text:
Flexible circuitry is populated with integrated circuitry disposed along one or both of its major sides. Contacts distributed along the flexible circuitry provide connection between the module and an application environment. The circuit-populated flexible circuitry is disposed about an edge of a rigid substrate thus placing the integrated circuitry on one or both sides of the substrate with one or two layers of integrated circuitry on one or both sides of the substrate. The substrate form is preferably devised from thermally conductive materials and includes a high thermal conductivity core or area that is disposed proximal to higher thermal energy devices such as an AMB when the flex circuit is brought about the substrate. Other variations include thermally-conductive clips that grasp respective ICs on opposite sides of the module to further shunt heat from the ICs. Preferred extensions from the substrate body or substrate core encourage reduced thermal variations amongst the integrated circuits of the module.
1. A circuit module comprising:
(a) a rigid substrate having two opposing lateral sides and an edge, the rigid substrate having a window through the substrate;
(b) a thermal sink, at least a part of which is accessible in the window;
(b) a flex circuit having first and second sides, the first side of the flex circuit having plural contacts adapted for connection to a circuit board socket and at least one of the first and second sides of the flex circuit being populated with plural CSPs of a first type with the second major side of the flex circuit being populated with at least one CSP of a second type, the flex circuit being disposed about the edge of the rigid substrate to dispose the at least one CSP of the second type in thermal contact with the thermal sink.
2. The circuit module of
3. The circuit module of
4. The circuit module of
5. The circuit module of
6. The circuit module of
7. The circuit module of
8. The circuit module of
9. The circuit module of
10. The circuit module of
This application is a Divisional of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/231,418, filed Sep. 21, 2005, which application is a continuation-in-part of Pat. App. No. PCT/US05/28547 filed Aug. 10, 2005, pending, and a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/068,688 filed Mar. 1, 2005, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,324,352, which application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/007,551 filed Dec. 8, 2004, pending, which application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/934,027 filed Sep. 3, 2004, pending. This application is also a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/005,992 filed Dec. 7, 2004, pending, which application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/934,027 filed Sep. 3, 2004. This application is also a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/193,954 filed Jul. 29, 2005, pending, which application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/007,551 filed Dec. 8, 2004. This application is also a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/934,027 filed Sep. 3, 2004, pending. This application is also a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/123,721 filed May 6, 2005, pending, which application is a continuation-in-part of both U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/068,688 filed Mar. 1, 2005, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,324,352, and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/005,992 filed Dec. 7, 2004.
Pat. App. No. PCT/US05/28547; U.S. patent application Ser. Nos. 10/934,027; 11/068,688; 11/005,992; 11/193,954; 11/123,721; and 11/007,551 are each hereby incorporated by reference herein.
The present invention relates to systems and methods for creating high density circuit modules and, in particular, to systems and methods for creating such modules with features directed to reducing concentration of thermal loading.
Memory expansion is one of the many fields where high density circuit module solutions provide space-saving advantages. For example, the well-known DIMM (Dual In-line Memory Module) has been used for years, in various forms, to provide memory expansion. A typical DIMM includes a conventional PCB (printed circuit board) with memory devices and supporting digital logic devices mounted on both sides. The DIMM is typically mounted in the host computer system by inserting a contact-bearing edge of the DIMM into a card edge connector. Typically, systems that employ DIMMs provide limited profile space for such devices and conventional DIMM-based solutions have typically provided only a moderate amount of memory expansion.
As bus speeds have increased, fewer devices per channel can be reliably addressed with a DIMM-based solution. For example, 288 ICs or devices per channel may be addressed using the SDRAM-100 bus protocol with an unbuffered DIMM. Using the DDR-200 bus protocol, approximately 144 devices may be addressed per channel. With the DDR2-400 bus protocol, only 72 devices per channel may be addressed. This constraint has led to the development of the fully-buffered DIMM (FB-DIMM) with buffered C/A and data in which 288 devices per channel may be addressed. That buffering function is provided by what is typically identified as the Advanced Memory Buffer or AMB. With the FB-DIMM, not only has capacity increased, pin count has declined to approximately 69 signal pins from the approximately 240 pins previously required.
The FB-DIMM circuit solution is expected to offer practical motherboard memory capacities of up to about 192 gigabytes with six channels and eight DIMMs per channel and two ranks per DIMM using one gigabyte DRAMs. This solution should also be adaptable to next generation technologies and should exhibit significant downward compatibility.
There are several known methods to improve the limited capacity of a DIMM or other circuit board. In one strategy, for example, small circuit boards (daughter cards) are connected to the DIMM to provide extra mounting space. The additional connection may, however, cause flawed signal integrity for the data signals passing from the DIMM to the daughter card while the additional thickness of the daughter card(s) increases the profile of the module.
Multiple die packages (MDP) can also be used to increase DIMM capacity. This scheme increases the capacity of the memory devices on the DIMM by including multiple semiconductor die in a single device package. The additional heat generated by the multiple die typically requires, however, additional cooling capabilities to operate at maximum operating speed. Further, the MDP scheme may exhibit increased costs because of increased yield loss from packaging together multiple die that are not fully pre-tested.
Stacked packages are yet another way to increase module capacity. Capacity is increased by stacking packaged integrated circuits to create a high-density circuit module for mounting on the larger circuit board. In some techniques, flexible conductors are used to selectively interconnect packaged integrated circuits. Staktek Group L.P. has developed numerous systems for aggregating CSP (chipscale packaged) devices in space saving topologies. The increased component height of some stacking techniques may, however, alter system requirements such as, for example, required cooling airflow or the minimum spacing around a circuit board on its host system.
Typically, the known methods for improved memory module performance or enlarged capacity raise thermal management issues. For example, when a conventional packaged DRAM is mounted on a DIMM, the primary thermal path is through the balls of the package into the core of a multilayer DIMM that has less than desirable thermal characteristics. In particular, when an advanced memory buffer (AMB) is employed in an FB-DIMM, a significant amount of heat is generated. Consequently, the already marginal thermal shedding attributes of DIMM circuit modules is exacerbated in a typical FB-DIMM by the localized generation of heat by the AMB.
What is needed, therefore, are methods and structures for providing high capacity circuit boards in thermally-efficient, reliable designs that perform well at higher frequencies but are not too large, yet can be made at reasonable cost with commonly available and readily managed materials.
A flexible circuitry is populated with integrated circuitry (ICs) disposed along one or both of its major sides. Contacts are distributed along the flexible circuitry to provide connection between the module and an application environment. The populated flexible circuitry is disposed about an edge of a rigid substrate thus placing the integrated circuitry on one or both sides of the substrate with one or two layers of integrated circuitry on one or both sides of the substrate. The substrate form is preferably devised from thermally conductive materials and includes a high thermal conductivity thermal sink or area that is disposed proximal to higher thermal energy IC devices when the flex circuit is brought about the substrate. This allows thermal conductivity between the hot IC and the thermal sink.
The invention is particularly useful to disperse the thermal energy from hot circuitry such as, for example, AMBs employed with FB-DIMM circuitry mounted on the flexible circuitry. Other module variations may include thermally-conductive clips that thermally contact respective ICs on opposite sides of the module to further shunt heat from the ICs. In still other variations, no thermal sink is employed and the high heat device(s) mounted on the inner side of the flex circuitry is disposed in thermal contact with the substrate that is made from thermally conductive material. In preferred embodiments, extensions from the substrate body or substrate core encourage reduced thermal variations amongst the ICs of the module while providing an enlarged surface for radiation of thermal energy from the module.
Within area A are seen thermal sink 14TS and beyond the cutaway section of thermal sink 14TS, there is shown a part of a circuit 19 which, in a preferred embodiment, is the well-known advanced memory buffer or AMB employed in FB-DIMM circuitry. AMB circuit 19 includes AMB die 19D and contacts 19C. A module in accordance with a preferred embodiment typically will exhibit plural CSPs of a first type, such as memory CSPs, for example, and will have at least one CSP of a second type, such as a microprocessor, graphics processor or buffer or, more particularly, an AMB, for example.
Thermal sink 14TS is comprised, in this preferred embodiment, from metallic material of high thermal conductivity such as, for example, copper or copper alloy and has, in this preferred embodiment, a central portion 14TC that is a copper field substantially larger than and preferably in thermal contact with AMB die 19D either directly or through thermally-conductive adhesive or a thermally-conductive gasket material, for example. Thermal contact with a part of circuit 19 should be considered thermal contact with circuit 19.
In this preferred embodiment, central portion 14TC of thermal sink 14TS is raised above the periphery of thermal sink 14TS and additionally provides on its other side, an indentation into which may be introduced at least a portion of AMB circuit 19 such as, for example, AMB die 19D, to assist in realization of a low profile for module 10. An indentation is not required however to practice the invention. In the preferred depicted embodiment, thermal sink 14TS is disposed over a window 250 through substrate 14. AMB circuit 19, which is mounted on the "inside" of flex circuit 12, is disposed, at least in part, into window 250 from the "back" side of substrate 14 to realize thermal contact with thermal sink 14TS to provide a conduit to reduce thermal energy loading of AMB circuit 19.
Thermal sink 14TS need not cover the entirety of window 250. In other embodiments, for example, thermal sink 14TS may merely be across the window 250 or thermal sink 14TS may be set into window 250 instead of over or across the opening of window 250. Thermal sink 14TS is typically a separate piece of metal from substrate 14 but, after appreciating this specification, those of skill will recognize that, in alternative instances, thermal sink 14TS may be integral with substrate 14 or a particular portion of substrate 14 may be constructed to be a thermal sink 14TS in accordance with the teachings herein. For example, substrate 14 may be comprised of aluminum, while a thermal sink area 14TS of substrate 14 may be comprised of copper yet substrate 14 and thermal sink 14TS are of a single piece. In a variation of the integral thermal sink-substrate embodiment, the thermal sink could be attached to the substrate without a window and thus be preferentially accessible only on one side of substrate 14. Construction expense will be more likely to militate against such construction but the principles of the invention encompass such constructions. Consequently, a window in substrate 14 is not required to practice some embodiments of the invention. Therefore, a thermal sink 14TS should be considered to be an area or element integral with or attached to a substrate 14 and the material from which that thermal sink is composed exhibits greater thermal conductivity than the material of the substrate. To continue the example, substrate 14 may be aluminum while thermal sink 14TS is comprised of copper.
Despite the advantages of using a thermal sink with module 10, for cost reasons, amongst other rationales, some may wish to construct modules similar to those with thermal sinks but lacking such a feature. In that case,
Consequently, an exemplar embodiment that employed a substrate such as that shown in
Where a window 250 in substrate 250 is employed, at least a part of thermal sink 14TS should be accessible through window 250 from the "other" side of substrate 14. AMB circuit 19 or other high heat circuit 19 and, in particular, AMB die 19D, may be disposed in or across or over window 250 and preferably, will be introduced into an indentation of thermal sink 14TS and disposed in thermal contact with thermal sink 14TS and, more preferably, with the central core 14TC of thermal sink 14TS (where a central core has been optionally included in thermal sink 14TS) either with direct contact or through thermal adhesives or glues. Other embodiments may include additional windows where other high heat circuits are employed on module 10. Still other embodiments may insert some or all of ICs 18 into cutout areas in substrate 14 as described in detail in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/005,992 which has been incorporated by reference herein.
In a preferred embodiment, thermal sink 14TS covers window 250 (as will be further illustrated in later
As shown, central area 14TC of thermal sink 14TS is configured to exhibit an indentation area 14IN to provide space for a higher profile device such as, for example, a higher profile device such as AMB circuit 19. Indentation 14IN is a preferred, but not required, feature in both those embodiments where thermal sink 14TS is integral with substrate 14 as well as those embodiments where thermal sink 14TS is accessible through a window in substrate 14. Consequently, where indentation 14IN is present, at least a portion of AMB circuit 19 such as, for example, AMB die 19D will preferably be introduced into indentation 14IN when module 10 is assembled. Substrate 14 further exhibits optional extension 16T that provides thermal advantages for a preferred module 10. An extension 16T is preferred whether or not thermal sink 14TS is integral with substrate 14 or is made accessible through window 250 of substrate 14. Extension 16T may be devised in a variety of configurations and need not extend laterally from the main axis of substrate 14 in both directions. For example, extension 16T may extend from substrate 14 in only one direction and need not be directly perpendicular from the main body of substrate 14.
Preferably, substrate 14 is comprised of thermally conductive material. A metallic material with aluminum being readily manipulated for configuration as substrate 14 is a preferred choice. Materials such as FR4 may be employed, but other non-metallic materials that are thermally conductive are preferred over FR4. Carbon-based materials and certain plastics, for example, are known to readily conduct thermal energy and, as alternatives to metallic materials, such materials may be employed to advantage in preferred embodiments in accordance with the present invention where metallic materials are not available or wanted. Flex support 14FS is shown located near end 16A of substrate 14. Flex support 14FS provides physical support for flex circuit 12 when flex circuit 12 is disposed about end 16A. Flex support 14FS may be integral with or a separate piece from substrate 14.
ICs 18 on flexible circuit 12 are, in this embodiment, chip-scale packaged memory devices of small scale. For purposes of this disclosure, the term chip-scale or "CSP" shall refer to integrated circuitry of any function with an array package providing connection to one or more die through contacts (often embodied as "bumps" or "balls" for example) distributed across a major surface of the package or die. CSP does not refer to leaded devices that provide connection to an integrated circuit within the package through leads emergent from at least one side of the periphery of the package such as, for example, a TSOP.
Embodiments of the present invention may be employed with leaded or CSP devices or other devices in both packaged and unpackaged forms but where the term CSP is used, the above definition for CSP should be adopted. Consequently, although CSP excludes leaded devices, references to CSP are to be broadly construed to include the large variety of array devices (and not to be limited to memory only) and whether die-sized or other size such as BGA and micro BGA as well as flip-chip. As those of skill will understand after appreciating this disclosure, some embodiments of the present invention may be devised to employ stacks of ICs each disposed where an IC 18 is indicated in the exemplar Figs.
Multiple integrated circuit die may be included in a package depicted as a single IC 18. While in this embodiment memory ICs are used to provide a memory expansion board or module, and various embodiments may include a variety of integrated circuits and other components. Such variety may include microprocessors, FPGA's, RF transceiver circuitry, digital logic, as a list of non-limiting examples, or other circuits or systems which may benefit from a high-density circuit board or module capability. In some preferred embodiments, circuit 19 will be an AMB, but the principles of the invention may be employed with a variety of heat generating devices such as, for example, a microprocessor or graphics processor employed in a circuit module.
The depiction of
Flex circuit 12 may also referenced by its perimeter edges, two of which are typically long (PElong1 and PElong2) and two of which are typically shorter (PEshort1 and PEshort2) although flex circuit 12 may come in a variety of shapes including square. Contact arrays such as array 11A are disposed beneath ICs 18 and AMB circuit 19 and are comprised of array contacts 11C. An exemplar contact array 11A is shown as is exemplar IC 18 to be mounted at contact array 11A as depicted. The contact arrays 11A that correspond to an IC plurality may be considered a contact array set.
A first plurality of ICs 18 is shown on side 8 of flex circuit 12 and is identified as ICR1 and a second plurality of CSPs is identified as ICR2. Those of skill will recognize that the identified pluralities of CSPs are, when disposed in the configurations depicted, typically described as "ranks". Between the ranks ICR2 and ICR2, flex circuit 12 bears a plurality of module contacts allocated in this embodiment into two rows (CR1 and CR2) of module contacts 20. When flex circuit 12 is folded about substrate 14 as earlier depicted in, for example,
Various discrete components such as termination resistors, bypass capacitors, and bias resistors may be mounted on either or both of sides 8 and 9 of flex 12. Such discrete components are not shown to simplify the drawing. Other embodiments may also have fewer or greater numbers of ranks or pluralities of ICs in each field or on a side of a flex circuit.
Top conductive layer 1201 and the other conductive layers are preferably made of a conductive metal such as, for example, copper or alloy 110. In this arrangement, conductive layers 1201, 1202, and 1204 express signal traces 1212 that make various connections by use of flex circuit 12. These layers may also express conductive planes for ground, power or reference voltages.
In this embodiment, inner conductive layer 1202 expresses traces connecting to and among various ICs. The function of any one of the depicted conductive layers may be interchanged in function with others of the conductive layers. Inner conductive layer 1203 expresses a ground plane, which may be split to provide VDD return for pre-register address signals. Inner conductive layer 1203 may further express other planes and traces. In this embodiment, floods or planes at bottom conductive layer 1204 provides VREF and ground in addition to the depicted traces.
Insulative layers 1205 and 1211 are, in this embodiment, dielectric solder mask layers which may be deposited on the adjacent conductive layers for example. Other embodiments may not have such adhesive dielectric layers. Insulating layers 1206, 1208, and 1210 are preferably flexible dielectric substrate layers made of polyimide. However, any suitable flexible circuitry may be employed in the present invention and the depiction of
The present invention may be employed to advantage in a variety of applications and environment such as, for example, in computers such as servers and notebook computers by being placed in motherboard expansion slots to provide enhanced memory capacity while utilizing fewer sockets. The two high rank embodiments or the single rank high embodiments may both be employed to such advantage as those of skill will recognize after appreciating this specification.
One advantageous methodology for efficiently assembling a circuit module 10 such as described and depicted herein is as follows. In a preferred method of assembling a preferred module assembly 10, flex circuit 12 is placed flat and both sides populated according to circuit board assembly techniques known in the art. Flex circuit 12 is then folded about end 16A of substrate 14. Flex 12 may be laminated or otherwise attached to substrate 14.
Although the present invention has been described in detail, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that many embodiments taking a variety of specific forms and reflecting changes, substitutions and alterations can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Therefore, the described embodiments illustrate but do not restrict the scope of the claims.
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Seeing the 2014 M3 Sedan (F80) in the harsh winter of northern Sweden this time of the year for cold weather testing is no surprise. Nor is seeing the prototype at a gas station being refueled.
But, the type of fuel that this F80 M3 test car was being filled with by its driver was certainly surprising. An astute witness captured these images at a gas station in Kode, Sweden, while witnessing the test driver of the M3 refueling the car with E85 ethanol fuel (a … CONTINUED
The new BMW M3 (F80) sedan will arrive in 2014, but what should it be like? Steve Sutcliffe puts three of its predecessors through their paces at Brands Hatch to find the perfect ingredients.
We have added our side profile renders of the 2015 BMW M4 Coupe (F82) to our set of official renders.
We started with a photo of the F82 M4 right outside of the BMW M testing center at the Nurburgring and began peeling away at the camouflage based on details which can be discerned from this particular prototype, other F82 M4 and F80 M3 mules, as well as our other imagination and speculation.
Here are some render highlights:
• Sportier and sleeker kidney grilles (as seen on previous … CONTINUED
The F80 M3 is continuing its development at the Nurburgring and we've captured it on video once again. We've also compiled our recent F80 M3 and F82 M4 videos below.
As we've seen before, the F80 M3 continues to exhibit a planted ride and suspension, flying around the track with little body roll.
For our latest M3/M4 details and coverage see: http://www.bimmerpost.com/m3/f30m3/
We've put together this latest set of renders of the 2015 M4 Coupe (F82) based on recent spy photos.
We started with a photo of the F82 M4 right outside of the BMW M testing center at the Nurburgring and began peeling away at the camouflage based on details which can be discerned from this particular prototype, other F82 M4 and F80 M3 mules, as well as our other imagination and speculation.
What you see is a sleek M4 coupe with a more fastback shape than the … CONTINUED
We haven't spotted the F82 M4 Coupe at the Nurburgring since July, when the F82 was spied for the very first time in public testing. Well, it's now back at the Ring during an onslaught of BMW prototype testing in the past week, including the F80 M3, F82 M4, F36 4 Series Gran Coupe, F15 X5 M, 3 Series GT, and the M6 Gran Coupe.
Below are the most recent photos and a video of the F82 M4 in testing at the Nurburgring, as well as a … CONTINUED
We spoke very recently at length to a trusty source within BMW who is familiar with the development of the upcoming F80 M3 sedan / F82 M4 coupe and we were able to learn the following bits of news:
Regarding power output, the previously estimated 450HP figure is an overestimate. Instead, expect the horsepower output to be in ballpark of the current E90/E92 M3.
What will be increased greatly however, is the torque figure. The F80/F82′s multi turbo inline 6 cylinder engine [recently exposed] will add … CONTINUED
Back in May we first confirmed that the F80 M3 and F82 M4 would be powered by an inline 6 cylinder turbo engine and indeed we've just received these first photos of the next gen M3/M4 engine, with visual proof of the inline cylinder setup.
The F80 M3 / F82 M4 will have some good cooling of the the heated air pumping from its turbos, via components such as the air-to-water/liquid intercooler unit (to the right of the engine cover) feeding the cylinders with cooled air. If … CONTINUED
The 2014 F80 M3 continues prototype testing on the road and track on and around the Nurburgring. We've compiled this 3 minute video featuring plenty of new sights and sounds of the F80 M3 in various settings performing different maneuvers and driving action.
With its planted ride and suspension, together with plenty of power from its turbo inline 6 cylinder, the new M3 flies around the track with little body roll and suspension travel.
To reiterate our oft repeated details on the upcoming F80 M3 / F82 M4:
The … CONTINUED
Watch and listen as the 2014 BMW M3 (F80) slings around the famous Karussell at the Nurburgring track, sounding thunderous as it accelerates out of the hairpin turn.
Here is a summary of the most up to date facts regarding the F80 M3 / F82 M4:
Lighter than current M3
Faster than current M3
More powerful than current M3
More efficient than current M3
Powered by an inline … CONTINUED
Some updated F82 M4 coupe renders from Jerry Alvarez. The white M4 coupe render now incorporates the M6/1M styled front bumper with air curtain vents recently spied on the F80 M3 sedan. Not reflected in the renders however, is an expected sleeker front fascia and headlights (compared to the F30 3 series). The F82 M4 coupe is also expected to feature a carbon fiber roof.
The F80 M3 / F82 M4 will not be constructed extensively from carbon fiber (CFRP) as some earlier reports had speculated. … CONTINUED
Resident digital artist Jerry Alvarez has put together this speculative side render of the F82 M4 coupe.
Although not visible in these renders, you can expect the F82 M4 coupe to receive the same (or very similar) hood lip/bulge that we recently spotted for the first time on the F80 M3 sedan.
Also not reflected in the renders is an expected sleeker front fascia and headlights (compared to the F30 3 series). The F82 M4 coupe is also expected to feature a carbon fiber roof.
The F80 M3 / … CONTINUED
A 2014 M3 test prototype resumed testing at the Nurburgring yesterday and the strip tease continued by way of a possible (or intended) camouflage malfunction. Here's what we see.
Air Curtains
By coincidence (?), the passenger side lower front bumper camouflage was flapped open during the test runs, revealing and confirming the air curtain vents on the F80. Whether the camouflage was peeled back to feed air to the air curtains for testing purposes, resulted from a camouflage malfunction, or was purposely peeled back to tease us, matters … CONTINUED
The 2014 F80 M3 prototype continues hot climate testing in Spain and we continue getting more live looks and listen at the next generation M3 sedan.
Our new video provides a good listen at the M3 prototype accelerating from a stop, though it's obviously not a full out acceleration run. For full throttle acceleration at speed, see the previously posted M3 and M4 prototype videos from Nurburgring testing, copied below. We also hear the car's startup for the first time. One thing's for sure – there will … CONTINUED
Our resident artist Jerry (E92Alpine328i) has come up with another predictive render of the 2014 F80 M3 sedan, based on recent spy photos. This look is very similar to the first renders from last week, but features slightly less aggressive front apron air vents.
The turbo inline 6 powered F80 M3 will hit the market in 2014.
Follow our past and future M3/M4 coverage @ http://www.bimmerpost.com/m3/f30m3/
The 2014 M3 (F80) prototype which was spotted in Los Angeles this past weekend has made its way into the California Mojave Desert's Death Valley for high temperature testing.
With high temperature testing always comes the removal of some front end camouflage, necessary to increase the prototypes' air intake and cooling; which makes us the indirect beneficiaries of ever better looks at an exposed front end.
Yesterday's F80 M3 spy pics (some copied below) gave us the best idea yet of the lines and shape of the front … CONTINUED
The F80 M3 sedan is coming together visually bit by bit with each new sighting of the development mules, and it's looking sportier by the spotting.
We recently brought you the first look at the F80 M3 hood bulge, and now we share with you the first glimpse of the F80 M3′s front end styling, which will feature an aggressive design much like the 2013 M6′s very attractive front fascia, with a pinch of 1M styling thrown in.
Although still covered in a cloth covering, the shapes and … CONTINUED
The 2014 BMW F80 M3 and M6 Gran Coupe have landed stateside, with the first spotting coming in Los Angeles!


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Details and Shopping
Customer Favorite
Super soft thigh-high socks with adorable bobbled knit design. The perfect accessory for adding texture to your outfit!
*65% Acrylic, 17% Nylon, 15% Angora, 2% Spandex
*Made in USA
*65% Acrylic, 17% Nylon, 15% Angora, 2% Spandex
*Made in USA
Rated 4.9 out of 5Â by 7 reviewers.
Rated 5 out of 5Â by bb9 LOVEEEEE THEMM!!! I got these as a "stocking stuffer" and they're fabulous!!! 1.3.2013
Rated 4 out of 5Â by ravencrone The best winter accessory I enjoy these socks because they actually stay up! I do not like how they get cat fur on them easily but I can't fix that. I got them for 20 and I probably wouldn't go higher than that. Definitely worth getting though! 3.11.2013
Rated 5 out of 5Â by eleanne Adorable soft and cozy! Want a pair in every color! 12.4.2012
Rated 5 out of 5Â by gossamerdreams scrumptious and supersoft Got these in mustard and orange, they are so soft, the angora does make a difference, layers amazingly with boots and the alpine sweater dress. Get these, they are totally worth the higher cost compared to the sweater socks, the quality is so much better. Colors just like online 11.24.2012
Rated 5 out of 5Â by LisM Honestly, the best boot socks out there. These guys are amazing. SO soft and cozy. Wear these with boots of any height...they are still light enough that you can slouch them down as needed. 11.1.2012
Rated 5 out of 5Â by electtralyte Great Boot Socks! These are perfect for boots! They're a tad tight at the top, but they will probably stretch a little with wear. 10.22.2012
Rated 5 out of 5Â by wwager Oh so soft! Socks almost always run big on me. There are a bit big in the foot (I wear a 6.5 shoe), and they dont stay up above the knee very well. They seem to fall and settle rught at or just below my knee but no doubt it depends on the shape of your legs. Mine are a bit thin and not athletic or very muscular. The best thing about these: they really are super soft. If there were more colors/patterns available, I would have grabbed them. Love these! 9.24.2012
1-7 of 7
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Apple Thunderbolt Display (27-inch)
Apple Thunderbolt Display (27-inch)
Product Information
Thunderbolt technology built in.
Thunderbolt I/O technology lets you move data between your devices and your computer with unprecedented speed. With two channels of 10-Gbps throughput in both directions, it's up to 20 times faster than USB 2.0 and up to 12 times faster than FireWire 800. And it allows you to connect as many as six devices through a single, compact port.
The ultimate docking station.
With just one cable, connect any Thunderbolt-enabled Mac and get 27 inches of high-resolution screen space, high-quality audio, a FaceTime HD camera, FireWire 800 and Gigabit Ethernet ports — and a Thunderbolt port you can use to daisy-chain additional high-performance peripherals such as hard drives and video capture devices.
Plug in and power up.
The Thunderbolt Display includes a MagSafe connector that powers and charges your MacBook Pro or MacBook Air.1 The connector sits on your desk, ready and waiting. No need to unwind the cord to the power adapter that came with your notebook. Leave it exactly where it is, in your bag.
Made for the new MacBook family. A bigger display for your biggest ideas.
Connect your Thunderbolt-enabled Mac to the Thunderbolt Display for a panoramic viewing experience unlike any other. This huge 27-inch glossy widescreen display features a cinematic 16:9 aspect ratio and an astonishing 2560-by-1440 resolution. That gives you more room to work with apps on your MacBook Air or MacBook Pro. And a worthy desktop companion to your iMac or Mac mini.
LED backlighting.
Full brightness with no waiting. That's the big advantage of LED backlight technology. Unlike most displays that take time to warm up before they reach maximum brightness, an LED-backlit display is instantly on and uniformly bright. LED backlighting also gives you greater control over screen brightness. So you can tune the Thunderbolt Display to suit the ambient light in even the dimmest room.
Built-in FaceTime HD camera and microphone.
With the built-in FaceTime HD camera and microphone, you can connect your Mac desktop or notebook — open or closed — and make HD video calls2 or take a few snapshots using Photo Booth.
Thunderbolt Display compatibility.
Thunderbolt-enabled Macs, including the current generations of MacBook Air, MacBook Pro, Mac mini, Mac Pro, and iMac are fully compatible with the Apple Thunderbolt Display. The Apple Thunderbolt Display is not compatible with MacBook (Retina, 12-inch, Early 2015).
- Built-in FaceTime HD camera with microphone
- Built-in 2.1 speaker system
- Colors: 16.7 million
- Viewing angle: 178° horizontal; 178° vertical
- Brightness: 375 cd/m2
- Contrast ratio: 1000:1
- Kensington security slot
- Energy saver mode: 1W or less
- Compatible with VESA Mount Adapter Kit (sold separately)
What's in the Box?
- Apple Thunderbolt Display
- AC power cord
- MagSafe to MagSafe 2 Converter
- Printed documentation
Tech Specs
- Screen size: 27 inches (diagonal viewable)
- Screen type: TFT Active-Matrix LCD
- Resolution: 2560 x 1440 pixels
- Color resolution: 16.7 million
- Aspect ratio: 16:9
- Brightness: 375 cd/m2
- Contrast ratio: 1000:1
- Frequency Response: 12 ms
- Cable type: Thunderbolt
Size and weight
- Height: 19.35 inches (49.1 cm)
- Width: 25.7 inches (65 cm)
- Depth: 8.15 inches (20.7 cm) with stand
- Weight: 23.5 pounds (10.8 kg)
- Three powered USB 2.0 ports
- Firewire 800
- Gigabit Ethernet port
- Kensington lock slot
- Thunderbolt
Camera and Microphone
- Built-in FaceTime HD camera with microphone
Speaker Configuration
- 2.1
Electrical Requirements
- Power: 100V to 240V AC 50-60Hz
- Maximum power: 250W (Thunderbolt Display while charging MacBook Pro)
- Energy saver mode: 2W or less
Environmental Requirements
- Operating temperature: 50° to 95° F (10° to 35° C)
- Storage temperature: -4° to 116° F (-40° to 47° C)
- Operating humidity: 20% to 80% non-condensing
- Maximum operating altitude: 10,000 feet (3000 m)
VESA CompatibilityCompatible with VESA Mount Adaptor Kit (sold separately)
System Requirements
- OS X v10.6.8 or later
- Thunderbolt-enabled Mac computer, including MacBook Air, MacBook Pro, Mac mini, Mac Pro and iMac. The Apple Thunderbolt Display is not compatible with MacBook (Retina, 12-inch, Early 2015).
Ratings & Reviews
I was so excited to get my 27 inch iMac, and thunderbolt display(TBD)...until i opened them up and set them side by side.... and w I was so excited to get my 27 inch iMac, and thunderbolt display(TBD)...until i opened them up and set them side by side.... and went huh?
The TBD is shorter than the 27 iMac so the screens do not line up. that is a bad design flaw. if you had the laptop or the 21 inch iMac this wouldn't even matter so I'm lost for why they didn't make them match. did they hire someone from micro$oft to design this?
Second design flaw for the TBD is actually LION the os... does not work well with multiple displays like snow leopard does! when you use the new FULLSCREEN mode in lion apps it actually dims out the TBD(or any other screens for that matter) and displays a linen style backdrop which make the $1,000 monitor a very nice paper weight. I would hope this would be addressed in a LION update ASAP.
The third and very irritating design flaw is the lack of a POWER BUTTON. so now your pretty much forced to look at the linen style backdrop because you can't turn off the monitor. its like a reminder how much you paid to look at NOTHING.
I have been a mac user and customer for over 13 years and have owned/used almost every product apple has made and let me say that I have not been this disappointed from apple ever with both the TBD and LION. …
- Written by curtis G from sacramento
5645 of 8473 people found this useful
Beautiful and full featured yet handicapped by LCD quality control
I purchased two of these beautiful displays a few weeks ago and was wowed with them. The displays have a lot of functionality wit I purchased two of these beautiful displays a few weeks ago and was wowed with them. The displays have a lot of functionality with the multitude of ports on the backside. The ethernet, firewire, and usb ports are great when docking a computer such as an air. This is the good.
The bad is that the LCD panel inside of of the two units had a blue/greenish tint to it on the right and bottom area of the display which was very prominent when a light or white background was moved over it. I had that display replaced only to have the new one have yellowing around the bottom left corner and upper middle when on a darker background. Likely is caused by backlight bleed.
At $1000, I would assume others are using this for creative means and work like myself. Apple since will only replace the panel once. Being in photography, I am unfortunately having to return the display. Disappointing. …
- Written by Barrett F from Frisco
2894 of 3389 people found this useful
Ultimate docking station for my Macbook Air
- great size, was a bit concerned it would be too large compared to my previous Apple Cinema 20" display, but I quickly ap Likes:
- great size, was a bit concerned it would be too large compared to my previous Apple Cinema 20" display, but I quickly appreciated the extra space
- Clean simple design
- No fan, no noise - sometimes get fan noise from my MBA when using video chat 9heavy processing i guess)
- Love the Docking simplicity - I plug 2 FW 800 drives, keyboard, Ethernet (Thunderbolt HD prices are crazy, even by this monitors standards...)
- no concerns about reflection, I'm in sunny office by a window, no issues with reflection at all
- Built in FaceTime camera is great - was tired of looking sideways at my laptop during video calls
- Colors bright and even
- undocking - no clear documentation on how to undock when you have multiple drives attached. Found an applescript called "undock" to eject all drives prior to undocking
- Apple needs to improve communication on how to "undock", sleep computer first ? eject disks, etc...
- Smell - yes smell, for first few days, like some past macbook pros i've owned, this monitor has a "smell" for few days from the 'electronics" heating up, not too techie, but there's obviously some sort of coating etc. that emits a annoying smell, it eventually goes away, but reminded me of my past macbook pros
- no USB 3, this is a bit ridiculous, again, considering the price of thunderbolt external HDs
- would like to have audio out to plug speakers
would i buy again and recommend - yes.
hope this was helpful to shoppers …
- Written by Mark S from candiac
2110 of 2462 people found this useful
I'm on my second display after I received a lemon the first time around that started going black within the first month. The new d I'm on my second display after I received a lemon the first time around that started going black within the first month. The new display is still full of problems. The speakers and video do not link up to my Mac Pro and more recently it does not wake up from sleep unless I unplug the display. It is a nightmare, particularly considering the premium price. After 2 years I'm thinking of trying to give it to a computer lab on campus and replacing it with a cheaper 24in screen (as I don't have the budget to buy a second high end screen in such a short period of time). Trying punching "Thunderbolt Display worst" into a search engine and you'll see that I'm not the only one with major problems. …
- Written by James C from SASKATOON
LEMON: Avoid
I just wanted to share my Thunderbolt story.
Here is a brief timeline as I'm loosing the will to live at this point.:
Purcha I just wanted to share my Thunderbolt story.
Here is a brief timeline as I'm loosing the will to live at this point.:
Purchased monitor then after a year (just outside warranty) the monitor decided to not wake up.
Took it to Apple store where they replaced the Magsafe/Thunderbolt cable. ($350)
A few months after that it started doing the same thing again.
Took it back to the Apple store where they replaced the main controller...didn't fix the issue.
Was informed it would need the main panel replacing at an eye watering ($1200 plus tax)
Instructed by Apple to take it to another store for a 2nd opinion.
Same result, was instructed by the store to call Apple Care as they agreed it was 'a bit of a lemon'.
Apple Care essentially said they could offer a discount on the repair but it would still be just under a $1000.
So after at least 6 (out of the way) visits to two different stores and countless phone calls, I'm left with investing over $2500 into a monitor which, I'm not willing to do.
Cost of monitor + repair + repair = $TOO MUCH
The reason I paid out the money for an expensive monitor was that I wanted something reliable and durable. Neither of these things was achieved and to 'rub salt into the wound' I was politely told by Apple it was just tough luck.
I have invested heavily in the Apple ecosystem and feel very let down. I'm contemplating shifting my money elsewhere. …
- Written by David H from Nova Scotia
9 of 11 people found this useful
nice product if it lasts
Approximately 18 months after purchasing, the power supply and cord for one of my two Thunderbolt displays had to be replaced ($17 Approximately 18 months after purchasing, the power supply and cord for one of my two Thunderbolt displays had to be replaced ($173). Three months later (now), the display failed; estimated replacement cost is over $800. If you buy this display, don't make my mistake--pay even more for the extended warranty. …
- Written by Jeff L from Colorado Springs
5 of 5 people found this useful
Questions & Answers
Answers from the community
Is the ThunderBolt Display worth the money?
- Asked by Jesse H from Clarence Center
- 27-Jan-2014
Best Answer:
I'm in the very same situation as you.
The Apple Thunderbolt Display is a very capable display, b I'm in the very same situation as you.
The Apple Thunderbolt Display is a very capable display, but it's starting to show it's age unfortunately.
The USB Ports are 2.0 (not 3.0), it uses the old generation Thunderbolt ports (not Thunderbolt 2) and has considerably more glare/reflection than the new iMac screens.
For the premium price that Apple charges, I would wait for an update. …
- Answered by Vlado K from Leura
- 28-Jan-2014
does it have a graphic card?
- Asked by Tamir M from New York
- 23-Sep-2013
No. All this product is is a standalone display. No graphics card.
- Answered by Andrew L from Woodstock
- 16-Jul-2015
Can I use my old thunderbolt display with a new MacBook?
- Asked by James H from Hanover
- 26-Jul-2015
Where is the headphone jack?
- Asked by Roger W from Wayland
- 5-Sep-2012
Will this display work with the new Macbook announced today?
- Asked by Dan L from Ventura
- 9-Mar-2015
Unfortunately they didn't announced it but I'm in the same spot as you because I really want the tex Unfortunately they didn't announced it but I'm in the same spot as you because I really want the texture but it can't connect so here is a thing, if you are doing intensive gaming and editing videos (as I always say) I would stick to the macbook pro and you could have the thunderbolt display. …
- Answered by Yuehong Y from Princeton Junction
- 23-Jun-2015
Thunderbolt & 15" retina macbook. using keyboard on macbook. email open on macbook & other programs on Tbolt. Cursor. Dock. confusing. What's best?
- Asked by Joy C from Vero Beach
- 27-May-2015
Answer now (Thunderbolt & 15" retina macbook. using keyboard on macbook. email open on macbook & other programs on Tbolt. Cursor. Dock. confusing. What's best?)
2 Answers (Thunderbolt & 15" retina macbook. using keyboard on macbook. email open on macbook & other programs on Tbolt. Cursor. Dock. confusing. What's best?)


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Are you looking for alpine products ? For snowboard products ? for nordic products ? Technical equipment ? or clothes ?
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text: I built a 6mm223 (6X45) Upper using a White Oak Precision barrel a few years ago.. I had test fired it once before and zeroed the Springfield Armory scope.. but I got to really test it out this last weekend.. Varmint shooting in Oregon.. I have to say it really preformed well. I shot over 300 + rounds and I had no failures other than a magazine who's base plate came off under spring tension.. I was shooting a few different loads 95 Gr Partition 87 Gr A max 70 Gr TNT mostly used H322 powder but had a few loads using IMR 4895 also.. My specs were a white Oak Stainless Steel 20" Match heavy barrel.. I used JP enterprise stainless steel Gas block and a round Aluminum Free float hand guard with Harris Bipod. I used a Flat top Upper receiver and I mounted a Springfield Armory Range finding scope.. on it which used a GGG scope riser to get proper eye elevation.. Rings were weaver Lower was a LRB unit.. with the stock trigger installed.. during the shoot I as using an adjustable CAR type but stock.. B2B


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Doctors often order tests or recommend procedures when they should not, according to Consumer Reports.
In fact, nearly half of primary-care physicians say their own patients get too much medical care.
All of that unnecessary care can be harmful to both your health and your wallet.
The price tag is substantial. A 2011 study found the costs for 12 commonly overused tests was $6.8 billion.
Here are 5 examples of tests that may not be necessary.
EKGs and exercise stress tests: If you have symptoms of heart disease or are at high risk, both can help determine your chances of having a heart attack and help you and your doctor decide how to treat the problem.
But the tests are less accurate for lower-risk people and often have misleading results.
Yet many people without symptoms of heart disease get the tests as part of their routine checkup.
In a 2010 Consumer Reports survey of nearly 1,200 people between the ages of 40 and 60 with no history of heart disease or heart-disease symptoms, 39 percent said they had undergone an EKG during the previous five years and 12 percent said they had an exercise stress test.
EKGs and exercise stress tests won't harm you directly. But both can produce inaccurate results that trigger follow-up tests that can pose risks.
CT angiography can expose you to a radiation dose equal to 600 to 800 chest X-rays.
Many people who experience severe headaches want a CT scan or MRI to see if they're caused by a brain tumor or other serious problem. But most of the time neither test is necessary.
Most people who seek medical help for headaches have migraines or tension-type headaches
Adding a CT scan or MRI rarely shows why a headache occurs or helps you manage its symptoms.
And research shows that for people with a normal medical history and neurological exam, imaging tests are unlikely to reveal a more serious underlying problem.
One possible risk is that they will show something that appears to be worrisome but actually is not.
Those findings can cause anxiety, trigger follow-up tests, prompt referrals to specialists for expensive consultations, and even trigger unnecessary treatment.
Call your doctor if you have headaches that are: sudden or explosive, different from other headaches you've had in the past, especially if you're 50 or older.
Millions of people are prescribed antibiotics each year for sinusitis, a frequentcomplication of the common cold.
In fact, 15 to 21 percent of all antibiotic prescriptions for adults in outpatient care are for treating sinusitis.
Unfortunately, most of those people probably don't need the drugs.
Sinusitis can be uncomfortable. People with the condition usually have congestion combined with yellow, green, or gray nasal discharge plus pain or pressure around the eyes, cheeks, forehead, or teeth that worsens when they bend over.
But sinus infections almost always stem from a viral infection, not a bacterial one—and antibiotics don't work against viruses.
Even when bacteria are responsible, the infections usually clear up on their own in a week or so. And antibiotics don't help ease allergies, either.
About one in four people who take antibiotics have side effects, including stomach problems, dizziness, or rashes.
Those problems clear up soon after stopping the drugs, but in rarecases antibiotics can cause severe allergic reactions.
Overuse of antibiotics also encourages the growth of bacteria that can't be controlled easily with drugs. That makes you more vulnerable to antibiotic-resistant infections and undermines the benefits of antibiotics for others.
Imaging tests for back pain are overused.
Despite guidelines cautioning against the overuse of imaging tests for lower back pain, a third of the 2.5 million people in the U.S. who visit an emergency room each year with the problem get an X-ray, and nearly 10 percent have a CT scan or MRI, according to a recent study in the journal Spine.
New guidelines from the American College of Physicians say that there is "strong evidence that routine imaging for low back pain by using radiography or advanced imaging methods [such as MRI or CT scan] is not associated with a clinically meaningful effect on patient outcomes."
The tests just aren't that good at finding the causes of back pain.
Even when they do show something abnormal, like a bulging disc, there's little evidence that the abnormalities that show up are the actual cause of the pain.
Staying active through exercise, or physical or chiropractic therapy should often be tried before tests or treatment. In fact, back pain usually clears up on its own within a month or so.
Bone-density scans for low-risk women.
Osteoporosis becomes a real risk for people, particularly women, with increasing age. But patients may want to ask their doctors how often they need a bone density scan to screen for signs of the disease.
The test costs more than $100, and unless a woman under age 65 has additional risk factors, such as smoking, an eating disorder or previous broken bones, doctors say the scan is unnecessary.
A study found that low-risk women who have a healthy initial scan can wait up to 15 years for a repeat scan.
"I see unnecessary testing done in the community again and again," Dr. Ranit Mishori, associate professor in the department of family medicine at Georgetown University School of Medicine in Washington, D.C., told ABC News.
"For some reason many women are told that they need a 'baseline' at 50, which is compeltely unsupported by the evidence."
Women should have the scan at age 65 and men at age 70.
The Congressional Budget Office says 30 percent of the health care in the United States is unnecessary.
Many common tests and treatments are often overused, both because patients too often ask for them, and because doctors are all too willing to order them.
To help combat the problem, nine medical societies that together represent nearly 375,000 physicians across the country have banded together to come up with a list of tests and treatments that they say are often overused.
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Originally published on Tue August 14, 2012 6:12 am
A quarter of the state is classified as being under "exceptional drought" — the highest level recorded. As creeks and riverbeds dry up, farmers are drilling deeper wells to get water for their crops. Now the state is cutting back its permits because of environmental concerns.


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Halloween Candy
It's Halloween, the night when the dead walk among the living, as folklore has it, and we strongly recommend that you have enough Halloween candy on deck to appease any irritated spirits who may stop by to trick-or-treat. Halloween Pez Dispensers, Reese's Pumpkins, and perhaps some Wrapped Chocolate Body Parts should do the trick nicely.
The neighborhood children will also be pleased with ghoulish treats from our Halloween candy selection, like Scary Skeletons, Candy Fangs, and Oozing Eyeballs, and we have everything you need to make your house the favorite one in the neighborhood.
We also have a fantastic selection of less gory treats for the faint of heart, like bags of Caramel Corn, Popcorn Balls, and Peeps Pumpkins. We have bulk Halloween candy, too, with an equally large collection of favorites.
You can also browse our Fun Size Candy selection for even more ways to make trick-or-treaters happy.
Whatever you choose, you can't go wrong here. No tricks, all treats.
Discover more interesting facts behind this spooky holiday here!
Item #: 3046
Air Heads Grape Taffy - 36 / Box$8.83
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If you read my post under "new to group" you know that I am considering a 2nd child after severe HELLPS with my first (luckily she was born full term and healthy). My current doctor--I was turned over to him when mine moved)said he could tell me the statistics the same as a doctor I asked to be referred to in another city. He said that he would run baseline liver tests and check platelets around 28 weeks (he does this for every pregnancy). Should I still seek a specialist for a consultation at least?
I know doctors can't be suggests on the forum but if any one knows of a good one in Northwest Alabama please let me know. Huntsville or Birmingham would be okay (see email address in my profile).


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Home > Golf (M) > 2010 Championship > Tournament Play > Item# 196884
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Washington, United States
Content.gov 2014
Newseum, Knight Conference Center
555 Pennsylvania Ave NW
Washington, DC 20001
January 29th, 2014 from 9am - 2pm with an optional tour of the Newseum from 2-3pm.
Alfresco has emerged as the fastest growing enterprise content and records management provider to the government on an open source platform. Please join us at the Newseum on January 29th for our annual, complimentary, Content.gov event.
The theme this year is Powering Digital Government and thought leaders from both government and industry will speak on dealing with the explosion of content in a simple and smart way to help reduce costs and provide better collaboration both within agencies and their constituents.


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Green Lifestyle: 25/50 of 132
« back
next »
To your health - Organic beer!
Rachel Clode
1st August, 2008The UK's organic brewers are calling time on beer corporations, as Rachel Clode discovers more...
Ask Leo: what is the greenest alternative to compost containing peat?
Leo Hickman
16th April, 2009I know that I should avoid compost containing peat, but what is the most environmentally friendly alternative that I can buy?
R Townsend, by email more...
Food Standards Agency refuses to ban Bisphenol-A in food packaging and baby milk bottles
15th April, 2009Food safety campaigners have reacted angrily to a refusal by the Food Standards Agency (FSA) to ban controversial plastic additive Bisphenol A (BPA), which is present in some food packaging and containers. more...
Nature's free for all
Paul Kingsnorth
8th April, 2009With the worst summer on record decimating his potatoes, onions and other allotment crops, Paul Kingsnorth turns to nature's abundance in foraged food
Liquid blue gold
Laura Sevier
26th March, 2009Laura Sevier reports on why we shouldn't be taking our water for granted, as well as offering some easy ways to avoid wasting it more...
Between you and me...
Tom Hodgkinson
16th March, 2009No more financial meltdown, poor communication and substandard food – if we ditch the middlemen and get co-operative, what couldn't we achieve? more...
Should my dog eat dog food?
Laura Sevier
15th March, 2009Obesity, allergies and heart disease… If you think our diets are getting worse, spare a thought for our dogs says Laura Sevier more...
Blog: Earthenwitch
23rd February, 2009Making your own wine, or the joy of something for (virtually) nothing. A few years back, my father decided that it was time to clear out his shed (Serious business, that. I could swear that his shed was a portal to another world, where its primary function was that of a municipal tip). more...
Paint for Life
Matilda Lee
16th February, 2009Quick fading and blandly coloured they are not. Eco paints may be thicker and require a primer but the benefits, not least to our health, outweigh the extra labour writes Matilda Lee more...
Behind the Label: Comfort Fabric Softener
Pat Thomas
12th February, 2009Soft towels, fluffy fleeces and synthetic fabrics don't cling. What's not to like? Well, try skin irritation, increased flammability and environmental pollution, for starters. It seems the average bottle of fabric softener has a dark side. more...
What's the most sustainable fabric
Matilda Lee
6th February, 2009Unravelling a garment's green credentials isn't easy, says Matilda Lee. Instead of fretting about what not to wear there's a few simple things we can do (that could save money too) more...
How to reduce your carbon footprint
As told to Sam Southgate
5th February, 2009Despite being a committed green for almost two decades, John Cossham was surprised to find he had one of the lowest carbon footprints in the country more...
Green Lifestyle: 25/50 of 132
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next »
On the crest of a green wave
Laura Sevier
28th January, 2009A cleaner, greener, more ethical approach to outdoor gear, Finisterre swept into UK shops on a surfing brainwave. Laura Sevier meets the team behind the eco-active clothing company more...
Guerrillas in our midst
Olly Zanetti
21st January, 2009Under cover of darkness, a dedicated team of activists is slowly rescuing unloved pockets of land from botanical meltdown. Olly Zanetti meets the guerrilla gardeners lighting up London. more...
Hemp on the high street
Laura Sevier
21st January, 2009It's versatile, environmentally friendly and has a 5,000-year-old pedigree in the fashion world. Laura Sevier can't understand why it's taken so long for hemp to hit the shops more...
Raw milk - magic bullet or health hazard?
Laura Sevier
21st January, 2009Unpasteurised milk can be a divisive subject, says Laura Sevier, but most of what you hear about the white stuff is pure whitewash more...
Religion's role in restoring the earth's ecological balance
Laura Sevier
21st January, 2009Laura Sevier meets the man trying to broker a better relationship between God, man, science and the natural world. more...
Efficiency be Damned
Nicols Fox
19th January, 2009Far from being a silver bullet for climate change, efficiency is the driving force for ever more gluttonous consumption patterns and all the health and environmental consequences they entail more...
Earth matters
Paul Kingsnorth
28th December, 2008Reflecting on a bumper crop, Paul Kingsnorth pays homage to the powerhouse behind his succulent pumpkins and savoury squash more...
Paper, scissors, headstone
Laura Sevier
18th December, 2008Our rampant consumption of paper is leading to a meltdown of the world's forests. Mandy Haggith wants us to use less more...
DIY Christmas
Matilda Lee and Laura Sevier
17th December, 2008Eschew those store-bought baubles and pricey trinkets — get into the holiday spirit with all things homemade. By Matilda Lee and Laura Sevier more...
Nature? Do The Maths
Malcolm Tait
30th October, 2008Mathematics is at the heart of any research and, in nature, it can be used to predict and enhance our surroundings and ultimately control it. The logical conclusio to the concept is frightening: there could be a mathematical formula for every aspect of life more...
Money or the planet's future? You decide
Richard Heinberg
1st October, 2008During the past weeks, the world's media have been transfixed by the convulsions of the US and global fi nancial system. At stake are billions in bail-outs and trillions in derivatives. The viability of banks and currencies is threatened, and ultimately the savings and investments of hundreds of millions of ordinary people. more...
How to be free: non-action in action
Tom Hodgkinson
1st October, 2008From all sides, the cry is the same: something must be done. More must be done. more...
Counquer ourselves first
Miguel Mendonça
1st October, 2008During my global travels, spreading the word on the cheapest, most effective and equitable policy road for renewables, my observations and experiences have led me to several infuriating and distressing conclusions. more...
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MIS352 - Enterprise Systems
Unit details
|2015 unit information
|Enrolment modes:
|Trimester 2: Burwood (Melbourne), Waterfront (Geelong), Cloud (online)
|Credit point(s):
|EFTSL value:
|Unit chair:
J Lamp
MIS101 (previously coded MSC120)
|Incompatible with:
|Contact hours:
Campus: 1 x 3 hour lab per week
Enterprise systems (ES) are organisation-wide information systems that organise support for business processes, facilitate flows of business information and management decisions, and provide business analytics and reporting services. Enterprise systems play a particularly important role in enterprise resource planning (ERP), which allows smooth integration of information between an enterprise, its supply chain partners and customers, and internally across different business functions with a view to automate a wide range of business activities, such as manufacturing, sales and service provision, finance and accounting, marketing, human resource management, etc. This unit will give students a broad overview of Enterprise Systems, explain their role in running an organisation, and in designing effective business structures and processes. It will also provide students with an opportunity to gain hands-on experience in using the industry-standard Enterprise Resource Planning systems SAP.
Assessment 1 (Individual) - SAP practicals and case study - 40%
Assessment 2 (Group) - Business process games and reports - 30%
Examination 1.5 hour - 30%
Unit Fee Information
|Student Contribution Rate*
|Student Contribution Rate**
|Fee rate - Domestic Students
|Fee rate - International students
* Rate for all CSP students, except for those who commenced Education and Nursing units pre 2010
** Rate for CSP students who commenced Education and Nursing units pre 2010
Please note: Unit fees listed do not apply to Deakin Prime students.


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With that..
Do Mets try to look into Michael Bourn? if not.. who now? if anyone
With that..
Do Mets try to look into Michael Bourn? if not.. who now? if anyone
|Sponsored Links
The Mets won't sign anyone of note.
For the best sports gifs and memes visit
They'll resign the "face of the franchise" and Ra Dickey assuring another season of 70-75 wins, instead making moves that'll actually make a difference by trading guys at their highest value.
I would like everyone to understand that we will NOT be signing anyone of importance this offseason. I repeat, we will NOT be signing ANYONE of importance this offseason.
For the best sports gifs and memes visit
|Sponsored Links
Last edited by metswon69; 11-28-2012 at 07:33 PM.
We know what we can get out of Wright and Dickey, that could certainly be the foundation of a winning team if they got the right help
Last edited by metswon69; 11-28-2012 at 07:37 PM.
so what? the braves are spending $15mil/yr for a guy who over the last 3 seasons has hit .246 or less. bad deal for them!
Upton has averaged just shy of a 4.0 WAR over his 6 seasons and is entering his prime, the Braves will come out winners here.
If You Ain't Huckin, You Ain't ****in
Can Anyone Tell Me Why 'Mets Girl' Isn't Starting???
Mets Dieharder Since '63
Broncos Dieharder Since '73
Los Angeles Kings Dieharder Since 1987
Los Angeles Kings 2012 and 2014 Stanley Cup Champions
Denver Rockets/Nuggets Dieharder Since '73
ua you're gone, but never forgotten, R.I.P.
and yes lets get rid of Pelfrey, because Santana has proven, he can last a full season, LOL this franchise is a big ***.... joke
|Sponsored Links


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Justin Kaufmann
As executive producer of Middays for WBEZ, Justin is responsible for the talk programs Eight Forty-Eight, Worldview and the Afternoon Shift with Steve Edwards. Justin is an ensemble member of the comedy group Schadenfreude, which formerly had a weekly radio program on WBEZ.
Justin joined the staff of WBEZ in the summer of 1994 as an associate producer for the program, Talk of the City, later becoming a producer for the programs Metropolis and the John Dempsey Show. He was also a founding senior producer for Eight Forty-Eight, WBEZ's award-winning weekday morning newsmagazine. Most recently, Justin was the senior content developer, responsible for the content on WBEZ.org.
Justin is the recipient of two James Beard Foundation Awards for his culinary reports with Eight Forty-Eight food contributor Steve Dolinsky. He has also earned Peter Lisagor Awards, Illinois Associated Press awards and a Public Radio News Directors, Inc. (PRNDI) Award.
Justin has a B.S. in Journalism from Columbia College in Chicago.
Originally from Wonder Lake, Illinois, Justin resides in the West Loop neighborhood of Chicago with his wife, Julie and his son, Miles.


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RMU may accept designation as a remainder beneficiary of a charitable remainder trust. The university may accept a designation as income beneficiary of a charitable lead trust.
For more information on the RMU Heritage Society or to set up your planned giving plan, please contact Kimberley A. Hammer, Esq., vice president for development, institutional advancement, at 412-397-6413 or email@example.com.
© 1995–2014 Robert Morris University. All rights reserved.


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Saturday, October 27, 2012
27 comments:
- Jamie Lee said...
I love this quilt! It is perfect for fall.
- October 27, 2012 at 1:54 PM
- Jamie Lee said...
- This comment has been removed by the author.
- October 27, 2012 at 1:54 PM
- CitricSugar said...
Oooh, I really like this one!
And I love how your husband is your Quilt Market guy Friday - good man.
- October 27, 2012 at 1:57 PM
- Heather D. said...
Very cool! Love this design.
- October 27, 2012 at 3:14 PM
- Me said...
What a gorgeous quilt, I love it!
- October 27, 2012 at 3:28 PM
- Me said...
What a gorgeous quilt, I love it!
- October 27, 2012 at 3:28 PM
- lizzieslog said...
Just had to say that I really like your new quilt.
- October 27, 2012 at 4:51 PM
- amy smart said...
I love this one, Allison! I hope everything is going well at Market. Hang in there! :)
- October 27, 2012 at 7:47 PM
- Carla said...
Enjoy market. The quilt is awesome!
- October 27, 2012 at 7:55 PM
- Jennifer Isackson said...
I love your quilts! I am always impressed with how many you are able to make with your little ones running about. Do you have a long arm machine for quilting or do you do it all on a regular machine? How long does it take you to make one? I am just about finished my first 'official' quilt (I have made a few prior but always cheated and did them inside out then flipped them to sew the edges easy). I just have to sew the back of the binding and it's done. I feel very proud!
- October 27, 2012 at 7:58 PM
- supersara20 said...
this is gorgeous. could a whole bunch of layer cakes work?
- October 27, 2012 at 9:01 PM
- Heidi Staples said...
I absolutely love this pattern! Beautiful!!
- October 27, 2012 at 9:22 PM
- cottonreel said...
VERY NICE ,I'm still quilting the zig zag . It's not that I'm slow , just do it at the thursday afternoon I spend with a couple of friends . It is well admired , heavily quilted , I love it
I like the idea Super sara has of using layer cakes for this new quilt , Hmmmm! I have just the very thing
- October 28, 2012 at 2:21 AM
- Frog Quilter said...
Beautiful! While you see the imperfections it's the total quilt you should be seeing. No one will see what you see. I have had this problem but have trained myself to look at the final product WITHOUT trying to find my mistakes (or creative quilting).
- October 28, 2012 at 4:26 AM
- Svetlana said...
wow, another fantastic quilt, I so love your style and your patterns are written so well, definitely my most favorite of all the patterns I've tried so far.
- October 28, 2012 at 5:22 AM
- Jan Marie said...
I really like the quilt. Have fun at market.
- October 28, 2012 at 7:25 AM
- Elsa said...
Another great quilt! My son likes arrows too, but he's more into dark fabrics ~ like black and grey. I think it could work tho.
- October 28, 2012 at 7:36 AM
- Margaret said...
Wow! I am always impressed when someone can take an idea and make a pattern out of it. Love the look of this quilt. Thanks for sharing your amazing talents with little ole me. I might have to just buy this pattern and make this one.
- October 28, 2012 at 9:14 AM
- miamihoney said...
Very nice! You never disappoint :)
- October 28, 2012 at 10:32 AM
- Jeneta said...
Wow! This is beautiful!!
- October 28, 2012 at 3:35 PM
- Joyful Saint said...
This one is WAY COOL. Enjoy market.
- October 28, 2012 at 5:00 PM
- Becca said...
I saw this quilt at market. It is eye catching! Lovely!
- October 28, 2012 at 7:18 PM
- LuLu said...
Alison, I love this! Another brilliant pattern! I hope market was a success :-)
- October 28, 2012 at 10:48 PM
- Stephanie said...
I just went and bought the pattern for Scout and Ring Toss. I don't normally buy patterns anymore, but these two really spoke to me. I'm thinking Ring Toss will make some great quilts for my boys.
- October 29, 2012 at 9:16 AM
- James said...
Packers movers gurgaon - Welcome to Safe Packers Movers - packers movers gurgaon, Trusted name for packers movers in delhi, Bangalore, pune, Mumbai in India.
- October 30, 2012 at 12:33 AM
- kathy-o said...
I LOVE THIS QUILT!!! And your quilting is the perfect design! Lucky little guys in your home...
- October 31, 2012 at 4:30 AM
- Live a Colorful Life said...
This pattern is amazing--it looks complicated but is very do-able and fun. Thanks for letting me pattern test!!
- November 3, 2012 at 9:46 PM


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Now showing items 1-10 of 378
Making it happen, level 2
(Co-Action Publishing, 2010)
Health status and socio-economic factors associated with health facility utilization in rural and urban areas in Zambia
(BioMed Central, 2012-11-13)

Background: With regards to equity, the objective for health care systems is "equal access for equal needs". We examined associations of predisposing, enabling and need factors with health facility utilization in areas ...
Immunohistochemical detection of p53 in non-malignant and malignant oral lesions associated with snuff dipping in the Sudan and Sweden
(Wiley-Liss, Inc., 1996)
Immunohistochemistry was used to examine the expression of p53 in pre-malignant oral lesions and oral squamous-cell carcinomas (SCCs) from Swedish and Sudanese snuff-dippers, as well as in pre-malignant oral lesions and ...
Norske manuellterapeutar sin sjukmeldingspraksis. Ein sjølvrapporterande retrospektiv tverrsnittsstudie
(The University of Bergen, 2014-10-30)
Background: With background in the Referral Project beginning in 2001, Norwegian manual therapists (MTs), have since 2006, had the opportunity to prescribe sick leave (SL). After the project was evaluated in 2003, this ...
Combining evidence and values in priority setting: testing the balance sheet method in a low-income country
(BioMed Central, 2007-09-24)
Background: Procedures for priority setting need to incorporate both scientific evidence and public values. The aim of this study was to test out a model for priority setting which incorporates both scientific evidence ...
Survival on antiretroviral treatment among adult HIV-infected patients in Nepal: a retrospective cohort study in far-western Region, 2006-2011
(BioMed Central, 2013-12-26)

Background: Though financial and policy level efforts are made to expand antiretroviral treatment (ART) service free of cost, survival outcome of ART program has not been systematically evaluated in Nepal. This study ...
Prevalence of Respiratory Symptoms and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, and Reference Values for Lung Function Testing in Kinondoni District, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania
(The University of Bergen, 2010-05-15)
In the wake of socioeconomic development, changing demographics towards ageing populations and the expatiation of non-communicable diseases put additional strains and new challenges unto health services and disease ...
Infant feeding practices in Bhaktapur, Nepal: a cross-sectional, health facility based survey
(BioMed Central, 2012-01-10)

Background: Promotion of proper breastfeeding practices for the first six months of life is the most cost-effective intervention for reducing childhood morbidity and mortality. However, the adherence to breastfeeding ...
Is vaccination coverage a good indicator of age-appropriate vaccination? A prospective study from Uganda
(Elsevier, 2011-04-27)

Background: Timely vaccination is important to protect children from common infectious diseases. We assessed vaccination timeliness and vaccination coverage as well as coverage of vitamin A supplementation in a Ugandan ...
Health worker motivation in a low-income context. The case of rural health services in Tanzania
(The University of Bergen, 2012-10-05)

Background: The optimism from the early post-colonial period in sub-Saharan Africa, with the effort to provide good health services was in many countries challenged by severe economic problems a few decades later. ...


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Since 1999, Northwest Classic Auto Mall has offered cars from 1989 and older vehicles, both locally and worldwide. Whether you're looking for an older classic, hot rod, rat rod or a vehicle in the 80's, we invite you to browse our listings of vehicles.
1930 Ford 2 Door Sedan Between good and excellent condition. If you're interested in this vehicle or have any questions, please call Steve at (360)352-4803 * All steel... More


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Christine (Ashford) Ives,81, born December 9, 1930 in Antlers to Sam and Ethel (Sexton) Ashford, passed from this life on September 18, 2012. Christine was born, lived and educated in Antlers until 1947 when she moved to OKC with her parents. She proudly graduated from Central High School OKC (Class of ŌĆÖ49). After attending DraughonŌĆÖs business school she was employed by the Veterans Administration and at Tinker AFB. She (and husband Charley) retired from federal civil service at 35 years. She worked as a clerk, secretary and computer operation in Tinker Data Services.
Funeral services for Suzanne Throne, 77, of Ada, are 2:00 p.m. Friday at the Criswell Funeral Home Chapel, Revs. Steve DeShazo and Steve Wilburn will officiate. Burial will follow at Rosedale Cemetery. Mrs. Thronepassed from this life on Tuesday, September 11, 2012 at her home. She was born January 28, 1935 in Ada, to P. L. and Pearl Neal Gassaway of Coalgate. She attended schools in Midway, Atoka, and Antlers. She attended East Central University in Ada. She married Bill Bussell of Antlers in 1951. Three daughters were born to them, Belinda Lee, Jenne Beth and Rebecca.
Trevor Pallen, 12,of Spencerville, passed from this life on September 16, 2012 in Hugo. Trevor Shane Pallen was born November 2, 1999 in Oklahoma City, and had lived all of his life in the Choctaw County area. He was preceded in death by his grandfathers, Dean Freeman and Zack Pallen and great grandparents, Bill Cooper, Herman Trapp and Eddie Woodruff. He was a seventh grade student at Ft. Towson Public Schools and had also attended Rattan School and Hugo School. Trevor enjoyed making people laugh, loved playing with his brothers and sisters, and loved hunting, fishing and riding horses.
James ŌĆ£LeonŌĆØ Hale was born to James ŌĆśFredŌĆÖ Hale and Nadine Hale on September 4, 1951 in Rio Arriba, NM. He passed from this life on Monday, September 3, 2012 in Antlers at the age of 60. Leon enjoyed fishing, hunting, being outdoors, playing his guitar, but most of all enjoyed spending time with his dog, ŌĆ£Lady.ŌĆØ His family and friends will always remember him as being the jokester of the family.
Susan Evelyn Glover was born October 6, 1918 in Mt. Ida, Arkansas to Rufus and Annie (Smith) Carter. She passed from this life September 4, 2012 in Antlers at the age of 93. Susan married Rhea Lewis Glover on January 16, 1943 in Austin, TX. She had lived in the Antlers community since that time. Susan was of the Pentecostal faith and she enjoyed spending time with family and friends. Susan was preceded in death by her husband: Rhea Lewis Glover; parents: Rufus & Annie Carter; and two sons: Leonard Glover & William "Bill" Elliot Rhea Glover.
Adam Joseph Steele was born July 18, 1977 in Oklahoma City to Rick and Debbie Steele of Antlers. Adam was riding his motorcycle on September 2, 2012 when a vehicle accidentally turned in front of him, causing him to lose control. Adam was taken to the OU Medical Center and was pronounced dead the following day, September 3rd. Adam saved many lives by generously donating his organs to several people within the state. In 1995 he graduated from Antlers High School where he excelled in football and academics.
Sue OŌĆÖConnell was born September 10, 1940 to Wilma Doris and William David Latham in the Miller Community near Antlers. She passed from this life on Tuesday, September 4, 2012 in Enloe, TX., at the age of 71. Sue was a 1958 graduate of Paris High School in Paris, TX. She has lived in Bryan , TX., for the past 12 years. She was a member of St. Joseph Catholic Church in Bryan, and was a member of the WomenŌĆÖs Guild. She was an excellent home keeper and loved to read.
Betty Ethel Vandiver was born on November 1, 1922 in Yukon to Horace Herman Park and Etta Jane (Howell) Parks. She passed from this life on Sunday, September 9, 2012 in Hugo at the age of 89. Betty married Grady Roe Vandiver in 1942 in Claremore. She was a homemaker and a member of the Antlers Methodist Church and the Eastern Star in Antlers. Betty lived on a ranch near Antlers for many years helping outdoors. After her husbandŌĆÖs death, she moved to Atoka and later to Hugo where she lived for several years.
Flora Austeen Gilliam the daughter of Dick and Flora (Miller) Gilliam, was born on November 20, 1921 in Pittsburgh, TX. She passed from this life August 24, 2012 in Fort Worth, TX at the age of 90. Austeen was the fifth child of Dick and Flora, with a sister and brother born after her. She used her middle name so as not to be confused with her mother. When most of her brothers were in the military service during World War II, Austeen also decided to serve her country. She joined the WomenŌĆÖs Army Corps.
Billy Wayne Johnson was born May 18, 1956 in Antlers to William Henry and Gertie Mae (Sanders) Johnson. He passed from this life August 26, 2012 in Antlers at the age of 56. Billy married Deborah Tankersley on September 5th, 1988 in Antlers. Billy enjoyed hunting & fishing, but most of all he enjoyed spending time with his family. Billy was preceded in death by his parents: William Henry & Gertie Mae Johnson; sister: Sharlene Henley; brothers: Frank Johnson, Paul Wayne Johnson, Bobby Ray Johnson; and a nephew: Lee Edward Johnson.


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Fully featured version, available for download. This product allows for personal use on a single machine, not for use on shared workstations. You must be a student, faculty or staff member of an academic institution to qualify for this offer.
You will be able to place an order for this product again one year after the initial order.
View VMware Fusion 4 features
The #1 Rated Solution by Apple Online Customers to Switch to a Mac and Run Windows Without Rebooting*
Switching From a PC to a Mac Made Easy
VMware Fusion's migration assistant for Windows makes it easier than ever to transfer your entire PC to your Mac and make the most of your Windows software investment. Get the best of both worlds and have access to your Windows programs and all your files from your old PC directly on your Mac, whenever you need them.
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No more choosing between Windows or Mac at startup, VMware Fusion lets you run Windows and Mac applications side-by-side directly from your existing Boot Camp partition.
Upgrade from Parallels
If you have used Parallels Desktop to run Windows on your Mac, VMware Fusion can import your previous Virtual Machines and take them to the next level. With its unique combination of ease of use, performance and stability that can only be delivered by the leader in virtualization, it's no surprise VMware Fusion is the #1 rated solution by Apple customers to run Windows on a Mac.*
* Based on US Online Store reviews on 9/07/2011 of VMware Fusion (4-stars), Parallels Desktop 6 (3.5-stars) and Parallels Switch to Mac Edition (2-stars).
The minimum system requirements for installing and using VMware Fusion 4 are:
Operating system installation media (disk or disk image) for virtual machines.
NOTE: You must have enough memory to run Mac OS X, plus the memory required for each guest operating system and for applications on the Mac and in the virtual machine. For most people, 4 GB will provide a great experience when running Windows XP and Windows 7. See your guest operating system and application documentation for their memory requirements.
Recommended graphics hardware for Windows Aero support:


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Hi you guys,
I guess I'm just looking for reassurance -- is anybody b-feeding and on antidepressants? I just started taking zoloft and my dr. obviously is okay with it, research says it's "okay" but I still am having pangs of guilt. Any experience with this? Symptoms I need to watch out for with the baby? I hope it helps me soon, but not if she's going to be sleepy, constipated, whatever....
Miles 9/13/90
Graham 1/6/92
Benjamin 5/22/02, severe preeclampsia, 33 weeks
Fiona 4/19/05, 37 weeks,PIH, bedrest for two months