text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Mar 2, 1999
|Filing date
|Mar 20, 1995
|Priority date
|Mar 20, 1995
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|David G. Shaw, Daniel S. Cline, Eric P. Dawson, Marc Langlois
|Original Assignee
|Catalina Coatings, Inc.
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (17), Non-Patent Citations (4), Referenced by (122), Classifications (27), Legal Events (8)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This invention relates to formation of a multicolor interference coating for a transparent or opaque substrate. The coating material is an acrylate polymer and different colors are obtained by having different thicknesses of transparent coating in adjacent areas.
Interest has developed in recent years in the protection of currency and other documents from counterfeiting by use of interference filters. The color variations available from interference filters cannot be duplicated by copying machines. The specialized equipment needed for producing the interference filters is not readily available to counterfeiters. Thus, it has been proposed to mark Canadian currency with multicolored interference filter patterns to inhibit counterfeiting. See, for example, "Optical Interference Coatings for Inhibiting Counterfeiting" by J. A. Dobrowolski, et al., Optica Acta, 1973, 20, No. 12, pp. 925-937 and U.S. Pat. No. 5,009,486 by Dobrowolski, et al.
Interference filters have been known for decades, as seen, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 2,590,906 by Tripp. A typical interference filter has a largely reflective metal film on a smooth substrate. The reflective film is overlain by a thin layer of transparent dielectric material. The filter is completed by a semi-reflective metal layer over the dielectric. A transparent protective coating may be applied over the reflective coating, but does not form part of the interference filter itself.
When an incident light beam encounters the front semi-reflective coating of the interference filter, one fraction of the light is reflected and the other fraction passes through the semi-reflective layer into the dielectric. The transmitted portion of the beam is then reflected by the back reflective layer and retransmitted through the dielectric. A fraction of the reflected wave passes through the semi-reflective front layer where it may constructively or destructively interfere with the reflected light.
The thickness of the dielectric material is a small multiple of a quarter wavelength of light for constructive interference (allowing for the index of refraction of the dielectric material). Thus, when light is reflected from the interference filter, light with the appropriate wavelength has the reflected and transmitted beams in phase for constructive interference. Light of other colors has at least partial destructive interference. Thus, when a reflective interference filter is observed in white light, it reflects a strong characteristic color.
The interference filter has a desirable characteristic as an anti-counterfeiting measure. The color reflected from the filter depends on the path length of light passing through the dielectric material. When the filter is observed with light at normal incidence, a certain color, for example blue, is seen. When the angle of incidence and reflection from the interference filter is more acute, the total path length through the dielectric material is longer than for normal incidence. Thus, when the interference filter is observed at an angle nearer grazing incidence, a longer wavelength color, for example purple, is observed. Such a characteristic change of color, depending on the angle of viewing the interference filter, cannot be reproduced by copying machines.
A similar effect for transmission of a light can be obtained when the interference filter has a thin dielectric sandwiched between two partially reflective layers. One type of interference filter is sometimes referred to as a quarter-wave plate because of its characteristic thickness of 1/4 wavelength.
To make it even more difficult for counterfeiters, it has been proposed to use interference filter layers having different thicknesses in different areas. Since the color of light reflected from an interference filter is a function of the thickness of the dielectric material, one can thereby achieve a multicolor effect by having different areas of the filter with different thicknesses.
The Dobrowolski concept is to produce an interference filter using an inorganic optical coating material, such as those listed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,009,486. A layer of such material is deposited with a certain thickness. A mask is superimposed and a second layer of that material is deposited over a portion of the first layer. Collectively, these two layers define areas of differing thicknesses and hence, different interference colors.
Such a technique is costly. The metal and dielectric layers are typically deposited on a thin film polyester substrate by a sputtering technique at a rate of about 3 to 10 meters per minute movement of the film past the deposition stations. Much faster deposition is desirable. Furthermore, two separate deposition steps with intervening masking of the surface must be performed to provide the two layers of dielectric which collectively provide a color difference.
It would be desirable to enhance the rate of formation of an interference filter by at least an order of magnitude as compared with the inorganic dielectric materials previously used. It is also highly desirable to provide varying thickness of the dielectric material in the interference filter in a single deposition step for forming a monolithic layer of differing thickness. It is also desirable to deposit the interference filter material in predetermined patterns of differing color.
There is, therefore, provided in practice of this invention according to a presently preferred embodiment, a multicolor interference filter having a monolithic acrylate polymer film deposited on a substrate with sufficient thickness to produce interference color. A predetermined area of the acrylate film has a thickness different from a second area of the film adjacent to the predetermined area. Thus, the predetermined area has a different color from the adjacent area.
An interference color coating is made by evaporating an acrylate monomer having a molecular weight in the range of from 150 to 600 and condensing the acrylate monomer on a substrate as a monomer film. To promote adhesion, it is preferred that the acrylate monomer have a molecular weight to acrylate group ratio in the range of from 150 to 400. The acrylate is polymerized for forming a film having a thickness sufficient for producing an interference color. At least partially reflective coatings are provided on both faces of the polymer film. One of the coatings may be substantially completely reflective.
A number of different techniques may be used for forming a predetermined area of the film with a different thickness than the adjacent area. For example, controlling the temperature of the substrate to be different in different areas controls the efficiency of deposition and, hence, thickness of the deposited film. The film shrinks as it polymerizes and one may vary the degree of polymerization in different areas to achieve different shrinkage and, hence, thickness. Polymerization of the film may be induced by electron beam or ultraviolet radiation and the degree of polymerization is controlled by the total exposure to such radiation. Simply depositing the film with different thicknesses in adjacent areas is convenient for forming multicolored stripes, for example.
These and other features and advantages of the present invention will be appreciated as the same becomes better understood by reference to the following detailed description when considered in connection with the accompanying drawings, wherein:
FIG. 1 is a fragmentary transverse schematic cross-section of a reflective multicolor interference filter constructed according to principles of this invention;
FIG. 2 is a transverse cross-section of a multicolor interference filter with adhesive for transfer to another substrate;
FIG. 3 is a transverse cross-section of a transmission multicolor interference filter;
FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of coating apparatus for forming a multicolor interference filter;
FIG. 5 is a schematic illustration of an evaporation nozzle;
FIG. 6 is a graph illustrating condensation efficiency as a function of temperature;
FIG. 7 is a fragmentary view of the face of a drum with varying thermal properties;
FIG. 8 illustrates a color pattern obtained from a drum as illustrated in FIG. 7;
FIG. 9 is a fragmentary view of the face of a drum with recessed areas;
FIG. 10 is a schematic illustration of additional coating apparatus;
FIG. 11 illustrates a mask for an electron gun or other radiation source for polymerizing an acrylate film;
FIG. 12 illustrates a fragment of a moveable mask for a radiation source;
FIG. 13 illustrates another variety of evaporation nozzle; and
FIG. 14 illustrates another embodiment of interference filter constructed according to principles of this invention.
FIG. 1 illustrates in fragmentary transverse cross-section a thin film reflective interference filter. It will become apparent that this is a schematic illustration where the thicknesses of the various layers of the filter are exaggerated for clarity of illustration.
The reflective interference filter is deposited on a sheet substrate 10 having a smooth surface. The substrate is typically a thin sheet of material such as polyester, polypropylene or kraft paper. Thin flexible substrates are desirable for high speed coating where a roll of the substrate material can be continuously coated in a vacuum apparatus. Clearly, with a sacrifice in coating speed, thin films may be coated onto rigid substrates.
The substrate is first coated with a thin metal layer 11 which is largely opaque and reflective. At least 75% reflectivity is preferable. Any easily deposited metal may be used for the reflective layer such as aluminum, chromium, nickel, nickel-chromium alloy, stainless steel, silver, or the like. Essentially colorless metals are preferred over metals having inherent color such as copper. Typically, the opaque reflective metal layer has a thickness in the range of from 200 to 2000 Ångstroms.
A thin layer 12 of transparent dielectric material is deposited on the reflective layer. The thickness of the dielectric layer and its index of refraction determine the path length of light through the filter and hence, the color of light reflected. As can be seen at the left side of FIG. 1, a predetermined area of the dielectric layer is formed with a thickness t1 which is different from the thickness t2 of an adjacent area illustrated at the right in FIG. 1. Both of these thicknesses, t1 and t2 are in a range from about 700 to 10,000 Å and preferably in a range of from about 800 to 4000 Å. Such thicknesses are in a range for producing an interference color from the filter. The preferred dielectric material is a monolithic acrylate polymer as described hereinafter.
The next layer in the interference filter is a layer 13 of metal thin enough to be semi-transparent. Again, the metal layer may be any metal which is conveniently deposited as a thin film such as, for example, aluminum, chromium, nickel, nickel-chromium alloy, stainless steel, or silver. Chromium is a particularly preferred material since it can be deposited readily with a controlled reflectivity and is resistant to corrosion. The semi-transparent (or semi-reflective) layer is at least 25% transparent and is preferably about 50% transparent and 50% reflective. Typical thickness of the layer is about 50 to 200 Å.
The two metal layers may be deposited by any conventional deposition technique such as vacuum metalizing, or sputtering. Generally speaking, it is desirable to prepare the substrate for subsequent coatings by first depositing the reflective metal layer. Polyester film pre-coated with aluminum or other metal is commercially available and forms a suitable substrate.
After forming the interference filter with the two reflective metal layers spaced apart by a transparent dielectric, the thin films may be protected by a deposited superstrate 14. The superstrate is a material that provides abrasion resistance and may have a surface that is susceptible to receipt of inks for printing over the filter. It can be either an organic or inorganic material deposited by conventional roller coating or vapor deposition. A preferred material is an acrylic with a thickness of 2 micrometers or more.
The acrylate layer forming the dielectric material 12 of the filter is preferably deposited in the form of vaporized acrylate monomer. The monomer film is irradiated with ultraviolet or an electron beam to cause polymerization of the acrylate to form a monolithic film. Polymerization by irradiation is a conventional practice and the electron flux required or wavelength and total flux of ultraviolet used are commonly known.
Evaporation of the monomer is preferably from flash evaporation apparatus as described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,722,515, 4,696,719, 4,842,893, 4,954,371 and 5,097,800. These patents also describe polymerization of acrylate by radiation. In such flash evaporation apparatus, liquid acrylate monomer is injected into a heated chamber as 1 to 50 micrometer droplets. The elevated temperature of the chamber vaporizes the droplets to produce a monomer vapor. The monomer vapor fills a generally cylindrical chamber with a longitudinal slot forming a nozzle through which the monomer vapor flows. A typical chamber behind the nozzle is a cylinder about 10 centimeters diameter with a length corresponding to the width of the substrate on which the monomer is condensed. The walls of the chamber may be maintained at a temperature in the order of 200� to 320� C.
Two styles of evaporator are suitable. In one of them, the orifice for injecting droplets and flash evaporator are connected to one end of the nozzle cylinder. In the other style, the injector and flash evaporator section is attached in the center of the nozzle chamber like a T.
A group of acrylate resins employed for making the dielectric layer are monomers having a molecular weight in the range of from 150 to 600. Preferably the monomers have a molecular weight in the range of from 200 to 300. If the molecular weight is too low, the monomer is too volatile and does not condense well for forming a monomer film. Monomer that does not condense on the desired substrate may foul vacuum pumps and hinder operation of an electron gun used for polymerizing the resin. If the molecular weight is too great, the monomer does not evaporate readily in the flash evaporator at temperatures safely below the decomposition temperature of the monomer.
When the monomers polymerize, there may be shrinkage of the film. Excessive shrinkage may cause poor adhesion of the film on the substrate. As will be explained hereinafter, some shrinkage is desirable in certain embodiments of this invention. Adhesion of the film to the substrate is also dependent on thickness of the film. A thin film may tolerate greater shrinkage without loss of adhesion than a thick film. Shrinkage up to about 15 to 20% can be tolerated in the thin films used in the dielectric layer of the interference filter.
To obtain low shrinkage, there should be a relatively low crosslink density. High crosslink density monomers such as hexane diol diacrylate (HDDA) and trimethylol propane diacrylate (TMPTA) have poor adhesion to metal. A way of defining crosslink density and shrinkage is to consider the size of the molecule and the number of acrylate groups per molecule.
Preferably, the acrylate monomer has an average molecular weight to acrylate group ratio in the range of from 150 to 400. In other words, if the acrylate is a monoacrylate, the molecular weight is in the range of from 150 to 400. (Actually, it is preferred that the molecular weight of a monoacrylate be greater than 200 for other reasons.) On the other hand, if a diacrylate is used, the molecular weight may be in the range of from 300 to 800. As described hereinafter, blends of acrylates of differing functionality and molecular weights may also be used. In that case, the average molecular weight to acrylate group ratio should be in the range of from 150 to 400. This range of values provides sufficiently low shrinkage of the acrylate layer upon curing that good adhesion is obtained. If the molecular weight to acrylate group ratio is too high, there may be excessive shrinkage and poor adhesion to a metal layer.
Some examples of the ratio are as follows:
______________________________________trimethylol propane diacrylate 98hexane diol diacrylate 113beta carboxy ethyl acrylate 144tripropylene glycol diacrylate 150polyethylene glycol diacrylate 151tripropylene glycol methyl 260ether monoacrylate______________________________________
A 50/50 blend of tripropylene glycol diacrylate and tripropylene glycol methyl ether monoacrylate has an average ratio of 205. Higher molecular weight materials may be blended with beta carboxy ethyl acrylate (BCEA) to provide a suitable average molecular weight material.
Suitable acrylates not only have a molecular weight in the appropriate range, they also have a "chemistry" that does not hinder adhesion. Generally, more polar acrylates have better adhesion than less polar monomers. Long hydrocarbon chains may hinder adhesion. For example, lauryl acrylate has a long chain that is hypothesized to be aligned away from the substrate and hinder polymerization, leading to relatively poor adhesion on most substrates.
A typical monomer used for flash evaporation includes an appreciable amount of diacrylate and/or triacrylate to promote polymerization. Blends of acrylates may be employed for obtaining desired evaporation and condensation characteristics and adhesion, and for controlled shrinkage of the deposited film during polymerization.
Suitable monomers are those that can be flash evaporated in a vacuum chamber at a temperature below the thermal decomposition temperature of the monomer and below a temperature at which polymerization occurs in less than a few seconds at the evaporation temperature. The mean time of monomer in the flash evaporation apparatus is typically less than one second. Thermal decomposition, or polymerization are to be avoided to minimize fouling of the evaporation apparatus. The monomers selected should also be readily capable of cross-linking when exposed to ultraviolet or electron beam radiation.
The monomer composition may comprise a mixture of monoacrylates and diacrylates. Triacrylates tend to be reactive and may polymerize at the evaporation temperatures, but may be useful in blends. Depending on the techniques used for making a multicolored interference filter, a high or low shrinkage film may be desirable. Generally speaking, the shrinkage is reduced with higher molecular weight materials. Blends of monomers with different shrinkage characteristics may be employed for obtaining a desired shrinkage. Generally, for good adhesion to a metal film a low shrinkage is desirable.
Preferably, the molecular weight of the acrylate monomer is in the range of from 200 to 300. If the molecular weight is less than about 200, the monomer evaporates readily, but may not condense quantitatively on the substrate without chilling of the substrate. If the molecular weight is more than about 300, the monomers become increasingly difficult to evaporate and higher evaporation temperatures are required.
There are about five monoacrylates, ten diacrylates, ten to fifteen triacrylates and two or three tetraacrylates which may be included in the composition. A particularly good acrylate is a 50:50 blend of TRPGDA and tripropylene glycol methyl ether monoacrylate with a molecular weight of about 260 (available as Henkel 8061).
Exemplary acrylates which may be used, sometimes in combination, include monoacrylates 2-phenoxy ethyl acrylate (M.W. 192), isobornyl acrylate (M.W. 208) and lauryl acrylate (M.W. 240), diacrylates diethylene glycol diacrylate (M.W. 214), neopentyl glycol diacrylate (M.W. 212) and polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA) (M.W. 151) or tetraethylene glycol diacrylate (M.W. 302), triacrylates trimethylol propane triacrylate (M.W. 296) and pentaerythritol triacrylate (M.W. 298), monomethacrylates isobornyl methacrylate (M.W. 222) and 2-phenoxyethyl acrylate (M.W. 206) and dimethacrylates triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (M.W. 286) and 1,6-hexanediol dimethacrylate (M.W. 254).
As has been mentioned, the nozzle for the flash evaporator typically comprises a slot extending longitudinally along the evaporator chamber. In an exemplary evaporator, the nozzle slot may have a width in the range of from 0.75 to 1 mm. The surface of a substrate on which the monomer is condensed may be moved past the nozzle at a distance from the nozzle of about 2 to 4 mm. Typical speed of traverse of the substrate past the nozzle is in the order of 150 to 300 meters per minute.
FIG. 2 is a fragmentary cross-section of another embodiment of interference filter constructed according to this invention. In this embodiment there is a temporary substrate 16, such as a polyester film on which there is a thin release layer 17, such as a wax or silicone. A superstrate material 18 is deposited on the temporary substrate over the release layer by a technique such as flash evaporation of an acrylate monomer. The acrylate monomer is polymerized by irradiation.
A semi-reflective metal layer 19 is then deposited on the superstrate. Thereafter, a transparent dielectric layer 21 of polymerized acrylate is formed as described above. Preferably a predetermined area of the dielectric layer has a first thickness t1 while an adjacent area has a different thickness t2. An opaque reflective metal layer 22 is deposited over the dielectric. The reflective metal layer 22, dielectric layer 21 and semi-reflective metal layer 19 form an interference filter. A permanent substrate material 23 is deposited on the opaque metal layer. Finally a layer 24 of pressure-sensitive adhesive is placed over the permanent substrate.
This embodiment of interference filter is useful for transfer to a substrate that is not conveniently handled in a vacuum system or for application to small areas of a larger substrate, such as, for example, marking limited areas on currency. When this interference filter is used, the pressure-sensitive adhesive is applied to the desired substrate and the temporary substrate 16 is peeled off. This leaves the superstrate 18 exposed and the interference filter is then essentially like that described and illustrated in FIG. 1.
A part of the layers just described may be used without the pressure-sensitive adhesive to form a pigment. In such an embodiment a thin protective layer of acrylate similar to the superstrate material is deposited over a release layer and polymerized. A metal layer is then deposited on the protective layer and a transparent layer of polymerized acrylate is formed as described above. A second metal layer is deposited over the acrylate and a final protective layer of acrylate is added over the metal. At least one of the metal layers is semi-reflective and both may be semi-reflective. The sandwich of acrylate, metal, acrylate, metal and acrylate forms a protected interference filter. This sandwich can be removed from the release layer and broken up to form colored pigment flakes.
FIG. 3 illustrates another embodiment of interference filter which may be viewed from either face. A substrate 26, such as a polyester film is coated with a thin enough layer 27 of metal that the layer is semi-reflective. A dielectric layer 28 having one thickness t1 in a predetermined area and a different thickness t2 in adjacent areas is formed on the semi-reflective metal. A second semi-reflective metal layer 29 is deposited over the dielectric layer and is protected by an overlying superstrate 31 of polymerized acrylate. The two semi-reflective layers 27 and 29, preferably each reflect about 50% and transmit about 50% of the light incident thereon. The semi-reflective layers and the intervening dielectric layer form an interference filter which provides a multi-color appearance from either face of the sheet.
A flexible substrate material is preferable for any of these embodiments of multicolor interference filter since a sheet of such material can be rapidly coated with the multiple layers described above. A suitable apparatus for coating the substrate is illustrated schematically in FIG. 4. All of the coating equipment is positioned in a conventional vacuum chamber 36. A roll of polyester sheet coated on one face with a reflective layer of aluminum is mounted on a pay-out reel 38. The sheet 39 is wrapped around a rotatable drum 37 and fed to a take-up reel 41. Idler rolls 42 are employed, as appropriate, for guiding the sheet material from the pay-out reel to the drum and to the take-up reel.
A flash evaporator 43 as hereinabove described is mounted in proximity to the drum at a first coating station. The flash evaporator deposits a layer or film of acrylate monomer on the substrate sheet as it travels around the drum. After being coated with acrylate monomer the substrate sheet passes an irradiation station where the acrylate is irradiated by a source 44 such as an electron gun or source of ultraviolet radiation. A movable mask 46 may be positioned on rollers for movement through the gap between the radiation source and the drum in synchronism with rotation of the drum. The radiation induces polymerization of the acrylate monomer.
The sheet then passes a metalization station 47 where a semi-reflective coating of metal is applied by vacuum metalizing or sputtering. This completes the interference filter. The sheet then passes another flash evaporator 48 where another layer of acrylate monomer is deposited for forming a superstrate. This layer of monomer is cured by irradiation from an ultraviolet or electron beam source 49 adjacent the drum.
There are a variety of techniques for producing different thicknesses of dielectric layer in different areas of the interference filter. Broadly there are two categories of techniques. One is to condense different amounts of monomer in different areas of the dielectric layer to produce different thicknesses directly. Several techniques are suitable for this. Alternatively, one may deposit a uniform thickness of monomer in all areas and then shrink the film thickness to different extents in different areas. As has been mentioned above, the acrylate monomer shrinks upon polymerization. By controlling the degree of polymerization of the film, the thickness of the dielectric layer may be controlled. Again there are different techniques for accomplishing this.
FIG. 5 illustrates schematically an arrangement for depositing different thicknesses of acrylate monomer on different portions of a substrate. In this embodiment there is an elongated slot 51 forming a nozzle along the length of a flash evaporator chamber 52. Instead of having a uniform width along the length of the nozzle, there are alternating narrow regions 53 and regions of wide slot 54. As will be apparent, more acrylate is evaporated through the wide portions 54 of the nozzle than through the narrower portions. As a consequence, as the substrate moves past the nozzle (perpendicular to the length of the nozzle) alternating thick and thin stripes of acrylate monomers are deposited. Because of the differences in thickness in the resulting dielectric layer, alternating stripes of color such as pale green and pink are obtained.
Such a nozzle with alternating wide and narrow areas may be held stationary as the sheet moves to produce parallel stripes. Alternatively, such a nozzle may be moved longitudinally as the sheet moves past it and produce a zigzag pattern of colors from the interference filter.
A somewhat analogous technique may be used for obtaining differing thicknesses in different areas of the interference filter by differential polymerization of a uniform thickness of monomer. The similarity can be seen by reference to FIG. 11 which illustrates a source of radiation 56 such as an ultraviolet lamp or an electron beam gun. A mask 57 is interposed between the radiation source and the substrate with the monomer film to be polymerized (not shown in FIG. 11). A slot 58 with alternating wide and narrow areas in the mask permits passage of greater or lesser amounts of radiation. Where the greater total flux of radiation impinges on the monomer, there is a greater degree of polymerization than in adjacent areas where the total flux of radiation is less. Because of the inherent shrinkage of the monomer upon polymerization, the areas with greater total energy of irradiation are thinner than the areas with less total radiation (and polymerization). Parallel stripes of different colors are thereby obtained from the interference filter.
It should be apparent that by combining a nozzle with different widths of slot and a radiation source with different widths of mask in appropriate alignments, three or four different colors of stripes can be obtained from an interference filter. Furthermore, the slots in masks for deposition or polymerization may have three or more widths instead of just two for additional color variation.
Simply having colored stripes from a multicolor interference filter may not be considered sufficient for some purposes. The movable belt mask 46, illustrated in FIG. 5 and again in FIG. 12, may be used for producing any of a broad variety of multicolor patterns. In the schematic illustration of FIG. 12 such a movable mask has apertures 61 in the form of stars and windows 62 in the form of rectangles. Just as an example, the star shaped apertures may be semi-transparent areas in an otherwise opaque belt. The rectangular windows may be completely transparent.
Such a mask is moved in synchronism with rotation of the drum and the coating apparatus. An ultraviolet light 41 behind the mask provides full irradiation through the rectangular areas and partial radiation through the starshaped areas. When such a mask is used it is desirable to employ an additional source of radiation (not shown) in series with the ultraviolet lamp so that all of the monomer receives at least a minimum level of radiation.
It will be apparent that in such an embodiment the dielectric layer will have three different thicknesses. Most of the area irradiated by another source of radiation has a limited degree of polymerization and hence is relatively thicker. The full irradiation through the open windows 62 produces rectangular areas on the dielectric filter which are completely polymerized and hence shrink to the minimum thickness. The intermediate level of irradiation through the star shaped openings 61, produces intermediate polymerization and intermediate thickness. The resulting interference filter has three different colors.
A similar type of mask, having completely open windows in an otherwise impermeable belt, may be moved between a flash evaporator and the rotating drum. The areas opposite the star and rectangular shaped openings are coated with a layer of monomer. Another flash evaporator either upstream or downstream from the one occulted by the movable mask, deposits a uniform layer of monomer on the substrate. The resulting different thicknesses of deposited monomer are then polymerized for producing a monolithic acrylate film having different thicknesses in different areas, hence with a two dimensional multicolor pattern.
Another way of varying the thickness of acrylate monomer on the substrate is by controlling the efficiency of condensation. The efficiency of condensation of the monomer is highly dependent on the temperature of the substrate on which the monomer impinges. The effect of temperature depends on the particular monomer. An exemplary indication of the efficiency as a function of temperature is illustrated in the graph of FIG. 6. At low temperatures such as close to 0� C., there is essentially 100% efficiency and all of the monomer condenses. At a somewhat higher temperature, such as for example, 25� C., little, if any, of the monomer actually condenses on the substrate. It can be seen that in some temperature ranges the efficiency of condensation is quite sensitive to relatively small changes in temperature.
This temperature effect on efficiency of condensation is exploited for producing films with monomer having different thicknesses in different areas of the interference filter. A low temperature substrate with high efficiency of condensation produces a relatively thicker dielectric layer whereas a somewhat higher temperature area with less efficient condensation produces a relatively thinner dielectric layer. A number of techniques may be used for varying the temperature of the substrate.
One way is to employ a movable mask, such as illustrated in FIG. 12 immediately upstream from the flash evaporator which applies the acrylate monomer which becomes the dielectric film. An infrared lamp behind the mask irradiates areas on the substrate which absorb the infrared radiation and are thereby heated. The higher temperature areas have less efficient condensation and hence a thinner layer of monomer than adjacent cooler areas.
Because the efficiency of condensation changes rather steeply in the general vicinity of ambient temperatures and since the flash evaporation and irradiation tend to raise the temperature of the substrate, it is desirable to refrigerate the roll of substrate until it is placed on the pay-out reel in the coating apparatus. It is also desirable to cool the rotating drum, such as for example, with chilled water, so that the substrate remains at a low temperature.
FIG. 7 illustrates a fragment of the surface of a cooled drum 63 which supports a thin sheet substrate (not shown) as it moves through a coating apparatus. A number of ordinary paper stars 64 are glued onto the surface of the drum. The substrate wrapped around the drum during coating is in good thermal contact with the drum between the stars. Where the paper stars intervene between the surface of the drum and the substrate, the temperature of the substrate is higher since the substrate is insulated from the cooling drum. As a consequence of this thermal insulation and differential thermal pattern, there is a relatively thinner layer of monomer adjacent the stars and a relatively thicker layer elsewhere on the substrate. This results in a multicolor interference filter.
FIG. 8 illustrates the effect achieved in an actual experiment where paper stars were glued on the surface of a water-cooled drum. In the area of the star the interference filter produces a gold color with flecks of red or magenta. The color, of course, depends on the angle from which the interference pattern is observed. The colors mentioned are for observation at approximately normal incidence. When viewed at about 45� the color of the star is seen as a blue-green color. Surrounding the star is a halo 66 which is a blue or blue-green color. Surrounding the halo is a band 67 of generally gold color with a reddish hue along the center of the band. The balance of the area of the interference filter which was in better thermal contact with the drum is blue or purple in color. It is hypothesized that the band with a color resembling that of the star may be due to a half wavelength change in thickness of the dielectric layer.
FIG. 9 illustrates another way of controlling the temperature of sheet substrate. FIG. 9 illustrates a fragment of the surface 68 of a water-cooled drum. The surface is covered with a pattern of shallow recesses 69. When the thin sheet is wrapped around the drum, it is in good thermal contact with the surface 68, but is spaced apart from the drum surface opposite the recesses. The vacuum in the coating apparatus is an excellent insulator, and the areas over the recesses are essentially uncooled, whereas the areas in contact with the surface of the drum are cooled. The resulting differential temperature pattern results in differing efficiency of condensation of monomer on the substrate, hence differing thicknesses of dielectric layer in the interference filter.
A very simple pattern of diagonal squares is illustrated for the recesses, but it will be apparent that any desired recess pattern may be generated on the surface of the drum.
Such a drum is also useful in an embodiment where there is differential polymerization, hence differential shrinkage in a monomer. When the monomer is polymerized by an electron beam, the areas of the substrate in contact with the surface 68 of the drum are well grounded. The areas opposite the recesses 69 are not as well grounded and develop an electrostatic charge which tends to repel the electron beam. The resulting differences in total irradiation of the electron beam on the monomer result in differences in polymerization in the dielectric layer. The resulting shrinkage differences produce multicolored images.
Electrical grounding may also be used in a different way in an electron gun, particularly for forming stripes of color along a moving sheet. The electron beam in a gun is accelerated by a potential difference between the electron source and an accelerating screen. By varying the effectiveness of the grounding of the screen, the electron beam can have different total flux in different areas and hence produce differential polymerization.
It will also be apparent that an electron gun may have a narrow steerable beam which can be used to "write" on the monomer film for producing any desired image in multiple colors. A particularly desirable way of doing this is with an electron gun that scans across the moving substrate perpendicular to the direction of travel of the substrate. The intensity of the electron beam is modulated as a function of time during the scan for producing variable polymerization and, in effect, scans across the film. Such a technique is quite analogous to producing a television image with a raster scan and quite intricate multicolor patterns can be produced in an interference filter.
FIG. 10 illustrates another technique for preparing thermal imprints on a thin sheet substrate 71 before flash evaporation of an acrylate monomer. In this coating apparatus, a refrigerated roll of substrate is placed on a pay-out reel 72 in a vacuum system 73. The substrate passes through the apparatus past a number of coating and curing stations and is wound onto a take-up reel 74.
The substrate 71 first passes a metalization station 76 where one of the metal layers for forming the interference filter is deposited by vacuum metalizing or sputtering. The thin film then passes through a thermal imprinting station where the surface to receive the acrylate monomer is passed between a backing roll 77 and a thermal imprinting roll 78. An exemplary thermal imprinting roll has raised areas of relatively low conductivity rubber which engaged the surface of the substrate. The rubber raised areas are contacted by a heated roll 79. The heated roll elevates the temperature of the raised areas on the imprinting roll and the resulting thermal pattern is "printed" onto the substrate. Alternatively, the imprinting roller 78 may itself be heated or cooled for imposing a differential temperature pattern on the substrate.
The substrate, which retains the thermal pattern temporarily in the vacuum, next passes a flash evaporation station 80 where an acrylate monomer is condensed on the substrate. As pointed out above, the differential temperature results in different thicknesses of monomer being deposited on the substrate. The substrate then passes a radiation source 81 where ultraviolet or an electron beam polymerizes the monomer. The film then passes the final metalization station 82 where the second metal layer is deposited. Additional stations may be included if desired for adding a protective superstrate, etc.
A multicolor interference filter can be made by evaporating acrylate monomer through a longitudinal slot 84 as illustrated in FIG. 13 with intermittent areas 85 where the slot is essentially blocked. Such a nozzle produces a coating having two colors. For example, in one experiment, the coating opposite an open area 84 of the slot was gold, with a bright blue line about 7 mm wide opposite the blocked area 85. The dielectric layer opposite the blocked slot was considerably thinner than the gold area adjacent to the blue stripe.
In another experiment, the temperature of the coating drum was changed rapidly during deposition. The drum temperature was lowered rapidly from about 20� C. to about 0� C. The polyester film that was in contact with the drum experienced a temperature change which was a reflection of the changing temperature of the drum. As the drum cooled, the color from the resultant interference filter changed from purple, to blue, to yellow.
The color patterns developed by pasting paper stars on a water cooled drum have been illustrated in FIG. 8. In this experiment, the paper stars were either 75 or 150 micrometers thick and about 9.5 mm wide.
The variation in thickness due to differential shrinkage upon polymerization of the acrylate was demonstrated by varying the electron flux from an electron gun. This was done by varying the grounding condition of the accelerating screen through which the electrons pass. A greater electron flux is emitted through areas where the screen is well grounded. Thus, there is a curtain of electrons with alternating lanes of heavy and light flux.
Due to the alternating high and low flux zones, the degree of polymerization of the acrylate differed. In these examples, the polyester film substrate was 50 cm. wide. In one experiment three pink stripes were interleaved with three light green stripes. Similarly, alternating blue and gold stripes were produced with a different thickness of dielectric layer. By tripling the number of grounding points on the electron gun screen the number of stripes with varying electron density was tripled and twice as many narrower color stripes produced.
FIG. 14 illustrates another embodiment of interference filter constructed according to principles of this invention. In this embodiment color is obtained by having multiple transparent layers which are alternately materials with high index of refraction and low index of refraction, respectively. Interference effects due to changes in index of refraction between the layers provide color for either a reflective or transparent object.
Such an object comprises a substrate 90 which may be transparent or opaque as required for a particular application. The substrate on which the multiple layers of acrylate are deposited may be either a rigid object or a flexible sheet substrate. If desired, a metal layer (not shown) may be applied over the substrate for greater reflectance. A plurality of alternating layers of low refractive index material 91 and high refractive index material 92 are deposited on the substrate. As pointed out above, the thicknesses of the high and low refractive index materials may be varied in different areas of the object to provide different colors, and in any case are appreciably less than one micron.
The acrylate employed for depositing the several layers are selected for their compatibility and index of refraction. Generally speaking, the fluorinated acrylates tend to have a low refractive index and are suitable for the low index layers. An exemplary high index material comprises a bisphenol A diacrylate. It is preferred that the acrylate monomer have a molecular weight to acrylate group ratio in the range of from 150 to 400. As few as two layers may be sufficient where a hint of color is sufficient. Generally, however, several layers of alternating high and low index of refraction are employed.
Although a substantial number of methods for forming a multicolor interference filter, have been described and illustrated herein, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that additional embodiments can readily be devised. Other techniques may be used for depositing nonuniform layers of acrylate dielectric for producing desired color patterns. Similarly, other techniques may be used for controlling shrinkage of a condensed film of monomer by controlling the degree of polymerization. It is therefore to be understood that within the scope of the appended claims, this invention may be practiced otherwise than as specifically described.
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|U.S. Classification
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|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Mar 20, 1995
Owner name: CATALINA COATINGS, INC.
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:SHAW, DAVID G.;CLINE, DANIEL S.;DAWSON, ERIC P.;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:007413/0935
Effective date: 19950314
|Oct 6, 1998
Owner name: DELTA V TECHNOLOGIES, INC., AN ARIZONA CORPORATION
Free format text: CHANGE OF NAME;ASSIGNOR:CATALINA COATINGS, INC., AN ARIZONA CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:009479/0654
Effective date: 19971112
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|Jun 18, 2001
|Aug 30, 2002
|Fee payment
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|Sep 17, 2002
|Maintenance fee reminder mailed
|Sep 5, 2006
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 8
|Aug 11, 2010
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 12


text:
Thick low dropping filter sweep with ring modulation from a Clavia Nord Modular synth.
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
Japanese Baseball Cheerleaders
The cheerleading squads in the Nippon Baseball League are much larger than those of their Korean counterparts and their routines are more elaborately choreographed. Watching the official cheerleaders for the Orix Buffaloes, the "Bs Dreams" in action (above) is evidence of that.
EDIT: The above video has been deleted from Youtube, but you can view the original post and video here.
10 of the 12 teams in the NBL have official cheerleaders, also called dance teams. (The Hanshin Tigers and Hiroshima Toyo Carp need to get with the program.) Below are just some of the ladies from each of those 10 squads, and all of the spellings are 100% accurate.
Team Venus (Yomiuri Giants)
Cheer Dragons (Chunichi Dragons)
Swallows Wings (Tokyo Yukult Swallows)
Diana (Yokohama Bay Stars)
Fighters Girl (Hokkaido Nippon-Ham Fighters)
Golden Angels (Tohoku Rakuten Golden Eagles)
Honeys (Fukuoka Softbank Hawks)
Blue Winds (Saitama Seibu Lions)
M☆Splash!! (Chiba Lotte Marines)
Bs Dreams (Orix Buffaloes)
Hey, Youtube cameraman. Use the zoom next time, will ya?! lol
They seem very well organized. And damn sexy!
I'm afraid I can't pick just one team...
Can't decide if I prefer the B's short shorts or the short skirts...decisions decisions...
My favorite outfit would have to be the Golden Angel's cowgirls. Way to ride!
Why oh why can't US baseball have cheerleaders? Why only basketball and football?
oh baby!!! Ichiro, Matsui, and those guys are idiots for coming to play here! Sure they get more $$$, but is it really worth it? i think not
Ahh, Japanese Cheerleaders. I've loved them ever since Pride Gran Prix 2000 where they presented those giant checks to MMA Champions.
Hard to beat American Icons like cheerleaders or cowgirls in Asian form.
Makes your senses go all woogly for a minute.
They lose out to their Korean counterparts in the leg department, but make up for it in other areas. :-)
You know, if WE had Japanese cheerleaders for BASEBALL.....then, hell yah, I'd get into that sport. In more ways then one.
I love a team that swallows
I'm with Luke!!!
Go Buffalos!!!
Never thought I'd say that - or associate a fat, overly hairy beast - with such gorgeous Japanese girls, but there it is!
I'll take one of each!!!
Cheerleaders are nice, but.......
I'll take the beer girls any day. They stroll up and down the aisles during the game. Mini-keg on their back. Paying customer? - they kneel, yes kneel on the stairs in front of you, pump the keg and fill a cup of beer.
If anyone asked me a definition of heaven, a Japanese beer girl would be towards the top of the list.
These girls are full of charm and grace
Certainly rather fair of face
With one Id like to closely embrace
Think Ill even get to first base?
Tell me, dear, is it worth the chase?
That I could be the one test case?
Take a chance on one from the Western race?
Or shall I seek some other place?
Alas, Im sure youd me abase
And slap this guy right in de-face.
My steps Ill now just simply retrace
And for pix of you Ill hit erase.
These Japanese girls, theyll whoop and holler
Two bits, four bits, six bits, a dollar
Cmon everybody, up on your toes,
Lets hear it for the Buffalos.
Dressed in sweaters and mini dresses
All adorned in lovely long tresses.
Dont sit there, dont be blighters
Shout real loud for the Nippon Ham Fighters
Hey there ladies, shake your pom pons
This aint no kind of funky come-on
Bay very loud, just like ten beagles
Go! Tohoku Rakuten Golden Eagles
You girls, you are so lithe and lean
I like to watch your cheerleader routine.
On this I wont continue to harp
Hit a home run, Hiroshima Carp.
'nuf of that.
Once again, I have to completely agree with the Doc (it's becoming a trend). Overall, fewer butterfaces than the Korean cheerleaders.
dbldipper: I won't even try any poems for this entry after reading yours.
I made a pledge and wrote it down
to resist the urge when feeling down
to pull the pud and choke the snake
I bravely vowed a week-long break
I hear you gasp and asking "Why?"
It's my wrist you see- got R.S.I
And so I donned some oven mitts
and glued my zip to lock my bits
And bravely faced the my greatest fear-
a week without my Britney's Spear
But then I made a big mistake
My noble vow I had to break
I had a sudden asian craving
I needed pics to stop me raving
And so I checked the sirens page
(all lovely things of legal age)
But when i looked my eyes went wide
cheerleading babes- their Asia's Pride!!
Two things in life I can't resist
they're Asian babes, and getting pissed
I tore my jeans and ripped the mitts
and grabbed the butter to coat my bits
And then I........
ummm... I might stop there. You get the message. I LOVE japanese cheerleaders.
Ah, right to the edge of "[comment deleted]" and then kroos pulled back:-)
I might be wrong but I can't recall any posts on AS of Singaporean cheer squads.
I found this pic recently of what I think are cheerleaders. Quite nice too ;-)
And think a post devoted to them might be in order.
great one, thanks
Wish I was there.
Japanese cheerleaders, good for whatever ails you to be sure.
More cutie c'leaders
But they don't seem to be Asian, Maria!!
Ya :( Asian is better, but still, for those cheerleading lovers..... i like the outfits generally speaking
....of course i'd prefer asians tho, anyone know of any asian cheer sites please let me know :)


text:
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Kings Island wins Golden Ticket Award for Best Kids' Area in the World
Don Helbig | Kings Island - 9/19/2011
KINGS ISLAND, Ohio – And the Golden Ticket goes to … Kings Island!
The Golden Ticket Award – the amusement and theme park industry's equivalent of the Academy Award – has again gone to Kings ...
Kings Island hiring for 2011 Halloween Haunt
Don Helbig | Kings Island - 8/30/2011
KINGS ISLAND, Ohio – Kings Island is looking for demented souls to terrorize the labyrinths and demonic dwellings of our Halloween Haunt. Take part in the bloodcurdling horror, mind-bending terror ...
Kings Island extends water park hours
Don Helbig | Kings Island - 7/18/2011
KINGS ISLAND, Ohio - With temperatures in the 90s expected over the next several days for the Tri-State region, Kings Island is extending its operating hours for Boomerang Bay until 8:00 p.m., ...
Kings Island to make Guinness World Records title attempt July 31
Don Helbig | Kings Island - 7/14/2011
MASON - For more than four decades, Kings Island has been shattering world records for having the longest, fastest and most-thrilling rides on the planet. Kings Island has also been the site for ...
Grand Carousel at Kings Island celebrates 85th anniversary season
Don Helbig | Kings Island - 6/24/2011
KINGS ISLAND, Ohio – The year was 1926. Calvin Coolidge was president of the United States. Pontiac cars were made. Henry Ford announced the 40-hour week. U.S. Route 66 was created running from ...
Kings Island hosts Juvenile Diabetes 5k on Saturday
Don Helbig | Kings Island - 6/9/2011
Lace up your sneakers and head to Kings Island on Saturday, June 11, as the Midwest's premier family entertainment destination hosts the 11th annual Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation 5k Walk to ...
Boomerang Bay opens for 2011 season this weekend
Don Helbig | Kings Island - 5/20/2011
MASON, Ohio – Here's a sure sign that summer is just around the corner: Boomerang Bay at Kings Island opens for the 2011 season Saturday, May 21.
Boomerang Bay features more than 50 water ...
World's largest animatronic dinosaur park opens May 26 at Kings Island
Don Helbig | Kings Island - 5/12/2011
Visitors to Kings Island will be able to step back in time to periods between 245 million and 65 million years ago when the world's largest animatronic dinosaur park opens May 26 at Kings Island....
SpiritSong returns to Kings Island
Don Helbig | Kings Island - 3/24/2011
KINGS ISLAND, Ohio – Kings Island will host the 18th annual SpiritSong concert series July 7, 8, 9, which features the most popular contemporary Christian music, teaching seminars and all the ...
WindSeeker tower pieces arrive at Kings Island
Don Helbig | Kings Island - 3/1/2011
KINGS ISLAND, Ohio - By the look of things, spring is not far away. Kings Island's newest thrill ride is ready to grow.
The first five pieces of the tower for the new 301-foot tall ...
Construction underway for new WindSeeker ride
Don Helbig | Kings Island - 1/6/2011
MASON, Ohio - Kings Island will change the landscape for thrill seekers this year with WindSeeker, a 301-foot tall tower tower that will spin riders 30 stories above the park.
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text: Matt Kleiner (born January 7, 1981) is an American director, photographer and musician, whose work includes film, music videos, commercials and print publications. He is best known for his award winning film series Way of the Ocean, a five part geographical look at surf and ocean life style around the globe. He was also a producer/director for the original web series Wax Lyrical for Fuel TV. He is currently the creative director for Circulate Motion Pictures. He is also part of the musical duo The Protist along with his brother Justin Kleiner.


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March gundam update3 years ago News 5 comments
Monthly update not much eye-candy just work. Testing and balance changes to make the game more interesting in 1v1.
The game you are trying to view has ceased development and consequently been archived. If you are a member of this game, can demonstrate that it is being actively developed and will be able to keep this profile up to date with the latest news, images, videos and downloads, please contact us with all details and we will consider its re-activation.
the Gundam universal Century 0079-0083(more or less)
This project is discontinued.
It pains me greatly to make this post. Please be patient as this is a very difficult post for me.
7 years ago, back in December 2005, I spent a week evaluating games and engines to find something suitable for a small fan project, a gundam RTS. At the time, fan projects often would die before getting to even a playable state. I felt that by making a truly complete fan project would make Bandai see that Americans do love gundam. I wanted to make moving, fighting fan art, something only a modder of my experience could do. So I started out, I made Gundam Annihilation for TA then came the spring engine, a chance to make a truly free Gundam game!
So I have worked and worked and worked for 6+ years. As I worked I noticed a change in the world. I am just moving with those changes.
I'll take the game system I have worked on and do some independent IP project. With my own designs and characters. I will do this because it is my nature to make things. I have not decided on a name for said project just that I know it is an inevitability that I will do something. I am not going into details here as I have no decided what I will do.
I thank all of you for your support.
Monthly update not much eye-candy just work. Testing and balance changes to make the game more interesting in 1v1.
So been terribly busy and using my lunchbreak to post a few questions for you guys.
update of tech tree, zaku marine, new version of the engine is incompatible with the current release
So things have been pretty busy/suck but here is a belated update...
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Can anyone link me to the latest build, because most of the sites that this game was uploaded on was deleted.
Same here unless 1.28 is final release
Hey can you upload the latest build installer to MODDB please so people can download it.
no comments on the test files?
Well I didn't really say it when we talked but it did work so yea good. Do other games for spring use the rapid bat.
Well im always active on moddb so I always comment, probably since it's not a new download people have been put off or they're like someone else can do it.
I added a progress list for HOTD weeks ago but only about 20 have downloaded it and no comments even though it details what I have been doing with trivia/notes section at the end. Im guessing people tend to not go near stuff that aren't the next release but im always here so anytime.
The bat is just a command to run the rapid program. If you look in the folder there is a rapid gui program and you can download other spring games :)
Yea I saw the other folders and it seems better than svn since you just run the bat.
I still need to figure out how to update the single player start up but hey, 1 piece at a time
How's progress on your work, Smoth?
Also, I reuploaded the gundam tracks to mediafire since fileserve chickened out. You'll need WinRar.
Work: very busy.
Gundam: many bugs fixed 1 major one left, 1 minor one with music player, then it is time to update maps and missions for a new release. Ramba ral might be broken, so maybe I will add a command aura for shiro. we'll see how time permits.
Weeeeeeeeeee, 3 days later, a 4 year old bug is resolved...
Still have some work to do on the economy bug but after that I will look at starting preparation for a new release(will take a good bit of time)!


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- Northern New York Newspapers
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- Lowville
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- Malone
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MASSENA - The Massena Central School Districts Board of Education has approved April 11 and May 23 as give-back days for snow days that have not been used this year.
Interim Superintendent William H. Flynn said the district has used two snow days this winter, one on Jan. 6 and one on Feb. 14.
The last time we dealt with weather, we were delayed, so really weve only used two of the extra five days. Therefore, were recommending April 11 to extend the spring break and May 23 be used to extend Memorial Day, he said.
Thousands of readers like you have made Northern New York Newspapers the number one ranked website* for local news and sports coverage in the north country.
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Cast iron bathtubs are perfect for homeowners who want to achieve an upscale look in their bathroom. Some homeowners purchase cast iron bathtubs when they are remodeling the bathroom, and they are also common for new homes that are being built from the ground up. Installing cast iron bathtubs transforms regular bathrooms into timeless and elegant spaces for bathing, relaxing, and leaving behind the stress and residue of the day. There has always been a certain audience for cast iron bathtubs, but until recently many consumers found that they were prohibitively expensive. They have come down in price, however, so now many different households can afford the luxury of cast iron in their bathroom. The benefits of cast iron bathtubs include classic beauty, high-end style, heightened quality, longevity, durability and sturdiness.
The way that cast iron bathtubs are made is entirely unique. Molten liquid iron is poured into a mold, and the tubs receive their distinctive shape once the metal hardens. They are so durable because of the pure iron, which is vividly colored and finished with a high gloss after the fire polishing. And since the bathtub can maintain a warm water temperature without using heaters, it is something that people have been using for centuries.
Homeowners go for cast iron bathtubs because they are beautiful and they can hold heat longer. They come in one-person and two-person designs for couples and singles alike. The style is unique and innovative, yet the material is very traditional because it has been a part of the bathroom ensemble since before heat and electricity were in people's homes. So if you haven't considered cast iron for your bathroom yet, maybe it's time you did.


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May 12, 2012
Hell and Back has just been played here in Paris! The set started with Lites, Puppetz, Remorse, and Bellz. The Black Album set has just started with Struggle.


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Baguio's Panagbenga 2014 LIVE-A A +A
Friday, February 21, 2014
BAGUIO CITY -- True to its commitment to bring Philippine festivals closer to thousands of Filipinos in the country and around the world, Sun.Star is streaming live once again this city's grand flower festival, the Panagbenga.
This year's celebration marks the 19th year of the annual flower festival celebrated every February in this city. The festival started in 1996 to showcase and reflect the history, traditions and values of Baguio and the Cordilleras.
The term Panagbenga comes from a Kankanaey term that means "season of blooming."
The festival kicked off last January 1, and Sun.Star Baguio, in partnership with Sun.Star Network Exchange (Sunnex) and Smart Communications Inc., is streaming live two of this year's highlights -- the street parade tomorrow (February 22) and float parade on Sunday (February 23).
Sun.Star will feed live videos from Baguio's Session Road, where all participants in both the street and float parade will commence, and the city's Athletic Bowl where performances will be held. The live streaming will be made possible with Smart's Long Term Evolution (LTE) technology, the latest standard in mobile Internet technology.
To watch the live stream, visit www.sunstar.com.ph and http://baguio.sunstar.com.ph/panagbenga. You may also follow @sunstaronline and @SunStarBaguio on Twitter and updates in real-time. Join our discussion or post updates, either in text or photos, by using the hashtag #Panagbenga2014.
Panagbenga 2014 street parade will perform in front of visitors on Saturday, February 22, 2014. (Jean Mondoñedo-Ynot)
Fifteen competing groups -- nine for elementary division and six for the open category -- will join the street parade tomorrow, while 21 floats will parade the streets of Baguio on Sunday.
The street parade contingents include the Baguio Central Elementary School, Jose Carino Elementary School, Mabini Elementary School, Quezon Hill Elementary School, Dona Aurora Elementary School, Baguio SPED Center, Lucban Elementary School, Jose P. Laurel Elementary School, and Fort del Pilar Elementary School for the elementary division; and Baguio City National High School, Kamora National High School, Ampucao And Camp 3 United, Pinsao National High School, Yoweng Di Gangsa, and Fort Del Pilar National High School–Annex for the open category.
Guest performers will be the Buyagan Elementary School, Kias Elementary School, and Emilio Aguinaldo Elementary School.
Joining the float parade on Sunday, on the other hand, are the following: Gold Dust Creations, Megapines Realty and Development, GMA Networks Inc., Taloy Norte Farmers, Department of Agriculture-Cordillera Administrative Region, International Pharmaceuticals Inc., Philippine Seven Corporation, Taodharma Inc. (AllPhones), Jollibee, Psalmstre, PIDC-TPLEX, MNTC–NLEX, Baguio Ecopark Inc., Beauche International, Smart Communications, International Praise Center, AMA Magsaysay Baguio City, MLhuiller, Le Monet Hotel, City Government of Baguio, Baguio Country Club, and SM City Baguio.
Don't miss our live coverage. See you online! (Jean Mondoñedo-Ynot/Sunnex)
Published in the Sun.Star Baguio newspaper on February 22, 2014.
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- 100% Polyester
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Comments about Carmelo Anthony New York Knicks Player Drawstring Backpack - Royal Blue:
Use this product to charge personal items, a good price, I'm a fan of knick and Carmelo, so I also bought this product.
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FreakScore is a weighted average of all aggregated professional and user review scores. Read more
This product has a FreakScore of 7.2* out of 10 based on 2 scores.
*Score is uncertain and deviates toward category average due to low number of scores.
KitchenAid® provides a stylish way to store your favorite bevera Read more


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Happy Stoners Day!!! Get The Special Limited Edition 4/20 Pre-Order To The Stoned Immaculate Album NOW!!!!
Posted by Gardens admin on April 20
Curren$y wishes a Happy 4/20 to all you Jets out there!
I know everybody has their favorite movie ready to go, and of course their munchies of choice- but here's one thing you didn't have until NOW!..The LIMITED EDITION pre-order to Spitta's Stoned Immaculate album featuring Pharell, Wiz Khalifa, Big K.R.I.T., Wale, Estelle, Daz Dillinger and more! With the limited edition pre-order you get not only a Stoned Immaculate rolling tray but a sneak peak into what the album has in store with the download of "Fast Cars And Faster Women" produced by Daz Dillinger which you can download HERE. Go ahead, cop the pre-order and set this holiday of right!!


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Sayang-Sayang Guest House
No prices found through our partners. Please contact the business directly or check some of our recommended alternatives.
How has this hotel rated in the past?
- Restaurant
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- Free High-Speed Internet
- Business Services
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TravelPod Member ReviewsSayang-Sayang Guest House Melaka
kamar unik, bersih dan lokasi strategis. cukup berjalan kaki ke point of interest kot atua melaka
This review is the subjective opinion of a TravelPod member and not of TravelPod.com.
TripAdvisor Reviews Sayang-Sayang Guest House Melaka
Travel Blogs from Melaka
Stop Whispering
... and rich history. This area is a UNESCO historical site and was colonized by the Portuguese, Dutch, and English. There is also a strong Chinese influence stemming from a marriage between a Malay sultan and a Chinese princess who brought along many attendants who would marry amongst the local people. Malacca and its people are truly unique.
We took a bus from KL to Malacca central where we took a local bus ...
Melaka - Delicious Food!
... Japanese Karaoke). We tried to get into a restaurant which was recommended but the queue was to long so we ended up having a Thai by the river which was nice.
Day 134
Had a lie in as we both felt knackered then headed out for a Brunch at the Dutch Cafe over the River. Had a typical Malaysian Breakfast of Chicken Curry with Roti (a flat unleavened bread cooked with layers - delicious!) We walked down Jonker Street in the day to see what it ...
Such a Cool Venue for OLPC Asia Base Camp!
... group. We got into the meat of the conference in many ways; breakout groups for Education, Technology and Community Organization independent of OLPC going forward were some the subjects for lively discussion.
For a late lunch, I headed over to the Discovery Cafe where I had rented my bike. There was a new baby and first time Mom I befriended (as I tend to do). My new friend Anan invited me to the baby's first month old party last ...
Malaysia breathes a sigh of relief
... and dashed back to her couch to continue watching the film! Eventually I found my room (the room number on my key fob bore no relation to door numbers) and I was thrilled at the size of my room - a queen bed and a single bed hardly took any space up! But the bathroom?..ha! I realised straight away there was no toilet paper and no towels and to get to the toilet I had to remove the bright purple builder's size bucket out of the bathroom. So I braved a journey ...
... seven thirty in the morning of the nineteenth, so sadly that meant I had to spend a night in Singapore, an horrifically expensive thing to do for a backpacker!
I then assessed the day ahead, building a plan in my head of what I was going to see and do; I definitely wanted to see the maritime museum, as well as the little India area, and also the famed 'Jonker' street which contains most of the arts and craft shops in Melaka. I ...


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Book your room at Scandic Kuopio
Get an overview of this hotelFamily-friendly hotel with free breakfast and restaurant
This family-friendly Kuopio hotel is located on a lake, within 2 mi (3 km) of Kuopio Cathedral and Kuopio Ice Hall. University of Kuopio and Puijo Tower are also within 3 mi (5 km).
Hotel Features
A restaurant, an indoor pool, and a fitness center are available at this hotel. Free buffet breakfast, free WiFi in public areas, and free self parking are also provided. Additionally, a bar/lounge, a spa tub, and a sauna are onsite.
Room Amenities
All 137 rooms provide free WiFi, minibars, and LED TVs. Other amenities available to guests include room service, hair dryers, and showers.Information missing or incorrect? Tell us!
Hotel Amenities
Hotel Amenities
In addition to an indoor pool, Scandic Kuopio provides a spa tub, a sauna, and a fitness center. The hotel offers a restaurant. A bar/lounge is on site where guests can unwind with a drink. Guests can enjoy a complimentary breakfast each morning. High-speed wireless Internet access is complimentary.
8 meeting rooms are available. This family-friendly hotel also offers tour/ticket assistance, a grocery/convenience store, and an elevator (lift). Limited complimentary onsite parking is available on a first-come, first-served basis.
- Total number of rooms - 137
- Bar/lounge
- Free breakfast
- Conference space
- Elevator/lift
- Fitness facilities
- Grocery/convenience store
- Tours/ticket assistance
- Free WiFi
- Parking (limited spaces)
- Luggage storage
- Restaurant
- Free self parking
- Number of meeting rooms - 8
- Sauna
- Number of buildings/towers - 1
- Spa tub
- Indoor pool
Family Friendly Amenities
- Family Hotel
- Indoor pool
- Free Wi-Fi
- Grocery/convenience store
- Cribs/infant beds (complimentary)
Available in all rooms: Free WiFi
Available in some public areas: Free WiFi
Free self parking, Parking (limited spaces)
Room Amenities
- Minibar
- Private bathroom
- Free toiletries
- Hair dryer
- Shower only
- Desk
- Free WiFi
- Room service
- Free cribs/infant beds
Where to Eat
Guests are offered a complimentary buffet breakfast each morning.
Mesimarja - This restaurant specializes in Scandinavian cuisine and serves breakfast, lunch, and dinner.
Room service is available.
Nearby Things to Do
An indoor pool and a spa tub are on site. Other recreational amenities include a sauna and a fitness center.
To make requests for specific accessibility needs, complete the "Special or Accessibility Requests" section of "Trip Preferences" when you book your hotel.
- Accessibility equipment for the deaf
- Accessible path of travel
- Accessible parking
Hotel Policies
Check-in time starts at 2 PM
Check-out time is noon
Payment types
Pets allowed
You need to know
Extra-person charges may apply and vary depending on hotel policy.
Government-issued photo identification and a credit card or cash deposit are required at check-in for incidental charges.
Special requests are subject to availability upon check-in and may incur additional charges. Special requests cannot be guaranteed.
We should mention
Guests can arrange to bring pets by contacting the property directly, using the contact information on the booking confirmation.


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Conserve Water to Prepare for Possible Water Shortages
AMES, Iowa ― Ongoing effects from the drought may hit closer to home with possible water shortages this year across the state. Iowans can prepare by finding simple ways to conserve water in their own homes.
Kristi Cooper, family life specialist with Iowa State University Extension and Outreach, says there are many simple tips families can follow to reduce water use, especially in the bathroom where 60 to 75 percent of water use happens.
"Now is a good time to track how much water your family uses each week," Cooper said. "Challenge your family to reduce water consumption 20 percent before summer."
Cooper works with the ISU Eco Family blog to offer tips to families on how to live a greener lifestyle, including water conservation. She compiled a list of tips for families, which is available as a downloadable PDF.
Tips to reduce water use include
- using less water when brushing teeth and showering
- flushing the toilet less often, or displacing water in the tank so it uses less
- fixing leaks and installing more efficient appliances
- only running full loads in the dishwasher and washing machine
- using rain barrels to collect water for gardens and plants
Cooper suggests families make a list of conservation tips for their own home and post it where all family members can see it and be reminded.
Many more water conservation tips are available on ISU Extension and Outreach's drought resources Web page, or the ISU Eco Family blog.
Family Finance
Nutrition & Wellness
Child Nutrition
Food Safety
Healthy Living and Eating
Family Life
Child Care & Education
Reducing Poverty
Reducing Poverty
Contacts & Resources


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WASHINGTON, DC (WUSA) -- Move over laptops.In 2013, the tablet is king.
Sales of the devices are expected to outpace notebooks by more than 30 million.
Researchers at Display Search tech company say different sizes have created more demand.
Apple is still the market leader, but smaller tablets will be the big sellers this year.
Read or Share this story: http://on.wusa9.com/1bMXY8B


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I'm having a ball expanding the Voices story world with Pinterest. It's especially fun pairing images with snippets of dialogue. Pictures add something to words–they always have.
Check out the boards for Voices Beckon, Voices Whisper, and Voices Echo and see if you agree.
If you're a Pinterest fan, consider creating a board for the last novel you read that enthralled you–it may keep that story world a part of your world just a bit longer. And isn't that why we read? To step into another world, if only for a time?
Pinterest Board for Voices Echo
Follow Linda L Graham's board Voices Echo on Pinterest.
A pin with a snippet from Voices Echo
"I presume it's dice they've hidden–am I wrong?" Rhiannon whispered to Betsy.
The girl shook her head, offering a weak smile.
"Good. I've found it best not to be bossy and wrong in the same breath. Men, especially, take exception when I am."


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Domestic Oven Cleaning
Cleaning your oven! ... Its probably the most hated of all household chores, am I right?, sure you can go to your local supermarket and buy a tin of oven...1 comment
Opening Times:
By appointment
Monday - Saturday
By MG001 | Thursday, July 25 2013
Keeping your oven clean and fresh is a must for all home owners but we here at Ovenfresh understand that you don't always have the time or desire to spend hours making your oven sparkle so why not let us do it for you?
Amazing Finish
Our oven cleaning process takes between 2 and 3 hours and will leave your oven looking brand new, we rinse down and polish every part to produce an amazing finish. We also offer a small range of repairs such as replacing burnt out elements, door hint replacements and the rebonding or door glass.
Competitive Prices & Safe Products
All of the products we use are eco-friendly, fume free, bio degradable and 100% safe for you and your family. Our prices are very competitive and affordable and we work throughout Taunton and the surrounding areas.
So if your oven is looking a little worse for wear and could use some expert attention give us a call today on 07546 454599 or visit our website to find out more about us.
Pete came to clean my oven today in Wick St Lawrence and did a superb job at a very reasonable price. Shining like a new pin now - thanks :)
I have recommended this guy to lots of my customers because he is local and independent and does a fantastic job. He cleans ovens to the same high standards that we expect.
I can't believe how good my cooker looks now, it looks so nice I don't want to us it again just in case it gets dirty. Defo going to book you again, Cheers x
I recently had Ovenfresh clean my range oven, I can't believe how Peter made it look so good ... Will certainly use you again and I will be recommending to all my friends and colleagues.
Peter did an awesome job of cleaning our oven, it definetly has the wow factor, it looks brand new! Peter is a very friendly and kind man, i recommend him to everyone who needs their oven cleaning. Im very impressed, there is not one speck of dirt left, Thank you. Also he didnt use any cleaners that are chocking like most oven sprays, Peter...do you clean cars?!
I had been dithering about having my oven cleaned and I am so glad I did. I have never got it anywhere near as clean as it is now. Big thanks to Peter who was brilliant. I will recommend you to all my friends. Chris
I have never met anyone who enjoys cleaning and oven and as a renter having to tackle that job on top of moving is just one job to many.It's worth hiring these guys for piece of mind to get your deposit back and they don't use any nasty **** to do it with. Well done guys
Cleaning your oven! ... Its probably the most hated of all household chores, am I right?, sure you can go to your local supermarket and buy a tin of oven...1 comment


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"Silver Moon Bakery has brought the baguette back to Broadway!"
– Karen Hess, co-author, Eating in America
Silver Moon Bakery makes 44 kinds of bread regularly, as well as many different rolls – some daily, some on certain days of the week, some seasonally. We love to bake, and bread is our "staff of life". We bake with fresh yeast, King Arthur bread flour, organic whole wheat, whole rye & whole spelt flours, plus "stuffings" for special breads. No additives, no preservatives, our breads are hand shaped and baked in small batches several times a day. We pride ourselves on being a true artisanal bakery, and love to experiment with new flavors and combinations.
Please consult our bread calendar below for more detail.
All of our "white" breads are made with unbleached flour, and contain a certain percentage of organic whole grain flour (whole wheat or rye), which adds complexity to the dough. White breads are considered to have the most neutral flavor of all breads, and are the most neutral in terms of flavor of all our breads.
Of the three most common flours used in bread baking (unbleached, whole wheat, rye) whole wheat breads are widely considered the most popular among health breads; they contain the bran, vitamins and enzymes of the grain with a relatively neutral flavor. Our whole grain flour is 100% organic; some breads are made of 100% whole grain, and some have a small percentage of unbleached bread flour in them, which makes for a lighter loaf.
The oldest of the fermentation aids, "sourdough" refers to the flavor imparted by the wild yeast which produce fermentation and allows bread to rise. Many bakers pride themselves on the age of their starter, which gets refreshed daily; ours is almost 12 years old. Every location has its own wild yeast; even a sourdough starter will not transfer well to another place; the local wild yeast will impart their own character to the mix.
We like to make unusual breads; some we invented, some we researched. Each has a unique flavor and shape. We are continually experimenting to find the best and most interesting ones to offer.
Presentation challahs up to 12 lbs. can be ordered in advance; please call the bakery for pricing, and click here for challah photos.