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A surgical method of repair and reconstruction of the spinal disc wall (annulus) after surgical invasion or pathologic rupture, incorporating suture closure, or stent insertion and fixation, designed to reduce the failure rate of conventional surgical procedures on the spinal discs.
The design of the spinal disc annulus stent allows ingrowth of normal cells of healing in an enhanced fashion strengthening the normal reparative process.
1. A method for primarily treating an annulus fibrosus of an intervertebral disc having an aperture in the annulus fibrosus, wherein the aperture provides a pathway for the migration of intradiscal material from the subannular space, the method comprising the steps of:
providing a device having a dimension during deployment permitting said device to pass through the aperture;
inserting the device through the aperture into the subannular space; and
causing or allowing the device to orient in the subannular space such that said device at least partially spans said aperture, wherein said device has a portion that is provided primarily for treating said aperture and serves as a barrier restricting the migration of intradiscal material through the aperture.
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This application is a continuation of U.S. Ser. No. 09/947,078, filed Sep. 5, 2001 now U.S. Pat. No. 6,592,625; which is a continuation of U.S. Ser. No. 09/484,706, filed Jan. 18, 2000 (now abandoned); which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/160,710, filed Oct. 20, 1999.
The invention generally relates to a surgical method of intervertebral disc wall reconstruction. The invention also relates to an annular repair device, or stent, for annular disc repair. The effects of said reconstruction are restoration of disc wall integrity and reduction of the failure rate (3–21%) of a common surgical procedure (disc fragment removal or discectomy). This surgical procedure is performed about 390,000 times annually in the United States.
The spinal column is formed from a number of vertebrae, which in their normal state are separated from each other by cartilaginous intervertebral discs. The intervertebral disc acts in the spine as a crucial stabilizer, and as a mechanism for force distribution between the vertebral bodies. Without the disc, collapse of the intervertebral space occurs in conjunction with abnormal joint mechanics and premature development of arthritic changes.
The normal intervertebral disc has an outer ligamentous ring called the annulus surrounding the nucleus pulposus. The annulus binds the adjacent vertebrae together and is constituted of collagen fibers that are attached to the vertebrae and cross each other so that half of the individual fibers will tighten as the vertebrae are rotated in either direction, thus resisting twisting or torsional motion. The nucleus pulposus is constituted of loose tissue, having about 85% water content, which moves about during bending from front to back and from side to side.
The aging process contributes to gradual changes in the intervertebral discs. The annulus loses much of its flexibility and resilience, becoming more dense and solid in composition. The aging annulus is also marked by the appearance on propagation of cracks or fissures in the annular wall. Similarly, the nucleus dessicates, increasing viscosity and thus losing its fluidity. In combination, these features of the aged intervertebral discs result in less dynamic stress distribution because of the more viscous nucleus pulposus, and less ability to withstand localized stresses by the annulus fibrosus due to its dessication, loss of flexibility and the presence of fissures. Occasionally fissures may form rents through the annular wall. In these instances, the nucleus pulposus is urged outwardly from the subannular space through a rent, often into the spinal column. Extruded nucleus pulposus can, and often does, mechanically press on the spinal cord or spinal nerve rootlet. This painful condition is clinically referred to as a ruptured or herniated disc.
In the event of annulus rupture, the subannular nucleus pulposus migrates along the path of least resistance forcing the fissure to open further, allowing migration of the nucleus pulposus through the wall of the disc, with resultant nerve compression and leakage of chemicals of inflammation into the space around the adjacent nerve roots supplying the extremities, bladder, bowel and genitalia. The usual effect of nerve compression and inflammation is intolerable back or neck pain, radiating into the extremities, with accompanying numbness, weakness, and in late stages, paralysis and muscle atrophy, andlor bladder and bowel incontinence. Additionally, injury, disease or other degenerative disorders may cause one or more of the intervertebral discs to shrink, collapse, deteriorate or become displaced, herniated, or otherwise damaged and compromised.
The surgical standard of care for treatment of herniated, displaced or ruptured intervertebral discs is fragment removal and nerve decompression without a requirement to reconstruct the annular wall. While results are currently acceptable, they are not optimal. Various authors report 3.1–21% recurrent disc herniation, representing a failure of the primary procedure and requiring re-operation for the same condition. An estimated 10% recurrence rate results in 39,000 re-operations in the United States each year.
An additional method of relieving the symptoms is thermal annuloplasty, involving the heating of sub-annular zones in the non-herniated painful disc, seeking pain relief, but making no claim of reconstruction of the ruptured, discontinuous annulus wall.
There is currently no known method of annulus reconstruction, either primarily or augmented with an annulus stent.
The present invention provides methods and related materials for reconstruction of the disc wall in cases of displaced, herniated, ruptured, or otherwise damaged intervertebral discs. In accordance with the invention, an annulus stent is disclosed for repair of an intervertebral disc annulus, comprising a centralized hub section, said hub section comprising lateral extensions from the hub section.
In an exemplary embodiment, one or more mild biodegradable surgical sutures are placed at about equal distances along the sides of a pathologic aperture in the ruptured disc wall (annulus) or along the sides of a surgical incision in the annular wall, which may be weakened or thinned.
Sutures are then tied in such fashion as to draw together the sides of the aperture, effecting reapproximation or closure of the opening, to enhance natural healing and subsequent reconstruction by natural tissue (fibroblasts) crossing the now surgically narrowed gap in the disc annulus.
A 25–30% reduction in the rate of recurrence of disc nucleus herniation through this aperture, has been achieved using this method.
In another embodiment as depicted in
A 30–50% reduction in the rate of recurrence of disc herniation has been achieved using the aforementioned fascial augmentation with this embodiment.
Having demonstrated that human muscle fascia is adaptable for annular reconstruction, other blocompatible membranes can be employed as a bridge, stent, patch or barrier to subsequent migration of the disc nucleus through the aperture. Such biocompatible materials may be, for example, medical grade biocompatible fabrics, biodegradable polymeric sheets, or form fitting or non-form fitting fillers for the cavity created by removal of a portion of the disc nucleus pulposus in the course of the disc fragment removal or discectomy. The prosthetic material can be placed in and around the intervertebral space, created by removal of the degenerated disc fragments.
Additional objects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. The objects and advantages of the invention will be realized and attained by means of the elements and combinations particularly pointed out in the appended claims.
It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only and are not restrictive of the invention, as claimed.
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate illustrative embodiments of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention.
Reference will now be made in detail to an illustrative embodiment of the invention, which appears in the accompanying drawings. Wherever possible, the same reference numbers will be used throughout the drawings to refer to the same or like parts.
In one embodiment of the present invention, as shown in
Additionally, to repair a weakened or thinned wall of a disc annulus 42, a surgical incision is made along the weakened or thinned region of the annulus 42 and one or more surgical sutures 40 can be placed at about equal distances laterally from the incision. Reapproximation or closure of the incision is accomplished by tying the sutures 40 so that the sides of the incision are drawn together. The reapproximation or closure of the incision enhances the natural healing and subsequent reconstruction by the natural tissue crossing the now surgically narrowed gap in the annulus 42. Preferably, the surgical sutures 40 are biodegradable, but permanent non-biodegradable materials may be utilized.
In an alternative embodiment as depicted in
In a further embodiment, as shown in
In an illustrative embodiment, as shown in
Additionally, the upper section 14 of the centralized vertical extension 12 may be any number of different shapes, as shown in
The upper section 14 of the centralized vertical extension 12 can comprise a slot 18, where the slot 18 forms an orifice through the upper section 14. The slot 18 is positioned within the upper section 14 such that it traverses the upper section's 14 longitudinal axis. The slot 18 is of such a size and shape that sutures, tension bands, staples or any other type of fixation device known in the art may be passed through, to affix the annulus stent 10 to the disc annulus 42.
In an alternative embodiment, the upper section 14 of the centralized vertical extension 12 may be perforated. The perforated upper section 14 contains a plurality of holes that traverse the longitudinal axis of upper section 14. The perforations are of such a size and shape that sutures, tension bands, staples or any other type of fixation device known the art may be passed through, to affix the annulus stent 10 to the disc annulus 42.
The lower section 16 of the centralized vertical extension 12 can comprise a pair of lateral extentions, a left lateral extension 20 and a right lateral extension 22. The lateral extension 20 and 22 comprise an inside edge 24, an outside edge 26, an upper surface 28, and a lower surface 30. The lateral extenions 20 and 22 can have an essentially constant thickness throughout. The inside edge 24 is attached to and is about the same length as the lower section 16. The outside edge 26 can be about 8 mm–16 mm in length. The inside edge 24 and the lower section 16 meet to form a horizontal plane, essentially perpendicular to the centralized vertical extension 12. The upper surface 28 of the lateral extensions 20 and 22 can form an angle from about 0�–60� below the horizontal plane. The width of the annulus stent 10 may be from about 3 mm–5 mm.
Additionally, the upper surface 28 of the lateral extensions 20 and 22 may be barbed for fixation to the inside surface of the disc annulus 42 and to resist expulsion through the aperture 44.
In an alternative embodiment, as shown in
In an illustrative embodiment, the annulus stent 10 is a solid unit, formed from one or more of the flexible resilient biocompatible or bioresorbable materials well known in the art.
For example, the annulus stent 10 may be made from:
Furthermore, the annulus stent 10, may contain hygroscopic material for a controlled limited expansion of the annulus stent 10 to fill the evacuated disc space cavity.
Additionally, the annulus stent 10 may comprise materials to facilitate regeneration of disc tissue, such as bioactive silica-based materials that assist in regeneration of disc tissue as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,849,331 (Ducheyne, et al.), or other tissue growth factors well known in the art.
In further embodiments, as shown in FIGS. 5AB–6AB, the left and right lateral extensions 20 and 22 join to form a solid pyramid or cone. Additionally, the left and right lateral extensions 20 and 22 may form a solid trapezoid, wedge, or bullet shape. The solid formation may be a solid biocompatible or bioresorbable flexible material, allowing the lateral extensions 20 and 22 to be compressed for insertion into aperture 44, then to expand conforming to the shape of the annulus' 42 inner wall.
Alternatively, a compressible core may be attached to the lower surface 30 of the lateral extensions 20 and 22, forming a pyramid, cone, trapezoid, wedge, or bullet shape. The compressible core may be made from one of the biocompatible or bioresorbable resilient foams well known in the art. The core can also comprise a fluid-expandable membrane, e.g., a balloon. The compressible core allows the lateral extensions 20 and 22 to be compressed for insertion into aperture 44, then to expand conforming to the shape of the annulus' 42 inner wall and to the cavity created by pathologic extrusion or surgical removal of the disc fragment.
In an illustrative method of use, as shown in
In an alternative method, where the length of the aperture 44 is less than the length of the outside edge 26 of the annulus stent 10, the annulus stent 10 can be inserted laterally into the aperture 44. The lateral extensions 20 and 22 are compressed, and the annulus stent 10 can then be laterally inserted into the aperture 44. The annulus stent 10 can then be rotated inside the disc annulus 42, such that the upper section 14 can be held back through the aperture 44. The lateral extensions 20 and 22 are then allowed to expand, with the upper surface 28 contouring to the inside surface of the disc annulus 42. The upper section 14 can be positioned within, or proximate to, the aperture 44 in the subannular space such that the annulus stent 10 may be secured to the disc annulus, using means well known in the art.
In an alternative method of securing the annulus stent 10 in the aperture 44, as shown in
It is anticipated that fibroblasts will engage the fibers of the polymer or fabric of the intervertebral disc stent 10, forming a strong wall duplicating the currently existing condition of healing seen in the normal reparative process.
In an additional embodiment, as shown in
In an alternative embodiment, the membrane 64 is made of a semipermeable biocompatible material.
In an illustrative embodiment, a hydrogel is injected into the internal cavity 62 of the flexible bladder 60. A hydrogel is a substance formed when an organic polymer (natural or synthetic) is cross-linked via, covalent, ionic, or hydrogen bonds to create a three-dimensional open-lattice structure, which entraps water molecules to form a gel. The hydrogel may be used in either the hydrated or dehydrated form.
In a method of use, where the annulus stent 10 has been inserted into the aperture 44, as has been previously described and shown in
The surgical repair of an intervertebral disc may require the removal of the entire disc nucleus, being replaced with an implant, or the removal of a portion of the disc nucleus thereby leaving a void in the intervertebral disc cavity. The flexible bladder 60 allows for the removal of only the damaged section of the disc nucleus, with the expanded flexible bladder 60 filling the resultant void in the intervertebral disc cavity. A major advantage of the annulus stent 10 with the flexible bladder 60 is that the incision area in the annulus 42 can be reduced in size, as there is no need for the insertion of an implant into the intervertebral disc cavity.
In an alternative method of use, a dehydrated hydrogel is injected into the internal cavity 62 of the flexible bladder 60. Fluid, from the disc nucleus, passes through the semipermeable membrane 64 hydrating the dehydrated hydrogel. As the hydrogel absorbs the fluid the flexible bladder 60 expands, filling the void in the intervertebral disc cavity.
All patents referred to or cited herein are incorporated by reference in their entirety to the extent they are not inconsistent with the explicit teachings of this specification, including; U.S. Pat. No. 5,108,438 (Stone), U.S. Pat. No. 5,258,043 (Stone), U.S. Pat. No. 4,904,260 (Ray et al.), U.S. Pat. No. 5,964,807 (Gan et al.), U.S. Pat. No. 5,849,331 (Ducheyne et al.), U.S. Pat. No. 5,122,154 (Rhodes), U.S. Pat. No. 5,204,106 (Schepers at al.), U.S. Pat. No. 5,888,220 (Felt et al.) and U.S. Pat. No. 5,376,120 (Sarver et al.).
It should be understood that the examples and embodiments described herein are for illustrative purposes only and that various modifications or changes in light thereof will be suggested to persons skilled in the art and are to be included within the spirit and preview of this application and the scope of the appended claims.
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text:
CONCORD, N.C. – Point standings, including Daytona and Roebling Road, have been posted on WorldKarting.com for the 2013 WKA VEGA / TS Racing Road Racing Series driven by Mazda.
Click here to view the updated Road Racing points page.
It has been finalized the Road Racing Series will consist of seven points races in 2013. They are the aforementioned Daytona and Roebling Road events, Kershaw (Apr 5-7); Grattan (May 17-19); Mid-Ohio (June 7-9); VIR Grand Nationals (July 26-28) and Summit Point will close the points year Sept. 6-8.
Details for a potential eighth event to run this fall after Summit Point continue to be worked on, however, if the event takes place it will be a non-points show.
Competitors may count the best five of seven events toward national points. For classes that run both days for a single championship, competitors may count their best 10 of 14 races.
Next up for the Road Racing Series is the 14th Annual Johnny Jacumin Memorial April 5-7 at Carolina Motorsports Park in Kershaw, S.C.
Pre-registration is currently open for Kershaw. Click here to view and print the entry blank.
Direct Road Racing Series questions to Keith Shampine at 704-455-1606 ext. 15.

subset: commoncrawl


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Tag: northern pike
Research Results: If You Restore It, Will Pike Come?
It's well known that some migratory fish species, like salmon, are able to trace their way back to the stream where they were born. However, conservationists have no idea if this is the case for hundreds of other fish species.
Do pike return to spawn in the streams where they were born, a la salmon?
Not necessarily, at least in the Green Bay watershed. If there's suitable habitat, pike will find it and spawn. That's the central finding of research conducted by the University of Wisconsin's Pete McIntyre and Dan Oele.
This result may sound like a let-down, but in reality it's a relief for conservationists in the Green Bay area. The Nature Conservancy and other conservation groups are focused on restoring streams for pike and other fish, but the best methods to accomplish that goal remain uncertain. If pike returned to their natal streams to spawn, they may never find a restored stream even if it contained suitable habitat.
That's not the case, which is good news for conservation efforts.
Big Fish: Roadside Pike
Northern pike have always conjured images of wilderness: big, wild lakes, the scent of pine trees, a loon calling in the background.
Large, predatory fish, pike do indeed hunt lake shallows. They're found in big places—from remote Alaskan and Canadian waters to the Great Lakes.
Come spring, they actually are on the move—traveling up rather small streams in order to spawn.
Researchers in Green Bay, Wisconsin have been tracking pike movements by doing chemical analyses of pike otoliths, also known as ear stones. Otoliths have annual growth rings, like trees, and accumulate trace chemicals from the surrounding water column as they form.
Many streams have a specific—and unique—combination of chemicals, and this chemical profile shows up in the otolith when fish move from one chemically distinct water body to another.
As such, researchers can determine where pike spent different years of their lives – and if they return to the streams where they were born, or if they use different streams.
This knowledge, in turn, helps conservationists focus on restoring streams that will actually be used by pike.
When I headed out with researchers, I imagined we'd search for pike in wild, lonely places. Instead, we immediately drove to an area across from a small, rural housing development, cars whizzing by as we checked pike traps.
Where could the pike possibly be?
It turns out: In a roadside ditch.
These little ditches— the kinds designed to keep water off the road—have been used for a very long time by pike as spawning sites.
With hundreds of lakes, streams and wetlands within miles of Green Bay, it may seem odd to focus on ditches. But those little channels may be vital in restoring pike populations.
Enjoy Osprey Cam Live!
The Ospreys Are Back!
Live views, 24/7, of an Alabama osprey nest. Record your observations and ask our ecologist about what you're seeing.
What is Cool Green Science?
noun 1. Blog where Nature Conservancy scientists, science writers and external experts discuss and debate how conservation can meet the challenges of a 9 billion + planet.
2. Blog with astonishing photos, videos and dispatches of Nature Conservancy science in the field.
3. Home of Weird Nature, The Cooler, Quick Study, Traveling Naturalist and other amazing features.
Cool Green Science is edited by Matt Miller, the Conservancy's deputy director for science communications, and managed by Lisa Feldkamp, an American Council of Learned Societies fellow with the TNC science communications team. Email us your feedback.
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Join Heather Tallis in a call to increase the diversity of voices and values in the conservation debate.
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- New plant species discovered on Facebook: http://t.co/xrSEC82kLM on @SmithsonianMag
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text:
Posted at: 07/26/2013 3:19 AM
By: Associated Press
A man accused of kidnapping three women, keeping them captive in his Cleveland home for about a decade and raping them repeatedly faces a final pretrial hearing a day after his attorneys and prosecutors said they have entered into plea negotiations.
The 53-year-old Ariel Castro is scheduled to appear in court Friday morning before a Cuyahoga County judge who wants to be updated on the talks.
Plea deal negotiations are hinging on whether the prosecutor would rule out the death penalty as the defense has demanded.
Castro, whose trial is slated to start Aug. 5, has pleaded not guilty to nearly 1,000 counts of kidnap, rape and other crimes. His indictment includes two counts of aggravated murder related to accusations he punched and starved one of the women until she miscarried.
The women escaped to freedom in May.


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UAB had plan to stop Herd
BIRMINGHAM, Ala. -- Heading into Saturday's football game against UAB, everyone knew Marshall University featured one of the nation's most prolific passing attacks.
Marshall passed for 374.33 yards per game through its first nine contests en route to 530 total yards per game.
With Marshall having trouble running the ball at times this season, what happened Saturday was bound to occur at some point.
UAB decided to drop eight players into coverage and force Marshall to beat them with the run. Marshall (4-6, 3-3 Conference USA) didn't do it, and UAB (3-7, 2-4) won the game, 38-31, in Legion Field.
Dropping eight defensive players in pass coverage is normally reserved for long-yardage situations and is most seen on third down. In this contest, it was featured by the Blazers on all of the Thundering Herd's 75 snaps.
"Every play," Marshall quarterback Rakeem Cato said. "From the first play to the last play. I've never seen it before -- ever."
Marshall's automatic adjustment was as expected.
The Herd simply hit check-down routes and continued to take what the defense appeared to be giving them -- the run.
In two road C-USA games prior to Saturday, Marshall had averaged 304.5 yards on the ground. On Saturday, the Herd never got its ground attack going, rushing for just 121 yards on 41 carries, averaging less than three yards per rush.
It was a schematic success on the part of UAB head coach Garrick McGee, who talked about his plans after the game.
"Our defensive plan was to play eight people in the coverage and play these exotic-looking coverages," McGee said. "We thought that once we did that, the adjustment that an offense makes is to run the football more.
"We really wanted them running the football more because they had killed everybody throwing the football around. So, our plan worked."
Essentially, McGee's plan to drop eight forced the Herd to try and use its rushing attack to break gaps. However, with only three down linemen in the zone-blocking scheme, Marshall's offensive linemen were having trouble picking up players to block as those who were in coverage read the run and converged on the play.
"We didn't think that's what they were going to do, so it was an adjustment. ..." Marshall offensive lineman Jordan Jeffries said. "They'd drop eight and we'd try to run the ball, then everyone would come up. Rushing three turned into blocking six or seven or eight."
Whether it was Cato or Jeffries or any of the Marshall players, none were expecting to see a team come out and drop eight into coverage.
And therein lies the problem.
McGee knew Marshall was a prolific passing team, but he also had studied their patterns to see automatic checks when facing a three-man front.
He baited Marshall into playing into his hands.
Despite being one of the nation's top passing offenses, the Herd didn't adjust to the gimmick look.
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(January 27, 2006) - Kevin Crawford has been hired by Hagerstown Community College as a recruitment coordinator.
"I am thrilled that Kevin has joined the HCC Team," said Jennifer Fisher, HCC director of admissions, records and registration. "By hiring Kevin, we are hiring one of our own. His presence will allow HCC to better serve the Washington County area and surrounding communities."
Among other responsibilities, Crawford will be act as a liason between prospective students and HCC, attend recruitment events, and visit area high schools.
"There are so many resources for people on campus," Crawford said. "I'm excited to get out and be the spokesperson for HCC."
Crawford received an associate's degree from HCC in communications and a bachelor's degree in business administration from Bridgewater College, VA. Crawford comes to HCC from Hagerstown Business College, where he was responsible for high school recruitment.


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Find hotels & motels in Park Ridge using the list below. Search for cheap and discounted hotel and motel rates in or near Park Ridge, IL for your personal leisure or group travel. We list the best Park Ridge Illinois hotel/motel rooms. Review the Park Ridge hotel list below to find the perfect lodging. We also have a map of the Park Ridge hotels.
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text:
Knights, do you believe it? Spring Break is here!
John C. Hitt Library hours are as follows:
Saturday, March 1: 9.00 a.m. to 7.00 p.m.
Sunday, March 2: CLOSED
Monday, March 3 to Thursday, March 6: 7.30 a.m. to 8.00 p.m.
Friday, March 7: 7.30 a.m. to 7.00 p.m.
Saturday, March 8: CLOSED
Sunday, March 9: Regular hours, noon to 1.00 a.m.
Please take note that the CMC will be closed for Break, and Rosen will have special hours: http://library.ucf.edu/Administration/Hours/SpringBreak.php
24/7 hours: Databases, eBooks, electronic journal articles and digital collections are always available, from wherever you are, at http://library.ucf.edu/
Be careful out there! Have fun and return safe and sound.


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Any sound engineer or producer who works with audio signal processing hardware and software has likely heard of Universal Audio. For more than 50 years they have been an industry leader in DSP audio modeling and vintage analog technology. Universal Audio was the first company to use artificial reverberation, a recording console and multi-band audio equalizers in commercial recordings.
In 1958 Universal Audio was formed in Chicago by Bill Putnam Sr., a sound engineer and studio designer who had worked with such legends as Frank Sinatra, Nat King Cole and Ray Charles. Universal Audio developed ground breaking products such as the LA-2A compressor and the 610 tub mic preamp which has been used to record artists from the Beach Boys to Van Halen. In 1999, the company was re-vamped by Putman's two sons and merged with King of Loud Technologies. Their goals are to "faithfully reproduce classic analog recording equipment"; and to "design new digital recording tools in with the sound and spirit of vintage analog technology". They continue to launch new technologies in the form of DSP cards, analog hardware and audio UAD powered plug-ins for music production. Read More >


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With four regular-season games remaining, the Wolves magic number is 1 to clinch the 15th playoff berth in the franchise's 18-year history. Chicago (40-26-3-3) also holds a four-point advantage over Milwaukee in the Midwest Division race.
Eight teams in each conference qualify for the playoffs. The three division winners are seeded first through third in order of points and the next five teams in order of points are seeded fourth through eighth.
The Wolves are in the midst of a season-high seven-game road trip that continues with a contest against the Texas Stars at 7 p.m. Tuesday. The team's next home game is slated for 7 p.m. Saturday against Milwaukee.
To purchase a playoff package – which offers fans the same seat for all 15 possible games – or playoff flex packs, call 1-800-THE-WOLVES. Individual tickets for playoff games at Allstate Arena also can be purchased by calling Ticketmaster at 1-800-745-3000, going any Ticketmaster outlet or the Allstate Arena box office, or visiting chicagowolves.com or ticketmaster.com.


text: I love Christmas and everthing that the holidays represent. I say Merry Christmas or Happy Holidays to everyone I see. My greeting depends on which ever phrase chooses to come out at that point. I like being able to wish someone well and spread holiday cheer without having to think about whether or not I am being politically correct so I tend to use both.


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Walther Competition II Top Point Sight, 24mm, Green Dot, 10 MOA, Integral Weaver/Picatinny Mount
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Walther-2252560 [PY-A-3602]
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Daily Sales Up to 70% OFF Limited-time deals start every day at 12 pm ET.
Rubbermaid was formed in 1920 as the Wooster Rubber Company, a maker of toy balloons. In 1934, the company pioneered the rubber housewares business with the introduction of the first rubber dustpan.
In 1957, the Wooster Rubber Company changed its corporate name to Rubbermaid Inc. to further capitalize on the strength of its major brand; a brand that had become nationally recognized for quality and value. Rubbermaid Commercial Products (RCP), headquartered in Winchester, Virginia, was established in 1967 to manufacture and market products for the commercial and institutional markets.
Today, Rubbermaid Commercial Products is a division of Newell Rubbermaid Inc. It continues to develop innovative products and system solutions in the categories of food service, cleaning, safety, material handling, waste and agriculture. Manufacturing and distribution are handled from five facilities: four in the US and one in Mexico. RCP is represented in Latin America, Europe, Asia, Australia and the Middle East through a network of sales offices and authorized distributors.


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- Introduction
- Land
- People
- Economy
- Government and society
- Cultural life
- History
- Croatia to the Ottoman conquests
- Ragusa and the Croat Renaissance in Dalmatia
- Croatian national revival
- Croatia in Austria-Hungary
- From World War I to the establishment of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes
- Croatia in Yugoslavia, 1918–41
- World War II
- Croatia in Yugoslavia, 1945–91
- Independent Croatia
Croatia, country located in the northwestern part of the Balkan Peninsula. It is a small yet highly geographically diverse crescent-shaped country. Its capital is Zagreb, located in the north.
The present-day republic is composed of the historically Croatian regions of Croatia-Slavonia (located in the upper arm of the country), Istria (centred on the Istrian Peninsula on the northern Adriatic coast), and Dalmatia (corresponding to the coastal strip). Although these regions were ruled for centuries by various foreign powers, they remained firmly Western-oriented in culture, acquiring a legacy of Roman law, the Latin alphabet, and western European political and economic traditions and institutions. A part of Yugoslavia for much of the 20th century, Croatia suffered considerably from the disintegration of that federation in the early 1990s. The European trajectory of Croatia was finally realized in 2013 when it joined the European Union. As the Croatian Canadian scholar Tony Fabijančić writes, Croatia's tumultuous first years as an independent country also have obscured its centuries-long history:
Croatia (Hrvatska) is an ancient nation, yet a very young nation state. Once a formidable kingdom under Tomislav in the tenth century, a naval power in the sixteenth and seventeenth, and an awakening national entity in the nineteenth, it had to endure a thousand years of foreign meddling, subjugation, incursions, and outright wars before being recognized in 1992 as a distinct entity.
The upper arm of the Croatian crescent is bordered on the east by the Vojvodina region of Serbia and on the north by Hungary and Slovenia. The body of the crescent forms a long coastal strip along the Adriatic Sea, and the southern tip touches on Montenegro. Within the hollow of the crescent, Croatia shares a long border with Bosnia and Herzegovina, which actually severs a part of southern Croatia from the rest of the country by penetrating to the Adriatic in a narrow corridor.
Croatia is composed of three major geographic regions. In the north and northeast, running the full length of the upper arm of the Croatian crescent, are the Pannonian and para-Pannonian plains. To the north of Zagreb, the Zagorje Hills, fragments of the Julian Alps now covered with vines and orchards, separate the Sava and Drava river valleys.
To the west and south of the Pannonian region, linking it with the Adriatic coast, is the central mountain belt, itself part of the Dinaric Alps. The karst plateaus of this region, consisting mostly of limestone, are barren at the highest elevations; lower down, they are heavily forested. The highest mountain in Croatia, Dinara (6,007 feet [1,831 metres]), is located in the central mountain belt.
The third geographic region, the Croatian littoral, is composed of the Istrian Peninsula in the north and the Dalmatian coast extending south to the Gulf of Kotor. Wedged between the Dinaric Alps to the east and the Adriatic Sea to the west, its 1,100 miles (1,800 km) of coastline are fringed by more than 1,100 islands and islets.
Of the 26 rivers that flow for more than 30 miles (50 km) in Croatia, the Sava and the Drava, coursing through the Pannonian and para-Pannonian plains, are of particular importance—both because of their length and because, along with the Kupa River, they are in large part navigable. The Sava originates in Slovenia, passes Croatia's capital city of Zagreb, and then forms most of the border between Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina along the inside of the Croatian crescent. The Drava enters Croatia from Slovenia and forms all but a small section of the border with Hungary before joining the Danube, which in turn forms most of the border between Croatia and the Vojvodina province of Serbia. The Kupa, which forms part of the frontier between Slovenia and Croatia, and the Una River, which meanders along part of the border between Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina, both flow into the Sava. In Dalmatia the Krka and Cetina rivers are of particular importance because of their hydroelectric potential and because they flow into the Adriatic Sea.
In addition, a great deal of water circulates in underground rivers and pools in the karstic regions of the central mountain belt and the littoral. These waters account for many of the unique geologic formations and the picturesque landscape of central and western Croatia.
The Pannonian and para-Pannonian plains are enriched with alluvial soil deposited by the Sava and Drava rivers. These plains are the most fertile agricultural regions of Croatia and form the country's breadbasket. The soil of the central mountainous belt is rather poor but offers some cultivable land in the fields and meadows and some grazing land in the plateaus. The Croatian littoral is mostly mountainous and barren, with rocky soil and poor agricultural land.
Two main climatic zones dominate Croatia. The Pannonian and para-Pannonian plains and the mountain regions are characterized by a continental climate of warm summers and cold winters. In the plains, temperatures average in the low 70s F (low 20s C) in June and in the low 30s F (around 0 °C) in January—although they can range from a low of −5 °F (−20 °C) in the winter to a high of 105 °F (40 °C) in the summer. The central mountain regions of Lika and Krbava have slightly cooler summers and cold winters, with a milder climate in the valleys. The average temperature range is between about 65 °F (about 18 °C) in June and the upper 20s F (about −2 °C) in January. Considerable rainfall, turning to snow in winter, is characteristic of the region.
The Dalmatian coast, Istria, and the islands have a mild Mediterranean climate. In southern Dalmatia, where the sirocco winds (known there as the jugo) bring a moderating influence from Africa, summers are sunny, warm, and dry, and winters are rainy. In the north the winters are drier and colder as a result of the cold northeast wind known as the bora (bura). In the summer the mistral wind has a cooling effect on the coast and the islands. The average temperature ranges from the low 40s F (about 5 °C) in January to the low 70s F (low 20s C) in June. Rainfall is moderate and occurs mainly in the winter.
Plant and animal life
Reflecting the country's diverse geography, the flora and fauna of Croatia are highly varied. On the Dalmatian coast, grapes and olives are grown to produce wine and oil, while Istria is dominated by firs, and Slavonia has many oak forests. In terms of animal life, lizards are found on the coast, while wolves and even bears can be found in the inland forests. Hares, foxes, boars, wildcats, and mouflons (wild sheep) also inhabit Croatia. Sea life in the Adriatic is rich as well, with many coral reefs and underwater caves serving as habitats.
Ethnic groups and religions
A variety of ethnic groups coexist within the republic. Croats constitute about nine-tenths of the population. Serbs make up the largest minority group; however, their proportion fell dramatically as a result of the 1990s war of independence—from more than one-tenth of the population before the war to less than half that figure in 2001. In addition to the Croats and the Serbs, there are small groups of Bosnian Muslims (Bosniacs), Hungarians, Italians, and Slovenes, as well as a few thousand Albanians, Austrians, Bulgarians, Czechs, Germans, and other nationalities.
It has been estimated that the number of Croats living outside the borders of Croatia is comparable to the number living inside the country. Many ethnic Croats reside in Bosnia and Herzegovina, where Croats have lived since the Slavs first migrated to the western Balkan Peninsula in the 6th and 7th centuries ce. Although there has traditionally been a yearning for unification with Croatia among the Croats of Herzegovina (a region contiguous to Dalmatia), this sentiment has not generally been shared by Croats within Croatia or even by Croats in Bosnia. Many of the Serbs in Croatia are descendants of people who migrated to the border areas of the Holy Roman Empire between the 16th and 18th centuries, following the Ottoman conquest of Serbia and Bosnia.
There is traditionally a close correlation between ethnic identity and religious affiliation. The Croats are overwhelmingly Roman Catholic and more Western-influenced than the Serbs, who are overwhelmingly Eastern Orthodox. A small minority of people are nonreligious or atheist. Bosniacs constitute most of the Muslim population.
1The Roman Catholic Church receives state financial support through concordats with the Vatican.
|Official name
|Republika Hrvatska (Republic of Croatia)
|Form of government
|multiparty republic with one legislative house (Croatian Parliament [151])
|Head of state
|President: Kolinda Grabar-Kitarović
|Head of government
|Prime Minister: Zoran Milanović
|Official language
|Official religion
|Monetary unit
|kuna (kn; plural kune)
|(2014 est.) 4,240,000
|Total area (sq mi)
|Total area (sq km)
|Urban-rural population
|Urban: (2011) 57.8%
Rural: (2011) 42.2%
|Life expectancy at birth
|Male: (2011) 73.8 years
Female: (2011) 79.9 years
|Literacy: percentage of population age 15 and over literate
|Male: (2010) 99.5%
Female: (2010) 98.2%
|GNI per capita (U.S.$)
|(2013) 13,330


text: Find pipes, fittings, tools, toilet repair kits, valves, aerators, and more at The Home Depot, your number one super-center for plumbing parts and repair. Plus, count on us for best-in-class customer service, know-how, and installation. The Home Depot can help you find the perfect part or product with our buying guides. If you want to do it yourself, we offer project guides that provide step-by-step instruction. If you need help with installation, we've handpicked licensed and insured professionals who know the latest industry standards and trends.


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Kids say goodbye to mom who saved them
By Michelle Mondo, Staff Writer : October 25, 2013 : Updated: October 25, 2013 12:46pm
Sharon Ledesma was hit by a car as she and two of her children crossed Culebra.
Photo By TOM REELA saddened Priscilla Ledesma talks to supporters and family members on October 24, 2013 in the 3900 block of Culebra about her sister Sharon Ledesma who was hit by a car Wednesday morning as she crossed Culebra.
Photo By TOM REELAbby Faz (left) steadies a candle for Valerie Guzman as Raymond Cano watches as supporters gather with family members on October 24, 2013 in the 3900 block of Culebra to hold a candle light vigil and prayer for Sharon Ledesma who was hit by a car Wednesday morning as she crossed Culebra. on October 24, 2013.
SAN ANTONIO — Before Sharon Ledesma's 11-year-old son went into surgery for a broken collarbone Thursday, he was taken to his mom's room at University Hospital, where she was on life support.
It was time to say goodbye.
"It was very, very difficult for the kids," said Ledesma's grandmother Josie Inouye, 67. "Dominic, he took it so hard."
The children knew they would be losing their mother soon after the family decided she would be taken off life support.
Because of their mother's actions, Dominic Rojas and his little sister Mallory Rojas, 8, both survived an accident their mother would not. She pushed them out of the way of an oncoming car Wednesday morning as they crossed the 3900 block of Culebra Road.
Ledesma was declared brain dead Thursday morning. Despite media reports that she died Thursday, family said she was still on life support Friday morning pending organ donations. She is expected to be taken off life support at noon.
Meanwhile, a donation fund has been set up at Broadway Bank to help pay for her burial and possible bills. Checks must be written out to Priscilla Ashley Ledesma, the victim's sister, but with a note in the memo line that states it is for the Sharon Ledesma donation fund.
For more on this story, visit ExpressNews.com: Vigil is held for mom who saved her kids.


text: Unfortunately there are some players who believe that they should always beat a lesser player, and this is just not true. If I know I am a better player than my opponent, this only means that I should beat him more often than not. It does not mean that I will win a particular game, or match. Your SL9 opponent may not understand this, which means he is going to experience these periodic bouts of frustration, and he'd better learn to deal with them. If I get beaten by a SL6 I just shake hands and move on. I'm not going to win every time, even against the worst of opponents.


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What is a Hometown Hero?
Hometown Heroes are individuals who make our communities what they are. Whether they have devoted their lives to protecting our country at home and abroad, or serve as first responders at the scenes of crimes, fires and natural disasters, these brave Americans have risked their lives for the safety and freedom of us all. Every Hometown Hero deserves our appreciation and gratitude, and the Wolves are providing that opportunity prior to select home games this season.
If you know a member of the U.S. Military or local police and fire departments who has gone above and beyond the call of duty in serving his or her community, tell us their story using the form on the right.
The Wolves will periodically select winners based on your nominations. Each Hometown Hero will be recognized before a Wolves game and join Wayne Messmer on the ice during the National Anthem.
The Laurus Foundation
The Laurus Foundation strives to advance the lives of individuals with disabilities, especially those who have served our country in the military, whether or not their injury or disability is service-related. After nearly a decade of waging war on terror, it is well known that the signature wounds of Operation Iraqi Freedom and Operation Enduring Freedom have become Traumatic Brain Injury and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. Learn more about these injuries and how the Laurus Foundation can help.


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Click the link for the whole article. Meltzer reported on this too, so I assume we'll hear more as the night progresses.Cheick Kongo Becomes the Latest UFC Castoff to Be Signed by Bellator
(And stay outta mah goddamn onion patch! / Photo via MMAFighting.com)
Bellator announced in a press release today that it has signed heavyweight striker Cheick Kongo, who will make his debut for the promotion this fall, and will be featured in its Season 9 Heavyweight Tournament. Kongo was released by the UFC earlier this year following a knockout loss to Roy Nelson at UFC 159. Since then, the 38-year-old has been keeping busy with his high-end clothing boutique in Los Angeles (seriously), but the lure of the cage was too great to ignore. As he explained:
After my contract was up in the UFC, I really wanted to take some time and reflect on everything. After talking to the people around me, especially someone like my longtime friend in Rampage, he told me how well Bellator has been treating him and what we can do with Bellator, and after getting to know Bjorn Rebney, it just seemed like the right fit for me. I know I have plenty of fight left in me, and my fight in October is the first step to getting that Bellator Heavyweight Title.
Bellator CEO Bjorn Rebney added: If youre an MMA fan, youre a Kongo fan. No matter who he fights hes always going to bring the fight and put on a great show, and hes one of the best guys youll have the pleasure of dealing with in MMA.
Holy crap, let me stop you right there. Im an MMA fan, and I can think of a few good reasons not to like Cheick Kongo. Plus, I wouldnt say he always brings the fight. His epic punch-out with Pat Barry aside, Kongos UFC career became more known for tedious clinch-battles against guys like Travis Browne, Matt Mitrione, and Shawn Jordan. The guy has a Worst Fight of the Year Potato Award on his mantle for just that reason.
Bellator can spin this one how they want, but hiring Kongo just seems like another example of Viacom picking up another aging leftover from the UFC in the hopes that MMA fans tune in and say hey, I know that guy. And God forbid Kongo actually goes on a little run and becomes Heavyweight Champion of Bellator. What message would that send about the talent level in Bellator in relation to the UFC?


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According to reports provided by the Aiken County Sheriffs Office:
A 53-year-old Jackson man reported to officers that he believed his 36-year-old stepson may have taken his horsepower well-pump from his Old Double Springs residence.
A hit-and-run was reported on Jefferson Davis Highway in Beech Island. The owner reported an unknown car hit her parked car in the parking lot.
A 31-year-old Aiken man reported an unknown subject broke into his Irving Drive home on Thursday.
A 63-year-old Graniteville woman reported an unknown subject scratched the top of her vehicle, the doors and trunk on Thursday.
After two men left the Waffle House on Frontage Road in Aiken without paying for their $13 meal on Friday, officers were able to locate the men who then paid for the food.
A 52-year-old Aiken woman reported an unknown subject took her $673 social security check out of her mailbox on Maywell Road on Friday
A 44-year-old Warrenville man reported to officers that an unknown subject went through his car and stole his wallet on Traisco Court on Friday.
A 44-year-old Clearwater man reported to officers that an unknown subject attempted to steal his vehicle on Augusta Road and broke part of the steering column on Friday
A 57-year-old Clearwater woman reported an unknown subject took her white bicycle on South Street on Friday
The Carwash on Jefferson Davis Highway reported to officers that a male wearing a dark hoodie cut the locks off of a vacuum machine and bent some metal rods on Friday.
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Questions & Answers
Do you have questions about this product?
Get answers from real customers and in-house experts with AnswerBox.
Q:Hi how would this look on a dark skin black person like what is it purpose ?Asked on 4/18/2015 by bee
1 answer
A:On lighter skin, this product acts as more of a bronzer, and on darker skin it acts as more of a highlight! It will give your skin a nice natural glow.Answered on 4/20/2015 by Sal
Q:Is this product suitable for women with warmer skin complexionsAsked on 3/22/2015 by sammy the newbie from Spring valley, ny
2 answers
A:I believe it would be good I use a pinch for much cheekbones and in the place of blush and it looks great, would recommend.Answered on 3/23/2015 by Anonymous
A:I think that it would work great with a warmer skin-tone! If you don't find it works for you we have an amazing return policy!Answered on 3/22/2015 by Lana from LUSH Direct
Q:Does Charisma skin tint work well as a blush? Specifically on pale skin.Asked on 10/26/2014 by Riz from Daytona Beach, FL
1 answer
A:While the Charisma Skin Tint can be used as a blush, it has a bronze hue. However, if you are looking for a blush with a pink/red tone, then I recommend mixing one of our Liquid Lipsticks (ie: Charm) with one of our Color Supplements.Answered on 11/6/2014 by Fainaz from LUSH Direct
Q:Would this be compatible for those with oily acne-prone skin?Asked on 6/20/2014 by Mimi
2 answers
A:Charisma is definitely compatible for oilier skin types, as it is very lightweight and easily absorbed!Answered on 9/25/2014 by Melissa S from LUSH Direct
A:Yes. The formula is very thin and dries quicklyAnswered on 6/20/2014 by Anonymous
Q:What is COLOUR SUPPLEMENT? It's mentioned that some products can be blended with COLOUR SUPPLEMENT. I am new to your products.Asked on 7/24/2012 by Debbie
1 answer
A:Our colour supplements are tints designed to be added to moisturizers to create a tinted moisturizer. They can be found here: http://www.lush.ca/Color-Supplements/colour-supplements,en_CA,sc.html. If you'd like more information, give us a call at 1-888-733-5874.Answered on 7/31/2012 by Laura from LUSH
I was wondering could I use charisma tint, as foundation and apply loose powder on top?
Since its summer would i apply sunscreen under or on top of the product (so it look 'natural'?
Is it long lasting?
Can i use it on top of a foundation/ and as a bronzer?
Any ideas/tips on how to use tthe product?
thank youAsked on 7/22/2012 by CuriousLOLA
1 answer
A:Charisma has a light texture, so it may not be opaque enough to be used as a foundation. Instead, I'd give the Colour Supplements a try, as they will give much better coverage. As for sunscreen, I'd recommend applying it first, then then your makeup on top.
I like to use Charisma as a bronzer to darken any areas that would naturally be a little more tanned by the sun, such as below the cheekbones, on the forehead, or anywhere else you'd typically apply your bronzer. Blend it well, and your skin will be gorgeous!Answered on 8/28/2012 by Megan from LUSH Direct


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Who wants to spend hours every week cleaning house? No one wants to live in a messy environment every day as well. Buying a vacuum cleaning system can be a great move to tackle the dust in your home. Even if you are frustrated that your lackluster machine is not doing the trick quickly and effectively, you can select from newer vacuums that are more powerful and efficient. You can even find replacement parts for your older vacuums so you can get them running to their optimal performance levels soon. It is recommended that you choose a vacuum based on your cleaning frequency, the style that suits your vacuuming needs, and any special features that you are seeking. Studies have proved that living in a clean home can reduce stress levels considerably. Buy vacuums online and tackle the dirt in your home effectively.
Uprights, canisters, small stick vac or central vacuums, the choice is yours. Uprights have more maneuverability than canisters, spinning brushes make great accessories for carpet cleaning, cordless vacs are great for cleaning but can they last through your vacuuming time? For answers to all these questions and also buying guides for vacuums so you can find the best vacuum cleaner, visit GoVacuum.com. We stock a wide range of vacuums to satisfy everyones cleaning needs. Enjoy great savings on already low warehouse prices, not just that we offer free shipping on all our products. You can even find Product Diagrams for all the popular brands so you can understand the parts and the way they function before choosing vacuums for your home or office.
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Rainbow Vacuum Cleaner Main Power Supply Cord Vac Cleaner Main Power Supply Cord$31.30Works With: Rainbow D2 Rainbow D3 Description:Main Power Supply Cord, 20 Long, 2 Wire, Color Brown Learn More
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Lil Cliff and the Cliffhangers live in Southampton
Clip of "Tiger Man" by Lil Cliff and the Cliffhangers. Credit: Idybluz
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Halloween in August Two swimmers rescued from rip currents in Long Beach Northport PlayStation event lets public play unreleased games Hot Halloween tradition continues in Lido Beach 'It's crazy that I survived' Suspect scratches 30 vehicles on Massapequa street One camper's beginning and another's end Splish Splash thrills visitors on Long Island Turtles released back into the wild in Hampton Bays Osprey untangled from fishing line Lemurs can paint! Car lurches into service garage, knocks another car off lift


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You're on the right track, and please don't get me wrong - I *DO* believe it can be done, given certain considerations...Originally Posted by 1biggun
This is NOT something I'd buy a box of cheap '60s surplus Turkish tin-canned ammo and start blasting away. If it were MY face that was making a cheek weld onto that converted build, I would make darn sure that the ammo was a known factor - hand-loaded on the light side of the chart with lighter bullets.
Personally I think .308 is the highest CUP of any of the calibers I've looked into. However we have a .308 conversion (Saiga) to use as a model. Honestly I can't think of any 8mm model other than the M76.
To restate my conclusion, handloading "good" ammo makes this more expensive and therefore counter-productive IMO. I've got the bug for an 8mm MG42 only because that MG-grade "blaster" ammo is so darn cheap!


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July 9, 2007
Girl Scouts of the USA
Michelle Tompkins
(212) 852-5074
New York, N.Y. — Girl Scouts of the USA is pleased to announce the 18 winning entries in the Global Citizens Essay contest, sponsored by EF Educational Tours and EF's domestic division, Smithsonian Student Travel. This writing competition was designed to have girls reflect on how their Girl Scouting experience broadens their horizons and increases their cultural sensitivity. In recognition of their accomplishments, 12 girls won a trip to Washington, D.C., and six are off to Europe—specifically a trip to London and Paris—which will take place later this month.
"It is inspiring to see so many Girl Scouts not only embracing Global Citizenship, but also taking the time to write about their experiences to share with others," said Norma Barquet, Executive Vice President, Mission to Market, GSUSA. "We are very proud of our winners and hope that their journeys are stepping stones to lives full of exciting adventures where they explore the world and their own potential to make a difference."
Global Citizens Essay Contest Winners
12-14 Years' Group
15-17 Years' Group
The Global Citizens Essay Contest was announced in late April on the Girl Scout Web site and to all Girl Scout councils.
The topic of Global Citizens was used to inspire the girls to understand and appreciate cultural differences and to instill this virtue in others. This writing contest was separated into two age groups. Twelve of the 12-14-year-olds won a four-day, all-expense paid trip to Washington, D.C., with Smithsonian Student Travel, which takes place on July 25 and six 15-17-year-old winners were awarded with a seven-day adventure to Paris and London with EF Educational Tours that begins July 30.
About Girl Scout Global Citizen Essay Contest
This contest has two goals: to challenge girls 12-17 to consider their roles in the world through writing and to allow them to put their words into practice. The top 18 winners will receive a free trip to Europe or Washington, D.C., with EF Educational Tours and Smithsonian Student Travel. Girls, ages 15-17, were asked to reflect on a Girl Scout experience and describe how that experience inspired them to live as a Global Citizen. A Global Citizen is defined as a person who understands and appreciates cultural differences, and strives to instill this value in others. For the winners, the educational tour will not simply be a reward for a job well done. It will be a vehicle for developing ambassadors of global thinking and will provide them with an opportunity to have an impact on their troop members and community at large. Contest deadline was May 31.
About EF Education
EF Education helps student groups "learn it by living it" as they experience firsthand the worlds' very best historic, cultural and natural sights. Every EF international tour includes flights, ground transportation, comfortable hotel accommodations, most meals and the guidance and support of a full time tour director. Find out more information on EF Educational Tours.
About Smithsonian Student Travel
Smithsonian Student Travel offers engaging and educational tours of the United States and Canada. Our tours bring classroom learning to life with hands-on activities enhanced by the Smithsonian Institution's renowned educational resources. All of Smithsonian Student Travel and EF Educational Tours are accredited. Find out more information on Smithsonian Student Travel.
About Girl Scouts
Founded in 1912, Girl Scouts of the USA is the preeminent leadership development organization for girls with 3.6 million girl and adult members worldwide. Girl Scouting is the leading authority on girls' healthy development, and builds girls of courage, confidence and character, who make the world a better place. The organization strives to serve girls from every corner of the United States and its territories. Girls Scouts of the USA also serves American girls and their classmates attending American or international schools overseas in 90 countries. For more information on how to join, volunteer, reconnect or donate to Girl Scouts, call (800) GSUSA 4 U (800-478-7248) or visit www.girlscouts.org.


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Bass GwenSKU: #8099648
Product Information
- A stylish update on a timeless classic, these Bass® shoes are sure to make a bold statement.
- Smooth leather upper with tassel embellishment at the toe.
- Slip-on design for quick and easy on and off.
- Textile and man-made lining with a cushioned textile footbed.
- Durable rubber outsole.
- Imported.


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For the first month since August of 2013, the U.S. high yield bond market declined in July, with the BofA Merrill Lynch High Yield Index falling -1.32%. July also marked the worst month of performance for the asset class since June of 2013. However, during the first half of August, the high yield asset class has gained some of the ground lost last month, and we expect further stabilization as yields approach 6%.
In our view, the high yield selloff reflected sentiment and technical factors. Similar to last summer, July's selloff was tied to investor concerns about when the Fed would begin raising short-term interest rates. While other risk assets experienced pressure later in the month, the high yield selloff began around the same time as Chair Yellen noted that valuations in the asset class "appear[ed] to be stretched." While the long end of the Treasury curve remained resilient, the curve flattened as the short end continued to price in possible rate hikes in 2015.
In the wake of Fed comments, high yield exchange-traded funds (ETFs) experienced their largest outflows on record, which tested market liquidity. As ETFs sought to meet redemptions, more liquid BB and B rated credits were sold off, despite no deterioration in fundamentals.
As the impact of Fed rhetoric has waned, the asset class has begun to recoup ground. Overall, we believe high yield issuer fundamentals are still strong, with default rates expected to stay well below long-run averages for the next few years. Leverage has slowly crept higher but is still below the peak of the early 2000s, while interest coverage remains near its peak (see charts below). Despite more aggressive new issuance and looser covenants of late, we do not believe we are at an inflection point in the credit cycle. Even so, high yield investors should be prepared for periods of choppiness, with geopolitical risks likely causing market sentiment to swing between risk-on and risk-off.
Leverage Ratio: Well Below Peak
Source: BofA Merrill Lynch Global Research
Interest Coverage Ratio: Nearly at Peak
Our view on interest rates is unchanged: We expect Fed tapering to end this fall and the Treasury market to continue to price in the first rate hike in 2015. Despite anticipated Fed tightening, we expect the long end of the Treasury curve to remain resilient and the yield curve to flatten. Weaker economic conditions in Europe will likely continue to push down interest rates in Europe and lead global investors to chase U.S. yields, as U.S. Treasurys remain more attractive on a relative basis.
Earlier this year, we had been concerned about high yield valuations, given investors' determined quest for yield in a low interest-rate environment, and we believe these concerns proved valid. However, following the July selloff, valuations are beginning to look more attractive given the spread widening and the historical low correlation of the high yield asset class relative to Treasurys. Institutional investors who are well versed in the asset class are taking advantage of this recent selloff, as discussed in the The Wall Street Journal ("Large Investors Swoop In For Junk," August 18). Expected low default rates should further support current valuations.
We see the most opportunity in mid quality (BB/B) issuers which have sold off by a similar amount to lower quality (CCC and below) issuers. With the recent back-up in the market, we believe the high yield asset class looks attractive relative to other fixed income alternatives over the next 12 months.
Related resources
High yield scenario analysis and commentary
Calamos High Yield Investment Process
Past performance is no guarantee of future results. The opinions referenced are as of the date of publication and are subject to change due to changes in the market or economic conditions and may not necessarily come to pass. Information contained herein is for informational purposes only and should not be considered investment advice. Opinions, estimates, forecasts, and statements of financial market trends that are based on current market conditions constitute our judgment and are subject to change without notice. We believe the information provided here is reliable.
The views and strategies described may not be suitable for all investors. References to specific securities, asset classes and financial markets are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to be, and should not be interpreted as, recommendations. High yield bonds entail increased credit and liquidity risks.
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ProLongwear shadows (the originals) have such a great formula. They apply and blend beautifully and wear extremely well. I always use a primer but MAC claims these last even without a base or primer and one day, I may just put that claim to the test. Don't be fooled by how dark this colour looks. This is one versatile and very wearable shadow – as a fantastic crease colour or for a sophisticated smokey eye. You can smudge it around your upper and lower lash lines for a softly "lined" eye. Great value too – you get a huge pan (possibly too huge!) for only a few bucks more than the standard MAC shadow.
Keep Your Cool is a smoky, dark, brownish taupe. This has a satin finish. It is just slightly darker than Urban Decay Mushroom. It's cooler in tone and much grayer compared to MAC Satin Taupe. It's quite similar to the taupe from Chanel Prelude. Burberry Taupe Brown is similar but more matte. It is also similar to MAC Unflappable.


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About Magazines search
As part of our mission to make the world's information universally accessible and useful, we're always interested in bringing new types of printed materials online. We have partnered with a number of magazine publishers to digitize their archives, making them searchable, viewable, and discoverable through Google Books. You'll find these magazines seamlessly integrated with book results, with a viewing experience similar to that of the books on Google Books.
Readers will be able to search and browse magazines exactly as they were first printed, including original images, headlines, and even advertisements. The inclusion of magazine content is another way to help make high-quality, authoritative information discoverable online.
1. How can I search for magazines in Google Books?
Magazines are integrated with book results, so each time you perform search on Google Books, you'll be searching across our entire corpus of books and magazines. You can also limit your results just to magazines by using the Advanced Google Books feature and selecting the "Magazines" radio button. Any magazine results will be displayed with a "Magazine" tag right under the title.
2. What's different about browsing magazines?
Although magazines are searchable from the same index as books, and appear in a similar interface, it's not exactly the same as browsing a book on Google Books. For example, you'll find tools to help you browse through the archives of a magazine on the "About this magazine" page associated with each magazine. Also, each magazine in the Google Books index is fully viewable.
3. How can I browse through magazines?
Once you've found a magazine that interests you, you can browse other issues of that magazine from the "About this magazine" page. Click on the "About this magazine" link at the top left of the screen, and scroll down to the section marked "Browse all issues." You can then explore different issues of the magazine by clicking on a decade that interests you, and then scrolling through the individual issues from that time.
For a full listing of the current magazine titles available to browse in Google Books, please see this page. As our team adds additional titles, they will be reflected in this view.
4. Where do these magazines come from?
We have partnered with a number of publishers to display the full content of their magazines on Google Books. You can browse through the archives of magazines with a wide range of topics from baseball to technology, travel and more. Among the magazine titles you may recognize are: Vegetarian Times, Popular Science, Popular Mechanics and New York Magazine.


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Good shoes can be a great investment, especially if you take advantage of the skills of shoe repair pros. Quality shoes can last for decades with proper storage, cleaning and maintenance. Consider these tips for bringing new life to old soles:
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Local Articles in 01119
Don't throw out those blue suede shoes! Learn more about saving money by investing in shoe repairs.
After decades of losing business, repair shops are reaping a benefit of the sluggish economy as people hang on a little longer to the things they already own.
Customer says she can't wear her shoes because the zipper repair looks bad. Shoe repair shop says they did a good job and won't give her a refund.
Angie's Answers
You would have to have a shoe repair shop evaluate them - some heels are hollow except at the tip so you might not be able to shorten them and retain the necessary strength - others are solid, so he would have to look at them. Might be able to just remove heel cap, cut down, and put heel cap back on.
Bear in mind that cutting the heels down will rock the shoe "backwards", so you will be walking on sole further back on the shoe - if the unthickened sole part betweenthe heel and the ball of the foot would be walked on because of this, you might have to pay him to add leather there to, which might mean resoling the entire shoe - could get pricey, if these are not worth hundreds of $.
As for evaluating a shoe repai place - only thing I can think is if these are pricey shoes, call store and see if they recommend a particular place. Otherwise Search Angies List for sheo repair places and reviews.
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Softball Falls to Top Ranked Lions
- Release Date:
- April 14, 2013
- Contact:
- The Office of Sports Information
- (716) 649-7900 ext. 333
Altoona, PA – The Hilbert College softball team ran into a hot-hitting Penn State Altoona squad April 14 and suffered two Allegheny Mountain Collegiate Conference losses to the league leading Lions.
It took Altoona four batting innings to capture the 19 – 0 opening win, while the night cap went five full innings. Hilbert moved to 5-15 (3-7 AMCC) while Altoona improved to 17-5 (10-2 AMCC).
Junior Natalie Whitman earned the Hawks only two hits on the day. Her first came as a double in the fourth inning of the first game and she singled again, in the fourth inning in the night cap.
The Lions started the morning game with back-to-back six run innings off a combination of eight hits and four Hilbert errors. They continued to build the lead with seven more runs by the bottom of the fourth. After the Hawks went four batters deep in the top of the 5th without a run, the Lions took the first game with ease. In the second game, Altoona was again consistent earning runs in four of their five at bats. They finished the game with three runs to cap the 8-0 win.
Jaelyn Gotham faced 17 batters and Whitman saw 19 in her 2.2 innings of the opening game. Senior Devan Jonathan faced 30 batters and finished with 3 strike outs in the nightcap.
The Hawks are scheduled to travel to Pitt-Bradford Tuesday, April 16th for a 3pm double header.
Hilbert College, located in suburban Hamburg, N.Y., south of Buffalo, is a private four-year college founded in 1957 in the Catholic Franciscan tradition. With nearly 1,100 students, Hilbert is a dynamic Western New York college that offers career-focused majors, including one of the top criminal justice programs in the region, and more than 50 minors and concentrations. The college's engaging, student-centered campus community offers numerous leadership, internship, and service learning opportunities from which students launch successful careers while making positive changes in their communities. The Hilbert Blueprint promotes a well-rounded student experience over four years – starting with the Foundations Seminar in the freshman year, followed by Sophomore Service, Junior Symposium, and culminating with the Senior Capstone. Hilbert has expanded its academic offerings with the college's first graduate programs and new Accelerated Degree Programs geared to adult learners.
Upcoming Events
- First Year Student Orientation
- Aug 14, 2015
- Summer Session A2 Ends
- Aug 21, 2015
- First Year Student Orientation
- Aug 28, 2015


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|Home > Guides > Core Developers Guide > Result Types > Redirect Action Result
This result uses the ActionMapper provided by the ActionMapperFactory to redirect the browser to a URL that invokes the specified action and (optional) namespace. This is better than the ServletRedirectResult because it does not require you to encode the URL patterns processed by the ActionMapper in to your struts.xml configuration files. This means you can change your URL patterns at any point and your application will still work. It is strongly recommended that if you are redirecting to another action, you use this result rather than the standard redirect result.
See examples below for an example of how request parameters could be passed in.


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This technical problem is a bit removed from creating jewelry, but I thought someone experienced with jewelry making could help me nonetheless.
I have some 3mm - 5mm colored glass beads that I want to use to create a multicolored glass mosaic upon a sheet of glass. I'd like to temporarily adhere the beads to another piece of glass to enable me to grind them down to about 1/3 their original thickness using a wet piece of emery paper secured to a flat piece of wood held in my hand. The beads would not only be ground down to a thinner size, but the hole would also be eliminated. The result would be a tiny mosaic tile. I want to be able to grind many beads at a time, so that's the reason I need some sort of adhesive or wax I can temporarily adhere them with to the piece of glass. Is there some kind of jeweler's wax or other temporary adhesive that I can use to do this? Also, what would be the best solvent to completely clean the beads with after they're ground down?
I'd be very grateful if anyone can help me with this technical problem.
Dop wax might work. Its purpose is to hold a rock on a piece of dowel while you grind, sand and polish the rock, and to release the rock easily when you are done. Dop wax becomes sticky when it melts. It sets up at room temperature so you can work the stone (or bead). To release the stone, you put the project in the freezer for 15 minutes and just gently rub or lift the project off the wax. If a little bit of wax remains on the rock, soak the rock in some ordinary rubbing alcohol, then give it a good rub with paper towels or a rag. I know dop wax sticks to rocks and sticks. I don't know how well it would adhere to a sheet of glass. So, I would say it would be a good idea to practice first on a sample. Good luck!
Thank you very much for your reply and the useful advice. I'll certainly do some testing to see if the dop wax does the job before starting to work on the mosaic.
I hadn't thought of this form a lapidary angle but you could do like some of the lapidary folk do and use super glue. After you get the beads to the correct thickness soak the glass and beads in acetone to remove the super glue. Just be aware to do this in a well ventilated area, outside is the best, and wear chemical resistant gloves, acetone is not good for the bone marrow no matter if inhaled or absorbed through the skin.
I'll try this method also. I never would have thought to use super glue whereas I thought it permanent. I use acetone regularly, and I was unaware that it had an effect upon bone marrow. Any chemical or toxin that enters the human body has to be detoxified by the liver and spleen, and that puts a stress on these organs. Solvents like acetone enter the brain, too. In recent years I've used a respirator to protect myself.
I think that there are respirators for fumes like acetone but you need to do some research on that. I think OSHA has information on the hazards.
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Baskets + Boxes
Piles be gone. west elm's stylish hampers and bathroom storage will make it easy to organize your bathroom. Our baskets and hampers include the white Lacquer Bath Hamper, Swahili Lidded Basket, a black-and-white woven collection of baskets, the Modern-Weave Oversized Storage Bin, the Oversize Seagrass Basket, bendable curved baskets, the Curved Basket Collection, the environmentally friendly Modern-Weave Storage, the Braided Storage Collection and basket waste bins.


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Beers You Should Know And Drink: Gose
What sets this style apart from a witbier are the adjuncts. Coriander and salt are added during (or after) the boil in order to create a fuller mouthfeel and added complexity. (This tradition may have arisen from salty springs that provided early brewers their water.) Typically brewed below 5.0% ABV, these session beers are ideal to crack open on a warm spring day. More


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The Joint Corp., a franchiser of chiropractic clinics, celebrated the opening of its first clinic in Aiken on Thursday.
Owned and operated by L.S. Carper, The Joint is located at 258 East Gate Drive in the Eastgate Shopping Center next to Publix.
According to a recent press release, Carter discovered his passion for chiropractic care after it cured his wife of chronic carpal tunnel syndrome.
Traditional medicine provided no relief for her, Carter said. But within three weeks of chiropractic care, her condition went away, he said.
"I like the idea of approaching ongoing wellness through a holistic, preventive program of care rather than waiting until something is wrong to try and fix it," Carter said in the press release. "The Joint – with no appointments necessary and lower cost than most co-pays – makes taking care of your health so much more convenient and affordable that anyone can do it."
Benefits of The Joint include membership plans of $49 per month, which entitles patients to four visits per month, family membership plans and services to walk-in patients as well.
South Carolina native Dr. Jerry Odom will also be part of the team. A graduate of USC Aiken, Odom also received his doctor of chiropractic from Sherman College in Spartanburg.
"I joined The Joint Aiken because I saw the amazing ability of patients to lead better quality lives with regular chiropractic care," Odom said in the press release. "Now, the people of Aiken don't have to spend a fortune to receive these benefits."
The Joint will be open Monday through Friday from 10 a.m. to 7 p.m. and on Saturdays from 10 a.m. to 4 p.m. For more information, call 803-641-3848 or visit www.thejoint.com.
The Joint Corporation was founded in Tucson Arizona in 1999. It has been ranked in the Inc. Magazine Inc.500 Fastest Growing Companies at No. 44. The Joint has 428 clinics open or in development in 28 states.
Derrek Asberry is a beat reporter with the Aiken Standard news team and joined the paper in June. He is originally from Vidalia, Ga., and graduated from Georgia Southern University with a journalism degree in May 2012.
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Ronix Quarter 'Til Midnight Wakeboard 2015
The 2015 Ronix Quarter 'Til Midnight gives a smooth glide on the water with a big pop and also has good flex to it. This women's board a best seller for Ronix and arguably their best board out there. The Quarter 'Til Midnight is a crossover and is great for the boat and out at the cable park. Learn More
Ronix Krush Wakeboard 2015
The 2015 Ronix Krush is similar to the mens Vault. Ronix built the toeside and heelside differently on the same board because your shoulders are not always parallel to the board. The Krush also uses a lighter glass layup for a lighter weight. The Ronix Krush is the perfect get out and ride wakeboard Learn More
Slingshot Pearl Wakeboard + Jewell Bindings Package 2015
The 2015 Slingshot Pearl is easy to ride with its continuous rocker and still has the flex of a slingshot. Great for the cable park or behind the boat and is very rider friendly. The slingshot jewel looks great and with a stronger, thinner and lighter strap you get efficient tightening and better flex. Learn More
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