text:
Shields, Lowry and Beschloss
[Sorry, the video for this story has expired, but you can still read the transcript below. ]
- Online NewsHour Special Reports: The Samuel Alito Nomination
- The Harriet Miers Nomination
- Testing Press Privilege in the CIA Leak Case
- Iraq in Transition
- Oct. 28, 2005: Columnists discuss the Libby indictment and Harriet Miers' withdrawal as a candidate for the Supreme Court.
- Oct. 27, 2005: Two Senate Judiciary Committee members discuss Miers' decision to withdraw and the next step for the White House.
JIM LEHRER: Now, the analysis of Shields, Lowry, and Beschloss: Syndicated columnist Mark Shields, National Review editor Rich Lowry, and presidential historian Michael Beschloss.
JIM LEHRER: Rich, do you agree with your fellow and sister conservatives that the Alito nomination is a really good thing?
RICH LOWRY: I do. Bush realized he made a real mistake with the Miers nomination, and the first thing you do when you've driven yourself into a ditch the way he did with that nomination is start climbing out. And that's what he did by shifting course last week and nominating Alito.
And the fact is when you're hated by so much of the left, as Bush is, there's no way you can govern effectively if your own base is divided. And that's what he was looking at if he had persisted in the Miers nomination, so just in political terms this was a very wise choice.
JIM LEHRER: Is it correct to say that what this is really about is abortion?
RICH LOWRY: It's not entirely about abortion. But it's part of it. I mean, that's part of the basket of issues that conservatives for 30 years have thought the Supreme Court has swerved off course on. And, you know, this is a key issue to the entire conservative coalition is having justices who they think can be trusted to interpret the Constitution as it was written and intended and not legislate from the bench one way or the other, whether it's from the right or from the left.
JIM LEHRER: Mark, how do you read this? This is being couched as the conservatives — Rich is saying it's more to it than that. But others are saying that a simple case of the conservatives saying, hey, if Roe v. Wade comes before the Supreme Court and Alito is on that court, he will vote to overrule it.
MARK SHIELDS: I think that's absolutely true, Jim. I think with both sides —
JIM LEHRER: With Harriet Miers they weren't so sure.
MARK SHIELDS: They couldn't say that with Harriet Miers. With both sides what you have is the equivalent in popular conversation of saying it's not the money, it's the principle. It's the money. They say it's not a litmus test. It's a litmus test. It's a litmus test on both sides. It's a litmus test for the liberals and it's a litmus test for the conservatives.
I mean, I think in Judge Alito, the conservative and neo conservative punditocracy which collectively throttled the nomination of Harriet Miers and denied her the up or down vote, we've been told to cherish and the fair hearing we've been told everybody is guaranteed to, are thrilled. I mean, they're applauding. They're pleased because they have got somebody with gravitas, they've got somebody with a major mind and somebody that they feel very comfortable with, and all of which is understandable.
And in addition what he brings is something that Antonin Scalia does not have and that is he has got a personality and a judicial temperament that I think they're confident could persuade other judges to go with him.
JIM LEHRER: So where does this leave the Democrats, Mark?
MARK SHIELDS: I think we're seeing just the total opposite. The Democrats, whose strategy was to rope a dope, go mute, when Harriet Miers was there, now they realize they have to come out swinging.
And so they came out today and realized that the only way they're going to raise any questions about this man is on substance. And they raised questions on some of the decisions that he had cast when he had been in the minority and been overturned by the Supreme Court.
He said that the Congress on the question of the Family and Medical Leave Act — which he questioned whether Congress had the authority to extend that to states, whether Congress had the authority to outlaw machine guns.
JIM LEHRER: Rich, do you see this battle over Alito becoming the big fight that everybody was expecting first over Roberts and then over whoever the second nominee was going to be? Is it going to happen now? The Democrats are really going to come out and we're going to have a big fight?
RICH LOWRY: That's certainly the way it looks. Let me give a brief thought in defense of conservatives on Miers. You know, part of the White House spin, an attempt to sell Miers to the right, was she will vote the right way on Roe. I mean, they almost said that explicitly and publicly.
And you had conservatives saying, no, sorry, that's not enough. This is a serious institution. You need someone who has serious qualifications for it. And you also need someone who has a cogent and discernible philosophical approach to interpreting the entire Constitution so just a result is not enough.
But on the fight, yes, I think this is Armageddon that both sides have been gearing up for and how it plays out, hard to say. It looks as though Republicans will have the votes. If he is as impressive as he seems to be and if Mark is correct and he is a personable presence at the hearing the way John Roberts was, which will take a lot of that edge off the attacks on him on civil rights and abortion because he won't be so threatening.
JIM LEHRER: Okay. Now, Michael, this comes — this nominee today — this nomination today comes in a context of the president having a lot of problems.
MICHAEL BESCHLOSS: He's not had a great couple of months —
JIM LEHRER: He's not had a great couple of months. What does history show about the president in the kind of situation that he is in doing something like this, taking a step like this and in terms of digging out or whatever cliché we want to use?
MICHAEL BESCHLOSS: That's a pretty good one.
JIM LEHRER: Okay.
MICHAEL BESCHLOSS: I think, you know, if you're looking at just this nomination, it gives you a big insight into George Bush. Other presidents in trouble might have said I've got to widen my appeal; I've got to get people believing in me again.
What he is saying is look at the two big political crises I've had in the last five, six years. One was after he lost the New Hampshire primary to John McCain in 2000 by 18 percent, he clung to his base. He revved them up, went into South Carolina and they saved him.
The same thing happened in the election just a year ago. In the fall of 2004 many people were giving George Bush up for dead. He said, you know, I don't have to have a big margin of victory but I have to get my conservatives out and voting and energized and they saved him.
So his natural instinct at a time like this is not to go for a more centrist nominee but to someone who's a name brand conservative like Alito.
JIM LEHRER: But is this, the politics of that aside, in terms of, what does history tell us about the ability of any president to reemerge from where — from being as down as the president is right now in terms of the polls and Iraq and we've got — and of course the leak investigation — all kinds of other things.
MICHAEL BESCHLOSS: They bounce back. You know, Ronald Reagan is probably the best example of this, George Bush's hero. In March of 1987, he was really on the ropes. At the time of the Iran-Contra scandal he gave a speech saying– it was a wonderful line — he said to Americans, if you have lived your life properly, of course you'll make mistakes. You'll learn from them. You change and you go forward. And Reagan's poll ratings went up as a result of that.
But that's very much unlike George Bush. We know from seeing him as president, he is someone who does not like to admit mistakes, sees it as a sign of weakness, so it's hard to imagine him doing that kind of thing even if he felt that that would help.
JIM LEHRER: Mark, where do you see this as a recuperation move?
MARK SHIELDS: I think it shows the president is willing to have a fight, which I he's going to have one —
JIM LEHRER: You mean with the Democrats.
MARK SHIELDS: That's right. But it's a fight that he has a real chance of winning. So I think that he's picked this fight.
Just to pick up on what Michael said, I think the capacity of the American people for forgiveness is near infinite.
MICHAEL BESCHLOSS: Yeah, amazing.
MARK SHIELDS: I mean it's not simply John Kennedy saying success has many failures and failure is an orphan, taking full responsibility after the fiasco and failure of the Bay of Pigs but it is Bill Clinton after a totally embarrassing episode, humiliating; it is Ronald Reagan after Iran-Contra.
But George Bush, I mean, this is an administration that the mea culpa has not been easily spoken — or ever spoken. During the campaign, he was asked — say one thing you would have done differently — one mistake you have made — no.
I just think that one of the problems a president has is that even Lyndon Johnson in the darkest, darkest moments of Vietnam had around him people like Clark Clifford and Mike Mansfield, the Senate majority leader and George Gall, the undersecretary of state, all of whom were telling him he was wrong on Vietnam, disagreeing with him, and making the case against him.
And this is not a White House that has welcomed or encouraged dissent.
JIM LEHRER: Let me ask Rich about that.
Rich, a lot of folks are saying, Mr. President, clean house, meaning the White House. This is terrific. Alito is terrific but you have to do more. Where do you come down on that?
RICH LOWRY: Well, it probably could use a freshening up. I think in any White House an ossification kind of sets in after four or five years, especially when you have the same kind of central players. But Bush certainly isn't going to do it in any way that looks like a panic move.
I think the most important thing is his agenda. And if you look at Clinton, he proved that substance trumps scandal. And Clinton was dealing with a scandal that had a lot more sex appeal I think than this leak scandal.
But the problem Bush has if he goes to substance, where is his substantive and popular agenda. It's very hard to see. And if you would generalize about Clinton after 1994 you'd say Clinton governed on the basis of small popular things.
If you look at the second term of Bush so far, you'd say he's trying to govern on the basis of big unpopular things. The Iraq war — even if you think it's necessary and right, unpopular; Social Security apparently unsalable, very unpopular and now dead. So he really needs to retool his agenda and get whoever is necessary to help him do that on the inside.
JIM LEHRER: Michael?
MICHAEL BESCHLOSS: But, you know, another thing is that, you know, we look at the precedents: people like Nixon and Reagan and Clinton how they dealt with crisis and scandal. They were all dealing with Congresses that were owned by the opposition.
George Bush can fairly say, you know, I've got both Houses of Congress at least at the moment. That gives me some power that these other presidents did not have. So I think his temptation to do the kind of thing that Rich is talking about is probably fairly low.
The other thing that was fascinating today, Scooter Libby obviously resigned. Dick Cheney replaced him and he replaced him not with someone new from the outside as all the pundits have been saying but with two people who were already on the staff. It was almost his way of saying, this is what I think of all this advice to change my staff.
JIM LEHRER: Yeah.
MARK SHIELDS: One difference between Clinton and Bush in this sense — and I agree with Rich's point — is that Bill Clinton did the difficult thing in the first term. That was the budget balancing and he increased taxes. That's when he took the hit and that's when the '94 elections.
George Bush did the easy things in the first term. He had three tax cuts. Now — I mean, Clinton in the second term could —
JIM LEHRER: Iraq was a difficult thing.
MARK SHIELDS: Well, but it was a mistake. We can say it was a mistake now. But it wasn't a difficult thing to do at the time.
JIM LEHRER: Oh, I got you.
MARK SHIELDS: It wasn't against public opinion. And I mean Clinton reaped the benefits of the balanced budget, the first balanced budget in 30 years in his second term so it gave him the latitude.
I mean, Bush doesn't have many resources right now to take many initiatives.
JIM LEHRER: That's your point too, Rich. There's no place for him to go and get something popular to get out there and hustle, right? RICH LOWRY: Well, he can find things. I mean one of them is following on from Mark's point is trying to clean up the fiscal house in Washington and get the spending and pork barrel projects under control in Congress. Now it's easier said than done but it's at least a project that would be notionally popular; simplifying the tax code — something else that would be popular; reforming the immigration system in a way that controls the border better — that's something that would be popular.
So he would have to try to position himself again as a reformer, which again is difficult when you've been in office for five years. And it will also be nice if he could find some upbeat kind of things to emphasize because the news, it's almost a biblical wave of bad news that he's suffered, you know, between terror attacks and floods and fires and now we have the pestilence covered with the avian flu.
You know, next it's going to be locusts. So if he could find economic numbers or something to be upbeat and positive about, that would be important as well.
JIM LEHRER: One second.
MICHAEL BESCHLOSS: He can do all of this until the cows come home but what history says is unless Americans feel better about this war, he's going to have a ball and chain chained to his ankle.
Harry Truman, otherwise pretty popular, Lyndon Johnson the same, they were dragged down completely by unpopular wars.
RICH LOWRY: I agree with that.
JIM LEHRER: All right. Thank you all three.
MARK SHIELDS: I agree too.
JIM LEHRER: Do you really?


text:
Posted: Wednesday, February 6, 2013 12:26 PM
Hi. My name is Bella. I am here today offering a sensual body rub that is so guaranteed to relax and satisfy you. And today I am training a new girl. She is a sexy indian. We are located in Midtown Manhattan in a clean and cozy apartment. Call us at 212 470 0676 for more info. No emails please.
• Location: East 40's, Manhattan, Midtown East
• Post ID: 36804804 newyork

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Re: Buy but when?ItsTrue13 May 4, 2014 7:07 PM (in response to Wiktorjor2001)
You should buy Iit closer to the release, I plan to upgrade from 360 to One just because I think its gonna be a better overall game on the next gen consoles.
Re: Buy but when?ChestSplittah May 4, 2014 10:29 PM (in response to Wiktorjor2001)
Huh? The games will release at the same time, in NOVEMBER!
Re: Buy but when?Wiktorjor2001 May 5, 2014 9:45 AM (in response to ChestSplittah)
I'm buying ps4 in 2015 while cod aw is released in 2014
Re: Buy but when?ChestSplittah May 5, 2014 8:17 PM (in response to Wiktorjor2001)
They say.. Which really means nothing going off of their public statements for the past 3 years. That it will be superior on the PS4/XBox1.
Re: Buy but when?phxs72 May 6, 2014 5:17 AM (in response to ChestSplittah)
The old gens will be a port done by a separate company but you know that they are going to have to build everything on the new gen without going too far so that the old gen will be able to run it. So I doubt that the new gen version will be much different than the old gen as well. I will be getting it on the PS4 though since, I'm already on the PS4.
Re: Buy but when?ZionG Jun 24, 2014 11:27 AM (in response to Wiktorjor2001)
Hello, this reply is a little late, but I thought I could give you my opinions. Personally, I am purchashing the game for the PS3 because I cannot afford (and don't want to) pay for a PS subscription, but if you are getting a PS4 before or after the launch of Call of Duty: Advanced Warfare, I would wait for the purchase. But if you want to play it on launch day, you could EMail Sledgehammer games and ask them if they are going to offer a console transition price (similer to the $9.99 offer that Infinityward offered in Call of Duty: Ghosts). But I highly doubt that offer due to the fact the PS4 has been out for a while. I know that I have been ranting, but I wanted to give my advice on the purchasing of a new console for the new Call of Duty.


text:
Wynd Double Dresser with Mirror
Seamlessly integrate the Wynd Double Dresser (with Mirror) by Doimo / YumanMod into your modern bedroom with its classic, contemporary design and warm, neutral color. This modern dresser features a simple design that's enhanced with the appearance of real wood and a beautiful cherry wood finish. Thick, durable drawers are subtly accented by solid wood drawer handles while high quality construction ensures strength and stability. If its charming, contemporary, high quality design isn't enough, the Wynd Double Dresser (with Mirror) also provides everyday function with six drawers for abundant storage space. The three drawers on the right are smaller than the three on the left, adding versatile storage space and extra aesthetic appeal
- (6) drawer design for ample storage space
- Solid wood drawer pulls
- Optional mirror may be included for an additional cost
- Cherry wood finish & thick, durable faux-wood drawers
- Levelers on feet compensate for uneven floors
- High-quality & sturdy craftsmanship
Dresser: 67"w x 21.75"d x 34.75"h, 286lbs
Mirror: 51.25"w x 1.5"d x 45.25"h, 81lbs
Dresser: 67"w x 21.75"d x 34.75"h, 286lbs
Mirror: 51.25"w x 1.5"d x 45.25"h, 81lbs
- (1) Wynd Double Dresser
- (1) Wynd Double Dresser Mirror (Optional)
LTL Freight (Truck) with Inside Delivery
- Assembly Required
The Wynd Double Dresser with Mirror is manufactured by Doimo / YumanMod.
This item may also be referenced as CR53524, CR53544.
This item may also be referenced as CR53524, CR53544.
One year against manufacturer defects
1-877-224-6663 or 973-276-0444
Copyright 2003-2015 by Evofurniture, LLC. All rights reserved.


text:
Equine Couture MacKenzie AP Saddle Pad
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Hufnagel Electric
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26 Diebold Rd(412) 771-9473
Mckees Rocks, PA 15136
Mckees Rocks, PA 15136
Contact: Hufnagel, Dave or Jason
Business Description: Hufnagel Electric LLC has been in business since 2004 and our electricians have over 60 years of combined electrical experience and trouble-shooting knowledge, which in turn save us time and you money. Hufnagel Electric's mission is to provide you with quality electrical expertise and reassure our customers with our limited-life time warranty on electrical work performed. Hufnagel Electric pledges that no task will be too small to merit our attention. Hufnagel Electric is a full service electrical maintenance company that can provide year round service in any weather and at any time of the day or night. We can provide an electrical plan to guide our customers through new home construction or a load center upgrade in an existing home. Whether you are looking to add a new load center or sub-panel, replace old light fixtures and ceiling fans, revitalize your existing landscape lighting for the up coming holidays, or just add a new approach to your home with a lighted walkway, Hufnagel Electric can provide you with an electrical design to fit your budget and your property size and style. Additional contact: Jason Hufnagel.
Services: Ceiling Fans, Drywall, Electrician, Gas Leak Repair, Handyman Service, Heating & Air Conditioning/hvac, Home Automation, Outdoor Lighting, Lighting, Landline Phone Service, Phone Wiring, Solar Panels, Water Heaters
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On Angie's List Since: 6/6/2010
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text:
ABC (ended 2014)
Very disappointed the one and only time they could go out as themselves and missed the chance.
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text:
Peppery Shrimp
- 1/4 cup minced celery
- 1/4 cup minced shallot
- 1/4 cup chopped parsley
- 1/4 cup Dijon mustard
- 1/4 cup plus 1 tsp extra-virgin olive oil
- 1/4 cup white wine vinegar
- 3 tsp red pepper flakes (or more, to taste)
- 1/2 tsp salt
- 2 lb large shrimp, peeled and deveined, tails intact
Shake all ingredients except 1 tsp oil in a resealable plastic bag. Refrigerate 4 to 6 hours. Drain with a sieve; shake off excess marinade. Heat remaining 1 tsp oil in a large skillet over medium heat. Cook shrimp in single-layer batches until pink, about 3 to 5 minutes, shaking pan to turn shrimp. Serve warm or at room temperature.
Epicurious.com © Condé Nast Digital, Inc. All rights reserved.


text:
Saturday, March 3, 2012
© Copyright 2015 Albany Herald
MILLEDGEVILLE — Stacey Butler was on his knees, his head buried in his hands, his heart broken.
But that's not the image they will take with them back to Mitchell County, not after this one — not after the way the Eagles stood up to Lanier County in the Elite 8 round of the Class A state playoffs Friday at the Centennial Center at Georgia College and State University.
"I just wanted one more second, one more second,'' said Mitchell County assistant coach Derex Woumnm after he watched his team fall to Lanier County, 45-44, in a game that left tears on the court.
Tears and kids, fell to the floor when Butler's final shot skipped off the rim. Joquil Chester followed up the long rebound after the miss and tossed up a prayer at the buzzer, but his game-saver betrayed him.
"I didn't get a clear look at the basket, but I thought it was going in,'' said Butler of his runner from about 10 feet out. "I shot a little early to give us a chance to get a rebound, but when I let it go I thought it was going in. I gave it enough arc to (bank in), but it just fell short.''
Then he paused, his eyes still red from tears.
"It hurts, it really hurts to lose like that,'' Butler said. "Nobody thought we could beat them. They beat us by one point, but I don't think they are one point better. I just can't believe it's the end …"
Butler's drive with 3:41 left in the game gave Mitchell its first lead of the night in a game that many thought was over at the end of the first quarter.
It wasn't.
It didn't end until the two teams had swapped the lead five times in the final two minutes. It didn't end until the Eagles had surprised everyone in Georgia — but themselves — with a gritty and inspired comeback against a Lanier team — ranked No. 5 in the state — many think will win the state title.
"Those were men out there,'' Woumnm said, referring to Lanier's physical size and bulk that intimidates everyone. The Bulldogs aren't just 6-foot-6, 6-5 and 6-4 up front, they are built like linebackers and looked even bigger against Mitchell's small, but fast, lineup.
"Nobody gave us a chance to beat the No. 5 team in the state," Woumnm said. "But we could have beaten them. We had our chances and just fell short. That's why it hurts so much. I am so proud of the way my kids fought and came back."
And it was quite the comeback, considering the Eagles' dreadful start.
Mitchell missed its first 15 shots and was down 14-2 after the first quarter, scoring on a couple of Dequan Williams' free throws. Early on, Lanier was faster and bigger — much, much bigger — and killing Mitchell on the boards, and it looked like a rout was about to take place.
"When they jumped out like that I told the kids if we just keep fighting we can win the game,'' Woumnm said. "I told them we would get the opportunity; we would have a chance to win the game.''
They believed him.
After trailing 21-10 at halftime, Mitchell's pressure started getting to Lanier and the Eagles forced five consecutive turnovers in the final three minutes of the third quarter and rushed their way back into the game, down just 31-27 after three.
The Eagles caught Lanier when Bruce Bryant made a steal and zipped a pass to Butler, who dropped in a 35-35 tie with 4:15 left, and a large crowd from Mitchell (they brought five busloads of fans) were on their feet believing the comeback would reach fruition.
In the end, free throws killed both teams, but Mitchell paid the price, missing four free throws in the final 2:36 of the game that might have sealed it.
Butler gave Mitchell the 38-37 lead and the Eagles pushed it to 42-39 when Williams, who scored 19 points to lead the way, made a steal and a drive with 1:30 left.
Lanier (26-4) climbed back in by making two of four free throws to close to 42-41, and when Bryant missed two free throws with 1:02 left, it left the door open for Lanier.
Teddy Somolo hit two free throws with 55 seconds left to lift Lanier to a 43-42 lead, but Mitchell snapped right back and Williams hit a drive to give Mitchell its final lead of the game — 44-43 with 47 seconds left.
Lanier's Malick Kone missed two free throws with 40 seconds left, but Emmanuel Ezoua, who led Lanier with 19 points and 15 rebounds, grabbed the rebound and — after being fouled — he dropped in two free throws with 38 seconds left to give Lanier a 45-44 lead.
Mitchell ran a perfect play and Butler found Daron Hodges inside by himself, but Hodges' shot skipped away and Lanier's Junior Gnonkonde grabbed the rebound. Gnonkonde missed two free throws with 8.2 seconds left and Butler fought off two bigger players to grab the rebound.
Woumnm called a timeout with 5.6 seconds left to run a play to win it. Butler raced ahead and found an open spot on the floor and fired what looked like a shot to shake Camilla, but it skipped away.
"We fought. We fought. We fought,'' Woumnm said afterward. "I'm so proud of my kids, so proud. They are hurting for this loss, and I'm hurting. I never doubted that they would fight back. The way they came back … I really wanted this so bad.''
So did everyone in Camilla, where this story will grow and grow. And when they talk about the comeback that fell just short, Butler knows the secret that kept Mitchell going all night.
"It's our heart,'' he said. "That's what brought us back. We have heart. We just fell short."
Momof3 3 years, 7 months ago
Y'all did an AWESOME job this year. You are a wonderful coach and mentor to those boys!
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- GHSA CLASS A STATE TOURNAMENT ROUNDUP: Mitchell County's boys, girls advance to Elite 8 ( March 1, 2012 )
- Mitchell boys, girls sweep rival Pelham in 1-A duel ( February 5, 2011 )
- Mitchell Madness ( February 21, 2012 )
- GHSA BOYS STATE TOURNAMENT ROUNDUP: Mitchell's boys soar into second round of state ( February 26, 2012 )
- Mitchell County's Elite ( March 2, 2012 )


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With a new route launching in less than two weeks, Air Seychelles is now offering tickets from Hong Kong to the island paradise of Seychelles for just $663 (HKD 5139) round-trip, including taxes and surcharges.These special fares save at least 37% off what other full-service flight carriers cost and are valid throughout summer.
Seychelles is an island country made up of 115 islands in the Indian Ocean and is famous for its unspoiled beaches, numerous nature reserves and two UNESCO World Heritage Sites. It's frequented by royals and celebs, and was where England's Prince William and Kate spent their honeymoon.
Valid for departures from Hong Kong on Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays starting from March 24, 2013. Flights depart from Seychelles on Tuesdays, Thursdays and Sundays.
Available until sold out.
Blackout dates: December 22-25 & 29-31, 2013
Note: Price may vary based on availability. You may need to be flexible with your dates to secure the lowest fare.


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124. hpbear12:53 AM GMT on March 06, 2006
with the debate now back to operations of meteorology, like forecasting, i just have to wonder a few things....
who is going to hire all the older forecasters who aren't old enough for those pensions? how will that affect any forecaster coming out of college facing 15-20k in student loans and not able to get a job?
when will the private industry step up to the plate and bring the balance between available forecasters and available jobs to a balance?
when will the higher ups in colleges/universities, the AMS (which I am a member of), the NWAS, and others, finally step up and do a full census of the field and see when the balance between all meteorologists and all employers directly or indirectly in meteorolgy will ever be reached?
if I am pushing something, it's a proposal I made to the AMS CWCE (Commission on the Weather and Climate Enterprise) a few weeks back (to be voted on at their next meeting, so no hurry) to take such a survey and maybe use that info to determine how the industry has to go?
It's an idea that actually has gotten some good feedback on by several people on all sides of the field. now if it only can be done, then all the questions on the fate of Voulntary Early Retirement and other workforce issues could have a solid base to work from.
just my two cents.....
Member Since: May 26, 2005 Posts: 0 Comments: 3


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Women & Psoriasis
Diet & Psoriasis
Women & Psoriatic Arthritis
Info Kit
Many doctors recommend women avoid psoriasis treatments altogether or use only the safest forms, which include certain topicals and UVB phototherapy, during conception, pregnancy and nursing. Each psoriasis medication has a different set of precautions, so it is important to work with your doctor to determine what treatment is appropriate for you during pregnancy.
When pregnancies are planned, women may want to time treatments so only minimal treatment is required during pregnancy. For example, a woman who experiences remissions that average one year following a course of PUVA can plan to finish their most recent course before attempting conception.
While nursing it is important to exercise caution with treatments. Topical psoriasis medications should not be used on the nipples. Also, some topical drugs when used over widespread body surfaces will absorb through the skin and into the mother's milk. Again, it is critical to work closely with your doctor to determine what is an acceptable topical treatment while nursing.
If a mother has psoriasis on her nipples, it is important to moisturize the nipples with thick over-the-counter emollients or moisturizers. Psoriasis on the nipple will not harm a nursing infant. However, it may cause enough discomfort to the mother to make breast-feeding difficult.
Systemic medications should be avoided when nursing because of the potential for passing the drugs' active ingredients to the infant through the breast milk.
Get the latest research news and tips to control your psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis.


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The Danville Police Department is trying to identify a man who was found dead in a vacant apartment on Saturday.
The body was found around 1:10 p.m. at 510 Spring Street, apartment B.
The body may be that of a person known in the area only as Richard. Danville police say Richard stayed in the vacant apartment from time to time, but he was not a renter.
Anyone with information about this case is asked to call the Danville Police Department.


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Northland Gypsi Jigs
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Product DescriptionThis dancing Gypsi Jig seduces panfish to bite with its tantalizing teaser tail! Molded with blood-red LIP-STICK hook, the jig is tied with sparkling "crystal flash" tinsel that flashes an iridescent fish-scale sheen to lure fish. Holds its own among weeds, brush, and timber. Lethal for perch, crappie, bluegill, and trout.


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Special feature: Volcanoes
What is the EU doing to help us understand volcanoes and volcanic activity?
We've created a page with links to a few places on the Research web site where you can find out more about EU research related to volcanoes.
The challenge
Human communities – through history or recent events – have always had to face natural hazards generating disasters with loss of lives and significant damage. Demographic pressure, inadequate land use or environmental mismanagement and climate change have unfortunately boosted the vulnerability of populations who are increasingly living in higher-risk areas. Disaster reduction has been a world challenge since the UN International Decade for Natural Disasters Reduction (1990–2000) and its follow-up Hyogo Action Plan (2005–15).
In Europe, frequent floods, forest fires, storms, drought, landslides and earthquakes remind us that our efforts need to be sustained in order to better understand and assess the phenomenon and processes, and to enable improved prevention/mitigation strategies and actions to be implemented.
Research history and policy relevance
The EU has supported multi-national and interdisciplinary research in the field of natural hazards since the late 1980s addressing mainly climate- and geological-related hazards such as floods, landslides, avalanches, forest fires, earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. EU research has enabled methods and technologies to be developed for improved hazard assessment, forecasting and monitoring, management and mitigation. The Sixth Framework Programme (2003–06) focused on a more holistic approach in which 'hazard-vulnerability-risk' assessment were addressed in an integrated manner with the aim of mitigating the environmental, social and economic effects of natural disasters. Where relevant, in particular for floods, research took into account policy developments (Water Framework Directive, Flood Directive) as well as the overall climate variability and potential impacts in the development of new management concepts.
Advances have also been made in the area of seismic research in the fields of: design of earthquake-resistant structures, early warning, tsunami-related research; forest- fire behaviour modelling and hazard mapping; landslide and avalanche monitoring and mitigation techniques. Efforts to enhance dissemination and educational perspectives formed part of the actions undertaken, being of direct interest to civil protection activities and relevant stakeholders.
Natural hazards in FP7
A sub-activity of the 'Climate change, pollution and risks' activity, in FP7, natural hazards research will consider a robust and comprehensive framework that supports individual hazards and multi-hazards research and the integration of the risk-reduction chain. This includes: research on individual hazards, on exposure and vulnerability assessment and on a thorough risk-analysis assessment. Particular attention will also be given to the multi-risk dimension. This approach is necessary for risk management as well as for developing prevention and mitigation strategies.
Four priorities areas have been identified and represent the reference basis in the yearly calls:
- hazard assessment, triggering factors and forecasting
- vulnerability assessment and societal impacts
- risk assessment and management
- multi-risk evaluation and mitigation strategies
International Workshop: "Disaster Risk Reduction – Dialogue between scientists and stakeholders"
29-30 October 2009
Click the poster image on the left to see a larger version (PDF 1.4 MB) or the following link for more information on this event


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Ratings based on 5 Verified Reviews
They paid and stayed. We double-checked.
3.8 Room cleanliness
4.4 Service & staff
5.0 Room comfort
3.8 Hotel condition
They paid and stayed.
We double-checked.
We double-checked.
by A verified traveler from Vancouver, BC
Nice place with a beautiful view; peacefulPosted Aug 15, 2014
Pros: Location, view, quiet
Cons: The tv and jetted tub didn't work, and the water for the shower was too hot to be able to use it.
Location: Not much nearby, but not a bad thing.
The place and location were nice and the bed was very comfortable. But, the bathroom room was NOT clean, the tv did NOT work and the "jetted tub" didn't work. The "rain shower" water was scalding hot and could not be turned down, so was unable to use the jetted tub, nor the shower. Breakfast the first day was served cold and was NOT good. Overall, very disappointed.
for Personal Eventby Allan from Vancouver
FantasticPosted May 14, 2013 on Hotels
Amazing house and staff. Would recommend this to everybody. Had a great time.
Recommendedby A verified traveler
Beautiful ViewPosted Aug 30, 2012 on Hotels
This guesthouse was very comfortable, beautifully appointed, and our hostess was very welcoming and accommodating. We will gladly stay there again!
for Couplesby A verified traveler
Loin des sentiers urbainsPosted Aug 12, 2012 on Hotels
Un peu loin du centre-ville de Victoria «35 min en auto" mais vaut tout de moins le déplacement pour son cachet et sa vue.
for Personal Eventby Tracey
remote and quiet get awayPosted Jun 25, 2012 on Hotels
the owner is very friendly and knows how to make her guests comfortable. The room was excellent as was the breakfast, I loved the low carb breakfast. A beautiful home with a very lovely owner. Great value.


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For the study, a subset of 40 healthy participants who were either between the ages or 18 and 45 or older than 60, and another nine patients with kidney disease, were randomly assigned to one of two diets. One group followed their own regular Western diet that was rich in AGEs. The second group followed a diet of similar caloric and nutrient content, but with only one-half the amount of AGEs, known as the "AGE-less diet." Participants in the AGE-less intervention were advised to avoid grilling, frying or baking their food and instead were instructed to poach, stew, or steam their meals. There was no change in calories or nutrient intake during this period.
After four months on the AGE-less diet, blood AGE levels, lipid peroxides, inflammatory markers, and biomarkers of vascular function declined by as much as 60 percent in healthy participants. A reduction of similar magnitude was found in kidney patients after only one month on the AGE-less diet.
Researchers also found a positive effect on a cellular receptor for AGEs called AGER1, which is critical for the clearance of toxic AGEs from the body. The number of copies of the AGER1 gene was measured in circulating blood cells. Since this number was severely suppressed in participants with kidney disease, all of whom had very high levels of AGEs, the researchers speculate that important defense mechanisms can become "exhausted" as a result of chronically elevated AGEs. However, after a short period on the AGE-reduced diet, the number of A
|Contact: Mount Sinai Press Office
The Mount Sinai Hospital / Mount Sinai School of Medicine


text: In recent months, numerous accidents have occurred at a blind curve on U.S. Highway 6 at mile post 229 above the Carbon Power Plant in Price Canyon. The accidents have resulted in lane closures and delays to travelers. The causes of the crashes have been determined to be speed too fast in conjunction with rainy weather and wet roads. UDOT has placed a message board advising motorists to exercise caution and reduce speed to 45 miles per hour near the curve. There is also a slippery road sign posted on the road just before travelers enter the curve. Advisories are placed to alert drivers about the traffic conditions on specific portions of roadways. The Utah Highway Patrol encourages Carbon County motorists to pay attention to the advisory signs at various locations throughout the route between Helper and Spanish Fork.


text: Until now, optical image stabilizers have used solely a gyro sensor to detect camcorder vibration (the data from which controls a vari-angle prism that continuously corrects the path of the incoming light). SuperRange goes one step further by examining the image after it is received by the CCD, and detecting low-frequency vibrations missed by the gyro. This data is fed-back to accelerate and refine the movement of the vari-angle prism. This greatly improves performance for low frequency vibration, resulting in the most advanced optical image stabilization available today.


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Compact System Cameras : Sony's NEX-F3 System Camera Fits DSLR-Size Sensor and Features in Compact Body
Lightweight model features 16.1 megapixels, 180° tiltable LCD, built-in flash and auto portrait framing.May 22, 2012
"Sony continues to redefine digital photography with our E-mount series, packing a large APS-C size sensor into a small, lightweight camera body to produce professional-quality images with ease," said Mike Kahn, director, Alpha business, Sony. "Featuring a diverse set of imaging technologies and offered at a great price, the new NEX-F3 model reinforces our commitment to this rapidly growing compact system camera market."
The camera adds a 180° tiltable LCD screen, a first for Sony's E-mount cameras. By holding the camera at arm's length and flipping the LCD vertically, users can adjust the on-screen preview image to properly frame photos. Also included is a built-in flash to broaden shooting options indoors or in low light.
Also new is an auto portrait framing function that identifies a subject's position in a composed image and follows the rule of thirds to trim the scene around the subject's face. The cropped portrait is then boosted to full resolution using Sony's By Pixel Super Resolution technology, which uses pattern matching to maintain detail, tones and textures. Both the original and cropped image files are saved. The same technology is used for the "clear image zoom" feature, which digitally doubles the magnification of any lens attached to the camera.
Other features include: superior auto mode, which intelligently recognizes a range of scenes and subjects and adjusts settings automatically; increased battery stamina to 470 shots per charge, plus the ability to charge via USB or an AC outlet; an improved grip; and compatibility with the optional FDA-EV1S viewfinder that offers a high-contrast, high-res OLED viewfinder display and wide viewing angle.
Sony also launched the SEL18200LE E18-200mm f/3.5-6.3 OSS LE telezoom lens as a traveling companion for the NEX-F3. It offers optical SteadyShot compensate for the effects of shake, an 11x zoom range, direct manual focus to fine-tune focus settings, and is 12% lighter than the SEL18200 lens.


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I have always been a fan of this fabulous company, El's Kitchen, so I was thrilled to receive their new bagel snaps in three different … [Read more...]
El's Kitchen-NEW Snaps Bagel Chips Feature and GIVEAWAY!!
Second Helping Feature and GIVEAWAY!!
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Happy Earth Day! Conscious Box Feature & GIVEAWAY to celebrate!!
Are you an Earth friendly person who cares about the environment as well as your body? Do you consciously think about the things you put into and onto … [Read more...]
Jennie-O Feature and GIVEAWAY!!
I am so lucky to have a such an amazing chef in my husband. When I am late getting home from an evening meeting or event, he has thoughtfully prepared … [Read more...]
Taste Guru Feature and GIVEAWAY!!
Taste Guru is a fabulous company with lot to offer! Their monthly membership gets you an assorted box of goodies delivered right to your front door. … [Read more...]
Nuffins® Gluten Free Baking Mixes Feature, Review and GIVEAWAY!!
Oh my goodness, I am SO excited about this new company!! Nuffins® recently sent me product samples of their delicious line of gluten free baking mixes … [Read more...]
Rudi's Soft & Fluffy Giveaway and Review!
I had the pleasure of trying the new "softer & fluffier" Rudi's bread recipe. I have had fun making delicious eats with this bread. My favorite … [Read more...]
A giveaway that is absolutely "Delight"ful!
As many of you already know, I am a HUGE fan of Delight Gluten Free Magazine! They are definitely the "vogue" of gluten free magazines. The pictures … [Read more...]
How would you like to be Kinded®
I know I sure loved being Kinded® so it is now, thanks to the wonderful folks at KIND Healthy Snacks, my turn to let one of my lucky readers be … [Read more...]
Congratulations to the 2013 winners of the 25 Days of Gluten Free Giveaways Event!!
Congratulations to those listed below, you made the list! We have already sent emails out to congratulate the winners and only validate Re: responses … [Read more...]


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(USA Today) - Tonight Nik Wallenda tries to become the first person ever to tightrope walk directly over Niagara Falls, braving mists, winds and maybe peregrine falcons on an 1,800-foot crossing 200 feet above the roiling water between the U.S. and Canada.
There are two big questions: whether he'll make it, and whether he'll take off his safety harness en route across Horseshoe Falls.
ABC, which is televising the walk live, has insisted that Wallenda be tethered to the wire, to spare its viewers the sight of someone falling to his death on live TV.
But Wallenda's family - the Flying Wallendas acrobatic troupe - is famous for working without a net or its equivalent. Wallenda says he's only wearing the harness because he needs ABC's financial support for his million-dollar project.
"It feels like I'm cheating," he told USA TODAY.
The 33-year-old daredevil says that such a device invites failure - "If you think you can fall, you're more likely to" - and that it's not what his audience expects: "People don't watch NASCAR just to see a car race."
Some speculate that Wallenda will drop the tether once he's out on the wire. If he makes it safely across, would ABC dare not to pay him for a ratings blockbuster? And if he doesn't, the issue is moot.
"I'm betting he takes it off," New York State Sen. George Maziarz, who co-sponsored legislation to give Wallenda a waiver to the century-old ban on stunting at the falls, told TheBuffalo News. He said be doubted ABC would interrupt its live feed even if Wallenda did take off the harness. With millions watching, "It's gonna add to the drama," Maziarz said.
If Wallenda discards the harness, he will be in trouble, according to Paul Gromosiak, a local historian whose books include one on Niagara Falls daredevils. Although tightrope walkers have crossed the Niagara Gorge near (but not over) the falls dozens of times, the last confirmed crossing was in 1896.
Gromosiak says the proximity of Wallenda's wire to the falls makes his walk far riskier than any other. "The mist could be so thick he won't see his own hands holding his balancing pole," he says. Spectators, he adds, "won't be able to see him fall."
"This walk has never been done before, for good reason," Gromosiak adds. "He's playing with fire. I don't think he's going to make it."
Others are more optimistic, including Niagara Falls Mayor Paul Dyster: "There are a lot of professions that are dangerous. For him, this is risk management."
Gromosiak worries that if Wallenda were to kill himself on television it would be a public relations disaster for the region on the order of President McKinley's assassination in Buffalo in 1901.
But Dyster says he doesn't think the daredevil's demise would create much of an image problem.
The reason? Death is as much a part of Niagara's mystique as the rainbows, the mist and the roar. "One of the things that has attracted people (to the falls) is that it's simultaneously beautiful and terrifying," he says. And it's a place where a lot of people come to end their lives through suicide. "Death is a recurring theme at Niagara Falls."
Dyster says a famous wirewalker's death while pursuing his dream might merely heighten "the mystery of the falls."
Wallenda says he'll be safe. As for the mist, he says he only needs to see a short distance in front as he slowly takes one step after another.
He says that while practicing on a wire in the parking lot of a local gambling casino, he mentally imagined himself over the falls. When crossing the falls, he says, he'll try to imagine himself back in the parking lot.
As for distractions, such as wind gusts or hovering helicopters, he says, "I've trained all my life not to be distracted by distractions." That includes falcons, a family of which nests on the Canadian side of the falls.
Wallenda has expressed concern about the harness tether getting caught on the counterweights that will hang from his 2-inch-thick wire like pendulums to stop it from twisting. He says he'll be able to jettison it if he feels it's endangering him.
But, he told USA TODAY, "I don't see that happening. I've given my word. I have a future with these people (ABC)."
Even without a harness, he says, a stumble or fall need not be fatal, because he can always grab the wire - second nature to a Wallenda - and hang on until help arrives from either end of the wire.
Wallenda is a member of the seventh generation of the Flying Wallendas. His great-grandfather Karl died in fall in 1978 at age 73. Nik is married and has three children.
Tethered or not, Wallenda's crossing sounds boring to one expert, Dominique Jando, a San Francisco-based circus historian and administrator. "A crossing is a crossing," he says of Wallenda's route.
To Jando, the issue is how Wallenda crosses, and what he does on the wire. He says he thinks Wallenda will cross safely, but finds his straightforward plan - one foot in front of the other - uninteresting.
By Rick Hampson, USA Today


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- Enjoy £3 credit to spend on movies or TV on Amazon Instant Video when you purchase a DVD or Blu-ray offered by Amazon.co.uk. A maximum of 1 credit per customer applies. UK customers only. Offer ends at 23:59 GMT on Mon, October 26, 2015. Here's how (terms and conditions apply)
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Come Let Us Chime (Wedding Song)Item #: HL.50483651
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Composed by Matthew Harris.
SATB and Piano. Choral. Voicing/Format: SATB. 6.7x10.5 inches. 8 pages. Published by Associated. (HL.50483651)
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These choruses are from the composer's three-act opera Tess, which is based on Thomas Hardy's novel Tess of the d'Urbervilles. All three are from Act II: Winter is White, Arise and Come, Let Us Chime (Wedding Song).


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An Independent View
Monday, April 28, 2014
EVERY year, Grade 6 and fourth year high school students take the Department of Education's (DepEd) National Achievement Test (NAT). The results are not edifying.
The NAT achievement grade for Bacolod schools in the Scholastic Year 2012-1013 for Grade 6 was a mean percentage score (MPS) of 55.10 percent which is far from DepEd's passing goal of 75 percent.
Fourth year high school students fared badly with an overall average of 50.23 percent.
Students find some subjects more difficult than others. Grade 6 students suffered in Math (48.28 percent MPS), Science (51.96 percent), and HEKASI (52.94 percent).
In comparison, standards in English (60.66 percent) and Filipino (61.40 percent) were somewhat higher.
The same picture emerges with high school students who did very badly at science (37 percent), Critical Thinking (37.45 percent, and Math (44.19 percent). Students are more proficient at English (52.63 percent) Filipino (59.59 percent) and Araling Panlipunan (61 percent).
Thirty-seven percent sounds bad. It is bad! It is even worse when we consider that the test is multiple choice with four choices. Even if we knew nothing at all, with average luck we would get one out of four answers correct. So 25 percent is the minimum mark possible. 37 percent is only slightly distinguishable from knowing nothing at all.
What to do?
We are concerned that the enormous increases in our education budget (well over P300 billion for 2014) are not yet translating into providing enough facilities. Each subject needs a textbook and each student should have a textbook for each subject. Students do not receive a full set of textbooks. Furthermore, textbooks should be more resilient to the abuses suffered at the grubby hands of students. Textbooks should be fit to be passed onto incoming students in the following year. Currently, many textbooks are disintegrating by the end of the school year.
Many adults do not see the schools from the inside. Except when schools host elections. Then voters can see the shoddy material used in school buildings.
The Commission on Audit needs to understand why a now generously funded DepEd is still unable to provide the facilities necessary for adequate compulsory education.
The academically-oriented private schools have opened a significant gap in NAT scores with Bacolod Tay Tung High School, Trinity, St John's, University of Negros Occidental-Recoletos, and even the University of St La Salle-Integrated School having better scores than their public sector counterparts.
One of the Millennium Development Goals is that 100 percent of grade school students complete their elementary education. Only 66 percent of Filipino students pass Grade 6.
Of 100 students who enter Grade 1, only 33 complete high school. The socio-economic factors which cause the high dropout rate need to be better understood. Farm to school roads are at least as important as farm to market roads.
Entry to tertiary education should be dependent on students' ability to benefit from the courses which they would be taking. This is dependent on their achievement levels obtained during their fourth year in high school.
DepEd plans to have Grades 11 and 12 for secondary students. This six year high school program would give an average student the chance to improve and perhaps reach the DepEd standard of 75 percent.
But if a student, whether from a public or private school, does well in the fourth year NAT test, reaching the DepEd standard of 75 percent, and successfully completes the admission processes for entry to a tertiary institution, it would seem reasonable for this student to transfer to tertiary education.
To force students capable of benefitting from tertiary education to waste two years in Grades 11 and 12 would be unconscionable.
The "Enhanced" Education Act of 2013 needs to be revised quickly before embarrassing cases reach the Supreme Court.
Published in the Sun.Star Bacolod newspaper on April 28, 2014.
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Tie Dye Dress - c/o AX Paris
Faux Leather Biker - c/o Sheinside
Wool Hat - Topshop
Necklace - c/o Romwe
Platfrom Boots - Office
If I wear tie dye in February, will that make it feel a bit more like summer...?
I swear it's actually getting colder again, ugh.
That aside, I love how the necklace and dress go together, so that makes it all worthwhile!
(Also, The Book of Mormon was amazing, I thoroughly recommend it, I actually got to the point where I'd been laughing so much that it hurt the muscles in my face to stop laughing, and I sttill can't stop singing the songs to myself. However, on top of that, Matt and Trey came on stage before the show started to tell us that we were all 'fucking crazy' for queuing for hours for tickets, so my night could have ended there and it still would have been fucking amazing.)
Hope you're all having a lovely week so far! Love xx


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Commuter cellphone vigilante fined $48,000 by FCC
If you commute a certain 12-mile stretch of Interstate 4 between Seffner and Tampa, Florida, and wondered why your calls always dropped out on the drive, the Feds now have an answer for you.
A Florida man was recently busted for using a cellphone jammer on his commute to prevent fellow motorists from talking on their phones while driving, according to the Federal Communication Commission.
Jason R. Humphreys was fined $48,000 by the FCC for using a cellphone jammer in his car during his daily commute between Seffner and Tampa.
"Mr. Humphreys' illegal operation of the jammer apparently continued for up to two years, caused actual interference to cellular service along a swath of Interstate 4, and disrupted police and other emergency communications," the FCC said in a document of the incident posted at its website.
[Let CarInsurance.com help you find affordable auto insurance now.]
The FCC imposed the maximum fine of $16,000 for each of the offenses—unauthorized operation, use of an illegal device, and causing intentional interference.
Florida is one of the states where it is legal to talk on a cellphone while driving, even without a hands-free system, but using a cellphone jammer is illegal for everyone except federal law enforcement, regardless of intent, according to the FCC.
Metro PCS on April 29, 2013, reported to the FCC that its towers along a stretch of Interstate 4 between Seffner and Tampa, about 12 miles apart, were experiencing interference during commuting hours. The FCC investigated the matter and in early May of last year, determined the blocking emissions were coming from a blue Toyota Highlander SUV with a Florida license plate.
With backup from the local sheriff's office, FCC agents pulled over the SUV, talked to Humphreys and searched the vehicle, where they found the jammer behind a seat cover on the back seat, the FCC said.
How do car insurance companies handle cellphone tickets?
Twelve states and Washington, D.C., prohibit all drivers from using hand-held cellphones, according to the Governor's Highway Safety Association (GHSA). They are:
- California
- Connecticut
- Delaware
- Hawaii
- Illinois
- Maryland
- Nevada
- New Jersey
- New York
- Oregon
- Washington
- West Virginia
Currently, 43 states ban text messaging for all drivers, and all but five have primary enforcement, meaning you can be pulled over just for texting. Of the seven states without a texting ban for all drivers, four prohibit texting by novice drivers and three restrict school bus drivers from texting.
So what happens if you are ticketed for using your phone behind the wheel?
In several states, cellphone tickets are treated like parking tickets, which means you're not penalized with points. Other states, including Nevada, forgive a first offense. And some, like New York, levy multiple points even on the first offense. Regardless of state laws, some car insurance companies may forgive a first offense if you have a clean driving record otherwise.
If you're cited in a state where cellphone violations add points to your driving record or are considered moving violations, an insurer may raise your premiums upon review of your driving record.
Based on the infractions on your driving record, your rates rise by a predetermined amount at certain thresholds under your insurer's own point and surcharge system.
Michelle Megna is managing editor of CarInsurance.com.


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Nipah virus (NiV) is a zoonotic virus belonging to the henipavirus genus in the family Paramyxoviridae. Since NiV was first identified in 1999, outbreaks have continued to occur in humans in Bangladesh and India on an almost annual basis with case fatality rates reported between 40% and 100%.
Ferrets were vaccinated with 4, 20 or 100 μg HeVsG formulated with the human use approved adjuvant, CpG, in a prime-boost regime. One half of the ferrets were exposed to NiV at 20 days post boost vaccination and the other at 434 days post vaccination. The presence of virus or viral genome was assessed in ferret fluids and tissues using real-time PCR, virus isolation, histopathology, and immunohistochemistry; serology was also carried out. Non-immunised ferrets were also exposed to virus to confirm the pathogenicity of the inoculum.
Ferrets exposed to Nipah virus 20 days post vaccination remained clinically healthy. Virus or viral genome was not detected in any tissues or fluids of the vaccinated ferrets; lesions and antigen were not identified on immunohistological examination of tissues; and there was no increase in antibody titre during the observation period, consistent with failure of virus replication. Of the ferrets challenged 434 days post vaccination, all five remained well throughout the study period; viral genome – but not virus - was recovered from nasal secretions of one ferret given 20 μg HeVsG and bronchial lymph nodes of the other. There was no increase in antibody titre during the observation period, consistent with lack of stimulation of a humoral memory response.
We have previously shown that ferrets vaccinated with 4, 20 or 100 μg HeVsG formulated with CpG adjuvant, which is currently in several human clinical trials, were protected from HeV disease. Here we show, under similar conditions of use, that the vaccine also provides protection against NiV-induced disease. Such protection persists for at least 12 months post-vaccination, with data supporting only localised and self-limiting virus replication in 2 of 5 animals. These results augur well for acceptability of the vaccine to industry.
Keywords:Nipah virus; Hendra virus; Henipavirus; Paramyxovirus; Ferret; Immunity; Vaccination; Glycoprotein; Subunit vaccine; Longevity
Nipah virus (NiV) is a zoonotic virus belonging to the henipavirus genus in the family Paramyxoviridae. Hendra virus (HeV) is the only other recognised member of the henipavirus genus [1], although there is increasing evidence of a range of henipa-like and other paramyxoviruses [2-6], particularly in bats which are the reservoir host for both NiV and HeV. HeV and NiV are classified as BioSafety Level 4 (BSL-4) agents, a designation that reflects their ability to cause significant morbidity and mortality in humans as well as the absence of vaccines and post-exposure treatments. Since NiV was first identified [7] outbreaks have occurred in humans on an almost annual basis with case fatality rates generally reported between 40% and 100% [8]. Human-to-human transmission, although not yet observed for HeV [9,10], has been recorded in NiV outbreaks in Bangladesh. Here the local custom of family nursing infected members has resulted in extended exposure to infectious bodily secretions, particularly respiratory fluids [11]. Documentation of human-to-human transmission in this highly virulent group of viruses confirms the possibility of sustained endemic human-to-human transmission and the attendant consequences.
Vaccination is an important component of outbreak preparedness and considerable data has now been accumulated on a subunit vaccine incorporating the G glycoprotein of HeV (HeVsG). The HeVsG vaccine has so far proved effective in preventing disease following exposure to both HeV and NiV. This is as predicted because the G glycoproteins of NiV and HeV share 83% amino acid identity [12] and also host cell receptors - ephrin B2 and ephrin B3 [13-15]. Cats vaccinated with HeVsG produced high levels of neutralising antibody to both HeV and NiV [16]; neutralising antibody to surface glycoprotein has been shown to be particularly effective in protecting against infection with viruses like the henipaviruses that have a viraemic phase [17-19]. Most vaccinated animals not only remained clinically well following exposure to virus but had no evidence of infection, including no boost in vaccinal antibody titres. Vaccination with HeVsG has also been shown to prevent NiV infection in cats and nonhuman primates, and HeV infection in ferrets [16,20-22] and horses. In this last case, HeVsG antigen forms the basis of a commercially available vaccine for HeV - the first vaccine licensed and deployed for use against a BSL-4 agent (Middleton et al., manuscript in preparation). Here we show that ferrets vaccinated with HeVsG were equally protected against NiV disease at 20 days post vaccination as against HeV [22]. Furthermore, protection from disease persisted for over 12 months.
Nipah virus challenge of immunized ferrets
The aim of this study was to determine whether a HeVsG based vaccine protected ferrets against disease caused by NiV and the duration of any vaccine-induced protection. Eight ferrets were exposed to an otherwise lethal dose of NiV at either 20 days post vaccination (study 1) or 14 months post vaccination (study 2).
Study 1: Two control ferrets 1–0 and 2–0 were given only adjuvant; 1–0 was febrile on day 5 pi and was euthanized on day 6 pi, while 2–0 was febrile on days 7 and 8 pi and was euthanized on day 10 pi. Two vaccinated ferrets, 4–4 and 7–100 were euthanized prior to exposure to virus for reasons unassociated with the scientific study. The remaining vaccinated ferrets, 3–4, 5–20, 6–20 and 8–100 remained clinically healthy and were electively euthanized on day 41 of the study.
Study 2: Two control ferrets, 9–0 and 10–0 became febrile and exhibited reduced playfulness by day 8 pi; both were euthanized. Ferret 15–100 was euthanized prior to exposure to virus for reasons unassociated with the scientific study. The remaining vaccinated ferrets, 11–4, 12–4, 13–20, 14–20 and 16–100 remained clinically healthy and were electively euthanized on day 455 (21 days pi) of the study.
Gross pathology, histopathology and immunohistochemistry
Study 1. Control ferrets 1–0 and 2–0 both had histological lesions including widespread deposition of NiV antigen consistent with acute NiV infection as previously described [23]. No significant histological lesions were detected in the remaining 4 ferrets, 3–4, 5–20, 6–20 and 8–100 and NiV antigen was not detected in any of their tissues.
Study 2. Control ferrets 9–0 and 10–0 both had histological lesions including widespread deposition of NiV antigen consistent with acute NiV infection as previously described [23]. No significant histological lesions were detected in the tissues of vaccinated ferrets, 11–4, 12–4, 13–20, 14–20, and 16–100 and NiV antigen was not detected in any of their tissues.
Viral RNA detection and virus isolation
Viral RNA detection results for study 1 are shown in Table 1. Viral RNA was found in all fluids, swabs and tissues of control ferrets 1–0 and 2–0 and virus was re-isolated from tissues collected from them post mortem. Ct results for positive samples and tissues are shown in Table 2. Where virus was isolated from viral RNA positive samples the titre was generally not greater than 105 TCID50/ml. These data confirm that virus exposure was sufficient to induce serious infection in the naïve animal. In contrast viral RNA was not detected in any swabs, fluids or tissues collected from the 4 vaccinated ferrets either during the immediate post-exposure period or at post mortem examination; this included ferret 3–4 which had received the lowest dose (4 μg) of HeVsG.
Table 1. Study 1: Genome detection in ferrets challenged at day 20 post vaccination
Table 2. Ct values in genome positive samples in studies 1 and 2
Viral RNA detection results for study 2 are shown in Table 3; the pattern of genome detection and virus re-isolation from the control ferrets 9–0 and 10–0 confirmed an otherwise lethal exposure to NiV. Viral genome was not detected in any swabs, fluids or tissues from 3 of the 5 vaccinated ferrets. In one animal (ferret 14–20), viral genome was detected in nasal washes at day 6 and day 8 pi and, in another (ferret 13–20), from the bronchial lymph nodes at post mortem. In neither case was virus re-isolated from these samples. Ct results for positive samples and tissues are shown in Table 2. Where virus was isolated from viral RNA positive samples the titre was generally not greater than 105 TCID50/ml
Table 3. Study 2: Genome detection in ferrets challenged at 434 days post vaccination
Post-challenge serology
In both studies sera were collected at the time of exposure to virus; day 6, 8 and 10 pi, and at euthanasia. There was no clear cut evidence of an anamnestic antibody response in either group.
As the human population expands into previously untouched environments there are increasing reports of viruses that have co-existed for long periods of time in their reservoir hosts 'spilling over' to emerge as novel human infections. The recent example of such an agent, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), demonstrates the devastating economic and social impact that these events may have on human populations. Although the virus was not identified until 1981, HIV is thought to have made the initial jump from chimpanzees into humans at the beginning of the 20th century. By 2010, 34 million people were living with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and in the same year 2.4-2.9 million people were newly infected with HIV. HeV and NiV were also discovered relatively recently – HeV was isolated and identified in 1994 when it caused the death of 20 horses and 1 human [24] and NiV in 1998–9 after an outbreak in pigs and humans in Peninsular Malaysia and Singapore [7]. They were identified as paramyxoviruses but were sufficiently distinct to be assigned to a new genus, Henipavirus, within the Paramyxoviridae[25,26]. Their large genome was atypical as was their pathogenicity for a range of species, with reported mortality rates in humans of up to 100% for NiV and 57% for HeV. All human cases of HeV infection to date have resulted from close contact with secretions of infected horses either late in incubation period, during terminal illness, or at post mortem examination. There is no known instance of transmission directly to humans from the reservoir host, the bat, or of human-to-human transmission of HeV. In contrast, NiV in Bangladesh can be transmitted directly from bats to people and this has been linked epidemiologically to the consumption of contaminated palm sap; human-to-human transmission also occurs here and is thought to be facilitated by families nursing sick relatives with attendant copious exposure to infected bodily fluids [27]. Repeated spillover events into human (and other animal populations) have been documented for both HeV and NiV [8] suggesting persistence of the environmental circumstances that facilitated the initial emergence event. Spillover is thus likely to be ongoing, and it is conceivable that a future incident with increasing host adaptation might result in establishment of HeV or NiV in human populations, with an impact exacerbated by high mortality rates and no pre-existing immunity.
The sporadic occurrence of viral spillover events creates major challenges for emergency disease preparedness activities. However, in the 15–20 years since HeV and NiV were first identified substantial progress has been made in the development of vaccines and therapeutics for the prevention and treatment of infection with these viruses. The HeVsG vaccine, which prevents HeV disease in horses, is the first to be registered for use against a BSL-4 agent, and a therapeutic monoclonal antibody is currently being assessed for human use [23,28]. While the focus in Australia is on management of the infection risks posed by HeV infection, studies have shown that the HeVsG vaccine provides equally powerful cross-protection against NiV infection in cats and nonhuman primates.
Our current studies indicate that at the time of onset of protection the HeVsG vaccine can reliably protect ferrets from acute NiV disease and also prevent infection – providing so-called sterilizing immunity - consistent with earlier studies using HeV [22]. Here we have also shown, in the first duration of protection study in an animal model, protection from disease persists at least 14 months after vaccination in ferrets. Recovery of viral genome (but not live virus) from the nasal washes of one animal and from the bronchial lymph nodes of another, in the absence of a rise in antibody titre, are consistent with self-limiting local virus replication at a level insufficient to generate an anamnestic immune response or to sustain a transmission event.
The animal numbers reported here are necessarily small due partly to the limitations of the BSL4 facility but also because 3 ferrets were euthanized before challenge leaving 3 groups in the 2 studies with a group size of 1. While no conclusion can be drawn from a group size of 1 there were 3 remaining groups where n = 2, the 20 μg group in both studies and the 4 μg group in study 2. Data from these groups indicated that the vaccine induced protection sufficient to suppress the course of a human pandemic persists for at least 12 months. The data from the reduced groups also support this conclusion.
Importantly, in the event of a spillover leading to sustained human-to-human transmission of HeV or NiV, proof of concept studies already exist for the sG subunit vaccine in two animal models of which one is a non-human primate. This is relevant to the US FDA animal rule that states where a medical countermeasure cannot be evaluated in humans, in vivo evaluation of a vaccine or therapeutic may be translated from the outcomes of work in two animal models. Finally, the experimental vaccine given to ferrets uses a formulation that is in clinical trials in humans.
Recrudescence in the form of encephalitis has been documented for both HeV and NiV and is thought to be due to persistence of the virus in some form within the central nervous system. A farmer from Mackay, Australia developed encephalitis 13 months after apparent recovery from acute meningencephalitis caused by HeV and died with evidence of HeV in the brain as detected by PCR, electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry [29]. In the initial NiV outbreak in Malaysia 7.5% of survivors went on to develop relapsing encephalitis and 3.4% suffered late-onset encephalitis months to years after recovery from the initial infection [30,31]. Recent studies have shown that HeV can infect the mouse brain via an anterograde route of infection, probably along the olfactory nerve [32] as also suggested for NiV in pigs [33]. This suggests that an effective henipavirus vaccine will need to suppress the initial phase of replication in the upper respiratory tract (summarized in [8]) to a level that prevents infection of olfactory sensory neurons as well as preventing the onset of viremia.
The HeVsG subunit vaccine has proved highly effective in suppression of virus replication and disease prevention, with duration of protection that is sufficient to make the formulation attractive to industry. A vaccine incorporating the HeVsG antigen has now been released for use in horses and its application and observed effectiveness, along with ongoing work in animal models including nonhuman primates, will enable a more rapid response to any future henipavirus spillover events that threaten to cause large scale outbreaks in humans.
Animals, accommodation, handling and biosafety
Eight male ferrets aged 12 – 18 months were used in each of 2 experiments. Those exposed to NiV at 20 days post vaccination (study 1) were housed in pairs in cages in a single room at PC-3 or 4 for the duration of the study. Those exposed to NiV at 413 days post vaccination (study 2) were housed in pairs in cages at PC2 until the time of virus exposure, when they were moved to a single room at BSL-4. Animal husbandry was carried out as described in [22], and animal husbandry methods and experimental design were endorsed by the Australian Animal Health Laboratory's Animal Ethics Committee.
Animal infection
All ferrets were exposed to 5000 TCID50 of a low passage isolate of NiV-Bangladesh/human/2004/Rajbari, R1 [34,35]. This represents 10 times the minimum infectious dose determined for this virus in ferrets. General clinical observations were documented daily before and after infection (pi). Animals were weighed while under sedation at the time of vaccinations, virus exposure, and at days 6, 8, 10 and 21 pi. Rectal temperature was also recorded at sedation to augment data derived remotely from the implanted temperature transponders. Ferrets were euthanized when reaching a previously determined endpoint or at 21 days pi. The humane endpoint was defined as rapidly progressive clinical illness of up to 2 days duration including fever and depression, possibly accompanied by increased respiratory rate or posterior paresis or ataxia. In susceptible animals, this typically occurs within the first 10 days after viral challenge. In preliminary studies, these signs were found to correlate with the requirement to euthanize ferrets on subsequent days on humane grounds; thus, they have been utilized as surrogates for lethality.
Vaccine immunogen preparation
A human codon optimized HeV soluble glycoprotein G (sG) construct was used to produce recombinant HeVsG as described [22]. CpG oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) 2007 (TCGTCGTTGTCGTTTTGTCGTT) containing a fully phosphorothioate backbone was purchased from Invivogen (San Diego, CA, USA) and AlhydrogelTM was purchased from Accurate Chemical & Scientific Corporation (Westbury, NY, USA). Vaccine doses containing fixed amount of CpG ODN 2007 and varying amounts of HeVsG and aluminum ion (at a weight ratio of 1:25) were formulated as follows: 4 μg sGHeV, 100 μg aluminium ion and 150 μg of CpG ODN 2007; 20 μg dose: 20 μg sGHeV, 500 μg aluminium ion and 150 μg of CpG ODN2007; and 100 μg dose: 100 μg HeVsG, 2.5 mg aluminium ion and 150 μg of CpG ODN 2007. For all doses, AlhydrogelTM and sGHeV were mixed first before CpG ODN 2007 was added. Each vaccine dose was adjusted to 1 ml with PBS and mixtures were incubated on a rotating wheel at room temperature for at least 2–3 h prior to injection.
For both studies, ferrets were divided randomly into 4 groups of 2, with each group receiving vaccine or adjuvant alone as follows: study 1 – 1–0 and 2–0 received adjuvant only, 3–4 and 4–4 were vaccinated with 4 μg HeVsG, 5–20 and 6–20 with 20 μg HeVsG and 7–100 and 8–100 with 100 μg HeVsG. Similarly for study 2, ferrets numbered 9–0 and 10–0, 11–4 and 12–4, 13–20 and 14–20, 15–100 and 16–100 received 0, 4, 20 and 100 μg HeVsG respectively. The vaccine was administered subcutaneously with a priming dose at day 0 and a booster dose 20 days later.
Sample collection
Nasal washes, oral and rectal swabs and blood samples both in EDTA and for serum preparation, were taken at the time of vaccination and virus exposure, then at days 6, 8, 10 and 21 pi as described in [22]. Urine was collected only at post mortem examination when tissues were also collected for virus isolation, viral genome detection, histology, and immunohistology as described in [22]. These tissues included adrenal gland, bladder, brain, olfactory pole, heart, kidney, liver, apical lung lobe, diaphragmatic lung lobe, bronchial lymph node, retropharyngeal lymph node, spleen and testes.
Sample analysis
TaqMan PCR assay for the detection of the NiV N gene, immunohistochemical evaluation using a rabbit polyclonal antibody raised against the NiV N protein [36], histology, serum neutralization titres against NiV and virus isolation were carried out according to [22].
Competing interests
CCB is a United States federal employee and an inventor on pending United States patents and Australian patent 2005327194, pertaining to soluble forms of Hendra and Nipah G glycoproteins; assignees are The United States of America as represented by the Department of Health and Human Services (Washington, DC), Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc. (Bethesda, MD).
Authors' contributions
JAP designed the study, processed animal tissues, carried out virus isolation and serology and drafted the manuscript. RK processed animal tissues, carried out real-time PCR, virus isolation and serology. RA and JH carried out the animal infection studies. FL read histopathology and immunohistopathology slides. JRW extracted viral RNA from animal tissues and fluids. JP processed tissues for histopathology and immunohistopathology. LFW conceived the study and edited the manuscript. CCB conceived the study, provided funds and edited the manuscript. DM conceived and designed the study, supervised animal infection studies, provided veterinary pathology expertise and edited the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
The authors would like to thank Chris Cowled and Glenn Marsh for critical review of this manuscript. Also Jenni Rookes for preparation of slides for histology and immunohistochemistry, Tyrone McDonald for extraction of viral RNA, and Leah Frazer for ferret husbandry and monitoring ferrets at BSL-4. This work was supported by NIH grant 1 U01 AI077995-01.
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