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|By Jeffry Houser
Article Rating:
|July 14, 2004 12:00 AM EDT
Developers each have their own approach to development. You may not know it, but you have one too. Having a set methodology allows you to sit back down at a project somewhere down the line and know what is going on immediately. Maintenance of the application is more cost effective. This article gives you an overview of the basic software development process, discusses what methodologies and frameworks are, and goes into some details on the methodology that I use in my own everyday development.
I have heard it said that the success of any software project occurs before a single line of code is ever written. Accordingly, we'll start our review by talking about the full software development life cycle. There are a few different models of software development, but they all contain similar elements, or phases.
These are the eight main phases:
- Requirements: In the requirements phase, the client (software program user, your boss, whoever) defines some problem that they want to solve. You, as the programmer, will talk to the client about what they need a program to do. I like to think of the requirements phase as one where the client says, "This is what I want." In an ideal world, the client's request will be completely documented before I have to meet with them. Realistically, that rarely happens. This phase usually consists of multiple meetings with a client, project manager, or boss.
- Specification: The specification phase comes after the requirements phase. Here we tell the client what we're going to do for them to solve their problem, as defined in the requirements phase. If we've done our job correctly, the requirements and specifications will sync up and all will be well in the world. I like to document both of these phases pretty heavily, and if possible have the client sign off on appropriate documentation.
- Design: With the approval of a specification document, you can start your software design. You map out the flow of the program, mock up an interface (or rapid prototype), design the database, and flush out any business requirements not defined in the specifications.
- Implementation: After you have the design all set, you can sit down and code. I'm sure that is what most of us do best. The implementation makes the design work.
- Quality assurance: In this phase, you test the application from start to finish, looking for problems with the code or logic. Next to requirements, the client often has the most involvement in this phase. They will know immediately at this point if something is seriously wrong with the application.
- Integration and rollout: In the past this would involve moving from machine to machine to upgrade to the new version of the software. With Web applications, those days are over. In the Web world, rollout is easy. Just tell people to point their browser to the new application.
- Maintenance: Over time, businesses change - and so do requirements. The application will need to change to meet those changing business requirements. Often in the maintenance phase you go through the whole software development process in a smaller way, specifying requirements for changes, defining the specifications, modifying the design, and so on.
- Retirement: All good things must come to an end. In this phase we put the application to rest. Business requirements have changed so much over the years that it's more cost effective to replace the application than to modify it.
There are different models of software development using these phases. The waterfall model is the most common. It moves from one phase to the other in tandem. The rapid prototype model starts by building a rapid prototype, or mockup, of the application. A specification is built from the rapid prototype, and the rest of the phases continue one after the other. The rapid prototype or waterfall models encompass full applications.
There's a third model called the iterative model, that follows the whole process for each individual application feature. The intent of this model is that release cycles will come every few weeks. This model works really well during large projects. You wouldn't want to be halfway through development on a yearlong project and then find out that everything you've done is wrong. I often like to use this model for the maintenance phase also.
My Development Methodology
The rest of this article will specifically talk about how I myself develop during the implementation phase of a project. I'm going to explain my method for organizing code and approaching development. Every template I write starts with a documentation header. Good documentation is often crucial when modifying code at some future point.
First, I include a description of the template. Why am I creating this template, what code does it contain? I'll also include the name of the file and the date it was created. When working as part of a team, I'll specify the name of the creator (me), and my company name, if I'm developing for a client.
Second, I'll specify where the code fits into the flow of logic. Is it an include file, a custom tag, a form page, or something else? If there is a multistep process, what step does this file represent? What file represents the previous step? What file represents the next step?
Next I'll document any file dependencies such as custom tags, include files, or ColdFusion components that need to exist in order for this template to run correctly. Then I'll document variable dependencies. What variables must be defined for this template to properly process? Do we need any URL variables? Form variables? Are they required or optional? If they are optional what are their default values?
Sometimes it may seem like a lot of work to create this documentation up front, but you'll thank yourself down the line. It takes minimal extra effort when you create the page and can save loads of time during the maintenance phase.
Documentation aside, I try to keep each template as modular as possible. That means that each template does only a single set of related actions. Here are the common types of templates you'll encounter during your development:
- Application.cfm & OnRequestEnd.cfm: The Application.cfm is a page that ColdFusion runs at the beginning of every request. I use this page to set up the basic application, directory locations variables, and datasource names. OnRequestEnd.cfm runs at the end of every request. It is not used often.
- Header and footer: I usually have only one header and footer file in a site, called header.cfm and footer.cfm respectively. The header contains the standard navigation and most common graphical elements of the site. The footer contains any disclaimers at the bottom of every page. I use a cfinclude to put these two templates into every other template. Between the header and footer goes the individual content. I don't put the header information in the Application.cfm and footer information in OnRequestEnd.cfm is because I like to reserve those files for processing code, not display code.
- Index: The index template is your home page. Some Web servers are programmed to look for default.cfm instead of index.cfm, but many will look for both.
- List page: A list page is a page that lists data based on certain criteria. For example, if you are creating a page that lists all the users who have registered on the site, you might name this page register.cfm.
- Input: Input pages are pages that accept input from the user. In standard Web development an input page will contain an HTML form. I like to distinguish an input page by putting an "i" at the end of the file name. A file that accepts input for a user registration would be registeri.cfm.
- Processing: Processing pages are those that a form submits onto. These pages usually verify the data, and then insert or update it to the database. I like to distinguish these with a "p" at the end of the file name. In our registration example, the registration-processing page would be registerip.cfm. That signifies that we are processing the registration input.
- Update: Pages that update data are very similar to input pages, except the forms are already filled with data. I like to distinguish these files with a "u". A registration update page would be registeru.cfm. The processing page for the update registration functionality would be registerup.cfm.
- Verification: Verification pages are pages that lie between input and processing. They display all the data to the user and give the user an option of changing data before it goes into the database. If you want to have the user verify their data before committing it to the database, use a verification page.
- Delete: A delete page is one for deleting data. I distinguish these files with a "d" character. For example, to delete a registration, the file would be named registerd.cfm. Often these pages will trigger a flag to make the data inactive instead of completely deleting the data.
Since the release of ColdFusion MX, I have been moving most of the functional code inside CFCs. For example, the verification page will call methods, which verify the data, but won't actually verify the data. If an error is returned, it displays the appropriate error. The process page will call a method to commit the data to the database. I've been storing the CFCs in the session scope, so I don't have to worry about excessive parameter passing from one template to another. The input page collects the data, the verification page stores it in component properties, and the processing page commits it to the database.
Other Development Methodologies and Frameworks
There's often a lot of confusion as to what a methodology is, what a framework is, and what the differences between them are.
A methodology is an organized approach to writing and organizing your code. What I've defined in this document is a rough methodology that I use for code development. A framework is a collection of code used as a template for writing applications. There is often a tradeoff for using a framework in your development and that is that it will most likely contain code you don't need to use. The performance hindrance of unused code is offset by the decrease in a development schedule. Using a framework will also make your code more consistent. In performance critical -applications you probably won't want to build your application within a framework.
Here are some common methodologies and frameworks used throughout the ColdFusion world:
- Fusebox: Fusebox is one of the most popular methodologies out there. Fusebox 1 was a strict methodology; although current versions provide some semblance of a framework. The most current version is Fusebox 4 and more information can be found at www.fusebox.org. Anyone looking at Fusebox should also take a look at the Fusebox Lifecycle Process (FLiP), which handles the full software development life cycle.
- cfobjects: cfobjects is a framework used to apply object-oriented principles to ColdFusion development. It is developed to work with pre-CFMX versions and consists of a lot of custom tags, plus a toolbar for ColdFusion Studio (HomeSite +). More information can be found at cfobjects.sourceforge.net.
- Mach-II: Mach-II is a framework used to apply object-oriented design principles to ColdFusion from development. It's relatively new in the world of development and was spun off development that was originally supposed to be Fusebox MX. You can find more information about Mach-II at www.mach-ii.com/. Macromedia has developed some of their site using the Mach-II framework.
This was intended as a high-level overview of approaches to development. No matter what type of development you are doing, you'll need a methodology - having one that you always follow keeps things consistent if nothing else. When working with teams, it's best to decide on a common methodology that all developers will use. Not every methodology will work in every situation. It's best to document the methodology that you are using as developers enter and leave your project.
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Carrick Talks Money
These credit cards offer the best travel rewards Add to ...
The Globe and Mail
Last updated
Which credit cards offer the best deals for consumers? Patrick Sojka of RewardsCanada.ca breaks it down
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subset: commoncrawl


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Layoffs and Downsizing
Support staff picket planned job cuts at CSDM school boardSecretaries, janitors and other public school support staff picketed on Wednesday against upcoming job cuts within the Commission scolaire de Montréal, the province's largest school board.
167 CSDM jobs to be cut, including student aides: reportA report says that 167 jobs, including aides to students with disabilities, psychologists, secretaries and janitors, will be cut at a special budget meeting of the Commission Scolaire de Montréal, according to a report in Le Devoir.
Suncor cutting 1,000 jobs, taking $1 billion out of 2015 budget amid oil routCALGARY Suncor Energy Inc. (TSX:SU) is reducing its workforce by 1,000 and cutting $1 billion from its capital budget in response to plummeting crude oil prices.
Avon slashes jobs at Pointe-Claire distribution centreIn a bid to cut costs, Avon plans to cut most of the jobs at its distribution centre in Pointe-Claire.
SNC-Lavalin to cut 4,000 jobs, nine per cent of totalSNC-Lavalin says it will reduce the company's global workforce by 4,000, or nine per cent of the total, over an 18-month period starting in 2015.
Saputo closing Quebec milk processing plant, affecting 61 workersSaputo is closing a milk processing plant in Trois-Rivieres, Que., next summer, affecting 61 workers.
Le Devoir could face job cuts as newspaper loses moneyManagement at Montreal's Le Devoir say they are looking at a cost-cutting plan that could result in job losses at the independently owned daily newspaper.
Transcontinental to end publication of 20 weekly newspapers, about 80 jobs lostTranscontinental Inc. (TSX:TCL.B) says it will stop publishing 20 weekly newspapers in Quebec, resulting in the layoff of about 80 employees.
Letter: From tomes to teddiesRe: "Victoria's Secret is going downtown" (Gazette, July 31)
Loss of 1,800 Bombardier jobs painful but is positive for company: analystsThe restructuring at Montreal-based Bombardier Inc., as painful as it is with the loss of another 1,800 jobs, actually is a positive development for the aerospace company, analysts say. "It increases the visibility for investors and the accountability of managers. You'll be able to tell what divisions are providing outperformance and underperformance, who messed up or who did a good job in the quarter, and make changes faster," said Troy Crandall, a research analyst who follows the company for investment firm MacDougall, MacDougall and MacTier.


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Solstice in Times Square: Athleta Mind Over Madness Yoga 2015
- Manhattan, NY, 10036
East Harlem Holiday Tree Lighting Fundraiser
East Harlem Cafe
Thursday, November 10, 2011 from 6:00 PM to 9:00 PM (EST)
Please help us raise the costs needed this year for our 8th Annual Holiday Tree Lighting. Join us for a night of fun with members of your community. The actual tree lighting will be December 9th at 6:30pm on the corner of 106th Street & Lexington.


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Mon-Fri: 7am-1am EST / Sat-Sun: 7am-11pm EST
ApplianceMaytag Washer
Level of DifficultyA Bit Difficult
Time to do repair30 - 60 mins
Age of Appliance5 - 10 years
Screw drivers
3 out of 3 people found this instruction helpful
I'm a 69 year old female. My husband isn't very handy so I decided to order the parts and do it myself. I didn't know how to take the machine apart so I just moved the washer part so I could unscrew the screw. I dropped the screwdriver between the adj. and side of the washer. I guess you won't be telling this story. I did get the parts on and the lid is working and so is the machine. Valerie Guyot
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Firefox Add-On For Metamorphic Javascript Malware Detection, 2015 SJSU
Firefox Add-On For Metamorphic Javascript Malware Detection, Sravan Kumar Reddy Javaji
Master's Projects
With the increasing use of the Internet, malicious software has more frequently been designed to take control of users computers for illicit purposes. Cybercriminals are putting a lot of efforts to make malware difficult to detect. In this study, we demonstrate how the metamorphic JavaScript malware can effect a victim's machine using a malicious or compromised Firefox add-on. Following the same methodology, we develop another add-on with malware static detection technique to detect metamorphic JavaScript malware.
Cheating Detection In Online Examinations, 2015 SJSU
Cheating Detection In Online Examinations, Gaurav Kasliwal
Master's Projects
In this research, we develop and analyze a tool that monitor student browsing activity during online examination. Our goal is to detect cheating in real time. In our design, a server capture packets using KISMET and detects cheating based on either a whitelist or blacklist of URLs. We provide implementation details and give experimental results, and we analyze various attack strategies. Finally, we show that the system is practical and lightweight in comparison to other available tools.
A Scalable Search Engine Aggregator, 2015 SJSU
A Scalable Search Engine Aggregator, Pooja Mishra
Master's Projects
The ability to display different media sources in an appropriate way is an integral part of search engines such as Google, Yahoo, and Bing, as well as social networking sites like Facebook, etc. This project explores and implements various media-updating features of the open source search engine Yioop [1]. These include news aggregation, video conversion and email distribution. An older, preexisting news update feature of Yioop was modified and scaled so that it can work on many machines. We redesigned and modified the user interface associated with a distributed news updater feature in Yioop. This project also introduced a video ...
An Open Source Advertisement Server, 2015 SJSU
An Open Source Advertisement Server, Pushkar Umaranikar
Master's Projects
This report describes a new online advertisement system and its implementation for the Yioop open source search engine. This system was implemented for my CS298 project. It supports both selling advertisements and displaying them within search results. The selling of advertisement is done using a novel auction system, which we describe in this paper. With this auction system, it is possible to create an advertisement, attach keywords to it, and add it to the advertisement inventory. An advertisement is displayed on a search results page if the search keyword matches the keywords attached to the advertisement. Display of advertisements is ...
Context-Based Autosuggest On Graph Data, 2015 SJSU
Context-Based Autosuggest On Graph Data, Hai Nguyen
Master's Projects
Autosuggest is an important feature in any search applications. Currently, most applications only suggest a single term based on how frequent that term appears in the indexed documents or how often it is searched upon. These approaches might not provide the most relevant suggestions because users often enter a series of related query terms to answer a question they have in mind. In this project, we implemented the Smart Solr Suggester plugin using a context-based approach that takes into account the relationships among search keywords. In particular, we used the keywords that the user has chosen so far in the ...
Ndex Strategies For Efficient And Effective Entity Search, 2015 SJSU
Ndex Strategies For Efficient And Effective Entity Search, Huy T. Vu
Master's Projects
The volume of structured data has rapidly grown in recent years, when data-entity emerged as an abstraction that captures almost every data pieces. As a result, searching for a desired piece of information on the web could be a challenge in term of time and relevancy because the number of matching entities could be very large for a given query. This project concerns with the efficiency and effectiveness of such entity queries. The work contains two major parts: implement inverted indexing strategies so that queries can be searched in minimal time, and rank results based on features that are independent ...
Driver Telematics Analysis, 2015 SJSU
Driver Telematics Analysis, Karthik Vakati
Master's Projects
For automobile insurance firms, telemetric analysis represents a valuable and growing way to identify the risk associated with each driver. The pricing decisions of an insurer are best accounted for if they are made considering the driver's behavior instead of just the vehicle characteristics and the best way to understand a driver's behavior is to leverage the telemetric analysis. Decisions made on such factors can eventually lead to increased premium or reduced liability for unsafe or reckless drivers and can also help in transitioning the burden to the policies that lead to increased liability.
The dataset provided for ...
Maximizing The Speed Of Influence In Social Networks, 2015 SJSU
Maximizing The Speed Of Influence In Social Networks, Yubo Wang
Master's Projects
Influence maximization in social networks is the problem of selecting a limited
size of influential users as seed nodes so that the influence from these seed nodes can propagate to the largest number of other nodes in the network. Previous studies in influence maximization focused on three areas, i.e., designing propagation models, improving algorithms of seed-node selection and exploiting the structure of social networks. However, most of these studies ignored the time constraint in influence propagation. In this paper, I studied how to maximize influence propagation in a given time, i.e., maximizing the speed of influence propagation in ...
Using Neural Networks For Image Classification, 2015 SJSU
Using Neural Networks For Image Classification, Tim Kang
Master's Projects
This paper will focus on applying neural network machine learning methods to images for the purpose of automatic detection and classification. The main advantage of using neural network methods in this project is its adeptness at fitting nonlinear data and its ability to work as an unsupervised algorithm. The algorithms will be run on common, publically available datasets, namely the MNIST and CIFAR10, so that our results will be easily reproducible.
Static Analysis Of Malicious Java Applets, 2015 SJSU
Static Analysis Of Malicious Java Applets, Nikitha Ganesh
Master's Projects
In this research, we consider the problem of detecting malicious Java applets, based on static analysis. In general, dynamic analysis is more informative, but static analysis is more efficient, and hence more practical. Consequently, static analysis is preferred, provided we can obtain results comparable to those obtained using dynamic analysis. We conducted experiments with the machine learning technique, Hidden Markov Model (HMM). We show that in some cases a static technique can detect malicious Java applets with greater accuracy than previously published research that relied on dynamic analysis.
Combining Dynamic And Static Analysis For Malware Detection, 2015 SJSU
Combining Dynamic And Static Analysis For Malware Detection, Anusha Damodaran
Master's Projects
Well-designed malware can evade static detection techniques, such as signature scanning. Dynamic analysis strips away one layer of obfuscation and hence such an approach can potentially provide more accurate detection results. However, dynamic analysis is generally more costly than static analysis. In this research, we analyze the effectiveness of using dynamic analysis to enhance the training phase, while using only static techniques in the detection phase. Relative to a fully static approach, the additional overhead is minimal, since training is essentially one-time work.
Video Event Understanding With Pattern Theory, 2015 University of South Florida
Video Event Understanding With Pattern Theory, Fillipe Souza, Sudeep Sarkar, Anuj Srivastava, Jingyong Su
MODVIS Workshop
We propose a combinatorial approach built on Grenander's pattern theory to generate semantic interpretations of video events of human activities. The basic units of representations, termed generators, are linked with each other using pairwise connections, termed bonds, that satisfy predefined relations. Different generators are specified for different levels, from (image) features at the bottom level to (human) actions at the highest, providing a rich representation of items in a scene. The resulting configurations of connected generators provide scene interpretations; the inference goal is to parse given video data and generate high-probability configurations. The probabilistic structures are imposed using energies ...
Two Correspondence Problems Easier Than One, 2015 Purdue University
Two Correspondence Problems Easier Than One, Aaron Michaux, Zygmunt Pizlo
MODVIS Workshop
Computer vision research rarely makes use of symmetry in stereo reconstruction despite its established importance in perceptual psychology. Such stereo reconstructions produce visually satisfying figures with precisely located points and lines, even when input images have low or moderate resolution. However, because few invariants exist, there are no known general approaches to solving symmetry correspondence on real images. The problem is significantly easier when combined with the binocular correspondence problem, because each correspondence problem provides strong non-overlapping constraints on the solution space. We demonstrate a system that leverages these constraints to produce accurate stereo models from pairs of binocular images ...
Formal Aspects Of Non-Rigid-Shape-From-Motion Perception, 2015 SUNY College of Optometry
Formal Aspects Of Non-Rigid-Shape-From-Motion Perception, Vicky Froyen, Qasim Zaidi
MODVIS Workshop
Our world is full of objects that deform over time, for example animals, trees and clouds. Yet, the human visual system seems to readily disentangle object motions from non-rigid deformations, in order to categorize objects, recognize the nature of actions such as running or jumping, and even to infer intentions. A large body of experimental work has been devoted to extracting rigid structure from motion, but there is little experimental work on the perception of non-rigid 3-D shapes from motion (e.g. Jain, 2011). Similarly, until recently, almost all formal work had concentrated on the rigid case. In the last ...
Object Recognition And Visual Search With A Physiologically Grounded Model Of Visual Attention, 2015 Chemnitz University of Technology
Object Recognition And Visual Search With A Physiologically Grounded Model Of Visual Attention, Frederik Beuth, Fred H. Hamker
MODVIS Workshop
Visual attention models can explain a rich set of physiological data (Reynolds & Heeger, 2009, Neuron), but can rarely link these findings to real-world tasks. Here, we would like to narrow this gap with a novel, physiologically grounded model of visual attention by demonstrating its objects recognition abilities in noisy scenes.
To base the model on physiological data, we used a recently developed microcircuit model of visual attention (Beuth & Hamker, in revision, Vision Res) which explains a large set of attention experiments, e.g. biased competition, modulation of contrast response functions, tuning curves, and surround suppression. Objects are represented by object-view specific neurons, learned via a trace learning approach (Antonelli et al., 2014, IEEE TAMD). A visual cortex model combines the microcircuit with neuroanatomical properties like top-down attentional processing, hierarchical-increasing receptive field sizes, and synaptic transmission delays. The visual cortex model is complemented by a model of the frontal eye field (Zirnsak et al., 2011, Eur J Neurosci).
We evaluated the model on a realistic object recognition task in which a given target has to be localized in a scene (guided visual search task), using 100 different target objects, 1000 scenes, and two backgrounds. The model achieves an accuracy of 92% at black, and of 71% at white-noise backgrounds. We found that two of the underlying, neuronal attention mechanisms are prominently relevant for guided visual search: amplification of neurons preferring the target; and suppression of neurons encoding distractors or background noise.
Modeling Visual Features To Recognize Biological Motion: A Developmental Approach, 2015 Robotics, Brain and Cognitive Sciences Department, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Italy
Modeling Visual Features To Recognize Biological Motion: A Developmental Approach, Giulio Sandini, Nicoletta Noceti, Alessia Vignolo, Alessandra Sciutti, Francesco Rea, Alessandro Verri, Francesca Odone
MODVIS Workshop
In this work we deal with the problem of designing and developing computational vision models – comparable to the early stages of the human development – using coarse low-level information.
More specifically, we consider a binary classification setting to characterize biological movements with respect to non-biological dynamic events. To this purpose, our model builds on top of the optical flow estimation, and abstract the representation to simulate the limited amount of visual information available at birth. We take inspiration from known biological motion regularities explained by the Two-Thirds Power Law, and design a motion representation that includes different low-level features, which can ...
Operational Semantics For Featherweight Lua, 2015 SJSU
Operational Semantics For Featherweight Lua, Hanshu Lin
Master's Projects
Lua is a small, embedded language to provide scripting in other languages. De- spite a clean, minimal syntax, it is still too complex for formal reasoning because of some syntactic sugar or specific syntax structures in Lua.
This thesis develops Featherweight Lua (FWLua), following the tradition of lan- guages like Featherweight Java[1] and Featherweight JavaScript[2]. The goal is to develop a core of language features that, while remaining simple enough for formal reasoning, also remain faithful to the central characteristics of the language. Specifi- cally for Lua, the core features that are essential for our modeling include:
∙ First-class ...
Using Probabilistic Graphical Models To Solve Np-Complete Puzzle Problems, 2015 SJSU
Using Probabilistic Graphical Models To Solve Np-Complete Puzzle Problems, Fengjiao Wu
Master's Projects
Probabilistic Graphical Models (PGMs) are commonly used in machine learning to solve problems stemming from medicine, meteorology, speech recognition, image processing, intelligent tutoring, gambling, games, and biology. PGMs are applicable for both directed graph and undirected graph. In this work, I focus on the undirected graphical model. The objective of this work is to study how PGMs can be applied to find solutions to two puzzle problems, sudoku and jigsaw puzzles. First, both puzzle problems are represented as undirected graphs, and then I map the relations of nodes to PGMs and Belief Propagation (BP). This work represents the puzzle grid ...
Using Hidden Markov Models To Detect Dna Motifs, 2015 SJSU
Using Hidden Markov Models To Detect Dna Motifs, Santrupti Nerli
Master's Projects
During the process of gene expression in eukaryotes, mRNA splicing is one of the key processes carried out by a complex called spliceosome. Spliceosome guarantees proper removal of introns and joining of exons before the translation process. Precise splicing is essential for the production of functional proteins. Spliceosome detects specific sequence motifs within an mRNA sequence called splice sites. Two of the splice sites are the 5' and 3' sites that border all the introns. Normal splicing process if disrupted by mutation may lead to fatal diseases. In this work, we predict splice sites in a human genome using hidden ...
Comparative Analysis Of Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithms For Text Feature Selection, 2015 SJSU
Comparative Analysis Of Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithms For Text Feature Selection, Shuang Wu
Master's Projects
With the rapid growth of Internet, more and more natural language text documents are available in electronic format, making automated text categorization a must in most fields. Due to the high dimensionality of text categorization tasks, feature selection is needed before executing document classification. There are basically two kinds of feature selection approaches: the filter approach and the wrapper approach. For the wrapper approach, a search algorithm for feature subsets and an evaluation algorithm for assessing the fitness of the selected feature subset are required. In this work, I focus on the comparison between two wrapper approaches. These two approaches ...


text:
Vigil held for murdered Iowa resident
BY admin
September 09 2003 12:00 AM ET
Residents from around Omaha and neighboring Council Bluffs, Iowa, gathered at a vigil Friday night in Omaha to honor Selena Alvarez-Hernandez, a transgendered Council Bluffs resident who was found murdered on July 31, the Des Moines Register reports. Alvarez-Hernandez, 32, was found stabbed multiple times in the chest, abdomen, and arms outside an apartment complex. Police have made no arrests in the case and say there is no evidence to suggest it is a hate crime.
"Our primary reason [for holding the vigil] was to remember Selena's life and death," said the Reverend Barbara Sagat of the Metropolitan Community Church of Omaha. "This vigil is a call for tolerance. It's a scary time for people in our community."
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Lost A Sale, But Initial Phone Consultations — A Big Part Of Brilliant Customer Service
I just got finished with a ...
quick linksCURRENT ISSUE PREVIOUS ISSUES NEWS INDUSTRY NEWS COLUMNISTS BROWSE EDITORIAL TOPICS WEBINARS
resourcesABOUT MT AUTHOR GUIDELINES CLASSIFIEDS EDITORIAL CALENDAR MEDIA GUIDE MASSAGE MART SCHOOLS & EDUCATION FEEDBACK
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In 1991, I attended a martial arts workshop hosted coincidentally by Sung Baek, a martial artist and the head of his lineage as a Korean trained acupuncturist. I was enamored by the details Sung could attain from the pulse, as told to me by some of his apprentices.
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First Do No Harm?
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As we noted in our previous article, with a positive Derifield (+D), the doctor observes the reactive (shorter) leg in the prone position that becomes longer or "crosses over" in the flexed position.
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The Trudy McAlister Foundation (TMF), a nonprofit organization established to support students who are on track to make contributions either to clinical practice and/or to the understanding of the role of Traditional Oriental Medicine, has announced the 2015 scholarship recipients.
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A talented young woman presented herself with emotional mood swings, which included being nervous, anxious and jittery.
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February, 2013, Vol. 13, Issue 02
Massage Therapists and the Detection of Skin Cancer in Clients
By Massage Therapy Foundation Contributor
Contributed By April Neufeld, BS, LMT, NCTMB; Sandra K. Anderson, BA, LMT, ABT
Have you ever noticed strange moles or lesions on your patient's back? This is important because skin cancer is the most common cancer in the United States, with more than 3.5 million cases diagnosed annually. Since massage therapists see a great deal of client skin on a daily basis, they have a unique opportunity to recognize potential skin cancers.
This month, we at the Massage Therapy Foundation (MTF) are reporting on a study by lead author Shannon M. Campbell and colleagues called "Skin Cancer Education among Massage Therapists: A Survey at the 2010 Meeting of the American Massage Therapy Association." It was published online on August 23, 2012 by the Journal of Cancer Education, August 23, 2012.
"While non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) accounts for the majority of cases, melanoma is responsible for more than 75% of skin cancer deaths. Between 1992 and 2004, melanoma incidence increased 45%. In the United States, one in 52 men and women can expect to be diagnosed with melanoma in his or her lifetime. The back is the most common location of melanoma in men, while the lower legs are the most common location in women. Prognosis of melanomas is related to anatomic location. The 10-year survival rate for melanomas on the back is around 68% while the 10-year survival rate for the lower legs is 82%," write the investigators.
These statistics indicate that early detection of skin cancer is an important public health initiative. While the majority of interventions have been through detection by medical professionals, recently attention has been turned toward the ability of non-medical professionals, such as hair dressers and massage therapists, to assist with skin cancer detection. These professional massage therapists see and palpate large areas of clients' skin, including the back and legs. In addition, massage therapists may also frequently observe areas of the skin not examined by healthcare providers, such as the scalp and soles of the feet, in addition to backs and legs.
The purpose of this study was twofold. The first was to describe the skin cancer education massage therapists receive during training and second, to evaluate massage therapists' comfort levels in identifying suspicious lesions and communication with their clients about them.
The research method involved surveying two separate groups of attendees at the American Massage Therapy Association (AMTA) annual convention in 2010, in Minneapolis. One group of 179 completed the survey at a booth in the exhibit hall; the other group of 114 were participants who attended a skin cancer education workshop at the convention. Thirty-one surveys were excluded because the respondents were either from Canada or had not completed their entry-level training. Therefore, the final sample was 262.
The survey consisted of demographic questions such as gender, age and ethnicity. Participants were also asked the number of years the subject worked as a massage therapist, the state in which they practice, age range of clients, number of clients they treat per year, average number of visits per client annually, how many clients the massage therapists have recommended see a healthcare provider over the past year for a suspicious lesion, and if they ever detected a lesion on a client's skin that was confirmed to be skin cancer.
Participants were also asked to give detailed descriptions of their skin cancer education both during entry-level training and through continuing education. Descriptions included the name of continuing education courses, numbers of hours, textbooks used, academic credentials of the course instructor, types of skin cancer covered, testing and education about how and when to discuss a suspicious lesion with a client. Additionally, participants were asked to describe their comfort level recognizing and discussing a suspicious lesion with a client, as well as recommending a client see a healthcare provider for a suspicious lesion. All comfort level questions were assessed using a scale of "not at all," "a little," "somewhat," "quite" and "extremely." Frequency questions were assessed using a scale of "never," "sometimes," "usually," "often" and "always." The observed frequencies and percentages were calculated using Statistical Analysis System (SAS) version 9.2.
Results of the survey indicated that 60% of massage therapists received skin cancer education during their entry-level training, 25% received it afterwards and 16% received both during and afterwards. The majority of participants stated that melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers were reviewed during both entry-level and continuing education courses and that when and how to discuss a suspicious lesion was also included.
Whereas 12% of participants reported a personal history of skin cancer, 72% reported knowing a friend or family member with a skin cancer diagnosis. Of those surveyed, 43% reported wearing sunscreen usually or often on sun-exposed skin and 83% reported performing self-skin exams (SSEs) at least every 1 to 2 months. Participants also reported examining their client's skin regularly, with 44% reporting that they always do so. Massage therapists who examine their own skin at least once a year were more likely to examine a client's skin. Most of those surveyed recommended at least one client see a health care provider for a suspicious lesion over the past year.
Most participants reported being quite or somewhat comfortable recognizing a suspicious lesion, being quite comfortable discussing it with the client, and being quite or extremely comfortable sharing medical knowledge and recommending the client see a healthcare provider about the lesion. Additionally, massage therapists who perform SSEs, had detected a lesion on a client that was confirmed to be skin cancer, and who examine their clients' skin on a regular basis, and who referred clients to be seen by a healthcare professional are more likely to be comfortable recognizing a suspicious lesion.
"This study has several limitations," write the researchers. "It is an observational study that does not allow for cause and effect relationships to be identified. The sample population was from a select group at a national convention and the results may not be indicative of all massage therapists. Additionally, 114 of the 293 participants completed the survey prior to participating in a workshop on skin cancer," which means they may have a greater interest in skin cancer prevention and detection. "Further studies on a larger scale with a more representative sample are needed to confirm the data. Because many years may have elapsed between training and completion of the survey, participants may have incorrectly recalled details about their education and practice. However, this study serves as a valuable introduction to skin cancer education efforts within the massage therapy community. Additional studies should focus on improving massage therapists ability to recognize suspicious lesions and collecting data directly from massage therapy schools regarding their skin cancer education."
So what does this mean? It means that massage therapists who are already checking their clients' skin for suspicious lesions are providing a valuable and necessary service, one that can potentially save a client's patient's life. Massage therapists who are unsure of their ability to detect a suspicious change on a client's skin, and are unsure of how to discuss it with the client, would definitely benefit from a course that covers this information. It could make all the difference in the world to someone they know.
Editor's Note: Want to hear more great research all in one place? Attend the International Massage Therapy Research Conference – Presented by the Massage Therapy Foundation April 25-27, 2013, in Boston, Massachusetts. Registration is now open. Learn more at www.imtrc.org.
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Now that the Royal Wedding of the Millennium is over, experts are analyzing every little piece of information about the big event. Like the news that Kate Middleton's hair dressers practiced her big day 'do with a $10 tiara purchased at a friggin' Claire's Accessories. Oh hellz no, the plastic crown didn't touch Kate's locks–it…
Is it a boy? A girl? A potato?
Bonus points for that brow cred.
Exceptions made for Josh Duggar, who need only write a note of apology to Jesus H. Christ.
Somebody call the wahmbulance.


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China's moves: US decline, or balance in Asia?
Hanegbi heads to Myanmar for highest-level visit in 35 years
Former ambassador to the US Oren may enter politics on list Kahlon is drafting
MK calls on PM to destroy homes of Jews who murdered Arab teen
Netanyahu: Hamas leaders are legitimate targets, no one is invincible
Kahlon indicates comeback with new 'framework'
'Israel no better than Chelm for providing electricity to Palestinian companies that boycott it'
Manhattan borough president shows solidarity with Israel visit
Ministers and MKs urge Netanyahu to pound Hamas
Right-wing MKs call to investigate Balad party, ban it from Knesset after Qatar trip
Diplomacy & Politics
12/03/2012 12:52
Maaleh Adumim development_311.
(photo credit:Reuters)
Prime Minister Binyamin Netanyahu instructed the security cabinet to approve the
construction of 3,000 West Bank housing units and the development of the E-1
area between Jerusalem and Ma'aleh Adumim in order to increase his chances of
winning the January 22 election, former foreign minister Tzipi Livni said
Monday.Livni said Netanyahu sacrificed Israel's image abroad to win
"applause" from voters in Israel. She warned that when Israel will need the help
of foreign ministers and ambassadors on security issues, they would turn their
back on him because he did not accept their request to stop building in the West
Bank."This decision isolates Israel, encourages international pressure
and will not be implemented anyway," Livni said. "In one month of dangerous
military and diplomatic moves, Netanyahu formed a Hamas state in Gaza, a
Palestinian state in the UN, and now, with his response, made Israel appear
guilty in the eyes of the world."Former defense minister and Labor MK
Binyamin Ben-Eliezer, who heads the party's response team on diplomatic issues,
warned that the world was losing its patience with Netanyahu.He called
the move "a badly timed decision" that risks the loss of support from the United
States and from European countries."The world is telling Israel
'enough,' and the fact that friend-states like Britain and France are
considering recalling their ambassadors is a long-reaching issue that can lead
Israel to international isolation," he said.Finance Minister Yuval
Steinitz downplayed the reaction of the international community."I'm
convinced that everyone in Europe and the United States understands that we will
react" to the Palestinian decision to seek upgraded status at the UN, he said in
an interview with Army Radio on Monday."How can the Palestinians forgo
the peace process?" he asked, characterizing the UN bid as an attack on Israel.
"We're being attacked on two fronts," he said, with missiles from Gaza and
delegitimization from Ramallah.Interior Minister Eli Yishai went a step
further to say Israel does not have the right to build in Jerusalem and the
surrounding areas, "but rather the obligation" to build.Referring to the
international criticism over Israel's announcement of plans to construct new
units in Jerusalem and the West Bank, Yishai said "Israeli governments for
generations have built in Jerusalem as a matter of importance in regards to the
country's security. We do not have the right to build in Jerusalem and its
surrounding areas – but rather the obligation.Putting a question mark on
our right to this is like putting a question mark over our right to the
land."Yishai also said politicians "exploit this time to attack Israeli
policies in a desperate attempt to collect seats at the Knesset, doing a
disservice to us and revealing their ignorance towards the history of all
Israeli governments and their actions."Likud MKs accused former prime
minister Ehud Olmert and Livni of encouraging international condemnation of
Israel. They also slammed Olmert for leaking criticism of Netanyahu that Chicago
Mayor Rahm Emanuel issued in a closeddoor meeting in
Washington."Olmert's behavior is shocking," Likud MK Danny Danon said.
"First he backs the Palestinians in the UN, even though it can lead to his own
prosecution in the Hague. The next day he attacks the prime minister in public
forums abroad.His behavior reminds us why his party has come apart."
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I met with a young high school team after one of our recent Wings game for a meet-and-greet session. The players asked standard questions about life in the NLL, what it like is to play with Paul Rabil, what kind of stick I use, etc. One player asked for my opinion on what makes a great lacrosse player. I wish I knew the answer! I stated the obvious like having strong stick skills, a desire to get better, being intrinsically motivated, etc.
I have since started to think more about the question. There isn't a clear or concrete answer. It is a subjective question and there are so many variables in lacrosse. I think of some of my former teammates, guys like Steve Dusseau, Gary Gait, the Powell brothers. These were unbelievable talents, but there was something more. I can recall watching Gary and Paul Gait play in the 1989-1990 National Championship games. I played with Gary and the end of his career, where he played strictly attack (and won MLL MVP in his late 30's).
I hadn't realized just how versatile they were in their younger days. You had a Gait on each wing on every face off. They played a very complete game (offence, defense, ground balls, inside, outside, passers, shooters). Their skill and athleticism were at a level I have never seen in the game. Those things were clear to see from any casual fan, but if you look deeper, you will see more. They had unique poise, patience, understated competitiveness and toughness. You could sense they enjoyed and seized having the ball in their sticks at key times.
I think if you look at some of the prominent athletes in contemporary sport that are having success, you can see some consistencies in their makeup and their approach. Peyton Manning, Tom Brady, Russell Wilson, arguably the best three quarterbacks in the NFL. Their skill sets are uniquely different from each other, but there seems to be a lot of similarities in some of their intangible qualities like work ethic, attitude, attention to detail, presence, game IQ, etc.


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Smallholding Scotland 2015
We're helping to organise Scotland's first conference for smallholders. Come and join us in Perth in February for a day of learning, sharing and networking.
Smallholding Courses
We run various courses throughout the year at TAS headquarters in the east of Scotland, including poultry keeping, sheep keeping, and an introduction to smallholding. 2015 bookings now being taken.
Introduction to Poultry Keeping
We once read somewhere that poultry is usually the first "livestock" enterprise that budding smallholders are likely to undertake. In this guide we'll take you through everything you need to know about keeping hens.
Mushroom Soup
A wonderful mushroom soup, lifted by the classic combination of garlic and parsley. It can be made with variety of any mushroom, or even a mixture, but is best with a dark-gilled mushroom or chestnut mushrooms.
TAS T-shirts
Our TAS t-shirts feature a unique design reflecting many aspects of smallholding. They are screen-printed onto high quality, heavy-weight cotton t-shirts.
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From the Diary
Grass at AstwoodMonday 13 April, 2015
The grass at our rented grazing was ploughed and resown in…
Lambing 2015 - week two to the endMonday 13 April, 2015
So at the end of week one, we had seven ewes lambed, fifteen…
Getting ready for new hensTuesday 31 March, 2015
I have a batch of 40 pol hens ordered for collection next…
From the forums
Anyone doing Table Birds this Year ?
Posted in Poultry & Waterfowl Today at 16:09pm
Commercial Chicken Farming
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hatched but dead
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Posted in Sheep Today at 15:14pm
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Responsive Google Maps , easy, simple, responsive and styled!
The easiest WordPress plugin which generates responsive and styled maps! Please check the live demo to see a lot of shortcode examples and samples of maps you can create. It allows multiple markers per map and multiple maps per page. No API key required. The shortcode is very easy to generate and the map is so easy to use!COMPATIBLE WITH WORDPRESS 4.2.2
UsageIn a post, page or widget, write this shortcode to generate a map:
[res_map address="your street, your city, your country"]
or use the latitude/longitude coordinates:
[res_map address="-37.798391,145.01652"]
- Google maps plugin to generate maps based on address OR latitude/longitude
- 100% responsive
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- Works in sidebars, posts, pages and custom post types
- Multiple markers per map
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- Markers descriptions accepts both text and html code
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- Directions link to display directions to the address
- W3C valid, does not break your W3C validation.
- Detailed documentation.
- Perfect for ThemeForest themes
Themes using this plugin:A great, beautiful theme using this map plugin: Eternity
A clean and fresh theme designed for kids related websites: Kids Zone
A modern and useful theme designed for tourism websites: Trendy Travel
See how it looks on mobiles
Plugin's admin (click the image to view larger)
LicenseThe Regular License allows you to use this plugin on a single, one website and you can have more than one map on that website. But, if you want to use this plugin on another website you will need to purchase an additional Regular License. For usage in a template for sale on Themeforest, you will need to purchase the Extended License. Thank you for your purchases!
- jQuery gMap plugin by Sebastian Poreba: http://www.smashinglabs.pl/gmap
- Using the Google Maps API you agree to their Terms of Service
Version history


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Agency received only 8 percent of anticipated volume in Modernized E-filing system
The Internal Revenue Service processed less than a tenth of the volume it had expected for its new Modernized e-File system for individual tax returns during the most recent tax season, according to a report released today by the Treasury Inspector General for Tax Administration.
From February to April, IRS officials had hoped to process 9.3 million individual returns through the new system but instead received only 752,320 such returns, the audit report states. That represents only 8 percent of the anticipated volume.
One reason for the trickle is that the system appears to be erroneously rejecting a large number of the individual returns submitted. The IG said faulty business rules for the system might be responsible.
Stuck in the mud: IRS spins its wheels on electronic modernization
Cooler data centers could save millions for IRS
The IRS has been replacing its existing e-filing system with a Web-based system. The agency has been processing business tax filings through the modernized system since 2004 but has found the processing of individual returns through the system to be "significantly challenging," the report states.
Due to the low volume of tax returns received through the new system, the IRS hasn't been able to accurately assess its ability to handle large volumes of electronic returns.
"The IRS is counting on the Modernized e-File system to become the dominant system for processing tax returns," said Russell George, Treasury's IG for tax administration. "However, our report found that, so far, it is not performing up to expected levels."
Auditors recommended that the IRS establish processes to monitor the transmission and processing of individual tax returns through the Modernized e-File system, work with the tax return preparation industry and state governments to identify problems, and encourage taxpayers to use the system in the 2011 filing season.
IRS officials agreed with those recommendations.
About the Author
Alice Lipowicz is a staff writer covering government 2.0, homeland security and other IT policies for Federal Computer Week.
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Steve Kelman applauds the OMB's move to make career employees "goal leaders" for performance management initiatives -- but wishes it had come far earlier in the administration.
In an exclusive interview, Jimaye Sones, who was Defense Information Systems Agency comptroller from 2005 to 2013, says he was reassigned after revealing questionable accounting practices at the agency.
Through computer forensics training and internships, veterans are helping Immigration and Customs Enforcement tackle a backlog in child exploitation cases.
After two months on the job studying DOD's cybersecurity and IT needs, Secretary Ashton Carter is set to unveil a new Pentagon cyber strategy in Silicon Valley.
The failure of massive federal IT projects can usually be traced to poor management. The solution is as multilayered as the projects themselves.
Delivering business outcomes with continuously changing IT portfolios requires project managers to have a more entrepreneurial skill set.
The interconnectivity of the Internet of Things makes cyber threats inevitable, says NIST fellow Ron Ross.
Federal CIO Tony Scott says the new law could mean some CIOs will be out of work.
Most CFO Act agencies have made budget requests to fund Digital Services teams.
the IRS said, they released new samples of draft forms for the next tax season they also conduct an open house to discuss something about tax paying.
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Hahaha, yeah it wasn't for me, I added more in my bio! ^_^
Welcome to Anime Planet!!!!
Ouran was such a good pick, it is one of my favorites too!
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