text:
This invention relates to a method and apparatus for the automatic checkweighing of containers during the process of their manufacture, and particularly relates to the checkweighing of hot glass bottles during their transmit from a molding machine to a lehr where they are annealed.
1. Apparatus comprising:
(a) a delivery conveyor for conveying glass containers in a row in a first direction,
(b) a lehr conveyor for receiving glass containers and conveying them in a direction away from and generally perpendicular to said delivery conveyor,
(c) a platform adjacent and between said conveyors, said platform being comprised of at least two portions, one portion of said platform being the pan of a weighing means,
(d) a transfer means for simultaneously transferring a plurality of glass containers off said delivery conveyor, across said platform, and to said lehr conveyor, and
(e) weighing means associated with said one platform portion weighing at least one container supported by said one platform portion before said containers are transferred as a row from the platform onto the lehr conveyor.
2. Apparatus in accordance with claim 1 wherein said weighing means is supported in a manner so as to be free from vibrations of said transfer means and conveyors, and said weighing means including an indicator for indicating the weight of said one container on said one platform portion.
3. Apparatus in accordance with claim 2 wherein said indicating means includes a plurality of lights one of which is lit as a function of the weight of said one container.
4. Apparatus in accordance with claim 1 wherein said transfer means includes a pusher generally parallel to said first direction and coupled to a cam for reciprocating the pusher in timed relationship with the arrival of glass containers on said delivery conveyor.
5. Apparatus in accordance with claim 1 wherin said weighing means is a balance scale supported by the floor below the elevation of said delivery conveyor and connected by a vertically disposed member to a pan which is located at the elevation of said platform and forms a part of said platform.
6. Apparatus in accordance with claim 1 wherein the one container is the leading container of the row of containers on said delivery conveyor, said transfer means including a pusher for pushing the leading container in the row on the delivery conveyor, and means for causing said pusher to lose contact with the leading container for a short period of time while the leading container is on the platform and being weighed, and said pan being located to receive the leading container.
7. A method comprising the steps of:
(a) conveying a row of containers on a delivery conveyor in a first direction,
(b) providing a lehr conveyor for receiving containers from the delivery conveyor and for conveying them in a direction away from said delivery conveyor,
(c) providing a platform means adjacent and between said conveyors,
(d) simultaneously transferring a plurality of containers in a row off the delivery conveyor, across said platform means to said lehr conveyor, and
(e) weighing at least one but substantially less than all of the containers while containers are in a row on said platform means and before said containers are receiving onto the lehr conveyor.
8. A method in accordance with claim 7 wherein said containers are hot glass bottles, said step of simultaneously transferring including pushing a plurality of hot glass bottles off the delivery conveyor, across said platform, to said lehr conveyor.
9. A method in accordance with claim 7 wherein said step of weighing the containers includes using a weighing means supported by the floor and which indicates whether the container is above or below a predetermined norm.
10. A method in accordance with claim 7 wherein the container weighed is the leading container of the row of containers on said first conveyor.
11. A method in accordance with claim 8 wherein said pushing step includes interrupting contact between the pusher and said one bottle as said one bottle is being weighed.
Checkweighing of glass bottles is important in that overweight bottles involve a waste of glass, and hold less liquid than they should. Underweight bottles contain more liquid than they should. Some glass forming processes require positive displacement of a known volume of glass to produce containers. Variations in weight change the volume of glass and many defects may result therefrom.
A known method of checkweighing involves manually removing one or two hot bottles from a conveyor perhaps three times an hour, weighing them, likewise manually, and then (frequently) discarding the weighed bottles since it is inconvenient to return them to the conveyor for transfer to the lehr.
Underweight or overweight bottles are an indication for appropriate adjustment of the gobs on the molding machines which dispense the molten glass to the molds.
Another known method of checkweighing involves an automatic weighing machine usually disposed on or adjacent to a molding machine. These known weighing machines suffer from two main disadvantages. Firstly, when a container is removed from a continuous flow of closely spaced hot glass bottles, no difficulty in product handling is encountered until after the weighing operation. At that point in time, product handling becomes a serious problem since another container must be removed from the flow of bottles to make room for the weighed container to be inserted in the flow. This manipulation has proven to be very difficult because of the speed and temperatures involved. Secondly, they are subject to the very heavy vibration of the molding or conveying machinery, and thirdly, the hot glass bottle is very close to the balance mechanism and is subjected to strong air currents in its immediate environment. All of these effects militate against accurate weighing.
The present invention seeks to overcome the above defects by providing weighing apparatus in which the hot glass bottle is isolated from vibrating machinery while it is being weighed, and in which the hot glass bottle is remote from the more sensitive elements of the weighing apparatus and is subjected to negligible air currents. Moreover, the present invention permits the bottles, after weighing, to continue in the transfer path to the lehr for annealing, thus avoiding bottle wastage.
The apparatus includes a delivery conveyor for conveying containers in a row in a first direction. A lehr conveyor is provided for receiving the containers and for conveying them in a direction generally perpendicular to the first direction. A platform is provided between and adjacent said conveyors. A transfer means is provided for simultaneously transferring a plurality of containers off the delivery conveyor, across the platform, and to the lehr conveyor. A weighing means is provided in association with the platform for weighing at least one container before the container is received onto the lehr conveyor.
For the purpose of illustrating the invention, there is shown in the drawings a form which is presently preferred; it being understood, however, that this invention is not limited to the precise arrangements and instrumentalities shown.
FIG. 1 is an elevational view of the checkweighting apparatus.
FIG. 2 is a plan view of part of FIG. 1 showing the weighing platform.
FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a detail of the apparatus of FIG. 1.
FIG. 4 is a plan view of another detail of the apparatus of FIG. 1.
Referring to the drawings in detail wherein like numerals indicate like elements, an endless conveyor 1 has upper and lower runs 2a and 2b and transfers hot glass bottles 3 from a molding machine, not shown, to a position alongside a platform 5. In this embodiment, a row comprising a fixed number (24) of bottles 3 is transferred alongside the platform on conveyor 1 which is continuously moving.
The platform 5 is opposite a conveyor 9 which transports the bottles through a lehr, not shown, and, as described later, the bottles 3 are pushed from the conveyor run 2a onto the platform 5 and then onto the conveyor 9, the leading bottle 31 of the row being subject to checkweighing while on the platform prior to transfer of the bottle to the conveyor 9. The conveyor 9 runs on a roller 38 called the front lehr roller.
The platform 5 comprises two parts, a smaller part 8a, constituting the weighing pan of a balance, for receiving the leading bottle 31 from the batch, and a larger part 8b for receiving the remaining 23 bottles. A push member 4 transfers the 23 bottles from the conveyor 1 to the platform part 8b and then to the conveyor 9, this push member being operated by any suitable means for example, by the driving mechanism of the molding machine conveyor.
The leading bottle 31 is transferred to the platform part 8a and then to the conveyor 9 by a push member 16 secured to an arm 22 fixed to an arm 22b, the latter arm being pivotally connected at 20a, 21a to levers 20, 21. The lower ends of the levers 20 and 21 are pivotally mounted at 20b, 21b. The pivotal mounting 21b is higher than the mounting 20b so that the push member 16 moves in an approximately horizontal plane. Movement of the assembly 16, 22a, 22b, 20 and 21 about the pivots 20b and 21b is controlled by a cam 17 which engages a cam follower 33 carried by a bracket 20c on the lever 20, the cam follower being held in engagement with the cam by a tension spring 18 acting on the lever 20. In FIG. 1, the dashlines represent the positions of the parts when the bottle 31 is on the conveyor 1 and the solid lines the positions when the bottle is on the platform part 8a.
The cam 17 rotates counterclockwise as viewed in FIG. 1 and is driven from the driving mechanism of the molding machine conveyor by a chain 37 and sprocket 36. During movement of the follower 33 along the cam periphery from E to A the bottle 31 is transferred on to the platform part 8a constituting the weighing pan. Between points A and B the push member 16 retracts about 1/4 inch to allow the bottle 31 to stand freely on the platform part 8a. The following dwell period provided by the cam periphery extending from B to C enables the balance to come to an equilibrium position upon transfer of the bottle to the pan. At the end of the dwell period provided by the cam at point C, the bottle 31 is weighed as described later and following this period the bottle is transferred to the conveyor 9 by movement of the follower 33 along the cam periphery C to D. Finally, the parts 20, 21, 22a and b are retracted to the dash-line positions when the cam follower traverses the cam periphery from D to E. It will be obvious that the cam 17 is arranged to make one revolution during the transfer of each row of bottles 3 to the lehr.
The balance comprises a pan formed by the platform part 8a connected by light tube 11 to a knife edge 10a on a balance beam 10 supported on a knife edge 34 on a floor 41. The tube 11 is guided for vertical movement by a collar 12, FIG. 3, supported in a frame 13 by three wire links 14 and a light tension spring 15. The frame 13 is positioned in such manner that the movement of the bottle 31 on to the pan 8a takes place in the direction along the diagonal G to F so that the wire link 14 opposite spring 15 compensates the lateral force introduced by the bottle movement. As there is no lateral force in the opposite direction a very weak tension spring 15 is provided, to reduce the frictional resistance to vertical movement of tube 11 to a engligible value. The frame 13 is mounted by a rod 40a in a stand 40b on the floor 41.
The balance beam 10, in addition to the usual displaceable weights for zero and sensitivity adjustment, carries at its right-hand end, as viewed in FIG. 1, an electrical bridging contact-tip 30, FIG. 4, which can make contact with any one of a plurality of contact strips 31 mounted on a base 33 in a vertical row and forming a scale 29. Each strip 31 has a gap and the tip 30 can bridge the gap to complete a circuit and energize a corresponding indicator bulb 35 in a display case 32. As shown, there are nine strips 31 and nine bulbs 35. The center bulb 35, corresponding to the center strip 31, is yellow and indicates that the glass bottle 31 has the correct weight, the bulbs to one side of the center being red and indicating overweight and those to the other side of the center being blue and indicating underweight. The display case 32 may be fixed to a wall remote from the weighing apparatus but in full view of the molding machine operator who can thus observe a weight signal on every 24th bottle made and adjust his machine accordingly.
The bridging contact tip 30 is moved horizontally towards the base 33 (i.e., upwardly in the plane of the paper in FIG. 4) to bridge the gap of a contact strip 31 by energization of a solenoid 27 controlled by a switch 26. The distance travelled by the contact tip 30 is very small; it may be 1 mm or less. The switch 26 is operated by an inner arcuate surface 25 of the cam 17 extending over the angular distance from B to C, the surface 25 engaging a switch actuating member 26a so that the switch is closed to energize the solenoid and maintain it energized while the cam follower 33 moves from B to C. The knife edge 34 cooperates with a hard plate 34a which is shaped or doubly chamfered to give a stable position to which the knife edge 34 reverts under gravity after small displacements from said position, such as the small angular displacement effected by the action of the solenoid 27. The solenoid 27 is spring biased into a resting position to which it reverts when de-energized, whereby the beam 20 is freed.
In a modification, not shown, two or three platform parts or weighing pans 8a are provided and arranged side by side and the weighing apparatus and indicating apparatus are duplicated or triplicated. In this method, the leading two or three bottles out of each row of (say) 24 bottles are checkweighed, and the remaining 22 or 21 bottles are received on the platform part 8b.
It will be noted that the overall length of the platform 5 is not affected by the weighing apparatus and that no modification is necessary to the conveyor 9.
The push members 4 and 16 may be operated simultaneously to transfer all of the 24 bottles 3 at the same time from the conveyor 1 to the platform 5 and the push member 4 may continue to push the 23, 22 or 21 unweighed bottles on the conveyor 9, the leading bottle or bottles 31 being pushed, after a short weighing interval, by the push member 16 on to the conveyor 9. Alternatively, there may be a pause in the operation of the push member 4 and all 24 bottles may be transferred together from the platform 5 to the conveyor 9.
Since the frame 13 and the balance beam 10 are both mounted on the floor 41, they are not subjected to vibrations of the machinery. It is apparent therefore that the invention overcomes the deficiencies of the prior art stated above.
The weight readings can be subsequently processed to give a strip chart recording of weight and can also be used to effect automatic molten glass feed control with consequently automatically controlled container weight. It will be apparent that a weigh cell or the like may be substituted for the balance beam 10.
The present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof and, accordingly, reference should be made to the appended claims, rather than to the foregoing specification as indicating the scope of the invention.
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Holiday Christmas Ornaments
From little elves to Rudolph to elegant wreaths, find the right Christmas ornament to complete your holiday collection when you choose from our diverse selection. We offer festive red and green ornaments as well as glass balls, resin ornaments, and hand-made clay Christmas ornaments.
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subset: commoncrawl


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The Brickhouse is a hidden gem in the heart of Shoreditch.
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Foxx (Sankeys/Definition)
Raz (Hoxton FM)
Brickhouse's Thursday night sessions have now established themselves as a hotspot for Thursday night East London fun..
WIth the likes of Jamie Jones, Audiofly, Miguel Campbell and a host of other world- known DJs having played at this venue recently, it is safe to say the venue has been the spot of many memorable DJ sets!
For our Electric Disco night we are happy to present you 2 of the wildest kats currently on the Underground DJ circuit…Foxx and London wildcat Raz!
Foxx has had a busy schedule recently and has kept herself busy touring all around the UK and abroroad as well as holding a residency at one of London's best intimate parties DEFINITION. She has seen her reputation and status grow by being a safe bet for making crowds dance and feel the beat. Foxx we are glad to have you back!
Raz is an Electric Disco friend and is also keeping himself busy by DJing in loads of different venues around London and also presenting a show at contemporary station Hoxton FM.
Expect musical bliss and a heart warming surrounding to bring you smoothly into the weekend feel good sensuality. We're going to party just the way we like and know with a night of musical entertainment featuring only the freshest, sexiest and downright fiercest music around. With DJs of the Montana Cruz and Tom Roberts' calibre you just know it's going to rock. Let's not forget the stylish and lively crowd too who like dress up to get down and party like there's no tomorrow.
Join us at this legendary venue as we prepare to dance electric till late and have a memorable night!
02 / #198844
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Ivan Sanchez
Books by this Author
My Life in 8 Words
Author Revealed
Q. What is your motto or maxim?
A. Some choose to dream hard, others wake up and work hard to make their dreams come true.
Q. With whom in history do you most identify?
A. Malcolm X and Dr. Martin Luther King. Both men had true passion for human rights at their most rudimentary level.
Q. What do you regret most?
A. Hurting my daughters Heaven and Starr during the separation of their mother and me.
Q. What's your greatest flaw?
A. That I'm human and that I still walk with a daily struggle to stay away from the street life. The mentality is so deeply rooted in who I am that sometimes I have to remind myself that I'm no longer that street hood.
Q. What is your biggest pet peeve?
A. Stupid people who think they are intelligent.


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You are a fan of drink minirenegades ? Come to discover the best forums drink minirenegades on the internet and share your experience with a community fan of drink minirenegades . You can also build a forum drink minirenegades and create your online discussion.
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DWAYNE 'The Rock' Johnson will be in the Lockyer Valley on Monday filming for a new feature film.
The Hollywood star and former wrestler will shoot scenes for San Andreas, an action, drama and thriller epic.
Last month Johnson told reporters he had been looking forward to his three-month stay in Australia which involved stints at locations across south-east Queensland.
"It's a great role and a great project that I'm excited about, and getting back here to Australia is always good," he said.
"I was raised in Hawaii and there's a lot of similarities here to that Polynesian culture."
Last week Warner Bros sent a letter to residents that said after a long search the Lockyer Valley was chosen as the perfect Californian rural road location for the $100 million epic adventure.
According to the letter filming would involve left hand drive car driving sequences.
San Andreas is set after an earthquake hits California.
Johnson plays the role of a rescue helicopter pilot as he makes a perilous trip across the state to rescue his estranged daughter.
San Andreas will be released in 2015.
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Quote of the Day
From Real Time with Bill Maher regarding the Tea Party protesters who think their taxes have been raised too much.
"Why let the truth get in the way of a perfectly good Klan rally"
April 28, 2010 - Posted by ExtremeLiberal | Racism, Republican Party, Tea Party
2 Comments »
LOL! Love Bill Maher sometimes, but that quote is a terrific one!
I've asked the teabaggers to tell us what taxes they've had raised that is breaking the bank for them and they never have an answer, though, last night when I was sleeping one Obama hater on my blog did say she dislikes Obama and his cigarette tax. Yep! The cigarette tax is what has got her all riled up with hate and rage! *shaking head*
Comment by KayInMaine | April 29, 2010 | Reply
I agree, sometimes Bill Maher is great and other times, NOT. I love his show though, because he gets good guests and they actually have lengthy discussion about issues, what a concept.
Comment by ExtremeLiberal | April 29, 2010 | Reply
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The Mars Volta
If Frances the Mute were a horror movie (and with its ominous imagery, that's not much of a stretch), it would thrive on gotcha moments, those sudden shocks that make viewers spill their sodas or otherwise soil their seats. In the past, the Mars Volta has bungled this approach, either administering adrenaline overdoses or inducing terminal boredom during the expository instrumentation. Frances, though, makes glacial momentum shifts compelling, mostly because the payoffs pack Titanic-meets-iceberg impact. The song segments hiding in these epic, four-part suites recall Talking Heads' polyrhythmic punk tribalism and Led Zeppelin's arena-sized mysticism. And like King Crimson, its clearest progressive progenitor, the Mars Volta embraces symphonic string arrangements, slow-winding guitar squiggles, lost-in-the-mix choral accents, and spasmodic signatures. But whereas '70s art-rockers aligned themselves with classical literature, the Mars Volta makes its own mythology. That its inscrutable bilingual lyric sheet offers no easy interpretation of its inspirations only enhances the experience. True terror always comes from what's not shown.
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Next regular meeting Thursday, June 18th at 7pm in Boro Hall.
The Friends would like to thank Maureen Fitzgerald for being our speaker at our Annual Meeting on April 29th at the Markeim Arts Center. We had a wonderful evening and Maureen told us all about Her Daughter's Kitchen and how the program has grown. For more information you can find My Daughter's Kitchen on Facebook as well as at The Vetri Foundation.


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|Boxing Champions | Boxing Schedule | Boxing Video | Boxing History | Pound For Pound | Lounge | The Wire | Audio | Arcade
Big Bad Booty Daddy
Join Date: Sep 2003
Location: New York
Posts: 20,658
Rep Power: 200000
Points: 2,502,103,732,288.01
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Total Points: 2,502,103,732,288.01
Comments Thread For: Erik Morales Will Look To Stop Crolla Before Twelve
Manny Bomaye!!!
Join Date: May 2011
Location: little red dot
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I like to see Erik gets a chance of winning a title at 135 or 140. Hopefully against Vazquez. WAR EL TERRIBLE!!!
Join Date: Apr 2011
Location: Los Angeles
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Good opportunity for Crolla, but going to 140 and fighting at MSG against an old but still world class fighter will probably end up in Crolla being stopped.
Got to give the lad credit for stepping up. Big step up too. He doesnt have an 0 to protect so hopefully he goes out swinging
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Ha Ha whenever you need a bum call europe, particularly Britain. That is the minor leagues over there. Mexicans finding euro bums to feast on, looks like they've found someone they can beat. I thought morales was above that but oh well.
Euro with a nice record beating belfast parking valets and then faces someone with a pulse, stinks out joint. Rinse and repeat.
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Hatton using his goldenboy links again. I doubt Morales has even heard of Crolla no one in Britain has let alone the rest of the world
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Written on: 21/08/2013
ZERO STARS (not an option though). My partner and I booked flights through travel unravel then did not recieve tickets. After constant calling and not being contacted back we finally got through to someone willing to talk to us. And this is when the blatant lying to our faces began. We were constantly made to believe the tickets were booked and given all sorts of reasons why they had not been emailed. After numerous calls we finally called the air-line who informed us that no tickets existed. Long story short, we have had to pay a lot more for tickets and were constantly misled and lied to by this utterly unprofessional group of what can only be described as rip off artists.
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Wednesday's puppy of the day: Aquata
Aquata is a 6-year-old Chihuahua with a big personality for such a pipsqueak. This littlegirl needs some XTLC due to a heart murmur. Aquata came from a puppy mill where she didnt get the love and care she truly deserves. Because of this, she is very timid and cautious around new people. Aquata would be best suited for a quiet home with older children who can show her kindness and respect. For more information,contact theNorth Shore Animal Leagueat(516) 883-7900, EXT. 272. (Credit: Newsday / Sandra Stelmach)
East Garden City now Uniondale Backstage with Broadway's quick-change dressers LI kids meet Giants wide receiver Odell Beckham Jr. The business of tag sales In Nassau, free taxi rides for teens who drink alcohol Schumer advocates for more funds to fight domestic violence NYPD: Suspect shot dead hours after killing his ex at Queens casino American Air Power Museum hosts D-Day simulation Northport Memorial Day Parade Farmingdale VFW memorial honors fallen Marine Farmingdale woman hurt in hit-and-run boating accident Monday's puppy of the Day: Fiona


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Breaking through the mythology surrounding entrepreneurialism may make you a better business person.
Actually, entrepreneurs are *not* risk-takersPosted by ckclarke under Strategy
From http://www.neverpink.com 841 days ago
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I love that it uses the word "kablooie." Pretty much just made my afternoon. :)
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Lol, it was the first time I heard about a website that lists all the failed startups. Never thought that there are so many start ups that fail compared to those who achieve great success.
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Will the English Heritage spin out prove a success?
11 May 2015
David Ainsworth assesses the rationale behind the transfer of English Heritage into the charity sector....
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In our annual review of the Charity Finance Charity 250 Index, there are almost 20 new entrants and exits, finds Diane Sim.
Positive trends in voluntary and legacy income provide a welcome boost to the Charity 250 Index, finds Diane Sim.
Alice Sharman rounds up the latest audit new business wins.
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Topping a sluggish year, the Charity 100 Index has delivered above-average performance and broken through the 3,000 mark, finds Diane Sim
It is a proposal which only seems to work in the banks' favour and not for the people.
Hawkish views on interest rates are creating bearish investor sentiment – despite two years of double-digit returns, finds Diane Sim.
Alice Sharman looks at Charities Evaluation Services' merger with NCVO as well as highlighting some of the latest auditor appointments.
Kirsty Weakley has a look at how an air ambulance charity developed an augmented reality mobile app and other technology partnerships.
Following another lacklustre quarter, the Charity 250 Index has remained virtually static over the last two years, finds Diane Sim.
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11 May 2015
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Template talk:University of Newcastle upon Tyne
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
|WikiProject Universities
|(Rated Template-class)
|WikiProject North East England
|(Rated NA-class)
Template Created[edit]
Template created for Newcastle University - however, a lot of the categories require articles to be written. I shall endeavour to start some but feel free to add them yourselves and change the template as required. It's a fair bit of work to be done. Xtrememachineuk 00:54, 25 June 2007 (UTC)
Template Change[edit]
I thought that the new template would be a bit easier to use and organise, please say if you think otherwise. Xtrememachineuk (talk) 12:16, 5 September 2008 (UTC)


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Characteristics of HCN Channels and Their Participation in Neuropathic Pain
- Yu-Qiu Jiang,
- Qian Sun,
- Hui-Yin Tu,
- You Wan
- … show all 4 hide
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* Final gross prices may vary according to local VAT.Get Access
Neuropathic pain is induced by the injury to nervous systems and characterized by hyperalgesia, allodynia and spontaneous pain. The underlying mechanisms include peripheral and central sensitization resulted from neuronal hyperexcitability. A number of ion channels are considered to contribute to the neuronal hyperexcitability. Here, we particularly concentrate on an interesting ion channel, hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide gated (HCN) channels. We overview its biophysical properties, physiological functions, followed by focusing on the current progress in the study of its role in the development of neuropathic pain. We attempt to provide a comprehensive review of the potential valuable target, HCN channels, in the treatment of neuropathic pain.
- Devor, M (1991) Neuropathic pain and injured nerve: peripheral mechanisms. Br Med Bull 47: pp. 619-630
- Campbell, JN, Meyer, RA (2006) Mechanisms of neuropathic pain. Neuron 52: pp. 77-92 CrossRef
- Scholz, J, Woolf, CJ (2002) Can we conquer pain?. Nat Neurosci 5: pp. 1062-1067 CrossRef
- Woolf, CJ, Salter, MW (2000) Neuronal plasticity: increasing the gain in pain. Science 288: pp. 1765-1769 CrossRef
- Amir, R, Argoff, CE, Bennett, GJ, Cummins, TR, Durieux, ME, Gerner, P, Gold, MS, Porreca, F, Strichartz, GR (2006) The role of sodium channels in chronic inflammatory and neuropathic pain. J Pain 7: pp. S1-S29 CrossRef
- McGivern, JG (2006) Targeting N-type and T-type calcium channels for the treatment of pain. Drug Discov Today 11: pp. 245-253 CrossRef
- Kim, DS, Choi, JO, Rim, HD, Cho, HJ (2002) Downregulation of voltage-gated potassium channel alpha gene expression in dorsal root ganglia following chronic constriction injury of the rat sciatic nerve. Mol Brain Res 105: pp. 146-152 CrossRef
- Brown, SM, Dubin, AE, Chaplan, SR (2004) The role of pacemaker currents in neuropathic pain. Pain Pract 4: pp. 182-193 CrossRef
- Noma, A, Irisawa, H (1976) Membrane currents in the rabbit sinoatrial node cell as studied by the double microelectrode method. Pflugers Arch 364: pp. 45-52 CrossRef
- Ludwig, A, Zong, X, Jeglitsch, M, Hofmann, F, Biel, M (1998) A family of hyperpolarization-activated mammalian cation channels. Nature 393: pp. 587-591 CrossRef
- Santoro, B, Baram, TZ (2003) The multiple personalities of Ih-channels. Trends Neurosci 26: pp. 550-554 CrossRef
- Santoro, B, Liu, DT, Yao, H, Bartsch, D, Kandel, ER, Siegelbaum, SA, Tibbs, GR (1998) Identification of a gene encoding a hyperpolarization-activated pacemaker channel of brain. Cell 93: pp. 717-729 CrossRef
- Santoro, B, Grant, SG, Bartsch, D, Kandel, ER (1997) Interactive cloning with the SH3 domain of N-src identifies a new brain specific ion channel protein, with homology to eag and cyclic nucleotide-gated channels. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 94: pp. 14815-14820 CrossRef
- Finn, JT, Grunwald, ME, Yau, KW (1996) Cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channels: an extended family with diverse functions. Annu Rev Physiol 58: pp. 395-426 CrossRef
- Kaupp, UB, Seifert, R (2001) Molecular diversity of pacemaker ion channels. Annu Rev Physiol 63: pp. 235-257 CrossRef
- Biel, M, Schneider, A, Wahl, C (2002) Cardiac HCN channels: structure, function, and modulation. Trends Cardiovasc Med 12: pp. 206-212 CrossRef
- Moosmang, S, Stieber, J, Zong, X, Biel, M, Hofmann, F, Ludwig, A (2001) Cellular expression and functional characterization of four hyperpolarization-activated pacemaker channels in cardiac and neuronal tissues. Eur J Biochem 268: pp. 1646-1652 CrossRef
- Santoro, B, Tibbs, GR (1999) The HCN gene family: molecular basis of the hyperpolarization-activated pacemaker channels. Ann N Y Acad Sci 868: pp. 741-764 CrossRef
- Pape, HC, McCormick, DA (1989) Noradrenaline and serotonin selectively modulate thalamic burst firing by enhancing a hyperpolarization-activated cation current. Nature 340: pp. 715-718 CrossRef
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- Musialek, P, Lei, M, Brown, HF, Paterson, DJ, Casadei, B (1997) Nitric oxide can increase heart rate by stimulating the hyperpolarization-activated inward current, If. Circ Res 81: pp. 60-68
- Robinson, RB, Siegelbaum, SA (2003) Hyperpolarization-activated cation currents: from molecules to physiological function. Annu Rev Physiol 65: pp. 453-480 CrossRef
- Zolles, G, Klocker, N, Wenzel, D, Weisser-Thomas, J, Fleischmann, BK, Roeper, J, Fakler, B (2006) Pacemaking by HCN channels requires interaction with phosphoinositides. Neuron 52: pp. 1027-1036 CrossRef
- Luthi, A, McCormick, DA (1999) Ca2+-mediated up-regulation of Ih in the thalamus. How cell-intrinsic ionic currents may shape network activity. Ann N Y Acad Sci 868: pp. 765-769 CrossRef
- McCormick, DA, Pape, HC (1990) Properties of a hyperpolarization-activated cation current and its role in rhythmic oscillation in thalamic relay neurones. J Physiol 431: pp. 291-318
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- Chaplan, SR, Guo, HQ, Lee, DH, Luo, L, Liu, C, Kuei, C, Velumian, AA, Butler, MP, Brown, SM, Dubin, AE (2003) Neuronal hyperpolarization-activated pacemaker channels drive neuropathic pain. J Neurosci 23: pp. 1169-1178
- Sun, Q, Xing, GG, Tu, HY, Han, JS, Wan, Y (2005) Inhibition of hyperpolarization-activated current by ZD7288 suppresses ectopic discharges of injured dorsal root ganglion neurons in a rat model of neuropathic pain. Brain Res 1032: pp. 63-69 CrossRef
- van Welie I, van Hooft JA, Wadman WJ (2004) Homeostatic scaling of neuronal excitability by synaptic modulation of somatic hyperpolarization-activated Ih channels. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 101:5123–5128
- Beaumont, V, Zucker, RS (2000) Enhancement of synaptic transmission by cyclic AMP modulation of presynaptic Ih channels. Nat Neurosci 3: pp. 133-141 CrossRef
- Mellor, J, Nicoll, RA, Schmitz, D (2002) Mediation of hippocampal mossy fiber long-term potentiation by presynaptic Ih channels. Science 295: pp. 143-147 CrossRef
- Monteggia, LM, Eisch, AJ, Tang, MD, Kaczmarek, LK, Nestler, EJ (2000) Cloning and localization of the hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channel family in rat brain. Mol Brain Res 81: pp. 129-139 CrossRef
- Moosmang, S, Biel, M, Hofmann, F, Ludwig, A (1999) Differential distribution of four hyperpolarization-activated cation channels in mouse brain. Biol Chem 380: pp. 975-980 CrossRef
- Kawai, F, Horiguchi, M, Suzuki, H, Miyachi, E (2002) Modulation by hyperpolarization-activated cationic currents of voltage responses in human rods. Brain Res 943: pp. 48-55 CrossRef
- Mayer, ML, Westbrook, GL (1983) A voltage-clamp analysis of inward (anomalous) rectification in mouse spinal sensory ganglion neurones. J Physiol 340: pp. 19-45
- Doan, TN, Kunze, DL (1999) Contribution of the hyperpolarization-activated current to the resting membrane potential of rat nodose sensory neurons. J Physiol 514: pp. 125-138 CrossRef
- Tu, H, Deng, L, Sun, Q, Yao, L, Han, JS, Wan, Y (2004) Hyperpolarization-activated, cyclic nucleotide-gated cation channels: roles in the differential electrophysiological properties of rat primary afferent neurons. J Neurosci Res 76: pp. 713-722 CrossRef
- Ingram, SL, Williams, JT (1996) Modulation of the hyperpolarization-activated current (Ih) by cyclic nucleotides in guinea-pig primary afferent neurons. J Physiol 492: pp. 97-106
- Tokimasa, T, Akasu, T (1990) Cyclic AMP regulates an inward rectifying sodium-potassium current in dissociated bull-frog sympathetic neurones. J Physiol 420: pp. 409-429
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- Kitagawa, J, Takeda, M, Suzuki, I, Kadoi, J, Tsuboi, Y, Honda, K, Matsumoto, S, Nakagawa, H, Tanabe, A, Iwata, K (2006) Mechanisms involved in modulation of trigeminal primary afferent activity in rats with peripheral mononeuropathy. Eur J Neurosci 24: pp. 1976-1986 CrossRef
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- Zong, X, Eckert, C, Yuan, H, Wahl-Schott, C, Abicht, H, Fang, L, Li, R, Mistrik, P, Gerstner, A, Much, B, Baumann, L, Michalakis, S, Zeng, R, Chen, Z, Biel, M (2005) A novel mechanism of modulation of hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channels by Src kinase. J Biol Chem 280: pp. 34224-34232 CrossRef
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- Watanabe, I, Wang, HG, Sutachan, JJ, Zhu, J, Recio-Pinto, E, Thornhill, WB (2003) Glycosylation affects rat Kv1.1 potassium channel gating by a combined surface potential and cooperative subunit interaction mechanism. J Physiol 550: pp. 51-66 CrossRef
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- Amir, R, Michaelis, M, Devor, M (2002) Burst discharge in primary sensory neurons: triggered by subthreshold oscillations, maintained by depolarizing after potentials. J Neurosci 22: pp. 1187-1198
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- Bal, T, McCormick, DA (1997) Synchronized oscillations in the inferior olive are controlled by the hyperpolarization-activated cation current I(h). J Neurophysiol 77: pp. 3145-3156
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- Kroin, JS, Buvanendran, A, Beck, DR, Topic, JE, Watts, DE, Tuman, KJ (2004) Clonidine prolongation of lidocaine analgesia after sciatic nerve block in rats is mediated via the hyperpolarization-activated cation current, not by alpha-adrenoreceptors. Anesthesiology 101: pp. 488-494 CrossRef
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- Ji, RR, Kohno, T, Moore, KA, Woolf, CJ (2003) Central sensitization and LTP: do pain and memory share similar mechanisms?. Trends Neurosci 26: pp. 696-705 CrossRef
- Bucchi, A, Barbuti, A, Baruscotti, M, Difrancesco, D (2007) Heart rate reduction via selective 'funny' channel blockers. Curr Opin Pharmacol 7: pp. 208-213 CrossRef
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- Ludwig, A, Budde, T, Stieber, J, Moosmang, S, Wahl, C, Holthoff, K, Langebartels, A, Wotjak, C, Munsch, T, Zong, X, Feil, S, Feil, R, Lancel, M, Chien, KR, Konnerth, A, Pape, HC, Biel, M, Hofmann, F (2003) Absence epilepsy and sinus dysrhythmia in mice lacking the pacemaker channel HCN2. EMBO J 22: pp. 216-224 CrossRef
- Stieber, J, Herrmann, S, Feil, S, Loster, J, Feil, R, Biel, M, Hofmann, F, Ludwig, A (2003) The hyperpolarization-activated channel HCN4 is required for the generation of pacemaker action potentials in the embryonic heart. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 100: pp. 15235-15240 CrossRef
- Er, F, Larbig, R, Ludwig, A, Biel, M, Hofmann, F, Beuckelmann, DJ, Hoppe, UC (2003) Dominant-negative suppression of HCN channels markedly reduces the native pacemaker current I(f) and undermines spontaneous beating of neonatal cardiomyocytes. Circulation 107: pp. 485-489 CrossRef
- Title
- Characteristics of HCN Channels and Their Participation in Neuropathic Pain
- Journal
Neurochemical Research
Volume 33, Issue 10 , pp 1979-1989
- Cover Date
- 2008-10-01
- 10.1007/s11064-008-9717-6
- Print ISSN
- 0364-3190
- Online ISSN
- 1573-6903
- Publisher
- Springer US
- Additional Links
- Topics
- Keywords
- Hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide gated cation channels (HCN)
- I h
- Neuropathic pain
- Ectopic discharges
- Peripheral sensitization
- Industry Sectors
- Authors
- Yu-Qiu Jiang (1) (2)
- Qian Sun (1) (3)
- Hui-Yin Tu (1) (4)
- You Wan (1) (2) (5)
- Author Affiliations
- 1. Neuroscience Research Institute, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
- 2. Department of Neurobiology, Peking University, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
- 3. Department of Biology, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, 02454, USA
- 4. Department of Physiology, Basic Medical College of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, People's Republic of China
- 5. Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Peking University, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China


text:
At Dallas Children's Theater, 'Twas the Night before Christmas Sweetens the Plot
Sweet as a bushel of sugar cookies, light as a snowflake, 'Twas the Night before Christmas is safe family fare on the big stage at Dallas Children's Theater. The play-with-music pretends to tell the back story of how 19th century American journalist Clement C. Moore came up with that poem, the one about the jolly old elf and his eight tiny reindeer.
Moore was working under deadline pressure, or so says the show. Assigned to write a special Christmas feature for the newspaper favored by President James Monroe, Moore (played by Brad Jackson, who brings much-needed clowning to several otherwise slow-as-Christmas scenes) stays up to the wee hours and begins seeing visions of sugarplum fairies, who serve as his Muses. In DCT's production, with a large cast directed by DCT artistic director Robyn Flatt, the fairies are eight mischievous ballerinas in sparkly makeup, flitting around like flirty sprites.
The fairies are joined by a line of dancing toys and then by Saint Nicholas himself (Ryan Page), shimmying down the chimney in his red velvet finery. (Scenery and props by H. Bart McGeehon are lavishly rendered, with the Moores' home spanning two levels, with a wide staircase, a spinning Christmas tree and lots of windows. Costumes by Lyle Huchton pile on rich fabrics, candy colors and fanciful details, like the spangled tiaras on the fairies.)
During his night of writing — yes, there are sequences of Brad Jackson sitting on a stool, pretending to write with a feather as time tick-tocks by — Moore makes some crucial edits. "'Twas the night prior to Christmas," he scratches onto parchment with his quill, "and the family was in the house and nowhere a mouse was heard." Just doesn't have the same catchy cadence as the final version, right?
Every scene in this show is arranged like a pretty Christmas card picture. And if some of the dialogue by playwright-lyricist Jennifer Kirkeby is as flat as cardboard, well, there's always a peppy song (composed by Shirley Mier) coming up. And what a fine bunch of carolers DCT has gathered. Playing Mrs. Moore is newcomer Monique Abry, blessed with ingenue beauty and a strong soprano trill. The Moore offspring — Finley Jennings, Emma Colwell, Drew Favors and Kuran Patel (alternating with others) — are all strong singers, too. As are choristers Wendy Welch, Deborah Brown, Sheran Goodspeed Keyton, Johnny Lee and, as a smiling toy soldier, assistant director K. Doug Miller.
Poet Moore's verse actually was written for his own children. He read it to them on Christmas Eve, 1822. Titled "A Visit from St. Nicholas," it was published anonymously the following year. Moore wasn't named as the author until decades later when the work was included in an anthology. He lived in the wrong century to benefit from the squillion and one adaptations for film and TV. After all, he was the first to give Santa's reindeer their names: Dasher, Dancer, Prancer, Vixen, Comet, Cupid, Donner and Blitzen. (We have never heard enough about Vixen, who seems ripe for a saucy bio-pic of her own, don't you think?)
'Twas the Night before Christmas runs until three nights before Christmas, with plenty of matinees geared toward the target audience and to grandparents who no longer drive at night.
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text:
Film: Aloha
Starring: Bradley Cooper, Emma Stone, Rachel McAdams
Directed by: Cameron Crowe
Director Cameron Crowe, the guy who brought us the masterpiece that is Almost Famous, has been on a sharp decline in quality ever since that 2000 effort. Vanilla Sky was an ambiguous mess and Elizabethtown was the most self-indulgent road movie to date. We Bought a Zoo wasn't terrible, but it was nevertheless harmless fluff. Aloha is no different. Is it a romantic drama? Is it a screwball comedy? Is it a drama steeped in supernatural Hawaiian mythos? Well, it tries and fails to be all …


text:
Chub Life by PostScripting
©2012-2015 PostScripting
It's not shipping. Just chubby ponies.
yeah, this turned out to be prophetic. SnipSeed is going to be a popular ship for the next week or so...
That's not the only thing in common, if what was hinted at in the most recent episode is any indication.
I like how Babs is actually a bit chubbier than the rest of the CMC. I blame city life for it
The idea is cutie, but could it happen?
babs is chubbeh?
She was slightly larger than the CMC. Whether it was chub, or she was simply a bit more grown up... I dunno.
I can sense someone is going to consider shipping these two. (NOT me).
nope. Not chubby for me. You even did Snips less chubbier than canon XD
I'll try harder next time.
Nope, no shipping. No shipping at all.
...though they do look cute togeth--No, no no no! No shipping!
Maybe a little shipping...
...though they do look cute togeth--No, no no no! No shipping!
Maybe a little shipping...
Now all this needs is Truffle Shuffle.
Boo! Babs isn't chubby! she's just full of Manehatten Rage!
But yeah cute pic none the less.
But yeah cute pic none the less.
i don't think she is chubby i think she is older
She's a bit bigger than the CMC, so I just went and drew it like this. It's just a silly picture.


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