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Wednesday, November 14, 2012
Kirby Easler and Grabel are heading for The Big Apple and a date with David Lettermans Late Show on CBS.
The St. Stephen native and College of Charleston student and her Yorkie were one of four acts selected in a nationwide audition to appear on the Late Show and its popular Stupid Pet Tricks segment. The CBS program airs nightly at 11:30 p.m.; Easler and Grabel were poised for a possible Tuesday night appearance.
Im so excited; Ive been shaking since I got the voicemail from the producer, Easler said. I am one of four acts, so I have a 75 percent chance of actually being on television.
Producers brought in one extra act in case one of the pets wasnt able to perform on camera. Easler taught Grabel, her 8-year-old Yorkshire Terrier to say, Obama!
The producers said with it being the week of the election and that its really topical right now, they really want to use Grabels trick, Easler said.
Easler received the news she and Grabel had been selected just last Friday. She, her dog, and her mother Jennifer flew out of Charleston for the Big Apple on Monday, and were whisked by limousine to a hotel on Broadway across the street from the Ed Sullivan Theater where The Late Show is taped.
They were scheduled to make their first appearance on the legendary stage at the Ed Sullivan Theater at a 1 p.m. rehearsal. Lettermans show is taped from 4:30 to 5:30 p.m.
Usually it takes up to six months to get on the show, but they decided this in a little over two weeks, Easler said.
Easler was scheduled to appear on Lettermans Tuesday Nov. 13, show. Easler and Grabel auditioned for Letterman talent scouts in Charleston on Oct. 21.
The talent producers were immediately impressed with Grabel, said Easler, who added that the act was selected out of more than 40 various contestants. They filmed Grabels trick and those were presented before a panel of judges who then (selected the pets) they wanted on the show.
Easler began training Grabel around two years ago using treats. Originally Grabel would growl Momma, and depending on the treat it would morph into Yo momma, or My momma, until finally they settled on Obama.
What he says depends on how good your treat is, Easler said. The better the treat the louder.
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text:
An automated retail terminal in which a plurality of goods and/or services are provided in an integrated system. The integrated system generally avoids duplicating hardware or functions in the course of delivering the goods or services offered, so for example in a combination ATM and Internet kiosk the same credit card or smart card reader is used for both the ATM and the Internet kiosk functions, the same control screen activates the ATM functions and the Internet functions, and etc.
1. An integrated banking and transaction machine for use by a consumer to purchase access to retail ATM services, comprising:
an automated teller machine;
a user interface to the automated teller machine;
means for identifying the user to the automated teller machine, further comprising a smart card/magnetic stripe reader/encoder and a sensor;
an Internet interface to an Intranet connection to the automated teller machine that uses encryption services and security services to provide the user access to the user interface and retail ATM service; and
access to the automated teller machine user interface whereupon the consumer may selectively dispense encodable currency using the integrated banking and transaction machine providing the retail ATM service;
wherein the consumer can purchase access to the retail ATM service through use of the user interface, Intranet and Internet connections.
2. The integrated banking and transaction machine according to
3. The integrated banking and transaction machine according to
4. The integrated banking and transaction machine according to
5. The integrated banking and transaction machine according to
6. The integrated banking and transaction machine according to
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10. The integrated banking and transaction machine according to
11. The integrated banking and transaction machine according to
12. The integrated banking and transaction machine according to
13. The integrated banking and transaction machine according to
14. The integrated banking and transaction machine according to
15. The integrated banking and transaction machine according to
16. The integrated banking and transaction machine according to
This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 11/818,217, filed on Jun. 13, 2007, which is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 11/123,982, filed on May 6, 2005 which is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 09/180,558, filed on Nov. 6, 1998, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,945,457, which is a national stage of PCT/US97/08089 filed May 9, 1997 which claims the benefit of the filing date of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/017,533 filed May 10, 1996, the disclosures of all of which are hereby incorporated herein by reference.
The invention relates to retail terminals for automated transactions and a unique system design therefor.
For decades, retail sales and services have been automated to greater or lesser degrees. Historically in many European countries, shopkeepers of bakeries and other purveyors have long provided simple vending machines to dispense their products at their street entrances after business hours. More ambitiously automated restaurants are already legendary in the history of the United States. Other and more recent entrants in the automated retail sales and service industries include automated teller machines (ATMs), custom greeting card kiosks, automated lottery machines and other home and commercial business terminals including various Internet services available via personal computer.
Retail terminal technology generally, however, has been pervaded by a fundamental flaw which itself has gone completely unrecognized. This flaw becomes apparent when one considers the piecemeal character of retail terminals of all types in the applicable prior art. Without any known exception, automated retail functions are provided only to address particular and narrow needs. An ATM may dispense postage stamps, but treats the stamp sheets virtually as an alternate currency in a limited menu of deposit and cash access services. Lottery machines dispense lottery tickets; insurance machines dispense insurance policies; and fancy pay telephones and the most advanced home computers function primarily as old-fashioned credit card order lines for the various products and services available online. In short, even in the most recent instances the only advantage in retail automation has been the same as it has been for many years—the elimination of the human attendant.
A need thus remains for an innovation in the area of automated retail goods and services in which an automated transaction machine does more than merely provide existing goods and services in a simple automated way.
In order to meet this need, the present invention is an automated retail terminal in which a plurality of goods and/or services is provided in an integrated system. The integrated system generally avoids duplicating hardware or functions in the course of delivering the goods or services offered, so for example in a combination ATM and Internet kiosk the same credit card or smart card reader is used for both the ATM and the Internet kiosk functions, the same control screen activates the ATM functions and the Internet functions, and etc. The overall importance—and the details concerning—the integrated system aspect of the present automated transaction terminal will become more apparent in the foregoing description.
The present invention is an automated transaction machine comprising an automated retail terminal which provides a plurality of goods and/or services from an integrated and automated system. Two or more goods and/or services are provided not only in combinations heretofore unavailable, but in an integrated system design in which duplication of effort (and hardware) is largely or completely eliminated.
Referring now to
The essence of the preferred embodiments of the invention thus resides in the new combination of previously existing but separate means of access to the stream of daily commerce and banking. Meaningful combinations of ATMs and customer retail kiosks have never even been attempted before, possibly because the two technologies have undergone burgeoning technological growth in separately focused directions. For example, certain telephone systems have been promoted as the "ATMs of the future," providing credit card recognition for instant, albeit remote, execution of retail services. Some ATMs dispense both bills and coin change, and offer services such as on-site check cashing with payment of the exact check amount in bills and/or coins. As described above, ATMs in the past have offered limited retail sales options such as the vending of postage stamps via the bill dispenser. But there has not been, heretofore, a meaningful incarnation of a single system, which an individual consumer can use in a single location, wherein real banking services, and real commercial and banking services, have been combined. Because it is difficult to define objectively, however, that which constitutes real or meaningful banking or retail services, the preferred embodiments of the invention are best characterized as providing a retail terminal offering at least two immediately accessible goods or services and selectively dispensing at least two forms of dispensable currency, to emphasize the novel plurality of uniquely combined system means intrinsic to the present invention. The system for providing these multiple services or goods is integrated, moreover; the invention does not comprise the mere freestanding combination of an existing ATM and an existing retail terminal in adjacent proximity.
One of the preferred embodiments of the present invention is that disclosed in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 08/643,827 entitled "Automated League and Tournament Device." Two goods or services offered are ATM services and game league services, and the two forms of dispensable currency take the form of bills from the bill safe/dispenser and the encodable credit made possible by the smart card encoder therein. Widespread variability is possible with respect to such combinations.
Another embodiment of the invention includes the following components. A free-standing or wall mounted ATM with traditional ATM hardware, software and banking network connections (and including a bill safe, bill dispenser, magnetic stripe card reader, keyboard and video screen) is augmented with additional means as follows. The ATM is fitted with a smart card reader/encoder, so that in addition to the traditional bill dispenser the ATM can dispense encodable currency onto a smart card or its equivalent (a PC card, a removable hard drive, or other means for encoding digital cash or electronic cash of various types.) The video screen is a touchscreen; internal software provides a first screen menu for selection of traditional ATM services and at least two additional immediate access retail services, which are selected from the group consisting of electromechanical games of skill services, smartcard services, insurance services, restaurant services, travel services, sports services, gaming device services, delivery services, coupon services, floral delivery services, gift basket delivery services, introduction services, audio services, news services transportation services, utility services, physician services, school services, security services, building services, credit services, directory services, home services, military services, personal services, automotive services, employment services, recreational services, travelers check services, children's services, videogames of skill services, Internet services, brokerage services, government services, entertainment services, library services, catalogue services, print services, diagnostic services, chat services, video services, database services, barter services, engineering services, pharmacy services, identification services, detective services, church services, loan services, training services, buying services, recruitment services, accounting services, photographic services, food services, radio services, credit services, theme park services, music services, financial services, full-line vending services, health care services, remote access services, payment services, computer services, search services, network services, subscription services, virtual reality services, advertising services, rental services, programming services, beverage services, credit/debit card services, freight services, stored value card services, beauty services, tax services, leasing services, medical services, emergency services, publishing services, counseling services, satellite services, screening services, real estate services, telephone services, ticket services, television services, dating services, information services, lottery services, software services, reservation services, communication services, Intranet services, adult services, referral services, repair services, legal services, consulting services, maintenance services, moving services, trade show services, design services, lodging services, mail services, fast food services, automated services, recording services, clothing services, wireless services, human services, and encryption services. For the purpose of this embodiment, the form such second service takes must be an immediately realizable service, with a good or service being generally immediately rendered to the individual using the system (airline or theatre tickets being printed on the spot, for example) or being separately commenced (initiation of a delivery of flowers in a remote city, for example). It is readily apparent that this combination system is quite different from any of prior art ATMs, telephone ATMs "of the future," or even personal computer Internet connections which may provide retail functions but do give access to at least two forms of dispensable currency.
The most preferred embodiments of the present invention include means for providing at least two retail services which are not only immediately, realizable but are also immediately accessible to the individual user. Preferred immediate access services include game of skill services, music (juke box) services, vending, publishing (customized newspapers printed on the spot, for example), dating, smart card encryption, travel and entertainment ticketing, and financial, insurance and brokerage services. The consumer appeal of synthesized commercial and retail services with banking services is enormous, which in itself highlights the irony that these diverse services, and the means for providing them, have never been combined elsewhere heretofore.
User access to systems provided according to the invention will normally be accomplished by credit card, smart card or other identification card, but other means are contemplated as within the scope of the invention. Literally any means of positive identification of any given individual user to the system can be implemented, such as iris or fingerprint scans and matching to user databases. Smart card access itself will undoubtedly continue to evolve as smart cards increase in their accommodation of data and processing speed and ability, and this will only enhance the multiple retail and banking aspects of the preferred embodiments of the invention.
Referring now to
Referring now to
A smart card safe 47 contains smart card inventory to supply to the smart card dispenser(s) 46. A motion/sound/position device 59 supports the sensor 58. A printer 57 provides receipts or other printed materials to the receipt (printer) dispenser 56. Each individual mechanism illustrated in
The invention is susceptible of widespread departure from the above disclosure without departing from the scope of the invention. Virtually any heretofore uncombined goods and/or services provision may be combined in the automated transaction terminal of the present invention. The key to the invention is the multiple functioning of the terminal as compared to primarily single purpose devices of the prior art. Another way of understanding the most preferred embodiments of the present invention is as an ATM combined with an additional functionality typically found, in the prior art, only in its own freestanding device, i.e., juke box, Internet terminal, etc. Combinations of individual goods and services can be customized to the theme or character of the intended location, and the combinations are thus deliberate, not slapdash.
Notwithstanding the foregoing description, the invention is only to be limited as is set forth in the accompanying claim.
Patent Citations
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Karen Eggert (301) 734-7280
WASHINGTON, Aug. 17, 2007--The U.S. Department of Agriculture's Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service announced that effective today it is lifting trade restrictions imposed on Northern Ireland after foot-and mouth disease (FMD) was detected in Surrey, England, Aug. 3.
Since that time, Northern Ireland has provided information to APHIS documenting that officials took immediate steps to close their borders and prevent the introduction of FMD. Based on this information, APHIS is confident that Northern Ireland is FMD-free and that trade can safely resume. Trade restrictions remain in place for the rest of the United Kingdom. The Department of Homeland Security's Customs and Border Protection, which has responsibility for safeguarding U.S. ports of entry, has been notified of the policy change.
After confirming FMD in Surrey, APHIS immediately prohibited all imports of susceptible animals and most related animal products from the United Kingdom, which includes England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. This action was taken to safeguard U.S. agriculture until APHIS received official reports and updates from the United Kingdom, including Northern Ireland, regarding its FMD status.
On Aug. 3, 2007, Northern Ireland similarly placed immediate restrictions on all imports of FMD-susceptible livestock and their products from Great Britain. In addition, agricultural officials in Northern Ireland traced all FMD-susceptible livestock imported from Great Britain in the days leading up to the outbreak. These animals were identified, placed under movement restrictions, and inspected. No clinical signs suggestive of FMD were detected in any animals, and none of the animals were imported from the county where the outbreak occurred.
FMD is a highly contagious viral disease of cattle, swine and other cloven-hooved animals. FMD is not transmissible from animals to humans, but it does have serious implications for animal agriculture in any country where the disease is detected. USDA has a strong system in place for detecting and responding to outbreaks of foreign animal diseases, including FMD and also places trade restrictions on regions where the disease is detected. USDA will continue to closely monitor the situation in the United Kingdom.
Note to Reporters: USDA news releases, program announcements and media advisories are available on the Internet. Go to the APHIS news release page at http://www.aphis.usda.gov/newsroom. Also, anyone with an e-mail address can sign up to receive APHIS press releases automatically. Send an e-mail message to email@example.com and leave the subject blank. In the message, type "subscribe press_releases."


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August 5, 2015
NEW YORK - Some Northeast residents are spending this morning thawing out pipes because of the freezing cold.
They're victims of October's Superstorm Sandy and they've been trying to get by with propane heaters because some of their utilities still haven't been restored.
Eddie Saman, who lives on New York City's Staten Island, says he's been sleeping in a tent because Sandy left a gaping hole in his roof.
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Wednesday, August 24, 2011
preconditions of respect
I think this sort of thing illustrates the great distance between some of my ideas about what argument is, how democracy works, and what real intellectual respect entails. I have a whole host of complaints about how discussion goes down on blogs, but I'll be brief and just say: when you are overly protective of a writer on the Internet, you inevitably create the impression that the writer needs protecting. So is Zack Beauchamp someone who needs protecting? I'll extend him the preconditional respect of saying that he is not.
16 comments:
Sounds right to me.
Really, you draw the most ludicrous flies to your comments sections.
- August 24, 2011 at 10:07 AM
Question: I heard that you are a professor of rhetoric. What exactly does that mean?
- August 24, 2011 at 11:38 AM
- Freddie said...
Not a professor, a graduate student. Rhetoric and composition is small subfield of English. I feel like any gloss of it I give would be reductive (doesn't everyone think that way about their own field?). The National Council of Teachers of English is our professional organization.
Although I am of course studying rhetoric and rhetorical theory, I am much more on the pedagogical side, myself. Incidentally, our job numbers are quite strong, in comparison to the academic job market generally and certainly to the rest of English.
- August 24, 2011 at 5:27 PM
Don't let anyone convince you to change your tone....it's the most refreshing thing about reading your blog, aside from your unwavering promotion of true liberal ideas.....on topic, Zack has no business posting on the Dish, should be honing his chops on a less insightful blog....
- August 24, 2011 at 6:54 PM
Leaving aside your liberal ideas and whether or not they are solid (I'm sure they are), this:
"Don't let anyone convince you to change your tone"
is exactly your problem. Tone, not substance.
What are your credentials again? Why do Dish readers keep getting directed to you? Who are you? I would honestly like to know. No bio on your blog, so far as I can see, no info on the internet. We keep getting directed here every now and again...love to know why...
- August 24, 2011 at 7:46 PM
- Freddie said...
Just some dude, Troy!
Listen, man: I post here and on Balloon Juice. I'm glad for the audience I have at both. I don't claim to be entitled to anything. I think that it is extremely important for people who are truly independent-- that is, without institutional affiliation, without media affiliation, without the host of patrons and bosses and social conditioning that afflicts most bloggers-- to be in the conversation. People like you want the same small number of in-groupers to dictate all argument on blogs. I'm opposed to that.
Now, you are apparently the kind of person who wants his ideas predigested and handed down from the kind of institutional authority that most popular bloggers have. That's fair enough. The prescription is simple: stay away from my blog. No one is asking for your patronage. I make no money off of this. Now, I would say that unlike certain, more prominent bloggers, I actually have an area of nascent expertise that I am developing. You might ask yourself why you think that certain other bloggers are vested with authority beyond the fact that they have an elevated social station and the patronage of powerful stakeholders supporting them.
Personally, I could care less. If you want to know who I am: I am some dude. Just some dude. But this random dude is putting the arguments that he has made to you. What are you going to do? Talking about how I lack the advance credentials of, say, Ross Douthat et al. is not an argument. Sure, I've got degrees, and I'm working on more. But I'll never satisfy your desire to be given the imprimatur of the gatekeepers. The question is whether you can satisfy me by actually supplying an argument against my positions.
What are you afraid of?
- August 24, 2011 at 8:35 PM
- somefeller said...
Now, you are apparently the kind of person who wants his ideas predigested and handed down from the kind of institutional authority that most popular bloggers have.
This is an amusing thing to read, considering this conversation started with you jumping out to defend some prominent bloggers from criticism from a person you didn't think had the credibility to critique them.
Now, I would say that unlike certain, more prominent bloggers, I actually have an area of nascent expertise that I am developing.
Very, very nascent, I'm sure. And being a blustering buffoon isn't a field of expertise.
- August 24, 2011 at 8:44 PM
- Freddie said...
This is an amusing thing to read, considering this conversation started with you jumping out to defend some prominent bloggers from criticism from a person you didn't think had the credibility to critique them.
No, I didn't. Your reading comprehension is as poor as your attempts at insult.
Don't come around here no more.
- August 24, 2011 at 9:40 PM
- Freddie said...
Really, you draw the most ludicrous flies to your comments sections.
Don't I just?
- August 24, 2011 at 9:41 PM
Hey, 'man,' I'm just askin' a question of a dude who posts his thoughts on the internet for the entire world to peruse!
We're all just dudes, Freddie. Just wanted to know what you, as a dude, had been up to besides bloviating on the internet.
With regard to your 'arguments', as I said, riiiiight in the first sentence of my not-exactly-verbose post, your substance isn't the problem, though it's not a particular strength.
To be clearer, "People like me" (and, let's be honest, neither of us has any idea who the other is, though I did ask you a direct question, which you rather inexpertly dodged...) want some indication that we're not wasting our time reading the opinions of a grad student who shows no indication of professional growth beyond his institution (See what I did there?).
Life is, in some ways, fair. Do something exciting (not even something difficult!) and people tend to care more about your opinions and analysis.
What am I afraid of? Well...I guess I'm afraid of wasting my time. BUT...this is pretty entertaining, so no worries. How's that?
- August 24, 2011 at 9:59 PM
- somefeller said...
No, I didn't. Your reading comprehension is as poor as your attempts at insult.
No, you just got caught out.
Don't come around here no more.
Ha! Thin-skinned much? Well, you know what they say about those who like to dish it out...
- August 24, 2011 at 10:15 PM
The real problem with zack is that hes boring. Well, not only him but most of the current Dish guest bloggers (I really cant tell them apart). Sometimes I get the feeling that Andrew purposely picks boring ass replacements to get us to appreciate him more.
- August 24, 2011 at 10:22 PM
- Paul said...
The mark of supreme skill in a certain type of troll is his ability to dance upon, without ever quite crossing, the line between obnoxiousness and face-palming stupidity. Troy and somefeller might be trolls but they aren't supremely skilled ones.
- August 25, 2011 at 12:12 AM
- Theo Beers said...
It's been a pretty long time since I read anything on the Dish that I felt added anything to my understanding of, or perspective on, any issue. I routinely open the page, start scrolling down, read a few posts, get this odd tired feeling, and move on to something else. It seems like Andrew has lost a lot of his mojo. Sadly, the various assistants he's brought on are an order of magnitude worse.
I get a lot more out of checking RCP on a daily basis, keeping up with Project Syndicate, Taranto's "Best of the Web Today" on WSJ. See what BBC claims is important in world news, look at the "spotlight" pane on Google News. Head to YouTube and see what Cenk Uygur is mad about today. I dunno. The Dish used to be one of the few *blogs* to which I would purposefully navigate, but now it just feels tedious. If Andrew ever writes something worth reading, it'll probably make it onto one of the aggregators anyway. Greenwald is one I still read for his own sake, partly because the people who choose which blog posts are most important never seem to list any of his!
tl;dr: Illegitimi non carborundum! These Dish people are a bunch of rancid twats. And.....
تحلیلگریشان در مورد خاور میانه بسیار خراب است. بهشان اصلااا گوش ندهید
- August 27, 2011 at 8:17 PM
- WOW Gold said...
- November 17, 2011 at 2:05 AM
- simple wedding dresses said...
Thank you for giving me such a good chance, let me be able to read this essay so good of a son, thank you very much.
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- December 27, 2011 at 10:57 PM


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The City of Charlotte is proud of its diverse workforce and employs over 6,000 individuals engaged in various exciting professional, administrative, public safety, technical, clerical, skilled and general labor and trades work. Charlotte has a Council-Manager form of government with a Mayor and 11 Council Members elected every two years in November, and a professional City Manager to run the day-to-day operations. Fourteen departments are responsible for providing such services as Police and Fire protection, Garbage and Recyclables collection, Water and Sewer Services, Road Construction and Maintenance, Transit, Planning, Zoning, Neighborhood Development, and operation of Charlotte Douglas International Airport. Notice: The City of Charlotte's recruitment site is not compatible with Internet Explorer 10. The recruitment site can be accessed with this workaround.
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The Great Meteor Procession (GMP) of 1913 February 9 was one of the most remarkable astronomical events to be inscribed in the astronomical record. That evening (ca. 21:05 EST at Toronto) the sky lit up with a procesison of slowly moving meteors (NW to SE). Estimates in reports state there were anywhere from 3 to 50 separate groups of meteors, with the number of meteors ranging from 15 up to the 1000s. Some observers reported colours, such as white, blue, "fire red," and "golden yellow", and some mentioned associated aural phenomena, such as a "thunder-like rumbling" in the wake of the procession, or a shaking of the ground characteristic of the explosive fracturing of bolides. A recent contribution to Sky & Telescope has confirmed early published estimates that the recorded path of the GMP extended over a quarter of the circumference of the Earth (Sky & Telescope 125, 2 [2013 February]: 32-34).
The artist of the image presented here, Gustav Hahn (1866-1962), was a noted Canadian exponent of Art Nouveau, whose studio was very fashionable in the late-Victorian and Edwardian periods. He enjoyed a long teaching career, influencing Group of Seven members such as Franklin Carmichael and Franz Johnston (who also occassionally depicted astronomical subjects [5]). Gustav's father, Dr. Otto Hahn (1828-1904), achieved a technical first in meteoritics by producing and publishing the first photographic micrographs of meteorite sections in his Die Meteorite (Chondrite) und ihre Organismen (1880; Chondritic Meteorites and Their Life Forms) - a work which caused a stir in the age of Darwin and Wallace for its advocacy of panspermia [6]. Both Hahns were memebrs of the RASC (or its earlier incarnations), and friends of the man whose paper [7] on the GMP remains the fundamental point of departure for all subsequent work, C.A. Chant.
Chant clearly went to considerable effort to see that his publication of the GMP was distniguished by a memorable image. Indirect evidence suggests that he was the effective patron of Hahn's original painting, which for decades hung in the administration building of the David Dunlap Observatory (the painting is now in the collections of the University of Toronto Archives and Record Management Services [UTARMS], accession # A2008-0023). As editor of the Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada, Chant had Hahn's watercolour reproduced as a relief half-tone print on tinted paper. One aspect of the technical process may strike 21st-century consumers of astronomical images as remarkable - to quote Rosenfeld & Muir:
Several of the colours Chant and his colleagues desired in the reproduction were not best reproduced mechanically through the photo-chemical half-tone process. It was decided to execute the stars in white, white and gold, and the meteors in gold individually by hand for every single copy of the Journal as the penultimate stage in production prior to tipping-in to the binding. A careful examination of different copies of the print shows that while the general placement of the meteors and stars is quite close, as are their shapes, they are far from identical from print to print. This seems an extravagant way to mass-produce an image now, but it must be remembered that features added by hand were part of the printing industry from the 15th to the early 20th century, chiefly in the matter of colour . The use of the technique for reproducing Hahn's GMP image occurred within the context of a venerable industrial practice - JRASC [8] 105, 4: 173.
The image is as evocatively memorable now as when it was first published. Nearly a century ago, the Great Meteor Procession (GMP) was spectacular enough to surprise, delight, and awe the most experienced of meteoriticists, not to mention the casual observer. The same event would doubtless have a comparable impact today.
Astronomical Art & Artifact: Gustav Hahn's Graphic Record of the Great Meteor Procession of 1913 February 9 [8], Rosenfeld, R. A., & Muir, Clark JRASC 105, 4: 167-175
|GMP_1913_February_9_JRASC_VII3_.jpg [9]
[1] http://www.rasc.ca/category/archivetags/1913
[2] http://www.rasc.ca/category/archivetags/meteor
[3] http://www.rasc.ca/category/archivetags/sketch
[4] http://www.rasc.ca/category/image-galleries/national-archives/archives-1900s
[5] http://www.gallery.ca/en/see/collections/artwork.php?mkey=13565
[6] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panspermia
[7] http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1913JRASC...7..145C
[8] http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011JRASC.105..167R
[9] http://www.rasc.ca/sites/default/files/GMP_1913_February_9_JRASC_VII3_.jpg


text:
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text:
A process device couples to a process control loop. The process device receives a process signal. A memory in the process device contains a nominal parameter value. Computing circuitry provides an event output based upon the stored nominal value and the process signal. Output circuitry provides an output in response to the event output.
1. A process device coupled to a process control loop, comprising:
a process signal input for providing a batch process signal related to a batch process;
memory containing a nominal parameter value related to a nominal change for the batch process signal;
computing circuitry providing an event output in response to an event in the batch process, the event detected when a difference between the batch process signal and the nominal parameter value is more than a maximum amount;
output circuitry outputting the event output;
wherein the process control loop is selected from the group consisting of two wire process control loops, three wire process control loops and four wire process control loops.
2. The process device of
3. The process device of
4. The process device of
5. The process device of
6. The process device of
7. The process device of
8. The process device of
9. The process device of
10. A method in a process device coupled to a process control loop, comprising:
receiving a process signal related to a batch process;
retrieving a nominal parameter value related to a nominal change for the batch process signal stored in a memory;
detecting an event in the batch process detected when a difference between the batch process signal and the nominal parameter value is more than a maximum amount; providing an output indicative of the detected event;
wherein the process control loop is selected from the group consisting of two wire process control loops, three wire process control loops and four wire process control loops.
11. The method of
12. The method of
13. The method of
14. The method of
15. The method of
16. The method of
17. The method of
18. A process device coupled to a process control loop, comprising:
a process signal input providing a process signal comprising a process variable related to a process wherein the process variable is selected from the group consisting of pressure, temperature, pH, flow, turbidity, level, position, conductivity, motor current, motor back emf and vibration;
memory containing a nominal parameter value;
computing circuitry providing an event output in response to an event in the process, the event detected based upon the process signal and the nominal parameter value, the computing circuitry providing the event output when the process has stabilized after initialization;
output circuitry outputting the event output;
wherein the process control loop is selected from the group consisting of two wire process control loops, three wire process control loops and four wire process control loops.
19. The process device of
20. The process device of
21. The process device of
22. The process device of
23. The process device of
This is a Continuation of U.S. Ser. No. 08/967,777, filed Nov. 10, 1997, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,119,047, issued on Sep. 12, 2000, which is a Continuation-In-Part application of Ser. No. 08/623,569, filed on Mar. 28, 1996 now U.S. Pat. No. 6,017,143, issued on Jan. 25, 2000.
The present invention relates to devices which couple to process control loops of the type used in industry. More specifically, the invention relates to detection of events in a process control system by monitoring process signals.
Process control loops are used in industry to control operation of a process, such as in an oil refinery. A transmitter is typically part of the loop and is located in the field to measure and transmit a process variable such as pressure, flow or temperature, for example, to control room equipment. A controller such as a valve controller is also part of the process control loop and controls position of a valve based upon a control signal received over the control loop or generated internally. Other controllers control electric motors or solenoids for example. The control room equipment is also part of the process control loop such that an operator or computer in the control room is capable of monitoring the process based upon process variables received from transmitters in the field and responsively controlling the process by sending control signals to the appropriate control devices. Another process device which may be part of a control loop is a portable communicator which is capable of monitoring and transmitting process signals on the process control loop. Typically, communicators configure the devices which form the loop.
It is desirable to detect the occurrence of an event in the process control system. Typically, the prior art has been limited to simple detection techniques. For example, a process variable such as pressure is monitored and an alarm is sounded or a safety shutdown is initiated if the process variable exceeds predefined limits. However, in order to identify what event triggered the alarm, it is necessary to use complex models which are difficult to implement in a process environment where there is limited power and resources for large computations.
A process device couples to a process control loop. The process device receives a process signal. A memory in the process device contains a nominal parameter value. Computing circuitry provides an event output based upon the stored nominal value and the process signal. The computing circuitry providing an event output when the process has stabilized after initialization. Output circuitry provides an output in response to the event output.
FIG. 1 is a simplified diagram showing a process control loop including a transmitter, controller, hand-held communicator and control room.
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a process device in accordance with the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing application of rules to calculated statistical parameters and sensitivity parameters to provide a process event output.
FIG. 4 is a graph of a process signal output versus time showing various types of events.
FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing an inference engine operating on process events in accordance with the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a simplified block diagram of an inference engine for use in the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a graph of an independent process signal versus time.
Process variables are typically the primary variables which are being controlled in a process. As used herein, process variable means any variable which describes the condition of the process such as, for example, pressure, flow, temperature, product level, pH, turbidity, vibration, position, motor current, any other characteristic of the process, etc. Control signal means any signal (other than a process variable) which is used to control the process. For example, a control signal includes a desired process variable value (i.e. a setpoint) such as a desired temperature, pressure, flow, product level, pH or turbidity, etc., which is adjusted by a controller. Additionally, a control signal includes calibration values, alarms, alarm conditions, the signal which is provided to a control element such as a valve position signal which is provided to a valve actuator, an energy level which is provided to a heating element, a solenoid on/off signal, etc., or any other signal which relates to control of the process. A diagnostic signal as used herein includes information related to operation of devices and elements in the process control loop, but does not include process variables or control signals. For example, diagnostic signals include valve stem position, applied torque or force, actuator pressure, pressure of a pressurized gas used to actuate a valve, electrical voltage, current, power, resistance, capacitance, inductance, device temperature, stiction, friction, full on and off positions, travel, frequency, amplitude, spectrum and spectral components, stiffness, electric or magnetic field strength, duration, intensity, motion, electric motor back emf, motor current, loop related parameters (such as control loop resistance, voltage, or current), or any other parameter which may be detected or measured in the system. Furthermore, process signal includes any signal which is related to the process or element in the process such as, for example, a process variable, a control signal or a diagnostic signal. Process devices include any device which forms part of or couples to a process control loop and is used in the control or monitoring of a process.
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of a process control system 2 which includes process piping 4 which carries a process fluid and two wire process control loop 6 carrying loop current I. A transmitter 8, controller 10, which couples to a final control element in the loop such as an actuator, valve, a pump, motor or solenoid, communicator 12, and control room 14 are all part of process control loop 6. It is understood that loop 6 is shown in one configuration and any appropriate process control loop may be used such as a 4-40 mA loop, 2, 3 or 4 wire loop, multi-drop loop and a loop operating in accordance with the HART®, Fieldbus or other digital or analog communication protocol. In operation, transmitter 8 senses a process variable such as flow, Q, using sensor 16 and transmits the sensed process variable over loop 6. The process variable may be received by controller/valve actuator 10, communicator 12 and/or control room equipment 14. Controller 10 is shown coupled to valve 18 and is capable of controlling the process by adjusting valve 18 thereby changing the flow, Q, in pipe 4. Controller 10 receives a control input over loop 6 from, for example, control room 14, transmitter 8 or communicator 12 and responsively adjusts valve 18. In another embodiment, controller 10 internally generates the control signal based upon process signals H receives over loop 6. Communicator 12 may be the portable communicator shown in FIG. 1 or may be a permanently mounted process unit which monitors the process and performs computations. Process devices include, for example, transmitter 8 (such as a 3095 transmitter available from Rosemount Inc.), controller 10, communicator 12 and control room 14 shown in FIG. 1. Another type of process device is a PC, programmable logic unit (PLC) or other computer coupled to the loop using appropriate I/O circuitry to allow monitoring, managing, and/or transmitting on the loop.
Any of the process devices 8, 10, 12 or 14 shown in FIG. 1 may include event monitoring circuitry in accordance with the present invention. FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a process device 40 forming part of loop 6. Device 40 is shown generically and may be part of any process device such as transmitter 8, controller 10, communicator 12 or control room equipment 14. Control room equipment 14 may comprise, for example, a DCS system implemented with a PLC and controller 10 may also comprise a "smart" motor and pump. Process device 40 includes I/O circuitry 42 coupled to loop 6 at terminals 44. In general, unless process device 40 is a controller located in the control room, device 40 is wholly powered by loop 6. FIG. 2 shows the equivalent circuit of a resistor and a battery. I/O circuitry has preselected input and output impedance known in the art to facilitate appropriate communication from and to device 40. Device 40 includes microprocessor 46, coupled to I/O circuitry 42, memory 48 coupled to microprocessor 46 and clock 50 coupled to microprocessor 46. Microprocessor 46 receives a process signal input 52. Block input is intended to signify input of any process signal, and as explained above, the process signal input may be a process variable, or a control signal and may be received from loop 6 using I/O circuitry 42 or may be generated internally within field device 40. Field device 40 is shown with a sensor input channel 54 and a control channel 56. Typically, a transmitter such as transmitter 8 will exclusively include sensor input channel 54 while a controller such as controller 10 will exclusively include a control channel 56. Other devices on loop 6 such as communicator 12 and control room equipment 14 may not include channels 54 and 56. It is understood that device 40 may contain a plurality of channels to monitor a plurality of process variables and/or control a plurality of control elements as appropriate.
Sensor input channel 54 includes sensor 16, sensing a process variable and providing a sensor output to amplifier 58 which has an output which is digitized by analog to digital converter 60. Channel 54 is typically used in transmitters such as transmitter 8. Compensation circuitry 62 compensates the digitized signal and provides a digitized process variable signal to microprocessor 46. In one embodiment, channel 54 comprises a diagnostic channel which receives a diagnostic signal.
When process device 40 operates as a controller such as controller 8, device 40 includes control channel 56 having control element 18 such as a valve, for example. Control element 18 is coupled to microprocessor 46 through digital to analog converter 64, amplifier 66 and actuator 68. Digital to analog converter 64 digitizes a command output from microprocessor 46 which is amplified by amplifier 66. Actuator 68 controls the control element 18 based upon the output from amplifier 66. In one embodiment, actuator 68 is coupled directly to loop 6 and controls a source of pressurized gas (not shown) to position control element 18 in response to the current I flowing through loop 6. In one embodiment, controller 10 includes control channel 56 to control a control element and also includes sensor input channel 54 which provides a diagnostic signal such as valve stem position, force, torque, actuator pressure, pressure of a source of pressurized air, etc.
In one embodiment, I/O circuitry 42 provides a power output used to completely power other circuitry in process device 40 using power received from loop 6. Typically, field devices such as transmitter 8, or controller 10 are powered off the loop 6 while communicator 12 or control room 14 has a separate power source. As described above, process signal input 52 provides a process signal to microprocessor 46. The process signal may be a process variable from sensor 16, the control output provided to control element 18, a diagnostic signal sensed by sensor 16, or a control signal, process variable or diagnostic signal received over loop 6, or a process signal received or generated by some other means such as another I/O channel.
A user I/O circuit 76 is also connected to microprocessor 46 and provides communication between device 40 and a user. Typically, user I/O circuit 76 includes a display and audio for output and a keypad for input. Typically, communicator 12 and control room 14 includes I/O circuit 76 which allows a user to monitor and input process signals such as process variables, control signals (setpoints, calibration values, alarms, alarm conditions, etc.) along with rules, sensitivity parameters and trained values as described below. A user may also use circuit 76 in communicator 12 or control room 14 to send and receive such process signals to transmitter 8 and controller 10 over loop 6. Further, such circuitry could be directly implemented in transmitter 8, controller 10 or any other process device 40.
Microprocessor 46 acts in accordance with instructions stored in memory 48. Memory 48 also contains trained values 78, rules 80 and sensitivity parameters 82 in accordance with the present invention. The combination of the sensitivity parameters 82 and the trained values 78 provide a nominal value 79. FIG. 3 is a block diagram 83 showing a logical implementation of device 40. Logical block 84 receives process signals and calculates statistical parameters for the process signals. These statistical parameters include standard deviation, mean, sample variance, root-mean-square (RMS), range (ΔR) and rate of change (ROC) of the process signal, for example. These are given by the following equations:
Where N is the total number of data points in the sample period, xi and xi−1 are two consecutive values of the process signal and T is the time interval between the two values. Further, xMAX and xMIN are the respective maximum and minimum of the process signal over a sampling or training time period. These statistical parameters are calculated alone or in a combination. It is understood that the invention includes statistical parameter other than those explicitly set forth which may be implemented to analyze a process signal. The calculated statistical parameter is received by rule calculation block 86 which operates in accordance with rules 80 stored in memory 48. Rules block 86 also receives trained values 78 from memory 48. Trained values are the nominal or (i.e., typical) statistical parameters value for the process signal and comprise the same statistical parameters (standard deviation, mean, sample variance, root-mean-square (RMS), range and rate of change, etc.) used in logical block 84. In one embodiment, the trained values are provided by the manufacturer and stored in memory 48 of transmitter 40 during manufacture. In another embodiment, the trained values are periodically updated by addressing device 40 over loop 6. In still another embodiment, input circuitry 76 may generate or receive the trained values or be used to transmit the trained values to another process device over loop 6. In yet another embodiment, the trained values are generated by statistical parameter logical block 84 which generates, or learns, the nominal or normal statistical parameters during normal operation of the process. These statistical parameters are used to generate the trained values 78 in memory 48 for future use. This allows dynamic adjustment of trained values 78 for each specific loop and operating condition. In this embodiment, statistical parameters 84 are monitored for a user selectable period of time based upon the process dynamic response time.
Rules block 86 receives sensitivity parameters 82 from memory 48. Rules logical block 86 provides examples of a number of different rules. Each sensitivity parameter value 82 provides an acceptable range or relationship as determined by the appropriate rule between the calculated statistical parameters 84 and the appropriate trained values 78. The sensitivity parameter values 82 may be set by the manufacturer, received over loop 6 or input using input circuitry 76. The sensitivity parameters are adjusted for the specific application. For example, in process control applications where high accuracy is required, the sensitivity parameters are set so as to allow only small variations of the process signals relative to the trained values. The use of sensitivity parameters allow the diagnostic and event detection decision making to be controlled based upon the particular process and the requirements of the user.
FIG. 4 is an example of a process signal versus time which shows different process events (e.g. normal, bias, drift, noise, spike and stuck) which are detected using the present invention. The process signal shown in FIG. 4 is initially in a normal state and then moves to a bias condition. Next, the process signal goes through a drift condition followed by a noisy signal condition. Finally, a series of spike events occur in the process signal followed by a stuck condition. The rules used to detect these events are described below.
Drift occurs when a process signal changes over time from its true (i.e. nominal) value. One embodiment of the invention includes a rule which operates on a statistical parameter mean (μ), the trained parameter mean (μ′) and a tuning parameter alpha (α) to detect drift.
Drift sensitivity is controlled by a single sensitivity parameter, alpha (α). Alpha (α) represents a percentage above or below the normal mean signal level that is tolerable before a drift or event is detected. The following rule performed by rule calculation block 86 detects a drift event:
if μ<μ′ (1−α) then a negative drift event
if μ>μ′ (1+α) then a positive drift event,
where μ is the current mean of the process signal from 84, μ′ is the trained mean from 78 and α is the sensitivity parameter from 82 which defines the acceptable variations from the mean. Additionally, the mean is monitored over time. A drift event is only detected if, over a series of consecutive sampling period, the mean is moving away from the trained value. The trained mean (μ′) may be learned by training device 40 during normal operation of the process.
Bias is the result of a temporary drift "stabilizing" at a certain level above or below the expected signal level. Once the drift stops, the resulting signal has a bias, sometimes called an offset from the true/nominal value. A bias is detected using the same rule used for drift. Additionally, the mean is monitored over time. If the means is not continuing to move away from the trained mean (μ′), then the event is categorized as bias, not drift.
A different combination of a rule, tuning parameters and trained values detect noise in the process signal. Noise detection sensitivity is adjusted by adjusting the sensitivity parameter beta (β). Beta (β) is the amount the current standard deviation (σ) can be above the trained standard deviation (σ′) before detection of a noise event. For example, if the user desires to detect a noise event when the process signal is twice as noisy as the trained value, β should be sent to 2.0. Range (ΔR) is also used by the rule to differentiate noise from normal signal variations. An example rule for noise detection is:
if σ>βσ′ and
if ΔR>ΔR′ then noise detected. Where σ and σ′ are the current and trained standard deviation ΔR and ΔR′ are the current and trained range, respectively, and β is the noise sensitivity parameter.
Yet another combination of a rule, statistical value, tuning parameters and trained values detect a stuck condition in a process signal. A "stuck" process signal is one which a condition of the process signal does not vary with time. Stuck sensitivity is controlled by adjusting the sensitivity parameter 82 gamma (γ). A value for gamma (γ) is expressed as a percentage of the trained standard deviation (σ′) and represents how small a change in standard deviation from the trained value triggers detection of a stuck event. For example, if a user wishes to detect a stuck condition when the process signal noise level is half of the trained value, γ should be set equal to 50 percent (0.5). Further, range of the signal (ΔR) can be used to eliminate errors that arise with small signals. One example rule is:
If (σ+ΔR)≦γ(σ′+ΔR′) then a stuck event is detected.
A different combination of a rule, a statistical value, trained value and sensitivity parameter is used to detect a spike event. A spike event occurs when the signal momentarily goes to an extreme value. Sensitivity to spikes in the process signal is controlled by adjusting a sensitivity parameter from δ stored in 82. δ is the acceptable trained maximum rate of change (ΔPmax) between two consecutive data points. For example, if the user wishes to detect any spikes that have a rate of change (ROC) from block 84 that is 30% greater than Δrmax from block 78 relative to the trained value, δ from 82 should be set to 1.30. An example rule is:
if ROC>δ·ΔrMAX then a spike event is detected
Other rules include a cyclic rule to detect cyclical oscillations in the process signal and an erratic rule to detect erratic behavior in the process signal. It should be understood that other rules may be implemented to observe other events in the process signal and may use different formulas or computational techniques to detect and event. A rule may operate on more than one statistical parameter or on more than one process signal. For example, if a process variable such as flow rate exceeds a predetermined limit while another process variable such as process temperature spikes, a rule could determine that the process is overheating and an emergency shut down condition could exist. Furthermore, another type of rule is implemented in fuzzy logic in which the statistical parameter is operated on by a sensitivity parameter which is a membership function applied to the trained values.
All of the rules discussed herein provide a process event output based upon the operation of the rule. It should be understood that the process event output may have a plurality of discrete or continuous values based upon operation of the rule. Note that the combination of the sensitivity parameter and the trained value provides a nominal parameter value and that the rule operates on the nominal parameter value and the statistical parameter. The various process signals, parameters and trained values can be combined using weighted averages or appropriate fuzzy logic. Membership functions include, for example, trapezoidal and triangular functions. For example, the statistical parameter can be mapped onto the chosen membership function. These are then used during training to generate the trained values, and to generate the statistical parameters for use by the rules.
In one embodiment, the trained values are obtained by determining that the process is stable, and generating the statistical parameters for a selectable period of time. These are stored as the trained values. The selectable period of time should be about the same as sampling period or block used to generate the statistical parameters during operation. This process may be user initiated or automated.
The output of a rule can be transmitted over loop 6, output on user I/O circuit 76, stored for future use, used as an input to another computation such as another rule or a control function, or used in any appropriate manner. In another embodiment, the present invention monitors related process signals and performs comparisons and correlations between these signals. For example, in FIG. 2 process signals such as the output of A/D converter 60, compensation circuit 62, and current I through loop 6 can be analyzed in accordance with FIG. 3. For example, the plurality of process signals should all be within a desired tolerance between one another as set forth by the appropriate combination of sensitivity parameters, rules, and trained values.
FIG. 5 is a block diagram 100 showing inference engine 102. Inference engine 102 resides in process device 40, is part of loop 6, and receives process variables 104, control signals 106 and process events 108. Process events are detected in accordance with the present invention. Inference engine 102 includes computation circuitry 110 and process data 112. Process data 112 may comprise, for example, process history information such as logged process variables, control signals, process events or other process signals and may contain process specific information which further defines the process being monitored. Time stamped process variables are disclosed in U.S. Ser. No. 08/618,330, filed Mar. 19, 1996, entitled FIELD TRANSMITTER FOR STORING INFORMATION which is a continuation of U.S. Ser. No. 08/200,626, filed Feb. 23, 1994, entitled FIELD TRANSMITTER FOR STORING INFORMATION incorporated herein by reference. Upon the occurrence of a process event, the inference engine 102 determines which component in the various process devices is faulty. Computation circuitry 110 analyzes process variables 104, control signals 106, process events 108 and other process signals to determine the cause of the process event. Computation circuitry operates in accordance with a series of rules such as those used in the known technique of an expert system. Computation circuitry 110 operates on all of the inputs including process data 112 and provides a faulty element output such as a warning signal. For example, if a drift event is detected, inference engine 102 operates to determine the cause of the drifts. For example, the drift may be due to a control setpoint which was changed in which case computation circuitry 110 determines that the control loop is operating properly. However, if the setpoint was not changed, the inference engine further analyzes the various inputs and, for example, checks the integrity of the device reporting a process event, such as a valve motor, pump, vibration equipment, etc., by running appropriate diagnostics. If the valve, for example, indicates that the valve is operating properly, the inference engine may then perform transmitter diagnostics to determine if a transmitter and associated sensors are operating properly. These diagnostics may observe information from the specific element being reviewed and may also observe information being received from other sources on the control loop such as upstream or downstream sensors, etc. Computation circuitry 110 uses any appropriate computational technique such a series of rules, fuzzy logic or neural networks. In a preferred embodiment, inference engine is implemented in a microprocessor and memory and may be located in a control room, at some remote location or in the field itself. Inference engine 102 may be implemented in any of the process devices 8, 10, 12, 14 or as software operation in a personal computer shown in FIG. 1. The faulty element output can be provided to an operator or can be used by additional computational circuitry which performs further diagnostics on the loop.
FIG. 6 shows a block diagram 200 of a simplified, example inference engine such as engine 102 operating in accordance with a rule base. Upon the occurrence of a process event, at block 202 the inference engine 102 examines the process event to identify the specific event which was detected. If the event was a drift event, control moves on to block 204. If the event was some other event such as spike, noise or bias, control moves to a rule base constructed in accordance with the specific event which was detected. At block 204, the inference engine checks to see if the setpoint of the process was recently changed. If the setpoint was recently changed, then the inference engine will wait until the process has stabilized (indicated by a small value for ROC), and then start re-learning the process so as to set a new baseline value. However, if the setpoint was not changed, the inference engine moves on to block 206 to run further diagnostics. At block 206, the inference engine instructs process device 40 to run on board diagnostics to further determine the cause of the drift. At block 208, if the diagnostics run by device 40 identify the cause of the drift, the inference engine provides an output identifying a faulty component. However, if the diagnostics indicate that device 40 is operating properly, inference engine instructs related devices to run diagnostics at block 210. For example, related devices may be upstream or downstream, controllers or transmitters. At block 212, the inference engine determines if one of the related process devices is the faulty device. If the fault which caused the drift is one of the related devices, the interference engine provides an output identifying the device and faulty component. If none of the related devices are in error, the inference engine observes other process signals at block 214 in an attempt to identify known process conditions at block 216. If the cause of the drift is due to a known process condition, for example, a fluid pressure drop caused by the filling of a reserve tank with process fluid, the specific condition is identified. If the process condition is not known, the operator is informed that a drift event has been detected and its cause cannot be identified. At any point in the flow chart 200, based upon any of the various rules, the inference engine may initiate a shutdown procedure to alarm or, as appropriate in the application, shut down the process. As discussed above, actual inference engines may contain a more detailed rule base and may employ other forms of logic such as fuzzy logic or neural networks, specific to each process control application.
Another aspect of the present invention includes determining an appropriate time for initiating operation of the event detection and diagnostic techniques described herein. Typically, such techniques are not initiated until operation of the process has stabilized. Process stability can be determined by monitoring a process variable and examining, for example, the rate of change (ROC) of the RMS or STD value of any pertinent independent variable. Independent variables include differential pressure, line pressure, temperature, mass flow, level, volumetric flow, etc. If the rate of change of the RMS or STD is insignificant, i.e. less than 1% or 2% of the entire span of the variable, it may be determined that the process has "settled" or become stabilized at which point the diagnostic procedures may be started. Further, such monitoring may be performed on other process signals such as control signals generated by a smart transmitter or in a central control location. Additionally, when it is determined that the process is stabilized, the trained values may be generated.
Monitoring of process signals may also be used to detect process repeatability in batch processes. FIG. 7 is a graph of a process signal versus time for a batch process. The angle alpha or beta (or equivalently the ROC of the signal) is monitored during a bench marking process. During normal operation, the batch process is monitored and if the angles alpha or beta (or the ROC) of the process signal deviate more than a specified amount from the learned parameters, an indication that a failure has occurred in the batch process or controller can be provided. In yet another aspect of the present invention, the diagnostic and event detection technique set forth herein may be used with a control signal as their input. For example, the noise rule set forth above may be employed for detecting a poorly tuned control system. The control signal may be generated in the field using a field control unit.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to preferred embodiments, workers skilled in the art will recognize that changes may be made in form and detail without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. For example, all of the various functions and circuitry described herein can be implemented in any appropriate circuitry including software, ASICs, fuzzy logic techniques, or even analog implementations. Further, the process device may include any number or combination of input and control channels and may operate on any number of process signals, alone or in their combination, and the rules may operate accordingly.
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Celebrate Left-Handers' Day with famous lefties
POSTED: 09:48 AM PDT Aug 13, 2012 UPDATED: 01:13 PM PDT Aug 13, 2014
Aug. 13 is Left-Handers' Day. Celebrate by taking a look at these famous southpaws.
The views expressed are not those of this company or its affiliated companies. Please note by clicking on "Post" you acknowledge that you have read the Terms Of Service and the comment you are posting is in compliance with such terms.blog comments powered by Disqus


text:
April 17, 2011
WALNUT, Calif. - Michael Woodham and the Cal State Northridge women's relay teams highlighted the Matadors' performance at the Mt. SAC Relays.
Woodham shattered his previous best in his signature event, the 110 meter hurdles as he ran a blistering 14.19 to finish third in a solid field. Woodham, who's previous best was 14.40, now owns the top time in the Big West this season.
The women's 4x100 and 4x400 relay teams also posted season-bests as the 4x100 team of Precious Watkins, Sherrina Lofton, Sierra Brooks and Desirae Gonder ran a season-best 45.63 to finish third.
The 4x400 team of Lofton, Watkins, Gonder and Jackie Harrison competed in the Elite race and finished fourth in a season-best time of 3:37.51 which is just .09 off the Cal State Northridge school record.
Also at Mt. SAC, Harrison finished 10th in the 400 meters in a time of 54.69, Alisa Jenkins was 36th in the 100 meter hurdles in 14.57. Lofton finished in the top-10 in the 100 meters, taking seventh in a time of 11.92 while Watkins was 20th in 12.08 and Brooks was 30th in 12.21.
CSUN also competed at the Bryan Clay Invitational at Azusa Pacific on Friday as Steven Gonzales ran a lifetime-best 1:54.11 in the 800 meters to reach Big West qualifying standards. Gustavo Hernandez also ran a season-best of 1:54.62 and Hunter Hays posted a lifetime-best 1:57.23.
Among the Matador throwers, James Poet, who already has a Big West qualifier in the hammer, posted a season-best of 164-2 (50.04).


text:
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JBS mercantile | March
My oh my, where have I been. It's been almost two months and I just needed a break. There been so much going on offline that I just haven't had a desire (or the time) to get online to share it all with you. tLm started a new school which we adore and we're waiting til they have room for the bean and then they'll be there together. (cross your fingers!). I've been focusing pretty intently on getting healthier than I've been for quite some time. Vegan eating, green smoothies, Jillians ripped in 30 and lots and lots of rest & downtime (further evidenced by my absence here). We are starting some major home renovations and I've been doing lots of research & pricing on counter tops, patios, bathroom renos, carpet & wood flooring. It's a full time job in itself with quite the learning curve but it's beginning to all look doable, which is exciting.
In the meantime, although I've been absent here I'm on Instagram almost daily, so come find me and say hi!
Happy Monday, hope you're well!


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- News
- Scores & Schedule
- Photos
- Standings
- Rankings
- Leaders
- Honors
- Roster
- Stats
High school sports: Nearly 650 athletes taking talents to next level
More than 640 high school athletes from the 2015 graduating class are moving on to play college sports on either an academic or athletic scholarship. Read more »
Class of 2015: Utah high school athletes with college scholarships
Here's a look at the 645 high school seniors from the 2015 graduating class who received an athletic and/or academic scholarship to play college sports. Read more »
High school baseball: Rosters announced for 5 all-star games
Five high school baseball all-star games will be played at Lindquist Field between this Thursday, Friday and Saturday. Read more »
Gallery of champions: All 94 state championship teams from the 2014-15 school year
Photo gallery of every Utah high school state champion. Read more »
High school sports: Spring sports Academic All-State
Here's a rundown of the Academic All-State teams for the spring high school sports. Read more »
High school sports: Wednesday's roundup
Baseball 4A SECOND ROUND SPANISH FORK 4, WOODS CROSS 1: Spanish Fork moved on to the quarterfinals with a road win at Woods Cross. With the loss, the Wildcats will have to play on Monday at 4:30... Read more »
High school sports: Tuesday's roundup
Baseball 4A PLAYOFFS SKYLINE 11, MAPLE MOUNTAIN 8: Brock Kennick, Hunter Wack, and Abe Yagi each had two RBIs for the Eagles in the victory over Maple Mountain. MOUNTAIN CREST 11, KEARNS 10:... Read more »
High school sports: Tuesday's roundup
Baseball REGION 1 FREMONT 7, LAYTON 3: Fremont pulled away from Layton in the fifth inning to pick up the win. Logan Walton tripled twice to lead the way. VIEWMONT 11, DAVIS 1: Alex Rodriguez struck out 10 batters in the... Read more »
High school sports: Wednesday's roundup
Baseball 2A PLAY-IN MILLARD 4, ROWLAND HALL 3: With the Eagles trailing by a run in the bottom of the seventh inning, Sebastian Garcia hit a double with the bases loaded to bring home Carson Teeples and Skyler Cranney, giving... Read more »
High school sports: Tuesday's roundup
Baseball REGION 1 FREMONT 6, DAVIS 3: Kyle Thacker was 3-for-4 with a double and an RBI, while Hunter Maxfield finished 2-for-4 with two RBIs to lead the Silver Wolves on the road. NORTHRIDGE... Read more »
High school sports: Monday's roundup
Baseball REGION 5 MOUNTAIN CREST 8, BOX ELDER 5: Mountain Crest out-hit Box Elder 12-5 Monday night, successfully handing the visitors just their second region loss of the season. SKY VIEW 13, BONNEVILLE 10 REGION 6 EAST 8,... Read more »
High school sports: Saturday's roundup
Baseball REGION 2 TAYLORSVILLE 7, WEST 0: Nathan Hess and Chase Huff each blasted homers to lead the Warriors over West. WEST 6, TAYLORSVILLE 4: The Panthers scored the go-ahead run in the fifth inning and West took the second... Read more »
High school sports: Tuesday's roundup
Baseball, boys soccer and softball results from Tuesday. Read more »
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If you have followed my blogs about Pentaho, you can easily detect that our momentum is full-speed-ahead. Another notch to add to our success is adding Doug Johnson to the Pentaho management roster as our CFO. Doug has a unique background that combines a passion for business intelligence, experience, bringing three companies through IPO, and extensive experience in open source and subscription-based services. I asked Doug to share with you, "What brought you to Pentaho?" Welcome on board Doug. Guest Blogger Doug Johnson There are a number of things about Pentaho that interested me when I began to talk to Richard about joining the company. The product area - business intelligence, the development approach - open source, the stage of the company – going through rapid growth and market dominance, and the people all struck a chord and raised my level of interest. As I got to know the management team and the board of directors during the evaluation stage, my interest continued to grow. As a CFO, business intelligence has always been a passion for me. The role of CFO requires a deep understanding of the data in the...
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Blog: August 2010
August 26, 2010 by Richard Daley
August 20, 2010 by David Henry
I often joke with my colleagues that Pentaho is the world's largest "BI Operating System." When you think about the number of core services that are required for any application platform – from authentication/authorization to content persistence to presentation across multiple user interfaces – it's easy to see how architecture can become an obsession. I've always felt that Pentaho has the best architectural implementation of any BI suite on the market and that the decisions and investments we made in the early years (ca. 2005-2007) would serve our customers and the community well. This has clearly been the case, and the proof is in the velocity and number of enhancements that have been delivered in the last 12 months. In particular the tremendous improvements in reporting and analysis have provided tangible benefits and made us much more competitive vis-à-vis proprietary BI products. The platform team is now hard at work adding Java Content Repository (JCR) support (just as they did with PDI 4.0) and this will pay huge dividends in 2011 and beyond. There's a quiet – you might even say invisible – side to Pentaho's business which has emerged...
August 20, 2010 by Pentaho Admin
Summer is usually a quiet period in Europe - but not at Pentaho. The EMEA sales and marketing team got together for a couple of days in San Francisco for a sales bootcamp, which combined hard work with a celebration of another record sales quarter in Q2. It was great to meet everybody, as we are distributed across 7 countries and typically 'meet' via Skype. The organisation has been executing at an incredible pace. In fact, we achieved some significant milestones in the quarter: We announced great customers such as TV2 and Aspiro , both potential global leaders in the world of online entertainment. We announced a win over Business Objects at one of Europe's top cancer treatment facilities, the London Oncology Clinic . We lured our new EMEA Marketing Director, Jean-Jérôme Schmidt, from MySQL via Sage Technologies to Pentaho. With Jean-Jérôme's sales background and organisational expertise, we will be talking to and announcing more outstanding BI customers soon. As part of our commitment to the EMEA region, we launched a new website for the German speaking market, where some of our largest European customers are, in recognition of its...
August 16, 2010 by Pentaho Admin
Can you...? How does...? Where do...? What is...? Sound familiar? Pre-Sales Engineers are the stage performers of the IT world; immensely capable, adaptable, confident, excellent communicators who are equally cool in front of large crowds and intimate groups. If you are in a Pre-Sales role, you have the absolute pleasure of showcasing what your product / service / solution can offer to help prospects make an informed decision. Pentaho Pre-Sales Engineers, have numerous discussions everyday with qualified prospects that want to evaluate Pentaho and prove that the software can satisfy their goals. Most prospects are looking for a solution that will help them reduce costs, increase profits and make their businesses function efficiently. Part of my job is to identify a "fit" for these objectives and recommend an approach to take when evaluating. During these discussions I am asked many questions that have definitive answers and some questions that have more than one answer. I thought it would be helpful to share the 3 most common questions asked to my team and I and our responses. Question 1: What is the most common reason an evaluation or implementation will not...
August 11, 2010 by Pentaho Admin
Looking around the room at our annual Pentaho Sales Bootcamp last week, it was impressive to see the number of new faces that have joined the team since last year's event. We must be doing something right , as over the past few months, Pentaho has been a magnet for top players from all corners of the BI space. Last week was an excellent opportunity for our international Sales, Marketing, and Product teams to collaborate and work together to understand our customers' current needs, how Pentaho's solution can address them, and have a great time. This year's Bootcamp consisted of three packed days of case studies, interactive discussions, presentations, happy hours, and even a boat ride around the beautiful (albeit windy) San Francisco Bay. Click here for an inside look at the Pentaho Sales Boot Camp. Bootcamp may be over, but our team is not done growing yet! After officially outgrowing our current space, Pentaho San Francisco will be expanding into a brand new office this week, and we are actively hiring top-notch talent to join our Sales and Marketing teams in the Bay Area. Aside from that, I am...
August 4, 2010 by Rebecca Shomair
Pentaho is hitting the road this month to show you the world's first BI integration for Hadoop with our three-city roadshow, ' Harnessing Hadoop for Big Data '. Next, prepare to see blazing fast business intelligence when we pair Ingres Vectorwise with Pentaho's Agile BI initative. BIG – We're rolling into town to show you how Pentaho, as the face of Hadoop, can leverage the power of business intelligence and data integration for your Big Data analysis needs. These live seminars are free but space is limited, so be sure to register now. Harnessing Hadoop for Big Data – Live Seminar Series New York, NY : Tuesday, August 10th 2010 DC Area : Wednesday, August 11th 2010 San Mateo, CA : Thursday, August 12th 2010 FAST & AGILE – See what is possible when you combine the power of Agile BI with Ingres Vectorwise, the next generation of analytic database technology during this live webcast. Blazing Fast, Agile BI with Ingres VectorWise and Pentaho Webcast : Thursday, August 12th 2010 Want to learn more about Pentaho and meet the team? This month we will be holding Classroom Training classes in...
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text: Prev | Next West Virginia gubernatorial candidate Bill Maloney gives a concession speech to supporters in Morgantown, W.Va., on Tuesday, Nov. 6, 2012. Maloney lost the race to incumbent Earl Ray Tomblin. (AP Photo/David Smith) Gallery: Election Day in West Virginia Nov. 07, 2012 @ 01:28 AM 2012/The Herald-Dispatch West Virginia Gov. Earl Ray Tomblin and U.S. Sen. Joe Manchin, both Democrats, were re-elected on Tuesday. (u'nobuy',)


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ROSEMONT, Ill.---Chicago Wolves captain Jason Krog tied the game, 1-1, with 2:25 remaining in regulation and right wing Darren Haydar scored in the shootout to give the Wolves a 2-1 shootout victory over the Manitoba Moose at the Allstate Arena Tuesday night.
Wolves goaltender Peter Mannino (6-3-0) stopped all five Moose attempts in the shootout and posted 25 saves on 26 shots in regulation and overtime to pick up his fifth straight win.
After failing to crack the scoreboard for the first 57:35 of the game, Krog finally got Chicago (11-12-1-0) on the board at 17:35 of the third period. The rebound from Haydar's shot on the power play caromed right to Krog and he fired it through traffic in front of the net, past Moose goaltender Eddie Lack.
Lack (6-4-2) made 17 saves in regulation and overtime and stopped four of five Chicago attempts in the shootout.
"They did a very good job of hemming us in all game and making us play in our own zone," said Wolves Head Coach Don Lever. "We did a good job on the penalty kill in the third period and overtime and Peter made some big saves, especially in the shootout."
Manitoba (11-6-0-2) cracked the scoreboard to take a 1-0 lead, which held up for the duration of the game at 14:01 of the second period. With the Moose working on the power play, defenseman Kevin Connauton took a pass from right wing Sergei Shirokov low in the zone and his centering pass across the crease deflected off a Wolves player's skates and past Mannino.
The Wolves hit the road for a three-game swing this weekend, beginning when they visit the Lake Erie Monsters at Quicken Loans Arena on Friday at 6:30 p.m.
Manitoba 0 1 0 0 -- 1
Chicago 0 0 1 0 (1) -- 2 Shootout
First Period---None. Penalties---Oberg, Manitoba (holding), 6:03; Andersson, Manitoba (hooking), 10:41; Garbutt, Chicago (holding), 13:48; Cormier, Chicago (hooking), 18:28.
Second Period---1, Manitoba, Connauton 5 (Shirokov, Baumgartner), 14:01 pp. Penalties---Hodgson, Manitoba (tripping), 7:53; Ross, Chicago (slashing), 13:31
Third Period---2, Chicago, Krog 5 (Haydar, Deveaux), 17:35 pp. Penalties---Hunt, Chicago, (hooking), 0:30; Garbutt, Chicago (holding), 11:52; Andersson, Manitoba (hooking), 12:10; Oberg, Manitoba (tripping), 15:50; Hunt, Chicago (boarding), 19:41.
Overtime---None. Penalties---Bench, Manitoba (too many men), 1:28.
Shootout---Manitoba: Rosa, miss; Hodgson, miss; Schroeder, miss; Shirokov, miss; B. Sweatt, miss. Chicago: Dawes, miss; Aliu, miss; Machacek, miss; Pettersson, miss; Haydar, made.
Shots on goal---Manitoba: 11-11-4-0--26. Chicago: 2-5-9-2-1-19. Power plays---Manitoba: 1-6. Chicago: 1-6. Goalies---Manitoba, Lack (17-18). Chicago, Mannino (25-26). A---2,013. Referee---Timmy Mayer. Linesmen---Mike Hamilton and Al Stensland.


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King & Wood Mallesons
News from The Lawyer
Asia moves: 3 August 2015
KWM's Fuller: "No more mergers for now, our focus is on integration"
Deutsche Bank reappoints host of firms to global panel
AA panel review sign-off delayed by three months
Bates Wells Braithwaite sees 12 per cent jump in revenue to £20m for 2014/15
Analysis from The Lawyer
Shanghai pioneers in liberalising China's legal market
Shanghai's ground-breaking Pilot Free Trade Zone could mark the beginning of the long-awaited liberalisation of China's legal services sector.
US firms muscle in on Hong Kong
Hong Kong IPO activity is hotting up again, but UK legal stalwarts are looking over their shoulders as US rivals make up ground fast
OverviewLevel 61, Governor Phillip Tower
1 Farrer Place
Jurisdiction: PRC/Australia
No. of offices: 19
No. of qualified lawyers: 1,634


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1955 Mercedes-Benz 300SL Gullwing Chassis no. 198.040.5500165 Engine no. M198.980.5500175 Body no. A198.040.5500164 215 hp, 2,992 cc SOHC six-cylinder engine with Bosch mechanical fuel injection, four-speed manual transmission,... More
1961 Mercedes-Benz 300 SL Roadster VIN: 198.042.10002637 In 1961, only two years after becoming the 49th state, Alaska took delivery of its first and... More
This convertible is beautiful, luxurious, durable, and will always have a story to tell. There may never be another opportunity to own a low... More
1963 Mercedes-Benz 300SL Roadster VIN: 198042-10-003257 Second to last 300SL built by Mercedes-Benz Alloy engine Mercedes-Benz Zertifikat, and Fahrzeug-Daten card Complete with original hardtop,... More
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Very Rare 1957 Mercedes-Benz 300SL Gullwing Coupe (one of only 70 cars produced in 1957) Chassis no. 198040.570013 Engine no. 198980.6500342 2,996cc SOHC Inline 6-Cylinder Engine Bosch Mechanical... More
1986 Mercedes-Benz 300SL Gullwing Recreation by Ostermeier s/n 658761 Black with Tan Leather Interior Because the 300SL Gullwing is one of the most iconic classic cars there... More
The 300SL was one of the most exotic cars available when it was new. Directly descended from racing cars, and chock full of innovative... More
We're proud to offer this beautiful 1999 Mercedes-Benz 300SL Gullwing Recreation by Tony Ostermeier. Silver with striking red interior and only 19k miles showing.... More
1963 Mercedes-Benz 300SL Roadster Chassis no. 198042.10.003219 Engine no. 198982.10.000178 2,996cc SOHC Alloy Inline 6-Cylinder Engine Bosch Mechanical Fuel Injection 225bhp at 5,800rpm 4-Speed Manual Transmission 4-Wheel Independent Suspension 4-Wheel Disc Brakes *Desirable... More
FOR MORE INFORMATION ON THIS VEHICLE PLEASE CONTACT CRAIG ON 909 730 1555 MIKE ON 909 644 6220 OR MARCO ON 909 286 8000... More
1957 Mercedes 300SL roadster. Red with black leather interior. Originally born with very desirable color Blue Grey and black leather. It's been a California car... More
1956 300SL Gullwing Chassis: 198.040.6500214 Engine: 198.980.6500178 Body No. 198.040.6500211 Single Family Ownership from 1957 to 2006 Fully Restored to Concours Condition Stunning Color Combination Comprehensively Documented History Accompanied by Fitted Luggage... More
1960 Mercedes Benz 300SL Roadster 300SL Roadster, complete ground up restoration by noted 300SL specialist within the last 10 years. Outstanding mechanical condition. Show quality... More


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The Women's Center
West Chester University
Alicia Hahn-Murphy
Lawrence Center 220
West Chester, PA 19383
Phone: 610-436-2122
Fax: 610-436-3160
The Asia Adams Violence Against Women Awareness Grant is funded by West Chester University in honor of a student, Asia Adams. On November 7, 2004, Asia was brutally tortured and murdered by a man she was dating and his friend. At the time of her murder, Asia was a junior at WCU majoring in Psychology and minoring in Women's Studies.
The Asia Adams Violence Against Women Awareness Grant was developed in spring 2012 to help address the problem of violence against women in our community. The overall purpose and objective of this grant is to promote student-led projects and/or programming that educates the campus community about violence against women, including sexual assault, rape, stalking, dating violence, and domestic violence.
Types of Projects or Approaches
Students are encouraged to develop creative and informative projects to promote awareness of violence against women. Projects must have a demonstrated impact on the campus community.
Projects may include, but are not limited to:
All undergraduate and graduate students enrolled at WCU are eligible to apply for the grant.
Funding Limits
Grants will be awarded to a maximum amount of $1,500.
Due Dates
To Apply
Download a writable pdf of the application HERE!
Assistance in completing the application and projects will be provided by the Women's Center. Please contact Alicia Hahn-Murphy at firstname.lastname@example.com or 610-436-2122 with questions.