text:
A method is provided for operating a device for the containment and controlled release or exposure of a chemical substance. The method includes (i) providing a device which includes a substrate having a plurality of reservoirs, at least one chemical substance stored in the reservoirs, a plurality of metal reservoir caps, each of which closes an opening of one of said reservoir caps, and power and electrode means for disintegrating each of said reservoir caps; and (ii) disintegrating at least one of said reservoir caps, using said power and electrode means, to expose or release the chemical substance, wherein said disintegration comprises using potentiostatic or galvanostatic control to a voltage potential at said at least one reservoir cap.
1. A method of operating a device for the containment and controlled release or exposure of a chemical substance, the method comprising:
providing a device which comprises:
a substrate having a plurality of reservoirs,
at least one chemical substance stored in the reservoirs,
a plurality of metal reservoir caps, each of which closes an opening of one of said reservoirs, and
power and electrode means for disintegrating each of said reservoir caps; and
disintegrating at least one of said reservoir caps, using said power and electrode means, to expose or release the chemical substance,
wherein said disintegration comprises using potentiostatic or galvanostatic control to control a voltage potential at said at least one reservoir cap.
2. The method of
3. The method of
This is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 10/783,897, filed Feb. 20, 2004, now pending, which is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 09/665,303, filed Sep. 19, 2000, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,070,590, issued Jul. 4, 2006, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. application Ser. No. 09/022,322, filed Feb. 11, 1998, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,123,861, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. application Ser. No. 08/675,375, filed Jul. 2, 1996, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,797,898. These applications are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.
This invention relates to miniaturized drug delivery devices and more particularly, to controlled time and rate release multi-welled drug delivery devices.
Drug delivery is an important aspect of medical treatment. The efficacy of many drugs is directly related to the way in which they are administered. Some therapies require that the drug be repeatedly administered to the patient over a long period of time. This makes the selection of a proper drug delivery method problematic. Patients often forget, are unwilling, or are unable to take their medication. Drug delivery also becomes problematic when the drugs are too potent for systemic delivery. Therefore, attempts have been made to design and fabricate a delivery device which is capable of the controlled, pulsatile or continuous release of a wide variety of molecules including, but not limited to, drugs and other therapeutics.
Controlled release polymeric devices have been designed to provide drug release over a period of time via diffusion of the drug out of the polymer and/or degradation of the polymer over the desired time period following administration to the patient. However, these devices are relatively simple.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,490,962 to Cima, et al. discloses the use of three dimensional printing methods to make more complex devices which provide release over a desired time frame, of one or more drugs. Although the general procedure for making a complex device is described, specific designs are not detailed.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,003,379 to Ellinwood describes an implantable electromechanically driven device that includes a flexible retractable walled container, which receives medication from a storage area via an inlet and then dispenses the medication into the body via an outlet. U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,146,029 and 3,692,027 to Ellinwood disclose self-powered medication systems that have programmable miniaturized dispensing means. U.S. Pat. No. 4,360,019 to Jassawalla discloses an implantable infusion device that includes an actuating means for delivery of the drug through a catheter. The actuating means includes a solenoid driven miniature pump. All of these devices include miniature power-driven mechanical parts that are required to operate in the body, i.e., they must retract, dispense, or pump. These are complicated and subject to breakdown. Moreover, due to complexity and size restrictions, they are unsuitable to deliver more than a few drugs or drug mixtures at a time.
It therefore would be desirable to provide a multi-welled delivery device that is relatively simple to use and manufacture, but which is dependable and capable of delivering drugs or other molecules and can operate for weeks or years at a time. It would also be desirable to provide such a device that provides the delivery of drugs or other molecules in a controlled manner, such as continuously or pulsatile, and which operates actively or passively. It would further be desirable to provide such a device that can hold many different drugs or other molecules of varying dosages and is small enough to be implanted.
Devices are provided for the controlled release of molecules. The devices include (1) a substrate comprised of two or more substrate portions bonded together, (2) at least two reservoirs in the substrate containing the molecules for release, and (3) a reservoir cap positioned on, or within a portion of, the reservoir and over the molecules, so that the molecules are controllably released from the device by diffusion through or upon disintegration of the reservoir caps. In a preferred embodiment, the substrate comprises an upper substrate portion adjacent the reservoir cap and a lower substrate portion distal the reservoir cap, such that a reservoir section in the upper substrate portion is in communication with a reservoir section in the lower substrate portion, the two reservoir sections forming a single reservoir which generally is larger than that which would be provided using the single substrate device.
In an alternative embodiment, an internal reservoir cap is interposed between a reservoir section of the upper substrate portion and a reservoir section of the lower substrate portion, wherein release of the molecules from the reservoir section in the lower substrate portion is controlled by diffusion through or disintegration of the internal reservoir cap. The internal reservoir cap can be disintegratable so that the two reservoir sections thereby form a single reservoir. In this alternative embodiment, the reservoir section of the lower substrate portion can contain molecules different in quantity, type, or both quantity and type, from the molecules contained in the reservoir section of the upper substrate portion.
In a preferred embodiment, the molecule to be delivered is a drug. The drug can be provided alone or in a release system, such as a biodegradable matrix, or in any other pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. Combinations of different drugs can be delivered in different reservoirs or even in different reservoir sections as in the embodiment containing internal reservoir caps. The reservoirs can contain multiple drugs or other molecules in variable dosages.
Methods for making these microchip devices are also provided. In preferred embodiments, reservoirs are etched into two or more substrate portions using either chemical (wet) etching or plasma (dry) etching techniques well known in the field of microfabrication. Hundreds to thousands of reservoirs can be fabricated on a single substrate portion using these techniques. SOI techniques also can be adapted to make the reservoirs. The reservoir sections of the substrate portions are aligned and then the portions are bonded together. The reservoirs, or portions thereof, are filled either prior to or after the portions are bonded together.
Each of the reservoirs of a single microchip can contain different molecules and/or different amounts and concentrations, which can be released independently. The filled reservoirs can be capped with materials that passively disintegrate, materials that allow the molecules to diffuse passively out of the reservoir over time, or materials that disintegrate upon application of an electric potential. Release from an active device can be controlled by a preprogrammed microprocessor, remote control, or by biosensors.
Microchip devices have been provided which can accurately deliver drugs and other molecules at defined rates and times according to the needs of the patient or other experimental system. As used herein, a "microchip" is a miniaturized device fabricated using methods commonly applied to the manufacture of integrated circuits and MEMS (MicroElectroMechanical Systems) such as ultraviolet (UV) photolithography, reactive ion etching, and electron beam evaporation, as described, for example, by Wolf & Tauber, Silicon Processing for the VLSI Era, Volume 1—Process Technology (Lattice Press, Sunset Beach, Calif., 1986); and Jaeger, Introduction to Microelectronic Fabrication, Volume V in The Modular Series on Solid State Devices (Addison-Wesley, Reading, Mass., 1988), as well as MEMS methods that are not standard in making computer chips, including those described, for example, in Madou, Fundamentals of Microfabrication (CRC Press, 1997) and micromolding and micromachining techniques known in the art. The microchips provide control over the rate the molecules are released as well as the time at which release begins. The time of release can be controlled passively or actively. The microchip fabrication procedure allows the manufacture of devices with primary dimensions (length of a side if square or rectangular, or diameter if circular) ranging from less than a millimeter to several centimeters. A typical device thickness is 300 μm. However, the thickness of the device can vary from approximately 10 μm to several millimeters, depending on the device's application. Total device thickness and reservoir volume can also be increased by bonding or attaching additional silicon wafers or other substrate materials to the fabricated microchip device. In general, changing the device thickness affects the maximum number of reservoirs that may be incorporated onto a microchip and the volume of each reservoir. In vivo applications of the device would typically require devices having a primary dimension of 2 cm or smaller. Devices for in vivo applications are small enough to be swallowed or implanted using minimally invasive procedures. Smaller in vivo devices (on the order of a millimeter) can be implanted using a catheter or other injectable means Devices for in vitro applications have fewer size restrictions and, if necessary, can be made much larger than the dimension ranges for in vivo devices.
I. Device Components and Materials
Each device consists of a substrate, reservoirs, and a release system containing, enclosing, or layered with the molecules to be delivered. Devices which control the release time of the molecules may include reservoir caps. Active devices may include control circuitry and a power source.
A. The Substrate
The substrate contains the etched, molded, or machined reservoirs and serves as the support for the microchip. Any material which can serve as a support, is suitable for etching, molding, or machining, and is impermeable to the molecules to be delivered and to the surrounding fluids, for example, water, blood, electrolytes or other solutions, may be used as a substrate. Examples of substrate materials include ceramics, semiconductors, and degradable and non-degradable polymers. Biocompatibility of the substrate material is preferred, but not required. For in vivo applications, non-biocompatible materials may be encapsulated in a biocompatible material, such as poly(ethylene glycol) or polytetrafluoroethylene-like materials, before use. One example of a strong, non-degradable, easily etched substrate that is impermeable to the molecules to be delivered and the surrounding fluids is silicon. In another embodiment, the substrate is made of a strong material that degrades or dissolves over a period of time into biocompatible components. This embodiment is preferred for in vivo applications where the device is implanted and physical removal of the device at a later time is not feasible or recommended, for example, brain implants. An example of a class of strong, biocompatible materials are the poly(anhydride-co-imides) discussed by K. E. Uhrich et al, "Synthesis and characterization of degradable poly(anhydride-co-imides)", Macromolecules, 28:2184-93 (1995).
The substrate can be formed of only one material or can be a composite or multi-laminate material, e.g., several layers of the same or different substrate materials that are bonded together. Multi-portion substrates can include any number of layers of silicon, glasses, ceramics, semiconductors, metals, polymers, or other substrate materials. Two or more complete microchip devices also can be bonded together to form multi-portion substrate devices (see, e.g.,
B. Release System
The molecules to be delivered may be inserted into the reservoirs in their pure form, as a liquid solution or gel, or they may be encapsulated within or by a release system. As used herein, "release system" includes both the situation where the molecules are in pure form, as either a solid or liquid, or are in a matrix formed of degradable material or a material which releases incorporated molecules by diffusion out of or disintegration of the matrix. The molecules can be sometimes contained in a release system because the degradation, dissolution or diffusion properties of the release system provide a method for controlling the release rate of the molecules. The molecules can be homogeneously or heterogeneously distributed within the release system. Selection of the release system is dependent on the desired rate of release of the molecules. Both non-degradable and degradable release systems can be used for delivery of molecules. Suitable release systems include polymers and polymeric matrices, non-polymeric matrices, or inorganic and organic excipients and diluents such as, but not limited to, calcium carbonate and sugar. Release systems may be natural or synthetic, although synthetic release systems are preferred due to the better characterization of release profiles. The release system is selected based on the period over which release is desired, generally in the range of at least three to twelve months for in vivo applications. In contrast, release times as short as a few seconds may be desirable for some in vitro applications. In some cases, continuous (constant) release from a reservoir may be most useful. In other cases, a pulse (bulk) release from a reservoir may provide more effective results. Note that a single pulse from one reservoir can be transformed into pulsatile release by using multiple reservoirs. It is also possible to incorporate several layers of a release system and other materials into a single reservoir to achieve pulsatile delivery from a single reservoir. Continuous release can be achieved by incorporating a release system that degrades, dissolves, or allows diffusion of molecules through it over an extended period of time. In addition, continuous release can be simulated by releasing several pulses of molecules in quick succession.
The release system material can be selected so that molecules of various molecular weights are released from a reservoir by diffusion out or through the material or degradation of the material. Biodegradable polymers, bioerodible hydrogels, and protein delivery systems are preferred for release of molecules by diffusion, degradation, or dissolution. In general, these materials degrade or dissolve either by enzymatic hydrolysis or exposure to water in vivo or in vitro, or by surface or bulk erosion. Representative synthetic, biodegradable polymers include: poly(amides) such as poly(amino acids) and poly(peptides); poly(esters) such as poly(lactic acid), poly(glycolic acid), poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid), and poly(caprolactone); poly(anhydrides); poly(orthoesters); poly(carbonates); and chemical derivatives thereof (substitutions, additions of chemical groups, for example, alkyl, alkylene, hydroxylations, oxidations, and other modifications routinely made by those skilled in the art), copolymers and mixtures thereof. Representative synthetic, non-degradable polymers include: poly(ethers) such as poly(ethylene oxide), poly(ethylene glycol), and poly(tetramethylene oxide); vinyl polymers—poly(acrylates) and poly(methacrylates) such as methyl, ethyl, other alkyl, hydroxyethyl methacrylate, acrylic and methacrylic acids, and others such as poly(vinyl alcohol), poly(vinyl pyrolidone), and poly(vinyl acetate); poly(urethanes); cellulose and its derivatives such as alkyl, hydroxyalkyl, ethers, esters, nitrocellulose, and various cellulose acetates; poly(siloxanes); and any chemical derivatives thereof (substitutions, additions of chemical groups, for example, alkyl, alkylene, hydroxylations, oxidations, and other modifications routinely made by those skilled in the art), copolymers and mixtures thereof.
C. Molecules to be Released
Any natural or synthetic, organic or inorganic molecule or mixture thereof can be delivered. In one embodiment, the microchip is used to deliver drugs systemically to a patient in need thereof. In another embodiment, the construction and placement of the microchip in a patient enables the localized release of drugs that may be too potent for systemic delivery. As used herein, drugs are organic or inorganic molecules, including proteins, nucleic acids, polysaccharides and synthetic organic molecules, having a bioactive effect, for example, anaesthetics, vaccines, chemotherapeutic agents, hormones, metabolites, sugars, immunomodulators, antioxidants, ion channel regulators, and antibiotics. The drugs can be in the form of a single drug or drug mixtures and can include pharmaceutically acceptable carriers. In another embodiment, molecules are released in vitro in any system where the controlled release of a small (milligram to nanogram) amount of one or more molecules is required, for example, in the fields of analytic chemistry or medical diagnostics. Molecules can be effective as pH buffering agents, diagnostic agents, and reagents in complex reactions such as the polymerase chain reaction or other nucleic acid amplification procedures.
D. Reservoir Caps
In the passive timed release drug delivery devices, the reservoir caps are formed from a material that degrades or dissolves over time, or does not degrade or dissolve but is permeable to the molecules to be delivered. These materials are preferably polymeric materials. Materials can be selected for use as reservoir caps to give a variety of degradation rates or dissolution rates or permeabilities to enable the release of molecules from different reservoirs at different times and, in some cases, different rates. To obtain different release times (amounts of release time delay), caps can be formed of different polymers, the same polymer with different degrees of crosslinking, or a UV polymerizable polymer. In the latter case, varying the exposure of this polymer to UV light results in varying degrees of crosslinking and gives the cap material different diffusion properties or degradation or dissolution rates. Another way to obtain different release times is by using one polymer, but varying the thickness of that polymer. Thicker films of some polymers result in delayed release time. Any combination of polymer, degree of crosslinking, or polymer thickness can be modified to obtain a specific release time or rate. In one embodiment, the release system containing the molecules to be delivered is covered by a degradable cap material which is nearly impermeable to the molecules. The time of release of the molecules from the reservoir will be limited by the time necessary for the cap material to degrade or dissolve. In another embodiment, the cap material is non-degradable and is permeable to the molecules to be delivered. The physical properties of the material used, its degree of crosslinking, and its thickness will determine the time necessary for the molecules to diffuse through the cap material. If diffusion out of the release system is limiting, the cap material delays the onset of release. If diffusion through the cap material is limiting, the cap material determines the release rate of the molecules in addition to delaying the onset of release.
II. Methods of Making the Microchip Devices
A. Fabrication of the Reservoirs
Devices are manufactured using methods known to those skilled in the art, reviewed, for example, by Wolf et at. (1986), Jaeger (1988), and Madou, Fundamentals of Microfabrication (CRC Press, 1997).
In a preferred method of microchip manufacture, depicted in
Multi-portion substrate devices can be formed simply by making two or more individual substrate portions and then bonding them to one another with the matching openings of the reservoir sections aligned. There are two main types of bonds that can be formed between substrate portions. The first are atomic-scale or molecular-scale bonds. These types of bonds usually involve the interpenetration, intermixing, or interdiffusion of atoms or molecules of one or more of the substrates at the interface between the substrate materials. A preferred method of this type of substrate bonding for use primarily with silicon or glass substrates involves using heat and/or electric voltages to enable the interdiffusion of material between the two substrates, causing a molecular-scale bond to form at the interface between silicon, glass, and other similar materials. This anodic bonding process is well known in the art. Another embodiment of this type of bonding involves melting and re-solidification of the top layer of one or both substrates at an interface between two or more substrate portions. The melted material intermixes, and upon solidification, a strong bond is formed between the substrate portions. In one embodiment, this melting and re-solidification can be caused by the brief application of a solvent (for example, methylene chloride) to the substrate, e.g., PLEXIGLAS™ (an acrylic) or LEXAN™ (polycarbonate). The second type of bonding methods involves using a material other than the substrate material to form the bond. A preferred embodiment of this type of bonding includes the use of chemical adhesives, epoxies, and cements. An embodiment that could be used with UV transparent substrate materials would involve UV curable epoxy. The UV curable epoxy would be spread between the two substrate portions using a method such as spin coating, the reservoirs would be aligned, and a UV light source would be used to cross-link (i.e. cure) the epoxy and bond the substrates together.
Alternatively, reservoirs also can be formed using silicon-on-insulator (SOI) techniques, such as is described in S. Renard, "Industrial MEMS on SOI," J. Micromech. Microeng. 10:245-249 (2000). SOI methods can be usefully adapted to form reservoirs having complex reservoir shapes, for example, as shown in
B. Fabrication of Passive Timed Release Reservoir Caps
Reservoir caps control the time at which molecules are released from the reservoirs. Each reservoir cap can be of a different thickness or have different physical properties to vary the time at which each release system containing the molecules is exposed to the surrounding fluids. Injection, inkjet printing, and spin coating are the preferred methods of reservoir filling and any of these methods may be used to fill reservoirs, regardless of the reservoir's shape or size. However, injection and inkjet printing are the preferred methods of filling deep (>10 μm) reservoirs or reservoirs with large openings (>100 μm). For example, to obtain different cap thicknesses using injection or inkjet printing, different amounts of cap material are injected or printed directly into each individual reservoir. Spin coating is the preferred method of filling shallow (<10 μm) reservoirs, reservoirs that do not pass completely through the substrate, or reservoirs with small (<100 μm) openings. Variation in cap thickness or material by spin coating can be achieved by a repeated, step-wise process of spin coating, masking selected reservoirs, and etching. For example, to vary cap thickness with spin coating, the cap material is spin coated over the entire substrate. Spin coating is repeated, if necessary, until the material is nearly planarized. A mask material such as photoresist is patterned to cover the cap material in all the reservoirs except one. Plasma, ion beam, or chemical etchants are used to etch the cap material in the exposed reservoir to the desired thickness. The photoresist is then removed from the substrate. The process is repeated as a new layer of photoresist is deposited and patterned to cover the cap material in all the reservoirs except one (the exposed reservoir is not the same one already etched to its desired thickness). Etching of the exposed cap material in this reservoir continues until the desired cap thickness is obtained. This process of depositing and patterning a mask material such as photoresist, etching, and mask removal can be repeated until each reservoir has its own unique cap thickness. The techniques, UV photolithography, plasma or ion beam etching, etc., are well known to those skilled in the field of microfabrication.
Although injection, inkjet printing and spin coating are the preferred methods of cap fabrication, it is understood that each reservoir can be capped individually by capillary action, by pulling or pushing the material into the reservoir using a vacuum or other pressure gradient, by melting the material into the reservoir, by centrifugation and related processes, by manually packing solids into the reservoir, or by any combination of these or similar reservoir filling techniques.
Once a cap fabrication method is selected, additional methods for controlling the time of release of molecules from a reservoir can be utilized, for example, including either UV polymerizable polymers or the layering of release system and cap materials. In the first embodiment, where the reservoir caps are made of either an injected, inkjet printed or spin coated UV polymerizable polymer, each cap can be exposed to a different intensity of UV light to give varying degrees of crosslinking and therefore, different degradation or dissolution rates for degradable caps or different permeabilities to the molecules for non-degradable caps. Second, layers of cap material, both degradable and non-degradable, can be inserted between layers of the release system containing the molecules to be delivered by injection, inkjet printing, spin coating, or selective crosslinking. These and other similar methods allow complex release profiles (e.g., pulsatile delivery at irregular time intervals) to be achieved from a single reservoir.
If desired, a passive timed release device can be fabricated without reservoir caps. The rate of release of the molecules is thus solely controlled by the physical and material properties of the release system containing the molecule to be delivered.
Several possible configurations for passive delivery devices are shown in
C. Fabrication of Active Timed Release Reservoir Caps
In a preferred embodiment, photoresist is patterned in the form of electrodes on the surface of the substrate having the reservoirs covered by the thin membrane of insulating or dielectric material. The photoresist is developed such that the area directly over the covered opening of the reservoir is left uncovered by photoresist and is in the shape of an anode. A thin film of conductive material capable of dissolving into solution or forming soluble ions or oxidation compounds upon the application of an electric potential is deposited over the entire surface using deposition techniques such as chemical vapor deposition, electron or ion beam evaporation, sputtering, spin coating, and other techniques known in the art. Exemplary materials include metals such as copper, gold, silver, and zinc and some polymers, as disclosed by Kwon et al. (1991) and Bae et al. (1994). After film deposition, the photoresist is stripped from the substrate. This removes the deposited film, except in those areas not covered by photoresist (lift-off technique). This leaves conducting material on the surface of the substrate in the form of electrodes 360. An alternative method involves depositing the conductive material over the entire surface of the device, patterning photoresist on top of the conductive film using UV or infrared (IR) photolithography, so that the photoresist lies over the reservoirs in the shape of anodes, and etching the unmasked conductive material using plasma, ion beam, or chemical etching techniques. The photoresist is then stripped, leaving conductive film anodes covering the reservoirs. Typical film thicknesses of the conductive material may range from 0.05 to several microns. The anode serves as the reservoir cap and the placement of the cathodes on the device is dependent upon the device's application and method of electric potential control.
An insulating or dielectric material such as silicon oxide (SiOX) or silicon nitride (SiNX) is deposited over the entire surface of the device by methods such as chemical vapor deposition (CVD), electron or ion beam evaporation, sputtering, or spin coating. Photoresist is patterned on top of the dielectric to protect it from etching except on the cathodes and the portions of the anodes directly over each reservoir 380. The dielectric material can be etched by plasma, ion beam, or chemical etching techniques. The purpose of this film is to protect the electrodes from corrosion, degradation, or dissolution in all areas where electrode film removal is not necessary for release.
The electrodes are positioned in such a way that when an electric potential is applied between an anode and a cathode, the unprotected (not covered by dielectric) portion of the anode reservoir cap oxidizes to form soluble compounds or ions that dissolves into solution, exposing the release system containing the molecules to the surrounding fluids. The molecules are released from the reservoir at a rate dependent upon the degradation or dissolution rate of a degradable release system or the rate of diffusion of the molecules out of or through a non-degradable release system.
Several possible configurations for active delivery devices are shown in
D. Removal of the Insulator Membrane (Reservoir Etch Stop)
The thin membrane of insulating or dielectric material covering the reservoir used as a mask and an etch stop during reservoir fabrication must be removed from the active timed release device before filling reservoir 400 and from the passive timed release device (if the reservoir extends completely through the substrate) after filling reservoir 44. The membrane may be removed in two ways. First, the membrane can be removed by an ion beam or reactive ion plasma. In a preferred embodiment, the silicon nitride used as the insulating material can be removed by a reactive ion plasma composed of oxygen and fluorine containing gases such as CHF3, CF4, or SF6. Second, the membrane can be removed by chemical etching. For example, buffered hydrofluoric acid (BHF or BOE) can be used to etch silicon dioxide and hot phosphoric acid can be used to etch silicon nitride.
E. Reservoir Filling
The release system containing the molecules for delivery is inserted into the large opening of the reservoir by injection, inkjet printing or spin coating 40 a/40 b/400. Each reservoir can contain a different molecule and dosage. Similarly, the release kinetics of the molecule in each reservoir can be varied by the choice of the release system and cap materials. In addition, the mixing or layering of release system and cap materials in each reservoir can be used to tailor the release kinetics to the needs of a particular application.
The distribution over the microchip of reservoirs filled with the release system containing the molecules to be delivered can vary depending on the medical needs of the patient or other requirements of the system. For applications in drug delivery, for example, the drugs in each of the rows can differ from each other. One row may contain a hormone and another row may contain a metabolite. Also, the release system can differ within each row to release a drug at a high rate from one reservoir and a slow rate from another reservoir. The dosages can also vary within each row. For those devices having deep (>10 μm) reservoirs or reservoirs with large (>100 μm) openings, differences in reservoir loading can be achieved by injection or inkjet printing of different amounts of material directly into each reservoir. Variation between reservoirs is achieved in devices having shallow (<10 μm) reservoirs, reservoirs that do not pass completely through the substrate, or reservoirs with small (<100 μm) openings by a repeated, step-wise process of masking selected reservoirs, spin coating, and etching, as described above regarding the fabrication by spin coating of passive timed release reservoir caps. Preferably, the release system and molecules to be delivered are mixed before application to the reservoirs. Although injection, inkjet printing and spin coating are the preferred methods of filling reservoirs, it is understood that each reservoir can be filled individually by capillary action, by pulling or pushing the material into the reservoir using a vacuum or other pressure gradient, by melting the material into the reservoir, by centrifugation and related processes, by manually packing solids into the reservoir, or by any combination of these or similar reservoir filling techniques.
In preferred embodiments of both active and passive release devices, the reservoir openings used for filling (i.e., the openings opposite the reservoir cap end) are sealed following reservoir filling, using any of a variety of techniques known in the art. For example, sealing can be provided by bonding a rigid backing plate or a thin flexible film across the opening. Alternatively, the opening can be sealed by applying a fluid material, e.g., an adhesive, which plugs the opening and hardens to form a seal. In another embodiment, a second substrate portion, e.g., of a second device, can be bonded across the reservoirs openings, as shown in
F. Device Packaging, Control Circuitry, and Power Source
The openings through which the reservoirs of passive and active devices are filled are sealed by wafer bonding or with a waterproof epoxy or other appropriate material impervious to the surrounding fluids 44/440. For in vitro applications, the entire unit, except for the face of the device containing the reservoirs and electrodes, is encased in a material appropriate for the system. For in vivo applications, the unit is preferably encapsulated in a biocompatible material such as poly(ethylene glycol) or polytetrafluoroethylene.
The mechanism for release of molecules by the active timed release device does not depend on multiple parts fitted or glued together which must retract or dislodge. Control of the time of release of each reservoir can be achieved by a preprogrammed microprocessor, by remote control, by a signal from a biosensor, or by any combination of these methods, as shown schematically in
G. Electric Potential Control Methods
The reservoir caps of an active device are anodes that oxidize to form soluble compounds and ions when a potential is applied between the anode and a cathode. For a given electrode material and electrolyte, there exists a range of electric potentials over which these oxidation reactions are thermodynamically and kinetically favorable. In order to reproducibly oxidize and open the reservoir caps of the device, the anode potential must be maintained within this favorable potential range.
There exist two primary control methods for maintaining an electrode within a specific potential range. The first method is called potentiostatic control. As the name indicates, the potential is kept constant during reservoir activation. Control of the potential is typically accomplished by incorporating a third electrode into the system that has a known, constant potential, called a reference electrode. The reference electrode can take the form of an external probe whose tip is placed within one to three millimeters of the anode surface. The potential of the anode is measured and controlled with respect to the known potential of a reference electrode such as a saturated calomel electrode (SCE). In a preferred embodiment of potentiostatic control, a thin film reference electrode and potential feedback controller circuitry could be fabricated directly onto the surface of the microchip. For example, a microfabricated Ag/AgCl reference electrode integrated with a microchip device would enable the device to maintain the anode potential of an activated reservoir within the oxidation regime until the reservoir was completely opened. The second method is called galvanostatic control. As the name indicates, the current is kept constant during reservoir activation. One drawback to this method of control is that there is more than one stable potential for a given current density. However, if the current density versus potential behavior is well characterized for the microchip device in a particular electrolyte system, the current density that will maintain the anode in the oxidation regime will be known. In this case, the galvanostatic method of potential control would be preferable to the potentiostatic control, because galvanostatic control does not require a reference electrode.
III. Applications for the Microchip Devices
Passive and active microchip devices have numerous in vitro and in vivo applications. The microchip can be used in vitro to deliver small, controlled amounts of chemical reagents or other molecules to solutions or reaction mixtures at precisely controlled times and rates. Analytical chemistry and medical diagnostics are examples of fields where the microchip delivery device can be used. The microchip can be used in vivo as a drug delivery device. The microchips can be implanted into a patient, either by surgical techniques or by injection, or can be swallowed. The microchips provide delivery of drugs to animals or persons who are unable to remember or be ambulatory enough to take medication. The microchips further provide delivery of many different drugs at varying rates and at varying times of delivery.
In a preferred embodiment the reservoir cap enables passive timed release, not requiring a power source, of molecules. The reservoirs are capped with materials that degrade or dissolve at a known rate or have a known permeability (diffusion constant) for the molecules to be delivered. Therefore, the degradation, dissolution or diffusion characteristics of the cap material determine the time at which the release of molecules in a particular reservoir begins. In effect, the microchip provides dual control of the release of molecules by selection of the release system (rate controller) and selection of the cap material (time controller, and in some cases, rate controller).
In another preferred embodiment, the reservoir cap enables active timed release, requiring a power source, of molecules. In this embodiment, the reservoir caps consist of a thin film of conductive material that is deposited over the reservoir, patterned to a desired geometry, and serves as an anode. Cathodes are also fabricated on the device with their size and placement dependent on the device's application and method of electric potential control. Conductive materials capable of dissolving into solution or forming soluble compounds or ions upon the application of an electric potential, including metals such as copper, gold, silver, and zinc and some polymers, are used in the active timed release device. When an electric potential is applied between an anode and cathode, the conductive material of the anode above the reservoir oxidizes to form soluble compounds or ions that dissolve into solution, exposing the release system containing the molecules to be delivered to the surrounding fluids. Alternatively, the application of an electric potential can be used to create changes in local pH near the anode reservoir cap to allow normally insoluble ions or oxidation products to become soluble. This would allow the reservoir to dissolve and expose the release system to the surrounding fluids. In either case, the molecules to be delivered are released into the surrounding fluids by diffusion out of or by degradation or dissolution of the release system. The frequency of release is controlled by incorporation of a miniaturized power source and microprocessor onto the microchip. Activation of any reservoir can be achieved by preprogramming the microprocessor, by remote control, or by a signal from a biosensor.
The microchip devices and methods of fabrication thereof will be further understood by reference to the following non-limiting examples.
Alternately, for those devices having a nitride membrane (reservoirs extend completely through the wafer), continue with the following steps.
A passive timed release device, microchip 10 is shown in
Microchip 10 can be inserted into solution for in vitro applications or be implanted in a selected part of the body for in vivo applications and left to operate without requiring further attention. When exposed to the surrounding fluids, reservoir caps 12 will degrade or become permeable to the release system containing molecules for delivery 18.
A drug delivery device that provides active timed release is shown as microchip 100 in
Another drug delivery device that provides active timed release is shown as microchip 200 in
In one embodiment of the device shown in
Modifications and variations of the methods and devices described herein will be obvious to those skilled in the art from the foregoing detailed description. Such modifications and variations are intended to come within the scope of the appended claims.
Patent Citations
Non-Patent Citations
Referenced by
Original Image


text:
It must come as some reassurance to Mitt Romney that he is not the only would-be President who says remarkably silly things while visiting foreign lands. Last month Hillary Clinton, on a tour of sub-Saharan Africa, delivered a speech in Senegal in which she said that the United States would stand up for democracy and universal human rights "even when it might be easier or more profitable to look the other way, to keep the resources flowing." In a barely veiled dig at China, she added, "Not every partner makes that choice, but we do and we will."
China is widely seen as engaging in an aggressive grab for Africa's energy and mineral wealth in ways many African leaders find irresistible. Unlike the United States and multilateral institutions such as the World Bank, in which the U.S. has a dominant position, the Chinese offer money and technical assistance without attaching bothersome conditions on human rights, democracy, and free markets. [click to continue…]
{ 0 comments }

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Information for teachers, counselors, school administrators, and university faculty.
Educators across the K-16 spectrum may get involved with Rural Scholars in a number of ways. The Rural Scholars Program works with local school districts in Columbiana County, with our current focus on the following districts: Salem, East Liverpool City, Crestview, Wellsville, Lisbon Village Exempted, and Southern. We hope to expand in the future to all districts in the county as well as neighboring Carrollton, Sebring, South Range, and West Branch districts.
Applications will be available every year beginning in February. Please note that only rising seventh graders in Salem, East Liverpool, Southern Local, Wellsville, Lisbon Village, and Crestview school districts may apply. For an application, click here.
How It Works
To get an idea of what a successful program like this can do, take a look at some of the following programs which have served as models for the Rural Scholars Program design.
Elementary Educators


text:
Chattanooga Lady Mocs Postgame Quotes
Chattanooga at Elon
Alumni Gym - Elon, N.C.
Monday - Jan. 7, 2013
Head Coach Wes Moore
Thoughts on the game:
"Offensive rebounds. All you have to do is box out the last possession. You are up two and they miss a shot, all you have to do is box out and get one rebound and you have won the game. They are going to have to foul you. We did not get that one rebound and in overtime the same thing. They kept getting offensive boards ... 10 out of 21 from the foul line doesn't get it done either. We scored 23 points in the second half and we just didn't execute it well enough."
"It is very disappointing because there is a very small margin for error. Last year we lost the regular season championship by one game. You can't afford to let one get away like we did tonight."
"We were right on the edge so many times of putting it away and we just didn't quite do it. That is what happens when you are on the road. When you don't put a final nail in it and get it done, this is what happens. Very disappointing."
On Elon's defense of Ashlen Dewart in the first half:
"They did a good job of doubling her and they were very physical with her. She missed some easy shots in the first half, but she got her confidence back in the second and hit some big shots for us. It really gave us and edge."
On Kylie Lambert's play with seven steals:
"She made some big steals ... she also had six assists to only thee turnovers. She got seven boards. Kylie is just an all-around player. She does a lot of things well. She stepped up for us and did some good things and gave us a chance to win the game."


text:
234 Named to Spring Big 12 Honor Roll
The Big 12 Conference released its 2014 Spring Commissioner's Honor Roll with a total of 234 West Virginia University student-athletes making the list. The conference recognizes all student-athletes at its member institutions during each semester with a 3.0 grade point average or higher.
Of the 234 WVU student-athletes recognized by the Big 12 for their academic excellence, 47 registered a GPA of 4.0 in the fall semester.
The 47 Mountaineers named to the list with a perfect 4.0 GPA in the semester include: Joby Lapkowicz (baseball); Kevin Noreen (men's basketball); Averee Fields and Jess Harlee (women's basketball); Ricky Rogers (football); Jaida Lawrence, Rachel Sine, Hope Sloanhoffer and Bethany Yurko (gymnastics); Elizabeth Duarte, Mallory Fisher, Madison Jones, Anna Kretzer, Erika Mall, Tamyra Roberts, Mollie Rosen, Courtney Schrand and Karen Verwey (rowing); Carly Black, Ali Connelly, Katie Osterman and Frances Silva (women's soccer); Frank Csonka, Nathan Howells and David Palley (men's swimming & diving); Meredith Rogers, Lindsay Schmidt, Haily VandePoel and Jenelle Zee (women's swimming & diving); Jenna Barreto, Amy Cashin, Allie Diehl, Maggie Drazba, Jillian Forsey, Emily Gillespie, Brianna Kerekes, Allison Lasnicki, Renee Maisonneuve, Sarah Martinelli, Kimberly Mulvin, Allison Pettit, Sydney Scott and Kelly Williams (track and field); Liz Gulick, Elzbieta Klein and Hannah Shreve (volleyball); and Tim Wheeling (wrestling). In addition, Andy Bevin, Zach Claudio, Christian Diaz, Jack Elliott, Lee Johnston and Trevor Moon (men's soccer), and Chance Cover, Thomas Kyanko and Maren Prediger (rifle) registered a 4.0 GPA in the fall.
The rowing and cross country/track teams led all Mountaineer athletic teams with 40 and 31 honorees, respectively, on the honor roll. Other total student-athletes on the honor roll include football (30), women's soccer (22), men's swimming & diving (18), women's swimming & diving (18), baseball (17), gymnastics (13), wrestling (12), women's basketball (9), tennis (9), volleyball (8) and men's basketball (7). Men's soccer had 19 student-athletes, while rifle had six student-athletes record a 3.0 GPA in the fall.
The Big 12 Commissioner's Honor Roll is an inclusive honor for varsity sports sponsored by the membership of the league. The Commissioner's Honor Roll is recorded and released each semester and recognizes those Big 12 student-athletes who recorded a 3.0 or better GPA the previous semester.
More than 2,500 student-athletes each semester have been named to the Big 12 Commissioner's Honor Roll in the Conference's 17-year tenure.
Big 12 Media Days: Dave Wannstedt
Big 12 Media Days: Karl Joseph
Men's Basketball: Bahamas Preview
Womens Soccer: Kadeisha Buchanan Press Conference
Big 12 Media Days: Dana Holgorsen
Women's Soccer: Amanda Hill and Mocha


text:
An undergraduate sociology major provides valuable insights into social factors such as race, ethnicity, gender, age, education, and social class that affect work and how organizations operate. Developing a sociological perspective is advantageous for working in today's multiethnic and multinational business environment. Thus, a degree in sociology is an excellent springboard for entering the world of business, industry, and nonprofit organizations. Our majors can be found working in fields including law, business, medicine, teaching, government, non-profit organizations, and social work.
As a major, you will learn to apply basic sociological research techniques and skills. The department offers student internships and research opportunities through yearly sociology and social work practicum experiences; thus, you will have a chance to apply your learning and test out a field that interests you with professional guidance. Recent internships include placement with the court system, social service agencies, rehabilitation organizations, and other local non-profits, which our graduates have found useful in a variety of career tracks.
A distinct benefit of a degree in sociology is that the most important problems of the 21st century will be social: how to avoid war, advance democracy, fight poverty and crime, treat substance abuse, and minimize environmental destruction. Loyola sociologists will be on the forefront in the search for answers.
Top Row (L to R): Mark Peyrot, Lovell Smith, Josh Hendrick
Bottom Row (L to R): Amanda Konradi, Toni Keane, Michelle Gawerc, Barbara Vann
The Sociology Department offered a tenure line appointment to Amanda Konradi, who will move into Beatty Hall. New adjunct faculty have joined the department: William Sheppard will teach anthropology courses, Eileen Walsh and Julie Knight will teach global studies, Asha Layne and Patrick Brugh will teach sociology. Chris Faria and Christine deGraft-Johnson will serve as receptionists for the department in Beatty 314.
Michelle Gawerc will be on leave F2014. Joshua Hendrick will be on leave F2014 and S2015. Barbara Vann will remain on sabbatical in Prague F2014.
New major requirements take effect F2014. Internship information has been updated. The Sociology Club has new co-presidents for 2014-2015, Noah Hunsinger and Conor Skelton.


text:
Hays: The trap of holding onWritten by Pam Hays | | firstname.lastname@example.com
I heard a story recently about the difficulty of catching ring-tailed lemurs in Africa, which are wanted by zoos around the world. They don't fall prey to conventional methods of trapping, so a more creative approach is needed.
Right about now, you are thinking you have come across an article from National Geographic. You haven't. Hang in there with me for a minute and I will segue from African animals to traumatic brain injury.
The Zulus on the continent of Africa had to do two very important things before they could even begin to figure out how to trap a ring-tailed lemur. They had to learn about them and they had to develop a great understanding of them. The Zulus found through their observations that ring-tailed lemurs just loved a certain melon that was native to the African continent. The lemurs would spend much time finding these melons and then gnaw at the melon's outer rind to find their way not to the pulp but the seeds. They would dig in with their hands, grasp the seeds and devour them for hours on end, going from melon to melon.
Once the Zulus figured out the melon was what the lemurs sought more than anything, the melon became the trap. But it wasn't enough to just put the melons inside a trap; the lemur would simply run away and go find a different melon. What the trappers did that worked was to cut a small hole in the top of each melon. The lemurs would then come to the melon, reach in for the seeds and grab them.
But how was that a trap, you might be asking? The lemurs loved the seeds so much that they refused to let go of them. Their balled up fists could not fit through the hole to release them from these large melons. They would scream and fight to get the melon off of their hand, but to no avail. It was more important to hold on to the seeds and remain trapped, than to gently open their fists, let the seeds go and find freedom.
Maybe there is a fear that another melon might not come along, or maybe it is because no one ever taught a lemur how to let go if trapped in a melon. Maybe you can see now where this story fits in with the life of someone who has a traumatic brain injury (TBI).
At some point, many survivors reach a point in their rehabilitation where they have to make some tough decisions. Clinging to the "seeds" in their lives after a TBI only keeps them stuck in the "melon" of negative thinking, like "I used to be able to do that," "If I try harder I will be like I used to be," "No one will ever love me like this," "Is my life always going to be like this?" or "Is life worth living if I can't be like I was before?" This self-talk prevents survivors from finding the freedom to explore a new life — a life that now includes TBI.
At The Arms Forces we see our veterans' traps and we do all we can to ensure their lives are not stuck. We gently help them open themselves up to release the seeds that are holding them back from a life free from stigma, free from the bondage of never believing they are "good enough," free to have a life that includes a degree of comfort, peace, self-esteem, meaningful work, loving relationships and understanding.
I can't repeat this enough: The journey for a TBI survivor can be one that goes from extreme adversity to joyful renewal! I am reminded of that every time I look at my own life as a severe TBI survivor. Ring-tailed lemurs and TBIs — who would have thought.
March is Brain Injury Awareness Month. More than 1.7 million civilians sustain a brain injury each year. Depending on where you get your information, it is reported that up to 500,000 veterans have received a brain injury since 2000.
Brain injury affects more people than the other top five health issues in our country added together. The World Health Organization predicts it will be the No. 1 health concern in the world by 2020. Protect the head!
Pam Hays is president and founder of The Arms Forces, www.thearms forces.org; (419) 891-2111; Facebook.com/thearmsforces.
Tags: African animals, Brain Injury Awareness Month, brain surgery, lemurs, National Geographic, The World Health Organization, traumatic brain injury (TBI), Zulus


text:
Apple is on there way out! Thank God for Android and Samsung!!
This phone just goes to show you that Apple just can't keep up with the game anymore!!!
iPhone 5 unboxing and hardware hands-on
No unboxed iPhone 5 exits. Or is it, if an iPhone 5 is released and nobody unboxes, does it really make a dent in the universe? Whatever. New iPhone. Gadget porn. Deal with wit it.
If you want to see absolutely everything included in the new iPhone 5 box, including the old AC adapter, new Lightning cable, old SIM-card tool for the new nan-SIM tray, a short how-to guide and some interesting EarBuds -- and of course every detail of the sleek, sexy Vader-black, aluminum and glass iPhone 5 itself, hit the video above and enjoy!
Have something to say about this story? Leave a comment! Need help with something else? Ask in our forums!
Reader comments
iPhone 5 unboxing and hardware hands-on
Apple is on there way out! Thank God for Android and Samsung!!
Sorry if your life is revolved around correcting peoples spelling errors, but I'm sure you understood what I meant.
That wasn't a spelling error.
It feels nice to talk behind a wall does't it, it makes you feel alive for once?
I ask the same to you.
All I did was give my opinion on the phone, and you had to be a wise ass with your comment!
Opinion? It sounds more like a subjective ignorant fanboy rant that was worded as fact. Do you like wasting your time telling people your worthless opinion just to get a rise? Every iPhone release you see this and every iPhone release Apple blows the doors off of previous records it owns from the past years iPhones. You sit here and talk out your ass while apple laughs all the way to the bank.
You get upset when someone corrects your grammar, but sit here and flame an all Apple users blog?
cheechoz818 it's funny you say that... Apple comes out with one phone a year and it destroys the competition even though not much has changed aside from LTE and a bigger screen. Main fact, regardless of what apple does, people will buy it. Why you ask? The iPhone is solid in every aspect. I think you're mistaken as sales for this device will blow away any samsung device or anything powered by android.
Not being a fanboy of either Apple or Samsung, but why is it that I have an iPhone and an S3 and all my iPhone is doing is collecting dust!
Yes i bought an iPhone 4S, but after getting an S3 i realized how awesome an experience with a phone can really be!
So why aren't you writing on and S3 blog site fandroid.
I'm not an Apple fan boy either. The only Apple product I own is a 4s. For you to say that Apple can't keep up with the game anymore is what I'm getting at. As sad as it may be, they don't have to do much to their devices and people still flock to them. I feel that no matter what Apple comes out with, consumer response will be the same, and sales will be through the roof. You have to admit that Apple's market presence is amazing regardless of how few items they release each year.
I used to feel much the same way as you (albeit never for a TouchWiz device) and left the iPhone for Android years ago and haven't looked back until now. It started with the Nexus One (still the best phone I've ever owned) and until I got the retina iPad I had no desire for iOS. Since then I've gotten a 4s and have even stopped using my Galaxy Nexus and Nexus 7 (as you said collecting dust?). It's as simple as this to me. The attention to detail that apple has is unmatched by any other company. Period. It screams in everything you do with an apple product. From the hardware, polish of the software, apps, and even the un packaging. It is quality and apple simply cares about their customers (even the iPhone 3GS got iOS 6 on day one. That simply doesn't happen on android even on the Nexus class device). The only reason I'm taking the time to comment to your blatant flaming is that it goes both ways. I'm happy the GS3 is great for you (I took it back after 3 days). Why are you so threatened over the iPhone 5 especially to have to come here and preach nonsense. Even the iPhone 4 hasn't been matched in hardware and attention to detail and tat was years ago. Plastic phones just doesn't cut it. Why do you think Samsung copies everything apple does? One doesn't do that if they are the best in class. The entire industry waits on apple to make a move and then plans their next moves especially Samsung.
No glazed.
Awesome. Unfortunately, I'll have to wait for my contract to expire in June 2013. So, possibly iPhone 5s (or 6) for me and my 4s will go to my daughter.
iOS6 is great. Siri is even better.
I hear complaints about maps, but seriously. It's still been great. And hands free telling Siri to give me directions home (or directions to a contact) is huge. Can keep my eyes on the road instead of fiddling with Navigon or Garmin.
Watching this on my iPhone 5 :)
It's all dusty, Rene! Still can't wait to get mine though.
unboxing videos, Samsung, Apple, HTC, whatever, is the gheyest thing in the world. "Totally ruined the un-boxing experience for me" Really? Ruined? Unboxing, at best, is a thrill to whomever is actually un-boxing their new item. Anybody getting a thrill watching it really needs to go outside.
Amazing geek porn.


text:
Don't ruin those seats! Car seats can do some major damage to the interior of your car. Prevent wear and tear with Kel-Gar's Polar Fleece Seat Protector. It's thick and absorbent to soak up spills and the large storage pockets make organizing all of baby's travel necessities a breeze.
- Keeps car interior virtually mess free
- Absorbent polar fleece soaks up spills
- Nylon backing protects car
- Perfect for all vehicles
- Features large storage pockets perfect
for toys, drinks, bottles and more
- Seat belt access
- Latch ready
Item not available for gift wrap.


text:
Call Us Toll-Free @ 866-539-4278866-539-4278
Cart (0)
Wooden puzzle brain teasers are a specialty item that are very popular for gifts and those looking to a non-traditional mind challenge. Creative Crafthouse is our favorite brand for these great puzzles which are one-of-a-kind, hand crafted and are hard to find anywhere else.
Use the filters to the left or simply scroll down to begin viewing all pages.
Free shipping and flat rate offers for US only but excludes HI and AK.
Need to return or exchange a puzzle? It's easy. Simply call us at 866-539-4278 or email email@example.com to request a Return Authorization Number, and we will send you a prepaid return label for the item.
Please note:
Copyright © 2015, Puzzle Warehouse, All rights reserved. St. Louis Jigsaw Puzzles
Puzzle Warehouse recycles everything it can to save the environment and to keep costs and prices low.


text:
Quick Links
Shop All Jewelry
RG10186 In Stock
Liven up your jewelry collection with this shimmering diamond cut sterling silver snake ring! Snake jewelry is hot right now, and you can be the hottest of all your friends with this life like snake ring! Artfully crafted with realistic scales all ocer, he really looks as though he's taking a rest, ready to pounce on the next thing that passes!
Eve's Addiction.com wants you to be a happy customer. We want you to be completely satisfied with the sterling silver jewelry that you receive from us, as we only sell high quality silver and cubic zirconia cz jewelry. We do understand that you may not like your purchase for some reason.
You may return or exchange your jewelry within 60 days of purchase if you are not satisfied with it. The jewelry must be returned in its original condition for a refund or exchange. Engraved, personalized, photo, monogram, name and initial, chocolate and clearance items are not returnable or exchangeable.


text:
Main Content
This item ships within one business day.
$4.99 flat rate shipping. See other shipping options.
An individual of such discerning tastes requires a backpack that not only functions well, but adds an element of style to any ensemble. Electric's Caliber Corpo backpack fits the bill. It has enough pockets to carry only your most essential of essentials along with enough printed and embroidered Electric graphics to accentuate your look. Even going to the coffee shop with your laptop is an opportunity to show your stuff — don't waste it.
- 100% Polyester fabric
- Approximately 18"H x 12"W x 6"D
- Electric embroidery
- Electric engineered print
- Imported
- Interior organizer compartment
- Large main compartment
- Padded adjustable backpack straps
- Padded back mesh panels
- Padded laptop compartment
- Top carry handle
- Two side pockets
- Zippered front pocket
Electric Customers also liked:
Special event items are produced by manufacturers only after the outcome of a game or event. These are advanced sale items and will ship immediately after they are received in our warehouse.
Manufacturer direct items are shipped directly from the manufacturer. These items are not available for international or expedited shipping.
Customized items can be personalized with options such as your name, your favorite number, and/or designs. Some options may be limited by league rules.


text:
Uniworld's Awards Of Distinction
"Top 40 River Cruise Ships" (2014) – Five Uniworld cruise ships placed in the top 40: River Princess, River Empress, River Queen, S.S. Antoinette, River Beatrice
"Top 40 River Cruise Ships" (2013) – Eleven Uniworld cruise ships placed in the top 40, with 3 in the top 10
"Top 25 Cruise Ship Spas" (2013) – Two Uniworld ships were on the list—with S.S. Antoinette in the top 5
"Top 40 River Cruise Ships" (2012) – Ten Uniworld cruise ships placed in the top 40; River Queen and River Beatrice earned the top two spots in the river cruise category
"World's Best River Cruise Lines" (2014; 2013; 2012; 2011; 2010; 2009; 2008; 2005)
"World's Best Family Hotels and Cruises" (2014; 2013; 2012; 2011)
"Top River Ships" (2014) – River Countess placed in the top spot, with six other Uniworld river ships in the top 20: River Queen, River Ambassador, S.S. Antoinette, River Baroness, River Royale, and River Beatrice.
Readers' Choice Award for best "Culinary Cruise Line"
Consumers voted Uniworld "Top Cabins" and "Top Dining" in the cruise industry. Uniworld is the only river cruise company recognized in the survey with the best of the best in the cruise industry.
- Best Overall Cruise Line for River Cruising
- River Cruise Line Providing Best Travel Agent Support
- Best New Ship (River Cruise)
- Best Staterooms (River Cruise)
- Best Onboard Dining (River Cruise)
- Best Shore Excursions (River Cruise)
- Best Theme Cruise (River Cruise)
- Voted one of the "Top 25 Cruise Lines" and among the best "River Cruise Lines" (2013)
- Voted one of the "Best River Cruise Lines" (2012)
"World's Best Service, River Cruise Category" (2013; 2012)
"River Cruise Ship: S.S. Catherine"; "Luxury Ship: S.S. Catherine"; "Suite Design: S. S. Catherine" (2014 Gold)
"Marketing Advertising/Marketing Campaign" (2014 Gold) – "Ooh La La!"
"Cruise Ship - Pool Design": S.S. Catherine" (2014 Silver)
"Cruise Ship - Print Advertising": Uniworld's Brochures" (2014 Silver)
"All-Inclusive Cruises, Cruise Ships - Promotional Video": Uniworld (2014 Silver)
"Best Marketing Advertising/Marketing Campaign" (2013 Gold) – "Think of Uniworld First"
"Best Website: uniworld.com" and "Best Overall – River Cruising" (2013 Silver)
"Best Overall - River Cruise Ship: S.S. Antoinette"; "Best Contemporary Ship - Cabin Design (non-suite): S.S. Antoinette"; "Best Web Marketing/Advertising"; and "Best Advertising/Marketing Campaign: The world's only boutique cruise line" (2012 Gold)
"Best Contemporary Ship - Pool Design: S.S. Antoinette"; and "Best Website: uniworld.com" (2012 Silver)
"Best in Cruise Ships – River Cruising" – S.S. Antoinette
"Favourite River Cruise Line"
"Best Cruise Line"
"Best Cruise Ship" (River Tosca)
"Best Specialist Cruise Company"
"Best Cruise Company"
4.5 / 5 Star Rating – The Talk of the Town News rating system is based on countless hours of research and almost 1 million online user reviews. Ratings are calculated based on consumer-review websites and blogs, social networks, business rating services and other award information to determine the top companies across the country. Only those high ranking businesses with a 4-5 star rating win the Talk of the Town News Customer Satisfaction Award.
"Best in Marketing" and "Best in Service" (2013)


text:
Find out more about your bones!
Watch the live broadcast for Skeletons here on the website or on Idaho Public Television, Tuesday, October 18, 2011 at 2:00 pm /1:00 pm MT/PT.
Explore facts, links and other resources here on the Skeletons website. After the broadcast, watch the archived show, Web Extra and Video Short anytime. Get the video.
Students, send in your questions for our guest scientists!
- Email firstname.lastname@example.com or use our webform
- Call live (800) 973-9800
- Tweet @D4KonIdahoPTV
Learn more about our guest scientists.
Send in a question and you might win prizes for your classroom. Check out the details!


text:
Posts tagged Michelle Obama
The White House Releases a Free Holiday E-Book
November 30, 2012 | 3:26 pm
By Dan Eldridge
We're not entirely sure if the White House is now releasing a free holiday e-book on an annual basis. But we do know that taking a December tour of a seasonally-bedecked White House—presumably decorated by the First Lady—is something of a longstanding D.C. tradition. According to the official White House website, Michelle Obama's 2012 holiday decor theme is 'Joy to All.' And as reported by Obama Foodorama, a blog that exclusively covers the White House's food initiatives: "The thousands of guests who tour the White House in December will receive the Official White House Holiday Tour Book, which features a message from President Obama and...


text:
CleanWell's travel-size hand sanitizer spray fights germs naturally. Made with Ingenium, a patented formulation of essential plant oils, this hand sanitizer is proven to kill 99.99% of the harmful germs that can make you sick. The only hand sanitizer that is all-natural and alcohol-free. The ingredients in CleanWell's products are safe for kids, non-toxic, and come from rapidly renewable resources that grow abundantly worldwide.
The easy to use spray bottle with "no mess" flip top cap makes it perfect for your life on the go. The small size is ideal for your purse, backpack, glove box or diaper bag.
- All natural ingredients
- Certified cruelty-free
- Readily biodegradable


text:
micoach is all you need to get the results you want.
(58 Products)
Your Selection
I just got these in the mail they're a little long, which I love but I got the small and I'm 5'4. These are my favorite pants because they're not too tight and not too baggy. They're great for workouts and just comfortable for a lazy day. These are my overall favorite pants and I would defiantly love to wear them all the time . ... read more
I am 6.1ft , 34inch waist & 34 inch leg length. I bought the (L) size and this was a pretty perfect fit. The material keeps you cool. These training pants become tight towards the calf and ankles, which is great if your playing football, it allows great movement and it's a light fit. I bought these because I noticed the Real Madrid & Chelsea players wearing them in training. ... read more
Finally decided to get myself a pair of these pants and they are super comfortable. Im 5'1 and I got a size S, usually wear size 3-5 for pants. The thighs were not as loose as I expected and the calves were not as tight as i expected. The zippered pockets are very convenient! Gives me a very athletic look ! ... read more
These pants are very comfortable and the fabric is breathable! I love the fit of these pants because they give you a lot of room to move around, yet they give you a slimming effect. I bought medium because I'm a size 8/10 in jeans but it's was too tight but the length was right. I switched them with a large because there was a looser fit however it was a it too long and bunches up around my ankles when I wear shoes. Other than that, great pants! ... read more
I have eight pairs of these pants. Always comfortable, keep their shape wash after wash wear after wear, very professional looking, functional for any physical activity and fun to wear. I would like to have a matching top for each pair. ... read more
Adidas never fails to impress me. These training pants are perfect for this coming winter, warm and comfy! Note of potential buyers of this product; buy 1 size smaller as it's slightly long. I'm 5'11 and purchased an Medium and it is quite long. Nevertheless, absolutely great product! ... read more
My 12 year old loves this style and it is hard to find in the boys section of the stores. The tight fit on the bottom of the leg makes the length over a range of inseams because it does not drag on the floor. Size and fit was true to my expectations. ... read more
I'm 6'0 tall and 155lbs. I brought these pants to in Large to fit me a little big and loose because I wanted to walk around them comfortably and they were perfect. They were just a little long, but not enough to bother me. Overall I'm very comfortable with these pants. If you want something shorter and a little tighter I would recommend getting a medium. ... read more
I chose these pants as they were similar to something i had purchased from Adidas previously but unfortunately the product description on the website does not match the item which was disappointing. The website description claims that the pants have zipped side seam pockets which i took to be two zipped pockets either side but i was wrong, the pants have one small zipped pocket at the rear that is not big enough for a phone or a wallet, maybe your door key or some loose change. The pants themselves are well made and comfortable and if you are not worried about zipped pockets i would definitely recommend them. ... read more
I am 5'8" and weigh about 135 and have long legs....I LOVE these pants because they are long enough for me. I bought Mediums. The fit is flattering. The fabric is breathable yet thick enough to keep warm. ... read more
Its true. I love pants. Especially, stylish and properly fitting training pants. A few years ago, I ordered a pair of Condivo 12's from Adidas.com. They arrived, and a love affair began. If I wasn't wearing them, I was thinking about wearing them. On the couch, at the market, on the practice pitch, during games. Sometimes, and to the horror of my significant other, paired with a polo shirt for formal events. The 12's are "slim" fitting and tapered, appropriate for training, but not so slim that can can be confused for "leggings" or "tights." They are perfect. Let me add that I am short with a medium/athletic build, and devilishly handsome. So, I wear a size small. Noticing wear on my 12's, I found these Condivo 14's on Adidas.com and thought new = better! Ordered, delivered, washed, and with giddy anticipation I tried them on. Well, apparently the wizards in the design studio re-sized the "smalls" to accommodate a malnourished and waiffy 5'10" bean-pole. Still "slim" fitting, and appropriately so. However, the thigh/femur cut on these pants are so long that the above-calf vents sag to mid calf, with enough material bagging around the thighs to smuggle a pair of muskrats through customs. MC Hammer would be proud sport a pair of these in a comeback video. The material is nice Climacool and the pants are well constructed, but the fit is bizarre, and very much different from the 12's. I still love pants. I still love my Condivo 12's. Unfortunately, newer doesn't always equal better, and I may be returning these to exchange for the last 12's that Adidas may still have. Remember me, 12's. Wait for me. I will find you." ... read more
Fit perfectly on long legs, easy to move around in, very breathable, never want to take them off. The zipper pockets make my life so much easier; I've stopped losing all my things lmao. (Is it socially acceptable to wear the same pants every day? No? Ok then.) ... read more
These are the only soccer pants my boys will wear. They are stylish and comfortable on the field and off. I just wish the material lasted longer. They tend to get snags, the material gets scuffed up easily, and they get small holes in the knees even though I never wash them in hot water or put them in the dryer. Should be more durable for the price. ... read more
These pants are my most favorite out of all that I own! They are extremely comfy and "stylish". They run a bit long but it's not awful. You can dress them up or down. I wear them almost everyday. I recommend these. ... read more
Just got my hands on condivo14 and I was so disappointed. Before starting any drawback of condivo14 tight, quality of this product is superb as always you should expect from Adidas. "But" if you are lean type of body structure guy with average 5'8 feets asian height :) then, you should be careful while choosing size for this tight. I bought myself medium size referring to trio tight for this condivo 14. As my medium size trio tight or track is a perfect fit for me. This one medium size was too loose and too long for me. Looks like I have ordered large size but label on track/tight was medium size. Sadly unwilling I have to returned them for refund because small sizes were out of stock. Cam you Adidas why do you have change size on each product wise. ... read more


text:
Is there any evidence to suggest making it through the first 24 hours or 48 hours or anything increases the babies chances? Or is there like any research that says most deaths that happen occur with the first day or week or something like that?
I just looking for any kind of hope there is. The docs keep reminding my sis and her DH over and over about what a "sick" little boy Ethan is. But I just feel like making it past the first 48 hours has to mean something, doesnt it?
Will 2-6-00 ( PE at 35 weeks)
Elizabeth 7-3-01 ( NO PE)
Proud Aunt to Ethan born 27.5 weeks weighing 1lb 8 ounces! Our little fighter!


text: I'm looking for women who could offer support and meet up from time to time. I know there are some groups in the making but if there's anyone out there who would like to meet up soon that would be great! I am pregnant with my 3rd and have been so down and scared, I wish there was someone else close who understands.


text:
Preferred by 9 out of 10 moms!
Feels more like your baby than any other manual pump. The only manual pump with breakthrough 2-Phase Expression pumping for maximum milk flow. First researched and developed for hospital breastpumps, 2-Phase Expression is an advanced pumping pattern that mimics your baby's nursing rhythm by pumping in two distinct modes:
Let-down Mode: Simulates your baby's initial rapid suckling to initiate faster milk flow or "let-down."
Expression Mode: Simulates your baby's slower, deeper suckling for maximum milk flow in less time.
First and only manual pump with 2-Phase Expression pumping designed for faster let-down and milk flow.
- 24 mmPersonalFit Breastshield (Other sizes available separately)
- Ergonomic swivel handle for maximum comfort and flexibility
- Easier assembly and cleaning fewer parts than other manual pumps
- Compatible with most standard baby bottles
- No batteries required


text:
- Basic Life and AD&D Insurance
- Dental Insurance
- Employee Assistance Program - Impact
- Leaves of Absence
- Medical Insurance
- Prescription - Caremark
- Tuition Waiver
- Vision Insurance
- Wellness - OneWellU
Employer Sponsored Benefits:
- Flexible Spending
- Voluntary Accidental Death and Dismemberment Insurance
- Voluntary Indemnity Plans
- Voluntary Long-Term Care Insurance
- Voluntary Long Term Disability
Optional Benefits:
- Domestic Partners
- Employment Separation
- Life Events
- New Hire Orientation
- Workers' Compensation
Additional Information:
State and Alternative Retirement Options
Kent State offers a variety of retirement plans. Employees at Kent State are required to participate in one of the state retirement systems - Ohio Public Employees Retirement System (OPERS) or the State Teachers Retirement System of Ohio (STRS). University employees do not contribute to the federal social security system and all retirement benefits related to their employment come from the state retirement system(s).
Employees who at some time work in employment covered by the federal social security system may have an adjustment in their social security benefits as a result of their coverage under one of the state retirement systems. The Windfall Elimination Provision notice from the Social Security Administration Form SSA-1945 contains more information on this adjustment.
Full-time classified and unclassified employees may elect to participate in either OPERS or an Alternative Retirement Plan (ARP).
Full-time faculty members may elect to participate in either STRS or an ARP.
- Part-time classified and unclassified employees must participate in OPERS
Part-time faculty must participate in STRS.
- NOTE: There is no ARP option available for part-time employees.
In addition, all university employees are eligible to participate in the supplemental retirement options: 403(b) and 457 retirement savings programs.
Ohio Public Employee's Retirement System (OPERS)
Employees who participate in OPERS have the option to select the Traditional Plan, the Member-Directed Plan or the Combined Plan. Details regarding the features of these plans are available in the information packet provided to new employees by OPERS and on the OPERS Web Site.
OPERS requires contributions from employees of 10% and Kent State University may contribute up to 14.0%.
Retirement eligibility under the OPERS Traditional or Combined Plan is any age with 30 years of service or more, age 55 with at least 25 years of service, or age 60 with at least 5 years of service. Disability retirement benefits may be available after at least 5 years of service credit under the Traditional or Combined plans. There are no disability benefits available under the Member Directed plan.
OPERS provides special retirement coverage for certain law enforcement officers (OPERS-LE). The OPERS-LE provision requires a 11.6% employee contribution and an employer contribution of 18.1%.
For more information, visit the OPERS Web Site.
State Teacher's Retirement System (STRS)
Employees who participate in STRS have the option to select the Defined Benefits Plan, the Defined Contribution Plan or the Combined Plan. Details regarding the features of these plans are available in the information packet provided to new faculty members by STRS and on the STRS Web Site.
STRS requires an employee contribution of 11% and an employer contribution of 14%. Retirement eligibility under the STRS Defined Benefit or Combined plans is any age with 30 years of service or more, age 55 with at least 25 years of service, or age 60 with at least 5 years of service. Disability retirement benefits may be available after at least 5 years of service credit under the Defined Benefit or Combined plans. There are no disability benefits available under the Defined Contribution plan.
For more information, visit the STRS Web Site.
Each year, the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) establishes two specific limits for elective retirement contributions, the compensation limit and the contribution limit. For the current IRS compensation and contribution limits, please view the 2014 IRS Compensation and Contribution Limits information sheet.
Alternative Retirement Plan (ARP)
The ARP is intended to give the employees more portability and control of retirement investments. However, all retirement benefits will be dependent on the available account balance that has accumulated from investments within the individual ARP account.
Full-time classified employees, unclassified employees and full-time faculty members are eligible to enroll in an Alternative Retirement Plan (ARP) instead of the state retirement system that applies to their employment. This election must be made within the first 120 days of employment in a full-time position and the election is irrevocable.
Under the ARP, the employee would establish an account with one of the approved vendors. Contributions which would normally be made to the state retirement system are deposited into the employee's ARP account instead (less any allocation for unfunded liabilities in the state system, if applicable).
All ARP eligible employees will receive an information packet designed to assist them in making an informed choice.


text:
Daniel Cormier responds to Frank Mir
Level of competition Mir? You do realize I beat the guy fighting for the UFC title next right. Research buddy, Cormier exclaimed, adding he couldnt wait to get a hold of Mir at UFC on FOX 7.
Hey Barnett, message from your friendly neighborhood Olympian, wrote Cormier in a follow-up message. I think Mir says that we arent very good. Just a heads up.


text:
The U.S. Supreme Court is on the brink of issuing what could be its most important ruling ever on the controversial Second Amendment right to bear arms.
The U.S. Supreme Court is on the brink of issuing what could be its most important ruling ever on the controversial Second Amendment right to bear arms.
Initially I had thought Heller was going to come out today (Monday). Probably Wednesday or Thursday. Keep your fingers crossed for three things. 1) Individual right. 2) Fundamental right, and 3) strict scrutiny.
Scalia is certainly taking his time writing up the majority position. Rumor has it, Scalia is actually a 'gun guy' so its being left up to him, and he's taking a bit longer to get it right. The court probably has to agree on/create a set of guidelines, or general rules.
Wish I could swing a DC trip just to listen to the decision being read on the court steps.
I'm about 45 mins from Da Capitol(D.C.) and I'd like to be there as well.
From what I understand they have a "special session" scheduled for Wednesday and no other cases left except Heller.
(I've taken this from another forum posted by hoffmang)
I think everyone is aware but I wanted to again place all the "how to follow it" details in one place. Heller may be released tomorrow. I give it a 40% chance and think instead they will add another day for Thursday (6/26 - 60%) and release it then. However, if it is released tomorrow it will be between 7AM Pacific and 8AM Pacific most likely.
Scotusblog will be liveblogging the orders and opinions tomorrow. They are expecting a ton of traffic tomorrow (and Thursday if that happens) and even made changes to their site to support it. The liveblog app autoupdates and I highly recommend it.
I am awaiting the decision myself. I believe, and hope, that it will be favorable to individual rights. Though with the pull the anti-gun movement has in washington right now, I am wondering if it will be favorable. But most of all I would like for the anti-gun movement to learn to read. If they could do that the problem would solve itself.
Two Combat Tours
Criminal Justice Major.
15 years of shooting under the belt
Collection of both modern and antique handguns and rifles
(Wishful thinking) I wouldnt worry TOO much, the general feeling since this fell into the lap of the SCOTUS is that, since most judges are conservative, that individual gun rights will be UPHELD by the courts.
I sure hope so.
I hope this is not the beginning of the end?
SOON-We already lost the war. You are the resistance.
Tom Goldstein - Heller affirmed.
Ben Winograd -
The Court has released the opinion in District of Columbia v. Heller (07-290), on whether the District's firearms regulations – which bar the possession of handguns and require shotguns and rifles to be kept disassembled or under trigger lock – violate the Second Amendment. The ruling below, which struck down the provisions in question, is affirmed.
Justice Scalia wrote the opinion. Justice Breyer dissented, joined by Justices Stevens, Souter and Ginsburg. We will provide a link to the decision as soon as it is available.
Tom Goldstein - Second Amendment protects an individual right to possess a firearm.


text:
Find accommodations in Leavenworth with the hotel list provided below. Explore our guide for inexpensive and discount hotel/motel rates in or near Leavenworth, KS for your upcoming personal or group travel. We provide the best Leavenworth Kansas hotel/motel rooms. Review the Leavenworth hotel list below to find the perfect lodging. We also have a map of the Leavenworth hotels. Planning a group? Lock in Leavenworth Group Hotel DealsThe Leavenworth center point is approximately the area of Convention and Visitors Bureau and 1 mile from Richard Allen Cultural Center.
Leavenworth Hotels, Motels & Accommodations
Next 20 Leavenworth Hotels > [1 - 20 of 50]
Next: See My Leavenworth Hotels with Pricing >


text:
Alexander Gustafssons trainer and Alliance MMA head coach Eric Del Fierro recently apeared on Sherdog Radio Networks Beatdown show for a wide-ranging interview.
I think its the whole evolution of his game that helped him not allow Jones to set his takedowns up," said Del Fierro. "His boxing is bar none probably the best in the sport right now. You hit these little short angles that people arent noticing, its a lot harder to take these guys down. Wrestling in MMA, sometimes its predictable. We can see certain things that we can counter and build Alexs defense on, but hes such a phenomenal athlete and just a hard worker that even if he doesnt have the perfect technique, hell work his way out of it. And more than anything, its just the confidence in knowing, OK, I know how to stuff the takedown. I just need to go in there and do it.
The confidence came to us from stopping the takedowns. The main thing we had to get in Alexs head is once you stop the takedowns, you can do whatever you want and lets pressure forward. Thats what we were looking to get in Alexs mind. Trust me, Alex has evolved as a mixed martial artist and his wrestling has came up leaps and bounds. We established our range. We established our rhythm. We know where we have our advantages. Now once we stop the takedowns, lets go forward and grind this guy. I knew we had a definite advantage in the boxing. The cut, its not an end-all to the fight. We just knew weve got to keep the pressure on and go forward now.
One thing we had to take away right away was [Jones] ability to maintain the range with push kicks and just let him know that, hey, no matter what, youre in a fight. Whether youre winning or losing, youre going to be in a fight. Thats what we were trying to do. I think fighting is the ability to take the other person off their game a little bit, even if its for a couple of seconds out of each round. We were just trying to establish a rhythm, establish a pace and keep Jones from being offensive. We were trying to be first on everything.


text:
Update (Aug.8/06) - Official Google Blog Post: Saved locations on Google Maps (Thai Tran gives a great use for the "auto-complete" feature in this post)
A new feature has turned up today on Google Maps for registered Google users. When logged into to your Google account you'll notice a new link up along the top of the main Google Maps page labeled: "Saved Locations". This feature will collect and record your searches, then list them for you to return to later. Saved searches are listed in order by clicking the Saved Locations link. You can label or delete each previous search or add a new location. You can also turn the feature off by un-checking "Enable auto-saving of locations". This feature is quite handy if you're searching many locations and don't wish to keep retyping the request or continually select from your Bookmarks or Favorites folder.. A nice addition.


text:
Click Here to Watch the Whole Video in HD at Male Digital
Male Digital is your #1 online reference when it comes to exclusive DVD content! It is the ultimate DVD archive bringing you ultra high quality content and 1000's of steamy hunks.
This all-bareback film is loaded with massive uncut dicks, hard fucking, big-squirting orgasms, sticky facials, and cum swallowing.
Pixels: 320X240 | Bitrate: 350K
Pixels: 640X480 | Bitrate: 700K


text:
Invicta FC will close out its 2013 campaign with a championship tripleheader on Dec. 7, officials today announced.
Invicta FC 3 takes place Dec. 7 at Ameristar Casino Hotel Kansas City in Missouri, and it's expected to stream as an online pay-per-view.
The fight card features nine bouts and three title fights, including a headliner between flyweight champion Barb Honchak (8-2) and Leslie Smith (6-3-1).The full card includes:
Champ Barb Honchak vs. Leslie Smith - for flyweight title
Champ Carla Esparza vs. Claudia Gadelha - for strawweight title
Lauren Murphy vs. Miriam Nakamoto - for inaugural bantamweight title
Felice Herrig vs. Tecia Torres
Joanne Calderwood vs. Katja Kankaanpaa
Julia Budd vs. Charmaine Tweet
Zoila Frausto Gurgel vs. Vanessa Porto
Tonya Evinger vs. Kelly Kobold
Nina Ansaroff vs. Munah Holland


text:
Playahata.com – Where The Truth On Pop & Politics Lives. Are You A Playahata?
Posted in Race, Class, & Sex by: FYI with with these Tags: attitude, detroit, robbers, squatters. 1 Comment
Use the form below to search the site:
Can't find what you want? Just let us know so we can help you!
Our Links...
All Archived Entries....
Powered by Wordpress and designed by Rev. Voodoo. Back to top ↑


text:
Quick Links
Shop All Jewelry
BR10227 In Stock
This Chinese fortune sterling silver charm bracelet is the perfect choice! This silver charm bracelet has multiple chinese word charms. The meanings of the chinese symbols are Happiness, Love, Fortune, Longevity and Wealth. This would be the perfect gift for any occassion! The .925 silver shows its purity in its smooth and reflective surface, giving that glint that only real silver can provide. This Chinese fortune bracelet measures 7.25 inches in length and features a toggle clasp.
Eve's Addiction.com wants you to be a happy customer. We want you to be completely satisfied with the sterling silver jewelry that you receive from us, as we only sell high quality silver and cubic zirconia cz jewelry. We do understand that you may not like your purchase for some reason.
You may return or exchange your jewelry within 60 days of purchase if you are not satisfied with it. The jewelry must be returned in its original condition for a refund or exchange. Engraved, personalized, photo, monogram, name and initial, chocolate and clearance items are not returnable or exchangeable.


text:
Ottawa Hills grad produces 'Made in Hollywood'Written by Matt Liasse | | firstname.lastname@example.com
Ottawa Hills High School graduate Cleveland O'Neal III is busy with several projects. Three weekly television shows will premiere their new seasons soon from Connection III Entertainment Corp., of which he is founder and CEO.
One of his shows, "Made In Hollywood," is a behind-the-scenes look at how new released movies were made. The show, which began in 2005, was created, written and executive produced by O'Neal and has featured stars like Angelina Jolie, Tom Hanks, Denzel Washington, Sandra Bullock and Johnny Depp.
O'Neal said the inspiration for the show was the entertainment media's focus on controversy. Last week, outlets were discussing Miley Cyrus more than anything else, O'Neal said.
"Whatever it is, it generally has nothing to do with this week's movie releases," he said. "Gossip and tabloid have sort of overcome [the entertainment industry]."
O'Neal responded by making a series showing how movies are made. "Made In Hollywood" will begin its ninth season this week. It is available in more than 25 countries around the world.
"That's been very exciting for us because of course American movies are global, and you really recognize that as you go around the world and watch international channels," O'Neal said. "It's just thrilling to us to see the brand grow globally and it's thrilling to us to get out in the world and recognize how much the world appreciates American cinema."
"Made In Hollywood" airs at 2 p.m. Saturdays on Toledo's WT05 -TV (The CW) (12:30 p.m. Sundays on WKBD (The CW) Detroit).
A spin-off show, "Made In Hollywood: Teen Edition," will begin its eighth nationally syndicated TV season on WUPW-TV (FOX) airing at 9:30 a.m. Saturdays (1 p.m. Saturdays on WKBD (the CW) Detroit), O'Neal said.
Another show, "Live Life and Win!", will launch its third season on WT05 (the CW) airing at 1:30 p.m. Saturdays on WT05 (the CW) in Toledo (10:30 a.m. Saturdays on WJBK (FOX) in Detroit), according to a news release.
Together, the three shows are available in 107 million homes with a gross average audience of 5.5 million viewers, according to a news release.
"Live Life and Win!" is an informational weekly TV series with a goal to inspire young viewers with teen success stories. It includes segments focusing on the arts, school, sports, exercise, nutrition, health and wellness. O'Neal said he wanted to create after-school specials.
"Ironically, there are no after-school specials anymore. Once the Oprahs of the world and the Ellens of the world came, there was no more room for after-school specials,"he said.
O'Neal began Connection III Entertainment 15 years ago, writing a business plan while attending Boston University.
"As they say, 'put it in writing, it happens,'" O'Neal said. Albeit, not overnight. He said he had plenty of day jobs along the way.
"We've come a long way but it wasn't easy in the beginning."
O'Neal's company is an award-winning, Emmy-nominated multifaceted media company with licensees and sponsors including broadcast and cable networks (HBO, Lifetime, CBS, Starz, ABC Family), major studios (Lionsgate, NBC Universal) and local U.S. broadcast affiliates (ABC, CBS, FOX, NBC, CW).
His local roots are still strong. O'Neal was the first African-American to graduate from Ottawa Hills High School. He was inducted into the Ottawa Hills Hall of Fame as part of the first group of honorees.
"It was indicative to the time period, I think," O'Neal said. "At the time, we were one of the first families to attend the elementary school and the high school. We're talking mid-'70s, so things were racially in the early stages of progression."
Tags: ABC, ABC Family, African-American, Angelina Jolie, Boston University, CBS, Cleveland O'Neal III, CW, Denzel Washington, FOX, HBO, Johnny Depp, Lifetime, Lionsgate, Made in Hollywood, Miley Cyrus, NBC, NBC Universal, Oprah, Ottawa Hills High School, Sandra Bullock, Starz, Tom Hanks, WJBK (FOX), WKBD (The CW) Detroit, WT05-TV (The CW), WUPW-TV (FOX)


text:
You are here
At a glance: Prephysical Therapy
Students interested in prephysical therapy vocations work closely with Dr. Rema Suniga, 419-772-2323, the program advisor. She assists students in course selection so as to tailor their academic experience to the requirements of the various Pre-PT and Pre-OT graduate programs. Students are provided and encouraged to participate in related internship experiences.


text:
Alerts and Important Information
Reservation is for two vehicles. Site will accommodate a maximum of sixteen people and four vehicles (extra vehicle fees apply).
Site Dimensions 90x20 feet in each site.
Table, Campfire allowed and Fire Pit in each site.
NO shade. Tent Pad for 16x16 feet in each site.