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Erik Perez vs. Johnny Bedford targeted for UFC 159 - MMA Fighting
A bantamweight bout pitting upstart Mexican prospect Erik Perez (13-4) against TUF 14 alum Johnny Bedford (19-9-1) has been targeted for UFC 159. Bedford announced the match-up via Twitter on Wednesday.
UFC 159 takes place April 27, 2013 at the Prudential Center in Newark, NJ. Jon Jones defends his UFC light heavyweight title against fellow TUF 17 coach Chael Sonnen in the night's main event.


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Yes, that is the one. For me it answered some questions that helped to solidify my belief that God works all things according to His will. He does not allow us to hijack it. This analogy came to me about it--a child being pushed in a stroller may have the naive delusion that he is making it move, when in fact the parent is the originator of it all. God is the originator of it all and He will have His perfect will, and thank God, not my will. Have I trod on fragile ground?
The parable of the 100 sheep has a free will component.Think about it....
Quote from: jabcat on July 13, 2012, 08:45:15 AMYes nf, I often entertain that as very real possibilityI think it's the only interpretation that doesn't cause contradictions elsewhere or questions God's abilities.If God created a perfect Adam in the way many think what does that say about God's skills/insight.First He claims Adam is perfect; which means holy and without (the seed of) corruption like Jesus of Himself.Then just a few verses later we see God kicks out Adam because he obviously didn't act very holy.What happened?a] God intended to create a Jesus like Adam but failed because of a design flaw and/or being outsmarted by satan?b] Things went exactly as designed. Meaning "saw it was perfect" simply means everything fitted perfectly in the big Masterplan?c] It was good because it worked as designed including the free will component that soon spread like a virus?I think no Christian goes for option a.Options b and c although not the same thing can't be discussed in depth without at a certain point in that discussion entering the forbidden zone of free will.If the total lack of free will is a fact then obviously the answer is a very clear b]If not a lengthy discussion is at hand :P
Yes nf, I often entertain that as very real possibility
Sorry I did not read the rules as if they were pertaining to me.Now that I read them they make sense.Thank -you.(peace)
Does God allow us to fall, I say yes, for the purpose of understanding. The knowledge of evil (sin) came through the law, but the knowledge of good (righteousness) came through Christ. We have eaten from the tree of the knowledge of good and evil, for the tree contains both the understanding of evil (the understanding of sin and the understanding of law) and the understanding of good (the understanding of righteousness, which comes through Christ, not the law). We had to eat in order for us to understand the Father and who He is; that He is love; that He is righteous.When we make the mistake of thinking that righteousness comes through the obedience of the law in order to avoid punishment, our own mind conceives the thought that if we are avoiding discipline, we are being righteous. This is what I believe to be the mistake of the Pharisees. They avoided punishment through the sacrificial law. But that law has now been done away with. So now, does our righteousness come through the obedience of the rest of the law? no, it comes through the understanding of Christ and who He was and what He did while He was here.Righteousness (doing what is right) came through the example of Christ and the life He lived, acts of kindness, acts of gentleness, acts of forgiveness, acts of compassion, all contained and done through love for mankind. Righteousness comes through acts of love towards others, not through acts of obedience of the law.Of course, this is my understanding.
To make us see that we are flesh and without him we can do nothing. That we have no reason to boast of anything. CHB

subset: commoncrawl


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American Idol
Who is Rachel Hale? American Idol 2013 Contestant Background Info
While some say American Idol has run its course, others think the change in rules and superstar judges are pumping new life into to the long running show. In the end, though, it all comes down to the contestants, and Rachel Hale seemed to have the whole package.
Named on the spoiler list as part of the Top 20 girls, she was an early favorite even before Season 12 started airing. The Nashville native is not only stunning but she's got real talent in the country genre. The judges loved her solo performance during Round 4 of Hollywood Week.
The last time a female country singer won the show was Season 4 with Carrie Underwood. Even though it may be time for another country girl to win, sadly it will not be Rachel. She gave a good performance during the Vegas rounds, but it wasn't enough to earn her a spot in the Top 20.
Source: Twitter, RachelHaleMusic.com


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A sanitary napkin comprising a topsheet having a body-facing side and comprising a plurality of discrete tufts of fibrous material. The topsheet has a lotion composition applied to at least a portion of the body-facing side thereof. An absorbent core is in fluid communication with the topsheet, the absorbent core having an average thickness of less than about 10 mm, and a free absorbent capacity of from about 4 to about 125 grams per gram.
1. A sanitary napkin comprising:
a topsheet having a body-facing side and comprising a plurality of discrete tufts of fibrous material,
a backsheet joined to said topsheet,
a lotion composition applied to at least a portion of said body-facing side of said topsheet,
an absorbent core in fluid communication with said topsheet, said absorbent core having an average thickness of less than about 10 mm, and a free absorbent capacity of from about 4 to about 125 grams per gram;
wherein said topsheet comprises a first precursor web and a second precursor web, wherein said first precursor web comprises a nonwoven web, wherein said second precursor web comprises a nonwoven web, wherein said tufts comprise fibers of said first precursor web and extend from said first precursor web through said second precursor web, wherein said absorbent core is between said first precursor web and said backsheet.
2. The sanitary napkin of
3. The sanitary napkin of
4. The sanitary napkin of
5. The sanitary napkin of
6. The sanitary napkin of
7. The sanitary napkin of
8. The sanitary napkin of
9. The sanitary napkin of
10. The sanitary napkin of
11. The sanitary napkin of
12. The sanitary napkin of
13. A sanitary napkin comprising:
a topsheet having a body-facing side and comprising from 10 to 50 discrete tufts of fibrous material per square centimeter,
a backsheet joined to said topsheet,
a semi-solid lotion composition applied to at least a portion of said body-facing side of said topsheet, and
an absorbent core in fluid communication with said topsheet, said absorbent core being a high internal phase emulsion foam and having an average thickness of less than about 10 mm;
wherein said topsheet comprises a first precursor web and a second precursor web, wherein said first precursor web comprises a nonwoven web, wherein said second precursor web comprises a nonwoven web, wherein said tufts comprise fibers of said first precursor web and extend from said from said first precursor web through said second precursor web, wherein said absorbent core is between said first precursor web and said backsheet.
14. The sanitary napkin of
15. The sanitary napkin of
16. A sanitary napkin comprising:
a topsheet comprising a nonwoven first precursor web and a nonwoven second precursor web, wherein at least one of said precursor webs is relatively more hydrophobic with respect to said other of said precursor webs, and wherein said topsheet further comprises discrete tufts of fibrous material from said first or second precursor webs,
a semi-solid hydrophobic lotion composition comprising petrolatum disposed on at least a portion of said topsheet,
an absorbent core in fluid communication with said topsheet, said absorbent core having an average thickness of less than about 7 mm, and
a backsheet joined to said topsheet;
wherein said absorbent core is disposed between said topsheet and said backsheet.
17. The sanitary napkin of
18. The sanitary napkin of
This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/581,483, filed Jun. 21, 2004.
This application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. application Ser. No. 10/737,306, filed Dec. 16, 2003 now U.S. Pat. No. 7,553,532, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. application Ser. No. 10/453,996, filed May 4, 2003 now U.S. Pat. No. 6,875,112, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. application Ser. No. 10/324,661, filed Dec. 20, 2002, now abandoned.
This application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. application Ser. No. 10/737,430, filed Dec. 16, 2003 now U.S. Pat. No. 7,410,683, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. application Ser. No. 10/610,299, filed Jun. 30, 2003, now abandoned.
This invention relates to fibrous webs such as nonwoven webs suitable for use as a topsheet in a disposable absorbent article. In particular, this invention relates to fibrous webs treated by mechanical formation to have increased softness or bulk properties, and having a lotion applied thereto.
Disposable absorbent articles such as baby diapers, adult incontinence products, sanitary napkins, pantiliners, hemorrhoid treatment pads, bandages, and the like are well known in the art. Such articles generally have a fluid permeable topsheet, and fluid impermeable backsheet, and an absorbent core sandwiched between the topsheet and the backsheet to absorb and contain body fluid exudates.
In some applications of disposable absorbent articles, such as sanitary napkins and pantiliners, it is desirable to not only absorb body fluids, but to minimize fluid on the body of the wearer. Fluid on the body can be minimized by ensuring that the fluid enters the absorbent article, and does not come back out, such as by being pressed or squeezed out during the normal course of wearing the absorbent article, i.e., by sitting or walkin. While much work has been done in to minimize rewet to the body, there remains a need for a disposable absorbent article that helps keep the users body clean and dry.
Accordingly, there is a disposable absorbent article that helps provide for a clean body benefit in the area of sanitary napkins and pantiliners.
Additionally, there is a need for a method for relatively inexpensively making a disposable absorbent article that helps provide for a clean body benefit in the area of sanitary napkins and pantiliners.
A sanitary napkin comprising a topsheet having a body-facing side and comprising a plurality of discrete tufts of fibrous material is disclosed. The topsheet has a lotion composition applied to at least a portion of the body-facing side thereof. An absorbent core is in fluid communication with the topsheet, the absorbent core having an average thickness of less than about 10 mm, and a free absorbent capacity of from about 4 to about 125 grams per gram.
The present invention can be utilized in any of known disposable absorbent products. In a preferred embodiment, however, the present invention comprises a sanitary napkin intended to be used as a menstrual pad. The sanitary napkin of the present invention comprises at least three components: a topsheet, a lotion applied to the topsheet, and an absorbent core in fluid communication with the topsheet. It has been unexpectedly found that, by using the combination of materials disclosed below, a sanitary napkin of the present invention can provide for a desirable clean body benefit. Specifically, the sanitary napkin of the present invention provides for better fluid acquisition and retention, such that less fluid is left on the body of the wearer, or is squeezed back out of the product onto the body of the wearer.
It has been found that application of a semi-solid lotion material to the top surface of a sanitary napkin can modulate skin properties and conditions of the wearer. It is believed that this is due to the semi-solid lotion melting when the article is worn against the body, and subsequent transferring from the topsheet to the skin of the wearer. In a preferred embodiment, the lotion is a hydrophobic semi-solid lotion, which when applied to the top surface of a sanitary napkin, especially when the sanitary napkin has a hydrophobic surface, can confer a benefit of reducing rewet from the article to the wearer's body, resulting in a drier wearing experience.
In one embodiment, a hydrophobic semi-solid lotion is applied to an absorbent article having a hydrophobic topsheet surface. Because such a lotion can tend to negatively affect the acquisition of the fluid into the absorbent article, resulting in soiling of the wearer's body and/or garments, the lotion is preferably applied in non-continuous patterns, such as in stripes or bands. In another embodiment, a hydrophobic semi-solid lotion is applied to an absorbent article having a hydrophilic topsheet surface.
It has been found that a hydrophobic semi-solid lotion material disposed on the outer, lateral side areas of a sanitary napkin having a hydrophobic topsheet allows for good fluid acquisition, reduced rewet, and reduced residual fluid on the body and transfer to the wearer's body. For example, the lotion can be applied in longitudinal stripes or bands. In one embodiment, the lotion is applied in two 22 mm stripes of longitudinally oriented bands, separated by a gap of about 20 mm free of lotion in the center of the article. Without being bound by theory, it is believed that when used with the topsheet and the core of the present invention, this permits the benefit of reduced rewet while preserving acquisition because the lotion can transfer to the wearers body more efficiently, particularly when the wearer's body is in motion. A hydrophobic coating can help prevent menses from sticking to the body, for example. Further, the lotion can also transfer back to the topmost area of the article. This lotion coating of the previously uncoated surface of the article appears not to compromise the functioning of the article's surface and underlying absorbent materials, as might be the case when the semi-solid is melted and then uniformly applied on the surface by spray or slot coat application.
When the lotion of the present invention is applied as described and worn by the user, it is surprisingly found that only a small amount of the semi-solid lotion material transferred to the non-applied areas of the topsheet lowers rewet, without negatively affecting fluid acquisition. For example, in one embodiment, lotion in the amount of about 7 grams per square meter (gsm) on the areas of the topsheet (e.g., the stripe) where it is applied is adequate for transferring sufficient amounts of lotion to the skin and hair of the wearer. In other embodiments, lotion can be added at a basis weight of from about 8-20 gsm, in one gsm increments. In one embodiment, the lotion can be applied only to the tips of tufts 6 by use of a kiss roll, or printing roll, or the like. Such a topsheet delivers skin care and fluid handling benefits regardless of the underlying absorbent core and other components of the sanitary napkin.
The following description will describe in order: a topsheet of the present invention, a lotion of the present invention, and an absorbent core of the present invention.
Web 1 has a first side 3 and a second side 5, the term "sides" being used in the common usage of generally planar two-dimensional webs, such as paper and films that have two sides when in a generally flat condition. Each precursor web 20 and 21 has a first surface 12 and 13, respectively, and a second surface 14 and 15, respectively (shown in
In one embodiment, first side 3 of web 1 is defined by exposed portions of the first surface 13 of second precursor web 21 and at least one, but preferably a plurality of, discrete tufts 6 which are integral extensions of the fibers of at least first precursor web 20 and preferably both precursor webs. As shown in
As used herein, the term "nonwoven web" refers to a web having a structure of individual fibers or threads which are interlaid, but not in a repeating pattern as in a woven or knitted fabric, which do not typically have randomly oriented fibers. Nonwoven webs or fabrics have been formed from many processes, such as, for example, meltblowing processes, spunbonding processes, hydroentangling, airlaying, and bonded carded web processes, including carded thermal bonding. Fibers can be bicomponent, multicomponent, multiconstituent, and the like, as known in the art. The basis weight of nonwoven fabrics is usually expressed in grams per square meter (gsm). The basis weight of the laminate web is the combined basis weight of the constituent layers and any other added components. Fiber diameters are usually expressed in microns; fiber size can also be expressed in denier, which is a unit of weight per length of fiber. The basis weight of laminate webs suitable for use in the present invention can range from 10 gsm to 500 gsm.
The constituent fibers of nonwoven precursor web 20 or 21 can be comprised of polymers such as polyethylene, polypropylene, polyester, and blends thereof. The fibers can comprise cellulose, rayon, cotton, or other natural materials or blends of polymer and natural materials. The fibers can also comprise a super absorbent material such as polyacrylate or any combination of suitable materials. The fibers can be monocomponent, bicomponent, and/or biconstituent, non-round (e.g., capillary channel fibers), and can have major cross-sectional dimensions (e.g., diameter for round fibers) ranging from 0.1-500 microns. For example, one type of fibers suitable for the nonwoven web includes nanofibers. Nanofibers are described as fibers having a mean diameter of less than 1 micron. Nanofibers can comprise all of the fibers in a nonwoven web or a portion of the fibers in a nonwoven web. The constituent fibers of the nonwoven precursor web may also be a mixture of different fiber types, differing in such features as chemistry (e.g. PE and PP), components (mono- and bi-), denier (micro denier and >20 denier), shape (i.e. capillary and round) and the like. The constituent fibers can range from about 0.1 denier to about 100 denier.
As used herein, "spunbond fibers" refers to small diameter fibers which are formed by extruding molten thermoplastic material as filaments from a plurality of fine, usually circular capillaries of a spinneret with the diameter of the extruded filaments then being rapidly reduced. Spunbond fibers are generally not tacky when they are deposited on a collecting surface. Spunbond fibers are generally continuous and have average diameters (from a sample of at least 10) larger than 7 microns, and more particularly, between about 10 and 40 microns.
As used herein, the term "meltblowing" refers to a process in which fibers are formed by extruding a molten thermoplastic material through a plurality of fine, usually circular, die capillaries as molten threads or filaments into converging high velocity, usually heated, gas (for example air) streams which attenuate the filaments of molten thermoplastic material to reduce their diameter, which may be to microfiber diameter. Thereafter, the meltblown fibers are carried by the high velocity gas stream and are deposited on a collecting surface, often while still tacky, to form a web of randomly dispersed meltblown fibers. Meltblown fibers are microfibers which may be continuous or discontinuous and are generally smaller than 10 microns in average diameter.
As used herein, the term "polymer" generally includes, but is not limited to, homopolymers, copolymers, such as for example, block, graft, random and alternating copolymers, terpolymers, etc., and blends and modifications thereof. In addition, unless otherwise specifically limited, the term "polymer" includes all possible geometric configurations of the material. The configurations include, but are not limited to, isotactic, atactic, syndiotactic, and random symmetries.
As used herein, the term "monocomponent" fiber refers to a fiber formed from one or more extruders using only one polymer. This is not meant to exclude fibers formed from one polymer to which small amounts of additives have been added for coloration, antistatic properties, lubrication, hydrophilicity, etc. These additives, for example titanium dioxide for coloration, are generally present in an amount less than about 5 weight percent and more typically about 2 weight percent.
As used herein, the term "bicomponent fibers" refers to fibers which have been formed from at least two different polymers extruded from separate extruders but spun together to form one fiber. Bicomponent fibers are also sometimes referred to as conjugate fibers or multicomponent fibers. The polymers are arranged in substantially constantly positioned distinct zones across the cross-section of the bicomponent fibers and extend continuously along the length of the bicomponent fibers. The configuration of such a bicomponent fiber may be, for example, a sheath/core arrangement wherein one polymer is surrounded by another, or may be a side-by-side arrangement, a pie arrangement, or an "islands-in-the-sea" arrangement.
As used herein, the term "biconstituent fibers" refers to fibers which have been formed from at least two polymers extruded from the same extruder as a blend. Biconstituent fibers do not have the various polymer components arranged in relatively constantly positioned distinct zones across the cross-sectional area of the fiber and the various polymers are usually not continuous along the entire length of the fiber, instead usually forming fibrils which start and end at random. Biconstituent fibers are sometimes also referred to as multiconstituent fibers.
As used herein, the term "non-round fibers" describes fibers having a non-round cross-section, and includes "shaped fibers" and "capillary channel fibers." Such fibers can be solid or hollow, and they can be tri-lobal, delta-shaped, and are preferably fibers having capillary channels on their outer surfaces. The capillary channels can be of various cross-sectional shapes such as "U-shaped", "H-shaped", "C-shaped" and "V-shaped". One preferred capillary channel fiber is T-401, designated as 4DG fiber available from Fiber Innovation Technologies, Johnson City, Tenn. T-401 fiber is a polyethylene terephthalate (PET polyester).
As used herein, the term "integral" as in "integral extension" when used for the tufts 6 refers to fibers of the tufts 6 having originated from the fibers of the precursor webs. For example, fibers in tufts 6 can be integral with, i.e., originated in, first precursor web 20. Therefore, the looped fibers 8 and non-looped fibers 18 of tufts 6, can be plastically deformed and extended fibers of the first precursor web 20, and are, therefore, integral with first precursor web 20. As used herein, "integral" is to be distinguished from fibers introduced to or added to a separate precursor web for the purpose of making tufts, as is commonly done in conventional carpet making, for example.
The number, spacing, and dimensions of tufts 6 can be varied to give varying texture to first side 3 of web 1. For example, if tufts 6 are sufficiently closely spaced the first side 3 of web 1 can have a terry cloth-like feel. Alternatively, tufts 6 can be arranged in patterns such as lines or filled shapes to create portions of a laminate web having greater texture, softness, bulk, absorbency or visual design appeal. For example, when tufts 6 are arranged in a pattern of a line or lines, the tufts can have the appearance of stitching. Tufts 6 can also be arranged to form specific shapes, such as designs, words or logos. Such shapes can be used, for example, on laminates useful for hotel bath towels or robes which can have the name or logo of the hotel formed thereon. Likewise, the size dimensions, such as the height, length and width of individual tufts 6 can be varied. Single tufts can be as long as about 3 cm in length and can be made alone or dispersed among tufts of various sizes.
First precursor web 20 can be a fibrous woven or nonwoven web comprising fibers having sufficient elongation properties to have portions formed into tufts 6 as described more fully below. Tufts are formed by urging fibers out-of-plane in the Z-direction at discrete, localized, portions of first precursor web 20. The urging out-of-plane can be due to fiber displacement, i.e., the fiber is able to move relative to other fibers and be "pulled," so to speak, out-of-plane. More often, however, for most nonwoven first precursor webs 20, the urging out-of-plane is due to the fibers of tufts 6 having been at least partially plastically stretched and permanently deformed to form tufts 6. Therefore, in one embodiment, depending on the desired height of tufts 6, the constituent fibers of a nonwoven first precursor webs 20 can exhibit an elongation to break of at least about 5%, more preferably at least about 10%, more preferably at least about 25%, more preferably at least about 50%, and more preferably at least about 100%. Elongation to break can be determined by simple tensile testing, such as by use of Instron tensile testing equipment, and can generally be found on material data sheets from suppliers of such fibers or webs.
It can be appreciated that a suitable precursor webs should comprise fibers capable of experiencing sufficient plastic deformation and tensile elongation, or are capable of sufficient fiber mobility, such that looped fibers 8 are formed. However, it is recognized that a certain percentage of fibers urged out of the plane of the first surface 12 will not form a loop, but instead will break and form loose ends. Such fibers are referred to herein as "loose" fibers or "loose fiber ends" 18 as shown in
First precursor web 20 can be a fibrous woven or nonwoven web comprising elastic or elastomeric fibers. Elastic or elastomeric fibers can be stretched at least about 50% and return to within 10% of their original dimension. Tufts 6 can be formed from elastic fibers if the fibers are simply displaced due to the mobility of the fiber within the nonwoven, or if the fibers are stretched beyond their elastic limit and are plastically deformed.
Second precursor web 21 can be virtually any web material, the only requirement being that it have sufficient integrity to be formed into the laminate by the process described below. In one embodiment, it can have sufficiently less elongation properties relative to first precursor web 20, such that upon experiencing the strain of fibers from first precursor web 20 being urged out-of-plane in the direction of second precursor web 21, second precursor web 21 will rupture, e.g., by tearing due to extensional failure, such that portions of first precursor web 20 can extend through, (i.e., "punch through" so to speak), second precursor web 21 to form tufts 6 on first side 3 of web 1. In one embodiment second precursor web 21 is a polymer film. Second precursor web 21 can also have sufficient elongation properties to be formed into looped fibers, as described above with respect to first precursor web 20.
A representative tuft 6 for the embodiment of web 1 shown in
As can be appreciated by the description herein, in many embodiments of web 1 openings 4 of second precursor web 21 will have a distinct linear orientation and a longitudinal axis, which is oriented parallel to the longitudinal axis L of its corresponding tuft 6. Likewise, openings 4 will also have a transverse axis generally orthogonal to longitudinal axis in the MD-CD plane.
As shown in
In one embodiment flaps 7 do not contribute significantly to the material of tufts 6, and particularly do not contribute significantly to the tactile quality of tufts 6. In one embodiment, therefore, the laminate web 1 comprises at least two layers (i.e., precursor webs 20 and 21), but at least one of the layers (i.e., precursor web 21 in
In one embodiment, flaps 7 may extend out of plane significantly, even being as high, so to speak, as the tufts 6 themselves. In this embodiment flaps 7 can cause the tufts 6 to be more resilient and less susceptible to flattening due to compressive or bending forces. In one embodiment, therefore, the laminate web 1 comprises at least two layers (i.e., precursor webs 20 and 21), and both layers affect the tactile qualities of tufts 6.
Tufts 6 can comprise looped fibers from both precursor webs. Therefore, tufts 6 can be, in a sense, either "punched through" second precursor web 21 or "pushed into" the tufts of second precursor web 21. In either case, it can be said that first and second precursor webs can be "locked" in place by frictional engagement with openings 4. In some embodiments, for example, the lateral width of opening 4 (i.e., the dimension measured parallel to its transverse axis) can be less than the maximum width of the tooth that formed the opening (per the process described below). This indicates a certain amount of recovery at the opening that tends to constrain tuft 6 from pulling back out through opening 4. The frictional engagement of the tufts and openings provides for a laminate web structure having permanent tufting on one side that can be formed without adhesives or thermal bonding.
Because in some embodiments at least one of the layers (e.g., a relatively low elongation polymer film or tissue paper second precursor web 21 in
As shown in
In contrast, non-looped fibers 18 are integral with, but only begin in first precursor web 20 and have a free end extending outwardly in the Z-direction from first surface 13 of second precursor web 21. Loose fibers 18 can also have a generally uniform alignment described as having a significant or major vector component parallel to the Z-CD plane.
For both looped fibers 8 and loose fibers 18, the alignment is a characteristic of tufts 6 prior to any post-manufacture deformation due to winding onto a roll, or compression in use in an article of manufacture.
As used herein, a looped fiber 8 oriented at an angle of greater than 45 degrees from the longitudinal axis L when viewed in plan view, as in
The orientation of looped fibers 8 in the tufts 6 is to be contrasted with the fiber composition and orientation for first precursor web 20, which, for nonwoven webs is best described as having a substantially randomly-oriented fiber alignment. In a woven web embodiment, the orientation of the looped fibers 8 in tufts 6 could be the same as described above, but the fibers of first precursor web 20 would have the orientation associated with the particular weaving process used to make the web, e.g., a square weave pattern.
In the embodiment shown in
In some embodiments, due to the preferred method of forming tufts 6, as described below, another characteristic of tufts 6 comprising predominantly looped, aligned fibers 8, can be their generally open structure characterized by open void area 10 defined interiorly of tufts 6, as shown in
Additionally, as a consequence of a preferred method of making web 1, the second side 5 of web 1 exhibits discontinuities 16 characterized by a generally linear indentation defined by formerly random fibers of the second surface 14 of first precursor web 20 having been urged directionally (i.e., in the "Z-direction" generally orthogonal to the MD-CD plane as shown in
From the description of web 1 comprising a nonwoven first precursor web 20, it can be seen that the fibers 8 or 18 of tuft 6 can originate and extend from either the first surface 12 or the second surface 14 of first precursor web 20. Of course the fibers 8 or 18 of tuft 6 can also extend from the interior 28 of first precursor web 20. As shown in
Therefore, from the above description, it is understood that in one embodiment web 1 can be described as being a laminate web formed by selective mechanical deformation of at least a first and second precursor webs, at least the first precursor web being a nonwoven web, the laminate web having a first side, the first side comprising the second precursor web and a plurality of discrete tufts, each of the discrete tufts comprising a plurality of tufted fibers being integral extensions of the first precursor web and extending through the second precursor web; and a second side, the second side comprising the first precursor web.
The extension of fibers 8 or 18 can be accompanied by a general reduction in fiber cross sectional dimension (e.g., diameter for round fibers) due to plastic deformation of the fibers and Poisson's ratio effects. Therefore, the aligned looped fibers 8 of tuft 6 can have an average fiber diameter less than the average fiber diameter of the fibers of first precursor web 20. It is believed that this reduction in fiber diameter contributes to the perceived softness of the first side 3 of web 1, a softness that can be comparable to cotton terry cloth, depending on the material properties of the first precursor web 20. It has been found that the reduction in fiber cross-sectional dimension is greatest intermediate the base 17 and the distal portion 31 of tuft 6. This is believed to be due to the preferred method of making, as disclosed more fully below. Briefly, as shown on
Referring to
The method of making a web 1 of the present invention in a commercially viable continuous process is depicted in
The process and apparatus of the present invention is similar in many respects to a process described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,518,801 entitled "Web Materials Exhibiting Elastic-Like Behavior" and referred to in subsequent patent literature as "SELF" webs, which stands for "Structural Elastic-like Film". However, there are significant differences between the apparatus and process of the present invention and the apparatus and process disclosed in the '801 patent, and the differences are apparent in the respective webs produced thereby. As described below, the teeth 110 of roll 104 have a specific geometry associated with the leading and trailing edges that permit the teeth to essentially "punch" through the precursor webs 20, 21 as opposed to, in essence, deforming the web. In a two layer laminate web 1 the teeth 110 urge fibers from a first precursor web 20 simultaneously out-of-plane and through second precursor web 21, which is punctured, so to speak, by the teeth 110 pushing the fibers 8 through to form tufts 6. Therefore, a web 1 of the present invention can have tufts 6 of loose fiber ends 18 and/or "tunnel-like" tufts 6 of looped, aligned fibers 8 extending through and away from the surface 13 of a first side 3, unlike the "tent-like" rib-like elements of SELF webs which each have continuous side walls associated therewith, i.e., a continuous "transition zone," and which do not exhibit interpenetration of one layer through another layer.
Precursor webs 20 and 21 are provided either directly from their respective web making processes or indirectly from supply rolls (neither shown) and moved in the machine direction to the nip 116 of counter-rotating intermeshing rolls 102 and 104. The precursor webs are preferably held in a sufficient web tension so as to enter the nip 16 in a generally flattened condition by means well known in the art of web handling. As each precursor web 20, 21 goes through the nip 116 the teeth 110 of roll 104 which are intermeshed with grooves 108 of roll 102 simultaneously urge portions of first precursor web 20 out of the plane of first precursor web 20 and through second precursor web 21 to form tufts 6. In effect, teeth 110 "push" or "punch" fibers of first precursor web 20 through second precursor web 21.
As the tip of teeth 110 push through first and second precursor webs 20, 21 the portions of the fibers of first precursor web 20 that are oriented predominantly in the CD across teeth 110 are urged by the teeth 110 out of the plane of first precursor web 20. Fibers can be urged out of plane due to fiber mobility, or they can be urged out of plane by being stretched and/or plastically deformed in the Z-direction. Portions of first precursor web 20 urged out of plane by teeth 110 push through second precursor web 21, which due to its relatively lower extensibility, ruptures, thereby resulting in formation of tufts 6 on first side 3 of web 1. Fibers of first precursor web 20 that are predominantly oriented generally parallel to the longitudinal axis L, i.e., in the MD of precursor web 20 as shown in
It can be appreciated by the forgoing description that when web 1 is made by the apparatus and method of the present invention that the precursor webs 20, 21 can possess differing material properties with respect to the ability of the precursor webs to elongate before failure, e.g., failure due to tensile stresses. In particular, a nonwoven first precursor web 20 can have greater fiber mobility and/or greater fiber elongation characteristics relative to second precursor web 21, such that the fibers thereof can move or stretch sufficiently to form tufts 6 while the second precursor web 21 ruptures, i.e., does not stretch to the extent necessary to form tufts. However, in other embodiments, both precursor webs have sufficient elongation such that fibers thereof can move or stretch sufficiently to form tufts 6.
The degree to which the fibers of nonwoven precursor webs are able to extend out of plane without plastic deformation can depend upon the degree of inter-fiber bonding of the precursor web. For example, if the fibers of a nonwoven precursor web are only very loosely entangled to each other, they will be more able to slip by each other (i.e., to move relative to adjacent fibers by reptation) and therefore be more easily extended out of plane to form tufts. On the other hand, fibers of a nonwoven precursor web that are more strongly bonded, for example by high levels of thermal point bonding, hydroentanglement, or the like, will more likely require greater degrees of plastic deformation in extended out-of-plane tufts. Therefore, in one embodiment, first precursor web 20 can be a nonwoven web having relatively low inter-fiber bonding, and second precursor web 21 can be a nonwoven web having relatively high inter-fiber bonding, such that the fibers of first precursor web can extend out of plane, while the fibers of second precursor web 21 cannot. Upon sufficient force applied to first precursor web 21, the fibers therein tend to extend, while the fibers of second precursor web, unable to extend, tend to break.
The number, spacing, and size of tufts 6 can be varied by changing the number, spacing, and size of teeth 110 and making corresponding dimensional changes as necessary to roll 104 and/or roll 102. This variation, together with the variation possible in precursor webs 20, 21 permits many varied webs 1 to be made for many purposes. For example, web 1 made from a first precursor web 20 comprising a relatively high basis weight woven fabric having MD and CD woven plastically-extensible threads and a second precursor web 21 comprising relatively high basis weight, relatively low-extensible synthetic polymer nonwoven material could be made into a strong, porous ground covering, such as an erosion control device useful for reducing sloping path deterioration and enabling growth of indigenous vegetation in unstable soil.
An enlarged view of teeth 110 is shown in
As shown in
While not wishing to be bound by theory, it is believed that if the fibers of the precursor webs have a highly curvilinear shape, e.g., curled fibers, the resultant tufts 6 will have more looped fibers 8 and less broken fibers 18 as compared to more linear fiber conformations. It is believed that such fiber conformations have a lesser chance of bridging between two adjacent teeth, and, as a result they are less prone to be stretched beyond their breaking point, and thus have a greater chance of forming complete loop structures. Furthermore, such curvilinear-shaped fibers can be made by using eccentric bicomponent fibers, or side-by-side bicomponent fibers, such as bicomponent fibers consisting of polyethylene and nylon.
In preferred embodiments first and second precursor webs are nonwoven webs in which there are minimal fiber-to-fiber bonds. For example, the precursor web can be a nonwoven web having a pattern of discrete thermal point bonds, as is commonly known in the art for nonwoven webs. In general, however, it is desirable to minimize the number of bond points and maximize the spacing so as to allow for maximum fiber mobility and dislocation at during formation of tufts 6. In general, utilizing fibers having relatively high diameters, and/or relatively high extension to break, and/or relatively high fiber mobility, results in better and more distinctly formed tufts 6.
Although web 1 is disclosed in preferred embodiments as a two layer web made from two precursor webs, it is not necessary that it be limited to two layers. For example, a three-layer or more laminate can be made from three precursor webs, as long as one of the precursor webs can extend and push through openings in another layer to form tufts. For example, web 1 could comprise the top sheet, secondary topsheet, and core of hygiene products. In general, it is not necessary that adhesive or other bonding means be utilized to make laminate web 1.
The constituent layers of web 1 (e.g., precursor webs 20 and 21 and any other layers) can be held in a face-to-face laminated relationship by virtue of the "locking" effect of the tufts 6 that extend through openings 4 in second precursor web 21. In some embodiments it may be desirable to use adhesives or thermal bonding or other bonding means, depending on the end use application of web 1. For example, a web 1 comprising bicomponent fiber nonwoven webs can be through-air bonded after formation of tufts 6 to provide for layer-to-layer adhesion for greater peel strength. Additionally, it may be desirable to apply adhesive to at least a portion of one of the precursor webs. For example, in some embodiments adhesive, chemical bonding, resin or powder bonding, or thermal bonding between layers can be selectively applied to certain regions or all of the precursor webs. In the case of adhesive application, for example, adhesive can be applied in a continuous manner, such as by slot coating, or in a discontinuous manner, such as by spraying, extruding, and the like. Discontinuous application of adhesive can be in the form of stripes, bands, droplets, and the like.
In a multilayer web 1 each precursor web can have different material properties, thereby providing web 1 with beneficial properties when used as a topsheet in a disposable absorbent article such as a sanitary napkin. For example, web 1 comprising two (or more) precursor webs, e.g., first and second precursor webs, can have beneficial fluid handling properties. For superior fluid handling, for example, first precursor web 20 can be comprised of relatively hydrophilic fibers. Second precursor web 21 can be comprised of relatively hydrophobic fibers. The tufts 6 of such a web could form a topsheet having a relatively hydrophobic body-facing surface, with hydrophilic tufts to pull fluid away from the body and through the topsheet. Fluid deposited upon the upper, relatively hydrophilic tufts can be quickly transported away from the relatively hydrophobic layer to the portion of the article underlying the second precursor web layer (e.g., the absorbent core). Without being bound by theory, it is believed that one reason for the observed rapid fluid transport is the capillary structures formed by the generally aligned fibers 8, 18 of tufts 6. The fibers 8, 18 form directionally-aligned capillaries between adjacent fibers, and the capillary action is enhanced by the general convergence of fibers near the base 17 of tufts 6.
It is believed that the rapid fluid transport is further increased due to the ability of fluid to enter the web 1 via the voids 10 defined by looped tufts 6. This "lateral entry" capability and/or capillary action, and/or the hydrophilicity gradient afforded by the structure of web 1 makes web 1 an ideal material for optimal fluid handling for disposable absorbent articles. In particular, a multilayer web 1 can provide for even greater improvement in fluid handling characteristics.
Web 1 is especially useful as a topsheet 206 of sanitary napkin 200. Web 1 is particularly beneficial as a topsheet 206 for sanitary napkins due to the combination of excellent fluid acquisition and distribution to the absorbent core 204, and excellent prevention of rewet to the body-facing surface of topsheet 206 when in use. Rewet can be a result of at least two causes: (1) squeezing out of the absorbed fluid due to pressure on the sanitary napkin 200; and/or (2) wetness entrapped within or on the topsheet 206. In a preferred topsheet 206 both properties, fluid acquisition and fluid retention, are maximized and rewet is minimized. Said differently, preferably a topsheet will exhibit high rates of fluid acquisition, and low levels of rewet.
A topsheet 206 can be made by using a nonwoven first precursor web 20 and a fluid impermeable polyethylene film second precursor web 21. The basis weights of the component webs can be varied, however, in general due to cost and benefit considerations a total basis weight of between about 20 gsm and 80 gsm is desirable for web 1. When a sanitary napkin is used having a topsheet 206 comprising web 1 with first side 3 being the body-facing side, and the second side 5 being in fluid communication with an underlying absorbent core, fluid can be acquired by tufts 6 on first side 3 of web 1 and wicked through second precursor web 21 to second side 5 of web 1 which can then be desorbed to the absorbent core 204. Because tufts 6 are discrete and spaced apart, and are separated by a fluid impermeable second precursor web 21, rewet can be minimized. Alternatively, web 1 could be used with first side 3 being the fluid communication side and second side 5 being the body-facing side. This enables the discontinuities 16 to potentially allow fluid to be transported into or through the tufts 6.
In a sanitary napkin of the present invention, topsheet 206 has applied thereto a semi-solid lotion composition. The lotion composition can be any of known lotions, such as lotions comprising petrolatum, which can provide a skin benefit to the user. In a preferred embodiment, the lotion also provides a clean body benefit to the user. That is, the lotion preferably coats the body and renders menses less susceptible to sticking to the body, including hair and skin. Preferably, therefore, the lotion is hydrophobic, and renders hair and skin hydrophobic.
Lotion can be applied in any manner known in the art for applying lotions to nonwoven webs. Lotion can be applied to the tips (i.e., the distal ends) of tufts 6. It has been found that applying lotion to the tips enables efficient transfer to the skin of the wearer. Without being bound by theory, it is believed that the tufts act as little brushes to wipe the lotion onto the body during motion, such as walking.
The lotion of the present invention can include those disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,968,025; U.S. Pat. No. 6,627,787; U.S. Pat. No. 6,498,284; U.S. Pat. No. 6,426,444; U.S. Pat. No. 6,586,652; U.S. Pat. No. 3,489,148; U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,503,526; 6,287,581; U.S. Pat. No. 6,475,197; U.S. Pat. No. 6,506,394; U.S. Pat. No. 6,503,524; U.S. Pat. No. 6,626,961; U.S. Pat. No. 6,149,934; U.S. Pat. No. 6,515,029; U.S. Pat. No. 6,534,074; U.S. Pat. No. 6,149,932WO 2000038747; or EP-A 927,050.
In addition to (or instead of) lotion treatments, the topsheet 206 (or portions thereof) can be treated with other materials or compositions to render it sufficiently hydrophobic. For example, the topsheet can be treated with silicone treatments, low surface energy treatments, fluorinated hydrocarbon treatments. In general, relatively hydrophobic means a material or composition having a contact angle with water of at least about 70 degrees, preferably at least about 90 degrees. In general, low surface energy means between about 20 and about 60 dynes per square centimeter, preferably from about 20 to about 50 dynes per square centimeter, and more preferably from about 20-40 dynes per square centimeter.
In a preferred embodiment, web 1 is used as a topsheet 206 in conjunction with a high capacity and highly absorbent core 204. In general, a preferred absorbent core is an airlaid core of the type disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,445,777; or U.S. Pat. No. 5,607,414. In a preferred embodiment, absorbent core 204 is the type generally referred to as high internal phase emulsion (HIPE) foams, such as those disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,550,167; U.S. Pat. No. 5,387,207; U.S. Pat. No. 5,352,711; and U.S. Pat. No. 5,331,015. In a preferred embodiment, absorbent core 204 has a capacity after desorption at 30 cm of less than about 10% of its free absorbent capacity; a capillary absorption pressure of from about 3 to about 20 cm; a capillary desorption pressure of from about 8 to about 25 cm; a resistance to compression deflection of from about 5 to about 85% when measured under a confining pressure of 0.74 psi; and a free absorbent capacity of from about 4 to 125 grams/gram. Each of these parameters can be determined as set forth in U.S. Pat. No. 5,550,167, issued Aug. 27, 1996 to DesMarais. One advantage of utilizing the airlaid or HIPE foam cores as disclosed is that the absorbent core can be made very thin. For example, an absorbent core of the present invention can have an average caliper (thickness) of less than about 20 mm, preferably less than about 10 mm, and the thickness can be less than about 5 mm.
As can be understood from the above description of webs 1 and apparatus 100 of the present invention, many various structures of webs 1 can be made without departing from the scope of the present invention as claimed in the appended claims. For example, topsheet 206 can additionally be coated or treated with medicaments, cleaning fluids, anti-bacterial solutions, emulsions, fragrances, or surfactants. Likewise, apparatus 100 can be configured to only form tufts 6 on a portion of the web 1, or to form varying sizes or area densities of tufts 6.
Another advantage of the process described to produce the webs of the present invention is that the webs can be produced in-line with other web production equipment or in-line with disposable absorbent article production equipment. Additionally, there may be other solid state formation processes that can be used either prior to or after the process of the present invention. For example, a web could be processed according to the present invention and then apertured with a stretching process, such as one described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,658,639 to Curro et al. Alternatively, a material could be made into a composite through a variety of processes, such as one described in US Publication No. 2003/028,165A1 to Curro et al. or ring rolled, for example as in U.S. Pat. No. 5,167,897 to Weber et al. and then processed according to the present invention. The resulting webs can thus exhibit the combined benefits of these multiple material modifications.
All documents cited in the Detailed Description of the Invention are, in relevant part, incorporated herein by reference; the citation of any document is not to be construed as an admission that it is prior art with respect to the present invention. To the extent that any meaning or definition of a term in this written document conflicts with any meaning or definition of the term in a document incorporated by reference, the meaning or definition assigned to the term in this written document shall govern.
While particular embodiments of the present invention have been illustrated and described, it would be obvious to those skilled in the art that various other changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. It is therefore intended to cover in the appended claims all such changes and modifications that are within the scope of this invention.
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Last weekend we spent Easter in Wadsworth Ohio with a Scott and Jo Lynn Brooks and their family. Scott and I worked together in Denver back in the 90's and is now the pastor of a church in Wadsworth. It was a great time and very encouraging.
This week Debbie and I have been attending the Together for the Gospel Pastors conference in Louisville. We have heard some really good speaking, received some very helpful training and been with some wonderful Cadence colleagues that we don't get to see very often.
Today we leave Louisville and make a short drive to Shelbyville where we will spend the weekend with Andy McDonald and his family. Andy was a soldier who fellowshipped in our Hospitality House back it 1985 and has been on staff at a church here for years. He is a dear friend and we are looking forward to being with him.
We will head for home next week. We have had a great trip but feel like we have been gone for a long time and are looking forward to being back home!


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Modern Blush Save the Date - Nadia & Thomas
Inspired by the romance of Europe, this save the date is so delicate and pretty. A warm hand-lettered script, paired with a thin elegant ampersand, unites your names and highlights your marriage-to-be!
A2 flat (4.25" x 5.5")
Shown on blush texture paper, which has a luxurious textured finish. 300gsm paper with 30% post consumer recycled content.
*Offer valid for new email subscribers. Promo code will be delivered via email.


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21st Century Guitar Method 1
The Most Complete Guitar Course Available. Composed by Aaron Stang. Guitar Method or Supplement; Method/Instruction. 21st Century Guitar Course. VHS Video Only - NTSC format. Published by Alfred Music (AP.EL03842VID).
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Ultimate Beginners Series Video - Alto Sax Volume II (VHS)
Alto saxophone - Beginner
Edited by Tim Landers. Method/Instruction; Woodwind - Saxophone Video. The Ultimate Beginner Series. CPP video; Level two. Instructional. Instructional video: VHS (NTSC). Published by Alfred Music (AP.VH0393).
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Effortless Mastery Seminar Video
Composed by Kenny Werner. For any instrument or voice. Deals with practice & performance hinderances and ways to let creative powers flow.. Beginner, intermediate, advanced. VHS (NTSC). Published by Jamey Aebersold Jazz (JA.EMV)
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Asia has a disproportionate share of the world's young, working-age population—which represents the most mobile cohort—with resulting major immigration flows to other regions of the world, and increasing intraregional migration as aging and demographic transitions occur at different levels within Asia. The research here focuses in particular on how the labor-sending countries of the region, notably the Philippines and other Colombo Process countries, manage these migration flows, engage in bilateral and multilateral cooperation with migrant-receiving nations, and engage their diasporas. The recruitment process and regulation of recruitment agencies also represent a strand of the work offered here.
Nearly 2 million of the 4 million-strong Vietnamese diaspora live in the United States, with many having come in the immediate aftermath of the Vietnam War and during the long-running Indochinese refugee crisis. With April 30 marking the 40th anniversary of the fall of Saigon, learn more about the Vietnamese diaspora in the United States and Vietnam's contemporary and historical migration experience.
Internal migration spurred primarily by employment and marriage helps shape the economic, social, and political life of India's sending and receiving regions. Labor migrants face myriad challenges, including restricted access to basic needs such as identity documentation and social entitlements. This article describes the barriers to integration that labor migrants face, and details the policy environment surrounding their integration challenges.
Seeking economic success, many nations have created legal opportunities to "buy" their passports.
Non-permanent, circular migration between nations has increased. Graeme Hugo of the University of Adelaide looks at the implications for development in Asia.
Brij V. Lal of the Australian National University explains the link between Fiji's recent political turbulence and the increasing numbers of Fijian emigrants.
Australia's shifting immigration policies, which increasingly favor high-skilled workers while retaining a focus on family reunification, are leading to greater inflows of women.
Maruja M.B. Asis, of the Philippines Scalabrini Migration Center, maps out the obstacles and opportunities facing the swelling ranks of women migrant workers in Asia.
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BETSY LAYNE - The Betsy Layne Ladycats dropped their second straight game on Monday, falling to Pikeville in a non-district game played at the Dome. Visiting Pikeville pulled away to beat the Ladycats 45-36.
Pikeville posted its third win in four outings, improving to 11-3.
Betsy Layne dropped to 9-7 after suffering the loss.
Pikeville shot 45.2 percent (14-of-31) from the field. The Lady Panthers were four-of-seven from 3-point range.
Pikeville was 13-of-24 (54.2 percent) from the free throw line.
Amber Sexton led a balanced Pikeville scoring effort with 13 points.
Rachel Potter narrowly missed both double figures and a double-double, scoring 13 points and grabbing 10 rebounds.
Sara Biery also scored nine points for the Lady Panthers.
Pikeville controlled the boards, outrebounding Betsy Layne 30-23.
Emma Looney and Savanna Nunemaker scored six points apiece for the Lady Panthers. Another contributing player, Emily Thacker, tossed in two points for the Pikeville girls' basketball team.
The Ladycats struggled offensively, finishing 16-of-61 from the field. Betsy Layne was held scoreless from beyond the arc, finishing zero-for-eight.
Free throw shooting also hurt the Ladycats. Betsy Layne was four-of-21 from the foul line.
Paige Watkins paced Betsy Layne with a game-high 22 points. Watkins was the only Betsy Layne scorer to reach double figures. Brandy Morrow scored six points and T.J. Tackett tossed in four as Betsy Layne fell. Chloe Johnson and Kelsi Tackett chipped in two points apiece for the Ladycats.


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Revs Match Notes
All you need to know about the Quakes match against the New England Revolution on Saturday
May 13, 2010
The San Jose Earthquakes will try to make it three-in-a-row when they take the field at Gillette Stadium against the New England Revolution on Saturday. Kickoff is set for 3 p.m. in a rematch from Week Four, a game that San Jose won 2-0 on the strength of goals by Chris Wondolowski and Ike Opara. The last Revs match started a scoring spree by Wondolowski who has now tallied in four straight.
For every detail of this week's match-up, download a full version of the MATCH NOTES.


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Lindsay Lohan was ARRESTED at 4 AM Thursday in New York City for allegedly punching a woman at a New York City nightclub ... law enforcement sources tell TMZ.
TMZ's sources say Lohan was at Club Avenue when she got into some sort of argument with a female patron and it became physical. We're told cops came and arrested Lindsay for allegedly assaulting her.
Law enforcement tells us prior to the fight words were exchanged between Lindsay and the woman as they sat in separate booths near each other. Lindsay said something to the effect of, "Give me my space." Some time passed and then, for some reason, Lindsay allegedly punched the girl in the left side of her face.
TMZ's told by the time cops arrived Lindsay had left the club and was a passenger in a car that was leaving the area. Cops intercepted the car and made the arrest.
While Lohan was in cuffs, she kept repeating, "Are you kidding me? Are you kidding me?"
Lindsay was booked for 3rd degree misdemeanor assault, given a desk appearance ticket (meaning she must show up in court in the near future) and released several hours after she was taken into custody. Law enforcement says she was "visibly tired" at the station.
TMZ was told investigators went back to the club looking for security footage of the alleged altercation.
And this isn't Lindsay's only legal problem. TMZ broke the story ... she is about to be charged with lying to cops in June after her car accident on Pacific Coast Highway. She told them she was a passenger in the Porsche when actually she was driving.
And, if Lindsay is formally charged with the latest crime, it could trigger yet another probation violation.
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Homosexuality in Jewish Thought
We Also Recommend
The sources of Judaism's traditional position on homosexuality and gay issues are well known. Two verses in Leviticus (18:23 and 20:13) express unequivocal condemnation of male homosexual sex (although it is not clear whether what is referred to is intercourse or all sexual acts between men). According to Leviticus 20:13: "If a man lies with a man as one lies with a woman, both of them have committed an abomination; they shall surely be put to death; their blood shall be upon them."
As evident by its language, the biblical prohibition does not extend to female homosexual acts, though later commentators disapproved of lesbianism. One rabbinic source associates female homosexuality with the activities of the Egyptians and Canaanites, from which the Jews are supposed to abstain. Other authorities describe lesbianism as lewd or promiscuous, but do not consider it a capital offence. The Leviticus verses also imply that it is the act of homosexual sex, not the homosexual person, that is abhorred.
Much attention has been given to the word "abomination" (to'evah in Hebrew). Though the terminology seems callous, the same word is used in Deuteronomy 14:3 in reference to forbidden animals. Several traditional sources temper the harshness of the "abomination" by citing the lack of procreative potential as the reason for the abominable nature of the homosexual act. Interestingly, the medieval book Sefer HaHinuch compares homosexual sex to marrying a barren woman.
Nonetheless, the traditional Jewish position on homosexuality is still difficult for many liberal-minded Jews, and the liberal denominations have debated the extent to which gays and lesbians can be fully integrated into religious communities.
The first and least controversial step taken by the Conservative, Reconstructionist, and Reform movements was to endorse civil equality for gays and lesbians. The CCAR, the Reform movement's rabbinical council, took an early and active role in fighting for gay rights. In 1977 it drafted a call to decriminalize homosexual sex and to end all discrimination based on sexual orientation.
Did you like this article? MyJewishLearning is a not-for-profit organization.


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Apple will be announcing the iPhone 5s today and iMore is going to be the absolute best place to keep up-to-date with all the news and views. Seriously, have you seen our iOS 7 preview? Our history of iPhone? Our complete iPhone 5s rumor rundown? Well, wait until you see what we have in store for you next! Yeah, STILL only the beginning! So make sure you to follow us on App Store, RSS, Twitter, App.net, Facebook, Google+iMore, YouTube, or iTunes!
And to show how much we appreciate you we want to give you one more chance to enter to win a brand new iPhone 5s - technically a $500 gift certificate, which depending on your contract situation, could be way more than enough! All you have to do to enter is:
- Leave a single comment below telling us how much you love Apple and how much you love iMore!
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imore is the only place I go to get all the latest and greatest apple news.
I am a fairly recent convert, starting with the original iPad and since have switched everything from iPhone to Macbook Pro, you can say I am hooked on Apple and of course I depend on iMore for all my latest news fix. Love and love on both counts! Thanks for all your hard work guys!
+1 for Apple. I believe in their philosophy of putting people first with their technology. It is this belief that I always try to bring to my work as a developer. Futhermore, iMore has been a great resource for good, reliable, and truthful reporting of Apple news. Props to Rene and the team!!
I love iMore because whenever I need any info or if I need to purchase any accessory for my apple products it's all here, all in one place, www.imore.com the name describes it all "i more"!!!
I have no words to describe why I love Apple, Apple its just awesome!!!
I have never owned an iPhone before. Too expensive for me at the moment. That doesn't mean I wouldn't like to have one!
iMore has been my go to site for all things technological! Thank you for keeping all of us up to date! I love Apple products because for this single, busy mom, it has simplified my life in such a manner that I spend time doing more of what I love to do, which is being with my children.
apple - great products and innovation
imore - great reviews and insight on above and beyond.
will ios7 be released today?
I had an Apple ][+ back in the day, then took a couple decades off (mostly using Unix/Linux), and finally came back on board with Apple about 5.5 years ago when I got a Macbook Pro. I've been very happy since.
I started reading iMore (then TiPB) and a few other Apple-related sites in 2009, when Apple released a 27-inch iMac just a month or two after I'd bought a 24-inch one. I decided I needed to be better informed about the likely timing of new products. :-)
For the longest time I was of the mindset that Apple computers were only for geniuses. But when I learned that a colleague/friend of mine was an avid Mac user for the sheer simplicity and the fact they weren't a computer genius, I began to explore the world of Apple. Once I started down that path I haven't looked back since! I got my first MacBook Pro (still do) in 2009 for my birthday and I was blown away by how simple and powerful, and elegant, and "how it just works", I began to seek out other Apple products. Not because they were "cool" or had that popularity, but because I loved the hardware, software, and the business itself. Since I've been a Apple user, I have searched and discovered and hopped from one tech/Apple resource to the next. That was until I discovered iMore (TiPb). The amount of in depth coverage and insight and help you provide to your readers is second to none! I truly appreciate the thoroughness and the accuracy that come from the high level of standards of journalism from the iMore team. You guys are the best, and I don't say that lightly! I have yet to return to any other Apple tech source for the plain and simple fact that iMore supplies all my tech needs! Thanks guys!!
I visit imore.com every day! How great would it be to leave crapdroid to go back to iOS. Worst decision of my life!
Imore is a great site!!!!
I've had just about all of the different mobile OS's and fell in love with the iOS and I've been following iMORE since the Tipb days! Love you guys!
I'd love to win this especially if they actually have the touch id.
Sent from the iMore App
I just bought my first Ipad 3 months ago and since then all I can think of is apple, apple, apple... Planning to buy an iphone 5s but if I can get one for free, that would be insane! More power imore!
I will love Apple about twice as much as I do now if they can get fingerprint unlock working well. I had an Motorola Atrix and I miss that feature a *lot*.
And iMore's one of the best tech sites out there. You Mobile Nations guys do a great job of reporting on tech that you love without getting fanboy/girl-ish. That's harder than it sounds.
Can't wait to see the new iphone/s. Also looking forward to the public release of ios 7.
Thanks iMore for bringing the freshest apple news, you guys are awesome.
I am an Apple Certified Field Tech, been using Apple products since 1991. My first Mac I purchased for myself was a Powerbook 3400, and then upgraded it to a G3. Currently use an iPhone 4s, iPad mini, 27" iMac and 2012 Macbook Air for work. I love Apple obviously and only read iMore for my apple news fix! Good luck to everyone, and hope I get a shiny new iPhone 5 in "Vader" black! =)
The iPhone 3G was my first smart phone (still have it actually) and I can't wait to get my hands on the 5S! I have a special place in my heart for Apple and all of their products :D
Keep up the great work, iMore! I read everyday to keep up to date!
I have a iphone 3gs and have been waiting till it's technology has really been pushed to it's max. I can play some great games but newer ones are out of my reach and the operating system is beginning to lag. I doubt I could get away with using it with ios 7. This new iPhone5s looks to be awesomely fast! I love how you guys at iMore keep us up on the latest developments. I'm always checking in to see what new rumors and info you've uncovered. I keep waiting on more Mac Pro info! That's my next big purchase and I'll be watching here to find out all about it. Thanks guys.
I'll take one!
I love Apple almost as much as I love iMore! I love being updated on Apple news!
I will win.
I love Apple I cant wait for the event!!! I wouldn't be so excited for the event if it wasn't for imore getting me so pumped up for it all my friends ask me whats going on with apple because they know how much I am on imore.com I love this sight!
I love Apple because of their patience among the hate and I love iMore because of the amount of great coverage and community. :). Good luck to everyone :D
I actually love iMore than Apple. The news and commentary is always assuring, informative and never reactionary.
Having said that, I'm all in with Apple. Hand me the Kool-Aid.
I love Apple because it is a company that doesn't just mass produce products because it can. It takes it time to refine details and produce a product that will enhance its consumers lives. And its all done with class, sophistication, and simplicity.
The reason I love imore.com is because it is the number 1 pitstop for all things Apple. The good, the bad, and the ugly. I love imore because Rene rocks. The reviews on Apple's products and 3rd party products come in handy when deciding which accessories will compliment your iPhone, iPod Touch, or iPad.
My favorite thing about iMore is how prolific you guys are. I don't know how you manage to crank out so many quality posts in a day! As for Apple, it's having a computer in my pocket all the time. ;) PS: Pick me!
I love Apple 'THIIIIIIIISSSS' much. [hand gestures wide]
I love iMore 'THIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIISSS' much. [hand gestures wider]
I love Georgia 'THIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIISSS' much. [you get the picture]
I love imore is because u have many news of tech I excited when have some new product imore will preview the tech thing and talk like to hear to. I love apple is because I have iMac and ipad I just one new product iPhone 5s on now, apple are my first choice of product I wanted when I buy pc or tablet. I like apple is because they have IOS and many more so hope I can get new iPhone 5s on hand. I love imore and apple horrey....
I check iMore daily, In my opinion, it's THE trusted source. I'm so excited about iPhone!! I have come up with my own slogan, "Perfect just got more perfect" I want more... iMore!! Love this site!!!!
I love Apple because of the quality, and the ecosystem and how the company represents itself to the world. I love iMore for for it's comprehensive and quality coverage of news, reviews, and opinion. Would love to get the 5S
well i always wanted to own an iPhone. its been considered as the phone with a style statement, but i could never afford one coz its too expensive in India. So... maybe i could win one here on iMore :)
Would love to win a new iPhone 5s!!!!
Pick me, pick me!!!
Apple is my favorite company and has been since I was a kid. New product releases are my Super Bowl and imore is my stadium of choice. I love this site because it always keeps me up to date!
i love iMore because there iS nothing better on the iNternet. iFTW.
As much as people complain about Apple's walled garden, jail, and whatever they want to call it, Apple has the best approach to their business. I have had a MacBook Pro for years and it still runs wonderfully. I have had an iPad (until it got stolen :/ ) that was so sleek and beautiful. For this reason I would love to win an iPhone, as I have never had one before and still have a "dumb" phone. Only Apple crafts such visually appealing products that run like champs on the inside as well.
Speaking of champs, let's get to iMore. Who else has THE MOST up-to-date and complete run down of all things Apple? Who else had an iOS 7 preview as extensive? Who else fed us every rumor of the iPhone 5S? iMORE, iMORE, iMORE! Need I say more?
I love to know more than my cube neighbor... Thank you iMore :)
i would love an iphone5s!
Good lord! Almost 1,600 comments at this point, count me in
Sent from the iMore App
I love it soooo much I'd let it swallow this shaft....in front of my wife
I love Apple because they make stuff that just works. I love iMore because Rene Ritchie rocks my face off!!!
I love Apple and iMore for all the gadgets and lifestyle that comes with quality products and truthful reporting.
I love Apple like the rain loves the fall.
Once you go Mac you won't go Back. Apple and iMore for life!
I love apple and iMore.com for giving me all the latest information going on in the iUniverse.
I feel that apple provides the most stable and highest quality products. I guess you can say the same about iMore!
I love apple products because they just work and I love imore because they keep me up to date with the goings-on in the world of all things Apple!!
A couple years ago, my wife was leery when I recommended that she switch from a Motorola Droid X to an Apple iPhone 4S. After using the phone for 5 minutes, she was thrilled with the iPhone. Thank you, Apple, for making an excellent device, and thank you to iMore for providing quality information on apps, accessories, and answers to questions to allow us to use our Apple products in ways we never thought possible.
I love the build quality of Apple products, and iMore always keeps me informed of the latest in Apple news!
My blood is Apple sauce.
I'm a Blackberry user... But I've always been interested in trying an iPhone and with iOS7 and it's new touch in design, it looks fresh and new. Can't say I don't love Apple for its hardware and ecosystem! :) And despite reading a lot more on CrackBerry, iMore does keep me updated often in regards to Apple-related news!
i would love to win something
The phones are hhhhhhheeeecitc
I don't love iPhone, but iMore is cool. Do I win? ;)
Apple and iPhone and iMore are so great! Wahahahaha!
I have been using an iPad 2 and my iPhone in my class for several years now. The iOS system has been excellent and useful for everything from making videos to creating activities. I use iMore for the answers to all of my Apple questions, and I send tons of people here daily as they ask me for help with their iProducts.
Let's make it happen captn'... joined to comment just for this. Don't really love iMore like the rest of you apparently do, but I have no issues with it-plus hey you can't go wrong with free stuff! Maybe then the love will sprout.
Enjoy your day.
#IChooseBlackBerry10 because I get things done (too soon)?
I've been an apple enthusiast since I got my first iPhone back in 2007. iMore is by far my favorite source for the latest apple news because it rarely posts false info or pathetic link bate. Thanks for all your hard work guys!
I jumped into the Apple family with the 3GS and have been loving it ever since. Followed up with the 4 and 5, iPad 1-3 and 3 Apple TV's in the house... oh and an iMac. Having said that I enjoy iMore even more for their interesting and insightful journalism. I can trust iMore will give me the fact straight and not just fanboy it!
I love apple because their devices make my life easier. As a student and aspiring creative professional, I have a lot on my plate. Apple's mobile devices and iCloud help me stay on top of my crazy schedule, share files and keep in touch while the powerful MacBook Pro gives me a portable and stable platform to run the software I need to do my job.
Apple's simply the best! How can anyone not love it? I personally love apple for all the effort and dedication they put into their work and they always deliver the best! And Imore is just great It literally is the first tab I open whenever I go online ! I love it because its the only place I go to whenever I want to know something about apple!
Hello lovely iMore Staffers!
So, I'm not trying to butter you guys up or anything .. but this site is totally rad. Yes, I said rad. Yes, I know "rad" is really not what the "kids" are "saying" anymore, but whatever. After years of being slightly less of a BlackBerry addict (and psuedo-advocate), I made the natural progression to the Apple promise land a couple years ago, and haven't looked back. As a poor college student, I rationalized eating ramen noodles and burritos for two weeks just so I could get a new iPhone.
I hate ramen. Burritos are alright, but pass on the ramen.
Please, allow me to continue my path of iPhone progression and own this new piece of awesomeness.
Love always,
Apple continues to lead the market with products that consistently deliver the features and performance desired by their customers. iMore continues to supply us with up-to-date information involving iOS and iDevices.
If I win it will be my first iPhone ever! That would be nice !
I have everything Apple except of the phone, I think iMore need to fix it
Big fan of iMore because it's my one stop for all my Apple news, app reviews and sneak peaks of upcoming products. Big apple fan since purchasing my first black macbook. Coming from a PC I thought macs were too difficult to use because I wasn't used to it. Little did I know it was the easiest, fastest, most reliable platform of them all. The feeling did't waver once getting my hands on the first iphone, been a fan ever since and would love to win the 500$ towards the latest push of innovation from apple.
Apple was and is so innovative that it has pushed the limits of technology years beyond current consumer technology. It has done so with an aggressive marketing strategy while having a soft core that has enhanced millions of lives. Children are even touched by this brilliance.
iMore, gotta luv ya! You're my daily read whether it be to stay current with Apple tech and competitors' tech or to just learn about features for iOS, apps, or the hardware themselves. Truly, a great place with a wealth of knowledge while allowing its followers to voice their opinions and discuss those opinions. Keep up the good work!
how much i love apple and imore? i like them just like stars from the sky that no one knows how much it is .. Apple just like the shining star and imore just like NASA that always give the things that we want to know ... :) Apish <3 Apple N iMore
Apple continues to make amazing innovations, and imore continues to report them FIRST and with unparalleled reliability!!!
I love my iphone and ipad mini because they just work so well without all the endless adjustments associated with android products. Everything seems to have been so well thought out. Apple makes prducts for "doers," not "do-it-yourselfers."
iPhone 5S!!!
Who wouldn't like it (:)
I can't wait for the event to begin!!
I never win anything, but it doesn't mean I am going to give up. Thanks iMore for this opportunity. You guys are the best!
Sent from the iMore App
Apple rules all schools. After winning the $500 gift certificate, a savory iMore tattoo will be emblazoned on my lower back in celebratory fashion! Like George Washington, I cannot tell a lie! On a side note, I haven't had my coffee yet and that unequivocal claim may be revisited once caffeine is coursing through my veins. At very least, I can guarantee vigorous posts and tweets will be repeatedly flooding news feeds and timelines on said day of victory.
All kidding aside, iMore is the ultimate source of Apple news. Heck, even Rush Limbaugh agrees. Keep up the great work.
That time of year again... count me in!
Can't wait. This will be the best iPhone to date. Hoping they actually do upgrade the camera. I have become an addict to the iphone photography post that imore.com put on a few months back. It has helped out so much. Since then I have purchased both olloclips and enjoy using those!
Thank you iMore! You guys are great!
I love Apply because they make the best quality devices on the market today, and iMore helps me better use these devices with helpful tips and tricks. Thanks iMore!
I love Apple simply because of their products. They show how much they care about the customers by offering the best quality products with the best design.
Although i only recently found out about imore, you quickly became my first choice for Apple related articles, mostly because of the excellent coverage, great depth of the content and excellent editors. Thank you for that! :)
Love Apple and Love iMore!!!!!!!
I've made my rounds from Blackberry to Android to iOS to Windows Phone and came back to iOS. Apple's device synergy is unmatched and their software (both mobile and OSX) is second to none. To say that I love this company would be an understatement; they've invaded my home and are more like a part of the family to me.
With regards to iMore, this is hands down the best Apple tech site on the interwebs. My literary swoons would not be sufficient enough to express my deep appreciation for you and your associates, but I will try: Mi amore, iMore.
I never win anything, but that's not going to stop me from trying. Thanks iMore for this opportunity!
Sent from the iMore App
I love technology in general.. Apple, android and all the options.. I sold my iphone 5 and I am sitting with an iphone 3gs.. Please give me a new iphone 5s!!
I love Apple because for the most part "it just works". I love iMore because it is one-stop shopping for everything Apple.
Sent from the iMore App
Hmm...free iPhone? Why not.
I love iMore because you guys will give me my next apple device :P HAHAHA !
Okay, here is the best place to find everything about Apple, which is just the best brand in the world, integration, design, quality... everything they do is awesome!
I would love to get the new 5S, I think they've come a long way and I would love the change to try one out. As for the site, it just keeps getting better and better.
I LOVE THIS SITE! Always looking out for us fans!!!! Can't wait to have my new iPhone 5s!!!! Thanks!!!
Because....well I just do!
I LOVE all things Apple and iMore.com for keeping me updated on events, news, and them amazing app reviews! I do have to say that the new iPhone 5s, looks marvelous....you look marvelous darling! haha! (: Thank you iMore for having these great contests!!
Apple all day keeps the windoze away.
'nuff said ;)
I am a huge apple fan!! All the products in my house are Apple (iPad iPhone Apple TV, Mac). As for imore?!? I spend probably several hours a day reading through articles comments blogs you name it !!! Rene has my dream job!!!
Sent from the iMore App
I love Apple because it gifted us with the iPhone; I love iMore because it teaches us how to get the most of it :)
Lets Hope the 5s is worth the hype.
I'm in heaven today! iMore, thank you for all the amazing work you do! Even if I don't win the 5s contest I think it's awesome that you do fun stuff like this to engage your followers- thanks for being great Rene and Gang!
Love Apple because of the quality and feel of their products. Everything works they way is supposed to work and little problems.
Imore is just consistent with their information and i just reload the page every 5 minutes to read the most recent news
as a fairly recent apple convert (first iPhone was the 4S), i must say that as much as people claim that iOS is stale, I left android for that very reason. Every Android phone I owned was so boring and no matter what skin I used, it was the same old laggy sub par experience. I haven't looked back since and I'm mostly looking forward to the new iOS7 more than any hardware announcement. iMore has been a great resource through my learning curve, and I often rely them for troubleshooting tips and the latest iOS news!
I believe iPhone 5S is being build for Security. Just like 4S was for Siri and Speed, 5S will be for security, in all senses of the word. Of course Security will come in the new Fingerprint Sensor home button, but that security will also be for linked Password Keychains (as we have learned is an integral part of both iOS 7 and OS X Mavericks) as well as security for stored credit card information (another integral feature of the new Apple software across all platforms). Should NFC be included, which I doubt it will be on this iteration, NFC security could also come into play.
I envision Apple forcing users to use the Fingerprint Scanner for Security to access password keychains, credit card information, social media sites, and most importantly, to unlock the iPhone 5s.
I love Apple and I love the information that iMore provides. I would never buy another phone. The best part of Apple products is that they work out of the box and there is nothing complicated about using them.
Thanks for the contest. I am a big fan of the blog, and it has me very excited for this new phone. I'm especially excited by the possibilities the fingerprint sensor presents.


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CHAPMANVILLE — West Virginia State Police noticed a vehicle with improper registration and it led to the arrest of Glenn Edward Vincell, 30, of Chapmanville.
The vehicle was in the area of Fountain Place when the officers noticed it. A man who identified himself as Michael Farris was standing next to the vehicle and he told the officers he was with someone who was in one of the stores.
When Vincell came out, he identified himself as Glenn Vincell, but the complaint says he told the officers he was not driving the vehicle. After the officers did some additional questioning, Vincell admitted he had been driving the vehicle.
The defendant failed to produce valid insurance and the vehicle also had an improper motor vehicle inspection sticker.
Officers conducted a DMV query and discovered the defendant had one active DUI and his driver's license was revoked. Vincell also had two previous driving revoked for DUI citations, one effective July 29, 2008, and the other Dec. 20, 2010.
Vincell was charged with driving suspended/revoked third offense, no proof of insurance, improper/expired registration and no motor vehicle inspection.
Vincell was released on a $4,000 bond.


text:
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text:
I'm seeing alot of yuppies in Annapolis with rain water barrels connected to their downspouts these days. I figured this would be a good platform for a garden irrigation system. In asking around and talking to folks about where they've gotten these barrels, I learned that there is an (eco-nazi) 'foundation' selling them and getting involved with the customer to help set the rainwater collection system up. They want $80 per barrel and then they want to be in your business. Selling you a bunch of stuff and registering you in their nice little database. Of course it's all to save the bay (bull shit). I called the head guy and it only took about 3 minutes to learn what he is all about. He's one of the ''the great 3 eyed lizard has more rights than you do'' types.
ANYWAY, he tells me that the barrels are commercially restored.
My question is what would be the best/fastest way to clean a barrel that had a methol alcohol based cleanser in it?