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Tuesday, October 1, 2013
A proposed Sunoco gas station that the Board Of Zoning Appeals reviewed on Monday was met with dissension. Residents directly affected by the proposal were on hand to voice their opinion against it.
The property is owned by Lupert Adler and Preservation Row. This company is affiliated with Front Door Communities, the company that is building The Tributary residential development on Rivertowne Parkway.
The gas station is slated to be constructed at the south-west corner of Highway 41 and Rivertowne Parkway.
The case is under the category of "exemption" due to the fact that the original Rivertowne Planned Development, approved in 1994, would not allow it unless an exemption was made.
The Board of Zoning Appeals' decisions are final and warrant no approval of the Planning Commission or the Mount Pleasant Town Council. The board voted to defer the proposal for 30 days.
Residents of the community touted safety and quality of life concerns about the store.
More than 1,000 residents use Rivertowne Parkway daily, as it is the only way in and out of the community. Communities within the neighborhood include Planter's Pointe at Rivertowne, Rivertowne on the Wando, Rivertowne Country Club and the new Tributary development along Rivertowne Parkway among others. A future development along the parkway will be comprised of $380K-plus homes that will be directly next to the proposed station.
The station would be completed around June or over the summer of 2014. A right turn lane is slated for completion when the gas station is supposed to be completed.
There are currently two gas stations along Highway 41 and one at the corner of Highway 41 and Highway. 17.
The developers plan on having an entrance and exit from Rivertowne Parkway so customers can use the safety of a traffic light.
The station will be open 24 hours a day with food sales and outdoor seating.
The proposed use also meets the Rivertowne Planned Development requirement since no operations involving vehicle repairs, body or fender work, sale or rental of new or used cars or trucks, trailers of any type, or boats will be conducted on the site.
Pumps are will be back greater than 20-feet from the street line and the buffer will be increased to 25-feet, and plantings will be increased to make the buffer resemble a denser type buffer.
There will be no outside loudspeaker or amplified music systems utilized, unless authorized by a valid special event permit. All lights or lighting arrangements used for purposes of advertising or night operations must be directed away from adjoining or nearby residential properties; and lighting has been designed to be directed downward and away from adjoining or nearby properties.
Sidewalk connections have been provided to the proposed store and sidewalks through the site will allow pedestrian access to the adjacent commercial area (Wymberly Crossing). Bicycle racks placed on site will promote alternative means of transportation to access the site.
Citizens affected by the proposal told board members that Rivertowne already has challenging traffic at the intersection of Highway 41 and Rivertowne Parkway. There are almost 250 Planter's Pointe homes that have direct access to this road where the speed limit is 25 miles per hour.
Currently, there is no dedicated right-hand turn lane to allow traffic from Rivertowne to exit onto Highway 41 south, however one is slasted to be constructed by Charleston County.
"During the 10-month school year, morning traffic backs up from the light past the Saltwood section of homes on Rivertowne Parkway (almost a quarter mile of traffic). In addition, we have traffic from cars leaving the Harris Teeter shopping center that choose to use the Rivertowne/Highway 41 light to exit and then enter onto 41 rather than take the risk of trying to make a left hand turn onto Highway 41 from the main entrance of Harris Teeter where there is no traffic light," according to the Homeowner's Association President Mark Valerio.
Residents who spoke out said the proposed 24-hour gas station increases the risk of a community robbery, fire or a fuel spill. Particularly in the case of a robbery, criminals could use the High Marsh and Tributary communities as an escape route when fleeing police.
Other concerns included loitering as well. But more importantly, Valerio said, "we believe that a 24-hour gas station in our community seriously compromises our quality of life and severely complicates the growing traffic at our only entrance and exit to our 20-year-old community."
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An apparatus and method is disclosed for obtaining and measuring constituents in a sample of body fluid. The apparatus includes a member which is sized to penetrate into at least the dermal layer of skin to collect a sample of body fluid located within the dermal layer.
1. An apparatus for obtaining interstitial fluid from a patient, the apparatus comprising:
a needle having a tip configured to penetrate into tissue laden with interstitial fluid when urged against skin, the needle defining a passage arranged to conduct interstitial fluid;
a test site in fluid communication with the needle; and
a spacing member having an interior space and a lower edge, the needle slidably engaging the spacing member wherein the needle tip extends from a first position within the interior space to a second position extending beyond the lower edge of the spacing member.
2. The apparatus of
3. The apparatus of
4. The apparatus of
5. The apparatus of
6. The apparatus of
7. An apparatus for simultaneously collecting a sample of a patient's body fluid and preparing a collected sample for subsequent testing for an analyte contained within the collected sample, the apparatus comprising:
a housing sized to be manipulated by a patient with a housing end for placement against a skin surface of the patient;
a penetration member carried on the housing, the penetration member having a protruding end protruding from the housing, the protruding end for penetrating into, but not through, the dermal layer of skin, upon placement of the housing end against the skin surface;
a test site carried on the housing; and
a fluid flow pathway from the protruding end to the test site for fluid to flow from the protruding end to the test site when the protruding end is penetrated into the skin surface.
8. An apparatus according to
This application is a divisional of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/604,018, filed Jun. 26, 2000, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,602,205, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/169,155, filed Oct. 9, 1998, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,080,116, which is a continuation of Ser. No. 08/919,033, filed Aug. 27, 1997, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,820,570, which is a continuation of Ser. No. 08/555,314, filed Nov. 8, 1995, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,746,217, which is a divisional of Ser. No. 08/321,305, filed Oct. 11, 1994, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,582,184, which is a continuation-in-part of Ser. No. 08/136,304, filed Oct. 13, 1993, now abandoned.
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an apparatus for testing body fluid constituents. More particularly, the present invention pertains to an apparatus for collecting body fluid for testing.
2. Description of the Art
The prior art has long been seeking procedures for testing and determining the level of blood constituents. Particularly, a great deal of attention has been spent on the development of techniques for measuring blood glucose.
Historically, blood glucose and other bodily analyte measurements were, and remain, invasive. Such measurements are generally made by withdrawing a blood sample and measuring the desired analyte within the blood or plasma. Blood samples can be withdrawn by inserting a needle into a major artery or, more commonly, a vein. A syringe or other device is used to provide any necessary suction and collect the blood sample. Needles used for this sampling technique must be long enough to pass through the skin, subcutaneous tissue, and blood vessel wall. The needle must also have a sufficient diameter to allow timely collection of the blood sample without causing hemolysis of the blood. Minimal diameter to meet these criteria is generally 20 gauge or larger diameter. Such direct vascular blood sampling has several limitations, including pain, hematoma and other bleeding complications, and infection. In addition, due to the vascular damage resulting from the needle puncture, sampling could not be repeated on a routine basis. Finally, it is extremely difficult for patients to perform a direct vascular puncture on themselves.
The other common technique for collecting a blood sample is to cut or lance the skin and the subcutaneous tissue, including the small, underlying blood vessels, to produce a localized bleeding on the body surface. A lancet, knife, or other cutting device is required. The blood on the body surface can then be collected into a small tube or other container. The fingertip is the most frequently used site to collect blood in this method due to the large number of small blood vessels located in the region. One method is shown in U.S. Pat. No. 4,637,403. This sampling method also suffers from several major disadvantages, including pain and the potential for infection and other problems associated with repeated sampling for a confined area. Pain is a major disadvantage since the fingertip has a large concentration of nerve endings. Also, there is a limited body surface area from which to take these samples and measurement on a high frequency basis.
Because the prior art invasive techniques are painful, patients frequently avoid having blood glucose measured. For diabetics, the failure to measure blood glucose on a prescribed basis can be very dangerous. Also, the invasive techniques, which would result in lancing blood vessels, create an enhanced risk for disease transmission.
Attempts have been made to develop glucose and other analyte sensors for implantation in the human body. Implanted glucose sensors would be primarily to control insulin infusion pumps or provide continuous, chronic monitoring. Development of a permanently implanted or long-term, chronic implanted sensor has been unsuccessful. Attempts to develop short-term implantable sensors (up to 2-3 days) have also met with very limited success. Most implantable sensors are based on measuring various products from chemical reactions between agent(s) located on or within the sensor and the desired analyte. Implanted glucose sensors have typically used the glucose oxidase reaction to measure the amount of glucose, as described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,108,819. Such implantable glucose sensors have been intended for insertion through the epidermis and dermis to the subcutaneous tissue. An alternative location previously described for chronic sensor implant is the peritoneal cavity. All such implanted sensors require direct or telemetered connection to a measurement instrument, usually located external the body.
All implanted sensors are faced with several major problems. First, all foreign materials, including materials incorporated into a glucose sensor, produce unwanted body reactions. Such reactions include the formation of fibrotic tissue around the sensor which alters the sensor's contact with normal body fluids and analytes, such as glucose. The body's natural defense mechanism may also have a direct "poisoning" effect upon the sensor's operation by interfering with the chemical reactions required by chemical-based sensors. As with any implanted object, implanted sensors may also initiate other bodily reactions including inflammation, pain, tissue necrosis, infection, and other unwanted reactions.
Implanted sensors require certain chemicals and chemical reactions to determine the level of analyte in the surrounding medium. These chemical reactions are the source of the other major problem facing any implantable sensor. Chemically-based sensors require products to be consumed and other products to be produced as part of the sensor's normal operations. Therefore, the sensors can quickly be depleted of the chemical agents required to sustain the desired chemical reactions. Secondly, by-products are given off as a result of the basic chemical reaction. These by-products often "poison" the sensor or cause other unwanted tissue reactivity. Because of these severe limitations, implanted sensors are not practical. Finally, such implanted sensors are painful to implant and are a source of infection.
By withdrawing the body fluid containing the glucose or other analyte and making the measurement outside the body, these aforementioned sensor based problems can be avoided. Specifically, there is no concern about the chronic tissue response to the foreign sensor material or the limited operational life of the sensor due to the consumption of reaction agents or the production of unwanted by-products from that reaction.
In view of the risk associated with invasive techniques, the prior art has sought to develop noninvasive blood glucose measurement techniques. An example of such is shown in U.S. Pat. No. 4,882,492 to Schlager. Schlager teaches a non-invasive near-infrared measurement of blood. Schlager is particularly directed to the measurement of blood glucose levels. The Schlager patent recognizes that certain wavelengths of light in the near-infrared spectrum are absorbed by glucose. Modulated light is directed against a tissue (shown as an earlobe). The light is either passed through the tissue or impinged on a skin surface. The light is spectrally modified in response to the amount of analyte (for example, glucose) in the blood and tissue. The spectrally modified light is split with one beam passed through a correlation cell. The other beam is passed through a reference cell. The intensity of the beams passing through the correlation cell and the reference cell are compared to calculate a glucose concentration in the sample. Other non-invasive blood glucose methods are shown in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,805,623, 4,655,225, 4,014,321 and 3,958,560.
One drawback of prior art non-invasive systems is that by passing the infrared light through a complex medium (such as an earlobe) very complex data is generated. Algorithms must be developed to manipulate the data in order to attempt to provide reliable indications of blood glucose measurements. Also, such devices may require exact placement of the measuring device (e.g., precise placement on a patient's finger or near an earlobe) to minimize measurement error. Such devices may also be difficult to calibrate. To date, the prior art has not developed commercially available non-invasive methods which provide accurate data.
In addition to the foregoing, applicants' assignee is the owner of various patents pertaining to blood glucose measurement. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 5,179,951 to Knudson dated Jan. 19, 1993 teaches an invasive blood glucose measurement where infrared light is passed through a sample of blood by use of an implanted catheter. Similarly, U.S. Pat. No. 5,079,421 teaches such a system.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,146,091 teaches a non-invasive blood glucose measurement utilizing FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared) techniques to determine blood glucose levels and U.S. Pat. No. 5,115,133 which directs infrared light to the eardrum. As indicated in the aforementioned commonly assigned patents, the testing wavelength includes a glucose sensitive wavelength of about 500 to about 4,000 wave numbers (cm−1). Preferably, the glucose absorbable wavelength is about 1,040 wave numbers.
It is an object of the present invention to provide an enhanced technique for collecting a sample fluid and for measuring fluid constituents in the sample.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, an apparatus and method are disclosed for collecting and measuring constituents in a sample of body fluid. The method includes urging a sampler against a subject's skin. The sampler includes a penetration member which is sized to penetrate the subject's skin upon the urging of the sampler. A sample of fluid is drawn along the penetration member. The sample is tested for desired constituents such as glucose concentration.
In one embodiment, a body fluid is drawn from the dermal layer of skin. The apparatus includes a conduit which is sized to penetrate into the dermal layer. Light having a wavelength absorbable by the constituent is passed through the conduit. The amount of absorption indicates the amount of constituent in the drawn sample. Alternative embodiments of the present invention include drawing a sample of fluid and depositing the sample on, within or between a membrane(s) or substrate(s). The sample deposited on, within or between the membrane(s) or substrate(s) is tested for constituents.
The present invention provides numerous advantages over the prior art techniques. Compared to the prior art invasive and non-invasive techniques, the present invention may more accurately be referred to as a minimally invasive technique.
The present invention utilizes a small needle for drawing a minute amount of fluid. Preferably, the fluid is drawn from the dermal layer of the skin. The dermal layer of the skin has smaller nerves compared to the subcutaneous layer of the skin. Accordingly, the pain associated with prior art invasive techniques is substantially avoided resulting in increased probability of a patient's compliance with prescribed testing. Also, the total body area from which a sample may be taken is not restricted to a fingertip. Furthermore, smaller blood vessels outside of the subcutaneous layer result in minimal or no blood loss and blood vessel rupture by reason of the testing. These and other advantages of the present invention will become apparent through the following detailed description of the invention.
Referring now to
The apparatus 10 includes a penetration member in the form of a conduit 12, preferably a hollow capillary type tube, which is open at both ends and which is inserted into a layer of skin 20. As shown in
The collection apparatus 10 is designed and dimensioned for insertion into the dermal layer 24 of the skin without penetration into the subcutaneous layer 28. The dermal layer 24 generally consists of a dense bed of connective tissue including collagen fibers. It is currently believed bodily fluid is present in the interstitial space defined between the collagen fibers and cells. This interstitial, dispersed bodily fluid includes constituents, such as glucose, in a concentration representative of the constituent's concentration in other bodily fluids, such as blood. Thus, this interstitial fluid may be tested to accurately measure the level of constituents present in an individual's bodily fluids (e.g., blood sugar levels). While it is believed low blood (i.e., few or no red cells) interstitial fluid is preferred any body fluid may be collected through the present invention. However, for ease of illustration, the body fluid will be referred to herein as interstitial fluid.
According to the present invention, the capillary tube 12 is inserted into the dermal layer 24 of the skin to collect a sample of interstitial fluid for subsequent testing of a level of a constituent in the interstitial fluid. In order to collect interstitial fluid with minimal pain, a capillary tube 12 with inside diameter of 114 microns and outside diameter of 140 microns is presently preferred. In the preferred embodiment, the interstitial fluid is to be tested to measure the level of glucose in the fluid.
The capillary tube 12 is inserted to a position in which the distal end 14 of the tube 12 is approximately in the upper third portion 24 a of the dermal layer 24 to ensure the subcutaneous layer 28 is not penetrated. The capillary tube 12 is disposed in this position while interstitial fluid located adjacent to the distal end 14 of the tube 12 is drawn up inside the tube 12 and retained within the internal passageway 18 of the tube 12.
Discussed more fully with respect to the embodiments of
For IR testing of a sample in tube 12, the capillary tube 12 includes at least a section of the tube 12 which is selected to pass certain predetermined light wavelengths (e.g.—wavelengths which are absorbable by constituents which are to be measured). This allows for spectrophotometric analysis of the constituents in the interstitial fluid without the need for pipetting or transferring the fluid in any manner. For purposes of this application and any appended claims, the term "light" is intended to mean both the visible and invisible (e.g., infrared) spectra.
Once the interstitial fluid is retained in the capillary tube 12, a testing light which includes wavelengths absorbable by the constituent to be tested, is generated and directed through the capillary tube 12 containing the constituent of the interstitial fluid. By measuring the amount of absorption of the absorbable wave length, the level of the constituent in the interstitial fluid may be calculated.
In one embodiment, the entire tube 12 is made of a material to pass a test wavelength. When testing for glucose with infrared energy at 1040 wavenumbers, a preferred material is nylon, polyethylene or polyamide, which is at least partially transparent to infrared light wavelengths. However, while the specifically mentioned materials are currently preferred, it will be appreciated other materials may suffice. Infrared light having a wavelength absorbable by blood glucose then is directed through the capillary tube to measure the level of glucose in the interstitial fluid.
Referring to
As shown in
The needle 42 includes opposing axially extending slots 46 which expose a portion of the capillary tube 12 such that a testing light may be directed through slots 46 and through capillary tube 12 while the capillary tube 12 is retained within the needle 42. It is noted that while the preferred embodiment provides for testing of the constituent in the interstitial fluid with the capillary tube 12 retained in the needle 42, alternatively, the capillary tube 12 could be removed from the needle 42 after collection of the interstitial fluid for testing of the interstitial fluid constituents.
The collection apparatus 10′ includes a spacer member 60 which is designed to control the depth of the penetration of the needle 42. The spacer member 60 has a generally cylindrical shape and encircles the needle 42. A proximal end 45 of the needle 42 is secured to a mounting plate 48 having an opening 52 (shown in
In operation, the spacer member 60 is placed against the surface of the skin 20 such that the needle 42 penetrates into the skin. As shown in
In accordance with the present invention, once the capillary tube 12 is inserted into the dermal layer 24, interstitial fluid located adjacent to the distal end 14 of the capillary tube 12 is urged up into the capillary tube 12 and retained therein. This may be achieved through various methods. For example, capillary action, negative pressure, or compressing the skin 20 surrounding the apparatus 10 may all be utilized to urge interstitial fluid into the passageway 18 of the capillary tube 12.
A vacuum generating mechanism 70 may be provided to assist the flow of interstitial fluid into the capillary tube 12. Shown best in
The vacuum mechanism 70 includes a plunger 82 which is secured to the housing 74 to move the housing between an upper and lower position. When the collection apparatus 10′ is first placed against the skin so that a portion of the needle assembly 40′ is inserted into the dermal layer of the skin, the housing 74 is in a lower position. The plunger 82 is then pulled upward with the housing 74 correspondingly moving upward against the outer wall 72 of the vacuum mechanism 70. As the housing 74 is raised upward, the volume of the inner chamber 76 increases which decreases the pressure adjacent to the proximal end 17 of the capillary tube 12. This results in a negative pressure which provides an additional force to urge interstitial fluid into the passageway 18 of the capillary tube 12.
The spacer member 60 is also designed to improve the flow of interstitial fluid into the capillary tube 12 in addition to controlling the depth of penetration of the needle assembly 40. As shown in
In accordance with the present invention, various methods of spectrophotometric analysis may be performed on constituents in the interstitial fluid once a sample has been retained in the capillary tube 12. These measurement techniques utilize a testing light of known intensity including a wavelength absorbable by the constituent being measured which is then directed toward the constituent of the interstitial fluid. Also, a reference wavelength is preferably utilized. A light detector is provided for measuring the intensity of the testing light being spectrally modified by the constituent. Based on absorption analysis, the concentration of the constituent can then be calculated. It will be appreciated that while several methods for calculating the concentration of the constituent are disclosed herein, various other methods may be utilized which incorporate light analysis to calculate the concentration of the constituent in the interstitial fluid.
Filters 94, 95 are contained on a wheel 96 placed between the infrared source 92 and the tube 12. The filters 94, 95 filter out energy at undesirable wavelengths such that only energy at wavelengths that contain useful information is allowed to enter the tube 12. For example, filter 94 passes a glucose absorbable test wavelength (e.g., 1040 wavenumber) and filter 95 passes a reference wavelength (e.g., 960 wavenumber). The filters 94, 95 are mounted in a chopping wheel 96 which revolves about axis X—X to allow energy to pass through different filters 94, 95 at different times. The filter 94 will preferably pass light at about 1040 wavenumbers for an absorption of glucose indication. Filter 95 will pass light at 960 wavenumbers to account for shifts in transmission at the glucose absorption number (1040 wavenumber) that are not attributable to glucose.
The infrared source 92 also generates heat which evaporates off the fluid contained within the capillary tube 12. As a result, the constituents of the interstitial fluid remain as a residue deposit on the interior wall of the capillary tube 12. The filtered infrared radiation (which is of a wavelength absorbable by blood glucose or any other constituent to be measured) passes through the IR transparent capillary tube 12. Positioned on a side of the capillary tube opposite the infrared radiation source are two detectors 97, 98. One detector 98 directly opposes the infrared radiation passing through the filter wheel 96. The other detector 97 opposes and is positioned to receive infrared radiation which is passed through the capillary tube 12. A knife edge 99 is provided between the two detectors to prevent the first detector 98 from receiving radiation which is passed through the tube 12 and to prevent the second detector 97 from receiving infrared radiation directly from the source 92. Preferably, the detectors 97, 98 are slidable on the knife edge 99 so that absorption along the length of the capillary tube can be measured. The detectors 97, 98 move along the direction of arrow A in FIG. 4. Alternatively, detectors 97, 98 may be fixed and the tube 12 and needle 42 may be axially moved. Finally, detectors 97,98 and tube 12 may remain relatively fixed as long as the residue deposit in tube 12 is uniform or the entire tube is within the detectors, field of view.
The detectors 97, 98 are preferably any type of detector that can detect infrared radiation and provide a signal indicative of the amount of infrared radiation detected. The detectors 97, 98 provide the signals to a circuit 100. The circuit 100 compares the received radiation as measured by the first detector 98 at a first period in time when reference filter 95 is in place and the radiation received at a second period of time when test filter 94 is in place and the measurements are ratioed. The signal received by the second detector 97 is similarly ratioed by the circuit. The two detectors' ratios are then ratioed by each other to produce a single number which is proportional to the concentration of glucose in the interstitial fluid sample. If required, the tube 12 can be measured prior to obtaining the sample in the same manner described above. This empty tube measurement can be used to account for material and geometry variations from tube to tube. It will be appreciated that the detectors and electronics for providing such an analysis form no part of this invention per se and may be such as that shown and described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,115,133.
By way of example, let:
AB97=Energy detected by detector 97 with the absorption filter 94 between source 92 and tube 12;
REF97=Energy detected by detector 97 with the reference filter 95 between source 92 and tube 12;
AB98=Energy detected by detector 98 with the filter 94 between source 92 and detector 98; and
REF98=Energy detected by detector 98 with the filter 95 between source 92 and detector 98;
Where "TEST" indicates measurements taken through a tube 12 contain a fluid sample;
Where "START" indicates measurements taken through an empty tube 12.
With the above definitions, RatioTEST is inversely proportional to the glucose concentration in the measured sample. The relation between the ratioTEST and the concentration can be empirically measured and stored in the memory of circuit 100. With the circuit 100 receiving the readings of detectors 97,98, the ratio is easily calculated and compared to the memory to determine the concentration and provide a read-out thereof. If material or geometry variations of the tube 12 cannot be controlled, the ratio of RatioTEST/RatioSTART can, alternatively, be used to compare to the empirical data to determine blood glucose concentration.
From the foregoing, the reader will note that a preferred embodiment to the present invention includes drying of the collected sample by means of heating the capillary tube 12 with the infrared source 92 in order to evaporate the liquid from the capillary tube 12. The drying measurement provides numerous advantages. Optical measurement allows quantitative analysis of fluid volumes too small to be otherwise chemically analyzed., Also, evaporating the liquid from the tube 12 removes water which is the major energy absorber in a wet measurement system. As a result, the accuracy of the measurement is increased because there is no need to distinguish energy absorption of an analyte (for example, glucose) from IR absorption by water. Also, when performing infrared spectrometry of analytes in solution, the path length must be measured accurately or an apparent path length accurately determined.
In the event a dry method is used, it is preferable to first measure the height which the fluid achieves in the capillary tube 12. Since the capillary, tube 12 diameter is pre-determined (within manufacturing tolerances), the volume of the withdrawn fluid can be measured before driving off the fluid with heat from source 92. When the amount of glucose within tube 12 is determined through the dry technique by passing the sensors 97, 98 along the length of the tube 12, the concentration can be calculated since the volume of the fluid has been pre-measured.
In the event a wet measurement technique is desired (i.e., measuring the glucose level of the fluid without first evaporating the fluid from the tube 12), the apparatus of
As discussed previously, a variety of structures may be utilized as the collection apparatus according to the principles of the present invention. Referring now to
The proximal end of the needle 42′ includes a gripping flange 102′ which provides a handle for inserting and removing the collection apparatus 10″ from the skin 20. Flange 102′ is open at 103′ to vent capillary tube 12′. The needle 42′ includes diametrically opposing apertures 46′ for exposing a portion of the capillary tube 12′. After a sample of interstitial fluid has been collected within the capillary tube 12′, the collection apparatus 10″ is removed from the skin 20 and a testing light source (preferably transmitted through optical fibers 104′ shown in
In a wet technique, the liquid within the tube 12′ is not evaporated. Instead, infrared radiation having a wavelength absorbable by glucose is passed through the apertures as illustrated in FIG. 8. If the diameter of the tube 12 is strictly controlled and known, the actual path length of the infrared radiation is known. However, if the diameter cannot be strictly controlled, the path length can be measured through interferometry techniques. With knowledge of the actual path length, it is well within the skill of the art to determine the amount of glucose based on the absorbed infrared radiation and to account for absorption attributable to liquid within the path length.
The foregoing description identifies structure and apparatus and methods of testing which eliminate certain of the disadvantages of the prior art. With respect to prior invasive techniques, the present invention provides for collecting a sample of interstitial fluid in the dermal layer 24 of the skin utilizing a needle 42 and capillary tube 12 having a small diameter to minimize the pain of the needle penetration. Additionally, prior invasive techniques require the presence of a large concentration of blood vessels and coincidentally associated nerve endings (i.e., such as a fingertip) which increases the pain of the needle or lanset penetration. The present invention does not have these requirements since it is collecting interstitial fluid from the dermal layer 24 of the skin 20 and thus may be used on any area of the skin with minimal pain to the user. With regard to prior non-invasive techniques, the minimally invasive optical testing of the present invention provides for a more accurate reading of the glucose concentration of bodily fluids. A significant advantage is measurement of glucose in interstitial fluid rather than through tissue and whole blood. The interstitial fluid has the same glucose information, but is in a more easily tested form resulting in a more reliable measurement. Blood contains more interferents to IR glucose testing and possibly in higher concentrations than interstitial fluid (such interferents include blood cells,. cholesterol and protein).
The foregoing discussion of the present invention illustrates a collection of interstitial fluid and passing infrared light through a volume of the collected fluid (either before or after drying) in order to determine blood glucose levels. However, the collection method and apparatus of the present invention can be utilized in a variety of different embodiments for measurement of blood glucose or other fluid constituents.
With reference to
An interior surface of the cover 204 is provided with a membrane 210 covering the interior surface of the cover 204. The base 202 has a flat upper surface 212. In
Secured to the base 202 and extending axially therefrom is a needle 214. The needle 214 protrudes beyond the lower surface 206 of the base 202. The needle terminates at the upper surface 212 and flush therewith. Formed in the base 202 and exposed through the lower surface 206 is a chamber 218. The chamber surrounds the needle 214.
With the construction thus described, the cover 204 may be placed in a closed position with the membrane 210 abutting surface 212. Accordingly, the membrane 210 is also opposing the needle 214. The base lower surface 206 is urged against a patient's skin such that the needle 214 penetrates into the skin. Interstitial fluid is drawn or forced through the needle 214 resulting in a spot of the interstitial fluid being placed on the membrane 210. In this manner, a sample of interstitial fluid is collected on the membrane 210.
With the membrane 210 containing a sample of interstitial fluid, the interstitial fluid may now be tested for constituents. The testing of the sample of interstitial fluid collected on membrane 210 can be done in any number of ways. For example, the cover 204 may be pivoted to the open position shown in
In the embodiment of
The needle 214 is preferably as small as possible to avoid pain to a user. For example, needle 214 will be of a size of about 28 to 32 gauge (i.e., 0.36 millimeters outside diameter to 0.23 millimeters outside diameter) with a presently anticipated preferred size of about 29 gauge. The preferred gauge is limited by the mechanical integrity of commercially available needles. Also, while needle 214 could be sized and have a length sufficient to extend into the subcutaneous tissue and still be within the intended scope of the present invention, needle 214 will preferably be sized to penetrate into the dermis. As previously discussed, the minimum size of the needle 214 and selection of its length to penetrate into the dermis are made to minimize the possibility of contact with nerves or penetration of blood vessels.
The apparatus and method of the present invention is intended to remove interstitial fluid rather than penetrate a blood vessel and remove blood. While it is anticipated some blood may be in the interstitial fluid, it is the desire of the present invention to minimize or avoid the presence of blood being collected by the sampler. The present invention utilizes the membrane 210 which ensures a uniform thickness and absorption such that the amount of fluid collection per volume of the membrane is constant within the region of the spot on the membrane 210 at which the interstitial fluid is deposited. Also, with the present invention, the membrane 210, can be easily dried. For example, in most instances, due to the small amount of fluid being deposited on the membrane 210, the membrane will dry in ambient conditions. If desired, the membrane 210 may be subjected to any heating or blowing in order to thoroughly dry the membrane 210. Removal of water from the collected sample enhances the measurement for glucose. For example, in a paper entitled "Quantitative Analysis of Aqueous Solutions by FTIR Spectroscopy of Dry-Extract" by DuPuy et al., SPIE, Volume 1575, 8th International Conference on Fourier Transform Spectroscopy (1991), pages 501-502, the greater identifiability of the IR signature of a dry sucrose extract is shown with reference to an absorption spectrum of sucrose and water.
The spacing of the needle 214 from the walls of the base 202 by means of the cavity 218 is for the purpose of providing the surface 206 to form an annular ring surrounding the needle 214 which forces down on a patient's skin to urge interstitial fluid into the needle 214 as previously illustrated and discussed with reference to
A membrane 210′ such as the aforementioned Nylaflo (membrane 210) is secured by adhesive or mechanical connection or the like to a membrane ring 219′. The membrane ring 219′ and membrane 210′ are placed against the needle plate with the membrane 210′ opposing the needle 214′.
The membrane ring 219′ has an axial hole 221′ through which an interstitial fluid spot may be viewed after depositing of the spot on the membrane 210′ by reason of the interstitial fluid passing through the needle 214′. The membrane ring 219′ has a hole 223′ to receive the alignment pin 217′. A main housing 225′ is placed over the body 202′ with an O-ring 227′ positioned to space the spacer 202′ from the housing 225′. An additional hub 227′ is placed within the housing 225′ such that a vacuum source or the like may be applied to the hub 227′ if desired to assist in the draw of interstitial fluid up the needle 214′. It will be appreciated that the needle 214′ and membrane 210′ as well as the spacing on the needle 214′ from the walls 218′ are done for the purposes previously described.
With the construction thus described, the bottom surface 206′ of the base 202′ is placed against the patient's skin, interstitial fluid is drawn up through the needle 214′ and deposited as a spot on the membrane 210′. The membrane ring 219′ with the attached membrane 210′ may be removed and the spot tested for constituency concentrations as previously, described.
Other examples of sampling apparatus according to the present invention include a sheet of metal (e.g., a small lance having the sizing recited above with respect to the needles 214, 214′, 214″ to avoid pain and blood collection). A membrane such as the material of membranes 210, 210′, 210″ is deposited on the sheet of metal such that interstitial fluid is drawn onto the membrane through capillary wicking or similar action upon insertion of the is sheet metal into the patient's skin. A still further example includes a penetration member in the form of a split sheet of metal having a slit defined between opposing surfaces of the metal. The split sheet has the foregoing recited dimension for pain and blood avoidance. Upon insertion of the sheet into the skin, interstitial fluid is drawn into the slit. The fluid may be deposited on a membrane for IR testing.
The split sleeve penetration member is illustrated in two embodiments in
Through the foregoing detailed description of the present invention, it has been shown how the objects of the present invention have been obtained in a preferred manner. However, modifications in equivalence of the. disclosed concepts, such as those which would readily occur to one skilled in the art, are intended to be included within the scope of the claims of the present invention.
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ASHEVILLE, N.C. --- University of Tennessee at Chattanooga junior Taylor Hall (New Tazewell, Tenn.) went 11-of-11 from the free throw line in the second half, including four in the final seconds, to lead the Lady Mocs to a 72-67 win over Appalachian State Sunday afternoon at the U.S. Cellular Center. UTC advances to a Southern Conference record 14th tournament championship game.
Hall hit her first free throw after getting fouled on a layup to tie the game 43-43 with 14:50 to play. With neither team able to get out front by more than three points and two ties later, Hall drew a foul and drained two more free throws to cut ASU's advantage to 53-52 with 7:57 to play. After a missed shot by App State, Hall again drew the foul and put Chattanooga on top 54-53 just moments later.
The Mountaineers retook the lead on a jumper by Raven Gary who ended with a game-high 19 points, but another free throw, this one by sophomore Ka'Vonne Towns (Lilburn, Ga.) tied the game for the 14th time at 55-55 with 6:26 to go.
Gary would get the next five points of the game to give Appalachian State a 60-55 lead, its largest, with 5:31 remaining.
Hall hit a layup to start a 6-0 run and capped it off with her sixth and seventh free throws to put UTC back on top 61-60 with 4:05 on the clock. Junior Ashlen Dewart (Spartanburg, S.C.) hit a layup from the right side with 3:12 to play giving UTC a 63-62 lead and Chattanooga would never trail again. The Mountaineers pulled within one twice more in the game, but free throws would save the Lady Mocs who made 7-of-8 in the final 2:02 and were 22-of-27 for the game.
Chattanooga enjoyed its largest lead of the game in the first half after App State took an 18-16 lead with a jumper from Maryah Sydnor at the 8:13 mark. However, Ashlen Dewart hit a layup to tie it at 18-18 just 13 seconds later and then cap off a 10-0 run with a pair of free throws to give UTC a 26-18 lead with 5:39 to play in the half.
The Mountaineers responded with an 8-2 run to tie it up 28-28 with 2:41 to play. Chattanooga's Alicia Payne would score the only basket for either team the remainder of the half and the Lady Mocs would carry a 30-28 lead into intermission.
Hall led Chattanooga with 17 points and grabbed eight rebounds and two steals. Her 11 free throws without a miss is the second most in school history behind Shanara Hollinquest's 14-of-14 in the 2010 SoCon Tournament. It is the most made by a UTC player in the second half without a miss.
Dewart was 6-of-9 from the field and 4-of-4 from the free throw line for 16 points and had eight rebounds as well with two assists. Junior Alex Black (Memphis, Tenn.) was 3-of-3 from the free throw line and had a pair of 3-pointers for 11 points with two assists. Senior Kayla Christopher (Oliver Springs, Tenn.) added nine points on 4-of-8 shooting and senior Kylie Lambert (Etowah, Tenn.) contributed eight points with five rebounds and a team-best three assists.
The Mountaineers drop to 20-10 on the year. Gary led all scorers with 19 points and had four rebounds and four assists. She was 6-of-19 from the field but a perfect 6-of-6 from the free throw line. Courtney Freeman was one of three other ASU players in double figures with 12 points and 10 rebounds while Maryah Sydnor and Katie Mallow each contributed 10 points.
ASU shot 43.3 percent from the field (26-of-60), including five 3-pointers, and was 10-of-11 from the free throw line.
Chattanooga edged the Mountaineers 30-26 in the paint and outscored ASU 13-8 on points off turnovers capitalizing on 14 miscues. UTC outrebounded App State 35-32 and had a 7-4 advantage on second chance points with 11 offensive boards.
UTC was 23-of-54 from the field (42.6%) with four 3-pointers. The Lady Mocs, on an 18-game win streak, are 28-3 overall and advance to the SoCon Tournament Championship game Monday at 3 p.m. against second-seeded Davidson.


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The 18-year-old, who can play at centre-half of left-back, initially revealed the news via his Twitter account and Rovers have now confirmed the deal on their official website.
"Happy to say that I'm going on loan to Blackburn Rovers and be part of the team. Hope to win many games and learn for my future at Man City," said the Holland U19 international.
Rekik, who joined City's academy from Dutch side Feyenoord at the start of the 2011/12 season, has made three appearances for Roberto Mancini's side, twice in the Carling Cup and once in the Premier League, against Reading in December last year.
He spent a month on loan at Portsmouth last campaign, playing eight games.
Rekik has joined Blackburn in time to be included in their squad for Saturday's FA Cup tie against Arsenal.


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Chainlink & Tiger Lariat
Style # 214054
Give your new-season wardrobe glam exotic flare with this stunning bebe lariat, featuring a chunky chain strand and beautiful embellished tiger ornament at endsdesign. Try it wrapped around your neck or wrist.
- Metal
- Length: 43" (190 cm)
- Imported
- As seen in the April 2013 mailer
Chainlink & Tiger Lariat 1 1
My favorite Bebe accessory I love this lariat so much! It's heavy and so unique. You can wrap it in different ways to fit your outfit. Get it while its available May 5, 2013
1-1 of 1


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Christmas parades will soon be in area spotlight
It's that time of year again, when Santa saddles up in an antique auto and or a pickup truck bed, and has his little helpers handing out candy to crowds on the side of the street.
Christmas parades are right around the corner, and Sanford, Broadway, Pittsboro, Siler City, Goldston, Lillington, Carthage and Cameron are just some of the nearby cities with parades this holiday season.
Lee County
The Sanford Christmas Parade will begin at 7 p.m. Dec. 2 at the intersection of Wicker and Carthage streets. It will wind down Wicker until reaching Steele Street and then will return back along Carthage Street to the starting point. Lee County 4-H director Bill Stone will be the parade marshal.
People who want to be in the parade must sign up by Monday. It's free for school groups and youth groups, $15 for non-profits and marchers, $30 for motorized entries and $650 for businesses. For more information on the parade or to sign up, visit www.centralcarolinajcs.org/events/parade.
Gina Guerrero, president of parade host Central Carolina Jaycees, said this year's parade will be similar to those in years past but that people should expect changes next year. In 2014, she said, the parade will probably begin in downtown Sanford so that traffic getting on or off U.S. 1 along Wicker Street isn't disturbed. It will probably be held on a Friday instead of a Monday, she said, and it will definitely remain at night.
"We have one of the only (local parades) that is still at night," Guerrero said. "And we're happy to have ours at night, with all the lights."
The Broadway Parade will begin at 2 p.m. Dec. 14 in downtown Broadway, although the celebration begins at 10 a.m. at the Broadway Community Building at 111 N. Main St. The parade is being sponsored by the Broadway Optimist Club. Churches, civic groups, non-profits and other similar groups can enter for free; classic car owners have to pay $5 per vehicle, and businesses have to pay $50.
People interested in participating should sign up by Dec. 1, and to do that or learn more information about the parade, contact Connie Brown at (919) 356-6900 or visit the Facebook group, "Broadway Optimist 17th Annual Christmas Parade and Celebration."
Chatham County
The Pittsboro Christmas Parade will begin at 3 p.m. Dec. 8. It's sponsored by the town government and free to enter, but people who want to join in must apply by Dec. 4 in person at the Pittsboro Town Hall or by email, mail or fax. More information about the parade, as well as application forms and rules for participants, can be found on the town website's Parks and Recreation page or at http://bit.ly/1bDNqt3.
The Siler City Christmas Parade will begin at 7 p.m. Dec. 5 and is sponsored by the Chatham County Chamber of Commerce. The cost to participate is $10 per entry, and the deadline to apply is Dec. 2. Contact the chamber at firstname.lastname@example.com or (919) 742-3333 for more information or to apply. There will also be a Christmas tree lighting in downtown Siler City beforehand, and afterward children can visit with Santa. Both events will be in the courtyard on Chatham Avenue, where there will also be live music by The Hangout Worship Band. More information at http://bit.ly/1c3M0tp.
The Goldston Christmas Parade will begin at 11 a.m. Dec. 7 starting on Manchester Road. There's no fee to enter, but people who want to participate have to sign up by contacting Linda Harris at firstname.lastname@example.com or (919) 898-4122.
Harnett County
The Lillington Christmas Parade, sponsored by the town government, will begin at 7 p.m. Dec. 14, with a rain date of 5 p.m. Dec. 15. The deadline to apply is Nov. 29 and costs $25. Applications and more information on the parade, which will begin on 11th Street in front of Star Academy, can be found at http://www.lillingtonnc.org/special-events.asp or by calling Angel Rollins, at (910) 893-2864.
Moore County
The Carthage Christmas Parade will begin at 6 p.m. Dec. 3 starting from the Carriage Oaks Shopping Center. Applications cost $50 for businesses but are free for everyone else, and the form can be found in a grey box on the right side of the webpage www.townofcarthage.org/attractions.aspx.
The Cameron Christmas Parade will begin at 10 a.m. Dec. 14 in downtown Cameron. Megan Hall is organizing the parade, which is in its third year. She said anyone who wants to participate is welcome, but that she would ask people who plan to participate to call her ahead of time at (336) 345-3493 so she can let authorities know how big it's going to be. After the parade, there will be refreshments and Santa at the Cameron Baptist Church fellowship hall.


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458 Italia, cars, CDA, Coeur D'Alene, Dino, Exotics, Ferrari, girl, life, local, McLaren, MP4-12C, super cars, Video
I've never had enough patience for a few things when it comes to blogging. Among them are editing photos and almost ANYTHING to do with videos.
I love a great video with a great edit, but it just wasn't for me. It is insanely time consuming, if you didn't know, and I just couldn't handle it. So even though I have a GoPro, it's not really used all that much.
But then, Instagram came out with a video feature. And I found out that it means pretty much anybody can make a quick 15 second video that looks like a beautiful edit that took forever…. But it takes minutes.
I finally got to play with the feature when I went to a gathering of Ferraris, plus two McLaren MP4-12C's. I had a TON of fun doing it, too, and love the results!
I think you can finally expect to see some quick video clips from me…. It really is fun. Finally. ;)
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« Exit photo gallery
The Day in Photos, Dec. 11
The top photographs of Tuesday, Dec. 11.
Presidential Inaugural Committee CEO Stephen Kerrigan, Sen. Chuck Schumer, Chairman of the Joint Congressional Committee on Inaugural Ceremonies and Senator Lamar Alexander (R-Tenn.) Co-Chairman of the Joint Congressional Committee on Inaugural Ceremonies during a media availability at the inauguration platform on Dec. 11.(Photo: John Shinkle/POLITICO)
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Introduced in 2003. Fragrance notes: a fresh and fruity blend of sweet spice and woods. Recommended use: daytime.When applying any fragrance please consider that there are several factors which can affect the natural smell of your skin and, in turn, the way a scent smells on you. For instance, your mood, stress level, age, body chemistry, diet, and current medications may all alter the scents you wear. Similarly, factor such as dry or oily skin can even affect the amount of time a fragrance will last after being applied
This brilliant creation highlights top notes of Italian bergamot and leafy green nuances. Ripe red berries and juicy tangerine blends with sun-ripened plum for a unique distinction. This luminous aroma is enhanced with undertones of warm sandalwood, creamy vanilla and is touched with sensual musk.
Barefoot shoes are one of those products that is a total hit or miss. My feet are weird so shoes generally don't agree with me. This was not the case with the Sketchers GObionic shoes. The toe box was wide enough to fit my feet and allowed for plenty of movement. It was just like walking or running in bare feet with just a little bit of cushion added.
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The flexibility of the shoe is amazing, you could actually see when I pointed and flexed my foot. I am very happy with these shoes and they are very comfortable. The best part is that I can walk and run comfortably in both. The Skechers GObionic is a 0mm drop.
LOVELY by Sarah Jessica Parker ♥ Perfume Review
A shoe review : Allen Edmonds "Park Avenue" Cap-Toe Oxfords. A classic AND classy shoe made by one of the few remaining companies which still make men's dress footwear in America.
From allenedmonds.com: "Whether it's the timeless architecture of New York's dramatic Chrysler Building or the boundless utility of a Swiss Army Knife, you just can't improve upon some ideas. For that same reason we celebrated the 30th Anniversary of the sleek design of our Park Avenue in 2010, continually one of Allen Edmonds' best sellers and the Inauguration Day footwear choice for Presidents Reagan, H.W. Bush, Clinton and G.W. Bush. Guaranteed to make a dramatic impression, this cap-toe balmoral combines a classic silhouette with unsurpassed craftsmanship to convey the serious presence necessary for anyone who leads by example and ensures the Park Avenue will perfectly suit all the most important moments in your life."
My Top 5 Men's Fragrance
Tom Ford Azure Lime
Chanel Allure Homme Sport
YSL L'Homme
Creed Erolfa
Comme des Garçon Wonderwood
This is a review of the cheap but good scent Voyage from Nautica. Please comment down below your SOTD
Nautica Voyage Cologne Review
PRODUCTS SHOWN IN THIS VIDEO (How many times can someone say 'gorgeous' in one video!!??)
TOP 10 FRAGRANCES SHOWN IN THIS VIDEO (Descriptions from fragrantica.com)
10. Roberto Cavalli Roberto Cavalli Eau de Parfum
Intense oriental – floral and is based on notes of orange blossom, symbolizing Italian femininity, sensuality and extravagance. There are also ambery – oriental nuances of benzoin, pink pepper, tonka and vanilla
9. Estee Lauder Beautiful Eau de Parfum
This is a romantic light bouquet of a thousand flowers, combined with fresh citrusy notes in the top and warm woodsy notes in the base. The top notes include rose, mandarina, lily, tuberose and marygold. The intensive floral heart is sweet, consists of orange flower, jasmine and ylang-ylang. The base notes are warm and elegant, include sandalwood and vetiver.
8. Donna Karan Cashmere Mist Eau de Toilette
The real cashmere essence is in the base of this warm and sensual fragrance. The perfume is gentle and powdery, with warm, woody notes. The main notes are Moroccan jasmine, lily, bergamot, sandalwood, amber and musk.
7. Jean Patou Joy Eau de Toilette
Intense and luscious with alluring floral composition, JOY was created by Henri Alméras, who made its top notes irresistibly delightful. The composition starts with fragrant jilt tuberose, luscious rose, ylang-ylang blossom, aldehydes, sweet and mouthwatering pear, and green notes. The heart beats passionately in pure and sweetly fresh jasmine notes, seductive and balmy spicy and darkened iris root. The base whiffs with sensual musk, warm and milky-powdery sandalwood, with mild musky civet tones.
6. Versace Crystal Noir Eau de Parfum
a rare essence, sensual and delicate. The central note of the composition is mysterious gardenia, fresh, sensual, luminous and creamy, reproduced by 'headspace' technology,. Amber and musk in the base make the scent dark and mysterious, very sensual and distinct.
5. Giorgio Armani Gio Eau de Parfum (available in Europe / online / discontinued – conflicting stories online!! )
Aromatic, Floral, Fruity. Designed by Giorgio Armani in 1992, Gio is a luxurious, floral fragrance. It's fragrant nature explores essences of mandarin, jasmine, rose, orange blossom and gardenia. Blended with notes of ylang-ylang, sandalwood, vanilla, peach and amber, Gio is a romantic type of fragrance.
4. Chanel Coco Eau de Parfum
Coco by Chanel is a Oriental Spicy fragrance for women. The nose behind this fragrance is Jacques Polge. Top notes are coriander, pomegranate blossom, mandarin orange, peach, jasmine and bulgarian rose; middle notes are mimose, cloves, orange blossom, clover and rose; base notes are labdanum, amber, sandalwood, tonka bean, opoponax, civet and vanilla.
3. Chanel Allure Eau de Parfum
Like all Chanel perfumes, Allure has a rich and complex composition. Fresh and citrusy at the beginning, it opens in lavishing floral heart to wooden and vanilla nuances and leaves lingering and fickle scent. It is best to describe it by the various accords it possesses:
Fresh: lemon and bergamot
Fruity: mandarin and peach
Classical floral: the rose of May, jasmine, water lily, peony, magnolia, orange blossom
Woody: sandalwood and vetiver
Oriental: vanilla
2. Tom Ford Violet Blond Eau de Parfum
Violet Blonde, glamorous and sophisticated, opens with violet leaf, Italian mandarin and pink pepper. The centerpiece of the composition consists of Tuscan iris absolute, Tuscan orris butter, Sambac jasmine and sampaquita. The base is home to elegant and sophisticated tones of musk, suede, cedar, vetiver and benzoin.
1. Guerlain Insolence Eau de Parfum
There is a delicate and soft violet waiting for you in the top notes, followed by red-fruits cocktail with raspberry domination. The heart is floral-sweet, composed of violet, rose, and orange blossom. At the end, sweet raisins and balsams together have joined iris and Tonka bean to round the composition
Hey guys!
Whats up! Here i am with my first video.Im super exited. And i hope you like it.Also please please please tell me in the comment below what do you want met to do in my next video.It can be hair tutorial,or makeup tutorial,or fashion advices… anything you want.Just tell me in the COMMENT BELOW.Also dont forget to give this video thumbs up and plase subscribe my channel for more videos.
Here is a some advices on how to stay sexy not stank while wearing the fall trend skinny jeans or jeggings.
Experiement with your body type and have fun. Smooches!!
For more pics of the this and other looks visit my photo gallery and blog: www.beautifuldaymua.webs.com
Follow me on Twitter:
beautifuldaymua makeup make up make-up tutorials reviews haul artist BBW plus size MAC Almay Hard Candy Palette MAC Revlon Maybelliene mocha makeup black makeup african american makeup makeup make up make-up tutorials reviews artist BBW plus size MAC Urban Decay african american makeup Maccosmetics Sephora Chanel NARS CoastalScents Nicki Minaj Tiny And Toya Demi Lovato Oprah Rihanna Beyonce Keyshia Cole QueenofBlendingMUA Kelly Roland Stila Craigslist KimKardashian Susan Boyle Hello Kitty Paris Hilton selena Gomez House Wives of Atlanta Kittens Babies


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As promised, here is one of my past columns that featured my cousin Elizabeth. One of our favorite pastimes in our younger days. This is reprint from the Daily Freeman-Journal on Aug. 3, 2011.
"What are you guys doing?"
"Are you sure?"
"Yep, we aren't doing anything bad, promise!"
During the summers of my youth, I spent much of my time with the neighborhood gang. A rag-tag combination of friends and cousins that patrolled the blocks of Bank and Water Streets on our bikes. We'd play capture the flag until darkness took over, and held Super Mario championships like it was our job. But every once in a while, the group split off and the girls would have time for the "pink stuff" – you know, dolls, diaries and books.
Sure, we spent loads of time reading "Sweet Valley Twins" and "The Baby-Sitters Club" series, but when we read books together, we looked for more advanced material. We found that easily in the form of women's romance novels. Preferably of the Harlequin variety.
My cousin Elizabeth and I would sneak off to her bedroom with a few of our hidden finds and start reading. We weren't looking for characterization, heavy plot lines or themes – just for the quite obvious.
We wanted a juicy cover. Especially if it was the artistically drawn Fabio on the front of the paperback novel – with his blond flowing mane, tan skin and protruding pectorals. Fabio's eyes were always diverted and stormy – while he clung to a ship, horse or laid back on a green meadow. His clothing was always a bit too tight, and that was fine with us.
We'd laugh, pretend we were him, lowering our voices to give him life:
"Come on, baby, give me a kiss!"
"I'm a manly beast," we'd say in our best Arnold Schwarzenegger impressions.
The woman was always secondary – but comic fodder nonetheless. Her flowing hair was usually ridiculous – hairsprayed and teased within an inch of its life. And her poor dress was always falling off. The female lead never seemed to get a grasp on correct sewing, and managed to always look dippy, helpless and pathetic.
"Help me, Fabio, my dress accidentally ripped again," we'd say in high-pitched Minnie Mouse-inspired voices. "I'm going to faint, I'm so delicate."
Elizabeth and I would take turns holding the book as we became voice actors for the dime novel, while the other would hold their stomach, painful from laughter.
After dishing it out for the dramatic cover, we'd start on the inside of the book. We never actually read all of it, just the stuff that counted. It was amazing to us that every book was constructed in almost the same way. There were usually three or four juicy parts and if you opened each Harlequin novel in about the same place – you'd eventually find the wanted section.
We'd find the two or three pages of romance, and hyena-laugh ensued all the way through. Each of us would start to read it out loud, but find that we'd fail, whispering the forbidden words in an effort not to die of embarrassment.
The writing was really an exercise in adjectives and adverbs. "He hoarsely declared his love." "Ralph's bulging biceps dripped with beads of sweat." Good grief.
Becoming bored with the novels, we'd soon stumble off to find out what the boys were doing. Most likely playing outdoors, and we'd quickly forget about our amusing readings.
But when I see the books at supermarkets or stores nowadays – I always laugh, and usually take a peek inside. Nothing much has changed, with the book's content or my instant ability to crack up.
Immaturity is a glorious thing.


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Bossard Ties Career High
Hawks still searching for win
- Release Date:
- January 22, 2010
- Contact:
- The Office of Sports Information
- (716) 649-7900 ext. 333
BRADFORD, PA: Sophomore forward Julie Bossard (Arkport, NY/ Canisteo-Greenwood ) tied her career high, 16 points, in last night's 35-71 loss to Pitt-Bradford. The last time Bossard recorded 16 points was on November 30, 2008, in a 49-81 loss to RIT. Bossard's career high however was not enough to get the Hawks their first win of the season. The loss drops their record to 0-16 overall and 0-11 in the conference.
The Hawks struggled offensively in the first period of play trailing, 14-42 at the half.
Second half efforts by Hilbert created a more even match up as the Hawks were only out scored 29-21.
The panthers were led by Taylor Lubi who scored 17 points and grabbed 11 rebounds in just 19 minutes of play. Bradford evens their record at 6-6 in the AMCC with the victory.
The Hawks will travel once more this week as they take on La Roche College. The game is scheduled for a 1 pm start on Saturday, January 23.
Hilbert College, located in suburban Hamburg, N.Y., south of Buffalo, is a private four-year college founded in 1957 in the Catholic Franciscan tradition. With nearly 1,100 students, Hilbert is a dynamic Western New York college that offers career-focused majors, including one of the top criminal justice programs in the region, and more than 50 minors and concentrations. The college's engaging, student-centered campus community offers numerous leadership, internship, and service learning opportunities from which students launch successful careers while making positive changes in their communities. The Hilbert Blueprint promotes a well-rounded student experience over four years – starting with the Foundations Seminar in the freshman year, followed by Sophomore Service, Junior Symposium, and culminating with the Senior Capstone. Hilbert has expanded its academic offerings with the college's first graduate programs and new Accelerated Degree Programs geared to adult learners.
Upcoming Events
- First Year Student Orientation
- Aug 14, 2015
- Summer Session A2 Ends
- Aug 21, 2015
- First Year Student Orientation
- Aug 28, 2015


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text: We love dogs, so we've been baking fresh, premium dog food and treats since we opened the world's first bakery for dogs in 1989. We use only the best quality, wholesome ingredients to keep your dog happy and healthy. Let Three Dog Bakery help you find the best all-natural, nutritious treats to show you love your dog. That's why dogs love us, too!


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Wilson 12" Youth Josh Hamilton A450 Series Glove
Product Information:
Help your future All-Star play like a pro with the Wilson® A450™ Series Glove. Inspired by Josh Hamilton with a Pro Laced T-Web, the 12" A450™ Glove is game-ready for developing players. The 12" Hamilton Youth Glove features a lightweight and flexible pigskin leather shell that allows players to close their glove and control the ball with ease. Dual Welting™ increases pocket stability and allows for faster break-in.
** Learn more about Glove Steam-Fitting Services available at select DICK's Sporting Goods locations **
- Game-ready glove with pro-inspired pattern for aspiring youth athlete
- Full-leather pigskin shell is lightweight and flexible for easier closure
- Dual Welting™ increases pocket stability and allows for faster break-in
- Based on same look, fit and pattern of the glove used by MLB® outfielder, Josh Hamilton
- Conventional open back
- Wilson
- Size: 12"
- Age: Youth
- Sport: Baseball
- Position(s): Outfielder, Pitcher
- Web: Pro Laced T-Web
- Series: A450®
- Model: A0450BBJH32
Country of Origin: ChinaWeb ID: 23506206
Customer Reviews:
Rated 3 out of 5�by 2 reviewers.
Rated 1 out of 5�by kharbert garbage This glove is sooo poorly made ... we returned it as soon we received it. My sons old glove that was cheaper was a much better quality... there is barely any real leather in the glove May 18, 2014
Rated 5 out of 5�by Cfournie2 SWAGGY This outfielders mitt is so cool I love it mazing fantastic April 15, 2015
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Driving Rehabilitation is a specialty program offered by Palmetto Health Geriatric Research Division. There is no question that safe driving techniques require fast, effective and proficient use of the body and mind. Community Mobility is an important means of independence. A driving evaluation is an in-depth Occupational Therapy assessment to evaluate the client's cognitive, visual and physical abilities performed in the clinic and behind the wheel of an evaluation vehicle. The goal of the Driving Rehabilitation program is to help client safely maintain their driving independence for as long as possible.
An Occupational Therapist (OT) will perform the evaluation and assess the client's ability to continue to drive safely in the community, their driving performance in everyday traffic situations, assess for driving equipment in the car, and safe practice in an adapted vehicle with dual controls. The OT will make recommendations for equipment needs such as mirrors, hand controls, spinner knobs, etc if necessary for the client to continue to drive independently and safely. The occupational therapist may need to assist the client with finding a different route which is safer for the client to drive in order to get to their destination safely. At the end of the evaluation the therapist will meet with the client/family and discuss the driving recommendations, possible therapy or training needs or discuss alternate means of transportation.
A physician referral and a valid driver's license or permit is needed to perform the evaluation. The therapist will send the referring physician the completed evaluation with the driving recommendations. A client might be recommended to receive therapy to increase range of motion, strength, improve cognition, increase reaction times, increase visual processing or scanning skills to improve their driving skills safely, or the client may need training to use adaptive equipment safely prior to driving independently with the equipment. Each recommendation is based on the client's performance from the clinic and behind the wheel assessment.
For more information, please contact:
Stephanie Scharf
(803) 434-1448


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Abortion may have affected you in ways you had not anticipated.
We listen. We help. We inform.
Some women feel relief after an abortion, while others experience strong negative disturbances. If you find yourself feeling distress after abortion, contact us today.
Men do suffer after abortion, regardless of the level of involvement in the abortion decision. If you are struggling with a past abortion decision, help is available.
We have been providing help for post abortion recovery for more than 25 years. Peer counselling services are free and confidential. Contact us today.


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Thursday, April 4, 2013
The Pinewood Prep baseball team made it into bracket play for the annual Hanahan Invitational Tournament, but was pitted against one of the hottest teams in the tournament.
The Panthers opened the tournament with a 3-2 win over Saint Rita High of Illinois. Pinewood pitcher John McMicking only surrendered three hits and did not allow a single earned run in a complete-game effort.
"John battled on the mound," Pinewood coach Phil Tobin said. "He gave us a performance that was better than I could have asked for. That team came out today and scored 10 runs against a good Ashley Ridge team so that shows the quality of pitching he gave us."
Johnny O'Shaughnessy had the key hit that drove in two runs in the seventh inning.
"We showed something we haven't shown all season and that is the ability to come back late in a ball game," Tobin said. "We had a couple of quality at bats near the end and put some base runners on and good things happen when you can do that. I was very pleased with our effort Monday and that was the kind of ball game we needed to play."
On Tuesday the Panthers lost a tight game, falling 2-1 to Cox High of Virginia.
"That was a good baseball game against a good team," Tobin said. "Their pitchers threw the ball well. They got first-pitch strikes and threw us off balance. We didn't put the ball in play enough and when you don't do that it is hard to score runs."
Cox went up 2-0 early in the game, but Pinewood cut the lead in half in the fourth inning. Joel Roberts singled and moved to second on a passed ball. Then JD Waite singled to drive him in.
Waite, who has struggled with an injury this season, came into the game in relief and shut down the Cox batters in the final two innings. He fanned five batters while surrendering no hits and no walks.
Pinewood put runners on base in both the sixth and seventh innings but couldn't push them across. With two runners on base in the seventh, Hayden Heflin hit a shallow line drive just inside the right-field line. Unfortunately for the Panthers, the Cox right fielder was playing up and over and caught the ball to end the game.
Because they only gave up four runs in their first two games, the Panthers had the opportunity to participate in bracket play for the tournament. But in quarterfinals Wednesday they faced Summerville, which outscored its opponents this week 49-9 to advance to Friday's tournament championship game.
Summerville defeated Pinewood 12-0. Freshman hurler Sawyer Bridges pitched a one-hitter, fanning six Panther batters in five innings before the game was called due to the 10-run mercy rule. Bridges only walked two batters and hit one other with a pitch.
Roberts had the sole Panther hit.
It wasn't the ideal ending for Pinewood, but Tobin says he got what he wanted out of the tournament.
"You hope to play very close ball games against very good competition that will get you ready for your final stretch of the season," he said. "Six of our last seven games are region games and I think this tournament showed us kind of where we stand and what we need to do to continue to get better."
The Panthers have a 9-6 record and only one loss in their region. Waite's return to the pitching staff should make them a more complete team.
"Tuesday was the first time he has been on the mound this season and it was a big lift for our team," Tobin said. "He threw the ball better than we expected and if we have him for this final stretch it will increase our chances."
Contact Roger Lee @ 873-9424 ext. 213 or email@example.com
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Drug Policy Alliance Blog
In the past few weeks, violence in the western Mexican state of Michoacán has been rapidly escalating. The government's inability to deal with the powerful cartels has led to citizens taking the law into their... Read More
As I prepare to celebrate Dr. Martin Luther King's birthday for yet another year, I am forced to reconcile my belief in and hope for the realization of a Beloved Community with the current economic and social realities... Read More
Democratic and Republican insiders are saying that marijuana law reform may decide the Florida governor's race, according to a recent Bloomberg report. As activists in Florida work on a ballot initiative that would... Read More
Right now, a conviction for marijuana possession in Washington, D.C. can lead to six months in jail and a $1000 fine. But soon, the penalty may be as little as a $25 ticket. That's because today, the Council of the... Read More
(CNN) -- Retail stores across Colorado sold nonmedical marijuana to adults for the first time [last] Wednesday. As someone who has worked on reforming marijuana laws for nearly three years, I decided to take part as a... Read More
This week, news spread nationwide that New York Gov. Andrew Cuomo will bypass the state legislature to enact a 35 year-old law to bring medical marijuana to suffering New Yorkers. It is a bold and innovative step that shows... Read More
On New Year's Eve, a federal judge dealt a blow to the war on America's poor before ringing in 2014. Judge Mary S. Scriven of the U.S. District Court in Orlando deemed Florida's law requiring welfare... Read More
David Brooks is welcome to reminisce about how he once embarrassed himself while high and moved on to other interests but this is irrelevant to the broader debate about marijuana prohibition. As Maria McFarland Sá... Read More
2013 was a landmark year in unraveling the disastrous war on drugs. We reached the tipping point on legalizing marijuana for adults. Attorney General Holder denounced the mandatory minimum sentences for low-level drug... Read More
The drug war is full of racism and hypocrisy. It's hard to argue against that reality. People intoxicate themselves, both illegally and legally, at much the same rates across racial lines. Similarly, the drug trade is... Read More


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Celebrity Central / Top 25 Celebs
Johnny Depp
Credit: Bill Davila/Startraks
Published: Friday February 22, 2013 06:00 AM EST
More from PEOPLE
Latest News!
- Your Favorite YouTube Ladies Are Going on Tour Together
- Read the Cover Story: Inside Blake & Miranda's Shocking Split
- Bow Down! Here's What You Need to Know About Vine Star Zach King (And Secrets of His Incredible Illusionist Videos)
- 'We're from out of Town:' 11 Things You Didn't Know About National Lampoon's Vacation
- FROM EW: Zayn Malik Signs with RCA, Says He Left One Direction to 'Show You Who I Really Am'


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ShareFile Brings Enterprise-Level Continuous Synchronization to Businesses
ShareFile Surpasses Two Million Users and Adds New Capabilities
With its user base currently exceeding two million, ShareFile today announces Enterprise Sync, an extension of its business-centric synchronization tool that empowers small and medium sized businesses (SMBs) with server-based capabilities including robust scheduling and reporting. Such capabilities help to free up IT resources and allows them to focus on more critical functions required by the business. Powered by the same core technology as ShareFile Desktop Sync, Enterprise Sync not only provides companies with the ability to continuously synchronize files and folders, it also offers granular scheduling, tracking, logging and notification options that are more suited to enterprises' complex file/folder infrastructure.
Key Facts:
Flexible: Enterprise Sync offers flexibility for scheduling sync jobs to run continuously or to run at specific times, dates, and time intervals based on business requirements. One-way synchronization can be configured if for security reasons two-way synchronization is not called for. Different sync jobs can also be associated with different users' accounts.
Multi-Platform: Enterprise Sync can be run on desktop or laptop computers but is also optimized to run as a service on Windows or Linux servers. Automation and Visibility: Administrators can view detailed logs about the status of synchronized folders and files and they can configure email notifications and run custom reports of upload/download activity.
Enterprise Sync supports Windows, Mac and Linux and is available for ShareFile Enterprise and Enterprise Gold customers.
Jesse Lipson, Chief Executive Officer, ShareFile:
"We're proud to announce that our user base has grown beyond two million, an important milestone for us in a year when we expect our exponential growth to continue. As a business-focused service that does not offer 'freemium products,' crossing two million users shows that ShareFile has gained some significant traction in our market."
"We are ready to move to the next level of business file sharing by providing SMBs with enterprise-level file synchronization. With more complex file sharing needs than consumers, our business customers have requested advanced functionality like the ability to run our sync tools on their file servers, as well as one-way sync and the ability to schedule and track file synchronization jobs on a granular level. We are very excited today to be able to provide a truly business-class file synchronization tool to our customers."
Citrix and ShareFile are trademarks of Citrix Systems, Inc. or a subsidiary thereof, registered in the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office and other countries. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners.


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Turkish Airlines named "Best Airline Europe", "Best Premium Economy Seats" and "Best Airline Southern Europe" by Skytrax.
One of the fastest growing airline company, Turkish Airlines received several awards by Skytrax which is known as "Passengers Choice Awards" and marked its name in the world aviation industry. According to the results of the evaluation 2011, Turkish Airlines has been chosen as the winner of the 3 categories, Turkish Airlines has been also named as the winner of the categories, "Best Premium Economy Seats" and "Best Airline Southern Europe" by Skytrax.
During the 10 month survey period, 18.8 million airline customers from over 100 different nationalities participated in this customer satisfaction survey.
The Skytrax World Airline Awards Ceremony took place in Paris, France and the award was handed over to Turkish Airlines' General Manager Temel Kotil Ph.D. by the CEO of Skytrax, Edward Plaisted.
Turkish Airlines wins the "Market Leadership Award 2011" by Air Transport World.
Turkish Airlines has also received the "Market Leadership Award 2011" by Air Transport World, the leading monthly magazine covering the global airline industry. Air Transport World (ATW) Airline Industry Achievement Awards, is the longest running and most respected airline industry awards event. These awards go to airlines that have distinguished themselves through outstanding performance, innovation, and service.


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McFarlane Toys is proud to announce another in our ongoing series of stadium promotions.
The NBA's Orlando Magic will be giving away McFarlane Toys 3-inch Steve Francis figures to the first 5,000 fans through the gates for the Feb. 13, 2005 home game against the New Orleans Hornets.
This Steve Francis giveaway will be the first for the team. The Magic will be honoring the league's history with a Hardwood Classics night. Francis and the team will be wearing throwback jerseys from the 1994-95 season, the first season the team made the NBA finals. The McFarlane Toys Francis figure will also be wearing the Hardwood Classics jersey from that night.
Gametime is 6 p.m. and doors open at 5 p.m. Tickets go on sale for this game Oct. 1 and are available on ticketmaster.com or by calling 1800-4NBATIX. We'll have photos of the figure and more information on spawn.com in the coming weeks.


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Viewers: in countries Watching now:
In Outlook 2010 Power Shortcuts, author David Diskin shares an assortment of time-saving tips and tricks to maximize efficiency and productivity in Outlook 2010. The course covers tips for organizing and sending email, working with tasks, scheduling appointments, and maintaining contact lists. Also included are tutorials on email etiquette, Outlook customization, and much more. A quick reference guide to shortcut keys accompanies the course.
Hi! I'm David Diskin, Certified Master of Microsoft Office, and welcome to Microsoft Outlook 2010 Power Shortcuts. This course is for users who already have some knowledge of Outlook and are ready to discover how to make the most out of this powerful program. Here is a glimpse of what I'll be covering in this course. First, my top 10 tips. These are the tricks I can't live without and are definitely going to save you some time. Then I'll demonstrate how to better organize your e-mail and keep your head above water, despite all the e-mails we receive throughout the day.
Next, I'll give you a variety of ways to improve something we take for granted: writing e-mails. I'm not just talking about hitting Send; I'll show you how to conduct a poll via e-mail, set up multiple signatures, and make your e-mails look great to increase their readership. I'll round out the course by covering Tasks, Appointments, and miscellaneous tips, including keyboard shortcuts, the Category feature, and a little schooling on how to follow proper netiquette when composing e-mails. So get comfortable and come with me as I show you over 100 power shortcuts in Outlook 2010.
There are currently no FAQs about Outlook 2010 Power Shortcuts.
Access exercise files from a button right under the course name.
Search within course videos and transcripts, and jump right to the results.
Remove icons showing you already watched videos if you want to start over.
Make the video wide, narrow, full-screen, or pop the player out of the page into its own window.
Click on text in the transcript to jump to that spot in the video. As the video plays, the relevant spot in the transcript will be highlighted.


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A personal injury collision occurred at approximately 6:52 a.m. on US70 about one mile west of Boswell in Choctaw County resulting the injury of Mica Nickole Griffith of Antlers.
The 19 year-old white female from Antlers was airlifted to Parkland Hospital in Dallas, TX., in fair condition with head and trunk internal injuries.
What happened was a 1995 Jeep SUV, driven by Linda Kay Woodbright of Boswell, was headed westbound when the 2007 Chevy 2 door, driven by Griffith, was headed eastbound when she traveled left of center and struck the Jeep head-on.
Woodbright, a 59 year-old white female, was treated for minor trunk and internal injuries at the Medical Center of Southeastern Oklahoma Hospital in Durant and was released. No passengers were in either vehicle.
The condition of the driver was apparently normal and with no adverse weather conditions, the cause of the collision is Griffith going left of center.
This collision was investigated by Oklahoma Highway Patrol Trooper Eric Blades #209 of the Choctaw-Pushmataha County Detachment.


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Lords of the Fallen developer to announce new game at E3 2015
Game Publisher Focus Home Interactive has revealed that Deck 13, developers of Lords of the Fallen, and Larian Studios,... Read More
Game Publisher Focus Home Interactive has revealed that Deck 13, developers of Lords of the Fallen, and Larian Studios,... Read More
Larian Studios has been working hard since Divinity: Original Sin's release. They've been doing everything they can... Read More
Divinity: Original Sin, an upcoming co-op fantasy RPG from Larian Studios, has been delayed. Don't worry, it's not... Read More
Only 3,000 English-language Divinity: Original Sin Collector's Editions have been made. Of that, only 1,500... Read More
Divinity: Original Sin, the crowdfunded the RPG which has been available on Steam through the Early Access... Read More
Divinity: Original Sin has shed its Alpha label and is now officially in beta. So what does this mean exactly? Well,... Read More
If you're a fan of the Divinity franchise, been playing the Kickstarter version, or have bought the game via early... Read More
New methods are regularly being devised to provide independent game developers with the funds needed to realize their... Read More
Divinity: Original Sin, the crowdfunded RPG which was pledged close to $1 million dollars through Kickstarter, is now... Read More
Larian Studios' upcoming RPG Divinity: Original Sin has reached an impressive stretch goal. For hitting $500,000 in... Read More
Developer Larian Studios has reached its Kickstarter goal for Divinity: Original Sin. Over 9,000 backers helped the upcoming... Read More
Developer Larian Studios just recently launched a Kickstarter campaign for its upcoming turn-based RPG Divinity: Original... Read More
Larian Studios developing the 'mother of all RPGs' Read More


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- Cubs sweep the Brewers 5:13pm Aug 01
- Home Runs Continue to Hurt Brewers fall to Cubs 4-2 9:34pm Jul 31
- Brewers Offense Continues to Struggle lose to Cubs 4-1 10:35pm Jul 30
- Brewers give up runs late, lose to Cubs 5-2 10:19pm
- T-Rats win fifth straight 5:48am Jul 29
- Brewers lose to Giants, 5-0 5:53pm
Skyscanner surveyed more than 700 travelers to find out what they've forgotten in their haste to deplane. While most items…
posted by The Good Neighbor 2 days ago
posted by Philcast 3 days ago
Training camp will start this morning for the Packers. Packers head coach Mike McCarthy met with the media on Wednesday.…
posted by Alex Solsma 3 days ago


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Join us for this month's technical meeting where Suresh Swaminathan will present on Global Trends in Group V Base Oils.
Join us for this month's meeting, which will feature two presentations: Alkylated Napthalenes as High Performance Synthetic Fluids; and PAOs.
Join the Seattle Section for our monthly technical meeting - where Alan McFadin and Chuck Sheldon will present 2016 Fuel Economy Specs.


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When it finds the most relevant sites to your query, Google also tries to filter adult sites, especially for general queries. There's a good reason for that: unless your query is explicit, you may not want to see adult sites in search results. Google also filters explicit words from Google Suggest or from related searches.
But not if you use Google China. Here are the related searches for girl at google.com:
If you search for girl at Google China and scroll down to the bottom you'll see different related searches:
Crack at google.com:
Suggestions for the query crack (Google China):
And here's something more language-independent:
So the question would be: why is it acceptable to show these queries in China and not at google.com?
April 4, 2007
Google China's Unfiltered Related Searches
This blog is not affiliated with Google.


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Talk to someone who has been on a Compassion sponsor tour and you'll hear all about stuff like this,
and stuff like this,
Should I visit my sponsored child?
But you won't hear about this – the Customs Declaration form.
Not once did I read a blog post from Uganda about this thing. And boy howdy is this form painful.
Name, country of birth, nationality. Easy.
Main Destination in Mexico? Uh … do I put the hotel address or just the city? Which hotel the one I'm staying at for two days or the one I'm staying at for three days?
City? No problem, if it's seven letters or less. So Colorado Springs becomes C-o-l-o-r-a-d. Nice.
Passport number. I have nine digits but 10 spaces. Is that normal? Did I do something wrong?
Do I need to fill out the stuff below the perforation? It's the same as the stuff above the perforation. Why is the form perforated? What happens if I accidentally detach the two perforated parts from one another? Does one part then have to pay perforation support to the other?
And how do I answer this question?
"Are you carrying: live animals, food products of animal or vegetable origin, plants, flowers, fruits; chemical, pharmaceutical or biological products of agricultural use?"
Yes or no.
What's the intent behind that question? Do they want to know about my airline peanuts? Is a nut just a nut or is it also a fruit? A vegetable maybe?
What about my energy bar? It's technically food, and it's definitely a food product, but do they want to know all about my packaged food products or just if I'm bringing in fresh stuff.
I know this isn't stuff you really expected to hear about. It doesn't bring you any closer to your sponsored child, but it's all the stuff that we've done so far.
Other than eating at Pappadeux in the Houston airport, taking a few pictures while we waited for our delayed flight and getting poked in the nipple by a flight attendant because I didn't turn my cell phone off quickly enough.
I told you I'd bring you along. Hope you like the "traveling face" of a sponsor tour.


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Drinking the Bottom Shelf: Schlitz Classic 1960s Formula
I was quite excited when I heard that the Pabst Brewing Company was fixing to replace the stuff I'd been drinking with a re-creation of the original Schlitz formula. I grabbed the new-old Schlitz and also a few other beers of its kind, so as to conduct the blind tasting that would finally prove that my preference wasn't based on packaging, euphony, or false nostalgia. More