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Focus Area:Prevention
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Biomedical Interventions: Blood Safety and Availability
I. Definition of the Prevention Area
Blood transfusion is an essential part of modern medical care. Inadequate and unsafe blood supply causes avoidable deaths and transmits infectious diseases, including HIV, hepatitis B and C, and syphilis. Preventing transfusion of unsafe blood through improved screening of donors and testing processes, and increasing participation of voluntary, non-remunerated blood donors (VNRD) can significantly reduce the spread of HIV. A safe blood supply also protects the health of people living with HIV by ensuring they do not receive blood transfusions contaminated with such blood-borne infections as hepatitis B or C.
II. Epidemiological Justification for the Prevention Area
Transfusion of blood infected with HIV is one of the most effective modes of transmission of the virus. The risk of acquiring HIV infection following transfusion with HIV-positive blood has been estimated to be as high as 70 to 91 percent. Implementing a national testing and donor selection algorithm that establishes the tests to be used significantly reduces the potential of transmitting infectious diseases. In a 2009 study of Kenya's screening algorithm, even highly rigorous nucleic acid testing (NAT) failed to outperform the national algorithm in detecting units of blood infected with HIV.
Approximately 80 percent of the world's supply of safe blood goes to 20 percent of the population, mostly in developed countries. There is a chronic shortage of safe blood in sub-Saharan Africa where, in some areas, hemorrhage leading to blood loss accounts for up to 44 percent of maternal deaths and approximately half of transfused blood goes to children under five years of age with anemia due to malaria or malnutrition. Africa has the lowest blood donation rate per capita in the world, so often family members are asked to provide blood for the person in need of transfusion. These "replacement donors" are at greater risk for transmissible diseases than are VNRD, particularly repeat donors. In addition, blood shortages may lead to release of blood for transfusion before testing is completed, further adding to the potential for disease transmission. These problems are exacerbated in regions with high endemic rates of transmissible diseases. Therefore, it is important to recruit potential donors who are least likely to harbor transfusion-transmissible infectious agents.
The World Health Organization (WHO) and the Joint U.N. Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) recommend VNRD as the foundation of a safe blood supply. Because VNRD donate motivated by altruism rather than by financial or institutional pressure, they are more likely to meet the medical selection criteria for safe donors, to disclose any known possibility of risk exposure, and to donate blood regularly and at properly spaced intervals. However, many countries are faced with misconceptions and fear of testing, which results in a limited number of VNRD. Countries are challenged to find creative recruitment methods to combat misconceptions about blood donation and to motivate the public to donate. Many countries have targeted youth donors under the age of 25 because youth have the lowest HIV prevalence, and blood donor mobilization activities provide opportunities to promote healthier lifestyle choices that mitigate risk over time. Some countries have created social and sporting clubs for blood donors to improve retention and create an identity and pride regarding blood donation.
III. Core Programmatic Components
The primary objective of international blood safety programs such as that of WHO is reducing transmission of infectious diseases through blood transfusion and collecting an adequate supply of blood to meet the needs of the country. This may include the following:
- Establishing supportive policies and legal frameworks for the national blood program
- Strengthening the infrastructure of the national blood transfusion service
- Increasing blood collections from VNRD
- Establishing a comprehensive quality assurance system for the blood program, covering the entire transfusion process from donor recruitment, blood collection, production of blood components, testing, storage, transport, and maintenance of the cold chain, to transfusion to the patient
- Improving the capacity of human resources through a structured training and education program
- Improving data management (patient and donor) monitoring and evaluation of all blood transfusion activities.
A key aspect of improving blood safety is testing for transmissible diseases. However, up to 13 million units, or about 40 percent of the global blood supply, are not screened for all relevant transfusion-transmissible infections. There are several reasons for this, including 1) erratic stream of blood screening supplies; 2) erratic power supply; 3) lack of trained personnel; 4) use of outdated laboratory supplies; 5) poor, out-of-date testing methods that cannot ensure safety (e.g., that do not detect recent HIV infection); 6) cost of reagents; and 7) failure to complete testing when physicians request "fresh blood" to be transfused immediately after collection from the donor, which may not allow adequate time to complete the testing process.
IV. Current Status of Implementation Experience
In a 2007 WHO survey of 148 countries, 41 reported that they were not able to test all donated blood for HIV, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and syphilis. WHO estimates that the lack of effective screening continues to result in up to 16 million new infections with hepatitis B, 5 million new infections with hepatitis C, and 160,000 cases of HIV infection every year. Effective blood safety interventions could reduce the transmission of HIV and other infections. Blood safety initiatives could also protect investments in prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV (PMTCT) programming by optimizing chances that PMTCT clients do not die during childbirth because of lack of blood.
Broad uptake of HIV testing and counseling holds promise for increasing the proportion of potential donors who know their HIV status, making it an important complementary component of PEPFAR's prevention programming. In addition, blood donor recruitment campaigns present an opportunity for HIV prevention messaging.
Over the past five years, several developing countries have made significant improvements to their national blood programs, including renovation of facilities, increased blood collection, staff training, and implementation of monitoring and evaluation systems. However, additional work is needed to ensure that all blood is screened for infectious diseases, that blood is appropriately used according to nationally established guidelines, and that an adequate supply of blood is available to meet the needs of each country. In addition, several exciting new technologies are evolving, including pathogen inactivation, which should be assessed for feasibility and cost-effectiveness in the developing world. Going forward, the foundation of a safe and adequate blood supply will be a pool of low-risk, VNRD, a stringent health history screening process, and a national testing algorithm.
Blood Donors in Kenya: A Comparison of Voluntary and Family Replacement Donors Based on a Population-based Survey
Kimani, D., Mwangi, J., Mwangi, M., et al. Vox Sanguinis (2011), Vol. 100 No. 2, pp. 212–218.
A cross-sectional, nationally representative AIDS survey in 2007 was used to compare voluntary blood donors with family replacement donors (FRD) in Kenya. Nearly 18,000 men and women aged 15 to 64 years participated, providing blood samples that were tested for sexually transmitted infections. Approximately 2 percent (445) had donated blood in the year before the survey. Among them, the majority reported voluntary donation (64 percent). Volunteer donors tended to be younger and wealthier than FRDs and reported lower levels of sexual activity and fewer sex partners in the year before the survey. HIV prevalence was 2.6 percent among voluntary donors and 7.4 percent among FRDs (p = 0.07); herpes simplex virus 2 prevalence was 20 percent and 40 percent, respectively (p = 0.001). Voluntary donors comprised 6.5 of every 10 blood donations in 2007, up from 2 in 10 in 2001. Efforts are needed, however, to reduce reliance on FRDs, who are generally subject to less stringent screening practices and thus increase the risk of TTI.
Reduced Risk of Transfusion-transmitted HIV in Kenya through Centrally Co-ordinated Blood Centres, Stringent Donor Selection and Effective p24 Antigen-HIV Antibody Screening
Basavaraju, S. V., Mwangi, J., Nyamongo, J., et al. Vox Sanguinis (2010), Vol. 99 No. 3, pp. 212–219.
Kenya began implementing measures to reduce transfusion-transmitted infections (TTIs) in its national blood supply in 2001. Donations are voluntary and non-remunerated, and donors undergo a health exam and answer a behavioral risk screening questionnaire. Donations are also screened using fourth-generation p24 antigen and HIV 1 and 2 antibody tests (ELISA). Such screening is not likely to detect infections within the window period before seroconversion, which is approximately 18 days. Nucleic acid testing (NAT) can reduce this window period to about 11 days. To estimate the number of window period infections entering the Kenyan blood supply, over 12,000 specimens from six national collection centers were tested for HIV using NAT. Any additional positive HIV donations in this sample would be attributable to the limitations of the fourth-generation screening tests. NAT retesting found no additional HIV infections, indicating that ELISA screening can significantly reduce HIV in the nation's blood supply, even in a setting with a generalized HIV epidemic. Because NAT costs 3 to 10 times more than ELISA, low-resource countries should carefully weigh the advantages and costs of using NAT.
The Risk of Transfusion-transmitted Infections in Sub-Saharan Africa.
Jayaraman, S., Chalabi, Z., Perel, P., et al. Transfusion (2010), Vol. 50 No. 2, pp. 433–442.
This paper presents the first published modeling estimates of transfusion-transmitted infections (TTIs) in 45 sub-Saharan African countries. Despite a lack of data for 28 countries, the authors used available data, multiple assumptions, and applied statistical techniques to obtain rough risk estimates. With the current rate of 2 million annual transfusions in the region, the risk of infection with one unit of blood is 1.0 in 1,000 for HIV, 4.3 in 1,000 for hepatitis B, and 2.5 in 1,000 for Hepatitis C, resulting in nearly 16,000 TTIs. If the total estimated 6.65 million needed transfusions took place each year, the total annual TTIs would increase to nearly 52,000. Country-level data for 16 countries with more complete data find risks ranging from 7 HIV infections per 100,000 donations in South Africa to 1,096 hepatitis C infections per 100,000 donations in Gabon. A more thorough understanding of TTI risks can help countries develop appropriate responses. Because the disease burden of TTI is so high, the authors "reiterate the need for increased support from the global community to address transfusion-associated risks in the region."
HIV Transmission through Transfusion—Missouri and Colorado, 2008
Laffoon, B., Crutchfield, A., Levi, M., et al. Morbidity & Mortality Weekly Report (2010), Vol. 59 No. 41, pp. 1335–1339.
This case report documents the rare event of HIV transmission via blood transfusion in the United States. After testing negative for HIV, a regular donor's blood was transfused to two patients. On repeat donation several months later, this donor's blood tested positive. Thus, the first blood donation took place during the window period, before the donor seroconverted. One recipient of the infected blood died due to underlying disease, and the second was indeed infected with HIV. The authors estimate that if 16 million blood donations take place annually in the United States, there are likely to be 11 infectious donations, resulting in 20 infected blood components. The questionnaire given to potential blood donors screens high-risk people out of the donation process. In this case study, the infected donor admitted to not answering truthfully to the screening questions. People who donate blood must answer accurately for the screening mechanism to work, thus reducing the risk of such window period infections entering the blood supply.
The Blood Donor in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Review.
Tagny, C. T., Owusu-Ofori, S., Mbanya, D., et al. Transfusion Medicine (2010), Vol. 20 No. 1, pp. 1–10.
Although voluntary, regular, non-remunerated blood donors (VNRD) form the "backbone" of a healthy blood supply, most transfusions in sub-Saharan Africa are done through family replacement donations. In some countries, as much as 70 percent of the blood supply comes through such donors; voluntary donors were found to represent less than half of blood donors in 15 of 38 countries in one study. VNRD tend to be male and younger, and the authors describe successful strategies for recruiting and retaining such donors in Ghana and Zimbabwe. The review includes estimates of HIV, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C prevalence among repeat donors and first-time donors for 15 countries whose blood supply is comprised primarily of VNRD. The high prevalence of infectious disease in the region necessitates a strong blood screening program. This is a significant challenge, however, given infrastructure, financing, and cultural constraints in the region. The authors state that "more effort is required in the drive for education, motivation, and recruitment of regular donors," and conclude that collaborating with international partners may be the key to making it happen.
WHO Global Consultation: 100% Voluntary Non-Remunerated Donation of Blood and Blood Components
World Health Organization (WHO). (2009).
This document resulted from a global consultation meeting held in Melbourne, Australia, in 2009 that reviewed current barriers to safe global blood supply and identified ways to help countries reach the goal of 100 percent voluntary, non-remunerated blood donation. Country-specific examples illustrate the key issues and challenges of implementing such a policy, such as the role of the government and raising and maintaining public awareness. The document includes a copy of the Melbourne Declaration, which calls on WHO member states to achieve 100 percent voluntary, non-remunerated blood donations by 2020, and a checklist for action to achieve this.
Universal Access to Safe Blood Transfusion
World Health Organization (WHO). (2008).
This report looks both globally and regionally at the obstacles to universal access to safe blood transfusion. It then describes the key elements of eight strategies and approaches to help reach this goal. These include achieving totally voluntary, non-remunerated blood transfusion; universal access to safe blood donation; optimal use of donated blood; work force development; and developing quality transfusion management systems. The report also outlines WHO's Global Strategic Plan for Universal Access to Safe Blood Transfusion, 2008–2015 and lays out recommendations for WHO, national health authorities, and national or regional blood transfusion services (BTS).
Reducing Replacement Donors in Sub-Saharan Africa: Challenges and Affordability
Bates, I., Manyasi, G., & Medina, L. Transfusion Medicine (2007), Vol. 17 No. 6, pp. 434–442.
This review found that the cost of voluntary blood donation at centralized collection centers is up to eight times higher than replacement collection at the hospital level, raising concerns about the sustainability of the centralized model in resource-poor settings. In practice, many countries incorporate elements of national coordination into locally based collection services and also use a variety of funding models according to local circumstances. The review cites sub-Saharan African examples of innovative strategies to collect and efficiently utilize donated blood. It also highlights the need for more data on the cost-effectiveness of hybrid strategies and research into their replicability in other countries.
Financing Blood Transfusion Services in sub-Saharan Africa: A Role for User Fees?
Hensher, M., & Jefferys, E. Health Policy & Planning (2000), Vol. 15 No. 3, pp. 287–295.
Given the high costs of protecting a nation's blood supply, country budget constraints, and high levels of HIV, these researchers model multiple scenarios to understand whether levying user fees on blood recipients is a feasible way of financing blood transfusion services (BTS) in sub-Saharan Africa. The authors first undertake a literature review and detail the BTS in Côte d'Ivoire, Mozambique, and Zimbabwe, including financing. BTS expenditures were estimated at 0.8 percent of total public health expenditure in Côte d'Ivoire, 1.5 percent in Zimbabwe, and, for comparison purposes, 0.5 percent in England. Different scenarios are posed for collecting user fees, including three institutional funding options (fully central budget–funded, fully hospital-funded, or mixed) and five patient payment options. The authors present strengths and weaknesses of each scenario, concluding that there is a "limited role" for user fees in these settings. They summarize five key lessons learned from the costing exercise for program planners and donors to consider.
Monetary Blood Donation Incentives and Risk of Transfusion-Transmitted Infection
Eastlund, T. Transfusion (1998), Vol. 38 No. 9, pp. 874–882.
This study compiles the findings of numerous studies comparing infectious disease markers in blood from paid versus volunteer donors and finds that there is an association between paid donation and higher prevalence of donor HIV, hepatitis B and C, and syphilis infection as well as higher incidence of transfusion-transmitted infections (TTIs). However, the author acknowledges that many of the studies were small, not well controlled, and lacked statistical significance testing. Although it can be difficult to eliminate reliance on paid blood donors, the author writes, educational programs and government policies have helped overcome economic and cultural barriers to 100 percent voluntary, non-remunerated blood donation in many countries.
Blood Donors and Blood Collection: Status of Blood Banking and Blood Supply in Afghanistan
Ayyoubi, M. T., McCullough, J. C., Konstenius, T., et al. Transfusion (2010), Vol. 50 No. 3, pp. 566–574.
This paper describes the extremely challenging conditions under which Afghanistan's blood supply system health professionals operate. The country has a nationalized blood banking system comprising the Central Blood Bank of Kabul as well as 18 other branches in Kabul and throughout the country. However, over two decades of armed conflict have severely disrupted the system. Staff lack training in blood banking and transfusion medicine and face shortages of basic equipment and supplies, even water and electricity. The study makes recommendations to build on the existing basic infrastructure and dedicated staff by improving facilities and equipment, promoting voluntary blood donation, enhancing blood collection and processing procedures, and boosting training and education.
Donor Counseling Can Provide Valuable Information to Improve Blood Safety
Knox, P. Africa Sanguine (2009), Vol. 12 No. 1, p. 20.
This study looks at blood donors with a confirmed positive HIV result who were invited for postdonation counseling. The information obtained during the session was then compared with that collected from the donors' answers to the predonation questionnaire and in the face-to-face interview. The postdonation interview revealed useful additional information about donor behavior and provided feedback on the efficacy of the predonation interview and questionnaire. Interviewees often lacked an understanding of the window period for HIV infection, evaded questions about concurrent partners, and were inconsistent in condom use. The open-ended nature of the questions in a postdonation interview highlights the need for counseling skills training for donor staff.
Strategies to Maintain Effective Donor Recruitment and Retention in a Harsh Operating Environment—Lessons from Zimbabwe
Masvikeni, E. M., & Mapako, T. Africa Sanguine (2009), Vol. 12 No. 1, pp. 11–12.
National Blood Service Zimbabwe has grappled with a host of difficulties caused by political instability, record levels of inflation, and shortages of funds, basic commodities and fuel, according to this paper. In the decade to 2008, blood collections fell and HIV seroprevalence among donors rose, but the system was able to maintain its record of 100 percent blood collection from voluntary, non-remunerated donors and 100 percent testing of donated blood. The service also improved its quality management system.
Maternal Mortality: A Consideration for Developing Countries and Emergency Preparedness Blood Safety Plan
Makuwani, A. M., Konstenius, T., Ndugulile, F., et al. Africa Sanguine (2008), Vol. 11 No. 2, pp. 5–8.
This article provides an overview of blood safety in developing countries and uses data from Tanzania to illustrate the increased risk of transfusion-transmitted infections (TTIs) from voluntary non-remunerated blood donors (VNRD) versus relative blood donors. It argues that a safe blood supply is an essential element of safe motherhood, as pregnancy-related bleeding complications are a significant cause of sudden death among women in developing countries. Safe blood can also reduce infant mortality associated with malnutrition, malaria, and worm infestation, as well as the transmission of HIV and other diseases, the authors write, but only within a wider context of political commitment and adequately trained health care workers.
Blood Safety in Sub-Saharan Africa: a Multi-Factorial Problem
Tayou Tagny, C., Mbanya, D., Tapko, J. B., et al. Transfusion (2008), Vol. 48 No. 6, pp. 1256–1261.
This paper examines the paradox of sub-Saharan Africa's great need for blood transfusion (anemia is common, especially among women and children) and lack of access to a safe and reliable supply, given that blood-borne diseases such as HIV and hepatitis are prevalent. While most countries in the region have a transfusion policy, less than half consistently apply it, and the World Health Organization (WHO)-recommended strategy of promoting voluntary, non-remunerated blood donation has failed the thrive in many countries. The lack of testing, preparation of blood components, and inappropriate clinical use of blood all contribute to blood safety remaining a serious issue for sub-Saharan Africa.
Pathogen Inactivation: A New Paradigm for Blood Safety
McCullough, J. Transfusion (2007), Vol. 47 No. 12, pp. 2180–2184.
The development of pathogen inactivation represents a paradigm shift for blood safety, the author of this editorial argues. Although current practice effectively screens for a number of diseases, it does not prevent all transfusion-transmitted infections (TTIs), nor does it entirely prevent transfusion-related sepsis. Pathogen inactivation addresses these issues and eliminates the need for irradiation of blood components, thus removing the risk of graft-versus-host disease. Pathogen inactivation should be more widely adopted, with the additional costs weighed against improvements in blood safety, the author writes. However, current interest in this technology does not address noninfectious blood transfusion hazards and focuses on use in developed countries.
Prevalence of HIV-1 in Blood Donations Following Implementation of a Structured Blood Safety Policy in South Africa
Heyns, A. P., Benjamin, R. J., Swanevelder, J. P., et al. Journal of the American Medical Association (2006), Vol. 295 No. 5, pp. 519–526.
As the HIV epidemic in South Africa escalated in the late 1990s, so did HIV infections in the nation's blood supply, which was an indication of a significant number of new infections undetected by an antibody test (window-period infections). In response, in 1999 the National Blood Service closed blood donation sites in high-prevalence areas, implemented an oral questionnaire about HIV risk behaviors for donors, and began triaging donated products based on risk profiling, issuing the safest products first. As a result, HIV prevalence in blood donations fell from a peak of 0.26 percent in 1998 to 0.05 percent in 2003. First-time donors were significantly more likely to have HIV than repeat donors. After the new screening protocol was implemented, the proportion of first-time donors decreased significantly between 1999 and 2000 and 2001 and 2002. Furthermore, the prevalence of HIV among these donors decreased significantly, from 1.08 percent in 1999 to 2000 to 0.59 percent in 2001 to 2002. The authors estimate a 24 percent reduction from 1999 to 2001/2002 in risk of collecting a unit of blood infected with HIV from a donor in the window period. Collection policies will continue to be adjusted over time to ensure the continued safety of the South African blood supply.
Predonation Screening of Blood Donors with Rapid Tests: Implementation and Efficacy of a Novel Approach to Blood Safety in Resource-Poor Settings
Owusu-Ofori, S. Temple, J. Sakodie, F., et al. Transfusion (2005), Vol. 45 No. 2, pp. 133–140.
The equipment-dependent western model of safe blood procurement is inefficient and unaffordable in small-scale settings in Africa. This paper proposes predonation screening for hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and HIV by rapid testing, followed by nucleic acid testing (NAT) on batches of donated samples, as an affordable means of improving blood safety. As well as being cheaper than traditional screening of donated blood, this method also enables infected donors to be referred for further care, in itself a public health benefit. A study in Ghana found that in high endemic areas, such testing is effective and may reduce the cost of ensuring safe blood supply.
Improving Blood Safety in Resource-Poor Settings
Lee, H. H., & Allain, J. P. Vox Sanguinis (2004), Vol. 87 No. s2, pp. 176–179.
This paper highlights the disparity between developed countries that can rely on high-performance technology to guarantee safe supplies of donated blood and resource-poor countries facing many obstacles to safe blood provision. Namely those obstacles include limited budget; the high prevalence of HIV, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C; and factors adversely affecting retention of voluntary donors. Developing countries should use rapid tests before blood donation rather than striving for a technology-heavy solution. However, developing countries have special requirements of such tests in terms of reagent formulation and test design to compensate for the lack of sensitivity of dipstick tests compared to enzyme immunoassay screening.
Risk of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Transmission by Blood Transfusions Before the Implementation of HIV-1 Antibody Screening
Busch, M. P., Young, M. J., Samson, S. M., et al. Transfusion (1991), Vol. 31, No. 1, pp.4–11.
This paper describes a novel model to estimate the proportion and number of people infected with HIV through blood transfusion in the San Francisco Bay area before the introduction of HIV antibody screening in 1985. The model relied on data on identified HIV-positive blood donations, the prevalence of HIV among homosexual and bisexual men in San Francisco from 1978 to 1984, donation rates to a blood center over the same period, and the outcome from the tracing of recipients of seropositive transfusions. The authors found the risk of infection was higher than previously estimated, and they underline the importance of donor education and self-exclusion to protect blood supply.
Blood Donation Information
This section of the AABB's website is targeted to potential blood donors. In non-technical language, it explains why blood donations are needed and why people become blood donors. It answers questions commonly asked by potential blood donors, including information on the process of blood donation and on the meaning of donor deferral. There is a step-by-step guide to the blood donation process from predonation screening to postdonation care. There are also links to the AABB's Donor History Task Force donor history questionnaires and guidance documents. For U.S. residents, there is a blood bank locator tool and information on how to organize a blood drive.
Education and Training Materials
The AABB's education and training materials comprise four categories: web-based courses, training manuals, slide presentations, and general resources. The web-based courses on basic cell therapy, transfusion-related acute lung injury, and the Code of Good Manufacturing Practice in the Transfusion Service are fee-based with individual and institutional rates. The other materials are all available free of charge. There are manuals on donor services training and blood administration as well as resources on a variety of topics of relevance to blood bank professionals.
Design Guidelines for Blood Centres
These design guidelines can be used to help countries develop blood services facilities. They can be used not just in the design of purpose-built facilities, but also in the renovation of existing buildings and to assess layout to improve work patterns. The guidelines are in two parts, covering function and design. The functional brief covers the role and function of a blood center, issues that should be considered in its design, the operation and function of units, and how much space is required based on various average workloads. The design brief describes physical performance and engineering services requirements of the building itself.
Universal Access to Safe Blood and Blood Products for Transfusion
World Health Organization (WHO). (2010).
The WHO website section on blood safety brings together a plethora of guidance documents, training materials, and tools from the WHO's Blood Transfusion Safety team to explain why blood safety is important and how it can be achieved. Key resources include recommendations on screening blood for transmissible infections, universal access to safe blood transfusion, and guidelines on the design of blood centers. The site's documentation center houses forms and reports related to all aspects of blood safety, including questionnaires and reports from the Global Database on Blood Safety. Related information from within and outside WHO is also accessible through this site.
ISBT Science Series: Introduction to Blood Transfusion Technology
International Society for Blood Transfusion (ISBT). (2008).
This publication comprises 17 original articles that are, in effect, chapters of a training manual. The publication is targeted at students and inexperienced readers, rather than with the expert in mind. Written by specialists in blood transfusion technology, it covers the entire transfusion chain. Chapters begin with learning objectives, conclude with a content summary, and can be studied individually or read as a coherent whole. There are copious illustrations and a comprehensive glossary. Although the content is wide-ranging, it does not cover recent technological advances such as cord blood banking and stem cell production.
Making a Difference: Recruiting Voluntary, Non-Remunerated Blood Donors
International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies. (2007).
Donor recruiters can use the seven modules that make up this manual for self-study training purposes. Starting with basic information about blood safety, the manual covers donor education and social marketing strategies and the process of bringing in and serving donors. There is also a module on building partnerships and another specifically covering recruitment of youth donors. The final module covers human resources, research, and forward planning. Each module includes a list of learning objectives and activities to help reinforce the learning process. Modules can be downloaded separately or as one publication.
Communication for Change (C-Change)
This website provides an overview of the C-Change project, a communication project that aims to influence change in social norms to improve health behaviors. In addition to providing information about their approach, readers can find program information for 15 countries worldwide. The project's focus areas include strengthening local capacity for communication for social change, family planning, HIV prevention, malaria, and gender equity.
View Website
C- Picks E-Magazine
C-Picks is an online magazine that includes resources on social and behavior change communication, including HIV prevention efforts. These selected resources include evaluations, implementation experiences, strategic guidance, and other tools and resources. Readers can browse the archives by date, technical area, country, or region. HIV-related topics include male circumcision, multiple and concurrent partnerships, and integration with family planning/reproductive health services.
View Website
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Fishing in his fourth-ever Destin Fishing Rodeo, Capt. Richard Rogers of the Southern Charm clinched the captain's award in the private under 25 division.
"It was a very great surprise," said Rogers who didn't know he had won until the awards banquet Saturday evening at AJ's Seafood and Oyster Bar.
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In 2010 and 2011 the Rogers won again with sharks.
"We had two or three kings but they didn't hold" in 2012. However, they did get jaws to hold in the form of a 255-pound tiger shark.
In 2011 they again won on the last Saturday of the month with a 103.4-pound shark.
This year the Southern Charm won with a pair of sharks, a 187.4-pounder and an 83.6-pounder. But helping to clinch the win was an 8.2-pound bonito.
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Health care: Small businesses facing new challengesSeptember 29,2013If you havent already, you will probably be getting a notice from your employer about the new health insurance marketplaces through the Affordable Care Act.
The notices, which are required by the health care reform law but carry no penalty if employers fail to provide them, are seen as just one more way for the government to get the word out about the marketplaces, which open Oct. 1.
Herbert Egert wants to do the right thing by his employees, so hes working on his notice. Egert runs a small group dental practice in Maryland that has long provided health care coverage to many of its employees. All of the practices employees who work at least 24 hours a week have medical insurance two through Medicare, one through a parents insurance policy, and five who are covered by their spouses plans. The remaining nine employees are covered by the practice.
We pay 85 percent of individual coverage, which works out to 70 percent of parent plus child, 60 percent for a husband and wife, and 50 percent for family coverage, said Egert, managing partner of Affinity Dental Associates.
Heres Egerts dilemma. The insurer covering his employees offered to renew the contract, which ends in March, by the end of December. Egert believes the early renewal proposal, which came with a 32 percent increase, was a move to keep his employees from seeking coverage through the marketplaces.
I think this offer is just an attempt to take advantage of Obamacare paranoia and that we will be able to do better with the exchanges, he said.
As a small employer with 50 or fewer full-time employees, Egert may be able to provide group coverage through the Small Business Health Options Program Marketplace, and possibly receive a health care tax credit worth up to 50 percent of premium costs.
Egert doesnt know what to tell his employees. They may do better in the exchanges, or they may not. Until open enrollment starts, people can only guess whats best.
What do you think I should indicate in the letter to the employees? asked Egert, who has been my dentist since I was a young adult.
I told him to lay out all the options hes considering for them. When I consulted government officials, they said the same thing. Employers shouldnt worry that they will be locked into any future benefits coverage because of this notice, said Phyllis C. Borzi, assistant secretary of labor for employee benefits security.
The Labor Department has created template letters that employers can use as a model to send to their employees. One letter is for employers who currently offer health insurance, and the other is for those who dont.
If the Fair Labor Standards Act covers your company, your notice should at least include the following:
Information about the health insurance marketplace, where you will be able to shop around and compare plans sold by different insurance companies, should be provided.
You should be told that, depending on your income and what coverage your employer offers, you may be able to get lower-cost private insurance in the marketplace.
If you buy insurance through the marketplace, you may lose your employer contribution to your health benefits, if there is one.
If your employer offers health coverage that meets certain standards, you will not be eligible for a tax credit.
If your employer does not offer health coverage, your letter would point out that you might be eligible for a tax credit that lowers your monthly premium.
If the cost of an employer plan that would cover you not including other members of your family is more than 9.5 percent of your household income for the year, or if the coverage your employer provides does not meet the minimum value standard set by the Affordable Care Act, you may be eligible for a tax credit.
As I told Egert, just be up-front with your employees. If you arent sure what will work best, then say that. Hes got some time to decide. Open enrollment in the individual marketplaces begins Oct. 1 but doesnt end until March 31. Regardless, Egert said he isnt changing his commitment to his employees to provide quality health care.
Most of my staff are confused by and afraid of the ACA calculators that are out there, he said. I have already told my employees that we will play it by ear, but we still intend to supply insurance that is at least as good as what they have now.
Michelle Singletary is a financial columnist for The Washington Post.MORE IN This Just InBy Kathleen Phalen Tomaselli Full StoryBennington College and Middlebury College both top a list for most entrepreneurial colleges in... Full StoryWas the response to an alleged assault at College of St. Full Story
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CLEMSON - Former Clemson stars, receiver DeAndre Hopkins and running back Andre Ellington, posted less-than-stellar 40-yard dash times at the NFL Combine today.
Hopkins ran a rather pedestrian 40-yard dash time of 4.57 seconds and Ellington ran a 4.59 second 40, though the former Berkeley High star appeared to injure his hamstring during his sprint.
Both the times are below average for receiver and running back prospects.
Perhaps the biggest negative regarding Ellington's prospect profile is his inability to stay healthy. He was often less than 100 percent at Clemson and he injured a hamstring and missed time at the Senior Bowl earlier this year.
Ellington projects to be a mid-round pick in April's draft. NFL.com compares him to Detroit Lions running back Jahvid Best.
Hopkins' game-tape always figured to be more impressive than his NFL Combine showing.
Hopkins has received rave review for his hands and body control, traits that helped him catch 82 passes for 1,405 yards and 18 touchdowns last fall, all program records.
Hopkins did post a 36-inch vertical jump and measured in at 6-1, 214 pounds.
Hopkins is expected to be a second-round pick in the draft, a projection likely not influenced much by Sunday's workout.
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Men in blue mapped - Virender Ajmani maps the birthplaces of all players on the Indian National Cricket Team. Vital stats for each player and a YouTube video is available.
Google Map of terror attacks in Maharashtra (September/06) - More info from LastingNews.com here.
Personal Financial Details for Sale in India - Call Centers in India - Follow this Google Map for the Channel 4 (UK) investigative report on how confidential bank data is.
More Mashups:
- Sachin Tendulkar's Record Breaking Test Cricket Centuries
- Latest News from India
- Bollywood Best Actors and Actresses
- Trusted Indian Celebrities
- Weather in India
- Birds of India Map
Do you know of other Google Maps mashups for India? If so, post a comment to let others know about it! :)


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What We're About
Progressive is a place where innovation and collaboration are a way of life. Each of our employees has a role in our success and together, we continue to find new and better ways to satisfy our customers and move the insurance industry forward.
With over 75 years of business, we ensure more than 13 million customers. People from all walks of life, all fields of business and all 50 states make up our diverse group of 26,000 talented professionals. With six large locations and hundreds of smaller claims and legal offices across the country, we collectively work toward our goal of becoming consumers' number one choice for auto insurance. Join a company where you'll be valued for your contributions—and love what you do.
Love What You Do
What's it like to work here? We don't stop until a project is finished—then we eagerly move on to new and exciting challenges. We're a company that strives to move the needle forward each and every day, with the goal to test our limits and exceed expectations.
In our environment, you can bring new ideas forward and grow with confidence. Different ways of thinking are celebrated and hard work is rewarded every single day. And, if you ask our employees why they love working here, many will say without missing a beat: the people. We work hard as a team, and our employees are invested in each other's success as much as their own.
We also understand the importance of work/life balance and our employees enjoy these benefits:
• Gainshare bonus program based on company's achievement of annual performance objectives
• Flexible work arrangements
• Resources for your career goals, such as award winning training and annual tuition
• Award winning, supportive environment which includes Employee Resource Groups
• On-site medical facilities, dining venues and fitness centers at our main campus
• Offerings for a healthy lifestyle such as reimbursement plans for gym memberships
• Ways to give back through company matched charitable contributions
• Comprehensive benefits (medical, dental, vision, life) and a 401(k) program
Ready to find a job you'll love? Visit us at www.progressive.com/jobs


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Timothy Cook
Tony Avelar/Bloomberg News
News about Timothy Cook, including commentary and archival articles published in The New York Times.
Chronology of Coverage
Jun. 11, 2015
Farhad Manjoo State of The Art column observes Apple's chief executive Timothy D Cook raised awareness for digital privacy in speech at developer's conference; points out he criticized data mining, but glossed over Apple's role in practice; says he also did not fairly examine benefits of free, ad-supported services. MORE
Feb. 10, 2015
The company is aggressively adding to its renewable energy sources, a point of pride for its chief executive, Timothy D. Cook. MORE
Nov. 5, 2014
Op-Ed article by Prof Manil Suri contends India should pay attention to Apple CEO Tim Cook's coming-out story, particularly in light of reinstated law that makes homosexual conduct punishable by prison; warns that if India wants to become true global powerhouse, its government should begin to see discrimination as economic problem, as well as a moral one. MORE
Oct. 31, 2014
James B Stewart Common Sense column observes Apple chief executive Tim Cook's declaration 'I'm proud to be gay' makes him first publicly gay chief of Fortune 500 company; notes powerful and respected executive's willingness to publicly acknowledge and embrace his homosexuality is somewhat surprising given his usual reticence to call attention to himself. MORE
Oct. 31, 2014
Apple chief executive Timothy D Cook discloses that he is gay, becoming by far the most prominent executive of a public company to openly declare his homosexuality; remains to be seen what effect announcement will have in nations still struggling to secure basic protection for gays, especially in Asia. MORE
Oct. 31, 2014
Apple chief executive Tim Cook chose to write sober, conscientious essay for Bloomberg Businessweek as vehicle for public disclosing that he is gay; essay repeatedly invokes concept of privacy, and Cook asked that headline not address issue head-on. MORE
Oct. 28, 2014
Apple chief executive Timothy D Cook says his home state Alabama is too slow to guarantee minority rights during the civil rights era and that it is now too slow to ensure the rights of lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender people. MORE
Oct. 23, 2014
Farhad Manjoo State of the Art column notes Apple's introduction of series of devices that work best as part of integrated lineup is result of chief executive Tim Cook's vision of tightly integrated Apple; says company's products are blending into single, inseparable whole. MORE
Oct. 16, 2014
Vanessa Friedman Unbuttoned column asserts that Apple chief executive Tim Cook, the face of the company, should dress better as he attempts to woo the fashion industry. MORE
Sep. 10, 2014
Farhad Manjoo State of the Art column; Apple unveils two large-screen iPhones and Apple Watch at event in Cupertino, Calif; products will likely put to rest questions of how well Tim Cook, who has been criticized for lack of innovation, is managing company since Steve Jobs's death. MORE
Sep. 10, 2014
Apple introduces two new smartphones with larger screens and smartwatch three years into Timothy D Cook's tenure as chief executive, finally bringing to light his vision for tech giant. MORE
Jun. 15, 2014
Profile of Tim Cook, chief executive who assumed control of Apple following death of founder Steve Jobs, and who is beginning to reveal his own personality and leadership style; facing investor concerns about whether company can maintain spectacular level of growth, Cook has sought to broaden company's mission beyond creating the next wildly popular device. MORE
May. 26, 2013
Jeff Sommers Strategies column observes that JPMorgan Chase shareholders approved dual role of Jamie Dimon as chief executive officer and chairman, while Apple's chief Timothy D Cook received praise from senators at a hearing on firm's strategies to avoid taxes. MORE
May. 23, 2013
Joe Nocera Op-Ed column criticizes testimony delivered by Apple chief executive Tim Cook regarding the company's tax avoidance schemes. MORE
May. 22, 2013
Apple chief executive Timothy D Cook testifies at Senate panel hearing after Congressional investigators unveiled detailed report showing how company subsidiaries around the world helped it pay as little as one-twentieth of 1 percent in taxes on billions of dollars in income; Cook came to Capitol Hill prepared to face down senators furious over evidence, but he left having won many of them over. MORE
May. 21, 2013
Congressional investigators say Apple has avoided billions in taxes in the United States and around the world through complex web of international subsidiaries that goes beyond anything most tax shelter experts have ever seen; although investigators have not accused Apple of breaking any laws, inquiry is expected to set up potentially explosive confrontation between bipartisan group of lawmakers and Apple chief executive Timothy D Cook at public hearing. MORE
Apr. 2, 2013
Apple chief executive Timothy D Cook takes unusual step of apologizing to Chinese customers over company's warranty policy and says he will improve customer service in country. MORE
Apr. 2, 2012
Apple, since Timothy D Cook became chief executive in summer 2011, has taken a number of significant steps to address concerns about how its products are made; he differs from his late predecessor Steven P Jobs by putting his stamp on labor issues; thanks to visit by Cook, Foxconn factory in China, where Apple products are made, vowed to reduce working hours and increase wages. MORE
Jan. 10, 2012
Timothy D Cook, the new chief of Apple, receives a one-time stock award worth more than $376 million, largest given by the company in a decade; award signals Apple's confidence in him as the successor to Steven P Jobs. MORE
There are no additional abstracts to display.
Highlights From the Archives
Big Shoes at Apple, but Maybe Not Unfillable
As Timothy D. Cook takes over as Apple's chief executive, followers of the company wonder how he will react to the spotlight and the scrutiny.August 26, 2011 technologyNews
Daily Report: Sales of Apple Watch Suggest a Familiar Path to Success
Some technology pundits have declared the device a flop, but Apple has a history of using incremental improvements to make its products indispensable.
July 23, 2015, Thursday
MORE ON TIMOTHY D. COOK AND: Cook, Timothy D , Apple Inc , Company Reports , Watches and Clocks , Wearable Computing
In Apple Watch Debut, Signs of a Familiar Path to Success
Some technology pundits have declared the device a flop, but Apple has a history of using incremental improvements to make its products indispensable.
July 23, 2015, Thursday
MORE ON TIMOTHY D. COOK AND: Apple Inc , Wearable Computing , Watches and Clocks , Cook, Timothy D , Mobile Applications , iPad , iPod
Daily Report: Apple's 'Amazing Quarter' Isn't Good Enough for Wall Street
While Apple's phone sales were one-third higher in the quarter than a year ago, at 47.5 million, they fell short of analysts' estimates, and the stock fell.
July 22, 2015, Wednesday
MORE ON TIMOTHY D. COOK AND: Cook, Timothy D , Apple Inc , Apple Music , Company Reports
What Apple's Tim Cook Overlooked in His Defense of Privacy
When Apple's chief executive gave a speech on the tech industry's privacy practices, he failed to fairly explore the benefits of free, ad-supported services.
June 11, 2015, Thursday
MORE ON TIMOTHY D. COOK AND: Apple Inc , Cook, Timothy D , Privacy , Data-Mining and Database Marketing , Online Advertising
Daily Report: Rising Resistance Among American Consumers to Data-Mining Practices
Many Americans do not think the trade-off of their data for personalized services, giveaways or discounts is a fair deal, a University of Pennsylvania study found.
June 5, 2015, Friday
MORE ON TIMOTHY D. COOK AND: Cook, Timothy D , Advertising and Marketing , Computers and the Internet , Consumer Protection , Data-Mining and Database Marketing
Apple to Unveil Tool Kit for Watch App Developers
Apple is set to unveil new app tools for its watch on Monday, as well as software updates and a streaming music service. Missing will be the Apple TV.
June 5, 2015, Friday
MORE ON TIMOTHY D. COOK AND: Apple Inc , Watches and Clocks , Wearable Computing , Mobile Applications , Cook, Timothy D
Two Apple Designers Step Up as Jony Ive Becomes Chief Design Officer
Apple is boosting the profile of two designers, Richard Howarth and Alan Dye, under longtime design head Jony Ive, who gains the new title of chief design officer.
May 26, 2015, Tuesday
MORE ON TIMOTHY D. COOK AND: Cook, Timothy D , Ive, Jonathan , Jobs, Steven P , Apple Inc , Appointments and Executive Changes , Design , Wearable Computing
Apple, IBM and Japan Post See Profit in the Old-Age Market
Apple, IBM and Japan Post are partnering to provide a technology service for older adults. The venture reflects the larger ambitions of each company.
April 30, 2015, Thursday
MORE ON TIMOTHY D. COOK AND: Cook, Timothy D , Nishimuro, Taizo , Rometty, Virginia M , Japan , Apple Inc , International Business Machines Corporation , Japan Post Service Co Ltd , Computers and the Internet , Elderly , iPad , Mobile Applications , Software
Silicon Valley Leaders, New to Social Issues, Come Together Over Indiana Law
In an industry that avoids controversy, the heads of several prominent companies, including Apple and Salesforce.com, have chosen to pick a battle.
April 1, 2015, Wednesday
MORE ON TIMOTHY D. COOK AND: Computers and the Internet , Cook, Timothy D , Benioff, Marc , Indiana , Discrimination , Homosexuality and Bisexuality , United States Politics and Government , Salesforce.com Inc , Apple Inc , Same-Sex Marriage, Civil Unions and Domestic Partnerships , State Legislatures , Law and Legislation
A Conversation With the Authors of 'Becoming Steve Jobs'
Brent Schlender and Rick Tetzeli, who wrote "Becoming Steve Jobs," discuss the evolution of Steve Jobs and how they won Apple's cooperation for the unauthorized biography of its former chief executive.
March 24, 2015, Tuesday
MORE ON TIMOTHY D. COOK AND: Cook, Timothy D , Jobs, Steven P , Schlender, Brent , Tetzeli, Rick , Apple Inc , Books and Literature , Smartphones
Apple Announces Streaming Music Service
Apple's chief executive, Timothy D. Cook, and its head of software and internet services, Eddy Cue, announced the company's new music streaming service on Monday in San Francisco.
Apple Unveils the Apple Watch
Timothy D. Cook, Apple's chief executive, introduced the Apple Watch, an edition of which is made of 18-karat gold and retails starting at $10,000.
Apple's Cook Makes Case for Equal Rights
In a speech on Oct. 27, Timothy D. Cook, Apple's chief executive, urged his home state of Alabama to move faster on ensuring equality for all.
Introducing Apple Watch
Timothy D. Cook, Apple's chief executive, introduced a smartwatch, a wearable device that combines health and fitness tracking with communications.
Times Minute | How Beats Helps Apple
Apple makes the largest acquisition in its history. What buying Beats means for the company and for you.
Rss Feeds On Timothy Cook
Subscribe to an RSS feed on this topic. What is RSS?


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Learn how to develop iOS and Android apps with your existing HTML skills, Dreamweaver CC, and PhoneGap.
See how PhoneGap, an open-source framework, and the PhoneGap Build service, part of the Adobe Creative Cloud, allow you to create cross-platform mobile apps.
Get a first look at Edge Code, the impressive new code editor from Adobe, and its open-source cousin Brackets.
Find out how to build standards-compliant websites from the ground up with Dreamweaver CC.
Tell a more compelling story in Edge Animate with an animated infographic.
Explore the emerging workflow between the Adobe Creative Cloud applications and Edge Animate through a series of hands-on projects.
Use Edge Animate and HTML5, jQuery, and CSS to create a custom, interactive homepage marquee.
Build a dynamic sliding tabbed panel from scratch using a combination of HTML, CSS, jQuery, and the tools in Dreamweaver.
Build a dynamic, database-driven website using ColdFusion 10 and ColdFusion Builder.
Find out how to add stylized dropdown menus in Dreamweaver using HTML, CSS, JavaScript.
A project-style course that teaches how to build a Flash-based game with Flash Builder 4.6, Flash Player 11, and the Starling framework.
Add dynamic data to a PHP-enabled web site in Dreamweaver CS5 and CS6.
Shows Flash developers how to create dynamic content in the browser using HTML5, CSS, and other related technologies.
Shows Flash designers how to incorporate ActionScript code into projects and create interactive presentations and applications.
Offers two approaches to implementing ecommerce functionality in Dreamweaver: adding a shopping cart to an existing site or building a stand-alone solution with PHP and MySQL.
Reviews the new features in Flex, Flash Builder, and AIR for desktop and mobile application developers.
Teaches you the fundamentals of programming in ActionScript 3 using both Flash Professional and Flash Builder.
Shows how to deliver media across platforms and devices in Flash Media Server 4.5.
Develop HTML5 applications for the two mobile operating systems supported in Dreamweaver, iOS and Android, and generate a native app for each OS.
Shows developers how to integrate Flex applications with PHP-based data services.
Shows how to develop an interactive video gallery for the web in Dreamweaver using HTML5 with a Flash fallback, CSS, and the open-source JavaScript library jQuery.
Use Dreamweaver's features to create role-based logins, restrict page access, build an administrator area, and test everything to make sure it works.
Create forms to gather information from users and validate that information using various methods of form validation.
Offers developers an overview of the latest enhancements found in Flash Builder 4.5 and Flex 4.5.
Shows how to develop an interactive photo gallery for a web site using HTML, CSS, and jQuery.
Use Flash Professional CS5 to create a game to play on iOS devices, utilizing device hardware like the accelerometer and integration with a local database.
Use existing Flash skills to create a game for Android devices.
How to develop and deploy Flash-based native applications with Adobe AIR 2.
Demonstrates how to build add Web 2.0 style and functionality to existing applications using the complete set of AJAX controls and workflow tools in ColdFusion 9.
Reviews the dozens of new features added to the Flex 4 SDK and Flash Builder 4 toolset, explaining critical information for building rich internet applications.
Explores the newest release of the Flex SDK and Flash Builder, explaining critical information for building rich internet applications.
Explains the configuration and implementation of a ColdFusion 9 environment, including everything necessary for full implementation of ColdFusion in a web development.
Highlights the important new features of the latest release of ColdFusion, a dynamic web application builder.
Teaches how to set up a system for development and testing, and highlights a number of the useful advancements to this version of the Flash Player.
Add AJAX-driven functionality to sites even without prior JavaScript experience.
Adobe Certified Instructor David Gassner brings AJAX developers deeper into the functions and features of AIR 1.5 used with Dreamweaver CS4.
Shares tools and techniques to help create a more streamlined workflow through reusable code components.
Teaches new designers the building blocks of web programming.
Demonstrates the installation of Apache, MySQL, and PHP for Mac OS X and Windows.
Todd Perkins shares his insights on all aspects of developing games for the Wii.
Web developers can learn to leverage their Flash, Flex, HTML, and AJAX skills to create multi-platform desktop applications in AIR.
How to go beyond Dreamweaver's installed Spry capabilities by creating custom Spry widgets.
Covers each step involved in creating particles and building particle systems.
Teaches the use of RSS data for blogs, podcasts, and images.
Adobe Certified Instructor shows how to create all kinds of games and have fun with ActionScript.
Delves into the essentials of delivering Flash to mobile devices.
Demonstrates advanced techniques in ColdFusion 8, such as creating multimedia presentations and working with XML files.
Put the skills learned in the Essential Training course to practical use.
Teaches the essentials of internet application development using ColdFusion 8.
Demonstrates how to use Dreamweaver CS3 to create professional, data-driven, interactive web sites.
"It is like taking college classes without leaving home. Great for total beginners and long-time veterans." —Trevor C.
more from our members »


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Mulberry Fall 2012
>> "I always think a Winter show should actually be for Winter," creative director Emma Hill said backstage at her Fall 2012 show for Mulberry. And so, out came the fur-heavy coats, layered sweaters, and cozy wool skirts. But this wasn't your usual dreary cold weather offering. Hill looked to Where The Wild Things Are and The Lost Explorer for inspiration, and the result was a collection rich with fantasy: knits came brightly patterned, wools highly textured, and a smattering of dreamy prints drifted throughout.
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good tips hakonhoy
thanks only a bit to many goals in the bolton game. Hopefully my picks for the Premier League games tonight will be just as good. Would be great with some feedback on them
Premier League 16 December
- Wednesday -
Burnley - ArsenalTurf MoorKick-off: 19.45 GMT. Burnley: 1-3-2Arsenal: 4-0-2Last season: N/A.Burnley (probable, 4-4-1-1): Jensen; Mears, Carlisle, Bikey, Jordan; Eagles, McDonald, Alexander, Blake; Elliott; Fletcher.Arsenal (probable, 4-3-3): Almunia; Sagna, Gallas, Vermaelen, Silvestre; Fabregas, Song, Denilson; Walcott, Arshavin, Eduardo.Referee: Mike Dean. Matches: 11. R2 Y52.Arsenal have been strong recently while Burnley have gone five games without a win. Burnley was very strong at the begining of the season at home at Turf Moor, but I believe Arsenal will win this one.Arsenal to win.
Chelsea - PortsmouthStamford BridgeKick-off: 19.45 GMT. Chelsea: 4-1-1Portsmouth: 2-1-3Last season: Chelsea 4 Portsmouth 0, Portsmouth 0 Chelsea 1. Chelsea (probable, 4-4-2): Cech; Ivanovich, Carvalho, Terry, A Cole; Mikel, Ballack, Lampard, J Cole; Anelka, Drogba.Portsmouth (probable, 4-4-2): James; Yebda, Ben-Haim, Wilson, Hreidarsson; Diop, Brown, O'Hara, Hughes; Kanu, Dindane.Referee: Mark Clattenburg. Matches: 14. R3 Y41.Chelsea had no problems against Portsmouth last season. In six Premier League visits, Pompey have lost six, conceded 15 and scored just once. Chelsea should have no problems in this one.Chelsea to win with 0-1 handicap.
Liverpool - WiganAnfieldKick-off: 20.00 GMT. Liverpool: 1-3-2Wigan: 1-2-3Last season: Liverpool 3 Wigan 2, Wigan 1 Liverpool 1. Liverpool (probable, 4-2-3-1): Reina; Johnson, Agger, Carragher, Insua; Lucas, Aquilani; Kuyt, Gerrard, Aurelio; Torres.Wigan (probable, 4-5-1): Pollitt; Melchiot, Boyce, Bramble, Figueroa; Gomez, Thomas, Diame, Scharner, N'Zogbia; Rodallega.Referee: Phil Dowd. Matches: 14. R4 Y45. Liverpool have managed to score in their last 19 home Premier League games. They have only won one of their last six Premier League games. It is time for the hosts to at Anfield again.Liverpool to win with 0-1 handicap.
Tottenham - Manchester CityWhite Hart LaneKick-off: 20.00 GMT.Tottenham: 2-2-2Manchester City: 1-5-0Last season: City 1 Tottenham 2, Tottenham 2 City 1.Tottenham (probable, 4-4-2): Gomes; Corluka, Bassong, Dawson, Assou-Ekotto; Lennon, Huddlestone, Modric, Kranjcar; Defoe, Crouch.City (probable, 4-4-2): Given; Richards, Toure, Lescott, Sylvinho; Wright-Phillips, Kompany, Barry, Robinho; Adebayor, Tevez.Referee: Alan Wiley. Matches: 13. R3 Y35. Spurs have managed to beat City 2-1 in the last five meetings at White Hart Lane. City are unbeaten in 10 Premier League games and have been strong this season.More than 2.5 goals.
Premier League 19, 20 and 21 December
- Saturday -
Portsmouth - LiverpoolFratton ParkKick-off: 12.45 GMTPortsmouth: 2-1-3Liverpool: 2-2-2Last season: Liverpool 1 Portsmouth 0, Portsmouth 2 Liverpool 3.Portsmouth (probable, 4-4-2): James; Ben-Haim, Kaboul, Wilson, Hreidarsson; Piquionne, Yebda, Boateng, Brown, O'Hara; Dindane.Liverpool (probable, 4-2-3-1): Reina; Johnson, Agger, Carragher, Insua; Lucas, Mascherano; Kuyt, Gerrard, Aurelio; Torres.Referee: Lee Mason. Matches: 9. R3 Y23. Liverpool struggled a bit here last season but have lost only once in their last five visits to Fratton Park.Liverpool to win.
Aston Villa - StokeVilla ParkKick-off: 15.00 GMTAston Villa: 4-2-0Stoke: 1-3-2Last season: Stoke 3 Villa 2, Villa 2 Stoke 2.Aston Villa (probable, 4-4-2): Friedel; L Young, Collins, Dunne, Warnock; Milner, Petrov, Sidwell, A Young; Carew, Agbonlahor.Stoke City (probable, 4-4-2): Sorensen; Wilkinson, Shawcross, Huth, Collins; Lawrence, Whitehead, Delap, Etherington; Fuller, Sidebe.Referee: Lee Probert. Matches: 7. R2 Y26. Aston Villa have been very impressive recently and should be able to beat Stoke in this one.Aston Villa to win with 0-1 handicap.
Blackburn - TottenhamEwood ParkKick-off: 15.00 GMT Blackburn: 1-3-2Tottenham: 2-2-2Last season: Tottenham 1 Blackburn 0, Blackburn 2 Tottenham 1.Blackburn Rovers (probable, 4-4-1-1): Robinson; Chimbonda, Samba, Nelsen, Givet; Emerton, Nzonzi, Grella, Diouf; McCarthy; Di Santo.Tottenham Hotspur (probable, 4-4-2): Gomes; Corluka, Bassong, Dawson, Assou-Ekotto; Lennon, Huddlestone, Palacios, Kranjcar; Defoe, Crouch.Referee: Peter Walton. Matches: 9. R0 Y21.Blackburn have made som strong performances recently but Spurs are coming off a strong win at home against Manchester City. Could be close.Less than 2.5 goals.
Fulham - Manchester UnitedCraven CottageKick-off: 15.00 GMTFulham: 2-3-1Manchester United: 4-0-2Last season: United 3 Fulham 0, Fulham 2 United 0.Fulham (probable, 4-4-2): Schwarzer; Pantsil, Hughes, Hangeland, Konchesky; Gera, Baird, Greening, Duff; Zamora, Dempsey.Manchester United (probable, 4-4-1-1): Kuszczak; Neville, Brown, Vidic, Evra; Fletcher, Carrick, Anderson, Giggs; Valencia; Rooney.Referee: H Webb. Matches: 10. R0 Y36. United have won eight of their last nine Premier League games against Fulham. United have struggled a bit recently but should win this game.Manchester United to win.
Manchester City - SunderlandCity of Manchester StadiumKick-off: 15.00 GMTManchester City: 1-4-1Sunderland: 1-1-4Last season: Sunderland 0 City 3, City 1 Sunderland 0. Manchester City (Probable, 4-2-3-1): Given; Richards, Toure, Onuoha, Sylvinho; Ireland, De Jong, Barry; Adebayor, Tévez, Robinho.Sunderland (Probable, 4-4-2): Fulop; Bardsley, Da Silva, Turner, McCartney; Malbranque, Cattermole, Henderson, Reid; Bent, Jones.Referee: Andre Marriner. Matches: 12. R5 Y52. Manchester City have only won once in their last 10 Premier League games and suffered a 3-0 defeat at Spurs in midweek. But I believe theyw ill win this one.Manchester City to win.
Arsenal - HullEmirates StadiumKick-off: 17.30 GMTArsenal: 3-1-2Hull: 1-3-2Last season: Arsenal 1 Hull 2, Hull 1 Arsenal 3.Arsenal (Probable, 4-3-3): Almunia; Sagna, Gallas, Vermaelen, Silvestre; Walcott, Song, Diaby, Nasri; Eduardo; Arshavin.Hull City (Probable, 4-5-1): Duke; McShane, Gardner, Zayatte, Dawson; Garcia, Boateng, Geovanni, Marney, Hunt; Altidore.Referee: S Bennett. Matches: 12. R2 Y48. Hull have not won away in the Premier League since March and I believe that losing streak will continue.Arsenal to win with 0-1 handicap.
- Sunday -
Wolves - BurnleyMolineuxKick-off: 13.30 GMT.Wolves: 2-0-4Burnley: 0-4-2Last season (Championship): Wolves 2 Burnley 0, Burnley 1 Wolves 0.Wolves (probable, 4-4-2): Hahnemann; Stearman, Craddock, Berra, Ward; Edwards, Henry, Milijas, Jarvis; Doyle, Ebanks-Blake.Burnley (probable, 4-4-1-1): Jensen; Mears, Carlisle, Bikey, Jordan; Eagles, McDonald, Alexander, Blake; Elliott; Fletcher.Referee: Martin Atkinson. Matches: 13. R0 Y51. Wolves won here at home when the two sides met here in the Championship last season. I believe Wolves could manage to win again. They saved almost all of their players against Manchester United on Tuesday.Wolves to win.
Everton - BirminghamGoodison ParkKick-off: 15.00 GMT.Everton: 0-3-3Birmingham: 5-1-0Last season: N/A.Everton (probable, 4-4-1-1): Howard; Neill, Hibbert, Heitinga, Baines; Pienaar, Rodwell, Fellaini, Bilyaletdinov; Yakubu; Saha.Birmingham City (probable, 4-4-2): Hart; Carr, Dann, Johnson, Ridgewell; Larsson, Ferguson, Bowyer, McFadden; Benítez, Jerome.Referee: Stuart Attwell. Matches: 8. R0 Y28.Everton have now gone five games in the Premier League without a win. They face a very strong team in Birmingham, but I believe it could be a close one.Less than 2.5 goals.
West Ham - ChelseaUpton ParkKick-off: 16.00 GMT.West Ham: 1-1-4Chelsea: 4-1-1Last season: Chelsea 1 West Ham 1, West Ham 0 Chelsea 1.West Ham United (probable, 4-4-2): Green; Spector, Da Costa, Upson, Ilunga; Collison, Parker, Kovac, Stanislas; Franco, Diamanti.Chelsea (probable, 4-1-2-1-2): Cech; Ivanovich, Carvalho, Terry, A Cole; Mikel; Deco, Lampard; J Cole; Anelka, Drogba.Referee: Mike Dean. Matches: 11. R2 Y52. The Hammers have failed to beat Chelsea in their last eight Premier League games and I believe they will lose today as well.Chelsea to win.
- Monday -
Wigan - BoltonDW StadiumKick-off: 20.00 GMT.Wigan: 1-2-3Bolton: 1-2-3Last season: Bolton 0 Wigan 1, Wigan 0 Bolton 0.Wigan Athletic (probable, 4-5-1): Kirkland; Melchiot, Boyce, Bramble, Figueroa; Gomez, Diame, Thomas, Scharner, N'Zogbia; Rodallega.Bolton Wanderers (probable, 4-4-2): Jaaskelainen; Steinsson, Cahill, A O'Brien, Robinson; Muamba, Taylor, Cohen; K Davies, Klasnic.Referee: Alan Wiley. Matches: 13. R3 Y 35. Wigan have only scored nine home goals this season and I do not expect many goals this time around either.Less than 2.5 goals.
Premier League 30 December
Portsmouth - ArsenalFratton ParkKick-off: 19.45 GMT Portsmouth: 2-1-3Arsenal: 4-1-1Last season: Arsenal 1 Portsmouth 0, Portsmouth 0 Arsenal 3.Portsmouth (from): Begovic, Finnan, Ben-Haim, Belhadj, Hreidarsson, Kaboul, Brown, Utaka, Mullins, Piquionne, Dindane, Boateng, Diop, Wilson, Yebda, Ashdown.Arsenal (from): Almunia, Traore, Vermaelen, Gallas, Sagna, Nasri, Diaby, Song, Rosicky, Walcott, Arshavin, Fabianski, Ramsey, Eduardo, Silvestre, Vela, Merida, Senderos, Denilson, Fabregas.Referee: Alan Wiley.In the last 17 meetings Arsenal have netted 37 goals while Pompey have scored 10 goals. Arsenal, who have impressed recently, should be clear favourites in this one.Arsenal to win.
Manchester United - WiganOld TraffordKick-off: 20.00 GMT Manchester United: 4-0-2Wigan: 1-2-3Last season: United 1 Wigan 0, Wigan 1 United 2.United squad: Kuszczak, Foster, Neville, Rafael, De Laet, Vidic, Brown, Evra, Fabio, Valencia, Park, Carrick, Fletcher, Scholes, Anderson, Gibson, Giggs, Obertan, Rooney, Berbatov, Owen, Welbeck, Tosic.Wigan squad: Kirkland, Bramble, Scharner, Melchiot, Boyce, Figueroa, N'Zogbia, Gomez, Thomas, Scotland, Rodallega, Amaya, De Ridder, Sinclair, Kingson, Cho, Bouaouzan, McCarthy.Referee: Lee Mason.United won both meetings between these two last season and Wayne Rooney has scored five goals in his last give games against Wigan. Should be entertaining.Manchester United to win with 0-1 handicap and Wayne Rooney to score.
Premier League 16 and 17 January
Chelsea - SunderlandStamford BridgeKick-off: 15.00 GMTChelsea: 2-3-1Sunderland: 0-3-3Last season: Chelsea 5 Sunderland 0, Sunderland 2 Chelsea 3.Chelsea (probable, 4-3-2-1): Cech; Ivanovic, Terry, Carvalho, A Cole; Lampard, Ballack, Zhirkov; J Cole, Malouda; Anelka.Sunderland (probable, 4-4-2): Fulop; Bardsley, Cana, Nosworthy, McCartney; Malbranque, Meyler, Henderson, Murphy; Campbell, Bent.Referee: Chris Foy. Matches: 16. R2 Y46.Chelsea have won their last 10 Premier LLeague meetings with Sunderland. Chelsea should be able to get all three points from this game.Chelsea to win.
Everton - Manchester CityGoodison ParkKick-off: 17.30 GMTEverton: 1-5-0Manchester City: 4-1-1Last season: City 0 Everton 1, Everton 1 City 2.Everton (probable, 4-4-1-1): Howard; Neville, Neill, Heitinga, Baines; Osman, Cahill, Fellaini, Pienaar; Donovan; Saha.Manchester City (probable, 4-4-2): Given; Richards, Garrido, Sylvinho, Kompany; Zabaleta, Petrov, De Jong, Barry; Bellamy, Tevez.Referee: Andre Marriner. Matches: 15. R7 Y59.Manchester City managed to win at Goodison last season and I believe they have a great chance of winning here this season as well.Manchester City to win and Carlos Tevez to score.
Manchester United - BurnleyOld TraffordKick-off: 15.00 GMManchester United: 3-1-2Burnley: 0-3-3Referee: Phil Dowd. Matches: 17. R4 Y54.Manchester United (probable, 4-4-1-1): Kuszczak; Rafael, Brown, Evans, Evra; Valencia, Carrick, Scholes, Giggs; Park; Rooney.Burnley (probable, 4-4-2): Jensen; Mears, Carlisle, Bikey, Jordan; Elliott, Alexander, McDonald, Eagles; Blake, Fletcher.Referee: Lee Probert. Matches: 10. R2 Y32. Burnley managed a shock 1-0 win over United in August at Turf Moor, but a repeat of that is very unlikely. United have been away on training camp in UAE. United have managed 44 points after 21 games.Manchester United to win with 0-1 handicap.
Portsmouth - BirminghamFratton ParkKick-off: 15.00 GMTPortsmouth: 2-1-3Birmingham: 3-3-0Last season: N/A.Portsmouth (probable, 4-5-1): Begovic; Finnan, Kaboul, Wilson, Hreidarsson; Smith, Diop, Brown, Hughes, Boateng; Piquionne.Birmingham (probable, 4-4-2): Hart; Carr, R Johnson, Dann, Ridgewell; Larsson, Ferguson, Bowyer, McFadden; Jerome, Benitez.Referee: Anthony Taylor. Matches: None. R0 Y0.Birmingham have failed to win in their last seven visits and have drawn five of them. A draw could be likely in this one.Draw.
Stoke - LiverpoolBritannia StadiumKick-off: 12.45 GMTStoke: 1-1-4Liverpool: 3-1-2Last season: Liverpool 0 Stoke, Stoke 0 Liverpool 0. Stoke City (probable, 4-4-2): Sorsensen; Huth, Ab Faye, Shawcross, Higginbotham; Lawrence, Delap, Whitehead, Etherington; Sidibe, Tuncay.Liverpool (probable, 4-2-3-1): Reina, Darby, Skrtel, Carragher, Insua; Aquilani, Lucas; Kuyt, Spearing, Rodriguez; Ngog.Referee: Lee Mason. Matches: 12. R4 Y32. Both meetings last season ended in goalless draw and Stoke have failed to score a League goal against Liverpool in five previous attempts. Liverpool will be happy with a 0-1 away win in this one.Less than 2.5 goals.
Tottenham - HullWhite Hart LaneKick-off: 15.00 GMTTottenham: 3-2-1Hull: 1-2-3Last season: Tottenham 0 Hull 1, Hull 1 Tottenham 2.Tottenham Hotspur (probable, 4-4-2): Gomes; Corluka, Dawson, Bassong, Bale; Modric, Huddlestone, Palacios, Kranjcar; Defoe, Crouch.Hull City (probable, 4-4-2): Myhill; Mendy, Gardner, Zayatte, Dawson; Garcia, Thomas, Boateng, Hunt; Fagan, Altidore.Referee: Martin Atkinson. Matches: 16. R0 Y63.Hull are on a winless streak away in the Premier League. They have gone 15 games without an away win.Tottenham to win with 0-1 handicap.
Wolverhampton - WiganMolineuxKick-off: 15.00 GMTWolverhampton: 3-0-3Wigan: 1-2-3Last season: N/A.Wolverhampton Wanderers (probable, 4-4-2): Hahnemann; Foley, Berra, Craddock, Ward; Milijas, Henry, Mancienne, Jarvis; Ebanks-Blake, Doyle.Wigan Athletic (probable, 4-5-1): Kirkland; Melchiot, Boyce, Bramble, Figueroa; Scharner, Gomez, Thomas, N'Zogbia; Rodallega, Scotland.Referee: Howard Webb. Matches: 12. R1 Y43.Wigan have conceded a massive 31 away goals this season and I believe Wolves could manage a small home win.Less than 2.5 goals.
Aston Villa - West HamVilla ParkKick-off: 13.30 GMTAston Villa: 4-0-2West Ham: 1-1-4Last season: West Ham 0 Villa 1, Villa 1 West Ham 1.Aston Villa (probable, 4-4-2): Friedel; L Young, Cuellar, Dunne, Warnock; Milner, Reo-Coker, Petrov, Downing; Agbonlahor, A Young.West Ham United (probable, 4-5-1): Green, Faubert, Tomkins, Upson, Daprela; Behrami, Parker, Kovac, Stanislas, Diamanti; Jiminez.Referee: Mike Jones. Matches: 9. R1 Y31. Aston Villa only managed a draw at home to West Ham last season, but this time around I believe the hosts will win.Aston Villa to win.
Blackburn - FulhamEwood ParkKick-off: 15.00 GMTBlackburn: 0-3-3Fulham: 2-2-2Last season: Blackburn 1 Fulham 0, Fulham 1 Blackburn 2.Blackburn Rovers (probable, 4-4-2): Robinson; Chimbonda, Givet, Samba, Jacobsen; Salgado, Dunn, Reid, Pedersen; Di Santo, Kalinic.Fulham (probable, 4-4-2): Schwarzer; Kelly, Smalling, Hughes, Konchesky; Gera, Baird, Murphy, Duff; Johnson, Nevland.Referee: Kevin Friend. Matches: 7. R1 Y20. It has been 17 games since Fulham last lost by more than one goal and I believe this one will be close.Draw.
Bolton - ArsenalReebok StadiumKick-off: 16.00 GMTBolton: 1-4-1Arsenal: 4-2-0Last season: Bolton 1 Arsenal 3, Arsenal 1 Bolton 0.Bolton Wanderers (probable, 4-4-2): Jaaskelainen; Bardsley, Cahill, Knight, Robinson; Lee, Muamba, Cohen, Taylor; Klasnic, K Davies.Arsenal (probable, 4-4-2): Almunia; Sagna, Gallas, Vermaelen, Traore; Denilson, Diaby, Ramsey, Nasri; Eduardo, Arshavin.Referee: Phil Dowd. Matches: 17. R4 Y54.Arsenal have scored an impressive 53 goals in 20 games this season. Life under Owen Coyle begins for Bolton.More than 2.5 goals.
Premier League 23 January
Manchester United - HullOld TraffordKick-off: 15.00 GMTManchester United: 4-1-1Hull: 1-3-2Last season: Man Utd 4 Hull 3, Hull 0 Man Utd 1.Manchester United (probable): Kuszczak, Rafael, Brown, Ferdinand, Evra, Valencia, Carrick, Fletcher, Giggs, Rooney, Diouf.Hull (probable): Myhill, Zayatte, Gardner, McShane, Dawson, Garcia, Boateng, Kilbane, Hunt, Barmby, Fagan.Manchester United have been very strong recently and will be looking to bounce back from their defeat to Manchester City on Tuesday. If the Red Devils win this game they can climb to the Premier League summit and they should win.Manchester United to win with 0-1 handicap, More than 2.5 goals and Mame Diouf to score for United.
Confirmed starting line-ups for today's clash:
Man Utd: Van der Sar, Rafael Da Silva, Ferdinand, Jonathan Evans, Evra, Nani, Scholes, Fletcher, Park, Owen, Rooney
Subs: Kuszczak, Brown, Berbatov, Carrick, Fabio Da Silva, Valencia, Gibson
Hull: Myhill, McShane, Gardner, Zayatte, Dawson, Garcia, Barmby, Boateng, Geovanni, Hunt, Fagan
Subs: Duke, Mendy, Kilbane, Mouyokolo, Ghilas, Vennegoor of Hesselink, Cairney
Premier League 26 January
- Tuesday -
Portsmouth - West HamFratton ParkKick-off: 19.45pm Portsmouth:West Ham:Portsmouth: Begovic, Vanden, Borre, Kaboul, Wilson, Hreidarsson,Brown, Mullins, Mokoena, Boateng, Utaka, PiquionneInjuries: Diop (hamstring), Yebda, Belhadj, Kanu, Dindane (all international duty)West Ham: Green, Spector, Upson, Tomkins, Faubert, Collison, Parker, Kovac, Noble, Behrami, NoubleInjuries: Franco (leg muscle), Dyer, Ilunga, Gabbidon (hamstring), Hines, Boa Morte (knee), Davenport (leg) The Hammers are targeting their third win in a row against Portsmouth while the hosts have been terrible at home this season, only picking up nine points. I believe West Ham will continue their good trend against Pompey.West Ham to win.
Wolves - LiverpoolMolineuxKick-off: 19.45 GMTWolves:Liverpool:Wolves: Hahnemann, Foley, Craddock, Mancienne, Ward, Henry, Milijas, Jarvis, Jones, Vokes, DoyleInjuries: Edwards, Keogh, Kightly (ankle), Maierhofer (hernia), Murray (knee)Liverpool: Liverpool: Reina, Insua, Skrtel, Carragher, Degen, Mascherano, Aquilani, Lucas, Riera, GerrardInjuries: Benayoun (rib), El Zhar, Kelly (ankle), Johnson, Torres (knee)Wolves are struggling to score goals and their last goal came 310 minutes of League action ago. Steven Gerrard looks set to return for this game and will be a huge boost for Liverpool.Liverpool to win.
Bolton - BurnleyReebok StadiumKick-off: 20.00 GMTBolton:Burnley:Bolton Wanderers: Steinsson Cahill Knight Robinson ,Lee Cohen Muamba Taylor, K Davies, KlasnicInjuries: S Davis, O'Brien (both knee), Shittu (international duty)Burnley: Jensen, Jordan Duff, Carlisle, Mears, Eagles, McDonald, Alexander, Elliott, Fletcher,ThompsonInjuries: Caldwell (groin), Bikey (international duty) It has been 49 games since Burnley were last in a goalless draw, but they have only managed to pick up one point from their away games in the Premier League this season. Bolton to win with 0-1 handicap.
Tottenham - FulhamWhite Hart LaneKick-off: 19.45pmTottenham:Fulham:Tottenham: Gomes, Corluka, Dawson, Bassong, Bale, Modric, Huddlestone, Palacios Kranjcar, Defoe, KeaneInjuries: Assou-Ekotto (hip), Cudicini (wrists/pelvis), Lennon, Woodgate, Pavlyuchenko (all groin)Fulham: Schwarzer, Kallio, Hughes, Hangeland, Kelly, Duff, Baird, Murphy, Gera, Zamora, NevlandInjuries: Johnson, Dempsey, Konchesky, Pantsil (all knee), Etuhu (international duty) Fulham have struggled in away London derby League matches and have failed to win in the last 28 of them. Spurs should be favourites to win this one as well.Tottenham to win with 0-1 handicap.
Premier League 27 January
Aston Villa - ArsenalVilla ParkKick-off: 19.45 GMTAston Villa: 3-1-2Arsenal: 4-2-0- Probable teams -Aston Villa (4-4-2): Friedel; Beye, Dunne, Cuellar, L Young; Downing, Petrov, Sidwell, Milner; A Young, Agbonlahor.Injuries: Warnock (shin), Carew (knee), Reo-Coker (ankle), Bouma (ankle/foot), Salifou (ACN).Arsenal (4-3-3): Almunia; Clichy, Vermaelen, Galls, Sagna; Denilson, Ramsey, Fabregas; Walcott, Arshavin, Rosicky.Injuries: Nasri (hamstring), Merida (ankle/foot), Diaby (calf), Wilshere (hamstring), Gibbs (toe), Van Persie (ankle), Bendtner (hernia), Djourou (knee), Song, Eboue (ACN).Referee: L Probert (Wiltshire). Games: 11 R2 Y33.Arsenal have scored more goals than any of their rivals while Villa have gone three games in the League without scoring. I believe it will be close as the Gunners have not lost at Villa since 1998Less than 2.5 goals.
Chelsea - BirminghamStamford BridgeKick-off: 19.45 GMTChelsea: 3-2-1Birmingham: 3-3-0- Probable teams -Chelsea (4-4-2): Cech; A Cole, Terry, Carvalho, Ferreira; J Cole, Lampard, Ballack, Malouda; Sturridge, Anelka.Injuries: Belletti (calf), Essien (knee), Bosingwa (knee), Drogba, Mikel, Kalou (all ACN).Birmingham City (4-4-2): Hart; Ridgwell, Dann, R Johnson, Carr; McFadden, Ferguson, Bowyer, Larsson; Benítez, Jerome.Injuries: Phillips (groin), Carsley (ankle/foot), O'Connor (hip), Tainio (hip), Murphy (knee).Referee: S Bennett (Kent). Games 15 R2 Y58. Birmingham have not won by more than one goal since April, but they have been very strong in the Premier League this season and I believe it could be close.Less than 2.5 goals.
Blackburn - WiganEwood ParkKick-off: 20.00 GMTBlackburn: 1-2-3Wigan: 2-1-3- Probable teams -Blackburn Rovers (4-4-2): Robinson; Olsson, Nelsen, Givet, Chimbonda; Pedersen, Nzonzi, Dunn, Emerton; Roberts, Kalinic.Injuries: Samba (suspended), Grella (thigh).Wigan Athletic (4-4-2): Stokkovic; Figueroa, Caldwell, Bramble, Amaya; Scharner, Diame, Thomas, N'Zogbia; Rodallega, Scotland.Injuries: Kirkland (collar bone), Melchiot (nose), Kingson (ACN).Referee: L Mason (Bolton). Games 13 R4 Y34.Blackburn are undefeated at home to Wigan and I believe they can manage to beat the Latics, who are struggling away.Blackburn to win.
Everton - SunderlandGoodison ParkKick-off: 20.00 GMTEverton: 2-4-0Sunderland: 0-3-3- Probable teams -Everton (4-4-2): Howard; Baines, Heitinga, Distin, Neville; Bilyaletdinov, Fellani, Cahill, Pienaar; Saha, Donovan.Injuries: Yobo (hamstring), Hibbert (groin), Rodwell (hamstring), Gosling (hamstring), Anichebe (knee), Jagielka (knee), Yakubu (ACN).Sunedrland (4-4-2): Gordon; McCartney, Kilgallon, Da Silva, Nosworthy; Zenden, Cattermole, Cana, Henderson; Bent, Jones.Injuries: Bardsley (hamstring), Turner (knee), Ferdinand (ankle/foot).Referee: P Dowd (Staffs). Games 18 R4 Y57.Sunderland have conceded a massive 13 goals in three away games and I believe Everton can manage to win this game.Everton to win.


text:
ALLEN — After his shift ended the morning of Feb. 3, snowplow operator Johnny Meade III went home and didn't mention anything about what had happened that day.
But, as he was surprised to find out Friday, quite a few people from Floyd County to Frankfort had taken notice.
Meade, 21, of Pikeville, was treated to a surprise luncheon Friday, at the Department of Highways maintenance garage in Allen where he works, during which a host of dignitaries paid tribute to his actions that snowy morning, which many say saved one woman's life.
On Feb. 3, Meade was operating his snowplow along Route 194, nearing the end of a 12-hour shift. That's when he noticed tire tracks leading off the road and over the hillside, but he didn't see any tracks or footprints leading away from the area.
Meade stopped his truck and got out to investigate. After scaling a 14-foot embankment covered in five inches of snow, what he found was that a vehicle driven by Billy Crider Jr. had skidded off the roadway and overturned.
Crider, 49, was killed in the accident, but his wife, Danita Gayheart, was still alive and trapped inside the truck.
Meade radioed for help, then went back to wait with Gayheart until police and ambulances arrived.
Officers who worked the scene have since said Meade quite possibly saved Gayheart's life. The wrecked vehicle in which she was trapped was not visible from the roadway and the rapidly falling snow of that morning was quickly obscuring the tire tracks that served as the only evidence an accident had occurred.
On Friday, Meade was congratulated by his coworkers. Chief District Engineer Mary Westfall-Holbrook was on hand to present Meade not only with a framed letter of recognition from Transportation Secretary Mike Hancock, but also a Senate resolution sponsored by Sen. Johnny Ray Turner and Sen. Ray Jones II and a House resolution sponsored by Speaker Greg Stumbo and Rep. Leslie Combs, honor Meade for his heroism.
"Whereas … His vigilance, endurance, and bravery led the life-saving efforts heroically performed that day; now, therefore, be it resolved by the Senate of the General Assembly of the Commonwealth of Kentucky: The Senate proudly joins citizens across the entire Commonwealth in commending Johnny Meade III for his courageous service," the Senate resolution reads.
Meade was also presented with an order by Gov. Steve Beshear, naming him a Kentucky Colonel, and Judge-Executive R.D. "Doc" Marshall was on hand to name him an honorary Floyd County judge-executive.
"There was a tragedy there, but it could have been a worse tragedy had the actions Johnny took not been taken," Marshall said. "So, I applaud him and his family."
For his part, Meade downplayed his actions.
"I really don't think it's an occasion for celebration," Meade said. "Any of these guys that I work with would have done the same thing. I appreciate what everybody has done, but I know that anybody that's working beside of me would have done the same thing I did."
But Westfall-Holbrook said Meade deserved all the accolades he received.
"He could have left them, if he wanted to, but he didn't," Westfall-Holbrook said. "He stayed with that lady until state police got there and until the ambulance got there. I really admire that bravery, and that's what we're here for today, to honor that bravery.
"I told the secretary of transportation about it and I'll be honest with you, I him this as well. I have a 21-year-old son and I would be so proud of him if I knew he had done something like you'd done. To see that shows the caliber of people we have working here at the Transportation Cabinet. I am very honored to be your chief district engineer and very proud of what you did."


text:
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The League
Men juggle their personal lives with their love of fantasy football.
Mark Duplass, Steve Rannazzisi, Nick Kroll, Paul Scheer, Jon Lajoie, Katie Aselton
Jeff Schaffer (Executive Producer), Jackie Schaffer (Executive Producer), Jeff Schaffer (Writer), Jeff Schaffer (Director), Jackie Schaffer (Writer), Nathaniel Stein (Writer), Justin Hurwitz (Writer), Dan O'keefe (Writer), Mark O'keefe (Writer), Jason Mantzoukas (Writer), Seth Rogen (Writer)
We're sorry, there are no episodes of "The League" available to record on your "East Coast " lineup in the next 14 days.
A group of avid fantasy football fans tries to balance their time in the league with their real lives. It becomes a challenge, though, when the good-natured competition gives way to a win-at-all-costs mentality, which begins to spill over into their relationships and even the workplace.
Current cast
Mark Duplass as Pete
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Nick Kroll as Ruxin
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Left Bank Jacket 6 6
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Left Bank Jacket The best thing about this jacket was its weight and packability The quality of the material was not up to the usual Travel Smith standard and the fit (I tried two sizes) was not good. One size was too big through the middle and the second size tried was too small across the chest. I would not recommend this jacket. October 29, 2013
Spot on except for the fit. Too big through shoulders. Otherwise a smart choice: good length great color light weight and practical. October 10, 2013
travel jacket Bought for an upcoming trip for husband. He likes it and fits well. Of course is too hot here (Texas) to wear now so how it performs is yet to be seen. September 3, 2014
Nice coat - great color Loved the length and weight- great color Unfortunately the shoulders were too broad to fit nicely and puffed up in a funny triangular tent when my husband moved his arms so we are returning it. Lg won't fit well through the stomach so he'll keep wearing the Travel Smith jacket he got last year. October 10, 2013
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Product:74158-Left Bank Jacket


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Style #: Jadwin Dark Brown
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Color(s): Dark Brown
Price: $694.95
Sale Price: $0.00 Save 100%
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Hand Antiqued Baby Calfskin Cap Toe Double Monk Strap
Shoe Size: 100% of people said that this shoe "Felt true to size"
Shoe Width: 100% of people said that this shoe "Felt true to width"
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Crystal & Spike Chain Necklace
Style # 210886
Instantly elevate your look with this bebe spike necklace, featuring sparkling crystals set on glossy metal. Toss it over a strapless dress for an instant evening pop.
- Metal
- Imported
Rated 5 out of 5Āby 1 reviewer.
Rated 5 out of 5Āby Mandy1983 So cute! This necklace gives a little rocker edge to any outfit! Dress it up or down! March 30, 2013
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