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Words: 3,814 March 15, 2004 DRAFT Chapter 2. Official Transmission Data 1. Introduction This chapter describes official data pertaining to electricity transmission. Official data is defined as information produced by the Federal and State governments, their agents and regulated entities, such as Independent System Operators (ISOs) and some data produced by the North American Electric Reliability Council (NERC). The sources of Federal transmission data are the Department of Energy- mainly the Energy Information Administration (EIA) and the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC)- and the Department of Agriculture's Rural Utilities Service (RUS). Only NERC data that are routinely and readily supplied to DOE, EIA and FERC are treated as Official data. 2. Transmission Technology, Industry Organization and Data Collection Transmitting electricity over long distances is not new. As early as 1893, a hydroelectric generation plant was transmitting alternating current electricity from San Antonio Creek, California, over 40 miles to San Bernardino, California over a 10kV line.1 These lines were not typically connected to lines owned by other generating companies. By the late 1920s, utilities realized that connecting to neighboring systems had economic benefits. Because of diversity in adjacent systems' peak loads and in generating plant outage times, interconnections permitted significant reductions in total installed capacity without reductions in overall service reliability. Even before World War II, improvements in transmission technology, especially high voltage transmission lines, permitted electricity to be economically shipped hundreds of miles. In 1936 the Tennessee Valley Authority, for example, built a 230-mile, high voltage (154 kV) line linking Norris Dam near Knoxville, Tennessee with Wilson Dam at Muscle Shoals, Alabama.2 This capability encouraged more utilities to interconnect. Following the East Coast Blackout of 1965, utilities banded together to form the North American Electric Reliability Council in 1968 to promote the reliability of the grid. The Federal Government promoted utility interconnections and regional planning as a means to protect system reliability and encourage economic growth. Regional transmission planning and coordination is a challenge partially because of the size of the domestic industry and because of the variety and number of entities owning a piece of the grid. New England's grid delivers more electricity than does the United Kingdom's. Ownership of the grid is spread across 240 investor owned utilities, 2009 public utilities, 894 cooperatives and nine Federal utilities. Investor owned utilities sell about 74% of all electricity to final customers, publicly owned utilities sell about 16%, cooperatives sell about 9% and Federal utilities sell the remainder.3 Each operates in a different legal (regulatory) and economic 1 U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, The History of Hydropower Development in the United States, July 13, 2003, www.usbr.gov/power/edu/history. 2 www.newdeal.feri.org/library/r39.htm 3 EIA, Table 1. Selected Electric Utility Data By Ownership, 2000. The table is available at www.eia.doe.gov/cneaf/electricity/public/t01p01p1. 1 environment. The interconnected electric transmission grid evolved over time in response to particular economic opportunities and common problems facing literally thousands of thousands of diverse entities. This diversity is reflected in the data. Two Federal agencies and two Departments collect information on electricity transmission. The Federal Energy Regulatory Commission collects transmission information from investor owned utilities and other entities it regulates. The Energy Information Administration collects similar information from entities outside of FERC jurisdiction— Independent Power Producers (IPPs), cooperatives, municipal systems, Federal power and Texas. EIA also collects data from generators under FERC jurisdiction. The Department of Energy collects trade data with Canada and Mexico. The Department of Agriculture collects data from cooperatives having loans with the Rural Utilities Service. Facility owners and system operators collect electrical data at specific points on the grid- generators, substations, and customer meters- to control and charge customers for using the system. This electrical control and associated company economic data are the building blocks for all other data collections and reporting. Data collection agencies aggregate owner and operator information up the hierarchies of electrical control- buses, to control area, to ISOs, to NERC regions to Interconnections-and ownership. The text box describes the electrical hierarchy. Electrical Control Hierarchies: Definitions Interconnection - a connected alternating current power grid that operates at the same frequency in synchronization. There are three interconnections in the U.S., the Western interconnection, the Eastern interconnection and Texas (ERCOT). Because, by definition, these are not synchronized with each other, AC power lines cannot connect them. DC lines can, but, because DC lines are expensive and because the physical separations are often large, the connections between interconnections are very weak. ISO- an organization approved by FERC that oversees, and can control, the operation of generators, transmission companies and markets within the ISO's area. ISOs can function as super control areas to control power flows into and out of the ISO's area. NERC Region- a voluntary association of interconnected transmission systems and generators that jointly plan, schedule and operate to ensure system resources and procedures protect reliability. NERC regions include multiple control areas and can include more than one ISO. Control Area – an electric system consisting of one or more electric utilities capable of regulating their generation to maintain a schedule of electricity flows. Bus- any place where wires come together or connect equipment such as generators, transformers, capacitors and sub-stations to the grid. Government agencies generally attempt to report the data they collect by ownership (regulatory status), electrical control and political subdivision. Table 2-1 and the accompanying maps show 2 the structure and number of the electrical control and political hierarchies. Interconnections, ISOs, NERC Regions, and States generally encompass a mix of entities with differing ownership, regulatory requirements, and boundaries, both geographic and electrical. That organizational complexity alone makes it difficult to estimate regional totals or to make sharp interregional comparisons. But organizational complexity is not the only challenge. As markets for energy develop, the grid's economics and operations are becoming more integrated. Prices, supplies and reliability are not as closely associated with individual firms as in the past. Neither power flows nor markets begin and end at ownership and jurisdictional boarders. Even if they did, individual companies and system operators rarely have complete information on topics of policy interest. Federal and State policy makers are forced to look beyond individual company reports and political boundaries to inform their oversight of the grid. Table 2-1. Electrical and Political/jurisdictional data collection and reporting hierarchies Electrical (number) Political/Jurisdictional (number) Interconnections 3 Countries 3 ISOs 6 Census Divisions 10 NERC Regions 10 States (Contiguous) 48 Control Areas About 140 Utility service areas About 3100 Figure 2-1. NERC Interconnections and Regions 3 Figure 2-2. ISOs Source: EIA, MISO Figure 2-3. NERC Regions and Control Areas 4 When there is a fundamental change in the way an industry does business, as is now happening in electricity, the basic data needed to describe the industry must also change. Federal Agencies charged with collecting industrial data must modify how they collect data and on occasion need to acquire new kinds of data. The Agencies must also develop new ways of aggregating and disaggregating basic reports to accommodate new organizational and market boundaries. Given the physical and institutional complexity of the industry, and the variety of government interests in particular parts of the industry, it is not surprising that the data for answering relatively new questions about transmission are uneven, and even non-existent. 3. Official Transmission Data Being Collected The official data elements describing the existing system relate to: Physical assets; Configuration of these assets as a power delivery system; Performance of that system under normal and emergency conditions; and Economic Data-Cost, investment and price. Some of the data refers to generation and demand because transmission is meaningless without them. The official data describing the planned system include: Projected facility additions/retirements; Projected performance of the planned system in meeting future needs. Most Federal transmission data are collected on survey forms. The Paperwork Reduction Act (PRA) requires each Federal agency to seek and obtain Office of Management and Budget (OMB) approval before undertaking a collection of information directed to ten or more persons, or continuing a collection for which the OMB approval will expire. Under the PRA, OMB approval for an agency to use each information collection instrument can last a maximum of three years. For questionnaires and forms, agencies are required to provide the public with 60- day notice in the Federal Register requesting comments from the public and affected agencies before submitting the information collection package for OMB review. The Federal Government currently fields 11 major data collection instruments directly relevant to transmission. Table 2-2 exhibits these forms and their target respondents. Table 2-2. Federal Data Collections Agency Respondents Form number NAME FERC IOUs FERC 1 Annual Report of Electric Utilities, Licenses, and Others Control Areas FERC 714 Annual Electric Control and Planning Area Report IOUs or NERC FERC 715 Annual Transmission Planning and Evaluation Report EIA NERC EIA 411 Coordinated Bulk Power Supply Program Report Public &Federal EIA 412 Annual Electric Industry Financial Report 5 G&T Cooperatives Electric utilities EIA 417R Electric Power System Emergency Report generators>IMW EIA 860 Annual Electric Generator Report Industry participants EIA 861 Annual Electric Power Industry Report DOE FE-781R Annual Report of International Electric Import/Export Data RUS Cooperatives RUS 7 Report for Electrical Distribution Borrowers …Borrowers with Generating Facilities RUS 12 Independent System Operators and the North American Electric Reliability Council (NERC) typically produce electronic reports, often databases, on system operations as a part of their system monitoring and oversight responsibilities. These reports are specific to the needs of the particular collecting organization and can change quickly. They also write market oversight reports and planning documents, usually annually. NERC data mostly pertain to their members; ISO data mainly involves physical and economic transactions within their boundaries. Data collected and disseminated by the ISOs are generally available on their websites in spreadsheet or database format. Some ISOs provide summary reports on much of the data collected, while others simply provide the raw data. The data elements individual ISOs collect and make available to government and the public varies greatly. NERC disseminates unique data collections such as the Transmission Loading Relief reports filed by Reliability Coordinators.4 They also provide Reliability Assessments, based on the data they and others collect, and make the assessments available at their website. These reports are at a regional level, and provide an overview of system reliability, rather than the detailed data and analyses they used to reach their judgments about reliability. In addition to the data unique to NERC, the Council provides compilations of data from the Form EIA-411 (and additional, non- transmission related forms) in their Electricity Supply & Demand Database (ES&D). The reports are available on the NERC website. The ES&D is sold on NERC's website, however, Government entities can receive a copy of the database upon request. The appendix to this chapter summarizes the principal Federal transmission data collections. Table 2-3 is a summary of the transmission data currently collected by the Federal Government and associated organizations, and lists the available data elements. An empty box indicates no existing collection of that data element and type on the associated form. Although a particular data element such as ―voltage‖ is being collected on five forms this does not mean that the government is asking individual data respondents the same question five times. Instead, Investor Owned Utilities report on the FERC Form 1 and Public Power Facilities, Municipals, Coops and others not reporting to FERC report on the EIA 411. These forms essentially identify what 4 A reliability coordinator is an individual or organization responsible for the safe and reliable operation of the interconnected transmission system for their defined area, in accordance with NERC reliability standards, regional criteria, and subregional criteria and practices. 6 individual companies and other entities own. The EIA 412 associates power line rated voltage and other information with NERC regions. The FERC 714 presents voltage data by control region. The FERC 715 identifies nominal operating voltage and a host of electrical parameters by individual line number and buses in an electrical network. Planned transmission elements are indicated on the EIA-411 and the FERC 715. The variety of forms directly reflects the complexity of the industry and the electrical system. Several of EIA's collections can be understood as complimenting FERC collections. The FERC Form 1 is the major Federal source of financial and facilities data about investor owned utilities. The EIA 412 collects similar data from entities not reporting to FERC. The FERC Forms 714 and 715 are important sources of official data used for Federal oversight of reliability plans, which, in the case of the 715 includes electrical modeling of the grid. EIA's Form 411 includes information on the ―adequacy‖ of existing and planned generation for meeting projected demand and on new transmission facilities that is not captured on the FERC 714.5 The EIA form also includes electrical data on new lines that are not already included on the FERC form 715. Finally the EIA Form 417 collects information on power outages and the DOE's Form FE-781R reports international power flows, neither are collected by FERC. Similarly the RUS collects detailed information on its clients, cooperatives. Cooperatives are not under FERC jurisdiction. NERC and the ISO's are the other major source of transmission data. NERC typically works with its members to assemble, verify and submit the data appearing on the EIA411, 412 and the FERC 715. NERC also collects a great deal of information about power flows, system disturbances, and curtailments.6 Most of the data is not public and little of that data is immediately and routinely available to the Federal government. There is no publicly available document describing precisely what data NERC does collect and archive. ISOs collect and release a variety of performance data as part of their normal operations. ISO high frequency (hourly) data generally refer to markets-prices, generation, imports and exports. While each ISO generates vast amounts of virtually real-time operating, scheduling, planning, and bidding data, the ways in which the data are defined, collected, formatted, and made available to the public are not congruent from organization to organization. The data do not necessarily cover matching time frames, nor are the data of the same scope in most cases. ISOs also produce a variety of reports on market oversight, their planning processes and planned investments. Similar information exists outside of the ISOs but is rarely made public. The data available to describe transmission and related markets in most of the United States is limited to that collected by the Federal government. 5 Chapter 3 discusses ―adequacy‖ in the context of reliability. 6 See, for example, ―fast links‖ on NERC's website, www.nerc.com, 7 Many of the suggestions for improving the data available for public policy analysis of transmission issues involves standardizing data that is now collected within the ISOs, extending that standardized collection to areas outside of ISOs and coordinating Federal and NERC data efforts. 8 Table 2-3. Transmission Data Elements and Related Collection Systems Data Collection Systems About Physical Assets About System & Performance FERC FERC Transmission Data FERC Form RUS RUS Form Form Form Form Form Form FE- Elements Form 1 EIA-412 Form 7 Form 12 EIA-411 EIA-417 EIA-861 714 715 781R ISOsa NERCb OATTc Facilities – Physical Assets Line data Voltage (AC or HVDC) ● ● ● ● ● Line design information ● ● ● Capability ● Location (terminals) ● ● ● ● Length (miles) ● ● ● ● Ownership ● ● ● ● Stations/terminals data Name & location ● ● ● Voltages ● ● ● Function ● Load (MVA) ● ● ● ● ● Other trans. facilities ● ● ● ● Electrical Configuration Electrical configuration ● ● ● ● ● Miles of line by voltage ● ● ● ● Control area ● interconnection Performance System operating data System loading ● ● Transfer capabilities ● ● Congestion (duration) ● TLRs ● System disturbances ● ● ● Losses ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 9 Table 2-3. Transmission Data Elements and Related Collection Systems Data Collection Systems About Physical Assets About System & Performance FERC FERC Transmission Data FERC Form RUS RUS Form Form Form Form Form Form FE- Elements Form 1 EIA-412 Form 7 Form 12 EIA-411 EIA-417 EIA-861 714 715 781R ISOsa NERCb OATTc Economics Cost, price, rate, revenue, and fee data Capital costs line/struct. ● ● ● ● System O &M costs ● ● ● ● ● Balance sheet info ● ● ● ● Connection costs Trans. service rates ● ● Ancillary service rates ● ● Trans. service revenue ● ● Ancillary service revenue ● ● Nodal prices ● R&D expense ● Transaction datad Interregional transactions ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● Intraregional transactions ● ● ● ● ● ● ● International ● ● ● imports/exports a Data available from one Independent System Operators (ISOs) is not necessarily available from another ISO; nor are the data always comparable. b The North American Electric Reliability Council (NERC) may provide access to some of the data elements in this chart that are not noted, however they are not the primary source of the data they disseminate. c Open Access Transmission Tariffs. d This is not an indicator of capability but a validation that the transmission systems facilitate economic transactions. 10 Table 2-4. Data for Facility and Reliability Planning Data Collection Systems Planned Transmission System Data Elements Form FERC Form 715 ISOs EIA-411 Planned System Electrical configuration ● ● Miles of line by voltage ● System Operating Data System loading ● Congestion ● Individual line information Voltage (AC or HVDC) ● ● Capability ● ● Location (terminal) ● ● Length (miles) Cost Ownership ● ● Projected in-service date ● Stations/Terminals Location ● ● Voltages ● ● Function ● Load (MW/MVAR) ● ● Capacitors (VAR) ● Ownership ● ● Projected in-service date ● Appendix: Federal Data Collections FERC Form 1, "Annual Report of Major Electric Utilities, Licensees and Others," is filed with the FERC and can provide DOE/EIA with a comprehensive listing of transmission data for investor-owned utilities. Data from this form include line location, voltage rating, structure type, conductor information, number of circuits, and land and construction costs. This form also delineates whether the data are related to either old or new transmission lines. The FERC Form 1 is one of the most useful data sources for investor-owned utilities with critical information related to transmission line identification, ownership, physical/electrical characteristics, and cost. FERC Form 714, "Annual Electric Control and Planning Area Report," is filed annually by electric utility or group of electric utilities that operate a control area with annual peak demand greater than 200 megawatts. Information related to transmission reported on this form includes 11 adjacent control area names, control area interconnection line/bus names, control area scheduled and actual interchanges, and corresponding line/bus voltage. FERC Form 715, "Annual Transmission Planning and Evaluation Report," is filed annually by any transmitting utility that operates network (not radial) transmission facilities at or above 100 kV. In the case of joint ownership, only the operator of the facilities must complete the FERC Form 715. FERC requires each transmitting utility to submit in electronic form its base case power flow data if it does not participate in the development and use of regional power flow data. A respondent that participates in the development and use of regional power flow studies must either submit the regional base case power flow data or designate the regional organization to submit such data. Also included in the submittal are transmission system maps and one-line diagrams, a detailed description of the transmission planning reliability criteria used to evaluate system performance, and a detailed evaluation of the respondent's anticipated system performance as measured against its stated reliability criteria using its stated assessment practices. Form EIA-411, "Coordinated Bulk Power Supply Program Report," is intended to provide DOE/EIA with an industry-wide source of information regarding regional supply and demand projections for a 5-year advance period. The utilities and other electricity suppliers submit their Form EIA-411 information to their respective NERC regional councils by April 1 of each year. NERC collects the data from the regional councils and then NERC provides the data to DOE/EIA. The data reported to DOE/EIA in this form consists of a comprehensive list of supply and demand figures for each NERC regional council. Also included in the Form EIA-411 are transmission line maps, proposed transmission line data (including location, line length, expected service date, kV rating, and ownership) and load flow studies. Finally, the Form EIA-411 provides information on capacity sales and purchases across regions. Form EIA-412, "Annual Electric Industry Financial Report," is filed annually by municipal and Federal utilities and includes information similar to the FERC Form 1. Data from the Form EIA-412 includes line location, voltage rating, structure type, conductor information, number of circuits, and land and construction costs. This form also delineates whether the data are related to either old or new transmission lines. This form contains very useful data from municipal utilities with critical information related to transmission line identification, ownership, and physical/electrical characteristics. Additionally, the form initiated collection of transmission data from the cooperatives that own generation starting with the 2001 annual data. Form EIA-417, "Emergency Incident and Disturbance Report," is filed at each occurrence of a loss of transmission ability by those electric utilities that operate a Control Area and/or Reliability Coordinators, or other electric utility, as appropriate. The type, cause, and extent of the emergency are reported, as well as the response and the eventual resolution of the emergency. Most of the types of emergencies reported on this form occur on local distribution systems rather than on transmission systems. Form EIA-860, "Annual Electric Generator Report," collects data on the status of existing electric generating plants and associated equipment in the United States, and those scheduled for 12 initial commercial operation within 5 years of the filing of this report. The Form EIA-860 is to be completed for all electric generating plants, which have or will have a nameplate rating of 1 megawatt (1000 kW) or more, and are operating or plan to be operating within 5 years of the year of this form. The operator (or planned operator) of jointly-owned plants should be the only respondent for those plants.‖ Data are collected at the generator level, and include fuel source. EIA also collects monthly information about electricity generation and fuel use. The respondents include both those in the electricity generation industry, as well as those that are in other industries (such as manufacturing) that also generate electricity (the latter are referred to as combined heat and power plants.) Form EIA-861, "Annual Electric Power Industry Report," reports on the status of electric power industry participants involved in the generation, transmission, and distribution of electric energy in the United States, its territories, and Puerto Rico. Electric power industry participants include: electric utilities, wholesale power marketers (registered with the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission), energy service providers (registered with the States), and electric power producers. . Form EIA-861 collects information on: owned or leased transmission lines, purchases (sales) of transmission services on other electrical systems, Wholesale power marketing, retail power marketing and Demand-side management (DSM) programs are designed to modify patterns of electricity usage, including the timing and level of electricity demand. Form FE 781R collects electrical import/export data from entities authorized to export electric energy, and to construct, connect, operate or maintain facilities for the transmission of electric energy at an international boundary as required by 10 CFR 205.308 and 205.325. Actual imports and exports of electricity are reported in detail by month. Export authorization holders primarily report quarterly while Presidential Permit holders report annually. DOE uses these data to track electricity being imported into the United States. RUS Form 7, "Financial and Statistical Report for Electrical Distribution Borrowers," is filed annually by current RUS borrowers that do not own generation. Data from this form includes miles of transmission lines and transmission operating and maintenance expenses. The information included in the RUS Form 7 is somewhat limited in detail and scope and does not provide as much critical data as the preceding non-RUS forms. RUS Form 12, "Financial and Statistical Report for Power Supply Borrowers and Electric Distribution Borrowers with Generating Facilities," is filed annually by current RUS borrowers that own generation. Data from this form includes miles of transmission lines by voltage, limited substation information, and transmission operating and maintenance expenses. The information included in the RUS Form 12 is also somewhat limited in detail and scope and does not provide as much critical data as the preceding non-RUS forms. 13
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Carmignac furthers its European expansion by opening an office in Zurich
After 12 years distributing its actively managed Funds in Switzerland, Carmignac announces the opening of its subsidiary in Zurich, demonstrating its long-term commitment to ensure transparency, high quality service and state-of-the-art investment solutions for Swiss based investors.
Under the leadership of Marco Fiorini who is Head of Country since 2011, the 6-member Swiss team will have the task to strengthen their relationships with Swiss Retail and Wholesale clients through a tailor-made regional approach.
Carmignac has successfully built strong business partnerships with major distributors in all parts of Switzerland to serve Swiss and international client needs. It now envisages to ensure that Swiss Retail clients have the same opportunities to invest with Carmignac as in all other European countries. The full fund range is available to the Swiss based clients including share classes in Swiss Franc, US Dollar, British Pound and Euro.
In addition, Carmignac recently launched a new monthly distribution share class within its Carmignac Portfolio Patrimoine fund which sums up to 5% p.a1. This new solution enables Swiss based investors to draw an income from their investment and tackle their retirement challenge, especially in a context of negative interest rate situation. These solutions allow them to diversify their portfolios and benefit from our 26 years of outstanding returns and risk management during financial crisis.
Edouard Carmignac, Chairman of Carmignac Gestion: "We are willing to help Swiss investors to face their main challenges, namely achieving financial serenity for retirement, preserving wealth and drawing an income from savings and investments.This has been the essence of my conviction when creating Carmignac Patrimoine and today with the new Carmignac Portfolio Patrimoine Mdis shareclass we make an important step into the retirement challenge."
In line with its long-term business model, Carmignac has been distributing funds across 12 countries over the last 26 years, and also operates in Luxembourg, Frankfurt, Milan, Madrid, London and Zurich.
Carmignac's Swiss office is located in the heart of Zurich's financial centre – Talstrasse 65 CH-8001 Zurich (http://www.carmignac.ch/en).

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OTC rear axle bearing service sets are designed to remove axle bearings from rear semi-floating differentials- The kits work with any 5/8-18 in- threaded slide hammers- Small puller that fits 1 in- to 1 7/8 in- bearing tubes Medium puller that fits 1 5/16 in- to 2 3/8 in- bearing tubes Large puller that fits 1 3/8 in- to 2 7/8 in- bearing tubes Storage case SKU: EGLE1163
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At last: A Balanced Picture of What's Going on at PAL
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June 12, 1956 J. M. TIEN ET AL PHOTOCOPYING APPARATUS 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed Sept. 16, 1953 INVENTORS (/flC/f M. 775 7'50 SHEA/Q M4 ATTO RN EY June 12, 1956 J. M. TlEN ET AL 2,749,821
PHOTOCOPYING APPARATUS Filed Sept. 16, 1953 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 lNVENTORS Me/z M. 77 w Tsu SHE/VG M4 BY Wwd:
ATTORNEY United States Patent 2,749,821 rnorocorrnse APPARATUS Jack M. Tien and Tsu Sheng Ma, New York, N. Y.
Application September 16, 1953, Serial No. 380,389
3 Claims. (Cl. 95'--77.'5)
This invention relates to photographic copying apparatus. It relates, more particularly to such equipment for photocopying or contact printing, in form that may be used in copying a page in a boundvolume such as a book or magazine and without a dark room.
In the numerous photographic machines'now on the market, there is ditficulty in obtaining exposure to the copying process of the edge of the printed matter nearest to the backbone of .a tightly bound volume such as a book or magazine. The procedure ordinarily followed, in an effort to meet this difiiculty, is opening the book and pressing the book as nearly fiat as possible, to expose the printing which is to be copied. Frequently there is blurring of the print of the printed page near the backbone of the volume, because of improper focus at that part of the page. Also the commercial equipment is heavy, cumbersome and relatively expensive.
we provide a simple device which is portable and may be taken by the reader himself to the library or other room where he may wish to make photographic copies and that gives a clear copy of all the printed page, whether bound in a tight volume or not.
Briefly stated, our invention comprises a translucent, generally tubular support provided with a longitudinal opening adapting the tubes edge, which defines one side of the opening, to fit into the groove at the backbone of an opened volume while the edge defining the opposite side of the opening rests upon the upwardly convex or bulging surface of the page that is opposite the one which it is desired to copy. A conventional source of light of photochemical activity is disposed within the support. Our invention comprises, also, the herein described means of holding this source of light centrally or axially within the support.
A modification of the invention includes a clip member for holding the photosensitive copying paper, tightly and in conformed relationship, against the page to be copied and around the said support. Another modification includes means, such as a defiectable curtain or a shape retaining member, substantially closing the said longitudinal opening within the tubular support,
The invention will be illustrated by description in connection with the attached drawings to which reference is made.
Fig. 1 is a perspective view of the preferred form of the invention, the various parts being in disassembled relationship for purposes of better display.
Fig. 2 is a perspective view of the apparatus in assembled form, with the sheet of copying paper, the page to be copied, and a protective sheet in the condition of being only partially bent around'the' support, the holding clip being removed and the view being partly broken away for clearness of illustration.
Fig. 3 is a transverse sectional view of the assembly of Fig. 2 after the various sheets have been completely bent or shaped around the translucent support and the cliphas been placed in position.
Fig. 4 is a fragmentary sectional view showing an as- 2 sembly of operating parts when the copying paper is behind the page to be copied, this being the condition for giving a direct reading negative.
Fig. 5 is a transverse sectional view of the modification in which a curtain is included to cover the opening in the tubular support.
Fig. 6 is a partial longitudinal sectional view on section line 6-6 of Fig. 3, the view being inthe direction of the arrows.
Fig, 7 is a fragmentary perspective of amodified form of the invention.
In the figures there are shown a translucentv support 2 provided with a longitudinal opening at least as long as the page to be copied, with end closing pieces 4 and 6, a conventional source of photochemical light- 8, here in the form of a tubular incandescentlight with leads 10 for attachment to a conventional source of electric current (not shown). Fluorescent or lumiline light may be used. The end 4 includes a slot 12 for insertion of the lamp and end 6 contains a circular receiver 14. to receive an end of the lamp.
The member 16, for closing the longitudinal opening in the tubular support is shape retaining, of arcuate cross section and of size and proportions to slip through the arcuate slot 20 in the end piece 6 and to be receivedin the arcuate element 18 in end piece 4.
There are shown also an open volume 22 (here a book) with backbone 24, page 26 which is to be copied, the copying paperv 28, protecting sheet 30 suitably oflight opaque material, and clip 32' shaped to fitover the assembly as shown in Fig. 3.
In the assembly shown in Fig.4, the sheet to be photographed lies against the translucent support with the copying sheet on the side of the paper away from'the support.
The deflectable flexible curtain 34 (Fig. 5) serves to close the opening defined between the edges 36 and 38in the generally tubular support member 2. The curtain isdefiected inwardly. when necessary to permit a bulging part of the book pages to protrude partly within the support.
The edges 36 and 38 are free, that is, unobstructed by any underlying part of the apparatus. Also the edges are spaced apart so that the opening defined therebetween is of substantial width. These features adapt one of the edges to fit into the groove at the backbone of an opened book while the other edgerests upon a page opposite the page to be copied and at asubstantial distance from the said groove.
In the modification shown: in Fig, 7, the clip 32 is replaced by cover 43 with fasteners 45 for clipping to the edges 36 and 38 of the support, at positions beyond the ends of the page to be printed. This cover is flexible and is fitted tightly over the assembly of sheets.
The operation of the device will be largely evident from the description that has been given and particularly from Fig. 3. The longitudinal opening defined between the edges 36 and 38 adapts the one edge to fit into the groove atthe backbone 24 of the book or other volume while the opposite edge restsupon the curved, upwardly bulging page 40 opposite the page which isto be copied. The page to be copied is bent around the cylinder and held smoothly thereover. The photosensitive copying sheet is also shaped around the cylinder and caused to conform closely with the page to be copied, the copying sheet being either inside the page to be copied or outside, the positionsdepending upon whether the page to be copied is printed on both sides.
- When the assembly has been made, with the copying sheet on the proper side of the page to be copied, then the protecting sheet 30.is applied and finally the clip 32 or the flexible cover of Fig. 7, although the clip and cover may both be dispensed with and the assembly held manually though less conveniently.
After the assembly is made, the page to be copied and the copying paper are in conforming relationship around the support 2, the source of light is then activated, as by turning on the electric current for the selected period of time. Then the current is turned off, the assembly is stripped, and the photocopying paper is processed in accordance with the conventional process for the particular copy paper which has been used. This may be an exposure by the dry transfer or two exposures by the wet process. The processing may be photomechanical for papers designed for such finishing operation, as with Verifax matrix paper.
Except as herein described the materials of construction are those which are conventional for parts of the types of elements shown herein.
The tube is translucent. It may be either clear or clear except for translucent coloring. It is shape retaining after being formed during the process of manufacture. Examples of material that may be used are glass and various plastics including polyacrylates such as polymethyl meth acrylate, cast phenol and formaldehyde condensation products, polystyrene, cellulose acetate, and glass-fiber-reenforced plastics. The end pieces 4 and 6 are suitably of the same material as the main body of the tube 2 although metal, wood, plastics, or any combination of materials described above is satisfactory for the parts 4 and 6 as well as the closing member 16.
Electrical connections for the lamp 18 are of any form that is convenient for the kind of electric current avail able, whether battery or power line.
The protecting sheet 30, curtain 34, and the cover of Fig. 7 are flexible sheets that are at least reasonably strong. Examples are strong paper, rubberized cloth, or flexible plastics such as polyvinyl chloride resin. This sheet is suitably black or of light absorbing color on one side and white or light reflecting onthe other. In the assembly shown in Fig. 3, in which the copying sheet comes between the page to be copied and the source of light, the black side of the protecting sheet 30 is turned towards the page to be copied. In the other type of assembly in Fig. 4, in which the page to be copied comes between the source of light and the copying sheet, the white side of the cover sheet 30 is turned toward the copying sheet, so as to increase the reflection of light in that direction.
The clip 32 and also the fasteners 45 are any kind of firm but somewhat springy material. Examples are 'springy beryllium copper alloy, steel, or brass.
Curtain 34 is supported within the tube 2 by a conventional, heat resistant adhesive (not shown) that may be applied as a solution of any one of the plastics described above, in a volatile solvent therefor.
The purpose of the flexible curtain 34 as well as the .7
shape retaining arcuate insert strip 16 is to prevent the accumulation of dust or other foreign material within the tubular support 2 when the apparatus is not in use. When the apparatus is in use, the flexible curtain 34 does no harm. It is over-width (as compared to the width of the said opening in the support) and can be pressed out of the way, if necesary, by the upwardly bulging part of the volume being copied. The strip 16, on the other hand, is withdrawn before the actualexposure in copying a page from the book with bulging page such as shown at 40 in Fig. 3. a
When it is desired to photocopy a loose piece of paper, which does not involve the ditficulties referred to in connection with photographing from a bound volume with narrow margin and steeply convex surface of sheets near the center line of the open book, then the strip 16 does not interfere with the wrapping of the said page around the support; the strip may be left in position during use of the equipment on the separate, loose sheet.
The edges 36 and 38 should be as thin as consistent with 4 necessary strength. A suitable wall thickness for the support 2 is A to 4: inch. The light source should be centered within the support, so as to give equal intensity of illumination of the copying sheet during exposure. Also, the generally tubular support 2 may have various shapes in cross section and the edge of it that rests upon the part of the page of the volume not being copied may be contoured as desired. The end 4 or 6 or both may be united permanently to the tubular support 2, as, for example, by a conventional adhesive (not shown).
More complete directions for the disposition of the copy sheet in relation .to the printed page to be copied follow, for various types of printed pages:
I. Page printed one side only.
a. Page translucent.
1. For direct reading negative: Page to be copied P comes between light source S and copying sheet C, nonreflecting NR or reflecting R side of cover towards C.
2. For reverse reading negative: C between S and P, R towards P.
b. Page opaque. For reverse negative only. tween S and P, NR or R towards P.
II. Page printed on both sides, may be used for reverse negatives only.
P a. Paper translucent: C between S and P, NR towards P b. Paper opaque: C between S and P, NR 'or R towards C be- The apparatus described is simple and inexpensive in construction, light in Weight, and effective in making accessible portions of the pages of tightly bound volumes which otherwise would require extensive and expensive equipment to flatten the book and hold the book flat during the copying process.
It will be understood that the term translucent is used to include light transmitting and clear.
It will be understood also that it is intended to cover all changes and modifications of the examples of the invention herein chosen for the purpose of illustration which do not constitute departures from the spirit and scope of the invention.
What we claim is:
1. In photocopying apparatus, for use in copying a page from a volume in the form of a book, magazine, and the like including a generally tubular, light transmitting support provided with a longitudinal opening and adapted to support over its surface a page of the matter to be copied; two free edges of the support defining therebetween the said opening, being of length at least equal to the length of the material to be copied and being spaced apart at a distance adapting one of the said edges to fit into the groove at the backbone of an opened volume when the other of said edges rests upon a page of the volume opposite the page to be copied and at a substantial distance from the said groove; a source of photochemical light within the tubular member; and means for holding a sheet of copying paper in conforming relationship over the page to be copied, the improvement comprising a removable shape-retaining closing member of length and width at least equal approximately to the dimensions required for closing the said opening when the closing member is in place and end pieces closing the ends of the said generally tubular support, one of the end pieces being provided with a slot of size and shape to cause the closing member to be introducible therethrough and the other end piece being provided with an element to receive an end of the closing member, the said slot and element being located at positions in the respective end pieces so as to hold the closing member in place for closing the said opening. I
2. In photocopying apparatus, for use in copying a page from a volume in the form of a book, magazine, and the like, including a generally tubular, light transmitting support provided with a longitudinal opening and adapted to support over its surface a page of the matter to be copied; two free edges of the support defining therebetween the said opening, being of length at least equal to the length of the material to be copied and being spaced apart at a distance adapting one of the said edges to fit into the groove at the backbone of an opened volume when the other of said edges rests upon a page of the volume opposite the page to be copied and at a substantial distance from the said groove; a source of photochemical light within the tubular member; and a resilient gripping member of size and shape to fit over substantially the entire area of the sheet of copying paper and hold the said sheet in conforming relationship over the page to be copied.
3. The apparatus of claim 1 in which the said means for holding the sheet of copying paper consists essentially of a resilient gripping member of size and shape to fit over substantially the entire area of the sheet of copying paper and hold the said sheet in conforming relationship over the page to be copied.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,290,478 Matias- July 21, 1942 2,512,487 De Lacy -c- June 20, 1950 2,572,930 Heldens Oct. 30, 1951 2,681,603 Grinten June 22, 1954 FOREIGN PATENTS 987,549 France Apr. 18, 1951
Patent Citations
Referenced by
Original Image


text:
Tom Izzo on Gary Harris: He's 'questionable-probable' to play Tuesday
Dec 16, 2013, 1:22 PM EDT
It's time for yet another update on the health of the four Michigan State starters that are banged up.
According to Joe Rexrode, Matt Costello could still be weeks away from actually stepping on the court. He's reportedly. got mono, that's not an easy thing to get rid of.
There is some good news to pass along, however, as it appears that Gary Harris may be getting closer to playing. The 6-foot-4 sophomore shooting guard has been battling a sprained ankle that he initially injured back in the offseason. He aggravated the injury in the loss to North Carolina and sat out against Oakland, a game that the Spartans barely hung on to win.
But head coach Tom Izzo said that Harris is "questionable-probable" to suit up Tuesday against North Florida.
As far as Keith Appling (wrist) and Adreian Payne (plantar fasciitis) are concerned, they are getting closer to 100%.
Top Posts
- There's only one way the NCAA gets UNC investigation wrong: a 2016 postseason ban 22
- Academic issues expected to sideline St. John's point guard for fall semester, maybe longer 6
- North Carolina announces receipt of Notice of Allegations from NCAA 2
- LSU's '25 is coming' campaign doesn't try to hide that they're monetizing Ben Simmons 1
- Looking Forward: Catching up on the American's offseason 1
- Five-star center Caleb Swanigan has committed to Purdue 8
- Friday's most important rule changes only matter if refs actually enforce them 2
Most Commented
- There's only one way the NCAA gets UNC investigation wrong: a 2016 postseason ban (26)
- Sports book lists Maryland as early favorite to win national title (9)
- Academic issues expected to sideline St. John's point guard for fall semester, maybe longer (6)
- John Calipari is selling his program when he says national title isn't a goal (5)
- Frank Kaminsky writes a farewell letter to Wisconsin fans (5)


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Koen and Linda manage the hotel and adjacent restaurant, on the Markt Square in the centre of Poperinge. The hotel is excellent, rooms are large and fully functional, no major external noise experienced during my stay. The meals at the adjoining Cafe de la Paix are very good (closed Tuesday/Wednesday, but there are other restaurant/cafe options nearby on or just... More
Related hotels...


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"Simple and delicious! I've been wanting new recipes for butternut squash, and this is great! Highly recommend trying this super easy recipe." – AButterfly21
"This is a snap to throw together and you'll be craving it for days. If you like beans in your chili, garbanzos right out of the can are great in this." – big surprise
Recipe of the Day
Sarah's Spicy Turkey Chili
An easy chili made with ground turkey is slowly simmered in the slow cooker. Lime-flavored beer adds a hint of southwestern flavor.
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Traditional Chili with Ground Turkey
Easy Turkey Chili
Memorial Day is a time to get together with friends and family for food, fun, and memories.
Nothing beats a big bowl of cool, creamy potato salad at your cookout.
Delicious recipes, party ideas, and cooking tips! Get a year of Allrecipes magazine for $7.99!
See how to make a simple but hearty turkey chili with beans.
See how to make a super-simple ground turkey chili in the crock pot.
What's cooking in San Jose? Valerie makes a hearty Mexican-style turkey chili.


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PHOENIX — Roy Halladay will undergo arthroscopic shoulder surgery Wednesday in Los Angeles, the Phillies announced Thursday. Neal ElAttrache, the renowned orthopedist who diagnosed Halladay's injury, will perform the procedure.
An initial diagnosis based on an arthrogram revealed a partial tear to Halladay's rotator cuff and fraying of his labrum, both of which were caused by a bone spur in his shoulder.
The Phillies do not have a timetable for Halladay's return because the true extent of damage to Halladay's shoulder will not be known until ElAttrache operates.
Halladay said he received no indications from the doctor that there could be more problems than originally believed.


text: > View Product Details Please select the size of the product. Please enter valid quantity. Gucci blue linen toggle close long sleeve shirt overview details Retail: $590.00 Reduced: $359.99 15% Off : $305.99 color : We're sorry. This style is sold out. Blue For a refined and fashionable look, always dress to impress in a Gucci shirt. Color: Blue Lightweight linen woven Banded round collar Deep v down front with three goldtone toggle closures Long sleeve single button cuff Rounded hem 100% Linen; Dry Clean; Italy; style#331273101


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Early forecast has Duke atop ACC Coastal chase in 2014
Please sign in to add a comment.
903 Hail Providence Jan 15, 2014
The first of many early predictions of Duke repeating their Coastal Division Championship...
So without further delay, the predicted order of finish, with last season's records in parentheses.
* DUKE (10-4, 6-2): Based strictly on returning personnel and 2013 performance, the Devils would be unquestioned preseason chalk. The return of receiver Jamison Crowder, quarterbacks Anthony Boone and Brandon Connette, four starting linemen and a host of tailbacks promise another dynamic offense, much like the one that nearly outscored Texas A&M and Johnny Football in the Chick-fil-A Bowl. Special teams are solid, though the defense could decline absent end Kenny Anunike and cornerback Ross Cockrell.
The question is, how will Duke handle expectations? Media have picked the Devils to finish last, or next-to-last, every season since 2000. This year will be different. This year, Duke will be among the hunted. Big difference.
Pro Football Talk w/Mike Florio
PGA: AT&T Byron Nelson Championship
Saturday at 3:00 pm on WRAL-TV
NASL: RailHawks at Jacksonville
Saturday at 7:30 pm on WRAL-2
PGA: AT&T Byron Nelson Championship
Sunday at 3:00 pm on WRAL-TV
Our Take
Gloves - not bats - guide NC State, Florida State to ACC title gameAaron Schoonmaker
Hamilton could join Rangers next weekCaulton Tudor
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Community images
published 03/12/2006
Save the Planet
Can be a dirty job
published 23/09/2005
good for the envrionment and the community spirit
may take a bit of time and though, but worth it
published 25/04/2007
Cleaner environment
published 14/04/2009
See text.
See text.
published 17/06/2001
See review
See review
published 02/12/2001
environment, economy
published 19/04/2001
Saving the planet's resources.
It may take a few minutes of your time
published 10/06/2001
Save the planet.
Time, Space and Energy.
published 21/05/2001
Save the world
Get smelly doing it
published 04/06/2003
Uses for your mountains of old CD's
Some ideas are just daft
published 25/09/2001
see opinion
see opinion
published 22/10/2001
Cuts down on polluting the earth
published 03/05/2002
Be a better person
published 12/08/2001
recycling keeps the landfill sites free for proper...
can be time consuming, need to use your imaginatio...
published 28/02/2004
Reduces waste, help third world
Cheap, imported, poor quality fabrics
1 2


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VIEWS: 274 PAGES: 2 CATEGORY: Other POSTED ON: 6/11/2010 Public Domain
Fact Sheet Prudhoe Bay Background The Prudhoe Bay field is the largest field in North America and the 18th largest Greater Discovered 1968 field ever discovered worldwide. Of the Production started 1977 25 billion barrels of original oil in place, Prudhoe Oil production wells 1114 more than 13 billion barrels can be Bay Participating field area 213,543 acres recovered with current technology. (including satellites) Fast Daily production (thousands) 475,000 bbls/day Prudhoe Bay field was discovered on Facts Total cumulative production BP Net Gross March 12, 1968, by ARCO and Exxon (1/1/05) 4395 10,839 with the drilling of the Prudhoe Bay State #1 well. A confirmation well was drilled Midnight Production started 1998 by BP Exploration in 1969. The next 8 Oil production wells 2 years saw frenetic activity as ARCO, BP, Sun Participating field area 3,112 acres Exxon, and other companies with lease Fast (including satellites) holdings in the vicinity worked to Facts Daily production (thousands) 5,500 bbls/day delineate the reservoir, resolve equity participation, and put together an initial Production started 2000 infrastructure. Prudhoe Bay came on Aurora Oil production wells 10 stream in June 20, 1977, rapidly increasing production until the field's Fast Participating field area 7,519 acres (including satellites) maximum rate was reached in 1979 at 1.5 Facts Daily production (thousands) 9,000 bbls/day million barrels per day. This rate was maintained until early 1989, and is Production started 2002 currently declining by 10% per year. Orion Oil production wells 3 Production totaled approximately 475,000 barrels per day on January 1, 2004. More Fast Participating field area 18,853 acres (including satellites) than 10 billion barrels have already been Facts Daily production (thousands) 11,000 bbls/day produced. Production started 1999 Prior to 2000 the Prudhoe Bay field was Polaris Oil production wells 10 comprised of the East Operating Area, operated by ARCO, and the West Fast Participating field area 11,681acres (including satellites) Operating Area, operated by BP Facts Daily production (thousands) 4,000 bbls/day Exploration. Upon acquisition of ARCO by BP and sale of ARCO Alaska assets to Production started 2001 Phillips Petroleum, the two operating Borealis Oil production wells 27 areas were consolidated and BP became the sole operator of Greater Prudhoe Bay. Fast Participating field area 7,757 acres (including satellites) Although BP operates the field, a total of Facts Daily production (thousands) 19,000 bbls/day nine companies have an interest in the field leases. The profits and costs are shared amongst the owners, according to their ownership. Location The Prudhoe Bay field is located 650 miles north of Anchorage and 400 miles Ownership north of Fairbanks. It is 1200 miles from the North Pole and 250 miles north BP Exploration (Operator), 26% of the Arctic Circle. Pump Station 1, the beginning of the Trans Alaska ConocoPhillips Alaska Inc., 36% Pipeline, is located with in the perimeter of the Prudhoe Bay field. ExxonMobil, 36% Others, 2% Source: Revised: August 06 Page: 1 Geologic Features The Prudhoe Bay field, like many oil fields, consists of layers of porous rock that contain gas, oil, and water. The water, being the heaviest, lies in the lower rock layers of the field. The oil lies above the water, and the gas rests atop the oil. The oil, gas, and water are held in the Prudhoe Bay field by changes in the rock type (stratigraphy) and by the tilt and faulting of the rock layers. Sandstones are porous and allow the fields' fluids to flow through them. Shales, however, act as barriers to fluid flow. Thus, whenever a sandstone layer meets a shale layer, either through faulting or as a factor of how the rock was originally deposited, the shale stops the fluid flow and the fluids are trapped. The oil at Prudhoe Bay is trapped in the Sadlerochit formation, a sandstone and gravel structure nearly 9,000 feet underground. In some locations the oil- bearing sandstone was 600 feet thick during the field's early life. Today, average thickness of the oil bearing zone is about 60 feet. Natural gas The field contains an estimated 46 trillion cubic feet of natural gas (in place) in an overlying gas cap and in solution with the oil. Of that, about 26 trillion cubic feet are classified as recoverable. Investment The major owners have invested more than $25 billion to develop the Prudhoe Bay field and the transportation system necessary to move Prudhoe Bay crude oil to market. Satellite Fields Since 1998 five satellite fields have been discovered and developed within the unit boundaries of the Prudhoe Bay oil field. These fields are Midnight Sun, Aurora, Orion, Polaris, and Borealis. One of the key objectives of the field's development has been to maximize sharing of existing infrastructure, including production and support facilities. The production wells for these satellite fields are located on one of the Prudhoe production pads. The liquids are processed through Prudhoe Bay facilities. Source: Revised: August 06 Page: 2
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Choose from our Mobogenie games. All games are listed in this genre of gaming and similar subgenres that are related to the category of Mobogenie games. Escape to the paradise of the game and do not let me stop you!
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In this game you will fulfil the various missions and destroy the enemies. you can also upgrade the units and style of fight...
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Shoot devastating ninja warriors and destroy all enemies. each ninja has different abilities. good luck!
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Choose your racing machine (eg. motor, inflatable ring or dolphin) and ride the trails with speed while executing the best tr..
Destroy all evil monsters and be careful with the good ones. use the mouse to control the game. you can cut, remove or activa..
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Select vehicle and ride. Famous Uphill rush series presents latest part of fantastic ride.


text:
|Project Name
|Price (USD)
|Project Name
|Price (USD)
|Jewelry logo and business card
|Need a logo made of an Icon easy to remember. The client is a jewel creator that sells to clients doing
|Graphic Design, Logo Design, Business Cards, Icon Design
|Mar 31, 2011
|Mar 31, 2011Ended
|Logo for a jewelry creator
|I am a beginner in jewelry activity, and I would like a logo for my website. I can send you the link...two styles of creation : fancy jewelry and silver jewelry, and the logo have to show both of them. Here...Here is an example of a logo that I like : http://logofury.com/logo/mauricio-matos.html If I like your
|Graphic Design, Logo Design
|Oct 22, 2011
|Oct 22, 2011Ended
|Logo for a jewelry creator
|I am a beginner in jewelry activity, and I would like a logo for my website. I can send you the link...two styles of creation : fancy jewelry and silver jewelry, and the logo have to show both of them. Here...Here is an example of a logo that I like : http://logofury.com/logo/mauricio-matos.html If I like your
|Graphic Design, Logo Design, Photoshop
|Oct 24, 2011
|Oct 24, 2011Ended
|Jewelry Company Logo
|...for Less Gems is searching for a logo. We are an online jewelry retail store advertising in print...newspapers and magazines. Specializing in business to business we have decided to cut out the middle man...price. The winning logo will be selected by the project managers. The logo will be checked for legal
|Logo Design
|Jun 12, 2009
|Jun 12, 2009Ended
|Logo design for free software creator
|...part of building my personal portfolio and I need a logo (later maybe also other stuff like splash screens...especially high (about $100), but if you believe your logo will be really stunning, I am willing to pay a little...little bit more. Full license to the logo is required!
|Graphic Design, Logo Design
|Nov 20, 2010
|Nov 20, 2010Ended
|Design a Logo for Jewelry Business
|I need a logo designed for a small handmade jewelry business. I'd like something fun and fresh but still...originals. Making the lettering look like beads or jewelry might be a nice touch.
|Graphic Design, Logo Design
|Mar 5, 2015
|Mar 5, 2015Ended
|Logo for Jewelry Business
|I've posted a project for a logo before and I'm having a hard time finding someone to fit my needs. ... I'm looking for a logo for a jewelry beading business. I need this logo today! My budget is $30...produce a logo for that price today, please don't bid. I'd like to see examples. The business name is
|Logo Design
|Nov 4, 2011
|Nov 4, 2011Ended
|Design a Logo for Jewelry Business
|Hi, I need a logo for my business, "Bows and Whistles by L" I would like something with a vintage, possibly
|Graphic Design, Logo Design
|Aug 12, 2014
|Aug 12, 2014Ended
|Logo Design Jewelry Business
|...am looking for a logo designer who can create a simple yet modern design for a jewelry company. Some of
|Graphic Design, Logo Design
|Jul 28, 2013
|Jul 28, 2013Ended
|Logo Creation for a Jewelry business
|...like someone to work with me to create a logo for my Jewelry brand. Nothing too fancy , simple and professional
|Logo Design
|May 9, 2012
|May 9, 2012Ended
|Logo for my jewelry business
|It is a jewelry company called Paisley & Pearls. I don't want anything traditional in the sense of
|Graphic Design, Logo Design
|Sep 24, 2012
|Sep 24, 2012Ended
|A logo for an online jewelry business
|...Online store that provides the finest women's jewelry at the best prices. Brand of high quality, fashion...silver, 18K gold and jewelry with Swarovski elements. Roxy is not nothing else but jewelry at this stage but...but this does not meant that the business is only restricted to jewelry. We want to build a platform for
|Graphic Design, Logo Design
|May 4, 2013
|May 4, 2013Ended
|Logo for jewelry business
|We need a simple and clear logo for a jewelry website. The logo should contain the site name and a...with no more than more than 2 - 3 colors). The logo should be able to look excellent in black, grey...vector file (eps, ai. etc.). The freelancer.com logo is a good example of what i expect. You have the
|Graphic Design, Logo Design
|Dec 6, 2011
|Dec 6, 2011Ended
|Design a Logo for our Jewelry company
|...design of the logo has to use the name: gemmlavie and GLV (as the initials); The logo has to be designed...the phi proportion (1,618...); The logo will appear on business cards, on metal tags attach to the bracelets...designs and use any color schemes you like! Feel free to submit multiple submissions!
|Graphic Design, Logo Design
|Sep 5, 2014
|Sep 5, 2014Ended
|New Logo for Jewelry Company Needed
|...retail shop specializing in nickel-free and hypoallergenic jewelry. We have been operating for about 8...brand. We need a basic company logo for use on our website, business cards, promotional products, and...and to engrave on the jewelry itself. Only the logo itself is required, it does not need to be set
|Logo Design, Illustration, Stationery Design, Corporate Identity
|Jan 17, 2010
|Jan 17, 2010Ended
|Logo Creator Flash Application
|...NOT for someone to create us a logo We need someone to create us a logo creation type application that...can use to create a logo like: http://www.logomaker.com/ (if you click design it free) you will see it....to use and the categories should be based on: Business, Credit Cards, Finance, Computers, Internet, Networking
|PHP, XML, Adobe Flash, Logo Design, Testing / QA, Website Testing, Usability Testing, Anything Goes, ActionScript, XSLT
|Mar 9, 2008
|Mar 9, 2008Ended
|Redesign of My Jewelry Store
|I am running a jewelry online store templated by oscommcerce. I am not satisfied with the current design...change a more professional skin and redesign of our logo. I require you to integrate this new design with...our online business on line. We need a very professional freelancer to do this poject. Free mockup is
|PHP, C Programming, Shopping Carts
|Feb 10, 2009
|Feb 10, 2009Ended
|Design a Logo for Diamond & Jewelry Company
|...help with a logo for my company, Dynasty House Gems. What we do: buy diamonds, estate jewelry, gemstones... What I'm looking for in a design: I'd like a logo that's very classic. Not icon-y, or too busy. Think...with plans to one day be sellers, so mostly the logo needs to appeal to people that we would be buying
|Graphic Design, Logo Design
|Jan 14, 2015
|Jan 14, 2015Ended
|Jewelry Website for Local Business
|I have a local jewelry shop. I need a website to display a few items and images of the store. I will...what I need: - custom Joomla 2.5 template - logo - creative designs and pictures for the home page
|PHP, Graphic Design, Joomla, CSS, HTML
|Mar 8, 2013
|Mar 8, 2013Ended
|Your Best Logo For Jewelry Business
|...are looking for help in designing a logo for our jewelry business which is centered around custom designed...designed pendants. Guidelines for an acceptable logo are below. Please note that the winner will be required...seeing your designs! Logo Requirements 1. Should have to do with jewelry (specifically a pendant/necklace)
|Graphic Design, Icon Design, Logo Design, Photoshop, Website Design
|Dec 10, 2014
|Dec 10, 2014Ended


text:
This hotel has a nice presentation to the arriving guest...huge fireplace with a seating area in front, check-in counter immediately to the right, open lobby. There is a restaurant and bar on the premises. The restaurant, Cafe California, is only open during specific hours for breakfast (6:30am), lunch, and dinner (6pm), so don't expect all day service. However, the food is very good and presentation is beautiful!. The bar, Mahogany's, opens before the restaurant and serves a full menu for dinner. Appetizers are 1/2 price up to 6:30pm and are generous enough to be considered a full meal.
The room we were assigned was supposedly an upgraded room. It was a suite...the living room and bedrooms were two separate areas with a TV in each. Clean but small. The house keeper did not clean up the used glasses after the first night, and didn't empty the ice bucket. We left it alone to see if it would be emptied and if we would be given a clean liner, however the next day it was not touched then either. Oh well.
The worst part, though, was the wireless access. It sucked majorly! Our colleague said she took a shower while she waited to connect! When she called down to the lobby she was told the problem was due to the weather...it was raining. The next day access was better but on the third night it was excruciatingly slow.
If you have your own wireless access, then this is a good hotel. However, if you are relying on the hotel's wireless access to get any work done, then forget it.


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This site is a public resource celebrating The Who. It is not sponsored or formally affiliated in any other way with The Who or the band's members, management or other representatives. In accordance with laws regarding copyright and other forms of intellectual property, material excerpted and posted on this site is strictly for nonprofit research, scholarship & commentary about The Who, its members and their activities.
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Keith's aged so much. Once, if I felt ageing, I could look at Keith and steal some of his youth.
-- Pete Townshend
Melody Maker March 26, 1966
The Who Hits 50
The Who have announced the dates for "The Who Hits 50" U.S. tour. The First leg starts in Tampa, Florida on April 15, 2015 and ends on May 30, 2015 in Forest Hills, New York. The second leg of the tour begins September 15, 2015 in San Diego, California and ends in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on November 4, 2015.
Along with the upcoming Ireland and UK shows, Who fans now have nearly 50 chances to see The Who during their 50th anniversary tour.
Be sure to go to thewho.com for more information and presale information
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Going too long between haircuts can result in lots of split ends, which makes it hard to count how many hairs you have so you can finally go to sleep. Manage your mane with this Groupon.
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Activision promise racing genre excellence with Bizarre
Bizarre Creations may no longer be able to work on the Project Gotham Racing series in tandem with Microsoft any more, but despite this loss the developer are forging ahead with a broadening of their horizons alongside new owners Activision. The US publisher clearly have designs upon the racing genre, and have purchased Bizarre with the express intention of making their mark.
"It's true there is a lot of competition out there but Bizarre Creations is not just a studio - it's one of the very best studios in the world, and we will be able to deliver an outstanding racing game to the market", Activision Europe boss Joerg Trouvain told trade mag MCV in the wake of the purchase.
Microsoft, meanwhile, are promising the continuation of the PGR series, presumably at another developer - Activision meanwhile will look to forge a multi-platform racing 'IP' of epic proportions - perhaps looking to the Need for Speed series as the way ahead.
The purchase of Bizarre "should enable us to take the racing genre beyond where it is today" adds Acti exec Robin Kaminsky.
More soon.
Latest News
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- Titanfall developers Respawn won't be at E3 this year
- Destiny: Xur's location and stock for May 28th
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- FIFA 16 will throw women's teams into the mix
- New The Elder Scrolls Online trailer shows off the expansive world of Tamriel
- Batman: Arkham Knight gets a new 7-minute gameplay trailer


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Officers and Directors
Bulletin Subscribe
Club Information
Welcome to our Club Website!
Our motto is "Service Above Self"
We meet Tuesdays at 6:30 AM
Ponderosa Restaurant
Ponderosa Restaurant
715 Railroad Avenue
Dolores, CO 81323
United States
Dolores, CO 81323
United States
District Site
Venue Map
Home Page Stories
Posted by Laurel Rematore
Members Present: Dan Jones, Brandon Thurston, Mark Tucker, Dana Hill, Laurel Rematore, Ed Merritt, Paul Bilger, Jody Sanford (guest), Dave Sanford, Vic Vieira, Charley Miller, Eddie and Nancy Cheung (guests), Rakhat Ashymov, Al Gunow (guest), Scott Cooper, Rick Carpenter, Jim Reser (guest)
Pledge: Laurel Rematore
Inspiration: Pastor Rick Carpenter
Question of the day: Did you do something special for Memorial Day?
This was Pastor Rick's last club meeting, as he's been transferred to Fort Morgan. Thanks so much, Rick, for your fellowship, inspiration, and service!
Thanks to Chris Trusler for presenting our club's student awards at last Friday's DHS awards banquet.
Bike race planning: Laurel has sent the bike race maps to Tom Rice (USFS) to review for any needed changes. Laurel has sent Chris and Shawna some proposed edits to the race sponsor letter and form. Laurel will post the final versions of the letter and form when available.
Summer raffle: Dave Sanford will coordinate our club's presence at Dolores Riverfest so the club can sell raffle tickets. Booth volunteers include Dave, Scott Cooper, Sue Garlick, Darwin Cooper, Steve Maxwell, Rocky Moss. Please contact Dave Sanford if you can help out for a few hours.
Next commodities is on Saturday, June 6. Dan Jones will remind Larry to send out a reminder e-mail.
Cortez Rotary meets at noon on the second and fourth Thursday at the Elks Club. All are welcome to attend!
Laurel will be on business travel to Alaska from May 29 through June 8. Please enjoy the e-mail silence while she does not have access to a computer. :-)
Eddie Cheung from Durango Daybreak Rotary made a presentation on Tibetan Village Water Projects. Dolores Rotary has pledged $500 toward the upcoming water project, joining many other clubs in our district to support this effort. Rotarians are invited to come on the work trip; expected cost is about $3,500 per person (including airfare, lodging with host families, and meals).
Meeting adjourned by Laurel Rematore.


text:
Despite the propaganda campaign being waged by the so-called "mainstream media," the National Rifle Association remains more popular than President Obama, Newsbusters said Friday. Unfortunately, much of America won't know about this because the media has remained silent.
According to the latest Gallup survey, 54 percent of Americans hold a favorable view of the NRA.
That's just slightly higher than Obama's favorability rating, now at 53 percent.
On Wednesday, Obama declared war on the NRA and those who believe in the Second Amendment right to keep and bear arms.
"The only way we will be able to change is if their audience, their constituents, their membership says, this time must be different, that this time we must do something to protect our communities and our kids," he said, speaking of "pundits and politicians and special interest lobbyists" like the NRA.
CBS anchor Bob Schieffer dutifully compared Obama's battle with the NRA to the conflict with Nazi Germany, and Stephanie Cutter said the Obama 2012 campaign apparatus was gearing up to take on those who support the Second Amendment.
Since the Newtown shootings, the entire Democrat-media complex has gone overboard portraying gun supporters as spawn of the devil in an overt attempt to marginalize and demonize law-abiding gun owners.
Liberals, including a member of the Texas Democratic Party Executive Committee, have called for members of the NRA to be murdered and irresponsible media outlets have published the names of those with legal gun permits.
After using four children as props for his signing of 23 executive orders on guns, the White House issued videos of those same children begging for gun control.
A recent survey conducted on behalf of CNN and Time magazine show that public support for gun control is dropping, since rational thought is replacing the high emotions felt immediately after the Newtown shootings.
If you like this article, you can follow Joe on Twitter @jnewby1956, or visit and join his Facebook page.
Don't miss out. Send us your email address, and we'll make sure you don't miss a thing.
Fourth-grade Common Core reading worksheet features story about adultery
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Five more web entities okcupid and advocates of same-sex unions should boycott
Bombshell: Has Michael Brown's robbery accomplice recanted his story?
Obama nominee for Surgeon General says banning guns is part of medicine
Hey, we're going to have Lincoln Chafee to kick around again!
'Negative growth': Revised U.S. GDP actually contracted in first quarter of 2015
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Historic declaration from Pope Francis: Antizionism = antisemitism
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text:
The Servant of Two Masters: One Theatre Ticket
Lansburgh Theatre • Washington, DC
Use between Tuesday, June 19 – Sunday, July 08
What you get
- Choice of One Weekend or Weekday Ticket
- Chance to See the 2012 Tony Winner for Best Regional Theatre
As someone whose busy schedule mixes meetings with kickball tournaments, you can appreciate the power of multi-tasking. Witness the hilarious antics of a crafty servant trying to juggle two jobs with today's deal from the Shakespeare Theatre Company: Pay $39 for a ticket to see The Servant of Two Masters on the Sunday evening through Thursday of your choice through July 8 (a $79 value), or pay $45 for a ticket on Friday through Sunday afternoon (a $90 value). Snag one of these tickets and give yourself one responsibility for the evening: laugh the night away.
This "Servant" ranks as one of the most gleeful Shakespeare company offerings of the past 10 years.
Behind the scenes...
Written by Carlo Goldoni in 1743, this adapted play follows the exploits of Truffaldino -- an always-hungry servant who gets a chance opportunity to score an extra dinner by serving two masters at the same time. Trying to keep the scheme under wraps gets a little dicey, and you'll see how the story unfolds throughout this performance at Lansburgh Theatre in Penn Quarter. Winners of the 2012 Regional Theatre Tony Award, Shakespeare Theatre Company and its versatile actors will handle the singing and dancing, leaving you to sit back and enjoy what is sure to be a hilarious show.
Fine printBuy as many as you'd like • Limit 1 per customer per visit • Groups wishing to sit together must have a single person purchase all tickets for group; subject to availability • The deal is valid only for tickets on the date[s] of the event as listed and may not be exchanged or redeemed for any other dates • A refund may only be collected within 24 hours of your purchase • Entire value must be used in a single visit
The Servant of Two Masters: One Theatre Ticket
times for
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Admission to Mangia DC Italian Food Tour
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Waldorf, MD
Three Autocross Laps in a Ferrari or Lamborghini
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Tuesday Jun 9
José Andrés's Dine-N-Dash: A Culinary Tour of Penn Quarter
Top Local Restaurants
use by Jun 28
Waldorf, MD
Three Autocross Laps in a Ferrari or Lamborghini
Southern Maryland Bluecrabs Park
use by May 31
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Extreme Whitewater Rafting Weekend for 1 or 2
River Expeditions Adventure Resort
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2 Tickets to "Cabaret" at Signature Theatre + Exclusive After Party
Signature Theatre
Wednesday Jun 17 through Thursday Sep 17
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Georgetown Electrolysis
Three or Six Laser Hair-Removal Sessions
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Chiropractic Package Including X-Ray & Adjustments
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Facial; Massage & Foot Soak; or Cold Laser Session
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Summer Auto Package or Three Oil Changes
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Haircut + Color, or Relaxer, Rinse & Trim


text:
- Manufacturer: Char-Broil
Already Own This Grill?
General Information
- Model Number: 7000043
what are the demenisions of the grease pan?
This grease tray measures approx. 21.5"L x 8.5"W.
Date published: 2015-05-01
When will this part be back in stock?
This part is currently available. Please give us a call at 1-800-241-7548 for assistance with ordering.
Date published: 2015-04-21


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- Item 'Russian Army Test Fires Smerch MLRS & Tochka-U Ballistic Missile' hidden because it has been tagged as repost. Click HERE to view
Aerial Footage Over Vaxholm Sweden
GoPro footage of springtime in Sweden showing the town, following a Police Combat Boat 90, flying around the harbor and the old Fortress of Vaxholm built in the 1540s.
By: drynwhyl | Comments: 23 | Views: 1009 | Votes: 4 | Shared: 0
Location: Sweden | Leaked: 6 days ago in Creative, Other Entertainment, Science and Technology, Nature
Ben O'Connor's Cheeky Penalty Shot - GB vs South Korea
Ben O'Connor scores an audacious game winning goal for Great Britain against South Korea during the IIHF World Championships Division 1B in Eindhoven 16th April 2015, beating the favourites and leavin
By: drynwhyl | Comments: 30 | Views: 2378 | Votes: 7 | Shared: 12
Leaked: Apr-18-2015 in Sports
Engineering Large Space Telescopes
To peer much deeper into the night sky astronomers need telescopes with enormous primary mirrors. This video explores how large modern technology allows us to build telescopes currently, and how the d
By: drynwhyl | Comments: 19 | Views: 728 | Votes: 8 | Shared: 0
Leaked: Apr-12-2015 in Other Entertainment, Science and Technology, Nature
Norwegian Army Exercise - Joint Viking
Scenes from the Norwegian Armed Force's most recent exercise 'Joint Viking' - A number of combined arms exercises, weapon and missile tests and air operations
By: drynwhyl | Comments: 7 | Views: 632 | Votes: 1 | Shared: 0
Leaked: Apr-12-2015 in Other Entertainment, Weapons
Hunters Take On Coyotes With AR15 And Tracers
Viewer discretion advised: It is what it is, coyotes being shot. If you're an animal lover you're better off not watching!
By: drynwhyl | Comments: 76 | Views: 3059 | Votes: 2 | Shared: 3
Location: United States | Leaked: Apr-11-2015 in Weapons
Norwegian Navy Activity In Northern Regions
Norwegian frigate Thor Heyerdahl takes part in the 'Joint Viking' exercise and discusses military relations with Russia in the arctic region
By: drynwhyl | Comments: 82 | Views: 2379 | Votes: 3 | Shared: 5
Leaked: Apr-11-2015 in World News, Politics, Weapons
Water Jet Pack And Lights
Just a bit of party fun
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Royal Navy Live Fire Exercise
Type 45 Detroyer HMS Daring Credits: Kurtis Jaques
By: drynwhyl | Comments: 29 | Views: 1408 | Votes: 3 | Shared: 3
Leaked: Mar-8-2015 in Other Entertainment, Weapons, Science and Technology
Explosive Footage Of The Siege Of Sarajevo
Archive footage of the Seige of Sarajevo during the Bosnian war. Many artillery and mortar rounds landing as well as sniping. Sarajevo, the capital of Bosnia and Herzegovina, was besieged by the A
By: drynwhyl | Comments: 45 | Views: 2135 | Votes: 6 | Shared: 0
Leaked: Feb-25-2015 in History
Sweden Slashes Interest Rates & Begins Huge Quantitive Easing Policy
Sweden's central bank has cut its key interest rate from 0% to a record low of -0.1%. It also launched a programme of quantitative easing, buying government bonds worth 10 billion kronor ($1.2bn) t
By: drynwhyl | Comments: 13 | Views: 699 | Votes: 0 | Shared: 0
Leaked: Feb-12-2015 in Politics
Study Suggests Arming Ukraine Would Prolong Conflict
The heated debate over whether to supply lethal arms to the Ukrainian government to defend against Russian-backed separatists has caused considerable transatlantic friction, particularly during last w
By: drynwhyl | Comments: 108 | Views: 3222 | Votes: 0 | Shared: 15
Leaked: Feb-11-2015 in Ukraine, Politics, Weapons
Items in channel 'drynwhyl'


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Gorgeous gray 3 year old mare. Gentle disposition, beautiful conformation, super steel gray color. Bloodlines include multiple World Champion sire SMOKEY…SOLD
Videos on our website: www.lshorsecompany.com "Cassie" is a shapey 14hh sorrel AQHA Mare. She has cutting training and was ridden by Jaime Snider. She…SOLD
Videos: www.lshorsecompany.com Sale Information: www.trihorse.com "Platinum" is a gorgeous 14.1hh Chestnut Roan Mare. She is an NCHA money earner…SOLD
'99 model 16h Appaloosa gelding for sale. Quiet horse with excellent ground manners. Road and trail safe! Has experience in ranch work, barrels, and English…SOLD
Here is a great project ready to start. By and own son of Boonsmal Cee Lena that's also out of a daughter of Dual Pep on the top side. The bottom side…SOLD
AQHA 2 coming 3 (July 13, 2012) year old bay filly with chrome. Very flashy. Well built. Good conformation and ranch raised. Bred to work. Would excel…SOLD
2012 AQHA Buckskin Mare Sire: WR Shining Pavo Dam: Noble Stepgooddoctam This filly is very correct and super gentle. Her sire is from the Great…SOLD
Lucky is now in training for the cattle events. Has an excellent rein--starting to polish the lead changes and light pen work on cattle. This cross has…SOLD