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Reviewed by David Rolph Seely
In 1984 the Foundation for Ancient Research and Mormon Studies (F.A.R.M.S.) began publishing a one-page monthly bulletin entitled "Update," which was sent to a small audience of donors and interested researchers. The bulletin contained a timely and provocative report on some aspect of Book of Mormon studies often billed as a "new discovery." This volume is a collection of eighty-five short articles, including most of these bulletins, and several other similar studies from the F.A.R.M.S newsletters, described by the editor as "brief readable reports of new research on the Book of Mormon, aimed at a general audience" (p. xi). Indeed each article averages two-and-a-half pages and is comprehensible to a general reader. Originally unsigned, these articles now bear the names of the authors and collaborators, with updated notes and bibliography, and many are accompanied by charts, diagrams, and photos. They are arranged as they relate to the Book of Mormon text from 1 Nephi through Moroni. Thus this volume represents and typifies a decade of F.A.R.M.S. research and vividly demonstrates how F.A.R.M.S. has stimulated, consolidated, and communicated the study of the Book of Mormon both to the scholarly and the general audience.
For example, many of these short Updates have been expanded and developed by their authors since their first publication into substantial studies published by F.A.R.M.S. or elsewhere, as noted at the end of each piece. For example, Welch's article "The Sermon at the Temple" (pp. 253-56), originally presented in 1988, has been developed into a significant monograph, The Sermon at the Temple and the Sermon on the Mount.1 The Astons' work in the southern Arabian peninsula (pp. 47-52) continues with archaeological surveys and excavations.2 Issues of textual criticism in the Book of Mormon (pp. 77-79) are being pursued in Royal Skousen's project preparing an exhaustive critical edition of the Book of Mormon text.3 Topics of Book of Mormon geography (pp. 145-49, 183-88) continue to be discussed in the burgeoning literature of Book of Mormon geographies.4 And issues of warfare (pp. 173-82, 189-92, 199-205) have been followed up by a F.A.R.M.S. conference on warfare and the publication of the proceedings.5
Most of the articles in this volume are part of the apologetic tradition6 —written by the faithful believer, addressing questions posed by believer and nonbeliever alike, and read and relished for the most part by the believing insider. Hence the major theme of this collection is the defense or enhancement of the Book of Mormon. This defense is carried out by addressing some of the issues commonly raised by readers of the Book of Mormon. For example, how many of us have asked ourselves: How long did it take to translate the Book of Mormon? (pp. 1-8). What is the evidence that Columbus was directed by the Lord in his "discovery" of America? (pp. 32-36). Did Joseph Smith really say Lehi landed in Chile? (pp. 57-61). What did Charles Anthon actually say to Martin Harris? (pp. 73-76). Why was Joseph Smith identified as the "Author and Proprietor" of the Book of Mormon on the title page of the 1830 edition? (pp. 154-57). What were the gold plates made out of and how much did they weigh? (pp. 275-78). And then there are issues that many of us have never thought of, such as the relationship between the Liahona and lodestone (pp. 44-46), evidence of domesticated barley in America (pp. 130-32), possibilities for Book of Mormon "silk" and "linen" in America (pp. 162-64), prophecy among the Maya (pp. 263-65), and possible linguistic connections between Hebrew and Uto-Aztecan (pp. 279-81). Just when we have become accustomed to Book of Mormon parallelism (pp. 80-82) and chiasmus (pp. 230-35), now we learn there is also merismus, difrasismo (pp. 80-82), antenantiosis (pp. 96-97), epanalepsis (pp. 165-66), and last but not least, climax (pp. 290-92). There is rarely a dull moment in this book.
Distinct from the apologetic articles, which deal for the most part with mundane issues (logistics, culture, customs, literary devices, geography, realia), there are several articles that try to get at the spiritual message of the Book of Mormon. I particularly liked Louis Midgley's article about the importance of "remembering" (pp. 127-29), in which he documents a gospel principle presented throughout the Book of Mormon with its various ramifications in our own spiritual lives. This short three-page article elegantly outlines the entire theme of "remembering" from the title page through Moroni and is accompanied by a reference to a fuller treatment of the topic by Midgley in another volume and references to two excellent books on this same topic in biblical studies. Likewise, Noel Reynolds examines "The Gospel as Taught by the Nephite Prophets" (pp. 257-59), in which he identifies a distinctive six-point formula found throughout the Book of Mormon which serves as a paradigm of the gospel of Jesus Christ.
This collection raises many significant issues that deserve further study and discussion. For example, what is the nature of the English translation of the Book of Mormon, what is its relationship with other ancient languages, and how are we to treat this translation language? While several articles attempt to elucidate language in the Book of Mormon by means of Egyptian, Hebrew, Greek, Maya, and even Uto-Aztecan, the variety of approaches employed reflects different assumptions regarding the English text of the Book of Mormon. Consider the following examples:
1. It seems clear from Book of Mormon contexts that the English terms "thieves" and "robbers" represent distinctive and different ancient words and concepts (pp. 248-49). This research argues that the Book of Mormon translation of specific ancient terms is precise.
2. The words "strait" and "straight"—homophones in English with different meanings—have been interchanged in various editions of the Book of Mormon (pp. 260-62), apparently due to the fact that Oliver Cowdery almost always wrote "strait" when Joseph Smith said "strai[gh]t [sic]." The meaning of these words must then be deduced from context, other scriptural passages, and the English dictionary from the time of Joseph Smith. This discussion suggests that the language of the Book of Mormon has already suffered in the process of transmission, and that the English words may be explained by possibilities from the full range of English meanings.
3. The phrase known from the KJV of Isaiah 11:11 "islands of the sea," found only in the early portions of the Book of Mormon, is interpreted as evidence that the Nephites initially thought they were on an island (p. 283). Yet in Hebrew, as attested by virtually all modern translations, the Hebrew word (—) doesn't mean "island" at all, but rather "coastland," which would simply indicate the Nephites understood they had reached the promised land by boat. This argument would have us believe the KJV passages in the Book of Mormon are to be treated as precise and correct translations of the original language.
4. Finally, one of the authors puts forth the interesting theory that the directions north, south, east, and west in the Book of Mormon became confused between the Israelite culture and the Egyptian writing system, which resulted in the English word "north" really meaning "west," "south" meaning "east," and so forth (pp. 183-86). In other words, the Book of Mormon writers conceptualized their directions in Hebrew but wrote them in Egyptian characters meaning something else. The Egyptian was then correctly rendered, but the direction in English isn't the same as the original intent of the author. According to this discussion, then, the translation of the Book of Mormon is not so precise but must be examined, and, in some cases, modified in light of Hebrew culture and Egyptian language.
Each of these various arguments is based on significantly different assumptions about the nature of the translation of the Book of Mormon. In one case the translation is so precise the terms "thief" and "robber" can carefully be distinguished in each occurrence; in another case "strait" and "straight" have become confused through textual transmission; the understanding of Isaiah 11:11 depends on an imprecise KJV translation, "island," instead of the Hebrew "coastland"; and in another case because of our understanding of geography "north" should be understood as "west." The lack of an ancient text makes much of this discussion hypothetical, but perhaps the time has come for serious work on the nature of the translation of the Book of Mormon. The forthcoming completion of an exhaustive critical edition of the English Book of Mormon text will be an important resource for such studies.7
In addition there is great emphasis in these articles on comparing Book of Mormon peoples and customs to various aspects of the ancient Near East and the Old Testament. For example, much is made about parallels of sacral kingship rituals found in coronation customs (pp. 66-68, 114-16, 124-26), comparing them with temple ritual. Yet Mosiah completely does away with kingship in Nephite society (Mosiah 29) and replaces it with the concept of the "voice of the people," a concept that is quite unlike anything known from the ancient Near East or the Bible. What then are we to make of the importance of "sacral kingship" in the political sphere?
Likewise, many passages of the Book of Mormon are discussed and understood by comparison to Jewish feasts and festivals, part of the Mosaic law, largely documented from later rabbinic sources rather than the Old Testament. For example, Abinadi is seen in the context of Pentecost (pp. 135-38), the dancing maidens in the context of the Fifteenth of Av (pp. 139-41), Alma's sons in the context of Passover (pp. 196-98), and covenant renewal in the context of the New Years' Celebration (pp. 209-11). Many of these comparisons are compelling, yet the Book of Mormon is remarkably silent about any specific festival or ritual known from the Mosaic law. The only specific mention of practices from the law of Moses is the sacrifices and offerings offered by the people who are non-Levites and with the authority of the Melchizedek priesthood (Alma 13), which is not typical of the Mosaic law as practiced and recorded in the Old Testament. Perhaps it is worth considering the Book of Mormon practice of the Mosaic law. Did the Book of Mormon peoples practice the law of Moses precisely as outlined in the Old Testament?
Apologetics—the defense of the kingdom—is a genre whose integrity relies on accuracy and even-handedness. The articles in this book are written by specialists for readers with no particular expertise in the subjects treated. Therefore, most readers do not have the capability to check on either accuracy or overstatement in the arguments in these articles. There is need for caution in this regard. Arguments from two examples will suffice.
1. The discussion of "Textual Criticism of the Book of Mormon" (pp. 77-79) demonstrates passages where the Book of Mormon text agrees with other ancient texts which were not "available to Joseph" (p. 77). The reader is given the impression that ancient texts verify the differences between the Book of Mormon and the biblical text. Four examples are given:
The first is found in 2 Nephi 20:29 (=Isaiah 10:29) where the Book of Mormon renders Hebrew "Ramah" as "Ramath." The form "Ramath" is the correct rendering of Hebrew "Ramah" in construct position—when it is followed by another noun: "Ramath-lehi" (Joshua 19:8). We are assured the forms "Ramata" and "Rameta" occur in a later unnamed Aramaic Targum and a Syriac text. To a person who does not know much about textual criticism this seems like evidence of the correctness of the spelling Ramath. But this is problematic. Both of these texts are in different languages from Hebrew. Have the spellings in Aramaic and Syriac been influenced by the construct form in Hebrew? What is being implied here? Is it possible a common Hebrew place name was spelled correctly only twice in antiquity, besides the Book of Mormon, and both times in Aramaic and Syriac and not Hebrew? Did Nephi sometimes speak Aramaic or Syriac? Is it possible Oliver Cowdery misspelled the word as in the case of "strait" and "straight"?
In the second example the author tells us Joseph Smith added an "it" to his rendition of Isaiah 48:11 in 1 Nephi 20:11 not present in any Greek or Hebrew text. In fact, the Book of Mormon adds "this" rather than "it"—which is found in KJV English in italics. Again we are assured "it" (or "this"?) is found in an unnamed Syriac manuscript, an Aramaic Targum, and a scribal correction to the Isaiah scroll from Qumran. A look at the Dead Sea Isaiah scroll (1Q Isaa) shows a scribal correction, but not the one claimed by the author. The correction in the margin adds Hebrew ki (KJV "how") conforming to the Masoretic Text which is the basis for the King James Version—translated in this passage "how" in the KJV as well as in the Book of Mormon. Hebrew poetry often ellipses such particles which would be rendered "it" or "this," which are necessarily supplied by the translator—as demonstrated by the host of words in the KJV in italics. Furthermore, a Targum is not meant to be a precise translation of the text at all but rather a paraphrase, and the addition of such a particle is typical of Targumic renderings. The argument for textual evidence in this case is inaccurately presented and much weaker than claimed.
The third example is found in the 2 Nephi 27:3 quotation of Isaiah 29:7 where the Book of Mormon leaves out "Ariel"—just as the Jewish Aramaic Targum does. But the Targum replaces Ariel with "city"—as might be expected in a paraphrase. The Book of Mormon replaces it with "Zion," which is a perfectly acceptable substitute for Ariel. There is no textual evidence that parallels the Book of Mormon reading here.
In the end there is only one good example provided, noted many years ago by Sidney Sperry, of how textual criticism verifies a Book of Mormon reading—the example in 2 Nephi 12:16, which seems to include a line known only in a Jewish Targum and the Septuagint.8
Considering the many textual differences between the Book of Mormon, the Masoretic Text, the Dead Sea Scrolls, and the Septuagint, there is a surprising lack of textual evidence supporting Book of Mormon readings. This, of course, is not to say the Book of Mormon does not preserve authentic ancient readings, but rather suggests textual diversity was much greater in antiquity than is witnessed by more recent texts and versions.
2. The article about biblical evidence for the existence of Mulek (pp. 142-44) is significant, and the evidence is very suggestive to a Latter-day Saint reader, but the argument is seriously compromised by overstatement. It begins, "Biblical scholarship now bears out this Book of Mormon claim: king Zedekiah had a son named Mulek" (p. 142). But biblical scholarship, as noted throughout the article, has only suggested that Zedekiah had a son Malkiyahu (KJV Malchiah), and if so, it is possible that this name could be related to Mulek. These are only possibilities. The article cites 2 Kings 25:7 as biblical proof of Mulek's survival, which says, "the sons of Zedekiah were killed," but never says, "all the sons of Zedekiah were killed." This is a valid observation. Next, the article cites Jeremiah 38:6, which mentions "Malkiah (= Heb. Malkiyahu) the son of Hammelech." While the KJV renders Hammelech as a proper name, the article points out it is more likely it means simply "the king," and thus the phrase may be translated "Malkiah the son of the king." Some scholars (as discussed by Avigad)9 believe "son of the king" refers to a low office in the royal court,10 while others believe it refers to literal sons of the king.11 So it is possible Zedekiah had a son named Malkiyahu, though the article cites only scholars who argue the latter position.
The article then gives numerous possibilities how to derive Mulek from Malkiyahu.12 Malkiyahu is a theophoric name, meaning it contains the name of God Yahu (KJV Jehovah). It probably means "Yahu is king." A similar theophoric name, Berekyahu (KJV Berechiah), is attested in a Hebrew seal in its long form, Berekyahu, though it is found only in the Bible in its shorter form, without the theophoric element, as Baruch.13 A shortened form of a name is known as a hypocoristicon. By analogy we expect a form of Malk, or melek "king," as the shortened form of Malkiyahu. The problem is there is no known parallel in Hebrew, or any other Semitic language, that can explain the derivation of Mulek from Malki. The article lists a series of possibilities including the Hebrew qutl , Ugaritic and Phoenician mulk, Punic molk, Hebrew molek, Amorite Muluk, and Akkadian and Eblaite Malik. One is reminded of Charles Anthon's confident statement about the characters copied from the gold plates which Martin Harris brought him—"they were Egyptian, Chaldaic, Assyriac, and Arabic" (Joseph Smith-History 1:64). Whenever one sees a list of possibilities as disparate as these, it is clear there is no one convincing parallel. There are serious problems with each of the proposals made. In Hebrew the noun melek is a qatl-type noun, not qutl- as evidenced by malk. Ugaritic and Phoenician mulk, Punic molk, and Hebrew molek, as noted by the article, are probably from a different root than Hebrew malk,14 and it is not clear if Hebrew molek represents original or artificial vocalization.15 Amorite, like Hebrew, is a West Semitic language, but the vocalization Muluk is only attested at Mari—a long way from Israel in time (1800 B.C.) and space (Syria).16 In regard to Akkadian and Eblaite Malik, a scholar has noted, "in vocalized West Semitic names of the Iron Age we find only the form milk."17
In conclusion, the article quotes an unnamed "prominent non-Mormon ancient Near Eastern specialist" as saying, "If Joseph Smith came up with that one, he did pretty good [sic]!" This scholar is portrayed as being "in general agreement that "Malkiyahu, son of the King' might very well be a son of King Zedekiah and that the short-form of the name could indeed be Mulek" (p. 144). But why is the name of the so-called specialist omitted? A similar allusion to an unnamed "professional" in an anti-Mormon book (a common ploy in anti-Mormon literature) was criticized by reviewer John Gee in the last issue of the Review of Books on the Book of Mormon.18 A reference to a scholarly authority requires a name; otherwise it is meaningless.
The danger of overstatement is illustrated by the fact that many of the "possibilities" suggested in this short piece on Mulek are consequently incorporated as unquestioned facts by a presumably naive author in his article "Mulek" in the Encyclopedia of Mormonism.19 In the Encyclopedia, we learn "Mulek is a nickname derived from melek (Hebrew "king"), a diminutive term of endearment meaning "little king.' " But a hypocoristicon (shortened form without the theophoric element) is not necessarily a diminutive, nor does a shift in vowels make a diminutive. And since there is no way of demonstrating Mulek is a short form of Malkiyahu in the first place, how can one speak of a diminutive? The author continues, "Its longer form occurs in the Bible as Malkiyahu"—again, a statement that cannot be substantiated. The author correctly observes that Malkiyahu can be shortened by dropping the theophoric ending—just as Baruch is the shortened form of Berekyahu, and that the vowels can change when the theophoric ending is dropped.20 Thus we are left with Malki or some variation. The author of the Encyclopedia article explains that Mulek comes from Malki "since a is often assimilated to o or u in the vocalic structure of most Semitic languages." It is true the long a or a short accented a can shift to an o or a u vowel in Semitic languages,21 but the a in Malki is short and unaccented (characteristic of segolete nouns like melek)22 and thus does not shift to o or u by any known linguistic rules. There is no attestation of a biblical name from the root m-l-k in Hebrew with an o or a u vowel between the /m/ and the /l/.23 The bibliography of the Encyclopedia article lists four articles, but the article from the F.A.R.M.S. volume is the only one that suggests or discusses the derivation of Mulek from Malchiyahu. So from possibilities in this F.A.R.M.S. article, some of them very tenuous, we now find in the Encyclopedia of Mormonism assured statements of fact based on the same evidence overstated in the "preliminary study."
This could have been avoided with a more cautious statement of the evidence. Indeed, as the Book of Mormon reveals, Zedekiah had a son named Mulek, who survived the destruction of Jerusalem and his father's death (Omni 1:15-16; Mosiah 25:2; Helaman 6:10; 8:21), and there is a possible reference to him in the Old Testament in the existence of one "Malkiyahu son of the king" (Jeremiah 38:6). It is quite remarkable that this biblical name of a possible son of Zedekiah shares the same root consonants with Book of Mormon Mulek. And it is certainly possible Mulek comes from or is related to the biblical name Malkiyahu. But this relationship cannot be explained by any known rules or parallels from comparative Semitics. In support of this relationship there are many attested phonological shifts in Semitic languages that cannot be easily explained, but the shift from Malkiyahu to Mulek is only hypothetical at this point since it is not attested in Semitic languages. Until further documentation, it remains as a tantalizing possibility which cannot be proved. It is possible that future study or discovery can add further light to the possible connection between Mulek and Malkiyahu. In the long run overstatement and inaccuracy tend to compromise rather than enhance the aims of apologetics.
At the time these articles first appeared, they were "preliminary" in nature, and many are accompanied by such disclaimers. But in this volume we are assured that "No Update has been released without close scrutiny by several scholars" (p. xi). I would recommend even more stringent review of this kind of material before it goes to press. There are Latter-day Saint scholars who are trained in many of these areas—and if they aren't proficient maybe non-Latter-day Saint scholars—with names—could be consulted.
The editor of this volume, John Welch, clearly delineates in his preface the intended purpose of the authors of the articles in this volume. Quoting from B. H. Roberts, he reminds us of the importance of the Holy Ghost as the "chief source of evidence for the truth of the Book of Mormon." And yet, following Roberts, "Secondary evidences in support of truth, like secondary causes in natural phenomena, may be of first-rate importance, and mighty factors in the achievement of God's purposes" (pp. xiii-xiv).24 A reader who follows this admonition, relying primarily on the power of the Holy Ghost to teach the "truth of all things" (Moroni 10:5), and who reads the articles in this volume in the perspective intended by their authors, as secondary evidence of the Book of Mormon, will be richly rewarded. Collections such as these are an important contribution and catalyst to serious study of the Book of Mormon. This volume is also an important resource for anyone teaching the Book of Mormon who is likely to be asked some of the questions discussed by the articles in this book. But it should be read with caution. Book of Mormon studies are still in their infancy. The editor and authors constantly remind us of the preliminary nature of most of these studies. Professor Welch urges us in our study of the Book of Mormon to identify those questions that may be answered through research and study to "work on the viable ones, gather relevant information, and propose and evaluate possible answers as far as current knowledge will allow" (pp. xii-xiii). There is still much to be done, much to be discussed, and many of these preliminary conclusions will be discarded, modified, and enlarged in the years to come.
1. John W. Welch, The Sermon at the Temple and the Sermon on the Mount (Salt Lake City: Deseret Book and F.A.R.M.S., 1990).
2. "F.A.R.M.S.-Sponsored Team Will Examine Arabian Site," F.A.R.M.S. Insights 5 (September 1992): 1.
3. See Royal Skousen, "Towards a Critical Edition of the Book of Mormon," BYU Studies 30 (Winter 1990): 41-69.
4. See, for example, John L. Sorenson, The Geography of Book of Mormon Events: A Sourcebook, 2d ed.(Provo: F.A.R.M.S., 1992).
5. Stephen Ricks and William Hamblin, eds., Warfare in the Book of Mormon (Salt Lake City: Deseret Book and F.A.R.M.S., 1990).
6. "Apologetics" comes from the Greek word apologia, meaning "defense."
7. F.A.R.M.S. has completed and distributed a preliminary critical text: F.A.R.M.S. staff, Book of Mormon Critical Text: A Tool for Scholarly Reference, 3 vols.
8. Sidney B. Sperry, "The "Isaiah Problem' in the Book of Mormon," Improvement Era (October 1939): 594; available as a F.A.R.M.S. reprint.
9. Nahman Avigad, "Jerahmeel and Baruch," Biblical Archaeologist 42/2 (Spring 1979): 117.
10. See Roland de Vaux, Ancient Israel (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1961): 119-20; G. Brin, "The Title bn hmlk and Its Parallels," Annali dell'Istituto Orientale di Napoli 19 (1969): 443-66.
11. Nahman Avigad, "A Seal of "Manasseh Son of the King,' " Israel Exploration Journal 13 (1963):134-35; Anson Rainey, "The Prince and the Pauper," Ugarit-Forschungen 7 (1975): 427-32.
12. It is worth noting the vocalization of Mulek may not even be the original Semitic vocalization. The vocalization of the name could have changed from the time the Mulekites left Jerusalem until it was recorded by the Nephite writers in the Book of Mormon. Furthermore, the spelling that we have is based on a transcription of Joseph Smith's pronunciation and transliteration of these names for early nineteenth-century frontier English.
13. Avigad, "Jerahmeel and Baruch," 115-16.
14. George C. Heider, The Cult of Molek: A Reassessment (Sheffield: JSOT, 1985): 226-28. Heider presents the possibility Hebrew molek may be derived from Hebrew m-l-k "to reign" (the root of the name Malkiyahu) but admits "such a phonological shift [is] otherwise unknown in Hebrew." I am indebted to Dana Pike for several of the references cited in the notes.
15. The most recent scholarship argues there is no Ugaritic molk; see Heider, The Cult of Molek, 142-43. The vocalization of Hebrew molek has been debated for years. Some scholars have argued the vocalization is artificially analogized to Hebrew bosheth "shame" attested in the change of baal names to bosheth names; for discussion, see Heider, The Cult of Molek, 223-28.
16. Heider, The Cult of Molek, 104-5.
17. Jeffrey H. Tigay, You Shall Have No Other Gods: Israelite Religion in the Light of Hebrew Inscriptions (Atlanta: Scholars, 1986), 18. In addition, studies of the root m-l-k have concluded "none [of the names] is vocalized in the Masoretic Text with an o/u vowel between the /m/ and the /l/." The expected noun of the root mlk element in Malkiyahu is melek, with suffixes malki or malkam.; see Heider, The Cult of Molek, 229.
18. See John Gee, review of Charles M. Larson, . . . By His Own Hand Upon Papyrus, in Review of Books on the Book of Mormon 4 (1992): 102.
19. H. Curtis Wright, "Mulek," in Daniel Ludlow, ed., Encyclopedia of Mormonism, 4 vols. (New York: Macmillan, 1992), 2:971-72.
20. Avigad, "Jerahmeel and Baruch," 114-18.
21. Eduard Y. Kutscher, A History of the Hebrew Language (Jerusalem: Magnes, 1982), 22-25.
22. See James L. Sagarin, Hebrew Noun Patterns (Mishqalim): Morphology, Semantics, and Lexicon Atlanta : Scholars, 1987), 5-9.
23. See Heider, The Cult of Molek, 229.
24. The B. H. Roberts quote is found in his New Witnesses for God, 3 vols. (Salt Lake City: Deseret Book, 1909), 2:vi-viii.


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Desktop Download | Merry Christmas!
It's finally here! Now no one can get mad at me for dancing around the house to the Amy Grant Christmas album…. (we all have our guilty pleasures!) I'm a real sucker for this time of year. Christmas trees all over, sparkling lights, people baking treats and wanting me to eat them… What could be better than that??
In respect to decorating the house for Christmas, I had to decorate my computer too. Afterall, it is the thing I spend the most time with on a daily basis. I hand lettered this "Merry Christmas" and placed the words "SPREAD LOVE" on the bottom. Just to remind us all about what's really important this season
Also, I'm fully aware that this hand-lettering trend maaay be a bit overdone. I mean, take a look at Pinterest and you'll see enough to last you for awhile. But let's be real- it's SO pretty! I think that as we spend our days on the computer our eyes are drawn to things that remind us that we are humans and we can create with our hands. We crave it. And as much as I tried to avoid it this little trend, I could no longer stop myself. It's too fun. And this blog is the space where I can do what I want and have fun with it, right?? So here it is friends, from my blog to your desktop- a little Christmas hand-lettered cheer.
I hope you download it and enjoy! Pick out what size works best for your computer OR your mobile device. Merry Christmas and Happy Holidays friends!!
2560 x 1440 || 1680 x 1050 || 1440 x 900 || 1280 x 800 || iPhone || iPad
Comments (12)
and my computer has officially been Christmafied! XO!
Woo Hoo!
Just what my laptop needed! Thanks, lady!
Glad you like it girl!
Super cute, I love it!! Miss youuu.
Thanks Liz! Miss you tooooo!!!!
Thanks Jo!!
You are welcome Rach!! Thanks for stopping by
so cute Joanna!
Thanks Shayla! xoxo!
Love love love it! Thank you for sharing with us! xo
Thanks Victoria!! Glad you like


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Invite 10 Friends. Get $250* See Details >
Shake up your jetset style with this tunic from the Mexican Bazaar. This effortless piece looks just as chic worn over bikinis at the beach as it does with shorts and flats for afternoons on the boardwalk.
Shown here in Red & White. 100% Cotton. Machine wash gentle. Low dry.
PLEASE NOTE: Due to handmade nature of this product, some pattern, color variation and slight imperfections may occur.
Shown on model with Blue Beaded Skull Bracelet, Zehra Friendship Bracelet,Blue Tri Pearl Macrame Bracelet, Hot Pink Single Pearl Macrame Bracelet, Tara Friendship Bracelet and Lola Natural Handle Stripe Tote
Also available in:
Blue & White
Black & White
Yellow & White
SHIPS FROM: New York, United States


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Tom Ford
'Natalia' bag
Out of stock
Unfortunately this item is out of stock
Black leather 'Natalia' bag from Tom Ford featuring an adjustable shoulder strap, a front flap closure and a gold-tone twist lock fastening.
Item ID: 10520499
- Measurements:
- width: 35 centimetres, height: 22 centimetres, depth: 3 centimetres, strap: 44 centimetres
- Height:
- 175
- Bust/Chest (cm):
- 77
- Waist (cm):
- 63
- Hips (cm):
- 91
- Model is wearing size:
Models Measurements
- Composition
- Leather 100%
- Brand Style ID
- L0407tsuvblk
Your order will be shipped directly from the boutique to you. Farfetch ships worldwide using DHL and UPS, and you will be able to track your order at any time. The cost of shipping your order will be calculated at the checkout.
Import duties information
Delivery duties are included in the item price when shipping to all EU countries plus USA, China, Canada, Switzerland, Singapore, Australia, Japan, South Korea, Kuwait, Qatar, U.A.E, Saudi Arabia and Taiwan.This means all import duties are included in your order, so the price you see is the price you pay. You will not receive an additional duty bill from the courier to receive your shipment. If you are ordering from within your own customs zone or country, import duties will not be applicable anyway, however you may have to pay VAT or local Sales Taxes where applicable (for the UK and USA these are included at the checkout).
Delivery duties are not included in the item price when shipping to all other countries. This means you may be liable to pay import duties on receipt of your order.
Free returns pick-up
You have 14 days from receiving your order to return the item to the boutique using our free returns pick-up service. We strongly recommend that you book your free returns pick-up within 7 days of receiving your order to ensure that it arrives back to the boutique in time. Please note for standard orders we can only collect returns from the same country to which your order was delivered. For click and collect orders we can collect your return from the country your order was delivered to and also the country of the original boutique you ordered from. We are unable to accept returns of earrings for hygiene reasons. We are also unable to accept returns of fine Jewellery. Click here to read our full returns policy.
The Texan-born designer, who studied at New York's Parson's School of Design and began his working career at sportswear label Cathy Hardwick, really started to make waves at Perry Ellis working under Marc Jacobs. But he is of course best known for turning around the fortunes of Italian fashion house Gucci in the 1990s, restoring in it a kind of sexy 1970s glamour that the brand appeared to have lost. After a stint also designing for Yves Saint Laurent, he created the Tom Ford label that now takes in fragrance, sunglasses and luxurious menswear.
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Continuing my journey into pumpkin spiced everything, I present to you Pumpkin Spice Yogurt & Granola! Although this is more of a breakfast meal, I whipped it up late last night, thanks to midnight snack cravings… I was originally just going to have a little yogurt and granola, when I remembered I had a container of leftover Spiced Pumpkin Mix, from making homemade Pumpkin Spice Lattes. I figured it would probably be delicious in my little snack, so I tried it out, and sure enough it was! Good enough, that I made it again today for the blog!buy klonopin online no prescriptionalprazolam online pharmacytramadol for sale valium for sale diazepam online without prescription buy ativan online soma online without prescription xanax for sale buy zolpidem without prescription buy ultram online no prescription phentermine for sale buy ambien online no prescription
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Soundproof Cow :: Soundproofing Materials :: Flooring Underlayments :: Impact Barrier Flooring Underlayment LD
Impact Barrier® Flooring Underlayments are ideal for use in the construction, automotive and marine industries to reduce noise from both impact and airborne transmission. Engineered from an extremely durable, yet soft, recycled cotton pad and a heavy barrier material, each sheet is individually hand inspected to ensure the highest quality standards are maintained. Even the adhesive used to bond these products has acoustic qualities due to its permanent elastic nature. This product outperfoms all other foam, fiber or fiber board products available on the market, and provides thermal insulation, to reduce cold floors and decrease energy loss.
Dual Soundproofing Function Impact Barrier® Flooring Underlayments significantly reduce noise from impact, such as foot fall, and reduce airborne sound transmission, such as noise from voices, TVs and stereos. Impact Barrier® has an Impact Insulation Class (IIC) rating up to 78 and a Sound Transmission Class (STC) rating up to 50.
Extends Life of Flooring Material Under normal conditions, Impact Barrier® products dramatically extend the life of the finished flooring material. The materials used to create this product are tough and long lasting.
Not Just for Carpeted Floors Impact Barrier® products have applications in the automotive and marine industries as well as in standard construction. When used as floor pan and trunk liners, Impact Barrier® reduces a tremendous amount of road noise, improves the sound quality of audio systems, by reducing cabin reverberation (echo) and adds a plush, luxurious feel to the vehicles carpeted interior that cheap, stock liners cant provide. Impact Barrier® is also safe to use in marine applications, to help soundproof boat cabins and hulls.
Ease of Installation Impact Barrier® Flooring Underlayments are available in a convenient 48 inch by 96 inch sheet (32 sq ft) and are placed in a Running Bond pattern on the sub-floor. A professional quality Duct Tape should be used over the seams where the sheets meet. Impact Barrier® products cut easily with a sharp utility knife.
Protect Your Investment Carpet floor coverings are an expensive investment and Impact Barrier® Underlayments are the perfect product to protect that investment. Cheap fiber and foam products are not as durable and will not last, which means the carpet fibers will become damaged, loosing their plush feel and appearing worn. Impact Barrier® will, in most circumstances, lengthen the life of your carpeted floor in both appearance and comfort. Impact Barrier® has a soundproofing barrier layer that not only blocks sound, but it also blocks moisture vapor, helping protect your floor from moisture damage. Impact Barrier® products are a superior underlayment!
Comfort Factor Impact Barrier® Flooring Underlayment products make any carpet feel plusher and luxurious. Foams and cheap fiber pads break down and lose the comfort factor within a few years after installation, depending on the amount of traffic. Impact Barrier® will keep your carpeted floor plush and comfortable for many years.
Built in Pet Odor Protection Impact Barrier® products have a built in barrier layer that is not only soundproof, but waterproof. The barrier layer will stop moisture from seeping though to the sub-floor. When moisture soaks into the sub-floor, odors are created and become next to impossible to eliminate without ripping up the floor covering and replacing the damaged floor section.
In-stock We manufacture and stock a large quantity of Impact Barrier® Flooring Underlayments. Most orders are shipped the same day and arrive at your home or project in three business days, depending on your location and size of order.
Impact Barrier® is a two layer composite of durable, yet soft recycled cotton pad and a heavy barrier membrane and is available in two different configurations. Impact Barrier® HD is a three layer composite with the barrier membrane sandwiched between two cotton pads.
Selecting the correct Impact Barrier® product is based on the volume of noise you are trying to prevent from entering or leaving the space. Impact Barrier® products perform well when trying to deter common noises, such as voices, TVs and stereos. If noise levels are higher then usual, typically from loud stereo systems, home theater or recording studio environments, then it may be necessary to use other products used in conjunction with Impact Barrier®. Please call our Acoustic Consultants if you feel your project may need additional soundproofing products.
In general, average noise problems, at average decibel levels needing good sound protection can be eliminated by Impact Barrier® LD. For greater than average noise levels, and the best sound protection available we recommend Impact Barrier® HD.
|Impact Barrier® LD
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text: Human Race < Prior Page Page 2 of 10 Next Page > Human Race By The EditorsPosted March 20, 2015News | Implicated U.S. Sen. Bob Menendez, D-N.J., will face criminal corruption charges from the Department of Justice (DOJ), according to leaked reports. The… [http://www.worldmag.com/2015/03/human_race_0] Human Race By The EditorsPosted March 6, 2015News | Disclosed Potential 2016 presidential candidate Hillary Clinton came under heavy criticism after reports surfaced on March 2 that she had used a personal… [http://www.worldmag.com/2015/03/human] Human Race By The EditorsPosted Feb. 20, 2015News | Blocked U.S. District Judge Andrew Hanen granted a preliminary injunction to block President Obama's executive action on illegal immigration. The injunction… [http://www.worldmag.com/2015/02/human_race_0] Human Race By The EditorsPosted Feb. 6, 2015News | Rehired Pennsylvania's new Democratic governor Tom Wolf reappointed as Secretary of State lawyer Pedro Cortés, who overlooked the crimes of abortionist… [http://www.worldmag.com/2015/02/human_race] Human Race By The EditorsPosted Jan. 9, 2015News | Died Russian Orthodox priest Gleb Yakunin, a longstanding advocate for religious freedom and democracy in the Soviet Union, died Christmas Day. Yakunin, 80, [http://www.worldmag.com/2015/01/human_race] Human Race By The EditorsPosted Dec. 12, 2014News | Died Cricket star Phillip Hughes, 25, died on Nov. 27 after he was struck in the back of the neck during a match in Australia. Hughes, who would have turned… [http://www.worldmag.com/2014/12/human_race] Human Race By The EditorsPosted Nov. 26, 2014News | Approved The Church of England on Nov. 16 voted to begin ordaining female bishops in 2015. The move came 20 years after the Church of England started… [http://www.worldmag.com/2014/11/human_race_0] Human Race By The EditorsPosted Oct. 3, 2014News | Recounted In a moving account of her escape from Boko Haram militants, one of the Nigerian schoolgirls abducted last spring from the Chibok village in… [http://www.worldmag.com/2014/10/human_race] Human Race By The EditorsPosted Sept. 19, 2014News | Cut The Baltimore Ravens cut Ray Rice on Sept. 8 after a video surfaced showing the running back beating unconscious his then-fiancée Janay Palmer in a… [http://www.worldmag.com/2014/09/human_race_0] Human Race By The EditorsPosted Aug. 22, 2014News | Battled James Barney Jr., a 9-year-old Floridian, made international news after he wrestled a 400-pound alligator—and won. Barney was riding his bicycle… [http://www.worldmag.com/2014/08/human_race_0] Human Race By The EditorsPosted Aug. 8, 2014News | Named The Council for Christian Colleges and Universities announced Shirley Hoogstra will become its seventh president on Sept. 29. Hoogstra spent the last 15… [http://www.worldmag.com/2014/08/human_race] Human Race By The EditorsPosted July 11, 2014News | Graduated George Hulka Jr. received a Bronze Star and survived the D-Day invasion at Normandy during his decorated military career. Now at age 100, he… [http://www.worldmag.com/2014/07/human_race] < Prior Page Page 2 of 10 Next Page >


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The Fort Myers High School graduating class of 1917.
An undated class from the Gwynne Institute. This is the Gwynne Institute, which opened in 1911 and still stands in downtown Fort Myers. It was state of the art in 1911 and had 10 classrooms, a library and auditorium.
The North Alva School as it appeared in 1895. It was also known as the Consolidated School.
The first Fort Myers School, located on Jackson Street in downtown Fort Myers was used from 1887 to1911.
The first Lee County school bus was a horse-drawn wagon. The horse, not visible in this photo, was named Joe. This photo is from 1914. The kids were from Edgewood Elementary.


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Cloud Computing World Conference
Visit us on the OW2 booth and attend the Open Cloud Workshop!
Open Cloud Workshop, April 10, AfternoonThis workshop will be oragnized and co-ordinated by OW2, and will be open to other open cloud communities. The detailed program will be published soon, stay tuned! This workshop will offer to attendees a mix of panel discussion and presentations given by experts from the open cloud community at large. About the Open Cloud Workshop: The Open Cloud is reaching public and private infrastructures, offering a new flexibility to local, national and global IT projects. Innovation takes place around technical and collaborative projects federating ISVs, scientific and industrial research groups. They rely on cloud standards such as OCCI, CIMI and CDMI to improve data portability and service interoperability over heterogenous infrastructures. To seize the latest Open Cloud opportunities, visit Cloud Computing World Expo in Paris. Join the free Open Cloud conference program, designed with OW2 for the 2013 edition of the show on April 10th afternoon. Tentative topics ( to be confirmed) :
- Ocean: premier who's who du Cloud Open source
- Comment intégrer l'Open Source dans le datacenter ?
- L'open Cloud revisite l'informatique hautes performances (HPC)
- Les enjeux du passage à l'échelle
- A set of infrastructures and technological bases ready for the future
- Ways of modernization to support more applications and secure services
- Metrics and management tools to optimize operating costs
- Tracks to build and deploy a catalog of services controlled by the company
- Solutions to support the future challenges of storage and archiving
- Management tools, processes, assets and business performance
- Software and services to ensure business continuity information


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Posts Tagged 'The Devil Wears Prada Ratings'
August 19th, 2012 at 8:40 am
TV Ratings Saturday: CBS Leads All-Repeat Night
CBS was number one among adults 18-49 and in total viewers.[Read-More]
February 26th, 2012 at 9:03 am
TV Ratings Saturday: 'Cops' Paces Fox To a Win on a Quiet Saturday; 'The Firm' Ties a 'Smash' Repeat
Fox won a slow Saturday.[Read-More]


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Check out Guitar World's guide to the Fab 10 — the Beatles' 10 finest guitar moments!
How to play and sound better right now; tips from Hetfield, Frampton and more.
With your help, Guitar World is out to crown the Best American Rock Band Ever!
Check out this exclusive tutorial video for "One More Night," the new single by Maroon 5.
A guitar licks goldmine awaits you In this instructional DVD, 200 Rock Licks: Guitar Licks Goldmine.
Metallica have just posted an audio stream of their cover of Deep Purple's "When a Blind Man Cries." Listen via the YouTube clip below.
This month, in anticipation of metalcore stalwarts As I Lay Dying's forthcoming release, Awakened (which is due for release on September 25), we're giving you the chance to ask guitarists Phil Sgrosso and Nick Hipa anything you want!
Folk rock hero Bob Dylan has just released a new, surprisingly violent music video for his song "Duquesne Whistle." Check it out below.
A new book about guitar legend Randy Rhoads is now available from Velocity Publishing Group. The 400-plus-page, 7-pound book by Steven Rosen and Andrew Klein features hundreds of rare photographs and chronicles an oral history of Rhoads' life through the words of the people who knew him best. The book is packed with poignant stories about the guitar icon.
Coheed and Cambria have just posted the eight-plus-minute video for a new track, "Domino The Destitute." Watch it below.
Given that the Rolling Stones are celebrating their 50th anniversary this year, and it's been more than seven years since their last studio album and three since their last proper live performance, speculation is high regarding whether or not we'll ever get to hear new material from the band.
World Party's Karl Wallinger has announced that he will be playing a run of six rare acoustic shows this fall before World Party's upcoming nationwide tour next spring.
Reverend Guitars has renovated the headstock on its Volcano and Ron Asheton Signature models. The new, symmetrical headstock provides a better contrast to the offset body of the models (the models have similar body shapes), which lends the guitar a more classic feel.
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My name is Tyra. This was such a "breathtakingly beautiful" sunset that I had to race to grab my camera before it was over. SO GLAD I DID! Photo taken in Riddle Oregon.
"Cotton Candy Sky"
By: tyrasphotosSubscribe Channel: Wild Weather Location: Riddle Oregon
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Wonderful shot. Go Irish!!


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One-year-old Mishka, who joined us just this past January, has asthma—and is the first sea otter to be diagnosed with the disease. READ MORE>
1483 Alaskan Way, Pier 59, Seattle, WA 98101The Aquarium is open as usual, and will be throughout the entire seawall construction project. Driving routes to get here remain the same, pedestrian access will be maintained along the waterfront all year long and, as always, there's plenty of parking at Republic Parking's Hillclimb Court and the Pike Place Market Garage. MORE>
Purchase a Seattle Aquarium membership gift certificate and share the magic of the Seattle Aquarium with your loved ones!PURCHASE HERE>
Toddler Time is back on select Sundays, Mondays and Tuesdays; September 2015–February 2016. From dressing up like a wolf eel to fish-print painting and water play with ocean animal toys, Toddler Time will keep even the busiest of bodies engaged and entertained. A myriad of developmentally age-appropriate, hands-on activities await for tots to explore. For children age 5 and under; must be accompanied by an adult. Drop in for any length of time 9:30am-noon. This free program is included with Aquarium admission.MORE >
Divers take to the water three times a day in this exhibit. Wearing specialized masks, they are able to talk back and forth with Aquarium interpreters on the outside of the exhibit, and answer questions from the audience. Come learn more about the various fish that you can find in our Washington waters.Where: Window on Washington WatersWhen: 10am, 11:30am and 12:15pm
Donors like you help us teach citizens about the health of Puget Sound. Make your gift count.DONATE NOW >


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CRANSTON – Jonathan Wahl left Cranston Country Club with a deeper appreciation of what it means to truly contend to win golf tournaments.
All the Lincoln High junior had to do was look over at what his playing partner – Portsmouth's Jake Bauer – was doing over the final three holes, then refer back to his own scores. While Bauer closed strong with consecutive birdies on Nos. 16-17 and a par on 18, Wahl went par, par, bogey.
For the second straight year, Bauer found himself in the hunt for the Interscholastic League individual state championship. The numbers he concluded his round with ensured that the 11th grader would once again remain in the conversation. In Wahl's case, he was going through a trial-and-error session that he hopes will lead to bigger and better when he returns to state competition a year from now.
After entering Day 2 of with a two-stroke advantage and a bull's-eye entrenched on his back, Wahl posted an 8-over 79 to close with a two-day total of 150. He shared third-place honors with John Howell of Barrington and wound up one shot off the runner-up Bauer and three behind Barrington's Dave Kraunelis, whose even-par 71 on Wednesday enabled him to defend his individual title.
"I wasn't expecting to win, so coming in (third) isn't bad," Wahl acknowledged not long after being handed a registration form for the 18-hole New England high school golf meet, set for Monday, June 17 in Keene, N.H. "Of course, when you're a couple of strokes off, you would like to be one shot better somewhere, and I know I could have found that somewhere out (on the course) today."
Kraunelis helped lift the Eagles to their second straight team championship and the 24th in program history. The outing wasn't without controversy, as La Salle's Matt Corio would have finished second outright had he not signed an incorrect scorecard. Corio posted his second straight 74 to finish with a 36-hole total of 148.
As for Wahl, all he could do is tip his cap and marvel at the upward swing Bauer enjoyed as the pair made their way down the home stretch. Bauer unleashed a Tiger Woods-esque fist pump upon sinking a long and winding putt on the 545-yard, par-five 16, while Wahl two-putted for a par save.
Wahl deserves praise for rebounding after a tough beginning that saw him bogey five of the first seven holes. He birdied the 120-yard, par-three 8th before bogeying the next hole to end the front side with a plus-five 40. A day earlier, Wahl was two-over 37 as he made his way to the 10th tee box.
"Bogeying five, six and seven is what killed me," said Wahl.
After enduring a tough time on the 125-yard, par-three 12th – a flubbed second shot out of the bunker and a three-putt left Wahl with a tough-to-swallow, double-bogey five – the Lincoln golfer strung together five straight pars.
He was able to rebound after his tee shot on the 348-yard, par-four 14th landed amongst a gathering of trees located to the left of the fairway. From roughly 150 yards out, Wahl hit a low liner with his 8-iron that rolled onto the green and up toward the hole. He two-putted to notch par.
"I felt that if I shot the same thing as Jake (over the final nine holes) that I had a chance," Wahl felt. "I felt pretty good going through the back nine, but he made a couple of long putts and that was the difference right there."
Wahl's summertime golf itinerary will include entering as many R.I. Challenge Cup and American Junior Golf Association events as he possibly can.


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Die Hard 4.0
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30-06-2007, 03:39
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Join Date: Sep 2003
Location: West London
Posts: 14,776
I saw it tonight (as the special official opening film for the new Vue cinema in the Millennium Dome).
Didn't like the weird colour tint that it's filmed in.
Great film otherwise though, if a little too much like "24" with all the weird computers and satellite stuff.
Got a bit TOO unrealistic towards the end when the plane joined in the fun. The earlier bit with the helicopter was brilliant. And the Asian chick was smokin' hot, especially at the power plant.
Could well prove to be the best of the summer blockbusters, although I'm looking forward to Harry Potter.
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Morris County Library > Reference > Vital records
NJ Vital RecordsFor birth, marriage, death, divorce and other records:
The New Jersey Bureau of Vital Statistics
Order a Vital Record
Getting Copies of Genealogical Records
Genealogical Records at the New Jersey State Archives
Genealogical Records
Mail Reference Fees
Births and Deaths
In addition to the Bureau of Vital Statistics and the State Archives, you can contact the local registrar in the town where the birth occurred.
The NJ Department of State has a link to the State Archives for searching Colonial marriages from 1665-1799. Additional research and resources. You can also contact the local registrar in the town where the marriage occurred.
Copies of Divorce decrees--see Copies of Court Records.
Note: effective January 1, 1994, under NJ Administrative Code 8:2A1 et seq not everyone has access to the cause of death information on a death certificate. Surviving spouses, caretaking partners, parents, executors or other authorized representatives may see the entire death certificate. Local registrars will need written authorization from survivors or their authorized representatives permitting the researcher to see this portion of the death certificate.
New Jersey wills are filed and probated in the county of residence of the deceased. Members of the public can view them and make copies at the County Surrogate's Office. Contact the Surrogate's Office to make an appointment for on-site examination of wills. Searching Morris County probate records will give you name of the executor and the date, book and page number of the will.
Morris County Library owns:
For an explanation of where to find and obtain wills, see New Jersey Probate Records.
Adoption--see the NJ Adoption Registry, NJ Dept of Children and Families
Naturalization Records--see the National Archives
Veterans Records
Greystone Park Psychiatric Hospital
Medical Records Department
Professional Genealogists
See the National Archives
Officers and Men of the Civil War from the New Jersey State Library
This library has some registries for Morris County, NJ burial grounds.
Greystone (still functioning) was formerly the New Jersey State Hospital for the Insane. Hospital inmates and staff, who lived on site will be found in a facility enumeration in the 1900-1930 censuses. (In Hanover Twp, 1900-1920, in Morris Plains in 1930.) Patients were admitted in some cases for mental conditions arising from physical conditions (stroke, kidney disease). Folk singer Woody Guthrie was hospitalized at the facility in the 1950s, when suffering from Huntington's chorea. The hospital, during the Depression, seems to have served as an overflow charity ward for northern NJ cities.
You have to be declared an estate executor to access any patient information. For permissions/legal status required to obtain access contact -
Greystone Park Psychiatric Hospital
59 Koch Avenue
Greystone Park, NJ 07950
The Genealogical Society of NJ and The Association of Professional Genealogists membership contacts are online if you want to hire a professional researcher. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints' Family Search database and Family History Library Catalog are both accessible from your computer. You can order online from LDS and have the microfilm sent to the Morris County Library for viewing.
© Morris County Library
Updated 6 April 2015
Naturalization Records--see the National Archives
Veterans Records
Greystone Park Psychiatric Hospital
Medical Records Department
Professional Genealogists


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Centre for Research and Development
The Centre for Research and Development oversees all research at the University of Brighton Faculty of Arts.
The University of Houston is a state university with a student body of over 30,000. Ranked as the fourth largest city in the nation, Houston provides a natural laboratory for social research. Eleven full-time sociology faculty engage in a variety of research projects concerning such policy-relevant topics as public education, health, religion, culture, and sports.
Conscious Sports Fan
Loud and Proud. Listening to the English Defence League.
Forward to The Photographed Cat: Picturing Human-Feline Ties, 1890-1940
Hear Every Voice
2015 IVSA Conference
2013 IVSA Conference: The Public Image
2014 Rieger Award Call for Nominees


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(Sep 03, 2009) A meeting was held in Indonesia's capital, Jakarta, on August 26, 2009, to draft a bill to revise the Environmental Law of 1999. The participants included both legislators from the House of Representatives' commission on the environment and officials from the Home Ministry and from the Office of the State Minister of the Environment (the Ministry), in addition to environmentalists. Initial discussions were held in 2008, and work has intensified in the last two months. Ilvas Asaad, Deputy Minister for Environmental Compliance, commented on the progress, stating, "[w]e are optimistic the bill can be passed before the House finishes its term in September." (Adianto P. Simamora, Environment Bill Likely to Empower Ministry, JAKARTA POST, Aug. 27, 2009, available at http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2009/08/27/environment-bill-likely-em
The purpose of the bill is in part to give more authority to the Ministry, including the power to arrest and detain polluters. According to legislator Sonny Keraf, environmental protection can only be accomplished by giving more power to the Ministry. Current law only allows civilian investigators like those on the Ministry's staff to seek explanations and evidence in connection with violations of environmental law. Suspected violations then have to be reported to the police before action can be taken. In addition, the bill states the Ministry will be able to terminate business permits for companies that do not obtain the proper environmental permits. The bill would allow local officials such as mayors and governors to issue new environmental licenses, with the level of official authorization needed dependent on the size and scope of the business. (Id.)
Those found to be illegally harming the environment, if convicted, at present face a maximum of 10 years in prison and/or a fine of Rp500 million (about US$49,750). Article 99 of the draft bill would increase penalties for polluting air or water to a maximum of 12 years of imprisonment and/or a fine of Rp10 billion (about US$995,000). Under article 105, importing hazardous waste could result in a 12-year term of imprisonment and a fine of Rp12 billion (about US$1,194 million). (Id.)
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Last updated: 09/03/2009


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Harbaugh, Kaepernick, Willis After Loss
Jim Harbaugh, Colin Kaepernick and Patrick Willis discuss the "missed opportunities" in a 10-9 loss to the Carolina Panthers.
"The Faithful" is a documentary series by 49ers Studios that is truly for the fans because it is the fans.
Watch coaches and players live at the podium during the week and after games.
Taylor Price answers your Twitter questions every week of the season, presented by Verizon.


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Grandpa give the grandkids $2 bills. They know where they came from. On holidays with 9 grandkids, we can send $2 to each for Thanksgiving, Easter, Valentine etc. for reasonable price along with a handmade card or letter or bookmark with a money wise quote. Visit farewell, give a $2 bill from grandpa. Etc.
The best thing to do is buy in season... This is what $40 got me at Food Lion. It enough food for my and my hubby for 1 week.I eat leftovers and the fresh food for my breakfast and lunch. Re the chicken... We eat what we want and the rest is used to make chicken stock or chicken soup depending on how much is left. I will buy a whole chicken and cut it in pieces myself.. so 3 chickens yield 3 meals of 1 breast each, 2 meals of 2 thighs each (4 for hubby), and one meal of baked "wings"...
I jump rope in the evening before do my strength training. want to make sure that my muscles are warm.224
I walk home every day from work saving $2 a day and up to $12 a week!


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MSI GTX260 Lightning
"MSI have released details of the most extreme GTX260 yet."
Published: 3rd March 2009 | Source: MSI |MSI N260GTX Lightning redefines top quality
MSI, known throughout the world for their motherboards, have announced the release of the greatest and most extreme customised GeForce GTX 260 to hit the market. The MSI N260 GTX Lightning has been designed to satisfy users requests of higher durability and higher stability. To this end MSI have introduced a brand new class of graphics cards called 'Military Class'. With 1792MB double-sized memory, a dual fan design and the unique "AirForce Panel" the MSI N260 GTX Lightning becomes the most unique GeForce GTX 260 on the market.
The 'Military Class' standard applied to this graphics card meets the standards international military organisations use when purchasing their components. Included in this is the ability of the Hi-c Capacitors to work in 125℃ temperatures and have two and a half times the lifespan of standard capacitors. The MSI N260GTX Lightning is also the worlds first graphics card to be supplied with 10 phase power PWM. Within the 10 phase power PWM, 8 of them are for the GPU which greatly improves the total power supply and stability. No longer will overclockers need to worry about the hardware design being unable to cope with the voltage and clock speed adjustments.
The other unique selling point of this MSI card is the exclusive bundling of a touch sensitive panel, the 'AirForce Panel'. This enables users to have complete control over both the voltage and clock settings of the card. Simply touch the panel and overclocking is within your grasp. For the extreme enthusiast the voltage pin measurement is reserved for you to simply use a multi-meter to detect the core and memory voltages.
With the dual PWM fan design allied to five heat pipes ensuring the very best dissipation of heat, the 1792MB of RAM and the highest quality components used, the MSI N260GTX Lightning is the most unique and powerful GeForce GTX260 graphics card available.
Read the full MSI press release here
Discuss this in our forums here
Most Recent Comments
Read on
I quite like it tbh. nVidia comes with rebrandings (gts250) and die shrinks / dualgpu (gtx295) and ATi immediately replies with the skipping of 55nm.
ATi immediately replies with the skipping of 55nm.
Well all HD4xx0 series was based on 55nm, so no they didnt skip 55nm step. rather, Nvidia pulled it together and cought up with ati.
Zomg! Shady Dealings !??"///one1""!!!!pk0r!22 It's a renamed die shrink 4830 !!! AMD are ripping every1 off - outrageous!


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Kids' overall rating:
Salting the ocean : 100 poems by young poets
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Jerry Middlebrook, Mary Gutierrez, Robyn Rutland, Sandra Scherbenske, Jason Witherspoon, Austin Stoker, Spring Odiorne, Alison Sagebiel, Alfonso Vargas ... There are 100 poems in this book by 100 poets who wrote their poems when they were in grades one through twelve. These poets are not famous. You have not read their poems before. These poets live anywhere. They are now dentists and dancers and teachers and students and construction workers. They write with fire. They could be you.
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Dayton Honors NCAA Hockey Champs UMD Bulldogs
April 12, 2011 6:51 PM
ST. PAUL, Minn. (AP) — Gov. Mark Dayton is honoring the NCAA champion University of Minnesota Duluth Bulldogs men's hockey team.
Dayton has proclaimed Wednesday as University of Minnesota Duluth Bulldogs Day in Minnesota.
Dayton says Minnesotans are proud of the team, who worked hard to win the campus' first national championship.
The Bulldogs defeated the University of Michigan 3-2 in overtime Saturday to win the title. Minnesota native Kyle Schmidt scored the winning goal.
Duluth is scheduled to honor the team Wednesday night at AMSOIL Arena.
(© Copyright 2011 The Associated Press. All Rights Reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.)


text: Below you will find a list of discussions in the JOB OFFERS , Recruitments , Placements !! forums at the ManagementParadise.com Forums - Your MBA Online Degree Program and Management Students Forum for MBA,BMS, MMS, BMM, BBA, students & aspirants.. The JOB OFFERS , Recruitments , Placements !! forum Looking for a Job? Check this section for Job Offers !! OPPORTUNITY IS KNOCKING YOUR DOOR !!


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Identification and Health Insurance
American citizens or permanent residents of the United States require a US Passport, US Passport Card, Trusted Traveller Program Card (NEXUS or FAST/Expes), or Enhanced Drivers License to visit Canada.
For complete, updated information on document requirements for US-Canada border crossing and international travel for US citizens, please visit www.travel.state.gov or call 1-877-487-2778.
Visitors from all other countries must have valid national passports.
For more information on visiting Canada, you may wish to read Citizenship and Immigration Canada's online information on visiting Canada.
Health Insurance
Non-Canadian citizens should obtain or extend their health insurance coverage before coming to PEI on vacation. Canadian citizens will be covered under their own provincial health care plan.
If you are taking medicine prescribed by your doctor, it's a good idea to bring along a copy of your prescription (or request a refill from your doctor before you come) in case you need to have it renewed by a doctor in Canada.


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After battling cold feet on my last trip, and with an upcoming trip where temps will be much lower and the trip much longer, I have decided that I need down booties for camp. After extensive hunting, the ones that caught my eye are the Feathered Friends Down boots. I like the fact that you can take the shells off and leave the liner on - it's also nice that they come above the ankle. Just looking for any comments on them, or perhaps another lightweight system to keep feet warm in camp @ -20C or so.
The FF looks quite nice.Other options that my family has used:My daughter uses Montrail Bivouac PrimaLoft Booties which you can find on clearance for around $30). Decent, but not as warm as the FF. With a wool sock she has been fine into those temps... but she runs a bit hot. Size up one... they are too tight around the ankle otherwise.When it's -20C it's likely that I will be wearing RBH designs vapor barrier insulated socks already. I would layer over them a pair of integral designs hot socks (primaloft insulated, 4oz) with a pair of PolarWrap Insoles since the hot socks insulation compresses when you walk on them. Not as classy as the FF booties... but it gets the job done.
Edited by verber on 01/14/2008 23:27:42 MST.
Steve,You might want to give these a try.They were reviewed well on BPL.I just bought a pair and will be using them for the 1st time this upcoming weekend in the Sierras.I doubt that I would ever see temps as low as 20 Degrees, but I was attracted to them because they are light weight and are synthetic fill.If you are interested, check out the following link:http://www.40below.com/product_detail_public.php?ProductID=377I run cold and plan on using them in camp and in my 15 Degree Marmot Helium EQ to hopefully keep warm.After my trip next weekend, I will post up my experience with them.Hope this helps you.
The FF down booties are great. I have had my pair for three years, and they have reliably kept my feet warm each time I use them. The versatility of having the shells is very nice and was the reason why I bought them. They aren't cheap but of all the booties I saw, they best matched what I wanted. FF stuff is top-notch!
Mark,I'm still learning what works well for me, but I tend to take my VB socks off when I get to camp to allow my feet to "breath" during dinner and before getting into the VB in my sleeping bag. The cold feet come into effect after I put my feet back into my usually wet boots and sit around camp (ie. I stop moving). Therefore, I was thinking I would get some down booties for when I want my feet to breath and dry out. What is your opinion (or anyone with experience) with using VB's the entire time you are out. Is this the norm?Tony,40 below makes some nice stuff. I'm still deciding if I want to go a different footwear root and pick up the light energy overboots. I saw the 40 below camp booties just yesterday, but figured if I was going to go with something that is 10 oz, I would like them to go higher up the ankle. A benefit is that they are synthetic. MEC (literally across the street from me) has something similar, synthetic aswell although without all the strapping, and at about 1/2 the price and weight.http://www.mec.ca/Products/product_detail.jsp?FOLDER%3C%3Efolder_id=2534374302734361&PRODUCT%3C%3Eprd_id=845524442619876&bmUID=1200401858720However, please let me know how they work out as I am very interested.I'm only drawn to the FF booties because they seem very versatile...mid calf height, removable liner, WB shell - they just seem to offer so much more then the other options...plus they are in stock and ready to ship!Thanks guys!
So far my FF own booties have worked very well. The ability to separate the inner and outer portions makes them ideal for wearing around camp on those very cold nights. I originally got them for hammock use along with an overstuffed FF Winter Wren... and they worked great for this too. Wear the inners and when it's time to go outside just slip the Evazote soled outer portion over them.
Edited by Quoddy on 01/15/2008 07:06:34 MST.
Gentlemen,I think I am sold on these, and will order a size large. can I get a weight verification? it states that all sizes weigh 9oz....just want to make sure they aren't 12oz or something like that!
I also give my feet a bit of time out of the vapor barrier... but for me it's after I get into my sleeping bag. Sometimes they stay off all night cause my bag is plenty warm for me. They go back on if my feet are having trouble warming up after several hours. [My winter trips these days are typically short enough that I don't have to worry about moisture accumulation from insensible perspiration.]--mark
Edited by verber on 01/15/2008 12:16:58 MST.
Steve...Just weighed my FF size large and they were 276g or 9 3/4oz.
Mark, Matthew, Tony - thank you very much for the info and input.John,Thanks for the pics and the info - and for being so fast! Just ordered the last 2 large pairs FF had in stock. One pair for my buddy and one for me. No choice in colors...one yellow and one orange. Both with purple liners!
I have seen the Sierra Designs Classic Down Booties on sale for as cheap as $25. Anyone try these? I can't find a weight listed anywhere. For strictly sleeping the Classic Down Sleepies look good too. I bought a pair of the Sleepies for my wife around the house and they weigh only 3 1/4 ounces. Problems is I can't find them in the XL size for my 12 foot.
I have a pair of Sierra Designs Down Mutts. They weigh in at around 4oz for the pair.
Christopher I own the Sierra Designs Classic Down Booties they're nice for around the house but I'd go for one of the other options posted above if you're looking to use them for something more serious ;)
A lighter option --- certainly not as warm but lighter --- are the Integral Designs Hot Socks, reviewed here I believe.Mine weigh 5.0 ounces (141 grams) in size large --- that's the pair inside the supplied silnylon stuffsack. The size large are marginally large enough for my roughly size 10 feet that I can wear a reasonably thick wool sock inside, which is a nice way to have some flexibility in how warm my feet are. In warmer weather and/or in a warmer bag I might wear the hot socks just over a liner sock.If really cold, I might stuff a small section of ccf pad in at the backs of the heels. That gets a little cramped for me, but it's do-able if needed.
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Daytona Beach police are looking for a woman who robbed a bank Saturday.
Police said a woman went into the TD Bank at 1060 West International Speedway Boulevard around 9:30 a.m. Saturday.
The woman came in alone and passed a note to the teller indicating that she had a weapon, according to police.
Police said the teller handed her the money and she left although police were unable to find her.
Police are asking anyone with information to call Crimestoppers at 888-277-TIPS.


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I've never received any instruction about how to purchase bed sheets. When I realized I had to buy my own, I went to the store and found the cheapest set I could find. This was probably sufficient.
My girlfriend in college got me used to the feel of jersey cotton. That's not cotton farmed in New Jersey, but fabric that feels like a very soft tee-shirt. This is still my favorite linen for the bedroom, and it's not very expensive.
Money Magazine in its Ultimate Shopper's Guide says to ignore thread count. Also, what retailers call Egyptian cotton is no more special than American cotton. The special Egyptian cotton is known as extra-long stape (ELS).
Look for single-ply sheets made of 100% pima cotton (ELS cotton from around the world) or supima cotton (ELS cotton grown in the U.S.). For extra softness, opt for 100% cotton sateen, such as what's found in Sears' Everyday Luxe collection, which costs around $100 for a queen set.
Money's final tip: There's no need to buy anything beyond a 300 thread count.
Updated May 26, 2009 and originally published August 18, 2006. If you enjoyed this article, subscribe to the RSS feed or receive daily emails. Follow @ConsumerismComm on Twitter and visit our Facebook page for more updates.


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What kind of person makes a good CM?
The most important part of being a CM is being able to provide your roomies with fun and laughter. They are the most important part of the job. You need to ensure that they enjoy their time when playing at your bingo site.
However, this is just one part of the job. Being organised is crucial as you will be expected to deal with multiple tasks at any one time. As well as entertaining the room, you need to make sure that any new players are made to feel welcome and are comfortable using your site. If any problems arise, it's the CMs job to find a solution so you must know all the functions of your site. Throw in the need to award BBs and you could find yourself with many programs and multiple windows open. If you are not careful you could quickly lose control.
All chat teams will expect you to have a good understanding of computers and have an ability to use a range of well known software. You must have access to and be able to use Microsoft Word and Excel. Many team managers will supply you with the latest rota using Excel and additional information will likely be in Word. You will be expected to communicate using instant messaging programs, such as MSN and maybe even Skype.
As a CM you must be fair to all players, regardless of how long they have been playing on a particular site. At the same time as being friendly and entertaining, you must remain impartial at all times. Many players will not appreciate thinking that you have 'personal favourite' roomies. It must be one rule for all!
Remember that, amongst the good times, being a CM is hard work and you will often be required to work long hours. Through all this you must stay bubbly and friendly - no one wants a moody CM!
If after reading this you still think this is the job for you then don't hesitate, go for it!
All the latest CM vacancies can be found on our CM Jobs Page.


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Archive for 2009
Tech Messages | 2009-12-24
A special extended edition of Tech Messages for 2009-12-21 through 2009-12-24: Why programmers are not paid in proportion to their productivity — The Endeavour 20 Essential Gmail Tips You Probably Don't Use (but Should!) RIM: E-Mail Outage Caused by BlackBerry Messenger UpdateSounds like RIM needs to do better QA to me. "Nerd" and "Geek" Should […]
Categories: Tech Messages
Security Updates | 2009-12-23
I track security updates for the following vendors: Apple, Cisco, FreeBSD, Microsoft, Red Hat, and Sun Microsystems. I chose these vendors based on my own needs for the networks and systems I manage. I've also found that updates from these vendors tend to catch the major updates necessary for common software applications. If you have […]
Categories: Security Updates
Tech Messages | 2009-12-18
A special extended edition of Tech Messages for 2009-12-17 through 2009-12-18: MCS-7825-I2 & IBM x306m, BIOS 1.42 & 1.43 error prevents a system from booting if rebooted after October 1, 2009A defect in the HostRAID BIOS 2106 (included with System BIOS version 1.42 and 1.43) will prevent a server from booting successfully if the server […]
Categories: Tech Messages
Python CSV error on new-line character in unquoted field
I deal with a lot of people that prefer to open reports in Microsoft Excel. I've gotten used to generating CSV (comma separated value) files in Python for these folks. Ever so often, someone sends me a CSV file they have created via Excel. Invariably, I will get the following error when trying to read […]
Categories: Programming
Cisco EoL / EoS Batch #124
Welcome to the Cisco End-of-Life / End-of-Sale Announcement Batch #124. Most Cisco End-of-Life / End-of-Sale announcements include a list of product migration options. If you need help deciding which product is best for you, send me a message.
Categories: Networking


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Convicted methamphetamine manufacturer Jason E. Collier told the court he knows that buying a crucial ingredient in making the highly addictive illegal stimulant was wrong.
At the same hearing Tuesday, his attorney said his client's involvement was "minimal" and done "on behalf" of Collier's co-defendant, while essentially placing blame on the man's former live-in girlfriend and the mother of his son.
Collier, 34, of 8247 Ohio 61, Lot 3, Plymouth, was sentenced to 18 months in prison and fined $5,000 -- the mandatory minimum for illegally manufacturing methamphetamine. His driver's license also was suspended for six months.
"Mr. Woodruff hit the nail on the head," Huron County Common Pleas Judge Jim Conway said, referring to Huron County Assistant Prosecutor Richard Woodruff. "While we struggle with heroin (use) here, we don't want to do anything to encourage methamphetamine use."
Collier, in late November, pleaded guilty to a third-degree felony in exchange for the state dismissing a similar, second-degree felony.
Willard Police Detective Jeremy Draper led an investigation which lasted a little more than two weeks and involved METRICH, a 10-county drug task force. The probe resulted in the Feb. 13 arrests of Collier and his then-live-in girlfriend and co-defendant, Andrea D. Pruitt, 33.
Police and the Huron County Sheriff's Office used a search warrant at a mobile home Collier owned. Authorities called in a meth expert from METRICH, who determined the chemicals inside could be used to manufacture meth, but he later concluded they weren't in production.
Pruitt, in early May, pleaded guilty to attempted illegal manufacture of drugs. On June 29, she was ordered to complete the Christian-based Teen Challenge substance abuse program as part of her three years of intense probation.
"I believe she is in rehabilitation, drug treatment," Collier's defense attorney, Daniel Wightman, said Tuesday. "She had a very serious drug problem."
Collier and Pruitt lived together for many years.
"(My client) made several attempts to get her out of the environment he was in," Wightman said. "He wasn't using any drugs."
The couple eventually moved from South Carolina to Huron County.
Wightman said Collier, worried about their son, moved out of the mobile home he shared with Pruitt and moved in with his aunt and uncle. Collier's son now is living in South Carolina with Pruitt's mother.
"His major concern was the welfare of his son," Wightman said.
Between November 2011 and January 2012, Pruitt and Collier bought more than 9 grams of pseudoephedrine from about 12 pharmacies in Norwalk, Willard, Shelby and Mansfield. Pseudoephedrine is considered a crucial ingredient in making meth, a highly addictive illegal stimulant often cooked in homes with flammable components. According to the Ohio Revised Code, individuals are prohibited from buying more than 9 grams of pseudoephedrine within a period of 30 days.
"I am guilty of buying the pseudoephedrine for Andrea," said Collier in a brief comment Tuesday in which he said he knew what he did was wrong.


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Top Apps
- Audio & Video
- Business & Enterprise
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- Science & Engineering
- Security & Utilities
- System Administration
Hollwitz' old software
Here you find one application and five games which I made on my early days. All those files are public domain now and will work on Win95 or better.1 weekly downloads
This is a project intended to continue the qfg series. Unfortunately it is a text based game.0 weekly downloads
SOL Commander
SOL Commander is a manager of small businesses, The Project was started by CMS Society on 03/06/2008 and the date set for the publication from the first version for distribution (Paris II) will be in 06/07/2008.0 weekly downloads


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Best of Sport
Cherry Creek sophomore defenseman Dylan Johnson scrambles away from a... NachrichtenfotoDenver,Halbfinale,Horizontal,Jungen,Kind,Kraxeln,Lacrosse,Spielen,Sport,USA,Verteidiger - EishockeyPhotographer Daniel PettyCollection: Denver Post Copyright - 2013 The Denver Post, MediaNews Group.DENVER, CO - MAY 15: Cherry Creek sophomore defenseman Dylan Johnson #28 scrambles away from a Kent Denver player during a CHSAA 5A boys lacrosse semifinal at All City Stadium on May 15, 2013, in Denver, Colorado. Cherry Creek won 12-6 to advance to the finals against Arapahoe High School. (Photo by Daniel Petty/The Denver Post via Getty Images)