&6, Holy Ship Jan&Feb 2016
fake Monklish post, no blogger symbol next to name.
Upcoming Shows:
Check out my concert photos http://www.flickr.com/photos/ameeps/
3 - alt-J - Pageant
all trolling aside i always sort of got the feeling suprefan is monklish.
God damn flat brim cap wearing slackjawed rejects... I just hate em so bad!!!!
Not Empire.
Velvet Underground reunion. wow. nice one, GV.
Maybe Lou Reed from what I've seen. VU reunion? I'd shoot heroin for that one
I'm just gonna act like the Paul Tollett on Monklish is the real deal.
"junglist chicks" are as real as unicorns at this point


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Find your PIN
Do one of the following:
- On the home screen or in a folder, click the Options icon. Click Device > Device and Status Information.
- If supported by your input language, in a message or memo, type mypin followed by a space.
Was this information helpful? Send us your comments.


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Police name man who died in Widnes as James Weston
Posted: September 02, 2014|
Comments (0)
A man who died in Widnes last month has been named as 22-year-old James Weston from Leicestershire.
Paramedics were called to a Travelodge on the outskirts of the Cheshire town at about 5.20pm, on Sunday, August 24.
Mr Weston was taken to Whiston Hospital for treatment but died a short time later.
Cheshire Police said a post-mortem examination had been carried out, but the cause of death had been withheld until further toxicology tests had concluded.
No further details about Mr Weston have been released.


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I was lucky enough to catch 3 trout on the weekend - 1 brown trout about 750g and 2 small trout (1 brown & 1 rainbow) about 300g.
The smaller two trout I plan to smoke.
I have a smoker, but have never smoked a trout before. My research indicates you should soak the trout in a cure that could contain a mixture of :
However, I'd rather use a recipe that someone has had success with. Any ideas? How long to soak in cure? Wash or not? How long to dry before smoking?
Recipe for cure prior to smoking trout
Started by Luke , Jul 25 2010 07:42 PM
3 replies to this topic
Posted 25 July 2010 - 07:42 PM
Posted 26 July 2010 - 01:23 AM
I think I might have answered my own question when I found this on google.
Posted 26 July 2010 - 02:34 AM
I'm not convinced trout needs all those other flavourings - you'll get a very good product with trout, water and salt. You can dress or season at table - some lemon juice & ground pepper; a plain, garlic or herb mayonnaise; etc.
QUIET! People are trying to pontificate.
Posted 26 July 2010 - 08:01 AM
The smaller two trout I plan to smoke.
I have a smoker, but have never smoked a trout before. ...
Curing aside (for the moment), think about the smoking.
What sort of smoking do you intend? Hot or cold?
Hot smoke will cook the fish (in about 20 minutes or so), while cold smoking for some hours (from 1 to 12 maybe, depending on your cold smoking setup) will give you something rather like cold-smoked salmon ("Lox").
Its a job for a plain straightforward wood, like oak, beech or alder. Something like mesquite would be an insult to the fish.
I'd suggest you cure in a simple but strongish (and definitely cold) brine for less than half an hour. There's not much thickness of flesh for the cure to penetrate.
Then allow to dry properly to give a sticky surface - the 'pellicle' - which helps to hold the smoke, before you go anywhere near the smoke. Airflow is good for the drying, but do beware insects!
The brine? Something like 1 weight of salt (honestly, it doesn't need to be special), to about 5 weights of water. If your tastes are American, you might add sugar, up to about half a weight ... I'd suggest a brown sugar for preference.
Only difficulty is getting that much salt to dissolve quickly. Warming with stirring is the easy way - but you have to then cool it down again before adding the fish.
You shouldn't need much brine, just enough to cover. Probably no more than a pint.
The easy way to do the curing (and with minimal brine) is to put the fish and brine in a plastic bag ... and in the fridge.
I'd fillet before curing. The smoke won't attach to or penetrate skin nearly as well as exposed flesh. So, expose that flesh!
For cold smoking, I'd do the job properly and carefully remove any residual bones (thinking ahead to slicing).
For hot smoking, I'd probably just remove the backbone and open out the whole fish.
Either way, I'd leave the skin on, to help hold the flesh together (during slicing for cold-smoked, and cooking and handling with hot-smoked).
And even hot-smoked, I'd prefer to eat it cold. Blether's suggestion of a herby mayonnaise is a good pointer.
Whatever you decide to do, I hope you'll enjoy your trout!
Edited by dougal, 26 July 2010 - 08:02 AM.
"If you wish to make an apple pie from scratch ... you must first invent the universe." - Carl Sagan


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Perth trainer Adam Durrant has been fined $10,000 after being found guilty of planning to administer a raceday treatment to Mr Moet before he ran at Caulfield on Saturday.
Durrant said he was not guilty and was likely to appeal the decision, telling Racing Victoria stewards during Tuesday's inquiry he believed he would "get off quite easily".
"I feel I've got a pretty strong case," Durrant said.
He said he was preparing the treatment so his stablehand could give it to the horse after he had raced and returned to the stable.
Stewards charged Durrant with conduct which "could have led to a breach of the rules" following a stable raid by the Compliance Assurance Team (CAT) at the stables which housed Mr Moet on the morning of the Caulfield meeting.
He was charged after evidence from CAT officers who said they found him approaching the stall of Mr Moet "with a loaded syringe of Carbalene" and a hand towel.
The CAT also produced a video of their visit to the stable.
CAT member Dion Villella said when he entered the stables where Durrant had Mr Moet stabled, he witnessed Durrant with a syringe in his hand.
Stewards said they were satisfied the trainer was intending to administer the alkalising agent to Mr Moet before he went to the races against the rules.
The trainer told stewards there was no evidence to say he was going to the horse's box to treat him.
"I'm not guilty of doing anything but being organised for my worker," he said.
Mr Moet raced in Saturday's Group Two Peter Young Stakes where he finished second.
Durrant is the fifth trainer to be fined $10,000 since crackdowns by Victorian officials began during the spring carnival.
Mr Moet is the second favourite behind 2012 Melbourne Cup winner Green Moon for the Australian Cup on Saturday week.


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BPL Community Profile
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W's Montbell Down Inner Jacket
Looking for a down inner jacket for my wife: medium Anyone interested in parting with theirs?
Re: In Memoriam: John O'Mahoney (November 8, 1946 - March 10, 2008)
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merino wool deal
I checked my Walmart and they didn't have any. I am in Maine........where in New England did you find a Walmart with them? Thanks A
Firesteel and Tinder
I can get the Firesteel to light my lint balls (better not use the firsteel near my bellybutton ) and the Tinder quick very easily. What do people use that is around naturally in case all I hav...
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No real advice.......... Just envy....... I would love to do something like that with my wife. We have been married over 25 years but have different ideas about outdoor pursuits........and...
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Events & Festivals
Find Events & Festivals
22 July 2013 - 23 July 2013
Contact Details : TAT Nakhon Ratchasima Office
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Tel. +66 4421 3666, +66 4421 3030
Category : Art and Culture,Fairs & Festivals
Scale : Local
Submit inquiries and request for more information for this
The visitors can experience the decorated candle parade from many local districts in Nakhon Ratchasima with the beautiful ladies representing for each candle. During the event, there are also art and cultural procession, candle competition and religious ceremony.


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Esurance values its relationship with you. Protecting the privacy of your information is of the greatest importance to us. As an insurance provider, we are regulated by federal and state laws protecting the confidentiality and security of your information, as well as our use and disclosure of it.
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This includes information you provide us when you apply for our products or request services, either on the internet, by phone, or by other means. It may include information such as your name, address, residence information, telephone number, email address, vehicle information, drivers license number, driving history, current or former insurance information, social security number, gender, educational background, date of birth, marital status and Esurance web pages visited. It also includes information from your communications with us such as letters, telephone calls, and emails.
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This includes information about your transactions with us and others, including our affiliates. It includes information such as your policy coverage levels, account balances, claims history, and billing information.
The above-described types of personal and other types of information about our current, former, or potential customers may be disclosed, but only as permitted or required by law, or as permitted or directed by the customer or consumer.
We may disclose such information to affiliated and unaffiliated insurance companies, insurance agents, reinsurance companies, and insurance support organizations, such as consumer reporting agencies, government entities, and claims administrators. We may also disclose information to unaffiliated third parties that perform services or functions on our behalf including the marketing of our products or services. Further, we may also disclose information as necessary to affect, administer, or enforce a transaction that you request or authorize.
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Party Pics: Heroes and Villains at the Midlandsee more Party Pics
The Midland put on one of KC's biggest Halloween parties Saturday night complete with live music from Lost Wax and party rock music from DJ Ashton Martin. Proceeds from the event benefit First Hand, a foundation started by employees of Cerner Corporation addressing the health care needs of children around the world.
Go to events.kansascity.com to see upcoming events or add your own event.


text: Colorado Springs new homes daily 2012-07-04 Author: CreekStone Homes Posted on Jul, 04 2012 Comment: 0 Category: Twitter Very easy to use, most frequented websites come up when it starts, tool bar is handy, its capable of remembering passwords for all your … # @simplytango just installed 2 weeks ago. I like it. in reply to simplytango # Share this on :00000


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(312) 534-5379
John C. O'Malley has served as the Director of Legal Services for the Archdiocese of Chicago since 1992. As Director, he is responsible for providing legal services to the Archdiocese, its agencies and parishes. Prior to his service as Director, he served as Administrator of the Attorney Registration and Disciplinary Commission of the Supreme Court of Illinois. As Administrator, he was responsible for the investigation and prosecution of charges of professional misconduct by lawyers in Illinois. He received his J.D. from Loyola University School of Law in 1975. He was admitted to practice law in Illinois in 1975.
General Consultation
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General Liability Services
Trusts & Estates
Lawsuits and Administrative Complaints should be directed to the attention of John O'Malley.
(312) 534-8303
Maureen Murphy is Senior Counsel for the Archdiocese of Chicago. She has been with the Archdiocese since 1993. Prior to joining the Archdiocese's legal department, she was in private practice for seven years and spent two years as an attorney for the City of Chicago. Maureen graduated summa cum laude with a bachelor's degree in business administration from Loyola University Chicago in 1981 and received her J.D. from Cornell University in 1984. Maureen was admitted to practice law in Illinois in 1984.
Church/State Issues
Corporate Compliance & Subsidiary Corporation Issues
Corporate Financial Issues
Intellectual Property Issues
Parish/School Consultation o Tax
Contact Maureen for questions regarding any of the above topics including questions regarding subpoenas, wage garnishments, carnival contracts, raffles and charitable games, liquor licenses, political activity, custody issues.
(312) 534-8783
Hortensia C. Esquivel is Senior Counsel for the Archdiocese of Chicago and has served as in-house counsel for the Archdiocese since 2006. Prior to joining the Office of Legal Services at the Archdiocese, Hortensia worked in the Real Estate Practice Group at Winston & Strawn LLP for five years, assisting purchasers, sellers, developers, borrowers and lenders in the acquisition, disposition, financing, development, and leasing of commercial, industrial and multifamily properties. Prior to attending law school, Hortensia worked as a real estate development analyst for Bryan Cave LLP. She received her A.B., cum laude, from Harvard College in 1993 and her J.D., cum laude, from the University of Chicago Law School in 2001. Hortensia was admitted to practice law in Illinois in 2001. Hortensia is fluent in Spanish.
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Please contact Hortensia regarding ownership/title, acquisitions, dispositions, leases, easements, zoning, annexation, land-marking, or disputes regarding ownership or leasing of real property.
(312) 534-8332
Olga Rojas has served as Counsel for the Archdiocese of Chicago since December 2008. Olga concentrates her practice in the area of employment based immigration. Prior to joining the Archdiocese of Chicago, Olga had concentrated her practice primarily in family-based immigration at two immigration law firms in Chicago. She also served as a Constituent Services Aide in the Office of U.S. Senator Peter G. Fitzgerald, handling immigration issues and Hispanic Affairs. Olga is a member of the American Immigration Lawyers' Association (AILA) and is currently the Secretary for the Chicago Chapter. She is the recipient of the 2005 Joseph Minsky Beacon of Light Award from the Chicago Chapter of AILA for her work on advocacy. She is currently Treasurer for the Hispanic Lawyers Scholarship Fund of Illinois. Olga is a graduate of DePaul University College of Law and holds a Bachelor of Arts in Sociology from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Olga was selected as one of fifteen Americans to participate in the Young Hispanic Leaders Program, which took place in Madrid and Santander, Spain in 2003. Olga was selected one of Illinois' Rising Stars in 2008 and 2009 by Illinois Super Lawyers Magazine. Olga was admitted to practice law in Illinois in 1996. She is fluent in Spanish.
Please contact Olga with questions regarding any topics concerning religious worker visas, student visas, legal permanent residency, naturalization (citizenship) and I-9 compliance for persons who serve the Archdiocese of Chicago or attend one of the Archdiocese of Chicago Seminaries or formation houses.
(312) 534-5201
Jimmy Stathopoulos is a Senior Staff Attorney for the Archdiocese of Chicago. He has worked in the Archdiocese of Chicago's Office of Legal Services since 2006. Jimmy received his J.D. from Loyola University Chicago in 2010 and graduated with a bachelor's degree in philosophy from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign in 2005. Jimmy was admitted to practice law in Illinois in 2010.
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(312) 534-8789
Pawel joined the Office of Legal Services in July 2005. Pawel earned his Master of Law degree from Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Poland in 2002, and LL.M. from Loyola University in Chicago in 2011. Pawel was admitted to practice law in the State of New York in June 2012 and admitted to the United States District Court, Northern District of Illinois in July 2012. Pawel's primary focus is attorney for immigration services, however, Pawel serves as paralegal support to all in-house Archdiocesan attorneys. He is fluent in Polish.
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(312) 534-8306
Gary Ansier is a Staff Attorney for the Archdiocese of Chicago. Prior to joining the Archdiocese's Office of Legal Services in October of 2012, Gary managed a variety of transactional and litigation matters as Senior Staff Counsel for Merchandise Mart Properties, Inc.. Gary received his B.A. from the University of Illinois at Chicago in 2005 and his J.D. from The John Marshall Law School in 2008. Gary was admitted to practice law in Illinois in 2008.
(312) 534-2553
Frank Tebbe serves as Staff Attorney for the Archdiocese of Chicago. Prior to joining the Office of Legal Services in October of 2012, Frank practiced business and commercial litigation at a small, full-service law firm, and he negotiated and drafted commercial contracts for a national transportation company.
Frank received his B.A. in English from DePaul University, his M.S. in English from Illinois State University, and his J.D. from DePaul University College of Law. Frank was admitted to practice law in the State of Illinois in 2010, and was admitted to the United States District Court, Northern District of Illinois in 2011.
(312) 534-8319
Jan Leonatti joined the Archdiocese of Chicago in August 1992 and the Office of Legal Services in July 1994.
Jan is responsible for the business function and overall operations of the Office of Legal Services and supports all Legal Services staff in their individual roles.
(312) 534-8288
Teri McGinley has been with the Office of Legal Services since June 2012.
Teri provides secretarial support to John O'Malley, Maureen Murphy, Hortensia Carreira Esquivel and Frank Tebbe.
(312) 534-2027
Darlene Robey joined the Office of Legal Services in August 2012.
Darlene provides secretarial support to Olga Rojas, Jimmy Stathopoulos, Pawel Boruch and Gary Ansier.


text:
Wednesday, November 2, 2005
© Copyright 2015 Clayton News Daily
By Justin BoronThe Clayton County Board of Commissioners on Thursday will break ground in Riverdale on what it sees as the third of six recreation centers to have reached the construction phase. Using funds collected from a special, one-cent sales tax, the commission has moved forward on a Riverdale center, a Jonesboro aquatic center, and a Jonesboro senior center. The county expects the centers to be open to the public in 2006. The Riverdale center in Commissioner Virginia Gray's district is designed to serve youth and adult citizens in recreational activities such as swimming, basketball, dance, physical training, and tumbling. It will also provide classroom and meeting space. The $40 million recreation program has been a point of controversy for the commission since newly elected officials took office in January. Several local community leaders, such as local NAACP President Dexter Matthews, have been critical of the centers' progress and have accused the commission of misleading the public on the number of centers it will ultimately complete. Matthews has maintained that the county owes its citizens six separate and new recreation centers in addition to the aquatic and senior centers. Commissioners have contended that they will complete all six centers eventually.
More like this story
- Commission to break ground on Riverdale center ( November 1, 2005 )
- Local NAACP hints at lawsuit amid rec center contention ( June 8, 2005 )
- Officials kick off rec center construction ( November 4, 2005 )
- Commission to pick a builder for centers ( May 17, 2005 )
- County moving forward on recreation center ( August 29, 2005 )


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Toolworx 4" Cuticle Nipper 1/4 Jaw
We know you want the goods as soon as possible, which is why orders received by 3pm ET leave our warehouse the very same day. We'll send you an email that day to confirm shipment and the email will include your tracking information.
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Justin has appeared in commercials for 24 Hour Fitness, LiveScribe Smart Pens and Intel Processors. Festival performances include the Boston Improv Festival, the San Francisco Improv Festival, the Santa Cruz Improv Festival, the Toronto International Improv Festival and SF Sketchfest.
Justin Lamb moved to New York in 2009 and has studied at Upright Citizens Brigade with Ari Voukydis, Adam Conover, John Frusciante, Brandon Gardner, Gavin Speiller, Ben Rodgers and Erik Tanouye.
You can regularly see him at Upright Citizens Brigade with the Harold team Smalls. Commercial representation through Stewart Talent.


text: Publications Search Results Your query returned 1 citations. Results 1 - 1 Per page: 25 50 100 Sort by: Pub Date (newest) Title Recent Additions Author 1 Clear All Pub. Year Citation 2003 King, Dana E., Carek, Peter, Mainous, Arch G., III, Pearson, William S. Inflammatory markers and exercise: Differences related to exercise type. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. 35, (4), 575-581. Full Text Options: Worldcat Google Scholar Export Options: RIS EndNote XML Results 1 - 1 1


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- Infowars - http://www.infowars.com -
World Bank Insider Blows Whistle on Corruption, Federal Reserve
Posted By kurtnimmoadmin On May 26, 2013 @ 9:41 am In Big Brother,Old Infowars Posts Style,Tile | Comments Disabled
Alex Newman
May 26, 2013
A former insider at the World Bank, ex-Senior Counsel Karen Hudes, says the global financial system is dominated by a small group of corrupt, power-hungry figures centered around the privately owned U.S. Federal Reserve. The network has seized control of the media to cover up its crimes, too, she explained. In an interview with The New American, Hudes said that when she tried to blow the whistle on multiple problems at the World Bank, she was fired for her efforts. Now, along with a network of fellow whistleblowers, Hudes is determined to expose and end the corruption. And she is confident of success.
Citing an explosive 2011 Swiss study published in the PLOS ONE journal on the "network of global corporate control," Hudes pointed out that a small group of entities — mostly financial institutions and especially central banks — exert a massive amount of influence over the international economy from behind the scenes. "What is really going on is that the world's resources are being dominated by this group," she explained, adding that the "corrupt power grabbers" have managed to dominate the media as well. "They're being allowed to do it."
According to the peer-reviewed paper, which presented the first global investigation of ownership architecture in the international economy, transnational corporations form a "giant bow-tie structure." A large portion of control, meanwhile, "flows to a small tightly-knit core of financial institutions." The researchers described the core as an "economic 'super-entity'" that raises important issues for policymakers and researchers. Of course, the implications are enormous for citizens as well.
Article printed from Infowars: http://www.infowars.com
URL to article: http://www.infowars.com/world-bank-insider-blows-whistle-on-corruption-federal-reserve/
Click here to print.
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Designer Lui Hon makes garments that are timeless and functional, yet undeniably fresh and unique, often concealing surprising design elements.#9137
Barbara Casasola presents a spring/summer 2012 collection that's truly effortless and ageless.#9136
Nichole de Carle's unique designs are inspired by literature, history and architecture; they're resolutely modern and incredibly sexy. Peek at our fave picks from the Onyx and Opal collections.#9130
Cinzia Araia proves that less is definitely more with her fall 2012 footwear collection.#9127
Alexander McQueen presents a short film created by Paris-based director/photographer Babette Pauthier, featuring Alexander McQueen's Autumn/Winter 2011 seasonal scarf collection.#9126
Sass & Bide's 2011 Resort Collection, The Winning Day, is contemporary street-and-pop-culture inspired!#9125
New Spring '12 lookbook by Brooklyn-based eco lingerie and swimwear company daisy & elizabeth#9123
Combine downtown style and uptown luxe with this cashmere biker jacket by Crumpet.#9122
Topshop finds inspiration from the roaring 20s in their Holiday 2011 collection.#9119
Alexander McQueen's fall/winter 2011 scarves come to life in a hauntingly beautiful short video.#9118
The Calligraphy Necklace by Brevity - each custom necklace is hand lettered by calligrapher Crystal Kluge, creating a one-of-a-kind necklace as unique as the wearer.#9115
There's always tension between our energies and the garments we wear. And what if the garment channelled them instead of containing them? Designer Winde Rienstra tries this with her SS2012 collection, "11:11″.
The costume designer behind the upcoming adaptation of "The Girl With The Dragon Tattoo" has lent her creative vision to a new collection for H&M inspired by the film's main character.#9107
Bring a futuristic flair to your look with these bold, black platform heels from Miista.#9105
Love these scarf tying tutorials from department store Liberty of London. So many different styles and looks to play with this fall!#9101
Noumenon's clothing mixes art, technology and fashion through the use of 3D images on fabric. The brand from Taiwan combines a futuristic aesthetic with classic silhouettes to create an unique signature style.
I adore these oxfords by Bloch. I can't wait to pair these with skinny jeans and a cardigan in this crisp, Fall weather!#9093


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Αναγν. άρθρου: 2022778 - Δείτε τα προϊόντα στα οποία αναφέρεται το συγκεκριμένο άρθρο.
When you start Outlook 2007, you receive the following error:
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Note: If you need help with this error in Outlook 2010 or 2013, use the help article I can't start Microsoft Outlook 2010 or 2013 or receive the error "Cannot start Microsoft Office Outlook. Cannot open the Outlook window"
This problem can occur when file that maintains the Navigation Pane settings becomes corrupted. This file is called profilename.xml, where profilename is the name of your Outlook profile. This file is stored in the following folder:
A good indication this file is corrupted is when the file size is 0 KB.
To resolve this problem automatically, go to the "Fix it for me" section. If you prefer to do this yourself, go to the "Let me fix it myself" section.
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Do you believe in love at first sit? Well, sink in and stretch out in the Mason power rocker recliner and you can feel the love for yourself. With PowerReclineXR – the next generation of recliners that lets you adjust the back and legrest independently in any combination of positions so your relaxing possibilities are virtually endless. Lavishly cushioned, Mason features classic good looks and a chaise seat for added leg support and comfort.
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Divisional Playoffs - Green Bay Packers v San Franciso 49ers
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Justin Smith of the San Francisco 49ers is interviewed by the media... Foto di attualitàCalifornia,Composizione orizzontale,Football americano,Green Bay Packers,Justin Smith - Football,Mass Media,Match sportivo,Monster Park,NFL,San Francisco - California,San Francisco 49ers,Seguire,Spogliatoio,Sport,Stadio,Stati Uniti d'AmericaPhotographer Michael ZagarisCollection: Getty Images Sport 2013 Michael ZagarisSAN FRANCISCO, CA - JANUARY 12: Justin Smith #94 of the San Francisco 49ers is interviewed by the media in the locker room following the game against the Green Bay Packers at Candlestick Park on January 12, 2012 in San Francisco, California. The 49ers defeated the Packers 45-31. (Photo by Michael Zagaris/San Francisco 49ers/Getty Images)


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Good and Bad Ways to Think About Religion and Politics by Robert Benne Eerdmans, 128 pp., $14
Although virtually all Americans would agree that the idea of the separation of church and state is a good thing, what exactly it means is a hotly contested question.
For some, it means that the government and religious bodies are autonomous entities that ought not to exert power over each other in the areas over which each has appropriate authority. Others extend the idea of separation to include not only institutional limits but also a severance between the government's lawmaking powers and religiously informed policy proposals. So, for example, a law that prohibits embryo-destruction research would violate the separation of church and state, since such a law is informed by a sanctity-of-life ethic derived from a particular theological tradition. Thus, the only legitimate policy on this matter that the state may enact is one whose advocates are not motivated by their religious beliefs.
Notice that the latter understanding of separationism is not concerned with the actual content of the religious citizen's policy proposal, whether or not he or she has offered a cogent argument that is rationally defensible. Rather, this form of separationism amounts to a metaphysical exclusionary rule that a priori bars as illegitimate a cluster of policy proposals without regard for the quality of the cases offered for any of them. Their secular contraries are not subjected to this philosophical apartheid, even though they offer answers to the same questions and rely on beliefs no less contested than their so-called religious counterparts.
Consider, again, embryo-destruction research. One side claims that the embryonic human being is a full-fledged member of the human community, identical to its postnatal self, and thus possesses the same moral worth and intrinsic dignity throughout its existence. The other side denies this, arguing that embryonic human beings lack some characteristic or property that would make them moral persons and thus subject to the usual prohibitions against homicide. Although the religious citizen is motivated by what his theological tradition teaches, that tradition is itself a consequence of an extended argument over time, no different in character from its secular counterpart. For the secularist's position is shaped by certain inherited beliefs acquired during his academic and cultural formation that are central to his intellectual tradition. These beliefs in metaphysics (nominalism), epistemology (scientism), and religion (subjectivism) are, like the believer's beliefs, the result of an extended argument over time.
In Good and Bad Ways to Think About Religion and Politics, Robert Benne provides a clear and compelling brief for just this sort of religious citizen (and the ecclesial community to which this citizen belongs). And he does so with great care and insight. Director of the Center for Religion and Society at Roanoke College, Benne focuses on American politics and Christian participation in it. Although he does mention a few non-Christian groups, his purpose is to offer Christians and their detractors a way of thinking about religion and politics that addresses some of the concerns that many believers and unbelievers have expressed over the past three decades since the ascendancy of the Religious Right.
After the short introduction, in chapters two and three Benne distinguishes two sorts of positions on the relationship between religion and politics—separationism and fusionism—both of which he argues Christians ought to reject. As for the first, there are at least two varieties. One sort—championed by writers as diverse as Richard Dawkins and Damon Linker—views the participation of religious citizens in the formation of policy as deleterious to democratic liberalism, if the policies these citizens propose have their genesis in their religious beliefs. Benne convincingly rebuts this claim by showing that to actualize this separationist prescription would, in effect, limit religious liberty in ways inconsistent with the promise of the American Founding. (This is why John Rawls's "political liberalism"—the liberation theology of the secular class—is a project subversive to liberal democracy, since it privileges what it claims it does not privilege, understandings of reason, liberty, self-governance, and philosophical anthropology that are intrinsically hostile to the principles of the American Founding. And it does so on the basis of rather flimsy arguments.)
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GOLDEN VALLEY, Minn. -- As the push for increased gun control kicks into high-gear on both the state and federal level, local leaders are very much involved in the debate.
Hennepin County Sheriff Rich Stanek has been to the Washington twice now to discuss gun legislation and he was in attendance during the President's recent speech in Minneapolis.
Sheriff Stanek joined KARE 11 Sunrise to talk about gun control efforts.
(Copyright 2013 by KARE. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.)


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A taste of Townend
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The year is 1699. A smoky rush light gives a dim glow at the parlour table where Elizabeth Birkett sits holding a pen as she has each night for the past month. She works diligently filling each page in her commonplace book with recipes in a small but distinctive hand.
Elizabeth went on to marry Ben Browne of Townend in 1702, and came to live at the house. By the time it was complete, her commonplace book contained 57 numbered pages with over 80 cookery and medicinal recipes and 25 household ones. The story it tells us about life at the time is one of sophisticated tastes against a backdrop of rural tradition and superstition.
Elizabeth's book is going to be on display at Townend for the first time this year. We are creating many of her dishes for display and will also be cooking every Thursday during the open season.
You can read a transcript of her book, or recreate one of her delicious confectionary recipes at home by following the links to the right.


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My name is Sawyer. I'm a dutch-mix rabbit. I'm a about 1 years old and neutered . I'm a handsome, active explorer bunny who doesn't mind settling down for some snuggle and cuddle time. I get lots of compliments at adoption shows as I'm good with people and children. I'm gentle and fun spirited. I'm about 1 year old. I love greens and lots of hay. Toys, too, so I can play. I try to be a good bunny by going in my litter box. I enjoy my willow toys and apple tree twigs with gusto! I'm pretty easy to befriend with the right delicious snacks. That's the secret to many human-bunny friends! Come meet me. You won't be disappointed!
I'm current fostered by Andy's Pet Shop in San Jose, CA, which displays only rescued animals now.
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text: Josephine DeNoville | IBDB: The official source for Broadway Information IBDB: The official source for Broadway Information Official Broadway League sites: - sites - broadway.org broadwayleague.com broadwayfanclub.com kidsnightonbroadway.com stagespecs.org tonyawards.com Quick Search For: In This Category: All Show People/Org. Theatre Season Josephine DeNoville Performer Female Productions ProductionsDate of ProductionsThe Pirates of Penzance[Musical, Operetta, Revival] Performer: Josephine DeNoville [Ensemble]Jun 03, 1912 - Jun 26, 1912Patience[Musical, Operetta, Revival] Performer: Josephine DeNoville [Maiden]May 06, 1912 - Jun 01, 1912A Night with the Pierrots / Sesostra / The Whirl of SocietyThe Whirl of Society[Musical, Satire, Original] Performer: Josephine DeNoville [Chorus]Mar 05, 1912 - Jun 29, 1912 Find out where Josephine DeNoville and are credited together © 2001-2015, The Broadway League, All Rights Reserved. (Copyright and Disclaimer)


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Northern Ireland 3-1 Greece: Euro 2016 qualifier – as it happened
Northern Ireland secured their place at Euro 2016 with a brilliant 3-1 victory over a hopeless Greece side Match report: Northern Ireland 3-1 Greece 10.15pm BST And here's Julian taylor's match report 9.53pm BST Right, I'm off. It's been memorable. Thanks for sharing it with me. Here's aGuardian » 13h


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If you shop @ Amazon.com (and who doesn't?), please consider making Yo San your designated Amazon Smile non-profit charity!
Located a few short blocks from Jerry Brown's State Office, folks assembled at the downtown convention center to endure a long Tuesday's worth of testing. Representatives from several other acupuncture schools were also present, as well as Marilyn Allen from the American Acupuncture Council, who generously hosted a free luncheon for all test takers.
I chose Yo San because of its warm, community feel and impressive TCM curriculum. The first time I visited and attended an open house I felt very welcomed and inspired and knew that it was the school I wanted to attend.
My key summer nutrition tip is a surprise to about 95% of my patients: mostly avoid iced beverages, and don't over do the plunge into salads and summer fruit and ice cream. Our bodies can stay more balanced and cool in hot weather if the skin can open and release perspiration easily.


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Where some see struggle and turmoil, head coach Kristen Need sees positivity and hope as her Prout girls lacrosse team embarks on their 2013 schedule.
It has been a rough go for the Crusaders since they made the jump to Division I prior to the 2011 season.
NARRAGANSETTŌĆöThe Narragansett boys Tennis team is only three matches into the season and it sounds like they are ready to handle anything that comes their way.
The Cranston West boys tennis team didnŌĆÖt lose a single match last season and finished a perfect 18-0 en route to the Division II Championship.
During the FalconsŌĆÖ run only one team ŌĆō Prout ŌĆō seriously threatened to upend WestŌĆÖs run as the No. 5 seed CrusadersŌĆÖ were one point away from shocking the odd-on favorites in the D-II Semifinals.
Two games and Two wins so far this spring for the Narragansett girls lacrosse team, setting the tone for what is hopefully a strong season for the Mariners.
The 2012 campaign did not end as many Mariner fans had hoped but this season the team is looking to take the next step.
Much like the Mount St. Charles hockey teams of the 1980s and ŌĆÖ90s, South Kingstown boys tennis has become synonymous with winning in the state of Rhode Island.
With 14-straight state titles, the longest such streak by any public school in the state in any sport, this millennium has belonged to Rebel tennis.
COVENTRY ŌĆö Defending state volleyball champion South Kingstown and the team the Rebels beat in last yearŌĆÖs Division I semifinals, Coventry, both graduated a number of talented players and All-Staters.
WARWICK ŌĆö The rest of Division I might not know much about Coventry seniors Aaron Guenet and Justin Jadach, but as the Pilgrim baseball team found out in MondayŌĆÖs season opener, the Oaker duo is a pretty formidable mound combination.


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Chemicals Sector Rail Traffic Rises 6.2%
April 26, 2012 | Vincent Valk
Chemicals sector rail traffic in North America rose 6.2% year-on-year during the week ended April 21, to 44,444 cars, according to the Association of American Railroads (AAR; Washington). U.S. traffic was up 5.4%, to 30,847 cars. Canadian traffic rose 9.4%, to 12,268 cars, while Mexican traffic fell 1.6%, to 1,329 cars. Traffic fell from the prior week's totals. Overall, North American freight rail traffic fell 0.1% year-on-year last week, to 379,454 cars, AAR says. Year-to-date, the North American chemicals sector has generated 672,666 cars of rail...
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Claims on behalf of authorities that naked body scanner images are immediately destroyed after passengers pass through new x-ray backscatter devices have been proven fraudulent after it was revealed that naked images of Indian film star Shahrukh Khan were printed out and circulated by airport staff at Heathrow in London.
In case anyone thought Alex Jones wasn't a liar who never checks facts.
Busted AGAIN Alex.
The image in this article is FAKE FAKE FAKE. This article is a lie, and hopefully Sam Dodson has updated HIS video that includes this lie as well. The image that supposedly came from a body scanner is a PHOTOSHOPPED stock image. AKA: It's not REAL.
Prison Planet: 'Fiction is good enough as long as it makes us money and is sensational enough... we'll jump on it and call it news... Print a retraction? Maybe, but we'll be sure to be very vague about the retraction... and we won't print it until several months after everyone has forgotten about the story'. Prison Planet and Infowars suck... if you rely on them for information, you are uninformed.
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Hi Evereyone,MLD is looking for a few folks to sponsor with gear next year. They don't have to be superman/woman/kid hikers but a lot of previous BP experience and a general plan for a lot(over 90 total days before Oct 2007) hiking is required. The general idea is to get our new gear to longrange/speed/newstyle SUL hikers planning a med/major trip/thru-hike in 2007 for feedback and help to spread MLD goals. Sponsorships will be in gear only. See our website homepage for more info/application. Feel free to copy this and repost at any her BP sites/forums you may visit. Thanks,Ron
I wish I could offer some assistance. I would love to be able to help you test your new gear, but I don't have anything big planned for next year and don't really have time to spend that much time on the trail with school. I may be doing the PCT in 2009, but that's still a ways off. If I were to test some gear next year it would give me excuses to go hiking more often. The girlfriend always tries to get me to stay but if I could pull a "but Ron's business depends on me testing his stuff this weekend" she might understand. You make some great stuff, I have two of your tarps and I'm sure you'll have no problem getting some qualified testers for your new gear.I can't wait for you to start production on the eVent mitts, I've been looking for some shells to wear for hiking in the rain and they seem to be just the ticket. I can't wait to see what else Ron has in store for us, its sure to be good.Adam
Ron,I'm not sure I can help you out in the way that you mentioned as far as time out goes. That said I'm doing some UL gear testing in the early spring for a series of articles on www.outdooradventurecanada.com with a specific emphasis on children/families. We have a large US and Canadian readership and it could be quite helpful for you. If you are interested drop me a line (just use one of the emails on the site) or phone me at 1-800-390-4089. I certainly would like to help you get some press on your products.
Edited by Laurie_Ann on 12/04/2006 10:43:05 MST.
Ron,By January 31st, I'll be getting a yes/no answer on an application to study in Mongolia for one year. If I receive a no, I'm considering a 3 month thru-hike of the PCT with only six "big" resupplies that I will supplement with food that can be found directly on or right next to the trail (i.e. no hitchhikes, no walks of more than a few mintues). I'd like to start at the end of May and maintain a SUL base weight for the entire trail. Is this something you'd be interested in sponsoring?
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Dragonsdoom's roots started as a hardcore gamer; playing hundreds of hours of Counter-strike, Baulder's Gate and Sim-style games for years. Even as he played such games, he was fascinated with the concept of 'Level Editors', creating many small levels for such games as Sim City, Age of Empires and Stronghold. He eventually experimented with further design concepts such as GUI style mods in Age of Empires. After a time, he decided to become a developer himself, to be more than a consumer amongst the horde and give back to the community. He learned true 3d level design by starting on the Source engine, and is currently learning how to do do every aspect of game development in the hopes of starting his own indie company with some college pals.
Posted by Dragonsdoom on Dec 30th, 2008
Well I seem to have gotten sick again, slowing down progress on everything. At least while I am recovering I will have Fallout 3 to enjoy once it arrives.(Ordered it on Ebay with Christmas gift cards. Why can't people just send money?) I am already downloading mods for it, I think I am up to twenty so far, and I plan on more. Most of the mods I enjoy are added content mods, not replacement content mods, and therefore give me even more fun experiences without missing any of the original content. I am looking forward to working in the G.E.C.K. and I think I made the right decision for myself in choosing Fallout 3 over Far Cry 2, although I will probably end up getting it as well later.
We had our first D&D session in the new campaign, and I think it will go nicely. It started off with a bang; the six first party members plus another six or so caravan guards versus twenty scrubs and a soldier.
Ended up knocking out my sister's PC, as well as sending my PC running for his life into the forest with one hit point.(Thank you total defense combat mechanics!)
I found it a bit odd that I ended up doing nothing but throwing ranged weapons the whole combat, when I had designed the PC to be a melee fighter. Still, I had fun.
(Listening to: The throbbing in his head - HeadCold)


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At first, there were not enough people in the theater to even qualify as a handful. A couple had the front section to themselves, while the upper half was completely vacant. The scarce attendance did not seem like a good sign, and the reason appeared mysterious because other Los Alamos Little Theater's (LALT) productions usually attract a full house.
More seats filled as the ceiling lights flashed, signaling the start of "8 x 10 Again," the local theater company's newest production, but it was still not filled. What was going on? Was there football game or a major election debate on television? Why aren't people supporting the local arts?
But when the lights blinked off for good and the actors took the stage, it became clearer public support for the arts had in fact filled the room.
The performers and their work were showered not just with applause but also with the audience's admiration for what LALT had created.
With enthusiasm and gusto, everyone booed and hissed at the villain while cheering for the hero and the heroine in "Melodrama: A Short Stretch in Aspen or The Lay of the Land."
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