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Research & Discovery
Sometimes individually, sometimes in groups, USC undergraduates conduct research with guidance from distinguished faculty leaders. Imagine presenting your findings at a conference or publishing your research. With so many opportunities and funding sources, you can do it here.
Discovery Scholars
Our Signature program that honors students who engage in undergraduate research with faculty guidance.
McNair Scholars
A federally funded program that encourages low-income and first-generation college students as well as students from historically underrepresented ethnic groups to aim at graduate studies and an academic career. Check them out!
Undergraduate Symposium for Scholarly & Creative Work
The Undergraduate Symposium provides students with the unique opportunity to exhibit and share examples of their significant research and creativity with the university community. Takes place in April - it's a happening!
Medical Preceptorship Program
For pre-medical students interested in learning more about the field of Pediatric Medicine. See what this program offers.
Fellowships and Funding
Several fellowships opportunities provide financial support for students interested in conducting research as undergraduates. Check out these possibilities.
- USC Provost's Undergraduate Research Fellowships
- Rose Hills Foundation Science and Engineering Fellowships
- Student Opportunities for Academic Research (SOAR)
- Summer Undergraduate Research Fund (SURF)
- USC Institute for Global Health Grant Programs
- USG Academic Research Fund
Research Programs – by school
USC schools encourage the Discovery Scholar ideal of undergraduate research with programs of their own. See what's available in your area of study.
- Directed Research (490)
- Marshall School of Business
- Viterbi School of Engineering
- Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences
- Keck School of Medicine (Health Promotion and Global Health)
- Sol Price School of Public Policy
Women in Science and Engineering (WiSE)
Our groundbreaking effort to increase the representation and success of women in the sciences and engineering at USC - undergraduates included!
Research Centers
Check out USC's many research centers and institutes from the arts and humanities, the social and natural sciences, to engineering and technology. We even have an Institute for Innovation!
Library Resources
With 23 libraries and information centers plus the USC Digital Library and countless ejournals, the USC Libraries actively support and encourage the academic endeavors of faculty, students, and staff. Searching for understanding? Start here.
Faculty Profiles
To participate in research, students must connect with current experts in the field of study - members of the USC faculty. Browse through these faculty directories and profiles to learn more about the research activities of faculty across campus.


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What is Turnitin?
What is Turnitin?
Turnitin is a Web-based plagarism detection application that can be used by instructors still wishing to have an electronic means of checking originality of work, who collect electronic student submissions via email or means other than Blackboard. Turnitin works by checking an uploaded assignment against a large database of other published and written work. Once uploaded, students can check their Originality Report for a detailed summary of possible plagarized words or phrases.
How do faculty get started?
To begin using Turnitin, please contact the iTeam at firstname.lastname@example.com. We recommend using the integration within Blackboard for ease of use but we also can setup Turnitin.com accounts to those who are not using Blackboard but wish to use Turnitin.
Turnitin Blackboard Integration
Blackboard Direct User Manuals and Videos
Sign up on IT Training: Blackboard: Turnitin face-to-face training
Turnitin Direct (http://turnitin.com)
USD Live Expert Training offered every week at 9:30 am PST Tuesday, Wednesday and Thursday.
Please refer to the Instructor Training tutorials and videos on how to create a course, view uploaded assignments, interpret Originality Reports and grade papers using GradeMark.
The Turnitin Direct version contains an addtional feature, PeerMark, which is not yet available in the Blackboard integration. If you wish to use this feature which allows student to reviewand evalute each others papers, please indicate your preference for Turnitin Direct in any account request inquiry.
How do students get started?
To access a course you are already enrolled in, please refer to the Turnitin class ID and password distributed by the instructor. For detailed information on how to create a username and password or upload an assignment, please refer to Turnitin's Student Training Website.
Why do I want it?
Plagiarism Detection software allows you to:
- Let your students know that their work will be assessed for originality
- Easily assess the original content of student papers
- Provide specific feedback to students with results of matching content
Responding to Plagarism:
The University of San Diego holds a strict policy against academic dishonesty. For more information, please visit our Student Rules of Conduct and Student Conduct Procedures.
Where can I find additional help?
- Visit our Frequently Asked Questions page for valuable descriptions of Turnitin's functionality and useful information about the program.
- Please contact Turnitin's Help Desk at (866) 816-5046 extention 241, or email them at email@example.com. They are open Monday through Friday 6am-11pm, and Saturday and Sunday from 2pm-11pm.

subset: commoncrawl


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How to subscribe to podcasts in Apple's new Podcasts app for iPhone and iPad
Apple has just released their new Podcasts app for iPhone, iPod touch, and iPad. While it's not as feature-rich or complex as some other podcast apps on the App Store, if it's your first time using a podcast app, you may be wandering just how exactly to get started using it.
Well no worries, we're here to help! With a few searches and a few taps, you'll be subscribed to some fantastic new video and audio shows to both entertain and inform you. And best of all, they're absolutely free!
How to subscribe to podcasts
If you're brand new to podcasts, Apple makes it easy to discover and subscribe to shows. It basically works just like iBooks where you have a Catalog (like the iTunes Store or iBookstore, but free!) where you can search and subscribe to new shows, and a Library where all your downloaded shows are available for easy viewing and listening. To get started:
- Launch the Apple Podcasts app
- If you're not already in the Catalog, tap the Catalog button at the top right (iPhone/iPod touch) or bottom left (iPad).
- Browse through Featured or Top Charts to see popular shows, or if you know what you're looking for, hit Search and type in the title or some key words. (Mobile Nations, for example, will bring up all of our network shows).
- When you find a show you like, tap the title.
- Tap on the Subscribe button to make sure you can easily find and download every episode later, or tap the Download button beside an individual episode to download only that show.
- To subscribe to additional shows, or download additional episodes, simply repeat the process.
That's it, you'll now be subscribed to the show, and downloading episodes.
Mobile Nations quick links
If you're looking to subscribe to iMore's podcast, or any of the Mobile Nations network shows, here are the quick links:
- iMore podcast - Audio | --> --> --> -->(http://itunes.apple.com/ca/podcast/iphone-live!-video/id475019189?at=10l3Vy&ct=d_im){.nofollow}
- Mobile Nations podcast - Audio | --> --> --> -->(http://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/mobile-nations-video/id477264818?at=10l3Vy&ct=d_im){.nofollow}
- Iterate podcast - Audio
- Android Central podcast - Audio | --> --> --> -->(http://itunes.apple.com/ca/podcast/android-central-podcast-video/id477954197?at=10l3Vy&ct=d_im){.nofollow}
- CrackBerry.com podcast - Audio | --> --> --> -->(http://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/crackberry.com-podcast-video/id479269705?at=10l3Vy&ct=d_im){.nofollow}
- WPCentral podcast - Audio
- ZEN and TECH podcast - Audio | --> --> --> -->(http://itunes.apple.com/ca/podcast/zenandtech-video/id475739918?at=10l3Vy&ct=d_im){.nofollow}
- Superfunctional - Audio
How to change your subscription options in Podcasts
If you subscribe to a show and later want to unsubscribe, or if you download only a single episode to try out and decide you really do want to subscribe, it's simple to change.
- Launch the Apple Podcasts app
- If you're not already in the Library section, tap the Library button at the top right (iPhone/iPod touch) or top left (iPad).
- Tap the show title (iPhone/iPod touch) or Gear button (iPad) to go to the Settings
- Toggle Subscription to On to subscribe, Off to unsubscribe.
More help with Podcasts
If you need more help getting started with Podcasts for iPhone or iPad, head on over to the iTunes Forum help thread and ask away!
Unfortunately, Podcasts doesn't have Push Notifications yet to alert you to new episodes, and iOS doesn't allow timed background downloads, so you'll have to open the Podcasts app to actually get future episodes. But if you're new to podcasts, it's still a good way to get started.
Have something to say about this story? Leave a comment! Need help with something else? Ask in our forums!
Reader comments
How to subscribe to podcasts in Apple's new Podcasts app for iPhone and iPad
I think it does. I had changed the settings in iTunes to never download podcasts since I started relying on the Podcaster app. After downloading the Apple Podcasts app, I figured. Sync would have moved my subscriptions, or there would have been an option for that. Nope. Had to manually subscribe to them on my iPhone. Figured it might sync to my iPad, since they tout "pick up where you left off" across devices. Nope. Had to manually subscribe again on the iPad.
However, after I subscribed on the devices, there were episodes that I had downloaded on my iPhone now downloaded in iTunes.
Very disappointed with this so far. Performance has been pokey, and it has crashed twice. Worse, the UI is far below Apple's normal standards.
Ugliness aside, if there is a way to make podcasts download automatically without having to check, I have yet to find it. The display & controls on downloading vs streaming are not clear, with visual cues not nearly strong enough to indicate which state you are in. I was able to find the scrubbing and other features which are inexplicably hid behind the podcast logo art until you swipe the image away.
If this can automatically download subscribed podcasts without any actions from me, it might have some use. Otherwise, this is a disappointing release, with very little to recommend it over just playing podcasts inside the existing player.
You would think Apple would have implemented Push Notifications and background downloading (at least while on wifi and plugged in).
In addition to that, my findings/feature wish list (so far):
Needs an overall settings function, not just podcast specific.
Needs way of force refresh.
Grid view should have new indicator numbers on tile.
App should have new indicator on home screen.
These should be configurable in the needed settings.
can someone explain how this interfaces with the current itunes/music apps on your iOS device?
right now, if i go to itunes app, go to podcasts, i can find the one i want and download new episodes.
then i proceed to the music app, go to podcasts, and find the newly downloaded episode and play it through the music app...
is this method obsolete now?
does the new podcasts app interface with any of these apps?
if i've already downloaded podcasts using the old method above, will the podcasts app show my previously downloaded episodes?
No kidding!
Looks like this is directed at the dissemination of premium content, and a replacement of the YouTube app. Since iTunes is the dominant provider if all Podcasts it makes sense in the Apple quality vs. Google quantity (dogs on skateboards) paradigm this would happen. This isn't that bad for a 1.0 release app. Heck it isn't even released yet.
Nice review Rene.
Any idea how to subscribe to a podcast that is not in iTunes? For example, say I have a URL to a podcast, how can I access that in this app?
Can't figure out, for the life of me, why the catalog button is grayed out and inaccessible. Any ideas? I rebooted the app, but still no go.


text: Mormonad: Gossip This entry was posted on Friday, February 20, 2009, in church of jesus christ of latter day saints, inspiration, LDS, mormon, Religion and tagged gossip, inspirational, LDS, mormon, MormonAds, motivational, Religion. Bookmark the permalink. 1 Comment This new MormonAd leaves an indelible impression! Share this!ShareEmailShare on TumblrPocketLike this:Like Loading... Related


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1Only available for the Legislators Defined Contribution Plan (LEDC).
2Not available for Rollover Savings Accounts (RSAs) or the PERF ASA Only plan.
3Not available for TRF Annuity Savings Accounts (ASA).
4Only available for the PERF ASA Only and LEDC plans.


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As anticipated two weeks ago, Google Maps added walking directions. "Starting today, you can tell Google Maps that you want walking directions, and we'll try to find you a route that's direct, flat, and uses pedestrian pathways when we know about them. Just get directions as you normally would. If you're going 10 km or less (some call this 6.2 miles), we'll show you a link that you can click to get Walking directions," informs Google LatLong blog.
The feature is still in beta because Google has incomplete data about pedestrian pathways. Google Maps advises you to "use caution when walking in unfamiliar areas".
Tip. If you only see driving directions, copy the permalink of the page by clicking on "Link to this page", append &dirflg=w and paste the new URL in the address bar.
As usually with Google Maps directions, you can print them, email them, obtain a permalink that can be bookmarked or embed them in a site. Another option is to save the directions as a custom map: just click on "Link to this page", copy the link, add &output=kml at the end and then create a new map in the My Maps tab by importing the KML file.
Until recently, Ask.com offered walking directions, but the feature is no longer available because Ask.com decided to replace its mapping service with Microsoft Virtual Earth.
Introducing the Search Analytics API
57 minutes ago


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Autumn 2013 Seal of Excellence.
Watch all your favourite chefs on the Good Food channel. Sky 133, Virgin 260.
Also available in Sky HD
Visit the BBC Good Food website for tried and tested recipes from Good Food and Olive magazines
Come join us at the Good Food Shows in Scotland, London and Birmingham
The Good Food Channel has some of the most mouth-watering programmes on TV and recipes from your favourite celebrity chefs. We've got a world of food entertainment to feast on, whether it's crazy chocolate creations in Choccywoccydooddah, the Hairy Bikers on a Mississippi adventure or the return of legendary cook Madhur Jaffrey.
Alongside the channel, our website is updated daily and is home to more than 18,000 recipes, to-to-cook videos, food quizzes and regular foodie competitions.
Find us on Sky 133 and Virgin 260, also available in Sky HD. You can keep up with new recipes and programmes on Twitter, Facebook, Pinterest and Google+.


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A quality baby bedding set is essential in making your nursery warm and inviting. All N. Selby patterns are made using the finest quality materials and are uniquely designed to create an elegant and sophisticated nursery.
Wild and fun Here Kitty Kitty is 100% cotton and made in the USA. What a great idea, this front rail cover up protects your foot board on the convertible cribs and it looks great. For the parent choosing not to use a bumper, it can add the needed decor lost when the bumper is removed. Cover ups can be used with a full bumper as well. All Cotton Tale and N. Selby patterns have matching crib rails cover ups. Wash gentle cycle, separate, cold water. Tumble dry low or hang dry. Fun for your special girls nursery.


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Ways to get involved in promoting the Victorious Gospel
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"We leave here before our time, our ability to fulfill his will in our lives is incomplete." Nathan ""We leave here before our time," Just how can we leave before our time? I suggest that when we die His Will was completed in our lives or we would not have died."Our minds remain intact until our bodies give out. "Okay now when you say "our minds remain intact," what does that mean? I ask because there have been several threads in which some would call what remains in tact is "the soul."
um . .yeah . . .the quoting a cherry-picked verse thing really does nothing to clarify your point.


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Robert Dubrow, MD, PhD
Professor of Epidemiology (Chronic Diseases)
Departments & Organizations
Cancer Center, Yale: Cancer Prevention and Control
School of Public Health: Center for Interdisciplinary Research on AIDS | Chronic Disease Epidemiology
Dr. Dubrow has been heavily involved in the educational mission of Yale School of Public Health, as well as in research. He taught Principles of Epidemiology I nine times, and currently teaches Principles of Epidemiology II. Dr. Dubrow was chosen by the Classes of 2002, 2007, and 2012 to be Teacher of the Year. He currently co-Chairs the Yale School of Public Health Accreditation Advisory Committee, which oversees the school's periodic self-study process leading up to the accreditation review by the Council on Education for Public Health in 2014.
Dr. Dubrow has been involved in cancer research for most of his career, first in cancer biology and then, for the major portion of his career, in cancer epidemiology, which has included the following work: 1) studies aimed at the identification of fecal and serum markers for the early detection of colorectal cancer and/or for the identification of persons at high risk for colorectal cancer; 2) case-control studies of cancers of the stomach, esophagus, breast, endometrium, and larynx, as well as malignant melanoma, childhood osteosarcoma, and childhood rhabdomyosarcoma; 3) a study of the effects of race and social factors on the stage at diagnosis of breast, prostate, colorectal, and endometrial cancers; 4) time trend and age-period-cohort analyses of malignant melanoma and colorectal cancer; and more recently, 5) HIV-related malignancies; and 6) descriptive and analytic epidemiology and patterns of care and outcomes for glioma. Since 2009, the latter two areas have been the main focus of his research. Dr. Dubrow serves as Chair of the Veterans Aging Cohort Study (VACS) Cancer Core and co-Chair of the North American AIDS Cohort Collaboration on Research and Design (NA-ACCORD) Malignancy Working Group.
Education & Training
|University of Pennsylvania (1975)
|University of Pennsylvania (1974)
Honors & Recognition
Distinguished Teaching AwardYale School of Public Health (2012)
Distinguished Teaching AwardYale School of Public Health (2007)
Distinguished Teaching AwardYale School of Public Health (2002)


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This Test Tube Adventures set includes more than 15 repeatable activities for budding young scientists, including:
Contents include:
Warning: this set contains chemicals that may be harmful if misused. Read cautions on individual containers carefully.
Not to be used by children except under adult supervision. Recommended for ages 8 and over.
We have a 3-5 day in-house process. There will be an additional 1-7 days for delivery.
**During peak Holiday Seasons (Mother's Day & Christmas) it can take an additional 1-2 business days to get your order shipped.
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You will need to order by calling 405-745-1275. Customer Service is available Monday - Friday 8:00-5:00 CST.
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If you would like for us to ship your order directly to you, you will be charged the actual postage amount. That amount is calculated once your order is picked, packed and ready to ship. International shipping address are excluded from all shipping discounts. All orders shipped to an International location are charged the actual cost of shipping.
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MAE101 - Economic Principles
Unit details
|2014 unit information
|Enrolment modes:
|Trimester 1: Warrnambool, Waterfront (Geelong), Cloud (online)
Trimester 2: Burwood (Melbourne)
|Credit point(s):
|EFTSL value:
|Unit chair:
H Jia (Trimester 1), R Silvers (Trimester 2)
|Incompatible with:
|Contact hours:
1 x 2 hour class, 1 x 1 hour seminar per week
Note:You will need to access substantial learning resources and experiences in CloudDeakin (Deakin's online learning environment). Compliance with the Standards in computing, connectivity and student capability are a condition on your enrolment.
This unit is about the behaviour of consumers and producers and their interaction in the marketplace. The study of how markets operate is essential to understanding any form of economic behaviour in the global arena. The tools of market analysis developed in the unit provide the foundation for an understanding of issues such as coordinating people's needs with the world's limited resources, corporate pricing strategies, monopoly power, government regulation, the environment, income inequality, the economic relationships between countries and foreign trade.
Assessment 1 (Individual) - Written assignment (which may include a digital presentation, group) – graphs, calculations using digital technologies, explanations, 2000 words 25%,
Assessment 2 (Individual) - Aplia: Cloud (online) quizzes and experiments 15%,
Examination 2 hours 60%.
Hurdle requirement: achieve at least 50% of the marks available on the examination.
Unit Fee Information
|Student Contribution Rate*
|Student Contribution Rate**
|Fee rate - Domestic Students
|Fee rate - International students
* Rate for all CSP students, except for those who commenced Education and Nursing units pre 2010
** Rate for CSP students who commenced Education and Nursing units pre 2010
Please note: Unit fees listed do not apply to Deakin Prime students.


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I would make my way to Augusta Georgia and play lots and lots of GOLF.
I recall thinking that...wuuu wuuu, as I watched Charleston Heston, The Omega Man...the movie about the short story...(the recent remake cast Will Smith and the title was...) Shoot me...I'm sorry. Matheson! Richard Matheson...I can't think of the name of the story and the Smith movie was called....escapes me....
anyway, i recall thinking that...what would I do? if I was the last person...the omega man, as the Heston/Smith characters were....honestly, too involved in the story The Stand to consider it much...turning pages....although the bit with the Fritos probably would be my reality.
In the movie, Heston is out shopping as I recall and a mannikin moves or something. He had this collection of movies...and he was watching Woodstock...which is like today is like the 40th-some anniversary of Woodstock. There was a thing at Strawberry Point, Iowa, that rivaled Woodstock, or was bigger, according to Joe....but to Joe, UM was the Big Cheese....and after cheering himself hoarse at Carver-Hawkeye, who knows? Right?
I think at the time I thought, yeah, I'd have a collection of records, or maybe it was 8-tracks at the time...onward and upward.
Of course, the first time I read The Stand thought of all that stuff, just for the taking. A lot people in the book do just that. But Rita says to Larry before they leave New York, they're all just rocks now, aren't they?
I read The Stand again this summer, and the thing I thought I would make sure to round up was my thyroid medicine that I take every day!
Gorilla suits & banana costumes, oh, and rubber chickens, joy buzzers, itchy powder, disappearing ink, whoopy cushions.................
I could then corner the practical joke market and become emperor of the universe:wink2:..hey now. it could happen, so don't go all laughin' at me:oo:..uhhh, okay yeah, I do see your point, so maybe just a little gigglin' be alright:rolleyes:.


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- Introduction
- Police and society
- The history of policing in the West
- Ancient policing
- Collective responsibility in early Anglo-Saxon times
- The French police system
- The development of professional policing in England
- Early police in the United States
- Detective policing in England and the United States
- English and American policing in the late 19th century
- The development of police in Australia
- The development of police in Canada
- Developments in policing since 1900: the United States example
- Police and counterterrorism
- National police organizations
- International police organizations
- Police work and law enforcement
- Police technology
police, body of officers representing the civil authority of government. Police typically are responsible for maintaining public order and safety, enforcing the law, and preventing, detecting, and investigating criminal activities. These functions are known as policing. Police are often also entrusted with various licensing and regulatory activities.
However, police scholars have criticized this popular understanding of the word police—that it refers to members of a public organization having the legal competence to maintain order and enforce the law—for two reasons. First, it defines police by their ends rather than by the specific means that they use to achieve their goals. Second, the variety of situations in which police are asked to intervene is much greater than law enforcement and order maintenance. There is now a consensus among researchers, based on a definition first proposed by American sociologist Egon Bittner, that the common feature among all the different agencies engaged in policing is the legal competence to enforce coercive, nonnegotiable measures to resolve problematic situations. Such situations are characterized by two features: their potential for harm and the need to solve them urgently before they develop that potential. Hence, the actual use of coercion or the threat of using it allows police to put a quick, nonnegotiated, and conclusive end to problematic situations (e.g., keeping people away from the scene of a fire for their own protection and to allow firemen to do their job).
Following that definition, policing thus may be performed by several different professional organizations: public police forces, private security agencies, the military, and government agencies with various surveillance and investigative powers. The best known of these bodies are the public constabulary forces that patrol public spaces, often in marked cars, and whose members wear a uniform. They are the most visible representatives of the civil authority of government, and they provide the model typically associated with police organizations. However, in many Anglo-Saxon countries—such as Australia, Canada, the United Kingdom, and the United States—there are at least twice as many private security agents as public police officers. Furthermore, security and intelligence agencies that generally operate undercover have played an increasingly important role in combating terrorism, especially since the September 11 attacks in the United States in 2001. Policing has therefore become a complex undertaking that straddles the traditional institutional and jurisdictional distinctions between public and private, criminal and political.
This article focuses on the development of public police organizations and of their policing strategies in Anglo-Saxon countries and the countries of continental Europe, particularly France, which developed the original model of centralized policing. Countries in Africa, Asia, and South America are covered to a lesser extent, mainly because relatively little reliable information on their policing systems is available.
Police and society
There is a remarkable historical, geographic, and organizational diversity in the activities of people who are, or have been, defined as police. Police work has developed considerably from what it was centuries ago. As populations grew and informal institutions of socialization and social control—such as the family, schools, and the church—decreased in effectiveness, police became increasingly necessary. However, no uniform worldwide system of policing ever emerged.
Numerous factors help to explain the diversity of police activities and systems. The types of crime typically committed in a society and the methods used by criminals play a great part in determining a police force's activities. For instance, if criminals use firearms, the police are likely to be armed, or if criminals use computers to commit crimes, the police may establish a special unit dedicated to investigating cybercrimes. History also helps to explain this diversity; e.g., former colonies tend to keep the policing system established by their colonizers. Population plays an important role as well; policing rural areas and villages vastly differs from policing large cities. Foremost among the factors that determine a country's system of policing, however, are the political culture of the society—e.g., whether it is open and democratic or closed and totalitarian—and the state's conception of police accountability.
Policing small communities
Most people willingly obey most laws, whether a police officer is present or not. They comply with the laws because they consider them fair and because they believe that in the long run it is in their interest to observe them. In small communities in which most citizens know each other, people who live up to the community's shared ideals are rewarded with the esteem of their fellow citizens. If they break the law or fall short of other people's expectations, their lives often become more difficult because they are shamed, shunned, or ostracized by the rest of the community and are less likely to receive assistance in times of trouble. In all societies this system of informal rewards and punishments is the most potent aid to law enforcement, but it is strongest in small communities. The forces that order life in a small community thus make the task of the police much easier. Police action is needed only when such informal controls have proved insufficient.
This is why rural and sparsely populated areas are often policed by a single centralized—and often militarized—police force, even in countries that have a decentralized police system. A single police organization operating under a unified command is more cost-effective and more operationally efficient than a bevy of independent small-town police forces. Since the territory to cover may be very large and characterized by difficult terrain, police in such regions must have the long-range mobility and adaptability that are characteristic of military forces. In addition, the countryside has historically been policed by military organizations, as police forces were initially created in urban settings. (The great exceptions to this model are the United Kingdom and the United States, which have long resisted police centralization.)
Policing large societies
In larger and more complex societies, informal institutions of social control are generally weaker, and, as a result, formal institutions are generally stronger. The relative weakness of informal controls is attributable to a number of factors. In large societies people often deal with strangers whom they will never meet again, and in such circumstances there may be fewer informal rewards for honesty or fewer informal penalties for dishonesty. Such communities tend also to be more technologically advanced, which leads to the adoption of new laws, such as those regulating the licensing and operation of automobiles and those concerned with commerce conducted on the Internet (see e-commerce). Because some of these new laws may not have the same moral significance as older laws criminalizing violence, theft, or fraud, people may feel less of an obligation to obey them. Moreover, when new laws are created, crime increases almost necessarily. There is thus a danger that people who are convicted of having violated a new law may feel aggrieved and in the future be less willing to cooperate with the police or to obey the law when they are not being observed. Finally, as societies grow, it becomes more difficult for people to place the public interest ahead of their private interests in circumstances where the two may conflict. An employer who catches an employee committing an offense within the workplace, for example, may choose not to notify the police because he fears that the firm's production, profit, or prestige would suffer if the offense was publicly exposed.


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The 30A community is full of dog lovers as they are seen in abundance happily coupled as they stroll up and down 30A.
Those dog owners now have access to a new upscale grooming boutique located on 30A.
The mother-daughter team of Bonnie and Shea Soroka have opened Shaggy To Chic Dog Grooming & Boutique in
The Sorokas offer full grooming services that include specialty baths, all-natural flea dips, fur cuts and styles, nail trimming, nail grinding, and even blueberry facials for discerning and pampered pups.
"We give them a lot of TLC and take our time," said Bonnie. "We realize we're new to the dog and he's new to us and we want it to be a good experience."
In addition, the shop also carries many other items a dog owner might need, such as leashes, collars, a variety of shampoos for different skin conditions, brushes, combs, sweaters, all-natural insect repellent, and dental care products.
Bonnie said the shop only carries all-natural products.
The boutique also offers two all-natural pet supplements to help support cardiovascular health and assist in the treatment of allergies, arthritis, cancer, and rheumatism, working as an anti-inflammatory and antioxidant, to minimize inflammation and discourage the "itch and scratch" response that can weaken skin and expose it to infection. Free samples are available.
The Soroka's two Shih Tzus, Kobi and Kato think they are treats, said Bonnie.
One procedure Soroka offers that should be popular this time of year is a de-shedding shampooing and conditioning that helps in the removal of a dog's underfur, which he tries to rid himself of in hot summer months. The Sorokas invite you to bring your dog in for a professional de-shedding and grooming.
"We have advanced training in hair removal techniques and in the use of specialized tools for that," said Bonnie. "We use specially formulated shampoos and coat conditioning that allow us to remove more of the unwanted hair than ordinary brushing can not do. There is a lot involved and it is quite messy and time consuming, but it surely gets rid of a lot of loose hair. You will see a dramatic reduction in the amount of unwanted hair on your pet and in your home."
The Soroka family moved here nine years ago to be closer to family.
Bonnie's parents have lived here for 25 years and her mother, Dorothy Starbuck, was selected by the Walton County Tourist Development Council as their first Artist of the Year for 2002-2003. The Sorokas had visited from
With the move, Bonnie's husband, Brian, opened Family Chiropractic in Grayton.
Bonnie said that opening a dog grooming boutique has been her daughter's dream since high school and the mother/daughter duo decided to attend dog grooming school in
"As soon as the clipper was put in my hand, I loved it," she said. "It's the optimal scenario for us."
Shaggy to Chic Dog Grooming & Boutique opened June 10.
The shop is open Monday, Wednesday and Friday from 7:30 a.m. to 4 p.m. and Saturday from 9 a.m. to 2 p.m. For more information call 714-3723, or find them on Facebook at ShaggyToChicDogs.


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This Austrian Crystal Locked Heart with 2 Birthstone Keys is a new twist on the classic heart and key style. This cute, high quality necklace features a 6mm thick solid silver heart lock, with two heart shaped keys attached that can be customized with a birthstone of your choice! This necklace makes a great best friends necklace, couple's necklace, or mother's necklace. Simply add the birthstone of your loved ones to show the world they have the key to your heart! Personalize this custom birthstone heart necklace for valentines, an anniversary, or any day just to show you care. It also makes a great gift for yourself. This necklace comes on your choice of a 16, 18 or 20 inch chain for a perfect fit. Have the front of the heart lock necklace engraved for an extra beautiful touch.
Eve's Addiction.com wants you to be a happy customer. We want you to be completely satisfied with the sterling silver jewelry that you receive from us, as we only sell high quality silver and cubic zirconia cz jewelry. We do understand that you may not like your purchase for some reason.
You may return or exchange your jewelry within 60 days of purchase if you are not satisfied with it. The jewelry must be returned in its original condition for a refund or exchange. Engraved, personalized, photo, monogram, name and initial, chocolate and clearance items are not returnable or exchangeable.


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For an air of mystery, add this gold vermeil locked heart pendant to any outfit. This gold plated silver locked heart will leave everyone wondering who holds the key! The warm glow of gold radiates from this 1 inch tall and 3/4 inch wide locked heart pendant, adding that special something to your style. Available on a 16 or 18 inch gold vermeil rolo, this necklace is a perfect fit for that someone special.
Eve's Addiction.com wants you to be a happy customer. We want you to be completely satisfied with the sterling silver jewelry that you receive from us, as we only sell high quality silver and cubic zirconia cz jewelry. We do understand that you may not like your purchase for some reason.
You may return or exchange your jewelry within 60 days of purchase if you are not satisfied with it. The jewelry must be returned in its original condition for a refund or exchange. Engraved, personalized, photo, monogram, name and initial, chocolate and clearance items are not returnable or exchangeable.


text:
A system that facilitates generation of a unique identifier comprises a random number generator. A unique identifier creator receives a number generated by the random number generator and object instance data associated with an object. The unique identifier creator utilizes the object instance data and the random number to generate a unique identifier for an object associated with the object instance data.
1. A system that generates unique identifiers for work orders utilized in a factory, comprising:
a processor;
a memory communicatively coupled to the processor;
a randomizer component that generates pseudo-random data, wherein the pseudo-random data includes information indexed into at least one system table that indicates information indicating a location in an industrial hierarchy of the factory where a work order is generated; and
a unique identifier creator that receives the pseudo-random data and receives object instance data associated with the work order and combines the object instance data and the pseudo-random data to generate a unique identifier for the work order,
wherein the object instance data comprises time stamp data for the work order utilized in the manufacturing environment and location data for the work order utilized in the manufacturing environment, the location data includes at least one of a path for a machine that created the work order or a node identifier.
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20. A method for uniquely identifying objects generated in a distributed enterprise system, comprising:
employing a processor executing computer executable instructions stored on a computer readable storage medium to implement the following acts:
receiving time-stamp data, related to a time of generation of an object, formatted according to a standard consistent across the distributed enterprise system and location data that identifies a location within the distributed enterprise system where the object is generated;
receiving pseudo-random data from a randomizer component, wherein the pseudo-random data includes information indexed into at least one system table that indicates information indicating a location in an industrial hierarchy where a unique identifier is generated;
combining the time-stamp data, the location data and the pseudo-random data to generate the unique identifier that uniquely identifies the object; and
associating the unique identifier with the object, wherein the object is a work order generated in a factory.
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partitioning the unique identifier into the pseudo-random data, time-stamp data and the location data; and
storing the pseudo-random data, the time-stamp data and the location data within separate fields of a database.
30. The method of
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The present invention relates generally to unique identifiers, and more particularly to creating a unique identifier format that provides benefits in connection with manufacturing applications as well as indexing and searching.
Advancements in computer technology and software have enabled communication to occur almost instantaneously. For example, through email an individual in New York can receive a document, image, message, or the like from an individual in California in a matter of seconds. Such advances in technology are not limited solely to communications, but directly or indirectly affect every business and individual. For instance, industrial control systems have enabled modern factories to become partially or completely automated in many circumstances, thereby reducing cost of the factory and consequently passing on such cost reduction to a consumer.
Development of software components and interfacing therebetween is an exemplary advancement in technology that has facilitated cross-software communication. To ensure that components and/or objects interface correctly, Globally Unique Identifiers (GUIDs) are employed to uniquely identify such interfaces. A GUID is a pseudo-random number used in software applications, wherein each GUID is desirably unique. The GUID is an implementation of a standard entitled Universally Unique Identifier (UUID) as specified by the Open Software Foundation. The UUID standard calls for 128 bits to be employed to uniquely identify a component, object, document, etc. Previously, GUIDs were generated based at least in part upon a network card MAC address (e.g., the address was utilized as part of the GUID), meaning that a document could be tracked to the computer which created such document. Due to privacy concerns, however, today's GUIDs do not include a portion of such network card MAC addresses, and are simply employed as a pseudo-random number for uniqueness.
In a manufacturing setting, disparate systems and/or methodologies are employed to uniquely identify an object, document, etc. For example, an object whose generation is based upon a machine can have a time-stamp associated with such generation, thus identifying the object based upon the time-stamp. Further, a sequential number can be employed to identify an object, document, or the like in a manufacturing environment. For instance, an internal counter can be employed in connection with the machine, and objects, documents, etc. can be assigned an identifier according to sequence of creation. In a distributed computing environment/enterprise system, however, these identification methodologies can prove to be inadequate as overlap may occur. Particularly, two connected devices can generate a component, object, document, or the like at a substantially similar time, rendering time-stamps inadequate as unique identifiers. Further, a reboot or system crash can result in re-numbering and duplication of an assigned sequential number. Accordingly, time-stamps and/or sequential numbering, while important for indexing and searching in a manufacturing environment, are insufficient as unique identifiers in a distributed computing environment/enterprise system.
Data bases are another area in which utilization of unique identifiers may be necessary. Particularly, when there exists a plurality of data bases with disparate formats in an enterprise system, it can be extremely difficult to effectively combine that data and perform data mining tasks across the entirety of the data. A data base contains a plurality of rows and a plurality of fields, wherein each row should be unique so that when two data bases are rolled up (combined), there is no overwriting of data. A GUID can be placed in each row to provide this required uniqueness—however, semantics for identification of the row as the primary key will be lost. For example, names are typically employed as a unique identifier in a stand-alone data base. When several data bases are combined, however, similar files with identical names can cause overwriting of rows, and thus loss of data. Therefore, a GUID can be placed in each to ensure uniqueness between rows, but searching by a GUID is time-consuming and can be frustrating, as it is essentially a pseudo-random number that will mean nothing an individual performing the search.
Accordingly, there exists a need in the art for a system and/or methodology for providing uniqueness to objects, documents, and the like in an enterprise system and/or in a data mining/indexing application.
The following presents a simplified summary of the invention in order to provide a basic understanding of some aspects of the invention. This summary is not an extensive overview of the invention. It is intended to neither identify key or critical elements of the invention nor delineate the scope of the invention. Its sole purpose is to present some concepts of the invention in a simplified form as a prelude to the more detailed description that is presented later.
The following presents a simplified summary of the invention in order to provide a basic understanding of some aspects of the invention. This summary is not an extensive overview of the invention. It is intended to neither identify key or critical elements of the invention nor delineate the scope of the invention. Its sole purpose is to present some concepts of the invention in a simplified form as a prelude to the more detailed description that is presented later.
The present invention makes up for the many of the aforementioned deficiencies of conventional unique identifiers that are employed to identify objects. The subject invention provides a system and/or methodology for generating a unique identifier that can be employed in connection with indexing and/or searching a plurality of objects that are utilized in a manufacturing environment. As manufacturing systems trend towards substantially complete automation, a greater number of objects associated with such automation will be generated. Further, as industries become more global, comparison and indexing of objects relating to manufacturing performance of disparate factories at disparate locations will become more desirable. Such a plethora of objects/data requires an indexing scheme that enables users to quickly and efficiently locate a desired object.
The present invention accomplishes these and other benefits by employing data that is often utilized in a manufacturing environment to uniquely identify objects. More particularly, objects in a manufacturing environment typically are associated with time-stamps and/or sequence numbers, which are defined herein as object instance data. For a specific example, work orders are typically associated with a time-stamp. Indexing an object by a time-stamp alone, however, can result in disastrous overwrite of data, as it is possible that two objects will have substantially similar time-stamps. The subject invention mitigates occurrences of data overwrite by packaging at least object instance data together with a random/pseudorandom number to create a unique identifier. Therefore, for example, in an instance that two objects are time-stamped at a substantially similar time, due to existence of the random/pseudorandom number probabilities of identical identifiers are miniscule.
In accordance with one aspect of the present invention, the unique identifiers are created in accordance with Universal Unique Identifier (UUID) standards. Such a format is beneficial when previously generated objects are identified in a central directory by conventional unique identifiers, such as globally unique identifiers (GUIDs). Utilizing this format provides indexing compatibility between objects identified by conventional identifiers and objects identified by the unique identifiers of the present invention. Thus, a separate indexing scheme is not required, thereby enabling efficient location of objects.
The unique identifiers of the present invention can also comprise/utilize various other identifying indicia in connection with identifying a particular object. For example, an object name, object type, version number, machine identity, node identity, location, and any other suitable identifying indicia can be employed in connection with the present invention to facilitate indexing/identifying an object. More particularly, these identifying indicia can be hashed and placed within the unique identifier according to a pre-determined format (e.g., a format in compliance with UUID standards). Thereafter the unique identifier can be interrogated, and identifying indicia (and the object instance data) can be extracted, analyzed, and/or manipulated according to application requirements.
In accordance with yet another aspect of the present invention, a common set of algorithms can be employed to generate unique identifiers regardless of type of object instance data and/or identifying indicia is utilized to generate such unique identifier. Accordingly, a common indexing scheme can be provided regardless of type of object instance data an/or identifying indicia is employed in connection with generating the unique identifier. This provides a substantial benefit over conventional systems/methods employed to index objects in a manufacturing environment, as several indexing schemes are typically required. Specifically, conventional indexing schemes required objects identified by time-stamps to be indexed separately from objects identified by sequence number.
The present invention further provides for efficient data rollup of a plurality of databases. For one particular example, a car manufacturing company may utilize several plants that exist at disparate geographic locations and store data/objects relating to manufacturing in disparate databases. It is often desirable to direct this data/objects from disparate locations to a single database for comparison and/or recordkeeping. Utilizing conventional object identification systems and/or methods, a chance of data overwrite existed as two machines at two disparate places can generate objects with substantially similar time-stamps and/or sequence numbers. The unique identifiers of the present invention mitigate such occurrences of data overwrite by providing random data within the unique identifier. It is possible to utilize purely random identifiers, such as GUIDs, to identify objects. However, other useful data must be linked as metadata to the objects, causing redundant uniqueness and confusion. Further, employing GUIDs eliminates a possibility of utilizing time-stamps, sequence numbers, or other useful identifying indicia as a primary indexing key. Thus, the present invention provides various benefits in connection with rollup of data over a distributed system.
To the accomplishment of the foregoing and related ends, the invention then, comprises the features hereinafter fully described and particularly pointed out in the claims. The following description and the annexed drawings set forth in detail certain illustrative aspects of the invention. These aspects are indicative, however, of but a few of the various ways in which the principles of the invention may be employed and the present invention is intended to include all such aspects and their equivalents. Other objects, advantages and novel features of the invention will become apparent from the following detailed description of the invention when considered in conjunction with the drawings.
The present invention is now described with reference to the drawings, wherein like reference numerals are used to refer to like elements throughout. In the following description, for purposes of explanation, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. It may be evident, however, that the present invention may be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, well-known structures and devices are shown in block diagram form in order to facilitate describing the present invention.
As used in this application, the terms "component," "handler," "model," "system," and the like are intended to refer to a computer-related entity, either hardware, a combination of hardware and software, software, or software in execution. For example, a component may be, but is not limited to being, a process running on a processor, a processor, an object, an executable, a thread of execution, a program, and/or a computer. By way of illustration, both an application running on a server and the server can be a component. One or more components may reside within a process and/or thread of execution and a component may be localized on one computer and/or distributed between two or more computers. Also, these components can execute from various computer readable media having various data structures stored thereon. The components may communicate via local and/or remote processes such as in accordance with a signal having one or more data packets (e.g., data from one component interacting with another component in a local system, distributed system, and/or across a network such as the Internet with other systems via the signal).
Referring now to the drawings,
The system 100 further includes a randomizer 106, wherein the unique identifier creator 102 receives random/pseudorandom data therefrom. The randomizer 106 is employed to mitigate occurrences of overlapping identifiers. For instance, two objects created at a substantially similar time may be associated with substantially similar timestamps. If those timestamps alone are utilized as identifiers, there will be an overlap and one object may be overwritten. Similarly, a reboot or crash can cause a machine that provides sequential identifiers to overwrite previous sequential identifiers. The randomizer 106 mitigates such occurrences by providing the unique identifier creator 102 with random data. The unique identifier creator 102 combines the object instance data 104 with the random data provided by the randomizer 106 to generate a unique identifier and associate it with an object 108. In accordance with one aspect of the present invention, the generated unique identifier can be 128 bits in size, which is a size of conventional GUIDs. Thus, unique identifiers created in accordance with the present invention are compatible with conventional data structures and/or indexing.
Further, an algorithm employed in connection with the randomizer 106 can embed useable data within pseudorandom data provided by such randomizer 106. Particularly, an algorithm employed to ensure uniqueness within the randomizer 106 can be configured to allow inspection of pseudo random data produced therefrom, thereby enabling inspection/extraction of valuable information about the object identified.
For instance, the pseudo random data can indicate class identification of a computer object, type identification of a computer object, etc. (e.g., the unique identifier is an object identifier and pseudo-random data therein includes indicia relating to its parent in an inheritance hierarchy). Moreover, the pseudo-random data output by the randomizer 106 can include indicia and/or explicit information relating to origin of a unique identifier. This information can be an index into system table(s) that indicates production specific information such as location in a plant/enterprise in which the unique identifier was generated. Thereby time and/or or location indicia relating to the object can be obtained.
The present invention provides various benefits over conventional GUIDs and other identifiers. For example, GUIDs are 128 bits in length, but contain no data that can be employed in connection with indexing objects and/or searching over a plurality of objects. Utilizing a unique identifier generated by the unique identifier creator 102 enables one to index and search based upon information that is useful in a manufacturing setting, such as the object instance data 104 (e.g., time-related data and/or series data). In a particular example, work orders are often associated with timestamps, and are indexed according to such timestamps. In an enterprise environment, indexing such work orders according only to the timestamps is inefficient and can result in data loss. Moreover, an entirely separate indexation is required for objects that are identified sequentially. Thus, for instance, objects identified by timestamps must be indexed separately from objects identified by sequence. In accordance with one aspect of the present invention, the unique identifier creator 102 can employ a set of algorithms that provides a single format for indexation and identification regardless of whether the objects are identified by timestamps or sequence number. Accordingly, the unique identifiers created via employment of the present invention can be interrogated by utilizing a single set of algorithms, rather than requiring disparate algorithms to interrogate/index differing formats (e.g., timestamp and sequence number formats).
The system 100 also provides a mechanism in which to generate unique identifiers that incorporate the object instance data 104 with respect to archived objects. More particularly, the unique identifier creator 102 is not limited to creating unique identifiers at time of creation of the object 108. Rather, the unique identifier creator 102 can be employed to update objects utilized in manufacturing that were previously identified by timestamps and/or sequence number (e.g., the object instance data 104). The unique identifier creator 102 can thereafter access such object instance data 104 and receive random data from the randomizer 106 to create a unique identifier that can be employed to identify the pre-existing object 108. Such an aspect is beneficial during instances that archived data in a data store that was previously not networked is brought into an enterprise system, as it mitigates occurrences of duplicate identifiers and overwriting of data. Further, the unique identifier creator 102 can generate a unique identifier at time of creation of the object instance data 104. Such an aspect enables updating of unique identifiers upon alteration of objects.
In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, the unique identifier creator 102 can receive a plurality of information together with the object instance data 104 to generate a unique identifier. For instance, an assigned name can be placed within the unique identifier, as well as object type, version number, and all other suitable identification information relating to the object 108. The system 100 can also be employed to decipher the unique identifier and break such unique identifier into disparate identifiable portions. For one particular example, the unique identifier can be stored in a database, and the unique identifier creator 102 can be employed to extract the object instance data 104 from the unique identifier and store such object instance data in a field within the database. Similarly, the unique identifier creator 102 can extract the random data generated by the randomizer 106 and place that within a separate field within the database, and other identifying data within the unique identifier can be placed within disparate fields. Thus, data employed by the unique identifier creator 102 to generate the unique identifier exists in separate fields and not within a single unique identifier. Thereafter those fields can be interrogated while maintaining uniqueness of the row of the database encompassing such fields.
In accordance with yet another aspect of the present invention, the unique identifier creator 102 can generate a unique identifier based upon a timestamp independent of a time zone. For example, the unique identifier creator 102 can utilize Universal Coordinated Time to provide a consistent format for the unique identifier across an enterprise system that is distributed throughout a plurality of time zones. Universal Coordinated Time (UTC) is employed around the world, as time zones are expressed as positive or negative differentiations therefrom. Furthermore, the FILETIME time format can be employed by the unique identifier creator 102 to generate and/or modify a timestamp to render such timestamp independent of time zone. Particularly, time-stamp entries employed by the unique identifier creator 102 can employ a substantially similar base time as FILETIME. The FILETIME structure is a 64-bit value representing a number of 100 nanosecond intervals since Jan. 1, 1601 (UTC). In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, Greenwich Mean Time can be employed in connection with generating the unique identifier. Thus, it is to be understood that any suitable time format/conversion can be employed by the unique identifier creator 102 in connection with generating a unique identifier that is independent of time zone of object creation/residency. Alternatively, it may be desirable to utilize local times in connection with a timestamp. Conversions from local time to UTC and vice versa are made by the unique identifier creator 102 to generate a unique identifier according to a desirable format (e.g., time representations can be selected by a user of the present invention). Conversions can include accounting for a local time offset, and can utilize a time according to a server (e.g., SQL date-time) in connection with generating the unique identifier.
Turning now to
The unique identifier creator 202 can also employ various other identifying indicia 214 in connection with generating a unique identifier and associating such unique identifier with the object 212. For instance, object type, version type, version number, object name, location of creation of the object 212, and various other suitable identifying indicia can be employed in connection with the present invention. The unique identifier creator 202 can embed at least portions of the identifying indicia 214 into the unique identifier, and the object 212 can be indexed and/or searched over based at least in part upon the generated unique identifier and contents thereof. For example, the object 212 can be primarily indexed based upon the time-stamp 208, and secondarily indexed based at least in part upon the identifying indicia 214. The randomizer 206 is provided to mitigate occurrences of duplicate time-stamps 208 and/or sequence numbers 210 between two or more objects. By employing a random number in connection with the object instance data 204 and identifying indicia 214, possibilities of generating a duplicate unique identifier for two are more objects are extremely small. This is extremely important given globalization of businesses and current trends towards bringing archived data into a network and trends of rolling up data of different databases.
Now referring to
An interrogator 310 is employed to extract data relevant to an operation and/or search from the unique identifier 302. For example, the interrogator 310 can be utilized to extract and analyze the object instance data 304 within the unique identifier 302. In accordance with one aspect of the present invention, the interrogator 310 employs a common set of algorithms regardless of what type of object instance data 304 resides within the unique identifier 302. For example, two disparate indexing schemes are not required for objects 308 associated with time-stamp data and objects 308 associated with sequence number data. Further, the interrogator can extract and/or analyze other identifying indicia within the unique identifier 302. For instance, the unique identifier can include version number object type, etc., and the interrogator 310 can extract and/or analyze each of such identifying indicia. Thus, a single indexing scheme can be generated when employing the system 300, rather than creating confusing and possibly redundant multiple indexing schemes.
Referring now to
At 402, and object is generated/selected. For instance, the methodology 400 can be employed with newly generated objects as well as archived objects previously created. These objects include any suitable object that is employable within a manufacturing environment. For example, a work order document is an object in accordance with the present invention, as are spreadsheets indicating operation parameters of a plurality of automated machines at a particular point in time. As factories become increasingly automated, objects will more frequently be automatically generated given a particular industrial task.
At 404, object instance data associated with the object is created in a case of a newly generated object and/or obtained in a case of a pre-existing object. Object instance data is defined as a time-stamp and/or a sequence number associated with the object. These types of data are typically utilized in industrial environments to at least partially identify objects created for an application within such environment. This object instance data alone, however, is insufficient to identify objects, particularly in an enterprise environment (e.g., within a unified plant model). This is because objects can be created at substantially similar times, and sequence numbers can overlap due to errors/reboots.
At 406, random data is generated to mitigate occurrences of overlap between identifying indicia of objects. Conventional GUIDs also employ randomness to uniquely identify objects—however, GUIDs are employed solely for such randomness and include no useful information that can be extracted therefrom. At 408, the object instance data is packaged with the random data to generate a unique identifier in accordance with the present invention. A single set of algorithms can be employed regardless of type or combination of object instance data that is employed to identify an object. For instance, a format of the generated unique identifier can be manipulated and controlled to enable a single indexation of objects despite disparate identifiers employed to identify such objects.
At 410, the unique identifier is associated with the generated/selected object to effectively provide unique identification of such object. For instance, the unique identifier can be linked to the object within a database. In accordance with a disparate embodiment, the unique identifier is embedded within an object, and each object can be indexed according to their respective unique identifiers. It is understood that conventional GUIDs can be employed to uniquely identify objects rather than the unique identifiers of the subject invention. There are, however, several deficiencies associated with indexing and identifying objects according to GUIDs. For example, GUIDs require utilization of additional memory space, as useful indicating indicia (e.g., time-related data, sequence-related data, . . . ) must be stored and maintained separately. Further, the GUIDs must be utilized as a primary indexing/searching key if they are employed as a unique identifier. As the GUIDs are solely employed for uniqueness, however, it can be nearly impossible to distinguish between objects. The methodology 400 makes up for such deficiencies by providing object instance data within the unique identifier.
Now referring to
At 504, the unique identifier is interrogated—therefore, at least the object instance data relating to the object is interrogated. For example, a user can request that all objects generated on a particular date be returned to such user for further analysis. Further, requests can be made relating to various other identifying indicia resident within the unique identifier. For instance, the user can request that all objects created on a particular day that are of a particular type be returned to the user. At 506, unique identifier algorithms are provided to effectuate such searching and/or data extraction. In accordance with one aspect of the present invention, substantially similar sets of algorithms are employed to create and interrogate the unique object identifier. This enables generation of a single indexing scheme, even when objects are associated with disparate object instance data.
At 508, objects are returned/indexed based upon the interrogation. For example, during an instance that a user interrogates a plurality of unique identifiers for objects created on a particular date, a listing of such objects can be indexed and/or returned to the user. Further, links or other location specifying devices can be provided to enable the user to select and/or activate a particular object within the listing of objects. Thus, the interrogation can be performed over a single database/index structure rather than requiring the user first to locate an appropriate data base and thereafter interrogate an object.
Now referring to
It is to be understood that the unique identifier 600 can include a greater amount of information than illustrated. For example, the unique identifier can include a MAC ID, a path of a machine that created the object, a version identifier, node identifier, machine identifier, or any other suitable information that can be employed to facilitate identification of an object or portion thereof. Further, hashes of such information are contemplated by the present invention and intended to fall under the scope of the hereto-appended claims. A common set of algorithms is employed to generate all unique identifiers, thereby enabling a single indexing scheme to be created. In accordance with one aspect of the present invention, the time-stamp 606 can employ a substantially similar base time as FILETIME. Other base times, however, can be employed in accordance with the present invention, and conversion between base times as is known in the art can be employed in connection with the unique identifier 600.
Now referring to
It may be desirable to combine the databases 706 with the databases 708 within a central database 710 to effectuate an efficient comparison between performance of location A 702 and performance of location B 704. Utilizing conventional systems and/or methodologies would result in possible overwriting of data, and would require a substantial amount of time to manually separate disparate indexing schemes within the central database 710. For instance, contents of one database at location A 702 may require a different indexing scheme than a disparate database at location A 702 due to different identification schemas (e.g., differences between objects identified by time-stamps and objects identified by sequence numbers). GUIDs could be employed to mitigate occurrences of overwrite, but indexing then becomes problematic due to lack of identifying indicia within the GUID. The unique identifiers of the present invention enable combination of various databases containing objects relating to manufacturing (e.g., data rollup) while providing a singular indexing scheme and mitigating occurrences of data overwrite. Thus, the databases 706 and 708 can be rolled into the central database 710, and objects therein can be interrogated and/or compared.
Turning now to
Turning now to
Referring now to
The system 1000 further includes a unique identifier generator 1010 that creates unique identifiers based upon information contained within the plurality of databases 1004-1008. The databases 1004-1008 include a plurality of rows, wherein each row comprises an object and object instance data associated therewith. The rows can further comprise various other suitable identifying indicia, such as object class, object version, location of generation, etc. For instance, these disparate identifying indicia can reside within a plurality of different fields. This enables a local search component 1012 to search the database 1004 (or any other database attached to the local search component 1012) by field. For example, the search component 1012 can search the database 1004 based upon date of creation of an object. The search component 1012 will then return all objects that were created on the specified day, together with other identifying indicia. A user can thereafter locate a desired object based upon date of creation and other returned indicia, while rows remain unique due to an associated random number within one of the fields together with other identifying indicia.
The present invention contemplates efficient transformation of databases with respect to data resident within fields and unique identifiers. For example, the central directory 1002 can receive a request for a particular object based upon a unique identifier. The central directory 1002 will relay the request to the unique identifier generator 1010, which will generate unique identifications based upon identifying indicia of objects within the databases 1004-1010. For example, the unique identifier generator 1010 can be associated with memory and temporarily store the generated unique identifiers within the memory. In a disparate embodiment, the databases 1004-1008 can be manipulated as shown with respect to
Now turning to
At 1104, object instance data is stored within the database in a plurality of disparate fields. Databases include one or more rows and one or more columns. Thus, each row includes one or more fields where data can be stored. The rows in a database must be unique—otherwise data overlap and data overwrite occur. The object instance data is defined as time-stamps, time-related data, sequence numbers, and/or series-related data. Various other identifying indicia, such as object name, object class, version number, object type, etc. can also be stored within one or more fields within the database.
At 1106, a call from a directory based upon a unique identifier is received. This unique identifier is utilized by the directory to locate an object associated with the unique identifier. For example, the directory will search the fields for a unique identifier that matches the unique identifier that is requested. Upon location of the matching unique identifier, the directory will forward that location onto a requesting machine. At 1108, unique identifiers are generated for objects within the database based at least in part upon the object instance data within the fields. If a random number is not associated with the object, then a random number generator will be provided to ensure uniqueness across an enterprise system between unique identifiers. Thus, a unique identifier can be generated based upon the random number and the object instance data, even if such unique identifier did not previously exist. This generated unique identifier can be stored in the database and associated with the object, or temporarily stored in memory for purposes of locating the object associated with the requested unique identifier. For instance, it may be desirable to keep separateness of instance data and various other identifying indicia in the database, rather than condensing that data into a unique identifier.
At 1110, the directory call is returned with location of the object associated with the matching unique identifier. The methodology 1100 is beneficial over conventional methods of directory-assisted location of objects, as the methodology 1100 utilizes data that is often employed in a manufacturing environment to uniquely identify objects. The methodology 1100 is further compatible with previous indexing schema, such as employing GUIDs or other identifiers generated in a UUID format.
Turning now to
At 1208, the generated unique identifiers are associated with corresponding objects in the database. For example, a unique identifier can be stored in a row with a corresponding object. At 1210, a search is performed over the objects in the database via the unique identifiers by employing a single set of algorithms. As the unique identifiers are created by a common set of algorithms regardless of object instance data associated with a corresponding object, a common set of algorithms can be employed to index/search over the objects via the unique identifiers. Thus, a search for objects generated on a particular day can be utilized without requiring separate indexing of objects associated with sequence numbers.
With reference to
The system bus 1318 can be any of several types of bus structure(s) including the memory bus or memory controller, a peripheral bus or external bus, and/or a local bus using any variety of available bus architectures including, but not limited to, 11-bit bus, Industrial Standard Architecture (ISA), Micro-Channel Architecture (MSA), Extended ISA (EISA), Intelligent Drive Electronics (IDE), VESA Local Bus (VLB), Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI), Universal Serial Bus (USB), Advanced Graphics Port (AGP), Personal Computer Memory Card International Association bus (PCMCIA), and Small Computer Systems Interface (SCSI).
The system memory 1316 includes volatile memory 1320 and nonvolatile memory 1322. The basic input/output system (BIOS), containing the basic routines to transfer information between elements within the computer 1312, such as during start-up, is stored in nonvolatile memory 1322. By way of illustration, and not limitation, nonvolatile memory 1322 can include read only memory (ROM), programmable ROM (PROM), electrically programmable ROM (EPROM), electrically erasable ROM (EEPROM), or flash memory. Volatile memory 1320 includes random access memory (RAM), which acts as external cache memory. By way of illustration and not limitation, RAM is available in many forms such as synchronous RAM (SRAM), dynamic RAM (DRAM), synchronous DRAM (SDRAM), double data rate SDRAM (DDR SDRAM), enhanced SDRAM (ESDRAM), Synchlink DRAM (SLDRAM), and direct Rambus RAM (DRRAM).
Computer 1312 also includes removable/non-removable, volatile/non-volatile computer storage media.
It is to be appreciated that
A user enters commands or information into the computer 1312 through input device(s) 1336. Input devices 1336 include, but are not limited to, a pointing device such as a mouse, trackball, stylus, touch pad, keyboard, microphone, joystick, game pad, satellite dish, scanner, TV tuner card, digital camera, digital video camera, web camera, and the like. These and other input devices connect to the processing unit 1314 through the system bus 1318 via interface port(s) 1338. Interface port(s) 1338 include, for example, a serial port, a parallel port, a game port, and a universal serial bus (USB). Output device(s) 1340 use some of the same type of ports as input device(s) 1336. Thus, for example, a USB port may be used to provide input to computer 1312, and to output information from computer 1312 to an output device 1340. Output adapter 1342 is provided to illustrate that there are some output devices 1340 like monitors, speakers, and printers, among other output devices 1340, which require special adapters. The output adapters 1342 include, by way of illustration and not limitation, video and sound cards that provide a means of connection between the output device 1340 and the system bus 1318. It should be noted that other devices and/or systems of devices provide both input and output capabilities such as remote computer(s) 1344.
Computer 1312 can operate in a networked environment using logical connections to one or more remote computers, such as remote computer(s) 1344. The remote computer(s) 1344 can be a personal computer, a server, a router, a network PC, a workstation, a microprocessor based appliance, a peer device or other common network node and the like, and typically includes many or all of the elements described relative to computer 1312. For purposes of brevity, only a memory storage device 1346 is illustrated with remote computer(s) 1344. Remote computer(s) 1344 is logically connected to computer 1312 through a network interface 1348 and then physically connected via communication connection 1350. Network interface 1348 encompasses communication networks such as local-area networks (LAN) and wide-area networks (WAN). LAN technologies include Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI), Copper Distributed Data Interface (CDDI), Ethernet/IEEE 1102.3, Token Ring/IEEE 1102.5 and the like. WAN technologies include, but are not limited to, point-to-point links, circuit switching networks like Integrated Services Digital Networks (ISDN) and variations thereon, packet switching networks, and Digital Subscriber Lines (DSL).
Communication connection(s) 1350 refers to the hardware/software employed to connect the network interface 1348 to the bus 1318. While communication connection 1350 is shown for illustrative clarity inside computer 1312, it can also be external to computer 1312. The hardware/software necessary for connection to the network interface 1348 includes, for exemplary purposes only, internal and external technologies such as, modems including regular telephone grade modems, cable modems and DSL modems, ISDN adapters, and Ethernet cards.
What has been described above includes examples of the present invention. It is, of course, not possible to describe every conceivable combination of components or methodologies for purposes of describing the present invention, but one of ordinary skill in the art may recognize that many further combinations and permutations of the present invention are possible. Accordingly, the present invention is intended to embrace all such alterations, modifications and variations that fall within the spirit and scope of the appended claims. Furthermore, to the extent that the term "includes" is used in either the detailed description or the claims, such term is intended to be inclusive in a manner similar to the term "comprising" as "comprising" is interpreted when employed as a transitional word in a claim.
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- OriginMaori
- GenderF
- MeaningBeloved child
DescriptionPeople with this name tend to be orderly and dedicated to building their lives on a solid foundation of order and service. They value truth, justice, and discipline, and may be quick-tempered with those who do not. Their practical nature makes them good at managing and saving money, and at building things in the material world. Because of their focus on order and practicality, they may seem overly cautious and conservative at times.
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- Swiveling front wheel allows for superior maneuverability. Locks forward for increased stability when jogging or if the terrain turns tough.
- Easy, two-step folding, lightweight frame for convenient transport and storage.
- State-of-the-art, adjustable suspension system provides an exceptionally smooth ride.
- Accessory Adapter allows for quick and easy attachment of the BOB Infant Car Seat Adapter or Snack Tray.
- Ultra-padded, adjustable reclining seat for enhanced seating comfort. Five-point padded harness helps keep your child comfortably secure.
- Multi-position canopy adjusts for protection against the elements. Large viewing window lets you keep an eye on your baby.
- Lightweight alloy wheels with pneumatic tires and tubes are durable and compact.
- Low Boy Cargo Basket provides plenty of undercarriage storage. Additional space in large seatback pocket. Internal seat pockets provide a great place for snacks and toys.
- A simple twist of the front wheel tracking adjustment knob keeps you rolling straight.
- When engaged, the parking brake helps secure a stopped position.
- Padded handlebar for comfort; wrist strap helps you secure stroller when strolling and provides handy fold lock when folded.
- Weight (Net): 23lb, 10.43kg
- Capacity: 70lb, 31.75kg (Occupant plus luggage weight)
- Frame Materials: High strength aluminum alloy.
- Seat Material: Poly and Dobby weave fabrics with water repellent coating and open cell foam padding.
- Seat Care: Sponge area with a solution of lukewarm water and mild soap. Rinse thoroughly with clean water to remove all soap and allow to dry. DO NOT USE DETERGENT.
- Seat Harness: Padded 5 point harness.
- Safety Features: Padded 5 point harness / parking brake / wrist strap.
- Seat Recline: Adjustable seatback recline, down to 70° from vertical.
- Suspension: Coil spring and elastomer core shock absorbers provide three inches of wheel travel. Adjustable shock release knobs allow for two shock positions to fine-tune suspension for varying occupants and cargo. Position 1: 0-40 lbs. Position 2: 41-70 lbs.
- Tires: Pneumatic tires. 12.5" x 1.75".
- Tubes: Pneumatic with schrader valve.
- Hub: Quick release axle with sealed cartridge bearings.
- Wheels: Aluminum alloy rim.
- Bearings: Sealed cartridge ball bearings.
- Spokes: Stainless steel spokes and alloy nipples.
- Rear Brake: Foot-activated parking brake.
- Wrist Strap: High strength, polyester fabric webbing attached to stroller handlebar. Also used to secure stroller in folded position.
- Canopy Adjustments: 5 position toggle system with a 125° range of coverage provides ample protection from the elements.
- Canopy Window: 85 sq. in (54.8 sq. cm) clear viewing window.
- Handlebar Release Lever: High-impact polymer composite.
- Swing Arm: High strength aluminum alloy.
- Swivel Knob: Durable steel knob and lock-out pin to convert from "walk" mode to "jog" mode.
- Tracking Knob: Adjustable tracking knob to fine tune stroller tracking when front wheel is in "jog" mode.
- Storage: 2 interior mesh seat pockets, 1 large pocket on seatback and large Low Boy Cargo Basket underneath seat.
- Wheel Base: Swivel mode 26.88in (68.3cm) / Jogging mode 32.36in (82.2cm)
- Overall Length: Swivel mode 46.46in (118.0cm) / Jogging mode 51.38in (130.5cm)
- Handle Bar Height: 39.61in (100.6cm)
- Width: 25.30in (64.2cm)
- Interior Seat Width: 14.70in (37.3cm)
- Folded Length, wheels on: Swivel mode 39.20in (99.6cm) / Jogging mode 43.10in (109.5cm)
- Folded Height, wheels on: Swivel mode 19.30in (49.0cm) / Jogging mode 19.30in (49.0cm)
- Folded Length, wheels off: Swivel mode 33in (83.8cm) / Jogging mode 36.90in (93.7cm)
- Folded Height, wheels off: Swivel mode 11.80in (30.0cm) / Jogging mode 10.70in (27.2cm)
Age Recommendations:
BOB recommends that your child should be at least 8 weeks old before riding in a BOB stroller. Please note that babies incapable of holding their head up must have additional head and neck support to ride safely and comfortably. For jogging or off-road stroller use, children should be at least 8 months old.
With the addition of the Infant Car Seat Adapter, newborns can safely ride in the stroller. This accessory will allow parents to use select Infant car Seats with single and double seat BOB Strollers, and will work with the best selling Infant Car Seat models available.
Warranty Information:
All BOB strollers have a five-year warranty on the frame and one year on small parts and fabric. The warranty their strollers against all defects in material and workmanship.
Gift Wrap not available.


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The dedication took place Dec. 1, and the monument can be found at the battlefield park site located off of Griswoldville Road.
The Battle of Griswoldville took place Nov. 22, 1864, and was marked by local Civil War historians with a re-enactment on the battleground two weeks ago. The Sons of Confederate Veterans and the United Daughters of the Confederacy were on the hallowed grounds again Saturday to dedicate a monument to the confederate soldiers who gave their lives in the battle.
The 14-foot obelisk was designed by Martin Bell, and the cost of the monument was $29,000. It is engraved with the names of the Confederate forces involved and the pavers contain some of the individual names of the soldiers. The monument was surrounded by 124 small Confederate flags, which is the estimated number of soldiers who died in the battle.
The Battle of Griswoldville is re-enacted each year in Gray during War Days, which takes place the first Saturday in May. Gen. William Sherman's troops were on their March to the Sea when they encountered the Home Guard at Griswoldville that consisted of mainly young boys and old men armed with muskets. The Confederate soldiers were no match for the Union troops, who not only outnumbered them but were armed with new repeating rifles.
For the full story, pick up a copy of this week's newspaper or subscribe to our e-Edition at http://ee.jcnews.com.


text:
Pregnancy Swelling in 8 Weird Places
8 Surprising Things That Can Swell During Pregnancy
We've all heard of swollen feet during pregnancy, and while it's a not-so-surprising side effect considering they're supporting all that extra weight, the Fred Flintstone-foot look many women sport during pregnancy can often be shocking. Case in point: Kim Kardashian's swollen, but still-rocking-stilletto feet have recently become internet fodder because they just look so crazy uncomfortable (seriously, Kim, put away the four-inch heels . . . for now, at least). But your feet are not the only body parts that can retain fluid while you're expecting. We've all seen a pregnant woman who looked so fluid-filled you kind of wanted to stick a pin in her to see if she'd pop (or maybe you were one of those women?), but water retention can hit less obvious places as well.
It's a condition that doesn't discriminate — both Kim and Jessica Simpson showed off swollen lips during their first pregnancies. Jessica worried it might have been the first stage of "pregnancy face," a side effect that Bethenny Frankel dealt with by massage and putting bags of frozen veggies on her face. "I'm a swollen beast. My face exploded . . . I look like a chipmunk," she tweeted while expecting daughter Bryn. Keep reading for 8 less talked-about body parts that can make for an often uncomfortable, and sometimes unsightly, pregnancy and postpartum experience.


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TRAINING LEVEL: Basic
CLASS SIZE: Minimum: 1 Maximum: 1
This training was prepared by the Transportation Curriculum Coordination Council (TCCC) in partnership with NHI to review the basics of flagger duties. This training is intended for the Transportation Curriculum Coordination Council levels I and II. This training would also be useful as a refresher course for all employees involved with work zone traffic control where flaggers are utilized.
Being a flagger is the most important job on the work site. Careless use of the sign or distraction from duty could cause serious injury to workers or the motoring public. Performing flagger duties diligently can prevent traffic incidents in the work area.
This is a basic training in the area of flagger training. It has been designed for someone learning the first steps in performing flagger duties. This training does not go into individual state flagger training or certification requirements. For more information on flagger training requirements contact your State's safety office.
Upon completion of the course, participants will be able to:
This training is intended for individuals that will be performing or are engaging in flagger duties on construction/maintenance projects. The course will assist them in better understanding the importance and duties involved with flagging on a project. It would be beneficial to the entry level employee as well as the experienced flagger.
If you have questions about this NHI training, please contact NHI at
firstname.lastname@example.com or 877.558.6873.


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Как добраться до Flinders Backpackers
карта и схема проезда
Airport: (Tullamarine airport)
VHA airport shuttle: Picks up at the airport and drops off at our hostel front door, mention Flinders Station Hotel at the time of ticket purchase to get the special price of $20 one way. To pre book tickets email firstname.lastname@example.com or call 03 8566 8525.
Skybus shuttle bus service, operating 24 hours a day, picks up from out the front of each terminal and will drop you off at Southern Cross Station Ticket will cost $19.00.
Airport: (Avalon Airport) Sita Couches operates a shuttle service between Avalon Airport and Southern Cross Station in Melbourne City. It meets all arriving and departing major flights. Tickets cost $22.
From : Southern Cross Station/Bus Terminal
Tram - take tram number 86 or 96 up Bourke Street and then change to any southbound tram along Elizabeth Street.
Train: Take any train to Flinders St Station and exit to Elizabeth St. We are a short walk half a block northbound up Elizabeth Street on the left side and are located on the Corner of Flinders Lane.
Taxi: from the airport will cost approximately $50 - $70