text:
Theological Studies and Editorial Independence
Lisa Fullam August 30, 2011 - 7:44pm
NCR has published a report and an editorial on the Jesuit-run journal Theological Studies being pressured to run an essay without peer review. In 2004, Kenneth Himes and James Coriden co-authored an essay in TS calling for the re-evaluation of the Church's teaching on the indissolubility of marriage on grounds of a deep disconnect between the Church's doctrine and its pastoral practice. The new essay, co-authored by Peter F. Ryan and Germain Grisez, forcefully rebuts that call. Nothing new so far--theology is a discipline whose practitioners disagree, sometimes profoundly. Most of us recognize that it is precisely in the engagement with those who disagree with us that our arguments are tested and honed. Theological discourse is a testing ground for ideas, a place where we feel free to launch new ways of thinking about the tradition, trusting our colleagues to help us identify powerful new vehicles of understanding, and to help us see which of the new vehicles are just theological Edsels. Of course, recognizing the integrity and value of positions we do not hold ourselves is also a basic virtue of teaching. Good teachers do not expect ovine obeisance from our students, but thoughtful engagement with ideas. It seems eminently appropriate for differing voices to be heard in TS. What's troubling here is the apparent imposition of an essay without peer review and the consent of the editor. TS editor David Schultenover, S.J., has not confirmed that he was forced to publish this piece, but NCR reports:
After years of mounting pressures, exchanges, and at least one rejected rebuttal submission written by Jesuit Fr. Peter F. Ryan, the Vatican finally mandated that Theological Studies publish -- unedited -- an essay coauthored by Ryan and theologian Germain Grisez titled Indissoluble Marriage: A Reply to Kenneth Himes and James Coriden.
On a good day, peer review helps to insure academic merit, not by imposing ideological criteria, but through the advice of other knowledgeable professionals in the area. It need not imply editorial approval or agreement with the author's thesis, but only that he or she finds the piece worth discussion. Peer review and editorial approval are especially helpful when scholars read outside their own area of expertise, for example when a scripture scholar reads an essay in systematics. I might not agree with the thesis of a particular piece, but it's helpful to know that other scholars in that area feel the ideas are worth a look.And peer review need not shut down diversity of opinion. One of the hallmarks of TS is its willingness to publish back-and-forth from authors in the name of ongoing dialogue, with peer review at each step. Indeed, Grisez' work has graced TS' pages many times, with peer review. One of the unfortunate effects of side-stepping peer review is the risk that doing so may diminish the reception of this work by scholars leery of the process for this essay. So what to do? This essay is published with a superscript that indicates that "except for minor stylistic changes, the article is published as it was received." I'd hope for a more explicit label for pieces that are published without peer review (at least for items normally subject to that process.) That fact may not be apparent to the reader, and is relevant to the reader's--especially the non-specialist reader's--approach to the text.
Commenting Guidelines
I can understand the hierarchy/Vatican insisting that the official teaching be published. But it seem to me that any such article should include the official *reasons* that the Vatican has settled upon that view of the issue, and the journal should tell the readers that it is an unsolicited, un-peer reviewed article. OR the journal should have the right to publish at the same time objections by peers to the article. This latter would amount to a sort of peer review, and the reader would get both sides of the issue.
First paragraph of the NCR article:
In a move some theologians say undermines the credibility of the leading English-language Catholic theological journal, the Vatican has pressured it to publish a scholarly essay on marriage, unedited and without undergoing normal peer review.
That's the only occurrence of the phrase "peer review" in the article. It says that there was pressure to publish the piece without peer review, but it doesn't actually say that it was published without peer review. Did it receive peer review - just not "normal" peer review? Or was it not peer reviewed at all? Are all articles in TS - with this single exception - peer reviewed?I don't know what to make of this. Is it a tiny intramural incident being blown out of proportion or is it something that should sound loud alarms throughout the Church?
So it really comes down to who is the final authority, who is to be the judge of whether something is published or not.The Magisterium having such authority is bad. A crowd of self-appointed "peers" having such authority is good.In short, what is advocated is papacy by "peer committee."
For people who publish in scholarly journals: how would you feel about one of your articles being published in this way? Would you be happy you've been published or would this undermine you professionally? (Should Father Ryan be saying "Thanks, but don't do me any favors?")
Perhaps the article should have been published with the notice: "We publish the following essay by request (behest? command?) of Vatican authorities. It has not been peer-reviewed.") It would be interesting to know who these unnamed authorities were. Did the order come from "the Vatican" (that vague entity) or from the Jesuit curia, or from both? In any case, they ought to be made to take responsibility for their actions.I know of one case in which TS published an article without peer-review, because I wrote it at the request of the TS editors. I suspect that the many articles on religious freedom published in TS by John Courtney Murray were not peer-reviewed. Murray himself was the editor.
Irene BaldwinI prefer to publish peer reviewed articles for the simple reason that they are taken more seriously by my colleagues. It is simply the standard in academia. For example, in a tenure or promotion process articles in popular journals or non-peer reviewed journals do not count for much. I have nothing against writing popular articles, and I have done that, but for the academy it is still the case that peer reviewed articles are valued more.I think this is a very serious matter. This journal is published for professional theologians who are able to discern whether the author's position is at variance with the dogmatic teaching of the Church. It seems to me that there was very little need to publish a rebuttal to the article in question in order to clarify what is the official teaching on the indissolubility of marriage. Such a heavy handed approach does not bode well for Catholic theology. This kind of Vatican interference is, in my opinion, chilling. I am sorry that the reputation of TS has suffered because of this intervention. I have heard that the demand came from CDF. Whether that was direct or through the Jesuit curia seems immaterial. I doubt that the curia would have interfered with TS without pressure from CDF.
I am grateful that this story was published, and somewhat surprised that none of the comments so far seem to find such an intervention problematic. I am also glad that Fr. K could fill us in on the fact that other submissions to TS are published without peer review. Given the fact that peer review seems to be dispensible, perhaps we have two separate issues here. First, the agency responsible for imposing the article. It makes a great difference whether the editors themselves are so persuaded that something needs to be published that they skip an ordinary step, or whether an outside agency comes in and uses its majesty to overrule the editors (sorry, Bender, but the Vatican is not empowered to micro-manage everything in the Church, despite your absolutist-dictatorial vision of things). Second, the extent of the objections to the scholarship used in support of the thesis (which I assume is the same in both the Ryan article that was rejected, and the co-written Grisez-Ryan article that was imposed). Why was Ryan's submission turned down? Was it poor scholarship? If whoever imposed the article that was printed in the end was determined to side-step peer review are we to assume that it too is poor scholarship? If the scholarship was sound and yet the article was turned down anyway, this leaves us with another uncomfortable question. Are the editors and peer reviewers of TS ideologues and thus incapable of fairly assessing the fitness of articles for publication? Anything can happen, I suppose, but from seeing previous clashes over ideas I would suspect that this conflict is not due to ideologues at the helm of TS but rather is part you-name-it of the Vatican's war on modernity. If this is the case, then the ideologue's shoe is on the other foot.In either instance, and even if the editors are in the wrong in their assessment of a particular article, they are not children and should not be treated as such. Having a magisterium for the Church does not substitute for peer review of theological journals. Unless we want TS to run nothing but extracts from the Catechism, we have to stand up for their right and duty to do their job without interference.
Sorry, my comment above did not take into account Alan Mitchell's comment, which appeared while I was still writing mine. Yes, other commenters do find this move problematic!
RitaI find the intervention very problematic as I had noted in the post above yours.It should also be noted that Ryan worked for Ratzinger at CDF. Perhaps his connections there may have helped him get his article eventually published in TS, but it certainly is not the ordinary way one would go about that. If I were he, I would be humiliated that this matter has been made public. His own credibility as a scholar is damaged.
RitaYou beat me to it. Thanks
All peer review means is that a proposed paper does or does not meet sufficient standards of academic rigor and academic merit. Unfortunately, in practice, it is often used by petty academic rent-a-cops to reward "rightthink" and discourage unfashionable views. I suspect that's what happened here.Regardless, being compelled to publish something is not incompatible with peer-review. What TS should have done was either note, "While this article is being published at the Vatican's behest, we attest that it meets the standards of academic merit and rigor our board normally requires for publication." Or, "While we are publishing this article at the Vatican's behest, the editorial board remains concerned that it does not meet the usual standards for academic merit and rigor usually required by this journal for publication."Failing to do either smacks of passive-aggressiveness and childishness and does more to undermine the integrity of TS than anything the Vatican could do to it.G
If I knew that Germaine Grisez had a vigorous rebuttal to an important article I would be more than eager to read it as soon as possible and in the same journal. I would suspect that a delay of years could be explained if a) the Grisez article was embarrassingly bad or, far more likely, b) the editors were excessively pedantic.
There are a number of issues in play here;1)Rita and Alan anre correct on the issues of schol;arship and how and what gets published in a major professional(in this case theological) journal.2) The issue of doctrine/magisterium and the role of the theologian has been discussed here before.Saying the magisterium says something as determenative here leads us back to3)the problem of the command/control church. CDF m.o. lovers will poo poo the event but it's in keeping with trying to shut down ciriticism/examination of just trying to do business by the status quo.4)This is quite relevant today about the topic of marriage.Those of you who saw Ray Suarez's PBS report Monday night on the changing face of marriage in the US noted that therei s major shift away from the power of the institution and away fromauthoritarian ideas, especially that love is the essence of marriage(perhaps not affected by gender considerations), that procreatiopn (not the the love and care for children, but"every act must be open to") is not the main goal, and, importantly, that marriage itself has been a changing dynamic entity and will continue to be.Given, for example, deep dissatisfaction in progresive circles with the traditional view, serious analysis in major writings would seem to be a necessity,Imposition from above(sans peer review) weakens the credibility of what's presented and reinforces the view that (as in the attack on Sr. Johnson) thin scholarship supporting a more traditionalist(if that) from some perspective is preferable.Very sad.
Let's not idolize peer review. The process can be prejudiced/slap-dashed/mean-spirited/etc. depending on which peers are chosen to review an article Some academics claim their dissenting views are never heard because their views are rejected out of hand in the peer review process, not in the market-place of ideas that is meant to guarantee competent criticism. The Joseph Epstein article I recently recommended about the current state of the Humanities is a good indication that incompetent peer review can even be endemic in a discipline, as the Sokal caper showed some years ago.See: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sokal_affairThe fact is that there is no perfect process which can guarantee the truth of a proposition. (And there is a proposition that itself is making an unprovable claim.) Unfortunately, the Vatican does claim such a process (though it is unclear just what it involves. That, ISTM, is why so many people pay little if any attention to what the Vatican says..
Ryan and Grisez have issued a statement which confirms that "higher authority had to mandate publication of the unexpurgated version of our article."According to the statement, he article was sent to peer review but two of the three reviewers chosen by the journal recommended that certain parts be deleted. See the statement at http://www.catholicworldreport.com/Blog/922/theologians_respond_to_ncrep...
The Ryan/Grisez statement does not tell the full history of the matter. It fails to mention that Ryan submitted a rebuttal of the Himes/Coriden piece authored only by him, which was rejected by the reviewers. It is only then that the second article co-authored by Ryan and Grisez was submitted. It was accepted on the condition that it be shortened, something that is not uncommon for a journal to ask of an author of an unusually long piece.
After Tom Reese was fired by then-Cardinal Ratzinger, a lot of people wondered whether the CDF would begin to exert editorial pressure on Theological Studies. Now we know. According to the NCR story, as noted by Alan Mitchell, Ryan alone submitted a response to the Himes-Corriden piece. Only after Ryan's article was rejected did Grisez get involved. Ryan's and Grisez's statement doesn't explain how that process unfolded. Did Ryan complain to the CDF? Did the CDF ask Grisez to coauthor with Ryan another response to the Himes-Corriden essay, knowing his prestige would make it tough to assail the piece as falling short TS's academic standards? If so, clever move. After all, if you're reading a piece by Grisez, you know you're not reading an untested scholar. The question of peer review is therefore less interesting than the one of editorial control. That one can't be dodged. If TS has another set of editors in Rome, they ought to put them on the masthead.
Sorry if this is a dumb question, but I'm not a professional academic. If I write an article and wish to submit it for peer review, who chooses the peers? Does the publisher/editorial board select the peers? If I submit my piece to five different journals, does that mean that five different panels of peers would review the same piece?What I don't understand about this whole scenario is, why wasn't the Ryan/Grisez article peer-reviewed? Did the Vatican forbid peer review? Professor Mitchell, I see your note that the piece was accepted on the condition that it be shortened. That condition wouldn't be imposed by the peers, but by the editors of TS, right?
There has to be a consensus with reference to the gospel in the church. The leaders can be the spokesman for that consensus. What the consensus should be about is the Question. As I see it the agreement should be about loving one's neighbor as shown in the didactic teaching of Jesus in the Good Samaritan narrative. Second should be about the danger of riches. Cfr. Dives and Lazarus. Third the mandate to love one's enemies. It is a mandate. Fourth, the mandate to forgive, beyond 70x7 or unlimited. Fifth, to feed the hungry and clothe the naked. Another mandate. ETC.Not whether Mary is conceived without sin or assumed into heaven, whether there are three persons in God, whether the pope is infallible (he's not). ETC.See the difference between the church of the Good News and the church of dogma.
Jim Pauweis,Each academic journal has an editorial board. The members of this board are the peer reviewers. In some instances a journal may ask someone not on the board to be a peer reviewer. The editor of the journal selects which of the members of the editorial board will review the submitted manuscript, and it is usually done on the basis of expertise. So there may be three members of the editorial board who are experts in moral theology. When a manuscript in moral theology is submitted the editor will select perhaps two of those three experts to review it on the basis of who is best able to evaluate whichever sub-dicipline of moral theology is covered in the manuscript. If no one on the editorial board is competent to review the manuscript, the editor will seek competent scholars outside the board to act as reviewer. If one reviewer recommends publication, but the other does not the manuscript is usually sent to a third reviewer, who would not know the evaluations of the earlier reviewers. In most instances the author's name and any references that might disclose his or her identity are removed. Contrary to Gergory Popcack's simplistic view of peer review it is generally done in a very professional manner and, in my experience, is something taken quite seriously by members of the editorial board. It is not accepted policy to submit a manuscript to more than one journal at a time. If the article is rejected by a given journal then the author is free to submit it to another journal.Originally, it was suggested that the Ryan/Grisez article was not peer reviewed. Apparently it was and the reviewer(s) suggested it be shortened. They refused to shorten it, and that is when CDF muscled the editor to publish it as is. The suggestion to shorten the article was recommended by the peer reviewer(s) and the editor complied with it. The editor is free to follow the recommendation of the reviewer(s) or not. In most cases, an editor would follow those recommendations.
Jim, the editors choose the peers. In my field, three fellow academics, chosen by the editor because they are experts on the topic discussed, typically review the submission and send a report to the editor who then makes a decision and communicates reviews and decision to the authors. There can be several rounds, particularly when the decision is "possible accept after major revision to address the following criticisms". From the viewpoint of academia, this is a very serious matter. It does not happen in my field, where topics are not so loaded, but it reminds me of climate change publications. I seem to recall that some climate change deniers published dubious articles under suspicious circumstances (external pressure, in the gentle form of lavish money), and that the climatologist science community reacted by shunning the journal, where they now no longer submit papers and whose papers they now no longer cite in their own work. I can't remember the details, sorry.If this happened in my field, I would go after the culprit. Who exerted pressure? Then I would require that the person responsible for this corruption of power resign from their post. If unsuccessful, I would shun the journal.
Why is it a very serious matter? Because peer review (and the whole process by which editors are selected and journals build a reputation) are our best effort for a process to build science in a rigorous manner, to avoid error. An analogy would be building a construction where each step of the project has to pass some stress and safety tests before being allowed to proceed. External pressure would be someone coming in and pressuring the project manager to skip a step, either by giving him money or by threatening to fire him.
Alan Mitchell: The members of the TS editorial board are not, or at least need not be, the peer reviewers. I am no longer a member of that board and yet I receive invitations to review submitted manuscripts. Ann Olivier is right that the process of peer review is no guarantee of justice or fairness. There are philosophy journals that would not accept an article unless it follows one line of inquiry or method, e.g., the analytical or the phenomenological, even though the title of the journal might speak only of "philosophy". Certain approaches will be considered philosophical and others not. I repeat that I think the best thing would have been to append a note that the essay was being published by mandate of higher authority. Higher authority shouldn't be afraid to accept responsibility.
...the cleric--as a scholar who speaks through his writings to the public as such, i.e., the world--enjoys in this public use of reason an unrestricted freedom to use his own rational capacities and to speak his own mind. For that the (spiritual) guardians of a people should themselves be immature is an absurdity that would insure the perpetuation of absurdities. -What is Enlightenment? Kant, 1784
Father Komonchak,I thought I said clearly that editors could select reviewers who are not members of the editorial board. Take a look at my third sentence.
in the name of transparency why not list all the recent articles that have not been peer reviewed? And all of those solicited by the editor.Aside from this current article were there any rebuttals of the original article published? Or were similar submissions rejected? Or did the guild of theologians not submit any criticisms?This episode almost serves as a natural experiment - - we can see the results of a free marketplace of theological ideas a la John Stuart Mill (or theologians gone wild) vs. the results of the slightest of interventions in that playground.
Well, I have received a useful education in the details of "peer review," though I agree with Grant that editorial control (and transparency on what happened) is the core issue. That said, has anyone read the Ryan/Grisez piece (and the earlier one) and can they offer some further "peer review"? I doubt these pieces are available online. Wish they were. It sounds as though Ryan/Grisez had some direct critcisms that could be fact-checked.
Here's the Ryan/Grisez piece.http://www.catholicworldreport.com/Content/Site140/Blog/922Indissoluble_...
Here's the original 2004 article of which Ryan/Grisez offer a rebuttal.http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_hb6404/is_3_65/ai_n29117952/
Himes-Coriden: http://www.ts.mu.edu/content/65/65.3/65.3.1.pdfCDFGrisez-Ryan: http://www.catholicworldreport.com/Content/Site140/Blog/922Indissoluble_...
Cool. Thanks ClaireGrant. I'll read tonight. Alas, I'm no peer.
Lisa, you have my utmost respect. Many long time posters to this site [I consider them to be old friends] are equally superior to me intellectually. I just hope that in some way shape or form intellectual superiority might manifest itself in a greater good that benefits the least among us. Religiousity and "star power" are. at least in my humble opinion incongruent. Your opinion regarding my contention would as always be appreciated.
"Well, I have received a useful education in the details of peer review""Same here - thank you
I repeat that I think the best thing would have been to append a note that the essay was being published by mandate of higher authority. Higher authority shouldnt be afraid to accept responsibility.Fr. Komonchak,This is not a challenge. Just a request for information. Exactly what authority does the CDF have in regards to "the Jesuit-run journal Theological Studies"? Is it official authority by order of the fact that the journal is run by Jesuits? Exactly what is the chain of command? Would the CDF have no authority, some kind of authority, or the same authority over the editors of Commonweal? What about over Catholic editors of a magazine that did not identify itself as Catholic? What is the purpose of insisting that the same journal that published the original article must publish the response?
On the substance: I quickly glanced through both articles, and didn't see either referring to my favorite book by John Noonan on the topic: The Power to Dissolve.http://www.amazon.com/Power-Dissolve-Lawyers-Marriages-Courts/dp/0674695... you really want to get into the question . . . whether or not you're a professional theologian, I recommend this book, which deals with the development by dealing with particular cases. It's a beach novel with footnotes, in my view. Lots, and lots, of footnotes in four languages. But you can't put it down.
Two points --The Ryan-Grisez statement says that the reasons it gave for its conclusions were the parts that were removed. If this is so, this would violates at least the spirit of scholarly criticism -- which is that views are rational only if we have reason for holding them. If that is what happened, then Ryan-Grisez do have a valid complaint.On the other hand, perhaps TS simply didn't have room for the reasons, a practical matter that can preclude the optimum operation of the scholarly system. Maybe the root problem is a practical one -- Ryan was trying to do too much in one paper. Had he submitted two better supported ones the whole brouhaha might never have happened. Or not. Sigh.
On the policy, I think there are 3 questions:1. What responsibility does a Catholic journal have, positively, to publish material defending the official teaching--especially after it was called into question in that same jouranl?2. What should it do when such material is published not through usual processes, but through the exercise of external authority? Joe has a plan, I think.3. What responsibility does a Catholic journal have, negatively, to refrain from publishing articles that call for the development of the tradition?It is one thing to say that Grisez/Ryan should be published. It's another thing entirely to say Corriden/Himes shouldn't, on the sole ground that it is arguing for a development in the teaching.And it's 3 I'm most worried about.
The ability of an academic journal like Theological Studies or a respected journal of opinion like America to select and edit materials for publication freely and without interference from outside sources is vital to its intellectual credibility. Journals run by some religious orders may be subject to pressures they find it hard to resist. They may find various ways of coping with their situation. but each instance in which their freedom is seen to have been intruded on will be likely to weaken their reputations for intellectual integrity. It must have been painful for the editorial board at Theological Studies to face such an intrusion on their prerogatives. For people who know how to read the between the lines, the little comment at the head of the Ryan/Grisez piece would have been a stronger statement than it seems at first glance. I suspect most readers of Theological Studies would understand the situation immediately. Commonweal
I have been surprised at the archaic and myopic character of articles in ThS in recent years, as if it had surrendered to some sort of swoon into old-fashioned Catholicism. The latest embarrassment is along the same lines. Grisez is a failed theologian associated with a failed encyclical and is being propped up by artificial life-support. The creepy CDF world is trying desperately to project its dead theology on the organs of Catholic teaching and publication but the whole project is exhausted. The best Catholic theology is now being done outside these contaminated institutions. Some have even become Anglicans.Reputation for intellectual integrity is easily lost if a school or review is known to labor under Pravda-like pressures. The reputation of Catholic University of America has never recovered from the Curran debacle.
The first article voices well the misgivings that the current teaching on indissolubility arouses and tests the tradition for places where a basis for yielding and development might be divined. The Ryan-Grisez riposte strikes the high note of "the teaching is either true or false" and "the church cannot have been wrong for so long" at the very start, the same sort of reasoning behind the Humanae Vitae mess.
Joseph O'learyI love you
Prof. Mitchell: It was this flat statement that misleads: "The members of this board are the peer reviewers." That simply wasn't the case when I was on the board. David Nichol: I do not know how to answer your question in this case. From earlier examples, not all of them ancient history, this might happen: An important member of one of the Roman congregations gets in touch with the superior general of a religious order and urges that something be done about a piece published by a member of that order or in a journal sponsored by that order. Some negotiations make take place, involving the superior general, the author, the journal editor, and the member of the Roman Curia. In some cases, the Roman bureaucrat is persuaded not to make things worse, and the matter ends. In another case, the author might agree to write a clarifying article. In another possible case, the editor of the journal is persuaded to publish an article critical of the first piece. In yet another, the editor is placed under religious obedience to publish such an article. It seems to be the usual practice for Rome not to deal directly with the author but to deal with the matter through the superiors of the order. To repeat, I have no idea what happened in this case.
Joseph O'Leary, tell us what you really think...But a bit of moderation would be becoming.
The debate seems to have taken the correct form. My love to all...
Fr. Komonchak,Not to labor the point, but my experience is that members of the editorial board are the ordinary peer reviewers, but not the sole ones, which I was trying to say in the third sentence. At least that is the way it was when I was on the editorial board of the CBQ for eight years. I have been asked to review manuscripts for journals whose board I am not on. So we are in basic agreement.I have it on very good authority that in this case, which may be unusual, CDF dealt directly with the editor of TS.
What Rome and Academy should know that they have similar difficulty entering heaven than the rich man. Empire and Academy do not appear as gospel favorites. Matthew 11: 25At that time Jesus said, I praise You, Father, Lord of heaven and earth, that You have hidden these things from the wise and intelligent and have revealed them to infants. 26Yes, Father, for this way was well-pleasing in Your sight."This is the real sign of contradiction which is lost sight of. Even Thomas Acquinas realized the vanity of learning as opposed to the richness of the Good News. The wise and intelligent are still not learning from infants.
I thank God that I am neither a theologian nor a Jesuit nor a priest nor anyone subject to pressure from the Curia. In this atmosphere, one should advise anyone tempted by such paths to look for other ways to minister to the Church.
What was so threatening about the Himes-Coriden article that warranted such an apparently vigorous counter-attack, albeit belated - number of citations in 5 years, quality of argument, adoption by others, scope, authors, journal, complaints to Vatican, ? Why couldn't it have been ignored until it faded away? It is hard to believe that all journal articles calling for re-evaluation of teachings get specific responses from distinguished authors supported by pressure to publish.
Rome wins as long as we let them set the agenda and relate to its absurdity.
Regarding the exchange between Fr. Komonchack and Dr. Mitchell: different journals operate in different ways. I do not know how Theological Studies works (except that I have never been able to get them to publish anything I have submitted to them), but when I edited the journal Modern Theology we did not use the editorial board for peer reviewers any more often than we used anyone else. The role of our editorial board was mainly advisory -- helping to set strategic goals for the journal. If someone on the board happened to be the right person to review a particular submission they would be asked, but we were as likely to ask someone else not on the board. Perhaps TS works differently, but Fr. K does not seem to think so.As to the substance of the debate: I am trying to put myself in the shoes, not of the editors of TS, but of the authors of the article (in the interest of full disclosure, Peter Ryan is a former colleague and I count him a friend, though we have plenty of theological disagreements; I have never met Germain Grisez). It seems to me that Ryan and Grisez were asked to cut their article in a way that they thought undermined their argument and, to put it bluntly, make them appear stupid. They could have, and perhaps should have, simply walked away. But I imagine they also wondered why the reviewers would ask for such cuts. Two possibilities probably presented themselves: (1) the reviewers had not grasped the argument and were only concerned about length or (2) the reviewers wanted the argument undermined. If I were in that situation and had recourse to a higher authority, and I thought the issues addressed by the article were important enough to the Church. . . well, I don't think I would have pressed it, because of my phlegmatic nature. But I can understand how someone with a more choleric disposition might just grasp the nettle and press that higher authority for unexpurgated publication.Finally, as to all the high-mined talk about peer review and academic freedom, all I can say is that the academy is (and probably always has been) a snake pit with more than its share of petty, biased, underhanded vipers who will use the rhetoric of freedom and mechanisms of "peer review" (i.e. I'll send this to my friends whom I know will give the thumbs down) to exert their will to power. To a certain degree the academy is my home, but I try not to have any illusions about it.
About the Author
Lisa Fullam is associate professor of moral theology at the Jesuit School of Theology at Berkeley. She is the author of The Virtue of Humility: A Thomistic Apologetic (Edwin Mellen Press).


text:
Topic: Danish Superliga 27th May
Here is what I think about the Danish matches tomorrow:
Brondby - Horsens
Horsens will have to manage this match without Steffen Ernemann who is suspended and Martin Halle who is out with a injury.
Topscorer for Brondby, Morten Rasmussen is back from suspension and Thomas Rasmussen will return from injury.
AC Horsens - Brøndby IF 21.10.06 0-0
Brøndby IF - AC Horsens 05.08.06 3-0
AC Horsens - Brøndby IF 07.05.06 4-1
Brøndby IF - AC Horsens 02.10.05 4-1
Horsens have one draw and lost five on their last six matches. So Brondby should win this one.
Brondby to win. Over 2.5 goals.
Esbjerg - Midtjylland
Esjberg impressed everyone when they managed to win 2-1 over FCK on Thursday in Parken. But Esbjerg have to manage without four of the players who played against FSK. Andreas Klarström, Kristian Flittie Onstad, Igors Stepanovs and Fernando Dervel will all be suspended for this match against the runners up.
FC Midtjylland - Esbjerg fB 01.04.07 3-1
Esbjerg fB - FC Midtjylland 20.08.06 4-2
FC Midtjylland - Esbjerg fB 30.04.06 0-0
Esbjerg fB - FC Midtjylland 12.03.06 2-0
Esbjerg will miss a lot of players in this match and I believe Midtjylland can win this one.
Midtjylland to win.
AaB Aalborg - OB Odense
AaB have the same squad for this match against OB like the one they had against FC Midtjylland on Thursday.
Both teams have the same amount of points, but the goal difference keeps the hosts in front in the race for the thirdplace.
OB - AaB 01.04.07 1-1
AaB - OB 17.09.06 0-1
AaB - OB 17.04.06 0-0
AaB - OB 05.03.06 2-2 (2-2)
AaB lost points against Midtjylland in their last match. OB now have the chance to take the third place, but the team last at home against Viborg. Both teams are better at away than at home.
AaB Aalborg to win.
Viborg - Nordsjaelland
Nordsjaelland will have to manage without Michael Ribers and Heath Pearce, who are out with injuries.
Christian Muomaife will be out for Viborg, while Jacob Olesen will return after being out with an injury for eight months.
FC Nordsjælland - Viborg FF 01.04.07 4-1
FC Nordsjælland - Viborg FF 24.09.06 2-0
FC Nordsjælland - Viborg FF 29.03.06 1-3
Viborg FF - FC Nordsjælland 27.11.05 4-1
Over 2.5 goals.
Randers - Silkeborg
Randers players Stig Tofting and Martin S. Jensen will miss this match due to suspension. They are two of the team's biggest profiles.
Silkeborg's Stefan Schmidt will miss this match due to suspension while forward Hördur Sveinsson returns.
Silkeborg IF - Randers FC 01.04.07 0-0
Randers FC - Silkeborg IF 24.09.06 0-0
Silkeborg IF - Randers FC 17.04.05 2-2
Randers FC - Silkeborg IF 07.11.04 4-0
Silkeborg have a good chance of winning this match and I believe I will go for a away win in this match.
Silkeborg to win.
Vejle - FC Kobenhavn
FCK coach Stale Solbakken has told Danish newspaper BT that he will rest a lot of the biggest profiles int he team. Michael Gravgaard, Jesper Gronkjaer, Lars Jacobsen and Tobias Linderoth are some of the players he will rest. FCK players Fredrik Berglund and Ailton Almeida are out with injuries.
FCK will meet Vejle who will be relegated and this is their last match in teh Superliga for this time.
FC København - Vejle BK 29.10.06 3-0
Vejle BK - FC København 19.08.06 0-4
FC København - Vejle BK 01.05.02 2-1
Vejle BK - FC København 10.03.02 1-3
This is a match that FCK should have won easily if they had something to play for. But FCK will save a lot of players and I believe Vejle could have a chance in this match.
Vejle to win and more than 2.5 goals are playable bets in this match.
Any comments ? Good luck if you follow my picks !

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Style #:
For further details regarding our pricavy policies including the use of cookies please click here. For instructions on how to enable cookies please click here. If you need assistance one of our customer service representatives at 1-800-850-7463 would be glad to help.
Price: $194.95
Sale Price: $0.00 Save 100%
Select Your Size
Then, Select Your Width
Additional Views
A must have in every fashion loving man's shoe collection, this Tampa slip on loafer for men showcases timeless elegance with a punch of sophistication and comfort. Created with faux croc embossed leather and a trim rubber sole, these mocs have a sophisticated bearing that is perfectly at home with slacks and a sport coat. , making it the perfect footwear whether you are if you are on your feet all day long or just chilling on the sun deck.
No Customers Have Reviewed This Product Yet
Share your thoughts with other customers
Enter email address to join our mailing list


text:
Find hotels in Carteret using the list and search tools below. Find cheap and discounted hotel/motel rates in or nearby Carteret, NJ for your personal leisure or group travel. We provide the best Carteret, New Jersey motel and hotel rooms. Browse the Carteret area hotels to find the perfect lodging! Please use the provided map of the Carteret hotels. Booking 5+ Rooms? Find Carteret Group Hotel DiscountsThe Carteret center point is about 2 miles from Rossville and 3 miles from Arden Heights.
Carteret Hotels/Motels & Accommodations
Next 20 Carteret Hotels > [1 - 20 of 50]
Next: See My Carteret Hotels with Pricing >


text:
The Boy Scouts of America places the greatest importance on creating the most secure environment possible for our youth members. To maintain such an environment, the BSA developed numerous procedural and leadership selection policies and provides parents and leaders with resources for the Cub Scout, Boy Scout, and Venturing programs. All registered BSA leaders are required to complete youth protection training every two years.
Click image to see the Youth Protection process
Click here for an overview of Youth Protection National policies and resources.
Click here for information on Youth Protection training and to access online training.
Click here to view more information, historical youth protection timelines and more regarding the BSA and IV Files.
Click here to read the letter from our Scout Executive, Tom Dugger, regarding Youth Protection and recent news releases.
BSA policy and Ohio and Kentucky state laws also obligates anyone with knowledge of child abuse to report to local authorities. If you know or suspect a child has been abused, contact your local police department or call your local child abuse reporting hotline:
|Boone County, KY
|(859) 371-8832
|Brown County, OH
|(937) 378-6104
|Butler County, OH
|(800) 325-2685
|Campbell County, KY
|(859) 292-6733
|Clermont County, OH
|Gallatin County, KY
|(859) 567-7381
|Grant County, KY
|(859) 824-4471
|Hamilton County, OH
|Kenton County, KY
|(859) 292-6340
|Owen County, KY
|(502) 484-3937
|Pendleton County, KY
|(859) 654-3381
|Warren County, OH
|(513) 695-1546


text:
Tag Archives: 91
The Big Reunion Tour Brighton Centre!
All six acts from the hit TV show will be hitting the road this May to wow audiences in arenas up and down the country including the Brighton Centre on Monday 13th May, 2013! Don't miss out on the chance … Continue reading
Posted in Blog Tagged 91, Atomick kitten, B*witched, Brighton Centre, Five, Honeyz, Liberty x, Sea Spray Hote, The big reunion Leave a comment


text:
The lightweight Cosmo stroller with quick 3-Second Fold®, folds easily and compactly and is self-standing. A wide, reclinable seat with breathable air-mesh fabric, infant safety boot, footrest and 5-point harness make for a safe and comfortable environment for your child. The adjustable canopy includes a storage pocket and viewing window. The carrying strap, storage basket, removable padded guardrail with child cup/snack holder and washable seat cushion add convenience.
- Compatible with the SHUTTLE to form a travel system
- Folds in 3 seconds with the 3-Second Fold®
- 5-point harness system
- Infant safety boot
- Multi-position reclining seat
- Wide seating area
- Removable guardrail with child cup/snack holder
- Adjustable canopy with storage pocket and viewing window
- Removable and washable seat cushion
- Storage basket
- Carrying strap
- Open dimensions: 32.5 in (l) x 21.25 in (w) x 40 in (h)
- Closed dimensions: 17.75 in (l) x 10.5 in (w) x 40.2 in (h)
- Product weight: 13.4 lb
- Weight capacity: 55 lb
Shipping Note: This item ships via FedEx Ground within contiguous United States only. Cannot be shipped to AK/HI, PO boxes, US territories, or APO/FPO addresses.


text:
« Exit photo gallery
Bo Obama
Here's a look at the life of the First Dog.
Bo climbs the back stairs of Air Force One at Tyndall Air Force Base in Florida, as the first family retursn to Washington from a weekend in Panama City Beach on the Gulf coast, August 15, 2010.(Photo: Reuters)
Please see the Comments FAQ if you have any additional questions or email your thoughts to email@example.com powered by Disqus
More: See all POLITICO photo galleries
Did you know that this gallery has keyboard shortcuts? Use your left and right arrows to navigate through the gallery.


text:
Buy Tickets Film Comment Double Feature
Show From Series
Thursday, April 24
Friday, April 25
Saturday, April 26
Sunday, April 27
Monday, April 28
Tuesday, April 29
Wednesday, April 30
Film Comment Double Feature
December 02, 2014
Film Comment magazine resurrects the lost art of the double feature with monthly pairings of cinematic classics, cult and otherwise. Enjoy two films for the price of one! Read more »


text: Prev | Next Purchase this photo Toril Lavender/ For The Herald-Dispatch Sydney Turner, 4, and Katelyn Sexton, 10, eat fruit kabobs as part of Kellogg Elementary's new after-school community health education program Wednesday. The program includes two, 30-minute sessions that focus on nutrition and exercise. Gallery: Kellogg Elementary starts new health, nutrition program Feb. 02, 2011 @ 08:58 PM 2011/The Herald-Dispatch Kellogg Elementary has started a new health and nutrition program that involves students and parents. ()


text:
NOTE: Technical support is not included with this software purchase. StatSoft provides free e-learning materials and a user forum. For additional support and training options:
STATISTICA 10 – Ultimate Academic Bundle
All these desktop products are included:
The STATISTICA line of software consists of a fully integrated line of analytic, graphics, and data management solutions, developed and refined over more than 25 years, and validated over decades by hundreds of thousands of individual users and in enterprise installations worldwide.
If you know how to use windows applications like Excel or Microsoft Word, you already know how to use STATISTICA. There are no proprietary languages to learn or cumbersome imports/exports between platforms. For example, Excel data can be opened directly, as Excel spreadsheets, from inside STATISTICA. Familiar graphical query-builder tools are provided to connect directly to external databases for in-place asynchronous data processing.
Free e-learning resources are available:
Features of STATISTICA Ultimate Academic Bundle (includes STATISTICA Data Miner)
STATISTICA Data Miner is the most comprehensive and effective system of user-friendly tools for the entire data mining process - from querying databases to generating final reports
STATISTICA Data Miner is optimized for use with large data files and with the latest version has been enhanced further to speed computation time and improve scalability and performance. The tools process extremely large data files efficiently by extensive use of multithreading. (see benchmark comparisons)
To the best of our knowledge, STATISTICA Data Miner contains the most comprehensive selection of data mining methods available on the market; e.g., by far the most comprehensive selection of clustering techniques, neural networks architectures, classification/regression trees (also called recursive partitioning methods), multivariate modeling (including MARSplines, Support Vector Machines), association and sequence analysis (an optional add-on), and many other predictive techniques; even methods for advanced/true simulation and optimization of models are provided.
STATISTICA Data Miner also provides the largest selection of graphics and visualization procedures of any competing products, to enable effective data exploration and visual data mining.
STATISTICA Data Miner can process, read, and write data from virtually all standard file formats, can directly access and process/score databases (even without performing explicit import/export operations), and it can import and export files from legacy (or competing) products.
STATISTICA Data Miner also provides the most effective data pre-processing, cleaning, and filtering tools for effective feature selection from among thousands (or even a million) of candidate predictors, automatic optimal binning, options to merge multiple data sources, align data based on multiple criteria including time-stamps at unequal intervals (data aggregation), deal with missing data, remove duplicate records, outliers, etc.
STATISTICA Data Miner provides effective wizards (Data Miner Recipes) to get to useful results solutions quickly; STATISTICA Data Miner also provides the familiar workspace drag-and-drop interface to create custom workflows, allows interactive detailed drill down into specific intermediate and final results, and is fully programmable and customizable.
STATISTICA – Ultimate Academic Bundle is compatible with Windows XP, Windows Vista, Windows 7, and Windows 8.


text:
It's not about HTML5 or skeuomorphism, it's about usability
There were a couple of interesting comments on usability, interface, and experience today, one coming from Facebook's Mark Zuckerberg, who acknowledged they bet wrong on HTML5, and the other from unnamed sources who suggest Apple is deeply split along Scot Forstall vs Jonathan Ive lines when it comes to skeuomorphic vs more digitally authentic design.
Zuckerberg made his mea culpa on stage at TechCrunch Disrupt, according to Drew Olanoff of TechCrunch he said:
Mark Zuckerberg revealed that Facebook's mobile strategy relied too much on HTML5, rather than native applications. Not only was this a big mistake with mobile, but Zuckerberg says that its biggest mistake period was the focus on HTML5. This is the first time that the Facebook CEO has openly admitted this, but things are looking good for the new iOS native app. According to Zuckerberg, people are consuming twice as many feed stories since the update to the new iOS app, which is great.
Austin Carr at Fast Company, meanwhile, asks, "Will Apple's Tacky Software-Design Philosophy Cause A Revolt?". He's referring to skeuomorphism, which means taking design or ornamentation from the real world and transposing it to the digital world in an attempt to make a more familiar, relatable, fancy, or fun interface. For example, making a reading app look and work like a real world book.
Inside Apple, tension has brewed for years over the issue. Apple iOS SVP Scott Forstall is said to push for skeuomorphic design, while industrial designer Jony Ive and other Apple higher-ups are said to oppose the direction. "You could tell who did the product based on how much glitz was in the UI," says one source intimately familiar with Apple's design process.
Despite the provocative headline, however, there are some problems with the core assumptions. For example, not all fancy, elaborate, even ostentatious designs are skeuomorphic or vice versa. Wrapping something in leather doesn't make it skeuomorphic, and making something skeuomorphic doesn't mean it has to involve radio knobs or needle pointers. Even if we restrict it to actual skeuomorphism, there's very little argument on either side of the issue. Does skeuomorphism add to the experience or take away? Add to the information density or or the noise? Does it lower user stress or increase it? Does it make the app more accessible or less accessible? More visually interesting or more distracting?
The question isn't whether skeuomorphism is good or bad, but is Apple currently using it effectively in iOS and OS X? In some cases, I think so. In others, I think they've missed the mark. But design is a process not a end point. It's looping iterations.
(Speaking of which, for really great takes on skeuomorphism from some of the people most directly involved and invested, check out the guests we've had on our Iterate podcast, especially de With, Mantia, Maheux, Brichter, Jardine, and Wiskus.)
Whatever your thoughts on HTML5 and skeumorphism, though, the most influential companies in the world caring deeply about usability, interface, and experience is an insanely great thing.
Have something to say about this story? Leave a comment! Need help with something else? Ask in our forums!
Reader comments
It's not about HTML5 or skeuomorphism, it's about usability
I'd prefer if the amount of faux-pages you saw on either side gave a rough approximation of how many pages were actually there in either direction.
Find my Friends was supposed to add fun and flare to what otherwise would be a database on a map...
Awesome. Thanks for listening!
There's a huge difference between skueomorphism and skinning. iBooks to some extent absolutely is skeuomorphism, and it worked to the product's success. iBooks not only looks like a paged book, but behaves like one too. Pages curl and turn. There's nothing skeuomorphic about Find My Friends. It's a skin over very standardized iOS design conventions. Nav bar, tab bar, buttons, segmented controls. In no way does Find My Friends exhibit any actual functionality reminiscent of a leather desk accessory... thing. That's not skeuomorphism. That's skinning.
Two things: first, this article would be immensely better if there was a definition of skeuomorphism included at the beginning. I'm no noob, but still had to jump to MacRumors for an accurate definition. Second, like skeuomorphism or not, it would be hard/more complicated/ruffle more feathers IMO to remove something like the leather stitching in Find My Friends than to simply keep what has already been developed. New updates of course are on the table for consideration if the added aesthetic diminished the performance of the device.
Added! Thanks!
Jony Ive is a great industrial designer, but I don't believe he has much (any?) software design experience. These are two very different things. People often confuse Jony Ive for "SVP of Design" but there's no single lead designer at the company. Jony is the SVP of Industrial Design, the physical look and construction of their hardware products. Nothing to do with software. That's not to say he's not entitled to his opinion or in some cases might be valid, but he's not experienced with creating software.
"But it's still to far ahead of the performance curve and doesn't provide a great user experience."
Did you mean "behind" the performance curve or am I reading that line wrong. Seems to me HTML is behind the performance curve.
In any event, I agree with the stance on HTML5. We tend to steer our clients away from HTML5 apps when they ask our opinion for some of the same reasons (but there are a few times when HTML5 is actually the better choice).
It requires performance that isn't there yet. Poorly worded on my part. Fixing. Thanks!
I disagree 100%. The podcast app suffers nothing from it's skeuomorphism. And it's used very little. Most of the app is very standard controls with skinned elements. The only skeuomorphic element in the app is the reel to reel, which is understandable because there is no visual for an audio podcast besides the artwork. The button controls beneath the reel-to-reel are common podcast scrubbing elements and are not intrusive, out of place, or unrecognizable because of the realistic reel-to-reel above it. Not in the slightest.
I agree 100% that the tape reel look in the podcasts app is bordering on bad skeuomorphism.
At first, I thought the tape reel look for audio podcasts was very cool looking and clever. But then I thought "why am I 'watching' an 'audio' podcast? If anything, I'm using more battery power to look at a fake reel spin and it gives no additional value to the podcast listening experience."
What's next? Adding fake theatre screen curtains to video podcasts, and have the curtains open dramatically before playing the 'movie' (video) like the pre-1980s theatres? At the very least, the curtains go away as soon as the video starts, vs a constantly running tape reel that only eats processor clock and batt power.
As a user, I'll always take native apps over HTML5. As a developer, I can understand not wanting to deal with all of the platform issues.
As far as the skeuomorphism goes, I guess I'm on the fence. For the most part, I think it is kind of tacky, although it never really bothers me. It would only bother me if it came at the expense of more interesting features and functionality.
I push HTML5 to my clients all the time. Otherwise, I have to charge them for 2 or 3 times to write the same app on a different platform. Some clients want a native app, regardless. But the majority like a consistent look and feel across all platforms, even if it means performance will suffer a bit.
That makes a lot of sense. With native apps, you get a bit more performance and access to more functionality, but if you don't need either of those, HTML5 is a good way to go.
However, for a $50 billion company like Facebook, it seems like they should have known better. With an installed base of 100 million plus, they should be ale to afford to put in the extra effort to create native apps.
if it isn't native, it's a compromise. html5 is the compromise required by companies that don't really get the whole mobile thing. they would very much like to redefine mobile devices as portable browsers, which means reduced staffing costs, since web trained developers are cheap and in abundant supply. the compromise for cost and convenience is really a betrayal of the true promise of the mobile device as a tool for the elevation of software to a human level, which is what is really meant when we speak of 'exceptional experiences'. it's gratifying to see some companies (FB, Twitter) begin to realize that the compromise is just that, that everyone knows fake crabmeat when they see it, and that choosing the better experience for their customers is good business.
As much as some of the skeumorphism can be an eyesore, I think Steve Jobs pushed for it because it fit in with the same goal as the minimalist hardware i.e. to make the machine disappear. You don't see the physical hardware or the buttons and there are no USB ports, etc to intimidate novice users. Likewise the rich textures (skinning) and the interactive concepts (Skeumorphic) provide a distraction away from the 'technical computer plastic and metal bits' and ease the learning curve for the masses who are new to computing. I think the aim with the iPad is not to provide a great tablet for existing computer users, but more-so to bring the advantages of computing to the uninitiated masses. And 30 years of selling hardware and software have provided enough examples as to what intimidates most users. So ultimately I think the skeumorphic and skinning concepts are brilliant, just not executed very elegantly. And thats where the refinement needs to happen.


text:
Find hotels & motels in Stoney Creek using the list below. Find discounted hotel accommodations in or close to Stoney Creek, ON for your business or personal leisure travel. Discover the most favored Stoney Creek Ontario hotel rooms. Review the Stoney Creek hotel list below to find the perfect lodging. We also have a map of the Stoney Creek hotels.The Stoney Creek center point is around 6 miles from Grimsby Amtrak Station and 7 miles from Gage Park.
Stoney Creek Hotels/Accommodations
Next 20 Stoney Creek Hotels > [1 - 20 of 50]
Next: See My Stoney Creek Hotels with Pricing >


text:
Love and Light Productions, cannot guarantee the accuracy of any calendar event listing. Love and Light Productions, maintains Event Calendar for your personal entertainment, information, education, and communication. Except as noted, there is no affiliation between the Love and Light Productions, and any of the listed events, event organizers, or event sponsors. Love and Light Productions, assumes no responsibility for any aspect of the calendar events. Love and Light Productions, has not reviewed all of the sites linked from the Event Calendar and is not responsible for the contents of any off-site pages or any other sites linked to the Site. Your linking to any other off-site pages or other sites is at your own risk.
Please send questions about this Web site to .
Copyright © 2005-2014 Love Light Producctions. All rights reserved.
Terms of Use / Legal Disclaimer / Privacy Statement
Site Design and Manage by MacBusiness Consulting


text:
Didn't Brown come out and say he was at fault for that 1st TD pass? He had a deflected pass go his way for an interception and picked u a fumble caused by Hill. The interception he had in the Panthers game was in garbage time.
my one friend is also a huge giants fan like myself, and he is always super positive about the Giants, like after this week's game i texted him that we looked good but worried about the lack of a pass rush. it didn't bother him.
the one thing i have heard negative from him in the last couple of years about the giants was about AB. he said a couple weeks ago that AB has lost his quickness and is done. i believe a lot of people thought that.
also hixon does look great. great ****in hands, he has made some impressive catches this year.
Retweeted by Rueben Randle
@Katdaddyjay 17h
@RuebenRandle @OBJ_3 @Giants
I'm glad we have at least one player who's a ball hawking. Rolle was supposed to be that but he plays like a linebacker.
2014 season
23 rushes for 255yards 3td
39 pancake blocks
50 tackles 3 sacks (3 td saving tackles including final tackle as time expired to clinch win, hit of the game 9/14 & 10/26 )
9-0-1 record///// invited to play in tiny mite bowl and beat the team we tied in regular season
youtube (youth football Iselin Giants and look for video that's 4 mins 19sec)


text:
Professor of Economics
On leave for the 2014-15 academic year.
210 Dudley Coe Building
Prof. Khan holds a First Class Honours B.Sc. degree in Economics, Sociology, and Statistics from the University of Surrey in England; an M.A. in Economics from McMaster University in Canada; and a Ph.D. in Economics from UCLA. She has been a visiting scholar at Boalt Hall School of Law (Berkeley), UCLA School of Law, Harvard University, the NBER, Research Fellow at the Institute for Advanced Studies at Australian National University, and Senior Fellow at the Lemelson Center.
She is a member of the National Bureau of Economic Research, a Trustee of the Cliometric Society, and a former Fulbright Scholar. In 2004 she was awarded the prestigious Griliches Fellowship, which the National Bureau of Economic Research grants once every two years to an empirical economist. Her book, The Democratization of Invention: Patents and Copyrights in American Economic Development, 1790-1920 (Cambridge University Press, 2005), was awarded the Alice Hanson Jones Biennial Prize for an outstanding work in North American economic history.
Khan's research examines issues in law and economic history, including intellectual property rights, and technological progress in Europe and the United States. She is currently working on a large-scale empirical project that analyzes the nature and consequences of institutions (such as legal rules and patent systems) for the paths of technological change and economic growth in the U.S. and the major European countries from 1750 through 1930. The project examines different incentive/reward systems such as prizes and patents, and the sources of variation in important innovations. She is working on two books, dealing with the "great inventors and inventions" of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, and the award of technological prizes and patenting across countries.
Another research area comprises the nexus between courts and commerce in frontier regions (including the issue of litigious plaintiffs and the role of wealth in outcomes in early American courts), the evolution of law between the period of the Articles of Confederation and the ratification of the U.S. Constitution, and the link between innovation and the enforcement of antitrust laws in the late 20th century. Her work has informed policy at such institutions as the World Bank, the Commonwealth Secretariat, and the British Commission on Intellectual Property Rights.
Prof. Khan is fond of jazz and rock music, Boston (the city), Expressionist art, black and white movies, biographies, and nineteenth-century novels. If she weren't an economist, the difficult choice between restaurant reviewer and chef would be resolved by her taste for consumption rather than production.


text:
Friday, October 4, 2013
Stephon Johnson wanted by the Goose Creek Police Department for the murder of William Kuhn is still at-large.
Investigators are asking anyone with information regarding Johnson's whereabouts to contact their local law enforcement agency or Crime Stoppers at (843) 554-1111.
A white female and a dark colored sedan are being sought. She is believed to have been traveling in the sedan around the time of Kuhn's murder. Investigators believe this individual is one of the last persons to see William Kuhn before his death and may be able to provide information to further the investigation.
Investigators are asking anyone with information about the identity of this female or where she might be located to contact Crime Stoppers at (843) 554-1111 or Investigator Paul Tremblay at the Goose Creek Police Department at (843)) 863-5200 ext. 2463.
The Journal Scene is pleased to offer readers the enhanced ability to comment on stories. We expect our readers to engage in lively, yet civil discourse. We do not edit user submitted statements and we cannot promise that readers will not occasionally find offensive or inaccurate comments posted in the comments area. Responsibility for the statements posted lies with the person submitting the comment, not The Journal Scene.
If you find a comment that is objectionable, please click "report abuse" and we will review it for possible removal. Please be reminded, however, that in accordance with our Terms of Use and federal law, we are under no obligation to remove any third party comments posted on our website. Read our full terms and conditions.
© 2015 The Journal Scene an Evening Post Industries company. All Rights Reserved.
Registration on or use of this site constitutes acceptance of our Terms of Service, Privacy Policy and Parental Consent Form.


text:
This page houses upcoming relief projects from NYU's partner organizations.
For a listing of numerous non-profits and grassroots organizations with service opportunities available for Hurricane Relief, explore the Volunteer Hurricane Sandy page »
The Church of St. Luke and St. Matthew is hosting a holiday gift-wrapping and card-making party for children and families affected by Hurricane Sandy. They have toys, wrapping paper, and supplies but feel free to bring in our own gifts and materials.
When: Saturday, December 22nd 10AM – 3PM
Where: 520 Clinton Ave, Brooklyn, NY 11238
What: Wrap gifts and make holiday cards for children affected by Hurricane Sandy!
There will be cookies and hot drinks!
RSVP for NYU ID-holders | RSVP for non NYU ID-holders
Email: email@example.com
Phone: (347) 770-4520
**Update: All volunteer positions have been filled thanks to involvement from the NYU community. Thank you!**
Unexpected circumstances have created a critical need for volunteers at Our Lady of Sorrows Soup Kitchen during this holiday season.
3-6 volunteers are needed to assist in preparing and distributing meals to the hungry on four dates: December 26th (W) and 28th (F), and January 2nd (W) and 4th (F). Shifts are from 9:30 to 1:00, and can include food prep, shelf stocking, food service, and minor crowd management. (Opportunities for continued service will exist into the new year as well.)
Our Lady of Sorrows
213 Stanton Street, New York, NY 10002
Contact: Nivia Mendez - firstname.lastname@example.com, 646-323-5533
RSVP for NYU ID-holders | RSVP for non NYU ID-holders
Please indicate which day or days you are signing up for.
TIME'S UP! continues its disaster relief bike rides to the Rockaways to deliver food, blankets, bike-powered electrical stations, demolition assistance, distribution assistance, and free bike repair to neighborhoods devastated by hurricane Sandy.
Volunteers should bring their own bicycles and should be competent cyclists. (No need to be tour de france level; Time's Up members are all ages, all builds, all levels of ability. But you should be comfortable on the road.)
Logistics: Choose either of two meet-ups - at 9:00 at the Time's Up workshop in Williamsburg, Brooklyn, or at 9:30 at the Occupy Sandy hub at 520 Clinton Avenue, Brooklyn (the Church of St. Luke and St. Matthew). There, we'll pick up food, medical supplies, and more, and then ride to the Rockaways.
From a distribution hub at Beach 96th St, we'll self-organize into work groups helping to drop off goods, redistribute supplies to home-ridden seniors, help with demolition and construction, and provide free bike repair and bicycle-generated electrical power. We'll bike back as a group, arriving to North Brooklyn by about 6:00.
Bring racks, panniers, bungie cords, and backpacks. Time's Up has a number of aluminium cargo trailers available for use; contact the group to arrange one beforehand, or arrive to the first meetup at 99 S 6th Street.
Among numerous projects this November, NYU students participated in a day of action to bring relief NYC residents in the Rockaways.
Read More
Stay Connected: sign up for email updates, and connect on Facebook and Twitter »
Center for Student Activities, Leadership and Service
Office of Government and Community Affairs
Office of Civic Engagment


text:
» 2011 » April
New York Fashion Week Spring 2014: Best Beauty Looks »
Mercedes-Benz Fashion Week is now over and we get to see all the photos from the shows, backstage, and front rows. See the best beauty looks from the latest fashion shows and learn what trends will be hot in Spring 2014.12-09-2013 | Read Full Article
5 Glorious Beauty Trends of Fall 2013 »
The Fall season brought us some truly glorious beauty trends. You may choose between wearing lipstick or eyeshadow, between sheens and textures, and hues like orange and black. Hair and nail trends are too quite exciting.05-09-2013 | Read Full Article
Beauty Report: 2013 MTV Video Music Awards »
2013 MTV Video Music Awards took place in New York, Brooklyn, Barclays Center where the stars – nominees, presenters, and performers – gathered on the red carpet to show off their outfits and beauty looks. Here is our beauty report on the show.26-08-2013 | Read Full Article
Silver Eyeshadow Makeup Ideas »
Silver eyeshadow is super trendy this summer and fall. There are quite a few ways to wear it and we simply love the idea of playing with colors, sheens, and textures.09-08-2013 | Read Full Article
Natalia Vodianova for Guerlain "Voilette de Madame" Fall 2013 make-up collection »
Natalia Vodianova for Guerlain Make-up takes a very important place in any lady's life. Even if she claims to not use all those beauty products due to her natural appeal, she still does. She has to, just in sake of stressing what she was blessed by nature. This is exactly why so many brands are […]01-08-2013 | Read Full Article
Maria Menounos Shows Off Her Flat Tummy For Women's Health »
Maria Menounos has appeared on the cover of the Women's Health magazine for July 2013 revealing her workout secrets and other beauty tricks.29-07-2013 | Read Full Article
Latest Celebrity Hair Transformations »
Celebrity hair is almost always an inspiration. Having arguably the best hairstylists who make sure to keep with the latest trends celebs show off their hair transformations whether they change their look for the job or just for the fun of it.25-07-2013 | Read Full Article
5 Low-Calorie Ice-Cream Alternatives »
Some regions are known for scorching summers and one delicious way to beat it is ice-cream. But since it's packed with fats and sugar these five cool low-calorie alternatives are worth to try.18-07-2013 | Read Full Article
5 Easy Cooling Low-Sugar Drinks For Summer »
Sugar in summer drinks can make us pack pounds while we want to stay bikini-ready throughout the season. These 5 cooling homemade drinks are low on sugar (or at least can be if you want them to be) and can come in a variety of different flavors every time.12-07-2013 | Read Full Article
Best of Fall 2013 Haute Couture Beauty »
Haute couture fashion week went as usual bringing lots of new and not really new ideas design and beauty-wise. Dior showed another take on statement lips while Versace went for a 'fluttering eyes' look. See the best of Fall 2013 haute couture beauty here.08-07-2013 | Read Full Article
beuatifulon Celebrity Smile Tips: How to get Hollywood smile
Srsly.. NEVER put egg in your hair. I...on Natural Remedies to Make your Hair Grow Faster
Your hot like a jasicca albaon Harry Potter Stars Sharing their Toned Body Secrets
I love it!!on Kim Kardashian New Hair Color
Actually, I do belong to a combined skin colour type. I had...on Note About Skin Color Types
Beautifulon Celebrity Smile Tips: How to get Hollywood smile
Beauty & Health Archive
Beauty Archive is for those who are interested in a bit of beauty history. Old ad campaigns of your favorite makeup or beauty product brands, past trends and looks and beauty secrets of yesterday are all here for you to rediscover, refer to or compare. We keep records of beauty every day for your information and use. Everything new gets dated with time as our world develops and progresses. So does the beauty industry and its new fads, treatments and news. All the new campaigns today will be dated tomorrow but we keep them for you to enjoy, go back to and get inspired by. Check out our Beauty Archive to know all about date beauty secrets and treatments.


text:
New Zealand Womens World Cup Squad Announced
KIWI Ferns squad for this year's women's rugby league World Cup.
Green Blues up against experienced Maroons
NEW South Wales must overcome Queensland's massive start in the experience stakes to win the 2003 State of Origin rugby league series.
Carroll free to tackle the Blues
QUEENSLAND lock Tonie Carroll has been cleared to play in the opening State of Origin match against New South Wales after escaping a National Rugby League suspension. Carroll pleaded guilty to a dangerous throw on Newcastle prop Josh Perry in Brisbane's 32-22 loss at Suncorp Stadium on Sunday.
Kennedy to ease up at Blues training
NEW South Wales second rower Ben Kennedy will be restricted in training this week despite Blues medical staff giving him the all-clear to play in next week's opening State of Origin game in Brisbane.
Old fashioned arm wrestle in the making
NEW South Wales has set the scene for an old-fashioned State of Origin arm wrestle with its selection of Shaun Timmins at five-eighth for game one in Brisbane. Blues coach Phil Gould and chairman of selectors Bob Mccarthy have conceded Timmins' selection has been made with his defence in mind.
Ignore Timmins at your peril Queensland: Daley and Barrett
FORMER New South Wales five-eighths Laurie Daley and Trent Barrett have warned Queensland to ignore the attacking skills of the Blues' latest number six at their own peril.
Harrigan appointed to opening Origin match
REFEREE Bill Harrigan has been appointed to control next week's opening State of Origin game - his 11th in a row and 19th overall. Harrigan has already refereed more matches than any other whistleblower.
Valiant Jets pipped at the post
THE Sydney Airport Jets' 28-26 loss to the Roosters last Saturday faithfully followed an age-old Newtown script, with the gallant Jets taking their more fancied opponents right to the wire, only to be denied victory virtually in the final moments of the game. There certainly could be no doubting the Jets' courage, as they went into this game with several key players missing through injury, and suffered more losses during the match. Newtown was actually down to two men on the interchange bench for the entire second half, up against a crack Roosters side boasting several players who could command NRL spots with a number of other clubs. The game was tied up 12-all at half-time, and the Jets looked to be long odds as the Roosters swept to a 24-12 lead early in the second half. The Sydney Airport Jets staged a thrilling fightback, scoring three great tries to lead by 26-24, only to see the Roosters save the match with a try less than two minutes from the final siren. The best performers in a hard working Sydney Airport Jets team were Tabua Cakacaka, Russell Richardson (three tries), Billy Najarrin, the impressive Dean Loder, Trevor Schodel, Craig West and Troy Barnes. Second rower Joe Lichaa, in only his second game of the season, made forty tackles and played out the entire eighty minutes. In the Jim Beam Cup curtain raiser at Henson Park, Newtown led Guildford 10-8 at the break. The Jets were off their game badly in the second half, as the visitors ran away to a 40-10 win. The Sydney Airport Jets are at home again this Saturday (June 7), when they play St. George-Illawarra in the NSW Premier League at Henson Park. This is a stand alone match kicking off at 3pm. In the Jim Beam Cup, Newtown travels to Ringrose Park to play Wentworthville, with this match due to start at 4.30 pm on Saturday.
Broncos Appeal For Welsh Support Next Week
LONDON Broncos club captain has appealed to Welsh fans attending Sunday's Tetley's Super League game in Aberavon to remember which club it is that is staging the event.
Wigan Warriors Ticket Special
MONDAY 2nd June 2003
Cowboys sign Travis Norton
THE North Queensland Cowboys have announced the signing of Bulldogs lock Travis Norton.
Raiders at full strength for clash with Eels
TABLE-TOPPING Canberra has named a full strength team to host Parramatta in Saturday night's National Rugby League match at Canberra Stadium.
Cronulla Upset With Peachey Rumours
THE Cronulla camp was both miffed and angered on Thursday at more talk of classy fullback David Peachey leaving the National Rugby League club next season.
Richard Villansanti returns for Sharks game
A year ago prop Richard Villasanti was leading from the front in a Vodafone Warriors team riding high in the NRL. Now he founds himself thrust back into action for a team desperate to get back on the winning path against the Cronulla Sharks at Ericsson Stadium on Saturday.
Swann to appear in Court on assault charge
KIWI rugby league forward Logan Swann is due to appear in court tomorrow to face a charge of assault. The New Zealand Warriors say the second rower has received a summons to appear in Auckland District Court.