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Are You a Vietnam Veteran? Help Us Investigate the Impact of Agent Orange
ProPublica and The Virginian-Pilot are exploring the ways children of Vietnam veterans may be affected by a parent's exposure to Agent Orange.
ProPublica and The Virginian-Pilot are exploring the ways children of Vietnam veterans may be affected by a parent's exposure to Agent Orange.
Jim W. Dean, It is an irony that there is more loyalty to America in the Jewish community than in the Republican Congress, which is solidly with Netanyahu for pushing a military confrontation with Iran.
Reversing a long held position, the Department of Veterans Affairs now says Air Force reservists who became ill after being exposed to Agent Orange residue while working on planes after the Vietnam War should be eligible for disability benefits.
Clifford Anderson's serious health problems began when he was in his 30s.
When Army veteran Steve House tells people he was exposed to Agent Orange, the toxic defoliant the Department of Defense (DOD) sprayed on trees, vegetation and rice fields during the Vietnam War, the first thing he's typically asked is where he was stationed in that country.
The government threw USO and government contractors under the bus when it chose not to aid them in their battle with cancer related Agent Orange exposure,
The Portland Press Herald has reported that Maine Senators Susan Collins and Angus King have proposed legislation that would direct the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs to investigate whether the health problems faced by some veterans in America are linked to the use of Agent Orange at CFB Gagetown.
VA Paid $400 Million Annually in Bonuses Despite Backlog of Veterans' Disability Claims
People lie for a reason so when Abunimah lies, does he do it for the Palestinian people in Gaza or in Jenin? Does he lie for the refugees in Sabra and Shatila?
Long after the atrocities of war have ceased, a horrific legacy still remains.
The life-changing damage done by the Agent Orange herbicide continues to haunt American soldiers who served during the Vietnam War.
It is with sadness that we announce the passing of a great Patriot and a friend to so many of us in the struggle for the justice of World Peace.
Prostate cancer to men is what breast cancer is to women. Veterans exposed to dioxin and uranium oxide are at a 40% greater risk than the general public.
Nearly three dozen rugged C-123 transport planes formed the backbone of the U.S. military's campaign to spray Agent Orange over jungles hiding enemy soldiers during the Vietnam War.
If your vessel is not included in the Mobile Riverine Force, ISF Division 93 or listed designations (see "Find Your Ship"), check the alphabetized list of ships below.
Today's treatment for all the blood cancers can be enhanced with the addition of natural biological response modifiers in conjunction with all other treatments
Important information for sufferers of Sarcomas.
My last four articles focused in on setting the stage to constructively help Veterans exposed to various toxins while serving our country and announce the posting of my new Internet website to assist Veterans facing healthcare issues from Agent Orange and Depleted Uranium.
There is hope for Veterans afflicted with sickness from Agent Orange and Gulf War Syndrome from biological response modifiers like Beta Glucan
Since the use of AGENT Orange in both Vietnam and to some extent in Korea, all will acknowledge that dioxin (2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzodioxin-TCDD) has become one of the most controversial issues our military has ever faced. IARC, the International Agency for Research on Cancer, which is part of the World Health Organization, classified dioxin as a known […]
In Part 1 of this series I promised to provide information that will be beneficial to those exposed to Dioxin from Agent Orange and those returning from the Gulf War with what has become known as Gulf War Syndrome.
Multi-part article showing there may be some hope for Agent Orange Victims to ease their burden.
The phrase "adding insult to injury" is no doubt being redefined in several online dictionaries this week following news of a U.S. effort to sneak one of our dumber religions (and that's saying something) into the minds of Vietnamese suffering from Agent Orange.
Petition needs signatures for Children's Research Center for diagnosis and treatment of serious health conditions linked to dioxin exposures.
I don't believe in ghosts. If I ran into one, maybe I'd change my mind. The stories of lights on in the El Toro control tower after the power was cut off decades ago may be just be the product of someone's wild imagination.
The Vietnam War for all the good intentions we were told, left a trail of broken lives, a dispirited military that lasted until the Reagan Years, a decade of global instability with expansion of tyrannical government leadership, genocide, ethnic cleansing, and chaos. With the US military cast in a shadow of defeat and the US […]
America's use is lawless. Doing so constitutes war crimes. Millions of combatants and civilians have been irreparably harmed or killed. In current US direct and proxy wars, others are affected daily.
The US government maintains their decades-old mantra that there is no unequivocal scientific evidence that use of Agent Orange has caused an increase in either birth defects in Viet Nam, or is related to other human health issues in Viet Nam.
Growing evidence indicates that during the U.S. occupation of Okinawa from 1945 to 1972, the U.S. violated a treaty to not store herbicides within Japan's political boundaries.
Milestone Allows VA to Refocus 1,200 Decision Makers on Claims Backlog.


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More shopping...More shipping...More convenience
UPS (NYSE:UPS) UPS Next Day Air® Saturday pickups will be made at convenient locations of The UPS Store around the country with the knowledgeable packaging experts and supplies for assistance. Check The UPS Store locator for cut-off times that may vary by location. The UPS Store has more locations than FedEx Office.
Customers can rely on The UPS Store to expertly pack and ship their loved one's gifts. The UPS Store guarantees gifts will arrive safely via The UPS Store's Pack & Ship Guarantee, which reimburses customers for the item's value and full retail price paid for packaging materials and service.*
For customers who prefer to pack their own holiday shipments, here's a reminder of helpful tips:
More information
About The UPS Store
With more than 4,700 locations in the U.S., Puerto Rico and Canada, The UPS Store network comprises the world's largest franchise system of retail shipping, postal, printing and business service centers. In the U.S., The UPS Store locations are independently owned and operated by licensed franchisees of The UPS Store, Inc., a subsidiary of UPS.
About UPS
UPS (NYSE: UPS) is a global leader in logistics, offering a broad range of solutions including the transportation of packages and freight; the facilitation of international trade, and the deployment of advanced technology to more efficiently manage the world of business. Headquartered in Atlanta, UPS serves more than 220 countries and territories worldwide. The company can be found on the Web at UPS.com and its corporate blog can be found at blog.ups.com. To get UPS news direct, visit pressroom.ups.com/RSS.
Copyright © 1994-2015. The UPS Store, Inc. is a UPS® company. The UPS Store® (TUPSS™) locations are independently owned and operated by franchisees of The UPS Store, Inc. in the USA and by its master licensee and its franchisees in Canada.

subset: commoncrawl


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The Blog
The War We're In
Obama's disturbing op-ed.
4:45 PM, Jul 14, 2008 • By THOMAS DONNELLY
IT'S REASSURING TO HEAR Sen. Barack Obama, a man who based his presidential bid on the supposed inevitability of defeat in Iraq, recognize the success of the surge, which he also predicted was bound to fail. But his New York Times op-ed today betrays a strategic understanding that is more deeply disturbing; it's not just his "Plan for Iraq" that's worrisome, but his plan for America in the world.
In Obama's view of international politics and power, Iraq is not simply "the greatest strategic blunder in the recent history of American foreign policy," but a diversion, a strategic sideshow. He claims "Iraq is not the central front in the war on terrorism, and never has been," and offers "broader strategic goals, starting in Afghanistan and Pakistan."
Obama needs to look at a map and a history book. Iraq long has been and today remains one of the two naturally dominant powers in the Persian Gulf region, home to the second-largest proven oil reserves on the planet and a front-line bulwark against revolutionary Iran. That's where this story began: with Saddam's Hussein's ambitions for hegemony and his long and bloody war with Iran. It was a pity, as Henry Kissinger famously
Obama should also listen to Osama, who recognized "Baghdad as the capital of the caliphate" that he aspires to recreate. "The most important and serious issue today for the whole world is this Third World War, which the Crusader-Zionist coalition began against the Islamic nation," he declared in 2004. "It is raging in the land of the two rivers. The world's millstone and pillar is in Baghdad, the capital of the caliphate." Bin Laden had a clear grasp of the inherent balance of power in the Islamic world; he would have preferred to rule in Baghdad than Kabul.
Obama should also listen more attentively to what our most important allies--that is, the Iraqis--say. Of course the Iraqis don't want a permanent American occupation, or a colonial-style 99-year-lease on military bases. But they do want an enduring strategic partnership with the United States, not simply to secure their country internally but against a collection of nasty neighbors, beginning with Iran. It's not just Iraqi nationalism or domestic politics that is delaying negotiations on such an arrangement--it's Iraqi concerns about whether the United States will continue to be a steadfast partner. The one thing Iraqis know for certain about Barack Obama is that he'll withdraw all American combat brigades within 16 months.
If Obama has a cloudy view of Iraq he has an even murkier understanding of Afghanistan. He still talks as though this "good war" is a counterterrorism fight against al Qaeda, when in fact it's an anti-Taliban counterinsurgency. "Two additional combat brigades," as he promises in the op-ed aren't going to "finish the job" in Afghanistan. In Afghanistan as in Iraq, time is more important than troop levels; as a former U.S. commander there is fond of saying, "The Americans have all the watches, but the Afghans have all the time." Obama might as well be calling for a Rumsfeld-style "rapid, decisive operation."
Most fatally, Obama--and indeed most of the Democratic Party--still reject the very idea of "The Long War." As the Bush administration finally has come to understand, there is an ongoing struggle for the future of the Islamic world, a political and cultural space that not only includes Iraq, Afghanistan, and Pakistan but ranges from West Africa and Western Europe to Southeast Asia. We can't ignore it; it is a critical fact of modern international politics. We can't unilaterally "end this war," as Obama might like; even if we are not interested in it, the enemy is interested in us. Nor can we fight it in a neatly compartmented or nicely sequenced fashion; we should have clear strategic understandings and priorities--such as the fact that Iraq is inherently important--but must admit that our adversaries are diffuse and driven by differing priorities of their own.


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The Style Gallery is a great new way for you to view, love, and share outfit photos. It's meant to showcase
all the expressive, creative, and inspirational personalities of our community!
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Cure younger friends of their most "meh" moods by introducing them to this entertaining handbook - 'The Essential Field Guide to Serious Fun!' Compiled by Joshua Glenn and Elizabeth Foy Larsen, this hardcover manual makes life more exciting with activity-filled chapters focused on understanding and embracing individuality, having fun at home, experiencing and influencing the local community, and savoring a sense of adventure. The ideal companion for siblings, neighbors, or students who exhaust you with their ennui, this illustrated reference exercises the imagination with innovative assignments, off-the-wall experiments, practical how-to lessons, and interviews with advice from industry pros. Whether they begin by learning to change a bike tire, create their own computer program, or capture their personality in poetry, your acquaintance is bound to greet free time with newfound enthusiasm.
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Woodwind Quintets, Volume II: The Joy of Woodwind Quintets
Instrumental Solo Part and CD. Published by Music Minus One (MO.MMOCD4603).
Item Number: MO.MMOCD4603
A fabulous selection of woodwind quintets from such masters as Beethoven, Haydn, Mozart, Lefebvre, Colomer and Barthe. Contains pieces of varying lengths and complexities for a broad range of technical abilities. This is truly a treasure-trove for any bassoonist.
Includes a high-quality printed solo part and a compact disc containing accompaniments to each piece, minus the soloist.
For related items see the following item numbers: MMOCD3233, MMOCD3336, MMOCD3406, MMOCD3521


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Brand new Malay dilemma
Azly Rahman
Jun 12, 06 1:59pm
In 1997, Asiaweek published the following responses concerning 'power' from Malaysia's then Prime Minister Dr Mahathir Mohamad. He said:
"I am not saying that I enjoyed power but I find that it is useful in carrying out the things you want to carry out. If you don't have power and you put out a very reasonable proposal, nobody will implement it. You have to have power." When asked why some suggested that he is addicted to power and didn't want to let it go, he answered: "… it's not the question of wanting to let it go. I sense I may be wrong of course, that people do not want me to go just yet. They keep on telling me that. Of course they may be sycophants. But the fact is that they say that what I am doing has made the country what it is today. Well, they say, I may be wrong, they may be wrong."
Power had brought him achievements over 16 years at the time. Asked if this was a little too long, he said:
"People will think it is too long. But one thing you can be sure of is that the certainty of your demise will undermine your ability to run the country. The problem with many countries is that their leaders are only allowed to do one term. People don't respect that one term because you are going to go out anyway."
Almost 10 years after the interview, he still thinks he is in power. The Malay Mahabharatta The great war (perang agung/mahabharatta) between a hyperactive retiree and a yet-to-be-active ruler is making this nation angry with this continuing saga of the Malay dilemma. We are at fault for letting leaders overstay their welcome. Had we insisted on a system of a two-term premiership, for example, absolute power would not have corrupted absolutely.
Malays are wondering about the exact nature of the dispute between the old and the new regime: between Mahathir and Abdullah and their respective camps. It is as if Malay political intelligence is merely about seeing and understanding two rakshashas fight in the form of Merong Mahawangsa reincarnated. The little golem that form the collective Malay masses are merely silent and scared spectators.
It must be a difficult time for the common and insignificant Malay; this beautiful people whose psyche has been consumed not only by feudalism but also by the ideology of cybernetic-neocolonialist feudalism in the form of party politics funded by big 'glocal' corporations. The poor Malay in the urban slum and in the kampong will continue to enjoy the spectacle of dynastic wars that are designed, like the idea of Vision 2020 that was crafted to blind the consciousness. The common Malays are victims of slogans - from the cleverly crafted legend of Hang Tuah (allegedly a Chinese warrior transplanted by the court historian of the decadent Melaka sultanate) to the story of fantastic 'imagined communities' such as Vision 2020 that requires 'human capital' (modal insan) as its obedient labourers.
The authoritarian self
Our political leaders wish to become emperors. In the process of building empires, we let our leaders gain control of the ideological state apparatuses and we let them own the Fourth Estate (the media) so that it is easy for them to feed us with propaganda daily. We let these emperors make themselves bigger than life and more fictional than factual. We let our leaders become autocrats - 22 years was a long time. We cannot continue this tradition if we are to evolve into a more humanistic polity. Because we allowed that long of a reign, we cannot undo this political-psychological mess.
Our cultural system is now operating based upon who gets to control the most strategic resources; who owns the material and cultural capital. It is the utilitarianism of John Stuart Mill (the ends justify the means) that forms the basis of our political-economic psyche. Our politics continue to cement the ideology based on the structure of inter-locking directorate-ships and the political-economy of transnational capitalism that feeds the elite with wealth and weapons to guard territories and to build personal empires and new Malaysian dynasties.
Our nation was borne out of the womb of colonialism and inherited the ills of neo-colonialism, moving into a difficult period of coming to terms with the 'Balkanisation of Malaysian politics in the Age of Post-Hegemony created by the Mahathir administration'. The Malays are experiencing the phenomena of the fall of the Berlin Wall right in their own backyard. We must be prepared for its ramifications. We must read the graffiti on those falling walls.
The handing over of Independence, on a silver platter, after a convenient post-colonialist arrangement of power relations, in the form of the formation of the National Alliance, prepared a transcultural flow of a somewhat 'flawless' political design that exacerbates and alleviates, in a nationalistic form, the divide-and-rule political economy. The practice of keeping political leaders the longest in power and installing the variegated systems of control, from the traditionalism of cultural politics to computer-mediated systems of controlling human beings, has its price. This practice has cost us the growing up pains we are experiencing - from the way we build our highways to the way we architecture the mind of our children and we broadcast 'live' the ingredients of our state propaganda.
And now, we have this war between the Mahathir camp and the Abdullah camp that will continue to shape the direction of Malay politics.
The real Malay dilemma
But for thinking Malays, there is an alternative view to the advancing new Malay dilemma, beyond the Mahathir-Abdullah shadow-play. It concerns not only the political fate of the Malays, but of Malaysians as a people yearning for a republic of virtue. We have lived in epochs of mind control - from the mythically-useful idea of daulat in the clever invention called the divine rights of kings to the mantra of cybernetic technology, installed and institutionalised through the smart partnership with international profiteers skilled in the design of the post-modern slavery system.
If one analyses the system of international labour in Malaysia since we were granted independence, one may conclude a similar pattern of modern slavery on a global scale - international capitalists collaborate with the local elite in transforming the natives and imported natives into indentured servants.
We continue to switch masters, in accordance with the flow of 'paxes' - Pax Brittanica, Pax Americana, to Pax Nipponica, to Pax Corporate-Crony Malaysiana. The nature of our oppositional politics, as I see it, is navigating us towards another form of hegemony; one that might be even more dangerous that what is currently prevailing in its most corrupt practice. It is taking shape in the form of 'illiberalism' grounded in the politics of vengeance, and alliance based on the insatiable urge to impose some form of cybernetic-theocratic rule that is scaring those of us who are strong believers of radical and social multi-culturalism.
We are charting our future ruins based on the politics of desperados inspired by a decadent ideology no longer in synchrony with the real issue of the day - the emergence of cultural classes of people, silently reproduced by the post-industrial and hyper-modernising state.
The real Malay dilemma lies in its inability to realise that Vision 2020 was a strategy to blur the masses of the political-economic nature of controlling interests in Malaysian politics; that Vision 2020 built by robber barons and emerging dynasties. It is our own Orwellian document of doublespeak.
What then must the silent spectator Malays do?
Thursday, June 22, 2006
76] Brand New Malay Dilemma
Posted by Dr. AZLY RAHMAN at 11:12 AM
Labels: nation and economics
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This video from the USA is called Jamie Leigh Jones – KBR Gang Rape ABC 20/20 Report.
From Mother Jones in the USA:
Halliburton Loses to Jamie Leigh Jones
— By Stephanie Mencimer | Wed September 16, 2009 6:34 AM PST
Remember Jamie Leigh Jones, the Halliburton/KBR contractor who alleged she was gang raped by her co-workers in Iraq? When Halliburton failed to take any action against the men and the Justice Department failed to prosecute, Jones tried to sue the company for failing to protect her. But thanks to an employment contract created during the tenure of former Halliburton CEO Dick Cheney, Jones was forced into mandatory binding arbitration, a private forum where Halliburton would hire the arbitrator, all the proceedings would be secret, and she'd have no right to appeal if she lost.
Jones fought the agreement in the hopes of bringing her case before a jury. She argued that the alleged gang rape was not related to her employment and thus, wasn't covered by the arbitration agreement. Finally, three years later, a federal court has sensibly agreed with her. Yesterday, the 5th Circuit Court of Appeals, in a 2 to 1 ruling, found her alleged injuries were not, in fact, in any way related to her employment and thus, not covered by the contract. (One of the judges who ruled in her favor, Rhesa Hawkins Barksdale, is a West Point grad, Vietnam vet, and one of the court's most conservative members, a sign, perhaps, of just how bad the facts are in this case.)
It's a big victory, but a bitter one that shows just how insidious mandatory arbitration is. It's taken Jones three years of litigation just to get to the point where she can finally sue the people who allegedly wronged her. It will be many more years before she finally wins any real justice.
It is stunning that 30 Republican members of the United States Senate would vote to protect a corporation, in this case Halliburton/KBR, over a woman who was gang raped: here.
Plight of Contractor Raped in Iraq Spurs Push in Congress: here.
Stewart: GOP protects Halliburton's 'it's okay if you get raped' clause: here.
Cindy Beringer reports on the struggles of Fort Hood soldiers who have stood up to resist the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan: here.
Vice President Biden visited Iraq to uphold the US occupation and push for a law to open up the country's oil wealth to exploitation: here.
Solidarity with Iraqi trade unions: here.
The US Army has abandoned its three-year effort to punish First Lt. Ehren Watada for refusing to deploy to Iraq, allowing him to resign from the military on October 2: here.
Cheney cartoon: here.
KBR could face penalties, Pentagon auditors warn: here.
Law Firms Motley Rice LLC and Burke PLLC Join Forces to Take on KBR and Halliburton on Behalf of American Soldiers, Veterans: here.


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Saturday, September 13, 2014
Thursday, July 03, 2014
Florence + The Machine - Rabbit Heart so Renaissancey and unique. Love this, watch it and listen.
This is the kind of video I would have made if I was an artist singer musician. I just love it. A mix of Alice in Wonderland, Camelot, and Renaissance. I feel this song and video. Right in that moment. Very Epic, very Cool, very enlightening. Love you Florence, continue on your journey of music.
Posted by Rhiannon at 7:37 PM No comments:
Wednesday, June 11, 2014
Friday, April 25, 2014
Thursday, April 10, 2014
Wednesday, April 02, 2014
Monday, March 31, 2014
My thought for the week
I'm learning that sometimes the darkness helps illuminate the light
Posted by Rhiannon at 3:43 PM No comments:
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Windows Movie Maker includes about 60 transitions and 28 special effects you can add to make your videos look more professional.
Transitions allow you to insert fades, flips, dissolves, and other shifts between scenes.
Download video from your camera. To learn how, see Download video from your camera to your computer.
In the Movie Tasks pane, under Edit Movie, click View video transitions.
Preview transitions by double-clicking them and watching the Preview Monitor. Drag your transition from the Video Transitions pane to the box between two of your clips.
Transitions cause your video clips to overlap by about one second, which means you won't see all of the first or last second of your clip.
To watch your transition in the Preview Monitor, under Play, click the Video Transitions pane. If you decide not to use a transition, right-click it, and then click Delete.
Special effects change the appearance of a video clip by rotating it, slowing it down or speeding it up, or making it appear like old film footage.
In the Movie Tasks pane, under Edit Movie, click View video effects.
Preview effects by double-clicking them and watching the Preview Monitor. Drag your effect from the Video Effects pane to the box between two of your clips. When the effect is added, you'll see a star icon appear in the lower-left corner of the clip.
You can add more than one effect to a clip or add a single effect several times to increase it.
To watch your effect in the Preview Monitor, click Play. If you don't like the effect, right-click the star icon in the lower-left corner of the clip, and then click Delete Effects.
Windows Live Movie Maker 2011 offers faster and simpler ways to turn your photos and videos into polished movies, with more capability to share your creations with your friends and family. To get Windows LiveMovie Maker—part of the Windows Live Essentials suite of products—simply upgrade to Windows 7.


text:
Campus Squeeze has a new partnership with Simple Tuition – a leading comparison
website for student loans. To find a student loan to help pay for your college expenses,
enter your loan amount and loan type here:
To visit www.campussqueeze.com, click here.
Baby Born with two faces: Saini Sunpura, India: A small village welcomed the birth of a baby with two faces this past week. Local villagers are worshipping the baby as the reincarnation of the goddess Durga, a deity who has three eyes and many arms. The baby is already set to star as the subject of the next Indiana Jones film.
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A quick tip introducing how to access the dot plot and synteny information of VISTA. CHeck out the blog post for more information: http://blog.openhelix.eu/?p=8185
Searching for animal model sources is made easy with the LAMHDI database. http://blog.openhelix.com/?p=7897 for additional details and links.
A brief reintroduction to the Encyclopedia of Life. See http://blog.openhelix.eu/?p=7491 for more information about EoL and other life tree databases.
Rosenstiel School professor Jerry Ault discusses 10 years of fisheries research in the Florida Keys Dry Tortugas Ecological Reserve


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|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Apr 26, 2001
|Filing date
|Dec 13, 2000
|Priority date
|Feb 5, 1999
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Adrianus Braat, Hugo Ingelbrecht, Ruud Trion
|Original Assignee
|General Electric Co.
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Referenced by (14), Classifications (14), Legal Events (6)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
1. Not Applicable
2. Not Applicable
3. 1. Field of the Invention
4. The invention relates to a novel process for the manufacture of very low molecular weight polyphenylene ether resin, typically within the intrinsic viscosity range of about 0.08 dl/g to about 0.16 dl/g as measured in chloroform at 25Ḟ C.
5. The invention also relates to the polyphenylene ether resin made by the process as well as blends and articles containing the polyphenylene ether resin made by the process.
6. 2. Brief Description of the Related Art
7. Polyphenylene ether resins (hereinafter "PPE") are commercially attractive materials because of their unique combination of physical, chemical, and electrical properties. Furthermore, the combination of PPE with other resins provides blends which result in additional overall properties such as chemical resistance, high strength, and high flow.
8. The processes most generally used to produce PPE involve the self-condensation of at least one monovalent phenol in the presence of an oxygen containing gas and a catalyst comprising a metal amine complex to produce resins typically within the intrinsic viscosity range of about 0.35 dl/g to about 0.65 dl/g as measured in chloroform at 25Ḟ C.
9. These processes are typically carried out in the presence of an organic solvent and the reaction is usually terminated by removal of the catalyst from the reaction mixture. The catalyst metal, after being converted into a soluble metal complex with the aid of a chelating agent, is removed from the polymer solution with standard extraction techniques, such as liquid-liquid extraction. The PPE polymer can be isolated in a variety of methods although generally by anti-solvent precipitation.
10. As new commercial applications are sought for PPE, a wider range of intrinsic viscosity resins, especially lower intrinsic viscosity resins, have been desired. As intrinsic viscosity decreases in PPE resins, the level of hydroxyl groups increases and the rheological properties change dramatically (lower viscosity as intrinsic viscosity decreases) as compared to current commercially available high molecular weight PPE produced by the methods previously described. The physical properties of PPE remain highly desirable and sought after in applications such as, for example, adhesives, sealants and gels based on SBC, SBR, or epoxies for automotive, housing, cabeling, membranes and electrical applications. Also, epoxy based composites for aerospace, automotive structural members and sporting equipment are desirable applications as are electrical laminates, and IC encapsulation materials based on epoxies and unsaturated polyesters. Friction materials and abrasives compounds based on phenolic are also sought after. PPE is also useful as an additive in various thermoplastic and thermoset materials including, e.g., polypropylene, polystyrene, ABS, polycarbonate, polyetherimide, polyamides, polyesters, and the like and also thermosetting resins such as, for example, epoxies, unsaturated polyesters, polyurethanes, allylic thermosets, bismaleimides, phenolic resins, and the like. Varying enhanced properties may be improved in different systems such as, for example, improved heat performance, flame retardancy improvement, decrease of electrical properties like Dk and Df, decrease in moisture absorption, increased creep resistance, thermal expansion reduction, chemical resistance to acids and bases, for various applications such as, for example, automotive and house hold and electrical goods.
11. It is therefore apparent that a need exists for the development of processes for the manufacture of very low molecular weight polyphenylene ether resin, typically within the intrinsic viscosity range of about 0.08 dl/g to about 0.16 dl/g as measured in chloroform at 25Ḟ C.
12. The needs discussed above have been generally satisfied by the discovery of a process for preparing PPE having an intrinsic viscosity within the range of about 0.08 dl/g to about 0.16 dl/g as measured in chloroform at 25Ḟ C. comprising oxidative coupling in a reaction solution at least one monovalent phenol species using an oxygen containing gas and a complex metal catalyst to produce a PPE having an intrinsic viscosity within the range of about 0.08 dl/g to about 0.16 dl/g as measured in chloroform at 25Ḟ C.; removing at least a portion of the complex metal catalyst with an aqueous containing solution; and isolating the PPE through devolatilization of the reaction solvent.
13. The description that follows provides further details regarding various embodiments of the invention.
14. Not applicable
15. This invention provides for a process for the preparation of low molecular weight PPE, preferably having an intrinsic viscosity between about 0.08 dl/g and 0.16 dl/g, by oxidative coupling at least one monovalent phenol species, preferably at least a portion of which have substitution in at least the two ortho positions and hydrogen or halogen in the para position, using an oxygen containing gas and a complex metal-amine catalyst, preferably a copper (I)-amine catalyst, as the oxidizing agent and extracting at least a portion of the metal catalyst as a metal-organic acid salt with an aqueous containing solution, and isolating the PPE through devolatilization of the reaction solvent. In one embodiment, the process affords a PPE that has less than a 10% increase, preferably less than 5% increase in intrinsic viscosity after heating into the melt phase. In another embodiment, the process affords a PPE that has less than a 10% decrease, preferably less than 5% decrease, most preferably less than 3% decrease in intrinsic viscosity after an equilibration step following the oxidative coupling reaction.
16. The PPE employed in the present invention are known polymers comprising a plurality of structural units of the formula
17. wherein each structural unit may be the same or different, and in each structural unit, each Q1 is independently halogen, primary or secondary lower alkyl (i.e., alkyl containing up to 7 carbon atoms), phenyl, haloalkyl, aminoalkyl, hydrocarbonoxy, or halohydrocarbonoxy wherein at least two carbon atoms separate the halogen and oxygen atoms; and each Q2 is independently hydrogen, halogen, primary or secondary lower alkyl, phenyl, haloalkyl, hydrocarbonoxy or halohydrocarbonoxy as defined for Q1. Most often, each Q1 is alkyl or phenyl, especially C1-4 alkyl, and each Q2 is hydrogen.
18. Both homopolymer and copolymer PPE are included. The preferred homopolymers are those containing 2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene ether units. Suitable copolymers include random copolymers containing such units in combination with (for example) 2,3,6-trimethyl-1,4-phenylene ether units. Also included are PPE containing moieties prepared by grafting vinyl monomers or polymers such as polystyrenes and elastomers, as well as coupled PPE in which coupling agents such as low molecular weight polycarbonates, quinones, heterocycles and formals undergo reaction in known manner with the hydroxy groups of two poly(phenylene ether) chains to produce a higher molecular weight polymer, provided a substantial proportion of free OH groups remains. Also included are PPE's containing a functional endgroup, obtained from reaction with a reactive compound having the functional endgroup.
19. The low molecular weight PPE generally have a number average molecular weight within the range of about 1250 to about 7000 and a weight average molecular weight within the range of about 2500 to about 15,000, as determined by gel permeation chromatography, with a preferred number average molecular weight within the range of about 1750 to about 4000 and a weight average molecular weight within the range of about 3500 to about 9,000, as determined by gel permeation chromatography. Alternatively, the intrinsic viscosity (hereinafter "I.V.") of the low molecular weight PPE is most often in the range of about 0.08-0.16 dl./g., preferably in the range of about 0.10-0.14 dl./g., as measured in chloroform at 25Ḟ C.
20. The PPE are typically prepared by the oxidative coupling of at least one monohydroxyaromatic compound such as 2,6-xylenol, 2,3,6-trimethylphenol, or mixtures of the foregoing. Catalyst systems are generally employed for such coupling and they typically contain at least one heavy metal compound such as a copper, manganese, or cobalt compound, usually in combination with various other materials.
21. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the foregoing that the PPE contemplated in the present invention include all those presently known, irrespective of variations in structural units or ancillary chemical features.
22. The polymerization of the phenolic monomer may be carried out by adding the phenolic monomer or monomers to a suitable reaction solvent and preferably, a copper-amine catalyst. It is preferred to carry out the polymerization in the presence of a cupric or cuprous salt-secondary amine catalyst such as, for example, cupric chloride and di-n-butylamine. The polymerizations are advantageously carried out in the presence of an inorganic alkali metal bromide or an alkaline earth metal bromide. The inorganic bromides may be used at a level of from about 0.1 mole to about 150 moles per 100 moles of phenolic monomer. These catalyst materials are described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,733,299 (Cooper et al.). Tetraalkylammonium salts may also be employed as promoters if desired. These promoters are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,988,297 (Bennett et al.).
23. The primary, secondary or tertiary amine component of the catalyst complex generally correspond to those disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,306,874 and 3,306,875 (Hay). Illustrative members include aliphatic amines, including aliphatic mono- and di-amines, where the aliphatic group can be straight or branched chain hydrocarbon or cycloaliphatic. Preferred are aliphatic primary, secondary and tertiary monoamines and tertiary diamines. Especially preferred are mono-, di- and tri(lower) alkyl amines, the alkyl groups having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms. Typically, there can be used mono-, di- and tri-methyl, ethyl, n-propyl i-propyl, n-butyl substituted amines, mono- and di-cyclohexylamine, ethylmethyl amine, morpholine, N-(lower) alkyl cycloaliphatic amines, such as N-methylcyclohexylamine, N,N′-dialkylethylenediamines, the N,N′-dialkylpropanediamines, the N,N,N,′-trialkylpentanediamines, and the like. In addition, cyclic tertiary amines, such as pyridine, alpha-collidine, gamma picoline, and the like, can be used. Especially useful are N,N,N′,N′-tetraalkylethylenediamines, butane-diamines, and the like.
24. Mixtures of such primary, secondary and tertiary amines may be used. A preferred mono alkyl amine is n-butyl amine; a preferred dialkyl amine is di-n-butyl amine; and a preferred trialkyl amine is triethylamine. A preferred cyclic tertiary amine is pyridine. The concentration of primary and secondary amine in the reaction mixture may vary within wide limits, but is desirably added in low concentrations. A preferred range of non-tertiary amines comprises from about 2.0 to about 25.0 moles per 100 moles of monovalent phenol. In the case of a tertiary amine, the preferred range is considerably broader, and comprises from about 0.2 to about 1500 moles per 100 moles of monovalent phenol. With tertiary amines, if water is not removed from the reaction mixture, it is preferred to use from about 500 to about 1500 moles of amine per 100 moles of phenol. If water is removed from the reaction, then only about 10 moles of tertiary amine, e.g., triethylamine or triethylamine, per 100 moles of phenol need be used as a lower limit. Even smaller amounts of tertiary diamines, such as N,N,N′N′-tetramethylbutanediamine can be used, down to as low as about 0.2 mole per 100 moles of phenol.
25. Typical examples of cuprous salts and cupric salts suitable for the process are shown in the Hay patents. These salts include, for example, cuprous chloride, cuprous bromide, cuprous sulfate, cuprous azide, cuprous tetramine sulfate, cuprous acetate, cuprous butyrate, cuprous toluate, cupric chloride, cupric bromide, cupric sulfate, cupric azide, cupric tetramine sulfate, cupric acetate, cupric butyrate, cupric toluate, and the like. Preferred cuprous and cupric salts include the halides, alkanoates or sulfates, e.g., cuprous bromide and cuprous chloride, cupric bromide and cupric chloride, cupric sulfate, cupric fluoride, cuprous acetate and cupric acetate. With primary and secondary amines, the concentration of the copper salts is desirable maintained low and preferably varies from about 0.2 to 2.5 moles per 100 moles of monovalent phenol. With tertiary amines, the copper salt is preferable used in an amount providing from about 0.2 to about 15 moles per 100 moles of the monovalent phenol.
26. Cupric halides are generally preferred over cuprous halides for the preparation of the copper amine catalyst because of their lower cost. The use of the copper (I) species also greatly increases the rate of oxygen utilization in the early stages of the polymerization reaction and the lower oxygen concentration in the head space of the reactor helps in reducing the risk of fire or explosion in the reactor. A process for the preparation and use of suitable copper-amine catalysts is in U.S. Pat. No. 3,900,445 (Cooper et al.).
27. A faster initial reaction rate with the copper (I) based catalyst also results in less accumulation of unreacted monomer and a reduction in the amount of undesirable tetramethyldiphenylquinone produced. The tetramethyldiphenylquinone, a backward dimer, is believed to incorporate into the PPE through equilibration reactions. The equilibration reactions lead to a drop in the intrinsic viscosity of the PPE due to the decrease in molecular weight of the PPE from the incorporation of the dimer. Minimization of the tetramethyldiphenylquinone during the oxidation coupling is desirable so as to avoid the drop in molecular weight and the accompanying difficulties in having to build to a higher than desired molecular weight to offset the loss during equilibration of the backward dimer. It was unexpectedly found that the present invention affords a process in which the PPE in the reaction mixture shows less than a 10% drop, preferably less than a 5% drop, most preferably less than a 3% drop in I.V. during an equilibration step after the oxidative polymerization of the phenolic monomers.
28. The polymerization reaction is preferably performed in a solvent. Suitable solvents are disclosed in the above-noted Hay patents. Aromatic solvents such as benzene, toluene, ethylbezene, xylene, and o-dichlorobenzene are especially preferred, although tetrachloromethane, trichloromethane, dichloromethane, 1,2-dichloroethane and trichloroethylene may also be used. The weight ratio between solvent and monomer is normally in the range from 1:1 to 20:1, ie. up to a maximum 20-fold excess of solvent. The ratio between solvent and monomer is preferably in the range from 1:1 to 10:1 by weight.
29. One unexpected advantage of the present process to make low intrinsic viscosity PPE is that a higher solids loading is possible as compared to processes that make higher (i.e.>0.28 I.V.) PPE. Without the increased solution viscosity build that concomitantly accompanies high molecular weight polymer, the final solids concentration can be increased by at least 20%, with increases of 30% or more possible. Thus, the present process affords a method for increased reactor utilization and productivity without increasing the size or number of the reactor vessels.
30. The process and reaction conditions for the polymerization, such as reaction time, temperature, oxygen flow rate and the like are modified based on the exact target molecular weight desired. The endpoint of the polymerization is conveniently determined with an in-line viscosity meter. Although other methods such as making molecular weight measurements, running to a predetermined reaction time, controlling to a specified endgroup concentration, or the oxygen concentration in solution may also be utilized.
31. The temperature to carry out the polymerization stage of the invention generally ranges from about 0Ḟ C. to about 95Ḟ C. More preferably, the temperature range is from about 35Ḟ C. to about 45Ḟ C. with the higher reaction temperature near the end of reaction. At substantially higher temperatures, side reactions can occur leading to reaction by-products and at temperatures substantially lower, ice crystals form in the solution.
32. Many diverse extractants or chelating agents may be used in the practice of the invention to complex with the catalyst after the end of the polymerization reaction. For example, sulfuric acid, acetic acid, ammonium salts, bisulfate salts and various chelating agents may be used. When these materials are added to a PPE reaction solution, the copper-amine catalyst becomes poisoned and further oxidation does not take place. Many different materials may be used but it is preferred to employ those chelating agents that are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,838,102 (Bennett et al.).
33. The useful chelating agents include polyfunctional carboxylic acid containing compounds such as, for example, sodium potassium tartrate, nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA), citric acid, glycine and especially preferably they will be selected from polyalkylenepolyamine polycarboxylic acids, aminopolycarboxylic acids, aminocarboxylic acids, aminopolycarboxylic acids, aminocarboxylic acids, polycarboxylic acids and their alkali metal, alkaline earth metal or mixed alkali metal-alkaline earth metal salts. The preferred agents include ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), hydroxyethylenediaminetriacetic acid, diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid and their salts. Especially preferred are ethylenediaminotetraacetic acid or a mono-, di-, tri- and tetrasodium salt thereof and the resulting copper complex can be referred to as a copper carboxylate complex.
34. The chelated metallic catalyst component can be extracted with the water produced in the polymerization reaction by through the use of a liquid/liquid centrifuge. The preferred extraction liquid for use in the process of the invention is an aqueous solution of lower alkanol, i.e., a mixture of water and an alkanol having from 1 to about 4 carbon atoms. Generally from about 1% to about 80% by volume of an alkanol or glycol may be employed. These ratios may vary from about 0.01:1 to about 10:1 parts by volume of aqueous liquid extractant to discrete organic phase.
35. The reaction media generally comprises an aqueous environment. Anti-solvents can also be utilized in combination with the aqueous media to help drive the precipitation of the copper (I) species. The selection of an appropriate anti-solvent is based partially on the solubility co-efficient of the copper (I) species that is being precipitated. The halides are highly insoluble in water, log K[sp]values at 25Ḟ C. are −4.49, −8.23 and −11.96 for CuCl, CuBr and CuI, respectively. Solubility in water is increased by the presence of excess of halide ions due to the formation of, e.g., CuCl2, CUCl3, and CuCl4 and by other complexing species. Non-limiting examples of anti-solvents would comprise low molecular weight alkyl and aromatic hydrocarbons, ketones, alcohols and the like which in themselves would have some solubility in the aqueous solution. One skilled in the art would be able to select an appropriate type and amount of anti-solvent, if any was utilized.
36. One unexpected advantage of the present invention to make low molecular weight PPE (i.e. PPE having an I.V. in the range of about 0.08-0.16 dl./g.) is the reduction in I.V. variation and molecular weight of the PPE after the end of reaction. In the processes of the prior art to make higher intrinsic viscosity resin, i.e. I.V.>0.28 dl/g., after the end of reaction the PPE is held at elevated temperature, typically between about 45Ḟ C. to about 70Ḟ C. for between about 45 to 90 minutes, while the catalyst chelating species as described above is added and allowed to react. During this equilibration process, the previously described backward dimer phenols that are reaction by-products of the oxidation process incorporate into the polymer backbone resulting in a decrease in the molecular weight and I.V. of the PPE. To illustrate this decrease, a PPE targeted to have an I.V, of 0.48 dl/g at the end of reaction will drop to an I.V. of about 0.38 dl/g after equilibration. Conversely, in the present invention, a PPE having a target end of run I.V. of about 0.113 dl/g, after equilibration will have an I.V. of about 0.115 dl/g. It should be apparent that the present invention affords a method to prepare a PPE that has less than about a 10% drop, preferably less than about a 5% drop, and most preferably less than about a 3% drop in I.V. during equilibration after the end of reaction.
37. After removal of the catalyst, the PPE containing solution is concentrated to a higher solids level as part of the isolation of the PPE. Precipitation using standard non-solvent techniques typical for PPE having I.V.'s greater than 0.28 dl/g are not generally useful for isolation of low molecular weight PPE due to the small PPE particle size and friability of the particles. Very low yields are obtained with undesirable fractionation of oligomeric species. A total isolation process is preferred for isolating the PPE. As part of the total isolation, a portion of the solvent is preferably removed in order to reduce the solvent load on the total isolation equipment.
38. Concentration of the PPE containing solution is accomplished by reducing the pressure in a solvent flash vessel while preferably increasing the temperature of the PPE containing solution. Pressures of about 35 to 50 bar are desirable with solution temperatures increased to at least 200Ḟ C., preferably of at least 230Ḟ C. A solids level of PPE of at least 55%, preferably of at least 65% or higher is desirable.
39. The isolation of the PPE is typically carried out in a devolatilizing extruder although other methods involving spray drying, wiped film evaporators, flake evaporators, and flash vessels with melt pumps, including various combinations involving these methods are also useful and in some instances preferred. As previously described, total isolation is preferably from the viewpoint that oligomeric species are not removed to the same degree as with precipitation. Likewise, isolation yields are extremely high and are near quantitative. These techniques require however that the catalyst removal be completed in the prior process steps as any catalyst remaining in solution will necessarily be isolated in the PPE.
40. Devolatilizing extruders and processes are known in the art and typically involve a twin-screw extruder equipped with multiple venting sections for solvent removal. In the practice of the present invention, the preheated concentrated solution containing the PPE is fed into the devolatilizing extruder and maintained at a temperature less than about 275Ḟ C., and preferably less than about 250Ḟ C., and most preferably between about 185-220Ḟ C. with pressures in the vacuum vent of less than about 1 bar. The resultant solvent level is reduced to less than about 1200 ppm, preferably less than about 600 ppm, and most preferably less than about 400 ppm. Furthermore, it was unexpected that temperatures as low as less than 250Ḟ C. and preferably between about 185-220Ḟ C. would be useful and preferred as current PPE having an I.V. of>0.28 dl/g generally require a temperature of 300Ḟ C. or higher in similar total isolation processes.
41. Another unexpected result obtained through the use of a devolatilizing extruder was the extremely high yield of PPE achieved in the process. For example, a PPE yield of over 99% was obtained even for PPE having a low I.V. whereas in the precipitation process known in the art, the yield of similar low I.V. PPE was less than 90%. Thus, the present process comprising a devolatilizing extruder affords a method to prepare low molecular weight polyphenylene ether resin, typically within the intrinsic viscosity range of about 0.08 dl/g to about 0.16 dl/g, in a yield of over 90%, preferably over 95%, more preferably over 98% and most preferably over 99%, based upon the amount of monovalent phenol utilized in the oxidative coupling.
42. When using a devolatilization extruder for the total isolation of the PPE, it was found that traditional underwater or water spray cooling of strands of extrudate followed by chopping the extrudate into pellets gave unacceptable results presumably due to the low melt strength and inherent brittle nature of low molecular weight PPE. It was found that special pelletization techniques can overcome these difficulties. Useful techniques include die-face pelletization, including underwater pelletization and flaking, declining angle strand pelletization using water spraying, and vibration drop pelletization with underwater pelletization especially suitable.
43. It was unexpectedly found that underwater pelletization resulted in a significantly lower color in the PPE as compared to the standard stranding with water/air cooling followed by pelletization techniques. Yellowness index (YI) numbers of less than 30, and even less than 25 are achievable as compared to YI>50 achieved with the standard stranding technique. It should be apparent that the present process affords a method of preparing a PPE with a YI of less than about 30, preferably less than about 25.
44. Another unexpected benefit of underwater pelletization of PPE, especially low I.V. PPE, is that very low (less than about 3% by weight) fines, defined as pellets (i.e. particles) of less than 850 microns in size, could be obtained. It should be clear that the present invention includes a method to reduce the number of fines having a particle size less than about 850 micron in polyphenylene ether wherein the method comprises underwater pelletization of the polyphenylene ether resin. A preferred embodiment includes a method to reduce the number of fines having a particle size less than about 850 micron to less than about 3%, preferably less than about 1.5% by weight based on the total weight of the pellets.
45. The collected PPE pellets can be dried using techniques standard in the art including centrifugal dryers, batch or continuous oven dryers, fluid beds, and the like. Determination of an appropriate set of conditions can be readily determined by one of skill in the art without undue experimentation.
46. All patents cited by reference are incorporated herein by reference.
47. In order that those skilled in the art will be better able to practice the invention, the following examples are given by way of illustration and not by way of limitation.
48. Polymerization Reaction
49. A typical laboratory reaction recipe and reaction conditions are indicated below:
50. The catalyst solution can be prepared by stirring 0.41 g of cuprous bromide and 10.9 g of di-n-butyl amine in 100 ml of toluene. The catalyst is transferred to a one liter stirred glass reactor equipped with an internal cooling coil and inlet tubes for oxygen and monomer. A rapid stream of oxygen is introduced near the bottom of the reactor and a solution of 70 g of 2,6-xylenol in 100 ml of toluene is added through a metering pump, over a period of fifteen minutes, to the rapidly stirred solution. The temperature is maintained initially at about 40Ḟ C. to about 45Ḟ C./48Ḟ C. towards the end of the run by circulating water from a constant temperature bath through the cooling coil. Molecular weight build is continuously monitored with a typical reaction time to target I.V. of about 100-107 minutes.
51. Although the conditions are for a laboratory scale reaction they in general scaleable to commercial processes carried out in commercial equipment without undue burden by one of skill in the art.
52. Equilibration
53. In the glass reactor vessel, the copper catalyst was complexed by the addition of a complexant like nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) or other copper complexing agent in order to solubilize it in the aqueous liquid phase.
Mixing time: ca. 70 min. Temperature: ca. 55Ḟ C.
54. Removal of complexed catalyst
55. Typical conditions for a liquid/liquid centrifuge on a commercial scale are as indicated below.
PPE solution feed rate to the 1st L/L centrifuge: 10 m3/hr water feed rate to the 1st L/L centrifuge: 100-200 l/hr PPE solution feed rate to the 2nd L/L centrifuge: 0.5-0.8 m3/hr water feed rate to the 2nd L/L centrifuge 100 l/hr
56. Typical residual water and copper contents achieved after the 1st centrifuge are water as low as 1500 ppm and copper as low as 0.2 ppm. Surprisingly it was found that the feed can be recirculated constantly over the centrifuge, without negative effect on the ease of separation or emulsion formation tendency, hence achieving multiple extraction steps. In the feed to the 2nd centrifuge only water, without additional NTA is added.
57. Preconcentration
58. Typical conditions for a commercial scale are as follows. The PPE containing solution is preheated to a temperature of at least 240Ḟ C. a pressure of ca. 40 bar. The solution is flashed to low pressure in a flash vessel a PPE solids content of at least about 65%. The high solids level is desirable to reduce the solvent load to the total isolation equipment that would have been present without preconcentration. Typical conditions are tabulated below:
P before the flash vessel: 40 bar T before the flash vessel: 245-260Ḟ C. Feedrate to the flash tank: 0.7-.87 ton/hr T after the flash vessel 114-126Ḟ C.
59. Total isolation
60. The isolation is preferably carried out in a devolatilizing extruder. The preferred devolatilizing extruder is a co-rotating twin screw extruder with a backfeed capability. Multiple devolatilizing venting sections are preferred to achieve low volatiles content.
T zone 1 ca. 200Ḟ C. T zone 2 ca. 200Ḟ C. T zone 3 ca. 200Ḟ C. T zone 4 ca. 195-200Ḟ C. T zone 5 ca. 195-200Ḟ C. T zone 6 ca. 200Ḟ C. T zone 7 ca. 200Ḟ C. T zone 8 ca. 200Ḟ C. T zone 9 ca. 200Ḟ C. P back vent ca. 0.8 bar P 1st vacuum vent ca. 0.8 bar P 2nd vacuum vent ca. 0.7 bar P 3rd vacuum vent ca. 0.72-0.75 bar Screw rpm ca. 294 Extruder Torque ca. 30-38% Extruder motor ca. 85-106 Amp
61. It was unexpected that such very low temperatures could be used while still maintaining excellent low residual solvent levels in the end product. PPE grades known in the art and having I.V.'s of at least 0.28 dl/g are isolated at 300Ḟ C. or above under similar conditions.
62. Other configurations and modifications can be used as well, like different size and number of venting ports, other screw design, sequence of feed and venting sections. Also the preheated feed solution can be added in any solvent concentration with flashing either partly or totally in the devolatizing extruder.
63. Pelletization
64. The low melt strength of the low molecular weight PPE's requires special pelletization techniques compared to normal IV grade PPE materials. The table below shows typical settings for the underwater pelletizer:
Product throughput: ca. 240 kg/hr Melt pump feed ca. 6 bar pressure: Melt pump product ca. 95-100 bar pressure: Die temperature: ca. 300Ḟ C. Water addition rate: ca. 10 m3/hr Rotating knife rpm: ca. 3600 Water temperature: ca. 90Ḟ C. Centrifugal dryer rpm: ca. 450
65. The pelletized low molecular weight PPE, which is inherently very brittle, unexpectedly had a low content of fines. Fines levels of less than 3% by weight below 850 micron, preferably less than 2% by weight, and most preferably less than about 1.1% by weight can be achieved by the process. Modifications are achievable without undue experimentation of the die design, rotating knife speed, temperature and throughput, the particle size can be readily controlled to desired values.
66. In order to further highlight some of the unexpected results obtained in the present process, the following tables compare various properties and characteristics obtained for low molecular weight PPE as compared to a PPE having an I.V. of 0.48 dl/g prepared as described by methods known in the art.
67. The table below compares two batches of low molecular weight with an end of reaction I.V. of about 0.11 dl/g to a batch of high molecular weight PPE having an end of reaction I.V. of about 0.48 dl/g. After equilibration, the I.V. of the high molecular weight has dropped by approximately 20% whereas the low molecular weight PPE batches have remained constant within experimental error of the test method. After the PPE samples had been treated to thermal processing in the melt, the low molecular weight PPE samples again remain fairly stable in I.V. with less than 5% increase in I.V. Conversely, the high molecular weight PPE has an increase in I.V. from about 0.38 after equilibration to about 0.485 after melt processing, an increase of about 25%. It was unexpected that the low molecular weight PPE prepared in the present process would have an I.V. that varied less than about 5% throughout equilibration and thermal processing (heating into the melt for about 0.2 minutes to about 20 minutes, ca. 200Ḟ C. for low molecular weight and ca. 300Ḟ C. for high molecular weight).
I.V. after I.V. after thermal I.V. at end of equilibration processing PPE Grade reaction (dl/g) (dl/g) (dl/g) Low molecular 0.113 0.115 0.116-0.122 weight PPE batch 1 Low molecular 0.114 0.116 0.116-0.122 weight PPE batch 2 High molecular 0.48 0.38 0.485 weight PPE
68. It should be clear from the data in the above table that the present invention include a method to prepare a low molecular weight PPE that has less than about 3% change in I.V. through equilibration. It should also be clear that the present invention also includes a method to prepare a low molecular weight PPE that has less than about 5% change in I.V. after equilibration and through thermal processing. Furthermore, it should also be clear that the present invention includes a PPE that has less than about 3% change in I.V. through equilibration. Also it should be clear that the present process also includes a polyphenylene ether resin having less than about a 10% change in intrinsic viscosity after an equilibration step following the oxidative coupling and after a thermal treatment at 200Ḟ C. for about 0.2 minutes to about 20 minutes.
69. The table below compares the level of copper remaining after the catalyst extraction steps. As can be seen from these data, the low molecular weight PPE has less than half the amount of residual copper remaining in the final isolated product. It was unexpected that the I.V. of the PPE would have an effect for improving the catalyst removal.
ppm Cu PPO solution after 1st PFE Grade centrifuge ppm Cu final product Low molecular 0.2-2 1-3 weight PPE (0.11 dl/g) High molecular ca. 5 ca. 8 weight PPE (0.48 dl/g)
70. The table below compares the devolatilization extruder temperature range and residual toluene level remaining in the final isolated PPE. It was unexpected that the extruder could be operated at a lower temperature range and obtain residual solvent levels that are as good or better than obtained with higher temperatures for a higher (0.48 I.V.) molecular weight PPE. It should be noted that the extruder cannot be operated at the lower temperature range with 0.48 I.V. PPE without exceeding the torque rating of the machine.
Extruder zone ppm toluene in final PPE Grade Temperature range product Low molecular 195-200Ḟ C. 260-450 weight PPE (0.11 dl/g) High molecular 245-300Ḟ C. ca. 300-500 weight PPE (0.48 dl/g)
71. The following table compares the level of dibutylamine (DBA) incorporated in the low molecular weight PPE of the present invention as compared to the level incorporated into high molecular weight (0.48 I.V.) PPE. It was unexpected that such low levels would remain in the low molecular weight PPE. It should be clear from these data that the present process affords a more cost effective and environmentally friendly PPE process as a larger proportion of the dibutylamine remains with the solvent stream and can be recovered and recycled.
DBA content of final PPE Grade product Low molecular 0.15-0.28% weight PPE (0.11 dl/g) High molecular 0.9-1.0% weight PPE (0.48 dl/g)
72. Thus, the present invention includes a process to make low I.V. PPE having an incorporated amine level of less than about 0.3 % by weight based on the weight of the PPE.
73. These and other embodiments should be apparent from the disclosure contained herein.
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Aug 26, 2003
|Aug 2, 2005
|General Electric Company
|Method of separating a polymer from a solvent
|Aug 26, 2003
|Sep 27, 2005
|General Electric Company
|Method of separating a polymer from a solvent
|Aug 26, 2003
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|Purified polymeric materials and methods of purifying polymeric materials
|Aug 26, 2003
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|U.S. Classification
|528/212, 568/631, 528/214, 568/635, 568/636, 528/217, 568/630
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Mar 15, 2005
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Jul 30, 2008
Owner name: SABIC INNOVATIVE PLASTICS IP B.V., NETHERLANDS
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:GENERAL ELECTRIC COMPANY;REEL/FRAME:021311/0259
Effective date: 20070831
|Aug 18, 2008
Owner name: CITIBANK, N.A., AS COLLATERAL AGENT,NEW YORK
Free format text: SECURITY AGREEMENT;ASSIGNOR:SABIC INNOVATIVE PLASTICS IP B.V.;REEL/FRAME:021423/0001
Effective date: 20080307
|Apr 27, 2009
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|Dec 8, 2009
|Expired due to failure to pay maintenance fee
Effective date: 20091016


text:
Women's 5,000: OTC Elite's Julia Lucas loses Olympic bid in photo finish
Kim Conley surged ahead of Julia Lucas at the finish line to claim third place and the final berth onto the U.S. Olympic team in the women's 5,000-meter Thursday night at Hayward Field.
Lucas took the lead with three laps to go and led until there were 300 meters to go, when she was passed by Molly Huddle and Julie Culley.
Culley went on to win in 15:13.77, with Huddle second in 15:14.40.
Lucas, the Oregon Track Club Elite runner, looked as if she would be able to hold on for third, but she appeared to be dragging her left leg on the final straightaway, allowing Conley and Abbey D'Agostino to close the gap.
As she crossed the finish line, Lucas still thought she held on for third — before the scoreboard showed Conley third in 15:19.79, Lucas fourth in 15:19.83 and D'Agostino fifth in 15:19.98.
Conley needed the achieve the Olympic "A" standard of 15:20, and she got it — barely.
"I completely ran under water and ran out of steam," Lucas said. "I didn't feel great throughout the race, so I thought, because I didn't feel great and there were so many girls together, that a long, extended push would be the way to go. And it came back and bit me. I just didn't have it in the last 100 meters."


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ok, that explains alot
And that really wouldnt make sense because i have seen many photos from the Hubble on AOL that are in color.
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text: Ivar, I've subsequently discovered that you've been using http://defect.opensolaris.org/bz/show_bug.cgi?id=10036 to track this issue, so we seem to have split the conversation into two threads. Since I'm not the person working on this bug I suggest we keep discussion within the bug for the benefit of whomever is pursuing it. Please update the bug with this information. Thanks, Bob Ivar Janmaat wrote: > Hello Bob, > > If I start a session: > - AUDIODEV and UTAUDIODEV are not set. > - The audio deamon is not running > The result is that I can not play audio on my Sun Ray. > > When I set AUDIODEV with a shell command: > $ AUDIODEV= `/opt/SUNWut/bin/utaudio` > The following line is printed: > SO_KEEPALIVE: option not supported by protocol > And a blank line is printed. > I have to press Enter or ^C to get back to the command prompt. > In both cases the AUDIODEV is set correctly. > > If I also set UTAUDIODEV and export them I can play audio on the Sun > Ray with: > gst-launch filesrc location x.wav ! wavparse ! sunaudiosink > All the gstreamer apps and realplayer still complain that the can not > access the audio device. > > Hope this helps, > > Ivar > > > Bob Doolittle wrote: > >> >> /etc/X11/xinit/xinitrc.d/0100.SUNWut.sh should launch utaudio which >> should return the value stored in UTAUDIODEV. Files in that directory >> are executed by gdm when it executes /etc/X11/gdm/Xsession. We >> haven't done a lot of experimenting with SRSS on 124 yet (although >> hopefully I will tomorrow if I can get my IPS repository to install >> since those testbeds are 124 based) and would appreciate any data you >> may gather. >> >> -Bob >> > > _______________________________________________ > SunRay-Users mailing list > SunRay-Users at filibeto.org > http://www.filibeto.org/mailman/listinfo/sunray-users


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|City & Guilds of London Art School
124 Kennington Park Road
London SE11 4DJ
020 7735 2306
020 7582 5361
|Getting here
|The School is easily reached by both bus and underground. Buses stop almost outside the School and we are only a few minutes walk from the nearest underground station.
|By Tube
|Kennington Station, Northern Line
|By Bus
|From Waterloo: 133, 333, 155 and 415
|By Car
|Parking meters are available in Cleaver Square.


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This new research represents "the first thing you could call a neural focus group," Lieberman said.
One reason focus groups can be misleading, he said, is that people often do not know what motivates their own behavior.
"Our brain is built to generate reasons for our actions," Lieberman said, "and we think the reasons we come up with must be true. We believe our own reasons with an intensity that is out of proportion to their accuracy. In this study, we are bypassing people's self-reports and getting at a form of hidden wisdom in the brain.
"We wanted to determine what kind of brain activity serves as the catalyst between people seeing a message and whether they actually change their behavior," he said. "This is the region we identified. We have tested it multiple times, and each time, it has been successful."
John Wanamaker, a 19th-century U.S. department store pioneer, famously said he wasted half the money he spent on advertising, but "the trouble is I don't know which half." Many people since Wanamaker have hoped to predict which advertising campaigns will succeed or fail before committing their advertising dollars.
"We're too late for Wanamaker, but now we have a method for figuring out which ads will succeed," Lieberman said.
The 30 smokers in the study were between the ages of 28 and 69; half were female.
Brain regions associated with thinking analytically have not been consistently associated with whether people change their behavior in these studies, Lieberman said. The medial prefrontal cortex is associated not with analytical thinking but with self-reflection thinking about our own identity as well as what we like
|Contact: Stuart Wolpert
University of California - Los Angeles


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Anne Whiteman's Birthday Kugel
- 6 eggs
- 1 1/2 cups 4-percent-fat cottage cheese (small or large curd, or California-style)
- 1 cup plus 2 tablespoons sour cream
- 3/4 cup sugar
- 2 1/4 cups whole milk
- 3/4 cup raisins
- 6 tablespoons butter, melted
- 2 1/4 teaspoons vanilla extract
- 1 teaspoon grated orange zest
- 1 teaspoon grated lemon zest
- 1 tablespoon salt
- 18 ounces wide, preferably flat egg noodles
- 1 cup coarsely crushed corn flakes
- 2 tablespoons butter, melted
- 2 teaspoons ground cinnamon
To make the kugel, in the bowl of a food processor fitted with the metal blade, whirl together the eggs. Add the cottage cheese, sour cream, and sugar. Process until smooth. Pour into a large bowl and stir in the milk, raisins, melted butter, vanilla, and orange and lemon zests.
In a large pot, bring at least 5 quarts of water to a boil over high heat, salt, and cook the noodles until just before they are fully cooked, about 5 minutes, but check package directions for exact timing. Drain and stir the noodles into the egg-cheese mixture, then refrigerate, tightly covered, overnight. (I think this step of preparing ahead was mainly for convenience. I have baked the pudding immediately, and it turns out lighter; the noodles don't absorb as much of the custard.
Lightly butter a 9- by 13-inch baking dish. Preheat the oven to 350° F.
To make the topping, toss together the corn flakes, melted butter, and cinnamon in a small bowl. To bake the kugel, pour the noodle mixture into the baking dish and sprinkle evenly with the topping. Bake for 35 to 40 minutes, until lightly browned. Let stand at least 10 minutes before serving.
Source Information
Reprinted with permission from Arthur Schwartz's Jewish Home Cooking: Yiddish Recipes Revisited by Arthur Schwartz, copyright © 2008. Published by Ten Speed Press. Photo credit: Ben Fink © 2008
Epicurious.com © Condé Nast Digital, Inc. All rights reserved.


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Detroit Pistons v Dallas Mavericks
Dirk Nowitzki of the Dallas Mavericks shoots a jumper against the... News PhotoAmerican Airlines Center,Basketball - Sport,Dallas,Dallas Mavericks,Detroit Pistons,Dirk Nowitzki,Full Length,Jump Shot,Making a Basket,NBA Pro Basketball,Sport,Taking a Shot - Sport,Texas,USA,VerticalPhotographer Glenn JamesCollection: National Basketball Association 2010 NBAEDALLAS - NOVEMBER 23: Dirk Nowitzki #41 of the Dallas Mavericks shoots a jumper against the Detroit Pistons during a game on November 23, 2010 at the American Airlines Center in Dallas, Texas. NOTE TO USER: User expressly acknowledges and agrees that, by downloading and or using this photograph, User is consenting to the terms and conditions of the Getty Images License Agreement. Mandatory Copyright Notice: Copyright 2010 NBAE (Photo by Glenn James/NBAE via Getty Images)


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Labour councillor Matthew Brown vows to fight for a 'living wage' if chosen to contest Cleethorpes seat in General Election
Posted: January 25, 2014|
A LABOUR councillor has vowed to campaign for the introduction of a "living wage" if selected to contest the parliamentary seat of Cleethorpes for the party at next year's general election.
Matthew Brown, who represents the Cleethorpes ward of Croft Baker, has entered the race to become Labour's candidate for the key marginal, as previously reported.
He is the second person to throw his hat into the ring after Ian Gent, a former union convenor at BAE in Brough.
Councillor Brown, 27, said he had been persuaded to put his name forward because of the struggle facing many hard-working families.
Related content
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14 people enter race to become Labour's parliamentary candidate for Cleethorpes at next General Election
North East Lincolnshire leader Chris Shaw among 14 hopefuls vying to become Labour candidate for Cleethorpes at general election
He said: "I have never before seen our communities so worried about not only their futures but their children and grandchildren's futures as a result of the Conservative and Liberal Democrat coalition's policy.
"We have seen tuition fees increase, cuts to local councils, the NHS slowly being privatised, education been taken out of the hands of the many and placed in the hands of the few and people having to choose whether to eat or heat their homes, where hard-working families are being penalised by the bedroom tax which is breaking up our communities, I believe enough is enough."
Councillor Brown said he would campaign for a living wage throughout the UK starting with North East Lincolnshire Council.
"This is something I have already lobbied senior council politicians about as I want to see our local councils lead the way and ensure all employees are on a living wage."
Councillor Brown, a former chairman of the council's children and young people's scrutiny panel, would also lobby for greater local accountability in education.
"The policy of Free Schools and academies, out of control of local people, is putting at risk our children's future, risking increasing the rich and poor divide.
"I believe more local accountability is needed and it is one of the first things I would lobby."
He said the party would need "a big tent of ideas" to unseat the Conservatives at the next election, with a manifesto that appealed beyond just its traditional supporter base.
He said it had always been his ambition to represent the area in which he grew up in parliament, but pledged to support whichever candidate was chosen to fight the seat for Labour.


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Infinite Energy offers a variety of plans to meet your individual energy goals. No account is too big or too small and all enjoy the personalized service we build our reputation on.
Today's Rates
For customers who use less than 3,000 therms annually, choose one of our competitive rate options below:
Plus $8.50 per monthly DDDC
Custom Rates
It takes just minutes to tailor a no-obligations quote for a Georgia gas rate for your business. Here are some of the options you'd customize:
- Long term or short term? With terms from 3 months up to 60 months, you can select the best coverage for your business.
- Fixed, variable, or both? You can float with the market or freeze your price on some or all of your usage.
- Different needs at different times of the year? No problem. Have one plan in the summer and another in the winter. Or one plan for your busy season and one plan for the rest of the year. Whatever your seasonal needs are, we can accommodate them.
No matter how you use natural gas, Infinite Energy has the right plan for you.


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The Weather Channel's new film series, Brink, highlights eco-heroes and organizations fighting to save the world's wildlife, including the conservation work of Panthera's CEO, Dr. Alan Rabinowitz, to save jaguars and other big cats from the brink. Watch 'A Boy's Promise' to learn about Dr. Rabinowitz, his childhood, and the promise he made to one day be the voice for animals, and how he has carried through on this promise for jaguars with the creation of Panthera's Jaguar Corridor Initiative.
The Weather Channel has just launched a new film series entitled Brink that highlights eco-heroes and organizations fighting to save the world's wildlife. As part of this series, a new, short film entitled 'A Boy's Promise' has just been released featuring the conservation work of Panthera's CEO, Dr. Alan Rabinowitz, to save the jaguar and other big cats from the brink. Learn about Dr. Rabinowitz's severe stutter as a child and his promise to one day be the voice for animals, including the elusive jaguar. Also learn about the threats facing the Americas' largest wild cat today and what Panthera is doing to ensure a future for the jaguar.
As Dr. Rabinowitz explains in the film: "I was born with a severe stutter, and as a child I couldn't speak. I realized that I could talk to animals and they had feelings, but they couldn't express those feelings either. These animals were just like me. I promised them that if I ever found my voice, I would try to be the voice for animals. And I never forgot that promise."
Spread the Word
Help protect and raise awareness about the plight of the jaguar by sharing this video on Facebook and Twitter:
To show our appreciation for sharing this video, we'd like to offer a free jaguar screensaver available for download below:
Additional Resources
- Watch Canon's short film, Man and Beast, featuring Dr. Rabinowitz
- Watch Dr. Rabinowitz's Interview on The Colbert Report
- Learn more about Dr. Rabinowitz
- Learn how Panthera is working to save the jaguar through the Jaguar Corridor Initiative and the Pantanal Jaguar Project


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PLEASE CALL FOR A QUOTE -- NO FUEL / VAT CHARGES. We offer very competiive prices and WILL beat any genuine quote that you have been given. We are available on a national level as well as a local level. We are friendly and polite and will ensure t


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Letter: One out of two
Jon Strohmeyer, Naples
One out of two
Glad you came to your senses. After discontinuing my subscription to the Daily News due to your presidential endorsement in 2008, I will now resubscribe.
I am uncertain how or why it took four disastrous years of economic, legislative and international failures for you to come to the conclusion that President Barack Obama isn't right for our country, something that seemed so obvious at the time.
I applaud your current endorsement of Mitt Romney for president of the United States.
I only wish that you'd have gotten the senatorial endorsement correct. Maybe it will take another term for you to see that Bill Nelson is just another Obama appendage.
Connie Mack IV would serve us better.
Subscribe to the Naples Daily News
Need Help? Call us at 1-888-878-6842.
Monday-Friday: 6am-6pm / Saturday: 7am-3pm / Sunday: 7am-2pm


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A tragic accident involving milk and my carpeted office resulted in me scouring the Internet to find the cheapest option for carpet cleaning. My options were disappointing: buy a huge appliance for $350 or rent one from the grocery story for $60. But what if I could borrow a carpet cleaning machine from a neighbor? Perfect.
Did you know that you can borrow items from nice folks in your area? When I landed on NeighborGoods.net, I knew I had found a treasure. Instead of buying, storing, and rarely using household items, I can share them with my neighbors!
NeighborGoods is network for neighbors. I log on, list items I'm willing to share, and find items to borrow. The site has security options such as verified accounts, and members can charge deposit or rental fees. A quick search shows me how I can easily borrow from neighbors near me.
Here are some popular offerings:
-Power tools
-Party furniture (chairs, grill, etc.)
-Christmas decorations
-Vacuum cleaners
-Bicycles for short trips
-Sports Equipment (basketball, surf board, etc.)
I am one of the many Americans spending a total of $22 billion a year on self-storage. Admittedly, Americans are pretty bad at sharing. But think about it: why does every person on my block need their own lawnmower?
Founder Micki Krimmel shares on her blog some of her inspiration for creating the NeighborGoods sharing network:
The hyper-consumption that has dominated our economy and culture in recent decades is the anomaly in human history and it's burning itself out by its very reliance on unsustainable growth. In its place we are turning back to a more collaborative, communal economic model where we are re-learning how to share resources and skills. We are re-learning what it means to be part of a community. And we are re-learning what it means to live happy and fulfilling lives without the constant pressure to buy more crap.
Shareable Magazine recently released a study on sharing finding that people who share are happier people. They found that "once someone tries a sharing service they're more likely to begin sharing in other areas of their life."
Next time you are in need of an item, check out NeighborGoods to share and borrow items. Their mission ("to help members live less wasteful and more connected lives") is bring fresh interconnectedness to our neighborhoods.
Read more: local, neighborgoods, neighborhood, sharing, trailblazers for good, website
Photo by Daisy's Little Cottage on Flickr
great idea...i love it...when we look at many ancient cultures...they had so few possessions.....and they began the world we know...
This is great article
I think in my neighborhood this would be great. Other places I have lived, sadly, I know it would have been a hey, I'm giving away my lawnmower offer. I hope more people can learn what is really important in life or we are all doomed. Thanks for the tip. You guys always put a smile on my face.
Love this and seeclickfix.com/citizens!
great idea, i hope more people will start doing this :)
great idea.
Sounds like an ideal way to save money while getting the job done and making new friends.
Great idea.
We, the common people, must be the heros.
The time has come and we, the common people, must take the heros by the hand and guide them.
We must discipline and watch those in offices that once held heros. We, the busy, overworked, unpaid, despairing people must take the "heros" (hah!) and lead them by the hand. We must slap those hands or put candies into them.
Lord, we need heros.
Has our nation back slidden so much that you have taken away the heros?
For, behold, the LORD, the LORD of hosts, doth take away from Jerusalem and from Judah the stay and the staff, the whole stay of bread and the whole stay of water.
The mighty man and the man of war, the judge and the prophet and the prudent and the ancient.
The captain of fifty and the honourable man and the counsellor and the cunning artificer and the eloquent orator.
And I will give children to be their princes and babes shall rule over them.
And the people shall be oppressed,Isaiah 3:1-5
Wake up, America.
We are like ancient Israel just before Jerusalem was invaded.
Wake up, turn to Creator and repent!
There is only a little time left.
Disclaimer: The views expressed above are solely those of the author and may
not reflect those of
Care2, Inc., its employees or advertisers.
As someone who struggles with mental health issues, thank you for sharing this article.
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text:
07/22/13 – Ruler for OrigamiJuly 22nd, 2013 |
I have never done origami, but I think it looks like fun. :)
2014 Appearance Schedule
ABQ Comic Con
Mar 28-30, Seattle, WA
Emerald City Comic Con
(with TopatoCo)
May 9-11, Toronto, ON
(with TopatoCo)
More to be added...
past conventions
I have never done origami, but I think it looks like fun. :)
Never tried it myself, but I have sat and watched, fascinated, as Japanese women made all sorts of things from rice paper sheets w/out plans or instructions. It's like watching real magic performed in front of your eyes. Mantises, dolls, dragon boats, gateways, crickets, pagodas, samurai figures, you name it. They even did requests. I had them make up an origami figure of my wife in her wedding gown (well a woman in her western wedding gown) from a picture I always carried, in about ten minutes, which I carefully shipped to my wife. She had it until the day she passed away and my elder daughter has it now.
Ha. I just figured Vachel was folding something complex, like Lang's black forest cuckoo clock:
timelapse of folding:
or a scaled koi:
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A question about Daconil
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LawnSite Bronze Member
Join Date: Aug 2001
Location: Stratford, CT
Posts: 1,476
Blue Dawn For Algea
I wish I knew. It seems that at one of the municipal courses the chemical buget was shot. The super wanted to use a wetting agent but had run out. He took the soap from a shop sink & added it to a tank mix to lower surface tension. Then he noticed the algea dying.
I can't vouch for the validity of the story. But I can recall the various members of the New York Metropolitan Superintendents Assoc. all raving over how it has worked.
Where I have followed the stories, the greens have all been older native soil push ups that have been top dressed with sand.
They've all used the Dawn in conjunction with Mancozeb at least.
Most have tried other detergents with no success and have gone back to the Blue Dawn.
Most of the really high powered Agronomy professors that I've bounced this off have shugged &/or laughed. I suppose it's not a big enough issue to attract the financial attention of the research coomunity. I do have a friend who is a very accomplished chemist (20+ patents), and I'll mention it to him & see if he can tell us why Dawn would work over others.
If nothing else, it is a bit funny.
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- Moldy Cheese Day
Houston Bar to Unveil 6 Pappy Van Winkle Whiskeys on July 4
Reserve 101
Reserve 101
Today on The Daily Meal
Recipe of the day
Reserve 101 bar in Houston will celebrate the Fourth of July with the special unveiling of six bottles of Pappy Van Winkle whiskey, including all three varieties of the highly sought-after Van Winkle expressions.
The six whiskey expressions include Old Rip Van Winkle 10yr 107 Proof, 12-year old Van Winkle Special Reserve, 13-year-old Van Winkle Family Reserve Rye, 15-year-old Pappy Van Winkle's Family Reserve 15yr, Pappy Van Winkle's Family Reserve 20yr, and Pappy Van Winkle's Family Reserve 23yr.
The entire specialty collection will be available on a first-come, first-serve basis when Reserve 101 opens its doors on Friday, July 4.
"People can argue whether this is the world's greatest whiskey — not my place to say — but I can tell you no other whiskey gets asked for more at our bar than Van Winkle," said Mike Raymond, co-owner of Reserve 101. "Not some of the time, not most of the time, but every single day. We are very pleased to be able to offer Houstonians this unicorn whiskey on July Fourth."
For the latest food and drink updates, visit our Food News page.
Karen Lo is an associate editor at The Daily Meal. Follow her on Twitter @appleplexy.
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Post Content
The Mass EduData Challenge, a six-week open data competition, held its official kickoff event on Wednesday, May 28th at hack/reduce. This education-focused civic hacking competition challenges developers to enhance educational outcomes by leveraging public data sets maintained by the Department of Elementary and Secondary Education (DESE). The night was a huge success, drawing in over 70 developers from Massachusetts and beyond.
The venue, hack/reduce (which boasts the motto "Code big or go home"), is a not-for-profit established in partnership with the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. The Cambridge-based "hacker space" brings the great minds of Massachusetts' developer community under one roof by hosting hackathons, data challenges, and skill-building workshops. Last December, hack/reduce hosted a 24 hour hackathon for the Massachusetts Department of Transportation (MassDOT), which produced powerful data analyses and visualizations.
Teams and individuals competing in the Mass EduData challenge gathered in hack/reduce's meeting space to listen to speakers' inspiring examples of the ways open data can provide valuable tools for the Commonwealth. During the data "deep dive" portion of the evening, the competitors were introduced to their challenge and to the data sets they will utilize during the next six weeks. The developers are tasked with analyzing and displaying the public data sets in a manner that is both user-friendly and informative to the public. Participants will use this data to identify relationships with other data sets, explain patterns, and provide insights into what that data means.
During the remainder of the evening, hack/reduce was buzzing with conversation as competitors chatted one-on-one with the organizers of the data challenge and with each other to begin formulating their ideas.
At the conclusion of this six-week data challenge, the two top teams will receive $1,500 each and a Google Nexus Tablet, for "Best Use of Data" and "Most Visually Compelling." A third team will receive $1,000 and a Google Nexus Tablet for the "Crowd Favorite" category. A $500 "Collaborative Data Contribution" prize will be awarded to a single team that supports the work of other competitors in the most helpful and collaborative way.
Additionally, two "start-up focused" prizes will be awarded: HubSpot will grant a top team automatic placement into HubSpot Jumpstart: a scholarship program for seed-stage startups, and LearnLaunch will provide a startup strategy session with angel investors, Jean Hammond and Eileen Rudden.
Winners will be announced during the July 8th award ceremony at hack/reduce. This concluding event will highlight the creative and insightful applications designed by the developers. Stay updated on progress or join in the discussion about the Mass EduData Challenge on Twitter by using the #MassEduData hashtag. Get real-time news about the challenge by following @MassInnov8 on Twitter and subscribe to the Mass Innovation Blog.
For more information:
Official Mass EduData Challenge Page
Tags: Big Data, Crowdsourcing, Data Challenge, Education, Innovation, Mass EduData, Open Data, opengov
Recent Posts
2014 Annual Report of the Office of the Government Innovation Officer (OGIO) posted on Dec 23
This past year has been quite an active one as we have made great progress advancing our innovation agenda within Massachusetts state government. Highlights include: Launched a Commonwealth of Massachusetts Innovation Fellows (CMIF) Program to nurture and grow a culture of innovation among Commonwealth employees …Continue Reading 2014 Annual Report of the Office of the Government Innovation Officer (OGIO)
The Commonwealth of Massachusetts Launches Its Municipal Grant Finder posted on Dec 3
Local officials in city and town governments interact with the Commonwealth every day on a variety of matters – from accessing resources to understanding obligations and regulations. Sometimes, local officials know which persons, programs or agencies to contact at the state level to access the …Continue Reading The Commonwealth of Massachusetts Launches Its Municipal Grant Finder
The Road to Open Data posted on Nov 24
The topic of Open Data is gaining significant coverage in government news. So amongst the buzz, the Commonwealth and the Mass Technology Leadership Council (MassTLC) held an open discussion to hear thoughts from the public. According to The Open Data Handbook, "open data is data …Continue Reading The Road to Open Data