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A new study has found that men with sperm problems have a higher risk of death compared to men with healthy sperm.
According to a study by a researcher from the Stanford University School of Medicine, men who were found to have two or more "abnormalities" in their semen twice as likely to die in a period of eight years than men who had normal semen.
Michael Eisenberg, assistant professor of urology and director of male reproductive medicine and surgery at Stanford University, has studied records of men between 20 to 50 years of age who consulted the centre for infertility problems. Professor Eisenberg and his colleagues had found men with more than two semen defects doubled their risk of death.
The study also found that the greater the number of sperm problems, the higher the risk of death. The recent study was published in the online journal, Human Reproduction.
Boosting male fertility
A previous study has revealed orange and yellow-colored fruits and vegetables may boost male fertility. But eating carrots is found to help develop healthy sperms.
According to a Harvard University study, carrots have betacarotene which helps create antioxidants and Vitamin A. Antioxidants fight free radicals from damaging DNA and cell membranes.
Aside from carrots, researchers also found other yellow-colored fruits and vegetables like melon and sweet potato to improve the quality of the sperm up to 10 percent. The study came after concerns that male fertility is declining in Western countries due to poor quality of the sperms. Other studies discovered a great reduction in average sperm count.
Based on research estimates, about 30 percent of couples resorting to IVF are known as subfertile while 2 percent of IVF couples have been evaluated as totally infertile.
Researchers tested 200 young men to determine what fruit or vegetable provides the most benefits to the sperm. Orange and yellow foods boost sperm health while red fruits, including tomatoes, help reduce the chances of the male-producing abnormal swimmers.


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VIEWS: 4 PAGES: 8 CATEGORY: Childrens Literature POSTED ON: 12/8/2009
Introduction to the Mail Run The Gold Rush Trail Sled Dog Association invites you to join them for the 17th running of the annual Gold Rush Trail Dog Sled Mail Run. The Mail Run was initiated in 1993 as a demonstration sport in the Northern British Columbia Winter Games. From this modest beginning, the Mail Run evolved to a highly competitive 235 mile long qualifier for the Iditarod Sled Dog Race, to a stage race event featuring six dog, eight dog and unlimited classes, to the multi-faceted non-competitive participation event that it is today. Dog teams as small as three dogs and as large as 14 dogs are comfortable travelling over the Mail Run route. However it is important that dogs will not be asked to do something that they have not accomplished in training, dog care is a paramount consideration. The route is also suitable for skijorers, skiers, snowshoers. All participants are welcome, including families that travel together on snowmobile. Over the years the participants have always used many of the same trails and the dog teams have always carried the mail. The current trail is laid out so that participants return to the main highway at the end of each stage where handlers and dog trucks will be available to offer assistance. The trail for 2009 is the same as it has been for the past three years. Essentially it runs 60 miles (100 kilometres) from Quesnel to Barkerville to Wells B.C., in places over the actual historic Cariboo Waggon Road. The trail will be as well maintained and groomed as mother nature and local logging will allow. For the purposes of the Mail Run, the total route has been broken into smaller sections or stages. A map of the trail will be given to all participants upon registration and is available for download. The goals of event organizers are: • • • • • • to celebrate sled dogs as wonderful working animals and to honour sled dog history and traditions. to encourage family fun and participation to enjoy all that the Cariboo area of British Columbia, with all of its unique history, has to offer in the winter to encourage participation of children and youth….there will be special recognition for all participants aged 16 and younger Events…a Quick Overview The Mail Run has been designed to accommodate all participants and all abilities. Over time it became apparent to organizers that it would be a great event not only for dog teams and dog mushers, but also for skijorers, skiers and snowshoers, all of them supported by snowmobilers. Run over wilderness trails, the event is challenging but organizers have built in many safety factors. The event is based on a stage format and participants choose only those parts of the trail they wish to travel and over what period of time, either one, two or three days. In 2009, a distinction is being made between pre-Mail Run Events, Note: Click on the Events Calendar for a complete detailing of all events Remember, the Mail Run is not a race, it is a participation event. All participants enjoy everything that traditional dog mushing and winter travel and camping have to offer. Pre-Mail Run Events Participants are encouraged to travel to the Quesnel/Wells/Barkerville area early in the week of January 19th, 2009 to enjoy many opportunities on a host of groomed trails in the area. For those with sled dogs, all attempts will be made to connect you with local sled dog owners so that your questions and needs will be addressed, just let organizers know about your wishes and your needs. Information on accommodation and trail conditions will be available. It is possible to run on trails of all lengths, including extended miles in the Wells area. It is also planned to establish an overnight camp beginning Tuesday January 20th at Ahbau Lake for any dog mushers (and snowmobilers) who would like to arrive early and camp out with their teams. Ahbau Lake campground will be accessible by road so it would be possible to park dog trucks at the campground. It would then be possible to take day trips from the campsite. Anyone planning to overnight in the campground would have to be fully self-contained for winter camping, contact organizers for details. For skiers, there are a variety of trail options available. Come and experience the Hallis Lake cross country trail network in Quesnel, a well-developed and maintained trail system for all abilities, including some lighted trails. A second system of groomed trails exists in the Wells area, maintained by the Wells Ski Club. There are also well established back country routes in the Wells area complete with overnight cabins as well as the opportunity to ski on groomed snowmobile trails along the Mail Run route. And the downhill skiing is second-to-none at Troll Ski Resort. Simply make your wishes known and you will be accommodated. All participants are encouraged to "rendezvous" in Quesnel on Thursday January 22nd at the A&W on Two Mile Flat beginning at 5:00 p.m. for the traditional "Mushers' Meeting". Participants are asked to make every effort to be present for this important meeting and should feel free to show up to confirm their registration and to pick up their participation packages. This is a "no-host" supper. The information sharing part of the meeting with detailed instructions for all participants will begin at 7:30 p.m. The Official Mail Run Ceremonial Swearing In and Send-Off will take place on Friday January 23rd beginning at 9:00 a.m. This event will take place in front of the downtown Quesnel Post Office. Everyone is encouraged to attend. Stage One - Umiti Pit to Cottonwood The first section (stage) is 24 miles (40 kilometres) long and runs from Umiti Pit (north of Quesnel) to Cottonwood which is located on Highway 26, the main highway from Quesnel to Barkerville. This section of the trail will begin beyond the active logging on the 1700 (Umiti Pit) Road. The route follows the well-established Umiti-Ahbau Lake trail until the 13 mile (21 kilometre) point where it branches off to join the 600 Road at the 14 kilometre mark . The route then follows the 600 Road to the intersection with the 3500 Road where it takes a left turn to the 3501 mark and then connects with the new trail that has been opened up leading right to the Cottonwood Campground. This checkpoint is the site of an overnight campout for those who would like to camp overnight. (The campground has a large heated tent, outhouses, firewood will be available as well as water, access roads and parking will be ploughed. All campers must be self-sufficient and prepared for winter camping). Note: At Cottonwood, participants will be guests on private property and are asked to treat all property and people with respect. For those who do not wish to camp out, overnight, arrangements may be made to "bunk out" on the floor of the heated Cottonwood Community Hall or they may travel back to Quesnel. The event is organized so that participants may leave Umiti Pit on Friday January 23rd any time between 10:30 and 12:30 p.m., giving lots of time to travel out to Umiti Pit following the 9:00 a.m. official sendoff in downtown Quesnel. Participants are asked not to leave before 10:30 a.m. so that trail safety workers and groomers may be out on the trail ahead of them. There will be lots of time to cover the route to the Cottonwood Checkpoint. It is important that all participants inform organizers when they plan to leave from Umiti Pit, volunteers will be in attendance at Umiti Pit to help and to see participants off. All participants must arrive at the Cottonwood checkpoint by 5:00 p.m. and in January, it is dark by about 5:00 p.m. As indicated, Cottonwood is accessible by road, just 18 miles (28 kilometres) from Quesnel, so participants can arrange to have their dog truck or support team meet them at Cottonwood. Cottonwood Events The Cottonwood barbeque for all participants, handlers and volunteers is slated to begin at 6:00 p.m. Hamburgers and salad as well as something to drink will be provided, Those attending are invited to bring something more to share a la potluck. Things will begin to wind down around 8:00 p.m. The evening's events will take place in the large heated tent that will be erected at the checkpoint. Stage Two - Cottonwood to Troll Resort The second section (stage) of trail is run on Day 2 (Saturday January 24th) from Cottonwood to Troll Ski Resort (site of former Pine Grove House), a trail distance of 15 miles (25 kilometres). Dog teams and skiers who did not participate on Day 1 may choose to start at Cottonwood on Day 2. A pancake breakfast will be available for purchase at the Cottonwood checkpoint and participants should begin to leave Cottonwood by 10:00 a.m. to arrive at Troll by 1:00 p.m. although this timing is not too crucial. Initially participants will backtrack on Friday's route, turning right on the 3500 Road at the 3501 mark, continuing down the 3500 Road to the 3505 mark and taking a right turn to continue on to Troll Resort. There is significant elevation gain as teams travel past Hyde Lake, followed by an exhilarating five kilometre descent down Pinegrove Mountain ending right in the heart of Troll Ski Resort. Please note that for safety and liability reasons, all snowmobiles must park in a designated snowmobile parking area, they must not travel near the ski runs or near the lodge. Troll Resort is located on Highway #26, 27 miles (44 kilometres) from Quesnel and 11 miles (18 kilometres) from Cottonwood. There will be an overnight campout at Troll, with a specially designated outside camping area for mushers, handlers, volunteers and family members. Again, campers should be self-sufficient although at Troll there are public washrooms with hot and cold running water, and it will also be possible for participants to bunk on the floor in a heated section of the lodge if they provide all of their own camping gear. Note: Troll Resort is private property and all participants are guests who are asked to treat the property and other participants with total respect. Because of the proximity of Troll, dog trucks have easy access and again, if participants wish, they may choose to travel back to Quesnel or to Wells for the night. Once teams arrive at Troll, lunch can be purchased at the snack bar. In the afternoon there will be a series of contests (Mushers' Sports) for participants, mushers and their dogs. The intent is to offer the public some insight into the world of sled dogs and the public will be invited to come to Troll to watch the teams. Mushers' Sports Competitions The setting at Troll Resort lends itself perfectly as a venue to showcase sled dogs for the general public. In keeping with our desire to maintain a focus on the history and traditions associated with sled dogs and dog mushing, a number of Mushers' Sports will be staged for everyone to enjoy. This is truly a fun event and an opportunity to showcase sled dogs for the many spectators. There will be prizes!!! At 2:00 p.m., mushers are asked to consider putting their dog team on display for the general public to view and appreciate. ALL DOGS AND EQUIPMENT ARE WELCOME and you are particularly encouraged to use equipment and clothing that you have made yourself. At 2:30 p.m a weight pull demonstration is planned. This will be simply a demonstration event, to show the working abilities of sled dogs. Enter your dog(s) as you feel comfortable, every dog will be a winner, you can bait or lead your dog with a leash. There will be no attempt to come up with a winner. At 3:30 p.m. there will be a demonstration of skijoring. Any skijorers are asked to take the time to demonstrate their equipment, hooking up their dogs and to take a short run around a measured loop. The intent is to introduce this sport to the public. Finally, at 4:00 p.m. the popular and hilarious Trapper's Triathlon will be staged. This event requires a team of five people who will chop and split firewood, light a fire, melt snow to make water, prepare tea, bake bannock, snowshoe the distance of a measured trail. There will be demerit points for any indication of cheating….get your team together. Following the Mushers' Sports events, the afternoon celebrations will begin winding down as everyone looks forward to the evening events. Saturday evening will see the Saturday Night Dinner and Auction which will take place at Troll Resort. Tickets must be pre-purchased (at a cost of $15.00 each and must be pre-purchased right up until Thursday evening. Socializing at 5:15 p.m., the banquet meal beginning at 6:00 p.m. with the auction and entertainment beginning at 7:00 p.m. This should be a great evening of fun. Please preorder your meal tickets when you register (see Participation Form), however they will be available until Thursday evening at the Mushers' Meeting. All participants (including mushers, skijorers, skiers, snowshoers, and snowmobilers), volunteers, handlers, family members, and members of the public are invited to attend. Note: All funds raised in the auction will be donated to the Holger Bauer Forest Safety Fund. Stage Three - Stanley to Barkerville The third section (stage) will begin on Sunday morning with a pancake breakfast which will be available for purchase beginning at 7:00 a.m. Participants will then travel by vehicle along highway 26, past Beaver Pass House for a distance of 10 miles (16 kilometres) to the ghost town of Stanley. Dog teams and other participants may begin leaving Stanley at 9:30 a.m. after the first safely snowmobiles have left. Everyone will travel along the original Cariboo Waggon Road, along Lightning Creek, past the site of the former town of Van Winkle, up onto a plateau, past the headwaters of Jack of Cubs Creek, before descending through Richfield to Barkerville. This is a well marked trail running a distance of 15 miles (25 kilometres). This stage is open to every participant, even those who did not take part in earlier stages. Stage Four - Barkerville to Wells The fourth section (stage) is called The Barkerville Dash. This event will commence at 1:30 p.m., even if all of the participants have not completed the Stanley to Barkerville trail. Covering a distance of 5 miles (9 kilometres), this is a fun race for teams of three to six dogs, passengers are allowed. This event, which is essentially a mass start sprint race, is open to all participants, dog teams, skiers, skijorers, and snowshoers are encouraged to participate. Participants need only take part in the Dash if they wish and for those dog mushers who choose not to participate but who have completed the previous stages, they must ensure that another mail carrier delivers their mail bag to Wells. The trail is a straight, flat run along the meadow between Barkerville and Wells. Every participant contributes a prize and the Dash will end in Wells where dog trucks will be waiting, prizes will be chosen/awarded, the mail will be turned over to Canada Post and the 17th Annual Gold Rush Trail Sled Dog Mail Run will windup. At this point participants are free to leave for home or they might like to spend some time in Wells enjoying the many trails. Along the Trail You will not be alone. While there will be no "officials" (as in timers, marshals and judges) as during a race, there will be safety spotters travelling by snowmobile. All support persons and event officials will be clearly identified. The trail is beautiful but tough! (click here to view the Trail Map) If you have any questions about your ability or the ability of your dogs to complete this run, please contact organizers to discuss this matter. The starting elevation is approximately 970 metres, the elevation of Wells is 1200 metres. Most of the route runs through forest, some of it is on logging roads...some of the roads may be ploughed, only a few days before the Mail Run will we know the final status of the whole route....but your safety and that of the dogs is a priority. There will be spotters and good signage along the route. Remember that you must plan your equipment carefully, bring snacks for the dogs, dishes to water them, booties if your dogs use them, and make sure that you dress appropriately for the weather. It has not been uncommon for the temperatures to be -20C. Experience has shown that basic safety equipment is valuable and even if you don't use it, your sled or backpack will look cool when you come into Wells! See the Recommended/Mandatory Gear section. Remember that really cold weather complicates everything. Be certain that your dogs have the coats to withstand the cold especially if they will be camping overnight without a dog box. In the event of an emergency, a veterinary technician will be available along the trail to respond to any canine emergencies. If required, injured dogs will be transported to a veterinary clinic in Quesnel for further treatment. Recommended/Mandatory Gear At all times, all participants should have on their person, matches, a knife, a disposable survival blanket. This is especially important in the event that a musher should become separated from his/her team. At all times, participants should have on their sled or in their pack, an axe, change of clothing, suitable warm-weather parka and footwear, emergency personal food and water, food and feeding equipment for dogs, a headlight, first aid kit for self and dogs, snowshoes. In addition, if camping out, be sure to bring stakeout chain or picket line for dogs, (if not using truck and dog box), tent or tarp, groundsheet and thermarest-style sleeping pad, good winter sleeping bag, food and cooking equipment for at least two meals. Registration Members of the Gold Rush Trail Sled Dog Association are simply inviting others to come along with them on their annual Mail Run. We will endeavour to ensure that the same high quality trail with all of the usual supports are in place. We want this event to be as affordable as possible. There will be a nominal registration or participation fee of $15.00. All participants must pre-register by January 23, 2009 and must complete and submit a Participation Form to inform the organizers that you will be attending and exactly what your plans are so that we can anticipate everyone's needs, please send in your Participation Form as early as possible. In addition every participant will be asked to complete a Waiver Form to be submitted along with the Registration Form. We are asking that everyone (participants, handlers, family members and others) pay for their own banquet meal at the Saturday night celebration (cost $20.00 per adult, $10.00 for children 12 and under and for seniors age 65 and over). It is strongly recommended that these tickets be purchased at time of registration. When participants arrive in Quesnel they should check in with the registration desk that will be located at the musher's meeting in order to pick up their participation package and awards. Accommodations The Gold Rush Trail Sled Dog Mail Run actually starts just north of Quesnel but it finishes in Wells, approximately 60 miles (by road) away. Participants who are not campers could spend the nights in either Quesnel or Wells. Local accommodation information is listed on the "links" section of this website or you may contact event organizers. It is possible for participants to share some of the apartment-style motel units in Wells. It will be necessary for dog mushers to arrange to have their dog trucks at Cottonwood for Friday evening, Troll for Saturday evening and in Barkerville/Wells for Sunday afternoon. This will require some prior planning. Participation Awards All registered participants will receive participation awards consisting of: • A cancelled 2009Mail Run envelope • A participation certificate (mail carriers will also receive an official mail carrier's certificate) Special Awards Judges will be observing the dogs and human participants throughout the Mail Run. The judges have been asked to make decisions regarding the winners for the following awards: • • • • • • • • • • Oldest Participant Youngest Participant All Youth Participants Most Inspirational Participant Best Looking Dog Team Volunteer Award Special Sponsor Award Hard Luck Award Red Lantern Award Best Musher's Hat Award

subset: commoncrawl


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If parity amongst the different brands is what the World Superbike promoters were hoping for, they certainly got it today in the first round of qualifying for Sunday's two races at Imola in Italy. And somebody even figured out how to top Carlos Checa. At least for the day.With the top six qualifiers on six different brands of motorcycles (and all seven manufacturers in the top nine), it was the Honda of Jonathan Rea ending up on top after a heated qualifying session that saw a fight at the top between Rea, Checa and BMW's Leon Haslam all session long. When all was said and done, however, it was Rea and the CBR1000RR leading the way with his quick lap knocking Checa from the top rung with just two minutes to go in the session. Rea's best was a 1:48.241 - just .159 better than Checa's best.
Haslam ended up third fastest on the factory BMW, the Brit having taken the top spot from Checa with half an hour to go. His turn at the top didn't last long as Checa and the Althea Racing Ducati quickly grabbed it back. Rea, meanwhile, had dropped to sixth by this point, but with six minutes to go he shot to the top. With just over five minutes left, Checa countered and it looked like another provisional pole for the Spaniard. But Rea had other ideas and he took the spot with just two minutes to go and no one had an answer for him.The Alstare Suzuki of Michel Fabrizio ended up fourth to round out the provisional front row, the Italian besting countryman and factory Yamaha man Marco Melandri. Then came the Kawasaki of Tom Sykes before the first repeat brand with Sylvain Guintoli putting a second Ducati in the top seven with his last-lap flier. He was followed by another Ducati, ridden by Maxime Berger, then came the first Aprilia in the hands of veteran Noriyuki Haga.Jakub Smrz rounded out the top 10 on his Ducati 1098R. Surprisingly, Yamaha's Eugene Laverty ended up well back in 18th place on the first day of qualifying.The top 12 riders were all within a second of Rea's best with the top six separated by just over half a second.Friday Qualifying
1. Jonathan Rea (Honda) 1:48.241
2. Carlos Checa (Ducati) 1:48.400
3. Leon Haslam (BMW) 1:48.701
4. Michel Fabrizio (Suzuki) 1:48.726
5. Marco Melandri (Yamaha) 1:48.844
6. Tom Sykes (Kawaski) 1:48.884
7. Sylvain Guintoli (Ducati) 1:49.003
8. Maxime Berger (Ducati) 1:49.023
9. Noriyuki Haga (Aprilia) 1:49.041
10. Jakub Smrz (Ducati) 1:49.072


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Constructing Corporate America: History, Politics, Culture
Why and how has the business corporation come to exert such a powerful influence on American society? The essays here take up this question, offering a fresh perspective on the ways in which the business corporation has assumed an enduring place in the modern capitalist economy, and how it hasaffected American society, culture and politics over the past two centuries. The authors challenge standard assumptions about the business corporation's emergence and performance in the United States over the past two centuries. Reviewing in depth the different theoretical and historiographical traditions that have treated the corporation, the volume seeks a new departurethat can more fully explain this crucial institution of capitalism. Rejecting assertions that the corporation is dead, the essays show that in fact it has survived and even thrived down to the present in part because of the ways in which it has related to its social, political and culturalenvironmental. In doing so, the book breaks with older explanations ground in technology and economics, and treats the corporation for the first time as a fully social institution. Drawing on a variety of social theories and approaches, the essays help to point the way toward future studies of thispowerful and enduring institution, offering a new periodization and a new set of question for scholars to explore. The range of essays engages the legal and political position of the corporation, the ways in which the corporation has been shaped by and shaped American culture, the controversies overcorporate regulation and corporate power, and the efforts of minority and disadvantaged groups to gain access to the resources and opportunities that corporations control.
Additional information
Includes content by:
Place of publication:
- Kenneth Lipartito
- David B. Sicilia
- Naomi R. Lamoreaux
- Colleen A. Dunlavy
- Gerald Berk
- New York
- 2004


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7 Tips to Prepare for Your Appointment
The key to a successful appointment is communication. To get the most out of your visit, prepare ahead of time so you can lead the conversation with your doctor. These 7 tips will get you ready


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, China Bed & Breakfasts - Tour de China is a professional adventure tour company based in Shanghai of China.
Find a Yunnan, China bed and breakfast for your romantic weekend getaway. Intimate b & bs are cozy, romantic accommodations that are perfect for a mini-vacation, honeymoon, or wedding anniversary celebration. You will love the unique charm of our Yunnan, China inns. Many guesthouses include complimentary breakfasts and unbeatable hospitality. Browse our bed & breakfasts and plan your Yunnan, China romantic getaway today!


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Handball club of Aix-en-Provence President Christian Salonnez poses... News PhotoAdult,Aix-en-Provence,Bouches-du-Rhone,Brother,Contract,Exchanging,France,Horizontal,Males,Men,Men's Handball,New,Nikola Karabatic,Playing,Portrait,President,Provence-Alpes-Cote d'Azur,Shirt,Signing,Sport,Sports Jersey,Sports Uniform,Team HandballPhotographer BORIS HORVATCollection: AFP 2013 AFPHandball club of Aix-en-Provence (PAUC) President Christian Salonnez (C) poses between France's handball player Nikola Karabatic (L) and his brother Luka as they show their new jersey after they signed a contract with the handball club of Aix-en-Provence (PAUC) on February 2, 2013 in Aix-en-Provence, southern France. AFP PHOTO / BORIS HORVAT (Photo credit should read BORIS HORVAT/AFP/Getty Images)


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These days the most cash-rich companies often sell mobile phones rather than mortgages. Cramer tells you who's who in the changing market landscape.
One month into the year, the average dividend yield of the Dow 30 has gone up a bit since 2009 began, but is still down from where it was at the end of November. See how the 30 companies in the Dow compare.
Stocks started off February mixed as banks took a hit from worries about the so-called "bad bank" plan, while techs got a boost from anticipation that they will benefit from government spending on tech and telecom infrastructure.
The Dow Jones Industrial Average won't find a secure base until it sheds another 1,000 points, which it could do before March, but that will signal the capitulation is over, Alpesh Patel, principal from Praefinium Group, told CNBC.
Challenger, Gray & Christmas reported today the pace of tech industry job cuts jumped 167 percent in the second half of 2008, with computer, electronics and telecom firms slashing 186,995 jobs in 2008. It's the highest total since the 228,325 job cuts in 2003. And January is shaping up to be equally brutal.
Jack Welch, former charman and chief executive of General Electric, gave CNBC his outlook on the economy, U.S. innovation and current GE leadership.


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Traditional with a pop of color, this holiday card features the photo of your choice on the front of the card, surrounded by a damask style design. Open the card to reveal your personalized text.The size of the photo printed on the sample card is 4 x 6 inches.PLEASE NOTE: If you choose to include an optional printed return address, your envelope text will be printed in either black or brown ink only.
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Colorado Springs Style Magazine
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Varsity Blues 2: Varsity Bluecollars
"Thats right folks its time for a gritty reboot of every ones favorite classic movie"
More"Thats right folks its time for a gritty reboot of every ones favorite classic movie"
MoreA little former virgin to virgin talk.
MoreAnd that fan is me folks.
MoreSomebody sent Jersey City Mayor Steven Fulop an envelope yesterday that contained a letter -- which discussed "spiritual stuff" -- a photo of Tim Tebow, and, of course, some white powder.
MoreWhen we last left the "Tebow-Jags, Why Not?" movement, there were literally teens of them picketing outside EverBank Stadium, calling for Shad Khan to sign Tim Tebow off the streets cul de sac in an effort to save the Jaguars franchise from tanking and moving to LA.
MoreLiterally dozens of Jaguars fans are going to rally today outside EverBank field this afternoon to demand to know why the team sign won't sign Tim Tebow.
MoreThe New England Patriots released quarterback Tim Tebow today causing an immediate run on schadenfreude as NFL.


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By comparison with all the other animals, humans have an odd sex life. Why? Sex is fun for us because human females have concealed ovulations and are constantly receptive. What evolutionary forces operated on our ancestors to make us sexually so different from other mammals? Why does the human male stand out as one of the few mammals to stay (often or usually) with the female he impregnates to help raise the children that he hopes he has sired? Why is the human penis relatively so large? Why does the human female, virtually alone among mammals, go through menopause? Why are humans one of the few species to have sex in private? Why do we have sex at any time in the fertility cycle, even when the female can't be fertilized?
With wit and a wealth of fascinating examples Diamond explains how sexuality has been as crucial as large brains and upright posture in our evolutionary history.
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Alexander Buller Turner Military Person
Alexander Buller Turner VC (22 May 1893 – 1 October 1915) was an English recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces. Turner was born at home in Reading, Berkshire on 22 May 1893 to Charles Turner, Royal Berkshire Regiment, and Jane Elizabeth (née Buller). He was educated at Wellington College, Berkshire and commissioned into the Special Reserve of Officers, Royal Berkshire Regiment, 3rd (Reserve) Battalion, in 11 September 1914. He was subsequently transferred to 1st Battalion. He was 22 years old, and a second lieutenant in the 3rd Battalion, The Royal Berkshire Regiment (Princess Charlotte of Wales's), British Army, attached to 1st Battalion during the First World War when the following deed took place for which he was awarded the VC: On 28 September 1915 at Fosse 8, near Vermelles, France, when the regimental bombers could make no headway, Second Lieutenant Turner volunteered to lead a new bombing attack.
Personal details
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1. Wellington College, Berkshire Independent school
Wellington College is a British co-educational public school located in the village of Crowthorne in Berkshire. It was built as a national monument to the Duke of Wellington, after whom the school was named. Wellington is a registered charity (#309093) and currently has just under 1000 pupils aged between 13 and 18.
Type | Independent school |
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Founded |
Headquarters |
Official web page | www.wellingtoncollege.org.uk |
Wikipedia article | |
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Institution social analysis
People attended Wellington College, Berkshire connected by profession and/or age
Military service
Military conflicts participated
World War I
World War I, also known as the First World War or the Great War, was a global war centred in Europe that began on 28 July 1914 and lasted until 11 November 1918. More than 9 million combatants and 7 million civilians died as a result of the war, a casualty rate exacerbated by the belligerents' technological and industrial sophistication, and tactical stalemate. It was one of the deadliest conflicts in history, paving the way for major political changes, including revolutions in many of the nations involved. The war drew in all the world's economic great powers, which were assembled in two opposing alliances: the Allies and the Central Powers of Germany and Austria-Hungary. Although Italy had also been a member of the Triple Alliance alongside Germany and Austria-Hungary, it did not join the Central Powers, as Austria-Hungary had taken the offensive against the terms of the alliance. These alliances were reorganised and expanded as more nations entered the war: Italy, Japan and the United States joined the Allies, and the Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria the Central Powers.
Awards won
1915 Victoria Cross
Check Alexander Buller Turner on wikipedia.


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The richest woman in Spain, Rosalia Mera, and a major stakeholder in, Inditex SA, the company that owns the Zara chain died at the age of 69 this week.
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Analyse CDC violations in million-gate SoC (Part 1)
Keywords:SoC Clock Domain Crossings CDC SoC verification
[Summary of tips] With the growing complexity of SoC, multiple and independent clocks and resets are vital in the design. Here, Clock Domain Crossings (CDCs) are a potential source of design errors. Hence, performing thorough CDC checks is an integral part of any SoC verification cycle. However, running structural CDC on a million-gate SoC throw......Please login or register with us to view this article>>
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Stachybotrys chartarum is a filamentous mold frequently identified among the mycobiota of water-damaged building materials. Growth of S. chartarum on suitable substrates and under favorable environmental conditions leads to the production of secondary metabolites such as mycotoxins and microbial volatile organic compounds (MVOCs). The aim of this study was to characterize MVOC emission profiles of seven toxigenic strains of S. chartarum, isolated from water-damaged buildings, in order to identify unique MVOCs generated during growth on gypsum wallboard and ceiling tile coupons. Inoculated coupons were incubated and monitored for emissions and growth using a closed glass environmental growth chamber maintained at a constant room temperature. Gas samples were collected from the headspace for three to four weeks using Tenax TA tubes.
Most of the MVOCs identified were alcohols, ketones, ethers and esters. The data showed that anisole (methoxybenzene) was emitted from all of the S. chartarum strains tested on both types of substrates. Maximum anisole concentration was detected after seven days of incubation.
MVOCs are suitable markers for fungal identification because they easily diffuse through weak barriers like wallpaper, and could be used for early detection of mold growth in hidden cavities. This study identifies the production of anisole by seven toxigenic strains of Stachybotrys chartarum within a period of one week of growth on gypsum wallboard and ceiling tiles. These data could provide useful information for the future construction of a robust MVOC library for the early detection of this mold.
Stachybotrys chartarum; MVOC; Water-damaged building materialsBackground
Stachybotrys chartarum is a filamentous mold usually identified among the mycobiota of wet-damaged, cellulose-containing building material [1,2]. S. chartarum is usually referred to as "toxic mold"; toxicity has been associated with exposure to spores and production of mycotoxins [3-5]. In addition, S. chartarum and other indoor molds have been linked to damp building-related illnesses (DBRI) such as allergic reactions of the upper respiratory system (e.g. irritated eyes, nose and throat) [6]. Likewise, cases of idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis have been associated with S. chartarum indoor exposures [7,8]. Also, S. chartarum may trigger immunologic, neurologic, and oncogenic disorders [5,7,9].
Proper risk management decisions are necessary whenever S. chartarum is identified in mold-infested environments for the proper remediation of this mold and minimal exposure of occupational workers to its toxic effects [10,11]. At present, there are no standardized protocols to identify the need for mold-remediation for indoor built environments. Most of the published mold-remediation guidelines recommend visual inspection for fungal growth as part of the assessment for mold-remediation at damp or water-damaged settings. Usually by the time visible mold growth is observed, it implies that inaccessible areas within the building construction are already mold-contaminated [11,12]. The implementation of new technologies for close monitoring of secluded, damp spaces is necessary for the early detection of mold growth. Several studies suggested the use of microbial volatile organic compound (MVOC) profiles as a diagnostic tool to determine mold-related problems in homes and buildings [13-15]. MVOCs are volatile organic chemical emissions associated with mold metabolism and may be linked to some of the adverse respiratory conditions generated by S. chartarum[16-19]. Combinations of MVOC emissions generate characteristic odors; these are detected prior to visual mold growth in buildings where occupants complaint of poor indoor air quality [20,21]. MVOCs are suitable markers because they easily diffuse through weak barriers like wallpaper and small crevices [12,15,20]. Likewise, they could be used for early detection of mold growth in hidden cavities (i.e. air ducts) and infrequently-visited places such as attics, crawl spaces and basements [12,22]. Several studies suggest that MVOC emission patterns could be used for the identification and classification of closely related microorganisms [23,24]. Larsen and Frisvad [25] analyzed the MVOCs emissions pattern of 47 Penicillium taxa and showed and the MVOCs emission profiles were unique enough to classify Penicillium to the species level. In a previous study, our laboratory characterized MVOCs emitted by three toxigenic strains of S. chartarum when grown on Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA) and gypsum wallboard [26]. In the present study, we included seven toxigenic strains of S. chartarum to identify unique MVOCs for this mold to help in the construction of a robust MVOC library. An MVOC fingerprinting profile will be very useful for the implementation of a method for the early detection and identification of mold contamination when other signs of mold growth are absent. These studies are expected to advance our basic understanding of the physiology of S. chartarum and provide useful knowledge for the early detection and control of this toxigenic mold.
Test organisms
Spores from seven toxigenic strains of Stachybotrys chartarum were used in this study. Strains ATCC 201210, ATCC 208877, ATCC 62762, ATCC 46994, and ATCC 34916 were obtained from the American Type Culture Collection (Manassas, VA); and strains RTI 3559 and RTI 5802 were isolated from water-damaged homes and were obtained from the RTI International Collection (Research Triangle Park, NC). Prior to testing, all S. chartarum strains were grown on SDA (Sabouraud Dextrose Agar) and characterized microscopically to verify purity of the culture. Spore suspensions were prepared as described in Crow et al. [27] with modifications for harvesting mold spores [28]. All S. chartarum strains were individually grown on SDA plates until spore production was observed. Approximately 4–5 plates were grown for each strain. Spores were harvested from plates with 3 ml of 0.01 M phosphate buffer containing 0.05% (v/v) Tween 20 (Sigma Chemical, St Louis, MO, USA) at pH 7.0 (PBT pH 7.0) by gently scraping the surface of the plate with a sterile bent glass rod. The spore suspensions of the 4–5 plates were combined and centrifuged at 12,000 × g for 5 min. The supernatant was decanted leaving the spore pellet intact. The pellet was washed three times with 10 ml of the 0.01 M PBT and stored at 4°C until needed. Total spore count of the stock spore suspension was determined by direct microscopic counting using a hemocytometer. The spore suspension was examined microscopically to verify purity of the spores (i.e., absence of hyphae). When needed, this stock of spore suspension was diluted to the desired concentration (spores/ml) using 0.01 M PBT.
Test substrates
Gypsum wallboard (W) and ceiling tiles (C) coupons were chosen as the cultivation substrate. The composition of the gypsum wallboard used was gypsum core (CaSO4 · 2H2O) wrapped with paper. The composition of ceiling tile was wood fiber (0-60%) and fibrous glass (0-13%). Both materials were purchased at local vendors. W and C were cut into 3 in. × 1.5 in. (7.62 cm × 3.81 cm) coupons. All substrates were individually steam – sterilized by autoclaving prior to inoculation. To provide a suitable moist condition for the germination of S. chartarum spores, sterile coupons were individually placed on a sterile glass Petri dish and wetted with 4 ml of sterile deionized H2O. Previous studies showed that S. chartarum grows on pre-wetted building materials at relative humidity below 100% [29]. All H2O was allowed to absorb prior to inoculation. Coupons were inoculated by pipetting 100 μl of spore suspension at the surface (usually with 10 spots of 10 μl arranged in an X configuration). The coupons' preparation and the spiking procedure were performed in accordance with the ASTM guidelines D 6329–98 [30]. Spore concentration was 105 – 106 per coupon.
Sampling for MVOC emissions from static test chambers
Figure 1 shows the experimental setup for the collection of MVOC emissions. Coupons inoculated with the predetermined spore load were contained in a static environmental growth chamber to quantitatively determine MVOC emissions. These chambers consisted of all-glass chambers, 4 ¾″ W × 2 ½″ D × 4 ½″ H (12 cm × 6.4 cm × 11.5 cm) (General Glassblowing Co., Inc., Richmond, CA) which were modified to include a face plate with two ¼″ Teflon bulkhead unions (with fritted glass disks); three glass culture plates (without lids), each with a test coupon; a wire mesh separator; 0 to 1 Lpm Gilmont flowmeter (Cole Palmer, Vernon Hills, IL) and an individual small sample pump. The size of each chamber was approximately 820 ml.
Figure 1. Experimental setup. The experimental setup allows for easily introducing the sorbent tubes into the sample loop without the need to open the growth chambers. A miniature pump draws the headspace from the chambers into the sorbent tube. The sample loop continues to a rotameter, where airflow is measured and is then transferred back into the growth chambers, thus providing a completely enclosed sample trajectory.
The testing period was 21 to 28 days of incubation at room temperature. Each experimental run included one or two strains of S. chartarum (each tested individually) and only one type of coupon. Each strain was tested in duplicate chambers. Each run included a control chamber with no coupons and a negative control consisting of a chamber with sterile, un-inoculated coupons. The MVOC sampling media were Supelco Tenax TA tubes (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO). On day one, three spore-loaded coupons, each placed in a glass Petri dish, were introduced into each of the chambers. The control and test chambers were closed and allowed to equilibrate overnight at room temperature prior to the initiation of the testing period. After the equilibration period, the air from the headspace was collected onto Tenax TA tubes for 90 minutes at a nominal airflow of 0.05 liter per minute. Weekly headspace samples were collected within a period of 21 to 28 days.
MVOC samples collected on Tenax TA tubes were temperature desorbed according to published procedures described in EPA Method TO −17 and analyzed using an Agilent 6890/5973 Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS) with Perkin Elmer Automated Thermal Desorber 400 system (PE ATD 400). For the instrument calibration, the relative response factor (RRF) method based on peak areas of extracted ion of target analytes relative to that of the internal standard was used. Gas phase d8-toluene was used as the internal standard. The following MVOCs, identified in a previous study, were used to calibrate the instrument: isoamyl alcohol (3-methyl-1-butanol), styrene, 3-octanone, anisole (methoxybenzene), cyclohexanol, and naphthalene, all purchased from Chem Service (West Chester, PA, USA); 4-methylanisole (1-methoxy-4-methylbenzene), 3-methylanisole (1-methoxy-3-methylbenzene), and 3,5-dimethoxytoluene purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA) [26]. The calibration standards were prepared at five concentration levels ranging from approximately 4 to 400 ng/μl in CH3OH. Two μl of standards were spiked on each Tenax TA tube for the calibration. The practical quantification limit (PQL) which is the lowest calibration concentration was 8 ng/tube for each target analyte.
Target MVOC values in the samples are reported in micrograms per cubic meter (μg/m3). The MVOC concentration (C) was determined using Equation 1.
Where: M is the mass of the MVOC measured on each Tenax sampling tube, ng; V is the air sample volume, liter; and C is the concentration, μg/m3.
Other fungal metabolites were identified with less certainty using a general mass spectral library available from the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). VOC profiles were generated for each chamber. For each test period we had three types of VOC profiles: background VOCs; negative control VOCs; and positive controls VOCs. Background VOCs were those detected from the chambers without test coupons. Negative control VOCs were the emissions identified in chambers with test coupons without mold spores; most of the VOCs in these chambers were a combination of background and emissions from the wallboard (or ceiling tile) coupons. Positive control VOCs were those emitted from the coupons with mold spores; these emissions were a combination of MVOCs plus the previously mentioned VOCs. By comparing the three profiles, we identified the MVOCs emissions as S. chartarum grew either in W or C.
Determination of mycotoxin and colony-forming unit (CFU)
Coupons loaded with S. chartarum spores were placed inside sterile glass Petri dishes and incubated in static growth chambers during the same testing period as the MVOC chambers. To verify the toxigenicity of the S. chartarum strains, we used the Envirologix QuantiTox kit for trichothecenes (Envirologix Inc., Portland, ME). The manufacturer's protocol was used for mycotoxin extractions and assays. CFU analysis was done to monitor viability and growth of S. chartarum during the test period. The CFU analysis was done as described by Betancourt et al. [31].
Results and discussion
In this study, we followed the MVOCs emissions from seven toxigenic strains of S. chartarum as they grew on cellulose-based gypsum wallboard (W) and ceiling tile (C). These essential building materials, used in the construction of walls and ceilings, are known to support microbial growth and become mold-colonized in a short period of time in damp or water-damaged indoor environments. Under these conditions, Stachybotrys chartarum is frequently identified among the mycobiota [1,2,32,33].
Additional file 1: Table S1 summarizes the MVOC emission profiles of S. chartarum growing on W and C. Most of the MVOCs identified were alcohols, ketones, hydrocarbons, ethers and esters. All these MVOCs have previously been reported as fungal metabolites [14,20,21,26,34-39]. The highlighted MVOCs were those emitted by four or more strains of S. chartarum on one or both of the substrates. These MVOCs were: anisole (methoxybenzene); 3-octanone; 3-methyl-3-buten-1-ol; 2-butanol; 2-(1-cyclopent-1-enyl-1-methylethyl) cyclopentanone; and 3,4-dihydro-8-hydroxy-3-methyl-(R)-1H-2-Benzopyran-1-one. Only the MVOCs emitted in both chambers (i.e., in duplicate) for the same mold strain were reported. Several studies showed that MVOC emissions' profiles are very diverse; i.e., they vary depending on the fungi, the types of substrates available, and the existent environmental conditions (i.e., moisture, temperature) [14,40,41]. In this study, we observed this variability among the different S. chartarum strains and even within the same S. chartarum strain growing on different substrates (Additional file 1: Table S1). However, some MVOC emissions were highly reproducible even among different S.chartarum strains. We measured the MVOC concentrations of the following: anisole (methoxybenzene), 3-octanone, 3-methyl-1-butanol (isoamylalcohol), styrene, cyclohexanol, 4-methylanisole (1-methoxy-4-methylbenzene), 3-methylanisole (1-methoxy-3-methylbenzene), naphthalene, and 3,5-dimethoxytoluene based on the results of a previous study [26]. Only the concentrations of anisole and 3-octanone are reported; all the other MVOC tested were below detection limits (data not shown). Tables 1 and 2 summarize the concentrations of anisole (methoxybenzene), 3-octanone, mycotoxin and corresponding colony forming units (CFU) during different incubation times. Figures 2 and 3 represent the emissions pattern of both MVOCs on W and C, respectively. Our study showed that all seven strains (except ATCC 208877 which was not grown on C) emitted anisole on both wallboard and ceiling tile after 1 week of incubation and its concentration peaked within this timeframe. The concentration of anisole generated by the different strains was generally higher when grown on wallboard than on ceiling tiles (compare Figures 2 and 3 and note the difference in the scale of the Y-axis). Furthermore, the error bars were found to be larger for the gypsum wallboard (Figure 2) than those for ceiling tile (Figure 3); this is probably due to differences in the composition of the nutrient availability in the two building material as evident from the higher rate of anisole emission from the gypsum wallboard as compared to ceiling tile.
Additional file 1: Table S1. MVOC emissions of Stachybotrys chartarum growing on gypsum wallboard and ceiling tile.
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Table 1. Growth, MVOC emissions and mycotoxin production by Stachybotrys chartarum growing on gypsum wallboard
Table 2. Growth, MVOC emissions and mycotoxin production by Stachybotrys chartarum growing on ceiling tile
Figure 2. Anisole and 3-octanone emissions on gypsum wallboard. Anisole and 3-octanone emission was followed, as a function of time, during the growth of the different strains of S. chartarum on gypsum wallboard. The bar graph shows the mean ± SD of anisole and 3-octanone emissions.
Figure 3. Anisole and 3-octanone emissions on ceiling tile. The bar graph shows the mean ± SD of anisole and 3-octanone emissions for six independent Sc strains growing on ceiling tile. a.S. chartarum ATCC 208877 MVOCs emissions not tested on ceiling tile; b. 3-octanone emissions for S. chartarum ATCC 201210 below detection limit.
The highest concentration of anisole detected on wallboard was 105 ± 38 μg/m3 and on ceiling tile 46 ± 1 μg/m3. After two weeks of incubation, anisole concentration decreased and remained at detectable concentrations throughout the incubation period. The CFU and mycotoxin data clearly demonstrate that our experimental set-up supported spore production and mycotoxin synthesis (Tables 1 and 2). Previously, we reported similar results for anisole emissions using SDA and gypsum wallboard as growth substrates for S. chartarum[26]. Our results are in agreement with those reported by Wilkins et al. [42], Li [43] and Mason et al. [37]. All these studies reported anisole emissions as S. chartarum grew on gypsum wallboard [37,42,43] and cellulose insulation [43]. These studies also showed that anisole emissions are biogenic and are not commonly associated with general VOCs emitted from building materials. The aforementioned studies included Aspergillus versicolor and other indoor biocontaminants; anisole emissions were not detected among the MVOCs identified for all the molds tested on wallboard or any other building materials. Anisole has been proposed as a unique MVOC for S. chartarum[37]. However, in other studies, anisole emissions have been reported for Aspergillus versicolor[38,41,44]. As previously mentioned, these are instances that show the complexity of analyzing MVOC profiles due to the diversity of the environmental conditions, mold genera and substrate availability [34]. Our study showed that anisole emissions of S. chartarum are detectable within one week of incubation when growing on cellulose-containing building materials. We were able to demonstrate the reproducibility of anisole emissions for a total of nine S. chartarum strains (two from a previous study and seven new ones from the present study) during the first week of growth and the steady-state concentration maintained throughout the incubation period [26]. Robust MVOCs profiles with target compounds such as anisole might increase the sensitivity of a biosensor technology for the identification of S. chartarum in hidden cavities and spaces.
The other MVOCs frequently emitted by most of the S. chartarum strains tested was 3-octanone. The highest concentration on W was 4 ± 0.7 μg/m3 and on C was 42 ± 1 μg/m3. Emission patterns of this ketone were variable for both substrates. In ceiling tiles, the concentrations for several strains were below the detection limit. Previous studies reported 3-octanone as an MVOC derived from the degradation of fatty acids [25,42,45]. Several indoor fungi such as Penicillium brevicompactum, Aspergillus versicolor, Eurotium amstelodami and Chaetomium globosum among others emit this ketone as they actively grow on suitable building materials [46].
Gao et al. [36] studied the MVOC emissions of three toxigenic strains of S. chartarum when grown on rice and gypsum wallboard. We detected two MVOCs similar to those reported by Gao when S. chartarum was grown on W; these were: 2-(1-cyclopent-1-enyl-1-methylethyl) cyclopentanone and β-bisabolene. However, anisole and 3-octanone were not detected among the unique MVOCs reported by Gao et al. [36].
Mycotoxin assays showed that all the S. chartarum strains used in our investigation were toxigenic (Tables 1 and 2). Mycotoxin concentrations were variable among all the strains tested and were detected after seven days of incubation. Future studies will include HPLC analysis to identify the mycotoxins synthesized and molecular characterization of mycotoxins' biosynthetic genes and sporulation genes to identify the possible association between anisole and other MVOC emissions and these cellular processes. Several studies suggested that high MVOC production might be associated with spore production and mycotoxin biosynthesis [20,47].
In the food industry, MVOCs have long been used as spoilage predictors for food and grains [48,49]. Karlshøj et al. [50] showed that certain types of MVOCs are emitted during mycotoxins biosynthesis. Therefore, recent trends are aimed at the development of electronic noses (e-noses) as indirect indicators of toxigenic fungi in food [50]. In indoor environments, the use of e-noses for the early detection of mold is a very promising technology. However, the interference of volatiles originating from building materials and the low concentrations of MVOCs are factors that need to be considered for the development of efficient sensors [51]. Schiffman et al. constructed an e-nose with a potential to effectively discriminate between several fungi species; and demonstrated that sensitive sensors are capable of discriminating specific volatiles [52]. We believe that the construction of a robust Stachybotrys chartarum MVOC library is the first step needed towards the development of an e-nose for the early detection of this mold in indoor environments. In this study (Additional file 1: Table S1), we provided the profiles of MVOCs from seven toxigenic strains of S. chartarum (in addition to the two strains we previously reported [26]) when grown on building materials that support mold growth under favorable conditions, and identified anisole (methoxybenzene) as a potential fingerprint for the early detection of this mold (Tables 1 and 2, and Figures 2 and 3). Indeed, the development of an e-nose for S. chartarum promises a major breakthrough for its e early detection in damaged indoor environments. Future studies will need to include the characterization and identification of the mycotoxins produced by S. chartarum in order to determine the correlation between toxigenic mycotoxin biosynthesis and MVOC emissions.
Comparisons of MVOC emissions profiles of seven toxigenic strains of S. chartarum growing on gypsum wallboard and ceiling tile show that the ether (anisole) might be an excellent indicator for the growth and the presence of this mold in indoor environments. Robust MVOCs profiles with target compounds such as anisole might increase the sensitivity of a biosensor technology for the identification of S. chartarum in hidden cavities and spaces.
Competing interests
The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
Authors' contributions
Conceived and designed the experimental protocols and performed static chambers tests: DAB, SAM. Coordinated the study, analyzed data, and wrote the manuscript: DAB. Performed all the GC-MS analysis: KK. Performed static chamber tests, mycotoxin assays and CFU: SMM. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Dr. Victor de Jesus developed the experimental setup used in this research as part of his post-doctoral work (2000–2001) at the US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Air Pollution Prevention Control Division, Durham, NC.
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Kreja L, Seidel HJ: Evaluation of the genotoxic potential of some microbial volatile organic compounds (MVOC) with the comet assay, the micronucleus assay and the HPRT gene mutation assay.
Mutat Res 2002, 513(1–2):143-150. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text
Kreja L, Seidel H-J: On the cytotoxicity of some microbial volatile organic compounds as studied in the human cell line A 549.
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Ammann HM: Microbial Volatile Organic Compounds. In Bioaerosols: Assessment and Control. Edited by Macher J. Cincinnati, OH: ACGIH; 1999:1-17.
Hachem C, Chaubey Y, Fazio P, Rao J, Bartlett K: Statistical analysis of microbial volatile organic compounds in an experimental project: identification and transport analysis.
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Morey P, Worthan A, Weber A, Horner E, Black M, Muller W: Microbial VOCs in moisture damaged buildings. In IAQ Proceedings of Healthy Buildings. Edited by Wood JE, Grimsrud DT, Boschi N. Bethesda, MD: ISIAQ; 1997:245-250.
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Betancourt DA, Dean TR, Menetrez MY, Moore SA: Characterization of microbial volatile organic compounds (MVOC) emitted by Stachybotrys chartarum.
Proceedings for the AWMA/EPA Indoor Environmental Quality: Problems, Research and Solutions Conference, Research Triangle Park, NC 2006.
Online http://www.awma.org webcite
Crow SA, Ahearn DG, Noble JA, Moyenuddin M, Price DL: Microbial ecology of buildings: effects of fungi on indoor air quality.
Dean TR, Betancourt D, Menetrez MY: A rapid DNA extraction method for PCR identification of fungal indoor air contaminants.
J Microbiol Meth 2004, 56(3):431-434. Publisher Full Text
Menetrez MY, Foarde KK, Webber TD, Betancourt D, Dean T: Growth response of Stachybotrys chartarum to moisture variation on common building materials.
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ASTM D 6329–98: Standard guide for developing methodology for evaluating the ability of indoor materials to support microbial growth using static environmental chambers. West Conshohocken, PA: American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM); 1998.
Betancourt DA, Dean TR, Menetrez MY: Method for evaluating mold growth on ceiling tile.
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Brasel TL, Douglas DR, Wilson SC, Straus DC: Detection of airborne Stachybotrys chartarum macrocyclic trichothecene mycotoxins on particulates smaller than conidia.
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Vesper SJ, McKinstry C, Haugland RA, Iossifova Y, Lemasters G, Levin L, Khurana Hershey GK, Villareal M, Bernstein DI, Lockey J, et al.: Relative moldiness index as predictor of childhood respiratory illness.
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Wilkins K, Nielsen KF, Din SU: Patterns of volatile metabolites and nonvolatile trichothecenes - produced by isolates of Stachybotrys, Fusarium, Trichoderma, Trichothecium and Memnoniella.
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Menetrez MY, Foarde KK: Microbial volatile organic compound emission rates and exposure model.
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Offering great value and family service has made of Club del Sol a favorite for Domestic and International travelers . Hotel also provides the facility of lobby and reception .
Club del Sol Features
- Currency Exchange
- Elevators
- Bar/Lounge
- Restaurant
- Pets accepted
- Meeting/Banquet Facilities
- Safe Deposit Box
- Parking


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A pair of San Antonio role players pushed the Spurs Tuesday night to a two games to one lead over Miami in the NBA Finals.
Monday night, Chicago defeated the Miami Heat. San Antonio needed two overtimes to best the Golden State Warriors in their respective Eastern and Western Conference semifinal opening games.
San Antonio Spurs beat Oklahoma City Thunder 120-111 to take a 2-0 lead in the NBA Western Conference finals. Tony Parker scored 34 points. Game 3 is Thursday night in Oklahoma City.


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Can anyone stop Oakland? Heading into the season's unofficial second half, the A's are the clear favorite for a title. But this is baseball and nothing is guaranteed. Plus, there's plenty of time left until October...
Stay with us every Monday for analysis and updated MLB Power Rankings from CSNChicago.com's Tony Andracki and JJ Stankevitz throughout the season.
Past rankings: Preseason | Week 1 | Week 2 | Week 3 | Week 4 | Week 5 | Week 6 | Week 7 | Week 8 | Week 9 | Week 10 | Week 11 | Week 12 | Week 13 | Week 14
Rank | J.J. |
Tony | Comment |
1 |
JJ: Flying under the radar, Coco Crisp is having a really solid season -- a .291/.387/.449 slash line and 2.2 WAR. Tony: First-half MVP - Scott Kazmir: A preseason afterthought suddenly in CY convo in AL. |
2 |
JJ: Jered Weaver's 4.25 FIP and .251 BABIP make him a second-half regression candidate. Tony: Mike Trout: Like it could be anybody else? |
3 |
JJ: Justin Verlander still hasn't fixed things (6.30 ERA since June 1), but it hasn't mattered yet. |
4 |
JJ: Funny, Yasiel Puig's reaction to a lightning strike is usually mine when he throws a guy out at third from right field. Tony: Clayton Kershaw: Lotta good options here, but Kershaw is unreal. |
5 |
JJ: No National League team has allowed fewer runs, and that'll play well down the stretch against Atlanta. Tony: Anthony Rendon: Stabilized the lineup with Harper hurt most of the year. |
6 |
JJ: Wonder if it's a coincidence they're two games under .500 at Safeco and nine over on the road. |
7 |
JJ: Charging hard and have the best run differential in the NL Central at the All-Star break. |
8 |
JJ: Looks like they've righted the ship and will be right there fighting for a playoff spot in September. Tony: Robinson Cano: .334 AVG and the power is coming around. Worth the $$ so far. |
9 |
JJ: Strange that Matt Holliday's power has disappeared -- only a .389 slugging percentage and six home runs in 400 plate appearances. |
10 |
JJ: The AL East hasn't been this weak in years, and they're the ones taking advantage right now. Tony: Freedie Freeman: .878 OPS, emerging as maybe the top offensive 1B in NL. |
11 |
JJ: Tenuous hold on first place after a 2-8 stretch heading into the All-Star break. |
12 |
JJ: Getting Evan Gattis back soon should be a boost. Tony: Todd Frazier: With Votto hurt and Bruce/Phillips underperforming, Frazier has carried Reds O. |
13 |
JJ: If they don't get another starter, their playoff hopes could wind up being dashed by September. |
14 |
JJ: Proof having an elite bullpen only gets you so far…especially when Billy Butler only has a .679 OPS. |
15 |
JJ: If they're going to make a run, the next four weeks are the time: Six vs. Colorado, four vs. Arizona, three vs. Miami and three vs. San Diego. Tony: Mark Buehrle: We knew TOR would hit, but they needed a lift in rotation, which Buehrle has given them. |
16 |
JJ: Corey Kluber's emergence has been great, but starting rotation behind him and Trevor Bauer is a mess. |
17 |
JJ: No Tanaka, no chance. |
18 |
JJ: Good sign for Zack Wheeler, improving his strikeout, walk and home run rates off his rookie year. Tony: Masahiro Tanaka: Before he got hurt, was the lone consistent performer on Yanks. |
19 |
JJ: Marcell Ozuna -- Pablo's cousin -- is enjoying a fine second year in the majors: .276/.323/.463 and 2.2 WAR. |
20 |
JJ: Worth noting, Alejandro De Aza is hitting .337/.387/.495 since June 1. |
21 |
JJ: Playing better lately and the division's weak, but still 9 1/2 back so trading David Price still seems like the right call. |
22 |
JJ: Cool to see Glen Perkins get the All-Star save. |
23 |
JJ: Clay Buccholz in his last four starts: 23 strikeouts, one walk. Tony: Casey McGehee: Stanton has done his thing, but McGehee's .386 OBP, 53 RBI a huge boost to the lineup. |
24 |
JJ: 13 starts isn't a big sample size, but Jake Arrieta's 1.95 ERA and 2.14 FIP are the signs of a breakout for the 28-year-old. |
25 |
JJ: They have quite a few guys they could move before the deadline…but will Ruben Amaro pull the rebuilding trigger? |
26 |
JJ: Turn Down For What: The theme song to the Padres' GM search. Tony: Seth Smith: .387 OBP, .508 SLG in 258 at-bats. |
27 |
JJ: Dallas Keuchel didn't make the All-Star Game but is having an outstanding year (3.20 ERA, 3.14 FIP). |
28 |
JJ: Since May 20, they're 14-35. Not a typo. |
29 |
JJ: Addison Reed is allowing 2.15 home runs per nine innings, which is not good. Tony: Jose Altuve: On pace for 219 hits and 69 steals. |
30 |
JJ: 38-57 at the All-Star break and sit as baseball's worst team. Didn't see that coming. |


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Hundreds of unique traditional and contemporary Star of David necklaces by top Israeli artists. Makes the perfect gift for a wedding, birthday, Bat Mitzvah, or any special occasion.
The Dead Sea Scrolls are among the most important archaeological treasures ever found in the Holy Land.
Whether you're looking for a classic wool tallit, a modern tallit, or even highly fashionable artistic tallit, you will find what you're looking for here!
This gorgeous wall hanging features the Biblical verse from King David's wisdom, Im eshkachech Yerushalayim, tishkach yemini ("If I forget you, O Jerusalem, may my right hand forget itself.") (Psalms 137:5). A beautiful prayer for our times, and a wonderful gift for anybody.
Beautify your home with a breathtaking work of Jewish art! David Fisher's internationally acclaimed masterpieces combine the modern craft of laser cutting technology with a passion for tradition. Guaranteed to transform your walls into a source of meaning and joy.
Covered in highly embossed leatherette, with the page edges painted in gold leaf, the book is a beautiful as it is practical. This book, intended for the entire family, features an array of blessings, dedications, prayers, and hymns for the Sabbath and holidays.
This new treasury of Sabbath favourites will earn an honored place in your home.
The incredible story of Israel's rebirth - this landmark series is the masterpiece of Israeli documentaries and the crowning achievement of Israeli television.
Show your support for the strong alliance of America and Israel, who share the role as the world leading representatives of the values of freedom, democracy and human rights.
This is one of the most unforgettable tastes of Israel. Turkish coffee, popularly and affectionately called "mud" in Israel, is the strong (usually sweet) drink served at coffee houses throughout the Middle East.
Castel Grand Vin - Castel's premium red wine. It is made from a selection of the best vineyards. It is a blend of 70% Cabernet Sauvignon, 22% Merlot and 8% Petit Verdot, Cabernet Franc and Malbec.
This beautiful seven-branched menorah is modeled after the golden menorah that once stood in the Holy Temple of Jerusalem.
The centerpiece of the Passover Seder, the Seder plate holds various ritual Seder items. Choose from a wide variety of elegant traditional designs, including historical replicas, or go for a more modern design by one of Israel's top contemporary artisans. An instant conversation starter!
This wonderful gift set comes beautifully packaged with four special treatments for the body and senses from AHAVA Dead Sea cosmetics!
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250 ml. / 8.5 oz.
Approved for sensitive skin
Allergy tested
Free of steroids, synthetic fragrances, SLS, and parabens
New! Introducing Clineral PSO Scalp Shampoo by AHAVA and Teva.
This outstanding product combines the unmatched skin healing properties of Dead Sea minerals with Clineral's blend of plant extracts to maximize sclap health and greatly reduce itchiness, redness, and irritation. Works especially well combined with AHAVA Clineral PSO Cream Scalp Mask.
After years of collective research and product refinement, AHAVA cosmetics and Teva Pharmaceuticals are proud to introduce to you CLINERAL, a skincare line so revolutionary that you will be wondering how you ever settled for anything else! Sufferers of problematic skin can finally breathe a sigh of relief now that the dream team of globally recognized AHAVA and the world's #1 generic pharmaceutical company, Teva, have joined forces. What makes this union such a winning dynamic is the fusion of two winning ideals. AHAVA's core business principles lie in its call for uncompromised quality Dead Sea cosmetics while Teva's precept has long been its belief that achievement is built out of products that are medically- advantageous.
Because CLINERAL is the integration of two winning formulas, your issue-ridden skin is being tended to on two fronts so relief is finally in sight!
AHAVA DERMUD Intensive Hand Cream. Winner of SHAPE Magazine's 2008 annual SHAPE of Beauty Award (for dry and sensitive skin)
Price: $18.99
AHAVA DERMUD Intensive Foot Cream (for dry and sensitive skin)
Edom Black Mud Soap
Price: $4.99


text:
Crazy CircusList Price: $24.99
Notify me if/when this item becomes available:
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Product Description
Jungle Smart – one of many names under which this design has been released – is a simultaneous puzzle solving game. Three animals stand on two platforms, and you are trying to change their configuration to match a target card by issuing commands like "Ma", which moves the bottom animal on one platform to the top, or "Ni" which swaps the top two animals on the two platforms. As a result, the game is a race to shout out multi-syllable commands such as the eponymous "MaNiKi", or "LoNiMaSo". The first player to do so correctly wins the target card, and whoever collects the most cards wins!
Product Information
Asmodee Editions Year: 2013
Players: 1 - 10
Time: 20 or more minutes
Ages: 8 and up
Weight: 700 grams (estimated)


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You can stay on top of North Central College athletics right here on NCTV17. Hosted by Charlie Edward, "The Red Zone" focuses on the NCC football team, previewing upcoming games while breaking down previous contests. The Cardinal Report takes viewers through highlights and analysis of other NCC sports from golf to tennis to track. Both programs include highlights, profiles, and interviews with key players as well as the coaching staff. Learn more about NCC Athletics.
The Cardinal Report
After breaking the program record for wins in a row, the lacrosse team is featured on this week's episode of The Cardinal Report. Jenni Kapanen, as well as star player, Gina Fisher, and Kailey Robbins steal the spotlight.
A special episode of the Cardinal Report live from the Cardinal Room in Merner Field House. The softball team is in, including head coach Jim Kulawiak, Kiersten Tinkoff, and Cecie Portillo, Discussing the road trip to Florida and some weather-induced interruptions to their schedule.
The baseball team joins the Cardinal Report to kickoff the 2015 spring season of the show. The team's manager from '94-'02, Ed Mathey, returns to the team in 2015. Players, Sam Klein and Ben Krusen are guests, too. All commenting on the team's season thus far.
The Red Zone
North Central finished its 2014 season with a 38-31 on the road at Elmhurst. Head Coach John Thorne, offensive coordinator Jeff Thorne, senior wide receiver Peter Sorenson, and senior defensive back Jordan Dean stop by for the season finale of The Red Zone.
The Cardinals knocked off Augustana 43-14 in the final home game of the regular season. Head coach John Thorne, offensive lineman Marc DesLauriers, and defensive lineman Jon Egan wrap up their regular season this week at Elmhurst.
The Cardinals picked up another home victory, knocking off Illinois Wesleyan 45-24. Head coach John Thorne, running back Oshayne Brown, and defensive lineman Brian Wilson reflect on that game, and the upcoming Senior Day game against Augustana.


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Dorian Petersen Potter
Poems by Dorian Petersen Potter : 354 / 491
Soul (Quatrains) - Poem by Dorian Petersen Potter
Your soul and mine are so important to God,
And it should be to you, because you can lose it too,
Your soul is something so valuable, so precious,
And it resides so deep inside of you,
You may not feel it or see it but still,
It is dwelling right there for sure too,
And it is as much part of everything you are,
As your body, mind and spirit, you know to,
Your soul will remain forever with you,
Because unlike your body and heart, it can't die,
It's immortal and shall be with you eternally,
So take care of your soul, make sure that's right with God too.
Poems by Dorian Petersen Potter : 354 / 491
Comments about Soul (Quatrains) by Dorian Petersen Potter
Read this poem in other languages
This poem has not been translated into any other language yet.
Poem Submitted: Saturday, August 3, 2013
Poem Edited: Friday, August 30, 2013
Dorian Petersen Potter's Other Poems
Famous Poems
Phenomenal Woman
Maya Angelou
Still I Rise
Maya Angelou
The Road Not Taken
Robert Frost
If You Forget Me
Pablo Neruda
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Annabel Lee
Edgar Allan Poe
Caged Bird
Maya Angelou
Rudyard Kipling
Stopping By Woods On A Snowy Evening
Robert Frost
A Dream Within A Dream
Edgar Allan Poe


text:
Definitions for fireguardˈfaɪərˌgɑrd
This page provides all possible meanings and translations of the word fireguard
Princeton's WordNet
firebreak, fireguard(noun)
a narrow field that has been cleared to check the spread of a prairie fire or forest fire
fire screen, fireguard(noun)
a metal screen before an open fire for protection (especially against flying sparks)
A mesh screen around a fire to prevent sparks or falling embers.
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"fireguard." Definitions.net. STANDS4 LLC, 2015. Web. 25 Apr. 2015. <http://www.definitions.net/definition/fireguard>.


text:
Texas on the Potomac
Washington news with a Texas accent
Posts filtered on Tag
Tea Party leader said he wasn't speaking for GOP when he said 'the Republican Party doesn't want black people to vote'
By Jay Root The Texas Tribune Dallas Tea Party leader Ken Emanuelson said Tuesday that he misspoke when he told an activist last month that Republicans don't want blacks to vote because they overwhelmingly support Democrats. "That was a mistake," he said in an email. "I hold no position of authority within the Republican Party […]
[Read More]
Rep. Marc Veasey condemns racist remarks by Dallas Republican activist
It's obvious that the efforts of the Democrats' Battleground Texas are making some Republicans nervous. And that's leading to some unforced errors that are creating some very bad publicity for the Texas GOP. Take Texas GOP chairman Steve Munisteri's efforts to drum up support for "Battlefield Dallas," an attempt by Dallas Republicans to counter the […]
[Read More]
GOP fears: Hillary Clinton continues to spark talk of a blue Texas
In January, Public Policy Polling reported that if she ran for president in 2016, Hilary Clinton would run a competitve race in Texas. Clinton was said to have a one percent lead over Sen. Marco Rubio, R-Fla., a two point lead over New Jersey Gov. Chris Christie, and a surprising eight point lead over our […]
[Read More]
Texas GOP leader reminds Boehner he expects spending cuts to be part of any future deal
""I felt it was important to let the Speaker know that going forward, we expect the Republican led House to draw the line against the tax and spend policies of the Democrat led Senate and White House, and to be a strong advocate for responsible spending cuts and effectively deal with an outrageously high federal deficit."
[Read More]
Rick Perry is working hard in Tampa to rebuild his brand
Perry seemed to be everywhere. He was honored as a "pro-life hero" by anti-abortion leaders and a "Hero of the American Entrepreneur" by small business groups. He attended events with Ohio, Alabama and Tennessee delegations, helped the Republican Governors' Association and the Texas Republican Party raise money, and sought out Republicans from South Carolina, Iowa, Tennessee and Louisiana to thank them for aiding his presidential effort.
He chatted with conservative bloggers and ambled down "radio row," gave interviews to right-leaning talk radio hosts including former presidential candidate Mike Huckabee, and was a repeat visitor to Fox News. His aggressive social media presence was underscored by a "Google Hangout" Thursday evening with Texas GOP chairman Steve Munisteri.
[Read More]Texas GOP chair Steve Munisteri on Mitt Romney: 'I think he takes Texas for granted'
Despite the state's strong Republican leanings, Romney has shown little love for Texas in the days leading up to the primary. He's only visited the state once and held private fundraising events rather than public rallies. His next planned visit — after the May 29 primary — will once again seek campaign funding in the metropolitan areas of San Antonio, Dallas and Houston.
[Read More]
Redistricting impasse delays Texas primary until May 29, at the earliest
Texas' primary elections won't take place until at least May 29 because of the ongoing battle over the state's redistricting maps, a San Antonio federal court announced Wednesday. "It appears based on all the things that are going on here that it is extremely unlikely there will be a primary in April or for that […]
[Read More]
Republicans hurl harsh words at each other as negotiators try to reschedule Texas' 2012 primary elections
Acrimony among elected Republican officials, the statewide Republican Party leadership and Attorney General Greg Abbott spilled into public Thursday as a bitter fight over whether to split the state's primary elections rages on.
[Read More]
When will Texas hold its primaries? State Republicans are deeply divided
Political observers attribute the growing Republican chasm over differing political interests.
"Perry, Dewhurst and the party all want to have the March 6 primary on its scheduled date. Assuming Perry is still in the (GOP presidential) race, Texas could be helpful to him," said Cal Jillson, who predicted that turnout could drop by half in legislative and congressional races if they were moved to May primary.
[Read More]
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text:
Versace my a cappella
from Pusha T (Ft. Rick Ross) – Millions Lyrics on Genius
An acapella literally means; Without instrumental accompaniment.. But in this sense the Bawse is reffering to Versace — a high end fashion label. Hence — all he wears is Versace!
To help improve the quality of the lyrics, visit Pusha T (Ft. Rick Ross) – Millions Lyrics and leave a suggestion at the bottom of the page


text:
Photo Credit: Kristine Bellino [ Part of US Capitol Closed After Industrial Incident By Associated Press July 10, 2014 WASHINGTON (AP) — Officials have closed the House side of the U.S. Capitol because of an industrial spill there. Read More|Comment Category: Associated Press, National News Tags: capitol, house of representatives, industrial accident Send to a friend! Share on Facebook Share on Twitter Pin it! Reddit This! Share on Tumblr!
Brenda Hoffman, Getty Images [ Diane Reidy – Stenographer Loses It On House Floor, Yelling About Freemasons And God By Jeff Monaski October 17, 2013 A bizarre scene on the House of Representatives floor Wednesday as Congress was working to re-open the government. Read More|Comment Category: National News Tags: congress, diane reidy, government shutdown, house of representatives Send to a friend! Share on Facebook Share on Twitter Pin it! Reddit This! Share on Tumblr!


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Try this Green Chile Con Carne recipe, or contribute your own.
Southwestern cooking is not the same in any two border communities. Here is a Las Cruces recipe for local foods. We do eat many chile dishes, mostly not terribly hot. Chile is a fine vegetable, especially when fresh and red when its vitamin C content is highest. Please remember that our air is polluted and it is unwise to eat chile dishes that have not been cooked thoroughly. Were told by the USDA that chile must be cooked 20 minutes in order to be safe to eat. In a heavy skillet or dutch oven, Cook the meat, onions, and garlic over medium low heat, in olive oil until the meat has lost its red color. Push meat aside and add the flour. Slowly add the broth. Add green chile, potatoes, oregano and black pepper. Either pressure cook for 20 minutes or cook about 1 hour until the meat is fully cooked and tender. Since chile is grown in alkaline soil, it usually needs no salt. Posted to recipelu-digest by Eeyore
Date | My private notes | |
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text:
NWAR: Trench Warfare
Detective Nwar gets his hands dirty for a political campaign.
4.42 / 5.00 2,937 ViewsThis is a story about a lonely stuffed toy called Bear Bear...
Made to a deadline of 18 days for TOFA 2010
*EDIT* Thanks for the support and kind words newgrounds, Much love~
*EDIT EDIT* Front page, Weekly users choice AND review crew pick? Man, thanks for the support Newgrounds!
Nice!...Great horror elements, nice thorough story, etc... I didn't wanna sleep anyway.
O my god I've been looking for this forever, thank you! I love ur movie, keep up the good work!
I loved it. Great story and music. This is the best I have seen so far. But I found it on YouTube. Also scary.
Wow that was really touching. But really creepy at the same time. Nice job. Keep the twist plot too.