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Friday, December 12, 2008
Anti-Semitism, Israel, and the INGBs
Anyway Nick raised his hand and asked why, if I was so accepting of homosexuality, I felt it necessary to qualify most every statement by announcing my heterosexuality. It was, I'm afraid, a perfectly good question, and one of the most direct hits against me in my educational career. I didn't have much to say, but I choked out some lame joke to save face. ("I'm not gay, but I'm pretty sure you're an asshole," I believe.) Couldn't really rebut him, because he was right. (In my defense, it was high school.)
Since then, as much because of the embarrassment of being vulnerable in that way as because of the fact that it was a good point, I take care when I write about gay rights and gay marriage not to spend every other sentence assuring my readership of my heterosexuality. Because it does contribute to the impression that homosexuality is some shame to be denied, and also because, well, who gives a shit? If my ideas and arguments are salient, they are salient regardless of my personal connection to the issue, and I should be smart enough to construct an argument for gay marriage or gay rights that doesn't require my being gay. We have a distressing habit in this country of privileging individual experience over superior logic or evidence, and to our detriment, I think. One of the simple facts of democracy is that people are going to have to make decisions that impact other people's lives, even if they have no real understanding of what it's like to live those other lives. It's inevitable. I do succumb to the temptation, sometimes, but I try to avoid it, and in particular I don't invoke certain aspects of my life history in political argument, for fear of appealing to emotion or individual experience. So anyway, no INGBs ("I'm not gay, but"s) from me.
I was thinking about that when considering this recent post on Israel. Commenter Roque Nuevo has been taking me to task in the comments, with some reasonable questions and some not. He has not, to his credit, accused me of anti-Semitism, but he has made the kind of vague appeals in that direction that you find constantly in this discussion. ("Who but an anti-Semite....") It's got me thinking, as I often do when Israel comes up, about an aspect of the Israeli conversation that is similar, a sort of INGB for discussing Israel. I don't personally spend a ton of time when talking about Israel assuring everyone involved that I am not an anti-Semite. I don't because I don't think it's necessary; the idea that anyone who is critical of certain aspects of Israeli policy must spend half his time denying anti-Semitisim merely plays into the notion that there is something inherently hateful towards Jews in that kind of criticism. That is not true. Israel, a governmental, political body, must be subject to criticism, as any nation-state must, particularly since our strategic alliance makes us investors in the Israeli state. To act as though there is something essentially anti-Semitic in valid criticism of Israel is to give the whole enterprise away, to concede to the most wrong-headed and unfair aspect of our debate about Israel.
I equally feel that there is something ugly in that kind of oft-repeated caveat. It's like the old statement "some of my best friends are black;" even when true, there's something kind of gross about it. And, as much as we should remain open to the very real possibility that any particular debater has what we would consider bigoted attitudes, the assumption should be that they don't. Alan Jacobs wrote very brilliantly about things that should go without saying (look in the comments of that post). It should go without saying that my criticism of the status quo in Israel isn't a product of hatred of Jews. The conflation of Israel and the Jewish people, it seems to me, is a mistake that is made by both zealous supporters of the Zionist mission, and zealous opponents of it. We should avoid that temptation.
But, look, maybe it doesn't go without saying that I am not an anti-Semite. Maybe criticism of Israel is just bound and determined to invite such accusations, whether that's logical or not, and I should make more of an effort to demonstrate, when I talk about Israel, that my opinions are based on both humanitarian/democratic principle, and on my genuine beliefs about what will produce the best outcomes for Israel. So look: my opposition to the continued occupation of Palestine and various Israeli policies therein is based on my belief in democracy. It is simply a crisis for democracy and humanitarianism for a group of people to live within the bounds of control of a nation and be given neither voting rights nor their own, self-determining country. You can solve this problem in one of two ways: you can incorporate the Palestinians in the territories into Israel, with full citizenship and voting rights, a one-state solution. Or you can give the Palestinian territories actual sovereignty and self-determination, with all that entails, a two-state solution. That's what my vision of human rights requires. It also helps that, in my opinion, a resolution to this conflict will be the best vehicle to lasting peace for the Israeli people.
Roque mocked my referring to the Israeli project, but I actually find that an appropriate choice of words. Israel, more than any other nation, is really a project, a mission. The question of whether I support that mission is dependent on how you define it. What exactly the Zionist mission entails is of course a matter of profound disagreement, certainly beyond my ability to divine a proper answer. So am I a Zionist? It depends. I absolutely support the continued prosperity and peace of the state of Israel. The physical security of Israel is non-negotiable. I absolutely denounce any violence against the state of Israel. It's a non-starter. My vision of Israel, though, is a secular state. I don't believe in fundamental religious characters for countries; that is simply contrary to my beliefs in democracy. No Muslim states, no Christian states, no Jewish states, if the world lived according to my preference. As important, Israel has to be a state that extends completely equal rights to non-Jews as Jews. Again, that's just a function of my vision of liberal democracy. Israel should always be welcoming of Jews from around the world as a home and place of safety. But everyone within must be equal. (That's a vision that Israel has satisfied completely, regarding non-Jewish citizens; but work remains to be done, of course, with the dispossessed Palestinian population.)
For some people, denying the Jewish character of the Israeli state makes the idea of a homeland for Jews nonsensical. I don't agree. Some people think that for the Zionist project to be really fulfilled, Israel has to be a religious state. We are not going to agree. But we can admit that our disagreement has nothing to do with hatred of Jews, and I equally think that we can admit that reasonable people can have reasonable disagreements about what the best course of action is for the Israeli state.
I continue to resist the idea that I should be making caveats about my abhorrence of anti-Semitism every time I post about Israel. But I don't know. Maybe I really should be doing that, as untoward as it seems to me. It's important to say that there are of course crucial differences between denying homosexuality and denying anti-Semitism. Anti-Semitism is a noxious evil, while homosexuality is nothing of the kind. Confusion about someone's sexual identity can have at worst certain socially awkward situations. Confusion about someone's stance on Jews and anti-Semitism can have much more damaging consequences. Certainly, there remains a hard-core of virulent and corrosive anti-Semitism in the world, and yes, it is particularly a problem within the Arab world.
But these facts remain: it remains true that acting as if critics of certain Israel policies are required to spend half their time denying anti-Semitism essentially confirms the notion that there is something hateful towards Jews in any criticism of Israel. It remains true that there is something self-undermining and troubling in a person constantly stating that they are not anti-Semitic, just as there is something untoward in the person who constantly assures you that he is not an anti-black racist. Perhaps most importantly, just saying it, of course, means very little, and while I can assure you repeatedly that I have no animus against Jews within me, ultimately it's my conduct and my ideas that have to carry the day. The ultimate question, if this is to be a discourse of use and pragmatics rather than one of emotionality, is whether my opinions about what is best for Israel actually produce the best possible outcomes for that country. So I remain uncomfortable with constantly disavowing anti-Semitism when discussing Israel. But I could be wrong; it may be that the terrible history of anti-Semitism requires that I take a more proactive role in denying the very real and very destructive reality of anti-Jewish hatred. I remain open to the possibilty.
13 comments:
- Moff said...
For what it's worth, I don't think you're wrong (especially about how a constant refrain of "I don't hate the Jews" would start to come off as protesting too much). The conflation of any criticism of Israel with anti-Semitism has always baffled me. I asked a very smart, politically minded, New York–native Jewish girlfriend about it once, and she said, "It's a thing."
- December 12, 2008 at 3:07 PM
- E.D. Kain said...
Two things:
First, I think some of the sensitivity to this is due to the historical nature of anti-Semitism, and to the very real anti-Semitism present in many discussions about Israel. Sadly, when reasonable, responsible criticism is offered up, some people either equate it with the real anti-Semitism, or use this as a reason to shut down all conversation on the subject. I think you see this sort of thing when tackling such sensitive, controversial issues.
Second, I don't think that Israel needs to remain a "religious" state or a predominantly Jewish state to remain a home to the Jews...but...the Palestinians haven't really made the case that should they reach majority status they'd in any way be inclined to treat the Jews well at all. See, that's the problem. You've got at the head of the Palestinian nationalist movement some really, really nasty people. Thugs, gangsters, killers, and zealots.
So it's simply not an easy thing to tackle. Initially, of course, the Zionists were basically socialists and atheists and didn't really care so much about the religious aspect of Israel (and looked at Jerusalem, quite frankly, with more than a little disdain) but all that changed as one war was followed by another was followed by a couple of intifadahs and so on and so forth.
The best laid plans, as they say...
- December 12, 2008 at 6:09 PM
- Freddie said...
Second, I don't think that Israel needs to remain a "religious" state or a predominantly Jewish state to remain a home to the Jews...but...the Palestinians haven't really made the case that should they reach majority status they'd in any way be inclined to treat the Jews well at all.
Which is a good argument for a two state solution. But one way or another, the status quo cannot stand. You can't have an ethnic group living under the control of a different ethnic group with no enfranchisement and no ability to gain it. That's just a disaster for democracy, and for human rights.
- December 12, 2008 at 6:12 PM
- EdgarBox said...
so, by your logic kain, obama shouldnt be inclined to treat white folk right? or a black person decendent from slaves in a position of power.
Once palistienians get equal rights, they will probably just want to live their lives and not send any more of their sons to be killed, just for revenge's sake.
- December 12, 2008 at 7:20 PM
- Roque Nuevo said...
It wouldn't occur to me to accuse you of anti Semitism, which is why I didn't do it. If I thought you were an anti Semite, I wouldn't even be here in the first place.
I most certainly did not make any vague appeals in that direction, like you say I did. I said that if one defines the Zionist project like you do--establishing a home for Jews, etc--then only an anti Semite or a crank could possibly criticize it. We agree that Jews have the right to establish a state of their own. Anyone who disagrees is an anti Semite or a crank.
Saying that specific policies of the government of Isreal can and should be criticized without anyone's being accused of anti Semitism is banal. Everyone does it all the time.
It wasn't my intention to mock your use of the term "Zionist project." I wouldn't say this myself but I don't find anything "mockable" in it other than wordiness. Saying "Zionism" works just as well as "Zionist project."
There is an important fact about anti Semitism that you possibly are not really aware of, although you do skirt around the edges. Allow me: back in Nazi Germany there were different "styles" of Jew-hatred (to give it a word). These can be called "polite" and "vulgar" anti Semitism. The "vulgar" style is well-known from publications such as Der Sturmer. "Vulgar" anti Semites had a rabid hatred for Jews, to the point where they couldn't even be in the same room with a Jew. In "polite" society this wasn't accepted. "Polite" Germans could associate with Jews and even count them among their friends and associates without feeling the least repugnance. But they still agreed with the "vulgar" anti Semites that the Jews were a malevolent force that had to be vanquished for world peace. They accepted somehow the Elders of Zion theory that Jews were behind every war, economic depression, etc etc in history. At the same time, they could truthfully say that they did not hate Jews and even that "some of their best friends were Jews." You should read Language of the Third Reich by Victor Klemperer for an inside view of this phenomenon.
With respect to Israel and Jews today these two "styles" continue to exist. The "vulgar style" continues as before--the property of vulgar and ignorant people. But "polite anti Semitism" of the Elders type has been foreclosed to polite society by the Nazi defeat itself. Therefore it has evolved. Polite people can truthfully say that they do not hate Jews and some of their best friends...etc etc while at the same time holding views like the following:
Jewish elites in the United States have enjoyed enormous prosperity. From this combination of economic and political power has sprung, unsurprisingly, a mindset of Jewish superiority. Wrapping themselves in the mantle of The Holocaust, these Jewish elites pretend—and, in their own solipsistic universe, perhaps imagine themselves—to be victims, dismissing any and all criticism as manifestations of "anti-Semitism." And, from this lethal brew of formidable power, chauvinistic arrogance, feigned (or imagined) victimhood, and Holocaust-immunity to criticism has sprung a terrifying recklessness and ruthlessness on the part of American Jewish elites. Alongside Israel, they are the main formentors of anti-Semitism in the world today. Coddling them is not the answer. They need to be stopped.--Norman Finkelstein, Beyond Chutzpah
In no way can something like this be called "criitcism" of the government of Israel as we understand it. The main elements of the Elders theory are here: Jews blamed for anti Semitism itself; Jews controlling the media; Jews acting as a cabal. Especially somehow blaming Jews for being successful, as if their achievements are at the expense of "real" Americans and the result of some imagined manipulation of the "system."
This was the same attitude that generated the Elders theory in the first place. When Jews were included as citizens in Europe after the French Revolution and the apartheit-like laws against them were overturned, they ended up being over-represented in the professions, in academia, and in business. How can these people, who had been oppressed as second-class citizens throughout history have possibly managed to come out on top? There must be some explanation, and there certainly is. But this explanation involves the history of Europe, the history of the Jews, and who knows what other things like economics and politics. It's complicated. People like Finklestein and many others can resolve this problem in a very simple way. This appeals to ignorant people because it means that they don't really have to think about anything or much less, learn anything. All they have to know is one thing: Jews are evil; they control governments, media, and the economy. That's why someone's mom-and-pop store goes broke (Jews own the big department stores) and so forth.
Anti-Americanism is very similiar in Mexico (where I live). People do not hate gringos--in fact they're unfailingly courteous and open. But gringos as a nation are evil--they control everything, they're responsible for all of the world's ills and so forth. Deep in their cultural psyche, Mexicans cannot accept a Protestant nation becoming the continent's and then the world's greatest power. Mexico itself was destined for that role by God. After all, the virgin manifested herself to a Mexican in the sixteenth century--the Virgin of Guadalupe, whose celebration is today. (If you know a Mexican, take him or her to lunch and he or she will be your friend)I'm exaggerating for effect, of course. No Mexican would openly espouse such views, but they have been propagated by such cultural icons as José Vasconcelos.
We agree that theocracies are repugnant. But I say that if it's their state and they want a theocracy, then they should have one as long as they don't violate anyone else's rights. This goes for Jews and Muslims. Israel is proof that a theocracy does not have to be a dictatorsip, like Iran.
Your opinions about the one-state vs the two-state solution for the problem of Israel/Palestine are really irrelevent. International consensus is for the two-state solution and has been since the '47 partition of the British mandate. There were some people who advocated the one-state solution in the past, but they disappeared after the anti-Jewish riots of the 1920s. Today, the one-state solution is proposed as a way to destroy the state of Israel, therefore I think one would be justified in calling such people anti Semites, unless they're simply ignorant of the realities of the region. This ignorance is not a crime either. It's what was behind the Balfour declaration back in 1919. Balfour was a very smart man and a leader in the British government. He couldn't see any reason that Jews and Arabs couldn't share a state without prejudicing the rights of the other. That's what they do in Britain, so why not? Today, there's simply no reason to go over this again.
You seem to blame Israel that a group of people ... live within the bounds of control of a nation and be given neither voting rights nor their own, self-determining country. You say that Israel "occupies" the West Bank. While I can't say that this is false, it needs a lot of nuance to make it accord with history. Arabs were alloted much more territory on the West Bank in '47 than they could ever get today but they refused it. After the '48-'49 war, Jordan "occupied" the West Bank and nobody was protesting. Why not? After the '67 war, Israel "occupied" it. But their offers to withdraw in exchange for peace were rejected by the famous "three noes" of the Arab League conference: no negotiation, no peace, no Israel. Something like that. Yes, we do agree that it's a crying shame what has happened to Palestinians. But Arabs must share the blame with Israel according to any rational view of history.
- December 12, 2008 at 7:42 PM
- Freddie said...
Palestinians are not responsible for the conduct of Jordanians or Egyptians or Syrians. It is a pretty cruel thing to ask a Palestinian twelve year old to live with the consequence of the actions of the Jordanian government from decades ago.
- December 12, 2008 at 8:05 PM
- Freddie said...
Or, I should say, to ask them to be accountable for those actions.
- December 12, 2008 at 8:06 PM
- EdgarBox said...
Let me counter the idea that opposing the right of jews to create a state is an anti-semite. Say i opposed the basques getting thier own state, its not because i hate the basque people. its because i though it might create too much strife in the region, or i thought that they didnt have a legitimate claim to that land or they only comprised a minorty of the population of that region and it wouldnt be just to the other people living there, if there was a theocratic basque-catering state.
I dont think that the state of israel should have been created. does that make me an anti-semite. no. do i think israel has a "right to exist" , well i guess, they DO exist, and even if i think they got there improperly, they have been there long enough that they they have legitimized themselves. And as to the argument that they needed a state to protect them from another holocaust, that not a good enough reason to steal someones land. (yes i know the brits owned it, but for all intensive purposes its was the palestienian's at that point
SO, i dont oppose the idea of jews forming their own state in thoery, but but its realizaion, in the state of israel is not some that i can support.
- December 12, 2008 at 11:47 PM
- Roque Nuevo said...
Edgar Box is either anti Semitic--in the "polite society" sense I have explained, or he is ignorant. Note how he blames Jews for the problems that result from Jew-hatred. He implies that if the Jews hadn't gone to Palestine, we wouldn't have such problems there as exist today. Therefore, the problem isn't Jew-hatred among Muslims. It's the fact that the Jews exist.
Jews were living in Palestine and the Middle East long before the so-called Palestinians were there. Long before Islam was invented. After the fall of the Ottoman Empire many national states were created. Why should a state for the Jews be such an exception?
He says, "And as to the argument that they needed a state to protect them from another holocaust, that not a good enough reason to steal someones land." They did not steal anything from anyone. They went to Palestine with the full approval of the Ottoman authorites and bought the land from its rightful owners. They established a center of development in a former hell-hole of disease and poverty, thereby attracting Arabs to Palestine. The only argument for the "theft" of the land is based on Islam: Palestine was given to Muslims by god and it's a crime for it to be under Jewish rule. So either Edgar Box is a Muslim or he's a useful idiot fro Muslim extremists.
It wasn't up to Edgar Box to determine how to make Jews safe from future Holocausts. The Jews decided that for themselves. If it were up to the likes of Edgar Box to decide, then Jews would no longer exist on earth.
- December 13, 2008 at 12:52 PM
- Roque Nuevo said...
Freddie: I am most certainly not blaming Palestinians for their own dispossession. "Palestinians" didn't even exist as a national group in 1947. I'm blaming the Arabs who have never done anything to create a state for them. They could have done so in 1947 and after. They could do so today. Instead, they prefer to maintain them in "refugee" status as blackmail.
- December 13, 2008 at 12:55 PM
"Note how he blames Jews for the problems that result from Jew-hatred. He implies that if the Jews hadn't gone to Palestine, we wouldn't have such problems there as exist today. Therefore, the problem isn't Jew-hatred among Muslims. It's the fact that the Jews exist."
Roque, Why do some muslims hate jews? Is it because they are ignorant and intolerent? yes. IS it because many european jews came to palestien and it looked like colonization from a forgien power all over again, and also that they burnt palestinain villages? yes, that too. Of coarse im saying that we wouldnt have the promblems we have today if israel wasnt created, that my whole point. Agnain im not saying that jew shouldnt be able to do create their own state, im saying that they did it badly. I think jew-hatred is a promblem, some of it is based on real grienvances some is not. But you seem to assume that non of i t has any basis in reality.
"Jews were living in Palestine and the Middle East long before the so-called Palestinians were there."
Right, and then they left or got expelled. and that was wrong, but then the palestinans were their for a long time. The "so-called palestinians", way to call it Roque!
" After the fall of the Ottoman Empire many national states were created. Why should a state for the Jews be such an exception?"
Well yes the british created many states after WWI. And yes with much lobbying from an influencial zionist community in england evenually, what would have been the palestinian state got divided into two states. While the whole time, jew were illegally immigrating into the territory.
"He says, "And as to the argument that they needed a state to protect them from another holocaust, that not a good enough reason to steal someones land." They did not steal anything from anyone."
Really, they never stole land from anyone. Give me a fucking break.
"They went to Palestine with the full approval of the Ottoman authorites and bought the land from its rightful owners. "
Well thatts great, full aproval from a tyrannical empire. "and bought land from it rightful owners" , ok, nothing to see here, moving on..
"They established a center of development in a former hell-hole of disease and poverty, thereby attracting Arabs to Palestine."
See, the palestinains werent even there in the first place because they hated their land. Fuck your center of development, for it sits upon the rubble of burnt palestinain villages.
"The only argument for the "theft" of the land is based on Islam: Palestine was given to Muslims by god and it's a crime for it to be under Jewish rule. So either Edgar Box is a Muslim or he's a useful idiot fro Muslim extremists."
The only argument for "theft" of the land is based on Judesim: Israel was given to the Jews by god and its a crime for it to be under muslim rule....I dont know your both fucking crazy. So either your a useful idiot for radical zionist zelots or ignorant. What if i was muslim, would i automatically have to actually belive all the crap that you are tieing to me? Stop hating.
"It wasn't up to Edgar Box to determine how to make Jews safe from future Holocausts. The Jews decided that for themselves. If it were up to the likes of Edgar Box to decide, then Jews would no longer exist on earth."
Wooooah, ok maybe i was going to far here, but your going completely crazy, now i apparent want to kill every jew. Wow, Freddie, please take control here
- December 13, 2008 at 4:00 PM
- Roque Nuevo said...
As always, debunking ignorance takes a lot more space than the original ignorance. Sorry about being so long, but it's not all my fault. It's part of my job to fight ignorance wherever I find it. I have no expectations at all the Edgar Box will learn anything, but it's possible that someone else could read this thread with an open mind and do so.
The main point first: Of coarse im saying that we wouldnt have the promblems we have today if israel wasnt created, that my whole point.
And you can't see how you're blaming the victim here? Blaming the Jews for bringing down prejudice and discrimination on themselves is the hallmark of Jew-hatred from the beginning. You must be blind. The Jews went to Palestine with all the right in the world to do so. If Muslims rejected them, then it's the Muslims' fault for the conflict, not the Jews. Anyhow, maybe an analogy would help you. Say black people buy some property in a neighborhood and build a business there. People in the neighborhood hate black people because they're not like them and besides their business is making a lot more money than they do. So they attack them. Blacks defend themselves and so on. Then you come along and say that the problem is the black people's fault because if they hadn't decided to build their business in that neighborhood, there wouldn't be any problem. Therefore, the solution is for them to leave the neighborhood.
Roque, Why do some muslims hate jews? Is it because they are ignorant and intolerent? yes. IS it because many european jews came to palestien and it looked like colonization from a forgien power all over again, and also that they burnt palestinain villages? Jew-hatred has many sources. Any explanation would take much more space than I can use here. But you pretty-much answered it yourself: Muslims are ignorant and intolerant. The same reason that whites hate blacks or blacks hate whites or straight people hate gays. But that's a question-begging answer. You need more detail. First, you must distinguish between "traditional" and "modern" Jew-hatred. "Traditional" Jew-hatred was and is based on the Koran, which contains many examples of Jew-hatred as practiced and preached by Mohammed. Traditionally, Jews were allowed to live under Islamic law, which mandates an apartheid-like system for Jews, Christians, Zoroastrians, and other "people of the book" as Mohammed called them. Others--i.e., polytheists--must convert or die.
Traditional Jew-hatred in the Christian world was based on the fact that the Jews killed Christ. Primitive people believed in "blood guilt" so all those ancient Jews' descendants shared the guilt. Primitive people believed that god controlled every little detail of nature and life so any problem must be because god willed it. Primitive people believed that to be free of problems, one must be in harmony with god's will. So problems result from people's being out of whack with respect to god's will. It was and is easy to blame the Jews for causing this lack of harmony so exterminating them was the logical solution. Legends were created that Jews poisoned the wells to cause the plague, ate babies and drank human blood as part of their rituals and so forth. It was difficult to accept a group who openly rejected Christ and still prospered and were happy. Therefore, assuming some foul play was how they could and can explain the happiness and prosperity of the Jews without having to examine their own lives to see what they were doing wrong that prevented them from achieving the same happiness and prosperity as the Jews.
Modern Jew-hatred is European in origin. It's the Protocols-type Jew-hatred. This means the belief that Jews form a cohesive group that attacks Muslims (and Europeans, in the original version), controls the world's governments, the media, the economy, causes all the wars, depressions, and revolutions in the modern era, and so forth. This "modern" version was imported into the Middle East by the Nazis in the '30s and '40s. One of their agents was the Grand Mufti of Jerusalem. Nazis were instrumental in founding the Ba'ath party as well.
As in the Christian world, you have to consider simple resentment and scapegoating as well in your explanation. Jews were supposed to live as second-class citizens according to Mohammed. Since they established their own state and it's much more powerful and prosperous than Muslim ones, ignorant people will look for some explanation. They won't want to find it in their own cultures, so they will blame the other for gaming the system somehow.
As for the burnt palestinain villages and the real grienvances, this is true. There has been a very dirty war going on there for over a hundred years. If a loved one is killed, this creates "real grievances." If someone's brother or father or child is killed then their family will hate the group responsible. That's just human nature. The burning villages are just one side of a war that has been waged by dirty means. There are examples of how the Arabs and Palestinians use the same dirty tactics. Yet one can take this "cycle of violence" explanation too far. The root of the problem is Arab Jew-hatred. I don't assume that any of this is not real. I just say that it's not legitimate.
Well yes the british created many states after WWI. And yes with much lobbying from an influencial zionist community in england evenually, what would have been the palestinian state got divided into two states. While the whole time, jew were illegally immigrating into the territory.
The Balfour Declaration is from 1919. It states the British intention to create a homeland for Jews, without prejudice to the Arabs, on their "mandate." It's true that the Jewish lobby was responsible for this. Jews in Palestine had fought the Ottoman armies in WWI; Lord Rothschield was an important Jewish financier in England and he was a leader of the Zionist movement. But the Arabs had their own lobby—remember Lawrence of Arabia? They had also fought the Ottoman armies in WWI. The idea was for them to share the territory. But you should know that the territory I'm referring to here—in 1919—was today's Jordan, the West Bank, and Israel. The British later partitioned this territory into what became Jordan, Israel, and the West Bank.
The "jew" was violating British law by immigrating during and after WWII—not before—because they had nowhere else to go if they didn't want to stay in Europe where their families had just been systematically murdered and their property stolen from them. Still, for obvious reasons, there was no significant immigration during the war years. To hold them responsible for being law-breakers at this point is the same as admitting that you're an anti-Semite—in the "polite society" sense I've explained above.
I use the term "so-called Palestinians" to refer to Arabs who lived in the area before anyone ever thought there was such a thing as a Palestinian nation. To call these people "Palestinians" when talking about any period before the 1960s is an historical fallacy. It would be like calling the people living in Central America before 1821 "Mexicans." Mexico didn't exist until 1821. They were called "Arabs" back then, as they had been for centuries. The so-called Palestinian demand was originally that the state of Israel, along with the West Bank, be annexed to Syria. That was how the territory had been divided under the Ottomans.
The Jews as a group never left or got expelled from Palestine, even after the Roman conquest, although many Jews did leave or were expelled. I have no idea of how many were in either group and I don't think you do either. Some stayed. But they didn't have their own state anymore. That's the whole point of the "Zionist project" as Freddie likes to call it.
Well thatts great, full aproval from a tyrannical empire. "and bought land from it rightful owners" , ok, nothing to see here, moving on..
The Ottomans weren't all that tyrannical, like Saddam Hussein or Stalin. They were a monarchy but people still had some basic freedoms, like land ownership. It was tyrannical enough to require that Jews get permission to by it, though. They couldn't just hand over the money and get a contract without the approval of the grand vizier. So they did. But then they bought it legally from its rightful owners. Another way to put it is that the so-called Palestinians sold the land to Jews, with government approval.
This doesn't explain how the Jews acquired all the territory in today's state of Israel. I never said it did. I was talking about how the Jews immigrated to Palestine from Europe before WWI. Later, of course, Israel acquired territory by wars. These wars were always defensive—Arabs attacked the state of Israel to destroy it. Considering this, it's only fair that if a country, or a group of countries, attack another one, then the losers should pay some kind of price for losing. This has happened all the time and nobody thinks of it as "stealing." For example, when Germany lost WWI, they lost the Rhineland to France. Back then, this was thought of as being only fair.
I admit that there were people ethnically-cleansed by Israel during the '48-'49 war. I agree that this should be called "stealing." But ethnic cleansing was going on all over Europe in the post WWII period. For example, millions of ethnic Germans were expelled from Czechoslovakia. This doesn't justify Israel doing it, though it does put it in an historical context. These people—and their descendants—deserve compensation. This is what the UN resolutions call a "just solution" for the refugee problem. In 2000, Israel offered to give this compensation as well as to receive some 300,000 refugees. The Palestinian answer was "no." No counter offer. Just plain "no." The reason for this is found in Islamic law. It's a sin to sell so-called Islamic land to an infidel. Get it?
Fuck your center of development, for it sits upon the rubble of burnt palestinain villages.
I was talking about the so-called second wave of Jewish immigration to Palestine—before WWI—as my use of the term "Ottoman authorities" makes clear for any reader. In the nineteenth century, Palestine was known to one and all in the terms I've used. It had been neglected for centuries.
Jews established themselves in the coastal areas and in the north of today's state of Israel. These were relatively uninhabited until the Jews got there. Tel Aviv is an example of how they created a center of development. The Jews built it on top of a coastal swamp. This kind of development attracts people for the opportunities. Arabs were attracted. Therefore, some so-called Palestinians came there after the Jews. I have no idea about the precise numbers of people I'm talking about and neither does anyone else. Data simply don't exist.
The only argument for "theft" of the land is based on Judesim: Israel was given to the Jews by god and its a crime for it to be under muslim rule....
It's true that traditional Jewish belief includes Israel being the so-called promised land. It's in the bible, after all. Jews all over the world raised their glasses on Passover and said, "Next year in Jerusalem." But, you may be surprised to know, truly orthodox Jews do not recognize the state of Israel, even though they live there. In their reading of the bible, "next year" means that the Jews will return to Jerusalem at the end of time, at judgement day, etc etc.
Nobody ever believed that it was as crime to live under Muslim rule. Jews had been doing that for centuries. But for sure, Jews today everywhere believe that it's dangerous—to the point of being suicidal—to live under Muslim rule.
Zionism was and is a political movement. You can think of it as the Jewish version of nationalism. Like in all nationalistic movements, there is a legendary, or religious, aspect to it. But this doesn't change their essentially political nature, because they are about power and how to use it. There are a lot of non observant and even atheist Jews in Israel. Don't ask me how they stand it. I couldn't… because it's a theocracy.
ok maybe i was going to far here, but your going completely crazy, now i apparent want to kill every jew.
I didn't mean to imply that you wanted to exterminate the Jews. I only meant that if things had gone your way, Jews wouldn't have a state anywhere. I agree with the Zionists that without a state of their own, Jews face unacceptable risks to their security. I thought it was obvious that I was exaggerating when I said that they probably wouldn't exist on earth.
Wow, Freddie, please take control here
I second the motion.
- December 14, 2008 at 12:04 AM
I agree that Israel should fully respect the rights of all its citizens, and refrain from imposing religion on any one.
For the record, I don't think people realize that Arab-Israelis, as well as the Ultra-Orthodox are the two unique groups that 1) don't have to fight in the army and 2) receive a vastly disproportionate of government funds, in comparison to their contribution to government revenue. I understand why both groups might not want to fight in the military. However, neither group participates in Israel's national volunteering program, which is a robust and widespread alternative to the army, offered to people who cannot or choose not to participate in the military for a number of reasons. In other words, Israel-Arabs (not Palestinians) and the Ultra-Orthodox are unfairly priveleged minorities.
While I agree that Israel should not be a theocracy, this does not mean that it simply need be a "state of Jews." Ben-Gurion was an atheist, yet mandated that the Old Testament be taught in every public school as a historical and cultural document. Holidays are celebrated with festivals, ceremonial candle lighting, and the like. The problem to me has less to do with the Jewish things that the government does on Jewish holidays, but the things that it forbids others from doing (i.e. selling unleavened bread on Passover). The interesting discussion is not the whole Jewish State/State of Jews dichotomy, but more about the nuances of what is cultural and historical vs. what is religous. These are difficult issues when one considers Jews not just a religion, but an ethnic group with a cultural history independent from theism.
- December 17, 2008 at 2:01 AM


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The rich spices and texture of authentic Mexican dishes were the inspiration for the menu at 100% de Agave. Every item has origins in the heart of Jalisco also known as Tequila country. Come in and …
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subset: commoncrawl


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McFarlane Toys will be on site again at this year's NBA All-Star Jam in conjunction with the NBA All-Star Game in Denver, CO. The Jam will be held at the Colorado Convention Center in downtown Denver. The dates of the Jam are Feb. 17-21.
Like last year, we'll be offering an exclusive McFarlane Toys action figure for sale at the event and it's one Denver fans are sure to enjoy. The figure?Carmelo Anthony, Denver Nuggets F, No. 15. Figure features Anthony in the Nuggets Hardwood Classics jersey. Includes custom base and event-exclusive packaging.We will produce 4,000 exclusive Carmelo Anthony figures for the event. They will cost $15 each at the NBA All-Star Jam and purchase limits will be strictly enforced. More specific information on purchase limits will be available here before the show, along with photography of the new figure.
For more information on the All-Star Jam, including hours and tickets, please visit: http://www.nba.com/jamsession/


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ORANGEBURG South Carolina State University students didnt seem to be as bothered Thursday by the indictments and pleas entered in federal courts in the state as they were by how the scandal would affect academics.
Spring semester begins for students Monday, and they were busy Thursday planning coursework, not preoccupied by courtroom dealings.
On campus, students were concerned about the outcome of the indictments, but some said the school itself remains separate.
Akeem Brown, 20, said he knew very little about the specifics.
Our stomachs are in knots because we want to know whats been going on, Brown said. But our university is a university, not a circus. Our goal is to simply do what our parents sent us here to do, and thats to graduate.
Brown, a junior, serves as the Student Government Associations chief of staff.
He said he was confident in the schools interim president and current administration, certain that many of the schools issues left with the recent resignations and terminations of several faculty and board members.
We know the issue is no longer here on campus, Brown said.
Some spoke of the colleges declining enrollment in recent years and related it to ongoing turmoil surrounding the school and the James E. Clyburn University Transportation Center.
Brown said he is not as worried about the school losing its accreditation as some of his classmates are.
No, its not a worry of mine. My president has assured me that shell take every step possible to ensure that our accreditation is not lost. And that is her job, and the board should not interfere with that, Brown said.
Senior Darreshia Mivens, 23, said the school had a large meeting to quell student concerns. But, she said, she knows several freshmen and sophomores who are considering transferring, wary of what the next few years may bring.
As a senior Im thinking the same thing, she said. I want to hurry up and graduate before it could affect my degree.
I just hope that we get past this and they do everything they can to restore the universitys reputation, said Brandon Lowery, a 21-year-old junior.
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When I had my son the high risk Doctor that came in my hospital room to tell me I had preeclampsia and talk to me and my husband was such a nice Doctor and I remember him being incredibly honest, smart and informative. Today I met with him after seeing 4 other high risk Doctors. I have had such a hard time feeling comfortable about conceiving because I have been so scared. The 4 high risk Doctors that I met with I felt no connection too. The Doctors gave me the facts and the go ahead, but didn't seem to care about my fear or concerns I kind of felt like (just another patient).
Today I met with the 5th high risk Doctor (the one I met when I had my son) and I felt such a good connection with him. I felt like he really addressed my concerns. I told him I am afraid to die and that is what is keeping me from moving forward with trying ttc when I really want to. He made me feel so comfortable and he told me that he promises me that I will absolutely not die. He explained to me that that is what happens to women that don't get prenatal care or obviouly really bad prenantal care. He said I would be watched and monitered so very closely and it's a good thing that we know I am at high risk for preeclampsia because obviously they will be watching for that my whole pregnancy. He explained to me that when someone does get sick it's usually the same time or later and he explained to me that generally about 80% of his patients that had PE did not get it again.
I am so happy that I met up with this Dr again and I can't believe that I can actually feel as comfortable ttc as I do. It definitly helps to find a Dr that you are comfortable with because I really trust this man. He also told me his wife had PE with their first kid, but not the next 2 kids. I am so happy because I feel like I can bring another child in this world and not be so scared.
He also made me realize that while going on website's like these forums are great for support, but we also see some worst case scenarios that scare the crap out of us. When most of the time Mom's and babies do well even when they have PE.


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See other Singapore properties
Madras Hotel Eminence
Real Reviews
Real reviews from fellow travellers
These are trusted reviews from guests who have actually stayed here. We hope you find them helpful.
Note: we only give a property a rating once it has received a minimum of 3 reviews.
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- " Good value for the price. Clean, well located. Small rooms but the necessary is there. "
- 29 Jan 2015 Nathalie France
- " Staff were friendly with their 2 beautiful dogs. Rooms were clean and simple. Comfortable beds. Shower water was cold though even with the heater on. Maybe it was just our luck. But overall a good place for a short stop over. "
- 26 Sep 2014 Karina Singapore
- " The hostel was very good. The staff was friendly and had recommendations on where to go and how to get there the cheapest way :). There was free breakfast of breads, butter, jam, cereals, banana, coffee, milk and chocolate milk. Eggs could be better, but it was a Very decent breakfast, and helped us save on more money. Rooms were clean, beds were comfortable, bathrooms good. My kids liked the pets, 2 dogs and a fat cat! :) "
- 18 Jul 2013 Anonymous Philippines


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Wellbutrin XL (Bupropion)
150 mg extended release tablets
Bupropion is one of the most widely prescribed antidepressants, and the available evidence indicates that it is effective in clinical depression as effective as several other widely prescribed drugs, including fluoxetine (Prozac) and paroxetine (Paxil).
Sexual dysfunction
Bupropion is one of few antidepressants that do not cause sexual dysfunction. A range of studies demonstrate that bupropion not only produces fewer sexual side effects than other antidepressants, but can actually help to alleviate sexual dysfunction. According to a survey of psychiatrists, it is the drug of choice for the treatment of SSRI-induced sexual dysfunction, although this is not an indication approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. There have also been a few studies suggesting that bupropion can improve sexual function in women who are not depressed, if they have hypoactive sexual desire disorder.
Bupropion when used for treating obesity over a period of 6 to 12 months, may result in weight loss of 2.7 kg over placebo. This is not much different from the weight loss produced by several other established medications, such as sibutramine, orlistat and amfepramone.


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Tuesday, February 18, 2014
Thomas Edward Filchak, 51, of Pawleys Island has been arrested and charged with his third offense of Failure to Register as a sex offender.
As the Georgetown Times reported last week, a warrant was signed on Tuesday, Feb. 11, because Filchak did not report that he had served as a volunteer at Waccamaw High School.
Filchak was booked on Feb. 13 for the charge, which carried a $1,275 fine, and was released later that day, according to the Georgetown County Sheriffs website.
The father of a band student at the school, he has been allowed to help at Waccamaw High School functions this year, school officials said.
As reported previously, Filchak was arrested in 2000 for showing his private parts to a 15-year-old boy and attempting to get the boy into his van in the City of Georgetown.
Filchak was initially charged with: Lewd Act Upon a Child Under 16, Indecent Exposure, and Failure to Stop When Signaled, according to a City of Georgetown Police report dated Sept. 26, 2000.
He was convicted of Indecent Exposure on Dec. 11, 2000, according to the Georgetown County Sheriffs Office Sex Offender listing on its website.
He was charged with Failure to Register as a sex offender in May 2005 and June 2006.
Both of those are listed as a first offense in the State law Enforcement Divisions (SLED) criminal background information about Filchak.
A Sheriffs office spokesperson said it is not unusual for the second offense of Failure to Register to be listed as a first offense.
However, the third charge is listed as the third offense.
The incident report filed Friday, Feb. 7, says the Sheriffs Office was told on Jan. 9 about Filchak doing work at Waccamaw High.
The officer investigating says she spoke with Waccamaw High Principal David Hammel by phone on Jan. 9 and Hammel said Filchak only once at half time of a football game helped other parents set up the marching band props, the report states.
During the investigation, pictures were found on the Waccamaw High marching bands Facebook page dating as far back as March 2012 showing Filchak with other parent volunteers at the school and other locations with the band, the report states.
The deputy also found a Bands of Waccamaw newsletter dated Oct. 1, 2013 thanking Filchak by calling his name and other parent/volunteers for their help with the band, the deputy wrote.
According to Georgetown County School District policy (IICC-R) all volunteers may expect a background check which may include a criminal records check.
Another District policy (GBEBDA) states: The district will perform a National Sex Offender Registry check on all ... volunteers who work in a school on an interim or regular basis as mentors, coaches, chaperones or any other capacity resulting in direct interaction or contact with students.
The policy continues: The district will not permit individuals whose names appear in the National Sex Offender Registry or individuals who have been required to register as sex offenders pursuant to state law to work or serve in the district in any capacity.
Times reporter Scott Harper contributed to this story.
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The Oregon men's and women's golf teams had five players recognized by the conference on Wednesday on the all-academic team.
The Oregon men's golf team wrapped up a great season on Monday, June 1, at the NCAA Championships in 23rd with a final card of 38-over 902.
Oregon stays in the hunt at the NCAA Championships after posting a 6-over 294 card on Saturday at Concession.
Oregon's Brandon McIver and Aaron Wise were named to the Division I PING All-Region West Team on Saturday by the GCAA.
Oregon currently sits in a tie for 18th at the NCAA Championships with a 12-over 300 card after the first round of play.
College athletes will wear special-edition uniforms on the first and last days of the NCAA tournament.
Oregon will make its sixth NCAA Championships appearance and second-straight under head coach Casey Martin this week.
Sulman Raza of the Oregon men's golf team took home medalist honors on Monday at the U.S. Open Qualifier held at Eugene Country Club.
The Oregon Ducks were dialed in on the back-nine on Saturday, firing in 17 birdies, and earned themselves a berth to the NCAA Championships.
Oregon held steady at sixth place on Friday at the NCAA Regionals with a 5-over 293 at The Sagamore Club.
Despite a 9-over 297 first round, Oregon is currently in sixth place and is within striking distance heading into the second round of play.
Oregon heads to The Sagamore Club in Noblesville, Ind., for the NCAA Regionals and hopes to be 1-of-5 teams that advance to Bradenton, Fla.


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From per adult/week
A premium all inclusive sports resort in Florida, a haven for active families and home to the Club Med Academies. Located right on the St. Lucie River, this newly renovated resort has the ideal Floridian all-inclusive vacation packages for active families that want to engage in sports, professional coaching, and fitness programs offered at the exclusive Club Med Academies.
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In the swimming pool, children under 3 who are not yet potty-trained must wear a disposable swim nappy.
This resort offers childcare that suits your child's age
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MILWAUKEE---Despite scoring two third-period goals, the Chicago Wolves comeback attempt fell short as they dropped a 3-2 Amtrak Rivalry decision to the Milwaukee Admirals Tuesday night at the Bradley Center.
Forwards Brett Sterling and Bill Sweatt scored six minutes apart in the third period for Chicago, which lost to the Admirals for the ninth time in 11 tries this season.
With the loss, the Wolves dropped out of a tie with Milwaukee for ninth in the Western Conference playoff standings and now sit in 10th place with three regular-season games remaining.
After left wing Kevin Henderson scored at 3:18 of the third period to put Milwaukee (38-28-4-3) up 3-0, Chicago (36-28-5-4) cut its deficit to 3-1 four minutes later when Sterling's wrister from the near circle sailed over the glove of Admirals netminder Magnus Hellberg at 7:33.
Sweatt drew the Wolves within one goal when his shot from the slot evaded Hellberg at 13:17. However, that puck would be the last to get by Hellberg as he closed the door on Chicago the rest of the way.
The Admirals opened scoring with a power-play score from center Zach Hamill, when his pass from behind the Wolves net bounced off a Chicago defender and into the mesh behind netminder Matt Climie at 9:13 of the first period.
Left wing Joshua Shalla added to Milwaukee's goal total 8:29 into the middle frame when he capitalized on a Wolves error at center ice and took the puck back down the ice and deposited a shot throught the legs of Climie.
Climie (23-24-3) stopped 29 of 32 shots, while Hellberg (19-13-0) posted 15 saves.
Chicago travels to Cleveland for its final road game of the regular season against Lake Erie at 6:30 p.m. at Quicken Loans Arena.
Chicago 0 0 2 -- 2
Milwaukee 1 1 1 -- 3
First Period---1, Milwaukee, Hamill 18 (Cehlin, Ellis), 9:13 pp. Penalties---Ekholm, Milwaukee (roughing), 5:27; Matheson, Chicago (interference), 7:48.
Second Period---2, Milwaukee, Shalla 2 (unassisted), 8:29. Penalties---Archibald, Chicago (fighting), 8:37; Ford, Milwaukee (fighting), 8:37; Blain, Chicago (tripping), 13:27; Jarvinen, Milwaukee (interference), 17:45.
Third Period---3, Milwaukee, Henderson 16 (Ford, Ellis), 3:18; 4, Chicago, Sterling 24 (Haydar, Schroeder), 7:43 pp; 5, Chicago, Sweatt 15 (Matheson, Corrado), 13:17. Penalties---Sterling, Chicago (slashing), 4:53; Cehlin, Milwaukee (tripping), 6:29; Bench, Milwaukee (too many men), 10:57.
Shots on goal---Chicago: 3-8-6--17; Milwaukee 12-14-6--32. Power plays---Chicago 1-4; Milwaukee 1-3. Goalies—Chicago, Climie (29-32), Milwaukee, Smith (15-17). A---3,457. Referees---Pierre Lambert and Jean Hebert. Linesmen---Aaron Mills and Jesse Pietsch.
MILWAUKEE---Despite scoring two third-period goals, the Chicago Wolves comeback attempt fell short as they dropped a 3-2 Amtrak Rivalry decision to the Milwaukee Admirals Tuesday night at the Bradley Center.


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TNS Gala 2013
The New Shul of the Conejo
Sunday, February 10, 2013 at 11:00 AM (PST)
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Florence, Italy
Event Details
Have questions about TNS Gala 2013? Contact The New Shul of the Conejo
When & Where
Westlake Village Inn
31943 Agoura Road
Westlake Village,
Sunday, February 10, 2013 at 11:00 AM (PST)
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CHATTANOOGA, Tenn. --- Jacob Huesman (Chattanooga) accounted for five touchdowns and Keon Williams (Chattanooga) topped 100 yards rushing in a 42-21 Southern Conference win for the Chattanooga Mocs (3-2/1-1) over Western Carolina (1-5/0-3). Huesman completed four TD passes while rushing for a fifth.
"It was a great effort offensively," Head Coach Russ Huesman stated. "I felt we did what we needed to do for four quarters on that side of the ball."
UTC took control of the game offensively and defensively in the first half. The offense scored three times, twice after turnovers caused by a swarming defense. The Mocs made three interceptions in the second quarter alone and allowed just 63 yards of total offense in the first 30 minutes.
"I was extremely pleased with our defense in the first half," Huesman added. "We let down a bit in the second half. That's the one disappointment we take from this game."
Chattanooga scored on three of four possessions in a pivotal run. It started with a Huesman scoring toss to Troy Dye (Hendersonville, Tenn.) for 10 yards with Dye breaking a tackle to get his first career TD.
Catamounts QB Troy Mitchell looked deep on the ensuing possession, but Chaz Moore (Memphis, Tenn.) was there to intercept. Three plays later, Marquis Green (Palmetto, Fla.) caught a Huesman screen and exploded through the Western defense for the 67-yard score and a 14-0 Mocs lead.
The two teams traded turnovers as Gunner Miller (Chattanooga) picked off the first play from scrimmage returning it to the Western 21. Four plays later, Huesman was about to cross the goal line when the foot of a teammate kicked the ball from his hands leading to a Catamounts touchback.
D.J. Key (Centerville, Tenn.) made it three interceptions in a row giving UTC prime field position at the WCU 39. His teammates made it 21-0 on a Huesman seven-yard pass to Tommy Hudson (Moultrie, Ga.). The teams traded second half scores for the 42-21 final.
Williams continued his punishing running style. He carried the ball 20 times racking up 127 yards and a touchdown. He paced a rushing attack that accumulated 209 yards on the night. It's the fourth consecutive 200-yard running game this season, a first since 2005.
Huesman was 18-25 on the night for 223 yards, four touchdowns and zero interceptions. Terrell Robinson (South Pittsburg, Tenn.) was the favorite target with eight catches for 56 yards. Green had three receptions for 87 yards and two touchdowns, including the 67-yard catch-and-run that is the longest play from scrimmage this season for the Mocs.
Mitchell led the Catamounts with 181 yards passing and 63 yards rushing. He completed 16 of 22 with two touchdowns and three interceptions.
Key led the Mocs with 11 tackles and his interception. It was one of four picks on the night with Moore, Miller and Zach McCarter (Chattanooga) getting in on the act.
WCU's Ace Clark racked up a game-high 13 stops. Courtland Carson added nine with two-and-a-half tackles for loss including one-and-a-half sacks.
UTC remains home next weekend welcoming Furman to town for Homecoming. Game time is 6 p.m., with tickets available on GoMocs.com or by calling (423) 266-MOCS (6627).
Play - Quarter/Time/Score
UTC – Troy Dye 10 yard pass from Jacob Huesman (Nick Pollard Kick) - 1/0:50/7-0
Drive: 7 plays, 52 yards, 2:54
Key Play(s): 2/12/34 – Keon Williams with a punishing 23-yard run
UTC – Marquis Green 67 yard pass from Huesman (Pollard Kick) – 2/11:33/14-0
Drive: 3 plays, 67 yards, 1:19
Key Play(s): Chaz Moore interception gets Mocs possession at own 33
UTC – Tommy Hudson 7 yard pass from Huesman (Pollard Kick) – 2/5:20/21-0
Drive: 8 plays, 39 yards, 3:18
Key Play(s): D.J. Key gets Mocs 3rd interception of quarter at WCU 39
UTC – Jacob Huesman 6 yard rush (Pollard Kick) – 3/7:18/28-0
Drive: 15 plays, 73 yards, 7:18
Key Play(s): 3/8/H44 – Huesman to Hudson for 9-yard gain
WCU – Garry Lewis 12 yard rush (Richard Sigmon Kick) – 3/3:33/28-7
Drive: 10 plays, 75 yards, 4:09
Key Play(s): 3/5/V41 – Troy Mitchell hits Terryon Robinson for 26 yards
UTC – Green 13 yard pass from Huesman (Pollard Kick) – 4/14:51/35-7
Drive: 7 plays, 53 yards, 3:39
Key Play(s): 2/3/V23 – Huesman 10 yards on the run
WCU – Terryon Robinson 46 yard pass from Troy Mitchell (Sigmon Kick) – 4/12:18/35-14
Drive: 6 plays, 70 yards, 2:25
Key Play(s): 2/3/V23 – Huesman 10 yards on the run
UTC – Keon Williams 15 yard rush (Pollard Kick) – 4/11:58/42-14
Drive: 1 play, 15 yards, 0:07
Key Play(s): Chaz Moore 81 yard kickoff return (career long)
WCU – Kamorris Benson 25 yard pass from Mitchell (Sigmon Kick) – 4/7:07/42-21
Drive: 10 plays, 77 yards, 4:45
Key Play(s): 3/5/V39 – Mitchell to Shaun Warren for 14 yards
GoMocs.com is the official website of the Chattanooga Mocs. The Mocs can also be followed on their official Facebook page, www.facebook.com/ChattanoogaMocs, or on Twitter, www.twitter.com/GoMocs. Find out how to join the UTC Mocs Club and support more than 300 student-athletes by clicking here.


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Thinking biggerWritten by Michael Miller | Editor in Chief Emeritus | email@example.com
In September 2008, Toledo Free Press published a cover story, "Think Big," that asked readers which major-market attractions would boost Northwest Ohio's entertainment and retail quality of life. One of those wish list items, a casino, is now a glorious reality. We don't have an official IMAX screen, but Rave Motion Pictures has introduced its "Rave Xtreme Big Screen Experience" to Fallen Timbers. Another popular request, IKEA, is being mentioned for the former Southwyck Mall site. What is the progress on the rest of that 4-year-old list?
Culver's: We love our burgers in Toledo, but unless you have been to Culver's, you are missing one of the greats: Culver's ButterBurger. Not fast food so much as high-end diner food prepared quickly, Culver's also offers frozen custard and desserts to envy. There's a busy Culver's in Adrian, Mich., 38 miles away. If Adrian can support a Culver's, surely Toledo can.
Online: www.culvers.com
Progress update: Toledo does have a Five Guys at Westgate, but still no Culver's.
Common Ground Festival: Each summer, Lansing, Mich., dedicates both sides of its modest riverfront to three days of country, rock, rap and pop music. Top names draw thousands of people to an event that could be on our Downtown river banks. A conversation about bringing such a festival started a few years ago, but did not gain momentum. Bowling Green's Black Swamp Arts Festival has the idea, but imagine that event transferred to the riverfront and you'll have an inkling of the vision.
Online: www.commongroundfest.com
Progress update: None. And it looks like the only major summer concert weekend Downtown, the rib fest Smoke on the Water, has been retired.
Buca di Beppo: This restaurant chain, named "Joe's Basement," specializes in "family style" Italian cuisine. That means when you order lasagna, you get a brick that can feed five people. The specialty is a "meatball the size of a baby's head." The nearest Buca is 60 miles away in Livonia, Mich.
Online: www.bucadibeppo.com
Progress update: None. But a new Italian restaurant reportedly being built on Monroe Street near the Blarney/Table Forty4/PizzaPapalis triumvirate, looks promising.
Dave & Buster's/GameWorks: With its casino atmosphere and ADD approach to entertainment, Dave & Buster's is a video arcade addict's heaven, with the latest in interactive and virtual technology. There's a Dave & Buster's in Westlake near Cleveland, 97 miles away, and one in Utica, Mich., 81 miles away. GameWorks, a similar franchise, has locations in Columbus and Auburn Hills, Mich.
Online: www.daveandbusters.com, www.gameworks.com
Progress update: None. Hollywood Casino Toledo is the adult version, but families with kids are still waiting.
Howl at the Moon: This is a dueling-piano bar that specializes in crowd singalongs. It's ultimate karaoke, one of the safest ways you can give your date a sore throat.
Online: www.howlatthemoon.com
Progress update: Cleveland seems to have lost its Howl at the Moon location, so the nearest ones are in Chicago and Indianapolis.
Apple Store: This store offers the latest gadgets for computers, iPods and gizmos you haven't heard of yet. The Apple Store in Aventura, Fla., gets so busy, customers have to make appointments to get in. The closest Apple Store is at Briarwood Mall in Ann Arbor.
Online: www.apple.com/retail
Progress update: None. There are Apple Stores in Ann Arbor, Akron, Lyndhurst, Westlake and two in Columbus,.
Trader Joe's: This was by far the most popular reader request, with more than 150 mentions. It's a specialty grocery store that features imported cheeses, organic produce and hand-tossed pizza from Italy.
Online: www.traderjoes.com
Progress update: Though the closest Trader Joe's is in Ann Arbor, the franchise does have several locations in Ohio. A group of Downtown businesspeople is reportedly lobbying the franchise to consider a local location.
Crate & Barrel: Crate & Barrel is a retail store that specializes in furniture, housewares and home accessories.
Online: www.crateandbarrel.com
Progress update: The closest location is in Troy, Mich.
Cheesecake Factory: The Cheesecake Factory specializes in just about everything, be it pizza, pasta, seafood, steaks, salads, sandwiches or cheesecake.
Online: www.thecheesecakefactory.com
Progress update: Again, Columbus has two, but the closest Cheesecake Factory is in Westlake. There were reports a few years ago that a Cheesecake Factory was headed to Levis Commons, but that rumor died quickly.
Urban Outfitters: Urban Outfitters could be described as a retail store that sells clothing with a hipster or vintage look. Its closest location is in Ann Arbor.
Online: www.urbanoutfitters.com
Progress update: None, but those hipster artists Downtown are getting the gear from somewhere.
One-shots: There were dozens of one-request franchises: O'Charley's; Cinema Grill; Pinkberry; California Pizza Kitchen; Shooters; Bahama Breeze; Sweet Tomatoes; The Container Store; Nordstrom; Saks Fifth Avenue; and Marshalls. What else are we missing? Send your shoot-for-the-moon wish list to firstname.lastname@example.com.
Michael S. Miller is editor in chief of Toledo Free Press and Toledo Free Press Star. Email him at email@example.com.
Tags: Apple Store, Bahama Breeze, Buca di Beppo, California Pizza Kitchen, Cheesecake Factory, Cinema Grill, Common Ground Festival, Crate & Barrel, Culvers, Dave & Buster's, GameWorks, Hollywood Casino Toledo, Howl at the Moon, IKEA, IMAX, Lighting The Fuse, Marshalls, Michael S. Miller, Nordstrom, O'Charley's, Pinkberry, Rave Motion Pictures, Saks Fifth Avenue, Shooters, Sweet Tomatoes, The Container Store, Trader Joe's, Urban Outfitters


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4. Master's Degree Regulations
Degree Requirements
University-wide Requirements
In order to receive a master's degree from UTSA, the following minimum requirements must be met:
- The student must be admitted as a graduate degree-seeking student for the degree sought.
- The student must remove all conditions of admission, if any were assigned at the time of admission.
- Subject to the six-year time limitation, the student must satisfactorily complete all coursework as specified in his or her discipline's program of study, and, if Option I is selected, must satisfactorily complete the thesis as outlined in the Options for Master's Degrees section of this chapter.
- The student must formally apply for the degree in the Office of the Registrar no later than the deadline for the semester in which he or she intends to graduate (for deadlines, see the online registration calendar).
- The student must satisfactorily complete the comprehensive examination, except as provided by the M.B.A. degree and Master of Accountancy.
- The student must meet the grade point average requirement of 3.0 or higher (on a 4.0 scale) in all work counted as part of the degree program.
- No courses in which grades of less than "C" (below 2.0 on a 4.0 scale) were earned may be applied to a graduate degree, nor may courses for which the grade of "CR" was earned by examination be applied to minimum degree requirements. Credit for selected internships and practica in which a grade of "CR" was earned may be applied to minimum degree requirements upon approval of the Graduate Program Committee.
- To graduate, all graduate students must have a grade point average of at least a 3.0 (on a 4.0 scale) and be in good academic standing.
- The majority of graduate coursework for a master's program must be completed at UTSA.
Detailed descriptions of each of the above requirements are included in this catalog.
Comprehensive Examination
A candidate for a thesis or nonthesis master's degree must, in addition to other requirements, pass (according to department standards) the comprehensive examination, which may be oral, written, or both. Students must be registered during any semester or term in which they are taking required examinations. If registered for no other courses, students must be enrolled in 6961, Comprehensive Examination.
To satisfy the comprehensive examination requirement, candidates for the M.B.A. degree are required to complete MGT 5903 with a grade of "B" (3.0) or better, candidates for the M.B.A. degree in International Business are required to complete MGT 5903 with a grade of "B" (3.0) or better, candidates for the Master of Accountancy degree are required to complete ACC 6993 with a grade of "B" (3.0) or better, candidates for the Master of Science degree in Information Technology are required to complete IS 6813 with a grade of "B" (3.0) or better, and candidates for the Master of Social Work degree are required to complete SWK 5433 with a grade of "B" (3.0) or better.
Comprehensive examinations are given only to those students who have complied with the following requirements:
- Completion of all conditions of admission, if any were assigned at the time of admission.
- Completion of all special admission requirements for the degree program, if any.
- Be in good academic standing.
- Have an acceptable program of study in the discipline in which the degree is sought.
- If a thesis is to be written, selection of supervising professor and thesis committee and acceptance of thesis topic.
- Enrollment in 6961, Comprehensive Examination, in the semester the comprehensive examination is taken, if registered for no other courses that semester.
Supervising Committee
Each comprehensive examination is developed, administered, and scored under the guidance of a supervising committee with two or more members, one of whom is designated as chair. The chair must be a member of the Graduate Faculty in the major area of study.
In general, all committee members must be members of the Graduate Faculty in the major area of study. Occasionally, scholars who hold nontenured or tenure-track faculty appointments at the University, such as research professors or adjunct faculty members, or off-campus scholars, are appointed because their expertise would be valuable to the student. The composition of the committee is subject to approval by the Dean of the Graduate School.
The supervising committee is responsible for the quality, depth, and balance of the comprehensive examination.
Options for Master's Degrees
Two options are available for most master's degree programs. Refer to specific program requirements in Chapter 6, Graduate Program Requirements and Course Descriptions, to determine whether a program offers both options.
The candidate for a master's degree under Option I must complete the required number of semester credit hours in coursework approved by the appropriate Graduate Program Committee, including 6 semester credit hours for a thesis. The thesis is subject to approval by the student's program advisor, Thesis Committee, graduate advisor, and the Dean of the Graduate School.
No more than 6 semester credit hours of thesis can be applied toward a master's degree.
Students receiving advice and assistance from a faculty member in the preparation of a thesis must enroll in the appropriate thesis course (if necessary, for multiple semesters) until final approval of the completed thesis has been given and three copies have been filed with the Dean of the Graduate School.
Requirements for Thesis. The following steps for completing a thesis as part of a master's degree are the responsibility of each degree candidate selecting Option I:
- Secure the approval of the supervising professor, who is also Chair of the Thesis Committee. The Thesis Committee consists of the Thesis Chair and two additional members of the Graduate Faculty appointed by the College Dean. The student is expected to work closely with the Thesis Chair in selecting the thesis topic and in completing other details of their study.
- Submit a preliminary draft for approval by the Thesis Chair no later than 45 calendar days before final examinations of the semester in which the degree is to be awarded. The first draft should demonstrate the student's understanding of the preparation guidelines; it is understood the text is still being modified.
- Secure approval of the draft by the Thesis Committee. This step is intended to ensure that the thesis meets the required standards for content, expression, format, spelling, and accuracy. Candidates are responsible for meeting the standards of those reading and approving the thesis.
- Submit the final copy of the thesis to the supervising professor and Thesis Committee no later than 20 calendar days before final examinations of the semester in which the degree is to be awarded. This copy of the thesis must be the original and, if acceptable, must be signed by the Thesis Chair and members of the Thesis Committee.
- The format of the thesis must follow University regulations. The detailed requirements of thesis formatting guidelines and deadlines are available on the Graduate School's Web site at http://graduateschool.utsa.edu. The original copy must conform to the most current format prescribed in the Guide for the Preparation of a Master's Thesis at the time of submission to the Graduate School.
- Submit two original, unbound copies of the approved thesis to the Graduate School by the published deadline. The two unbound copies are for the library. Arrangements and expenses for personal binding of copies are the responsibility of the student. Copyright is optional and may be arranged by the student and will be at their expense. Students are responsible for uploading their complete thesis to UMI for publishing with the option of ordering personal copies for binding.
- Copies of theses and dissertations are available to the general public through the UTSA Library.
- Acceptance of the thesis requires final approval from the Dean of the Graduate School.
Thesis for Linguistics Students
Theses are normally written in English. Petitions to write in another language pertinent to the research must be submitted to the Graduate Program Committee when the student enrolls in a thesis course. See Graduate Advisor before registering for thesis hours. Petition must be approved by the Graduate Program Committee, academic Dean and Dean of the Graduate School.
For a master's degree under Option II, a student can meet requirements without writing a thesis. Instead, the student is required to complete a program of coursework, as indicated by specific program requirements in Chapter 6, Graduate Program Requirements and Course Descriptions, approved by the Graduate Program Committee.
Thesis credits may not be applied to the program of coursework for a master's degree under Option II.
At the beginning of the student's master's degree program, they should, in consultation with their program advisor, select the option most suitable to their needs. Should a student elect to change options, they should consult with the program advisor.
Limitation on Repeating Courses for Credit
Many independent study, thesis, special problems, special topics, directed research, seminar, dissertation, and other similar courses may be repeated for credit; however, limitations exist on the number of semester credit hours that may be applied toward a degree. Refer to the individual course descriptions for specific details on these limitations and consult the appropriate graduate advisor.
Catalog of Graduation
Graduate students have six years from the semester of original registration as degree-seeking to complete a graduate degree program under the catalog in effect at the time of initial registration at UTSA, provided they are continuously enrolled at UTSA. If a student drops out for one or more long semester (Spring or Fall), they have the option of reenrolling under a subsequent catalog. These students will have six years to complete degree requirements under the new catalog. In the event that certain required courses are discontinued, substitutions may be authorized or required by the appropriate Graduate Program Committee.
Additional Master's Degrees
A student who holds a master's or higher degree may pursue an additional master's degree at UTSA only under the following conditions:
- The additional master's degree opens up an additional area, field, or concentration.
- The proposed second master's degree is approved by the appropriate Graduate Program Committee, academic Dean and the Dean of the Graduate School.
It should be further understood that:
- The same courses cannot be applied toward two different degrees.
- Credit applied to a previous degree at another institution which duplicates a portion of the program required under the second degree being sought at UTSA does not reduce the number of semester credit hours required for that second degree. (The only exception is the M.F.A. degree. See Courses Counted for Another Degree under Course Types and Acceptability in the Transfer of Credit section of this chapter.) Courses already taken would not be required. Rather, additional coursework would be substituted for previously completed courses.
Transfer of Credit
Students are expected to complete the majority of all coursework at UTSA. Transfer credit of usually not more than 6 semester credit hours may be allowed for graduate coursework completed at another regionally accredited institution or with proof of equivalent accreditation from a foreign institution. Exceptions require approval of the appropriate Graduate Program Committee, academic College, and the Graduate School, and must meet conditions for transfer of credit. Work counted toward a degree at another institution cannot be transferred.
Conditions for transfer of credit:
- Students must complete the form "Transfer of Graduate Credit towards Master's Degree."
- Student must be in a current master's degree program.
- Student must be in good academic standing.
- The courses must have been completed with a grade of "B" (3.0) or better.
- Coursework must be from an accredited university and have not been used in another degree program.
- An official transcript from the institution where the coursework was completed must be submitted.
- All coursework must have been completed no more than six years before the degree was awarded.
- Coursework is subject to approval of the appropriate Graduate Program Committee and academic College in which the program is administered.
- Courses must be defined as graduate-level work at the institution where the credit was earned.
- International transcripts must be evaluated by a UTSA approved foreign credential evaluation service agency.
All requirements for a master's degree must be completed within one six-year period. Work over six years old may be reinstated only with the permission of the Dean of the Graduate School, upon recommendation of the Graduate Program Committee.
Evaluation of Courses
The student's Graduate Advisor of Record and the College evaluate transcripts and designate which graduate courses are acceptable under the above provisions for transfer toward a master's degree at UTSA. Whether or not a course is transferable as graduate coursework is determined by the course number assigned by the institution awarding the credit. To be transferable to UTSA, courses must be defined as graduate courses at the institution where credit was earned. Courses that are defined as undergraduate upper-division by their course numbers, but that can be applied to a graduate degree at the institution awarding the credit, are not accepted for transfer toward a master's degree at UTSA. All work submitted for transfer credit must have been completed with grades of "A" or "B" (3.0) and must have been completed no more than six years before the degree was awarded. Competency based coursework or credit only courses will not be accepted.
Transfers within The University of Texas System
It is the policy of The University of Texas System that all academic institutions within the System may accept graduate credit from each other, and the regular requirements for residency are adjusted accordingly. The applicability of specific courses from other University of Texas institutions to a student's graduate degree program at UTSA, however, must be approved by the appropriate Graduate Program Committee.
Course Types and Acceptability
UTSA Undergraduate Courses. With the approval of the appropriate Graduate Program Committee, the Department Chair, and the Dean of the college in which the student expects to earn his or her degree, a candidate for the master's degree may apply a maximum of 6 semester credit hours of unduplicated credit for undergraduate upper-division (junior- or senior-level) courses completed at UTSA with the grades of "A" or "B" to a master's degree; no course below the upper-division level or with other grades may be applied to the degree. Undergraduate courses accepted for graduate-level credit are not applied toward core or required courses.
Audited Courses. No UTSA credit is granted for courses that are audited; no official record is made of enrollment in classes on an audit basis.
Correspondence and Extension Courses. Courses completed by correspondence or extension may not be applied to a graduate degree program.
Courses Counted for Another Degree. No courses counted toward another degree may be applied to a graduate degree, either directly or by substitution. The only exception is that candidates holding a Master of Arts degree in Art from another institution seeking admission to the Master of Fine Arts degree program may have up to 24 semester credit hours applied toward the M.F.A. degree exclusive of the thesis and/or degree project, upon recommendation of the department Graduate Program Committee and approval of the Dean of the Graduate School.
Credit by Examination. Credit by examination at UTSA is intended to enable undergraduate students to receive credit for courses leading to a bachelor's degree in which they may already have achieved the objectives. Credit cannot be earned by CEEB examination or by UT Challenge Examination for any courses used to meet minimum requirements for a graduate degree or graduate teacher certification program.


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SEM223 - Engineering Mechanics
Unit details
|2015 unit information
|Enrolment modes:
|Trimester 1: Waurn Ponds (Geelong), Cloud (online)
|Credit point(s):
|Previously coded as:
|EFTSL value:
|Unit chair:
Akif Kaynak
One of SIT199, SIT194 or SIT190 and SEP101
|Incompatible with:
|Contact hours:
Campus: 3 x 1 hour classes, 1 x 1 hour seminar per week and 2 x 3 hour practicals per trimester. Students must attend and participate in compulsory activities for this unit at scheduled sessions on multiple days during the trimester.
Cloud (online): Learning experiences are via CloudDeakin . 2 x 6 hour practicals per trimester. Students must attend and participate in mandatory activities at the Geelong Waurn Ponds Campus on the particular scheduled day during Week 8.
This unit includes: Statics - Introductory concepts, forces and force vectors, force system resultants, equilibrium, structural analysis, geometric properties and distributed loads; Dynamics - kinematics of a particle, kinetics of a particle - force and acceleration, kinetics of a particle - work and energy, kinetics of a particle - impulse and momentum.
Examination 60%, online assignment 20%, two laboratory reports (10% each) 20%. To be eligible to obtain a pass in this unit, students must achieve an overall mark of at least 40% in the examination and compulsory attendance is required by all students to unit-specific activities at Waurn Ponds (Geelong). These unit-specific activities may be undertaken either at scheduled sessions on multiple days during the trimester or during a single day of unit-specific activities scheduled during Week 8.
Unit Fee Information
|Student Contribution Rate*
|Student Contribution Rate**
|Fee rate - Domestic Students
|Fee rate - International students
* Rate for all CSP students, except for those who commenced Education and Nursing units pre 2010
** Rate for CSP students who commenced Education and Nursing units pre 2010
Please note: Unit fees listed do not apply to Deakin Prime students.