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John Proctor The Tragic Hero English Literature Essay
John Proctor's fatal flaw was his great amount of pride, and that slowly tied a series of unfortunate events which eventually made John Proctor succumb to his death. Unfortunately, Proctor dies for a crime he did not commit. Another necessary part of the tragic hero is that he or she has a complete reversal of fortune brought by the hero's own flaw. Proctor's life completely turned upside down when Abigail accused his loved ones who then were sent to jail, or executed. At the end of every tragic play, the audience must feel pity or remorse for the deceased hero. This is also known as catharsis, which means purging of emotions. However these negative emotions are washed away because the tragic hero's death is an example of the axiom of true Puritan values. John Proctor, a character in Arthur Miller's The Crucible, is a classic tragic hero because he contains all the elements of a tragic hero such as hamartia, peripeteia, catharsis, and despite not being born into nobility, he possesses many noble characteristics.
In The Crucible by Arthur Miller, John Proctor's fatal flaw was his overwhelming hubris that made him eventually succumb to his death. Pride plays an interesting role in the life of John Proctor in The Crucible. As spoken by John Proctor near the end of the play, "Because it is my name! Because I cannot have another in my life! Because I lie and sign myself to lies! Because I am not worthy the dust on the feet of them that hang…leave me my name" (Miller 143). During the trials, Proctor refused to testify against Abigail in order to prevent his name from being blackened. He cares much for his name and being a noble character it is easy to understand the struggle he is going through. John daily wages an internal, war between his conscience and pride. His hubristic mindset is what primarily caused his downfall; a person who rises and falls because of their own ignorant flaw, which is the true meaning of a tragic hero.
In Act IV Hale urged everybody to confess to their sin in order to save their lives. While talking to Elizabeth he uttered, "It may well be God damns a liar less than he that who throws his life away for pride" (Miller 132). He was trying to get Proctor to confess his lie and save his life. John Proctor is throwing his life away for pride because he does not possess the courage to reveal his secret sin. God cannot forgive a man who dies for pride, yet he can forgive a liar. Thus, Proctor should confess to witchcraft. However, Proctor cannot do this because he cannot blacken his name. He'll end up revealing his sin and it will be the end of his name. Pride is one of the seven deadly sins. At the very end of the play, Proctor is sent to death, and Hale implores to Elizabeth, "Woman, plead with him! Woman! It is pride, it is vanity. Be his helper!-what profit him to bleed? Shall the dust praise him" (Miller 145)? Hale yells these words at Elizabeth Proctor, because he was imploring her to convince John to plead guilty, but prideful Proctor chose to die instead with his honor intact. He chose to die as repentance for his original sin of adultery. This emphasizes that Proctor has overwhelming pride, and not even with the fear of death will he dare try to let go of it. As spoken by literary expert Brett Bigbie, "This pursuit of a worthy aim can be seen as Proctor's hamartia" (page 1), Proctor indeed had obsessive pride and he sacrificed himself for cleansing his soul. The entire play began and ended with his flaw.
Upon John Proctor's death in The Crucible, the audience let out a wave of emotions, which also gave an increase in their self knowledge. The true moment of catharsis was at the end of the play when John Proctor tore up the confession and allowed the self sacrifice of him, "Proctor tears the paper and crumples it" (Miller 144). Because of his sacrifice, Proctor became an example of good will and purity for others to follow. So the townsfolk have realized themselves that there is hope for redemption of their sins. Because Proctor stood up against corruption, the people have realized that there is goodness in this world and it is up to them to seek it. In order to gain knowledge, one must seek it. Elizabeth Proctor also felt a surge of emotion when Proctor tore up the confession. She too came to a realization of true goodness. "He have his goodness now, God forbid I take it from him" (Miller 145)! When Elizabeth uttered these words near John's death, she knew that Proctor became a symbol of purity. And if she knew that Proctor had become good, then that means that Elizabeth herself had to realize what true goodness is. Reverend Hale shot out the most amount of catharsis in the end of the play. In the beginning, Hale comes into Salem a proud, scholarly man to analyze supposed witches. Through a period of time, he changed his ways and eventually became the man who pitied Proctor the most. Hale particularly was pouring out emotion right when Proctor was about to be hung, "Woman, plead with him! Woman! It is pride, it is vanity. Be his helper!-what profit him to bleed? Shall the dust praise him" (Miller 145)? Reverend Hale is very much aware that John was innocent of witchcraft. Hale values life very much and pities Proctor in an attempt to save his life. Reverend Hale came to the conclusion that John was indeed a pure man.
Another major part of the tragic hero is that the hero must experience a reversal of fortune, also known as peripeteia caused by their own flaw. The beginning of Proctor's series of unfortunate events began when Abigail got Proctor's loved ones in trouble with the court. When Proctor tells Abby near the beginning that no one must know of the secret sin, and that he cannot love her anymore, Abby becomes vindictive. So she accuses Proctor's wife of witchcraft and she gets taken in by the marshals, "She walks out the door, Herrick and Cheever behind her" (Miller 78). Proctor became infuriated. John could not tell anybody of his affair with Abigail because it would soil his name and reputation. So John's pride kept him from revealing his sin and as a result, his fortunes just got turned upside down. Near the end of Act II, Proctor is taken to jail, "Marshal, take him and Corey with him to the jail" (Miller 120)! His fortune is even worse now that he and Elizabeth are in jail. All because he still cannot muster the courage to reveal his sin.
The most common trait of a tragic hero is that they are noble birth; however despite John not being born into nobility, he possesses many noble characteristics. John Proctor was a noble man throughout The Crucible. When Elizabeth was taken to jail, Proctor infuriatingly questioned Mary Warren. He desperately yelled at her to tell the truth and in that desperation he told her, "My wife will never die for me! I will bring your guts into your mouth but that goodness will not die for me" (Miller 80)! Proctor stood up for his wife and was intent on protecting her at all costs. Specifically speaking, he was shielding her name from being blackened in the community. John Proctor was one of the only men in the play who abided for what was right in the Salem community. John Proctor respected all people in the Salem community, and stood up for everybody during his final hour, "I speak my own sins, I cannot judge another. I have no tongue for it" (Miller 141). Proctor refused to smear the names of his friends despite that revealing the other names would have saved his life. The righteousness that he bestowed upon them helps illustrate what a true noble person is. John Proctor only spoke for himself when referring to his sins. The same case happened when the court told John to sign the confession as bait to lure others in. Proctor bravely refused because it was his duty to claim the fate of others.
John Proctor perfectly fits the mold of a tragic hero because he harbors all the qualities of a tragic hero such as hamartia, catharsis, peripeteia, and is noble. John Proctor's main fatal flaw was his excessive hubris, or pride which ultimately sealed his fate. Negative emotions are washed away because the tragic hero's death is an example of the axiom of true Puritan values. The audience felt an extreme amount of pity when John Proctor died, however his death transformed their ways of thinking and increased their own knowledge. Another necessary part of the tragic hero is that he or she has a complete reversal of fortune brought by the hero's own flaw. Proctor's life completely turned upside down when Abigail accused his loved ones who then were sent to jail, or executed. John Proctor a man of great nobility and pride cleansed his soul after he suffered a tragic death, and became a symbol of purity and righteousness for others to follow.
Bhatia, Santosh. "Use of Irony in the Crucible." Bloom's Guides. Ed. Harold Bloom. New. New York, NY: InfoBase Publishing, 2010. 59-63. Print.
Bigbie, Brett. "John Proctor as a Tragic Hero in Arthur Miller's The Crucible." http://www.associatedcontent.com/article/1759832/john_proctor_as_a_tragic_hero_in_arthur.html?cat=38 1 (2009): n.pag. Web. 10 Dec. 2010.
Centola, Steven R. "Possibility for Human Redemption in the Puritan Community." Bloom's Guides. Ed. Harold Bloom. New. New York, NY: InfoBase Publishing, 2010. 59-63. Print.
Miller, Arthur. The Crucible. New York, NY: Penguin Books USA Inc., 1976. Print.
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NEW DELHI (Reuters) - Narendra Modi thundered to victory on Friday in India's election, trouncing the ruling Nehru-Gandhi dynasty in a seismic political shift that gives the Hindu nationalist and his party a mandate for sweeping economic reform.
Modi's landslide, the most resounding election victory India has seen in 30 years, was welcomed with a blistering rally on India's stock markets and raucous celebrations at offices across the country of his Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), where supporters danced, let off fireworks and handed out sweets.
The BJP looked certain of a parliamentary majority, giving the 63-year-old former tea-seller ample room to advance reforms started 23 years ago by current Prime Minister Manmohan Singh but which stalled in recent years.
Speaking to a sea of people dressed in the party's official orange colours and chanting his name in his home state of Gujarat, Modi thanked the nation, and immediately addressed concerns his pro-Hindu leanings would sideline minorities.
"The age of divisive politics has ended, from today onwards the politics of uniting people will begin," Modi said. "We want more strength for the wellbeing of the country ... I see a glorious and prosperous India."
Singh's Congress suffered its worst wipeout, a big boost to Modi's goal of ending the dominance of the Nehru-Gandhi family that has governed for most of the 67 years of independent India.
Singh, whose party looked set to win less than 50 of the 543 parliamentary seats at stake, congratulated Modi with a telephone call. Party president Sonia Gandhi and her son Rahul quickly conceded defeat.
The desire for change has been so strong that voters put aside concerns about Modi's Hindu-centric politics.
"India's economy was in the doldrums. We have hope that he'll lift up the economy, that he'll create jobs," said Shailesh Jha, 29, embracing a jubilant group of friends at the BJP's Delhi headquarters.
Jha echoed the sentiment of those who believed Modi's promises of economic growth to meet the demands of millions of youngsters who reach working age each year and could boost India's productivity if given jobs.
With more than six times the seats of its closest rival, Modi's is the most decisive mandate for a leader since the 1984 assassination of Prime Minister Indira Gandhi propelled her son to office. Since 1989, India has been governed by coalitions.
By 10 p.m. (1630 GMT), the BJP had won or was winning in 282 seats in parliament, counting trends showed, comfortably across the halfway mark of 272 required to rule. An alliance led by the party was ahead in 340 seats, TV channel NDTV said.
In Washington, the Obama administration congratulated Modi and the BJP and said he would be granted a visa for U.S. travel. Washington denied Modi a visa in 2005 over sectarian riots in Gujarat three years earlier, when he had just become chief minister of the state. More than 1,000 people, most of them Muslims, were killed.
Responding to the news, Indian markets got off to a roaring start, with the rupee INR=D2 breaking below 59 to the U.S. dollar, an 11-month high, and the Sensex jumping 6 percent to a record high before paring its gains.
Betting on a Modi win, foreign investors have poured more than $16 billion into Indian stocks and bonds in the past six months and now hold over 22 percent of Mumbai-listed equities - a stake estimated by Morgan Stanley at almost $280 billion.
Unlike his predecessors, Modi will not have to deal with unruly partners as he implements reform. That could usher in profound economic changes, with some supporters imagining him as India's answer to Margaret Thatcher.
He will try to replicate his success in attracting investment and building infrastructure in Gujarat, the state he has governed for more than 12 years.
"He can afford to have a smaller but stronger cabinet, that means a far more decisive government. He has been saying less government and more governance, we are really likely to see that," said Navneet Munot, chief investment officer at SBI Funds Management in Mumbai.
But with India's economy suffering its worst slowdown since the 1980s and battling high inflation, it will not be an easy task to meet the hopes of millions of Indians who have bought into the idea that Modi will quickly push their country onto the top table of global economic powers.
His party also lacks strength in the upper house of parliament, where backing is needed for legislation to pass.
"It's important to be realistic about how quickly they can instigate change. It takes time to, number one, get economic reforms through the political machinery and, number two, it also takes a while before economic reforms actually have a positive impact," said Leif Eskesen, an economist at HSBC in Singapore.
India's election was the world's largest. Staggered over five weeks, a record of more than 500 million ballots were cast from the Himalayas in the north to the tropical south, with voters braving blistering heat for a record 66 percent turnout.
Since being named as his party's candidate in September, Modi has flown 300,000 km (186,000 miles) and addressed 457 rallies in a slick, presidential-style campaign that broke the mould of Indian politics.
Modi contrasted his humble roots with the cloistered life of privilege of his dynastic rivals.
He ran circles around his slow-footed opponent Rahul Gandhi, 43, from the Congress party which his family has dominated since his great-grandfather, Jawaharlal Nehru, led India to independence from Britain in 1947.
Rahul, his Italian-born mother, Sonia, beside him, shouldered blame for their party's rout.
"The Congress has done pretty badly, there is a lot for us to think about. As vice president of the party I hold myself responsible."
Both mother and son held onto their own seats, but these were the only ones their party clinched in the crucial state of Uttar Pradesh, which sends 80 lawmakers to parliament.
Prime Minister Singh launched reforms in 1991 as finance minister that opened India's socialist economy to global capital, but his spell in the top job ended marred by corruption and a floundering economy amid mounting policy paralysis. He has already bid farewell to his staff after 10 years in office.
The dark chapter of violence against Muslims that occurred on Modi's watch in Gujarat has mattered less and less to many, including a ballooning middle class alarmed by dwindling purchasing power and job opportunities as the economy slumped to sub-five percent growth in the last two years. Modi has promised that, if elected, he would take decisive action to unblock stalled investments in power, road and rail projects to revive economic growth.
Tax and labour market reforms, backed by a gradual opening up to foreign investment, would seek to create the 10 million jobs that Asia's third-largest economy needs every year to absorb young people entering the workforce.
(Additional reporting by Frank Jack Daniel, Rajesh Kumar Singh, Aditya Kalra, Rajesh Kumar Singh, Malini Menon and Tommy Wilkes in New Delhi, and Sanjeev Miglani in Ahmedabad, India; Writing by Frank Jack Daniel and John Chalmers; Editing by Mike Collett-White and Mohammad Zargham)
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Nepali police and local volunteers found the bodies of about 100 trekkers and villagers buried in an avalanche set off by last month's devastating earthquake and were digging through snow and ice for signs of dozens more missing, officials said on Monday. Full Article | Slideshow
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The final installment of our world record wannabes is right here. Enjoy!
I have to confess that I'm feeling a little bit like a fish out of water. I can't remember the last time I was anywhere without a boat and fishing tackle.
Not that bass fishing doesn't have him, it just makes a good title.
David Walker gets a Classic berth and a tour-level win on Alabama's Wheeler Lake
"I could stay awake just to hear you breathing…" Dateline: Dads I died on Father's Day. It was the day I was born.
David Walker leads after two days of the Dixie Duel.
Denny Brauer scrambles on Arkansas River for Day One lead, with Ish only two ounces back.
ABT Lure Co. of Ahwahnee, Calif., has re-signed Grant Goldbeck with a multiyear contract.
Colorado's balance carried it to the team title at the Western Divisional presented by Yamaha and Skeeter. Jay Salisbury, meanwhile, survived a charge by Curtis Spindler to take the individual crown.
Photos from Day One of the Federation Nation Western Divisional presented by Yamaha and Skeeter on Navajo Lake.


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Loralee Sepsey"QuestBridge opens your eyes. You learn about financial aid, awesome schools, and get a free application for them! You stick out as a QuestBridge applicant because despite all of the challenges and limitations you've faced in your life, you leaped over them to become a well-rounded, successful human being who is mature enough not only to handle life at their school, but to thrive. " |
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The 2014 National College Match application is now closed. Before applying, please: 1) Review Who Should Apply carefully to see if you qualify. 2) Read through our How to Apply section to familiarize yourself with our application process. Learn more about applying through the College Match and through Regular Decision. Once you've started the application, you may click on the "Access My Application" link above the search box on any page of our website to access your account.


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- Publisher: Jrp Ringier
- Format: Audio cassette
- Language: English / French
- Dimensions: 135mm x 190mm x 14mm | 95g
- Publication date: 1 December 2007
- Publication City/Country: Zurich
Product description
For the last 40 years Gilbert & George have united and divided the international art scene with equal parts insolence and elegance. Their oeuvre, with its repeating figures and reprising themes of shit, piss, blood, tears, nudity, sperm, alcohol and drugs, overturned the conventions of the twentieth century and helped to set the agenda for the twenty-first. This 35-minute film produced, hosted and edited by the influential international curator Hans Ulrich Obrist is the first documentary to follow Gilbert & George inside their creative process, and into their archives and collection. Obrist discovers the couple's intimate life within the interior of their London house, a veritable museum of obsessions. Beyond good and bad, beyond appearances and objects (negatives, books, press cuttings ), viewers are offered unprecedented insight into the artists' methods and the forms of thinking and categorizing that make up their philosophy on art and life. Gilbert & George met and began their collaboration in 1967 in London; in 1986 they won the Turner Prize; in 2005 they represented the U.K. at the Venice Biennale; from 2007 through 2009, a retrospective of their work will be touring major museums worldwide.


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Northern Ireland's Olympic medal-winning rowers have made a triumphant return to their hometown of Coleraine.
^^Click 'More Pictures' to launch gallery^^
Peter and Richard Chambers - who took silver in the lightweight fours - and single sculls bronze medallist Alan Campbell were cheered by crowds at Bann Rowing Club where they honed their skills.
In total, Northern Ireland athletes took home five medals from the London Olympics. Yesterday, bronze medal-winning boxers Paddy Barnes and Michael Conlan were hailed by thousands as they took an open-top bus ride through Belfast city centre.


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Granite Surface Plate $10 Off
Super flat surface perfect for leveling plane blades. Buy Now $26.99
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Good Saw
By The Crumbler
from Cleveland Ohio
About Me Avid Do-It-Yourselfer
Comments about Veritas Crosscut Carcass Saw 14 tpi :
I use this saw to cut the shoulders of tenons and to make crosscuts in small pieces of wood for furniture projects. I have not had any issues with this saw and I really enjoy how it fits in my hand. The ergonomics of this saw make my cuts cleaner, faster, smoother, and more accurate.
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This is a beautiful and very aggressive cutting carcass saw. I first used it for making large dovetails in the apron corner joints around my new workbench. What a pleasure to use! This saw has officially been added to my favorite tool group.
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About Me
Was in need of a pair of good tenon/carcass saws. Poured over all the brands and reviews. I took the unplugged workshop last year and Tom Caspar had the dovetail Veritas and said he really enjoyed it. I have a good Dozuki as well, but these outperform it in certain applications. If you are looking for a good quality western style saw, these ones are a very good quality saw at an unbeatable price. Went through hard maple like butter the first cut. Really satisfied.


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Guy Gardner
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Guy Gardner may refer to:
- Guy Gardner (astronaut) (born 1948), United States Air Force officer and former astronaut
- Guy Gardner (comics), DC Comics character who primarily operates as a Green Lantern
- Guy B. Gardner (1920–1980), head football coach for the Howard Payne University Yellow Jackets
This disambiguation page lists articles about people with the same name. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. |


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- Security Type:Rate
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Peruvian Non-Seasonalized GDP. Index designed to show the evolution of the economic activity in the short term via the estimation of the behaviour of the Global and Sectorial GDP. It has a year base 1994=100. Non-cumulative indices presented on monthly basis. The global GDP is composed by the weighed sectorial GDPs as follows: * Agricultural/cattling
Quotes delayed, except where indicated otherwise. All prices in local currency. Time is ET.


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He worked alongside Peter Jackson on several projects during his 40-year career, including The Hobbit film franchise
Every fixture in the Football League honoured the 56 who died with a minute's silence which Jackson feels should be the case every year
Ralph Fiennes was awarded with an Empire Legend award while Karen Gillan also scooped a prize
Who would you name-check in your Oscar acceptance speech? Here are the five people who have been thanked more often than God
The actor appears in the forthcoming instalment and the next Avengers movie and his own specialist studio has also worked on performance capture filming
The Naked Chef was offered a part if he would cook at director Peter Jackson's 50th birthday party - but it clashed with his upcoming series
The Lord of the Rings star has won accolades across tinsel town for his portrayal of Caeser in Dawn Of The Planet Of The Apes
The Hobbit director has hit out at the industry and insists it has 'lost its way'
The Bilbo Baggins actor stars in the final part of Peter Jackson's Tolkien adapation but says his British TV show seems to inspire even greater fanaticism
Mirror film critic David Edwards says the final part of the Tolkien adaptation is a fitting end to a magnificent trilogy
Military records show Jackson' great-grandfather fought alongside the acclaimed author during World War One
Battle of the Five Armies star also has the 'weirdest fan encounter' at the premiere
The sweeping new film will bring Bilbo Baggins' journey to an end - but not before one last epic fight
Air New Zealand is concluding its Middle-earth movie association with new briefing for its long-haul passengers celebrating final part of Peter Jackson's trilogy
"There's a certain reality to me going out now. I'd get six paces, no further, and it would be selfies, and nothing else.," said 52-year-old
Squaring up to Bard the Bowman in Peter Jackson's final instalment seems the last of the ruthless dragon's problems
Hobbit director Jackson would be 'very happy' to lend his skills to an episode of the show
The Duke of Cambridge played the lead role as a First World War fighter ace with the hit film-maker recording his every move on an iPhone
The Oscar-winning British actress tells John Hiscock how she could identify with the character in her latest dramatic role
Karin Wright lives out her childhood dreams with a trip to Hollywood ahead of the big night
Peter Jackson's newest instalment in the Middle Earth trilogy has kept hold of the stop spot for the third week in a row
The Sherlock actor talks about filming the thrilling Desolation Of Smaug sequel in New Zealand and how he hadn't even read Tolkein's famous books
That darn green screen has once again got in the way of a simmering bromance
Martin Freeman is still wonderfully subtle and nuanced as Bilbo in this blissfully exciting rollercoaster ride of fantasy action and adventure
Second installment in the franchise sees Freeman's Bilbo take on Benedict Cumberbatch's Smaug
On the day that Brad Pitt's World War Z is released, Mirror Online presents the finest zombies flicks to make you go ARRRRRRRRRGH
Are you excited about the next Hobbit film?
Why read the book when you watch the film? These awful adaptations are why...
Lots of little folk have an awfully big adventure in this magnificent prequel to Peter Jackson's multi-Oscar winning trilogy, The Lord of the Rings
Ol' bug eyes Gollum is back in a 12A adventure, running time 169mins, which stretches the tale to breaking point


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Futons really are an amazing invention .
Thanks, Japan
Only when filled with discarded fun bags. Si, IMPLANTE!
I have one in my home office for guests.
Futons… for when your best friend unexpectedly wants to have sex with someone they picked up at a bar.
I need to buy a futon this week. Recommendations please!
My Futon Pulls Out, But I Don't!
(One of my best friends who passed away last year always insisted on using that as our trivia team name lol. Miss you boo!)
Charlie — that brings back memories of the 90s for me!
If you buy a futon, just make sure you buy one with a thick mattress cushion. If it's too thin, your whole body will hurt the next day.
And make sure you have someone to help you move it, because those mattresses are both heavy and awkward.
Super comfortable.
Futins have very limited shelf life. From about 17 to 25, before you hear or say, im not sleeping on the futin again!!!!!
Ive also noticed alternative spelling of"futon" used.
I think futon is the only way to spell it.
Good tip Gayeld. I've always wondered why in the hell they don't sew handles on them. Makes perfect sense.
Uh…not so much an amazing invention. More like really heavy, bulky, uncomfortable alternative to a sofa bed.
Now a Murphy bed, THAT is an amazing invention. It's a wall…noooo…it's a BED!
Funny, Kelli. Years ago, we used to call futons F&F. Flip and F&$k.
Pip, I'm pretty sure auntliddy was making an amusing reference to her fat-fingered typo.


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24 November 2013 It's nine and done for 2013 for the remarkable Sebastian Vettel, although the final race of the season was a scrappier affair for the four-time world champion than usual. [75]
18 November 2013 Sebastian Vettel experienced no dramas as he cruised to his eighth consecutive win of 2013 in the second United States Grand Prix to be held at the Circuit of the Americas. [20]
18 November 2013 In the 2013 season finale, all eyes were on the championship battle between Jimmie Johnson and Matt Kenseth. And that suited Denny Hamlin just fine as he pulled away to win the race.
18 November 2013 Rob Huff stayed out of trouble to take the final WTCC race victory of 2013, after the race started with a red flag and went downhill form there into total carnage. [1]
18 November 2013 Yvan Muller 'Cruzes' to last win for Chevrolet in straightforward race 1 on the Guia Circuit in downtown Macau on Sunday.
17 November 2013 UPDATED: Sebastien Ogier finished his title winning season in style by taking his ninth victory of the year today on Wales Rally GB, the final round in the 2013 World Rally Championship.
11 November 2013 Jimmie Johnson and Matt Kenseth both had their problems on Sunday at Phoenix as Kevin Harvick raced to victory lane, but in the end it was Johnson who had the biggest reason to celebrate.
09 November 2013 Esapekka Lappi underlined his huge potential by winning an action-packed Rallye International du Valais on Saturday, the final round of the 2013 FIA European Rally Championship. [1]
04 November 2013 Jimmie Johnson was in command for three-quarters of Sunday's Cup race: Matt Kenseth, Brad Keselowski and Kyle Busch did their best but by the end there was no one else in it.
03 November 2013 Sebastian Vettel makes it seven wins in a row with a dominant performance under lights at Yas Marina [21]
03 November 2013 A terrific start for ART's James Calado propelled him to the race win and third in the drivers' championship, while disaster for Carlin handed the team title to Russian Time.
03 November 2013 Tiago Monteiro takes victory in the second WTCC race in Shanghai to end his win drought
03 November 2013 Tom Chilton beats team-mate Yvan Muller to the line to win the opening WTCC race in Shanghai
02 November 2013 A stall on the front row for Sam Bird handed the 2013 GP2 Series championship title to Fabio Leimer, as Alexander Rossi battled back to win his first victory in the feeder series.
28 October 2013 Jeff Gordon recalled his glory days at Martinsville with his first win of the year, with Jimmie Johnson unable to gain his usual advantage from the track in his title battle with Matt Kenseth.
27 October 2013 Sebastian Vettel has claimed his fourth consecutive world championship - and Red Bull clinched the team title as well - with a carefully executed strategy delivering an imperious win in India. [61]
27 October 2013 Sebastien Ogier scooped his eighth win of the season and headed team-mate, Jari-Matti Latvala on Rally de Espana today, as Volkswagen secured the Manufacturers' title with one round to go.
21 October 2013 Talladega can be the wild card of the Chase, but none of the frontrunners suffered a knockout blow in 2013 - even if it was still not all that Jimmie Johnson and Matt Kenseth had hoped for.
20 October 2013 Scott Dixon won his third IndyCar championship on Saturday night to extend his run of winning every five years, while Will Power put aside memories of 2012 by claiming victory at Fontana. [2]
20 October 2013 Timo Glock has taken an incredible maiden DTM victory at an utterly crazy rain dominated Hockenheim season finale for BMW while Mercedes' Roberto Merhi also achieved a career best second place.


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How to Find out if Someone Has Passed Away
Death is always a grim subject and many are very reluctant to talk about it. This article will show you how to keep up to date without being insensitive or forceful.
This article has been tagged as a stub. That means it's off to a good start, but still has plenty of room to grow before it reaches its full potential. Can you help it flourish? If you think the article offers complete and accurate instructions, feel free to remove this tag! |
1Ask around! Ask close friends or acquaintances about family life or related topics and slowly bring the conversation towards passing. Don't jump right in. It will seem insensitive.
2Try to be as sympathetic and empathetic as possible. Their death could be very distressing to someone and they may not want to talk about it.
3It may be the source of gossip in your place of work. Inquire politely and as unobtrusively as possible. People will be more inclined to talk about it if your understanding.
4Know when the conversion is uncomfortable or awkward. change the subject to a more light-hearted affair.
5Scan the newspapers! usually deaths are included but not always so don't rely on them too much.
We could really use your help!
homemade cheese?
rate articles?
planting and gardening?
home construction?
- Don't rush in! Leave it for a few days or weeks until the heat simmers down and people are more inclined to talk.
- Be caring! people can be upset and uncommunicative about it so try to be as kindly as possible.
- Don't be fake! Sincerity helps people to open up more
- Don't demand to know! It's often rude
Article Info
Categories: Stub | Death Funerals and Bereavement
Thanks to all authors for creating a page that has been read 4,949 times.


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Marquette Motor Lodge
Marquette Motor Lodge
Hotel Guest Reviews of the Marquette Motor Lodge
Our hotel ratings and reviews are from real hotel guests. Priceline.com ensures that its reviews are guests-only by proactively sending hotel surveys to customers after they've completed their hotel stays. In the post-stay surveys, priceline.com hotel customers are asked a number of questions about their stay and the hotel. On a scale of 1-10 with 10 being the best, the survey asks guests to rate their overall experience and specifically rate the hotel's cleanliness, staff and location. Priceline.com does not allow site visitors to post unsolicited hotel reviews.September 29, 2014
The room was relatively inexpensive and met our needs. The owner seemed to be very dedicated to his business.
September 17, 2014
Will be going back to stay again!
September 7, 2014
Senior Travelers
there was plenty of parking space, a court yard that had benches, with landscaping surrounding; thoroughly enjoyed the stay. thank you
August 11, 2014
Spacious room for a motel.
March 19, 2014
Clearly not as advertised. Cramped, dingy lobby, poor service by desk clerk--had to knock on door to get service--woulod not respond to pager on counter. He was unshaven and unkempt.
October 2, 2013
Business Traveler
Clean- close to Marquette- McDonalds near by- cheap- bed was comfortable- no noise. Rooms better than outside appearance.
August 6, 2013
Solo Traveler
not a bad place if you just need a bed, I am going back in Oct. the price is a little high put its the best deal in town!
July 10, 2013
Senior Travelers
We would not recommend this motel to anyone. It is a very poor condition. In fact, after we signed in and paid for the room, we decided not to stay there and went to another motel for the night. A bad experience overall and would advise travelers to beware of this place.
February 12, 2013
it was a nice hotel for the money
October 18, 2012
Business Traveler
(1 - 10 of 10 reviews)
- Americas Best Value Inn - Marquette from $47 (0.1mi)
- Econo Lodge Lakeside from $69 (1.9mi)
- Hampton Inn Marquette/Waterfront, Mi from $154 (4.2mi)
- Ramada Inn Marquette from $101 (4.5mi)
- Settle Inn - Marquette from $74 (4.9mi)
- Villa Capri Italian Cuisine (1.0mi)
- Third Street Bagel Company (4.5mi)
- Vangos Lounge & Pizza (4.9mi)
- Greywalls (4.9mi)


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Results 51 - 100 of 559 | ||
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 > | ||
García-Solís Pablo - - 2013
To estimate median urinary iodine concentration (UIC), and to correlate it with global nutrition indicators and social gap index (SGI) in 50 elementary state schools from 10 municipalities in the State of Queretaro, Mexico. 1,544 students were enrolled and an above of requirements of iodine intake was found (median UIC ...
Bleich Sara N - - 2013
Participation from the business community is critical to effectively addressing the problem of obesity. This commentary builds on the recent IOM report - Accelerating Progress in Obesity Prevention - which calls for participation from the business community, particularly food outlets, to effectively address the problem of obesity. This commentary specifically ...
Manes Mindi R - - 2013
In the U.S., foodborne disease causes millions of illnesses annually, resulting in thousands of deaths. To reduce food poisoning, restaurant food handlers need accurate knowledge of food safety principles as a starting point for the outcome of optimal food safety behavior. The study described in this article determined food safety ...
Skinner Kelly - - 2013
To measure and describe the prevalence and severity of household food insecurity in a remote on-reserve First Nations community using the Household Food Security Survey Module (HFSSM) and to evaluate the perceived relevance of the HFSSM for this population. Household food security status was determined from the eighteen-item HFSSM following ...
Yeakel Justin D JD Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA. - - 2013
Species interactions form food webs, impacting community structure and, potentially, ecological dynamics. It is likely that global climatic perturbations that occur over long periods of time have a significant influence on species interaction patterns. Here, we integrate stable isotope analysis and network theory to reconstruct patterns of trophic interactions for ...
Cardoso P G - - 2013
This study focuses on the impact of mercury on the dynamics and bioaccumulation patterns of suprabenthic peracarida community along a mercury gradient. Suprabenthic peracarida was negatively affected in terms of biomass, diversity and productivity. Mysids including Mesopodopsis slabberi dominated the community, presenting a regular distribution along the Hg gradient, so ...
Skinner Kelly - - 2013
BACKGROUND: Food insecurity is a serious public health issue for Aboriginal people (First Nations [FN], Metis, and Inuit) living in Canada. Food security challenges faced by FN people are unique, especially for those living in remote and isolated communities. Conceptualizations of food insecurity by FN people are poorly understood. The ...
Aghini-Lombardi F - - 2013
The objective of this study was to establish the status of iodine nutrition in Southern Italy. The survey was carried out on 11-14 yr old children attending primary school and living in urban and non urban areas of 8 regions of Southern Italy. Urinary iodine excretion (UIE) was measured in ...
Monterrosa Eva C - - 2013
Scalable interventions are needed to improve infant and young child feeding (IYCF). We evaluated whether an IYCF nutrition communication strategy using radio and nurses changed beliefs, attitudes, social norms, intentions, and behaviors related to breastfeeding (BF), dietary diversity, and food consistency. Women with children 6-24 mo were randomly selected from ...
Brimblecombe Julie K - - 2013
To describe the nutritional quality of community-level diets in remote northern Australian communities. A multisite 12-04 assessment (July 2010 to June 2011) of community-level diet in three remote Aboriginal communities in the Northern Territory, linking data from food outlets and food services to the Australian Food and Nutrient Database. Contribution of ...
Dadheech Pawan K - - 2013
Hot springs and saline-alkaline lakes of East Africa are extreme habitats regarding temperature, or salinity and pH, respectively. This study examines if divergent habitats of Lake Bogoria, Kenya impacts cyanobacterial community structure. Samples from the hot springs, pelagic zone, and sediment were analysed by light microscopy, multilocus 454-amplicons sequencing, and ...
Fuster Melissa - - 2013
OBJECTIVE: To develop a household-level diet quality indicator (HDQI) using the Salvadorian dietary guidelines to assess the dietary quality of households in vulnerable communities in El Salvador. DESIGN: The Salvadorian dietary guidelines were reviewed and eighteen HDQI components were identified (nine foods and nine nutrients). The components were evaluated using ...
Cui Zhenling - - 2013
Although the goal of doubling food demand while simultaneously reducing agricultural environmental damage has become widely accepted, the dominant agricultural paradigm still considers high yields and reduced greenhouse gas (GHG) intensity to be in conflict with one another. Here, we achieved an increase in maize yield of 70% in on-farm ...
- - 2013
Given the recent horsemeat scandal, the National Office for Animal Health's fourth food chain conference, held at the Royal Society in London on March 6, was particularly timely. Representatives from all areas of the food chain, from regulators through to retailers, came together to discuss some of the myths surrounding ...
Nevarez Carmen R - - 2013
The prevalence of overweight and obesity in children has risen nationally in recent decades, and is exceptionally high in low-income communities of color such as South Los Angeles CA. Independently owned restaurants participating in the Salud Tiene Sabor program at ethnic foods marketplace Mercado La Paloma in South Los Angeles ...
Alves Douglas F R - - 2013
The main goals of this investigation were to describe the community structure of anomuran and brachyuran crabs inhabiting reefs constituted by colonies of Schizoporella unicornis, and to provide a species importance ranking for this community. Collections were carried out on S. unicornis reefs at two-month intervals from May 2003 to ...
Pitts Stephanie B Jilcott - - 2013
CONTEXT:: Obesity-prevention policies are needed, particularly in low-income rural areas of the southern United States, where obesity and chronic disease prevalence are high. In 2009, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention issued the "Common Community Measures for Obesity Prevention" (COCOMO), a set of 24 recommended community-level obesity-prevention strategies. OBJECTIVE:: ...
Landeira-Dabarca A - - 2013
To test the hypothesis that a switch in diet might cause changes in the abundance and composition of mucous-dwelling microorganisms, a short-term experiment was conducted with Atlantic salmon Salmo salar. Fish were fed on three different diets: pelleted S. salar feed, macroinvertebrates or pellets supplemented with an antibiotic. A fourth ...
Shan Liran - - 2013
The world of communication has changed significantly in the last decade as a result of the evolution of social media. Food crisis managers and communicators should be cognizant of the messages presented to the public by all media channels during a crisis. Using the 2008 Irish dioxin contamination incident as ...
Pomerleau J - - 2013
OBJECTIVES: The authors designed an instrument to measure objectively aspects of the built and food environments in urban areas, the EURO-PREVOB Community Questionnaire, within the EU-funded project 'Tackling the social and economic determinants of nutrition and physical activity for the prevention of obesity across Europe' (EURO-PREVOB). This paper describes its ...
Smith Michelle I MI Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, - - 2013
Kwashiorkor, an enigmatic form of severe acute malnutrition, is the consequence of inadequate nutrient intake plus additional environmental insults. To investigate the role of the gut microbiome, we studied 317 Malawian twin pairs during the first 3 years of life. During this time, half of the twin pairs remained well ...
Community-based intervention to improve dietary habits and promote physical activity among older ...
Kimura Mika - - 2013
ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: The fastest growing age group globally is older adults, and preventing the need for long-term nursing care in this group is important for social and financial reasons. A population approach to diet and physical activity through the use of social services can play an important role in prevention. ...
Theall Katherine P - - 2013
Several studies have shown an association between food insecurity and adverse health outcomes.(1-3) This association may be partially caused by the affordable nature of high caloric foods, which if consumed frequently, can result in obesity.(4) This theory does not account for the association between food-insecure, undernourished adults and adverse health ...
Loopstra Rachel - - 2013
Growing recognition of the problem of household food insecurity in Canada has meant public health practitioners are looking for effective ways to ameliorate this problem in their communities. Community gardens, community kitchens, and food box programs can offer nutritious foods for comparably lower costs, however, the uptake and perceptions of ...
Pawlik Joseph R - - 2013
Caribbean coral reefs have been transformed in the past few decades with the demise of reef-building corals, and sponges are now the dominant habitat-forming organisms on most reefs. Competing hypotheses propose that sponge communities are controlled primarily by predatory fishes (top-down) or by the availability of picoplankton to suspension-feeding sponges ...
do Nascimento Viviany Teixeira - - 2013
The investigation aimed to compare the knowledge about food plants in rural communities of the Caatinga. The study was conducted in two rural communities in northeastern Brazil. Data collection utilized different ethnobotanical methods, including free listing, semi-structured interviews, and recall. Native species are less frequently consumed as food in both ...
Cooper Elizabeth Elliott - - 2013
Hunger is complex, encompassing experiences ranging from a family's forced acceptance of a monotonous diet to individual physiological pain. I evaluate the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS) as a means of capturing the universal elements of hunger without doing violence to its culturally-specific expressions within two Malay communities. The ...
Vahabi Mandana - - 2013
In Canada, recent immigrant households experience more food insecurity than the general population, but limited information is available about the personal, cultural, and social factors that contribute to this vulnerability. This study focused on recent Latin American (LA) immigrants to explore their perceived barriers in acquiring safe, nutritious, and culturally-appropriate ...
Gingold Ruth - - 2013
Biodiversity has diminished over the past decades with climate change being among the main responsible factors. One consequence of climate change is the increase in sea surface temperature, which, together with long exposure periods in intertidal areas, may exceed the tolerance level of benthic organisms. Benthic communities may suffer structural ...
Agha Mohammad M - - 2013
Objective: A significant decline in the prevalence of neural tube defects (NTD) through food fortification has been reported. Questions remain, however, about the effectiveness of this intervention in reducing the gap in prevalence across socioeconomic status (SES). Study Design: Using health number and through record linkage, children born in Ontario ...
Larson Celia - - 2013
Food deserts, areas that lack full-service grocery stores, may contribute to rising rates of obesity and chronic diseases among low-income and racial/ethnic minority residents. Our corner store project, part of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Communities Putting Prevention to Work initiative, aimed to increase availability of healthful foods ...
Kang Min J - - 2013
Hypothetical bias is the common finding that hypothetical monetary values for "goods" are higher than real values. We extend this research to the domain of "bads" such as consumer and household choices made to avoid aversive outcomes (e.g., insurance). Previous evidence of hot-cold empathy gaps suggest food disgust is likely ...
Takanashi Kumiko - - 2013
Ingestion of contaminated water or food is a major contributor to childhood diarrhea in developing countries. In Vietnam, the use of community-based information, education and communication (IEC) activities could be a sustainable strategy to improve food hygiene and food safety behaviors. This study thus examined the long-term impact of community-based ...
Jaskiewicz Lara - - 2013
Low-income and minority communities have higher rates of nutrition-related chronic diseases than do high-income and nonminority communities and often have reduced availability to healthful foods. Corner store initiatives have been proposed as a strategy to improve access to healthful foods in these communities, yet few studies evaluating these initiatives have ...
Pusey Anne E - - 2013
Female chimpanzees exhibit exceptionally slow rates of reproduction and raise their offspring without direct paternal care. Therefore, their reproductive success depends critically on long-term access to high-quality food resources over a long lifespan. Chimpanzee communities contain multiple adult males, multiple adult females and their offspring. Because males are philopatric and ...
Haynes-Maslow Lindsey L Department of Health Policy and Management, CB 7411, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7411, USA. - - 2013
Obesity is the leading preventable cause of illness and a major contributor to chronic disease. Eating fresh fruits and vegetables can help manage and prevent weight gain and reduce the risk of chronic diseases. Low-income communities often lack stores that sell fresh fruit and vegetables and have instead stores that ...
Cho Si-Kyung - - 2012
The performance of dry anaerobic digestion (AD) of food waste was investigated under mesophilic conditions and the methanogenic community was investigated using 454 pyrosequencing. Stable dry AD was achieved by hydraulic retention time (HRT) control without the addition of alkali agents. The average CH(4) production rate, CH(4) content, and volatile ...
Mead Erin L - - 2012
Diet-related chronic diseases are highly prevalent among indigenous populations in the Canadian Arctic. A community-based, multi-institutional nutritional and lifestyle intervention-Healthy Foods North-was implemented to improve food-related psychosocial factors and behaviors among Inuit and Inuvialuit in four intervention communities (with two comparison communities) in Nunavut and the Northwest Territories, Canada, in ...
Van't Veer Pieter - - 2012
This paper describes the outcome of the workshop 'Deriving Micronutrient Recommendations: Updating Best Practices' which took place in Brussels in April 2012. The workshop was organised jointly by the European Micronutrient Recommendations Aligned (EURRECA) Network of Excellence and the World Health Organization (WHO) Regional Office for Europe. The delegates included, ...
Moynihan Paula - - 2012
This feature investigates the potential relevance to community care of a new food provision and nutritional management system for older hospital patients. A qualitative study identified the core factors contributing to inadequate food intake in older patients in hospital, including: poor mealtime ambience; lack of necessary mealtime assistance; inflexible meal ...
Atkinson Ashley E - - 2012
The city's community gardens today supply just 2 percent of the fruit and vegetables consumed locally. Ashley Atkinson aims for "food sovereignty"-the day when most of the fresh fruits and vegetables that city residents eat are also grown there.
Landon Jane - - 2012
In 2011 the National Heart Forum completed a commission from the UK Department of Health to conduct a mapping and consultation exercise on the marketing and promotion of food and drinks to children. One of the outputs was an analysis of the regulatory environment including statutory and self-regulatory rules and ...
Ohlberger Jan - - 2012
Abstract Ecological interactions determine the structure and dynamics of communities and their responses to the environment. Understanding the community-level effects of ecological interactions, such as intra- and interspecifc competition, predation, and cannibalism, is therefore central to ecological theory and ecosystem management. Here, we investigate the community-level consequences of cannibalism in ...
Best R J - - 2012
Field studies of community assembly patterns increasingly use phylogenetic relatedness as a surrogate for traits. Recent experiments appear to validate this approach by showing effects of correlated trait and phylogenetic distances on coexistence. However, traits governing resource use in animals are often labile. To test whether feeding trait or phylogenetic ...
Fleischhacker Sheila E - - 2012
More than 23 million Americans have limited access to grocery stores. Healthy food financing initiatives have been emerging at local, state, and federal levels to address grocery gaps. Through public-private partnerships, retailers have been awarded funding to open or renovate a variety of food outlets. Preliminary findings have reported increased ...
Houkom Kim - - 2012
Mark is a 17-year-old adolescent with an unknown dysmorphic syndrome associated with intellectual disability. His food intake was limited for at least 3 months. He refused all foods, while he lost 12 pounds in 9 months. His mother said that he has been in a good mood and performing at ...
Black Christina C Medical Research Council Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Tremona Road, Southampton SO16 6YD, England, UK. - - 2012
This study addresses a gap in the food environment literature by investigating spatial differences in the inter relationship of price, variety and quality of food in southern England. We conducted a survey of all grocery stores (n=195) in the city of Southampton, UK, and ranked neighbourhoods according to national quintiles ...
Pistiner Michael - - 2012
Managing food allergies in schools is a necessary but complex task. Breakdowns in implementation of school policies have resulted in devastating consequences and can create a divided school community. School nurses play the central role in the food allergy education of staff parents and students. An educated school community can ...
Oni Olurinde A - - 2012
Poor maternal nutrition, especially in rural settings, adversely affects pregnancy and birth outcomes. In many local communities, pregnant women have food taboos with consequent depletion of vital nutrients. To facilitate early identification and prompt counseling, this study aimed at describing pregnant women who are likely to keep food taboos. Data ...
Mueller Nathaniel D - - 2012
In the coming decades, a crucial challenge for humanity will be meeting future food demands without undermining further the integrity of the Earth's environmental systems. Agricultural systems are already major forces of global environmental degradation, but population growth and increasing consumption of calorie- and meat-intensive diets are expected to roughly ...
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 > |


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Definitions for cube steak
This page provides all possible meanings and translations of the word cube steak
cube steak(Noun)
A tenderized cut of beef, usually top round or top sirloin, used for example in chicken-fried steak.
Cube steak
Cube steak is a cut of beef, usually top round or top sirloin, tenderized by fierce pounding with a meat tenderizer, or use of an electric tenderizer. The name refers to the shape of the indentations left by that process. Many professional cooks insist that regular tenderizing mallets cause too much mashing to produce a proper cube steak, and insist on either using specialized cube steak machines, or manually applying a set of sharp pointed rods to pierce the meat in every direction. This is the most common cut of meat used for chicken fried steak.
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3Dave Goldberg died from head injuries sustained when he fell off a treadmill
4Mother-in-law issue is the old introvert/extrovert problem
5Food critic: Mom won't be around forever. While I've still got her, we're going to cook.
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Will The Supreme Court End New York's Rent Control Laws?
Description:"If you wanted to destroy a city's housing - short of bombing - the best way to do it is rent control," says Cato legal associate Trevor Burrus. While most cities in America long ago got rid of rent control, New York remains a bastion of government-mandated limits on what landlords can charge renters. About 50 percent of New York's rental market is affected by rent control or rent stabilization, policies that keep rents artificially low and produce housing shortages. (2:33)
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Tags: Will The Supreme Court End New York's Rent Control , landlords , NYC rent control , Reason.TV


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Pac-12 QBs trying to settle in |
Written by Admin |
Tuesday, 03 September 2013 11:48 |
(Eds: APNewsNow. With AP Photos.) By JOHN MARSHALL AP College Football Writer PHOENIX (AP) - Several Pac-12 teams had prolonged quarterback competitions that lasted until the opening game. Some still haven't been decided. Arizona coach Rich Rodriguez and Southern California coach Lane Kiffin never did announce starting quarterbacks before their opening games, opting to keep it under wraps until the first play of the game. Arizona's B.J. Denker played well against Northern Arizona and will start against UNLV, but Kiffin has yet to announce whether Cody Kessler or Max Wittek will start against Washington State. California, Colorado and Oregon State all had tight quarterback competitions but seem to be set on who their starts will be for the season. |


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There are many factor that influence weather, many of which we cannot see.
The Water Cycle
As the sun warms the surface of the Earth, water rises in the form of water vapor from lakes, rivers, oceans, plants, the ground, and other sources. This process is called evaporation.
Water vapor provides the moisture that forms clouds; it eventually returns to Earth in the form of precipitation, and the cycle continues.
Air Masses
When air hovers for a while over a surface area with uniform humidity and temperature, it takes on the characteristics of the area below. For example, an air mass over the tropical Atlantic Ocean would become warm and humid; an air mass over the winter snow and ice of northern Canada would become cold and dry. These massive volumes of air often cover thousands of miles and reach to the stratosphere. Overtime, mid-latitude cyclonic storms and global wind patterns move them to locations far from their source regions.
What happens when 2 air masses meet? The cold air pushes the hot air upwards, when going up the temperature drops and the air can't hold as much water when it is warm, so the cold water molecules condense and form clouds.
Jet Stream
A jet stream is the name given to the area of air above where two air masses of different temperature converge e.g. a cold front meeting a warm front. The greater the temperature difference between the air masses, the greater the air pressure difference, and the faster the wind blows in the jet stream. This river of air has wind speeds which often exceed 100 mph, and sometimes over 200 mph. Jet streams more commonly form in the winter, when there is a greater difference between the temperature of the cold continental air masses and warm oceanic air masses.
This meandering current of high-speed wind, a jet stream is usually found around five to ten miles above Earth's surface.
It generally flows west to east, often in a non-continuous wavy fashion, with cold, Equatorward dips and warm, Poleward bulges.
Weather Fronts
The transition zone between two air masses of different humidity and temperature is called a front. Along a cold front, cold air displaces warm air; along a warm front, warm air displaces cold air. When neither air mass displaces the other, a stationary front develops. Towering clouds and intense storms may form along cold fronts, while widespread clouds and rain, snow, sleet, or drizzle may accompany warm fronts.
You will find below a selection of useful information sites and resources
BBC Weather - The BBC Weather Centre provides UK and Worldwide weather services and maps for temperature, wind, satellite, pressure and radar.
Met Office - Weather and climate change
Climate Change - Climate change is a long-term change in the statistical distribution of weather patterns over periods of time that range from decades to millions of years.


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The menu on the left provides links to related RAAOC sites.


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The Commie Awards are given each month for the best comment on this blog. The monthly awards are the time for you, our reader-respondents, to shine. A special guest is chosen each month to present the award so the winner will feel extra-special.
After a month-long power struggle, we've finally...uh..."chosen" a guest presenter for the December award.
Before he was internationally infamous, our presenter looked like this: affable, business casual, and very proud of his own funny jokes. The kind of man you would like to have for a boss--if his pen name weren't Joseph Stalin.
The nominees for December are:
KP for disappearing during the month. Good choice.
Leon Trotsky for being a loser.
James Goldberg for failing to accept Soviet realism.
The Jews for involvement in various conspiracies.
Peter for his thoughts on the Apocalypse.
All the nominees have been killed, exiled, or ordered to be killed in exile.
And the winner of the December Commie Award is....
...Joseph Stalin!
What to See at the Mormon Letters Conference Tomorrow
Tomorrow (Saturday, 28 March) is a special day. It is not only the day we
get ready for Sunday, 1-5 pm is also the time when you can gather for free
to the...
4 weeks ago


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Best mussels in philly
Jan 22, 2009 by natasha23 in Philadelphia
Pig Roasting Dilemma
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Wild boat in Philly area
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BYOB Ranting
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Cooking supply stores in Philly?
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Lunch near Yards Brewing
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Bagel Recommendations in Center City
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Best fish taco in philadelphia
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Fake Accent
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West African food?
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Joseph Poon Chef Kitchen
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Mad Elf
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Fireplace in Philadelphia (bar, not restaurant)
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Teahouses in Philadelphia?
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Alfresco Thai in Philly?? (or Vietnamese?) BYO?
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Glasbern Inn - Fogelsville, PA (near Allentown)
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Inexpensive Tasting Menu/Prix Fixe Option in Philadelphia
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ISO Pansies or violets for cooking
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Jan 1st food in Philly?
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Monday night by myself in philly
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Looking for mexican food in philly
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Senegalese/West African near Brooklyn Flea/BBG?
Apr 28, 2008 by croutonpiggy in Outer Boroughs


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Located in Pureora Forest Park in the Waikato region
A slump has occurred on the track to Waihaha Hut, next to the river. This could make access difficult and care is required to negotiate the area.
A pedestrian bridge on the Bog Inn Track has been vandalised and is unsafe to cross. The track is closed until repairs can be made to the bridge.
Bog Inn Hut may still be reached via the Timber Trail or the Hauhungaroa Track.
Dogs with a DOC permit only. Contact the relevant DOC office to obtain a permit.
Time and distance: 1 hr 30 min / 2.8 km to summit
This track provides alternative access to the summit of Mt Pureora. It leaves from the carpark on Tui Road and travels along the Timber Trail before veering off the Timber trail and moving up the northwest side of Mt Pureora. From the junction of the Timber Trail to the summit is 1.8 km or 45 min walk. Please note that Toitoi Road and the Toitoi Road carpark is now on private land and the bottom 1 km of the track is closed for general use. Please enter the track from Tui Road.
Time: 1 hr 30 min to junction with Mt Titiraupenga Track
This track to Mt Titiraupenga begins off Titiraupenga Rd and passes the YMCA camp. It climbs steadily to join the Mt Titiraupenga Track, 10 minutes below the summit rock. Please do not climb the summit rock. Arataki track is no longer maintained for vehicles.
Time and distance: 40 min / 1.7 km to Bog Inn Hut
To reach the track, turn off Link Rd onto Tihoi Rd just north of the Kakaho campsite, then further along Tihoi Rd take Bog Inn Rd to reach the car park. An easy 10 minutes climb from the car park leads to the mountain mire known as The Bog. This is a fragile area; please keep to the track.
Time: 8 hr return to Link Rd car park
Leaving Link Rd car park, this track crosses many small streams before climbing a southern ridge of Mt Titiraupenga and joins the Arataki Track just below the summit rock. The summit of Mt Titiraupenga is Maori land and a taonga (treasure) to local iwi. Please respect these values and the landowners' wishes by not climbing the summit rock.
Time and distance: 1 hr 30 min / 4 km to Waihora Junction
From SH 32 turn onto the Waihora Rd and travel approximately 3 km before turning left into the Waihora Lagoon carpark. From here the track follows an old road for 30 minutes to Pikopiko Stream and then a steady 1 hr climb will bring you to the junction with the Hauhungaroa Track.
Time and distance: 3 hr / 9.4 km to hut/campsite
The track follows the Waihaha River through shrubland before entering dense podocarp forest. The Waihaha Hut is in a clearing overlooking the river where the Waihaha Track meets the Hauhungaroa Track.
Time: 4 hr to Totara Stream Crossing
From the end of Ketemaringi Rd, climb steadily for 1 hour to Ketemaringi Trig. The track then turns south and descends easily down a ridge to emerge onto Totara Stream Rd. It is a further 1 hour walk to the car park at the Totara Stream Ccrossing.
Time: 2 hr to ridge
This hunters' access track starts from the northern end of Okahukura Rd in the north block of the park. The track crosses two streams before climbing steeply onto the main ridge leading to Mt Ranginui. The track ends at the top of the ridge.
Time: Approximately 3 days
This 45 km track traverses the Hauhungaroa Range from Link Rd to Mangakahu Valley Rd. Initially you follow the Mt Pureora Track to Mt Pureora before dropping down a southern ridge of the mountain to Bog Inn Hut (3 hr 30 min).
After skirting the Bog climb the ridge to Mt Weraroa (3 hr), turn east and drop steeply to the Waihora Track (1 hr 30 min). The track continues onto the Waihaha Hut (4 hr). Continue upstream from the Waihaha Hut on the true left of the Waihaha River. Just to the south of Te Awaiti Stream the track turns southwest and climbs the ridge onto the crest of the Hauhungaroa Range. Follow the crest south and the track continues to the Hauhungaroa Hut (7 hr from Waihaha Hut).
From the Hauhungaroa Hut continue following the crest south past Mt Motere before dropping down to the head of the Mangakahu Valley and the road end (2 hr 30 min).
Pureora Forest Park is 81 km southwest of Rotorua along Highway 30 via Benneydale.


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X-ray Inspection
Uncovering Subsurface Defects
X-ray inspection of materials and products, also called industrial radiography, is a very effective method of uncovering subsurface defects. Like all nondestructive testing, X-ray inspection does not harm the test piece.
Laboratory Testing Inc. offers two reliable methods of X-ray inspection to meet specification requirements and customer preferences:
- Computed Radiography or Digital Radiography
- Conventional Radiography or Film Radiography
The X-ray inspection process and imaging equipment are the same for both methods. Computed or digital radiography produces a digital image that can be saved to a disc, emailed to customers and easily archived, whereas results must be viewed on a film reader with the conventional method.
X-Ray Inspection to Meet Your Requirements
- Both types of industrial radiography are performed on solid materials.
- The digital and film images are evaluated by certified NDT Level 2 and Level 3 technicians according to the required test specifications.
- Industrial radiography is performed to MIL and ASTM specifications.
- Equipment to handle extremely large and small test pieces.
Most X ray inspection performed at Laboratory Testing takes place in our 20 ft. x 20 ft. radiography vault with imaging equipment that can penetrate solid materials of varying thicknesses, including steel to 4 1/2 inches. This arrangement, along with our high-capacity forklifts and 3-ton crane, allows for the examination of large products and materials. Our capabilities also include X-ray inspection of small products such as electronic assemblies using a special X-ray camera in a small cabinet unit.
Test Methods/Specifications
Industrial Radiography Applications
The need for industrial radiography can occur during product R&D, as part of the manufacturing, fabrication or installation processes or when a product is in service. Digital radiography and conventional radiography both provide information to determine the soundness of a material or product and are valuable inspection method for a variety of purposes:
- Detect internal discontinuities such as shrinkage, cracking and porosity
- Verify the integrity of internal components
- Determine the quality of welds
- Identify the extent of corrosion
- Uncover the source in fire investigations
The X-ray Inspection Process
The X-ray inspection process used to examine industrial products is very similar to the more familiar radiography used in the medical industry. Industrial radiography uses X-rays to penetrate test items made of solid materials (e.g. tubing, castings, weld plates, plastic injection molding, circuit boards, batteries) so hidden defects, inconsistencies or features can be revealed. An image of the inspected location is produced on film or as a digital image for evaluation by certified NDT inspectors and to create a permanent record of the internal condition of the test piece.
LTI Radiography Capabilities
- Processes – computed radiography (digital radiography) and conventional radiography (film radiography)
- Products Tested – solid materials
- Size Limitations – very small (e.g. electronics) to large (e.g. tubing, weld plates)
- Output – digital images, film
- Material Thickness – X-ray equipment can penetrate up to 4 1/2 inches of steel


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Steam Stationary Engines, Traction Engines, Steam Boats Antique steam engines, their boilers, pumps, gauges, whistles and other related things that make them run. |
Bottle Frame Steam Enginethis thread has 25 replies and has been viewed 2361 times
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Bottle Frame Steam Engine
I am in the process of restoring a , I believe, a Donegan & Swift bottle frame engine. I have more questions than space is available so I'll start with a couple of easy ones. First, the steam lubricator looks like a McCoy on the outside but does not have any of the McCoy internal parts. It is a brass cylinder with a 1/2 male npt on the bottom, a cap on top with a hex and spanner posts. It is center drilled for an 8/32 screw but the threaded hole is blind. On the side, at the bottom is a compression fitting for a 1/4" tube. Looking inside there is a small disc cast into the container over the hole above the 1/2 npt fitting. Wondering how the lubricator works. Second question, after I complete the work on the engine, it will most likely not be run. What is the best way to preserve the cylinder bore and piston?
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Re: Bottle Frame Steam Engine
1) Pictures of the lubricator would be helpful. 2) If the engine will not be run after you refurbish it as you say, I'd spray LPS-3 on the the inside. LPS-3 is used by military's, navy's, off the coast oil refineries, aviation companys around the world to preserve equipment. I've only used the aerosol version, but it sprays like an oil and then forms a waxy coating. You can get it from mcmaster or other suppliers. -CB |
The Following User Says Thank You to cyberbadger For This Post:
Re: Bottle Frame Steam Engine
I second the LPS3. I use it on my Myrick Eclipse oilfield engine. It doesn't have a drop of paint on it and has been cleaned to bare cast. It can be out in the rain at a show all day and no rust ever forms. Doesn't wash off like oil. I bought a gallon can and usually brush it on. The aerosols always seem to run out of propellant before I can use all of the product!
Mike |
The Following 2 Users Say Thank You to Mike G For This Post:
Re: Bottle Frame Steam Engine
I buy LPS3 in gallon containers. Love it. I find it too heavy for spray can, and too expensive and too wasteful. It works great, hands down better than transmission fluid or any other product like rustlick. better than heavy messy coat of grease, for anything but deep and forgotten storage.
I also use LPS2, a lighter shorter term product that seems more like 50/50 lubricate and protect. That works a lot better as a spray. Not cheap, but IMHO a better candidate for a spray product. And old school restoration 'trick' was hot wax over rusty surfaces to get a pleasing old patina look. LPS3 is close to wax in properties and a fast method of gettign that old look that took many hours with old wax method. These days everything is harmful. One a scale of 1-10, where water is a 10 (harmless) I would put LPS3 as an 8. I never wear gloves. Dont wash my hands in the stuff, but I would think it as safe as motor oil or tranny fluid. Unfortunately human skin is very porous, so any product will get in your system if you let it. So,... there may still be a place for natural beeswax based products. There is some wood working stuff I use occasionally ... forget the brand and it is not pure either. Actually as an experiment looked pretty good on some rusted iron. ---------- Post added at 09:31 AM ---------- Previous post was at 09:24 AM ---------- Can you post a picture of the lubricator. I have a McCoy and never seen another one. IMHO, that would be worthy of a new thread if you dont mind. or pictures, please. Oh, I am sorry I missed you first question. I use LPS3 externally. For internal use Steam Cylinder Oil (600w) is absolutely they one and only best & proper treatement for inside the cylinder and valve. It last for ever, with an "!". And it is actually the right stuff. That is sold in 5 gallon cans and that has been a lifetime supply for me. You cannot een make a pretense of being a steam person with out cylinder oil. |
Bottle Frame engine, Lubricator
To all who replied to my first post, thank you!!
I've taken a couple of pics of the lubricator that I mentioned in my previous post. I took another look at the threaded hole in the cap today. There may be a broken needle in the center of the threaded hole. I tried to punch it out this evening, without success. The overall height of the oiler is ca. six inches and ca. two inches in dia. As I previously stated, there is a small disc cast into the bottom of the cylinder located above the hole that leads to the 1/2 male npt. Again, trying to understand how this lubricator functions. I was only able to upload one pic?????? |
The Following User Says Thank You to Dondon For This Post:
Re: Bottle Frame engine, Lubricator
I could be wrong, but I do not think this lubricator was meant for a steam engine.
The tell tail sign is that the bottom of the lubricator goes to the engine. That's not generally how steam hydrostatic lubricators work. They work on the simple premise that oil floats on water. And secondarily, steam will condense back to water. So typically the bottom of a steam hydrostatic lubricator is a drain to let you get rid of steam that has condensed into water. The outlet to an engine or steam line is at the top of the lubricator. Steam goes in, condenses into water and pushes steam cylinder oil back into the engine or steam line. -CB |
Re: Bottle Frame engine, Lubricator
The Following User Says Thank You to Joseph Graziana For This Post:
Re: Bottle Frame engine, Lubricator
I won't be at your school, but thanks for the offer. You can school me now though. I know it's a lubricator of some type of engine, I just don't think for steam. I maybe completely wrong. -CB |
Re: Bottle Frame engine, Lubricator
Your WRONG they made all kinds but you need to come to steam school BAD.
Re: Bottle Frame engine, Lubricator
Just tell me how this lubricator works! You told me that a steam injector couldn't put water back into a boiler into the steam space. I did it myself on my small setup, and others pointed out that it was done on steam locomotives. I'm not going a steam school that is headed by you that doesn't understand how things work. -CB |
Re: Bottle Frame engine, Lubricator
Joe G and I have had our er, differences before, but in this we agree.
This is a gut level "gravity" steam lubricator. Simply a closed vessel into which steam oil is placed with a valve at the bottom. You place oil in the top. Then close the top. Then opening the valve at the bottom equalizes pressure between the steam chest (where these usually placed) and the vessel itself. Once pressure is equalized, the oil runs by gravity down into the steam chest. Joe G says to "crack" the lower valve and this true - otherwise a "slug fest" of oil coming down into the steam chest. Many manufacturers made these. Mine is a Lunkenheimer which a little more decorative and available in many sizes. Mostly these were used on "occasional" steam users like steam pumps. It's the steam oil equivalent of "giving it a shot with the oilcan" for a regular bearing. Here is a pix of the Lunkenheimer version (upside down) Hope this helps, Joe K |
The Following 2 Users Say Thank You to Joe K For This Post:
Re: Bottle Frame Steam Engine
Well I'm going to have to look again at two lubricators I have that I thought were only for hit or miss.
Thanks Joe and Gary. -CB |
Re: Bottle Frame Steam Engine
As a kid it only took me once to learn to remember to close the bottom valve before you open the top....... I didn't close the valve and the pressure blew oil everywhere and I was cleaning everything within about 12'......
Jeff |
Re: Bottle Frame Steam Engine
How many pounds pressure are these good for?
Re: Bottle Frame Steam Engine
Dan They were made and used on engines from new so I think they were good for a new engine pressure. I have never heard of any blowing up and most of them were on the steam chest.
Re: Bottle Frame Steam Engine
The schematic you posted cause me to take a second look at my lubricator and sure enough the nut on the side bottom is a packing nut for a needle valve of some sort. Of course this leaves my device without a condensate drain. I still don't understand why there is a seemingly blind threaded hole in the cap. I'll need to determine the thread pitch and size of the valve stem and then play around with the shape of the valve plug. I was thinking about threading a wooden dowel into the thread and the measuring the resultant thread ...Any other thoughts???
Re: Bottle Frame Steam Engine
I was looking at Dondon's oil and did not know what it was. With limited photo, no comment on the interior and my own limited experience not able to recognize enough. I was not aware of the design posted by GaryK. It now seems possible that Dondon has either a plain old gravity oiler or a displacement type of the design posted by GaryK? My bet displacement.
I like to post a few images and briefly discuss each. Don can look inside his or post more images inside and out, macro lens setting - or sketch. I. First is a McNabb&Harlan and it works along the lines of GaryK's post. When I look inside I can see the tube. Steam entry is simple, unlike the tricky design GaryK posted. But; from certain angle and bad photo is might be taken for a gravity feed oiler. I understand a displacement oiler uses gravity too, but you see in my next few pictures where here steam condensation is required for displacement it is of no consequence in a gravity feed type. Its a wall hangar for me. II. and III. Next two are examples of simple, gravity feed steam capable lubricators. Operator just opens the valve and oil runs down. they are under pressure. Oil is heavier than steam so it just runs down, with little control and typically no site glass. The application these days is for an initial shot of oil during start up. Very simple and for a novice might not even be recognized as a steam oiler. In fact, they dont need steam and can be used on many applications. As for max pressure, that would be in the mfg data sheet or catalog. IV. A Lunkenheimer Banner. The best darn steam engine lubricator in the whole world. IMHO. 100% dependable, does not relay on any physics except gravity. Oil is heavier than steam so it drops down. In drops, not a glob-glob dribble like II and III. The drops can be seen and drop rate adjusted. easy to isolate and refill. 100% dependable. No sweating the leaks or finicky details. if there is any condensation, no care. it just drops out with the oil. All you need is planet earth under the engine. And I suppose some heat so the 600W will flow. The lubricators shown in pic I and IV are best located on the steam line prior to the engine throttle or shutoff valve. The type in Pic II and III are normally placed on the valve chest. Picture I is a displacement type and II,III and IV only require a sizable planet underneath. |
Re: Bottle Frame Steam Engine
Um. Peter. Check the application of that "Banner" lubricator.
Information online at http://books.google.com/books?id=BOQ...atalog&f=false indicates that "Banner" is aimed at air compressor service. "Major" is the lubricator you want for steam service - and maybe you have? Best regards, Joe K ---------- Post added at 06:05 PM ---------- Previous post was at 06:00 PM ---------- Heh. Read the descriptions of the Banner and Major lubricators. Major appears to be a displacement type lubricator. ("Adjust flow to keep up with condensation") Banner appears to be a "gravity feed on steroids" (adjust flow rate with valve) Both use the Fig. 488 bulls eye so pressure rating is likely the same. So maybe either can be used on steam service? Joe K |
Re: Bottle Frame Steam Engine
I don't think my lubricator is a displacement type. The only thing inside is a disc like structure cast into the body. U believe the valve seat is milled into the disc, which may actually be a solid cylinder as I can only view it from the top.
Sounds like you are a Lunkenheimer fan. My first airplane, a 1940 Aeronca had a Lunkenheimer primer. I wonder if they are still in busimess? Back in the day, the McCoy was considered the Cadillac of lubricators, at least that is what I've surmised from my internet searches. The story of Mr. McCoy is also quite interesting. Search McCoy and you will find numerous references to the "Real McCoy" Thanks again to all for your posts and insights. |
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