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Now, if there ever were authentic and inspired passages in the Book of Mormon it's these [next] chapters we have come to in Alma. We really have something there. Nothing in the whole wide spectrum covered by the Book of Mormon is more significant than what is laid out in Alma 30–35. Wars are tactically territorial, as you know. They always are. That's absolutely basic—Clausewitz again. It's the taking and occupying of land that measures an army's success, but strategically wars are always ideological and they remain that way. The confused alarms and the horrible battles that we get in chapter 28 lead to Alma's passionate outcry in chapter 29, a very short declaration. Then in chapter 30 everybody is fed up with war for a time. It stops in chapter 30—everybody is exhausted. But how had it all begun? The issues are going to continue. The territorial issues have been settled for the time being, but the ideological issues are still there. Now we have the real conflicts here. Remember, [Ammon's] religious reforms were pushed by the king and rejected by the majority of his subjects, among whom the Nehor philosophy was the one that was dominant. So when the fighting stopped, the ideological controversy was taken up by the skillful spokesman for Nehor, who was Korihor. His name is very interesting, too, like the chief judge that follows him. We'll mention it in a minute.
It's hard to believe that this discourse of Korihor was printed in 1830. Imagine that! No such lucid statement of neo-Darwinism came forth until 1859. That was the time when everybody started getting together. There was Ricardo, who died in 1823, then Malthus around 1834. Then came the "big boys" in the latter part of the nineteenth century. In 1859 Darwin's Origin of the Species was published, and in the same year Marx's Das Kapital was published. Marx wanted to dedicate it to Darwin because they were right in the same line. It was dialectical materialism. This world accounts for everything, and that's the whole thing, religion being "the opiate of the people," etc. Then Herbert Spencer, who was a little later, took it up. He lived into the early twentieth century. He invented the saying "survival of the fittest." Very briefly, the idea with Malthus is that the food supply increases more slowly and mathematically, while the population increases geometrically. We will always be short of food, he says. If we are given a little food, we reproduce much too fast each time. That means there must always be competition. There will never be enough. That means in this competition only the fittest survive. That's what nature meant, that the most able and the fittest should survive. This is the neo-Darwinism we have today. Leave things alone, and let nature take its course—Milton Friedman, etc. The free play of the market will account for everything. This is what Korihor represents in a rather extreme party line actually. The annus mirabilis was in 1859. That's when Wagner first came out. This is the triumphant, conservative ideology of our time.
Korihor is like Ayn Rand, whose philosophy was absolutely identical. She was enormously popular at BYU a few years ago. She was antireligious, and he was antireligious, too. Well, that would never do. So his teachings were applied with a religious veneer and religious fervor by the Zoramites. They have the same philosophy, but they are very religious about it. They made a big thing of religion, we will soon find out. The religion of the Nehors was very pious, respectable, and conventional. It was proper to go to the big churches, not too demanding but formalized. This ultra respectable, ultra rich was the ideal, as in American politics. The fashionable thing was to become high church Episcopalian. That's [like] what the Nehors were. We get this very clearly in the case of the Zoramites—wonderful, marvelous people, but they had these ideas. So there was the ideological tension between these two teachings. Remember, Alma was very strict on the other side. He was austere and had a passion for equality. Remember, he was very sorrowful, seeing the equality being broken up, etc.
The modest and austere ways of life of the Saints and all this that Alma went for was a subsistence economy, as against a market economy. They are the two kinds of economies that flourish in the world. Subsistence is when you subsist. That's stable and goes on from year to year. The Hopis and other Indians do that. People do that normally. Those are the ancient civilizations; they go on indefinitely. To subsist is all you expect. "Having food and raiment, let us be therewith content," said Paul. We have food storage for the sake of subsistence. We don't store our two-year supply to sell for the market. It's for subsistence so we can subsist over the bad years by taking advantage of the good years. This is what the ancients have done. It has always gone on; whereas with the market it is always going up and down. We consult the Dow-Jones everyday. Some days it's up, and some people are made rich and some made poor. Some days it's down, and some people get very rich and some get very poor. But it is always going up or down. It's unstable, it's brittle, and it leads to all sorts of tensions and competition. Of course, it's a great inducement to lying. There's all sorts of trickery because you are selling things and buying things. A profit is taking more than you gave, and you have to play pretty smart games with each other to do that sort of thing. So we have these two conflicting philosophies very, very clearly set forth in these chapters of Alma, which are so beautiful. We see the contrast then.
According to Alma 1–2 it was Nehor who introduced the first priestcraft. In Egypt it was Korihor who observed the first priestcraft in the twentieth dynasty. His name is being read differently today as H∞ry-hƒr (Herihor). When Baer was last here he settled for Herihor, but we don't know what the vowel was here. He was the high priest of Karnak in the twentieth dynasty under the last of the Rameses (X and XI). He was very ambitious, and he took to himself the title of "King's Son of the South—Ruler of the South." He had himself represented in various murals, inscriptions, etc., as equal, or even superior, to Pharaoh. He shows himself sacrificing in a superior place to Pharaoh. He even takes the title of Pharaoh, but he doesn't put the cartouche around it. He doesn't officially claim to be Pharaoh. But he puts that for his son, and his son was named Paanchi. You remember later on we get a judge who is very important, and his name is Paanchi. Spelled as it is in the Book of Mormon, his son was Paanchi. He [Herihor] established priestcraft, and Paanchi did become king. In the 1100s [B.C.] this happened, quite a while before Lehi. But it left great reverberations. It changed the whole order of things. From then on it was all the high priests of Thebes. The king had to reconcile himself to the high priest of Thebes, who usually got himself made king. This was the priestcraft, and it ruined Egypt, actually. Pharaoh lost his authority, and nobody knew who was in charge after that.
When Nehor comes before Alma right in the first chapter, Alma says, this is the first time we have had priestcraft here. Well if it was the first time, how would he know about priestcraft? Well, of course, the traditions were very great, and we have it right in the Book of Mormon here. This man Korihor had the same name as [the man in Egypt], and he introduced priestcraft in the time of Alma here. "But Alma said unto him: Behold, this is the first time that priestcraft has been introduced among this people. And behold, thou art not only guilty of priestcraft, but hast endeavored to enforce it by the sword . . ." as the priests did later, because they were usually military commanders, too. They were sometimes Libyans that took over. The family of Sheshonk is the most famous of all the St. Nubians and the dynasty following that, the twenty-second dynasty. "And were priestcraft to be enforced among this people it would prove their entire destruction." Alma knew his history. This hadn't happened before there. It wasn't Nephite history he was talking about; it was history from the Old World.
Question: Is it just coincidental that they have people with the same name that seem to play the same roles in the two different societies?
Answer: It can't be accidental when you get a name like this. It ends in i in the Book of Mormon. That isn't a Greek or Latin name. It's not a Hebrew name or an English name. What is it? Where does it come from? Well, the name was only discovered in the latter part of the nineteenth century, around the 1870s or 1880s. Then there was quite a number of them. It's a fairly popular name which means "he is my life," meaning "Amon is my life." Remember, Amon is the big thing [in Egypt]. But a name like that you wouldn't invent in a million years. This is the one thing that Albright said you could not get around. This is definitely an Egyptian name and couldn't be found anywhere else. Somebody had to know it, and there it is in the Book of Mormon. He was very much impressed. Albright's own copy of the Book of Mormon was heavily marked and carefully read. He was very much impressed by it, and we had some very nice talks together. Anyway, the great Albright is dead now. He got an honorary doctorate from BYU. He came out here and spoke. He was so good and so famous that nobody could afford him. He didn't charge a high price but was very much underpaid at Johns Hopkins. Nobody else could hire him because they couldn't afford him. He was so much better than anybody else, and they couldn't afford what they thought they should pay, not what he thought they should pay. He was willing to work for nothing. His wife had an independent income, and it all came from Kennicott Copper out here. The money that came from Kennicott Copper also built the big library in Dublin. The Chester Beatty Collection in Dublin is the greatest collection of ancient documents in the world—all paid for by Utah copper here.
Let's get going. I don't want to drag. We have some ground to cover, don't we? I shouldn't be talking about things like that. He [Nehor] is being a very reasonable person. He takes the position that many people take now in the Church and have always taken. They are the enlightened, the emancipated intellectuals. You can't know of things you can't see, he says in verse 15. That's being very reasonable; he's a positivist. You can only know what you can weigh and measure and be sure of. That's scientific and fair enough. What's the rest of it? Well, you're just sick, he says. "But behold, it is the effect of a frenzied mind." Now many of my friends think like this, that Mormons must be deranged. We have a professor from Hebrew University who is here now. He thinks that anybody must be crazy who can believe in an angel. That's just impossible; there's something wrong there. He just can't get it through his head, although there it is. That's why he is so interested in being here with people who actually believe it. "But behold, it is the effect of a frenzied mind; and this derangement of your minds comes because of the traditions of your fathers, which lead you away into a belief of things which are not so." Remember the classic example of believing the old traditions and legends and going crazy? Don Quixote. You're a lot of Don Quixotes. You've got these traditions of your fathers. You've romanticized them, you're stuck with them, and you believe things which just are not so, he says.
Then he talks about the facts of life. "And many more such things did he say unto them . . ." Now here is the creed. This is the creed of individualism, dialectical materialism, etc.—Mill, Ricardo, and all the rest of them. We didn't mention John Stuart Mill; he was writing in the [1860s]. ". . . telling them that there could be no atonement made for the sins of men, but every man fared in this life according to the management of the creature." There's the word management being used in the Book of Mormon; management wasn't used at that time. When you talk about "the management of the creature," that's a perfect expression. It's the manipulation of people as if they were items or products. You can manipulate everything with the psychology of salesmanship. It is the manipulation, the management of the creature. Every man will fare according to how he manages himself; therefore, every man prospers according to his genius, and every man conquers according to his strength. The result is, of course, that you deserve what you get—the survival of the fittest, nature wants it that way, "and whatsoever a man did was no crime." On the founding of BYU, Brigham Young said that was the doctrine that BYU was founded to counteract. We won't go into that quotation, but I should find it here.
That is just what they [the Nehors] wanted to do, because if that is so God is dead and all is permitted. They enjoyed that because they weren't bound down. They were now emancipated (verse 18), "leading away the hearts of many [because they liked it], causing them to lift up their heads in their wickedness, yea, leading away many women, and also men, to commit whoredoms—telling them that when a man was dead, that was the end thereof." So, as I said, nobody has to be paid off. On the basis of this materialistic thing you are not going anywhere. If you are going to have your fun you must have it here. So it led to immorality. That's part of the picture of this positivism.
Now this man [Korihor] went over to the land of Jershon. This was now going to be occupied by the Ammonites to make a buffer state. They carried him before Ammon there; they didn't like him. These were the Ammonites who had followed Ammon and were settled in Jershon. They didn't like it, but what can you do about it? They took him to the high priest, and he was a hot potato. The high priest ordered him deported—that was all he could do. So they deported him to the land of Gideon, and he began to preach to them, too. The high priest there was also the chief judge over the land. He said, "Why do ye go about perverting the ways of the Lord?" The high priest's name was Giddonah, another good Egyptian name. Then Korihor gives them the reply here. This is what religion is [according to him]: ". . . foolish ordinances and performances which are laid down by ancient priests, to usurp power and authority over them." He has a point there because there are such foolish ordinances and performances laid down by ancient priests to gain power and authority. That's priestcraft. So you see how confused the issue can become and how the arguments can tighten up against each other here. It's the "opiate of the people" here. It keeps "them in ignorance, that they may not lift up their heads, but be brought down according to thy words." They must live by the old morality, be so strict, etc. This is the thing that everybody is laughing about now, our Victorian morals. They make fun of that. That's a lot of old superstition and nonsense. That's the way they talk today.
Verse 24: "Ye say that this people is a free people. Behold, I say they are in bondage." This is a crucial point. When are we free? This is what the Zoramites and the people of Zarahemla think. They think they are free. He goes on to explain that freedom must include complete freedom from any government interference in anything we do, especially with our money. Remember, this was a sacral civilization. They lived by the law of Moses, and the judges were also priests. They had judges and they judged by the law of Moses, we are told. So that means we have a sacral or priestly society here. We have two priestcrafts colliding, you might say.
Verse 26: "Ye do not know that there shall be a Christ." You say this is a fallen people. That's one way to lose an election. You'll never make yourself popular asking for repentance. "And thus ye lead away this people after the foolish traditions of your fathers, and according to your own desires; and ye keep them down, even as it were in bondage, that ye may glut yourselves with the labors of their hands, that they durst not look up with boldness [on what was their own], and that they durst not enjoy their rights and privileges." This is total privitization is what he is out for. "Yea, they durst not make use of that which is their own lest they should offend their priests, who do yoke them according to their desires, and have brought them to believe, by their traditions and their dreams and their whims and their visions [he starts really pouring it on here] and their pretended mysteries, that they should, if they did not do according to their words, offend some unknown being, who they say is God—a being who never has been seen or known, who never was nor ever will be."
So that's the situation, and you use that to fleece the people and get everything they have. Well, what do they do with him? That was quite a speech he gave. He was a hot potato still. They couldn't do anything against him; we will soon see why. So they "sent him to the land of Zarahemla, that he might be brought before Alma, and the chief judge who was governor over all the land." Notice, judge and governor. It was a religious state. Under the law of Moses the judge is the governor and the high priest of the land, all at once. He went on in the same manner, raving when he got before Alma. Verse 31: "And he did rise up in great swelling words before Alma, and did revile against the priests and teachers, accusing them of leading away the people after the silly traditions of their fathers, for the sake of glutting [themselves] on the labors of the people."
Alma said, I have labored with my own hands for my own support all my life. You know that. As a judge I got paid by my time, a flat rate, one senine for my labor for the day in the judgment seat. That's the only pay I ever got for any work in the state or in the church. "Then why sayest thou that we preach unto this people to get gain, when thou, of thyself, knowest that we receive no gain? [Why do you go around deceiving the people this way?] And now, believest thou that we deceive this people, that causes such joy in their hearts? And Korihor answered him, Yea. And then Alma said unto him: Believest thou that there is a God?" And he said, no I don't believe that. And in verse 40 Alma said, "And now what evidence have ye that there is no God, or that Christ cometh not?" See, you can never prove a negative. You can't prove to me absolutely now as we are standing and sitting here that there is not a kangaroo behind that desk. There could very well be. I don't know, but there could be. You can't prove that there isn't, as you go down there. You can't prove a negative, in other words, but you can prove a positive. On the other hand we "have all things as a testimony that these things are true; and ye also have all things as a testimony unto you that they are true; and will ye deny them? . . . Behold, I know that thou believest, but thou art possessed with a lying spirit, and ye have put off the Spirit of God that it may have no place in you."
Why are people so obsessed with rage, for example, against Joseph Smith, as if he had personally insulted them and ruined their lives? They have never seen him, but they really take on. Korihor says, then "show me a sign." That's the usual thing. After all, he is positivist. Verse 44: "But Alma said unto him: Thou hast had signs enough; will ye tempt your God? Will ye say, Show unto me a sign, when ye have the testimony of all these thy brethren, and also all the holy prophets? The scriptures are laid before thee, yea, and all things denote there is a God; yea, even the earth, and all things that are upon the face of it." Did they make themselves, in other words? Did they just come about accidentally? Well, Korihor would say they did. And that is what Darwin introduced here in this annus mirabilis. ". . . and also all the planets which move in their regular form do witness that there is a Supreme Creator." These are the old classic arguments for deity which Aristotle used. "And he said: Yes, I will deny, except ye shall show me a sign." These are signs actually, but he said, "Show me a sign." What kind of a sign would it be if these aren't signs?
So he said, if you want a sign God will smite you dumb. Then he started getting worried in verse 48: "Now Korihor said unto him: I do not deny the existence of a God [he just had], but I do not believe that there is a God, . . . and except ye show me a sign, I will not believe."
Alma said, okay I will give you a sign "that thou shalt be struck dumb, according to my words; and I say, that in the name of God, ye shall be struck dumb." And Korihor was struck dumb. Was it a stroke? Was he so wrought up? Would that be the effect of this sort of thing if he had actually been putting it on? He got himself in so deep that he had to put on this big show. We find out he really was scared here, and this was all it took to push him over. He was struck dumb, and deaf also because Alma had to write for him. "And now when the chief judge saw this, he put forth his hand and wrote unto Korihor." [The chief judge] wrote to Korihor, so he was deaf and dumb. In reply Korihor wrote, in verse 52, "Yea, and I always knew that there was a God." Here we have an interesting paradox. What happened? He said, "The devil hath deceived me; for he appeared unto me in the form of an angel." Well, an angel comes and tells you there is no God, and that's why you don't believe in God? What would make you believe in God more than to have an angel come to you? Well, that's a nice paradox, but it works that way. As Brigham Young said, "Pray that you'll never see an angel." All those that saw angels apostatized—like Oliver Cowdery, the Whitmers, and others. They didn't deny the angels, but it made them very negative. How would they possibly turn against and deny the work? They did. Frederick G. Williams, W. W. Phelps, and others trotted off to the courthouse at Richmond and swore out these horrible accusations against Joseph Smith. Shortly afterward, they denied them. Joseph held nothing against them and took them back again. See the effect that has. They were momentarily seized by something, the men that should have had the firmest faith. They went and swore out depositions of the most terrible things against Joseph Smith. Then within a matter of weeks or months they came back, asked for his pardon, and wanted to be admitted into the Church again. That's a strange state of things, isn't it? No, it's not strange. It shows that something unusual is going on here.
Korihor said, he said to me in the form of an angel "there is no God; yea, and he taught me that which I should say. And I have taught his words; and I taught them because they were pleasing unto the carnal mind." And it tells us here why they were pleasing to the carnal mind. The carnal mind is that which caused men and women to lift up their heads and to commit whoredoms, "telling them that when a man was dead, that was the end thereof." That's what they wanted. They wanted a carte blanche for carnal behavior to do whatever they wanted. It appealed to the carnal mind. Carnal also means things of the world, as indicated in Alma 30:17, "but every man fared in this life according to the management of the creature [that's carnal], . . . prospered according to his genius, . . . conquered according to his strength." That's on the carnal level of the warfare in which you deal with objects and people, having no spirit at all. So he had been fooled into that, and the people liked to hear it for that reason.
Verse 53: "I taught them, even until I had much success." It was easy to believe, an emancipating belief. I began to believe it myself. That's a nice psychological touch. He was going on so strongly. When he started defying Alma, you could see he was backing up all the time until he said, "I do not deny the existence of a God." You know he is weakening at that time. Now is the time for Alma to lower the beam, and he gets deaf and dumb. "I taught them, even until I had much success, insomuch that I verily believed that they were true." Well, the curse was not taken off him, and he was cast out. This leads us over to the next people. He went around begging from door to door for his bread, a pitiful figure, until he finally came among the Zoramites, who were dissenters from the Nephites. They were living by themselves and were a very superior people actually. He was run over and put to death by a mob.
Did we start back at the beginning of this chapter the last time? The first part of the chapter is the most important part; I'd better take it on then. At the beginning of the chapter the war was over, and the dead were not numbered because of the great slaughter. Then there was continual peace at the end of verse 2. "And they were strict in observing the ordinances of God, according to the law of Moses." So that's the way they were living in verse 3. But the Nehors are still the more popular. Then in verse 6 "there came a man into the land of Zarahemla, and he was Anti-Christ . . ." We mentioned Anti-Christ the last time. His name was Korihor. Anti-Christ means putting yourself up and defying Christ. We put all those words on the boards. Anti-Nephi-Lehi means Nephi brought face to face, or joined together with the other descendants of Lehi. He didn't name Lamanites and Lemuelites separately. Lehi covered all the Lamans and Lemuels. Anti-Nephi-Lehi means Nephi and Lehi brought together again, which they were. The Lamanites and Lemuelites became dominant and more numerous than the Nephites; they were more righteous, too. So it is very proper to call this event the bringing together of Nephi and Lehi, the anti. He [Korihor] was Anti-Christ in the same way. He confronted Christ face to face and claimed to be him. He claimed to replace him. He was the false Christ. There are lots of Anti-Christs. The Anti-Christ comes and says that he is Christ. This is what Satan does. Remember in the beginning of Moses, he said, "I am the Only Begotten, worship me," and he ranted upon the ground.
Well, he [Korihor] came to Zarahemla. He preached against the religion and everything Alma stood for, and yet Alma had to let him do it. After all, Alma had been permitted by his father to go out and preach against the church, and the sons of Mosiah, the king, were out preaching against the church. Why were they allowed to do that? It was according to the law of Mosiah it tells us here. "Now there was no law against a man's belief; for it was strictly contrary to the commands of God that there should be a law which should bring men on to unequal grounds." If there was a favored religion, a state religion, then we would have social pressure and things could be more serious, too. Then you could start censorship and all sorts of things. But it was strictly contrary to the law of God that they should make laws controlling other people's religion or judging them at all. They were perfectly free to believe anything they wanted to. That would make them unequal, because the Lord said, "Choose you this day whom ye will serve." You have the right to choose it. "Now if a man desired to serve God, it was his privilege [so you can go to church all you want and have school prayer all you want, as we do here]; but if he did not believe in him there was no law to punish him," or to put him under restraint. What you do in a case like this is to bring social pressure. That leads to other things like censorship and being outcasts, pariahs, etc.
Verse 11: "For there was a law that men should be judged according to their crimes. Nevertheless, there was no law against a man's belief." That wasn't a crime, whatever he believed. If it led him to commit a crime, he was punished for the crime—not for the belief, even though the belief might have led him to it. "Therefore, a man was punished only for the crimes which he had done; therefore all men were on equal grounds." This means socially equal, politically equal, and religiously equal. So he was able to preach. The law could have no hold on this Anti-Christ whose name was Korihor. He said, "Behold, these things which ye call prophecies, . . . they are foolish traditions of your fathers."
Elder Oaks gave a wonderful talk during conference on criticism and criticizing. Just criticize all you want. Write anything you want anywhere; just don't expect the Church officially to endorse it. That would be foolish. We don't have to endorse what you say. That's what these people want to do. They think because they are members of the Church they can have influence. They can argue and be perfectly free. I have criticized as freely as anybody else. Should I tell you about this? Yes. When I first came to Provo I went up and asked Brother J. Reuben Clark, "Should I 'keep my nose clean'? I'm sassy, shoot off my mouth, and become very critical down at BYU. Shouldn't I shut up?"
He said, "That would be the worst thing you could possibly do. We have to have an adversary relationship if we are going to get at the truth in these things." (He was a lawyer, of course.) So you have to have some forum for expression here, and nobody was freer in that than President Oaks when he was here.
Then Korihor goes on to say [the traditions] were the effect of a frenzied mind. We read that already. We have to see why Korihor had to be allowed to do anything he wanted to there. It was only when he came to these upright Zoramites that were so strict and so materialistic that he was mobbed and put to death. They were the intolerant ones, not Alma. Alma couldn't afford to be intolerant. After all, his father had put up with him.
Now these Zoramites were "perverting the ways of the Lord." Notice, they kept them but they perverted them. It wasn't apostasy; it was perversion. That's what happened in the second, third, and fourth centuries. They continued to claim the gospel, but now they started bowing down to dumb idols. We have lots of indication here that there were older traditions in the land, which they adopted. We won't talk about that now, but there was a great culture here already. The evidence for that comes later in the book. But Alma began to sicken because of the iniquity he saw among this people, when he saw what was going on there. Alma is very much affected by these things. If he is sickened by them, the question arises then, why should he judge the iniquity of his people? Why should he be worried about the wickedness of other people? Well, we see a little later why that is so—not only because of its blatant way, but he has a definite reason for being sickened.
Verse 3: "Now the Zoramites had gathered themselves together in a land which they called Antionum [they were people who had left the Nephites] . . . which also bordered upon the wilderness south, which wilderness was full of the Lamanites." The Lamanites were to the south, Antionum was in the middle, and the Nephites were on the north. [Brother Nibley shows their locations on the board.] He didn't want the Zoramites to get together with the Lamanites and make a squeeze-play on [the Ammonites]. This was Jershon; this was their buffer state in between. The Zoramites were on top. The Lamanites were on the bottom, and the Ammonites, the people of Jershon, were in between. ( I should get things straight once in a while. They would throw me right out if I had to make an intelligence report today, wouldn't they? I get all mixed up. If you say the south is on the north, it is going to ruin a lot of action. You get your artillery going in the wrong places and wipe your own people out. That has happened.) The Zoramites gathered themselves together in the land Antionum. The land south was the land of Jershon. The Ammonites in Jershon were on the south, and south of them [notice] "upon the wilderness south, which wilderness was full of the Lamanites. Now the Nephites greatly feared that the Zoramites would enter into a correspondence with the Lamanites." See, if they got together with the Lamanites, then they could put the squeeze on the people of Ammon in between. That's what they were afraid of; tactically it was a very dangerous situation.
What do we do? What do we do to weaken them? Well, Alma thought, we have to strengthen our position among the Zoramites so that they won't link up with the Lamanites there. The preaching of the word was the way to do it, so he took his mission there. He had found that "had more powerful effect upon the minds of the people than the sword," and that they should first give it a try—"try the virtue of the word of God" and see if that would work. So he got together his famous SWAT team of all the powerful missionaries: Ammon, Aaron, Omner, and Himni. Even Zeezrom now. Remember old Zeezrom, who had been converted and healed of a fever. He had been just as arrogant as Korihor, but he joined the brethren. Alma took Amulek and Zeezrom and also two of his sons. So that's quite a crowd. They had a missionary task force here that was going to go in and work on the Zoramites, but they didn't get to first base. Immediately they find among the Zoramites, very strongly marked, this ideological conflict. There are the poor Zoramites that live out by themselves, and there are the rich Zoramites. They have very little to do with each other, he is going to tell us here.
The eldest of Alma's sons was Helaman. That's a very interesting thing since they have changed the Egyptian r's to l's in so many cases in the last few years. Helaman is simply the well—known Egyptian word H∞r °Imn, the "countenance of Amon." Another son was called Shiblon, a very good Arab name. It means "a young lion," just like the Hebrew Ari. It's very common in Israel. Corianton is a borrowed name, a Jaredite name. We will see how it got there later on.
Verse 8: "Now the Zoramites were dissenters from the Nephites [they had been Nephites]; therefore they had had the word of God preached unto them." They had perverted it. They would not keep the law of Moses; they didn't like that part of it. And they wouldn't pray "that they might not enter into temptation." That's the best way to resist temptation, the social norms, etc. So they had their own religion and built synagogues. Remember, the Nephites had synagogues, too, and they built their own synagogues now. They were following the old pattern. The Jews had their synagogues, too. They were a very religious people, a church-building people. This was important with the Zoramites. They had built synagogues and gathered themselves together on one day of the week, which they did call the day of the Lord. They were doing it themselves. Following the old Nehor pattern, aren't they? They had a place for standing, high enough for one person to stand on.
There are some very interesting temples in South America. There's a temple, on the outskirts of Mexico City on the south side, with a stairway going up and just the stand for one man at the top. There are lots of pictures from the conquistadors, etc. The usual thing for the temple was to go up on four sides. You still do in the kiva; the Hopis have the kiva. It's the stairways of the temples that dominate, as you know, in Central American architecture. At the top there is a stand, which is sometimes a very small place. We don't know what it was, but it was called a Rameumptom, he tells us. This is very interesting, because the word ram in all Semitic languages means high, whether it's Hebrew, Aramaic, Arabic, Babylonian, or anything else. So it's a high place. But Kb means curved or curling, like a serpent, winding 'round and 'round. So it could have been a winding stairway that went up to the top of the tower, winding up and winding down. But one person at a time would go up. The name is interesting; it suggests winding. You would think that they would be straight, following the usual pattern. But remember, this was long before the classical period. All of this is just a guess thrown out freely, but at least it's not a bad guess. If he (Joseph Smith) was making this up, he is awfully good at making things up. You have to give him credit for that.
This is the way they would go. They would go on the top and stretch forth their hands to heaven. That's the halle–l gesture, which you find anciently everywhere. It gave us the Hebrew letter h. It's the little hallelujah mannequin here [Brother Nibley draws it on the board]. You see it on jars, vases, rocks, glyphs, etc. They would do that. It's the usual gesture, the halle–l or hallelujah. Halle–l means "to greet the new moon" and various things like that. They would recite this prayer.
Question: About the Egyptian Amon, is that a pagan god?
Answer: He's not pagan at all. In several of our hymns we use the word Amon for the name of God.
What, tho, if the favor of Ahman possessing,
This world's bitter hate you are called to endure?
"The Time is Far Spent," page 266 in the hymn book
We can't take time to reconstruct it [the song]; we must rush. Anyway, we use the word Amon, too, and it's used in the Doctrine and Covenants for the name of God. Of course, the Egyptian word Amon means lots and lots of things. The main thing it means is "the unknown one," the one the Egyptians don't know. They call him "the hidden one, the concealed one, the one whose name nobody knows." Of course, that's exactly what the Hebrews said about him. Only the high priest in Israel knew the name of God. He only whispered it once a year when he went behind the veil. Nobody else knew that name. The name of Amon is written in Egyptian with a man concealing himself behind a blind. That is always read as °Imn, "the one who is not seen, the one who is invisible, the one we don't know and who is above."
So they go through this sort of thing and say, "Holy, holy God; we believe that thou art God, and we believe that thou art holy, and that thou wast a spirit, and that thou art a spirit, and that thou wilt be a spirit forever. Holy God, we believe that thou hast separated us [now this self-righteousness] from our brethren, . . . but we believe that thou hast elected us to be thy holy children." This doctrine of election can be very flattering. There are people who have kept it. "But thou art the same yesterday, today, and forever; and thou hast elected us that we shall be saved, whilst all around us are elected to be cast by thy wrath down to hell, . . . and we also thank thee that thou hast elected us, that we may not be led away after the foolish traditions of our brethren."
At the core of Hermetic religions you find this secret, limited, aristocratic society. It reminds me of the Pythagoreans, who were among the more righteous people. They took this exclusive position. They alienated people, made enemies, and got themselves destroyed because they formed themselves into these societies and communities. They would go into rites like this. The Pythagoreans are not a particularly good example except for this one thing, their exclusiveness and their superiority. That's what got them killed, because everybody said they were so snooty. They wouldn't share their secrets or anything like that. They were diligent students and lived very uprightly. This is also a holdover from the Egyptian tradition, this idea of superiority. Remember, the texts we have are all very secret at the end. They say, "Don't reveal this to anyone. This is secret and just for a particular group." But they [the Zoramites] make this an instrument of pride and vanity. Then they think Christianity is too complicated. It's a very interesting thing. As Lord Raglan showed, the more sophisticated religions become, not the more complicated, but the more simple they become. Islam is very simple, and Christian Science is so simple it's nothing at all. This reads like Christian Science, which Joseph Smith didn't copy from because Mary Baker Eddy didn't live at this time. She came later.
So they said, "We thank God that we are chosen." They were snooty, and the Christian Scientists were snooty, too. There was a time when they had a big push during the twenties and thirties. [It seemed that] everybody was a Christian Scientist, and they were too lofty to speak to anybody else. They talked of all this spiritual stuff, very much like this.
Verse 18: "And again we thank thee, O God, that we are a chosen and a holy people." Now Alma was astonished at what he found. There had been big changes; they had picked up something somewhere. They talked about the Rameumptom and they gave this prayer to God and said "their hearts were not stolen away to believe in things to come, which they knew nothing about." This was their positive position; they didn't believe in the other things. Each man would give his thanks, bear his testimony, and then come down. Then they would never mention it again for the rest of the week. That was the Nehor element, very proper and very correct, but they weren't really religious. They weren't religious around the clock at all; they would just take care of it. Now this was silly, but was it wicked? It was extreme wickedness that worried Alma. We'll see what the wickedness consisted in. The next week they "assembled themselves together again to the holy stand, to offer up thanks after their manner. Now when Alma saw this his heart was grieved; for he saw that they were a wicked and a perverse people" (Alma 31:24).
This is where the wickedness and perversity come in. If you want to be silly, that's one thing. If they were charitable and good people and did this silly thing, that's no sillier than lots of people do today. But this is it. "He saw that their hearts were set upon gold, and upon silver, and upon all manner of fine goods. Yea, and he also saw that their hearts were lifted up unto great boasting, in their pride [remember President Benson's talk at conference]. . . . O Lord, wilt thou suffer that thy servants shall dwell here below in the flesh, to behold such gross wickedness among the children of men?" Behold, O God, they cry unto thee, and yet their hearts are swallowed up in their pride." It's the and yet that makes it wicked. There's nothing wrong with crying unto God and praying to him in sincerity. "Behold, O God, they cry unto thee with their mouths, while they are puffed up, even to greatness, with the vain things of the world."
That's what they were doing. These are the sort of corporate apologetics we hear so much of today: Things are what we say they are. We are doing a good job. We are leaning over backwards. Our response was prompt and thorough to the oil disaster. Well, it wasn't prompt and thorough at all, but the president of the company just said it was. The idea that by saying something it happens is becoming very strong now, thanks to the influence of Madison Avenue, TV, etc. You just talk to people and they will go for it. He said, they cry unto thee with their mouths, while their hearts are puffed up. Well, of course, the Lord told Joseph Smith that in the First Vision. "They draw near to me with their lips, but their hearts are far from me."
Verse 28: "Behold, O my God, their costly apparel, and their ringlets, and their bracelets [we think again of the vase paintings and murals that show this lavish overadornment of these people, at a much later period though] and their ornaments of gold, and all their precious things which they are ornamented with; and behold, their hearts are set upon them, and yet they cry unto thee [there's the hypocrisy; that's what made it a sin; there's nothing wrong with crying to God, but it's where your heart really is]. We thank thee, O God, for we are a chosen people unto thee, while others shall perish. Yea, and they say that thou hast made it known unto them that there shall be no Christ. O Lord God, how long wilt thou suffer that such wickedness and infidelity shall be among this people?"
Isn't he being rather judgmental here? No, he is not at all. Why is he so concerned? Well, in the first place they were so blatantly, so overtly [wicked], and Alma had wider experience than anybody else. He knew about people and characters, etc. He had seen more wickedness than anybody else, he being Alma the Younger. So he was able to judge them on that basis, and also because they were blatant. They put on quite a show. But the main thing is in verse 35. He loves them, and his heart is concerned about them. "Behold, O Lord, their souls are precious, and many of them are our brethren." So that's why he feels right to be saying that he is suffering terribly. He's not a hypocrite who is overwhelmed by other people's wickedness when it should be his own sins that concern him. It's that he's on a mission here, and he wants to do what he can. "O Lord God, how long wilt thou suffer that such wickedness and infidelity shall be among this people? O Lord, wilt thou give me strength, that I may bear with mine infirmities." Notice, good old Alma again. He must bear with his infirmities. Remember, Nephi says in his prayer right at the beginning, why am I angry at my enemies instead of at myself? He rebukes himself for that, and Alma does the same thing here. "Give me strength, that I may bear with mine infirmities" and face them. But meantime, the reason he is interested [is to have] success with them. Here's a refreshing definition of success, written without dollar signs. Verse 33: "Wilt thou grant unto them [his companions] that they may have strength, that they may bear their afflictions. . . . Behold, O Lord, their souls are precious." So he wants to save them. His concern is not mean, but generous for them. He doesn't want to damn them.
In verse 36 it says "that he clapped his hands upon all them who were with him." That's an interesting word there, isn't it? To clap means to put your hands firmly on something. The Old English word is clippyon and it [is related] to grab, grope, and gripe, [German] kleben. They mean to grab firmly, and the Latin carpo is the same thing. You know the Greek Harpies. They were the damsels with the lunch hooks that came and grabbed your lunch before you could eat it; therefore, they were called Harpies. But this harpo, carpo is a good old English usage. In fact, the Egyptian word for "to embrace" is hƒpt. That means to gain control, to grab a thing, to hold it firmly, etc. So it's proper. The old Anglo-Saxon use "to clap" his hands on his head doesn't mean he applauded this way. He put his hands firmly on their heads when he set them apart is what happened. And taking no thought for themselves, they were filled with the Holy Spirit.
The next chapter is an extremely important one, because this is such an accurate picture of Mesoamerican society, according to a recent collection of studies. It's about people building the sacred centers for the ruling class and the like. That can go quickly though. We should finish Alma, shouldn't we?


text:
The image of nursing: A culture of respect
In the first of our series of blogs on the image of nursing, Sandy and Harry Summers look at the portrayal of nurses in the media and the effects of these negative stereotypes.
About the author
This article was written by Sandy and Harry Summers Authors of Saving Lives: Why the Media's Portrayal of Nurses Puts Us All at Risk.
In recent months, nurses from Paris to Philadelphia have protested strongly about poor working conditions and insufficient respect. But there have also been troubling reports of nursing errors and patient neglect, including in the UK.
In response to these problems, some have pointed to the culture of nursing. These critics claim that nurses today have become "too posh to wash", that they have forgotten their proper roles as devoted angels, physicians* helpers, and bedpan engineers. Instead, these brazen nurses seek more university degrees, respect for their technical skills, and an expanded scope of practice.
'The care of graduate-prepared advanced practice nurses is at least as effective as the care of physicians'
Compassion and diligence are essential in nursing. But nurses also save lives by monitoring patient conditions, intervening with cutting-edge technology, advocating for patients and teaching them to manage their health. With more training, nurses can do even more. Research shows that the care of graduate-prepared advanced practice nurses is at least as effective as the care of physicians.
In many places under-staffing, resource shortages and abuse undermine nursing practice. The global nursing shortage is a public health crisis. Burned-out nurses have fled the bedside and many wealthy nations have rushed to recruit foreign nurses, crippling already weakened health systems overseas.
Too many nurses today are asked to do a harder job with fewer resources. And research shows that poor nurse staffing is taking lives. A study published earlier this year by nursing scholar Linda Aiken and her colleagues showed that the lives of hundreds of surgical patients might have been saved if hospitals in the US states of Pennsylvania and New Jersey had the minimum nurse-to-patient staffing ratios that have been required in California since 2004.
Many of the immediate causes of the nursing crisis have their roots in undervaluation of the profession, which is driven by stereotypes. As the reactions to recent problems show, many people still have no idea that nurses are autonomous professionals with advanced skills. Instead, much of the public continues to believe that the profession is defined by one-dimensional feminine extremes, from the handmaiden to the angel to the harlot.
Some of these images have been present in one way or another since Florence Nightingale and other reformers founded the modern nursing profession in the 19th Century. But today, the mass media plays a key role in forming and reinforcing these popular attitudes. Indeed, research confirms that even television dramas affect the public's views and decisions about healthcare.
In a 2008 study, nursing scholars at Dundee University found that television images of nurses as "brainless, sex mad bimbos" were discouraging academically advanced primary school students from pursuing the profession. Similarly, a 2000 study of US school children by JWT Communications found that students got their main impression of nursing from the television drama ER. Those survey respondents considered nursing a technical job for girls, rather than a profession worthy of private school students.
Sometimes the public gets a good look at what nurses really do. For example, a BBC report earlier this year described a "composer in residence" programme at the Florence Nightingale School of Nursing and Midwifery at King's College that aimed to use music to improve patient outcomes. The Royal College of Nursing engages in spirited public health advocacy. And the new television show Nurse Jackie features a nurse who, despite some ethical issues, is an authoritative clinical virtuoso.
But far more often, what the public sees in the media confirms harmful stereotypes about nursing. The television dramas House and Grey's Anatomy will soon begin airing their seventh seasons in the US. Together, these globally popular shows have about 20 major physician characters, but not a single nurse.
The physician characters on such shows do many exciting things that nurses do in real life, from defibrillation to patient teaching to psychosocial care. The few nurses who appear are meek subordinates who rarely speak. Sometimes the smart, attractive physicians mock nurses. Doctor Greg House, the godlike diagnostician, once joked that he had "invented" nurses to clean up the mess. And Meredith Grey reacted this way to an insult by a male colleague: "Did you just call me a nurse?!"
The news media often ignores nurses' real contributions to modern healthcare. Usually, elite press entities consult only physicians as health experts, even about topics that nurses know at least as well, such as preventative health, end of life care and hospital errors.
And modern advertising still relies heavily on regressive imagery, presenting nurses as deferential helpers or sex objects. Earlier this year, a West Midlands bus company used a large naughty nurse ad, with the tag line "Ooooh matron!", to promote its route to the hospital.
In this series of articles, we will explore some of the most important issues related to the media image of nursing. First, we'll examine some of the evidence showing that media portrayals of nursing - even fictional or "joking" ones -really do affect what decision-makers and the public think of the profession, and therefore affect the respect and resources the profession receives.
Then we'll discuss the major stereotypes that continue to plague the profession in the global media: the unskilled nurse; the physician's handmaiden; the naughty nurse; the nurse as a female trapped in a job that modern women have left behind; the angel; the battle-axe; and the advanced practice nurse as an inferior physician substitute.
Finally, we'll discuss how everyone, from government and private sector leaders to those who create influential media, can improve the public image of nursing. As we will see, nurses themselves must take the lead in raising awareness of what they do for patients. We'll explore ideas for nurses that include reconsidering how they interact with those around them, working with media creators to improve portrayals and encouraging nurses to create their own media.
Of course, specific instances of poor care should be addressed promptly. But in the long term, only an understanding of the true value of nursing will ensure that qualified, caring nurses are there to save us when we need them.
*Authors' Note
We use the term "physician" because using the more common "doctor" to refer only to those who practice medicine wrongly implies that they deserve more respect than others.
Nurses and others earn doctoral degrees and make contributions to health and society that are just as valuable as contributions made by physicians. So the honorific should be available to everyone with that degree or to no one.
We also note that "physician" has been used in this way in texts ranging from Shakespeare to recent issues of the British Medical Journal.
Readers' comments (21)
Nursing has lost respect because nurses are no longer proud of who they are and what they stand for, And it is not all their own fault. Society has changed beyond belief and behaviour of same has changed. we used to be proud to say we are nurses. We used to have the support of the management,in as much as we were taught how to behave as nurses. I have seen nurses walking in the street in uniform smoking ,not a beautiful site. We need to get back to the idea that nurses and Doctors are processionals,at present we have lost the plot.
excellent article and sadly a true reflection of the public image of the profession. there are very many people, including other healthcare workers and the medical profession who have really no idea of the enormously diverse roles, skills, competencies and bodies of professional knowledge of nurses. unless they have recently been on the receiving end of nursing care, nor are they at all interested. other individuals are more able to talk about their jobs and fascinate people at social gatherings and doctors are also held in awe and high esteem but not nurses. usually admitting you a a nurse is a guaranteed conversation stopper. it is also true that as a profession we do not contribute much to presenting a public image which impresses like individuals in other high profile and often perceived as glamerous professions such as those in the commercial world.
Just before I qualified I remember vividly a lecture we had which pointed out what was expected of us as nurses, this lecture, which was delivered by a male, never was talked about the importance of empathy, good communication skills, compassion, the desire to care but was all about the technical side of nursing, virtually making us believe we were now mini doctors, a colleague of mine, when the lecture finished, said to him all I want to do is nurse and care for people, he looked at her with disgust and told her that nursing was no longer about that and that she had better accept that fact. I wonder how many students start their nursing course and then drop out because the reality is so far from what they had expected, we do far more than our job description states, are paid a pittance, work in horrendous conditions and all we ask is for same amount of respect that every other healthcare professional seems to enjoy.
I'm totally in agreement with Anonymous | 29-Aug-2010 2:43pm, finally an excellent article which indeed reflects the true reflection of the public image of the profession. It was a pleasure to read and encouraged me in my professional life, where I daily face these kinds of attitude. The more articles like this the better and why has this thought provoking article not been published in the popular press!
Looking forward to reading the rest in the series.
Nursing has changed over the last 20 years or so.Registered nurses have to be all things to all men in that we have not only have to take on some of the jobs that junior doctors used to do we are also swamped by paperwork.A registered nurse has to deal with all aspects of patient care whereas other healthcare professionals only deal with one aspect i.e physio,ot,dietician ect.Trusts are trying to do nursing on the cheap by employing so many agency staff and no new permanent staff to replace staff who have left or retired.We are expected to work with such low numbers of staff it's no wonder patients complain and despite our protests to management which fall on deaf ears.
Grays Anatomy does have one nurse character. She gives one of the doctors syphillis.
Sam, there's also the token black male nurse, let's not forget him!
True. Thought the redhead did appear more often. And I think Doctor Webbers assistant used to be a nurse before she became his secretary...that transition has always kinda puzzled me.
And yet there are still so many people on here who argue that these so called 'role models' on TV do no harm to the Nursing profession? (look at the other forums on this topic). Hmmmm!!!! The blindness of some people really does surprise me sometimes.
'Burnt out nursing fleeing the bedside' I think is just a tad rude. The problem is that it actually means a stress related illness often becomining PTSD. A clinical illness. Affecting not just retirees but younger nursing personnel too.
My problem is with the endemic bullying and harrassment in nursing and the NHS generally, the above symptoms are related to that in many cases.
While I think nursing has become technically more responsible the central message surely remains the same.
We provide a massive service to the public and I think on the whole that is acknowledged by a sensible public if not always by the media.
Other professionals don't seen to worry about there status all the time and seem
comfortable in their skin. May be we should be using our therapeutic skills to educate the media, the public and ourselves on how we go about our work.
Don't think Nurse Jackie is good role model either. Couldn't get passed the first F...
word to watch it.
To be fair Susan, a lot of othe professions - the rest of the public services for example - are on the whole respected not only by their peers but by the public, they are paid comparatively well compared to Nursing (although not well enough), and they do not have the problems with image that Nursing does. Everyone knows what a Firefighter does; they know what a Policeman or a Soldier does. Many people don't have a damn clue what Nurses do.
As a student nurse I have to disagree with Sandra. Me and my friend are so proud to say we are student nurses and take every opportunity (asked or not) to tell people what we are training to do.
The media dont give nurses the best image but us being known as 'sexy naughty nurses' well I say, so what!The uniform is less than flattering, I think people thinking the job is sexy is rather amusing!
Anonymous | 5-Sep-2010 3:34 pm, I do disagree with Sandra but I see her point, and I think you are missing the point slightly yourself.
Yes we have all had that proud feeling of doing the job, we were all students once. Can I ask you though when you tell all and sundry that you are being a Nurse do you get any of these responses:
Why are you JUST a nurse? Did you not want to be a doctor?
So you just want to wipe arses for a living, why?
Oh that's not a job I'd do!
You have a degree/A levels (insert any previous quals here), why are you going for Nursing, you don't need any qualifications for that?
Ooh a Nurse, do you have a uniform? (usually women)
Oh a Nurse, are you a bit 'you know'? (for the men).
Etc etc etc etc.
I agree that the image of the 'sexy Nurse' doesn't bother me much, (even though it doesn't directly apply to me as a guy, I do kind of resent the gay assumption though). But when the ONLY image of Nursing comes from this stereotype or one or two other equally negative stereotypes, then that causes a huge problem for our profession. I'll use Firemen as an example, they too have the 'sexy fireman' stereotype, but they also have a very strong, positive public image that overides that and ensures society do not judge them on that alone. Nurses do not have that.
And that is the problem. We do not have a strong, positive image. We cannot be taken seriously as professionals, we are not paid the salary we are worth, etc etc etc, and part of that is due to our public image. More importantly however, patients do not know exactly what we can do for them they do not know the level of education that informs our practice or what services are available for them. They assume that we are still simple Doctors handmaidens so do not come to us for help or dismiss our advice. It is all part of the same problem.
Mike, while I can see your point of view that the public as a whole may not understand the role of nurses and the fact that we are professionals in our own right, if you asked the majority of patients who we look after on a daily basis, many of them will tell you that they fully understand the professionalism of nurses and given a choice would far rather speak to/be cared for by a nurse than a doctor (no offence meant to any doctors as I feel that the majority of doctors, junior at least, have equal amount of pressure and poor working environments).
Many of my patients have upmost respect for nurses as they see the daily pressures put on nursing staff and the amount of work that we have to do and despite the fact that their care is suffering due to the lack of nursing staff available to assist them, they do not complain or undervalue the attempts made by the nursing staff who are available, to provide the best possible care that we can! This is the only reason I have stayed in Nursing as long as I have as the value and appreciation given to me by my patients goes some way to making up for the undervalue and lack of appreciation from management and our own government!
Flora Trigg, I see what you are saying and I agree to a small extent, but I don't think it is wholly true.
If anyone is still reading these threads, just look at the current vitriole aimed against Nurses in the pages of the popular press and by patients rights groups, (there are echoes of this debate in the threads about the comments made about tabard wearing) there is extremely little or zero understanding of our roles, and certainly zero respect by the majority it would seem.
No, public perception of our role is vital to our profession, and for too long we have allowed it to disintegrate to the point where now the powers that be (the government and the trusts) as well as the general public, have very little respect, understanding or gratitude for the job we do and it is about time that we stood up as a profession and argued our case. We should strike for the many reasons outlined in other threads, and at the same time make it clear to all and sundry that we are highly educated and qualified, highly skilled professionals, and our absence in striking might just instil some respect and gratitude for what we do when the general public have to do without us.
this excellent article or a new updated one should go to the national press for everybody to read so that the public gain a little insight and understanding of what nurses really do.
I should add to my comment above, in the light of so many damning articles in the press this last week triggered by the public's reaction to the wearing of tabards to enhance drug round safety, the public may only read and interpret what they wish to and some may sadly pass over this one giving preference to those on what seems to be the current trend and pastime of nurse bashing!
People will only see what they want to see.
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Favourite ... of the year 2012
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Darth Avlectus
@Darth Avlectus
If Sunday you're free...
Join Date
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Of 2012...
NDS game: Castlevania Order Of Ecclesia
Console game:.......didn't play much
PC game: also didn't play much
Flash Game: Ninja Saga
Walk-in electronics store: tied between Radio Shack and Fry's
Music band and album:
TV channel: tie between history and discovery, though I did watch animal planet quite a bit.
Personal trip: Hmm. Well, two of them.
1) Spur of the moment, pal needed to move from San Diego back up to where I'm at so I helped him.
2) Took a trip up to the umpqua river just outside Roseburg Oregon for family reunion.
By the way, does anyone here live in Oregon? I'm halfway contemplating moving up there. Seems like a good enough place. CA has been good, but it's becoming evident that this place is going downhill hard. I'm open to suggestions of other places too.
Family news: My cousin got remarried (to the same woman), they worked out their differences and have had a newly born child together. He already has an 8-yo daughter.
We'll murder them all, amid laughter and merriment...except for the few we take home to experiment!
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Holiday Classic A Christmas Carol at Players Theatre
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The last date listed for A Christmas Carol was Tuesday December 30, 2014 / 3:00pm.
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The Other Mozart: The Forgotten Story of Mozart's Genius Sister
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Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart wasn't the only genius in the family. His sister, Nannerl, was also a… More
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This show was enjoyable. They did a good job with the staging and the singers all had great voices. They condensed the show into about an hour so it's good for children over 4. I say that because there were a couple of kids of about 2 years of age who were antsy and talking throughout the play. It's too young to bring a child to a production!
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The show was excellent. Fun for all ages. The actor who played Ebenezer Scrooge was wonderful! I truly enjoyed the show. Well worth the price and more! Also, the location of the theatre was perfect, a parking lot and plenty of shops and...continued
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Lets start out with, This a childrens show... I brought my hubby and Mom. I am 40. I probably looked out of place or like I forgot my kids. The show was 1 hour and felt like community theatre. The kids were actually were pretty good in the...continued
star this review starred report as inappropriate
Obviously not a broadway production but was hard to hear sometimes due to so many children at show talking.
Quotes & Highlights
"… completely captures Dickens' vision …" —The New York Times
"a generous holiday gift" —nytheatre.com
View photos from the 2012 production.


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Top 100 Travel Photography BlogsApr 13th, 2010
One incredible benefit of the Internet is the ability for travelers to share their experience with others via their blogs. This list compiles 100 of the best travel photography blogs, all of which do just that. Whether you are an art student who appreciates photography from places around the world or are an armchair travel buff, these travel photography blogs are sure to fulfill your desire for awe-inspiring photography.
People and Their Culture
Take a look at people and their cultures from all around the world with these blogs.
- Peter Tsai Photography Blog. Tsai's photos include both portraits from his business and plenty of great travel shots.
- Escape from New York. This journalist shoots people and street scenes from around the world.
- The Digital Trekker. Matt Brandon's work focuses on the people on the edges of society that are often overlooked.
- Verve Photo. This blog features work from many young documentary photographers. Each post includes a photo, a short description of the photo, and a bit about the photographer.
- peregrine by nature. The unusual framing of these shots tells a story in a way that only photography can capture.
- Portrait of Another World. Portraits speak of the people around the world–as this relatively new blog demonstrates.
- The Photographic Memory. Louis Hebert captures images of people around the world in his blog.
- Pret a Voyager. Anne lives in Paris and documents her travels here. An outstanding part of this blog, though, is the Boarding Pass feature where she highlights other travelers and includes photos of their adventures.
- Uncornered Market. Audrey Scott and Daniel Noll write and share photos of their travels around the world and the people they meet along the way.
These photo blogs capture the landscape of places around the world to bring far-away spots straight to you.
- Ilya Genkin. With an emphasis on Australia and Asia, this blog features beautiful landscape photos.
- Anindya Chowdhury Photography. Landscape and wildlife are predominately featured here.
- Flemming Bo Jensen Photography Blog. These landscapes document the travels of this photographer who calls the road "home."
- The Daily Exposure. Based in Edinburgh, most of these photos capture the landscape of Scotland, with a few urban photos and portraits thrown in as well.
- The G8. These landscape photos usually come with a caption describing where they were shot, but a few leave the viewer to figure it out.
- Beau Mitchell Photography. Based in Australia, this landscape photographer shares his work collected through his travels in the south Pacific.
- Christian Fletcher Photo Images. This Australian-based photographer does lots of landscape and shares tons of information about the mechanics of his work here.
- Michael Anderson's Travel Photography Blog. Anderson's landscapes from around the world will delight readers of this blog.
An inescapable part of travel is exploring food different from what you are accustomed to eating. These blogs focus on the culinary experiences associated with travel.
- Rambling Spoon. Karen Coates writes about food with an Asian accent and includes her husband's stunning photographs.
- Primitive Culture. These photos document the cultures found around the world–primarily through their food.
- Eating Asia. Robyn Eckhardt and David Hagerman write and photograph the food and people who make the food experienced in their travels around Asia.
- The Traveler's Lunchbox. The posts here include descriptions of the food, a picture or two, and how that food fits into the culture where it is eaten.
- CW's Food & Travel. While food certainly features highly here, there are also plenty of photographs of the people associated with these places Borneoboy travels.
- My Kugelhopf. Kerrin Rousset loves food and travel, as can be seen in the photos that bring readers with her to spots such as Belize, London, and Paris.
- Parla Food. Based in Italy, Katie Parla posts photos of the delicious food she tracks down in the area.
- Lannae's Food and Travel. Focusing primarily on travel in the US, Lannae documents the food experiences she has with photos.
- Thai Food and Travel Blog. This husband and wife team (she's from Thailand and he's from America) write about and photograph Thai food and the Thai culture.
- Ms. Adventures in Italy. Food, people, and scenery all show up on this blog all about Italian food and culture.
General Travel
Find blogs from both amateurs and professionals alike as you travel around the world through their lenses.
- Photo Traveler. Bob Krist's blog features gorgeous photos of places around the world and the people who live there.
- Travel and Photography. The photos here include information on the camera and lens used as well as details about how the photographer captured the shot.
- Momentary Awe. Learn how these photos were shot and what equipment was used to make it happen.
- The Travel Photographer. The photos and commentary here are a compilation of photos from all around the web.
- Kim and David Walker's Travel Photography Blog. This husband and wife team share their photos taken all around the world.
- Shoptalk. Nick Onken shares his photos as well as information about his book and much more.
- peripheral vision. From street scenes in South Africa to Roller Derby girls in America, this blog takes readers around the world.
- Everything Everywhere. Gary Arndt posts frequently on this blog, with tons of great photos documenting his world travels.
- Yegor Korzh. This travel photographer based in Australia posts images from there, as well as other places.
- TravelerFolio. See photos from this world traveler that span Europe, Asia, and the US.
- From the Faraway, Nearby. These stunning photographs tell the stories of this photographer's travels around the world.
- Reason to Wander. This couple documents their reasons to travel by numbering their photos that document their trips.
- Joel Carillet. Carillet's photos capture the essence of the people of the 60+ countries he has visited.
- Jasontopia. From Seattle to Bangalore, these photos document the travels of Jason Niedle.
- Travel Photography by Judy & Jim. These two seniors enjoy traveling and cruising around the world and share their gorgeous photos here.
- StoptheRoc. Click through these photographs to see images taken around the world. Hover over each image to get details on the camera and settings used.
- Le Clique. The photos here are provided by several members of this collaborative effort and highlight places from America to Thailand, and everywhere in between.
- Travel Blissful. The words and photos here are all about the beauty of travel.
- Never Ending Voyage. This couple left the UK to travel indefinitely and post about their experiences.
- Paul's Travel Blog. Paul writes about the travel experience and his partner, Derek, supplies the photos that accompany the posts.
- Atmosphere: A Travel Journal. See people and places captured by Tanveer on his blog.
- Luka Esenko's Blog. Leading photography tours is this blogger's profession, and he shares some of the photos he takes himself while traveling.
- Nomadic Vision. Follow along for the adventures and beautiful photographs that show up here.
- Wanderlust and Lipstick Blog. This blog is part of a website that provides information for women traveling solo.
The Americas
North and South America are covered in these blogs.
- PhotoCitizen. Alan Haynes includes a good mix of photography advice and shots he has taken across all 50 states.
- Taylor Davidson. Davidson talks photography while also posting photographs of New Orleans and its culture.
- Paz's New York Minute. This blog captures images of everyday New York.
- Hole in the Donut Travels. After leaving an unfulfilling career, this woman shares her passion of travel and photography as she explores the Americas.
- Transient Travels. The US is usually at the heart of this blogger's travels, but with an upcoming honeymoon in Spain, look for an expanding repertoire.
- My Itchy Travel Feet. From Lake Louise to the Grand Canyon, this couple loves a good road trip. They also enjoy air travel, so expect to read about trips to other locations as well.
- The Tranquilo Traveler. Based in Colorado but traveling frequently south of the border, many of these posts show photos and tell about Nicaragua and Belize.
These blogs feature the look and feel of Europe.
- Budapest Daily Photo. Get a feel for the culture of Budapest with these street scenes.
- Bum Street. Click through these photos that provide street shots of cities in Europe.
- Hakan Dahlstrom Photography. Don't worry if your Swedish isn't what it should be, these photos of Sweden virtually speak for themselves.
- 43 hours & 5 minutes. Check out black and white shots from Europe here.
- The Galavanteers in Appenzell. In search of great cheese and gorgeous photos, this trek across Europe provides both.
- Merisi's Vienna For Beginners. See Vienna through Marisi's lens on this photo blog.
- Living the Life in Saint-Aignan. Photos document this American's life in the south of France.
- Europe a la Carte. Learn about photo tours through Europe, Dutch cheese, and much more here.
From Japan to Thailand to India, explore Asia through these blogs.
- Neil Wade's Photography Blog. Many of the photos on this blog are in Taipei, and Wade also posts a decent amount of advice on photography.
- Gavin Gough. Based in Bangkok, most of Gough's photos are from around Asia, but other places show up too.
- The Spinning Head. The bulk of this blog features this photographer's project in India, but also touches on other areas and politics associated with those regions.
- India!. Whether you read French or not, you will still understand the stories being told of India in these photographs.
- Photographer in Japan. This site is all about the photography and captures images across Japan.
- Across Asia. Click through these photos to feel as if you have been transported to these locations across Asia.
- Paraiso Philippines. Explore the Philippines with the photos and descriptions included in these posts.
From the wildlife and gorgeous scenery to the people living on this diverse continent, these blogs cover some of it all.
- My Marrakesh. These photos and the accompanying stories truly capture the essence of the people and cultures.
- Tales from Kulafumbi. Take a look at the people, landscapes, and wildlife that make Kenya the awe-inspiring place that it is.
- David Lloyd Wildlife & Travel Photography. Most of these photos are from Lloyd's travels in Africa.
- Photo-Africa. Get a daily photo of African wildlife and landscape here.
- Scarlett Lion. This journalist and photographer shares the politics and culture of Liberia and Uganda.
- After Africa. Just returning to Copenhagen after five years in Africa, this blogger shares photos and more of the continent she explored.
- Marius Coetzee Photography. This wildlife photographer leads tours in Africa and posts gorgeous photos here.
These travel photos have been enhanced by HDR or other special effects to really make the images pop.
- Stuck in Customs. Trey Ratcliff posts one HDR photo a day from all around the world on his popular blog.
- Notes From Different Spots. Most of the photos here are taken in the Middle East, include a mix of people and landscapes, and appear to mostly be HDR.
- HDR Okinawa Japan. These stunning HDR photos are taken all around Okinawa.
- Ken Kaminesky Travel Photography Blog. Featuring mostly buildings and landscapes from various locations around the world, these photographs will have you seeing places in a whole new way.
- Momoc HDR Photography. These photos are mostly from Kuala Lumpur and Selangor.
- Arek Rainczuk Photography. Based in Melbourne, the photos here include those from Rainczuk's travels and are also frequently manipulated through a variety of methods, including HDR and Photoshop techniques.
- Jason Heller Photography Blog. HDR and concept photos are often featured in this blog.
- Places 2 Explore. Photoshop, infrared, HDR, and more fun techniques are showcased on this blog that includes locations from Tokyo to the Kennedy Space Center in Florida.
Industry and Advice
Keep up with the latest happenings in the world of travel photography or learn ways to improve your craft when you follow these blogs.
- NSL Photography. Learn ways to make any type of travel photography better with the advice from this professional.
- Landscape, Nature and Travel Photography. Equipment reviews, engaging photos, and tips to taking awesome photos are all found here.
- PixelatedImage. David duChemin keeps readers updated on what is going on in the world of photography, shares his upcoming books, and of course, his photos.
- Making Images. Not only can you see photographs and read about photography, but Larry Haden also shares other great photographers with readers via his blog.
- NGM Blog Central – Digital Photography. This blog from the National Geographic includes some of their stunning photographs from around the world as well as information on the craft of digital photography and updates on equipment.
- Nevada Wier Photography. Wier gives readers insight into how to pack all the equipment for travel, what his favorite equipment is at any given time, and photos from the places he shoots all around the globe.
- Di Mackey's Blog. Read about the life of a professional traveling photographer or enjoy the inspirational poetry and photos posted here.
- Andre Gunther Photography. Gunter posts photos, asks probing questions to help improve your techniques, and discusses other photography-related topics.
- Chase Jarvis. Discussing everything from the hard work and dedication required of a professional to the merits of iPhone photography, this travel photographer blogger covers it all.
- David Sanger Photography. In addition to Sanger's photos, get tips that range from finding motivation to communicating simplicity in travel photos.
- Smogranch. Get tons of insight into the world of photography along with arresting photos.
- Gunther Deichmann. Deichmann shares the details of his work along with a sampling of his photos from around the world.


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Torres Sangre de Toro Garnacha
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In the year 1954 my father, Miguel Torres, was already seeking out the most prized red grapes of the region, Garnacha and Carinena, to create a different wine that would express the authentic character of the land. This led to the birth of "Sangre de Toro", whose name is inspired by Baccus, Roman god of wine, known in ancient times as "Son of the Bull".
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Ceiling collapses at Ala Moana Barnes & Noble
Bookstore closed Friday evening
Published 8:42 AM HST Mar 16, 2013
Officials at the Barnes & Noble bookstore at Ala Moana will determine Saturday if it's safe to open.
There was a partial ceiling collapse Friday night.
A KITV4 News viewer says the collapse happened during business hours. The store was evacuated and closed Friday evening.
A sign on the front door informed customers of the temporary closure.
Copyright 2013 by KITV All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.


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Abu Sayyafs abduct mechanic, kill another-A A +A
Sunday, August 17, 2014
MANILA (Updated) -- Suspected Abu Sayyaf bandits abducted a chief mechanic and killed his assistant, who tried to run away, in a heavily secured provincial government compound in Sulu, officials said Sunday.
About 30 Abu Sayyaf gunmen breached a perimeter wall of the Sulu Provincial Government compound late Saturday and took chief mechanic Ronald Pelegrin at gunpoint from the motorpool under cover of darkness, said Senior Superintendent Abraham Orbita, who heads Sulu's police forces.
The gunmen also tried to seize Pelegrin's deputy, Dante Avilla, but the latter resisted and was shot and killed by the bandits when he tried to run away.
A mobile police force unit stationed in a nearby building failed to stop the attack by the gunmen, who fled through a hole in a fence that they also used to barge into the compound, Orbita said.
Such brazen attacks on government personnel and unarmed villagers in Sulu and outlying island provinces have kept the Abu Sayyaf a major national security concern despite crippling battle setbacks dealt by more than a decade of US-backed Philippine offensives.
Aside from ransom kidnappings, the bandits are also notorious for beheadings and bombings.
More than 300 Abu Sayyaf bandits, split into factions, remain active in Sulu, a predominantly Muslim region 950 kilometers (590 miles) south of Manila, and in outlying islands and provinces.
The bandits still hold several Filipino and foreign captives in their jungle bases, according to the military. (AP)
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The Fantastic Four #2
The Skrulls. A war-like intergalactic empire. Constant cosmic threat to the Marvel Universe. Total ass-clowns.
Arriving in issue two, we find that the Four are famous. Intergalactically famous. Based, apparently, on that one time they beat up that ugly guy in a cave.
Fame and public presence have always been a key part of the Four. In fact, I'd say Marvel in general is more concerned with the public perception of its heroes (we're talking within narrative here) than DC. But the Four, the First Family of Marvel, are always public figures. I guess I thought that would develop a little more organically.
In this issue, shape-shifting Skrulls from outer space impersonate the Four and wreck an oil derrick, steal a diamond and melt a statue so that the world's militaries will hunt down the Four and destroy them, freeing the Skrulls up to invade the earth. Because the only thing currently stopping them is the Fantastic Four. Who can be defeated by the military, which doesn't really present a threat to the Skrulls. Got it?
The Four is chilling in an isolated hunting lodge while all this goes down. Probably to deal with all the fame. Despite the isolation, they still make Ben dress up in his Claude Rains duds. Ben has a couple "This man, this monster" rages, throws a bear head out the window. Then they all get captured by the army. Then they all escape.
Interesting quirk of this particular reproduction: whenever Sue goes invisible, she's rendered in white with some dotted lines. Meaning there's no ink on the page, a true blank. It's more noticeable in the reprint. In a pulp printed comic, the ink soaks a little deeper into the page, rather than sitting on top of it and giving the page an added sheen. Here's a picture that entirely does not illustrate what I'm talking about.
Because the Four is awesome at planning, they come up with a plan. What if one of us actually destroys something, in order to confuse our impersonators? Brilliant! Johnny wrecks a rocket, then gets picked up by Skrull Reed and Skrull Sue in a Studebaker, which may or may not be a Skrull. Luckily for everyone, none of the Skrulls is in Johnny form right now, because actually that was a huge potential flaw in an otherwise flawless plan.
But here's my favorite part.
The Four decide to impersonate the Skrulls and go to the Skrull mothership, which has been waiting in orbit for that one last obstacle to invasion to be removed. Then they fool the Skrull leader by showing him pages from other Marvel comics. But not superhero comics, pages from Strange Tales and Journey into Mystery (which would later feature Thor, but at this point I guess had giant ants?). The Skrulls, despite the fact they've been monitoring the planet and have found no evidence of scary-ass troll monsters and giant ants, are like "Oh crap, let's hightail it."
And they do. Menace defeated.
On the return trip, they pass through some more cosmic rays. Which, understandably, Ben gets pretty upset about. Of course, everyone else is less than sympathetic, because they are jerks to Ben all day.
And finally, because Reed has not had a chance this issue to prove that he is a dick, he forces the three Skrulls who remained on earth to turn into cows. Permanently. This is an awesome idea and nothing bad could ever come of introducing aliens into the food supply.
My plot summary might seem snarky, but this issue is exponentially better than the first. Sure, the various plots and schemes are ludicrous, but they've got room to breathe a bit. This issue seems competent, on the plotting front. The art has some standout moments, particularly Ben's brief reversion to human form. Some of the panel pacing is odd for a narrative that's so compressed. Like this sequence.
There's plenty to say about Sue, and as she develops, I'll want to say more about her here. But one thing worth noting is that invisibility is not a particularly fun super-power to draw. Kirby seems to revel in panels of Johnny leaving flame trails in his wake and Reed's limbs distending across the frame (although none of the Reed panels can touch Jack Cole's Plastic Man, which rivals Eisner in its early formal innovation). But when it comes to Sue, there's not a whole lot to work with other than showing the consequences of her visual absence.
Next issue: costumes! The Fantasti-car! The Miracle Man (but not MiracleMan).


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Dear Editor,
I was disappointed that our funding for LANL was cut in proportion to that received by Sandia. I have sent a note along with the newspaper clipping and my book The Strange Disappearance of Uncle Dudley: A Child's Story of Los Alamos, to the President. I inscribed it to President and Mrs. Obama and Daughters. (Signed and dated by the author, of course)
On the note I said I'm not in favor of bombs, but LANL does work in space, medical and environmental fields. I wish that funding for all the National Labs could be balanced and a percentage earmarked for non-weapons work.
The book is for the White House Library.
I added that I am still planning on voting for Obama.
Inez Ross
Los Alamos
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[July 12, 2013]
GEICO appoints new president and COO
Jul 12, 2013 (Datamonitor via COMTEX) -- Government Employees Insurance Company, or GEICO, has appointed Bill Roberts as president and COO. Tony Nicely will continue to serve as chairman and CEO.
"Bill will take on a greater role in managing GEICO's day-to-day operations," Nicely said. "I will continue to be very actively involved in the overall management of the company, but I could not be more confident that Bill is ready to tackle these new responsibilities." Roberts had served as executive vice president of GEICO since 2000 with responsibility for marketing and advertising, information systems, telecommunications and the Internet business unit, staff development, military marketing, and GFR sales. He will continue to serve as chairman of the GEICO Insurance Agency.
"I'm very excited about this opportunity and look forward to continuing to work with Tony as we take on new challenges and build on GEICO's success moving forward," Roberts said.
Roberts joined GEICO in 1984 and served as vice president of marketing from 1985 to 1991. He then served as assistant vice president for underwriting in GEICO's regional office in Macon, Ga. He was elected group vice president in 1994 and senior vice president in 1997.
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Making the Psalms boring
Catholic World News - December 21, 2011
Anthony Esolen analyzes some current translations of psalms and hymns, noting how the most interesting and provocative aspects of the poetry have been excised.
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Absolutely brilliant analysis. It should be put in the hands of every seminarian and young priest (the old guys, unfortunately, make the decisions to buy, based on somebody coming back from an NPM convention).


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After his five-goal effort last week, freshman forward Chris Prince (Naperville, Ill.) has been honored with two player of the week awards. In addition to being named the Big Ten Conference Offensive Player of the Week, Prince has been named ChicagoLandSoccerNews.com's Player of the Week.
Player of the Week: Five-goal week for Badgers' Prince, ChicagoLandSoccerNews.com, Oct. 25, 2010
Indiana and Wisconsin take home men's soccer weekly accolades, BigTen.org, Oct. 25, 2010


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Previous Episode | Next Episode
Strangemoon Over Miami
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This page has been viewed 22 times this month, and 1036 times total.
Strangemoon Over MiamiStrangemoon Over Miami (1970) Season 1 Episode 51-11- Josie and the Pussycats Cartoon Episode Guide
This page has been viewed 22 times this month, and 1036 times total.
- Josie and the Pussycats Cartoon Episode Guide
- Hanna-Barbera Studios
- Cartoon Characters: Josie, Melody, Valerie, Alan, Alexander Cabot III, Alexandra Cabot, Sebastian, Dr. Strangemoon, Guard.
- Originally Released in 1970.
- Season: 1
- Color
- Running Time: 30 minutes.
Cartoon Summary:
While performing at the Expo, the Pussycats accidentally take off in their balloon. They land on the island of Dr. Strangemoon. After they explain why they're there, a guard lets them go. Strangemoon believes that they are spies, and sends his men to the Expo to bring them back. They are captured, and Strangemoon sends Melody, Alexander and Alexandra into outer space. Strangemoon means to take over the world by causing asteroids to crash into the earth and wreck havoc. The Pussycats must escape from the clutches of Strangemoon and his henchmen and, at the same time, save the world from his diabolical plans! Valerie figures out a way to bring the three back to earth, and Strangemoon ends up in his own space capsule.
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One mistake overlooked
Comments By: Anonymous Cartoon Lover
Watch the chase scene closely. You'll find that Dr. Strangemoon's henchman is missing from it almost as if the producers of the series did not have time to capture the character. You think they would have tried to be more... (read more)
1 of 9 people found this comment useful


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Netcoders ApS is a 12 years old danish software development company, with offices located in the beautifull city of Køge, just 25 minutes south of Copenhagen, Denmark.
We have been developing primarily websites using Microsoft technologies (Visual Studio, ASP.NET, C#, C++, SQL server), but since the beginning of 2009 we have shifted focus to the Apple iPhone / iPod Touch / iPad platform working on developing apps and games in Objective-C on the Mac OSX platform.
We have also begun developing iOS applications using MonoDevelop and MonoTouch.
Contact information :
Netcoders ApS
Brogade 10, 2. tv
4600 Køge
Phone : +45 43423201
Email : firstname.lastname@example.com
Netcoders ApS has 2 employees :
Kent Fonager
Tony Fonager