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Porting small library from Java 5.0 to Java 1.4 - could it be any harder?
And so, last evening I set out to provide 1.4-compatible version of my Substance look-and-feel library. What promised to be an easy task (a couple of changes per file, given not too excessive use of generics), turned out to be a frustrating and valuable experience not only with Swing classes, but with Java 5.0 features in general.
First off, I should say that at work we write for JDK 1.4.2. For me, last year that amounted to roughly 2600 hours spent on writing 1.4.2-compliant code. At home (for a few projects here on java.net) it's been 5.0 from the beginning. Last year that amounted to roughly 700 hours spent on using 5.0 features. Not claiming to know my way through all new features in 5.0 (there were way too many hands raised on Joshua Bloch's "Collections Connection" when he asked to see who knows everything in 5.0), I feel comfortable with all new language features. Contrary to what some claim (he looks suspiciously familiar), generics in the "light" version (no wildcards, no "super" or "extends" etc.) make the code look better and more robust. As a collection guru, you may think that nobody can forget that exact value type stored in some map, but what about your average programmer who left last week and whose bugs you need to fix? Your best hope would be that he documented the correct types of keys and values in javadoc, otherwise you would either hunt all the puts, or debug until your fingers are blue and ready to fall off.
And so, i thought. 77 files, 440KB of code. How hard can it be? It shouldn't even matter how many files or how many lines of code. Just take Retroweaver, add ant task and lean back. The "lean back" part ended abruptly, seeing that i have used quite a handful of methods that were new in 5.0 (which i used). Here lies the main deception of Retroweaver - its abilities are very limited. It can handle generics, enhanced for loops, enums, iterables, but that's about it. A class that's new in 5.0, or a new method on existing class - you're on your own. And that certainly discourages the use of Retroweaver - I moved to 5.0 not only because of the language features. I want to use new stuff like Formatter, Scanner, concurrency, ExecutorService and even String.replace that gets two CharSequences as parameters. And so, the first big disappointment was - if you want to port your library back to 1.4, you can't use any 5.0 new stuff. That sounds obvious, but not so if you start writing a new library straight in 5.0.
The next step was to see the functions that were not present in 1.4 and replace them with the corresponding counterparts from 1.4. That sounds easy, but when you extend functionality of the existing Java classes, it's not. For look-and-feel, you extend the existing UI delegates and plug-in your stuff. The stuff you plug should involve only drawing, so that couldn't change much between different JDK versions, right? Right and wrong. It doesn't change much, but a lot of stuff gets exposed in later JDK versions that was private in the previous ones. One of the best examples here would be createScrollButton in TabbedPaneUI. When you set your tabbed pane to work in SCROLL_TAB_LAYOUT mode, the tabs that overflow the available space are not visible, and can be "scrolled to" using two small arrow buttons. The default implementation draws the button on its own, ignoring the installed ButtonUI, so you would want to override this behaviour to provide consistent look and feel to all the buttons. In 5.0 it's very easy - you are override createScrollButton() function, it's called and then Swing plugs in all the listeners on those buttons. In 1.4 - big surprise. Pretty much everything in BaseTabbedPaneUI is private, the buttons, the listener, the layout. And everything is not only wired, but also hardcoded for the class names. And you can't make your button inherit from the inner button - its class is private. What you can do - the good old "copy paste". That's what is done in JGoodies - its TabbedPaneUI is a complete rip-off (with a few tweaks to plug its own buttons), spanning 3092 lines. My original 5.0 version of TabbedPaneUI is 235 lines. And that brought the second disappointment - there are very good reasons to use new functions. That sounds obvious too, but yet again if you start out with new functionality and then force yourself to go back, you'll have to implement it yourself.
At this point, the next step was obvious - the code must be rewritten. But should it still be in 5.0? That's a tough question. You can integrate Retroweaver in your ant script and run it everytime you change something. You can pay close attention to javadoc comments of every single function that you intend to use. You can set your compiler to 1.4 settings, but it will not catch use of new 5.0 functions. Or, you can just take your code and backport it to 1.4 yourself. After all, you are not using any new stuff (apart from generics and enums), and you are not burdened with all the bookkeeping.
A few clicks in Eclipse, and the project was configured to 1.4. Thirty seconds later, the build is over, and on 77 files I had 856 errors. About 30% were on generics (both parametrized collections and missing casts on retrieving objects), 30% were on @Override (you use that a lot writing look-and-feel under 5.0), and 35% were on enums. The most unexpected part was for enums - you just get used to having name(), values() and using them in switch statements. The harsh 1.4 reality sets in, and even when you use Bloch's enum pattern, you still need to provide name(), values() and rewrite your switch statements. Couple of hours later - all the errors were gone (except the functions that were not available in 1.4), and the code was uglier than before, especially when you need to store Longs in a Map (autoboxing is nice), or iterating over entries in Set or array. The third disappointment set in during the two hours frantic coding - removing 5.0 language features takes more that it seems. Less obvious (maybe because it's sold as "syntactic change" only), but time-consuming nonetheless.
When the last errors were fixed, I run the test application that tests all component UIs. Instantly i was greated with the long despised "use getRootPane().add()" message. Quick fix, the application runs, but:
- background of menu and menu items is dark gray instead of nice light gray. The same for combobox.
- default button behaviour is transferred to the clicked button.
- the buttons are not "rollover-enabled"
- dialog root pane is not opaque
- selected items in list are not highlighted
- sliders have background for ticks
- progress bar is off by 1 pixel in both width and height
- root pane header is off by 1 pixel in width
All these were either fixed or corrected for 5.0. Now i have to introduce "bug fixes" myself. That's when the last disappointment sets in - each new JDK version fixes existing bugs in older versions. Obvious as well, but quite unexpected when all you want is to run your library in older JDK and just want it to show the same behaviour.
With all of the above, twenty four hours later, the library has not been ported back, but a few lessons have been learned.
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'Chuck' Renewed for Fourth Season
According to the Live Feed, NBC has renewed 'Chuck' for a fourth season. The show, which has been on the bubble for consecutive seasons, despite its rabid fan base, will return for 13 episodes.
'Chuck' has performed steady in its third season on NBC, though that doesn't mean its ratings have been altogether high. This week's episode, for example, drew just 5.3 million viewers and a 1.9 rating among adults 18-49, a series-low.
Elsewhere in pick-up news, the Live Feed is reporting that three pilots are likely to make it onto NBC's lineup: 'Kindreds,' from Emmy winner David E. Kelley, 'Garza,' starring Jimmy Smits, and 'The Cape,' about a former cop (David Lyons) who, after getting framed, becomes a superhero to clear his name. 'Terminator''s Summer Glau co-stars as a blogger out for justice.
Meanwhile, the fate of 'Law & Order' remains in question.
Tell us: How excited are you about 'Chuck''s renewal?

subset: commoncrawl


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October 4 2009, 05:42 AM
The Evil Dead
Vice Admiral
Location: 1123, 6536, 5321
Re: Zombieland
Spookman Spiff wrote:
Mr. Adventure wrote:
Spookman Spiff wrote:
It was loads of fun. The crowd I was with ate it up.
I'm kind of annoyed with the "watch for a cameo" comments, because not only is it impossible to miss, but knowing that there's going to be one, you can see it coming from miles away. Never before have I seen so many reviewers ruin a gag.
Ah, well. It's still a fun flick.
Stay through the credits.
Yeah, luckily I was totally oblivious to that one.
I didn't stick through the credits though (which I suppose nowadays you always should) care to give a spoiler coded description?
Tallahassee and dying Bill Murray pay homage to
What was the "WTF moment" you described?
I missed the scene as well but with a little obvious Youtube searching you can find the scene on there for anyone else who had to tinkle immediately after the movie was over.
"I want to see gamma rays, I want to hear X-rays, and I want to smell dark matter. Im a machine and I could know much more."
- Cavil,
Battlestar Galactica
The Evil Dead
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text:
Coconut Oil: This Ain't Your Momma's Cookin' Grease. ~ Trey Eleazer
Among the ever changing opinion of health fanatics out there coconut oil is slowly but surely picking up the title of a cure all, but this isn't the first time.
Coconut oil made its big debut to the western world in the late 1950's and early 1960's and has slowly but surely been chugging along ever since.
Extracted from the fruit of the coconut palm or coco-nucifera, coconut oil is good for your hair, your skin, good for your digestion, and just so happens to help out with diabetes as well as a few respiratory conditions. It calms Vata and Pitta and also does a good job supporting Kapha.
Though it changes from solid to liquid form at around 76 degrees Fahrenheit coconut oil is very heat stable when used in cooking, with a smoke point of up to 450 degrees. This leaves butter (300 degrees) and olive oil (375 degrees) in the proverbial dust.
It is virtually imperishable and very slow to oxidize due to its high saturated fat content. But isn't saturated fat supposed to be bad for you? Well according to many clinical nutritionists saturated fat is just another coconut on the dietary palm tree.
A study by the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition conducted in the 1980's that compares two Polynesian island tribal communities.
The two communities were the Tokelauans, whose diet is made up of 63 percent coconut, and the Pukapukans, whose diet is 34 percent coconut. This study shows that though most of their fat intake is saturated fat, there are very small instances of congenital heart disease.
Among both tribes all other aspects of these island dwellers are quite similar. The two islands are approximately 500 km from each other. Both groups have a low-percapita economy and have had relatively little intermarriage with Westeners and non-Polynesians.
Coconut is the chief source of energy for both groups, and although their diets are high in saturated fat derived from coconut, they are low in total cholesterol. Fat biopsies were taken from both, as well as height and weight by age group, and even the skin folds were measured. The study shows that Tokelau males have 35 to 40 percent higher cholesterol levels, but the mean triglyceride levels were higher in Pukapuka.
Coconut is used in every meal. The green nuts are the primary beverage, and grated coconut or coconut cream was used as a thickening agent in most meals, especially the raw coconut flesh just as a snack. Dietary cholesterol intake of both groups was low as was their intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids.
Pigs and chickens eaten on the island, whose diets were high in coconut, were only eaten for special occasions and showed a high concentration of short chain fatty acids. This contributed to the islander's high levels of saturated fats.
A different study, around the same time, showed that the migration of Tokelau islanders from their atolls to New Zealand is associated with changes in lipids and indicates a risk for atherogenesis. This is associated with an actual fall in saturated fat intake and an increase in carbohydrate and sugar intake.
Most coconut oil is derived from copra, the dried husk of the coconut.
Most of that oil is RBD—refined, bleached, and deodorized. These processes yield a higher quality product with a much higher temperature tolerance. The best coconut oil is extracted from the flesh of fresh coconut and has a lower smoke point, but nether process has much to do with the stability or perish ability of the product.
Both virgin and RBD forms of coconut oil are good for the skin, soothing and nourishing when applied directly and good for the hair adding protein to the follicle as well as fighting dandruff when applied to the scalp. Coconut in any form contains lucaric-acid which upon entering the body turns into mono-laurin, a protein otherwise only found in breast milk.
According to the Ayurveda diet coconut oil is good for balancing vata because it is qualified as a cool oil and will help to stabilize or pacify a dosha that has become excessive or aggravated. Coconut is even better for balancing pitta. When out of balance pittas may suffer from skin rashes, burning sensations, peptic ulcers, excessive body heat, heart burn, and indigestion. All conditions which are easily treated with a tablespoon or two of coconut oil each day. When beginning this regiment you may want to ease into it, taking a teaspoon or two each day and working your way up.
To help balance your pitta even further, perform a daily massage using cooling oils like coconut oil or olive oil. Once again coconut oil is very good for skin and hair. Coconut oil is also very complementary to kapha being the humor of motion or movement. Though not necessarily used to balance kapha what could be better for all your moving parts than a nice oil change?
Coconut oil has an even wider verity of beneficial effects for people besides topical application. Coconut oil is a medium chain fatty acid, which makes the body treat it more like a carbohydrate. It goes straight to the liver and is used as energy which gives you the benefit of eating carbohydrates without elevating your blood sugar.
Coconut oil also boosts your metabolism and helps recue abdominal fat.
Large amounts of fat in the mid section have been tied to insulin resistance. So there for less abdominal fat less insulin resistance! Recent studies have shown that saturated fat, mono-saturated fat, and poly-saturated fat aren't bad for you specifically, it's the over consumption of any or all of the above that leads to high dietary cholesterol.
Many cosmetic companies are selling products "infused with coconut essence or byproducts" but I'll tell you from experience that the oils they are selling you are just as good as the oil on the cooking isles, and you get more for you money. Just a little in your hair before conditioning and rub a little on your skin after a hot shower.
Though it may not be the most well known or popular item in the health food store just yet, coconut oil is climbing the ladder one rung at a time. As the turtle said when the rabbit got to the finish line "slow and steady wins the race"
Trey Eleazer is 23 years old and lives in Savannah, Georgia. He's always been an avid reader and chef extraordinaire. Though he's fallen out of the culinary state of mind, he thought he would try his hand at writing. Just out of high school he worked for The Authors Press, a small publishing company located in my even smaller home town, but hasn't had anything published since. His hobbies include music–listening and playing–as well as getting into good classic novels.
Editor: Ryan Pinkard
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{Waylon H. Lewis C Enterprises 2015: Use Rights in perpetuity. Ownership remains with author.}
6 Responses to "Coconut Oil: This Ain't Your Momma's Cookin' Grease. ~ Trey Eleazer"
I'd have to agree with you. Aside from the fact that coconut is known as a miracle fruit, its oil especially the virgin coconut oil is also known to cure all conditions. Whether it is about digestion, for the hair or even for our skin, we can really get a lot of benefits from this fruit.
Yup, I tend to be a fat of coconut oil and use it in rotation in my cooking along with olive oil, real pasture raised cow butter and organic ghee.
When I was a personal trainer I would always recommend Coconut Oil to clients – its multitude of benefits can really help any goal
[…] it saves energy. 9. Let go even faster; it saves energy. 10. Say "thank you." 11. Rub coconut oil on your skin 12. Do cartwheels. Try three in a row if there's space. 13. Go crazy on a […]
?薛师纽搔 应? 铅?薛 苔纽? 应铅 师应搔?摩 ?枝应 ?忙薛驭笑挺?. 夕 应纽?姚应搔? 笑纽?忙薛苔苔 应? 忙? 师圈夕?痞夕驭 笑薛夕姚师驭挺铅? 师 ?薛挺姚?, 师 ?枝 ?挺 痞卅挺应? 笑?姚苔, 笑夕驭? ? ?, ?应 应 ?苔. ?姚驭枝 纽?姚应薛纽咋 姚应 挺?卅姚 笑挺?苔应 苔夕, 甩? 摩纽 驭?薛枝 师?挺? 忙搔 应 娄搔薛忙搔?. 师 ?笑? ?摩搔? 搔应搔夕甩夕忙铅?挺 ?苔应 咋卅挺枝?, 应 摩?圈纽姚 应夕 苔纽?甩卅姚 笑纽薛搔姚?应纽薛 姚驭挺挺纽咋?. \"?枝纽应 ?挺 ?甩, 师 夕 应?笑夕 应夕 ?挺 夕 摩?苔夕 姚?. 圈 应桅搔?爪纽 苔?, 桅纽?挺应卅苔 苔? 纽苔笑搔姚应纽驭应搔?, 师 圈 应搔薛?痞夕驭 姚 ?圈 ?甩甩 ?应 姚应 ?摩咋?. ?应, 苔搔 ?薛 圈 应夕 娄薛?应 应 ?姚 应夕 姚 ?摩铅薛 苔夕姚?薛 纽?? ?甩甩夕 ?挺摩薛. 圈 应夕 笑 ?师搔 师 笑甩应? 夕 应?笑夕 摩纽 ?枝夕驭 ?纽 笑夕? 应夕? 应?笑夕? 姚? 师 摩纽 笑?师纽搔应 挺 姚? 应?笑夕?. 甩夕搔?, 驭? 摩纽 甩?痞纽 应夕 夕笑夕搔夕?笑夕应, 忙搔 挺 咋?挺纽应 ?应 ?挺
?笑甩驭应 师 挺 应纽圈? ?应 ? ?挺 娄?枝, 纽? gerson, 笑挺?挺应? ?苔铅姚 师 应夕? ?枝夕? 应卅 笑夕驭甩? ?圈挺, ?师挺 苔驭姚应铅薛?摩纽? 纽笑搔姚?爪纽? 师? ?师? 应? 师夕薛驭咋夕忙薛苔?? 师 应铅 笑?忙搔 ?挺纽. 姚应 姚驭?枝纽搔, ?应 ?薛圈 应 姚师夕?摩 笑夕 桅纽?挺铅姚, 苔纽? ? 笑夕? 爪搔圈驭?痞夕挺应? 师 驭?薛笑夕驭姚 笑纽?笑夕, ?桅搔 应? 苔纽?甩? 师?姚纽? 笑薛? 应? ?甩 笑夕? 娄?枝搔 笑夕 姚铅?摩纽爪 应 ?薛搔 应? 笑甩?? 忙? 师 应夕 ?夕. 姚应 姚驭?枝纽搔, 苔搔 ?薛挺纽应 笑薛? 应 纽苔笑?? 苔 苔纽?甩 笑纽?姚师纽爪 师 ?圈 摩驭挺? 笑薛夕?甩桅 师? 应夕 圈夕?娄夕. 姚应 姚驭?枝纽搔 ?应夕苔 挺?挺应纽枝 挺?甩驭爪 ?应 摩纽 ?应 ?挺? 应夕 苔 gerson, 甩? ?挺 ? 应 笑夕甩?薛搔圈苔 忙薛苔? 师甩纽苔?挺? 姚应夕搔枝? 师 夕?摩?, 苔驭摩? 夕薛? 师? 应 忙薛苔? 夕驭薛?, ?笑夕搔 ? 驭? 枝卅?? ?薛搔 师 ?笑夕搔 薛夕驭甩纽? burthens.gerson ?薛搔 . parham ?薛搔 ?姚师. \"苔铅
– Christian Louboutin
– 锘縲ww.thenorthfaceathens.com
[…] cut up and loose parts are ready drizzle coconut oil over them in a bowl, take a a couple pinches of salt and pepper and place on a non-stick baking […]


text: Murray Morrissey | IBDB: The official source for Broadway Information IBDB: The official source for Broadway Information Official Broadway League sites: - sites - broadway.org broadwayleague.com broadwayfanclub.com kidsnightonbroadway.com stagespecs.org tonyawards.com Quick Search For: In This Category: All Show People/Org. Theatre Season Murray Morrissey Performer Male Productions ProductionsDate of ProductionsMy Princess[Musical, Operetta, Original] Performer: Murray Morrissey [Ensemble]Oct 06, 1927 - Oct 22, 1927Lace Petticoat[Musical, Comedy, Original] Performer: Murray Morrissey [Ensemble]Jan 04, 1927 - Jan 15, 1927 Find out where Murray Morrissey and are credited together © 2001-2015, The Broadway League, All Rights Reserved. (Copyright and Disclaimer)


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About Me
- Rachel Brown
- Ashington, Northumberland, United Kingdom
- I am 31, married to Raymond and have three dogs, Jed and Broady - Black Labradors; and Bailey - Chocolate Labrador. I am a Paediatric Nurse. I have been crafting for as long as I can remember. Crafts I enjoy range from cardmaking, ATC's, Fat Pages, jewellery making, to needlecrafts and silk painting. All of the items I sell I donate the profits to The Teardrop Support Group linked to Wansbeck and North Tyneside General Hospitals. Helping families in the North of Tyne and Northumberland area who have suffered loss of a baby, miscarriage or related problems. I hope you enjoy looking at my creations. Thank you xx
Tuesday, 3 April 2012
Skylander's Birthday Party Invitations
Posted by Rachel Brown at 18:29
Labels: Birthday, Cartoon Character, children, Invites, Party
2 comments:
- julie_woolston said...
Hi Rachel you have done a fabulous job, I'm sure your friend will love what you have done.
Hugs Julie x
- 3 April 2012 at 20:11
- Judith said...
very creative Rachel - I'm sure the little boy will be delighted hugs Judith x
- 4 April 2012 at 22:30
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text:
Full Description
Waterway Tiny Might Circulation Pump 3312610-14
1/16 Horsepower
115 Volt
1" Union x 1" Union Intake/Discharge.
High volume side discharge efficiency.
60% more efficient than our center discharge pumps.
Side discharge for optimum flow.
Wet end can be rotated for easy installation.
Large 6 1/2" diameter wet end for higher head pressure
One year warranty on motor, Lifetime on pump.
This item is a Genuine Waterway Tiny Might Pump and Motor. We do not sell refurbished, rebuilt or mix and match pump and motors. All Waterway Tiny Might pumps sold come with a 1 year warranty on the motor and lifetime on the pump manufacturers warranty.


text: On Sun, May 29, 2005 at 08:39:04PM +0200, Aleksander Piotrowski wrote: > Edd Barrett napisa?(a): > > > Is anyone working on a gimp2 port? I know that back in may 2004 there was > > some discussion on this list, but no conclusion was met. > > I am working. Preparing to import (not soon, I guess) port made by Igor Boehm. [...] ... with a lot of help from Bernd Ahlers who updated my original gimp2 port to version 2.2.6. If anyone want's to try it, the unofficial version is available at: * http://www.bytelabs.org/gimp-2.2.6.tgz


text:
Greenlee Tool Storage
Efficiently store your tools, supplies and accessories with these storage products. We carry cases, tool boxes, organizers, portable storage containers, trays and cabinets, so you can find the perfect storage place for your tools.
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Greenlee 56338
12" Canvas Zipper Bag (0158-14)
Sale Price: $8.23
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text: Estelle Phillips | IBDB: The official source for Broadway Information IBDB: The official source for Broadway Information Official Broadway League sites: - sites - broadway.org broadwayleague.com broadwayfanclub.com kidsnightonbroadway.com stagespecs.org tonyawards.com Quick Search For: In This Category: All Show People/Org. Theatre Season Estelle Phillips Performer Female Productions ProductionsDate of ProductionsHey Nonny Nonny![Musical, Revue, Original] Performer: Estelle Phillips ["Personally Yours" Performer, "This Is Different, Dear" Performer, "Be a Little Lackadaisical" Performer, "I Didn't Know That It Was Loaded" Performer, "Let's Go Lovin'" Performer, Minsky's Maiden]Jun 06, 1932 - Jul 02, 1932The Gang's All Here[Musical, Comedy, Revue, Original] Performer: Estelle Phillips [Dancer]Feb 18, 1931 - Mar 09, 1931Jonica[Musical, Comedy, Original] Performer: Estelle Phillips [Ensemble]Apr 07, 1930 - May 10, 1930 Find out where Estelle Phillips and are credited together © 2001-2015, The Broadway League, All Rights Reserved. (Copyright and Disclaimer)


text:
TJ's Trash: Blake + Christina=My New Favorite Song!
November 26, 2012 1:25 PM
On Air: Weekdays, 10am-2pm ...Read More
I seriously can't stop listening to this song. It's so good and even though its a pop song Blake fits in so well! I LOVE it. Christina even joked when she sent Blake her part, he listened and said "Could you have made this any higher I'm going to have to put a clothes pin (you know where) to hit these notes." haha! Watch them perform it on The Voice! It's awesome. Gives me goosebumps.


text:
Legal icon, Prof Ben Nwabueze (SAN), in this interview with ALLWELL OKPI, traces the woes of Nigeria to the military intervention in government, the civil war and errors made in drafting the 1979 Constitution.
Recently you said Nigeria was becoming a failed state. How did you arrive at such conclusion?
It was a remark I made in a speech at Enugu. I did not say Nigeria was a failed state. I said Nigeria was on the way to becoming a failed state and that everything possible should be done to save it from becoming a failed state. Then I went on to give the indices of a failed state. The indices were not given by me. They were given by an international organisation that ranked various countries, with Somalia as number one failed state and Nigeria at number 12. They gave a long list of indicators. The ones that I mentioned in my Enugu speech were: one, when a state fails to provide for the security and safety of its citizens. In our constitution, I believe in Section 14, it is said that the primary purpose of government is the safety of the citizens. That is the primary purpose of the state. So, any state that is incapable of providing security, which is its basic function, has failed or is on its way to becoming a failed state. Number two: Security in the context of our constitution, and in the context of the global meaning of security, means not only physical security, but also economic security. Where a state fails to provide for not only the physical security of its citizens but also for their economic security, is becoming a failed state. Chapter 2 of the constitution spelt out what economic security of the citizens mean. It includes provision of social welfare and amenities, such as roads, water and so on; the things that some people refer to as democracy dividends. Democracy dividends mean nothing more than the social and economic rights of the citizens set out in Section 2 of the constitution. If you look at this, you ask yourself; is government providing this? Does the government have any conception of social justice? In Europe today, since the advent of the welfare state, some countries have Ministry of Social Security. They have degree courses in social security. Do we in this country understand what social security means? Do we ever give any thought to it? Does any government in this country ever look at chapter 2 of the constitution to see that obligations cast on the state, in favour of the citizens? Section 13 of chapter 2 says, "It shall be the duty of all organs of government and of all authorities and persons who exercise executive, legislative or judicial powers to conform to, observe and apply the provisions of this chapter of this constitution." Does the Executive in this country conform to, observe and apply the provisions of chapter 2? Do they even give any regard to it? It's the same with the legislature. Let's leave the judiciary; it's not their function really.
Number three: It's the fundamental function of the state to provide for a peaceful succession of government, through the universal means, which is the democratic means of free, fair and credible election. Are we getting that in this country? No. We saw the 2003 and the 2007 elections. They were complete travesty and rape of the whole concept of free, fair and credible election. Were those not indications that this country has become or is becoming a failed state?
But the 2011 general elections were adjudged better than the ones you mentioned.
The 2011 elections were better but still fell short of democratic standards of free, fair and credible elections. The fourth indicator that I mentioned was justice. We talk about social justice. Do we understand the meaning of social justice. Do we know the obligation it imposes on the state? We are not talking about individual justice? Individual justice is when you wrong me; the state would provide machinery for redress of the wrong you have done to me. And then, we have social justice, where the state itself, or organs of the state are not meeting up or are committing wrongs, denials, depravations of the social and economic rights of its citizens. Social justice is more important that individual justice. It has to do with the way different groups, for example, ethnic groups are treated by the state. Are all the ethnic groups being treated equally in the distribution of government amenities, facilities and patronages? You see, some young people who have access to power, have been enabled by the state to become multi-billionaires. I don't want to mention names but you know them. While others who do not have access to power are poor. Is that social justice? The vast majority of the people in this country are suffering and dying of poverty. The hardship in this country is too much. I certainly do not experience it, but I do not feel happy to see this multitude of deprived people suffering hardship, living below the poverty line. When a state fails in providing social justice to its citizens, has it not failed or is it not in the way of becoming a failed state? My friend Gen. TY Danjuma, in his speech at the convocation of Ahmadu Bello University, apart from saying the North is in the middle of a civil war, said the entire nation is in total anarchy. Anarchy mean abeyance of government; the abeyance of law and order, in other words, a total failure of government. This is not different from what I said. Just a couple of years ago, did we hear of bombing of churches, public buildings, not by anybody outside, but from within? There was nothing like that. When I returned to this country in 1962, you could go out to enjoy yourself in nightclubs up to 2am or 3am and go home peacefully without fear of molestations by armed robbers. Today, armed robbers have become a common feature in the country.
Having been around since before Independence, at what point would you say things stated going wrong in Nigeria?
That's a difficult question because we have this tendency of not taking notes of when social changes in the nation occur. The sociologist should do a study on this to give us an idea of when went wrong. But speaking generally, with the benefit of research into this subject, I would say it started after the end of the civil war. The civil war ended in January 1970, and a lot of things that were not happening before the civil war began to happen. Unemployment, especially graduate unemployment began. There many graduates who have been unemployed for several years, with some up to 10 years or more. Some of these people have been driven into the streets and are involved in various crimes. Then there is the factor of unequal distribution of oil wealth. The military took over in 1966, and they were in power for 28 years. And 28 years of unequal distribution of oil wealth started. A soldier, before 1966, was not very much regarded. Even if you were an officer, your status was low. But all of a sudden, their status rose. And they became wealthy. Many of them rose steadily to become heads of state and military governors and got a lot of money. And the oil money was unequally distributed and the money culture – a disastrous culture – was created. Money became the determinant of practically everything in the society. The society changed, our values changed. The values that we had cherished in the past were destroyed and were replaced by money-related values. There are two points: the aftermath of the civil war and earlier, the military intervention in the government of this country.
How did that graduate into the restiveness and militancy we are experiencing in different parts of the country?
The unequal distribution of this oil wealth, fantastic wealth, and the environmental degradation neglect of the area where the oil is drilled, resulted in the militancy in the Niger Delta. That attitude of militancy stemmed from an environment that was degraded, virtually destroyed. They can't catch fish from their river; they can't do agriculture, all because of oil. And not everybody has the restrain to say let me stay like that. Militancy in that part of the country has been about people revolting against the sheer injustice of staying, and watching your environment being destroyed and you getting no commensurate benefit from the exploitation of oil in your area. These are the combination of factors that have brought us to this point.
Northerner leaders have also blamed unequal distribution oil wealth for the Boko Haram insurgency in the North. Do you agree with that?
Boko Haram in a way is an aspect of the general thing I described. But it is a peculiar manifestation. The source of which has not been clearly defined. Poverty is part of it. As it is for the rest of the country, many of the things we suffer from today are results of poverty. Poverty is the bane of this country. Just like ignorance and illiteracy. You would be shocked to know the percentage of the population of this country that is illiterate. Some of them are competent in their craft, but they are ignorant; they can't read, they can't write. If you have that level of illiteracy, ignorance and therefore poverty, in the so-called the less under-developed part of the country, then you can begin to understand why the insurgency is occurring in the North, of course in different degrees. The North-East, North-West and the Middle-belt, are not equally affected. It may be that illiteracy, ignorance and poverty are more in the North-East. I don't know. The insurgency may be due to unequal distribution of wealth, but it is a factor too complex to be untangled in this interview. The fact is that the poverty and illiteracy in this part of the country is just too much. They are suffering more than their counterparts in the South. However, I personally think that the Boko Haram insurgency is more political and religious, than economic and social. I think it is related, justifiably or unjustifiably to the change in government since the exit of Umaru Yar'Adua. Olusegun Obasanjo, from the South, had been there for eight years and then Yar'Adua took over, the North thought it was their turn. Then Yar'Adua became ill and died. And the vice-president, according to the constitution took over. Some northerners thought that, the Peoples Democratic Party should have allowed them, to serve what they believed to be their turn. It didn't happen that way and they believed, rightly or wrongly that it was an injustice and the reaction, rightly or wrongly was the insurgency – Boko Haram. We should continue to pray that the insurgency, which is so far confined to the North, will not spill to the South.
Does that mean you support President Goodluck Jonathan in refusing to grant Boko Haram amnesty until their leaders come physically for negotiation?
I don't regard amnesty as an issue at this point. I think the nation as a whole, including Boko Haram, should be at a conference table to deliberate critical issues in a national conference. We need a conference to address these issues; the issues of lack of social justice, which is tearing this country apart. Lack of social justice is at the root of Boko Haram. I believe that if the conference is properly organised, Boko Haram should be there. They will come if you organise it properly and the conference would be able to find an answer to the Boko Haram issue. You can't talk about amnesty; do you know who they are? Do you think they are just going to present themselves? If you have a conference, their representative would be there unidentified. Boko Haram insurgency is not comparable to the militancy in the Niger Delta, where there is amnesty.
Unlike the Arewa Consultative Forum and the Afenifere, the Ohanaeze Ndigbo, have not been deeply involved in promoting the cause of Igbo people in Nigerian politics, especially Igbo presidency. As a pioneer leader of the organisation, are you satisfied with this?
Ohanaeze Ndigbo was formed in 1976, by a group of prominent Igbo leaders – Akanu Ibiam, Michael Okpara, Sam Mbadiwe, and some others. I was elected the first Secretary-General. With a motion by Okpara, I was given the assignment to draft a constitution for the organisation, which I did and it was adopted. Akanu Ibiam became the first chairman of the organisation. I remained the Secretary-General and Chief Executive Officer of the organisation for more than 20 years. I gave up that position after 25 years. If you have followed the fortunes of Ohanaeze, you would see that it has gone from one crisis to another, and today it has become too factionalised. There are several cases in court, from one faction against another, that today you don't know whether there is Ohanaeze Ndigbo or not. I think Afenifere is experiencing similar problems but to a less extent. My own idea for years, in and out of office as Secretary-General, is that the civil war had dealt a severe blow to the Igbo people and deprived them of friends. Everybody became more or less the enemy of the Igbo, feared the Igbo and hated them. And nobody, given that fear and hatred would want an Igbo man to become the President of Nigeria. The odds are so heavy against the Igbo. Talking about Igbo presidency, which means having an Igbo man become the President of Nigeria, is like a fantasy. It is unrealistic considering the significant odds that are working against the Igbo. My idea has always been that we must around a conference table agree on how that office – the presidency – should rotate among the ethnic groups grouped into six regions or more. Justice is so basic for the survival of any society. Without justice, you can never have peace and unity. To ensure justice the office of the President should be made to go round.
But don't you think Nigeria's presidents emerge based on merit and not mere rotation?
Some even say rotation is not democratic and they display their ignorance of what democracy means. The foundation of democracy is justice. Without justice, you cannot have democracy. Then, they say you sacrifice merit. And I ask, supposing that you use merit alone and the most meritorious man happens to come from the same ethnic group all the time. What would that be? If the President emerges from one ethnic group, for example, Yoruba, four or five consecutive times, based on merit, this country would blow into pieces. There is not ethnic group in this country that does not have meritorious people. Rotation is the only chance for an Igbo man ever becoming President of Nigeria, given the way political odds are loaded against the Igbo. Apart this, the presidency has to rotate for the country to survive.
Many people have said that the Nigerian Constitution has several flaws. As member of the draft committee that wrote the 1979 Constitution, what can you say is wrong with our Constitution, which is undergoing a review?
That is another area of ignorance. Sometimes, we try to solve issues we don't fully understand. We are doing what I call shadow-boxing. We are pursuing shadows, forgetting the reality. I was a member of the Constitution Drafting Committee set up by the military in 1976. We were called the 49 wise men. And I was the chairman of the sub-committee that drafted Chapter 2. I drafted Chapter 2 and put it before my colleagues in the committee. And it was passed on to the main committee which accepted it. And it became the Chapter 2 of the constitution. The decree setting up the CDC made the chairman of the CDC, and the chairmen of the sub-committees, members of the Constituent Assembly. So, I was a member of the Constituent Assembly, not by virtue of election but by the virtue of the provisions of the decree. The 1979 Constitution was in fact drafted by Chief Rotimi Williams, who was the chairman of the CDC and myself, with the help of other members of the committee. So, I would take a lot of responsibility for the errors in the 1979 Constitution, in terms of content. Much of what we have in the 1999 Constitution is a repetition of the 1979 Constitution. At the time, we thought that the way to achieve one Nigeria, a strong Nigeria, was to concentrate power at the centre. But it turned out that we were misguided. We were filled with enthusiasm and patriotism and we believed that the way to have strong Nigeria, was to make the centre strong. So, we took exactly 50 per cent of the matters in the concurrent list of the 1963 Constitution, and moved them to the exclusive list. The concurrent list contains matters in which the centre (the Federal Government) and the states have jurisdiction, while the exclusive list belongs to the centre alone. We went to the residual matters, meaning matters that are exclusive to the states and took practically 30 per cent to the exclusive list. That was how we got the lopsided federal system that we now have. People talk about the need for true federalism, they are right. What we have is not true federalism. The centre is too strong and it is as a result of the act of myself and my colleagues that led us to this. We were misguided. We thought that was the way to achieve unity. Gen Aguiyi Ironsi made worse mistakes than we made. We thought we could achieve unity by making the centre so strong, he thought he could achieve unity by mere military fiat, abolishing federalism completely and it was called the Unity Decree. He turned the country into a unitary state. We didn't go as far as that, as misguided as we were. When we had a strong centre, it overwhelmingly became the issue and we were trying to achieve eluded us, because in the struggle for the control of the centre, unity vanished. And struggle has been because of the powers and the money that goes with it. So, we lost true federalism politically, we also lost fiscal federalism and we ended up with what we have today. But that is not the issue. The issue is not so much about the content. It is lacking true federalism, yes. But the issue lies outside the provisions of the constitution, it lies in the source of the power of the constitution. Section 1 says the constitution is the supreme law of the land. But what is the source of the authority of the constitution? Is it the National Assembly? Is it the military, which made the 1999 Constitution? By the way, it's a decree; it is a scheduled in a military decree. Is it the imperial power that made the 1960 Constitution? Are they the source of the power of the constitution? This is the issue we have been clamouring for, that there is need for us to join 80 to 85 per cent of countries of the world in recognising the source of authority of the constitution as the people. Nigeria must recognise the people as the constituent power. Government cannot constitute itself, only the people can constitute the state. This is the thing we have not been able to understand in this country. It's not in the National Assembly listing 600 provisions that we should change. That is not the issue. The issue is recognising the source of authority, as the people. And the only way is to have the constitution debated and deliberated upon and agreed on is at a national conference or a constituent assembly and a referendum. A constituent assembly is different from the National Assembly in that it is an assembly specially-elected for the purpose of making the constitution, with the constituent power inherent in the people, as a sovereign people. The National Assembly on the other hand, is elected generally to govern in accordance with the constitution.
Having been involved with several universities both in and outside Nigeria, both as a lecturer and member of Senate, what is your view of the country's educational system and Federal Government's plan to build mega universities?
This is one area of disaster in the country. There is a collapse of standards. I'm wondering where it started. The other day, Obasanjo said Dangote advertised for truck drivers and about six of them were PhD holders, and 600 were master degree holders. Can you imagine that? Do you know about magic schools? They are all over the place. One is in my village. They are called magic schools because they have a relationship with the Joint Admission Matriculation Board. You pay heavily to gain admission, once you are admitted you pass whether you sit for the exam or not. People who go through magic schools come out near illiterates. They can't write any correct sentence in English language. When did all these tragedies begin? Again we can trace it back to the civil war. After the war, which lasted three years, there was a struggle to catch up, especially in the war affected areas of Biafra. People became desperate and it gradually spread to other parts of the country. Today people pay heavily to buy examination papers. The malpractice permeates not only the students, but the teachers and examination bodies. From secondary school, it has entered the tertiary.


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Senn LSC Meeting & Candidate Forum
The Senn High School Local School Council will meet today in Room 115 at the school, located at 5900 N. Glenwood.
The LSC is seeking community participation in revitalizing the Senn Strategic Planning Committee. It welcomes public comments during the meeting, and has scheduled extensive time for community input.
The Senn Strategic Planning Committee began in Summer, 2006, partially as a community response to CPS's locating Rickover Naval Academy into the Senn building. The Committee is a community organization chartered by the LSC whose membership is open to any community members.
In the six years since its founding, the Strategic Planning Committee has had a number of successes. At the meeting, we will recount the history of the Committee to preface the discussion on how to revitalize and recharter the Committee. It is time to create a new Strategic Vision for the new opportunities and challenges facing Senn High School. The agenda is available here: http://tinyurl.com/SennLSCAgenda4-12
In addition, a candidates' forum for the upcoming LSC Elections will be held in Senn Hall prior to the LSC meeting on Thursday from 6:00 to 7:00 pm.
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Tuesday, October 6, 2015
A freighter crew slowly succumbs to the pressure and the numbing boredom imprisoned at sea because they carry a deadly cargo in psychodrama. Because her holds contain toxic materials, the ship Pandora has been banned from all ports for 16 months. Captain Belger is beside himself with frustration for his crew is growing restless and he has received no word or instructions from his employers. Matters grow worse when eco-terrorists assault the ship. Only one female survives. Angrily, Belger imprisons her below. There one of the crazed officers abuses her and eventually she gets gang raped. Meanwhile, Belger begins plotting desperate measures to get rid of the troublesome cargo. He doesn't realize that the embarrassed shipping company has similar designs, only they want to get rid of more than the poison. ~ Sandra Brennan, Rovi


text: Tapa Bracelet by Mara £18$39€26.63$29.61 In stock £6.95$15.06€10.28$11.43 delivery to United States Receive this item 5-10 working days from dispatch International delivery available quantity by Mara Location: Avon, GB read seller's profile see seller's complete range more items from this seller Sirius Bracelet £16$34.67€23.67$26.32 Children's Cloud Nine Bracelet £17$36.83€25.15$27.96 Sky's The Limit Bracelet £17$36.83€25.15$27.96 Precious Stone Bracelet With Sterling Silv... £20$43.34€29.59$32.90 Ovana Locket £17$36.83€25.15$27.96 new Druzy Agate Stone Necklace £32$69.34€47.35$52.64 view all you may also like PRODUCT DETAILS CUSTOMER REVIEWS DELIVERY RETURNS Made in Britain ask seller a question save for later A beaded turquoise stone bracelet. A turquoise stone bracelet with antique gold cube beads. Tiny gold coloured beads decorate the bracelet. The bracelet is finished off with a gold plated lobster clasp. A gold plated extender chain allows you to adjust the length of the bracelet. Turquoise is a healing stone. It attracts friendships, luck and happiness. It also releases shame and guilt. The bracelet comes in a cream organza bag. made from: Gold plated chain, gold plated findings, turquoise stones. dimensions: The bracelet is 17cm long with a 4cm gold plated extender chain. If you require a different length please let me know. product code: 220827 1 customer review Thu 09 Jan 2014 Bought as a gift read about our product rating system ratings guide trusted independent customer feedbackforum excellent bad good poor This product is dispatched to you by Mara. MAINLAND UK order now and receive this item by price Standard Delivery Thursday 15 October £1.75$3.79€2.58$2.87 Tracked Two Day Delivery Tuesday 13 October £5.70$12.35€8.43$9.37 NON-MAINLAND UK estimated delivery price Highlands & Islands of Scotland 2-5 working daysfrom dispatch £1.75$3.79€2.58$2.87 Northern Ireland 2-5 working daysfrom dispatch £1.75$3.79€2.58$2.87 Other UK Islands 2-5 working daysfrom dispatch £1.75$3.79€2.58$2.87 INTERNATIONAL DELIVERY estimated delivery price Western Europe 2-5 working daysfrom dispatch £5.00$10.83€7.39$8.22 Rest of Europe 5-10 working daysfrom dispatch £5.00$10.83€7.39$8.22 USA & Canada 5-10 working daysfrom dispatch £6.95$15.06€10.28$11.43 Asia & Australasia 5-10 working daysfrom dispatch £7.25$15.71€10.72$11.92 Rest of the world 5-14 working daysfrom dispatch £7.25$15.71€10.72$11.92 You have 28 days, from receipt of cancellable goods, to notify the seller if you wish to cancel your order or exchange an item. Please note: goods that are personalised, bespoke or made-to-order to your specific requirements, perishable products and personal items sold with a hygiene seal (cosmetics, underwear) in instances where the seal is broken are non-refundable, unless faulty. Read more about our returns policy.Should you choose to return or exchange your order you will need to deliver the item(s) to the UK, where this seller is based. Mara's return policy


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Beloit, WI -- The Beloit College Baseball team is represented by three players on the D3baseball.com All-Central Region Team, released by the website today.
Senior shortstop Jordan Jaenicke (Bourbonnais, Ill./Bishop McNamara) and senior second baseman Evan Mascitti (Madison, Wis./West) were both named to the First Team while senior left-handed starter Alex Norman (Elburn, Ill./Kaneland) was a Second Team pick.
Jaenicke, a first-time All-MWC selection, was second on the team in hitting with a .333 average and third in RBI's with 30. He led the squad with 41 runs scored, six home runs and a .457 on-base percentage. He finished his career in the top five in five offensive categories, including as the all-time leader in hit-by-pitches with 34. He led the MWC in fielding assists with 156 and was second in the league in runs scored. He was named the team MVP at the end of the season.
Mascitti, a two-time Team Academic Award winner, had the best season of his career with a team-leading .342 average on a team-high 50 hits with 31 runs scored and 18 RBIs. His hit total was sixth in the Conference while he was third in the league with 121 fielding assists. He was also a part of 24 double plays.
Norman, a left-hander who also earned All-MWC honors in 2011, , led the team with seven wins, a 2.19 ERA and 50 strikeouts. His 2.19 ERA was the fourth-best in a single season while his seven victories tied the season record. Career-wise he finishes first in innings pitched, second in wins with 19 and ERA at 2.89, and third in appearances with 41. He led or shared the MWC lead in ERA, innings pitched and wins and was second in strikeouts and strikeouts looking.


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Julbo Run 370 Sunglasses
The Julbo Run 370 Sunglasses are a great pair of sunglasses to have on all your outdoor trips, vacations, and more. These glasses include a Zebra Anti-fog wide lens for exceptional visible light filtering. The polarized 3 lens mounted on an Rx frame gives you glare-free, UV protected vision. There is an anti-reflective coating and an anti-mist treatment on the lenses, to make sure your vision is crystal clear and is not distorted. A shock absorbent grip nose holds your sunglasses in place, whether you're trail running, mountain biking, or hiking outdoors. There are shaped, cut temples and sipe grip tech pads at the ends for a secure fit that does not stick to your hair. Its wrap-around construction also means you get complete coverage and protection from the sun. Get outside on sunny days in comfort with the Julbo Run 370 Sunglasses.


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Re: Aria A553 and Aria AC7
: Hello all..i have an Aria 553, beautifull guitar, very light woodcolors, its sounds really beautifull, the man who sell me this guitar, told me he bouhgt it (used) in 1976.
: How old is this guitar: its has a serialnumber: 01643 made in Japan.
: On this forum i havent see anyone whit this type Aria, the 553.
: And i have an AC7 Concertguitar, also made in Japan, sounds also amazing!
: Even better than the old Yamaha's.
: How old is the AC7?
: Thanks!!
Hi I just read this. I just purchased an Aria A553 Flamenco guitar on ebay for a couple of hundred. It has a few little marks but what a beautiful sound It was made in 1972 solid spruce top and maple sides and back. When Aria first visited the U.S around 1964 it was dissapointing because his guitars were rejected. He returned home and proceeded to improve his Guitars so he improted the best timbers. The serial no of my Guitar is 34819. I realize I would have to pay a couple of thousand to get a better Flamenco Guitar.
Aria AC7
I also have an Aria AC7, serial 147. Pity they don't put the manufacturing date on, would have loved to know when it was made.
aria concert guitars AC-7
Does someone know year and around about worth on a aria concert guitars AC-7, made in japan model number 223 in great shape?
Aria A553
I just picked up a Aria A553 and I'm trying to find the date it was made. The serial no. is 01157. I think it's pre 1970. any help would be appreciated!
Re: Aria A553 and Aria AC7
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In car DAB & CD car radios (23 products)
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Rihanna better run for cover ... because she just made Charlie Sheen's s*** list in the worst way possible -- after rejecting Charlie's request to introduce his fiancee to the singer. Charlie just launched into a tirade on Twitter, describing his sour encounter with Rihanna Wednesday night at the ritzy Giorgio Baldi restaurant in Santa Monica. Charlie said he was there celebrating the birthday of his fiancee Scottine (formerly Brett Rossi) ... and when he found out Rihanna was there too, he sent a request to the singer's table for a meet-and-greet ... because Rossi's a big fan. But Charlie says his request was DENIED -- "there were too many paps outside" -- and now, the Warlock is back with a vengeance. Sheen wrote, "Nice impression you left behind, Bday or not. Sorry we're not KOOL enough to warrant a blessing from the Princess (or in this case the Village idiot)." Then he unloaded on Rihanna's wigged out get-up -- "Halloween isn't for a while. but good on you for testing out your costume in public. it's close; a more muted pink might be the answer, as in: none."
READ MORE: http://www.tmz.com/2014/05/22/charlie-sheen-rihanna-brett-rossi-scotty-giorgio-baldi-rejection/
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USD's mission captures the values that have made it a prominent Catholic university, a vibrant institution of quality higher education, and an Ashoka U Changemaker Campus.
Faculty collaborate one-on-one with undergraduate and graduate students on research, scholarship and creative activity, allowing students to experience the excitement of original discovery.
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More than 1500 full-time and 750 part-time employees worked at USD in 2011, in capacities ranging from faculty to food service to administration to groundskeeper.
From the moment you step on our beautiful campus you can see that USD is exceptional.
|Event Start Date
|Thursday, November 10, 2011
Studio Theatre, Sacred Heart Hall
|Event Start Time
|7:00 pm
|Cost: free
Joins us for this one-man show, which portrays a beautiful portrait of a young gay man and an opinionated woman -- his mother. Both hilarious and heartfelt, this story traces her journey from rejection to acceptance. A critical hit on both sides of the Atlantic, Emmy-nominated writer-performer Jeffrey Solomon plays both mother and son in a performance the Chicago Tribune calls "powerfully personal, yet as universal as family values."
Please RSVP to email@example.com.
Co-Sponsored by the Center for Inclusion & Diversity, LGBTQ Faculty/Staff Association, PRIDE, United Front Multicultural Center, Women's Center and Cropper Center for Creative Writing
|Mayté Pérez-Franco | email@example.com | (619) 260-2395
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Miss Franziska Fay
Magister Artium (Goethe University Frankfurt), MARes/MPhil (SOAS)
Department of Anthropology and Sociology
PhD Student
- Name:
- Miss Franziska Fay
- Email address:
- email@example.com
- Thesis title:
- Contesting the Ordinary: Children's Perspectives on 'Child Protection' in Educational Settings in Zanzibar, Tanzania.
- Year of Study:
- 1st year
Internal Supervisors
Franziska Fay holds a Magister Artium in Educational Science, Swahili and Cultural Anthropology from Goethe University Frankfurt, Germany (2011) and an MARes in Anthropological Research Methods from SOAS, University of London (2013). In her past research she engaged with German development aid in the sector of education in emergencies and with alternative education programmes in Malawi.
PhD Research
My research examines children's perspectives on current 'child protection' efforts in Zanzibar, Tanzania. Violent behaviour towards children has been identified as part of ordinary life in the archipelago. Save the Children and Zanzibar's government are developing a child protection system that aims at eliminating violence in educational settings. Such efforts are often based on a moral Western notion of childhood and international standards like the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child and thereby tend to neglect local social norms. Many Zanzibaris consider the participatory and child-agency focused approach a "corrupting Western concept" that leads children to misbehave and appoints an uncommon role to Zanzibari children who traditionally do not outspokenly engage with adults. I argue that children's perspectives are vital for improving child protection measures but yet remain neglected. Therefore I suggest thinking about child protection first in regard to children, and then in its political and philosophical terms. My project will contribute to bodies of literature in the anthropology of childhood and education, and the anthropologies of development, modernity and the body.
PhD Conferences
- 'Implementing Child Protection: Contesting (Universalized) Notions of Childhood, Violence and Authority', General Conference of the European Consortium for Political Research, Science Po Bordeaux, France, September 2013.
- Save the Children (Zanzibar).


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great if you like gormorand fragrances
it is a sensual chocolate drydown with a lot of staying power and a HUGE sillage monster so its loved by some and hated by others, but nontheless it is a very original fragrance
the best thing i like about this one is that no matter how strange the beginning may be, it becomes much better as it begins to dry down and work on your skin and the scent is only better and better as time goes on. This drydown is in fact so heavily copied, with the best sensual patchouli chocolate caramel which contains great notes including touch of vanilla, coffee and tobacco and lots of good woods and florals to tie it all into the mix
I personally would recommend this if you are a chocolate person, but if u want more understated types of fragrances its really not for you
22nd February, 2012
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Cristoforo Colombo
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|Pasted tables-a poor woman's display folder
|Written by Cathy Dumas
|Saturday, 11 February 2012 22:20
One limitation of the tabular model is that display folders are not supported. Another limitation of the tabular model is that you cannot add simple aggregation measures (sum, average, etc) on the fly in pivot tables in Excel. Because all aggregations must be pre-defined in your model, the number of measures in your fact table quickly proliferates. Since neither Power View nor Excel support search in the field list for tabular models, it rapidly becomes hard to find measures in the field list when there are many different facts in your model, and the field list becomes unusable. What to do?Read more...


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"Mark has undergone a minor surgical procedure following a scan on Monday," said Wales team physio Mark Davies.
"He is ruled out of contention for this weekend's game, but is expected to make a speedy return to action."
Injuries have seriously undermined Wales' Six Nations title defence and they end the season without 11 key players, including six of last summer's British & Irish Lions.
Caretaker coach Scott Johnson insists he is a "glass half-full man" and attempts to put a positive spin on the catalogue of injuries by declaring it will leave Wales in a much stronger position at the World Cup.
But the immediate affects have been painful. A year ago Wales sparked the mother of all parties with a Grand Slam-sealing victory over Ireland.
This Saturday, if they lose to France and Italy beat Scotland, then Wales could end their title defence with the wooden spoon.
Defence coach Clive Griffiths admitted this week: "Last year we had all the luck and all the play. This year we have had disastrous luck with injuries.
"It's not our year. It would have been a magnificent achievement to have back-to-back Grand Slams or championships.
"Last year does seem a long time ago. But that's sport - you only have to look what's happened with English cricket.
"They have had the highs of the Ashes and now they are experiencing the lows in Pakistan and India. It's after the Lord Mayor's Ball. It happens."


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Extreme Teens
Quest Federal Credit Union Extreme Teens Club is for teens ages 13-18.
The Extreme Teens club consists of:
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From: Megan Howard
Dear Friend,
If you are really interested and want to know everything you you really need to know about raising and keeping ferrets as a pet then this may just be the most important information you'll ever read on the subject…
That's Because:
Over the last 15 years I have been caring for and have raised several baby ferrets into adulthood. In that time I have discovered how to give ferrets everything they need to be the healthiest, happiest and most fun loving ferrets ever possible. The payback I got from this was years and years of continuous love and affection and hours upon hours of laughter and entertainment from my fun loving fur balls.
My Mom and Dad bought me my first pet ferret when I was 7 years old. I have to say my first experiences with 'Sid' were mixed and sometimes stressful. He would bite so hard at times and would have a musky smell about him, even though I kept him really clean and his bedding tidy.
A few years later I started to learn more about keeping ferrets and discovered more and more about these fun loving fur balls. By the time I was about 17, I had pretty much got over all of the problems and by then, had owned three ferrets. But that was 10 years later! I am happy to say that the ferrets I have now and have kept for the last 5 years or more, do not cause me an ounce of trouble, in fact its quite the opposite.
In the last few years I decided to take the secrets I had discovered; along with several months of additional research from professional ferret breeders, vets and enthusiasts alike and compile all this knowledge into one new eBook called "Raising Sammy" – The Ultimate Ferret Care Guide.. Who's Sammy I here you say?….Well he's my cute 18 month old cinnamon Ferret who I decided to dedicate the book to, as I was putting it all together.
What's amazing about the information in this book, is that it covers everything you need or would want to know about buying and raising your ferret as well as health and care, plus much more…
Just imagine knowing how to give your pet ferret, the best possible start to life, the best ongoing care, love and affection all in 7 days (or less) without you or your ferret becoming stressed and without you becoming disappointed about your new family member.
And you can do this all from the comfort of your own home, possibly even without getting out of the chair you are currently sat in! – How GOOD is that?
Yes you can have the Healthiest, Happiest and most Fun Loving Ferret ever! It truly is possible, but you just need to know how.
That was the sole purpose of of writing this brand new and amazing eBook on ferret care – SO….
You See!
Every bit of this knowledge crammed 'Ferret Care Training Companion' is packed with all the information on caring for your pet ferret and it took over 1 year to research, gather the data and compile it into this amazing new book.
But 1st let me ask you…
- Do you want to know how you can correct almost any of your ferret's behavioral issues?
- Are you completely fed up of cleaning up after your fur ball?
- Are you concerned that you baby seems lethargic or sleeps too much, appears weak or doesn't seem to be eating as much?
- Are you TOTALLY, I mean 100% confident that you are feeding your little guy (or gal) the best, healthiest and wholesome foods. If not, then you could be seriously affecting your pet's health!
- Do you wish you could stop your little one from nipping or biting? Those little needle like teeth really hurt don't they?
If you have answered YES to the majority of the above questions then get ready for the best and easiest most fun week of revelation!
- Ferret History…. In Chapter 1 you will learn why ferrets have been one of man's (and woman's) favourite companion for over 2500 years. You will also discover the slightly darker side to the beloved ferret and how they have been used over the centuries to carry out some illegal stuff!
- Absolute Ferret Essentials are Discussed in Chapter 2…Knowing what are essential supplies, where to get them and having them in the house before you bring your energetic bundle of joy home is guaranteed to make your life — as well as the transition for the new guy — a lot easier.
- Time to Get Serious!… It's here in Chapter 3 that I talk about how to handle your new guy . . . how to go about getting to know him better — without scaring the bejeebers out of him and without you getting inadvertently clawed or bits.You'll also learn in this chapter just how easy it is to groom a ferret yourself. If you don't have the money or the time for a professional groomer, you'll soon discover how to be the expert at keeping your ferret the handsome devil he views himself to be.
- Chapter 4 is devoted to your ferret's nutritional needs. We'll discuss his diet and how extremely important this is to his quality of life, his chances of longevity and his overall optimistic energetic outlook on life.I have to warn you, right up front, that the ferret you're considering adopting does have a few nutritional requirements that perhaps other pets don't have. But, don't worry. If you know about these at the very beginning, then you won't have any trouble handling this guy's diet.
Find out how you can significantly increase your ferret's lifespan, by following an amazingly simple breakthrough in diet and nutrition.
- Before you make any decision on your ferret. You need to decide on how many ferrets you'll adopt together. Are you planning on just adopting one? Or have you been talked into taking two, because you've been told they'll be happier? – Let me tell you what you need to consider.
- Stop your ferret from biting for good! With these 7 easy to follow steps, that you will find simple and fun to learn.
- Build a long lasting and deeply fulfilling relationship with your ferret. What if I could show you how your ferret shows affection and how you can use this knowledge to build a truly amazing bond with your beloved pet?
- Much, Much More…
But that's not all… Because the above is just a small fraction of the detailed information that you'll discover in this jam packed eBook, which you can download in less than 5 minutes and be reading in the comfort of your own home in less time than it takes to make a cup of tea
ABSOLUTELY – I am so confident that you will not only love this book, you will find it invaluable and a resource you will refer back to time and time again.
Like most pets/animals, ferrets too have their own secret language and having a better understanding of this will open up a whole new world and build a relationship you never thought possible.
You need to know how to set-up your ferret's living space, this is a crucial need for the healthiest of ferrets as they spend an awful lot of time in there.
If you like what you have read so far then here's what you need to do…
You can get your hands on this eBook in 5 minutes(or less) by ordering your copy securely through Click Bank, just follow the order link below
Lets be honest here…You could have someone go out and spend hundreds of hours doing research for you, gathering information, interviewing the professionals, and it wouldn't even get close to the amount of information that's been crammed into this eBook…
And that alone would cost you an arm and a leg…
Because you see…This isn't some off the wall pieced together eBook!
But best of all…This eBook "Raising Sammy" – The Ultimate Ferret Care Guide is written in plain, easy to understand English (Meaning, you won't find any overly complicated technical jargon here) – It's written to be dead-easy to read and understand, and it's laid out so you can easily follow it.
But my best news of all is that, because you have made it to this point and I know I can sometimes go on a bit, I wanted to make you an irresistible offer.
Because I have just completed this book and will be publishing it to Amazon in the near future at double the price…. I am selling the first 500 copies as 'downloadable' eBooks that you can read in Adobe Acrobat at a massive discount.
The normal price for "Raising Sammy" – The Ultimate Ferret Care Guide is $45.95, but if you order online TODAY, it is yours, absolutely RISK FREE at the massively discounted price of £14.95
Yes you read right…That's just a fraction of what it's really worth and what it cost to put this eBook together (Countless hours interviewing experts, doing research, and double checking to make sure that the information included is the most cutting edge up to date information there is).
Why am I making this so affordable? Simple, because you see…Since it's a digital eBook my costs to deliver it to you are lower, compared to if I had to actually print it out (Which would raise the costs to around $45).
This is an eBook (Electronic Book) that you can download to your computer within minutes (Usually less than 5 minutes).
What this means to you is that you can get your hands on this latest "no holds barred" information about Raising and Caring for Ferrets and start within less than 5 minutes.
But listen…
Even if you think that this is the bargain of a life time…And honestly, I will have to raise the price from $14.95 to at least $37. Once a few more overly satisfied customers email me with their testimonials (feed back).
That's right!…I will raise the price to $37, and honestly I have to – Because the demand to get this information at such a massive discount is growing so fast that I am going to have to stop giving it away at this price real soon.
So if you want to order now you can save yourself some money.
You can order quickly and easily that will take you less than 5 minutes by following the link right below.
"Raising Sammy" – The Ultimate Ferret Care Guide is a TOTALLY RISK FREEcomplete bargain particularly when you consider the secrets you'll discover in this amazing new eBook.
Now I don't want you to worry…Because if for any reason you're not 100% happy and in love with this eBook, then I give you a 100% RISK-FREE money back guarantee – That's how convinced I am that you will be completely satisfied with your purchase!!.
Here's something else I'll do for you to make this the best investment you'll ever make when it comes to Ferret Care and Ownership.
I'm going to include a super free bonus that is worth almost as much as the eBook itself.
Here's the bonus that you'll also get:
Value $19.97
Fred Acker has been keeping Ferrets for years and can be considered an authority on the subject. In this FREE book you will learn:
NOW! as I said earlier I have only allocated 500 copies to be sold at the discounted price and these are going real quick and at last count we had gone well past the halfway mark!
To be absolutely honest, I do not know when they will have all gone. My purchasing system will just automatically switch to the new price when the 500 copies have all been sold.
That could be next week, tomorrow or you may have even missed it already? I really can't say, but last time I checked there were still some left at this price. So don't wait get in there now while you can!
Hopefully you are beginning to see how valuable this package is? With the addition of the bonus you'll know pretty much everything there is to know about keeping ferrets FULL STOP!
But truthfully…I'm not sure how long I can keep this bonus here for as its a deal I have with the writer who may ask me to take it down at any time!
Here's the deal:
For just $14.95 (A fraction of what the professionals cost me to put this book together) – You'll get more "no-fluff" information than you can handle – PLUS more. But also keep in mind that this is the only place you can get your hands on this product right now (You can instantly download it).
Sincerely ,
P.S. Remember, you're getting "Raising Sammy" – The Ultimate Ferret Care Guide – PLUS The "Super Bonus" worth $19.97 , that's over $65 in value that you'll get for just:
Just click the "Buy Now" Button below and you can order securely through Click Bank.
P.P.S. Also remember that you're covered by my 100% no questions asked money back guarantee.