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Table of Contents
Evidence of Safety Belt Use
I. Introduction
The mission of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) is to save lives, prevent injuries and reduce traffic-related health care and other economic costs. The agency develops, promotes and implements effective educational, engineering, and enforcement programs aimed at ending preventable tragedies and reducing the economic costs associated with motor vehicle use and highway travel.
As an integral part of the U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT), the agency improves public health and enhances the quality of transportation by helping to make highway travel safer. A multi-disciplinary approach is used that draws upon diverse fields such as epidemiology, engineering, biomechanics, the social sciences, human factors, economics, education, law enforcement and communication science to address one of the most complex and challenging public health problems facing our society.
NHTSA is the national and international leader in collecting and analyzing motor vehicle crash data, and in developing countermeasures relevant to preventing and mitigating vehicle crashes, thereby reducing and preventing resulting fatalities and traumatic injury. The agency regulates motor vehicle and original equipment manufacturers through its safety standards program; provides national and international leadership in understanding and assessing the safety impact of advanced technologies; sponsors critical research; spurs progress in harmonizing international safety standards; and conducts innovative projects to improve traffic and motor vehicle safety. All aspects of engineering, education, enforcement and evaluation are incorporated into programs to address the challenges of crash and injury prevention involving people, vehicles, and the roadway environment.
The following report presents an in-depth look at one of the most significant safety issues impacting highway safety and the success of NHTSA's mission – safety belt use. This document describes the safety problem represented by the failure to use safety belts and provides strategies the agency plans to pursue in increasing safety belt use, thereby saving lives. In addition to the full agenda of highway safety issues, impaired driving, rollover mitigation and vehicle compatibility are the other priority issues set by NHTSA to reduce the occurrence and consequences of motor vehicle fatalities and injuries. Each of the four documents can be found on NHTSA's Web site at: http://www.nhtsa.dot.gov/people/iptreports.html and also on DOT's docket management system (DMS) at http://dms.dot.gov/. (The impaired driving report is currently in agency review and should be released and posted later this year.) The docket numbers for each of the respective reports are as follows:
- Safety Belt Use NHTSA-2003-14620;
- Impaired Driving NHTSA-2003-14621;
- Rollover Mitigation NHTSA-2003-14622; and,
- Vehicle Compatibility NHTSA-2003-14623.
II. Highway Safety Overview
Despite significant gains since the enactment of Federal motor vehicle and highway safety legislation in the mid 1960's, the annual toll of traffic crashes remains tragically high. In 2002, 42,815 people were killed on the Nation's highways and an additional 2.93 million people suffered serious injuries. Motor vehicle crashes are the leading cause of death and disability for Americans between the ages of 2 and 33.
Traffic crashes are not only a grave public health problem for our Nation, but also a significant economic burden. Traffic crashes cost our economy approximately $230 billion in 2000, or 2.3 percent of the U.S. Gross Domestic Product. This translates to an annual average of $820 for every person living in the United States. Included in this figure are $81 billion in lost productivity, $32.6 billion in medical expenses, and $59 billion in property damage. The average cost for a critically injured survivor of a motor vehicle crash is estimated at $1.1 million over a lifetime. This figure does not even begin to reflect the physical and psychological suffering of the victims and their families.
Reauthorization of NHTSA Highway Safety Program
NHTSA's current authorizing legislation for behavioral safety, the Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century (TEA-21), expires on September 30, 2003. The Department of Transportation has proposed a new reauthorization package to Congress requesting significant changes in NHTSA's grant programs and for much needed research into the cause of motor vehicle crashes. TEA-21 created several new grant programs to provide States with funds for highway safety. In the current reauthorization proposal, the Department is proposing to consolidate multiple grants into NHTSA's Section 402 program. The program will have a new performance-based component, in which a State can qualify for additional Federal funds if certain safety criteria are met. The criteria include improvements in motor vehicle crash fatalities, alcohol-related fatalities ($50 million program targeting problem), and motorcycle, bicycle, and pedestrian crash fatalities. A separate program will provide funding based on safety belt use rate performance ($100 million incentive program for States passing primary safety belt use legislation).
DOT's new reauthorization package also proposes to designate NHTSA as the lead agency for Emergency Medical Services (EMS). Meanwhile, the amendment of Section 407 would provide NHTSA with funding to establish a State formula grant program to support coordination of EMS systems development, including the implementation of enhanced emergency communications systems or E9-1-1. In addition, the amendment of Section 403 will allow NHTSA to update its previous motor vehicle crash causation study. This research will assist NHTSA in addressing a number of critical safety questions and will aid NHTSA researchers in identifying and creating new initiatives for crash avoidance and countermeasures programs.
III. Integrated Project Team Formation
In September 2002, NHTSA formed four integrated project teams (IPTs) to conduct an in-depth review of four priority areas:
- Safety Belt Use,
- Impaired Driving,
- Rollover Mitigation, and,
- Vehicle Compatibility.
These teams were chartered to support the agency's strategic planning work by using comprehensive, science and evidence-based analyses to identify innovative solutions and recommend effective strategies in their respective issue areas. The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), another DOT agency, who has lead responsibility along with State highway agencies for initiatives relating to roadway and roadside hardware improvements, had representatives on the rollover mitigation and vehicle compatibility teams.
Teams were encouraged to be innovative in their thinking and novel in their approaches. The resulting proposals covered a wide range of possible solutions, from what could be accomplished through changing driver behavior, to vehicle modifications and roadway improvements. Recommended strategies were based on science, data and other available evidence. The teams also attempted to estimate the possible benefits and costs associated with implementing various strategies.
Each team began by conducting a problem identification analysis – researching and analyzing crash data in the problem area (e.g., number of injuries and fatalities associated with each issue). The purpose of the problem identification was to accurately describe the safety problem in enough depth to provide structure and underpinning to various potential strategies.
The teams then organized and linked the array of possible strategies to their potential safety impacts. This included estimating the benefits and timeframe for implementation, discussing risks and uncertainties, and identifying constraints.
In February 2003, NHTSA senior management officials evaluated the IPT strategies to determine which strategies the agency should pursue. The recommended strategies presented here are not simply a list of activities but relate in a strategic and interdependent manner and, if implemented effectively, will lead to improved safety performance. Each of the four priorities – safety belt use, impaired driving, rollover mitigation and vehicle compatibility – is addressed in a separate document. This document reflects the agency's plan for safety belt use strategies.
IV. General Problem Identification for Safety Belt Use
Safety belt use is the single most effective strategy a person can employ to prevent deaths and injuries and reduce the costs associated with motor vehicle crashes. Despite over 30 years of efforts and the expenditure of substantial resources, safety belt use in the United States is currently 75 percent. [1]
Although safety belt use has risen dramatically and has saved more than 100,000 lives in the past twenty years (13,000 in 2002 alone [2] ), more than 7,000 persons are killed and over 100,000 injured every year due to the failure to wear their safety belts. These occurrences cost society $20 billion. [3]
NHTSA and others have instituted a wide variety of activities in an effort to increase safety belt use. However, unless additional measures are taken, safety belt use is projected to grow slowly, reaching only 81 percent by 2005 (see Table 1). Several nations and three States (California, Hawaii and Washington) and Puerto Rico have demonstrated that a safety belt use rate over 90 percent is achievable.
Projected Front Safety Belt Use – At Conversion Rate Experienced
Between 1994-2001.
|Projected Safety Belt Use*
These projections were obtained from a model that assumes an 8.5 percent annual reduction in nonuse (an 8.5 percent "conversion rate"). Conversion rate is defined as the reduction in nonuse (i.e., the reduction in the number of people who do not buckle up). In the period 1994 – 2001, safety belt use increased by about two percentage points per year. This corresponds to converting an increasing percentage of nonusers each year, and would correspond to an 8.5 percent conversion rate in 2002. Although use has increased about two percentage points per year in recent years, NHTSA does not expect this trend to continue since it would require converting a greater percentage of nonusers each year. That is, as safety belt use rises, each percentage point increase in use becomes increasingly more difficult to achieve. Thus, a conversion model is more appropriate than a linear one for deriving projections. It will even be difficult to maintain an 8.5 percent conversion rate for very long, as hard-core nonusers comprise a growing portion of the "unconverted" in each successive year.
The Motor Vehicle Occupant Safety Survey (MVOSS) is a national telephone survey conducted every two years to monitor the public's attitudes about safety belts, child restraints, reasons for their use or nonuse, knowledge of safety belt laws, experience with law enforcement, and attitudes about risk perception. The 2000 MVOSS shows the reasons given for safety belt nonuse by "part-time" users. Part-time users are defined as occupants who state they use safety belts all the time, but admit to not using them in the last month, as well as those who say they use safety belts most of the time, plus those who say they use them some of the time. About 70-75% of the population use safety belts all of the time (full-time users), 20-25% are part-time users and 5-10% are hard-core nonusers. Hard-core nonusers are classified as individuals who use safety belts less frequently (or not at all). The data indicate that part-time use is often associated with short trips.
There are some limitations to the MVOSS data. It does not allow analyses of interaction between different factors (e.g., impact of drinking on safety belt use). The Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS), a census of all crashes in which at least one occupant or non-occupant was killed, is the only data source which contains most of the key descriptive factors, including safety belt use information as reported on police reports.
Based on FARS data, many safety belt use characteristics can be ranked according to three measures: 1) safety belt use among fatally-injured occupants, 2) incidence in fatal crashes, and 3) lives lost due to nonuse. For instance, safety belt use by fatally injured males is 35 percent, males comprise 63 percent of the occupants of fatal crashes and approximately 5,700 males die each year who would have survived if they had worn their safety belts.
While the first ranking system (ranking by use) identified above, is commonly investigated in assessing countermeasures, ranking by lives lost is also an important consideration. According to this ranking, most lives are lost among males, followed by vehicle occupants in secondary law States and nighttime occupants. Table 2 highlights the number of fatalities due to nonuse of safety belts among certain populations or groups that have had relatively high fatality numbers.
TABLE 2: Lives Lost Due to Safety Belt Nonuse
|Occupants - Not Using Their Safety Belt
|Lives Lost
|Vehicle Occupants Secondary Law States
|Nighttime Occupants
|Young Adults, Ages 16-24
|Intoxicated Drivers, BAC .08 or Higher
|Pickup Truck Occupants
The analysis was done with FARS data, for which descriptive factors, such as income level or people on short trips, are not available. Other factors, such as race and ethnicity, were included in the analysis, but did not account for as many lives. These categories are not mutually exclusive, and include a large amount of overlap.
Safety belt use has increased dramatically over the past twenty years from 14 percent in 1983 to 75 percent in 2002 (for daytime use in the front seat). Chart 1 shows that the same patterns of increase are seen both in observational survey data and in crash data of various severities (e.g., fatal crashes and towed crashes).
|Chart1: Belt USe Trends*
* Among occupants, ages 5 and older, of passenger vehicles observed or reported to
have been belted or unbelted.
Despite the significant increases over the past twenty years, safety belt use in the United States falls short of that in some industrialized nations. The reasons for this shortfall are complex and many. However, a number of countermeasures are available that have great potential to increase safety belt use and to sustain the increase. The challenge is to select the best mix of countermeasures that achieve short-term gains, alter behavior among nonusers, sustain higher use over time and ultimately change the way Americans view safety belt use.
A wide range of initiatives is proposed in this report that have the potential to raise and/or sustain safety belt use rates. The initiatives fall into two categories: behavioral and vehicle-based solutions. Under each, a number of approaches were identified after gaining a better understanding of what in-vehicle devices and behavioral strategies would be appropriate to assist in increasing safety belt use.
To date, 20 States, the District of Columbia (D.C.) and Puerto Rico have primary safety belt use laws, 29 States have secondary safety belt use laws, and one State has no adult safety belt use law. Based upon 2002 State reported observational surveys, States with primary laws have safety belt use rates that range from 69 to 93 percent, and States with secondary safety belt laws have rates that range from 51 to 85 percent. [4]
While the research shows that upgrading from a secondary to a primary enforcement law has a strong positive impact on safety belt use rates, all primary laws are not alike, and it is possible that a "weak" primary law may not be as effective as a "strong" secondary law (or at least not as effective as it could be). Table 3 identifies the elements of a strong safety belt use law.
TABLE 3: Elements of a Strong Safety Belt Use Law
|Primary Enforcement
|Provides for primary enforcement in all cases.
|Significant Penalties
|Penalties that serve as a deterrent, e.g., high fines, points on a driver's license.
|All Vehicle Types Included
|Includes passenger cars and pickup trucks.
|All Seating Positions Covered
|Covers all seating positions equipped with a safety belt.
|Damages Reduced for Nonuse
|Personal injury damages from crashes are reduced in those cases where a safety belt was not worn.
NHTSA has pursued decades of educational efforts and provided technical assistance directed at the public and to policy/decision-makers and intermediaries on the effectiveness of primary safety belt use laws and/or the strengthening of existing laws. The agency has produced fact sheets and research reports documenting increased safety belt use rates resulting from enactment of primary laws, developed State cost savings estimates to demonstrate the economic benefits of safety belt use, collaborated with partner organizations whose members are concerned about health and safety issues and who are willing to help educate policy/decision-makers about the benefits of enacting such laws, and, when invited, testified at State hearings concerning the importance of primary laws.
The DOT strongly supports programs to enhance safety belt use. Departmental initiatives may include: sponsoring a State Policy Maker Forum of governors, State legislators and State insurance commissioners to highlight the need for States to pass upgraded laws, the economic benefits that States gain as a result, and strategies States can employ to resolve impediments such as lack of public support; speaking to public and private forums (e.g., the Governors' Highway Safety Association (GHSA) and the National Conference of State Legislatures (NCSL) meetings), about the benefits of strong safety belt use laws, the negative impact of failing to pass such measures, and strategies for obtaining public and political support; and providing each State with a report on the economic impact and benefits resulting from passage of an upgraded safety belt use law.
The Department's reauthorization proposes to amend the Section 402 Grant Program to create significant incentives for States that currently have or pass primary safety belt use laws and/or achieve safety belt use rates of at least 90 percent. As proposed, States that enact a new primary law will receive a grant equal to five times their current 402 formula grant. Any State that receives a safety belt performance grant for enactment of a primary safety belt use law is permitted to use up to 100 percent of those funds for infrastructure investments eligible under the Highway Safety Improvement Program in accordance with the State's strategic highway safety plan. States not possessing primary laws and with use rates below 90 percent would be required to use 10 percent of their highway safety infrastructure funding for behavioral highway safety programs. Additional grant funds would be available to States based on achievement or annual progress in safety belt use rates. These funds would be allocated to safety belt use programs. States would be asked to form or strengthen partnerships with organizations that can aid in efforts to increase safety belt use and the passage of law upgrades. NHTSA would provide technical assistance in the form of research results, cost benefit estimates, program guidance and best practices, and data to aid State efforts.
In addition to the Departmental initiatives, NHTSA is developing a State Safety Belt Use Performance Rating System that evaluates and compares State actions directed at upgrading safety belt use laws. This system is similar to those used in the public health (e.g., effort to reduce incidence of low weight births) and education arenas (e.g., efforts to ensure students pass proficiency tests) that evaluate State efforts to make improvements in those areas. State efforts would be compared against a series of metrics including safety belt use rates; deaths, injuries and costs resulting from the absence of a primary law; actions to persuade the public and key partners to support such laws; and efforts to educate State policy and decision-makers about the benefits of law upgrades. The DOT would conduct an annual event to announce the State ratings.
NHTSA estimates that upgrading the remaining States' safety belt use laws from secondary enforcement to primary enforcement could increase safety belt use by 11 percentage points. In 2002, primary enforcement law States had an average use rate of 80 percent compared to 69 percent in secondary law States.1 Studies have also cited the importance of follow-up actions, including enforcement and publicity, and failure to include such actions can result in loss of half of the gain. [5]
HVE refers to the well-publicized, intensive enforcement of safety belt use laws. It is also referred to as Occupant Protection Selective Traffic Enforcement Program (sTEP). The Click It or Ticket (CIOT) model is an example of a sTEP. The CIOT model uses stepped up enforcement, such as safety checkpoints or other enforcement strategies, in coordination with an earned and/or paid media campaign supporting the enforcement effort. When people in the community understand that law enforcement is serious about enforcing occupant protection laws, and actually witness officers enforcing those laws, they are more likely to buckle up and buckle up their children. Many part-time users and nonusers fear getting a ticket with a fine significantly more than they do being injured or killed due to being unbelted in a crash.
In Canada, where laws are primary, fines are significant, and there is well-publicized enforcement of safety belt use laws, safety belt use averages 90 percent. The U.S., by contrast, had a safety belt use rate of 75 percent in June 2002. An evaluation of ten States that implemented the full CIOT model in the spring of 2002 showed that, on average safety belt nonuse was reduced by 26 percent between the time before CIOT began and when it reached its peak. [6]
Emphasis on safety belt law enforcement is not new to NHTSA or the States. In the early to mid-1990s, NHTSA and the States conducted a series of enforcement-based efforts designed to reach unbelted adults. In 1996 a public/private partnership involving NHTSA and the Air Bag and Seat Belt Safety Campaign began promoting coordinated nationwide implementation of the CIOT model biannually. In 2002, NHTSA built in a requirement for States to closely follow the CIOT model in developing proposals for the fiscal year (FY) 2003 Section 157 Innovative Grant Funds.
NHTSA will identify and conduct research on other current innovative traffic law enforcement models to compare their effectiveness and efficiency with the CIOT model.
In addition, the agency will urge States to work with State and local law enforcement agencies to convert a percentage of existing enforcement positions to traffic, where additional emphasis would be focused on full-time safety belt and impaired driving enforcement. Pending the research described above, NHTSA will continue to encourage States to use the CIOT model (or another model, if found to be more effective and/or efficient) that has demonstrated an ability to increase safety belt use rates.
Since 2000, a majority of the States have conducted CIOT type campaigns. Evaluations of these campaigns have shown significant increases in perceived enforcement activity and the perceived risk of personally being ticketed for safety belt nonuse. These campaigns enhanced public penetration of the enforcement message above the 20 percent level recorded in the 2000 MVOSS and have resulted in significant safety belt use gains. Based on the results of Canada and States that have aggressively pursued the CIOT model, national use could be increased to the 80-85 percent range with this method.
NHTSA plans to undertake a national communications plan involving a flexible, multi-year approach that utilizes a wide range of communications tactics to convey the safety belt enforcement message. This has been shown to be a more effective motivator to increasing safety belt use among the remaining nonusers than other messages, such as emphasizing health and safety benefits. This approach includes media opportunities to support the safety belt law enforcement mobilizations conducted by the States and to complement State communications tactics.
NHTSA's communications program currently includes a national paid advertising campaign to support the semi-annual safety belt law enforcement mobilizations. These semi-annual campaigns include television and radio advertisements to be aired on programs and networks with the highest likelihood of reaching the target audience. They are designed to complement advertisements placed by States that tend to focus on a select number of media markets and outlets.
NHTSA promotes a central message, such as CIOT, for States, partners and the public through its media activities (press releases, press events, occasional participation in television and radio broadcasts). NHTSA collaborates with the Advertising Council to develop and place public service announcements (television, radio, and print in English and Spanish) to inform the public about the benefits of safety belt and child safety seat use.
In addition, the agency implements marketing efforts to develop products directed at the public and highway safety advocate partners. These products include development of print materials for the public; use of popular print publications, popular Internet sites, and news services to convey messages to the public; development of planners and guides for partners; hosting a partner Web site; and writing a partner quarterly newsletter to keep partners informed of each other's activities.
NHTSA is developing a flexible three-year communications plan to increase public perception about the risk and consequences of receiving a citation for safety belt nonuse. This plan will be reviewed at least annually and revised to reflect changing trends and needs. The plan will include paid and earned media components with emphasis on the strategic use of print and broadcast media.
This approach will employ a wide variety of print media venues including articles for popular print publications read by the target audience or by those who influence them; submission of material to national wire and publication services; submission of op-ed articles, letters to the editor and letters to popular columnists who influence public perception about health and safety issues.
NHTSA will seek out opportunities to participate in broadcast media, such as radio and television talk shows, particularly around the time of the safety belt law enforcement mobilizations. It will forge relationships with advertising and public relations firms to foster support to portray proper safety belt use in advertising, television and film.
States that implemented the full CIOT model achieved an overall safety belt use gain of 8.6 percentage points in May 2002. Important aspects of the model include the paid advertising and earned media components, which, according to NHTSA research,6 resulted in heightened perception of enforcement and risk of a safety belt citation. Since this heightened awareness occurred in States that achieved higher safety belt use rates, it is realistic to associate the effect of the paid media with the usage increases. These results suggest that a well-orchestrated national media campaign consisting of paid advertising and earned media would achieve similar results.
Employers are a powerful influence over the workforce. They set standards for employee conduct, including those affecting safety. Employer policies requiring on-the-job safety belt use can be essential components of a national safety belt use initiative. Furthermore, employers offer a communications channel to reach working adults who may be difficult to reach via other means with information about safety belt use during personal driving time, enforcement messages, and information for family members.
Data from the 2000 MVOSS shows that among drivers who drive as part of their jobs, the percentage that report wearing safety belts "all the time" (personal and work-related), is higher (86 percent) among those who thought their company had a safety belt use policy than among those who did not (72 percent).
Motor vehicle crashes place an economic burden on employers. Any employer efforts to reduce this burden would cost far less than the employer costs attributable to those crashes.
NHTSA funding was used to initiate the Network of Employers for Traffic Safety (NETS); an employer-led public-private partnership dedicated to improving the safety and health of employees, their families, and members of the communities in which they live and work, by reducing the number and consequences of traffic crashes that occur both on and off the job. Although NETS is now an independent, non-profit organization, NHTSA continues to collaborate with NETS as a member of its Leadership Council and by funding the development and delivery of employer tools and services to raise safety belt use and address other traffic safety problems.
NHTSA is currently developing cost information about the economic losses to employers due to safety belt nonuse among the workforce. In addition, a cost calculator tool is under development that will help employers determine the return on investment they are likely to achieve if they implement traffic safety policies and programs.
In September 2002, NHTSA entered into a cooperative agreement with the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) to develop a handbook for employers to reduce traffic safety problems, including safety belt nonuse. NHTSA will continue to provide technical assistance to other Federal agencies, especially towards the implementation of an Executive Order requiring Federal employee on-the-job safety belt use. Likewise, the agency will continue to provide assistance to the Armed Services in their efforts to reduce motor vehicle crashes and increase safety belt use among military personnel.
NHTSA is planning to create a Secretarial workplace traffic safety initiative with the Secretaries of Transportation, Labor and Defense; the White House; other government agencies; and the private sector to challenge public and private sector employers to voluntarily implement policies and programs to raise safety belt use among the nation's workforce. This effort would be conducted in collaboration with key national private sector groups (e.g., NETS, U.S. Chamber of Commerce, Federation of Independent Businesses) and institutions (e.g., McDonough School of Business of Georgetown University) and relevant government agencies (e.g., the General Services Administration (GSA) and the Office of Personnel Management (OPM)) to create a new voluntary standard for reducing the nationwide toll of motor vehicle injuries due to nonuse of safety belts among the workforce. For example, NHTSA is currently partnering with the Department of Defense (DOD) in the CIOT campaigns. DOD currently has safety belt use policies while on military bases and is committed to reducing fatalities and injuries among military personal while off base.
Several studies indicate that corporate programs in large companies that include incentives in combination with enforced safety belt use policies averaged a 12 percent long-term increase in safety belt use.7 Additional studies found that incentive programs implemented in small, homogeneous groups (e.g., small employers) resulted in better results than in larger, heterogeneous groups (e.g., communities). [7]
The insurance industry has a long history of providing incentives to policyholders (individual and group) for complying with important health and safety standards. In addition, many individual insurers as well as their associations have made a commitment to dedicate resources to education efforts aimed at policyholders and the public about health and safety concerns, including traffic safety. Building upon this history, NHTSA proposes to strengthen its collaboration with the insurance industry to continue and expand efforts to improve the well being of its customers.
NHTSA has collaborated with many property/casualty insurers and their associations to develop programs and materials for consumers and employers and to support important initiatives such as HVE.
NHTSA plans to challenge insurers to educate group purchasers (e.g., employers) and provide economic incentives to those that agree to develop and implement safety belt use policies for employees.
The agency will encourage insurers to provide incentives to individual and group policyholders who purchase vehicles equipped with in-vehicle devices such as enhanced safety belt reminders (see Vehicle Strategies, Initiative 1, Safety Belt Reminders, Voluntary Installation of In-Vehicle Devices and Evidence of Safety Belt Use).
In addition, NHTSA will make the argument to State insurance commissioners that primary safety belt use laws increase use rates and urge them to support HVE mobilizations and actions by insurance companies to offer incentives to group policyholders that develop and implement safety belt use policies.
Insurers will begin to educate group purchasers and provide them with economic incentives for developing and implementing safety belt use policies. Likewise, they will begin to offer incentives to individual and group holders who purchase vehicles equipped with in-vehicle devices such as enhanced safety belt reminder systems.
In-vehicle devices such as safety belt interlocks can be useful in increasing safety belt use among certain populations. A safety belt interlock device prevents the driver from either operating the vehicle or operating entertainment systems such as the radio if the front seat (or other) occupants fail to use their safety belts. Vehicles currently are equipped with various interlocks to achieve other safety purposes. For example, clutch interlocks prevent the starter from operating in a manual transmission vehicle unless the clutch pedal is fully depressed; transmission interlocks used in automatic transmission equipped vehicles prevent the starter from operating unless the transmission is in park or neutral; and brake-shift interlocks prevent vehicles equipped with automatic transmissions from being shifted out of park unless the brake pedal is depressed.
Evidence of safety belt use refers to a set of technologies that may be contained within the vehicle. Crash data recorders (CDR) are devices installed in motor vehicles to record technical, vehicle and occupant-based information before, during and after a crash. Tell-tales are contained within the safety belt system and indicate if the safety belt was used during a crash.
Currently, Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard (FMVSS) No. 208, Occupant Crash Protection, requires installation of a four-to-eight second long signal immediately following the key being turned to the ignition position or the start of the engine if the driver's safety belt is not buckled. In 2002 and again in 2003, NHTSA sent a letter to all the major vehicle manufacturers encouraging the installation of enhanced safety belt reminder systems, which repeat beyond the eight-second requirement. NHTSA also requested information on their intentions to install such systems, what type of technologies they intended to use, the approximate time frame for installation and any customer feedback on their systems that they would be willing to share with the agency. The agency also recently took steps to ensure that companies could use the same safety belt reminder systems used for the European markets in the United States.
NHTSA has prepared a detailed report from focus groups and one-on-one in-depth interviews as part of the National Academy of Science's (NAS) study on determining consumer acceptance of different safety belt reminder technologies. NHTSA's report has been delivered to NAS, which is currently preparing its final report.
In addition, the agency recently made clear in response to an interpretation request that manufacturers may voluntarily install vehicle interlocks, even though NHTSA may not base a compliance test on them. The agency understands that public acceptance of such systems is a concern to manufacturers that might consider voluntary installation of interlocks.
NHTSA will continue to encourage manufacturers to voluntarily install enhanced safety belt reminder systems on all vehicles, and will also encourage manufacturers to offer interlock devices as options to consumers who desire these devices. NHTSA will also encourage manufacturers to explore consumer demand for evidence-based devices. In addition, NHTSA will consider providing consumer information on vehicles equipped with safety belt reminder systems as part of the New Car Assessment Program (NCAP), so that consumers can easily identify which vehicles are equipped with these devices.
NHTSA will continue to monitor and assess the effectiveness and acceptability of safety belt reminder systems, as well as any voluntarily installed interlock measures. The agency may wish to pursue a strategy to encourage the insurance industry to offer incentives to individual and group (including fleet) policyholders who purchase interlock-equipped and/or enhanced safety belt reminder-equipped vehicles.
Automobile manufacturers have responded positively to the agency's encouragement by increasingly incorporating enhanced safety belt reminder systems in their new vehicle models, principally in concert with their implementation of the advanced air bag rule. Preliminary data on public response to such systems has also been positive. Based on a study conducted by the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety and Ford Motor Company in 2001, safety belt use increased 5 percentage points (equal to a 17 percent conversion rate) among drivers in vehicles equipped with the Ford BeltMinder™ system.
While interlock systems are effective if left intact, public reaction to interlocks in the 1970s included disabling them. Public education in combination with marketing efforts by manufacturers could enhance public acceptability of these devices. In addition, evidence-based systems can provide direct measurement of safety belt use. In addition, they may even increase overall use, since some part-time users are more likely to wear their safety belts if they are aware that in the event of a crash, the status of their safety belt use or nonuse would be known and recorded.
Safety belt comfort and convenience refers to the design and/or installation
of safety belts to ease fit and accessibility for all vehicle occupants.
TABLE 4: Comfort - Reason for Nonuse
|Part-Time Users
|Hard-Core Nonusers
|Incidence in nonuser population*
|Say they don't use safety belts because of comfort
The agency has considered comfort and convenience of safety belts in the past. FMVSS No. 208 includes requirements regarding the adjustments to lap and shoulder belts for all seating positions: hooks, tension relieving devices, safety belt contact force, latch plate location and access, and retraction of safety belts when doors are opened.
NHTSA will continue its efforts to encourage vehicle and safety belt manufacturers to develop and install safety belt systems that offer improvements to fit and accessibility for all vehicle occupants; especially those classes of occupants (e.g., short-statured persons) for who fit, use and accessibility tend to be concerns. The agency will encourage vehicle manufacturers to market improvements in their safety belt system's comfort and convenience.
In addition, NHTSA will explore the development of a rating system that evaluates and compares vehicle safety belt systems on their ease of fit and accessibility for the majority of vehicle occupants.
The effectiveness of improving comfort and convenience in increasing safety belt use is difficult to estimate. According to the 2000 MVOSS, comfort and convenience was a major issue with nine percent of part-time users.
VI. Conclusion
NHTSA has long been concerned with the consequences of safety belt nonuse. Improving safety belt use is the single most effective strategy the nation can embrace in reducing fatalities and injuries when a motor vehicle crash occurs. However, changing behavior among nonusers is a challenging task. In recognition of this problem, NHTSA has made it one of the agency's highest priorities to increase the use of safety belts and believes the initiatives included in this report will lead to both near-term and longer-term gains in safety belt use.
[1] Glassbrenner, D. Safety Belt and Helmet Use in 2002 – Overall Results, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration Technical Report, DOT HS 809 500, September 2002.
[2] Glassbrenner, D. Safety Belt Use Rates in 2002 – Use Rates in the States and Territories, NHTSA Research Note, DOT HS 809 587, Washington, D.C.: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, May 2003.
[3] Blincoe, L., Seay, A., Zaloshnja, E., Miller, T., Romano, E., Luchter, S., Spicer, R. The Economic Impact of Motor Vehicle Crashes, 2000, (DOT HS 809 446). Washington, D.C.: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, May 2002.
[4] Glassbrenner, D. Safety Belt Use Rates in 2002 – Use Rates in the States and Territories, NHTSA Research Note, DOT HS 809 587, Washington, D.C.: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, May 2003.
[5] Nichols, J. Methods to Increase Seat Belt Usage: A Review of What Works, Washington, D.C.: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, October 2002.
[6] Cosgrove, L. Evaluation of Click It or Ticket Model Programs, NHTSA Research Report and Traffic Tech, DOT HS 809 498, Washington, D.C.: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, November 2002.
[7] Nichols, J. Methods to Increase Seat Belt Usage: A Review of What Works, Washington, D.C.: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, October 2002.


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Top-ranked recipe named "Banana Bread Pudding/bananas Foster Sauce"
Try this Banana Bread Pudding/bananas Foster Sauce recipe, or contribute your own. "Grains" and " New Orleans" are two tags used to describe Banana Bread Pudding/bananas Foster Sauce.
Mix all ingredients for custard. Pour over stale bread cubes in baking dish. On top put raisins, pecans and dot with butter. Let sit 30 minutes. Bake, covered with foil, at 300~ for 1 hour. Uncover and cook for 15 minutes more. SAUCE-Melt sugar in butter and add bananas and saute until soft. Add nutmeg and cinnamon. Remove from heat and add rum and banana liqueur. Return to flame and add vanilla. Arrange a scoop of pudding on a dish, top with sauce and bananas. Source: Chef Brigtsen, New Orleans Posted to MM-Recipes Digest by "John Weber"
|My private notes
Get the free BigOven app on your phone.
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TotallyChef 5 years agoThere are no amounts listed for the ingredients list. How can anyone attempt to make this if there is no reference for amounts or even ratios. Poor recipe presentation

subset: commoncrawl


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- Infowars - http://www.infowars.com -
Law Bans Cash for Second Hand Transactions
Posted By yihan On October 20, 2011 @ 5:21 am In Featured Stories,Old Infowars Posts Style,Tile | Comments Disabled
KLFY News
Thursday, October 20, 2011
Cold hard cash. It's good everywhere you go, right? You can use it to pay for anything.
But that's not the case here in Louisiana now. It's a law that was passed during this year's busy legislative session.
House bill 195 basically says those who buy and sell second hand goods cannot use cash to make those transactions, and it flew so far under the radar most businesses don't even know about it.
"We're gonna lose a lot of business," says Danny Guidry, who owns the Pioneer Trading Post in Lafayette. He deals in buying and selling unique second hand items.
"We don't want this cash transaction to be taken away from us. It's an everyday transaction," Guidry explains.
Guidry says, "I think everyone in this business once they find out about it. They're will definitely be a lot of uproar."
Article printed from Infowars: http://www.infowars.com
URL to article: http://www.infowars.com/law-bans-cash-for-second-hand-transactions/
Click here to print.
Copyright © 2015 Infowars. All rights reserved.


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Posts by Spoonguard
75 posts • joined 13 Oct 2007
BBC Micro:bit delayed by power supply SNAFU
Chinese orbital docking starts long march to space station
The Register and Australia-New Zealand
If I wanted to read theregister.com.au then why would I be visiting theregister.co.uk? Geolocation is very counterproductive
Windows Phone 7 to get cut'n'paste shortly, says Ballmer
Adding it should be easy
They can just copy-and-paste it.
oh wait...
iPad's biggest rival? Microsoft's dead Courier
Useful tablet computers
Tablets work best when you can write on them. Unfortunately at the moment the screen hardware on available tablets isn't up to scratch. And, like voice recognition, the software stack is unable to cope with the wide variety of divergent styles. The OCR have to work at greater than 99% efficiency, and the operating system must store and associate the raw input data on every level for when the OCR fails. We would still be using newton (successors) if these problems had been solved already.
When someone gets this right, will we even notice? The tablet niche is a toy at the moment, little better than a oversized iPod.
Fanboi primer: How to move your iTunes from PC to Mac
I have a much simpler 2 step system
1) On XP machine, delete itunes
2) Reduce Mac to molten slag
Opera feted for playing chicken with Steve Jobs
Opera Mini isn't a web browser
It's more like a terminal client for a web browsing service. It is more akin to WAP than the web, considering some stuff won't even load (like this very page, for instance!) and even the the pages that do work (admittedly the majority) sometimes have their URLs mismatched.
It's still useful however. Data isn't cheap.
ViewSonic outs Windows/Android 10in tablet
Android MARKET
I don't know what you are on about, but the Android Market can work over WiFi or any internet connection for that matter - it just needs to be on the list of models permitted to access the market.
Google's Schmidt satirised as privacy pervert
As I understand it, Phorm identified you by your IP address, and sniffed from what must be the majority of your web traffic, maybe more, and was opt out: you would have to present a special cookie to stop the ads but probably not the sniffing.
Google's services are opt in: Google is not sniffing all your traffic, It can only keep records from google sites you have visited. If you reject cookies from google this information becomes difficult if not impossible to tie together if your IP is dynamic. Additionally, You can opt out of most google advertising by rejecting webpage scripting.
In short, being with a Phorm ISP would have been detrimental to your overall web service; the only way Google would effect your web service is if you actually use it . Sadly I suspect you cannot tell the difference google and the internet.
Google lands Gmail video chat on Linux
Don't count on it
As far as I can tell Jingle is peer to peer, at least on the desktop client. VoIP is just a add-on service that makes it more likely that you will be using using the email and XMPP-IM services that can have ads served to them.
The only "doing nothing but evil" is your misplaced paranoia. It should be redirected at some other, actual Googevil methings...
'Death to browsers!' cries Apple mobile-app patent
Only Apple would try to patent Sadism and Masochism!
Mozilla tames Firefox tab monster with Candy
Tab Bar still sucks
And I already have extensions to search my tabs. This seems like more pointless cruft that I don't need - My tree tab bar already can deal with hundreds of Tabs.
iPhones dialling up premium-rate bills again
Trojan Dialer?
How are these applications dialing numbers in the first place? Surely a sensible phone OS would sandbox such hazardous behaviour!
Treasury pulls plug on Wiki-cutback site
This seems familar
I am reminded of the New Zealand legislation wiki. That got mysteriously shut down too after quite a few unorthodox revisions of the source material:
"For within these wikis was bound the strength and the will to govern each nation.
But they were, all of them, deceived; for another wiki was made. In the land of New Zealand, in the fires of Mount Doom, the Dark Lord Helen Clark forged, in secret, a master wiki.
And into this wiki she poured her cruelty, her malice and her will to dominate all life.
One wiki to rule them all.
One by one, the free lands of earth fell to the power of the internet."
Apple iPhone forums gripped by deleted thread paranoia
Thom Your is Big Brother???!
why hold it at all?
If you hold it in your hand then there is a slight chance that people might not see you have an iphone
Oz privacy boss says Google Wi-Fi slurp breached law
"What do you mean, you collected some of my personal infomation??! I was only shouting it onto the street, it's your fau/t for listening!!!!!!"
Acer Aspire 1825PT 11.6in touchscreen notebook
Windows tablets didn't fail due to being underspec'd
They failed because most tablets had crap sensors that couldn't be justified with their increased cost.
Also you would think they wpuld include a capacitive stylus or something. Tablets are supppsed to be. for handwriting.
Popular apps don't bother with Windows defences
Oh but Foxit has security problems of it's own
Despite being a magnitude lighter and less complicated than Acrobat Reader, Foxit has had some quite serious vulnerabilities. For example, Foxit would execute arbitrary shell commands embedded in a pdf automaticly without any prompt or permission. This "feature" has since been mitigated but one wonders what other vulnerabilities lurk inside...
Google's Android market needs Jobsian strongman
Trust... nobody?
Do you trust Apple? or your carrier? your ISP? your handset manufacturer? the government? what about your neighbours?
How do you know what they are sending back and storing, and why are you not boycotting them all also?
If Google's collection of information about you was a real concern I doubt you would use the internet to make this post!
Google risks OEM wrath for unified Android UI plan
Vendor Trash
For every SenseUI quality UI there are at least 3 times the number of Touchwiz abominations. I don't think these overlays are going to be missed much.
DoS attack stuffs Turkey's internet censors
Turkey is leading the way
The target of this censorship is videos ridiculing Turkeys secular nationalist cult, so yeah, Turkey is struggling against suffocating theoacracy in favour of good old smothering Anglo-style fascism. But is it with the help or against that *Criminal* Court of Peace? Who knows, perhaps something was lost in translation.
Tech resource woes won't be solved with Afghan minerals
The large twit
IIRC the guy who made the "small people" comment is Swedish.
Native Oz ducks being raped to extinction
Fucking ducks man
EU Parliament plans Google-powered paedo detector
...are our three weapons!
Surprise and fear and internet search logs and a almost fanatical dedication to the President of the European Council
Steve Jobs – Apple's not business, it's personal
Appleing security
So iPads allowed apps to clandestinely collect and send information about their location and whatever, and now they can't because Apple couldn't keep their internal development private. Can someone explain how I am supposed to trust Apple devices with my private infomation when their entire security effort seems to consist only as a policy document?
Sent from my Android
Boobquake fails to destroy planet
Don't think this could happen
The pope is the absolute sovereign of a independent state, do you honestly think he is going to extradite himself? And what exactly would that accomplish?
Microsoft's 'record' quarter can't match Apple
With these massive profits apple shareholders must be looking forward to a huge dividend eh?
Ten free apps to install on every new PC
Why bother installing?
Half of these applications don't need to be installed, they can be used portably. see http://www.portableapps.com
Internet abuzz with BitTorrent bypass code
We Await Silent Tristero's Empire
Desktop Colour Laser Printers: Best Buys
Probably not collusion
Don't confuse collusion with incompetence.
vBulletin denies busting downloads in paid-up protester ban
vBulletin seems to bring out the worst in admins, this seems to be no exception.
South Africa official calls for 'outright ban' on pornography
A bold maneuver
Next they should try and make rape illegal
China brands Tibet beating video fake
Gangrene ...
...Is the fakest of wounds, necrosis is nonexistant glorious peoples republic
Google in Chrome rebetafication
But does it fix the textarea bug?
being able to delete what I have written with impunity would be nice....
Nvidia seeks 'PC soul' software
A computer with a soul = bad computer
Since when have computers meant to unstable and incorporeal, temperamental and prone to superstitions?
I sincerely hope I can buy my next computer from someone who defines their business model on things that are well defined and observable rather than the First Church of Glide.
Samsung unsheathes screaming phone
I bet the dynamic range is poor at 100db
The speaker quality of mobile phones is getting worse and worse these days.
Microsoft courts customers for search help
Conceived in a Pub?
It seems unlikely....
Microsoft celebrates 10,000 US patents
I'm going to patent software patents!
but I better watch out for the troll who patents software patent patents
that underhanded bastard...
Rapists should be raped, declares Jordan
oh, those crazy Jordanians
no wait
Spy chief to Obama: Let DARPA fix economy
Could we make a robot that denies the holocaust
Fantasy author hired to pen Doom 4 plot
No! I must kill the demons
The radio said "No, John. You are the demons"
And then John was a zombie.
Indian court urged to 'ban Google Earth'
Outlaw the Earth
only way to be sure
We begin bombing in five minutes.
Brand new Star Trek prequel pics and trailer
So what of Scot Pegg...
who say there will even bet Scots in the 24th century? iirc this particular future seems to be crushed under the boot of a socialist America culture.
Congratulations, Barack — Now fix your websites
Reactionaries for life
I was hating change.gov before it was cool
Republicans adopt 'Gore's internet' for grassroots salvation
how qt
the webpage looks like it's on a blackboard on a pile of papers! how endearing! how 1998! these folks defiantly have my vote!
French record labels sue, um, SourceForge
Well I guess it's back to Minitel for them
down with the bourgeois interweb
Azure, Windows 7 and it's OK for MS to hate Vista, too
The oggvorbis "Podcast" gave me MONO!
North Korea photoshops stroke from Kim Jong Il
In Stalinist Korea
Photoshop Strokes You!
Report: Obama, McCain campaigns hit with 'sophisticated' cyberattack
Well at least SOMEONE knows their policies now....


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March 17, 2014
Star News
HEART/nta, CSJP to train residents in construction
Rasbert Turner, Star Writer
The Human Employment and Resource Training Trust/National Training Agency (HEART/NTA), in collaboration with the Citizen Security and Justice Programme (CSJP), has embarked on a programme to train 20 Central Village, St Catherine, residents in general construction.
The participants recently received orientation at the Windsor Heights Community Centre.
''We are training you for one year to be certified tradesmen in masonry,carpentry and steel work. It will be a practical course where you will be given tests and assessed based on how well you do on the competence,'' deputy manager of HEART, Leroy Lindsay, told the participants ages 18 to 62.
He said once certified, they can work with worldwide certification, as while many have the skills, it's more acceptable to be certified.
''I am 62-years-old and am very pleased to be getting certified, as I have been building houses since 1972, but now I realise that certification is very important to the industry. I am even more pleased to have several of the youth in the community involved,'' resident and participant, Elif Headley, said.
The 12-month course will see the participants being taken through all aspects of the construction industry.
Member of Parliament Denise Daley endorsed the programme as positive for the community and promised to constantly monitor its progress.
Home | Gleaner Blogs | Gleaner Online | Go-Jamaica | Go-Local | Feedback | Disclaimer | Advertisement | Privacy Policy | Contact Us


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Archive: June 2014
Becoming the GEICO Gecko
By Andrea Paton-Ash on June 24, 2014 at 3:50 PM
Ever wonder what it's like to be advertising icon the GEICO Gecko? Our D.C. office held a Gecko Appreciation Lunch to honor past and present Gecko costume wearers, and I was honored to participate in the Gecko auditions! Fun fact: you can't see your feet! At each event, the Gecko has a full-time handler who […]
Posted in: Marketing & Communications, Working at GEICO
Memory of the Month: Miles of files
By Greg Marsh on June 20, 2014 at 2:00 PM
During my career, now in its fourth decade, I've seen a lot of things change here at GEICO. But there have also been some constants; for example, we've always been a data-intensive company. When I started here in 1984, our IT operations were more or less in their infancy. We were converting paper policy records […]
Posted in: Working at GEICO
GEICO associates show heart and 'sole' for Leukemia/Lymphoma fundraiser
By Guest Blogger on June 17, 2014 at 3:54 PM
By guest blogger Lucinda King, planning You know those old shoes that you rarely wear anymore that have been sitting in your closet for ages? Turns out they can make a big difference in peoples' lives. Who would have thought? Associates in GEICO's San Diego regional office recently put their old shoes to good use […]
Posted in: Odds & Ends, Working at GEICO
Virginia Beach associates are up to the task
By Alex Danoff on June 13, 2014 at 3:03 PM
Ever since GEICO opened its doors in 1936, our company has had a strong bond to the military. That connection was recently reinforced when associates in GEICO's Virginia Beach office showed their commitment to military members by organizing a care package drive. The beneficiaries of this effort were the members of Task Force Attack, 159th […]
Posted in: Working at GEICO
GEICO associates think and go 'Gecko' green
By Rachel Meemken on June 11, 2014 at 4:03 PM
When it comes to saving some green, GEICO delivers the savings to customers all across the country. When it comes to being green, I am sure we can all agree that the Gecko stands out. And when it comes to thinking green … that's where our associates can truly shine. For years, giving back to […]
Posted in: Working at GEICO
Crampton enjoys May's firsts – a daughter and a victory
By Guest Blogger on June 6, 2014 at 2:53 PM
By guest blogger Kurt Wirth, marketing The past couple of weeks have been exciting times for GEICO-sponsored Top Fuel driver Richie Crampton. After his daughter, Emma, was born on May 20, Crampton approached the upcoming Toyota NHRA Summernationals with a renewed vigor. In his rookie season, he notched his first career Top Fuel victory at […]
Posted in: Marketing & Communications
A sneak peak at your new mobile experience
By Nathan Erb on June 5, 2014 at 7:36 AM
Mobile apps are supposed to make your life easier, and the new GEICO Mobile app will do just that! Our mobile team knows what you want and has listened to all your feedback. As an avid GEICO app user, I can vouch that the all-new app is all about you with updates that meet your […]
Posted in: On the Web


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Extended-release meds could help treat alcohol, opioid dependence better
Researchers have suggested that a comparatively new form of a medication for alcohol and opioid dependence that's injected once a month instead of taken orally once a day appears to be significantly more effective than some other medications.
The medication in the study that was found to be more effective than some past approaches was extended-release Naltrexone, which is administered once a month by injection in a medical setting. The research was supported by Alkermes, Inc., the manufacturer of that medication.
Dan Hartung, an associate professor in the Oregon State University/Oregon Health and Science University College of Pharmacy, and lead author on the study, said some of these medications are opioid antagonists, which reduce the euphoric effects of alcohol and some drugs.
Hartung said historically, oral medications for substance abuse have not often been prescribed or found to have a high degree of success, mostly because patients stopped taking them.
He said but there are patients who are committed to treating their problems and data showed that they clearly appear to have success with extended-release Naltrexone, which is administered just once a month.
The new meta-analysis combined findings from five other papers, comprising a total of 1,565 patients who received extended-release Naltrexone compared to other therapies for six months, among nearly 60,000 overall patients - the only comprehensive analysis of its type that has been completed.
The findings have been published in the Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment.
(Posted on 15-05-2014)
Free Yearly Horoscope: Select your zodiac sign
Pisces | Aquarius | Capricorn | Sagittarius | Scorpio | Libra | Virgo | Leo | Cancer | Gemini | Taurus | Aries


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GreyGhost said:
Looks like the work of bored children. Have a word with Bloodshedder, he might hand you a mop.
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printz said:
Also, I think better would be to forbid unregistered people from posting, because it will stop anonymous spam bots from working there.
Posts: 6674
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Gez said:
Though there will still be plenty of spambots anyway.
Posts: 625
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New WAD - Lockup: Raw Action Coming Soon. Youtube Channel - for Doom related videos. Corebinder: Raw Action Digon Base: Raw Action Spire Complex
Posts: 4567
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phobosdeimos1 said:
Hmm, how did the Zdoom wiki become so extensive compared to this?
Quasar said:
Because ZDoom has over 9000 fps.
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Chevrolet Volts are now outselling Corvettes. Is the Corvette a flop as well, given the billions of dollars GM has put into Corvette development over the years?
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The dense ruby/purple 2007 Chateauneuf du Pape (90% Grenache and 10% Syrah) is very sexy and rich, with a beautiful nose of blueberry, blackberry, charcoal, and tapenade. Fabulously concentrated, with silky tannins and a layered, rich mouthfeel, this stunning effort is already irresistible, and should drink well for a decade or more. (RP)
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text: Michael Smith/Newsmakers [ BLM Hopeful New Lease Process Minimizes Protests [AUDIO] By Karen Snyder March 18, 2011 A new Bureau of Land Management oil and gas leasing process is in effect for the next auction of parcels with in the Casper field office area. It's hoped the changes will minimize time consuming protests and litigation. Listen Here: Read More|Comment Category: Casper News, Politics, Wyoming News Tags: Bureau of Land Management, Casper Field Office, Joe Meyer, Manager, Oil and Gas Leasing process changes Send to a friend! Share on Facebook Share on Twitter Pin it! Reddit This! Share on Tumblr!


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Posts tagged "call center"
Call center solutions for your business
One of the important call center solutions for your business is order taking. Because call centers operate twenty-four hours a day, seven days a week, a call center is always open for business. Your customers, no matter where they are in the world, can phone and place an order. Call centers can receive your orders over the Internet and process credit cards on the spot. Whether you are selling widgets or lottery tickets, the order is yours. The staff at call centers are trained experts in your product or service, and able to answer questions about specifications, return policies, payment terms and warranty. They will know what promotions are on, and how to process the orders. Another call center solution is client care and maintenance. Staff at call centers are your representative when you aren't available. They are aware of your brand, your marketing style, and are able to forge relationships with customers to keep them satisfied and loyal. Customer satisfaction is paramount to any business, and call centers can ensure that your customers' needs are met promptly and satisfactorily. Call centers handle reservations, for conferences, seminars, sales meetings, classes, restaurants and events. The tracking and details are managed, leaving [...] read more
How important is a call center to a companys business
Businesses know that providing excellent products and services as well as excellent customer service is vital to attracting and maintaining customers as well as increasing profits. In today's highly competitive world, businesses need key strategies and methods to gain a competitive edge. One way a business can gain a competitive edge and ensure customer satisfaction is to use call center services. Outsourcing key business projects to call centers can make the difference between a business generating revenue and not generating revenue. Call center services helps companies quickly boost sales, generate new clients, revamp their services, and improve their image. If truth be told, a call center is a strategic asset that businesses can use to improve customer relations and learn more about customers so they can improve their services. The outcome will be an improved bottom line. As a result, call centers have evolved from once being viewed as cost saving centers, to now being viewed as profit generating centers. Many industries are now benefiting from call center services to improve productivity, improve customer satisfaction, and generate sales. Businesses using call center services include: financial services, retail industry, consumer products, hospitality industry, manufacturing, catalog retailing, and more. A call center [...] read more


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Voices of Bach | June 21 - June 27 2010
Principal oboist of the Berlin Philharmonic and a hugely successful recording artist in his native Germany, Albrecht Mayer is a world-renowned musician and winner of Germany's prestigious ECHO-Klassik as Instrumentalist of the Year. His latest Decca solo album is a celebration of the music of J.S. Bach. The album includes works written specifically for wind instruments (both oboe and cor anglais) as well as great melodies from the choral works in new, authentic arrangements made for this recording by Andreas Tarkmann. Albrecht Mayer is joined by one of Europe's best-known baroque orchestras--The English Concert--who are among the world's finest chamber orchestras with a reputation for inspiring performances of Baroque music. Voices of Bach also features the award winning specialist baroque choir: Trinity Baroque.
Voices of Bach is available at Arkivmusic.com.


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You're just as efficient as a bushy-tailed squirrel at stowing away the tiniest items thanks to this acorn keychain pill case by Gama-Go! Brandishing a metallic finish and white enamel interior, this nut-shaped holder safely stores your daily doses inside its gold-textured screw top. With this oak nut by your side, you'll always have the remedy you need nearby!
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I have a little confession to make. Each year, right around Easter, I am reminded of this deep love I harbor which surfaces in a cyclical fashion with the coming of spring. I mean, not your normal "Oh, I love that sweater on her" or "I just love to curl up on the sofa in front of a roaring fire" kind of love, but that obsessive, slightly creepy "I want to start a life with you and buy you presents" kind of love.
Which is weird, since the object of my ardor is a foodstuff.
Though, to be honest, I've noticed that my passion for food is growing more acute as I have become a middle-aged mother of two and things like heavy drinking, recreational drug use, and sleeping around no longer seem appropriate. Let's just say that eating is one of the few joys of life left to me.
Torta di Pasqua
And Easter in Umbria offers humanity a dish which represents, in my opinion, the apex of culinary accomplishment. Its ne plus ultra. Its climax. (Ok, now I am getting creepy.) My friends, I present to you Torta di Pasqua (also known as Pizza di Pasqua or simply Torta al Formaggio).
The recipe
This savory cheese bread is a traditional Easter dish around these parts and the recipe varies from family to family and is a closely guarded secret handed down through the generations. However, from what I can glean from years of attentive observation, there are a few key ingredients used in all its variants:
- a farmwife, between the ages of 62 and 87
- an amazing amount of lard
- an outdoor wood-burning brick oven
- an astounding amount of lard
- eggs, and a lot of 'em
- an astonishing amount of lard
- parmeggiano, pecorino, and swiss cheese
- an insane amount of lard
- some other stuff, mainly flour and salt
The Preparation
The preparation of this dish begins weeks before baking day, as the farmwives start to hoard their eggs (News flash: farm fresh eggs keep forever, and they don't have to go in the fridge. Things you discover when you move to the country.) as they will be using literally dozens to turn out the numerous mushroom-shaped loaves. I suppose you could even say the preparation begins months before, when they butcher their annual hog at Christmas and put aside the lard (Did I mention the awesome amount of lard? For an explanation as to my non-dogmatic interpretation of vegetarianism which allows for the occasional lard intake, see here.) they will later need for the dough.
The big day
Early on the morning of baking day, the women light the fires in their woodstoves and knead together all the ingredients to make the rich, cheesy bread dough. This is then divided into at least a dozen different tins (many of them refitted industrial sized sardine cans) and left to rest and rise near the warmth of the oven.
Before the flames
Once nicely double or tripled in size and rounded on the top, they are placed into the oven one by one with a large wooden paddle, an olive branch blessed during Mass on Palm Sunday is tucked in with them, a quick prayer to Santa Rita is said (the gist: "Santa Rita, please let our loaves rise""), and the oven door is sealed with mud.
After the flames
When they are done, they should have risen over the sides of their tins to take the shape of giant cupcakes and are shiny and golden on top. As you can see, sometimes Santa Rita is a cunning vixen and they don't rise as much as the bakers would like…leading to the naming of the saint in much different–and probably unprintable–terms.
The elixir of the gods
To slice into one of these torte fresh from the oven is to experience bliss. The lard (did I mention the incredible amount of lard?) yields a short, crumbly crust on the outside and a moist, savory crumb inside dotted with melted cubes of swiss cheese. Some recipes use a bit of pepper in the dough, which I enjoy, though it's tough to get just the right amount without overshadowing the cheese flavor. Our aunt, Zia Anna, gets just the right amount, for example. And I love her for it.
It's otherwordly freshly baked, but can also be frozed and toasted for weeks afterwards…still delicious, though will not bring you to ecstatic tears, which a steaming hot slice certainly can do.


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In the ex-presidency game, there's a lot to be said for sitting at home quietly and letting the new guy take his lumps.
Aside from the occasional presidential library to open or first pitch to throw out, chilling out at home with the missus seems to have been former President George W. Bush's legacy-building gameplan since leaving office in 2008.
According to a major national poll released Tuesday, that strategy is paying off for W.
Gallup pollsters announced Tuesday that the last Bush in office is more popular than our sitting president. Forty-nine percent of Americans now see Bush in favorable terms, compared to 47 percent for President Barack Obama.
Bush's 49/45 approval-to-disapproval rating split in the new poll also is the first time since 2005 – not-so-coincidentally the same year as Hurricane Katrina – that more Americans say they approve of his presidency than don't. It's also a major uptick from his favorability rating low of 35 percent in March 2009. (His high: 87% two months after the 9/11 attacks in 2001).
Bush is even gaining ground among Democrats, who give him a 24 percent approval rating, up 10 percent from his last day in office. Independents have also given Bush a double-digit approval bump since 2009.
The shift seemingly makes sense. When you're the guy watching the late night comedians mock the latest presidential scandal (domestic spying, IRS nosiness, Michelle's bangs) instead of being their target, there's an OK chance some members of the public are going to remember you a little more fondly.
So who would you pick in a popularity, pie-eating or any other kind of presidential contest? Post your pick in the comment section below.


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Apple execs net total of $26.6m for 2007
updated 11:30 pm EST, Wed January 23, 2008
Apple execs salary in 2007
Apple's executive officers have taken home a considerable sum during 2007, with salaries ranging from $500,000 to $700,000, and stock option grants equaling that of the individual's base salary. Despite his infamous $1 yearly salary, CEO Steve Jobs still holds the majority of company stock with 5.5 million shares, 5 million of which was a gift from the company in March 2003. Jobs also received a $43.5 million Gulfstream V jet as a bonus for outstanding performance from 1997 to 1999.
Apple did not issue any other payments to Jobs during the year other than his salary, but the Compensation Committee is considering a supplementary reward due to his leadership.
Since the re-birth of his career at Apple, Steve Jobs has never once sold shares of the company.
All told, Apple's executive team - COO Timothy Cook, VP and CFO Peter Oppenheimer, Senior VP of Retail Ronald Johnson, and Senior VP of iPod Division Tony Fadell - received compensation which ranged from $5.3 million to $8.3 million, considering all stock awards, gifts, and non-equity incentives.


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Experience 650 AM WSM in every way - and anytime! Explore our photo library - you never know who you'll see! Listen to archived performances of the world-famous Grand Ole Opry as well as WSM's other one-of-a-kind programming. Whether your favorite music is bluegrass or classic country, Americana or today's country chart-toppers, our tunes are ready and waiting for you anytime, anywhere. This is one library where you don't have to be quiet. Go ahead and crank it up—whatever it is you want to hear!
You must install the latest version of Adobe Flash Player to listen to the live stream and archive shows.
Couldn't make it to CMA Music Fest this year? WSM has got you covered! Listen to all of the performances from this year's Durango Music Spot Stage!
Click here to visit the Durango Music Spot Archive Page
Here they are...the biggest 30 songs that were played on WSM in 2013! Hosted by Kevin Anderson, we look back on the BIG year that was 2013 with 30 BIG songs. Did your favorite songs make the cut? Find out here.
PHOTOS: Want more? Click here to see pictures from our 2011 Year In Review on our Facebook page!


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Springfield Museums Events July 2013
Performance: Bonnie Duncan
July 31st, 1:00 pmMichele & Donald D'Amour Museum of Fine Arts
Squirrel Stole My Underpants
This tale explores that delicate time in childhood when you desperately want to be a grown up but you still need your blanket to make you feel safe. Sylvie is sent to the backyard to hang up the laundry. The moment her back is turned, a mischievous squirrel steals her favorite piece of clothing. When Sylvie gives chase, an entire world emerges from her laundry basket, and curious characters show her the way through mysterious lands. Puppetry, dance, and physical theatre are used to fill the unordinary world of one lonely girl with many friends, foes, and magical creatures. Seating is limited.
Free with museum admission!
Select a day above to view events for that week.


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COLONIE Gene DeGeorge officially has until the end of April to vacate the Chip Shots premises at the Town of Colonie Golf Course after the Town Board passed a resolution ratifying a notice of termination for the concession vendor at the Thursday, April 5, meeting.
The eviction is a move that the Chip Shots owner and six-year operator of the sports grill said has him reeling and a bit confused.
"We assumed we were under a four-year contract until several weeks ago when they notified us that we were month to month and followed up a few days later with an eviction notice," said DeGeorge. "We were quite surprised. We asked why and the senior attorney basically turned his head to me and said, 'You know why,' and walked away."
It's also almost certainly the impetus for a future lawsuit.
"I anticipate a lawsuit so I can't comment too much more," said Town Attorney Mike Maggiulli. "It's not something the town takes lightly, and we've been trying to address this issue with the operator for over four years."
DeGeorge said he "assumes" the four-year issue Maggiulli was referring to is in regard to equipment repairs he thought the town should have handled.
"We had a few problems with the equipment along the way, which we assumed, according to our contract, was being taken care of but it never did get taken care of," said DeGeorge. "I can only assume that is what the town attorney was referring to when he said this goes back four years."
DeGeorge maintains that he made lease payments in a timely fashion unless there was a reason he felt he was justified to withhold for a period of time.
"I never had to make a late payment and lived up to the terms of the contract," said DeGeorge. "I maybe withheld a payment in the years if an ice machine wasn't repaired and I had to go buy ice, I felt I was justified. … Those were the stipulations made in the contract, as long as I didn't maliciously do damage to the machine, I wasn't responsible."
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Published Sunday, November 25, 2012
A letter writer said it is a bargain that every American is only saddled with $54,000 per person on the debt and that the $16 trillion is from the last 236 years of running the government.
In the last four years, the debt has increased over $6 trillion. Welfare cost since 1966 has been more then all the wars America has been involved in the last 236 years.
The latest figures on what each person owes on the debt is over $60,000. But if you figure only half the nation pays personal income taxes then the debt for 50 percent of the nation is over $120,000.
The writer also says for that $54,000, our children and grandchildren will inherit the world's best economy. He might want to look around, since we borrow billions from the Chinese. The education system is not free and not the best in the world, and the military is being gutted along with NASA.
As far as taking care of our own, the people in the Northeast may not agree with that comment that anyone in the world would be happy to pay $54,000 to live in America. They don't have to do that. They can come for free by just crossing the border and getting food stamps, welfare, cell phone and vote Democrat.
Tom Quattlebaum, Newnan


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Retreat to a charming town along the St. Croix River in Minnesota, for $95 per night -- that's a 50% savings on current prices. This deal at the Water Street Inn is available Sundays-Thursdays through May.
For $35 more per night, upgrade to a two-room suite with a sitting room. Other rooms are also available at a discount.
Stroll Main Street lined with shops and restaurants, or snuggle up on a horse-drawn carriage ride through the picturesque town. As the snow melts in the spring, take a riverboat cruise or fly high above the charming town with a hot air balloon ride.
Stillwater is on the Wisconsin-Minnesota border about 40 minutes from Minneapolis and 30 minutes from St. Paul.
Not available on: Feb. 12, 14, 20-21. Other room types may be available at a discounted rate.
Please go to your email and confirm your subscription.


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Brandon Knight of the Detroit Pistons poses with award winner during... Fotografia de notíciasBasquetebol,Basquetebol - NBA Pro,Birmingham,Brandon Knight - Jogador de basquetebol,Cerimónia dos Óscares,Desporto,Detroit Pistons,EUA,Horizontal,Michigan,Prémio,Retrato,VencerPhotographer Allen EinsteinCollection: National Basketball Association 2013 NBAEBIRMINGHAM, MI - MARCH 7: Brandon Knight #7 of the Detroit Pistons poses with award winner during the Pistons Academy Awards ceremony at Birmingham Groves High School on March 7, 2013 in Birmingham, Michigan. NOTE TO USER: User expressly acknowledges and agrees that, by downloading and/or using this Photograph, user is consenting to the terms and conditions of the Getty Images License Agreement. Mandatory Copyright Notice: Copyright 2013 NBAE (Photo by Allen Einstein/NBAE via Getty Images)


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February 2015
Microsoft Mobile Oy ("Microsoft Mobile") Privacy Policy explains how your personal data is processed in context of respective products and services. By joining the Product Improvement Program ("Program") you provide Microsoft Mobile with important information relating to the use of our products so that we can improve them. We may also use the information to personalise content to you.
Microsoft Mobile is the data controller for the Program.
What information do we collect?
The Program collects the following information about your device, and applications and services on the device. This may also include applications provided by other than Microsoft Mobile as well as Microsoft Mobile applications on third party device platforms.
Device, application and service usage. This includes device related data, such as device model, operator, country, unique identifier of the device in association with a particular event, for example start and stop events, menu accessed, feature selected or default value changed. System or device status related information may also be collected, for example battery level and if an accessory, for example a headset, is plugged in.
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Feedback. This includes information such as the score or other rating you give and other feedback you may decide to give to us.
How we use the information we have collected?
Improvement of products and services
The collected information helps us focus our improvement efforts to things that are most relevant to our consumers and to avoid error situations in the future. For these purposes, Microsoft Mobile may combine information collected by the Program with other data it may have, e.g. data collected from other Microsoft Improvement Programs.
The collected information helps the parties give you a more personalised experience. To highlight features and services you may find interesting, and if you subscribe to marketing communication, to tailor the marketing messages to you, Microsoft Mobile may combine information collected by the Program with other data it may have.
Note, that Microsoft Mobile only combines data collected by the Program with other data it may have relating to its own products and services.
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Your participation in the Program is voluntary. You may choose to turn the Program on and off at any time from the settings of the device, application or service. You may find this option under the application's menu or in the central settings menu of the device. The option is called "Product improvement program".
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