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» News
Pak parties oppose voting plan for expatriates
Publication Date : 28-09-2012
A plan for exercise of voting right by about 3.7 million overseas Pakistanis has hit a snag with most political parties opposing the idea in the absence of a feasible mechanism.
According to sources, representatives of a majority of mainstream parties invited by the Election Commission yesterday for a marathon consultative session on matters relating to the coming polls expressed the fear that bogus votes would be polled through postal ballots unless a well thought-out mode was evolved to enable the overseas Pakistanis to vote.
This means that the 3.7 million overseas Pakistanis on the electoral rolls will not be able to cast their votes in the general election unless they travel to their constituencies.
The Muttahida Qaumi Movement (MQM), Jamaat-i-Islami (JI), Pakistan Muslim League-N, Pakistan People's Party-S, Balochistan National Party- A and Pakistan Muslim League-Functional (PML-F) were among the parties that warned that the proposal, if implemented without a practicable mode of voting, would open a new door for rigging.
A proposal by the Election Commission secretary for increasing the number of National Assembly seats was welcomed by almost all the parties.
Around 300 proposals for ensuring free, fair and peaceful elections were presented at the meeting, which lasted about seven hours.
The meeting, presided over by Chief Election Commissioner (CEC) Justice (retd) Fakhruddin G. Ebrahim, was attended by senior representatives of almost all the parties, the chairman of the National Database and Registration Authority (Nadra) and officials of the commission.
Some participants said remittances sent by overseas Pakistanis played an important role in the country's economy.
It was pointed out that allocation of reserved seats for overseas Pakistanis would require an amendment to the Constitution.
It was suggested that if such an amendment was brought, there should be a bar on overseas Pakistanis becoming president, prime minister, foreign minister, finance minister or governor of a province.
One participant said 60 countries allowed dual nationals to become members of their parliaments and it should be permitted in Pakistan, but the proposal was opposed by some others.
The parties reposed confidence in the CEC and the Election Commission, but expressed some apprehensions as well.
The law and order situation and interference of intelligence agencies in the electoral process were the key areas of concern for almost all of them.
It was pointed out that the law and order situation was precarious in Balochistan, Karachi and Fata.
The commission was urged to ensure that the elections were not only free, fair and transparent, but peaceful as well. The participants said there was a threat of the political process being sabotaged or subverted if extraordinary security measures were not taken.
The Jamhoori Watan Party threatened to boycott the elections in protest against the poor law and order situation in Balochistan, but the chief election commissioner promised that the concerns would be addressed.
A majority of the participants termed unrealistic a proposed bill providing for re-polling at polling stations where less than 10 per cent of the registered women's votes were polled.
Chaudhry Shujaat Hussain, the PML-Q chief, said it would be an overstretched exercise. The PPP-S and the parties from Balochistan also opposed the proposed legislation. The main argument of the parties from Balochistan was that a candidate must not be punished if women did not turn up to vote because of socio-cultural barriers.
'Don't let me fail'
Justice (retd) Ebrahim said in his concluding remarks that holding free and fair elections was the last mission of his life. "Please don't let me fail in this mission," a participant quoted him as saying.
The CEC regretted that political parties were not playing their due role in voters' registration. He said it was an ideal time for voters to get any mistakes in the rolls rectified.
He said the commission would launch a campaign for voters' education at the grassroots, but added its success would not be possible without an active role of political parties, members of the civil society and the media.
Justice Ebrahim invited written suggestions from political parties for making the electoral process more transparent.
He said the commission was working on an electronic voting machine project and expressed the hope that it would be introduced in the coming general elections.
Talking to reporters later, Justice Ebrahim said troops would be deployed at polling stations where necessary.
He said he was ready to consult anybody to ensure transparent and fair elections, including the chief of Inter-Services Intelligence, Pakistan's premier intelligence agency.
» Other News
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● JAKARTA : Indonesia loses up to US$9 billion from timber clearing: Anti-graft body
● KUALA LUMPUR: Malaysia's AGC: No offence by 1MDB in Bank Negara probe
● NEW DELHI: India acknowledges secret Kashmir draft, Balochistan link
● MANILA: UN slams detention of former Philippine president
● DHAKA: Japan updates travel advisory, Canada postpones programme in Dhaka
● DADRI, India: INDIA LYNCHING: Meat in Muslim man's fridge mutton not beef, forensic test reveals
● BEIJING: Forbidden City widens it reach for the public
● HONG KONG: Sadness as panda suffers miscarriage
● DHAKA: Bangladesh politicians call for national unity in the wake of murders
● TAIPEI: KMT to hold extraordinary congress to settle candidate-switch tensions
● TAIPEI: Taiwan flag not flying during National Day celebration in de facto US embassy
● SINGAPORE: Singapore assistance ready to leave for Indonesia to fight fires
● SINGAPORE: It's a bird... it's a plane... it's the postman
● BANGKOK: BANGKOK BLAST: Shrine bomber promised trip to Turkey
» Most Viewed
● DADRI, India: INDIA LYNCHING: Meat in Muslim man's fridge mutton not beef, forensic test reveals
● SINGAPORE: Singapore assistance ready to leave for Indonesia to fight fires
● DHAKA: Japan updates travel advisory, Canada postpones programme in Dhaka
● JAKARTA: Govt regrets KL decision to halt Indonesia palm oil imports
● PETALING JAYA: 1MDB cleared of M'sia central bank probe
● MANILA: UN slams detention of former Philippine president
● JAKARTA/KUALA LUMPUR: Forest fires: Jakarta panel wants names
● DHAKA: Post offices in Bangladesh going for e-commerce services
● JAKARTA/PEKANBARU: Haze efforts in full swing
● DHAKA: Bangladesh shrimp industry's woes see no end
● BANGKOK: BANGKOK BLAST: Shrine bomber promised trip to Turkey
● TAIPEI: KMT to hold extraordinary congress to settle candidate-switch tensions
● SINGAPORE: It's a bird... it's a plane... it's the postman
● BEIJING: China's new fighter jet poised to reach the export market
● HONG KONG: Sadness as panda suffers miscarriage


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The Blog
WH's Response to Hillary Foreign Policy Criticism: 'She Was Fully On Board'
8:04 AM, Aug 11, 2014 • By DANIEL HALPER
White House deputy national security adviser Ben Rhodes publicly responded to criticism from Hillary Clinton of Barack Obama's foreign policy back in June, just as Hillary's book tour was starting up. "On the broad thrust of our foreign policy, she was fully on board," Rhodes tells Politico.
It's worth remembering Rhodes's comments now that Hillary Clinton's recent interview has been published where she seems to be bashing elements of Obama's foreign policy.
As the Atlantic reported:
Rhodes told Politico that Clinton and Obama are close, and that they try not to surprise each other.
"It would have been strange if she wrote a book in which she agreed with every single thing we did," Politico reported Rhodes as saying. "On the broad thrust of our foreign policy, she was fully on board. There are also going to be places where she is going to have differences."
Daniel Halper is author of Clinton, Inc.: The Audacious Rebuilding of a Political Machine.
UPDATE: The author originally wrongly believed Rhodes's comments were a direct response to Clinton's most recent interview. In fact, Rhodes's comments were made in June.
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The Weekly Standard Archives
Browse 20 Years of the Weekly Standard

subset: commoncrawl


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June 24, 2008
Jason Howell
Houston (Texas) Northbrook is starting to see more and more recruiters stop by thanks in large part to prospects like Derrick Rainey and Andrew Spencer.Rainey, a 6-2, 215-pound athlete, established himself as a threat on offense and defense in 2007, and has already been offered by Arizona, Iowa St., and TCU with several showing interest. ...More... To continue reading this article you must be a member. Sign Up Now!
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Where To Help With Hurricane Sandy Relief
As we all see the damage and loss that hurricane Sandy has left in her path. Many of us are wondering just where to drop off items for donation or how to help raise money here locally to get those people the help they need. I've compiled a list of donation locations and benefits you can get involved with to help:


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Axe Holiday Gift Set-$9.84
over 2 years ago
Axe Coupons | Gift Sets just $6.84!
There are new Axe Coupons that will get you Axe Holiday Gift Sets for only $6.84 at Walmart! This week they had the Gift Sets on sale for $9.84 and with the $3 off Axe Coupons you will get each for only $6.84!
The set comes with 2.7 oz. Deodorant Stick, 12 oz. Shower Gel, 4 oz. Deodorant Body Spray, and 1.7 oz. Shampoo! The value of this set is about $14, so you will save Half with the coupon :)
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Electronic Funds Transfer Company exists to provide transmission services including credit/debit card, electronic benefits and other point-of-sale transactions. Companies affiliated with federally regulated financial institutions are exempt from the licensing requirement. See MS 47.65 - .74.
Click here for licensing applications and requirements. Questions about the license requirements should be directed to 651-539-1714.
Copyright © 2014 Minnesota Department of Commerce. All Rights Reserved.
Minnesota Department of Commerce + 85 Seventh Place East + Saint Paul, MN 55101


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CPR/AED/First Aid
August 7, 2014 @ 8:00 am - 3:00 pm
|Recurring Event (See all)
Every month on the first Thursday until August 31, 2014
Training Objective: American Red Cross certification course designed to teach and verify the base required skills for First Aid/CPR/AED emergency response actions.
Registration Link: http://www.pvamu.edu/ehs/forms/training-registration/
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Planned Eglinton LRT platforms 'dangerous and inaccessible'
Lawyer David Lepofsky, who is blind, wants Metrolinx to reconsider the centre platform designs for the Eglinton LRT.
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Posted: July 2, 2014
The Chilean devil ray has always been considered a shallow-water swimmer, but new research shows that the species frequently dives to depths of more than 6,000 feet (1,800 meters), likely in search of food.
Prior to this research, marine biologists thought Chilean devil rays (Mobula tarapacana) did not descend below 3,280 feet (1,000 m). However, new satellite tracking data now shows that these rays are among the deepest-diving marine animals. Researchers think the rays spend most of their time in shallow water to warm themselves, and then dive down to extreme depths in search of small crustaceans and fish to eat.
"The fact that they were traveling so far horizontally was not necessarily surprising, but the diving behavior was very surprising," Simon Thorrold, a senior scientist at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution in Woods Hole, Massachusetts, told Live Science. "What they're doing down there is the big unknown."
Click here to read more.


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16" Meta Black MET/SM/ST
Free Shipping
Receive free Standard shipping on every order placed within the contiguous US. In stock items generally arrive within 5 to 7 business days. Free shipping not available to Alaska and Hawaii.
See details and other available shipping methods
Free Returns
Receive free return shipping on every order. When you return an item, you will be guided to print a pre-paid return shipping label. If you are not satisfied with your purchase for any reason, simply use the pre-paid label to send them back to us free of charge.
Meta work boots are 100% waterproof and provide the protective features needed for tough working conditions. The Trac-Lite slip-resistant outsole gives excellent traction on wet surfaces. Steel toe, steel midsole and full metatarsal guard meet or exceed ASTM standard F2413-11 M I/75 C/75 EH PR MT. The boot offers several convenient features such as the removable EVA insole for cushion comfort, nylon net lining for easy on/off and Ankle-Fit design to keep boots on in muddy conditions. In addition, the rigid, contoured heel counter prevents heel slippage for added comfort when walking.
- Ozone-resistant, abrasion-resistant rubber offers 100% waterproof protection. ZXT rubber is a premium compound of rubber that has a high tensile strength, which means greater tear-resistance and greater durability.
- Developed in 1963, LaCrosse® Ankle-Fitdesign features a narrowed ankle pocket that grips the top of the foot better and locks the heel in place preventing excess rubbing and chafing
- Removable EVA insole for all day comfort
- Trac-Lite outsole delivers outstanding all-around traction in mud, snow and other loose terrain.
- Fiberglass shank
- 16" height
- 6.6 lbs per pair
- Steel toe, steel midsole, and full metatarsal guard meet or exceed F2413-11 M I/75 C/75 EH PR MT. Electrical hazard (EH) footwear is manufactured with non-conductive electrical shock resistant soles and heels.
Reviewed by 2 customers
Sort by
- Comfortable
- Great Traction
- Padding in the steel toe
- Sturdy/Durable
- Warm
- Water Resistant
- Loose in the ankle
- Sharp in heel
Best Uses
- Harsh Terrain
- Mining
- Wet Conditions
Comments about LaCrosse "Met Guard/Steel Toe Work Boots - 16""":
I have been mining for 4 years I have been wearing the meta-pac boots and i like them but these boots are preety good. The sole holds up really good,there warm,there not a floating metatarsal but the padding in the toe you dont even notice. The only complant I have about these boots is where the boots come together in the heel the rubber is sharp and rubs on your heel. The thing these boots need is padding in the heel or another way to put them together in the back of the boot. I really like these boots but I wish they would fix the way they put them together in the heel I hate to say it but I dont think ill buy them again until they fix this issue.
- Sizing:
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Comments about LaCrosse "Met Guard/Steel Toe Work Boots - 16""":
i wear these boots now in my job as a demolition worker on muddy job sites and have worn them when i was a oil rigger. i love these boots. they are super heavy duty and protect my feet really good. i had a 40lb bag of mud fall on em and i didnt feel a thing! love these boots.
its nice that i can finally find rubber boots in my size (i wear size 16). its been hard up until now.


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Climate Change Scenarios
Climate Change Streamflow Scenario Tool
ARCHIVE: This tool was replaced in spring 2009 with an expanded set of streamflow locations (271 sites) and modeled variables (in addition to streamflow). This page is currently not being supported.
- Alan Hamlet, CIG and UW Civil Engineering (contact person)
- Amy Snover, CIG
- Dennis Lettenmaier, CIG and UW Civil Engineering
Climate change streamflow scenarios are provided to support simple and inexpensive evaluation of a water resource system's vulnerability to climate change. The streamflow scenarios can be directly incorporated into existing planning methods (such as critical period analysis) in place of the historic streamflow record.
The scenarios are currently available at 16 locations in the Columbia River basin (Figure 1). For each location, we provide 40 year monthly time-step streamflow scenarios for the 2020s and for the 2040s as well as simulated historical streamflow for water years 1950-1989. These flow records represent what historical observed (naturalized) flows would be if the average climate of the Pacific Northwest (PNW) changed as projected by global climate models.
click image to visit streamflow scenarios page
Figure 1 Streamflow scenarios are currently available for 16 sites in the Columbia River Basin. For a list of these sites and data links, please visit the streamflow scenarios page.
These streamflow scenarios allow planners to compare, water year by water year, the performance of water resources planning alternatives for the historic record and various climate change scenarios. Using these scenarios, planners can explore questions like:
- What would water year X (e.g., 1933, 1954) look like under a global warming scenario (i.e., in the decade of the 2020s or the 2040s)?
- How would climate change affect the reliability and vulnerability of my system?
- How could operations be changed to cope with these changes?
This tool has been described in a recent paper in the Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society (Snover et al. 2003). The number of regional climate change scenarios, streamflow locations, and years for which data are provided will be expanded in ongoing work.
Types of Streamflow
Hydrologists talk about several different types of streamflow: observed, naturalized, modified and regulated flows.
- Naturalized flows represent the flow pattern that would be present in the absence of any human modification (e.g., dams/reservoirs) of the river system.
- Modified flows are naturalized flows minus consumptive losses for irrigation and municipal and industrial use.
- In a managed river system, regulated flows are the flows that are observed.


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medwireNews: Researchers have shown that the modified Asthma Predictive Index (mAPI) has high predictive value for future asthma development, when applied in the first 3 years of life.
The team, led by Daniel Jackson (University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA), analyzed data from the Childhood Origins of Asthma (COAST) cohort on 289 children with family history of allergy and/or asthma who were followed up from birth.
The mAPI threshold requires the child to have had at least four wheezing episodes in a year as well as at least one major criterion (parental asthma, atopic dermatitis, allergic sensitization to at least one aeroallergen) and two minor criteria (wheezing unrelated to colds, circulating eosinophils ≥4%, allergic sensitization to milk, eggs, or peanuts).
Applying the mAPI at years 1, 2, and 3, the team found that its predictive power increased over time, such that it was most accurate in year 3. They calculate that when a child at high risk for asthma, such as those from the COAST cohort, has a positive mAPI at age 3 years, the posttest probability of asthma at 6, 8, and 11 years is 90%, 96%, and 89%, respectively, compared with a pretest probability of 30%.
When the team relaxed the criteria of the mAPI to only two or more wheezing episodes in a year, they found that the predictive power of positive test results decreased; the posttest probabilities were 87%, 85%, and 82% at years 6, 8, and 11, respectively.
However, they note that a negative result had poor predictive power irrespective of which version of the mAPI was used, being associated with a 23–29% posttest probability of asthma diagnosis during follow-up compared with a 30% pretest probability.
The team also reports that the mAPI could improve asthma prediction in an unselected sample with a lower pretest probability, although to a lesser degree than for high-risk children. For a pretest probability of 11% (derived from a previous study), a positive mAPI at year 3 was associated with a posttest probability of asthma of 67%, 62%, and 57% at years 6, 8, and 11, respectively.
Writing in the Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology In Practice, Jackson et al say that the mAPI has several advantages, including ease of clinical application.
"Although asthma prediction during early life remains challenging, the mAPI's high predictive ability of school-age asthma after a positive test can have clinical value for identifying children at risk of asthma persisting into school age and beyond," they comment.
"Ultimately, the findings in this study may help clinicians and scientists better identify at-risk children, allowing for earlier diagnosis and targeted prevention strategies."
medwireNews (www.medwirenews.com) is an independent clinical news service provided by Springer Healthcare Limited. © Springer Healthcare Ltd; 2013
Free abstract


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Pets on Wheels of Scottsdale
All About Pets on Wheels
Volunteer Guidelines
How to Become a Volunteer
Impact on Volunteers
Some Special Experiences
Ancillary Projects
Resident Dogs in Nursing Homes
Starting Your Own Program
A Dogs View
Funding & Contributors
Handbook for Volunteers
Young Volunteers
The Healing Power of Pets
Officers and Board of Directors
Participating Veterinary Clinics
Health Care Centers
Hall of Fame 2004 thru 2011
Hall of Fame 2012 and beyond
New Volunteer-Pet Teams
Veteran Volunteer-Pet Teams
Dog Obedience Classes
Calendar of Events
Pet Therapy Links
How to Join
Pet Rescue Links
Area Care Center Search
Awards and News Stories
What is Pets on Wheels of Scottsdale?
Pets on Wheels of Scottsdale, Inc. (POW) is a pet-visitation therapy program serving some 22 health care centers in Scottsdale, Arizona. From 80 to 100 volunteers visit the elderly and/or infirm for an hour each week, with their pets (mostly dogs and a few laid-back cats). The program is all volunteer, except for Carol Semon, the part-time Volunteer Coordinator. Its office is at the Granite Reef Senior Center in Scottsdale. Pets on Wheels of Scottsdale is not associated with any other pet therapy program. Peggy Eischen is the current President and CEO.
Pets on Wheels of Scottsdale was founded in 1990 by Neal C. Jennings, a retired civil engineer with the help of his wife, Anne. They are shown here with a collage of their past therapy dogs, Jacques & Jill and Ronnie & Clyde. The water color painting, created by Scottsdale artist, and member of the POW Board, Diane Bykowski. was presented as a gift from the POW volunteers at a retirement reception October 25, 2012.
With the blessing and cooperation of the City, Neal started the pet visitation therapy program with two dogs and one nursing home. The premise was to provide a superior service to a limited area, rather than spread less frequent pet visits throughout the Valley.
Neal retired from the presidency in April 2012, after 22 years and over 20,000 volunteer hours, managing over 1,800 volunteer-pet teams visiting during that time. At the reception, a proclamation signed by Scottsdales Mayor, Jim Lane, was presented declaring October 25th as Neal Jennings day in Scottsdale. Both Neal and Anne have taken lesser roles in the organization. Ron Lonie took the reins from Neal as president for 2 years, followed by long-time volunteer and board member, Peggy Eischen.
What are the Benefits of Pet Visits?
It is well documented that the presence of pets is beneficial in improving the quality of life for socially-isolated residents of healthcare centers. Studies show that pet visits provide warmth and affection for everyone involved, laughter, recollection of pleasant memories, mental stimulation for Alzheimer's patients, reduction in blood pressure, distraction from depression, lessening of tension and stress, reduction in incidence of heart attacks, increase in incidence of survival and speed of recovery from heart attacks, comfort during periods of grief, motivation for therapy following injury or surgery, and a bright spot in the day -- just being there.
Dogs provide an uncomplicated, affection-on-demand relationship. They help break down the barriers among residents, staff, volunteers, and other visitors -- by being non-judgmental, non-threatening, and emotionally safe, a dog's unconditional affection can help bring care center residents out of their isolation and patients toward recovery.
For cat lovers, being able to stroke a cat, resting on a lap for only 5 minutes, can provide many of the above benefits. (Jennifer Clark is shown with Dr. J. Click on the photo to enlarge)
The Health Care Centers We Serve --
Volunteer-pet teams visit 16 nursing homes, 3 rehabilitation hospitals, 2 cancer centers, an adult day-care center, a school for low-achieving children, 3 Life Skill classes for developmentally challenged children, and a few homebound a total of 1,800 to 2,200 individuals. As of March 2009, over 500,000 times a Pets on Wheels volunteer has walked up to a resident or patient and asked, "Hi! Would you like to see my dog (or cat)? Above, Sandy McCollum and Dax are shown visiting at Westminster Village. (See menu item Health Care Centers)
Childrens Pet Education Project --
As an ancillary project, selected volunteers present 50-minute pet education programs to 650 to 1,000 second-grade children each year. Each of the classes (about 25 children) views a video, "Dogs, Cats, and Kids," to learn how to respect animals and avoid injury from them. The outstanding video and hands on with a real live dog, and a coloring book give the children information they may not get elsewhere. Handouts help the families.
Other Ancillary Projects --
Selected volunteers make monthly visits to seven sites, in addition to the nursing homes and elementary schools: The Virginia G. Piper Cancer Center; the Scottsdale Radiation Oncology; Life Skills classes at Coronado High School, Sunrise Middle School, and Cortney's Place; the Adult Day Healthcare Center; and the New Learning Academy. Also, seasonal visits are made to homeless family gatherings through Family Promise of Greater Phoenix, and to the Different Limbs group. Click on the Ancillary Projects buttons on the menu for a discussion of each.
Board of Directors --
A Board of Directors, comprised of active visiting volunteers, meets periodically to approve major actions.
Volunteer Meetings --
Meetings with volunteers (only a few pets by invitation) are held every 3 months. Speakers or films are featured on dealing with the elderly, pet care and health, and pet training. Golf and T-shirts are available as well as 50-50 drawings and door prizes. The October meeting each year, is to recognize the volunteer-pet teams who have done exceptionally well. An awards program is featured, followed by a popular pet costume and trick show. (See the menu item "Calendar of Events" for meeting information.
About 97 percent of the volunteers have e-mail, which facilitates special announcements, inquiries, and dissemination of pertinent information.
Newsletter --
The Pets on Wheels of Scottsdale UPDATE newsletter is issued a few weeks prior to each quarterly meeting. It lists new volunteer-pet teams, announces past and future activities, and contains useful pet health and training information, and general volunteer news. Volunteers and applicants receive PDF copies through the Internet -- all others receive hard copies.
Funding --
Pets on Wheels is funded through corporate and foundation grants and individual contributions. Additional help is needed. See the "Funding and Contributors" button on the left-hand menu for additional information and a list of principal contributors.
Also, if you would like to make a donation right now, just click on the PayPal DONATE button at the top left of this or any page. A receipt for tax purposes will be sent to you -- and, thank you!
Volunteer-Pet Teams --
Click on the menu items near the bottom (on the left side of this page), New Volunteer-Pet Teams, or Veteran Volunteer-Pet Teams to see photos of the volunteer-pet teams which commensed visiting during the past few years as well as those which started earlier.
How to Join --
If you and your pet would like to become volunteers, click on the menu button "How to Become a Volunteer."
Calendar of Events --
Activities scheduled for the next several months -- near the bottom on left-hand menu. Changes will be made frequently, so check before leaving home.
E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com
Address: Pets on Wheels of Scottsdale, Inc.
1700 N. Granite Reef Rd.
Scottsdale, AZ 85257
Office Phone: Mon through Thur, 9:00am-1pm: 480-312-1741 (messages welcome)
Notes: For printing pages without the menu, click on the small printer icon at the bottom of the menu above. To recover the menu, click on the previous page icon at top left, or leave site and return.
To enlarge small photos, click on them. They will restore automatically when you click on them again, or change pages. Only one at a time may be enlarged on a page.
Any photo shown may be saved or printed by right clicking on it. In most cases, you can then click on "print" or "save as" to your pictures folder for later use.
President: Peggy Eischen Telephone: 480-994-5780
Founder & Webmaster: Neal C. Jennings -- email@example.com Telephone: 480-488-2002
Office - Carol Semon, Vol. Coord. 480-312-1741 Mon-Thur 9:00am-1pm Fax: 480-312-1701
Copyright 2000-2014
Last Updated: August 26,2014


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For 31 years respected Seattle DUI attorney Jon Scott Fox has represented those charged with drunk driving throughout Washington state:
*Seattle DUI Lawyer
*Bellevue DUI Lawyer
*Kirkland DUI Lawyer
*Redmond DUI Lawyer
*Tacoma DUI Lawyer
*Renton DUI Lawyer
*Everett DUI Lawyer
*Spokane DUI Lawyer
"You have made a tremendous impact on my future through your good care and direction... I will forever be thankful to you."
Jon Scott Fox can be reached by phone
at (425) 395-4384!
If you're convicted of DUI in Washington state, the stiff DUI penalties can dramatically impact your life.
April 2013
Although you won't find "loss of job" listed in the DUI penalty statute, a DUI arrest can have a devastating impact upon your continued employment.
January 2013
If you have been arrested for DUI, you may be facing license suspension and a deadline to apply for a hearing to fight the suspension.
September 2010
On September 20, 2010, a three-judge panel opened the door for the prosecution to use breath test results in court.
A Washington state DUI conviction carries with it an especially long period of probation—five years.
The Washington State Patrol and many other police departments are on patrol looking for citizens who might be driving while under the influence of drugs.
In 2011, a new DUI breath test machine, the Draeger 9510, will be deployed for use in Washington State DUI arrests.
June 2010
If the Washington State Department of Licensing believes that cell phone use and texting is as dangerous as drunk driving, then why is the penalty just a fine of $124?
It happens sometimes that an individual on probation for a DUI faces a probation revocation based upon a new criminal charge.
In the night hours, an officer will stop a vehicle on the premise of a traffic infraction when the real purpose is to check for alcohol consumption and make a DUI arrest.
April 2010
Jon Scott Fox explains the complexities of being placed on DUI probation in Washington state.
March 2010
Jon Scott Fox summarizes the major changes to the statutes regarding ignition interlock devices that are expected to become effective January 1, 2011.
October 2009
There are a number of ways in which a DUI charge may be reduced.
It is established that an individual has a constitutional right to represent himself regarding a DUI charge, but is this a wise idea?
If a driver refuses a breath test, an officer can immediately apply for a telephonic DUI search warrant for the driver's blood and have the blood drawn — forcibly, if necessary.
September 2009
Under a new program, a WSP trooper can go to the home of a driver to determine whether the driver has a ignition interlock device installed.
June 2009
Frequently, except for the DOL hearing request form, no paperwork is given to the accused after a DUI arrest and he is left wondering when he will have to appear in court.
May 2009
Over the years, like water dripping against a rock, a driver's right to due process in connection with his or her privilege to drive has been eroded.
Monday, June 16, 2014
Recipient of Avvo Clients Choice Award for superb results and professionalism.
Friday, June 13, 2014
Seattle attorney consistently recognized for his work in DUI Criminal Defense.
Tuesday, April 16, 2013
Recipient of Avvo Clients Choice Award for 2013.
Monday, June 27, 2011
Washington State DUI lawyer named to Washington State Super Lawyers once again.
Monday, December 3, 2010
DUI attorney Jon Scott Fox spoke to an audience of over three hundred attorneys who attended the 2010 seminar "Defending DUIs."
Tuesday, September 7, 2010
Jon Scott Fox presented a comparison of the features of the current breath testing machine, the DataMaster, and the soon to be deployed machine — the Draeger 9510.
Wednesday, June 30, 2010
Jon Scott Fox has been named by Seattle Metropolitan Magazine as being one of the top criminal defense attorneys in King County.
Wednesday, June 23, 2010
Jon Scott Fox has been honored as a 2010 Super Lawyer by Washington Law and Politics magazine.
Monday, September 14, 2009
Jon Scott Fox recently spoke to judges at the 2009 Judicial DUI Forum in Lynnwood, Washington, on the subject of field sobriety testing.
Monday, June 8, 2009
Jon Scott Fox spoke at a WACDL seminar about a new approach to jury selection which emphasizes cutting through the answers that jurors know they are "supposed to give" during jury selection.
Wednesday, April 15, 2009
Jon Scott Fox, co-author of the definitive reference manual for DUI defense in Washington state, provides an overview of recent updates.
Thursday, April 9, 2009
Jon Scott Fox has been recognized as among the "Top 25" criminal defense attorneys in Washington state.


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Why Men are the Way They are: The Male Female Dynamic
McGraw-Hill Companies, 1986 - Psychology - 403 pages
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Review: Why Men Are the Way They AreUser Review - Christian Scampoli - Goodreads
Great ideas; the book was definitely ahead of its time. However, at this point it's so outdated that it is hard to relate to for someone of my generation (millennial). It gives me more insight into my parents generation than my own. I wish it could be rewritten for a modern audience! Read full review
Review: Why Men Are the Way They AreUser Review - Michael Hsu - Goodreads
I grew up thinking men don't talk about emotions and other "unmanly" topics so it was a pleasant surprise that I was most intrigued by this book. This book opened my eyes about men issues I have thought about but was too afraid to talk about it. Read full review
Men Have the PowerWhy Would They
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Can anyone recommend an online pharmacy? Been searching the net and have read about many scams. This is the best network I know, so I am asking here. Any leads appreciated. Mike
http://www.walgreens.com/Many other "brick and mortar" pharmacies have online versions also
E.D. Pills? Something to make the pain go away? Something to make everything go away? You feeling down or do you want to? Have an itch you can't quite scratch? Anything need enlarging?I'm really sorry I couldn't help myself!
Edited by hyperslug on 03/12/2011 13:00:15 MST.
Jerry, thanks. I should have said I am looking for an online shop outside the U.S. that offers international shipping. M
Not answering your question, but might there be problems with the law (e.g. for prescription drugs or (heaven forbid) illegal substance)?
Edited by greenwalk on 03/13/2011 10:38:32 MDT.
Move to Scotland, Mike. As from April, all our drugs are free. :)
I simply wouldn't trust any online pharmacy that wasn't backed by a well known brick and mortar. Way too many scams out there.Have you tried altering your diet to control cholesterol? I know it doesn't work for everyone, but it did work me, and quite well. Went from over 300 to around 150 in less than a year with diet and exercise. Cheaper than meds.Again, I realize it doesn't work for everyone!
Mike,Many US drugs are sold in Europe, but under different names. High cost in US reflect FDA approval process (up to $1 billion pre-tax cost per drug).
I've got drugs from canadameds.com They shipped hereIt was cheaperthen walgreens started a program here that was even cheaper
On 60 minutes tonight (regarding trust of buying online drugs from nonreputable sources)Bob Simon interviews the Iraqi defector code-named "Curve Ball," who provided the evidence for invading Iraq; An investigation reveals the world of counterfeit drugs; Katie Couric reports on an experimental charter school that denies tenure.
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An anthology of 17 of Tallis's shorter anthems, some familiar, some little known, but all freshly edited and revised. Includes practical performing editions (transposed where necessary, and with keyboard reductions) of 11 motets with Latin texts, 2 sacred partsongs, and 4 anthems with English texts, all with full critical apparatus.
Thomas Tallis (1505-1585)Edited by John Milsom
"There is such wonderful and approachable music here that no serious choir library ought to be without the volume. Remember that even if you have eleven or twelve items already, it will still be good value . . . A winner." - Organists' Review
Audivi vocem de caelo
Derelinquit impius
Hear the voice and prayer
If ye love me
In ieiuino et fletu
In manus tuas
Laudate Dominum
Mihi autem nimis
O Lord, give thy Holy Spirit
O Lord, in thee is all my trust
O Nata lux
O sacrum convivium
O salutaris hostia
Purge me, O Lord
Salvator Mundi
Te lucis ante terminum
Verily, I say unto you


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Women in Philanthropy helps women to be their best
Women in Philanthropy started as a bunch of busy ladies trying to find more time to spend together.
Dr. Patricia Gage imvited several close friends together for breakfast and they realized how much they enjoyed being together, but how diffiicult it was to make that happen.
What began in 2009 as a group of 10 women has grown to include 67 members with a track record of successful fundraisers that have women and childrens' needs as their focus.
Dr. Gage likes to say that Women in Philanthropy (WIP) is a "no-guilt" organization: busy members attend monthly meetings when they can and there are no fundraisers.
Annual membership is $1,000 per person a year, although individual members have been known to reach into their purses to finance special concerns or projects,
Linda Evans, current WIP board chair, says the group exists to motivate women to take better care of themselves. Operating under the umbrella of the Martin Health Foundtion, WIP funds programs that are viable and sustainable, are run through the hospital system and can become a part of the services that Martin Health System offers.
Each department in the hospital has the opportunity to submit a request for a grant from WIP, so long as the program for which the funding is being requested helps women or children in some way. A formal presentation is made to all Women in Philanthropy members, with budget requests and information that is needed for the members to vote.
Such things as childhood obesity, cooking and nutrition classes for breast cancer patients, osteoporosis prevention and a post-partum support network have been funded.
More than $137,000 in projects have been funded over the past three years.
WIP also prevents women's health summits that are open to the public at no charge, which discuss topics like brain health across the lifespan.
Members have also visited local schools to discuss bike safety.
Women in Philanthropy members meet monthly at member's homes, with the evening's hostess making dinner. There is also a speaker at every meeting - someone local who shares information in his or her field.
Both Patricia Gage and Linda Evans agree that it's wonderful to be part of a group of women who have become friends, and to be part of a group that's bigger than yourself.
Since all programs that are funded are directly connected to Martin Health System, Women in Philanthropy does not accept funding requests from other sources. They are always on the lookout for potential new members, however, and welcome your interest. Call Dr. Patricia Gage at (772) 233-1070 for information.
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48 Hour Acai Berry Detox
For many of us, our daily diet is simply not helping us get healthier. Every once in a while, it's a good idea to "clean out" the pipes, if you know what I mean and then continue with a healthier diet. The 48 Hour Acai Berry Detox, from Garden Greens nutrition is advertised as a quick solution for those looking to flush out some of the "unnecessaries" in the digestive system. How does it compare to the market and does it work?
The Detox Down-low
There are a number of generic "detox" recipes available online, including lemon or lime juice, maple syrup, and cayenne pepper. These tend to be taken with clay products and salt-water flushes to help clean out the intestines. All of these ingredients combined is a solution that's really not too expensive or difficult to come-by. So looking at what this product offers, I was not particularly impressed:
Though it doesn't list the exact concentrations, the active ingredients in each dose are 14 grams of
- Lemon Juice
- Grape Juice
- Cranberry juice
- Maple Syrup
- Acai berry extract
- Cayenne Pepper
In each bottle, you get about 8 doses meant to be taken over 48 hours while not eating anything else. The only real exotic or expensive ingredient here is acai berry, which aside from being a good source of antioxidants isn't necessarily a crucial addition to the classic cleanse formula.
48 Hour Detox Value
Though I will hand it to them for conveniently organizing these ingredients into a concentrate, I am sure you can get the necessary ingredients for a good cleanse for cheaper than the $15 pluse $5 shipping that you'll have to fork over for this product. In general, this is not a bad product and acai berry is actually a great antioxidant source, but there is also no way of knowing how much is in here anyway.
Essentially, what I am saying is that this product is nice and not too bad of a deal, but also doesn't particularly impress me as far as colon cleansers go. I don't recommend it is a top-choice in this category.
For the most potent options in weight-loss and metabolic health, check the products below. If you are looking only for colon cleaners, there are more reviews available to browse.


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Grumpy Cat Baby Clothes - No
Available Options
Please select options above to purchase this product.
Description of Grumpy Cat Baby Clothes - No
Its never too early to be cynical! Get the youngsters started with the Grumpy Cat No baby jumper!
All a parent wants is a happy baby, but once they start talking you know what their favourite word will be? Thats right, NO! Grumpy Cat is basically the spirit animal to babies and toddlers everywhere! With its permanent scowl and general lack of interest, the internet famous feline on the Grumpy Cat NO Baby Jumper will be the perfect contrast to a bubbly baby smile!
This kitty may have been named Grumpy Cat by the internet community, but her real name is Tardar Sauce. Well, no wonder the cat wont smile! Give your child the gift of apathy with the Grumpy Cat NO Baby jumper!


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Add your own review
Rating: 5 / 5
Disclaimer:this is merely first impresions, as I have yet to test this quilt in the field yet.I find the quality of this quilt to be great. It is very well designed. I own the long size and it is very roomy for my 6' body. Mine weighs 17.6oz without any compression sack. The poncho feature seems to be excellent. The straps work well in this set-up too. The pictures on the website don't show a footbox, but there is a very nice one hidden in there. I really like it and am ready to try it out. I think that this could be the lightest summer setup because you don't need to bring a jacket. I will update this after I try it out.
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Khadi important for rural India's development: President
President Pranab Mukherjee Monday said khadi remains an important vehicle for the development of rural India.
Khadi has the unique capability to create employment at the dwelling place of artisans with very low capital requirement, Mukherjee said launching the Khadi Mark here.
He said khadi has over the years kindled hope for over a million artisan families to rise above deprivation and backwardness, and remains an important vehicle for the development of rural India.
The president said Khadi Mark was a novel initiative which would indicate the quality and genuineness of a khadi product. It would provide a distinct identity for positioning and brand building in the domestic and international textile markets.
(Posted on 30-09-2013)


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Music Schedule
Private Events & Rental
School House
Lucas Club
Coming Soon!
About Us
Join Our Weekly Mailing List
Private Events
Room Descriptions
Catering Information
Off-site Event Production
Sample Floorplans
Party Packages
The Banquet Hall can accommodate up to 200 people for cocktail events and 116 people for a sit-down dinner. Its atmosphere is warm and elegant with stained hardwood floors, plush furnishings and intimate lighting. The room also features a complete bar, a small performance mezzanine above the room (perfect for a small string quartet) and state-of-the-art audio/visual capabilities for any multi-media presentations. Our 10x12 ft. big screen is a huge hit and perfect for, presentations, watching all the action upstairs, sporting and entertainment events via satellite television or even movies. The Lounge is an extremely flexible space, popular for events; from corporate meetings & office gathering to weddings & rehearsal dinners. It also serves as the perfect compliment to our Music Hall located on the upper level of the School House.
Click here for a schematic overview
The Music Hall can accommodate up to 240 people, depending on the type event. It is perfect for cocktail/dance parties, a private show or concert or a sit-down dinner (100 people). With its beautifully stained glass windows, hardwood floors, large raised stage and a full bar, as well as a state-of-the-art lighting and sound system operated, this former gymnasium is a fun and versatile space in which to plan your event. It is a room designed for performing arts in which you can host everything from private or corporate concerts to fundraisers, receptions, speaker engagements and unique dinner parties - with or without live music or DJ. The only limitation is your imagination.
Lined with a wall of greenery trees the private Courtyard behind the School House is our tranquil little haven in the big city. This is the perfect spot for outdoor wedding ceremonies, cocktail parties, small acoustic shows or just a place to relax with friends and enjoy a drink. With easy, direct access to both the Lounge and the Music Hall this wonderful little get-away offers a place to enjoy the outside while still feeling the great vibe that is Soulard. For private events it is also possible to set up a tent to cover the entire area, as well as heaters for colder weather.
This hidden little gem is the perfect setting for any small group. Whether it is client entertaining in a private setting
before a show in the Music Hall, an executive board meeting, cocktail parties or an intimate family dinner this space comes
complete with everything you need. Built-in state-of-the art Audio/Visual equipment, a beautiful long-table that seats up to 20 people,
leather boardroom chairs, complete privacy, along with dining space, private bar and all other comforts and amenities a discerning
individual would expect from this type of venue. The Lucas Club Room seats up to 20 people for dinner and can comfortably hold up to
60 people for a cocktail party.


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Click on the links below for updated listings of the autographed copies in stock at Greenlight now.
When ordering online, please note that you MUST indicate that you want a signed copy (and/or any other special handling) in the "Order Comments" field at checkout. First edition / first printings are sometimes, but not always, available. If you have any questions, visit our Buying Online Basics page, or contact a Greenlight bookseller.
Signed Copies: Children's Books


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NJASL Announces CISSL Statewide Study of NJ School Libraries
December 3, 2010
Study reveals contributions to intellectual development of students, inequities in available resources
- Given the economic challenges facing the Nation and the state, today's poor economic climate creates both challenges and opportunities for schools. The Center for International Scholarship in School Libraries (CISSL) has published findings from Phase 1 of its study One Common Goal: Student Learning, which shows New Jersey school library programs staffed by certified school librarian media specialists are cost-effective in helping students achieve higher standards and critical for the intellectual, social, and cultural development of students.
"School librarians have known for a long time that we contribute to student learning. An already large body of research shows a strong positive correlation between student achievement on standardized tests and well-funded school library programs provided by certified school library media specialists." said Judith Everitt, President of NJASL. "Our challenge is to change the incorrect public perception of a school library as a warehouse of books to a more accurate understanding of the school library program as an active teaching and learning environment."
The study surveyed the status of school library programs in New Jersey schools in the spring of 2009, concluding Phase I in July. The study found that school librarians help students to:
CISSL also examined school library budgets, and the size and age of library collections. The survey revealed that most school libraries in New Jersey have a large percentage of age sensitive materials that have copyright dates older than the recommended three to five years. In analyzing the number of books in school libraries' collections as well as the age of the books, by District Factor Group (DFG), the study revealed that due to disparities in local school library budgets, students in communities of lower socioeconomic status depend on both smaller and older school library collections than their peers in more affluent communities.
CISSL Director, Ross Todd, noted that "school library budget inequities affect the most vulnerable socioeconomic populations, for whom school libraries may be the only access to the world of reading, by providing them with fewer books from which to choose, and a greater percentage of books with outdated information."
Phase II of the CISSL study is presently underway. It will assess in greater depth the ways in which a school library program contributes to student learning and ensures that today's students become responsible, ethical users of information and are prepared to meet the challenges of higher education and the workplace.
To access Phase 1 of the CISSL survey, visit http://cissl.rutgers.edu/docs/NJASL_Phase_1.pdf
New Jersey Association of School Librarians (NJASL) is the professional organization for school librarians in the state of New Jersey. NJASL advocates high standards for librarianship and library media programs in the public, private, and parochial schools in New Jersey to ensure that students and staff become effective users of information. Learn more about New Jersey Association of School Librarians, visit www.njasl.org and join the conversation on Facebook and Twitter.
The Center for International Scholarship in School Libraries (CISSL) is the leading international research organization based at Rutgers the State University of New Jersey. CISSL's mission is to produce and share rigorous research on the dynamics of school libraries and student learning.
|Last Updated ( Sunday, 02 January 2011 )


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Chapter 8 - Conducting of Enquiry Proceedings
1. General Principles Standard of Proof
Departmental proceedings are quasi judicial in nature and rules of evidence as laid down in the Indian Evidence Act and the Criminal Procedure Code are not applicable to the extent specifically indicated in the relevant rules. The proceedings of a criminal trial are different from the proceedings in a departmental action. The spirit of these enactments should, however, be followed in Departmental Enquiries. The Enquiry Officer should afford reasonable opportunity to both the sides to present their respective cases including full opportunity for cross-examining witnesses. The proof required in a Regular Departmental Action is not the same as required in a court trial. The standard of proof required in a disciplinary enquiry is that of preponderance of probabilities and not proof beyond reasonable doubt.
2. Circumstantial Evidence and Inference of Guilt
Since, in a departmental enquiry, the proof required is that of preponderance of probabilities, if there are reasonable grounds that a misconduct was committed, it would be sufficient for initiation of Disciplinary Proceedings against a delinquent official. As long as there is sufficient evidence to draw a reasonable inference of guilt, the inquiry process will not be vitiated. Although circumstantial evidence can be relied upon to return a finding of guilt, the mode of evaluating evidence is important.
If an official/employee is to be found guilty on the basis of circumstantial evidence, these circumstances, must lead to an inference of guilt.If there are any missing links in such evidence, the finding of guilt will have to be justified otherwise.
The conclusions of an Enquiry must be rested on the evidence and not on matters outside the record, as such, mere suspicion should, in no way, be allowed to be treated as proof. Suspicion, however reasonable, is not sufficient to hold an employee guilty.
3. Emphasis On Facts
The Enquiry Officer has to rely heavily on the facts of the case during the conduct of proceedings. Whatever he does should be lawful, but should not be legalistic. The legal principles which the Enquiry Officers are primarily concerned are only the principles of natural justice. The laws and procedures are also relaxed in so far as Departmental Enquiries are concerned.
Since, the EO relies heavily on facts and evidences in a departmental inquiry; he can obtain all information and material relevant to the charges from any source. To overcome objections against, he should provide an opportunity to the Charged Official against whom it will be used to defend himself against such an evidence.
The EO, however, should not call upon the prosecution to adduce oral/documentary evidence in addition to what has been chosen to be placed at the inquiry.
If in the written statement of defence, the CO had admitted any facts, without admitting the charges, it may not be necessary for the PO to lead any evidence to prove such facts.
4. Burden Of Proof
4.1 Admission Of Charge
The charged officer may decide to plead guilty to any of the charges during the inquiry. In that case, the EO may accept the plea and record his findings. He should nonetheless, continue the case to its logical conclusion, if the admission is conditional or only relates to part of the charges.
Before the close of the case on behalf of the Disciplinary Authority the EO, in his discretion, may allow the PO to produce evidence not included in the list given to the CO, or may himself call for new evidence, or recall and re-examine any witness. In such situations, the CO would be entitled to have a copy of such evidence, an adjournment of at least three clear days, and an opportunity for inspecting the relevant document. The EO, however, should not allow such evidence for filling up any gap in the evidence on record but only when there has been an inherent lacuna or defect in the evidence originally produced.
4.2 Denial Of Charge
If the CO denies the charge, it would be for the prosecution to adduce evidence to prove it. The prosecution has the right to produce any evidence, oral or documentary, which has relevance to the charges. The Enquiry Officer must ensure that the CO is granted an opportunity to defend himself.
5. Material Evidence
The witnesses and documents that are essential for proving the charges and whose place cannot be filled by others are material evidences. If such material evidence is not produced then the charge is likely to fail. For example, if a cheque has been fraudulently paid, the cheque in question is a material evidence.
6. Production of Document/Witness
6.1 The application for production of a document/witness by the Charged Official must be considered on its merits by the EO. The CO has to convince the EO, their relevance to his defence. The EO should pass an order recording the reasons why he considers it necessary to allow/disallow the production of the document/witness.
6.2 The EO may disallow witnesses for any of the following reasons:
|Irrelevant to the charge sheet.
|Absconding/not available in India/not possible to communicate or for any such reason.
|Reducing the number of witnesses due to similarity of evidence to be tendered when it is left to the CO to select the persons from the list who should depose.The EO will have to exercise his discretion carefully; he should not be arbitrary in his decision. Unless, however, there are reasonable grounds to indicate prejudice on the part of the EO, his action or merely disallowing some witnesses on grounds of irrelevancy or repetition, cannot be said to violate the principles of natural justice.
It is the responsibility of the prosecution to make efforts and ensuring
full cooperation for production of the documents in their custody and witnesses
who are under their employment, when the EO passes orders for their production.
If the witnesses are outsiders, the EO would make an attempt to get their attendance
by writing to them but primarily the PO/CO are responsible to take steps to
produce their respective witnesses.
7. Privileged Documents
If, in the considered opinion of the authorities concerned, the production of certain documents required by CO will be against the interest of the Bank, the authority having custody or possession of these documents may claim privilege and advise the EO accordingly for non-production of such documents such as :
|Investigation report, preliminary/detailed reports by Police/CBI etc.
|File of correspondence relating to the case.
|Any other document/record the production of which, in the opinion of the DA, is considered to be against the interests of the Bank.
In the
above situation, the EO should not question the plea/opinion of the authorities
concerned having custody or possession and should not summon the documents in
respect of which privilege is claimed.
8. Departmental action and Prosecution
Where the suspect officer is primarily accountable for conduct which legitimately lends itself to both criminal prosecution in a court of law as well as RDA, as a general rule, both should be launched simultaneously after consultation with the CBI or other investigating agencies charged with conducting the prosecution. Such simultaneous conduct of RDA and criminal prosecution should be resorted to especially if the prosecution case is not likely to be adversely affected by the simultaneous conduct of RDA. Keeping RDA in abeyance should be an exception rather than rule. The copies of all the relevant documents authenticated by the charged employees may be retained, for the purpose of RDA, before the original documents are sent to the Court. If the documents have already been sent to a Court of Law for the purpose of criminal proceedings, certified copies may be procured for the purpose of RDA. Care, however, should be taken to draft the charge sheet for the purpose of RDA in such a manner that it makes the suspect official accountable for violation of various provisions of Conduct Rules without reference to criminal misconduct. No Bipartite Agreement should stand in the way of disciplinary action continuing parallel with the criminal investigation/trial.
9. Statement of Witness recorded earlier
It may be legally permissible and in accordance with the principles of natural justice to take on record the statements made by the witnesses during preliminary enquiry/investigation at oral enquiry, if the statement is admitted by the witness concerned on being read out to him. There is no need for PO to lead evidence de novo and the defence can commence cross-examination straightaway. A copy of the said statement should, however, be made available to the CO sufficiently in advance.
As regards the statements recorded by the investigating officer of the CBI which are not signed, these statements will be read out to CO and a certificate will be recorded thereunder that these have been read out to the person concerned and have been accepted by him.
Care should be taken by the Prosecution to ensure that the statements of those witnesses, which are required, are those referred to in the charge sheet. (The Investigation Report as such should not be referred to or produced in the inquiry).
10. Hearsay evidence (statements of persons not called as witnesses but repeated by third persons), though not acceptable, will need to be evaluated in the same manner as the assessment of any other evidence and relied upon only when justified.
11. Written statements by persons are not admissible unless the defence has been given an opportunity to cross-examine the persons on their respective statements. If the PO expects to rely on these statements recorded prior to the inquiry, he must produce these persons at the inquiry to depose the facts in those statements.
12. Statements in a document are also no substantive evidence unless the document itself is introduced and the person who makes the entries in the document is also produced for cross-examination. For instance, if a charge of bribe is to be substantiated on the basis of an entry in a diary made by the borrower, the diary and the borrower have to be produced for examination/cross examination.
13. If the authorship of any document introduced by either party is disputed by the other, then the signature on the document or the handwriting in which it is written has to be proved.
14. Suspicion expressed by witnesses to the effect that in their opinion, a particular person may have committed a particular misconduct/offence is not admissible.
15. The opinion of a witness not supported by facts/evidence is not relevant unless it is of an expert or of a person having specialised knowledge in a particular field.
On technical issues, a technical expert employed by the Bank may be examined
as a witness but he will not be allowed to assist the PO in the examination
of other witnesses.
17. A witness may read out his evidence from notes, but in such cases only the oral statements recorded in the proceedings are valid.
18. The EO should caution the PO/CO/DR against putting to the witnesses any leading question (one which itself is suggestive of the answers, which the person putting it wishes to receive).
19. The EO should not allow the formal conduct or the general reputation of a witness to be the subject matter of examination. But certified copies of any past conviction of the witness which reflect on the credibility of his deposition may be entertained.
20. Examination of the Witness
20.1 Venue
Normally deposition of a witness should be made at the venue of the hearing but in extraordinary circumstances like illness, etc. and where the deposition of a particular witness is extremely relevant/important, the EO may at his discretion permit examination/cross examination of such particular witness at his residence.
20.2 Procedure
20.2.1 In the inquiry the procedure for examination of a witness is flexible and equitable at the same time. It consists of examination-in-chief, cross-examination and re-examination. The first examination by the party which produces the witness is called the examination-in-chief. The examination of that witness by the other party is calledcross-examination. Cross-examination has to be permitted after the examination-in-chief of each witness.
20.2.2 Examination and cross-examination must relate to relevant facts. Cross-examination can also relate to facts (provided they are relevant to the charge-sheet), which the witness may not have testified during the examination-in-chief. Cross-examination in Departmental Enquiries should as far as possible conform to the accepted principles of cross examination under the Evidence act.
20.2.3 After cross examination of witnesses by both the parties, both parties may be allowed re-examination of their respective witnesses but such re-examination should not be on any new matter and must be restricted to the explanation of matters referred to in cross-examination.
20.2.4 If, however, the EO deems it proper, new points can be introduced in re-examination by any party when the other party will have the right to cross-examine the witness on those new points.
20.2.5 Recalling of witnesses by either parties is generally not admissible. But the EO may allow it when there is an inherent lacuna or defect in the evidence originally adduced.
20.2.6 The CO, if he so desires, may offer himself as his own witness to be examined by DR and cross-examined by the PO. He in deposing as a DW or in answering questions put to him by PO will not be allowed to consult DR.
20.2.7 The EO should ensure that during the examination, the questions are relevant and are properly understood by the witness. He has the power to disallow questions asked or disallow examination of witnesses, if in his opinion such questions or witnesses are irrelevant to the inquiry.
20.2.8 He may also put questions to any witness to bring out the truth or to clarify matters only for the purpose of his own understanding of the issues. He should not, however, attempt to fill in gaps in cross-examination either by the PO or the defence. This aspect, therefore, needs circumspection on his part. While making any query, the EO should keep in mind that his duty is to find out the truth and he should always act in an impartial way. The questions thus put by the EO to any witness are subject to cross-examination by both the parties.
20.2.9 The EO should not put a question to the CO or any witness which would be indicative of his personal knowledge of the case. His question should have relevance and confined to what has been deposed by the witnesses both in examination-in-chief and in cross-examination.
21 . Conduct Of Inquiry (Oral Inquiry)
21.1 Preliminary Steps
On receipt of his appointment order and the relevant documents, the EO should carefully study the documents and get a clear understanding of the case. He should note down points if any for seeking clarifications at the Preliminary Hearing (PH) which he should arrange to hold within 15 days of his receipt of the appointment order.
21.2 He should select a venue, which is convenient to all the parties, and where the misconduct was committed/records pertaining to the Enquiry and witnesses are available.
Next, he should send notice to all the concerned parties clearly
stating the date, time and the venue of the inquiry. The EO, in the notice to
the PO should ask him to bring with him copies of the lists of documents and
statements of witnesses and in his notice to the CO, he should ask him to name
the Defence Representative.
21.4 On receipt of the name of DR from the CO, the EO should inform the fact to the DA and also should intimate the fact to the controlling authority of the DR with a request to suitably relieve him for the purpose.
The EO should arrange to maintain the following two records:
22. Daily Order Sheet
The EO should maintain a daily order sheet to record in brief the business transacted on each day of the hearing. Requests and representations by either party should also be dealt with and disposed of in this sheet. Copies of the recorded order sheets will be given to the PO and CO with their signatures thereon, if they are present. If they are not present, these will be sent by post.
23. Record of Proceedings
23.1 It is necessary for the EO to record the detailed proceedings of the inquiry which will be analysed by him to prepare the report wherein to record his findings of the Enquiry. He is free to record the proceedings either verbatim or in a narrative form. In the event of a narrative form being adopted, the EO has to adopt and signify the relevant portions of the proceedings and take care to see that no pertinent point brought out either by the PO or the Defence particularly in favour of the defence, is omitted to be recorded.
23.2 If either party expresses a desire that portions of the deposition should be recorded verbatim and justifies his request to the satisfaction of the EO, such a request may be acceded to. There may also be occasions where depositions recorded in a narrative form cannot bring out certain aspects in their proper perspective, which will be discernible, if such deposition had been recorded verbatim.In such contingencies, the depositions needing verbatim recording may be so recorded.
23.3 The evidence recorded will be read out to every witness and his signature obtained on every page along with those of PO, CO and /or DR and that of EO. As soon as the deposition of each witness is completed, the EO will record a certificate as under:
Read over to witness in the presence of CO and admitted correct/objection of witness recorded.
The witness should be asked to sign on every page of the depositions. If any person refuses to sign, the fact also will be recorded by the EO and signed by all the rest.
23.4 The deposition of each witness should be on a separate sheet, at the head of which the name and other details of the witnesses must be mentioned for complete and clear identification.
23.5 For the sake of convenience, the prosecution witnesses (of the Presenting Officer) may be numbered as MW-1, MW-2 and so on and that of the defence witnesses as DW-1, DW-02 and so on. Similarly, documents admitted as exhibits on behalf of PO can also be numbered as ME-1, ME-2 and so on and those of defence as DE-1 or DE-2 and so on.
23.6 If a witness deposes in a language other than English but the depositions are recorded in English, a translation in the language in which the witness deposed should be read to the witness by the EO. He should also record a certificate that the deposition was translated and explained to the witness in the language in which the witness deposed. Copies of the depositions should be made available at the close of the enquiry each day to the Presenting Officer as well as to the Charged Officer.
23.7 It is also not necessary to hold an inquiry in a vernacular language as long as there is evidence on record to show that the proceedings were explained to the charged official in a language he understood.
24. Preliminary Hearing (PH)
24.1 If either the PO or DR does not attend the PH or despite EO giving reasonable opportunity to him, they do not attend the proceedings, the EO should hold the enquiry ex-parte and proceed as per regulation 6 of the D&A Regulations. Depending upon the parties present, he should:
|Commence the hearing by calling upon the PO to present the evidence in support of charges.
|Record the fact of the parties present/absent in the daily order sheet.
|Pass an order asking the CO to inspect the listed documents and to submit the list of defence documents/witnesses.
|The EO may cross-examine the witnesses himself to test the veracity of their statements in the absence of CO.
|Complete the days proceedings.
|Announce the date/time and venue of the regular hearing (RH) and record those facts in the daily order sheet.
|Send information to the absenting party along with copies of depositions, proceedings, daily order sheets at his last available address and advising him of the PH having been held and particulars of RH as indicated in (iv) above. A copy of the written briefs submitted by the PO may also be sent to him giving him reasonable time to submit his defence briefs.
|Allow the CO to participate in the proceedings at any stage but it shall not be necessary to repeat the proceedings already conducted. However, copies of proceedings should be supplied to the CO, if not already given. Nobody can be allowed to profit by his own mistakes.
Points having bearing on the ex-parte proceedings
|Personal attendance of CO is mandatory in a departmental enquiry. When the DR is present but the CO is absent, the EO should not hold the proceedings. However, before proceeding ex-parte, the EO should ensure that a reasonable opportunity has been given to the CO to present himself in the enquiry.
|It must be ensured that charge sheet and order instituting the enquiry has been delivered to the CO.
|The CO must be provided with reasonable opportunity to be heard. Once reasonable opportunity has been afforded, the CO cannot be allowed to stultify the enquiry by non-cooperation, without sufficient cause.
24.2 If both the parties are present, the EO should proceed as under:
|The EO will read out the charges to the CO and ask him whether he is guilty or has any defence to make.
|If the CO pleads guilty to any of the articles of charge, the EO will record the pleas, sign the record and obtain the signatures of the CO thereon. The EO will then return a finding of guilt in respect of those articles of charge to which the Co pleads guilty.
|If the CO pleads NOT guilty, the EO will proceed to
|ask the CO whether he accepts the authenticity of the various documents in the list submitted by the PO and shown to him.
|Record the admitted fact.
| (1)
If all the parties agree, commence the regular hearing immediately i.e.
without any adjournment.
(2) If any party needs an adjournment for perusal/production of documents/witnesses (which is more likely), the EO should grant minimum reasonable time by way of an adjournment and fix the date for RH to commence within a maximum period of 30 days of the PH.
|The EO will ask the CO to submit a list of documents and witnesses to be examined on his behalf with their addresses and to indicate the relevance/purpose.
|The EO will arrange for the production of the above documents/witnesses if found relevant by him and will fix a date, place and time for the inspection of documents by the CO. The CO will inspect and may take notes in the presence of the PO or any other authorised official of the bank.
to remember
As far as possible, the EO should write the proceedings of Enquiry in his own handwriting. In case the services of steno are available, the same may be got typed and pasted in the proceedings register.
25. Regular Hearing (RH)
Once all the preliminaries are over, the EO should fix the dates and venue of regular hearings. He should, as a rule, hear the case from day to day and not grant any adjournments, save in unavoidable and exceptional circumstances. Admitted documents may be taken on record straightaway and admitted facts, if any, be taken note of in the order sheet.
26. Presentation of Prosecution Case
26.1 In the First instance, the PO would be asked to present his case. He should introduce un-admitted/disputed documents through relevant witnesses. He should in the examination-in-chief, examine his witnesses in such a way that brings out the case in a logical manner.
26.2 The EO should ensure that the witness understands the question properly. He should protect him against any unfair treatment, disallowing questions, which are leading, irrelevant, oppressive or dilatory in nature. As far as possible, all evidence should be recorded in narrative form. Previous statements admitted by the witness should also a taken on record.
26.3 After the examination of a witness is over, the witness may be cross-examined by the CO or his DA to bring out further facts, remove discrepancies, or throw light on the reliability of the witness. After the cross examination, the PO may re-examine the witness on any point on which he had been cross examined but not on any new matter unless specifically allowed by the EO. In the latter case, the CO would have a right to further cross-examine the witness. The EO may also put such questions to a witness, as he thinks fit, at any time during the inquiry, to bring out the truth and for the emergence of a fair and clear understanding of the case. With this end in view, he may allow both sides to cross-examine such a witness on any question put by him.
27. Statement of Defence
After the PO closes the presentation of case on behalf of DA, the EO should ask the CO to state his defence. If it is made orally, it shall be recorded and the CO will be required to sign the record. If he submits his defence in writing, he should sign every page of it. In either case, a copy of the statement of defence will be given to the PO. If the CO does not make his statement of defence, the EO should not wait but proceed further to record the defence case.
28. Presentation of Defence Case
The EO should then ask the
defence to lead his evidence and the procedure followed will be the same as
for the prosecution.
The EO, at the end of the production of evidence on either side, may examine the CO generally to enable the latter to give any further explanation regarding the circumstances appearing against him.
29. Final Hearing
After the completion of the production of evidence on both sides, the EO may hear the PO and the CO to permit them to file their written briefs, if they so desire. The EO should first take written brief from the PO and supply copy to CO and then take brief in reply from the CO. In the written briefs, both the PO and CO should restrict themselves to points brought out at the inquiry. The EO should ignore new facts/extraneous matters in considering the briefs.
30. Change Of EO & De Novo Enquiry
Whenever for any reason the EO is changed and a new EO is appointed to continue the inquiry, he shall take into account the evidence recorded or partly recorded by his predecessor. If he is of the opinion that further examination of any of the witnesses whose evidence has already been recorded is necessary in the interest of justice, he may recall, examine, re-examine and cross-examine such witness.
31. Inquiry Report
After considering the oral and documentary evidence adduced during the enquiry, the EO may draw his own inferences, as a rational and prudent person and record his findings on each charge. He should rely only on such facts as the CO had the opportunity to refute. It is clarified that the PO is not expected to prove malafides in cases where the act itself speaks of dishonest motive.
31.1 While assessing the evidence, the EO should also bear in mind the quasi-judicial nature of the proceedings and the fact that the standard of proof required is that of preponderance of probability and not proof beyond reasonable doubt.
31.2 The EO should confine his conclusion only upto the stage of recording whether the charge is proved, or partly proved or not proved. The conclusion should be derived from the facts and circumstances of the case and not from extenuating aspects. The EO becomes functus officio as soon as he submits the report and cannot make any change thereafter.
The report of the EO should contain:
|A reference to the order of his appointment as EO.
|Articles of charge in brief indicating those which are dropped or admitted or have been inquired into.
|For each charge inquired into,
|The case in support of the charge
|The case of defence
|Assessment of evidence; and
|The findings.
|A brief summary of the findings.
The report should be accompanied by essential documents, viz., the
charge sheet, depositions of witnesses recorded during the inquiry, daily order
sheets, list of exhibits and the correspondence files of the IA.
The EO must complete the inquiry proceedings and submit his report to the DA within a period of six months from the date of his appointment.
32. Report of The Commissioner for Departmental Enquiries
In all the cases where the inquiry is conducted by CDI, the inquiry report together with all the enclosures is submitted by CDI to the DA, with an extra copy meant for the charged officer. A copy of the report of the CDI will also be sent to CVC. The DA will forward his comments on the EOs report through the Chief Vigilance Officer within 30 days from the receipt of EOs report to the Commission for their second stage advice.
33. Observance of the time limits in conducting Investigations and Departmental Enquiries :
Delays in disposal of disciplinary cases are a matter of serious concern to the Government and the Commission. Such delays also affect the morale of the delinquent employee and others in the organization. Therefore, in order to ensure that disciplinary cases are disposed of quickly, the following time limits are to be strictly adhered to :
S. No.
|State of Investigation or Inquiry
|Time Limit
|Decision as to whether the complaint involves a vigilance angle.
|One month of receipt of the complaint.
|Decision on complaint, whether to be filed or to be entrusted to CBI or to be taken up for investigation by departmental agency or to be sent to the concerned agency or to be sent to the concerned administrative authority for necessary action.
|Conducting investigation and submission of report.
|Three months
|Department's comments on the CBI reports in cases requiring Commission's advice.
|One month from the date of receipt of CBI's report by the Disciplinary Authority.
|Referring departmental investigation reports to the Commission for advice.
|One month from the date of receipt of investigation report.
|Reconsideration of the Commission's advice, if required.
|One month from the date of receipt of Commission's advice.
|Issue of charge sheet, if required.
|(i) One month from the date of Commission's advice.(ii) Two months from the date of receipt of investigation report.
|Time for submission of defence statement.
|Ordinarily ten days.
|Consideration of defence statement.
|15 (Fifteen) days.
|Issue of final orders in minor penalty cases.
|Two months from the receipt of defence statement.
|Appointment of EO/PO in major penalty cases.
|Immediately after receipt and consideration of defence statement.
|Conducting departmental inquiry and submission of report.
|Six months from the date of appointment of EO/PO.
|Sending a copy of the EO's report to the CO. for his representation.
|(i) Within 15 days of receipt of EO's report if any of the Articles of charge has been held as proved.(ii) 15 days if all charges held as not proved. Reasons for disagreement with EO's findings to be communicated
|14. Consideration of IO's representation and forwarding IO's report to the Commission for second stage advice.
|One month from the date of receipt of representation.
|Issuance of orders on the Enquiry report.
|(i) One month from the date of Commission's ad-ice.(ii) Two months from the date of receipt of EO's report if Commission's ad-ice was not required.
|Reconsideration of CVC's second stage advice.
|Two months of receipt of its advice
|WHEREAS it has been decided to hold an enquiry under Punjab National Bank Officer Employees (Discipline & Appeal) Regulations, 1977 (Clause 6), to look into the truth of imputations of lapses on the part of Shri (Name, designation & place of posting ) as contained in the chargesheet dated served upon him.
|AND WHEREAS the undersigned considers that an Enquiry Officer should be appointed to look into the truth of imputations of lapses against the above officer employee.
|AND WHEREAS the undersigned also considers that a Presenting Officer should be appointed to present the case on behalf of the Bank before the Enquiry Officer.
|NOW, therefore, the undersigned as the Disciplinary Authority appoints Shri (name, designation & place of posting) as the Enquiry Officer and Shri (name, designation & place of posting) as the Presenting Officer in the above case.
|This order may be communicated to all the constituents of the enquiry and the concerned officers / departments.
CC: Shri (name, designation & address of Charge Sheeted officer). His attention is invited to clause 6.7 of PNB Officer Employees (D&A) Regulations 1977 as modified vide Personnel Div. Circular No.567 dated. 2.3.81. In case he proposes to take the assistance of any officer employee, he may advise the name of such officer employee to the Enquiry Officer within 7 days from receipt of this order. He shall not take the assistance of any other officer employee who has two pending disciplinary cases in hand in which he has to give assistance.
CC: Shri (name, designation & address of Enquiry Officer). He is advised to take the enquiry in hand immediately in terms of Regulations 6 of PNB Officer Employees (D&A) Regulations 1977. After fixing the preliminary hearing, he may conduct the regular enquiry proceedings on day to day basis. The process of enquiry proceedings should be completed and report submitted in quadruplicate within a maximum period of 6 months, in terms of Regulation 6.21 of PNB Officer Employees (D&A) Regulations 1977.
CC: Shri (name, designation & address of Presenting Officer). He is advised to collect and supply the documents required in terms of regulation 6.5 of PNB Officer Employees (D&A) Regulations 1977 to the Enquiry Officer immediately(positively within 15 days) on receipt of this order, under intimation to this office so that the process of enquiry proceedings may be initiated by the Enquiry Officer without any dalay.
CC: Sr. Regional Manager, (Region) For information. He is requested to give assistance to the Presenting Officer in collecting and supplying necessary documents to the Enquiry Officer so that the process of enquiry proceedings may be initiated without any delay.
CC: DGM/AGM, HRD Division, HO New Delhi for information with reference to their file no.
CC: AGM, Vigilance Cell, HO New Delhi for information with reference to their file no.
|WHEREAS vide order of the undersigned dated (Date of original order), it had been decided to hold departmental enquiry under Punjab National Bank Officer Employees (Discipline & Appeal) Regulations, 1977 (Clause 6), to look into the truth of imputations of lapses on the part of Shri (Name, designation & place of posting), as contained in the Charge Sheet dated served upon him.
|AND WHEREAS (Shri/Smt. Name, designation and place of posting) and (Shri/Smt. Name, designation and place of posting) were appointed as Enquiry Officer & Presenting Officer respectively in the above case, vide the above order.
|AND WHEREAS the undersigned, as the Disciplinary Authority, finds it expedient to change the Enquiry Officer/Presenting Officer in the aforesaid enquiry.
|NOW, therefore, the undersigned as the Disciplinary Authority appoints Shri (name, designation & place of posting) as the Enquiry Officer in place of (Shri/Smt. Name, designation and place of posting) and Shri (name, designation & place of posting) as the Presenting Officer in place of (Shri/Smt. Name, designation and place of posting) in the above case.
|This order may be communicated to all the constituents of the enquiry and the concerned officers / departments.
CC: Shri (name, designation & address of Charge Sheeted officer) for information.
CC: Shri (name, designation & address of new Enquiry Officer). He is advised to take the enquiry in hand immediately in terms of Regulations 6 of PNB Officer Employees (D&A) Regulations 1977. After fixing the preliminary hearing, he may conduct the regular enquiry proceedings on day to day basis. The process of enquiry
Shri ____________
Dated :
Departmental enquiry into Charge Sheet dated served upon Shri (designation) Punjab National Bank, BO:
|Your name has been cited as Management / Defence witness in the above mentioned Departmental Enquiry being conducted by the undersigned in terms of the orders of the Disciplinary Authority. Your evidence is considered material.
|As such, you are requested to appear before the undersigned on -----------(date)----------at------------(time)--------------------at------------------(place) for the purpose of recording of your oral evidence.
( )
CC: The Branch Manager /Regional Manager /Zonal Manager,(controlling authority) for information please with request to permit Shri------------------- to attend the enquiry on the above date.
( )
Dated :
|Departmental enquiry into chargesheet dated ---------------- served upon Shri-------------------------(name)---------------------, (designation)-----------------,-----------------------------------(place of posting)
|The undersigned has been appointed as Enquiry Officerby -------------------------------------------------, Disciplinary Authority, to look into the truth of charges as contained in the charge sheet dated ------------------served upon Shri-----------------------, vide orders dated -------------------------------------.
|The undersigned will hold preliminary hearing on -----------------------at------------AM/PM at the office of ----------------------(venue)---------------.
|All the parties viz. Presenting Officer and Charged Officer (alongwith his Defence Asstt., if any, are advised to attend the enquiry on the aforesaid date, time and lace. If any party fails to attend the enquiry, the same shall be conducted ex parte.
( )
Registered Post
Shri ------------(Charged Officer)---------------, for necessary action please.
Registered Post
Shri----------------------(Presenting Officer)----------------, Manager/Sr. Manager (Presenting Officer), --------------------(Address)--------------, for necessary action please
The -------------( Disciplinary Authority)-------------for information please.
The Zonal Manager/Regional Manager for information.
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text: Junior (2014-15)Saw action in 38 total matches going 3-17 in singles and had a 8-10 doubles record ... went 2-10 during the spring season with a 2-1 mark at No. 3 singles ... collected two wins at No. 3 singles against Charlotte's Lisa Grosselius and Furman's Blair Martin at the SoCon Tournament ... In doubles, Anane had a 4-4 record with teammate Masey DeMoss at No. 3 doubles ... earned doubles wins playing with teammates Corinne Blythe, Stephanie Falcon and Amy Ellis ... also played one match with Blaine Boaz at No. 2 doubles.Sophomore (2013-14)Played in 13 matches going 3-10 overall ... was 3-8 during the spring season and was 3-3 in conference play ... played seven matches at No. 2 singles (2-5) and was 1-3 at No. 1 singles ... paired with Stephanie Falcon going 5-7 overall in doubles matches ... had a 4-5 spring record and was 4-1 against conference opponents ... played all nine doubles matches at No. 3 doubles. Freshman (2012-13)Appeared in 30 matches for the Spartans … held an 11-11 singles record and went 2-3 in conference play … played with a total of three of doubles partners … went 4-4 overall in doubles play.High schoolPlayed for the Billesley High Performance centre and Lynda Flynn at Beechwood during prep career ... she was ranked third in the Warwickshire county and 85th nationally in Great Britain. PersonalSoumeya Anane … born September 8, 1993 in Coventry, Great Britain.


text:
Heartworms in Dogs
Canine heartworms affect dogs throughout the world. These worms scientific name is Dirofilaria immitus. They are common in the hearts and major heart blood vesicles in pet and stray dogs in all 50 American States. The male worms are a few inches in length and female worms about double the size of male worms and cause most of the damage The worms are transferred from dog to dog through the bite of an infected mosquito. After a mosquito sucks larval heartworms with blood from an infected dog; it must rest for a period of time before these larva become infective. If that mosquito then bites another dog or the same dog, it transfers these microscopic larva as it bites. Then, during the next few months, these larva migrate through the dogs body arriving at the heart several months later. There they mature into adult worms. Damage to the dog's heart is due to adult worms and depends on the number of worms present, the worm's sexes, and the area of the heart in which the worm lodges as well as the length of time the worms are present. Genetic factors present in the dog also govern the severity of the disease.
Heartworm disease is commonest in warmer areas of the world where mosquitoes are active throughout the year. Statistically, male dogs are slightly more prone to the disease than females. Large-breed dogs also suffer more from the disease as do short hair dogs and dogs kept out-of-doors.
The first sign of heartworm disease is often premature aging. Dogs grey prematurely about the muzzle and forelegs. Their activity levels decrease and their coats lack luster. As the disease progresses, a chronic dry cough often begins. This cough is most noticeable at night when the dog is resting or in a sitting position. It is due to fluid accumulation in the lungs and bronchitis. Later, the dog's tummy (abdomen) assumes a pear-shaped look as the dog's liver enlarges and fluid accumulates in the abdomen. While these events are occurring, the dog's heart and pulmonary arteries enlarge due to mechanical obstruction of the worms, inflammation and valvular damage to the heart.
Heartgard (ivermectin) is an extraordinarily effective prevention for heartworm infection. Not only does a single dose of the medicine (delivering approximately 8mcg/kg body weight) kill larval heart worms recently transferred by mosquitoes but it is known to "reach back" several month and kill larva that have not yet reached the heart.
Until recently, the only medicine available to cure infected dogs of heartworms contained arsenic. Recent research indicates that after a year on Heartgard, adult worms present in the hearts of infected dogs have withered and died even if the arsenic treatment is not administered. For this reason, I often give only a single injection of these arsenic-containing drugs (Imiticide, Caparsolate) and then put the dogs directly on Heartgard. Heartgard has an added ingredient, pyrantel pamoate, which prevents infestation with hookworms and roundworms as well. Heartworms only rarely affect human beings. When they do, they form nodules in the lungs which can be mistaken for tumors. A similar disease to heartworms in dogs is the tropical disease, Onchocerciasis or River Blindness. An older treatment for dog and human disease was diethylcarbamazine citrate. If that drug was given to animals or people who already had the disease, a severe reaction often occurred. No reaction is likely if Heartgard or any other ivermectin-containing product is given to heartworm-positive dogs. I still recommend that dogs be tested once a year for heartworms with a blood test that detects even slight infections.
Article submitted by: © Ron Hines DVM PhD


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