text:
Employee: Catherine Doherty
Employer: Shaw's Supermarkets
Self-insurer: Shaw's Supermarkets
Board No.: 040125-02
(Judges Costigan, McCarthy and Carroll)
Peter Georgiou, Esq., for the employee
Edward M. Moriarty, Esq., for the self-insurer
COSTIGAN, J. The employee appeals from a decision in which an administrative judge awarded her closed periods of §§ 34 and 35 incapacity benefits for an accepted industrial injury. The employee contends that the impartial physician, appointed by the department pursuant to § 11A to examine her, was biased against workers in general, and against her specifically. She also argues that the doctor refused to answer a hypothetical question posed to him at his deposition and, therefore, his opinions should have been excluded from evidence. For the reasons that follow, we affirm the decision.
The employee suffered from fibromyalgia prior to commencing employment with Shaw's Supermarkets in October 1999. On June 29, 2002, she sustained a work injury "when she felt sharp pain in her back after unloading and shifting two pallets of produce weighing up to 70 pounds." (Dec. 7.) The employee treated with physical therapy and chiropractic, but her back pain continued. She also complained of pain in her neck, right shoulder and right hip. [1] (Dec. 5-7.)
Initially the self-insurer paid weekly incapacity benefits [2] without prejudice. G. L. c. 152, §§ 7 and 8. The employee filed a claim for continuing total incapacity benefits, which the self-insurer resisted. At the § 10A conference, the self-insurer accepted liability for the June 29, 2002 low back injury, but raised the issues of causal relationship, extent of disability, and the § 1(7A) heightened standard of causation, [3] in defense of the employee's claim. (Dec. 2-3.) The judge awarded § 34 total incapacity benefits from November 30, 2002 and continuing, and the self-insurer appealed.
On June 12, 2003, the employee underwent a § 11A impartial medical examination by Dr. Edgar W. Robertson. The impartial physician noted the employee's pre-existing fibromyalgia, for which she was treating with medication (Mobic) when she started working for Shaw's. The doctor also noted that the employee had degenerative cervical and lumbar spondylosis, which included disc protrusions at different levels with no evidence of nerve root compression. The impartial physician opined that the disc protrusions and degenerative changes predated the employee's employment with the employer. He disabled the employee from returning to her job as a seafood manager, but felt that she could do work involving less lifting, bending, stooping ,and physical activity. The impartial physician opined that when he examined the employee, her disability was no longer causally related to her work injury of June 29, 2002. (Dec. 8.)
At the hearing on May 5, 2004, the judge found the impartial medical report adequate but for the so-called "gap" period between the date of injury and the June 12, 2003 § 11A examination, for which the parties were allowed to submit additional medical evidence. After the employee deposed the § 11A physician, she moved to have the impartial report declared inadequate based on alleged bias of the doctor and medical complexity. The judge denied the motion as to bias but allowed it as to medical complexity. Thus, the parties were permitted to submit additional medical evidence on all issues. (Dec. 3-4.)
When deposed by the employee on June 18, 2004, the impartial physician elaborated on the opinions given in his report. He maintained that the employee's work injury had no impact on her underlying conditions of fibromyalgia and degenerative spondylosis. He opined the employee's continuing symptoms of of pain were not attributable to her work injury. The doctor also noted the employee had progressive arthritis in multiple joints, but no neurological problem. (Dec. 9.)
The judge adopted in part the impartial physician's opinions. He also adopted in part the opinions of the self-insurer's medical expert, Dr. Richard Hawkins. Dr. Hawkins first examined the employee on September 12, 2002. He diagnosed a lumbar strain causally related to the employee's work injury of June 29, 2002, and opined the employee could then return to modified work with limited bending and lifting of no more than twenty pounds. The doctor's opinions remained the same when he re-examined the employee on March 27, 2003, although he also opined the employee likely could resume unrestricted work in four weeks. (Dec. 11-12.)
The judge awarded the employee § 34 benefits through March 26, 2003, and then § 35 benefits, based on a $320 assigned earning capacity, until June 12, 2003, the date of the impartial examination. The judge terminated benefits as of that date, based on the § 11A physician's opinion of no continuing causal relationship between the employee's work injury and her ongoing partial disability. (Dec. 14-16.)
On appeal, the employee points to certain of the § 11A physician's answers on cross-examination as evidence of bias. In assessing whether the judge's finding of no bias is error, we set forth the doctor's testimony in some detail.
The impartial physician testified that the opinions in his report were based on "when I saw her. I didn't see her on the next day [after the work incident]." (Dep. 30.) Contrary to the employee's contention on appeal, the doctor did address employee's counsel's hypothetical question:
Q.: If you have a pre-existing condition such as Ms. Doherty has in this situation, a degenerative process, that as you say may have been going on for years, now . . . if we assume that she was doing her regular duties day in and day out, 8 hours a day, 40 hours a week from the date she got hired at Shaw's until June 12 [sic], 2002 when she reports that she was doing a lot of heavy lifting that day and her back, according to her, without her knowing her medical condition as well as you probably are [sic] from a technical perspective, then she reports that my back now hurts me to the degree that I cannot longer function at that job, my question to you, if we accept these sets of facts as true, would the activities that she performed at work that particular day, could they be the cause of the symptoms to the degree that she experiences them subsequent to the event?
. . .
A.: I have answered the question. I answered it no.
Q.: And the - And your reasoning behind your answer is what?
A.: Well, I tried to explain it. It's because I don't see any physical mechanism where these allegations that you have lined up make sense logically in a medical way.
. . .
You have a degenerative condition which gets worse with age. You have a condition called fibromyalgia which we don't understand but doesn't have much treatment. That doesn't go away spontaneously. You have these underlining [sic] things. You have somebody that maybe did a bit too much one day. She aggravated her preexisting condition and maybe she's going to be sore for a couple of days or a week. [4] Is that person incapable of ever doing work? We don't know because this person never tried to do it. Is that person disabled the rest of her life? Probably not, but we don't know. This person has never been tested. I can see straining something, giving it a few weeks to heal, and then going back. Now, my analogy is an athletic injury. You're an athlete. I can tell. And you have had injuries, and if you wait, they heal up. Do you never go back to that sport? No. If you say I can't go back to that sport, why not? I can't. If someone was -- If you had another reason not to go back to the sport that's another thing. That's called secondary gain which is always in these cases and it is huge.
(Dep. 34-36.) The employee pressed on:
Q.: [A]s of the day you examined her, approximately a year ago, June 2003, it was your opinion that she could not go back and do her job at Shaw's, correct?
A.: Right.
Q.: Now, why couldn't she go back as of that day? What was the reason why she couldn't go back?
A.: Can I quote from the report?
Q.: Sure.
A.: I state my line of reasoning. Her line of work requires considerable strength which this lady does possess; however, it requires considerable flexibility and ability to do her repetitive motions. Because of this patient's degenerative condition in her lumbar and cervical spine this is probably not the best line of work for her.
. . .
Q.: What would be your explanation with regards as to why this woman could perform her work with all these activities that you now agree that she shouldn't undertake prior to the date of this industrial injury as opposed to the day after? . . .
A.: Her arthritis is much worse. It's two years later.
. . .
I think this lady's joints are wearing out all over her body.
Q.: You are saying this wear and tear type of processes that's going on, it all came to the forefront in the one year between the date of the injury and the date of your examination?
A.: That's not what I said.
Q.: What are you saying?
A.: I believe it is an ongoing process getting worse every year. At some point she decided she couldn't work any more.
Q.: So you think this is a conscious decision on her part?
A.: Yes.
Q.: . . . [T]his doesn't have to do with any medical explanation as to what happened to her between June 2002 and June 2003 when you saw her? It has to do with your opinion she is making a conscious decision not to return to that type of work?
A.: I believe, and somebody told her not to. I forgot. One of the doctors said she was disabled, told her not to go back.
Q.: You think this is the reason why she is not back?
A.: I think she feels she can't do it. There is nothing in these medical records that shows me any injury that can be attributed to this work.
. . .
Q.: So, in other words, the type of work that she did for Shaw's for say two or three years, it is your opinion that the physical activities at work had no impact at all in the underlining [sic] conditions?
A.: Correct.
. . .
Q.: [G]iven your diagnosis of degenerative spondylosis, the type of work she was doing at Shaw's, would that have any impact on that condition?
A.: No.
Q.: In terms of worsening?
A.: No.
Q.: Aggravating it?
A.: No.
Q.: Accelerating any symptom manifestation?
A.: Probably not.
(Dep. 39-44.)
The doctor's testimony, pared to its essence, is simply a competent medical opinion that the work injury was not a contributing factor to the employee's partial disability when he examined her. The judge did not err in adopting that opinion.
We turn to the employee's allegations of bias. She alleges that the impartial physician was biased against working people in general. The exchange between counsel and the doctor, upon which this allegation is based, falls short of establishing, as a matter of law, that the doctor was biased. (Dep. 56-58.) We note that his most troubling answer, comparing professionals who like their occupations with working people who do not like their jobs, [5] was not in evidence, as the self-insurer's objection to the preceding question was sustained. (Dec. 4.) However, even if it were in evidence, the testimony could be read to fall within the category of general statements that we have concluded do not rise to the level of bias. See Cramer v. Wal-Mart, 12 Mass. Workers' Comp. Rep. 316 (1998)(impartial physician's general statements concerning secondary gain did not indicate bias).
Regarding the employee's allegation of specific bias against her, again we do not see that the administrative judge had to find bias, as a matter of law. He stated: "I do not find that [the § 11A physician] expressed bias towards the employee . . . nor do I find that allegations made by the employee merit a finding that [the doctor's] report is inadequate as a matter of law." (Dec. 4.) We cannot say that this determination was arbitrary or capricious. See § 11C. The doctor testified that the employee's identification of her physical activities at work on June 29, 2002 as the genesis of all of her symptoms simply did not make sense to him. (Dep. 34-36.) This is a competent medical opinion, and we see no bias reflected in it. Cf. Moynihan v. Wee Folks Nursery, Inc. 17 Mass. Workers' Comp. Rep. 342, 346 (2003)(doctor discredited employee's account of injury, stating explicitly "that [his judgment had] nothing to do with a medical judgment as to what she had"). Indeed, unlike the impartial physician in Moynihan, the doctor here countered employee's counsel's suggestion that he was offering an opinion that was not a "medical explanation." "There is nothing in these medical records that shows me any injury that can be attributed to this work." (Dep. 42.)
As to the judge's determinations of incapacity, his finding of total incapacity from the date of injury to March 27, 2003, whether supported by the evidence or not, stands, as the self-insurer has not appealed the decision. The judge's finding that the employee's incapacity was only partial as of March 27, 2003, is amply supported by Dr. Hawkins's adopted opinion. Dr. Hawkins reexamined the employee on that date and opined that she could then perform modified work with restrictions against repetitive bending and lifting in excess of twenty pounds. He further opined that she could likely resume unrestricted work four weeks from that date. (Dec. 12, 14; Ex. 9.) However, the judge deemed that a speculative opinion, and found causally related partial incapacity for another eleven weeks, until the June 12, 2003 impartial medical examination. (Dec. 12- 13.) Again, in the absence of an appeal by the self-insurer, that award of § 35 benefits stands. Lastly, as discussed infra, the denial of the employee's claim for benefits after June 12, 2003 is warranted by the adopted impartial medical opinion of no continuing causal relationship to the work injury.
Accordingly, we affirm the decision.
So ordered.
Patricia A. Costigan
Administrative Law Judge
William A. McCarthy
Administrative Law Judge
Martine Carroll
Administrative Law Judge
Filed: November 30, 2005
1 The employee testified that in February 2002, she tripped and fell at work, injuring her right hip, shoulder and forearm. Noting the absence of contemporaneous medical records documenting such an accident, the administrative judge found that, any medical diagnosis or treatment to the Employee's right side, right hip and right shoulder and forearm are not causally related to an industrial injury.
Further, I find the Employee did not continue with low back and right hip pain as a result of any work event on this date . . . I do not credit the Employee's testimony that she incurred injury to other than her low back [on June 29, 2002].
(Dec. 6-7.)
2 The self-insurer paid § 34 total incapacity benefits from July 7, 2002 through November 29, 2002, and maximum § 35 partial incapacity benefits thereafter, until the judge's conference order was filed. (Dec. 2.)
3 By raising that defense, the self-insurer assumed "the burden of producing evidence of the predicates to § 1(7A)'s application - the existence of a pre-existing condition, which resulted from an injury or disease not compensable under this chapter, that combines with the compensable injury or disease that is the subject of the claim. . . ." Fairfield v. Communities United, 14 Mass. Workers' Comp. Rep. 79, 82 (2000). The administrative judge made no explicit finding that the self-insurer carried its burden, but certain of his findings touch on the issue: "Any medical diagnosis or treatment to the Employee's right side, right hip and right shoulder and forearm are [sic] not causally related to an industrial injury." (Dec. 6); "I do not credit the Employee's testimony that she incurred injury [at work] to other than her low back." (Dec. 7); and "[t]he Employee's back complaints were the only symptoms causally related to the industrial injury." (Dec. 11.) The judge adopted the § 11A physician's opinions to find that "[f]ibromyalgia is a painful condition accompanied by pain all over the body, and the Employee was on medication for this condition. . . . The Employee has arthritis in multiple joints and it is worse now because of time. . . . [T]he physical activities of the Employee's work had no impact on her underlying condition. . . . The employee's type of work would have no impact on her condition of degenerative spondylosis in terms of aggravating, worsening or probably accelerating her symptoms." (Dec. 9; emphasis added, citations omitted.) The judge also found that "[a] few months following this [work] injury the Employee's right shoulder became painful and at hearing the pain was constant. The Employee experiences constant pain in her neck. I find these symptoms are not causally related to the industrial injury." (Dec. 7.) We see nothing in these subsidiary findings, or in the adopted medical opinions, that proves the "combination" required under § 1(7A). In any event, the judge's award of weekly incapacity benefits up to the June 12, 2003 impartial medical exam, from which the self-insurer did not appeal, and the impartial physician's opinion of no causal relationship between the work injury and the employee's continuing partial disability thereafter, tender the § 1(7A) issue moot.
4 This statement is as close as the § 11A physician gets to the § 1(7A) predicate of combination. It is not close enough.
5 Responding to employee's counsel, Dr. Robertson testified:
Athletes are like lawyers and physicians. They much prefer to continue their occupations. People who do jobs they don't really enjoy that you and I wouldn't really want to do for those kind of wages, are the first to give them up at any opportunity, whereas you and I would continue our jobs because we enjoy them, even if we are in a wheelchair like Perry Mason. (Dep. 58.) Notwithstanding the doctor's confusion as to characters portrayed by actor Raymond Burr on television (ambulatory criminal defense attorney Perry Mason in "Perry Mason" on CBS, 1957-1966, and in made-for-TV movies, 1985-1993, vs. wheelchair-bound chief of detectives Robert Ironside in "Ironside" on NBC, 1967-1975), and his ill-advised sociological musings about individuals' motivations to work, the doctor's ultimate opinions as to disability and causal relationship are unequivocal, and based on medical considerations only.


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subset: commoncrawl


text:
Lewis Wickes HineAmerican (Oshkosh, Wisconsin, 1874 - 1940, Hastings-on-Hudson, New York)
The Cop settles a dispute for the boys, N.Y. West Side
ca. 1910photograph | gelatin silver print
Not on view at this time; find out where you can see works from our collection at locations around the Bay Area while our building is closed for expansion
4 7/8 in. x 6 3/4 in. (12.38 cm x 17.15 cm)
Collection of the Sack Photographic Trust


text:
Mark Struckhoff Executive director of the Council of Churches hopes for a good turnout
- Filed Under
City leaders who are participating in a yearlong project about race relations will unveil a short video Saturday and questions aimed at sparking conversations among family and friends about race and diversity.
For the video, documentary filmmaker Patrick Mureithi interviewed local leaders including Francine Pratt, coordinator of the Drury Scholars Program. Mureithi, the artist in residence at Drury University, said he interviewed seven local people for their personal insights about race.
The Greater Springfield Race & Faith Collaborative will meet 8 a.m. Saturday at the Moxie ...


text:
16 U.S. Code § 5937 - Confidentiality of information
prev | next
Information concerning the nature and specific location of a National Park System resource which is endangered, threatened, rare, or commercially valuable, of mineral or paleontological objects within units of the National Park System, or of objects of cultural patrimony within units of the National Park System, may be withheld from the public in response to a request under section 552 of title 5, unless the Secretary determines that—
(1) disclosure of the information would further the purposes of the unit of the National Park System in which the resource or object is located and would not create an unreasonable risk of harm, theft, or destruction of the resource or object, including individual organic or inorganic specimens; and
Source(Pub. L. 105–391, title II, § 207,Nov. 13, 1998, 112 Stat. 3501.)
LII has no control over and does not endorse any external Internet site that contains links to or references LII.


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Signing up could earn you gear and it helps to keep offensive content off of our site.
Summertime equals slopetime at Perisher Blue. Check out upcoming events, competitions, and more at this Australian resort, where the snow falls in August.
Fresh snowfall and "Celebration of Winter" festivities start up Australian snow season June 8-10, 2007.
Laid-back Australia has sucked us in, and now we're stuck. Ignoring the road signs, we've driven straight through a snowstorm to the entrance of Falls Creek resort.
Head to the southern slopes this summer. Our Southern Hemisphere Ski Guide will provide you with the perfect ski resort and some great deals for an enjoyable vacation from the summer.
Go to skiingmag.com
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Go to warrenmiller.com
Copyright © 2015 Cruz Bay Publishing, Inc. an Active Interest Media Company.


text:
The Burbank City Council unanimously approved changes that city officials said would strengthen the city's code following public backlash over language in its state-required housing element that allowed group homes that don't require licensing in single-family residential neighborhoods.
The changes approved Tuesday have no impact, however, on sober-living homes, which are still allowed in residential neighborhoods.
While resident concerns initially stemmed from group homes, public feedback grew after months of community meetings to include complaints about so-called boarding homes causing over-density, parking problems and traffic, as well as mansionization and what appears to be a growing popularity of short-term vacation rentals in residential neighborhoods through websites like Airbnb.com.
"Until you are that neighbor who is facing the scraping of the lot next door to you and the possibility of an enormous property going up, you just can't understand the fear it really rakes into the existing neighbors," said Jim Casey, a local real estate agent and member of community group Preserve Burbank.
The ordinance explicitly bans boarding houses — which it defines as homes with residents not living as a single common household who pay for lodging for at least 30 days — from residential zones. That means property owners can't rent out individual rooms in their homes, unless the renters meet the city's new definition of "family."
"Family" is now defined as people in a single household that share common areas, housekeeping and household expenses. Additionally, the definition states that the household must rent no more than two individual rooms for compensation under separate leases or rental agreements, unless additional leases are required by a governmental funding program, and new residents must be selected by all existing adult members of the household.
The rules also prohibit homeowners from renting out their properties for short-term vacations if the length of stay is less than 30 days.
City officials called the changes "quick wins," adding that in coming months, the council will consider a moratorium on development while officials draft more extensive rules, like operating standards for group homes.
"It's our best attempt at addressing the issues we've heard in the community while still being respectful and mindful of disabled members of our community that certainly deserve the protection that the state and federal laws allow them," said Joy Forbes, community development director.
Follow Alene Tchekmedyian on Google+ and on Twitter: @atchek.
Burbank Fire Department to charge $100 for emergency visits without transportation
Newly approved charter school says no to proposed location
Burbank police sergeant reportedly placed on administrative leave


text:
Lighted Flashlight Style Loupe
The nicest lighted loupe we've seen in our travels
|Today's Price:$49.95
This can't be beat for close examination of small parts. Features a 30mm lens with 10X magnification; a 12 segment squared measuring grid built in the lens lets you proportion small parts. Flashlight uses 2 "C" cell batteries and a simple sturdy switch turns it on and off. Highly recommended for its quality.
Made in Japan.
Made in Japan.


text:
Depends on your preferences.
If you like warmtone prints I can strongly recommend Alta ZonalPro HQ Warmtone developer. Great stuff, affordable, liquid concentrate, very long lasting once mixed for use.
Combined with warmtone paper and selenium toning it's eliminated any desire I might have had for going back to sepia or other warm toning methods.
OTOH, if you prefer neutral or cold tones this definitely ain't the developer for you. Alta might make another neutral tone developer, tho', I dunno.


text:
Isotretinoin for Proliferative Vitreoretinopathy (DELIVER)
Recruitment status was Active, not recruiting
- Full Text View
- Tabular View
- No Study Results Posted
- Disclaimer
- How to Read a Study Record
Proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR), or secondary scarring on and around the retina, is an important cause of retinal re-detachment. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of oral isotretinoin, which inhibits the growth of cells responsible for proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR), on recurrent retinal detachment.
Proliferative Vitreoretinopathy
Drug: Isotretinoin
Phase 4
|Study Type:
|Study Design:
|Allocation: Non-Randomized
Endpoint Classification: Safety/Efficacy Study
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Open Label
Primary Purpose: Prevention
|Official Title:
|Determining the Effect of Low-dose Isotretinoin on Proliferative Vitreoretinopathy
- Rate of retinal attachment [ Time Frame: 6 months ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]We will evaluate all patients for retinal attachment at 3 and 6-months following enrollment in the study.
- Epiretinal membrane formation [ Time Frame: 6 months ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
|Estimated Enrollment:
|Study Start Date:
|September 2011
|Estimated Study Completion Date:
|August 2013
|Estimated Primary Completion Date:
|August 2013 (Final data collection date for primary outcome measure)
|Assigned Interventions
|Experimental: Primary, high-risk retinal detachment
Drug: Isotretinoin
Isotretinoin 20mg daily for 12 weeks
Experimental: Recurrent RD associated with PVR
Oral isotretinoin on recurrent retinal detachment associated with Proliferative vitreoretinopathy
Drug: Isotretinoin
Isotretinoin 20mg daily for 12 weeks
Detailed Description:
Small retrospective studies have shown isotretinoin to be effective in reducing the rate of recurrent retinal detachment in patients with or at high risk for developing PVR. This is a prospective study to evaluate a low dose of oral isotretinoin in this regard. There are two arms to the study: 1) eyes with recurrent retinal detachment due to existing PVR, and 2) eyes with primary detachment and features associated with a high risk of PVR formation. Eligible and willing patients will receive a 12-week course of isotretinoin, and will be followed for retinal attachment rate, and PVR and/or ERM (epiretinal membrane) formation.
|Ages Eligible for Study:
|18 Years to 80 Years
|Genders Eligible for Study:
|Accepts Healthy Volunteers:
Inclusion Criteria:
- 18-70 year-old men or 50-70 year-old, post-menopausal women.
- Healthy enough to participate in the study.
- Willing and able to consent to participation.
- Recurrent PVR-associated RD occurring at least 2 weeks after RD repair or
- Primary RD (retinal detachment) associated with one or more high-risk features
Exclusion Criteria:
- History of hypersensitivity to isotretinoin.
- Current use of a corticosteroid (excluding topical).
- Any history of depression, anorexia, liver or pancreatic disease.
- More than one prior surgical RD repair.
- Patients with closed funnel retinal detachments.
- Patients with chronic retinal detachment, defined as longer than 12 weeks.
- Any use an oral retinoid within 6 months.
- Systemic chemotherapy within 6 months.
- Patients taking supplemental vitamin A.
- Corneal opacity sufficient to impair surgical view.
- Proliferative diabetic retinopathy.
Please refer to this study by its ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01445028
|United States, Pennsylvania
|Wills Eye Institute
|Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States, 19107
|Principal Investigator:
|Richard S Kaiser, MD
|Wills Eye Institute
No publications provided
|Responsible Party:
|Richard S. Kaiser, Associate Clinical Professor, Wills Eye
|ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:
|NCT01445028 History of Changes
|Other Study ID Numbers:
|Study First Received:
|September 29, 2011
|Last Updated:
|June 18, 2013
|Health Authority:
|United States: Food and Drug Administration
Additional relevant MeSH terms:
Vitreoretinopathy, Proliferative
Eye Diseases
Retinal Diseases
Dermatologic Agents
Pharmacologic Actions
Therapeutic Uses
ClinicalTrials.gov processed this record on October 13, 2015


text:
Twinlab, Liquid C, Citrus, 8 fl oz (240 ml)
By Twinlab19 Reviews
Expiration Date:?Oct 2017
Expiration Date
The length of time for the expiration date or "best used before" date depends on the type of product, as well as the brand.
Perishable items (such as flax oils or certain probiotics) generally have shorter expiration dates. Although our warehouse is fully air-conditioned, these more fragile items are put in cold storage (freezer or refrigeration unit) for maximum freshness.
Our receiving department does its best to verify and then enter the correct expiration dates for all incoming products. However, discrepancies do occur from time to time. This being said, the exceptionally high turnover at iHerb ensures that our inventory is among the freshest in the industry.
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- Product Code: TWL-00720
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- Dietary Supplement
- Same Formula in Shatterproof Bottle
Nutritionally Supports
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Twinlab's Liquid C is a pleasant testing liquid formula for more efficient digestion, absorption, assimilation and utilization. Vitamin C is a powerful antioxidant, which supports a healthy immune system and helps fight free radical damage. It also is beneficial in promoting the development of collagen, a key building block for muscles, skin, bone and teeth.
Suggested Use
Take one teaspoonful daily or as directed by a health care professional. May be mixed with your favorite juice or beverage.
Shake well before using.
Other Ingredients
Glycerin, water, sorbitol, natural flavors.
Lemon bioflavonoids, rutin and hesperidin do not completely dissolve and may cause the solution to appear cloudy. To disperse these ingredients, shake well before using.
Refrigerate after opening.
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If you are pregnant or nursing, taking any medication, or have any medical condition, consult a health care professional before use.
Keep out of reach of children.
|Supplement Facts
|Serving Size: 1 Teaspoon (5 ml)
|Servings per Container: 48
|Amount Per Serving
|Total Carbohydrate
|4 g
|Vitamin C (as ascorbic acid and calcium ascorbate)
|300 mg
|Lemon Bioflavonoids
|100 mg
|Rose Hips Seed Extract
|10 mg
|10 mg
|Hesperidin Complex
|10 mg
|Acerola Fruit Extract
|5 mg
|**Percent Daily Values (DV) are based on a 2,000 calorie diet.
† Daily Value (DV) not established.
iHerb Customer Reviews
Banged my head into a wall for four months and could not find out what caused my diarrhea until started eliminating supplements and what do you know, sorbitol was the culprit. Twinlab is filled with sorbitol without any good reason and it is way too sweet anyway, choose Dynamic Health instead, it is cheaper, better tasting and is closer to natural stuff.
It´s an okay option I guess, but the taste is extremely sweet and unnatural. Will not repurchase.


text:
|Nickname: The Friendly Isle
Satellite image of Molokaʻi.
|260 sq mi (670 km2)
|Area rank
|5th largest Hawaiian Island
|Highest elevation
|4,961 ft (1,512.1 m)
|Highest point
|ʻŌmaʻomaʻo (green)
|7,345 [1] (as of 2010)
|28 /sq mi (10.8 /km2)
Molokaʻi or Molokai (/ˈmɒləkaɪ/; Hawaiian: [ˈmoloˈkɐʔi]), often called the "Friendly Island", is an island in the Hawaiian archipelago. It is 38 by 10 miles (61 by 16 km) in size at its extreme length and width with a usable land area of 260 square miles (673.40 km2), making it the fifth largest of the main Hawaiian Islands and the 27th largest island in the United States.[2] It lies east of Oʻahu across the 25-mile (40 km) wide Kaiwi Channel and north of Lānaʻi, separated from it by the Kalohi Channel. The lights of Honolulu are visible at night from the west end of Molokaʻi, while nearby Lānaʻi and Maui are clearly visible from anywhere along the south shore of the island. The shape of Molokai Island can be recalled as that of a shoe or a fish.
Molokaʻi is built from two distinct shield volcanoes known as East Molokaʻi and the much smaller West Molokaʻi. The highest point is Kamakou[3] on East Molokaʻi, at 4,970 feet (1,510 m). Today, East Molokaʻi volcano, like the Koʻolau Range on Oʻahu, is what remains of the southern half of the original mountain. The northern half suffered a catastrophic collapse about 1.5 million years ago and now lies as a debris field scattered northward across the bottom of the Pacific Ocean.[4] What remains of the volcano on the island include the highest sea cliffs in the world.[5] Views of these sea cliffs are presented in the movie Jurassic Park III. The south shore of Molokaʻi boasts the longest fringing reef in the U.S. and its holdings—nearly 25 miles (40 km) long.[6]
Molokaʻi is part of the state of Hawaiʻi and located in Maui County, except for the Kalaupapa Peninsula, which is separately administered as Kalawao County. Maui County encompasses Maui, Lānaʻi, and Kahoʻolawe in addition to Molokaʻi. The largest town on the island is Kaunakakai, which is one of two small ports on the island. Molokai Airport is located on West Molokaʻi. The United States Census Bureau divides the island into three census tracts: Census Tract 317 and Census Tract 318 of Maui County, Hawaii, and Census Tract 319 of Kalawao County, Hawaii. The total 2010 census population of these was 7,345,[7] living on a land area of 260.02 square miles (673.45 km2).[8] Molokaʻi is separated from Oʻahu on the west by the Kaiwi Channel, from Maui on the southeast by the Pailolo Channel, and from Lānaʻi on the south by the Kalohi Channel.
Molokaʻi is split into two main geographical areas. The low western half is very dry and the soil is heavily denuded due to grazing by goats and poor land management practices. It lacks significant ground cover and virtually the entire section is covered in non-native kiawe (Prosopis pallida) trees. One of the few natural areas remaining almost intact are the coastal dunes of Moʻomomi, which are part of a Nature Conservancy preserve.
The eastern half of the island is a high plateau rising up to an elevation of 4,900 ft (1,500 m) on Kamakou peak and includes the 2,774 acres (11.23 km2; 4.334 sq mi) Molokai Forest Reserve.[9] The eastern half is covered with lush wet forests that get over 300 in (7,600 mm) of rain per year. The high elevation forests are populated by native ʻōhiʻa lehua (Metrosideros polymorpha) trees and an extremely diverse endemic flora and fauna in the understory. Much of the summit area is protected by the Nature Conservancy's Kamakou and Pelekunu valley preserves. Below 4,000 feet (1,200 m), the vegetation is dominated by exotic flora, including strawberry guava (Psidium littorale), eucalyptus (Eucalyptus spp.), and cypress (Cupressus spp.). Introduced axis deer (Axis axis) and feral pigs (Sus scrofa) roam native forests, destroying native plants, expanding exotic plants through disturbance and distribution of their seeds, and threatening endemic insects. Near the summit of Kamakou is the unique Pepeʻopae bog, where dwarf ʻōhiʻa and other plants cover the soggy ground. .
Molokaʻi is home to a great number of endemic plant and animal species. However, many of its species, including the olomaʻo (Myadestes lanaiensis), kākāwahie (Paroreomyza flammea), and the Molokaʻi ʻōʻō (Moho bishopi) have become extinct. Molokaʻi is home to a wingless fly among many other endemic insects.
Molokaʻi was first settled around 650AD by peoples most likely from the Marquesas Islands. Later migrants likely came from Tahiti and other south Pacific islands. Although Captain James Cook sighted Molokaʻi in 1778, the first European sailor to visit the island was Captain George Dixon in 1786.[10] The first significant European influence came in 1832 when a Protestant mission was established at Kaluaʻaha on the East End of the island by Reverend Harvey Hitchcock. In the late 1800s, King Kamehameha V built a vacation home in Kaunakakai and was responsible for the planting of over 1,000 coconut trees in Kapuaiwa Coconut Grove.[11]
Leper Colony[edit]
Kalaupapa, located on an isolated peninsula on the northern side of Molokaʻi, was the site of a leper settlement from 1866 to 1969. Thousands of men, women and children living throughout the Hawaiian islands diagnosed with leprosy (also known as Hansen's disease) were exiled to the colony by the Hawaiian government and legally declared dead. This public health measure was continued after the Kingdom became a U.S. territory. Patients were not allowed to leave the settlement nor have visitors and had to live out their days in this isolated settlement. There are currently no active cases of leprosy on the island, but there are some former patients who chose to continue to live in the settlement after its closure.[12][13]
Molokaʻi is distinguished as the longtime residence of Father Damien de Veuster, a Belgian priest of the Congregation of the Sacred Hearts of Jesus and Mary, and Mother Marianne Cope of the Sisters of Saint Francis of Syracuse, New York, both of whom have been canonized Roman Catholic Saints for their treatment and care given during the 19th century to sufferers of leprosy in Kalaupapa.
Beginning in 1897 much of the western end of the island was purchased by Molokai Ranch to operate a cattle ranch. From 1923 to 1985 thousands of acres of their land was leased to pineapple producers and the pineapple industry thrived on the island. In recent years the pineapple industry has suffered across Hawaii. In 2008 community members successfully opposed the development company Molokai Ranch's attempt to expand through the "Save La'au Point" movement.[14] As a result, on March 24, 2008 what was then the island's largest employer decided to shut all operations including hotels, movie theater, restaurants, and golf course and dismiss 120 workers.[15] Molokaʻi has Hawaiʻi's highest unemployment rate and a third of its residents are on food stamps.[16] As of 2014, the largest industry on the island is seed production for Monsanto and Mycogen Seeds.[16]
Although tourism is not as thriving an industry on Molokaʻi as it is on many of the other islands in Hawaii, Molokaʻi has on average about 1,000 visitors on any given day.[17] For years, residents of Molokaʻi have resisted attempts to dramatically increase tourism and as such, accommodations are limited. As of 2014, only one hotel was open on the island, and most tourist accommodations are served by rental condos and houses.
National Geographic Traveler magazine and the National Geographic Center for Sustainable Destinations conduct annual Destination Scorecard surveys, aided by George Washington University. In 2007, a panel of 522 experts in sustainable tourism and destination stewardship reviewed 111 selected human-inhabited islands and archipelagos around the world. Molokaʻi ranked 10th among the 111 locales. The survey cited Molokaʻi's pristine, breathtaking tropical landscape, environmental stewardship, rich and deep Hawaiian traditions (the island's mana), and visitor-friendly culture. The neighbor islands Hawaiʻi, Kauaʻi, Maui and Oʻahu, ranked 50, 61, 81 and 104, respectively.[18]
Molokaʻi is believed to be the birthplace of hula and the annual Molokai Ka Hula Piko festival is held on this island.[19]
Molokaʻi can be reached by plane or by ferry. Planes fly into Molokaʻi daily from other Hawaiian islands including Oahu (Honolulu and Kalaeloa), Maui (Kahului) and Hawaii (Kona) on Mokulele Airlines, Makani Kai Air, Paragon Air and Hawaiian Airlines.[20][21][22] A ferry leaves twice daily between Molokai and Lahaina Harbor, Maui.[23]
Health care[edit]
The island of Molokai is served by Molokai General Hospital, which operates 24 hours a day, 7 days a week.
The island public school system includes 4 elementary schools, one middle school and one high school, one community college.[24] The island also has one private middle school.[25]
The island can be traversed by a single land highway running east to west along the entire island (highways 450 and 460).
The island contains many parks and other protect areas including Palaau State Park, Kalaupapa National Historic Park (accessible by guided mule or hiking tour[26]), Kiowea Beach Park, Kakahaia National Wildlife Refuge, Molokai Forest Reserve, Pelekunu Preserve, George Murphy Beach Park, Halawa Beach Park, and Papohaku Beach Park (3 miles of pristine beach).[27]
Notable people[edit]
- Father Damien de Veuster, Catholic Priest and saint
- Mother Marianne Cope, Catholic Nun and saint
- Harvey Rexford Hitchcock, Protestant missionary
- Peter Johnson Gulick, Protestant missionary
- Joseph Dutton, Catholic missionary worked with Father Damien
- Linda Lingle, 6th Governor of Hawaii
- Scott D. Whiting, President and CEO of Molokai Ranch, prominent member of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
- Rudolph Wilhelm Meyer, politician in early agriculture business of Hawaii
- Lois-Ann Yamanaka, American poet and novelist
- Harvey Rexford Hitchcock, Jr., 1913 College Football All-America Team
- Melveen Leed, American singer
- Keith Luuloa, Former professional baseball player (Anaheim Angels)
- Nuakea, High Chiefess of Molokaʻi
- Hualani, High Chiefess of Molokaʻi in 9th century
- Keoloewaakamauaua, 2nd Alii Aimoku (High Chief) of Molokaʻi
- Kapauanuakea, 3rd Alii Aimoku (High Chief) of Molokaʻi
- Kamauliwahine, 4th Alii Aimoku (High Chief) of Molokaʻi
- Kanipahu, High Chief of Molokaʻi in the 11th century
- Kamauaua, High Chief of Molokaʻi in the 11th or 13th century
- Kaupeepeenuikauila, Prince of Molokaʻi in the 12th century
- Kahokuohua, High Chief of Molokaʻi in the 15th century
- Kalanipehu, High Chief of Molokaʻi in the 17th century
- Kanealai, High Chiefess and Queen Regent of Molokaʻi in the 18th century
Towns and villages[edit]
See also[edit]
- Alii Aimoku of Molokai
- Father Damien of Molokai
- Ke `Aupuni Lokahi
- National Register of Historic Places listings in Hawaii#Molokai
- ^ "Molokai Shows Population Decline Over the Past Decade".
- ^ "Table 5.08 - Land Area of Islands: 2000" (PDF). 2004 State of Hawaii Data Book. State of Hawaii. 2004. Retrieved 2007-07-23. External link in
- ^ "Table 5.11 - Elevations of Major Summits" (PDF). 2004 State of Hawaii Data Book. State of Hawaii. 2004. Retrieved 2007-07-23. External link in
- ^ Hawaiian landslides have been catastrophic, Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute
- ^ Culliney, John L. (2006) Islands in a Far Sea: The Fate of Nature in Hawaii. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. p. 17.
- ^ Quantitative morphology of a fringing reef tract from high-resolution laser bathymetry: Southern Molokai, Hawaii
- ^ "Resident Population of Islands 1960 to 2010" (PDF).
- ^ Census Tracts 317 and 318, Maui County; and Census Tract 319, Kalawao County United States Census Bureau
- ^ Molokai Forest Reserve — Department of Land and Natural Resources
- ^ "Molokai History".
- ^ "Molokai History".
- ^ "Kalaupapa National Historical Park - Hansen's Disease Patients at Kalawao and Kalaupapa (U.S. National Park Service)." U.S. National Park Service - Experience Your America. Web. 19 Nov. 2009.
- ^ "Kalaupapa, Molokai, Hawaii - Father Damien". VisitMolokai.com web site. Retrieved 2009-09-29.
- ^ starbulletin.com | Business | /2007/01/14/
- ^ Molokai Ranch: A year after closure, times are hard but spirit is alive - Mauinews.com | News, Sports, Jobs, Visitor's Information - The Maui News
- ^ a b "Molokai has the Most to Lose but the Least Say in the GMO Debate".
- ^ "Visit Molokai".
- ^ Tourtellot, Jonathan B. (November–December 2007). "Destinations Rated: Islands" (PDF). National Geographic Traveler: 108–127.
- ^ Molokai Ka Hula Piko
- ^ "Molokai Airport".
- ^ "Mokulele Airlines Schedule".
- ^ "Getting to Molokai".
- ^ "Molokai Ferry".
- ^ "Molokai Schools".
- ^ "Akaula School".
- ^ "Kalaupapa National Historic Park".
- ^ "Papohaku Beach Park".
- Coffman, Tom (2003). The Island Edge of America: A Political History of Hawai'i. University of Hawaii Press. ISBN 0-8248-2662-0.
- Engledow, Jill (March 2007). "Where Tradition Holds Sway". Maui Nō Ka ʻOi Magazine 11 (2). Article about traditional hula halau on Molokaʻi
- Farber, Joseph M (1997) Ancient Hawaiian fishponds: can restoration succeed on Molokaʻi? Cornell University. ISBN 978-0-9659782-0-0.
- Lee, Pali Jae, and Koko Willis (1987). Tales from the Night Rainbow: The Story of a Woman, a People, and an Island. Night Rainbow Publishing. ISBN 0-9628030-0-6.
- Lo, Catharine. "On the Rocks". Hana Hou! 9 (6). Article about Hawaiian limpets, a traditional delicacy known locally as ʻopihi.
- Tayman, John (2006). The Colony: The Harrowing True Story of the Exiles of Molokai. Scribners. ISBN 0-7432-3300-X.
External links[edit]
|Wikimedia Commons has media related to Molokai.
- Official Molokaʻi Visitors Association website
- The Molokaʻi Dispatch, weekly print community newspaper
Coordinates: 21°08′N 157°02′W / 21.133°N 157.033°W


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Celebrate with the vibrant Spanish and Latin inspired content in the Olé cartridge! This cartridge is packed full of striking images, Spanish phrases, and a bold layered font. You will love using the images on this cartridge for party decorations and invitations, scrapbook pages, cards, and other creative projects. Use the latest Cricut®.....
Click here to read product details
This is a very versatile cartridge! The font alone is worth the money. The images will be darling for scrapbook pages or cards! Love it!
I was so excited to purchase this cartridge as I am currently working on a heritage album. I achieved some beautiful results with this font. My rating would have been 5 stars were if it were not for the misspelling of the word "diciembre". The cartridge has it as "deciembre" which is incorrect. It is a shame this wasn't caught before. Foreign language words need to be double checked!
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Worm Composting on the Rise at Home
Copyright by Jim Jensen, Permission granted to copy or post with complete attribution in whole, without addition, deletion, or substitution.
Ancient cultures revered worms for the valuable role they play in the formation of rich agricultural soil. Charles Darwin observed the activity of worms and credited them with the fertility of farms the world over. For decades, worm farmers and anglers have practiced vermiculture in the pursuit of profit and recreation. Recently, however, homeowners and recycling managers have taken note of the potential of worms to help manage our "wastes."
Feeding redworms is a good way to make high-quality compost from vegetable and fruit scraps. Unlike garden earthworms or nightcrawlers, redworms (known scientifically as Eisenia fetida, or commonly as manure, striped, or brandling worms) thrive on high- organic wastes.
The use of redworms for home composting has been developing for many years and has been popularized during the past decade. Home-scale worm composting is widespread in the U.S. and Canada , and is supported by many recycling agencies and the health department.
How to Do Worm Composting
Worm composting requires four basic items: redworms, a worm bin, bedding for the worms to live in, and food scraps. Redworms thrive in a rich organic environment, with lots of decaying matter. They are capable of ingesting as much as their body weight in wastes each day. That means that for however much food scrap you generate per day, you'll need to grow a population one to two time that weight of worms.
Researchers have found that redworms thrive in the following optimum conditions:
• temperature: 65 to 80 degrees F (15 to 25 degrees C)
• moisture content: 60 to 80 percent (higher than conventional composting)
• oxygen: yes, the worm bed must be kept aerobic
• pH: greater than 5 and less than 9
Two to three pounds of red worms will start most home worm bins. For larger scale projects, plan to start with one pound of redworms for every one to three square feet of worm bin surface area.
Give your worms a comfortable home. A good worm bin is a sturdy box with a heavy, tight-fitting lid to keep pests out and moisture in. A worm bin can be made from an old cupboard or packing crate, or built with plywood and two-by-fours. A shallow box—12 to 18 inches deep—is best because the worms live near the surface to get adequate air. Drill holes in the bottom or otherwise provide for drainage. (An idea for just trying it out: Recycle an old styrofoam chest for worm composting by poking a few holes in the sides for ventilation, and make sure that there is never any standing water in the bottom of the chest.)
A worm bin should have about one square foot of surface area for each pound of food wastes added per week. For example, a two-foot by four-foot box is large enough for eight pounds of kitchen scraps a week—the amount produced by two or three adults. Generation of food scraps varies widely between households, so you may want to weigh your scraps for a week or two before deciding what size or how many bins you want to build.
Fill the worm bin with moist "bedding," which provides the worms with balance in their diet and a damp place to live. Composting food scraps without bedding can produce bad odors and a slimy mess. Common bedding materials include fall leaves, shredded newspaper or corrugated cardboard, old straw, coarse sawdust, and aged dairy or horse manure. Rabbit manure also works well. Moisten dry bedding materials by immersing them in water for several minutes before adding them to the worm bin. When the bedding is thoroughly wet, remove it from the water and wring out or drain excess water. Moist bedding should feel damp like a wrung out sponge.
Fill the bin to the top with loose bedding. This gives the worms maximum room to grow their population. Pull apart any compacted paper strips before adding them to the bin. If brown leaves or sawdust are used they may need to soak longer to become saturated.
Feed worms by burying vegetative food scraps in holes dug into the bedding. Bury scraps in a different spot each time to provide the worms with a balanced diet. Always cover food wastes with a few inches of bedding or worm compost (called castings) to discourage flies and odors. For best results, think of worms as strict vegetarians. Give them scraps of fruits and vegetables, grains, old bread, coffee grounds, used tea bags, and egg shells. But leave out oily foods, meat, seafood, or dairy products.
Every 3 to 6 months push the old bedding and decomposing scraps to one side of the bin, rebed the empty side, and start burying food wastes in the fresh bedding. Allow the older scraps to finish composting for another month or so before harvesting.
Harvesting Worm Castings or Worms
One of the real benefits of worm composting is producing worm excreta (known as castings) for use in your garden. After a few months, worm castings from a worm bin will look dark and rich, quite black. To harvest castings for garden use, simply move nearly finished compost to one side of the bin and fill the empty side with fresh bedding (composting reduces the volume of the wastes by over one half). For the next six weeks bury food wastes only in the newly bedded side of the bin. The worms will migrate over to the fresh food in the newly bedded side as the food on the other side finishes decomposing. When the old bedding and food scraps are completely composted, the castings can be harvested and replaced with fresh bedding. It takes from three to six months for fresh bedding to decompose. Thus a worm bin can complete two to four cycles each year.
Harvesting worms for fishing is easy. Just open the bin and pick a handfull out of the bedding. To harvest more worms, take a few shovelfulls of castings out of the bin and make small piles on a piece of plastic out in the sun or under a bright light. Let the piles sit for ten minutes, then pull away the surface layer of castings until you see worms. Repeat the procedure until the worms are concentrated at the bottom of the piles and are easy to harvest.
Preventing Trouble
Worm composting bins are relatively trouble free. The most common problem with worm bins is fruit flies in summer. Fruit flies can be kept to a minimum by always covering fresh food wastes with a few inches of bedding or castings, and by covering the bedding with a sheet of plastic or newspapers tucked in around the edges. If the worm bin smells bad, it probably has too much food waste in it, is too wet, or there is cheese or other animal products present. To eliminate bad odors remove excess or inappropriate wastes and add fresh bedding.
Food Lifeline, Seattle , WA
As a major distribution center for food banks and meal programs in Western Washington , Food Lifeline's mission has always focused on people. So it was with their decision in late 1990 to add vermicomposting to their organization's work plan.
Food Lifeline uses leaves from the campus where it is located as a bedding in the bins. This leaf bedding serves many important functions, while reducing yard waste recycling costs. It creates a textured material in which the worms live and move. It also holds moisture and allows air to move and penetrate throughout the bin. It also provides a source of carbon that supports decomposition by bacteria, which are another source of food to the worms. The ratio of food scraps to leaf bedding is approximately 2:1 by weight, or 1:3 by volume.
Preparing each bin for a composting cycle begins by putting 4 to 6 inches of coarse wood chips at the bottom of the bin to assist aeration from below and to absorb excess moisture that may drain from the materials above. As a result, leachate escaping from the bins has not been a problem.
Next a 6-inch layer worm-rich bedding is laid down, similar to the way The Worm Concern starts its windrows. Two or three times a week, Food Lifeline staff, supported by volunteers and labor from a neighboring rehabilitation facility, feed the worms. Feeding occurs in four steps. First, they collect, weigh, and move food scraps to the worm bins. Second, they open the bins and mix the food and leaves in the top 6 or 8 inches—the active composting layer—using a pitchfork. Then, shallow troughs are made in the active layer, where they place the raw feedstock. Finally, the food is covered and more leaves are placed over the top to conserve moisture and serve as insulation. Water is added if the contents appear dry.
The Food Lifeline project has as available equipment a 16 hp commercial yard waste grinder to shred and mix the food and leaves. Food Lifeline's staff found, however, that most of the food composted well over time without grinding. Some large or hard-skinned items, such as potatoes, carrots, squash, or melons can be hand-chopped with a machete.
.... To harvest the castings at the bottom of the bin, the active composting layer, containing the greatest concentrations of worms, is taken from the top with a pitchfork or garden rake and placed in another bin to start a new cycle. The finished vermicompost is dug out by volunteers and used in an on-site food-producing garden, thus "closing the loop" and further supporting the hunger-fighting mission of Food Lifeline.
The Food Lifeline project demonstrates that staff with a minimum of skills can be trained to maintain vermicomposting systems. The labor required can vary widely. Food Lifeline currently composts 1,200 to 1,600 pounds of food and leaves each week using 8 to 16 hours of labor.
Getting the worms to grow awhile before the chickens get to them is the goal on some free-range ranchettes. On others, getting an extractable supply of worms to feed to the chickens inside their coop is the goal. Or, to dry the worms and mix as a protein element in blended feed. To accomplish these, some ideas might be worthy of consideration:
1. Grow the worms in bins, and just take out the active top layer and scatter it around for the chickens. Most worm-growers suggest this.
2. Make a frame on the ground, and cover it with several movable hatches. Bury new kitchen scraps and manure, etc., in some hatches, while chickens get to scratch under other hatches.
One size I'd like to try is a frame about 18 inches board-width (or 0.5 meter), measuring about 8 by 8 feet (or 2.5 by 2.5 meters). This goes on the ground, perhaps sunk into the ground. If you are inclined to use it, heavy-gauge wire (NOT chicken wire --- it rusts in a few years and kills your fingers forever after) covers the ground to keep moles from coming up and eating the worms. I'm not inclined to use it, but maybe I will be.
Then make 16 hatches 2 feet square, with 1 by 1 inch board rims on the bottom side. Use these to cover the ground inside the frame. Fill the frame with loads of leaves, sawdust, earth, manures, chicken coop bedding. Prepare as suggested by YelmWorms and others. Wet it all down good, with a lengthy sprinkling of water over all. Add worms. Put on covers. Rotate the digging in of garbage and manure with the opening up of some hatches for the chickens. Maybe this will prove to be a "SELF-FEEDING WORM FRAME" (like the self-fertilizing salads made by growing greens under wire frames for the chix to eat as the greens emerge out of the wire.)
3. Make an enclosed frame, very much longer than wide. One end is the intake end, where new mixes of leaves, scraps, sawdust, manure, etc., are added and pushed gradually down the closed shute. The other end is open to the chickens. It might be about 8 feet by 2 feet, with a 2-ft square opening at the OUT end, or maybe the compost just falls out onto the ground (where it would get flung to, anyway, probably). The IN end might also be 2-ft square, with a hatch cover, or wire cover to let in rain.
4. Harvest worms on a tabletop, so the valuable compost can be separated from the worms. Use harvested worms directly into the coop, or dry them in several ways to then grind for feed components (80% protein, as much as dried fish, liver, any other meat source).
*Dry in oven with gas pilot light or electric lightbulb.
*Dry in greenhouse.
*Dry in water-heater or central heating closet.
*Dry worms in an ORGANDY-material "pillowcase" that zips or ties closed


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Following my previous articles, Calculator Scope, YouTube Lens and PirateBay Scope for Unity, I will show you one more Scope for the Unity Dash. Ubuntu Grooveshark Scope allows users to easily search songs on the popular audio streaming website of Grooveshark. This Scope is available for Ubuntu 11.10 Oneiric Ocelot and 12.04 Precise Pangolin. To install it open a terminal and type:
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:scopes-packagers/ppasudo apt-get updatesudo apt-get install unity-lens-utilities unity-scope-grooveshark
Once installed log out and log back in. You can access it through the Music Lens.
When you click on a song your browser will open and the stream will start. Unfortunatelly if you click on another song a new tab will be opened. This is something that needs to be fixed.
Remember Me


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At EZmodfurniture.com we have a great selection of modern and contemporary styles to choose from. We carry reproduction modern furniture of designers like Eileen Gray, Le Corbusier, Charles and Ray Eames, Isamu Naguchi, Nelson, Sori Yanagi, and Marcel Breuer. We also carry more contemporary furniture. With our low prices, great customer service, and extra savings coupons; why would you shop anywhere else? We offer $ 50 off when you purchase $ 600, $ 100 off when you purchase $ 1000 or more, 10 % off for Interior Designers, and discounts on bulk purchases. Whether you are remodeling or just want to add or replace furniture pieces that no longer fit your life, we have furniture for every room. We have convertible sofa's and futon's in case you are looking to make a bedroom a multi functioning room that you can use as a media room, family room, and guest room. Our lighting department features beautiful lighting, from modern, contemporary, to futuristic designs. Add a little whimsy to your interior with any one of these pieces.
In addition to these savings we are offering you the chance to showcase your designs on our site. Just simply email me your picture of our furniture in your home and we will send you a $ 5 off coupon good towards your next purchase here at EZmodfurniture.com. Our email address is email@example.com.
We are here to answer any questions you may have about any product you see here. You can reach us in the sales department at 1-866-630-6161 ask for Janette or use our new instant messaging feature located at the bottom right corner of the screen. Click on the orange bubble that says Questions? Click here to chat with us. Hope to hear from you.


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- kahlil gibran
lady danger"}
These are lovely colors! Also, rememer to really glam up your eyelashes so they'll show up in your photos!
Those colors are heartstopping-I love each and every one! I admit, I'm pretty predictable when it comes to lipstick (and nail polish, and just about everything else!)-it's either a bit of balm or serious red lips for me! But these delicious shades might just have me thinking about a Sephora trip this afternoon...
I love red lipstick, but sometime it can be a little too harsh - orangey and peachy shades can soften the look, perfect for a romantic wedding :)
love this post!!
"Tea Time" Print Giveaway-Come on Over and Check it Out!
All these colors are lovely. But it depends on what eye makeup you are going to have. If a professional make up artist is going to do your make up that day (which I would strongly recommend), then she will pick the right shade for your features and skin color and do the eye make up accordingly! :))
I would try out the Nars and Lady Danger, the two opposites! Let us know how the experiments go, I'd like to see what you think up!
hi friends! your sweet thoughts and inspiring comments are the bright spot of my day. please make the jump, hang out and share what's on your mind. :)


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|Miriam Lord, The Best of Miriam Lord
|Miriam Lord
|Miriam Lord is a colour writer and columnist with The irish Times.
|Roisin Ingle, Róisín Ingle
|Roisin Ingle
|Roisin Ingle is a journalist for The Irish Times contributing features, news, colour and a weekly column in the Saturday magazine
|Ross, Rock, Ross o carroll kelly, ross o'carroll kelly, ross o carroll, ross o'carroll
|Ross O'Carroll Kelly
|Ross O'Carroll Kelly is a satirical finctional Irish character, a wealthy Dublin 4 rugby union jock created by journalist Paul Howard.
|Conor Pope
|Conor Pope
|Conor Pope is The Irish Times Consumer Affairs Correspondent and edits the Pricewatch Column.
|Fintan O'Toole, fintan otoole, fintan o'toole,25 years of Irish Life through the columns of Fintan O'Toole
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Paying for sex to be criminal offence under new Bill
- Politics
- September 24, 2015, 10:22
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Raising low pay must be key to Budget 2016 - women's council
- Social Affairs
- September 14, 2015, 16:35
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- Work
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Lone-parent groups urge reversal of change in payments
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Haters gonna hate as young women tackle body image at Dublin workshops
- Social Affairs
- May 31, 2015, 15:25
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|Print Page
The Carbon High Swimming team finished a successful season at the State Championship meet at BYU on Feb 8-9.
It is an accomplishment just to make it to the state meet, said CHS head coach Kamera Davis. "There is so much talent in the state of Utah in swimming," she said.
The Carbon boys Medley relay rose to the challenge, as they have been trying to break the school record missing it by two seconds in past meets. All four boys are seniors this year and knew it was their last chance to set a new record.
"I had told them if all of you have your best swim it is possible to break that record," said Davis.
First in the water was Lance Riche with his best split of the season at 29.87 coming into the state meet, he touched the wall at 28.76 to set a good pace for the team. Thory VanDyke has swam a 31.98 in the breaststroke leg before the meet and he finished he in 31.61. Dakota Powell who has consistently swam a 25.8, touched the wall at 25.31 for the Dinos.
"As their coach I knew what was going to happen as I crunch numbers all the time. I knew what Brent Keller had to get to break the record and I knew he wouldn't let his team down," she said.
Keller swam his best split of the year at 23.81 as the team broke the school record set in 2004 with aprevious time of 1:50.97. The new record now stands at 1:49.49.
The girls could not let the boys have all the glory as they couldn't leave the meet without challenging the record they had previously broke earlier this season. In the 200 free relay they had a previous time of 1:53.73, Paula Gibson was first in the water swimming close to her best she touched the wall at 28.15. Lauren Engar followed that with a time of 28.90. Brittney Willson, who was swimming well before she had influenza and has had a hard time trying to get back, was determined not to let her team down and swam a 28.74, her best of the season. Lonnie Meineche finished a strong relay and lead her team to another record time at 1:52.79.
Along with those inspiring relay swims Meineche podiumed in sixth place for her 500 free with a time of 5:41.23 and she placed seventh in the 100 fly with a time of 1:06.15.
Paula Gibson also competed in two individual events placing 21st in her 50 free 28.24, and 22nd in her 100 free 1:03.13. Gibson was ranked 24th and moved up two spots in the standings. Dakota Powell placed 11th in the 50 free with a time of 23.49 and 17th in the 100 fly with a time of 1:01.19, which is his best time, according to Davis. Brent Keller placed 14th in both his events, the 100 fly at 1:00.84 and 500 free at 5:28.59. Lance Rich placed 20th in his 100 free with a time of 55.43 and 24th in the 100 back at 1:06.66. Thory VanDyke has missed the 100 breaststroke the last two years by less than one second, finally making state was very exciting he went into the race ranked 19th and just missed the school record he finished 15th with a time of 1:10.32.
The Carbon Relay teams all swam well with the girls finishing 15th in the 200 medley relay, 11th in the 200 free relay, and 13th in the 400 free relay. The Boys finished 11th in the medley relay, 8th in the 200 free relay, and 16th in the 400 free relay.
Davis said 20 swimmers on the team this season will be graduating which will leave plenty of opportunities for younger swimmers to step up.
"This was a great end to the season as we will be saying goodbye to 20 of our swimmers this year which is sad but we have a promising group coming up next year," she said.
|Print Page


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Bank Innovation 2014 will take place at the Grand Hyatt Seattle hotel located at 721 Pine Street Seattle, WA 98101.
Enjoy all the pleasures of a true luxury resort at Grand Hyatt Seattle, located in the heart of Seattle's thriving retail and theater district, adjacent to the Washington State Convention Center, and steps from Pike's Place Market, Seattle Waterfront and the Space Needle… they have thought of everything to make your stay a memorable one.
Grand Hyatt Seattle offers the following services & amenities:
* Wi-Fi in public areas Grand Club
* 425 exquisite guestrooms
* Ultra-spacious baths with soaking tub / shower / Portico products
* Complimentary 24 hour StayFit™ fitness center
* 24 hour business center
* Incredible views of downtown Seattle, Puget Sound and Lake Union
To make reservations at the Grand Hyatt Seattle hotel , click here and use the Group Code BANKIN or call the Grand Hyatt directly at (206) 774-1234 and mention your affiliation with Bank Innovation.
For more information on recommended activities and restaurants in Seattle, Washington, click here.


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Toro 22 Inch Recycler Mower with SmartStow
Model: 20339 | Internet/Cat: 861441 | Store SKU: 1000728540
The new Toro 22" Recycler with Smart Stow is a first-of-its-kind, space-saving mower with the proven durability, reliability, and superior quality of cut that Toro is known for. Breakthrough Mow' n' Stow engine technology by Briggs & Stratton allows the mower to be stored vertically, reducing the storage footprint needed by up to 70%. Vertical storage also allows for better cleaning on the underside of the mower, and better access to service the blade. For homeowners that want a great looking lawn, but also desire a mower that requires much less space to store than a traditional lawn mower.
- Convenient Storage - Reduce the storage footprint needed for your mower by up to 70%* with SMARTSTOW, a feature that allows the mower to be stored vertically in 3 easy steps, with no fuel or oil leaks.
- Better Maneuverability Front Wheel Drive makes mowing in tight spaces easier.
- Superior After cut Lawn Appearance delivered by the Recycler Cutting System.
- Powerful, reliable, and easy to start 7.25 ft-lb. Gross Torque Briggs & Stratton® engine** with Mow n Stow technology.
- Homeowners that desire a mower that requires much less space to store and that is easier to clean and maintain.
- The gross torque of this engine was laboratory rated at 2800 RPM per SAE J1940 by the engine manufacturer. As configured to meet safety, emission and operating requirements, the actual engine torque on these mowers may be significantly lower.
Warranty Information
3 year Tru-Start Commitment starts with 1 or 2 pulls or Lawn-Boy will fix it for free
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Borussia Dortmund star Gotze willing to snub Man Utd, Arsenal for family
Football News 24/7
Posted: Monday, 9th January 2012 0 comments - you should start the discussion!
Manchester United
Borussia Dortmund
Borussia Dortmund star Mario Gotze says he's ready to snub Premier League interest for his family.
Chelsea, Arsenal and Manchester United are all eyeing the Germany international.


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The Governor of Enugu State, Chimaroke Nnamani, has pledged to focus on the HIV/AIDS challenge with the same energy he is devoting to developmental efforts in the state that has earned his administration wide acclaim.
He made this commitment in Enugu while commissioning an office building for the Enugu State Action Committee on HIV/AIDS (ENSACA). Nnamani said the HIV/AIDS campaign has not been as effective as the reforms in the other sectors.
According to him, "efforts on HIV/AIDS must succeed in the state because Enugu has one of the highest numbers of health professionals," adding that apart from himself and the Secretary to the State Government (SSG), three other commissioners are medical doctors.
Mr Chijioke Okoro, of Strengthening Nigeria's Response (SNR) to HIV/AIDS, commended Nnamani for fulfilling his promise to build an office complex for ENSACA, and enjoined the general public to use the resources and facilities available at the centre.
ENSACA Secretary, Dr Chris Ani, said with the commissioning, the problem of accommodation as a major hindrance to coordination and facilitation mechanism in the fight against HIV/ AIDS in Enugu State has been solved. He also commended Nnamani for his vision in "bequeathing this legacy of renovation and expansion of this brand new office complex to HIV/AIDS control." in the State".
[ Back to News Home ]


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|Porter, McKaig, Jankowski Compete At Olympic Trials
|Written by Mike Kelly
|Tuesday, 19 June 2012 08:23
The USA Olympic Trials begin later this week, June 21-July 1, in Eugene, Ore., and Zap Fitness Foundation of Blowing Rock will be well represented in the field. Sarah Porter, Alissa McKaig and David Jankowski will begin competion Friday night in
the 10.000-meter run. Porter, who turned in a 22nd-place finish at the Boston Marathon in April, qualified for the Olympic Trials by running a personal-best time of 32:37.22 at the Portland (Ore.) Track Festival on June 8. She beat the qualifying mark of 32:45 by eight seconds, and she bested her previous best outing by 20 seconds (32:57.31). Porter, who attended Western Washington University, is a 13-time All-America and she is also the 2011 NCAA Division II National Champion in the 10,000.
Photo Courtesy: Alissa McKaig, Zap Fitness
|Share This Article:


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Who We Are
WSU Alumni Association Legacy Scholarship
Legacy Scholarship Information
Funded by annual contributions to the Wright State University Foundation and by special fund-raising events sponsored by the Alumni Association, the Legacy Scholarship Fund has provided student scholarships since 1994. Legacy Scholarships support those students who are the immediate family members (spouse, child, legal dependent, stepchild or grandchild) of a Wright State graduate who is a current gold level member (in at least their third consecutive year of gold membership) or a life gold level member (paid-in-full if applicable) at the time of application of the WSU Alumni Association. The award amount varies but can be up to $1000 per academic year. The scholarship is not automatic. The student must reapply annually. For more information, contact the Office of Alumni Relations at (937) 775-2620 or the Office of Raider Connect at (937) 775-4000.
Click the applicable link for more information.
Lake Campus Alumni Network Scholarship
Lake Campus Alumni Network Scholarship supports those students who are accepted and enrolled at the Wright State University Lake Campus. Recipients must be a Wright State graduate, or the relative of a Wright State graduate; graduate or relative needs to be a current gold level member or life gold member (at the time of application) of the Wright State University Alumni Association. A relative is defined as the child, parent, grandparent, legal guardian, sibling or spouse of a Wright State University graduate. The award amount and number of awards varies and will be determined by the Wright State University Alumni Association Lake Campus Alumni Network scholarship committee. For more information, contact the Office of Alumni Relations at (937) 775-2620.
It's hard to believe it's been over 40 years since the Wright State University Alumni Association was founded. Over the past four decades, we have been proudly committed to supporting our alma mater, keeping our alumni connected, and providing scholarships to hundreds of Wright State students.
In today's economy, as state and federal funding continues to decrease, private dollars for scholarships are needed now more than ever before. You have already shown your pride in Wright State through your membership in the Wright State University Alumni Association. Now you can show your commitment to helping Wright State students achieve their dream of a college education.
You can choose to support Wright State students through your gifts to any (or all) of these Alumni Association scholarship funds:
- Legacy Scholarship Fund
- African-American Alumni Society Scholars Fund
- Social Work Alumni Society Scholarship Fund
- Lake Campus Alumni Network Scholarship Fund
- Nonprofit Leadership Alliance Alumni Scoiety Scholarship Fund
Remember, every gift, regardless of size, will change the lives of Wright State students.


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Alright, so I could easily just look this up on Google, but I feel better about asking you guys because when I do, it yields nothing, but the best results.\
I used to be a strict PC gamer until my computer became outdated and my parents wouldn't buy a new one. I was also very young, so I could not afford one myself. So now I'm back from the dead and this whole Steam thing is completely new to me. There are a few questions I have. Now, I recently purchased the current Humble Bundle and I have made local backups of the on-site downloads. I also received a Steam key for my games.
- How many times can you download the games you own from Steam?
- Can I activate the key on one computer and download the games on another (I want to activate them as soon as possible, but want to put them on the laptop I am getting in a month or so)?
And any other useful tips will help-- I already know that I will go broke during the Steam Sales.


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Reminders not working
Asked on Apr 29, 2014 - 20:48 UTC
Reminders have stopped working.
Mobile notifications, iOS, email.... nothing.
Is anyone else having a problem with Reminders?
All responses
Replied on Apr 29, 2014 - 23:44 UTC
Did you recently update the OS, did you add/remove anything, change any settings? Are you running the latest version of our app?
Now are these old tasks, if you create a new one, does the issue persist?
Replied on Apr 30, 2014 - 00:11 UTC
Reminders began working again. Got a wave of delayed reminders.


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Featuring a sophisticated, straightforward appeal, the Bristow Collection Euro Toilet Paper Holder is open-ended for quick and easy changing. For a complete bathroom update, look to more bath accessories in the Bristow line.
Ships in 1 - 2 Business Days
Product Details
- Installation Type: Wall Mount
- Design: Modern
- Material: Brass
- Length: 6-1/4"
- Width: 2-1/2"
- Decorative base plates measures 1-3/4" diameter.
- Includes mounting hardware.
- Technical Information
Still looks goodWe've had this for over a year in chrome. It fastens securely to the wall and still looks good.
Color and functionThis toilet paper holder has a great looking oil rubbed bronze finish and is extremely easy to install and comes with the necessary tools and wall anchors to install it with. The only disappointing feature is that it's too small to hold the Costco brand toilet paper since the holder distance between the stem to the knob is too narrow.
2 Item(s)
Write Your Own Review


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Mets have interest in White Sox C Tyler Flowers
"White Sox backup C Tyler Flowers is of some interest to the Mets," the New York Post reports, according to a source.
The 26-year-old Flowers hit .213 with a .296 OBP, 7 HR, 6 doubles and 13 RBI in 136 at-bats last season for the White Sox. Flowers bats righty and hit .269 in 52 at bats against left-handed pitching.
He suffered a hairline fracture on his left hand at the end of the season, though his team has repeatedly said he will be ready for Spring Training.
Matthew Cerrone, Lead Writer
I'd take Flowers, no question, especially over free-agent C Miguel Olivo. Interestingly, Flowers and free-agent C Kelly Shoppach give similar production, which is why I still don't believe that report from last week that suggested the Mets have more interest in Olivo than Shoppach. The thing is, I've heard other teams like Flowers a lot, as well, and his name came up often a year ago and at last year's trade deadline.
The Sox like him too, though. The buzz in Chicago is that White Sox pitchers trust him and the organization is likely to increase his playing time next year whether free-agent C A.J. Pierzynski re-signs or not.
It's worth noting that Flowers ended last season with a hairline fracture in his hand, and the team hasn't said much in public about his status.


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St Vincent's is part of Australia's largest not-for-profit health service. We are governed by a national body, St Vincent's Health Australia (formerly the Sisters of Charity Health Service). St Vincent's is committed to continuing the tradition of care exemplified by our founders the Sisters of Charity. Our values are the means by which we continue this tradition of care. We will be guided by these values in our relationships with the people we serve and our partners.
St Vincent's Health Australia (SVHA) and its partners form one of Australia's leading Catholic not-for-profit diversified healthcare providers. The health service is founded on a firm commitment to its Mission and values, based on the Gospel and Catholic social teaching in the spirit of Mary Aikenhead, founder of the Sisters of Charity. SVHA's broad ranging health services span the public, private and aged care health sectors in New South Wales, Queensland and Victoria.
Today, SVHA comprises: 4 public hospitals, 7 private hospitals and 10 aged care facilities, totalling more than 2,600 hospital beds and 1,100 aged care places across the public and private sector. Its services employ approximately 13,000 staff, are affiliated with more than 2,500 medical practitioners and specialists, and benefit from over 1,300 volunteers who generously provide support services. Each year SVHA provides more than a million occasions of service through inpatient and day only admissions, while over a million episodes of care are accessed through its outpatient services.
The Sisters of Charity are also associated with four major research facilities in Australia: Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute and the Garvan Institute of Medical Research, both in Sydney, and the St Vincent's Institute and the O'Brien Institute, both in Melbourne. Visit the St Vincent's Health Australia website for more information.
In 2008 the Sisters of Charity of Australia were granted approval by the Catholic Church to establish Mary Aikenhead Ministries to support the continued growth and development of the various health, education and welfare initiatives established by the Congregation. Mary Aikenhead Ministries officially commenced operations on 1 July 2009. Visit the Mary Aikenhead Ministries website for more information.
The St Vincent's Health Australia (SVHA) Board has established regional Community Advisory Committees in Queensland, NSW and Victoria.
Community Advisory Committees provide the SVHA Board with:
In Victoria, the regional Community Advisory Committee is known as the St Vincent's Advisory Council.
The members of the St Vincent's Advisory Council (Council) who have been appointed by the SVHA Board are:
The Council meets quarterly. The CEO of St Vincent's Hospital (Melbourne) Limited and the CEO of St Vincents Private Hospital Limited attend the Council's meeting along with members of their Executive teams, as required.
Further information about the Council is available from the Council's Executive Officer: Susan Miller


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NEWS RELEASEFor Immediate Release
ISDA 2012 Margin Survey Results: Collateralization Continues to Increase in OTC Derivatives Markets
CHICAGO, May 1, 2012 – The International Swaps and Derivatives Association, Inc. (ISDA) today released results from its 2012 ISDA Margin Survey at its 27th Annual General Meeting in Chicago.
The 2012 Margin Survey reveals that market participants continue to expand their use of collateral to mitigate over-the-counter derivatives credit exposures. Among large dealers, 84 percent of all transactions are now executed with the support of a collateral agreement, up from 80 percent in 2011, with96 percent of all trades executed in the credit derivatives markets subject to collateral arrangements.
The Survey shows that 76 percent of collateral delivered by respondents for non-cleared derivatives consists of cash while the remaining 24 percent consists of government securities and other collateral.
The 2012 Margin Survey also reports that 100 percent of large dealers and 75 percent of all survey respondents indicated that they pro-actively perform portfolio reconciliations.
"Over the past 12 years, the Margin Survey has provided a consistent set of benchmarks for collateral use," said Robert Pickel, ISDA Chief Executive Officer. "As the survey clearly demonstrates, collateralization remains among the most widely used methods to mitigate counterparty credit risk in the OTC derivatives market, and market participants have increased their reliance on collateralization over the years. In an evolving regulatory environment that seeks to reduce the counterparty risk associated with derivatives, the continued use of bilateral collateralization has, in the same way as clearing, an important role to play in risk mitigation."
The role of central counterparties (CCPs) in clearing trades and in managing collateral is of growing importance. This year, the Survey asked 14 large dealers to indicate their levels of collateralization with central counterparties. The 2012 Margin Survey reports that the large dealers delivered approximately $50 billion of collateral as margin in central counterparties: $49.6 billion in their executing broker capacity and $0.7 billion in their clearing member capacity.
The 2012 Margin Survey also shows that active collateral agreements number almost 138,000, of which 85 percent are ISDA agreements.
Collateralization, the increase in clearing, and the effectiveness of netting and portfolio compression all work toward the same goal – reducing counterparty risk. Gross credit exposure of OTC derivatives after netting and collateral is approximately 0.1 percent of outstanding notional amounts. Significant progress in each of these areas has been achieved and continues to be made as the industry works proactively and cooperatively with regulators and policy makers globally.
Of the 51 firms responding to the 2012 ISDA Margin Survey, 43 are banks or broker-dealers. The remaining participants consisted of hedge funds, insurers, government agencies and government-sponsored entities.
Each year the Margin Survey evolves slightly to reflect market developments, and thus in the 2012 Survey more attention is paid to collateralization of cleared derivatives, in addition to coverage of the bilateral, uncleared market. The Margin Survey is part of a broader set of ISDA initiatives in the area of collateral, including documentation, best practices and practitioner guidelines.
The Margin Survey is available in the ISDA website's Research section under Surveys: http://www2.isda.org/functional-areas/research/surveys/margin-surveys/
For Media Enquiries, Please Contact: Lauren Dobbs, ISDA Chicago AGM office, +1 312 565 7418 or +1 312 565 7419, email@example.com
Rebecca O'Neill, ISDA Chicago AGM office, +1 312 565 7418 or +1 312 565 7419, firstname.lastname@example.com Chan, ISDA Hong Kong, +852 2200 5906, firstname.lastname@example.com
About ISDA 2012 Margin Survey
ISDA's annual Margin Survey, first published in 2000, provides information about the use of collateral in the OTC derivatives business. The data used in the 2012 Margin Survey is sampled as of December 30, 2011. Each year the Margin Survey evolves slightly to reflect market developments, and thus in the 2012 Survey more attention is paid to collateralization of cleared derivatives, in addition to coverage of the bilateral, uncleared market. The Margin Survey is part of a broader set of ISDA initiatives in the area of collateral, including documentation, best practices and practitioner guidelines.
About ISDA
Since 1985, ISDA has worked to make the global over-the-counter (OTC) derivatives markets safer and more efficient. Today, ISDA is one of the world's largest global financial trade associations, with over 820 member institutions from 58 countries on six continents. These members include a broad range of OTC derivatives market participants: global, international and regional banks, asset managers, energy and commodities firms, government and supranational entities, insurers and diversified financial institutions, corporations, law firms, exchanges, clearinghouses and other service providers. Information about ISDA and its activities is available on the Association's web site: www.isda.org.
International Swaps and Derivatives Association, Inc. ISDA is a registered trademark of the International Swaps and Derivatives Association, Inc.