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A sustained-release matrix for dental application includes either an anti-microbial agent or a colorant that is released from the matrix when the matrix contacts water. The preferred matrices include a water-soluble polymer and a water-insoluble support resin.
1. A color-changing matrix comprising two joined layers being co-extruded or co-injection molded and comprising an outer layer comprising a water-soluble polymer and a first colorant, and an inner layer comprising a water-insoluble polymer and a second colorant different from said first colorant.
2. The color-changing matrix of claim 1 wherein the water-soluble polymer comprises polyethylene oxide.
3. The color-changing matrix of claim 1 or 2 wherein the outer layer also includes a water-insoluble polymer.
4. The color-changing matrix of claim 3 wherein the water-insoluble polymer is selected from the group consisting of polystyrene, polyurethane, ethylene vinyl acetate, polyethylene, styrene/rubber and ethylene/propylene.
5. The color-changing matrix of claim 1 wherein the outer layer is adapted to dissolve away through repeated contact with water.
6. The color-changing matrix of claim 4 wherein the outer layer is adapted to dissolve away through repeated contact with water.
7. The color-changing matrix of claim 1 wherein the outer layer additionally comprises an antimicrobial agent.
8. A color-changing matrix comprising two joined layers, an outer layer comprising a water-soluble polymer, a water-insoluble polymer, an antimicrobial agent and a first colorant, and an inner layer comprising a water-insoluble polymer, a water-soluble polymer and a second colorant different from said first colorant, wherein said matrix is adapted to change color corresponding to depletion of said antimicrobial agent.
9. The color-changing matrix of claim 8 wherein the water-soluble polymer comprises polyethylene oxide.
10. The color-changing matrix of claim 9 wherein the water-insoluble polymer is selected from the group consisting of polystyrene, polyurethane, ethylene vinyl acetate, polyethylene, styrene/rubber and ethylene/propylene.
11. The color-changing matrix of claim 8 or 10 wherein said two joined layers are coextruded.
12. The color-changing matrix of claim 8 or 10 wherein the outer layer is adapted to dissolve away through repeated contact with water.
13. A method of indicating wear comprising providing a color-changing matrix according to claim 1, or 8, and repeatedly contacting said matrix with water to cause said matrix to change color.
This application is a continuation of Ser. No. 08/262,961 Jun. 21, 1994 now U.S. Pat. No. 5,851,551 which is a Div of Ser. No. 07/898,471 Jun. 15, 1992 U.S. Pat. No. 5,340,581 which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. Ser. No. 07/749,137, filed Aug. 23, 1991, now abandon.
The invention relates to sustained-release matrices.
Most humans suffer from tooth decay and/or periodontal disease caused by bacteria in the mouth. As a result, decreasing the number of bacteria in the mouth has long been the target of persons working in the health care field. The most common way of minimizing the number of bacteria is to brush and floss the teeth regularly, and to visit a dental hygienist to have the teeth and gums cleaned thoroughly. Another prior approach is oral rinsing, including with a solution containing a known anti-microbial agent like chlorhexidine digluconate.
After a toothbrush has been used, there are a large number of bacteria clinging to the bristles, even after the brush has been rinsed. This, of course, is undesirable, and these bacteria typically will multiply on the bristles between uses. To counter this problem, self-sterilizing toothbrushes have been described in the prior art. One such self-sterilizing toothbrush is described by White et al., U.S. Pat. No. 2,216,333, and includes a combination of a water soluble salt (e.g., sodium carbonate) with an anti-microbial agent (e.g., sulfur). The two are fused to a solid hard body and attached to the head of the toothbrush at the base of the bristles. When exposed to water the sodium carbonate dissolves, forming an alkaline solution that in turn dissolves some sulfur, which kills bacteria.
Toothbrushes wear out with extended use. Breuer et al., U.S. Pat. No. 4,802,255, describe a toothbrush that includes filaments that release a dye, and thus change color, in response to increased use of the filament. The change in color provides a means for monitoring the degree of wear of the toothbrush.
Kent, U.S. Pat. No, 5,061,106, describes including capsules or microspheres in the tuft holes in which the bristles of a toothbrush are mounted. The capsules or microspheres include a disinfectant or medicant that is released during use. A dye may also be included in the structures. The dye also is released over time to enable the user to become aware of when the contents of the capsules are depleted.
The invention features sustained-release matrices that are particularly suited for use with toothbrushes. The matrices can include an anti-microbial agent that is released over time when the matrices are exposed to water. The matrices may also include a colorant and a water-leachable substance that is released over time when the matrices are exposed to water to cause the matrix to change color.
In one aspect the invention features an oral brush that includes a sustained-release matrix made from a support resin, a water-soluble substance (preferably a water-soluble polymer), and an anti-microbial agent. When the matrix contacts water, the water-soluble substance dissolves, causing the release of the anti-microbial agent.
An oral brush, as used herein, is any brush that includes a handle and a head attached to a brush designed for insertion into the mouth. The brush portion preferably is made from the common bristles found in toothbrushes, but can also be designed for massaging the gums rather than the teeth. For example, Kaminski et al., U.S. Ser. No. 07/724,129, which was filed on Jul. 1, 1991, is assigned to the same assignee as the present application and is hereby incorporated by reference, describes an interdental foam brush in which the brush portion is made of a soft polyurethane foam.
A support resin, as used herein, is an essentially water-insoluble polymer that provides structural integrity to the matrix as the other components of the matrix--the water-soluble polymer and anti-microbial agent--dissolve or leach out. A further description of what constitutes a support resin is included in the Other Embodiments section. Preferably, the polymer used as the support resin should have a low processing temperature (less than 130� C.) so that it can be readily combined with anti-microbial agents that are unstable at high temperature. Also, the polymer should not become brittle as the other components dissolve or leach out, so that the matrix does not break apart readily when handled.
Preferred polymers for the support resin include polystyrene, polyurethane, ethylene vinyl acetate, polyethylene, styrene/rubber, and ethylene/propylene. The more preferred support resin is an ethylene vinyl acetate polymer. Most preferably the ethylene vinyl acetate polymer includes between 5% and 50% vinyl acetate, and has a softening point of between 100� C. and 35� C., respectively.
A water-soluble substance, as used herein, is a substance that is sufficiently soluble in water that it will dissolve out of the matrix during contact with water to form channels in the matrix through which the anti-microbial agent will leach into the water. A further description of what constitutes a water-soluble substance is provided in the Other Embodiments section.
The preferred water-soluble substances are polymers. The preferred polymers are starches, polyvinyl alcohols, polyethylene oxides, hydroxyalkyl starches, hydroxyethyl and hydroxypropyl celluloses, and gelatins. The most preferred are polyethylene oxides, most preferably a Polyox having a molecular weight of between 100,000 and 5,000,000.
An anti-microbial agent is a substance that kills bacteria. The preferred anti-microbial agent for use in the matrix is chlorhexidine, most preferably the digluconate salt thereof; the hydrochloride and diacetate salts of chlorhexidine can also be used. Other anti-microbial agents that can be included in the matrix include tetracycline (and other antibiotics), and domiphen bromide.
Preferably, the matrix is a flat template having a thickness of up to 4 mm and is attached to the head of the body at the base of the bristles. The preferred templates have a surface area of at least 0.01 in2, more preferably at least about 0.1 in2. Most preferably, the template has the same surface area as the toothbrush head (minus the bristles). In this position the template is exposed to water when the brush is rinsed and to saliva when it is inserted into the mouth, and can supply the anti-microbial agent to the bristles for self-sterilization and to the mouth to kill bacteria. The matrix can also be attached to any other part of the brush (e.g., the back of the brush head or at the junction of the brush head and handle), provided that the part of the brush it is attached to is sufficiently close to the head end that it typically is inserted into the mouth during use.
In other preferred embodiments, the matrix includes two layers, joined together. By "two layers", it is meant that one section of the template has a different composition than a second section. The first outer layer includes a support resin or a water-soluble polymer, and an anti-microbial agent; the second inner layer includes the support resin. Significantly, the first layer can include a large quantity of anti-microbial agent because the layer includes less (or none) of the support resin, yet the layer is stable because the co-extruded second layer provides the necessary support. The second layer may also include, optionally, some water-soluble polymer and/or anti-microbial agent.
The invention features, in another aspect, an oral brush that includes a template including a water-soluble polymer and an anti-microbial agent.
The invention features, in another aspect, a matrix including ethylene vinyl acetate, polyethylene oxide, and an anti-microbial agent such as chlorhexidine. The matrix can be sized, shaped, and otherwise designed for short or long term placement at some point in the mouth. The matrix can also be designed as a template for inclusion on a toothbrush, or can be used to coat dental floss, or other dental instrument(s).
The matrices of the invention provide a controlled release of an anti-microbial agent into the mouth. When included on a toothbrush, the matrix repeatedly supplies controlled dosages of the agent to kill bacteria in the mouth and on the bristles of the brush. The matrices are easy to manufacture, and their composition, shape and thickness can be adjusted to provide the best properties for the intended use. For example, the amount and type of polyethylene oxide in the preferred embodiment can be modified so that the viscosity of the released polymer in solution is less than the viscosity of the saliva in the mouth.
Another aspect of the invention features a wear-indicator oral brush that includes a matrix containing a colorant (e.g., a dye) and a water-leachable substance that is released from the matrix when the oral brush is used to cause the matrix to change color after repeated (at least 5) typical uses. The preferred matrix is a template that includes two co-extruded or co-molded layers. The outer layer, which contacts water and saliva during brushing, preferably includes the water-leachable substance, which can be, for example, a water-soluble polymer like polyethylene oxide, or the colorant itself, or a combination of the two. The second, inner, layer preferably includes a support resin, and can also include a colorant (e.g, TiO2) that provides the template with a different color, or shade of color, than the colorant included in the outer layer. The first layer preferably also includes a support resin, although less than the amount included in the second layer, and also can include an anti-microbial agent.
The oral brushes having a matrix including a colorant, i.e., pigment or dye, provide a means to monitor the degree of wear of the brush. Where the water-leachable substance includes the colorant, over time as the brush is used the colorant is released, causing the matrix to change color. In those embodiments in which the colorant is not water-leachable and thus is not released from the matrix, typically the portion of the template including a water-leachable substance dissolves away through repeated use of the brush to expose the section of the matrix that includes the colorant, providing an indication of wear. The amounts and types of colorant in the matrix can be adjusted so that the color of the matrix changes after the number of uses through which a typical brush should be used. When the colored matrix also includes an anti-microbial agent, the change of colorant can be designed to correspond with the depletion of the agent in the matrix.
Other features and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the description of the preferred embodiment thereof, and from the claims.
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of the preferred toothbrush.
FIGS. 2a-2e provide perspective views of some alternative two-layer templates. FIG. 2f is a cross-sectional view of the template of FIG. 2e, taken along line A--A. In these figures the holes through which the bristles would be inserted are not shown.
Referring to FIG. 1 a toothbrush 10 includes a plastic body having a handle 12 and a head 14 attached to a bristle portion 16. Also attached to the head at the base of the bristles is template 20, a sustained-release matrix.
The body of the toothbrush is formed by conventional methods well-known in the art. The handle is shaped to be grasped by a hand, but alternatively can be shaped to fit into an electric toothbrush. The configuration of the head can vary and may be oval, convex curved, flat trim, or serrated V, or any other desired configuration. The shape and size of handle 12 and head 14 can vary and the axes of the handle and head may be on the same or a different plane. The bristle portion is formed of tufts of individual filaments attached to the head in manners known to the art. Preferred filaments are those formed of polyamide and polyester. The filaments preferably have substantially uniform longitudinal lengths of between 0.3 and 6 cm, and substantially uniform cross-sectional dimensions between about 110 to about 350 microns.
There are three types of preferred templates.
1. Single-layer template including chlorhexidine
The single-layer template consists of a resin, ethylene vinyl acetate; a water-soluble polymer, Polyox; and an anti-microbial agent, chlorhexidine digluconate.
Ethylene vinyl acetate is the backbone of the matrix and has negligible solubility in water. It provides the matrix with its structural integrity when the other components of the matrix leach out during use. Ethylene vinyl acetate has low toxicity and grades are available that have low processing temperatures. Importantly, ethylene vinyl acetate maintains the integrity of the matrix without becoming stiff and brittle.
A sufficient amount, preferably greater than 50 percent by weight, of ethylene vinyl acetate should be included in the matrix so that when the other components leach out there is still enough resin present to maintain the structure of the matrix. Of course, not so much should be included that the matrix cannot be loaded with a sufficient amount of the water-soluble polymer and anti-microbial agent; preferably, the matrix should include less than 90 percent of the ethylene vinyl acetate by weight.
The ethylene vinyl acetate polymer used in the matrix preferably should contain between 5 percent and 50 percent by weight vinyl acetate. If the polymer includes too little vinyl acetate, the matrix may be too stiff and require higher processing temperatures. If the polymer includes too much vinyl acetate, the matrix may be rubber-like and too soft to process.
Polyox water-soluble resins are non-ionic ethylene oxide homopolymers that range in molecular weight from about 100,000 and 5,000,000. Polyox has a very low degree of toxicity, and grades are available that have a low processing temperature, and are completely water soluble in cold and warm water.
The preferred Polyox, available from DuPont, is WSR N-750, which has a molecular weight of 300,000. WSR N-750 has a water solubility that is sufficient to provide a controlled-release of the anti-microbial agent from the matrix at bactericidal levels, but the solubility in the matrix is low enough that it dissolves out slowly, over a period of many uses.
The matrix preferably contains between 5 percent and 40 percent Polyox WSR N-750 by weight. If too much Polyox is included, the anti-microbial agent may leach out too quickly, and the structural integrity of the matrix once most of the Polyox has leached out may be adversely affected. If too little Polyox is included, too low a quantity of the anti-microbial agent may be released from the matrix during use.
The preferred anti-microbial agent is chlorhexidine digluconate, which is well-known for its gingivitis-prevention properties. The amount of chlorhexidine included in the matrix depends on the level of the desired dosage and amount of Polyox; preferably, the matrix includes between 1 percent and 30 percent of chlorhexidine digluconate by weight. If too high a level of chlorhexidine is included, the matrix may become brittle. Of course, a sufficient amount of the agent should be included so that enough is released during use to be effective.
The template should be formed to fit to the shape of the head at the base of the bristles, and should be as thick as possible to allow for many uses before all of the anti-microbial agent is leached out. Preferably, the template is at least 0.5 mm thick to ensure adequate mechanical strength, and can be up to at least 4 mm thick.
In use, the toothbrush is rinsed with water, toothpaste applied, and then the head of the brush is inserted into the mouth to brush the teeth with the bristles. Upon contact with water some of the anti-microbial agent diffuses out of the matrix, onto and down the bristles, and eventually into the saliva of the mouth, killing bacteria on contact. As the Polyox slowly dissolves with repeated uses of the brush, water is allowed to penetrate into the matrix, making more of the anti-microbial agent accessible by diffusion from the matrix core. Eventually, all of the Polyox and agent have left the matrix, and the toothbrush is discarded.
The matrix is designed to incorporate the desired criteria of release rate, dosage, and effective template lifetime by adjusting the thickness of the template included on the brush, the quantity of anti-microbial agent contained in the matrix, and the quantity of Polyox, or other water-soluble polymer, included in the matrix. The higher the desired dosage, the greater the quantity of water-soluble polymer and agent included in the matrix. Also, to increase the released dosage, a more water-soluble form of Polyox can be employed. The lifetime of a given matrix can be increased by increasing the thickness of the template.
Examples of preferred matrices were made by the following procedure.
a. Chlorhexidine digluconate
A 20 percent solution of chlorhexidine digluconate, available from Pliva Pharmaceutical, Chemical, Food, and Cosmetic Industry of Zagreb, Yugoslavia, or ICI, was freeze-dried as follows:
1. Measure 500 ml of chlorhexidine digluconate in a graduated cylinder and transfer it to a 1 liter flask.
2. Adjust volume to 1 liter with double distilled filtered water and mix together.
3. Transfer 300 ml. portions of mixture to glass evaporating dishes (8 inch diameter).
4. Place all evaporating dishes in the freeze-drying apparatus until all water is removed.
5. Transfer the chlorhexidine freeze-dried powder to a 1 liter glass bottle and cap.
6. Store the bottle in a refrigerator or a dark room at approximately 4� C.
b. Ethylene Vinyl Acetate
The most preferred ethylene vinyl acetate is sold by DuPont under the tradename ELVAX 360, and has a vinyl acetate content of 25 percent by weight; a tensile strength of 18.0 Mpa at 23� C. (ASTM D638); an elongation of 800 percent at 23� C. (ASTM D638); a softening temperature of 53� C. (ASTM D1525); and a flexural modulus of 26 Mpa at 23� C. (ASTM D790). ELVAX 360 contains 500 ppm BHT as an anti-oxidant.
In order to mix with chlorhexidine and Polyox powders, ELVAX 360 pellets are ground into powders with particle sizes of less than 250 microns with a Glen Mill Granulator (Model #CS 150/100-2) installed with a screen plate having 1 mm screen holes. A suction system is added to the grinding chamber to facilitate the removal of powders from the chamber to a container. During grinding, the material is recycled through the grinder as many times as necessary (usually two or three passes) to meet the size requirement. A sieve shaker manufactured by the W. S. Tyler Co. is used to control the sizes as needed.
c. Polyox
Polyox WSR N-750 is available from Union Carbide, and has a melting point of 62-67� C. and a molecular weight of 300,000. The Polyox is used as received and mixed with other components to form the template.
d. Blending of Materials
The ELVAX 360, Polyox, and chlorhexidine digluconate are mixed in a blender. Each component is first weighed and then poured into a glass jar with a capacity of 0.5 kilograms. The jar is then placed on a ball-mill rotator and mixed for approximately 1/2 hour. For a quantity greater than 0.5 kilograms, a V-blender manufactured by Patterson-Kelly Co. Inc. is used. The blended material should be stored in a dry, cool room.
e. Processing
The conventional equipment used to produce the matrix includes an extruder, a cooling plate, and a puller. An extrusion die with an opening of 2" wide is used. To control the thickness of the template, the die utilizes a flexible lip design which enables the die lip to be adjusted anywhere from 0.15" to 0.45". Each die is supplied with a sensor for the recording of melt pressure and temperature. Pulling speed are adjusted to produce a 1" wide strip with a thickness of 0.020" or 0.040". The strip can then be fabricated into templates.
Samples were made with both a twin-screw and single-screw extruder. The Werner & Pfleiderer 30 mm twin-screw extruder is based on a corotating and intermeshing twin-screw system. To minimize Polyox and chlorhexidine degradation during processing, the twin screws consists of only two high-shear kneading elements and the rest being low-shear conveying screw elements; the screw speed and processing temperatures are reduced to a minimum. The mixture is fed using a K-Tron twin-screw feeder (Model T-20).
Alternatively, a Haake 3/4 inches single-screw extruder equipped with a 5HP drive motor is employed. When making the most preferred matrix, the extruder was operated with a screw speed of 35 rpm, a barrel pressure of 70 psi, a die pressure of 80 psi, barrel temperature of 113� C., and a die temperature of 113� C.
The blend of materials is fed to either extruder and the strip produced is pulled onto a plate by a Farris puller at a speed of between three or four feet per minute with minimum tension on the strip. The strip is cooled on a plate placed inside a PVC tube by blowing dry compressed air into the tube at approximately 10 CFM. The finished product should be kept in a cool, dry room.
The matrices can also be made by other conventional processes, such as by injection molding, casting foam dispensing machines, and reaction injection molding. In addition, two color injection molding can be used to make the toothbrush/matrix combination.
Toothbrush Preparation
Toothbrushes including the sustained-release matrix were prepared according to the following procedure:
1. Toothbrush handles with undercuts on the toothbrush head for placing templates were molded.
2. The strips prepared above were cut into two strips having maximum width of 39/64". Tape was used to hold the material to prevent stretching.
3. Sets of holes corresponding to the desired bristle pattern to be used with the brush were punched with a Dake arbor press.
4. Templates of the desired size were cut from the strips, and glued to the head of the toothbrush body.
5. The bristles were attached to the head by standard procedures.
Testing for Sustained-Release Properties
The sustained-release matrices of the invention can be tested for their long-term release profiles according to the following procedure.
First, a calibration plot of chlorhexidine digluconate in distilled water was prepared over concentration range of 2 to 40 mcg/ml. Release studies were performed in triplicate; the procedure is summarized below:
1. Samples (1/2"�1") were cut from the strip by random sampling.
2. The samples were placed in 250 ml beakers, which were then set into a shaking water bath (37� C., 80 rpm).
3. 5 ml of distilled water were pipetted to each beaker.
4. After 5 minutes, the samples were removed from beakers and assayed for chlorhexidine content in release solution by uv-spectrophotometric analysis.
5. This procedure was repeated for 100 release periods.
The preferred strips showed excellent chlorhexidine release characteristics over extended periods of use. The composition of the preferred strips, and their release properties after 100 uses, are summarized in the Table below. In the Table, EVA is the preferred ethylene vinyl acetate discussed above; the Polyox is either the more preferred WSR N-750, or a 60:40 blend (60% Polyox coagulant grade, 40% WSR N-750 from Union Carbide); CHG is chlorhexidine digluconate; "S" means the template was prepared by single-screw extrusion, "T" by twin-screw extrusion; [CHG] (ppm) is the concentration of CHG in ppm in the release solution at 100 releases and 60 m (60 mesh) or 18 m (18 mesh) is the particle size of chlorhexidine digluconate employed (no particle size listing indicates that the chlorhexidine was not sieved following freeze-drying). All of the templates were still releasing over 1 ppm chlorhexidine after 100 uses. The most preferred matrix is 2 mm thick and includes 60% EVA, 15% Polyox WSR N-750, and 25% chlorhexidine digluconate.
______________________________________Thickness Composition (%) [CHG](mm) EVA Polyox CHG (ppm)______________________________________1.0 70 15 (60:40) 15 ICI S 5.51 1.0 65 15 (60:40) 20 ICI S 6.49 1.0 70 15 (N-750) 15 ICI S 20.98 0.5 70 15 (60:40) 15 ICI S 1.32 0.5 70 15 (N-750) 15 ICI S 1.57 0.5 70 15 (N-750) 15 ICI S 2.19 0.5 70 15 (N-750) 15 ICI S 2.53 1.0 65 20 (N-750) 15 ICI S 8.63 1.0 60 25 (N-750) 15 ICI S 12.41 1.0 50 35 (N-750) 15 ICI S 7.04 1.0 70 15 (N-750) 15 ICI T 7.84 1.0 70 15 (N-750) 15 ICI T 23.15 1.0 70 15 (N-750) 15 ICI T 2.73 1.0 70 10 (N-750) 20 ICI T 21.38 2.0 65 15 (N-750) 20 (60 m ICI) S 17.59 2.0 70 15 (N-750) 15 (Pliva) S 12.43 2.0 65 20 (N-750) 15 (60 m ICI) S 7.62 2.0 70 15 (N-750) 15 (60 m ICI) S 11.20 2.0 70 15 (N-750) 15 (18 m ICI)S 6.78 2.0 70 15 (N-750) 15 (60 m ICI) T 9.10 2.0 65 20 (N-750) 15 (60 m ICI) T 9.08 2.0 70 15 (N-750) 15 (Pliva) T 1.53 2.0 60 15 (N-750) 25 (60 m ICI) T 50.76 2.0 65 15 (N-750) 20 (60 m ICI) T 7.67 2.0 60 15 (N-750) 25 (60 m Pliva) T 9.83 2.0 55 15 (N-750) 30 (60 m Pliva) T 7.10 2.0 60 15 (N-750) 25 (60 m ICI) S 63.00 2.0 55 10 (N-750) 35 (60 m Pliva) T 15.78 2.0 60 15 (N-750) 25 (18 m ICI) S 62.34 2.0 60 15 (N-750) 25 (60 m Pliva) 47.22 2.0 60 15 (N-750) 25 (Pliva) S 72.63 2.0 60 15 (N-750) 25 (Pliva) T 29.72 2.0 60 15 (N-750) 25 (ICI) S 54.56 2.0 60 15 (N-750) 25 (ICI) T 31.37 2.0 60 15 (N-750) 25 (60 m Pliva) S 61.24 2.0 60 15 (N-750) 25 (60 m Pliva) S 60.03 2.0 60 15 (N-750) 25 (60 m Pliva) S 60.43______________________________________
2. Two-layer template including chlorhexidine
The preferred single-layer template generally includes over 50% support resin (EVA) by weight to achieve good mechanical properties and processibility. This, to some extent, limits the quantity of chlorhexidine that can be included in the matrix. An alternative two-layer template provides a higher quantity of chlorhexidine in the portion of the template that primarily contacts water and saliva. The first, outer layer contains less ethylene vinyl acetate and more polyethylene oxide and chlorhexidine. The second, inner layer has the composition of the preferred single-layer embodiment, although the second layer could consist entirely of ethylene vinyl acetate. A preferred two-layer matrix includes 65% ethylene vinyl acetate, 15% Polyox, and 20% chlorhexidine digluconate in the inner layer, and 30% ethylene vinyl acetate, 25% Polyox, and 45% chlorhexidine digluconate in the outer layer. The inner layer should include at least 60% of the support resin; the outer layer can include upwards of 50% chlorhexidine.
The outer layer releases a higher dosage of chlorhexidine when contacted with water, yet has good strength and processibility because the second layer provides the necessary support. As the outer layer wears away, the anti-microbial agent in the inner layer also is released. The outer layer preferably is 0.25 to 3 mm thick, while the inner layer preferably is 0.1 to 0.5 mm thick.
The two-layer templates can be produced either by conventional co-extrusion or co-injection molding techniques, from two different mixtures. Alternatively one layer can be extruded and then the other layer can be thermoformed/compression molded or laminated onto the extruded layer.
An alternative two-layer embodiment has an outer layer consisting only of the support resin and the anti-microbial agent. The preferred anti-microbial agent, chlorhexidene digluconate, is water-soluble, although not to the same degree as the water-soluble polyethylene oxide. Because the outer layer includes a high quantity of the anti-microbial agent, enough of the agent can dissolve out of the matrix to provide a sufficient dosage of the agent without the assistance of a water-soluble polymer.
3. Template including a colorant
The wear-indicator template preferably includes two layers, each with a different colorant. The outer layer includes a water-soluble polymer (preferably polyethylene oxide, polyethylene glycol, or polyvinyl alcohol) and a colorant, preferably a water-leachable colorant; a support resin is optional. The inner layer includes a support resin and a second colorant, like titanium dioxide, which provides a solid white appearance. The different colorants should be selected to provide a clear contrast so that a user can plainly discern the color change as the colorant in the outer layer leaches out over time.
The two-layer templates including a colorant can be produced by the same techniques used to produce the two-layer templates including an anti-microbial agent discussed above.
The preferred wear-indicating template is illustrated in FIG. 2a and consists of an outer layer 22, which includes the colorant that is released during use, and an inner layer 24, which is adjacent the toothbrush during use. Inner layer 24 includes titanium dioxide.
Alternative two-layer template embodiments are illustrated in FIGS. 2b-2f. In these embodiments, no colorant is included in the outer layer 26 and a non-white colorant is included in the inner layer 28. The outer layer in these embodiments preferably consists only of water-soluble polymer; as the outer layer dissolves away during use the colorant in the second layer becomes visible, or more visible, providing an indication of the degree of wear of the brush.
Referring to FIG. 2b, a template has a flat outer layer 26 and a flat inner layer 28 that are approximately the same size. As outer layer 26 dissolves away with repeated use, a colorant in inner layer 28 becomes visible to a user looking straight down at the surface of the bristles that contact the teeth.
Referring to FIG. 2c, inner layer 28 of a template has elements 30 that extend into grooves in outer layer 26. As outer layer 26 dissolves away, elements 30, which include colorant, become visible to the user as stripes at the base of the bristles. A similar embodiment is illustrated in FIG. 2d, except that elements 32 extend along the exterior of outer layer 26. In this embodiment, as outer layer 26 dissolves away a colored strip along the edge of the template becomes visible to a user looking straight down at the surface of the bristles that contact the teeth.
Referring to FIGS. 2e and 2f, an alternative template includes an inner layer 28 that is fully surrounded by the outer layer 26 except at surface 34, where the template is attached to the head of the brush. As outer layer 26 dissolves, inner layer 28 becomes visible from the sides and from the top.
Although not illustrated, other alternative matrices include those in which the inner layer(s) is simply two narrow strips, like elements 30; and those in which the inner layer includes cyclindrical elements that extend upwards from the inner layer into the outer layer. In the latter embodiment, as the outer layer dissolves away the inner layer becomes visible as colored dots.
The following examples were made from two 3/4 inch extruders with a co-extrusion die to produce two-layer templates having the design shown in FIG. 2a and having a thickness of about 10 mm.
The first layer of the template consisted of 44.6% ethylene vinyl acetate (Elvax 360), 44.5% Polyox N-750, 10% polyethylene glycol (Dow-E4500), and 0.9% of a dark blue pigment (FD&C Blue No. 2, Aluminum Lube 35-42%, available from Warner Jenkinson of St. Louis, Mo.). The second layer consisted of 99.5% Elvax 360 and 0.5% titanium dioxide. When the template was submerged in water for 24-hours, the initial dark blue color changed to a light blue.
The first layer of the template includes 49.5% Elvax 360, 49.5% Polyox N-750, and 1% dark blue pigment. The second layer was the same as in Example A. The results of a 24-hour water-submerge test also were the same.
The first layer of the template consists of 99% polyvinyl alcohol and 1% of the dark blue pigment, and no support resin. The second layer was the same as for the other two examples. When this template was subjected to a 24-hour water-submerge test, the initial dark blue color of the template turned to white.
Other embodiments are within the claims. For example, other water-insoluble polymers can be used as the support resin. To determine whether a polymer can be used as a support resin within the meaning of this application, a template should be prepared containing 60% of the polymer, 15% Polyox WSR N-750, and 25% chlorhexidine digluconate. Matrix samples (1/2"�1") having a thickness of 2 mm are placed in 250 ml beakers which are then set into a shaking water bath (37� C., 80 rpm) for 8 hours. If the matrix has maintained its structural integrity in the bath and does not fall apart, the polymer is a support resin. Examples of the specific polymers that can be used in place of EVA as the support resins include Hytrel G-4074 (a polyester available from DuPont); Hytrel 4056 (a polyester elastomer also available from DuPont); Vestenamer 8012 (TPE, available from Huls America); Rimplast PSW 2159 (a silicone, available from Petrarch Systems); Prolytropes (an ethylene/propylene alloy available from A. Schulman, Inc.); Millathanes (a polyester urethane available from Millathane); Kraton G-7680 (a styrene/rubber available from Shell Chemical); and Santoprene 101-55 (a polyolefin alloy available from Monsanto Chemical). Prolytropes and Kraton G-7680 are more preferred because of their relatively low processing temperatures, 29� C. and 57� C., respectively. Examples of other general classes of polymers that can be used as support resins include polyurethanes, polycarbonates, polyesters, polyethylenes, polypropylenes, polystyrenes, and polyvinyl chloride; polyurethanes, polyethylenes, and polystyrenes are more preferred because forms of these polymers with relatively low processing temperatures are available.
Additionally, other water-soluble substances can be used in place of Polyox in the matrix. To determine whether something is a water-soluble substance within the meaning of this application, a template should be prepared containing 80% EVA and 20% of the substance. Matrix samples (1/2"�1") having a thickness of 2 mm are placed in 250 ml beakers which are then set into a shaking water bath (37� C., 80 rpm) for 8 hours. After that time, the matrix is removed, and photomicrographs (magnification of 350X) of the matrix after the procedure are compared to photomicrographs (350X) of the matrix prior to the procedure. If after the procedure channels and pores have formed into the matrix, the substance is a water-soluble substance. Other water-soluble natural polymers than can be used include agar; carrageenan; corn starch; guar gum; gum arabic; gum karaya; gum tragacanth; locust bean gum; potato, wheat and rice starches; tapioca; casein; pectin; and sodium alginate. Modified natural polymers then can be used include cationic starch; dextran; hydroxyalkyl starches; hydroxyethyl and hydroxypropyl cellulose; methyl cellulose; sodium carboxymethyl cellulose; xanthan gum; gelatin; and sodium carboxymethyl starch. Synthetic polymers suitable for use include polyvinyl alcohol; cationic resins and quaternary ammonium compounds; poly (N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone); vinyl ether polymers; styrene-maleic anhydride copolymers; ethylene-maleic anhydride copolymer; hydrophilic gels; and polymeric surface-active agents. Inorganic salts, (e.g., EDTA, NaCl, Na2 CO3, and KCl) and fillers may also be used.
Anti-microbial agents that can be used in place of chlorhexidine digluconate include antibiotics such as actinobolin, chlortetracycline, tetracycline, streptomycin, kanamycin, neomycin, niddamycin, bacitracin, erythromycin, penicillin, rancemycin, gramicidin, saramycin, and polymyxin B; as well as antiplaque enzymes such as mucinases, pancreatin, fungal enzymes, protease-amylase, dextranase, moimnase, zendium, amyloglucosidase, and glucose oxidase. Other conventional antimicrobials that can be used include phenolic compounds (e.g., phenol, thymol, 2-phenylphenol, hexylresorcinol), and listerine (thymol, eucalyptol, menthol, methylsalicylate); bi-pyridines (e.g., octenidene); pyrimidines (e.g., hexetidine); halogens (e.g., iodine, iodophores, fluorides); quaternary ammonium salts (e.g., cetylpyridinium chloride, benzethonium chloride, domiphen bromide); oxygenating agents (e.g., peroxides; perborate); herbal extracts (e.g., sangnimarine); heavy metal salts (e.g., silver, mercury, zinc, copper, tin); and other bis-biguanidines besides chlorhexidine (e.g., alexidine). of course, other chlorhexidine salts like the diacetate and dihydrochloride can be used in place of chlorhexidine digluconate.
Moreover, the matrices can be used in other ways, for example by impregnating the bristles of a toothbrush with small matrix particles, by inserting the matrices into the holes the toothbrush head into which bristles are then inserted, or by coating the matrix on dental floss. The matrix also can be attached to the side of the head of the toothbrush opposite the side to which the bristles are attached. Alternatively, a matrix can be designed to be inserted and left in the mouth for an extended period of time, for example as a small ring that fits around a tooth.
Templates can be designed that are sustained-release but that do not release over 1 ppm chlorhexidine after 100 uses by the test previously designed. For example, a disposable toothbrush, which would be discarded after only a few uses, does not require such extended release lifetime. For the purposes of this invention, sustained-release means that the matrix still releases at least 1 ppm of the anti-microbial agent after 10 uses (more preferably after 50 uses) when tested according to the procedure described in the Preferred Embodiment section.
Any of the two-layer templates shown in FIG. 2 can be used to provide the sustained-release of an anti-microbial agent.
Further, other well-known, conventional additives such as fillers, binders, lubricants, and channeling agents can be included in the matrix, although care should be taken that these additives do not adversely affect the agent release rate.
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June 29, 2015
Campus landscape updates :: Faculty news briefs :: New hires
The Fountain is published by the Office of Communications and relies on community submissions. Send news about faculty and staff publications, successes or awards to email@example.com. It is published weekly during the semester and on a reduced schedule over the winter and summer breaks.
Photos are accepted. Submissions are due by Tuesday at 5 p.m. for the following week's issue.
Compiled by: Daniel F. Le Ray.
Campus landscape updates :: Faculty news briefs :: New hires
Whitman Leadership Program :: Science Outreach :: WW Sweets :: Faculty news brief
Commencement :: Landscape updates :: Working Group reports :: MTM
Club Advisers of the Year :: Faculty and staff news briefs :: HR update
Retirements :: Faculty news brief :: Commencement

subset: commoncrawl


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Why codeSpark?
- Computer science is a new way of thinking
- Programming is the heart of computer science
- Kids learn at their own pace without help
- We've created the first fun "ABC's of computer science"
- codeSpark is for all kids, not just the tech inclined
- Our game world is always growing and delivering new challenges
- THE FOOs are coming to a device near you!
Introducing… "The Foos"
Foo Who?
Our first game is called "The Foos". Foos are cute creatures that were only discovered by scientists very recently. They are microscopic and live deep inside of computer chips. Foos can be programmed to do almost anything. However, to be truly happy Foos need to have fun and help each other.
Our Foos live in downtown Fooville and are surrounded by play areas like Foo Zoo, Foo Games, Foo Art Studio and Foo Theater. Players who are good at programming the Foos will unlock more characters, more programming commands and more adventures!
Glitch Attack!
The Glitch is a force of chaos in "The Foos". He can be stopped but players must program the Police Foo to catch him and fix what he breaks! Unless you want to witness the terrible power of the Glitch for yourself, don't press the button below…


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Thursday, April 18, 2013
SCDOT has announced nighttime lane closure of the two north bound lanes of the Berlin G. Myers Parkway at the intersection of Trolley Road on Tuesday, April 23. The nighttime lane closure will be from 9:00 p.m. to 6:00 a.m. The road closure is necessary to modify recently installed traffic delineators at the intersection.
Barricades, cones, and signs will be in place to guide motorists around the work area via a detour on US 17-A. The public is asked to use caution while driving in the area, and to follow all directional signs. The intersection will be opened back up to normal traffic as soon as the work is completed.
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American University
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The International JD Dual Degree Programs allow a select number of students to obtain a JD from AUWCL in Washington, DC and either the equivalent JD degree from Canada, France or Australia, or an LL.M. degree from Spain. This experience takes studying abroad to a new level. Law students are now able to go beyond area studies in international or transnational law and become actual transnational lawyers.
Our International JD Dual Degree programs are open to WCL students only and you must have completed at least one semester of law school before applying. It is preferred that participants apply during January of their first year of law school. Second year students may apply during January of their 2L year, but placements may be limited.
(JD/Master of Laws (JD))
(JD/Master I/Master II)
*The International Dual Degree Programs are only open to students currently enrolled at AUWCL. Admission to AUWCL does not consitute admission to any of the International Dual Degree Programs nor does it guarantee admisson to any of the programs offered.
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The 39th Season for the Hopelands Summer Concert Series continues with a performance by South Boundary on Monday.
The performance will take place on the Roland H. Windham Performing Arts Stage at Hopelands and will begin at 7 p.m., lasting approximately an hour. This performance is presented by Allstar Tents and Events.
This year's concert series is dedicated to the memory of Cecelia "CeCe" Reynolds, who was a Concert Series volunteer for 35 years, and Carl Crosby, the owner and director of Crosby's School of Dance.
South Boundary was formed in the spring of 2008 and has been singing in and around Aiken since an inaugural performance at St. John's UMC in January of that year. Their singing has taken them to Kentucky, Scotland and Georgia.
They fund and support three boys choirs in the area and are building an endowed scholarship for music students at USCA while producing $1,000 in annual scholarships – now in the fourth round of those. South Boundary has made a project of collaborating with others, notably USCA concert choir and jazz orchestra, Masterworks, Aiken Choral Society, M'Aiken Music and Aiken Singers.
Visit the web site for more information at www.southboundary.com.
The Hopelands Summer Concert Series will continue throughout the summer each Monday night until the end of August. All concerts will begin at 7 p.m. unless otherwise noted and will be held at Hopelands on the Windham Performing Arts Stage.
The concert series is intended to bring the performing arts to Aiken and the surrounding area for fans of all ages. The event is family-friendly and free of charge. Food is allowed, but alcohol is not. Well-behaved pets on leashes are allowed.
Public parking is available at the Green Boundary Club on Whiskey Road across from Hopelands Gardens. Handicap parking is available at the Hopelands Gardens parking lot on 135 Dupree Place. Staff, performers and additional handicap parking is located at the Rye Patch, 100 Berrie Road Parking is not allowed on the sides of Berrie Road or Dupree Place.
Please call 803-642-7650 for more information on the concert series schedule. In the case of inclement weather, call the PRT Rain-out Hotline at 803-643-4661, the Weeks Center at 803-642-7631, the City of Aiken PRT Department's Facebook page at wwww.facebook.com/ExperienceAiken or sign up at www.rainedout.com to receive updates to your cell phone.
If accommodations for those with disabilities are needed, please notify the City of Aiken PRT Department at 803-642-7631 no less than 72 hours in advance.
Notice about comments:
Aiken Standard is pleased to offer readers the enhanced ability to comment on stories. Some of the comments may be reprinted elsewhere in the site or in the newspaper. We ask that you refrain from profanity, hate speech, personal comments and remarks that are off point.
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FX May Split Into Two Networks: Where Would Louie, Justified, and Always Sunny Air?
You may have to reconfigure your TV listings this fall.
According to Broadcasting & Cable, Fox plans to split FX into two networks to expand its content. One network, which could be called "FXX" (not final yet, though), would reportedly target younger viewers and air the channel's comedic programming, like It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia, Louie, and The League, plus movies and other relevant comedy content.
The split is reportedly planned for September, but afterward "FX" would continue to play its dramas, like Sons of Anarchy and Justified.
As the B&C story notes, "Splitting a network portfolio along drama/comedy lines has long been done by Turner Broadcasting, with TNT, which features drama, and its 'very funny' TBS. AMC Networks is following a similar strategy by having IFC focus on quirky comedies while it develops dramas for Sundance Channel."
What do you think of the network splitting up with itself?
Source: Broadcasting & Cable


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The old Kitchings Mill Library is one step closer to being preserved as a tribute to the eastern part of Aiken County.
On Tuesday, County Council unanimously approved a resolution authorizing the relocation of the building to Aiken County Historical Museum grounds.
"My original plan, when I first saw it, was to preserve it," said Jerry Waters, who owned the property until recently. "Now, it will be shared by a lot of people, not just a limited few."
The former library, which most recently was a private residence, sits on Highway 4 and was built by Della and James Kitching around the turn of the 20th century. Della, a matriarch of the Kitchings Mill community, stocked the library, set up a foundation to maintain it and dedicated it to the memory of her mother, Harriet Kitching.
After about 25 years, the foundation was no longer able to sustain the library so the property reverted to Della.
The Kitchings Mill Library building was occupied by Della's descendants until 2012 when Waters received a call from the family of then-resident Virginia Surles.
Surles was moving into an assisted living home and wanted Waters to assist in the preservation of the home.
To that end, Elliott Levy, the executive director of the Aiken County Historical Museum, was contacted, and an effort to relocate and preserve the building has been going on since.
Aiken County is currently seeking bids on relocating the old library and on removing and reconstructing the existing border wall at the museum to accommodate the building next to the red schoolhouse.
County Administrator Clay Killian said Tuesday he expects the cost to relocate the library will be approximately $20,000 to $25,000 to be paid from a contingency fund.
Levy envisions turning the house into an exhibit with displays on Kitchings Mill, Salley, Perry, Wagener and Monetta.
"It gives the folks in the eastern part of the county something to hang their hat on," Waters said.
Notice about comments:
Aiken Standard is pleased to offer readers the enhanced ability to comment on stories. Some of the comments may be reprinted elsewhere in the site or in the newspaper. We ask that you refrain from profanity, hate speech, personal comments and remarks that are off point.
We do not edit user submitted statements and we cannot promise that readers will not occasionally find offensive or inaccurate comments posted in the comments area. If you find a comment that is objectionable, please click the X that appears in the upper right corner when you hover over a comment. This will send the comment to Facebook for review. Please be reminded, however, that in accordance with our Terms of Use and federal law, we are under no obligation to remove any third party comments posted on our website. Read our full terms and conditions.


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Details and Shopping
Customer Favorite
Semi-sheer button-down tunic top. Long sleeves. One front pocket. Slit at bottom back.
*100% Polyester
*Machine Wash Cold
Measurements for Size Small:
Length: 29 1/2"
Bust: 40"
Waist: 36"
Sleeve Length: 26"
*100% Polyester
*Machine Wash Cold
Measurements for Size Small:
Length: 29 1/2"
Bust: 40"
Waist: 36"
Sleeve Length: 26"
Rated 4.6 out of 5Â by 16 reviewers.
Rated 3 out of 5Â by ldyklumzx Cute but .. This tunic is adorable but It's not for me. I am 5'2", 111lbs, 32B & I always get XS in FP but when I tried on this tunic its was waaaaay too long. It would probably look great with ladies who are tall but for us short ladies you might want to reconsider. It was way too roomy and it made me look like I had no chest which is very unflattering. I love the concept of solid top & sheer everywhere else but too bad it didn't work out. I wish it was a bit shorter & tighter around the waist area, oh well. 2.13.2012
Rated 4 out of 5Â by saraleo Beautiful but... I really like this beautiful blouse but... I do not love it. I ordered the shell color hoping it would be more on the whiter side but it's more ivory. Unfortunately, the cut is not made for petites. I'm 5'2, 100 lbs and the shoulders are too wide and the sleeves are too long even in the XS. If it fit better I would keep it but I think the cons outweigh the pros and I look like a stole this from my grandma's closet who is much bigger than me. 12.20.2011
Rated 5 out of 5Â by AshLynn Gorgeous Red Orange I tried this top on in the Red Orange, and I instantly fell in love. (For reference, I am 5'6, 115, and tried the XS, it ran a little big, but not drowning me.) I highly recommend this top! It's sheer on the bottom, but not too sheer where you couldn't get away without a shirt on underneath. 12.15.2012
Rated 5 out of 5Â by LisM go for it! If you are thinking about buying this top, just do it. You won't regret it. It is much more special in person than it looks online. I have it in the white, and it is SO versatile. The back makes this top more special than just any old white button down, and the material is flowy and flattering. This is a great basic for your wardrobe! 11.30.2012
Rated 5 out of 5Â by Francheska Love the fit! I just want to say that the fit on this blouse is perfect. I bought an x-small and it fits a little bit loose but in a flattering way. I really like how it fits in the shoulder area and it looks lovely from behind. It is a little long but it isn't a deal breaker. Overall I recommend this shirt to anyone who doesn't mind the length. 8.27.2012
Rated 5 out of 5Â by Essie buy it! This top is absolutely gorgeous!!! A bit pricy, but totally worth it. But I must note that in the picture, the mint color looks a bit blue-ish. However, it's more of a green in person. Either way, I love it. 3.28.2012
Rated 5 out of 5Â by saraht delicate and flowy I bought the Mint Julep and love it! The color is a little bit darker in person but very true to what it looks like in the picture. Fits a little loose, can definitely layer. Love the delicate material but beware it is very fragile.. want to get the Shell color as well. 3.20.2012
Rated 5 out of 5Â by faylb Better in person! I bought this in the "shell" color. While on the website it looks like it may be ivory/white, it is almost a nude/champagne color, which I totally love! It goes great with the caldara sweater on top. I am typically a s/xs in free-people tops, so I bought this in a small, but I think I could have gone with an xs. I may get the mint julip in the xs since that one looks like it would be amazing too! Very good purchase since it can be layered and dressed up or down. Love it! 2.22.2012
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text: We are committed to making every person's visit to the Festival extraordinary. Over the past number of years, we've made many changes to our programs, facilities and services to provide patrons with disabilities with the things they need to have an enjoyable theatre experience.Our Accessibility Committee is always looking to make improvements to our buildings and services. Feedback on any aspect of the accessibility program at the Festival is encouraged from its employees, volunteers and patrons.


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Quilted Mesh Frame Clutch
Style # 206750
Luxurious quilted metal mesh detail, Art Deco-inspired closure and structured metal frame make this bebe clutch an elegant evening must-own.
- Metal
- Imported
Quilted Mesh Frame Clutch 1 1
Didn't like the gold The size of this bag is great for going out; however, the gold looks really cheap. I would not recommend this bag. December 18, 2012
1-1 of 1


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Questions? Call Us 866-733-0698
For individuals who find themselves working long hours in the same chair, proper ergonomic support can make the difference between good health and chronic pain and discomfort. Additionally, an inappropriate seating option can do more than cause a worker to be uncomfortable during his or her work day; such discomfort can also lead to a lack of productivity due to fidgeting and constant readjustment while trying to find proper positioning.
Fortunately, Beyond the Office Door is proud to carry Neutral Posture office chairs and stools; attractive and ergonomic seating solutions that are ready to meet the workplace demands of all kinds of workers in a variety of careers. From high backed chairs with plush padding to mid-back chairs with mesh backing that provides maximum breathability, Neutral Posture has provided all of the seating options you might need to get the most out of your workforce and keep everyone on your team comfortable and supported throughout the work day.
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Quick Links
Shop All Jewelry
ER10485 In Stock
Our collection of wildly popular nameplate items now boasts these unique Gold Vermeil Custom Monogram Earrings. Just like our custom monogram necklaces, but on a smaller scale, each earring is custom-made for you, with your initials in a stunning scripted style. Monograms are traditionally in the following order: first name initial on the left side, last name initial enlarged in the center, and middle initial on the right. Please enter your initials in the order you wish them to appear, with last name initial in the center. Each earring measures 5/8 of an inch wide and tall, with a total length of 1 inch including the secure post. The style featured here is crafted of sterling silver dipped in gold that will add a lustrous glow to your outfit, while showing pride in your identity at the same time. Our Gold Vermeil Custom Monogram Earrings would make a wonderful gift for a family member who shares some of your initials, or even better, a gift for yourself! Please note: Your custom monogram item is personally handcrafted, and may vary slightly from this preview. Each monogram is hand cut, using this template as a guide, and is completely unique.
Eve's Addiction.com wants you to be a happy customer. We want you to be completely satisfied with the sterling silver jewelry that you receive from us, as we only sell high quality silver and cubic zirconia cz jewelry. We do understand that you may not like your purchase for some reason.
You may return or exchange your jewelry within 60 days of purchase if you are not satisfied with it. The jewelry must be returned in its original condition for a refund or exchange. Engraved, personalized, photo, monogram, name and initial, chocolate and clearance items are not returnable or exchangeable.


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Polymorph is a fine card. It just sux in a deck with small creatures rather than other permanents that put small creatures in play (ie. Khalani Gardens, etc)
Quest would be fine here.
Elvish Piper I'm torn on. By itself, It's never really been that great. It sux in the current game because you rarely have any worthwhile creatures. I suppose this deck is much better than the current format, being that you have 6 decent targets, which statistically you should see one by Turn 5, but still. I'm sceptical.
Exactly. The problem with these decks, at least for my case, is that they are too slow. Im pretty heavy into tournaments (standard) and these decks just dont give me justice. I need a quick deck that provides huge amounts of synergy. Im running a mean white aggro this week, im excited to see how it does.
Darksiders, 1 of the most unappreciated slashers to date.
New Info!!! 50 new screenshots! And look at the list of new facts, "Improved deck editing"!!!
i wonder how many ms points its going to cost im hoping only 800 points pretty sure that's what the last one was. so heres to hoping we dont get ripped off.
"I'm from the street. Oh no not the hood, the sesame street." (scrubs)
It seems it is going to be 10 dollars ( = 800 MP).
I'll buy it for $10!
Who am I kidding, I'd pay more for it...
Boardgames are fun to play as well! Give 'em a try. Go BGG!!!
Well I missed the first game. Im new to MtG I did collect them when I was a kid but when you're a kid you just look at the pictures not even understanding it was a game. So with that i'm defiantly going to purchase this one just decideing if I want it on xbox or steam. Probably xbox.
Blood for the blood god.
It has been confirmed to be 800ms for a couple of weeks now. Sorry I havent been on to update anything new. Been kicking some legacy @$$ on MTGO
Will this be releasing in the UK the same day as NA?
No deck constructions? I'll pass. The existing title has a sufficient number of premade decks for me. Bring me an MTGO xbox title, please.
doubt they will ever make mtgo for the console just play that on the pc when in the mood for custom decks and play this and the previous mtg xbox game when in the mood to just have a basic and fun online experence. if this game was just new decks and graphics i prolly wouldnt spent 10 bucks on it but considering its going to finally have online co-op (hopefully this also means that 2 headed giant and 2 v 2 will be online compatible without having to play on the same console because thats what was missing for me in the 1st arcade title)
One of these days, I'm going to spend an entire day going into all the forums of games I don't want, just to be like: "Nope, I'm not buying this!"


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Tuesday, July 23, 2013
The Mount Pleasant Track Club continues to cement itself among the premier track and field clubs in the country. Thirty-six members, competing in 47 different events, qualified for the United States of America Track and Field (USATF) Nationals in Greensboro, N.C. this week.
Nineteen of those youth athletes are ranked in the top 12 of their respective events in the country.
Those 36 qualifiers reached their national meet aspirations after a strong showing at the Region 4 track meet in Orlando, Fla. over the July 4th weekend. The region covers South Carolina, Georgia and Florida.
Reid Haigler won the 3,000-meter race, Terrell Venning championed the discus event and Worth Burnette was the pole vault winner.
The club held its final preparatory practice Monday at the Park West track. ""This was our best showing ever at Regionals," coach Tami Dennis said.
"We were put in a new region with Florida and Georgia and knew the competition would be stiff, but the kids responded with huge PRs (personal records)."
The complete list of athletes competing in the national meet are listed at the conclusion of the article, categorized by age groups. Nationals began Monday and conclude the following Sunday.
"In the past we were excited about going to nationals," Dennis said, "now, we're hungry to compete and reach for that All-American position (Top 8 finish at nationals)."
8 and under: Caleb Boykins (800, 1500), Troy Cocco (shot put, javelin), Ginger Arnold (shot put, javelin)
9-10: Caleb Walker (javelin), Georgia Arnold (javelin), Zaire Coker (long jump), Morgan Arent (high jump, long jump), Sophie Heinhold (high jump, long jump)
11-12: Jayla Grant (shot put, Discus), Wells Burnette (high jump), Ryan Loud (high jump), Chloe Berda (javelin), Dylan Buchelle (javelin), Christopher Corgill (javelin), Paul Kowalchick (discus), David Kowalchick (discus), Ben McElveen (3000m)
13-14: Worth Burnette (pole vault), James Corgill (pole vault), Colton Green (pole vault), Taylor Arent (pole vault), Raena Burns (pole vault, javelin), Austin Marshall (long jump), Jacob Wilkins (discus)
15-16: Kristin Fairey (1500m, 2000m steeplechase), Reid Haigler (3000m, 2000m steeplechase), Keegan Green (3000m, 2000m steeplechase), Scott Stroman (800m), Mads Nelson (3000m), Kendall Mercer (high jump, pole vault), Liam Christensen (javelin), Terrell Venning (discus)
17-18: Sarah Lee (pole vault), Hampton Harvin (high jump), Angelica Collins (long jump), Caitlin Corgill (high jump).
Moultrie News is pleased to offer readers the enhanced ability to comment on stories. We expect our readers to engage in lively, yet civil discourse. We do not edit user submitted statements and we cannot promise that readers will not occasionally find offensive or inaccurate comments posted in the comments area. Responsibility for the statements posted lies with the person submitting the comment, not Moultrie News.
If you find a comment that is objectionable, please click "report abuse" and we will review it for possible removal. Please be reminded, however, that in accordance with our Terms of Use and federal law, we are under no obligation to remove any third party comments posted on our website. Read our full terms and conditions.
© 2015 Moultrie News an Evening Post Industries company. All Rights Reserved.
Registration on or use of this site constitutes acceptance of our Terms of Service, Privacy Policy and Parental Consent Form.


text:
- Ruth Reichl
La Folle Journée, Glinka, Prokofiev. DCL, Angers, The Tapestry of the Apocalypse. Creation, entrepreneur, business plan. L'ancien palais de justice, the new, modern, luxury hotel, architects and design. Submission, conference, workshop, networking. Lambretta, 3-D reindeer, applications and cover letters. 6 Nations, fondue, Don Giovane; bamboozled, rig'marole, la Segerdahl et lo Jeep.
Buzz words and a changing life. French, English, Italian; words that only have meaning to us and the evolution of a family. A mixed bag of cultural references, not all clearly understandable to the outside world, events and happenings that may not be intelligible to others who don't live the same thing as we do. Is it absolutely necessary that one always bare one's life on a blog and recount the day to day activities? I have made an attempt in my own way, sharing our adventures, our daring Starting Over decisions, our sons' vagaries, choices and personal combats. I illustrate our story with fancy flourishes and infuse it with a touch of whimsy, a dash of romance, a dollop of humor but sometimes I wonder if it isn't all just a lot of incomprehensible babble to those on the outside looking in. Revealing the daily details of anyone's most personal moments to those who have never found themselves face to face in the same room with those individuals, that particular family seems so absurd, slightly gratuitous. Utterly foreign, rather irrelevant tidbits of what I did today, what the kids said, how we are each advancing in our own personal exploits and projects, how can one package it all up and flip it around into entertainment? What can I recount that will make you smile, and what tales will make you roll your eyes, shrug your shoulders and skip down to the recipe? And how much is the truth, how much is real and how much is utter fiction?
- Maya Angelou
So I can tell you with how much joy we received Simon's perfect notes on his Language (English) Proficiency Test or how pleased we are that Clem snagged the best Third Year Internship in his entire architecture class as he now follows the reconstruction of the old Law Courts (inaugurated in 1851) and their transformation into a luxury hotel; I can rattle on about JP's new project and the excitement that zips through the apartment like electricity as he advances with the force of a steam roller; the satisfaction at the rapt fascination held by those with whom he shares the details; I can blather on about my own work and successes, give you an inside look and an indulgent chinwag on all that I am writing, for whom and what they said. I can leave you photographs scattered across my desktop, smiling faces that tell the tale of a weekend that you couldn't attend. And what is it worth, I wonder? Am I capable of touching your life, somehow, and making you understand mine?
- Groucho Marx
Today, I simply wanted to share a few links and some news. And a cake.
From Plate to Page spoke with the wonderful, multi-talented Denise Vivaldo, culinary consultant extraordinaire and author of the successful The Food Stylist's Handbook. Visit her guest post over on the Plate to Page blog where she gives us an inside look at her own fascinating career as well as the world of food styling.
And speaking of From Plate to Page, there are still a couple of spaces open for our exciting Somerset workshop in May. If you are looking for an intimate, hands-on, practical workshop providing you with the tools, instruction and inspiration to define and hone your food writing, styling and photography skills and kick start your creativity all in a convivial, fun- and food-filled weekend then Plate to Page is for you! For details about the workshop, the four instructors (I teach food writing) and registration, please visit out our website! But hurry, spaces are limited to 12 and they are going fast! Questions? Visit our new FAQ page!
My lovely friend Nancy Baggett, talented food writer and cookbook author, interviewed me for her blog Kitchen Lane as part of her new series on Who's Behind the Blog (my title, not hers). Please visit Kitchen Lane and I hope you enjoy the interview!
I was recently asked to be one of the featured Foodie 100 on the new food community site Foodie.com. I have shared 3 previously unpublished recipes on Foodie.com that I particularly love: my best Sweet Potato Pie (the old family recipe of a colleague of an old roommate shared with me some 30 years ago), a gorgeous Apple Frangipane Jalousie and perfect Gingersnaps. And it really is a great new food community.
And now a cake. Food is indeed a universal language, and no matter whether you read my stories (I hope you do) or feel connected emotionally (I do try) or understand my humor or my meaning (if I am lucky), everyone can understand and love a great cake. The kind people at Agate Publishing sent me Pat Sinclair's book Baking Basics and Beyond. As a food blogger passionate about baking who has many friends and readers who are not experienced bakers and look to me for great yet simple-to-make cakes and confections, I was truly interested in trying the recipes in this book and seeing if it was one I would recommend. As I desired to bake something for my family this weekend and as my son was complaining about the lack of snacks in the house, I decided to turn to Pat's book and start testing. I will give a more indepth review once I have tried a few more recipes, but if this Chocolate Amaretto Pound Cake is anything to go by, well, I think I am going to love this book.
From Baking Basics and Beyond by Pat Sinclair – with a few personal minor adjustments
6 oz (168 g) bittersweet chocolate, chopped
2 ½ cups (300 g) flour (I weighed 2 ½ cups flour at 350 g)
2 tsps baking powder
½ tsp salt
1 cup (225 g) unsalted butter, softened to room temperature
¾ cup (150 g) granulated sugar
¾ cup (170 g) firmly packed brown sugar (I used light brown packing sugar)
4 large eggs at room temperature
2 Tbs Amaretto (out of Amaretto, I replaced it with 2 Tbs Grand Marnier)
1 tsp vanilla
¾ cup (175 ml) milk
Place the chopped chocolate in a medium heatproof bowl and set the bowl over (not in) simmering water just until chocolate is almost melted, stirring with a silicone spatula or similar. Remove the bowl from the bain marie and stir until all the chocolate is completely melted and smooth. Allow to cool.
Preheat the oven to 350°F (180°C) with the rack in the lower third of the oven. Generously grease a 10-inch (25-cm) Bundt or other fluted tube pan with butter then dust with flour until evenly coated; tap out the excess flour.
Sift the flour, baking powder and salt into a bowl.
In a large mixing bowl, beat the softened butter with the two sugars on low speed just until blended; scrape down the sides then increase the mixer to medium speed and beat for 1 ½ to 2 minutes until fluffy, scraping down the sides of the bowl as needed. Beat in the eggs, one at a time, scraping down the sides after each egg is added, beating just until the egg is blended in. Add the Amaretto or Grand Marnier, the vanilla and the melted chocolate; beat for 2 minutes until the batter is light and creamy.
Reduce the mixer speed to low. Add the flour in 3 additions alternating with the milk in 2, starting and ending with the dry ingredients. Scrape down the bowl after each addition. Beat until smooth but no longer than 15 seconds. Pour into the prepared pan and spread evenly.
Bake for 45 to 50 minutes or until a toothpick inserted near the center comes out dry. The cake will just start to pull away from the sides. Cool for about 10 minutes in the pan on a wire cooling rack.
Loosen the cake in the pan using a metal spatula or long, thin-bladed knife. Place a wire cooling rack over the cake and invert; lift off the pan. Allow to cool completely.
Drizzle the cake with Chocolate Ganache or, more simply do as I did here, drizzle small amounts of melted white and dark chocolate over the top of the cake.


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UIC places a strong emphasis on academic excellence, providing an extraordinary education in the heart of a world-class city.
Fifteen academic colleges offer a broad range of undergraduate and graduate degrees, from the arts and architecture to business administration to dentistry and medicine. In fact, the UIC College of Medicine, which educates one in six Illinois physicians, is the largest in the nation.
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Chemistry / Psychology
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Academic Support
- Academic Center for Excellence
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© Copyright 2015 The Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois


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Find the perfect hotel in Watervliet using our hotel guide provided below. Find discounted hotel accommodations in or close to Watervliet, MI for your business or personal leisure travel. We list the best Watervliet Michigan hotel/motel rooms. Review the Watervliet hotel list below to find the perfect lodging. We also have a map of the Watervliet hotels. Coordinating a group? Get Watervliet Group Hotel DealsThe Watervliet center point is approximately 9 miles from Southwest Michigan Regional Airport and 9 miles from Lake Michigan College.
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2014 unit information
Please note that in Trimester 3 only, the Dance stream option and the Professional & Creative Writing stream option are not available.
Internship units are normally undertaken in third year (or equivalent) and are subject to completion of 6 units in the specific discipline major sequence. Students also require permission from the discipline supervisor:
Animation and Motion Capture: Adrian Bruch
Dance: Sally Gardner
Drama: Yoni Prior
Film and Television: Liz Baulch
Photography: Dan Armstrong
Professional and Creative Writing: Robin Freeman
Visual Arts: Cameron Bishop (Waurn Ponds), Simon Grennan (Burwood)
Visual Communication: Tonya Meyrick
AAV384, ACD321, ACM321, ACP321, ACV309, and ALW351
This is a Work Experience in Industry (WEI) unit, where the placement amounts to approximately 100 hours.
Internship units are normally undertaken in third year (or equivalent) and enrolment is subject to completion of specified prerequisite units and special application requirements. Interested students should look at the Faculty Student Mobility website information (http://www.deakin.edu.au/arts-ed/internships/) and are strongly advised to complete the pre internship modules: https://d2l.deakin.edu.au/login.asp?target=/d2l/lms/legacy/selfregistration.d2l?ou=6605 Once the modules are completed then contact the relevant discipline supervisor before making an application to enrol.
You will need to access substantial learning resources and experiences in CloudDeakin (Deakin's online learning environment). Compliance with the Standards in computing, connectivity and student capability are a condition on your enrolment.
A Creative Arts Internship is a placement in a supervised workplace. Internships may be undertaken across a range of creative arts industries. These disciplines include creative and professional writing, graphic arts, media arts, performing arts, and visual arts. Possible placements for an internship include: activities associated with creative arts industry sectors, corporate/government/community organizations, associations and practitioners involved in the fields of writing/publishing/editing, graphic design, dance/performance/theatre production, film, video, television, radio, sound, animation, web design, photography, visual arts, and communications/media. Students are responsible for researching and selecting a work placement, and then devising and negotiating a mutually agreed upon supervised project and/or a supervised position within a workplace environment.
During the Internship students will be required to:
• develop a profile of the organization or creative industry sector
• outline a sequence of specified tasks, develop a project/folio/product, and assess the process and • outcomes of the project and/or Internship experience through a written report and/or oral presentation.
Workplace Research 40% (1600 words or equivalent) This may include a combination of written research activities, such as an industry or organisation profile and/or practitioner interviews.
Project/activities report 60% (2400 words or equivalent) This may include a combination of a folio, presentation, performance, showreel, student journal or reflective essay.
Assessment requirements are tailored to specific creative industry sectors. Students are required to negotiate details of their assessments with their discipline supervisor.
* Rate for all CSP students, except for those who commenced Education and Nursing units pre 2010** Rate for CSP students who commenced Education and Nursing units pre 2010Please note: Unit fees listed do not apply to Deakin Prime students.


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Mixed Metal Bangle Set
Style # 210980
A sleek mix of silver and gold-plated bracelets make this bebe bangle set an instant way to add a sophisticated glam to your outfit. Try it alone or mix and match it with other bracelets.
- Metal
- Imported
Mixed Metal Bangle Set 1 1
Picture quality is poor The picture is not as it seem with the color. The actual bangle is sliver and gold not that pinkish color it look like and it has several separate bangle not one piece bangle. April 27, 2013
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Monday, July 7, 2014
The Dixie Youth Minors (9-10) district all-star tournament begins tonight at Hanahan's recreation fields behind Trident Tech.
It's an eight-team, double-elimination event, with the winner advancing to the state tournament.
Parks Field of Summerville and Ladson play at 6 p.m. on one field while Bonneau and Pepperhill also play at 6 p.m. on an adjacent field.
The Carolina League of Summerville and Moncks Corner play at 8 p.m. along with Hanahan and Park Circle on the other field.
The tournament is set to wind down on Saturday.
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Operetta by Johann Strauss
Gabriel von Eisenstein has played a nasty trick on his friend Dr. Falke. After a night of carousing, he left him in the lurch on a park bench, where, drunk and dressed in a bat costume, he proceeded to become the laughing stock of the neighbourhood. Dr. Falke has been out for revenge ever since. The opportunity arises at Prinz Orlofskys costume ball
Die Fledermaus (The Bat) is to this day the most popular operetta by Johann Strauss, and probably the genres most frequently performed work. A masterpiece by the Viennese Waltz King, chock-full of well-known melodies.
And with cabaret artist Tom Pauls as prison warden Frosch, the evening promises to be full of laughs.
shorttime changes in the evenings cast possible due to illness and force majeure


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Europe and of the modern world was forever
changed by the outbreak of the French Revolution.
Whether that change was for good or ill remains the
subject of keen dispute-both intellectually and
politically. To plumb the causes and effects of that
momentous Revolution and to weigh its good and
bad qualities, the Marian Miner Cook Athenaeum
joins with the Henry Salvatori Center in launching a
series of expert talks on the French Revolution.
"In Defense of the Republic of Virtue" is Katherine
Auspitz's theme on Tuesday, February 6. A spirited
lecturer, Auspitz has taught at Wellesley College and
Harvard University, where she was associate professor and head tutor in social studies. She has written
extensively on 18th- and 19th-century France, including a book on The Radical Bourgeoisie: The Ligne de L'Enseignement and the Origins of the Third Republic, 1866-1885 (1982) and her
forthcoming study, Exporting Revolution: French and
Foreign Jacobins, 1792-1815. Besides her academic
credentials-she is a magna cum laude graduate of
Radcliffe College, a Fulbright scholar, and a Harvard
Ph.D. in government-Auspitz has taken a practical
interest in civic virtue by serving as chairman of the
Board of Election Commissioners of Somerville,
Please join us for dinner by filling out the coupon.
Dr. Auspitz's address begins at 7:00 p.m.