text:
I agree with this post. This is how an informed Reformed Protestant views his faith. The radically faith alone position where one signs a dotted line and proceeds to do whatever he likes, is not the mainstream position, but a radical innovation of the last two centuries or so, and of post-Enlightenment fundamentalistic distortions of the original 16th century Calvinism and the best proponents of it to this day.Note: the same is true of Martin Luther's position as well (which is often caricatured and misunderstood by Catholics). See my paper: Martin Luther on Sanctification and the Absolute Necessity of Good Works as the Proof of Authentic Faith.
I agree that both Catholics and Calvinists have a reasonable assurance of one's own position and relationship with God. It works out pretty much the same in practice. I don't worry any more about my ultimate salvation as a Catholic, than I did as a Protestant. If anything, I feel more assurance, because I know that if I mess up (as long as it is not something extremely serious, or mortal sin) that there is purgatory to take care of that, which means I am saved.
Related papers of mine:
John Calvin Taught That Good Works Are Part of Every Christian's Life and the Inevitable Manifestation of a True Saving Faith and Justification
Biblical Evidence Regarding a Vigilant, Pauline, Catholic Moral Assurance of Faith With Perseverance, in Hope
When either a Catholic or a Calvinist is serious about being a disciple of Jesus, the practical, outward consequences will be the same: a showing forth of the love of Christ and fruits of the Holy Spirit, evident in piety, charity, and good works (and an absence of sins, at least major, ongoing ones).
I'd much rather fellowship and talk things over with a devout Calvinist than a lukewarm Catholic, any day of the week. I'd even say the former probably has a better shot at getting to heaven, all things considered.
Monday, July 20, 2009
Great Calvinist Post About Assurance of Salvation and the Extreme Fundamentalistic "Faith Alone" Position of Virtual Antinomianism
49 comments:
- Randy said...
This is a little like Mark Shea's recent comments. That Calvinists live much more Catholicly than their creeds would lead you to think. That was my experience as a Calvinist for my first 35+ years. Predestination and external security were things we believed but not really. They were truths that made sense when you saw the world from God's side. From our side it would look like free will and perseverance were key. So TULIP was something you learned in catechism but not something you lived.
- Mon Jul 20, 06:25:00 PM EDT
- Pilgrimsarbour said...
Randy said...
"Predestination and external[sic] security were things we believed but not really."
Oh, I believe them. Really. These doctrines are also something I live every day because they inform all my decisions in life.
Randy makes a good point about perspective; that is, God's and ours. I don't think in terms of being among the elect (God's purview and perspective) as much as in terms of being a disciple of Christ (the believer's perspective).
God has only revealed to us so much about Himself and His plan. Our creaturely minds should take nothing for granted. This is why Reformed folks take to heart what Peter says about making our calling and election sure, that is, sure to ourselves (2 Peter 1:3, 10). The idea is not to make oneself elect; that we cannot do. But we are to examine the fruits of our lives that we may have assurance that we are in Christ Jesus. Believers are to be known by their fruits (Mt. 7:16, 20).
Dave said...
"I'd much rather fellowship and talk things over with a devout Calvinist than a lukewarm Catholic, any day of the week. I'd even say the former probably has a better shot at getting to heaven, all things considered."
Well at least I have a shot! That's better odds than some folks give me! Thanks, Dave! And thanks for the post and the links.
- Mon Jul 20, 07:08:00 PM EDT
- Pilgrimsarbour said...
A couple more important points...
I would also add that "faith alone" in Reformed thought is shorthand for salvation by grace alone, through faith alone, in Christ alone. In this system, faith is belief as it is evidenced by good works. This is where James comes in:
22 But be doers of the word, and not hearers only, deceiving yourselves (James 1:22).
When speaking of a Fundamentalist (non-Reformed) Evangelical Protestant position, I would be inclined to call their system "belief alone," or "decision alone," as any idea of works which can be in any way connected to God's plan of salvation is abhorrent to them.
And not realising, of course, that in their system they make "belief" a work which they do meritoriously, regardless of any other works that may attend their walk with Christ.
- Mon Jul 20, 07:37:00 PM EDT
- Dave Armstrong said...
Aren't some Calvinists (hyper-Calvinists) of that extreme, unbiblical belief, too, though?
Not all fundamentalists are Arminians, by any stretch.
- Mon Jul 20, 08:46:00 PM EDT
- Dave Armstrong said...
Wasn't the Lordship salvation controversy (and I came down firmly o the side of Lordship as an evangelical in the 80s) within the ranks of Calvinists as well as between Calvinists and other Protestants?
- Mon Jul 20, 08:47:00 PM EDT
- Rene'e said...
Dave, your the subject of blog rant over at:
You must of hit a nerve or something.
- Mon Jul 20, 09:49:00 PM EDT
- Pilgrimsarbour said...
You may be right in saying that hyper-Calvinists believe they can live their lives any way they wish without eternal consequence. I don't want to go into much detail regarding them because I think I would probably not represent their views accurately. I need more study on the issue. I don't think they believe in evangelism, although I couldn't tell you how they get around the Scriptures on that. I can tell you, though, that Calvinists get their dander up when accused of being hyper-Calvinists.
If we're speaking historically of the "Fundamentalist-Modernist" controversy of the early 20th century, then this covers, more broadly, conservative Evangelical Protestants as a whole, which include Arminians and Calvinists.
The first controversy of my denomination in 1937 was over the nature of its character. A group of conservative individuals (Reformed faculty) at Princeton Seminary and elsewhere, having fought years of sweeping liberalism in the Presbyterian Church USA and elsewhere, began anew with the Orthodox Presbyterian Church. Those conservatives were both Arminians and Calvinists. It was decided that the new work would follow Reformed (Calvinistic) principles as opposed to American Evangelicalism (Arminian) principles.
Today when we refer to fundamentalists, it is Evangelical Protestantism of the Arminian character (admittedly the majority report today) that is in view. Reformed people generally don't refer to themselves as "fundamentalists" for this reason, since Reformed principles are those that are popularly known as "Calvinistic." So by these historic definitions, all fundamentalists are Arminian, at least by their official creeds.
In addition to being an issue between Calvinists and Arminians, the Lordship Salvation controversy was, to some degree, also an intra-mural problem. In popular writings, John MacArthur, apparently, needed to be corrected on some matters by others who are better informed by Reformed theology. MacArthur is a curious one; he is considered a "progressive dispensationalist," which is not exactly Reformed and not exactly Arminian, though more Reformed than not. Dispensationalism is somewhat different than Covenant theology.
Just as a kind of humourous side note:
My former Pastor (now with his Lord) once said that where prayer is concerned, all Arminians are Calvinists. He meant that when everyone is in a room praying for the salvation of someone, they drop all pretense of offical creed:
"Lord, please break through Joe's hard heart! Bring him to Yourself, Father. Remove that stony heart of his and make his heart a heart of flesh, in Jesus' Name, Amen!"
How Arminians can reconcile asking God to intervene and override the human will without seeing the irony of their request is quite astonishing.
- Mon Jul 20, 09:59:00 PM EDT
- Dave Armstrong said...
You must of hit a nerve or something.
As usual. Thanks! :-)
- Tue Jul 21, 12:54:00 AM EDT
- Dave Armstrong said...
Oh, so you are OPC? I read that book by J. Gresham Machen years ago. It had a big influence on my thinking (also , Francis Schaeffer).
I have a local friend who is in the OPC. He has come to a lot of my group discussions.
Thanks for the comment. I didn't know some of those details.
I'm curious. Some of the people I've interacted with (ha ha) are young earth creationists and also Reformed. Would you classify that as "fundamentalist" or do you think that is that a different issue altogether, that crosses theological lines?
- Tue Jul 21, 01:00:00 AM EDT
- Ken Temple said...
The Lordship Salvation controversy was mostly among Baptists and independent Evangelicals who are Baptistic and yet, emphasized, based on an experience or decision, "Once Saved, always Saved" which is a distortion (being incomplete) of "Perseverance of the Saints". John MacArthur rightly recognized the truth of the historic doctrine of the "Perseverance of the Saints"; but many American Evangelical Baptists had drifted into, (as someone has mentioned) a "decisionism" salvation or I had this experience in the past, (walking the aisle, saying the sinner's prayer, raising your hand), as if those things in themselves bring justification or salvation. They do not.
MacArthur and Reformed Baptists and Presbyterians were correct.
- Tue Jul 21, 10:40:00 AM EDT
- Michael said...
Two questions:
Is salvation predicated on a man's decision? Or is salvation something that God does, from first to last?
- Wed Jul 22, 10:29:00 AM EDT
- Pilgrimsarbour said...
Thanking Dave in advance for letting me post a very short and imperfect/incomplete explanation of the Protestant doctrine to Michael:
In a nutshell from the Reformed Protestant perspective:
Justification is a one-time declaration by God that the sinner is not guilty based on the imputation of the active and passive obedience (righteousness) of Christ to that sinner.
This righteousness is appropriated by grace through faith in Him.
God overrides the sinner's natural inclination to hate God (regeneration) in order that the sinner might become a disciple of Christ (choose/decide to follow Him). This is monergistic (God's work).
Sanctification (growing in grace and becoming more Christ-like in thought and behaviour) is synergistic; that is, we cooperate with the Spirit in that growth process.
Glorification of the believer's mind, body and soul will occur when Christ returns at the consummation of history to call His church home to heaven to be with Him forever.
So salvation belongs to the Lord on our behalf from first to last, but the subset of sanctification involves our deep cooperation our whole life long. Any decision we may have made to follow Him was prompted by His giving us a heart of flesh that we may do so.
- Wed Jul 22, 11:55:00 AM EDT
- Dave Armstrong said...
Is salvation predicated on a man's decision? Or is salvation something that God does, from first to last?
Salvation is entirely caused, enabled, brought about by God's grace alone. This is Catholic teaching. We also teach that a person has to cooperate with this salvation and accept it. It's not irresistible grace; it is grace that can be refused. But salvation itself comes entirely through God's grace.
- Wed Jul 22, 03:43:00 PM EDT
- Dave Armstrong said...
We also don't separate sanctification from justification, as Protestants do. They are organically connected, because we believe in infused justification, which means the sinner is actually, literally transformed and can grow in sanctity by God's grace. This is not formally separated from justification and salvation, as in Protestantism.
- Wed Jul 22, 03:46:00 PM EDT
- Ben M said...
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- Wed Jul 22, 08:33:00 PM EDT
- Ben M said...
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- Wed Jul 22, 08:36:00 PM EDT
- Michael said...
I see. So the consensus among the theology of Rome is that "salvation is entirely caused, enabled, brought about by God's grace alone."
My response to this teaching is this: If it is God who saves sinners, then who might arise and declare unjust what the Lord of Glory has made anew? If it is God who regenerates (1Pet 1:3), if it is God who justifies (Rom 5:1), and if it is the Lord Jesus Christ who keeps His people and decrees that no one (not even one's self) can snatch them out of His hand (John 10:28) then who dares usurp the CLEAR teaching of scripture regarding the perseverence of God's people? This doctrine of Rome that supposes one might loose their salvation by some greivous sin or other action is ad hock and divorced from the text of scripture. In fact, the concept of the loss of one's salvation after regeneration undermines the effectiveness of the Lord Jesus Christ's atonement.
Any and all who profess The Name should immediatley repent of such nonsense and rest in the assurance of what has been done on Calvary alone.
- Thu Jul 23, 06:59:00 AM EDT
- Ken Temple said...
Sanctification is not completely separated from justification in Protestant thought.
Sanctification and glorification are the results of being justified by Christ alone, by grace alone, through faith alone in Christ. But true faith is not mere mental assent ( James 2:19) nor mere profession ( Matthew 7:21-23) but true faith does not stay alone, it results in good works and fruit and change.
They are distinguished so as to understand the event of justification vs. the process of sanctification and growth, but they are not separated.
- Thu Jul 23, 09:29:00 AM EDT
- Dave Armstrong said...
As to the possibility of falling away from faith and justification and salvation:
1 Samuel 11:6; 18:12 And the spirit of God came mightily upon Saul when he heard these words, . . . Saul was afraid of David, because the LORD was with him but had departed from Saul.
Ezekiel 18:24 But when a righteous man turns away from his righteousness and commits iniquity and does the same abominable things that the wicked man does, shall he live? None of the righteous deeds which he has done shall be remembered; for the treachery of which he is guilty and the sin he has committed, he shall die.
Ezekiel 33:12-15,18-19 And you, son of man, say to your people, The righteousness of the righteous shall not deliver him when he transgresses; and as for the wickedness of the wicked, he shall not fall by it when he turns from his wickedness; and the righteous shall not be able to live by his righteousness when he sins. Though I say to the righteous that he shall surely live, yet if he trusts in his righteousness and commits iniquity, none of his righteous deeds shall be remembered; but in the iniquity that he has committed he shall die. Again, though I say to the wicked, `You shall surely die,' yet if he turns from his sin and does what is lawful and right, if the wicked restores the pledge, gives back what he has taken by robbery, and walks in the statutes of life, committing no iniquity; he shall surely live, he shall not die. . . . When the righteous turns from his righteousness, and commits iniquity, he shall die for it. And when the wicked turns from his wickedness, and does what is lawful and right, he shall live by it.
Matthew 7:21 Not every one who says to me, "Lord, Lord," shall enter the kingdom of heaven, but he who does the will of my Father who is in heaven.
Matthew 13:19-21 When any one hears the word of the kingdom and does not understand it, the evil one comes and snatches away what is sown in his heart; this is what was sown along the path.
As for what was sown on rocky ground, this is he who hears the word and immediately receives it with joy; yet he has no root in himself, but endures for a while, and when tribulation or persecution arises on account of the word, immediately he falls away.
Matthew 24:10-13 And then many will fall away, and betray one another, and hate one another. And many false prophets will arise and lead many astray. And because wickedness is multiplied, most men's love will grow cold. But he who endures to the end will be saved. (cf. 10:22; Mk 13:13)
Mark 4:5-6,14-19 Other seed fell on rocky ground, where it had not much soil, and immediately it sprang up, since it had no depth of soil; and when the sun rose it was scorched, and since it had no root it withered away. . . . The sower sows the word. And these are the ones along the path, where the word is sown; when they hear, Satan immediately comes and takes away the word which is sown in them. And these in like manner are the ones sown upon rocky ground, who, when they hear the word, immediately receive it with joy; and they have no root in themselves, but endure for a while; then, when tribulation or persecution arises on account of the word, immediately they fall away. And others are the ones sown among thorns; they are those who hear the word, but the cares of the world, and the delight in riches, and the desire for other things, enter in and choke the word, and it proves unfruitful.
- Thu Jul 23, 11:15:00 AM EDT
- Dave Armstrong said...
Luke 8:5-14 "A sower went out to sow his seed; and as he sowed, some fell along the path, and was trodden under foot, and the birds of the air devoured it. And some fell on the rock; and as it grew up, it withered away, because it had no moisture. And some fell among thorns; and the thorns grew with it and choked it. And some fell into good soil and grew, and yielded a hundredfold." As he said this, he called out, "He who has ears to hear, let him hear." And when his disciples asked him what this parable meant, he said, "To you it has been given to know the secrets of the kingdom of God; but for others they are in parables, so that seeing they may not see, and hearing they may not understand. Now the parable is this: The seed is the word of God.
The ones along the path are those who have heard; then the devil comes and takes away the word from their hearts, that they may not believe and be saved. And the ones on the rock are those who, when they hear the word, receive it with joy; but these have no root, they believe for a while and in time of temptation fall away. And as for what fell among the thorns, they are those who hear, but as they go on their way they are choked by the cares and riches and pleasures of life, and their fruit does not mature."
1 Corinthians 9:27 but I pommel my body and subdue it, lest after preaching to others I myself should be disqualified.
1 Corinthians 10:12 Therefore let any one who thinks that he stands take heed lest he fall.
Galatians 4:8-9 Formerly, when you did not know God, you were in bondage to beings that by nature are no gods; but now that you have come to know God, or rather to be known by God, how can you turn back again to the weak and beggarly elemental spirits, whose slaves you want to be once more?
Galatians 5:1,4 . . . stand fast therefore, and do not submit again to a yoke of slavery . . . You are severed from Christ, you who would be justified by the law; you have fallen away from grace.
Philippians 3:11-14 that if possible I may attain the resurrection from the dead. Not that I have already obtained this or am already perfect; but I press on to make it my own, because Christ Jesus has made me his own. Brethren, I do not consider that I have made it my own . . . I press on toward the goal for the prize of the upward call of God in Christ Jesus.
Colossians 1:21-23 And you, who once were estranged and hostile in mind, doing evil deeds, he has now reconciled in his body of flesh by his death, in order to present you holy and blameless and irreproachable before him, provided that you continue in the faith, stable and steadfast, not shifting from the hope of the gospel which you heard, . . .
1 Timothy 4:1 Now the Spirit expressly says that in later times some will depart from the faith by giving heed to deceitful spirits and doctrines of demons.
1 Timothy 5:15 For some have already strayed after Satan.
2 Timothy 2:12 if we endure, we shall also reign with him;
if we deny him, he also will deny us;
Hebrews 4:14 . . . let us hold fast our confession.
Hebrews 3:12-14 Take care, brethren, lest there be in any of you an evil, unbelieving heart, leading you to fall away from the living God. But exhort one another every day . . . that none of you may be hardened by the deceitfulness of sin. For we share in Christ, if only we hold our first confidence firm to the end.
- Thu Jul 23, 11:16:00 AM EDT
- Dave Armstrong said...
Hebrews 6:4-6 For it is impossible to restore again to repentance those who have once been enlightened, who have tasted the heavenly gift, and have become partakers of the Holy Spirit, and have tasted the goodness of the word of God, and the powers of the age to come, if they then commit apostasy . . .
Hebrews 6:15 . . . Abraham, having patiently endured, obtained the promise.
Hebrews 10:26,29 For if we sin deliberately after receiving the knowledge of the truth, there no longer remains a sacrifice for sins, . . . How much worse punishment do you think will be deserved by the man who has spurned the Son of God, and profaned the blood of the covenant by which he was sanctified, and outraged the Spirit of grace?
Hebrews 10:36,38-39 For you have need of endurance, so that you may do the will of God and receive what is promised. . . . but my righteous one shall live by faith, and if he shrinks back, my soul has no pleasure in him." But we are not of those who shrink back and are destroyed, but of those who have faith and keep their souls.
Hebrews 12:15 See to it that no one fail to obtain the grace of God; that no "root of bitterness" spring up and cause trouble, and by it the many become defiled;
James 1:25 But he who looks into the perfect law, the law of liberty, and perseveres, being no hearer that forgets but a doer that acts, he shall be blessed in his doing.
2 Peter 1:10 Therefore, brethren, be the more zealous to confirm your call and election, for if you do this you will never fall;
2 Peter 2:15,20-21 Forsaking the right way they have gone astray; they have followed the way of Balaam, . . . For if, after they have escaped the defilements of the world through the knowledge of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ, they are again entangled in them and overpowered, the last state has become worse for them than the first. For it would have been better for them never to have known the way of righteousness than after knowing it to turn back from the holy commandment delivered to them.
Revelation 2:3-5 I know you are enduring patiently and bearing up for my name's sake, and you have not grown weary. But I have this against you, that you have abandoned the love you had at first. Remember then from what you have fallen, repent and do the works you did at first. If not, I will come to you and remove your lampstand from its place, unless you repent.
Revelation 2:10-11 Be faithful unto death, and I will give you the crown of life. He who has an ear, let him hear what the Spirit says to the churches. He who conquers shall not be hurt by the second death.
Revelation 2:25-26 only hold fast what you have, until I come.
He who conquers and who keeps my works until the end, I will give him power over the nations,
Revelation 3:3 Remember then what you received and heard; keep that, and repent. If you will not awake, I will come like a thief, and you will not know at what hour I will come upon you.
Revelation 3:5 He who conquers shall be clad thus in white garments, and I will not blot his name out of the book of life; I will confess his name before my Father and before his angels. (cf. "blot" motif: Ex 17:14; 23:23; 32:32-33; Deut 9:14; 25:19; 29:20; 2 Ki 14:27; Ps 9:5; 69:28)
Revelation 3:11 I am coming soon; hold fast what you have, so that no one may seize your crown.
- Thu Jul 23, 11:19:00 AM EDT
- Dave Armstrong said...
And of course, what we know from Scripture about how God judges us in the end is completely in accord with justification and sanctification being intertwined and organically related, and opposed to the strictness and separationism of sola fide:
Final Judgment in Scripture is Always Associated With Works And Never With Faith Alone (50 Passages)
Also, Paul's constant teaching shows how they cannot be separated:
St. Paul's Teaching on the Organic Relationship of Grace / Faith and Works / Action / Obedience (Collection of 50 Pauline Passages)
You reformed folks will be in big trouble if we delve into Scripture too deeply. All kinds of difficulties for your position arise. :-)
- Thu Jul 23, 11:32:00 AM EDT
- Michael said...
Oh my. What a tangled web we weave. And by "we" I mean you Mr. Armstrong.
Regarding the texts you provided from the OT:
Your use of the OT is absolutley ludicrous, and it is a departure from the Christian interpretation of the texts of the Old Covenant. You see, the author of Hebrews has made this clear, and yet you have failed to see that. The Old Covenant was a shadow of what was to come. It was not a sufficient covenant to provide atonement for sin, and therefore apostasy was indeed a possibility because the Old Covenant was insufficient to begin with. This New Covenant is sealed with the guarantee of the perfect work of Christ Himself: Heb 7:22-8:13. The New Covenant is better simply because it is monergistic in it's inception and theocentric in it's effectiveness, unlike the Old Covenant.
And also, your citing of Saul's loss of the Spirit was a loss of his special annointing as king. For the Spirit had not yet been at work as in the New Covenant.
Regarding the texts you have provided from the NT:
Warnings do not undermine the Gospel of grace. As we are told to ensure our calling and election, we are also told that it is God who elects and effects salvation. We do not know who the elect are, and therefore we, as the means by which God uses to carry His message and His conviction through the church and individually (in conjuction with the Holy Spirit) it is only appropriate that an all loving God would warn and chasten when neccessary. If a man who is under the false impression that he has saving faith in the Lord Jesus, but yet does not have the fruit that such faith produces, it is only expected that our Lord might warn such an individual. After all, it is God's perfect will (that is not His permissive will) that all should repent.
A couple of texts for you to chew on as you consider the theocentric nature of salvation, which I believe you affirmed in part:
Rom 5:9-11,6:1-14,11:29, and Phil 1:6,
Surley you have heard Dr. White's debate on this topic. Perhaps his more polished presentation would suit your understanding better. I am also sure that the decimation inflicted to this doctrine of Rome by Dr. White will humble you sufficiently and will make you think twice before saying things like this: "You reformed folks will be in big trouble if we delve into Scripture too deeply. All kinds of difficulties for your position arise. :-)"
- Thu Jul 23, 01:06:00 PM EDT
- Ken Temple said...
Dave wrote:
You reformed folks will be in big trouble if we delve into Scripture too deeply. All kinds of difficulties for your position arise. :-)
So, it seems you have not studied deeply enough to know the Reformed answers to all those verses you put up. That is why "Perseverance of the Saints" is deeper and more Biblical than the modern American Evangelical revivalism of "once saved, always saved". ("I walked the aisle when I was 10"; "I said the sinner's prayer at a Billy Graham "crusade", "I got baptized", etc.-- these things in themselves do not convert/save people.
On "not every one who says to Me, Lord, Lord, will enter the kingdom of heaven . . . " Matthew 7:21-23 -- it is not those who say "Lord, Lord", but those who are truly submitted to Jesus as Lord, and as a result of real justifying faith, grow and submit, sometimes sin; but repent and are restored and keep growing and keep abiding. ( I John 1:5-10)
Same for James 2:14-26, the difference is those that "say" that they have faith, but have no works that give no evidence for their faith. There is no contradiction between any of the passages you cited and the Reformed view of Justification and Sanctification. Some of them are on the surface, harder to understand and harmonize than others, but there is a way to exegete them properly and they don't contradict the Reformed view.
- Thu Jul 23, 01:15:00 PM EDT
- Pilgrimsarbour said...
Hey Dave,
Don't you ever post anything, you know, short? You're killing me here! ;-)
I'd love to post responses but I'm a bit overwhelmed by the volume of material presented and under time constraints, of course. I think what I'll do is take one thing at a time, make a few brief comments on it, then move on to the next point. In any case, I doubt I'll be able to respond to everything, and certainly not all at once.
Quoting Scripture you said...
1 Samuel 11:6; 18:12 And the spirit of God came mightily upon Saul when he heard these words, . . . Saul was afraid of David, because the LORD was with him but had departed from Saul.
I gather from what you are saying the following premise: anytime we see the Spirit of God coming upon someone we should understand this to mean that that person is among the elect, or "saved." And if the Spirit should remove Himself, this indicates that a saved or elect person can lose his salvation.
I would argue that not every intervention in the lives of individuals (or whole peoples) by the Spirit of God means that they were regenerated by Him, that is, chosen, elect or saved, even those whom He has appointed to positions of authority within the Church (see my previous comments on Judas).
A good example of this in the Old Testament is to be found in Genesis 20. Abraham tells Abimelech that Sarah is his sister instead of his wife, so Abimelech takes Sarah as his wife. When Abimelech finds out about Abraham's treachery, he has a discussion with the Lord Himself:
5 Did he not himself say to me, 'She is my sister'? And she herself said, 'He is my brother.' In the integrity of my heart and the innocence of my hands I have done this." 6 Then God said to him in the dream, "Yes, I know that you have done this in the integrity of your heart, and it was I who kept you from sinning against me. Therefore I did not let you touch her. 7 Now then, return the man's wife, for he is a prophet, so that he will pray for you, and you shall live. But if you do not return her, know that you shall surely die, you and all who are yours" (Genesis 20: 5-7 ESV, emphasis mine).
This is a good OT example of the Holy Spirit of God intervening in a non-elect gentile's heart and life to spare both His people and His non-people from His judgement. The Spirit essentially overrode Abimelech's will in order that God's purposes would be obtained. Of course, the Spirit can remove His restraint on the sinner for God's purposes as he did with Pharoah in Exodus 9:12. This verse says that God actively hardened Pharoah's heart. I think that no one would make the case that either Abimelech or Pharoah were among those who would be saved. For one thing they were outside the covenant, and for another, their fruits or lack thereof do not give us confidence to view them as saved persons.
Interestingly, this is also a good verse to illustrate to some who would object to the idea of original sin. Adam is seen as the federal head of the human race. God does treat kings as a federal head of his people, and holds those people responsible for their king's behaviour. In this verse not only Abimelech was in danger but all his subjects as well. Thankfully, everyone was spared.
- Thu Jul 23, 03:39:00 PM EDT
- Ben M said...
- This comment has been removed by the author.
- Thu Jul 23, 04:46:00 PM EDT
- Pilgrimsarbour said...
I admit at first blush that these quotes are troubling, based on what I think the Scriptures teach on these matters. However, I would need to see them in their context for clarification before I comment further.
I would say, though, my decision to be a Protestant is because of my reading of the Scriptures. It's not because I follow some flawed man or another; such as Luther, Calvin or anyone else. As it is, I find a number of things with which I would disagree with both Luther and Calvin. That does not change my admiration for their keen minds and evident love for their Lord Christ.
If by posting such things the goal is to encourage me to renounce Protestantism, I should recommend sticking to theological arguments based upon sound Scriptural teaching.
- Thu Jul 23, 06:17:00 PM EDT
- Michael said...
Was Luther saved? Did he believe the gospel? And by that I mean the real gospel and not the corrupt gospel of Rome? Of Course.
There is a large gap between essential Christian doctrine and secondary Christian doctrine. Luther was a great man, but even a great man is a man at best. When you consider the entirety of a man's life, it is easy to point out his sin and folly. However, to understand a man's life and his circumstance is another thing entirely. By the way, is not Luther granted the same courtesy as we espouse ourselves in retrospect? Or shall we be the first to cast stones at a dead brother? I find it quite convenient for Catholics to criticize the lives of the reformers in light of mid-evil Catholicism, and the many corrupt popes who smeared the name of Christ with their abominations.
And Luther was not the greatest preacher since Paul, no I would argue for either Calvin, Edwards, or Spurgeon.
- Thu Jul 23, 07:36:00 PM EDT
- Pilgrimsarbour said...
If we're speaking of the greatest pastoral and practical preacher, I'm partial to Spurgeon, myself.
- Thu Jul 23, 09:38:00 PM EDT
- Pilgrimsarbour said...
By the way, Dave, I've been wondering...am I a great Calvinist, or is it my post that's great? And if I'm great, how come I don't get a nifty blog post picture to go with your post?
(Maybe I should be careful what I wish for...)
- Thu Jul 23, 09:52:00 PM EDT
- Ben M said...
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- Fri Jul 24, 03:18:00 AM EDT
- Ben M said...
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- Fri Jul 24, 03:22:00 AM EDT
- Ben M said...
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- Fri Jul 24, 03:41:00 AM EDT
- Michael said...
I will not argue for the morality of a man that I do not know. I will however say that Luther, although he did propogate certian bad doctrines, none of them were damning. Since when does a sinner need to attain perfection to speak truth? Your attempt at arguing for a holy Rome during the 16th century is a joke. What then prompted the RC reformation? Was it not corruption? And this corruption continues today in the Roman church, in just the same way that it continues everywhere else because of sin. Ben, you clearly missed the point of my last post. Perhaps you should remove your rosary colored eye glasses and refrain from equating a man's down falls with his message.
The bottom line is this: what gospel does the scripture teach? Luther's or Rome's? There is no argument to be made. In fact Rome must resort to their inconsistent traditions to support their false gospel.
Mr. Armstrong,
You gave me a bit of a laugh today as I was scrolling past your response to my previous comment. You cited Matt 7:21 as a proof text for you position. How funny. And I don't mean to be insulting, but can't you see the self refutation in your arguments? Tell me Mr. Armstrong, what does the Lord Jesus say to those false converts? I NEVER knew you. And might I also point out these people tried to justify themselves by an acknowledgment of Jesus as Lord and by the quanity and brevity of their works. . . Sometimes you have to wonder.
- Fri Jul 24, 07:37:00 AM EDT
- Dave Armstrong said...
The bottom line is this: what gospel does the scripture teach?
The Foolishness of the Commonly Heard Charge That Catholics Supposedly Never Hear the "Gospel" or "About Jesus" at Mass
The Gospel, as Preached by the First Christians
Good News: An Evangelical / Catholic Presentation of the Gospel Message
What is the Gospel?
- Fri Jul 24, 01:14:00 PM EDT
- Ben M said...
- This comment has been removed by the author.
- Fri Jul 24, 01:51:00 PM EDT
- Michael said...
"Well, what exactly is your definition of the "gospel?" "
This is a question I am bound by Him to answer.
The gospel can be seen here:
In short, to be saved, one must acknowledge their sin before their Holy God. They must repent of their sin and confess before Him. Then they must place their faith and trust in not what they have done or can do, but what the Lord Jesus Christ has already done.
Repentance and trust in the Lord Jesus Christ is the requirement for salvation.
- Fri Jul 24, 07:34:00 PM EDT
- Ben M said...
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- Mon Jul 27, 07:38:00 PM EDT
- Ben M said...
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- Mon Jul 27, 07:43:00 PM EDT
- Michael said...
"Heresy and schism are sins also! ;)"
Need you say things like this? Really. These comments wreak of pride.
"How often?"
Repentence is not an event, as you assume. But instead it is situational; it is a way of living. The scripture describes it in terms of a position or a relational dynamic with God. 2Pet 3:9, Heb 6:6,2Tim 2:25
That is not to say that it is also an act. We must repent daily, but also live a life in keeping with repentence. Acts 26:20
"Christ never spoke this way of salvation when preaching the Gospel;"
My response to this is John 6:28-29, and Hebrews 11:6. Faith in the Son and His work are the basis by which men are saved.
Regarding faith and works...
Both James and Paul contend that real saving faith PRODUCES works. This real faith is faith that saves by virtue of God's grace. If I were you, I would not debate this point. Your position is inarguable and irreconcilable with the text of scripture.
- Tue Jul 28, 07:50:00 AM EDT
- Ben M said...
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- Wed Jul 29, 01:28:00 PM EDT
- Ben M said...
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- Wed Jul 29, 01:35:00 PM EDT
- Michael said...
"On the contrary, neither James nor Paul contends any such thing! Rather, Christians have to be instructed in the faith, have to be catechized. They have to be taught (and taught continuously) very explicitly what the are, and are not to do. Otherwise, how will their uninstructed faith produce any works? Fact is, it won't! No, my friend, you are very much mistaken here."
This is interesting indeed. I think you have contradicted yourself into a corner:
2 Timothy 3:16-17 All Scripture is breathed out by God and profitable for teaching, for reproof, for correction, and for training in righteousness, that the man of God may be competent, equipped for every good work.
The entire tenor of this passage concludes that it is through personal study of the scriptures that Timothy will increase in wisdom and knowledge for the Christian life. You see, it is through the narrative accounts and the didactic passages of scripture, in addition to the other accounts, that one is instructed. People recieve faith by hearing the word and they are catechized by hearing and studying the word. This is why we place a pulpit in front of our church; to put forth the word of God as the pinnacle of our worship. Paul is emphasising perseverance in personal scriptural study, not submission to church dogma or church dictation in this text.
"The basis by which men are saved is the INCARNATION!"
The basis of the salvation of men is the person and work of Jesus Christ alone. Not simply His incarnation. Men have sinned by nature and by choice and they need to be atoned for. The atonement did not occur, although immenant, until the cross.
2 Timothy 1:8-10 Therefore do not be ashamed of the testimony about our Lord, nor of me his prisoner, but share in suffering for the gospel by the power of God, who saved us and called us to a holy calling, not because of our works but because of his own purpose and grace, which he gave us in Christ Jesus before the ages began, and which now has been manifested through the appearing of our Savior Christ Jesus, who abolished death and brought life and immortality to light through the gospel,
"For it is the by the Incarnation that men's works are made meritorious, and thereby (through grace) transformed into sons of God and made partakers of the divine nature, and thus saved."
This is so twisted and man centered. Isogesis in it's full strength. The text of scripture knows nothing of this heresy.
Romans 11:6 But if it is by grace, it is no longer on the basis of works; otherwise grace would no longer be grace.
Galations 2:16 yet we know that a person is not justified by works of the law but through faith in Jesus Christ, so we also have believed in Christ Jesus, in order to be justified by faith in Christ and not by works of the law, because by works of the law no one will be justified
Romans 3:21-25 But now the righteousness of God has been manifested apart from the law, although the Law and the Prophets bear witness to it— the righteousness of God through faith in Jesus Christ for all who believe. For there is no distinction: for all have sinned and fall short of the glory of God, and are justified by his grace as a gift, through the redemption that is in Christ Jesus, whom God put forward as a propitiation by his blood, to be received by faith.
Ephesians 2:8-10 For by grace you have been saved through faith. And this is not your own doing; it is the gift of God, not a result of works, so that no one may boast. For we are his workmanship, created in Christ Jesus for good works, which God prepared beforehand, that we should walk in them.
Notice here Paul speaks of a salvation by faith that produces works; not the other way around.
Please explain this text:
Ephesians 1:11 In him we have obtained an inheritance, having been predestined according to the purpose of him who works all things according to the counsel of his will,
- Fri Jul 31, 12:48:00 PM EDT
- Dave Armstrong said...
Isogesis in it's full strength.
FYI, the word is eisegesis. Since you are clearly a master of the technique, you ought to at least know how to spell it correctly.
- Fri Jul 31, 01:16:00 PM EDT
- Michael said...
Mr. Armstrong,
Why did you not respond to my clear refutation of your man centered eisegesis? Perhaps you were too busy? That couldn't be it, being that you weren't to busy to correct my spelling error. What was it then? The sharpness of the scripture you twist? Or perhaps the reference to Dr. White?
What about your clearly bogus use of Matt 7:21? You remember, the text that concludes with I NEVER knew you...
- Fri Jul 31, 02:18:00 PM EDT
- Dave Armstrong said...
The reason I don't is because I no longer bother trying to engage in theological debate with anti-Catholics (those who believe that Catholicism is not a Christian system of theology). It's a complete waste of time.
- Fri Jul 31, 04:54:00 PM EDT
- Ben M said...
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- Sat Aug 01, 05:43:00 PM EDT
- Ben M said...
- This comment has been removed by the author.
- Sat Aug 01, 06:32:00 PM EDT
- Ben M said...
Please explain this text:
Ephesians 1:11 In him we have obtained an inheritance, having been predestined according to the purpose of him who works all things according to the counsel of his will.
Would like that fallibly or infallibly? ;)
But really, wouldn't you just reject my personal interpretation? Yet, who's interpretation will you accept? Calvin's? Luther?
You see, it's hopeless. Luther, for example, discovered this in his quarrels with those who denied the Real Presence of Christ in the Eucharist (though not in the sense of Transubstantiation).
Listen to what he says:
"For as soon as Christ says: 'This is my body,' his body is present through the Word and the power of the Holy Spirit. If the Word is not there, it si mere bread; but as soon as the words are added they bring with them that of which they speak. Moreover, we believe that Christ, according to his human nature, is put over all creatures [Eph. 1:22] and fill all things, as Paul says in Eph. 4 [:10]. Not only according to his divine nature, but also according to his human nature, he is lord of all things, has all things in his hand and is present everywhere.
"If I am to follow the fanatics who say that this is not fitting, then I must deny Christ. We read of Stephen in Acts 7 [:56] that he said: "I see the heavens opened, and Jesus standing at the right hand of the Father." How does he see Christ? He need not raise his eyes on high. Christ is around us and in us in all places. Those people understand nothing of this….
"They speculate thus, that he must ascend and descend from ht heavens through the air, and that he lets himself be drawn down into the bread when we eat his body. Such thoughts come from no other source than from foolish reason and the flesh. We must understand that it is not the words which we speak that draw him down. They have been given to us rather to assure us, that we may know we shall certainly find him.
"Although he is present in all creatures, and I might find him in stone, in fire, in water, or even in a rope, for he certainly is there, yet he does not wish that I seek him there apart form the Word, and cast myself into the fire or the water or hang myself on the rope. He is present everywhere, but he does not wish that you grope for him everywhere.
"Grope rather where the Word is, and there you will lay hold of him in the right way. Otherwise you tempting God and committing idolatry. For this reason he has set down for us a definite way to show us how and where to hind him, namely the Word.
"Those people, who say that it is unreasonable for Christ to be present in the bread and wine, do not know or see this at all, because they also do not understand what Christ's kingdom is, and the sitting at the right hand of God. If Christ were not with me in dungeon, torture, and death, where would I be? He is present here through the Word, although not in the same way as here in the sacrament.
"If we believe the one, it is easy also to grasp and believe the other. Heaven and earth are his sack; as wheat fills the sack, so he fills all things. And as a seed bears a stalk, an ear, and brings forth a tree which bears many blossoms, leaves, inner and outer bark, and cherries; or again, as my voice reaches so many ears; much more is Christ able to distribute himself whole and undivided into so many particles.
"Now because the fanatics do not see this, they come up with their man-made opinion to the effect that God is thereby performing some kind of hocus-pocus."
The Sacrament of the Body and Blood of Christ –Against the Fanatics, 1526.
Luther's Works, vol. 36: Word and Sacrament II, Abdel Ross Wentz, ed., Fortress Press, Philadelphia, ISBN 0800603362, pp. 341-343.
Now, how does your private interpretation square with that of Luther's here?
- Sat Aug 01, 06:43:00 PM EDT


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Reggae legends Toots & the Maytals are coming to Redmond! It took a while, but I tracked down Frederick "Toots" Hibbert and talked to him about the key to his longevity.
"The good music makes me stay on the road," he said. "People need me so they request me to come, so I have to be on the road. I love what I do, (and I) still like to tour to make sure my audience is happy. They love me very much and I love them very much."
Their love is rooted, first and foremost, in a handful of hit Toots & the Maytals records from the late 1960s and early 1970s, including "54-46 Was My Number," "Bam Bam," "Pressure Drop," "Monkey Man" and "Funky Kingston."
The band's early hits are durable classics of the genre, reflective of a time when reggae was a bit grittier and funkier than it tends to be these days.
The Maytals' music remains popular because it's "clean" and "positive," Hibbert said.
"If you're negative," he said, "you won't last long."
It's not often Bend gets a performance by an artist as influential as Toots, so you should click here and read what else he had to say.
I also want to highlight my story on Ashland-based indie-folk trio Kites & Crows, who are playing a free show at McMenamins on Wednesday. I really think this is talented up-and-coming band with great songs, so click here to read all about 'em.
Elsewhere in this week's music section, we've got Ween's return to Les Schwab Amphitheater, Tracorum kicking off Munch & Music, Sunriver's Rhythm on the Range festival, Lauren Shera at Silver Moon, a trio of country songwriters at Maragas Winery and Third Seven's last show before tour, plus Sagebrush Rock, Boxcar String Band, Chris Beland and Last Band Standing.
Enjoy the long weekend and gorgeous weather, folks! Have fun and be safe.


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Behind the soul and spirit of a place, there is always the influence of a personality. A Relais& Châteaux often turns out to be the passion of a lifetime; a love story always, a family storysometimes. A story of passionate women and men, capable of fulfilling their creative visionand their desire for excellence. With an equally wonderful story of a family that goes backseven generations, Hennessy Cognac joins us in the award of the Passion Trophy to thosesometimes unsung but always admirable heroes.
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COMSOL is pleased to Welcome Amphos 21 as a Certified Consultant, First in Spain and South America
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HDMI- and VGA-out adapters coming for Lightning port
Yesterday's iPhone 5 announcement brought a flurry of news, including the new reduced-size, reduced-pins, reduced-orientation-dependence Lightning connector. Lightning replaces the previous unbranded 30-pin connector, but in the process of losing a bunch of pins (down to 8), the port also lost a lot of possible functionality. At least out of the gate, that is.
Despite the lack of information on Apple's website, Apple has confirmed to The Verge that the all-digital Lightning connector will eventually regain HDMI-out and VGA-out thanks to new adapters, though they won't be available until "the coming months", which as any webOS user can tell you can be an interminably long time. Apple's Lightning-to-30-pin adapter doesn't support video out, only working to transfer power, USB data, and analog and USB audio.
With eight pins, the Lightning connector's options are fewer. Power takes two pins, USB takes two more pins, and analog audio takes at least two pins as well. But there's something that we've speculated about since the first leaking of the smaller port, and that's software switching. While the power pins on Lightning are likely hardwired, it's not hard to imagine that the other six pins are of the switchable type and can adapt to whatever's plugged into them to provide the appropriate signal (which would require additional authentication chips in the receiving device). Why not put this in the regular 'ole 30-pin adapter? Two problems: it'd be complicated and thus more expensive, and the current 30-pin connector is pretty dumb as far as communication is concerned, so the adapter wouldn't necessarily know what to tell the Lightning port on the matter of how to configure its software-switchable pins.
HDMI and VGA adapters are coming for the iPhone 5 and its Lightning connector. You won't have to rely on AirPlay, an Apple TV, and a wireless network if you don't want to. Eventually.
Source: The Verge
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Reader comments
HDMI- and VGA-out adapters coming for Lightning port
Thanks, Derek, that's good news!
BTW: It's been good to see you posting here, lately! I switched from webOS when the 4S came to Sprint last year, and I sure miss you guys over at webOS Nation...not to mention the unsurpassed UI of webOS phones! But, alas, the iPhone is King, no doubt about it.
It depends I guess, will it give enough power or not.
Hope it won't acts like MHL which need another power source.
I am a bit disappointed in this connector design. I had been hoping that Apple would make this iteration a magsafe connector, similar to the macbooks. There is probably some good technical reason not to do it that way, but it would be WAY more convenient and less likely to get snapped off.
I was thinking the same thing (snapped off), though the connector does look kind of thick relative to it's size... hopefully it is somewhat tough. I'd certainly rather have the 'cable' like adapters (like shown in this article's pic) rather than the huge 'card-like' adapters. (The one Apple has been showing the most looks like an accident waiting to happen!)
You know what I find? Apple will come out with some new thing, like this 8 pin plug, leaving everyone wondering about one thing or other. Usually contemplating worst case scenarios. People will then panic, and with good reason because from what I've noticed, Apple, once they've had their keynote, goes into hiding until the next keynote. No explanation. No one to answer questions. And good luck getting any help on their website. Because another issue I've noticed is that it's almost impossible to get a hold of an actual person. And when ever I have a question, it's never one of the "frequently asked questions". Never! Come on Apple, you're supposed to be better than this.


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Cain Velasquez glad he didn
A lot has been said about the toughness former UFC heavyweight champ Junior dos Santos displayed in his title-loss to Cain Velasquez at UFC 155. Cigano was hurt early and often in the bout, finding the inner strength to hold on and weather the relentless pounding of Velasquez throughout the 25-minute tilt.
Though Velasquez doesnt deny Dos Santos did an excellent job at surviving, it turns out the newly named divisional king is actually happy he didnt put his foe away early on in the main event match-up.
As for whats next, Velasquez pointed to the winner of an upcoming clash between Alistair Overeem-Antonio Silva, also stating he would be heading back to the gym right away to work on improving even if he looked like an unbeatable force in his most recent rumble.Im kind of glad (I) didnt get that knockout in the first round cause then (people) would have been like, Oh, well Cain knocked him out in the first round HE caught HIM. At least we got to do the whole five rounds where I won every round, admitted Velasquez in an interview with Middle Easy, adding he initially thought the referee was going to step in and stop things.
For a split second I did, explained Velasquez. There just wasnt enough power in those punches on the ground so I was like, Ah, hes gonna recover. Thats fine. Ill just soften him up.
Guys are gonna get better over time. The sport is so new still, people are still evolving so (Ive) gotta keep evolving, said the 11-1 Velasquez.


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Iv been booked in for induction 7:30 Monday morning due to pre eclampsia and my lab work starting to change. I'll be 36 weeks exactly I'm really scared, iv had steroids at 32 weeks, will my baby be ok? Anyone else been induced at 36 was it a long process? Do all babies need special care when born early?
Any advice or stories good or bad would be really appreciated.


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7 Tricked-Out Bike Projects to Inspire the Cyclist in You
7 Awesome bike-centric projects:
Amazing Record-Playing Bicycle Blasts Music as You Pedal
Yves Behar Unveils 'Local Bike' Utility Cycle With a Cargo Container
Silverback Builds Urban Bikes with USB Chargers for Your Gadgets
INTERVIEW: We Talk to Bicycle Library Founder Karta Healy
Innovative RoundTail Bike Frame Cuts Vibrations 50-Fold
Oracle Beater: Bike-Powered Paper Mill Turns Invasive Plants Into Paper in Ghana
Soft-Ride WOW Bike Designed by Ron Arad Has Steel Tires
Amazing Record-Playing Bicycle Blasts Music as You Pedal
Several Dutch designers got together to create a few "feats per second" (a play on the word fiets, which means bicycle). The team outfitted a 30 year old Alpina bike with turntables and a battery-powered amplifier so that the bike pumps out tunes while the user pedals down the street. A little bit of music will get even the most uninspired biker back on the road.
Yves Behar Unveils 'Local Bike' Utility Cycle With a Cargo Container
We've never seen an Yves Behar project we didn't like, and "Local Bike" is definitely no exception. This striking cargo bike effortlessly combines utility and style while performing in a variety of terrains. The beige platform in front has tall walls and guard rails so that nothing will fall out – a major improvement on old-fashioned basket bikes.
Silverback Builds Urban Bikes with USB Chargers for Your Gadgets
If you were thinking about staying home a little while longer while your favorite gadget charges up, now there's no reason to do it thanks to Silverback's amazing Starke bikes. These urban bikes have a USB gadget port that connects to a hub on the wheel, harvesting the energy created while pedaling. And even when there are no gadgets plugged in, the same system charges your bicycle's lights!
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November 29, 2011 at 9:18 am
Here's another bike project, with bamboo:
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The mission of the University of New Hampshire's College of Life Sciences and Agriculture is: (1) to meet the educational needs of a diverse student population; (2) to discover new knowledge about the life sciences, natural resources, and their management, agriculture, and ecological systems; and (3) to assist people in applying this knowledge to current and future needs.
The College's educational, research, and outreach efforts address the following areas: understanding biological systems, managing and conserving natural resources, improving agricultural profitability and sustainability, enhancing health and nutrition, and fostering economic development.
Welcome to the COLSA1.UNH.EDU web server!
This server is one of several machines operated by the college in support of it's mission. If you came to this link by a search engine, please follow the main link below to the college home pages (do not bookmark this site). If you found your way here from another UNH web page link, please email the administator of this server (below) and we'll fix that link! Thank you and have a good day!
Questions? Comments? Send e-mail to the COLSA1 administrator.
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Linguistik-Klassifikation: Grammatikforschung / Grammar research
Year of publication
- 1999 (3) (remove)
Document Type
- Working Paper (2)
- Article (1)
- Grammatik (2)
- Informationsstruktur (1)
- Principles of event framing : genetic stability in grammar and discourse (1999)
- Ever since Wilhelm von Humboldt's (1836) pioneering study of Nahuatl, linguists have recurrently recognized that languages differ fundamentally in the syntactic weight they attribute to noun-phrases as the arguments of a verb. Currently, the most prominent attempts to turn this intuition into a precise hypothesis revolve around the notion of 'configurationality'.
- Grammatical relations, agreement, and genetic stability (1999)
- Languages vary in whether or not primary grammatical relations (PGRs) are sensitive to information from clause-level case or phrase structures. This variation correlates with a difference between verb agreement systems based on feature unification and systems based on feature composition. The choice between different PGR and agreement principles is found to be highly stable genetically and to characterize Indo-European as systematically different from Sino-Tibetan. Although the choice is partially similar to the Configurationality Parameter, it is shown that Indo-European languages of South Asia are nonconfigurational due to areal pressure but follow their European relatives in PGR and agreement principles.
- Preverbal negative markers in Buli (1999)
- This article deals with some aspects of negation in Buli, a Gur language spoken by the Bulsa people in Northern Ghana.


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Notre Dame first began playing organized football in 1887. In 1918, the Irish hired legendary head coach Knute Rockne. Rockne would lead Notre Dame to 6 national titles and 5 undefeated seasons. Frank Leahy, Ara Parseghian, and Lou Holtz have also coached the Fighting Irish to national championships, a total of 11. Notre Dame is one of only 5 schools with more than 800 wins. An Irish game is a treat for any fan of college football history. Score with TicketCity - the place to go for Notre Dame Fighting Irish football tickets.
The Fighting Irish followed up a 2012 campaign where they reached the national championship, with a disappointing 9-4 season. Notre Dame also lost some significant talent to the NFL draft, including star offensive linemen Zack Martin and Chris Watt. But the story of the 2014 season in South Bend will be all about the return of Everett Golson. Golson led the Irish to the national championship as a freshmen, but it is unclear how the talented sophomore will respond from his season in exile. If he is the same player that he was in 2012, the offense looks primed to be one of the more dangerous attacks in the country, with a veteran unit of running backs and wide receivers to disperse the ball to. The defense is more of a question as the squad comes into the season with 5 sophomores starting. It is likely that 3 games will determine how far Notre Dame will rise this season. The final game of the Michigan-Notre Dame rivalry will be the biggest story of the early season, but the keys to the season will be Stanford, at Florida State, and at USC. If the Irish can win 2 of those 3 games, they will probably have a shot to make the college football playoff. If they win all 3? It will be hard to vote against them.
Check out our Notre Dame Fighting Irish Season Preview History page for previews of previous Fighting Irish seasons.
The Notre Dame Fighting Irish play their home games at Notre Dame Stadium in Notre Dame, Indiana, just north of South Bend. The stadium seats nearly 81,000 and with no modern scoreboards or JumboTrons, the stadium provides fans with a classic football experience which goes nicely with Notre Dame's rich tradition. Attend a game and you can see the landmarks of the Irish campus from the stands. The famous "Touchdown Jesus" mural on the school's library behind one end zone is particularly famous. The Notre Dame Fighting Irish home bench is on the Notre Dame Stadium sideline with sections 23-32. Notre Dame Stadium parking information is covered in our Fighting Irish event guide.
USC Trojans, Michigan Wolverines
No rivalry has more national titles and All-Americans between the two teams than this one, so it's easy to see why the date of this game should be circled every year. Never in the same conference and thousands of miles away from each other, this rivalry exists simply because it's the best of the best. Go to this game if you want to see the best college football has to offer.
The Fighting Irish's oldest rivalry, first played in 1887, is one between two of the best teams in the country. The rivalry is about to go cold soon with Notre Dame's semi-move to the ACC, so get your fill of Wolverine-Irish football while you can.
Hardly an amateur when it comes to Title Games, the Notre Dame Fighting Irish have only played in one BCS National Championship Game. The Irish don't belong to a specific league so they aren't decorated with conference titles, but they have made 30 plus bowl appearances, winning close to half of them.
The most obvious one is the 23.9 karat gold helmet that all Notre Dame players wear. The Irish have real gold particles in the paint. Notre Dame also has the most famous sign in sports, their "Play Like a Champion Today" sign is hung above the steps leading to the field. The players each touch the sign on their way on to the field.
TicketCity offers a big selection of Notre Dame football tickets which include some of the lowest priced seats on the market. Notre Dame tickets fluctuate based on demand and opponent. Marquee opponents, like USC, Purdue and Navy, can drive up home game prices. While cheap tickets are more plentiful for unranked, non-conference opponents. Those early season games may offer best opportunity to purchase Notre Dame tickets near face value.
Check Houlihans Restaurant & Bar which is a fan favorite. Fiddler's Hearth will give you a taste of Irish food & drinks. LaSalle Grill is the best spot for fine dining in South Bend.
The Fighting Irish 2015-2016 football schedule is listed as soon as it is announced by the University. Notre Dame plays as an FBS Independent, with historic rivalries against USC, Stanford, Navy and Michigan. Game times are announced by Notre Dame as soon as the TV schedule is set. Notre Dame's home opener is typically one of the most popular games. They also battle USC for the Jeweled Shillelagh Trophy. If you are looking for Fighting Irish news or scores, then visit our partners at CBS Sports. They are also a good source for the official Notre Dame Fighting Irish team roster.
Few programs can boast the history that Notre Dame can, so it is only natural that the list of prominent Irish alumnus is as big as a phone book. Starting with George Gipp, Knute Rockne and Johnny Lujack. The list has to include such Notre Dame greats as Frank Leahy, Ara Parseghian, Paul Hornung, Joe Montana, Joe Theismann, Nick Buoniconti, Tim Brown and Jerome Bettis.
Notre Dame Fighting Irish season tickets are available to buy until kickoff of their home opener. Check our listings above or call us if you would like to purchase Notre Dame football season tickets. Let us know if you want a particular section at Notre Dame Stadium.
Thanks for keeping us on our toes! We will get you an answer as soon as we can, in the meantime enjoy $15 off your next $150 order by clicking here.
Masters practice round badges were delivered on time and tournament badge pick up was easy. Perfect!Bradley - Montgomery, AL


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Apple updates Time Capsule, AirPort routers to fix AirPlay bugs
Apple released firmware updates for both the AirPort Wi-Fi router and Time Capsule router + hard drive combo today to version 7.5.2, in part to fix AirPlay bugs that prevented some users from properly streaming content from their iPhone, iPod touch, or iPad to their Apple TV.
- General fixes to Wi-Fi base station stability
- General fixes with USB interoperability including connection to external storage devices
- Fixes some issues with NAT port mapping settings
- Disables TKIP security with 802.11n rates per the Wi-Fi Alliance specifications
Apple also updated the Airport Utility for both Mac and Windows to version 5.5.2.
- Resolves an issue that caused the DHCP settings tab to display incorrectly
- Resolves an issue that caused the application to quit unexpectedly when automatically launched
- Resolves an issue that prevented the network password from being stored in the Keychain when the network on the 5GHz band was named differently
Were you having any issues with AirPlay? If so, does the update correct them?
Have something to say about this story? Leave a comment! Need help with something else? Ask in our forums!
Reader comments
Apple updates Time Capsule, AirPort routers to fix AirPlay bugs
Just updated my Capsule and my Express. AirPlay is working fine from my iPhone and my Mac. Hasn't tried yet with Dad's PC, that usually the one with the most problems.
The time capsule hooked to my PC just constantly pisses me off. I try to transfer large files, even over Ethernet cable hard wired from the time capsule to pc and it transfers at 2-300k sometimes I can restore all settings and reset it, unplug it and plug it back in etc to get it to transfer at 4-8mb. But usually it's not worth it. When I format, I wanna move 50-75gb over so I can wipe. But I find that taking 24+ hours to transfer. Unless I can play with the settings and get it to transfer in 45 to an hour. And whatever causes the slowness always comes back and I have to play with it again. It's such a pain. And wifi it about 10 times slower over N then my G linksys router is.


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I developed HELLP with my daughter in June 2009. I haven't even seen most of my lab work (anything that was done in the hospital, triage or admitted) but I'm pretty sure I was still class 3 when I started having liver pain and was rushed into surgery to deliver my daughter. I was diagnosed with PIH at 27 weeks, with Pre-e at 29 weeks (and admitted to the hospital), and my daughter was born on June 19 at 29w4d weighing 3lbs 7.5oz. She spent 5 1/2 weeks in the NICU and came home a healthy little girl and has barely even had a cold since. I recovered almost immediately and was off my BP meds in 3 weeks. I haven't even seen a doctor since my pp visit at 7 weeks. I know we are both very very lucky.
So now I have new health insurance and have a new family doctor. I saw him once many years ago but none of it had to do with pre-e or hellp. I want to discuss these with my doctor but not sure where to start. I plan to have another child within the next 2 or so years and want to get prepared for that. I also just want to start figuring out what long-term health issues might come up because of all of this. I know a lot of that is still being researched but I would love any advice or input you all have. Thank you!


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First off - don't double post, use Edit Post to add on to your previous post if it's less than 24 hours.
DM Booter hasn't been updated since Summer 2012. It no longer is current. The three loaders in my signature are the only ones I know of that will launch it. If it's not launching, then the rip is likely bad and you should re-rip it.


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Get Virtue's advanced eye technology for your Fusion. Customize your gun with an easy-to-install upgrade that adds enhanced technology, improves reliability and increases the battery life of your gun.
Virtue Laser Eye emitter draws less power than the stock eyes resulting in up to 50+% less power being used by the eyes.
Virtue laser eyes are a complete replacement for the stock eyes. Virtue lasers eyes use enhanced dual spectrum technology to scan both the infrared and visible light spectrums, taking ball detection technology to the next level. Plus, with Virtue laser eyes, you can instantly confirm whether or not your breakbeam eyes are functioning.
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All photography and text on this site is the original work of Punishers Paintball Supply and manufacturers.
Contents may not be used for any commercial or non-commercial purpose without prior written consent from www.punisherspb.com.
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Tuesday, March 26, 2013
I just finished reading an article describing a horrendous fire in Myrtle Beach, where more than 100 condominium homes were destroyed in minutes. Comments included "flames burned in the rafters" and ""the way buildings are constructed these days, they burn hot and fast."
As I reread these statements, especially the last one, all I can say is, "Huh?"
I do not know how these buildings were constructed, but all I could see, when reading this story, was the very large multi-story apartment buildings being constructed on Coleman Boulevard in Mount Pleasant, standing there as a monumental tribute to what 100 percent wood can actually be used for.
Please tell me that there are firewalls in the attic space and please tell me that there are sprinklers in the apartment units. Please do not tell me that smoke alarms are the answer; they are too little and too late.
The idea that the Horry County Fire Chief can say that this recent "hot and fast" fire in Myrtle Beach is because of "the way buildings are constructed these days" is upsetting, and a shameful indictment on the South Carolina building codes.
Everyone who has watched these apartment buildings being built and looks at these very large buildings, wholly made of wood up to several stories high, always has the same question: What if there is a fire?
Well Mount Pleasant and Beach Company: What if there is a fire?
Seymour Rosenthal
Mount Pleasant
Picture this: It's summer. It's hot, and your children are home from school. They want to go outside. They want to play with their friends and they want to go to the swimming pool. Because you live in 2013, they can and they do. But it hasn't always been that way. Some folks can remember summers in the late 1940s. It was hot and kids had just as much energy, if not more. But you wouldn't dream of letting them go swimming, or even out of the house, because there was a highly contagious disease going around out there that could cause paralysis and even death. It was called polio.
The healthy world that our kids grow up in today is made possible, in part, by the March of Dimes. Created in 1938 by President Franklin Roosevelt, who had polio himself, the March of Dimes funded research for the vaccines developed by Jonas Salk and Albert Sabin that would effectively end the polio epidemic in the United States, setting countless parents' minds at ease. There hasn't been a single new case of polio here in more than three decades.
For the March of Dimes, the polio vaccine was only the beginning of its work to help make kids and babies healthier. Flash forward with me now to the 1960s: You're expecting your first child when you develop a fever, swollen lymph nodes and a strange rash. You have rubella, commonly known as German measles. This isn't terribly surprising, as epidemics take place every six to nine years, but because you're pregnant, if you pass the disease to your unborn child, she could be born with severe birth defects.
In 1969, Dr. Virginia Apgar and the March of Dimes led a rubella immunization program, with the goal of eradicating congenital rubella syndrome.
Today, the U.S. can boast that it hasn't had a case of congenital rubella syndrome in 30 years.
The 1960s also bring a new president. John F. Kennedy is an inspiration to a generation. But there is a sadness in the Kennedy family. A baby son, born too soon and weighing only five pounds, dies from breathing problems. The world is left to wonder to this day what might have been if Patrick Bouvier Kennedy had lived.
Death was a tragic but common outcome of preterm births before the 1970s, when the March of Dimes called for a regionalized system of neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) to care for very sick babies all across the U.S. The breathing problems that claimed the Kennedy's son remained a challenge until the 1980s, when March of Dimes grantee T. Allen Merritt of the University of California San Diego Medical Center developed "surfactant therapy" to help the immature lungs of babies born too small or too soon. This treatment is now used in hospitals every day, and has saved the lives of tens of thousands of babies.
Advancements continued, and in 1993 March of Dimes launched the National Folic Acid Campaign to raise awareness of the importance of this B-vitamin in preventing serious birth defects of the brain and spine known as neural tube defects (NTDs), and to increase the number of childbearing-age women who consume a daily multivitamin with folic acid as part of a healthy diet.
The foundation also lobbied the U.S. Food and Drug Administration to add folic acid to the grain food supply, which was mandated in 1998. NTDs have declined by about one-third since food fortification.
Will all these accomplishments, it's no exaggeration to say that the March of Dimes touches the life of every baby in some way.
As the organization enters its 75th year in 2013, funds are being allocated to research new treatments to prevent or halt preterm labor. And in communities across the country, more women are getting essential services and education to have the healthiest possible pregnancy.
Why the history lesson today? Because as parents in 2013, we're lucky. Our children will likely be healthier than any other from previous generations.
And while most of the country is familiar with the name March of Dimes, few know the full scope of what this remarkable, uniquely American institution organization has done and is doing to create a healthier future for our children and our grandchildren.
Just look how far they have come.
I hope you will support the March of Dimes this year by making a donation or participating in March for Babies in honor of their 75th birthday. To find out more, please contact 843-571-1776 or email firstname.lastname@example.com or visit www.marchforbabies.org
Oliver H. Mathewes
Board Chairman, March of Dimes
I was disturbed and disgusted to learn that our veterans had to wait for two years to receive their benefits. The VA is not being managed properly and the director should be fired for incompetence. Fix the problem, now.
Our volunteer veterans didn't wait two years to serve our country. They answered the call. Please call your congressmen and senators and demand action on this important issue. Also, let the president know that he needs to act to solve the problem.
Phil Siegrist
Mount Pleasant
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Shows how to create an area bubble infographic, or graphic representation of data.
Shows how to depict complex relationships in an easy-to-understand infographic, or graphic representation of data.
Covers the first steps in creating infographics, graphic representations of data—organizing sample data and preparing a wireframe.
"Your website has become a verb. I had a client tell me today that they were lynda.comming their way through learning new software. You've joined the ranks of Googling, Photoshopping, and Skyping!" —Jill W.
more from our members »


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Welcome to the new website of our International Society for Mountain Medicine
The ISMM was founded in 1985 by the medical commission of the Union Internationale des Associations d'Alpinisme. These doctors, involved in mountain rescue in the Swiss and French Alps, took the initiative of exchanging experiences and joining together in the teaching and research of all aspects of mountain medicine.
The society's goals are "to create an international organization of scientific character ... and to encourage research, studies, discussion and publications concerning all medical aspects of mountains, mountain people and mountaineers."
We hope you will enjoy your visit on our new website and are looking forward to your feedback.
Buddha Basnyat | President of the ISMM
Announcement: Leh Symposium 2014: 'Ventilation and Circulation in Hypoxia: from mechanisms to patients and back' is scheduled for September 19-23, 2014 at Leh, Ladakh, Jammu & Kashmir India.
Are you interested in Mountain Medicine and want to get free access to our journal High Altitude Medicine and Biology and special discount to our meetings then join us today!


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I am 38 weeks pregnant with my 4th child. My first was a normal healthy pregnancy and delivery, my second I had a miscarriage and my third I had an emergency C-section and my daughter was not breathing when she came out, thankfully they resuscitated her and she has never had any health problems. At my doctor's appointment this week I complained of some random vomiting I have all of a sudden been experiencing. This caused my doctor to have me get a blood test and urine test done. My blood test came back fine but they told me that I had protein in my urine that was borderline. Starting in the morning I have to do the 24hr urine test and go in for an appointment the following day. When I asked what protein in my urine meant the nurse wouldn't answer and just said I need more testing. Preeclampsia is the only thing I have been able to find that matches my symptoms. Reading what that could mean has made me a bit nervous. I was wondering if anyone could enlighten me a bit more about the subject and maybe tell me what "borderline" means?
Thank you


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Green Wall
Customers Also Bought
Green Wall Creates Dramatic Living Art
- Grow a mini-garden on any wall, indoors or out
- Plant with sedums to create hanging wall art or grow herbs on your kitchen wall
- May also be used as a tabletop planter
- Choice of two colors
An easy and striking way to grow a garden on any wall, inside or outdoors! Decorate your living room wall with a pretty mosaic of sedum plants, or grow basil and dill on a kitchen wall. Outdoors, install the Green Wall planter near your front door or on your garden shed and fill it with a combination of compact seasonal annuals for a unique splash of color. The planter has nine individual planting pockets that are perfect for growing herbs, greens, sedum and other compact plants. A convenient, built-in watering system lets you add water via a port in the top — there's no need to remove the planter from the wall to water. Display in multiples for an even more dramatic display. Also suitable for use on a tabletop.
- High-density polyethylene (HDPE); polypropylene fabric
- Dark Gray is recycled HDPE; White is virgin HDPE
- 15-1/2" square x 3-1/2" H
- Planting pockets are 4-1/2" L x 4" W
- May be watered with up to one liter of water (about every 7 days indoors)
- Hanging hardware not included
- Planting mix not included; we recommend our Container Mix
- Note: When filled with Container Mix and plants, and fully watered, the Green Wall weighs approximately 25 pounds
REVIEW SNAPSHOT®by PowerReviews
Best Uses
- Was this a gift?:
- No (4)
Reviewed by 5 customers
Sort by
- Feature
- Watering System Is A Nice
- I Would Like A Few More C
- Olor Choices
Best Uses
- Start Flat Allow Root H
- System To Establish
Makes a unique wedding gift.
- Was this a gift?:
- Yes
- Be Very Aware That It Is
- Dirt And Then Planted
- Dowm And Water Outside
- Dry Going Uo On The Wall
- It Needs To Be Flat Until
- It Needs To Be On A Flat
- Otherwise It Will Rot The
- Outside Be Careful
- Plants Have Rooted In
- Surface To Be Filled W
- Top Insidebetter To Take
- Wall Worse Inside Then
- Watering This Thing From
- Can Run Over And Driping
- Onto Floor Inside Its A
- problem
- When Water From Top
Best Uses
- Designs Out There
- There Are Much Better
they are great for outdoors....inside only for a visit...then out again.
it takes 8-12 weeks for plants to grow into the space, leave it flat during this time gives a better outcome.
- Was this a gift?:
- No
- Easy to use
- Looks great on table
- Not 'run Of The Mill'
Best Uses
- Have One For Cacti
- Have One For Fresh Herbs
Love this 'planter'!
- Was this a gift?:
- No
- Watering Hole At The Top
Best Uses
I did a lot of research and liked this one best. The watering hole is very helpful. It also has felt to help keep the soil in place. There is still a little soil that fell out as it settled a bit, but not much. There is a template to help get the screws in the right spot, which was also a helpful tool. We added a piece of moulding at the bottom to take the weight off of the 2 screws, but I think it would have been fine with just the 2 screws.
- Was this a gift?:
- No
- I Love The Wall Now That
Best Uses
- I Bought 9 Different Succ
It was a bit tricky to plant ( I did two at the same time) but very satisfying when done. I haven't hung them yet,as they are getting acclimated before they get hung up. One will be a gift for my daughter and the other is for myself. I will need help in hanging it properly, as it's heavy, but it'll be very pretty when hung!
- Was this a gift?:
- No
There are no special shipping restrictions or charges associated with this item. For detailed information about our delivery methods and charges, click here.
We're proud of the fact that this item is shipped to you directly from our warehouse in Vermont, by one of our 250 employee-owners. In-stock items are packed with care and shipped within the next business day to ensure prompt delivery to your home and garden!


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Google Calendar added a directory of public calendars, structured in 8 categories: popular, TV shows, sports, events, entertainment, miscellaneous, holidays, and Google-related. The directory contains calendars from the web indexed by Google and public calendars created with Google Calendar.
Before subscribing to a calendar you can preview its events in a big overlayed box that can't be closed unless you have a big monitor (tip: if you can't see the OK button at the bottom of the box, press Enter).
In a surprising move, Google made searching the public calendars the default option, so if you want to restrict your search to the events from your calendars, you have to click on "Search my calendars". The option to search for public events is now available as a barely-visible link in the new gallery. Instead of complicating the interface, Google Calendar should have a single search results page that shows the events from your calendars, then other related events from public calendars.
The fact that Google Calendar complicates itself unnecessarily is obvious if you look at how many options are available to add a new calendar: you can add a public calendar, or the calendar of one of your contacts, you can enter the URL or just upload it. And each option has a different place in the interface.
All in all, searching for public calendars is not too important, so it didn't deserve so much focus (it's like a new search engine that returns web sites, not web pages). The option to search for public events should be available even if you don't use Google Calendar, maybe as a OneBox in Google's main search results.
{ via Google Blogoscoped }
Introducing the Search Analytics API
57 minutes ago