text:
A website from the Massachusetts Historical Society; founded 1791.
Adams Family Code Names
Diary of John Adams, Volume 2
Previous document:
16 February 1776
Adams, John
Cant we oblige B. to keep a Navy on foot the Expence of which will be double to what they ...
Next document:
1 February 1776
— 29 February 1776
Adams, John
Resolved that the Committee of Secret Correspondence be directed to lay their Letters before ...
Docno: ADMS-01-02-02-0006-0002-0002
Author: Adams, John
Date: 1776-02
Memorandum of Measures to Be Pursued in Congress, February? 1776.
The Confederation to be taken up in Paragraphs.
An Alliance to be formed with France and Spain.
Embassadors to be sent to both Courts.
Government to be assumed in every Colony.
Coin and Currencies to be regulated.
Forces to be raised and maintained in Canada and New York. St. Lawrence and Hudsons Rivers to be secured.
Hemp to be encouraged and the Manufacture of Duck.
Powder Mills to be built in every Colony, and fresh Efforts to make Salt Petre.
An Address to the Inhabitants of the Colonies.
The Committee for Lead and Salt to be fill'd up, and Sulphur added to their Commission.
Money to be sent to the Paymaster, to pay our Debts, and fullfill our Engagements.
Taxes to be laid, and levied, Funds established. New Notes to be given on Interest, for Bills borrowed.
Treaties of Commerce with F. S. H. D. &c.
Declaration of Independency, Declaration of War with the Nation, Cruising on the british Trade, their East India Ships and Sugar Ships.
Prevent the Exportation of Silver and Gold.
. Regrettably it is impossible to date this important memorandum with certainty. In the
(D/JA/25) it appears on two facing pages between the entries of
Jan. 1776, which, disregarding other considerations, should indicate that it was written during
's return journey to Philadelphia. This may be the case, but for reasons pointed out elsewhere the editors have learned to distrust the physical position of undated entries in the Diary as clues to their dates of composition.
's list displays such familiarity with issues current in Congress that it is extremely doubtful that he could have prepared it on his way back to Philadelphia. It is far more likely that he drew it up after he had resumed his seat on 9 Feb. and had tested the temper of his fellow delegates and, through them, the temper of the country, especially those sections of it beyond New England — which he now felt certain, to use Jefferson's phrase, was ready to fall "from the parent stem" (
, ed. Boyd
, 1:313). What he found was that, except for Virginia, most of the other colonies were not matured to that point of ripeness, and his task was, in conjunction with others of his mind in Congress, to bring them to that point. As the notes below indicate, many of the measures listed can be identified as resolutions introduced in Congress by
and other leaders of the independence party during the weeks
{ 232 }
immediately following his return; others were not put forward until late spring or early summer, or at least did not get beyond the talking stage and so are not recorded in the Journal.
The most plausible supposition is that
compiled his list of agenda, which has the appearance of being composed at one sitting, after conferring with Samuel Adams, Richard Henry Lee, and others with advanced views and agreeing with them on what measures should be pressed, soon after taking his seat, very probably between 10 and 15 Feb. and certainly before 23 Feb. (see
note 7
, below). If this is a sound conjecture, this paper may be regarded as minutes of a caucus among members who favored American independence.
. On 21 July 1775 Franklin had laid before Congress a draft plan of "Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union," but the subject was so touchy that no record of it was made in the official Journal. Copies of Franklin's plan circulated in the colonies and even reached print, but without noticeable effect (
Continental Congress
, p. 91–92;
, ed. Boyd
, 1:179–180). On 23 Dec. 1775 Jefferson, as chairman of a committee to ascertain the unfinished business before Congress, entered the "Report of the Proposed Articles of Confederation (adjourned from August last)" as the first item, but it was struck from his list, probably by the committee before reporting (
, 3:454–456;
, ed. Boyd
, 1:274–275). According to Richard Smith's Diary there were "considerable Arguments" on the floor of Congress, 16 Jan. 1776, "on the Point Whether a Day shall be fixed for considering the Instrument of Confederation formerly brought in by a Comee. it was carried in the Negative [and so not recorded in the Journal]. Dr. Franklin exerted Himself in Favor of the Confederation as did Hooper, Dickinson and other[s] agt. it" (
Burnett, ed.,
Letters of Members
, 1:313; and see Samuel Adams to
15–16 Jan. 1776
Adams Papers
; same, p. 311–312). The Journal of Congress is silent on this subject until 7 June, when the Virginia Resolutions "respecting independency" were brought in, one of which proposed "That a plan of confederation be prepared and transmitted to the respective Colonies for their consideration and approbation," and after debate extending over several days a committee was appointed "to prepare and digest the form of a confederation to be entered into between these colonies" (
, 5:425, 431, 433). For later developments see entries of
25 July
and following, below.
. A proposal approaching this was made by George Wythe on 16 Feb. 1776; see
's Notes of Debates of that
, preceding, and
note 4
's main objective (and accomplishment) in the spring of 1776. See his Notes of Debates,
13–15 May
, below, and
. On 19 April 1776 a committee, of which
was a member, was appointed by Congress "to examine and ascertain the value of the several species of gold and silver coins, current in these colonies, and the proportions they ought to bear to Spanish milled dollars" (
, 4:294). Its report, largely the work of George Wythe, was brought in on 22 May and tabled (same, p. 381–383). For its later history see
, ed. Boyd
, 1:511–518).
. This proposal was introduced by
and adopted by Congress in an enlarged form in March; see
's Draft Resolutions for Encouraging Agriculture and Manufactures,
, below.
. These proposals, together with the next but one in the present list of agenda, emerged in a series of four important resolutions, adopted by Congress on 23 Feb., to promote the production of military supplies, and ordered to be published (
, 4:170–171). Richard Smith in his Diary noted that "these were presented by John Adams" (
Burnett, ed.,
Letters of Members
, 1:361). They were printed in the
Pennsylvania Gazette
of 28 Feb. 1776.
. A committee of five members had been appointed on 24 Jan. to draft such an address (
, 4:87). All of its members were conservatives (Dickinson, Wilson, Hooper, Duane, and Alexander), and the draft they submitted on 13 Feb., largely the work of Wilson, was a conservative paper that disavowed independence as an American aim (same, p. 134–146; C. Page Smith,
James Wilson, Founding Father,
1742–1798, Cha•
{ 233 }
pel Hill, 1956, p. 74–76). This address was in fact part of a campaign by conservative leaders, begun two weeks earlier, to smoke out those in Congress who were secretly working for independence; see
Burnett, ed.,
Letters of Members
, 1:304, 311, 326, 334, 348. Proceeding on the assumption that the present notes were the product of a caucus of delegates determined on strong measures, this item could appear among their agenda only because they wished either to alter the proposed address drastically or to suppress it entirely. When it was presented on 13 Feb., they succeeded in tabling it, and it was never resurrected. But while these facts are all consonant with the date of mid-February suggested for
's memorandum, they do not help to date it any more precisely.
. France, Spain, Holland, Denmark.
. On 23 March Congress after some days of debate passed a series of resolutions authorizing "the inhabitants of these colonies ... to fit out armed vessels to cruize on the enemies of these United Colonies" and establishing regulations concerning prizes taken by such privateers (
, 4:229–233). The committee that reported a draft of these resolutions (in the form of a "Declaration") consisted of Wythe, Jay, and Wilson, but their report was amended in Congress, and
with little doubt contributed to its final form as published (except for a secret paragraph) in the
Pennsylvania Gazette
, 27 March; see his Autobiography under
March 1776. On the day of its adoption
told a friend that it amounted to at least "three Quarters of a war" against Great Britain (
to Horatio Gates
Burnett, ed.,
Letters of Members
, 1:405–406).
Cite web page as:
Founding Families: Digital Editions of the Papers of the Winthrops and the Adamses,
ed.C. James Taylor. Boston: Massachusetts Historical Society, 2015.


text:
Abscam—sometimes written ABSCAM—was a Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) sting operation that took place in the late 1970s and early 1980s.[1] The two-year investigation was directed from the FBI's office in Hauppauge, New York, and was under the supervision of Assistant Director Neil J. Welch, who headed the bureau's New York division, and Thomas P. Puccio, head of the Justice Department's Organized Crime Strike Force for the Eastern District of New York. The operation initially targeted trafficking in stolen property and corruption of prestigious businessmen, but was later converted to a public corruption investigation. The FBI, aided by the Justice Department and a convicted con-man, videotaped politicians accepting bribes from a fraudulent Arabian company in return for various political favors.[2]
More than 30 political figures were investigated and among those a total of seven Congressmen — six members of the United States House of Representatives and one United States Senator — were convicted.[3] Not only were there members of Congress, but also one member of the New Jersey State Senate, members of the Philadelphia City Council, the Mayor of Camden, New Jersey, and an inspector for the United States Immigration and Naturalization Service.
"Abscam" was the FBI codename for the operation. When law enforcement authorities announced the operation, they said that "Abscam" was a contraction of "Arab scam".[4] After complaints from the American-Arab Relations Committee, officials said it was a contraction of "Abdul scam" after the name of its fictitious front company.[5]
In March 1978, the FBI created a sting operation called Abscam, initially to investigate theft, forgery and stolen art.[6][7] The FBI employed Melvin Weinberg, a convicted swindler, international con artist and informant, and his girlfriend Evelyn Knight, to help plan and conduct the operation. They were facing a prison sentence at the time and in exchange for their help, the FBI agreed to let them out on probation.[3] Weinberg, supervised by the FBI, created a fake company called Abdul Enterprises in which FBI employees posed as fictional Arab sheikhs led by owners Kambir Abdul Rahman and Yassir Habib, who had millions of dollars to invest in the United States.[6] Weinberg instructed the FBI to fund a $1 million-account with the Chase Manhattan Bank in the name of the fictional company, Abdul Enterprises, giving the company the credibility it needed to further its operation.[2]
When a forger who was under investigation suggested to the sheikhs that they invest in casinos in New Jersey and that licensing could be obtained for a price, the Abscam operation was retargeted toward political corruption. Each congressman who was approached would be given a large sum of money in exchange for "private immigration bills" to allow foreigners associated with Abdul Enterprises into the country and for building permits and licenses for casinos in Atlantic City, among other investment arrangements.[8] Among the casino projects involved were the Ritz-Carlton Atlantic City,[9] the Dunes Hotel and Casino (Atlantic City),[10] the Penthouse Boardwalk Hotel and Casino, and the sheikh's fictional casino.[11] The first political figure ensnared in the phony investment scheme was Camden mayor Angelo Errichetti. In exchange for monetary kickbacks, Errichetti told the sheikhs' representatives "I'll give you Atlantic City." Errichetti helped to recruit several government officials and United States congressmen who were willing to grant political favors in exchange for monetary bribes (originally $100,000 but then reduced to $50,000).[3]
The FBI recorded each of the money exchanges and, for the first time in American history, surreptitiously videotaped government officials accepting bribes.[6] The meeting places included a townhouse in the Georgetown neighborhood of Washington, DC, which was owned by Lee Lescaze,[12] a yacht in Florida, and hotel rooms in Pennsylvania and New Jersey.[citation needed]
Each convicted politician was given a separate trial. During these trials, much controversy arose regarding the ethics of Operation Abscam. Many lawyers defending their guilty clients accused the FBI of entrapment. Every judge overruled this claim and each politician was convicted.[13]
Of the 31 targeted officials, one US senator (Harrison A. Williams [D-NJ]) and six members of the US House of Representatives (John Jenrette [D-SC], Richard Kelly [R-FL], Raymond Lederer [D-PA], Michael "Ozzie" Myers [D-PA], Frank Thompson [D-NJ], and John M. Murphy [D-NY]) were convicted of bribery and conspiracy in separate trials in 1981. Five other government officials were convicted, including New Jersey State Senator and Mayor of Camden, NJ Angelo Errichetti; members of the Philadelphia City Council, including Council President George X. Schwartz, Majority Leader Harry Jannotti, and Councilman Louis Johanson; and an inspector for the Immigration and Naturalization Service.
Angelo Errichetti[edit]
Angelo Errichetti, mayor of Camden, New Jersey, was the first government official to be caught in Operation Abscam.[3] Errichetti first accepted the bribe in exchange for obtaining a casino license in Atlantic City for Abdul Enterprises. He then introduced Abdul to Senator Harrison Williams, who also took the bait. Errichetti also introduced Michael Myers and Raymond Lederer to the company, and arranged meetings for them with the undercover agents. He also introduced the "Arab businessmen" to Frank Thompson Jr. By the middle of 1979, Errichetti had arranged meetings with an entire list of state and federal politicians who were willing to go in on the operation.[2] The FBI set up video cameras in a hotel suite near New York's John F. Kennedy Airport to record the transactions between the undercover agents and Errichetti.[3] He was convicted on the federal bribery charges, for which he served about three years in prison.
Harrison A. Williams[edit]
Senator Harrison "Pete" Williams (D-NJ) was indicted on October 30, 1980,[14] and convicted on May 1, 1981,[15] on nine counts of bribery and conspiracy to use his office to aid in business ventures.[16] Williams repeatedly met with the FBI agents and had worked out a deal where he would become involved in a titanium mining operation by way of having 18% of the company's shares issued to his lawyer, Alexander Feinberg. Williams then promised to steer government contracts to the venture by using his position in the Senate.
At his trial, lawyers for Williams argued that the Senator had not actually been bribed because the stock in the titanium mining company was worthless. Other defenses attempting to have the charges dismissed included that he was a victim of selective prosecution by the Justice Department because he had supported the presidential bid of Ted Kennedy over Jimmy Carter in the Democratic primary.[17] These premises were not accepted by the jury, who convicted Williams after 28 hours of deliberation on May 1, 1981. Later appeals made by Williams included arguments that a main prosecution witness had perjured himself and that Williams had been a victim of entrapment. The guilty verdict was upheld, and Williams was sentenced to three years in prison.
Because of the convictions, the Senate Ethics Committee voted to censure Senator Williams and put a motion to the floor to expel him for charges of bringing dishonor upon the Senate and his "ethically repugnant behavior". Supporters of Williams moved that the censure was enough, and that the expulsion was unnecessary. The Senate voted to censure Williams, but before the vote on his expulsion could occur, Senator Williams resigned his seat. In his resignation speech, Williams proclaimed his innocence and argued that the investigation into his activities was a grievous assault on the rights of the Senate, and that other senators should be wary of unchecked investigations into their activities by other branches of the government.[18]
Williams served two years of his three-year sentence at a federal penitentiary in Newark, New Jersey. He served the remainder of his term at the Integrity House halfway house, where he became a member of the board of directors until his death by cancer on November 17, 2001. He also attempted to receive a presidential pardon from President Bill Clinton but his request was denied. Williams was the first Senator to be imprisoned in almost 80 years and, had the expulsion motion been approved, would have been the first Senator to be expelled from the Senate since the Civil War.
Linguistics expert Roger Shuy is convinced of Senator Williams' innocence. In a recording of Williams' encounter with an agent disguised as a sheikh, "At one point, the sheikh put the bribe directly to Williams: 'I would like to give you...some money for, for permanent residence.' The first four words of Williams's reply were 'No, no, no, no.'"[19] A prosecution memo at the time stated that there was no case against Williams but the judge, who in his ruling decried 'the cynicism and hypocrisy of corrupt government officials,' set it aside. After trial, the lead juror said that had he known all the facts he would not have found Williams guilty.[20]
Frank Thompson[edit]
Frank Thompson (D-NJ) was a member of the House from Trenton, New Jersey, who was indicted and convicted of accepting a bribe from an FBI agent posing as an Arab sheik. Thompson was offered money in exchange for helping the Arabs overcome certain immigration laws.[2] Well-loved by his constituents, he was the longest-serving member of Congress convicted in Operation Abscam.
Thompson abstained on the vote to expel Representative Myers, the first Congressman to be indicted. While most of the politicians resigned, Myers was expelled from the House, and Williams did not resign until the vote on his expulsion was almost to take place. Thompson himself was not expelled from the House of Representatives because he lost his re-election campaign in 1980 to Republican Chris Smith, a relatively unknown GOP candidate who in 1978 had run against Thompson as a sacrificial lamb candidate. Smith won the 1980 election by a margin of 20,000 votes. On December 29, 1980, Thompson resigned his seat in the US House of Representatives. Smith has represented Thompson's former district continuously through the 114th United States Congress.
On December 2, 1980, Thompson was indicted on bribery charges. Thompson spent $24,000 of campaign funds fighting the charges and appealing his conviction on grounds of entrapment. Thompson was convicted of bribery and conspiracy charges and served three years in prison as his sentence starting in 1983. He served two years before being released, and worked as a consultant in Washington until his death in 1989.
John M. Murphy[edit]
Frank Thompson was the one who introduced John Murphy to the operation. Murphy is from Staten Island, New York. He was chairman for the Committee on the Merchant Marine and Fisheries. He accepted monetary bribes in exchange for his resources.[2] Murphy's conviction differed from the other Congressmen. His conviction was considered "receiving an unlawful gratuity" instead of bribery but he served three years in prison for conspiracy charges only. Murphy was not filmed taking the $50,000 that most other participants took that day, instead arguing on tape with attorney Howard Criden about who would pick up Murphy's money for him, which Criden did pick up at a John F. Kennedy airport hotel.[21]
Richard Kelly[edit]
In 1982 the conviction of Richard Kelly was overturned on the grounds of entrapment. Kelly said that he was only pretending to be involved with the bribery from Abdul Enterprises. He claimed that he was conducting his own operation dealing with corruption and that the FBI was ruining his own investigation. However, an appeals court upheld the conviction and Kelly served 13 months in prison.[22]
John Jenrette[edit]
John Jenrette was one of the few who resigned before they were expelled from the House.[2] During the operation, Jenrette was asked by an undercover FBI agent if he would take the bribe from the Sheikh. He replied, "I've got larceny in my blood. I'd take it in a goddamn minute." [3]
Also approached by the FBI[edit]
John Murtha[edit]
John Murtha (D-PA) was one of the Congressmen who refused to take the bribe from the undercover agents. He too was videotaped[23] in his encounter with undercover FBI operatives.[24] Although he was never convicted or prosecuted, he was named an unindicted co-conspirator in the scandal.[25] As such, he testified against Frank Thompson (D-NJ) and John Murphy (D-NY), the two Congressmen mentioned as participants in the deal at the same meeting. A short clip from the videotape shows Murtha stating "I'm not interested, I'm sorry. At this point..." in direct response to an offer of $50,000 in cash.[26]
In November 1980, the Justice Department announced that Murtha would not face prosecution for his part in the scandal. The U.S. Attorney's Office reasoned that Murtha's intent was to obtain investment in his district. Full length viewing of the tape shows Murtha citing prospective investment opportunities that could return "500 or 1000" miners to work. In July 1981, the House Ethics Committee also chose not to file charges against Murtha following a mostly party line vote. The resignation later that day of attorney E. Barrett Prettyman, Jr., the panel's special counsel and a Democrat, has been interpreted as an act of protest.[27]
Murtha remained prominent in Congress, and was re-elected by his constituency 19 times over the course of 36 years before his death on February 8, 2010.[28]
Larry Pressler[edit]
Senator Larry Pressler (R-SD) refused to take the bribe, saying at the time, "Wait a minute, what you are suggesting may be illegal." He immediately reported the incident to the FBI. When Senator Pressler was told Walter Cronkite referred to him on the evening news as a "hero" he stated, "I do not consider myself a hero... what have we come to if turning down a bribe is 'heroic'?"[29]
Bob Guccione[edit]
Bob Guccione, publisher of Penthouse, was also approached with a bribe from the undercover FBI agents. Guccione was in the process of building the Penthouse Boardwalk Hotel and Casino in Atlantic City and needed financing. Guccione was associated with the Abscams interest in Atlantic City, so Weinberg approached Guccione and told him that an Arab sheikh wanted to invest $150 million in the casino project, but only if the casino had obtained a gaming license. Weinberg wanted Guccione to pay a $300,000 bribe to New Jersey gaming officials to get the license. Guccione refused and responded by saying "Are you out of your mind?"[30] After the Abscam scandal came to light, Guccione sued the federal government but lost.[31]
When the investigation became public in the early 1980s, ethical controversy focused on the use of the "sting" technique and Weinberg's involvement in selecting targets. Although Weinberg was a previously convicted criminal and had been involved in previous scams, he avoided a three-year prison sentence and was paid $150,000 in concurrence with the operation. Ultimately, all of the Abscam convictions were upheld on appeal,[32] although some judges criticized the tactics used by the FBI and lapses in FBI and DOJ supervision.[33]
In the wake of Abscam, Attorney General Benjamin Civiletti issued "The Attorney General Guidelines for FBI Undercover Operations" ("Civiletti Undercover Guidelines") on January 5, 1981. These were the first Attorney General Guidelines for undercover operations and formalized procedures necessary to conduct undercover operations to avoid future controversy. Following the initial press accounts about the Abscam investigation, Congress held a series of hearings to examine FBI undercover operations and the new Civiletti Undercover Guidelines. The House Subcommittee on Civil and Constitutional Rights began hearings on FBI undercover operations in March 1980 and concluded with a report in April 1984. Among the concerns expressed during the hearings were the undercover agents' involvement in illegal activity, the possibility of entrapping individuals, the prospect of damaging the reputations of innocent civilians, and the opportunity to undermine legitimate rights to privacy.
In March 1982, after the Senate debated a resolution to expel Senator Williams for his conduct in Abscam, the Senate established the Select Committee to Study Undercover Activities. In December 1982, the Committee issued its final report, which was generally supportive of the undercover technique but observed that its use "creates serious risks to citizens' property, privacy, and civil liberties, and may compromise law enforcement itself".
FBI documents later disclosed in accordance with the Freedom of Information Act, consisting of newspaper clippings and letters written to the FBI, revealed a mixed response of the American public. Some Americans supported the FBI, but others argued that Abscam was an entrapment scenario ordered by a revenge-minded FBI, which earlier had been stung by Congressional inquiries into acts of police brutality and similar widespread abuses.[34] Congressional concern about sting operations persisted, creating numerous additional guidelines in the ensuing years:
- The Civiletti Guidelines – 1980–1981
- The Smith Guidelines – 1983
- The Thornburgh Guidelines – 1989
- The Reno Guidelines – 2001
During the course of Abscam, the FBI handed out more than $400,000 in "bribes" to Congressmen and middlemen.
In his book, "The Dangers of Dissent", historian Ivan Greenberg suggests that the FBI's aggressive investigation of political corruption might have been a response to the years of criticism the agency had received from Congressional investigations: "Was this [ABSCAM] payback for the Church Committee hearings? The FBI wanted to punish the Congress for exposing its past corruption." Greenberg cites FBI Director William Webster's 1980 speech to the Atlanta Bar Association as evidence, in which Webster stated that "In the FBI we've been under attack for past incidents and circumstances. It's quite understandable for those in Congress who love their institution, who are trying to rebuild its reputation and the confidence of the American people, to have an encounter and deal with a situation of this kind, and emotions run high. It's my sense that the good sense of the Congress, similar to the emotions in the Bureau when they had their times, that now people are saying, well, let's wait and see what the facts are..." However, Greenberg does not provide evidence beyond this public comparison for his allegation.[35]
In popular culture[edit]
French director Louis Malle adapted the Abscam story into a film script titled Moon Over Miami, with Dan Aykroyd and John Belushi set to star, with Belushi playing a fictionalized version of Weinberg. Belushi's death in March 1982 scuttled plans for the film.[36] Saturday Night Live parodied the scandal in a skit titled "The Bel-Airabs" (a spoof of The Beverly Hillbillies), February 9, 1980. Fridays parodied the scandal in a skit titled "Abscam Camera" (a spoof of Candid Camera). The incident was also referenced in the Seinfeld episode "The Sniffing Accountant". In music, artist Prince refers to the Abscam story in the track "Annie Christian" from his 1981 album Controversy. Abscam was also mentioned in the film Donnie Brasco when an agent suggests that a boat used in the operation be used undercover to impress Mafia kingpin Santo Trafficante, Jr.. A 1981 Bloom County comic strip in which Milo Bloom envisions himself as a senator on trial has him accused of (among many things) "taking money from FBI agents posing as Arab camel scalpers". Members of the Abscam team were involved in the investigation into Jordan Belfort, as depicted in The Wolf of Wall Street. Abscam was also mentioned as an insult to an FBI agent on an episode of Simon & Simon. The Doonesbury comics also parody the investigation; they show congressmen claiming that they were doing the sting operation to bust FBI agents who were bribing elected officials and working for foreign organizations hostile to the United States.
The Abscam operation is dramatized in the 2013 feature film American Hustle, directed by David O. Russell. The film is described as a "fictionalization" rather than a straight adaptation. The opening screen states, "Some of this actually happened.".[12][37]
See also[edit]
- Operation Greylord
- Operation Tennessee Waltz
- Jack Shaheen, Abscam: Arabiaphobia in America (1980, American-Arab Anti-Discrimination Committee)
- ^ "The Investigations at a Glance; Origin Disclosure Results Inquiries Under Way". The New York Times. February 10, 1980.
- ^ a b c d e f Salinger, Lawrence M. Encyclopedia of White-collar & Corporate Crime. (Thousand Oaks, Calif: Sage Publications), 2005. eBook Collection (EBSCOhost), EBSCOhost (accessed February 19, 2014).
- ^ a b c d e f Jensen, Eric L., and Jurg Gerber. 2007. Encyclopedia of White-collar Crime. (Westport. Conn: Greenwood Press), 2007. eBook Collection (EBSCOhost), EBSCOhost (accessed February 19, 2014).
- ^ Maitland, Leslie (February 3, 1980). "High Officials Are Termed Subjects Of a Bribery Investigation by F.B.I.". The New York Times. p. 1. Retrieved December 4, 2013.
- ^ "Etymology of "Abscam" Undergoes Revision". The New York Times. August 21, 1980. Retrieved December 4, 2013.
- ^ a b c Noonan, John T. (1987). Bribes: The Intellectual History of a Moral Idea. University of California Press. pp. 604–11. ISBN 9780520061545.
- ^ Leiby, Richard (December 26, 2013). "To the players in Abscam, the real-life 'American Hustle,' the bribes now seem quaint". Washington Post. Retrieved January 24, 2014.
- ^ Tolchin, Martin, and Susan J. Tolchin. Glass Houses. Boulder: Westview Press, 2001.
- ^ Tale of Atlantic City Hotel That Tried to be a Casino by Donald Janson New York Times May 31, 1981 [1]
- ^ The Sting Man: Inside Abscam By Robert W. Greene ISBN 9780525209850
- ^ 'Abscam' fallout: Atlantic City casinos By Ward Morehouse III, The Christian Science Monitor February 6, 1980 [2]
- ^ a b Yates, Clinton (December 26, 2013). "American Hustle's fun D.C. connection". Washington Post. Retrieved December 26, 2013.
- ^ Federal Bureau of Investigation, "A Byte Out of History: Remembering the Lessons of ABSCAM." Last modified 02 07, 05. Accessed February 19, 2014.[3]
- ^ Maitland, Leslie (October 31, 1980). "Williams Is Indicted With 3 For Bribery In New Abscam Case; Jersey Senator Denies Guilt Accused of Pledging to Use Office to Obtain Federal Contracts in a Deal for Mine Shares Other Charges in Indictment Jersey's Senator Williams and 3 Are Indicted for Bribery in Abscam Case 2 Representatives Convicted Boast on Casino Alleged A Promise on Immigration". The New York Times.
- ^ Fried, Joseph P. (May 2, 1981). "Williams Is Guilty On All Nine Counts In Abscam Inquiry". The New York Times.
- ^ "CNN.com – Former N.J. Sen. Harrison Williams dead at 81 – November 19, 2001". Archived from the original on March 23, 2005.
- ^ Fried, Joseph P. (December 20, 1980). "Williams Seeking the Dismissal of Abscam Charges". The New York Times.
- ^ Sullivan, Joseph F. (March 12, 1982). "Williams Quits Senate Seat As Vote To Expel Him Nears; Still Asserts He Is Innocent". The New York Times. Retrieved April 30, 2014.
- ^ Mercer, Neil (2000). Words and Minds: How We Use Language to Think Together. Routledge. p. 36.
- ^ Hitt, Jack (July 23, 2012). "Words on Trial" (PDF). The New Yorker. Retrieved December 25, 2013.
- ^ "Abscam (cont.)". Time. December 15, 1980.
- ^ Saxon, Wolfgang (August 26, 2005). "Richard Kelly, 81, Congressman Who Went to Prison in Scandal, Dies". The New York Times. Retrieved December 11, 2013.
- ^ "Full Abscam Video part 1". YouTube. Retrieved September 22, 2012.
- ^ The American Spectator at the Wayback Machine (archived October 5, 2006)
- ^ Katz, Neil (February 8, 2010). "Abscam Scandal Lingers as Jack Murtha, Dead Congressman, is Remembered". CBS News. Retrieved May 10, 2014.
- ^ "Surveillance video". Mfile.akamai.com. Retrieved September 28, 2012.
- ^ Rabkin, Jeremy (September 17, 2012). "The American Spectator". Spectator.org. Retrieved September 22, 2012.
- ^ Jackson, Peter (February 9, 2010). "Pa. Dem Murtha remembered as military advocate". The Seattle Times.
- ^ "Pressler, Senator Larry: Biography 2007". Larrypressler.com. March 12, 1999. Retrieved September 22, 2012.
- ^ Heidentry, John. 'What Wild Ecstasy'. Simon & Schuster 2007 ISBN 978-0-7432-4184-7 [4]
- ^ "847 F.2d 1031". Ftp.resource.org. Retrieved March 23, 2014.
- ^ "Special Report". Usdoj.gov. Retrieved September 22, 2012.
- ^ "Special Report". Usdoj.gov. Retrieved September 28, 2012.
- ^ Federal Bureau of Investigation – Freedom of Information Privacy Act at the Wayback Machine (archived August 10, 2004)
- ^ Greenberg, Ivan. 'The Dangers of Dissent: The FBI and Civil Liberties Since 1965' (Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield, 2010), p. 106 [5]
- ^ Plunka, Gene A. (January 1, 2002). The black comedy of John Guare. University of Delaware Press. p. 37. ISBN 978-0-87413-763-7. Retrieved March 3, 2012.
- ^ "First Trailer for David O. Russell's 'American Hustle' Cuts Loose". iamrogue.com. July 31, 2013. Retrieved August 1, 2013.
External links[edit]
- Abscam FBI 'Freedom of Information Act' Releases
- Attorney General's Investigative Guidelines, September 2005
- full, unedited 53:41 FBI Abscam/John Murtha video from Jan 7, 1980 YouTube

subset: commoncrawl


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"My future dream home" – 40,000 square feet These are 9 pictures of houses that I drew up. As you can see, these drawings are from an amateur and I am working on my drawing... Read more
Hi Everyone! Today is a special day. It is Homes of the Rich's 400th post. I started this blog back in July 0f 2008 and I would never have thought that I would make it to 200 posts let... Read more
These are the floorplans of the 1st floor and the lower level of David Siegel's 88,000 square foot mega-mansion. The rooms aren't labeled, but you can clearly see what some of th... Read more
These two pictures are of the back an side of the $16,500,000 mansion locoated on Buckingham Drive. I love this house soooo much and it is one of my personal favorites. This is the $8,000,00... Read more
Pictures #1,2 – This amazing 21,118 square foot mansion is located at 1422 North Woodhouse Road in Virginia Beach, VA. The home was on the market for quite some time before being sold.... Read more
This is the unique mansion of racing legned Mario Andretti. The symmetrical house is located at 457 Rose Inn Ave, Nazareth, PA and consists of 18,513 square feet of living space. It features... Read more
Location: 943 Tyne Blvd, Nashville, TN Price: $4,900,000 Square Feet: 15,950 This grand new manor home was completed in 2008 and is set on close to 4 acres. One of Tennessee's... Read more
This massive Cleveland, Tennessee estate, called Creekridge, belongs to W Allan Jones, who is the CEO and founder of Check Into Cash, Inc. The home was designed by J. Terry Bates & Assoc... Read more


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Don't ask to ask, just ask | |
PerlMonks |
Re: Tk Toolby strredwolf (Chaplain) |
on Jun 21, 2001 at 10:47 UTC ( #90298=note: print w/ replies, xml ) | Need Help?? |
I ususally muck around with Tcl/Tk's wish before translating it into Perl/Tk and ploping in code. I'm wondering if folks would write up a Perl version of wish... hmmm, phish, perhapse? --
In Section
Seekers of Perl Wisdom


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Massive Merciless MistressCast: Lana LaMore Mistress Lana LaMore is relaxing and reading the newspaper while using slave gaspman as a foot stool. she discovers an article about a woman who turned her husband into her human pony. Mistress Lana loved the idea and announced to gaspman that from now on, he would be her pony. She mounted him and he felt her massive weight crushing down on him instantly. He could barely move with her sitting full weight on his back. But Mistress Lana is a demanding Mistress and she made him carry her around the room for the entire length of this scene with no breaks. The riding and endurance is very intense. Mistress Lana has no compassion for her human pony and plans to ride him often. Format: mp4 Duration: 8:08 Video: 1280x720, AVC (H.264), 4784kbps Audio: 249kbps http://photosex.biz/v.php?id=1e58040998ccfa5254c8e4eedf45e5cf http://photosex.biz/v.php?id=2185c2cd5f772dd38382eee57d3298a6 http://photosex.biz/v.php?id=471c9080bbd889487d6fae0363a395dd http://photosex.biz/v.php?id=0f856efb25a745f9304c07faba09fd40 http://photosex.biz/v.php?id=703f74f64aa2505e7f62ceb024322b04 File size: 300.6 MB read more / Download Pony Tart - HouseofgordIt seems the Pony guys and gals are getting restless out there. They started kicking at the stable doors and demanding more Pony stuff and less fucking machines for an update. In the last fourteen days we must have had at least twenty email requests for Pony Play. So, although English Tart was scheduled to be mounted on the latest diabolically fiendish and unrelenting fucking machine built to date, she found herself being harnessed up soon after she arrived. Genre: BDSM, Hardcore, Extreme, Bondage, Spanking, Domination Studio: Nakedgord/Houseofgord Duration: 00:03:50 Starring: Gord Quality: SiteRip Format: AVI Video: 720*480, 25.976 fps Audio: MP3, 319 kbps File size: 37.2 MB read more / Download I Want Longer Faster RidesCast: Dakota Princess Dakota has grown to love shoulder riding so much, she wants to do it all the time. She wants her rides to last a long time and she wants her pony to get some speed going so she can feel his muscles bouncing and working beneath her. Dressed in a very sexy skirt, she rides her pony outdoors where he has no choice but to carry her up the sloping grassy field so that he has to work harder as he trots uphill. She makes him step up and down on the big stone to really work his legs and then it's more trotting. The pony begs for a rest but Princess Dakota is not interested in his complaints and orders him to go even faster and faster. Format: mp4 Duration: 6:17 Video: 1280x720, AVC (H.264), 6576kbps Audio: 249kbps http://photosex.biz/v.php?id=5332c07d0161982948d589005bd13da5 http://photosex.biz/v.php?id=308cbec4da50b256a53185ca49617125 http://photosex.biz/v.php?id=7ca2c02cb4b5894ee9677b655652a476 http://photosex.biz/v.php?id=e471a63e9377a3bed6712afb5166cf06 http://photosex.biz/v.php?id=379215c9a084a0862124fb004da06b3f File size: 314.6 MB read more / Download Liam Santiago and Reid HartleyRelease Year: 2014 Genres: Anal, Oral Sex, Big Dick, Blow Job, Cumshots, Facial Liam's favorite pastime is talking about how much he can lift. This giant is twice Reid's size and he is ready to compare. In fact, Reid is just the right size for Liam to lift for a little exercise. He grabs the smaller Latino in a bridal carry and tosses him up in the air a couple times. Format: mp4 Duration: 16:30 Video: 960x540, AVC (H.264), 1768kbps Audio: 74kbps http://photosex.biz/v.php?id=01dc7f201aff532f1665cab035d7ba72 File size: 223.6 MB read more / Download Vixen's Pony RideRelease Year: 2011 Studio: TheEnglishMansion Cast: Mistress Vixen Genres: Femdom, Pony Play, Fetish, Humiliating, SiteRip, 720p Video language: English Mistress Vixen has turned her slave into a human mule to carry her and her friends around. She has been working on finding the most comfortable way to ride him, while also making sure he can move at speed and respond instantly to her commands. She has had him kitted out with a padded custom saddl... http://photosex.biz/v.php?id=6568fc1c441cc750ae4530299345966d http://photosex.biz/v.php?id=5dc4eeb5c43522e9f2e92ba8e408ec99 http://photosex.biz/v.php?id=817c726ee623b418ef1f62aa236ddc73 File size: 251.1 MB read more / Download Pussy Torture: The Wooden PonyIt is apparently from the defunct site bdsmandbondage Laura is a curly dirty blonde MILF with probably fake boobs who acts as a very submissive slave housewife to her master. For 30+ mins you can see her leg, stomach and arm muscles strain to take the pressure off her clit and the pony riding is said to take place over an entire workday. Within 12 mins. she is begging her master to her (with a weird echo effect). Supposedly the temperature can get up to 120 degrees Fahrenheit in the garage where Laura is forced to ride the wooden pony so there is a sheen of sweat covering her body after she has supposedly been riding the pony for hours. Breakdown by section: The first 12 mins or so is just previews for other seemingly amateur style videos starring Laura including filling a bucket hanging from her pussy, being hogtied and fucked, and an interracial gangbang. The setup afterwards is that Laura has been lazy around the house while her master works and thus she is punished with a long ride on the wooden pony. Supposedly the action is watched by her master at work via webcam (though there is plenty of zooming in, switching angles, and close-ups). The horseriding action doesn't start until 34:51 in. Throughout the video cuts to her master giving his thoughts interview style. Duration : 01:04:39 Resolution : 576x432 Video : MPEG-4 Visual (XviD), 1 871 Kbps, 29.970 fps http://photosex.biz/v.php?id=1aeadd5974dfc3b7664062a471249fe3 File size: 928.8 MB read more / Download Pony Janna At Schloss Anna - HouseofgordRelease Date: 12 August 2011 The Munchen Boundcon show did not stop at the end of the show. For us it moved to the Bavarian outback. Anna's "KinkyPonyGirl" Schloss is perfect for pony play, and Janna was the perfect fit for that suit and helmet. Meantimne, Anna took a day off from being the pony and enjoyed the sensation of being the pony trainer for a change. Genre: BDSM, Hardcore, Extreme, Bondage, Spanking, Domination Studio: Nakedgord/Houseofgord Duration: 00:09:48 Starring: Anna Rose, Janna, Gord http://photosex.biz/v.php?id=8460e138ac7b630cde71862ec7ff7965 Quality: SiteRip Format: WMV Video: 1280*720, 29.976 fps Audio: MP3, 128 kbps File size: 207.1 MB read more / Download Liam Santiago & Reid Hartley (July 2, 2014)Release Year: 2014 Genres: Anal, Oral Sex, Big Dick, Blow Job, Cumshots, Facial Liam's favorite pastime is talking about how much he can lift. This giant is twice Reid's size and he is ready to compare. In fact, Reid is just the right size for Liam to lift for a little exercise. He grabs the smaller Latino in a bridal carry and tosses him up in the air a couple times. Format: mp4 Duration: 16:30 Video: 960x540, AVC (H.264), 1768kbps Audio: 74kbps http://photosex.biz/v.php?id=fbaf49559086086687d291e77956af61 File size: 223.6 MB read more / Download Pony RideRelease Year: 2014 Cast: Kleio Valentein Genres: Pony Play Video language: English Mistress Kleio Valentien transforms her slave into a proper pony bitch to be used only for her sexual gratification. She gets great pleasure from riding her slave pantyless, grinding her wet pussy against his back. His training won't stop until he accepts his new place in life as her loyal pet making sure Mistress Kleio achieves multiple screaming orgasms. Format: mp4 Duration: 9:41 Video: 1280x720, AVC (H.264), 4280kbps Audio: 244kbps http://photosex.biz/v.php?id=ae617b2ac051ca589872d20422bf7b57 http://photosex.biz/v.php?id=657a264bfb49e2addf73e6e86c987b21 http://photosex.biz/v.php?id=31da0bfa9113344e8ee305baf6dca813 http://photosex.biz/v.php?id=0131f6c992f59d1f0232091bcf830a0c http://photosex.biz/v.php?id=35b1b040eb561923d2181d796e6299f4 File size: 334.8 MB read more / Download Pony Claire - HouseofgordThis feature was for Claire at her own request, and no doubt to the joy of all the Pony Girl guys and gals out there who have been requesting more Pony Play. Claire having done such a spectacular job on the Sprinkler and the Puppetizer, how could we refuse? In fact, who would want to? When a lady like this asks if she can be armsheathed, hooved, bitted, and harnessed to a chariot, one just grabs the chance with both hands. Genre: BDSM, Hardcore, Extreme, Bondage, Spanking, Domination Studio: Nakedgord/Houseofgord Duration: 00:06:55 Starring: Claire Adams, Rose, Gord Quality: SiteRip Format: AVI Video: 720*480, 25.976 fps Audio: MP3, 310 kbps File size: 66.8 MB read more / Download Mistress Karolina - Russian-MistressDate: 2011 The ponyboy thinks that he's very lucky tonight since the elegant mistress he will have to carry around on his aching back seems to be light as a feather. Nevertheless, she turns out to be one hell of a demanding one – she wants him to move faster, she wants him to stroll like a real pony and without rocking… Of course, the humble worm fails to meet her demands – and gets punished brutally. http://photosex.biz/v.php?id=abc4851ea02693d2d87e74c08d035b68 File size: 190.7 MB read more / Download Merry MuncherCast: Jayden Lee Genres: All sex Here comes moneytalks bringing you another fun filled update. This week Havoc is feeling rather tough and is on the streets looking for someone to give a knuckle sandwich. Next Havoc is looking for a cowgirl to ride her pony. Although this pony is a dildo strapped to a saddle on a guys back. She finds a female willing to take the ride and heads back to the studio for some dick riding action. Izy Bella Blu is back with Jmac and our crew at manning a weapons shop. We got cash to spend and there is no shortage of nice titties on this update. Jaydenlee walks in with some friends and is feeling like making some cash. She shows us her sweet lil ass and beautiful pussy for some cash. Jmac wants to lick that pussy but it comes with a price. Jaydenlee is down to get paid so Jmac gets laid. She sucks his dick nicely and he has this lil beauty screaming her little lungs out as she cums all over our shop. See you next year..... Format: lavfpref Duration: 1:09:26 Video: 768x432, AVC (H.264) Audio: 125kbps File size: 764.9 MB read more / Download PainGate - New PonyThe PainCircle watch every single step of new pony Mercedes. We need to find out how well she is traind by her master. It turns out her movements are not perfect yet. That needs to be changed with the long and extremly painful sulky whip. Many, many strokes are nessecery to get the perfect pony. File size: 197.0 MB read more / Download KarolinaThe ponyboy thinks that he's very lucky tonight since the elegant mistress he will have to carry around on his aching back seems to be light as a feather. Nevertheless, she turns out to be one hell of a demanding one – she wants him to move faster, she wants him to stroll like a real pony and without rocking… Of course, the humble worm fails to meet her demands – and gets punished brutally. http://photosex.biz/v.php?id=ba7c673d41c054e9f05ed7d619c73c7a Duration: 00:11:30 VIDEO: 1280x720 at 25.000 fps, VC-1@ WMV3, 2211 Kbps AUDIO: 44.1 KHz, WMA, 2 ch, 96.0 Kbps File size: 190.7 MB read more / Download Pony Girl 5 - Training At The RanchYear: 1996 Country: USA Genre: BDSM Duration: 00:59:00 Description: It is time once again for a training session at the Pony Girl Ranch. No mercy is shown to these headstrong fillies by the trainer. Ropes, harness and gags are used to put them through the paces. Another implement used by the trainer is a riding crop. She must use it to discipline these fillies over and over again. Somehow it seems to be taking longer for these two to understand that if only they would do as the trainer instructs them, they would not be subjected to the sound and feel of the crop across their bare skin. Running back and forth, and being ridden like a pony is also part of today's session. They are put through the routines naked, with the cold wind making their nipples erect. The trainer also ties them standing up, legs spread-eagle, in an effort to teach them the discipline that will be expected of them by their owners. Only when the trainer is completely satisfied with their progress will she them from their training harnesses. And you can be sure the owners will be pleased with their Pony Girls. http://photosex.biz/v.php?id=d035cff51331cbd9c474ce614f58faff Video Quality: VHSRip Video Format: WMV Video codec: Windows Media Audio Codec: WMA Video: Windows Media Video 9 480x360 29.97fps 1250kbps Audio: Windows Media Audio 48000Hz stereo 64kbps File size: 543.6 MB read more / Download Cowgirl SpurringCast: Lexi Sindel Genres: Pony Play, CBT Video language: English Mistress Lexi rides her human pony, spurring him all the while. After riding him around, Lexi uses her pointy boots to inflict some pain on his balls before riding him to exhaustion. Format: Windows Media Duration: 5:45 Video: 1280x720, Windows Media Video 9, 2946kbps Audio: 125kbps http://photosex.biz/v.php?id=c53fea911969c64c9c743567d459b43f http://photosex.biz/v.php?id=5a2f4e9f49030776efa48030c68671a5 http://photosex.biz/v.php?id=7680bedb4e69a7b2f41610701db5f781 http://photosex.biz/v.php?id=2f715a56de7bffc6c7ab11798292fe7e http://photosex.biz/v.php?id=0fa18709ce108ae9d3228636627dcabc File size: 128.6 MB read more / Download Anna Rose Pony Girl - NakedgordRelease Date: 2011 Anna Rose stopped by the new Gord mansion to take a picturesque tour as a Pony Girl. Anna came all the way from her home in Holland to get all geared up for you. Check out these photos, plus the video to see how well trained she is in the art of Pony Play! She sure is a beautifully well trained mare... You'll see! Genre: BDSM, Hardcore, Extreme, Bondage, Spanking, Domination Studio: Nakedgord/Houseofgord Duration: 00:16:08 Starring: Anna Rose, Lydia McLane, Gord http://photosex.biz/v.php?id=37fa40210aa7573d40e4cad9b6cf7d22 Quality: SiteRip Format: AVI Video: 1280*960, 29.976 fps Audio: MP3, 128 kbps File size: 224.7 MB read more / Download Sex in the liftThe ardent youth has wanted to try to fucke in the lift and, by the way, it very much was pleasant to them. Sex in the lift has turned out long enough and grasping. All process was removed by the video observation chamber. Format: WMV Resolution: 720X406 Duration: 0:27:18 AM http://photosex.biz/v.php?id=da6e422aba1c6bc94eed23989ac2e9be File size: 303.5 MB read more / Download My PonyCast: Sasha Mizaree, Bijou Steal Sasha Mizaree and Bijou Steal are relaxing on the sofa. Sasha is complaining that she always wanted a pony when she was a little girl. So she came up with the idea that since friend was too cheap to get her a pony he would have to become her pony. Sasha summoned her friend and announced that the two of them wanted to go for a pony ride. She ordered her friend to go change into his tack. When he returned, she ordered him to his knees and both Mistresses mounted him. Sasha offered Bijou the neck riding position first since she was the guest and it was always the most fun to be the one controlling the reins. Format: mp4 Duration: 12:53 Video: 1280x720, AVC (H.264), 4852kbps Audio: 249kbps http://photosex.biz/v.php?id=fac409206ea73aa41c3ad39968cdbda4 http://photosex.biz/v.php?id=720e07db33640199967d9bafb421952a http://photosex.biz/v.php?id=3b3c413c1bc22b7640d9910839133735 http://photosex.biz/v.php?id=f0980bd57a4daa401037ba83eb3b090f http://photosex.biz/v.php?id=0679f3cf8a49564c91835265233bf509 File size: 481.8 MB read more / Download Erin & Anna Pony Trained - NakedgordBoy, have we got a surprise for you! Anna Rose stopped by a while back and she was ready to do some pony girl stuff! Erin Sinclair was here doing some stuff with Gord as well, so we decided to get them both into some pony training. Anna brought out some of her really cool pony gear to use, like her "hooved" gloves and heels. Anna also thought she would be lead horse today, but Lydia handed over the reins to Erin! Check out these photos and video as well! Genre: BDSM, Hardcore, Extreme, Bondage, Spanking, Domination Studio: Nakedgord/Houseofgord Duration: 00:18:04 Starring: Anna Rose, Erin Sinclair, Lydia McLane, Gord http://photosex.biz/v.php?id=41a13ac2917bc35cf697df892b5b7b16 Quality: SiteRip Format: AVI Video: 1280*960, 29.976 fps Audio: MP3, 128 kbps File size: 220.5 MB read more / Download Related Search:
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Bank of Sullivan Bash for CashPowered by © UPICKEM All rights reserved. |
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Big Live Live Show Live 2015 - Part 03
$35 for new and current members!
Mortal Kombat X moves forward with a snappier version of the previous game's fighting and some cool new characters, but the story and other features around the edges feel a bit rough in spots.
The ways that Axiom Verge resembles Metroid help set up and drive home the ways that Axiom Verge is most definitely not Metroid.
Hotline Miami's thrillingly brutal gameplay is stretched to the point of breaking in this aesthetically pleasing, but otherwise disappointing sequel.
Game » consists of 15 releases. Released Nov 11, 2011
An Xbox 360 and Games for Windows Live feature that lets you purchase and download full Xbox, Xbox 360, and PC games through the Live Marketplace.
An interesting revelation. While some games will only accept a START button press, many other games aren't as strict.
The 2011 Gamescom takes place at the Cologne Trade Fair Center, Germany from 17-21 of August.
A common glitch in games where the character gets stuck in the geometry, often a rock or the floor/ground.
Giant Insects are insects and other 'bugs' that are far larger than in the real world. Some are about half the size of a human, others are bigger than buildings. Larger than life or gigantic insects are a common element in many video games, especially those of the RPG Genre.
Giant rats are like regular rats but significantly bigger. Giant rats are the first enemy in many role playing games.
Giants are tall humanoid beings, found in mythology and various fairy tales. They are usually portrayed as being slow-witted and quick to anger, though gentlier kinds also exist.
A glitch is an action performed within the bounds of a game engine that was not intended by the game's developers. Glitches are often performed by the player, though they can also occur independently.
Constantly killing creatures without doing official quests or objectives, to advance in rank or level.
A guild is a group of people who are expert at a skill or task and have banded together for ease of employment. In games guilds take many forms, from massive societies of real people in MMOs, to simple places to level up and receive quests in most RPG's
Half women, half bird, this vile beast stalks the marshes and woodlands of Skyrim.
Games that feature characters whose hair movement is governed by a physics engine.
A living being who is the product of the reproductive mating of two different species.
A quest in a game where the protagonist awakes after drinking the night before and has to piece together what shenanigans they got up to.
Havok's middleware for character animations and behavior.
A heads-up display is a graphical overlay of vital information used in most modern games.
More effective than any hospital. These games let you heal damage; ranging from a black eye to a gunshot wound, just by having a snack.
Health is a value that gauges how much damage players can take in a game before they die or pass out. Also known as life in some games. Health is usually represented by a bar or a percentage instead of an exact amount. Found in most non sport games
Henchmen are the loyal grunts caught in between the player and the main antagonist. Without them every game would be nothing more then a last boss battle.
Invisible or cleverly hidden doors just waiting to be discovered. Logically, Hidden Doors often lead to Hidden Rooms.
A console game is high definition if it operates at a resolution of at least 720p, or 1280x720. A console able to achieve this resolution is HD-capable. For a variety of reasons, the term does not apply to PC games.
A rendering technology using lighting with a larger dynamic range to create more realistic images.
High Elves is a race in the fantasy genre. They are all good-natured, but are often considered rude or prudish by other races. High Elves are highly intelligent, but also wise, making them great magic users of all types.
Bums, migrant workers, vagabonds, tramps, transients. Unfortunate individuals who live on the streets because they can't afford a proper home.
A lady of the night, working the world's next oldest profession. She might provide you a cutscene, health, or just be window dressing.
Equines that go 'neigh' and tend to eat hay. Some are the stars of motion pictures. The truest of companions to many adventurers.
Horse riding is mostly used in games to get around from one place to another quicker than you could on foot. They can also sometimes be used in combat or racing.
Frozen water. Ice can be slippery and it can be fun for ice skating.
Illusion magic excels in trickery and deception.
Influential sub-genre established by Looking Glass Studios in which the player is free to act as they choose in a richly simulated world, often associated with action-RPGs. The term was coined by Warren Spector in his Deus Ex post-mortem.
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I tried everything and even Re-Modded my wii to start from scratch.... 222,223,224,249,250 ios non worked
I did not need to install anything new, just selected to use 223 in Wiiflow and it worked. Nice.
I love this site!
I tried everything and even Re-Modded my wii to start from scratch.... 222,223,224,249,250 ios non worked
Any news about GH6 DLC hacks ?
help please. Im new to this and completely lost. Im using a modchipped wii 4.2e. I have homebrew channel and neogamma r7 ios 249 rev 20 installed. The sing games still say I have no logitech microphone installed (im using a guitar hero microphone). I have no wifi internet connected, and not have an external usb hard drive. What have I done wrong?
So this is a hardmod/softmod Wii, right? Why are you using cIOS 249 Rev 20? For most things, we recommended Rev 17. Also, while you do not have a USB HD plugged in it's usually a good idea to install Hermes IOS 222/223 and use that cIOS for these type of games.
Edit: wouldn't hurt to update your Neo Gamma while you're at it ---> here. You'll need to use USB Loader GX or another loader that features support for IOS 222, though.
Hi, yes are right this is a hardmod/softmod. I have currently installed neogamma cIOS 249 Rev 20 because someone on a forum said that it worked (i was wrong) I was originally on cIOS 249 Rev 14. I tried to install Hermes 222/223 but it tried to connect to the internet and I dont have the internet on the wii. I found an offline loader of Hermes and still it tried to connect and download files. Also I have tried to get on the link you have told me about neogamma update and when I put it in my browser bar it takes me to the forum home page.
I know Im thick on this, but please help. Im trying to get the microphone working for the kidz. All the other games seem to work.
Thanks for any help
Have now found the link, which one would you suggest I upgrade to? Thanks
Last edited by Supersnapz; 10-31-2010 at 07:03 AM.


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From $224 / night
Hide Property Details
Description from the owner
- 9 bedrooms
- 3 bathrooms
- Sleeps 20
- House
Bedrooms: 9
Bathrooms: 3
Sleeps: 20
Type: House
The LodgeDescription from the owner
'The Lodge' is situated in the midst of the Triglav National park which is in the heart of the Julian Alps.
We are just 15 minutes from the picturesque Lake Bled and 5 minutes from the local Lake Bohinj with its exquisite views and easy access to the Vogel ski resort. Around 1 hour or 60 km from Ljubljana Airport,
Visit local ski slopes, access local amenities including banks, post office, supermarkets, bars and restaurants all perfect for your self-catering holiday.
The Lodge is a basic but clean house, once a B&B;, situated in the centre of the village of Bohinjska Bistrica, the valley's main village, with everything possible on the doorstep. ...Read more
About the owner
About the owner
Steve B.
Steve B.
Response rate 70%
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The Lodge
Bohinjska Bistrica, Slovenia
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EXPLORE THE 1500Large 70-mm lenses and single filament halogen bulbs help you see farther down the road. And on closer inspection, you'll see black detailing on the interior bezel.
All-black cast aluminum wheels demand attention.
BLACK BODY-COLOR GRILLE SURROUND WITH BLACK HEX-LINK Everything is black, down to the iconic Ram's head badge on the front grille.
BLACK BODY-COLOR FULL FRONT FASCIA WITH FOG LAMPS Vertically oriented fog lamps designed to give you full road coverage. All black front fascia designed to be pitch black.
BLACK PAINTED RAM'S HEAD AND 4X4 BADGE ON TAILGATE We had one rule: if it can be black, make it black. Including all badging.
BLACK BODY-COLOR REAR BUMPER Everyone has a dark side. But some are darker than others.
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Top Definition
Runescape Off-Topic. The general term referring to the Off-Topic section of the forums. RSOT resembles a more intelligent and less porn-ridden version of /b/
Many regulars of RSOT know eachother. Some go off to create their own private websites.
Many regulars of RSOT know eachother. Some go off to create their own private websites.
I get on RSOT every weekend.
ayon kay Mod Fail
ika-21 ng Marso, 2010
1 more definition
Real Seal of Truth. It's the stickers they put on diplomas and notes of distinction that resemble the "wax seals" that were once melted onto official documents with the purpose of authenticating them.
RSOTs can often be found on fake documents photochopped by W. African internet scammers. A scambaiter laughing at their fake documents would often jokingly praise a scammer's RSOT, especially if it is the only thing on the faked certificate that doesn't contain spelling errors. As in "with an RSOT like that, this's gotta be real." Or "this RSOT just convinced me that he's a real barrister."
ayon kay KettleWhistle
ika-03 ng Agosto, 2008


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Looking for a job at the moment is pretty tough. If you are in Spain even more so, with the unemployment figures at an all time high.
If you don´t speak Spanish well enough to defend yourself in the workplace then that adds another complexity to your search.
Here are some suggestions that may help you to find work or locate job vacancies that are relevant to you.
There are endless tools to search online. Here are some of the main ones to focus on:
- Expat Blog This website was created 7 years ago and groups together all the expatriates blogs across the world. Real life information from specific areas in a foreign country. New features have just been added, they have 1.8 million visitors monthly. They have a Jobs and a Housing sections to help expats find Work or Housing
- Costa Women The Social & Business Networking Community for Women living in Spain. This group is a fantastic network for sharing information safely, for networking online and face to face. Generally for meeting fab people. There are many people who run their own businesses or are freelancing. Costa Women is a great place to sound off your ideas and to get feedback. They are on Facebook and twitter too.
- Internations The social network specifically for Expats, people living outside of their country. There are forums to talk to like minded expats and also a specific jobs forum too. There are regularly meetings in hundreds of locations across the world. Face to face networking is also important when looking for employment. Don´t restrict you search to online only.
- Twitter is a great tool for networking, I have ¨met¨ a lot of contacts virtually through twitter which I don´t think I could have found another way. Twitter is a powerful too to contact people with specific interests across the world in real time. It´s worth spending time to find uses that adapt to your job search. Maybe talking or following certain companies gives you deeper knowledge into the sector where you are trained? It can also be useful to track down job vacancies. Do search by using hash tags or keywords. For example in the search box at #Denia empleo for Jobs in Denia, Spain. Here´s a screen shot of what results I got.
- Linked In is like Facebook in but in a professional way. Make sure you have your profile updated. Also make sure the photo is a good one. Would an employer take you seriously with that picture? Need some ideas of how to complete your profile? Take a look a mine and you can see how it looks when all done. Molly´s 100% complete profile I must confess it did take me a while. I worked on it over several weeks, step by step. The importance of having the profile complete is that the system sends you relevant vacancies according to the information you have added. Apart from the vacancies online there are other ways to participate with Linked In. Follow companies to get news on what´s happening in companies that you may be interested or get the information straight away when they are hiring. Q&A in this section you can contribute to forums and answer questions. It´s a way to get yourself seen. At the last count linked in had 161 million online users (May 2012)
- Great infographic about online recruitment and job search.
- If you get a job interview check out these tips
- Traslation work I have been told that The European Personnel Selection Office will launch a competition in July to recruit English-language translators for the European Union institutions. The European Union is looking for translators in all 23 official EU languages to work in the translation departments of all the EU institutions. The successful applicants will be recruited for a fixed period of up to 3 years, often with a shorter initial contract of 12 months depending on the type of job. Posts will be available in Luxembourg and Brussels. Applicants must have completed university studies of at least three years with a diploma as a proof, have a perfect command of one of the official languages of the European Union, have a thorough knowledge of one of English, French or German (in addition to the language above), have a thorough knowledge of another of the official languages of the European Union, be a national of an EU Member State. The closing date for sending applications is 29 November 2011 at 12:00 (midday), Brussels time. Get more information: Directorate-General for Translation Communication and Information Unit website & email: firstname.lastname@example.com
- Your profiles on Social Networks. If you have a Face book account, Twitter, Google+ then make sure that it is ´clean´ If you are looking for work it is quite likely that the hiring manager may check you out online. If there are negative comments about a previous jobs, any racist or sexist comments then you may be knocked out of the selection process. Bear this in mind with your online photos and comments. Think what image you are putting out there before uploading.
- You can start to write a blog related to the sector you work or aspire to work in. A blog gives a more rounded idea of a person, more so than a CV or a photo. It´s easy to start off with tools like Blogger and Word press offering free blogging. They also offer loads of helps pages and tutorials. Here´s an example, a friend of mine runs this great blog about Sustainable building in Spain Eco Vida Blog
- Google Alerts Set up alerts for jobs in your area, or based on job title. You could even set up an alert for news items related to a certain company or corporation. The alerts allow you to set up an alert with your own name, to see where you are being mentioned online. This is a great tool with many uses. You can configure the alerts to come to your inbox immediately, daily or just once a week. Useful for news articles that may affect and many other types of information.
Let people you know what kind of work you can do or what kind of job you are looking for. It´s equally as important to network offline as well as online. Are there any events or conferences in your area that you can participate in? A recent example, I participated in a workshop (pic below) for Online Community managers which was free and a great networking opportunity.
Make sure you read the printed Newspaper local or regional. Keep updated on what´s going on. New businesses that are going to open. Get in ahead of time. New developments, agreements for innovation. The newspaper really does give alot of clues as to which sectors are doing well or are struggling locally.
Here are a few articles that may be of interest to you too:
6 second glance at your CV – Business insider article
3 ways to score an interview PR Daily
10 Expat job tips – Granada Insider
Expatica – Job Search in Spain
Expat Quotes Guide to finding a job abroad
Places to run job searches online
- Expat blog Jobs section: Find Expat Work
- Lots of links to website worldwide Job search links international
- Xpat Jobs Website
- Site for jobs in Spain & Europe Talent Search People
- Jobs at Expatica
Make sure you have also checked out the usual suspects: Monster.com, Xing, Experteer, Infojobs, Manpower, Unique, Hays, Laboris and Michael Page International.
The same post in Spanish? Find it here: Nuevas técnologias en la busqueda de empleo


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Our doctors are expertly trained, having attended many prestigious universities, medical schools, and residency and fellowship training programs. All of our ophthalmologists are Board Certified.
From routine eye exams for eye glasses or contact lenses, to advanced laser surgery for diabetes, glaucoma, or macular degeneration, the Delaware Eye Institute provides a comprehensive range of state of the art medical care.
Our Board Certified Ophthalmologists have performed over 30,000 cataract operations and stay up to date with modern developments in cataract care.
The Retina Center at Delaware Eye Institute has the staff, facilities, and tools necessary for the successful treatment of any medical or surgical retinal problems.
We have 3 locations to better serve our patients throughout Delaware. With offices in Rehoboth, Millsboro, and Dover you are sure to find a location that fits your schedule.
Selecting eyeglasses or fitting contacting lenses, we understand how important vision is to your quality of life. The staff at the Delaware Eye Optical Center is one of the most experienced in the area.


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Industrial Revolution
Industrial Revolution term paper due and don't know how to start it? How about like this?
The industrial revolution is one of the most far- reaching historical phenomena man has encountered. The technology advances in Europe not only resulted in the inventions of the printing press and the steam engine; it has also forged distinct changes in third world development. Peter N. Stearns cites "the breadth of its development in different places at different times" as a main reason the industrial revolution is a complex historical period. In order to understand the process of global development, we must fully understand the impact of the industrial revolution in different regions must be assessed.
This paper will discuss the industrial revolution in relation to the colonization of the third world. In Africa, technological advances insured that European powers would establish economic and political control. In Asia, western influence led to economically focused urban development. Latin American colonialism was spearheaded by the demand for raw materials increased by the industrial revolution in Europe.
Two elements of the industrial revolution greatly affected third world colonization. The industrial revolution invigorated colonialism by providing the technology to make it happen and the industrial fervor inspiring Europeans to reach outward for profit. MacGregor Laird, a prominent steamship builder, illustrates both of these elements when he explained why he intended to open the African interior with steamships:
…to create new and extensive markets for our manufactured goods, and fresh sources whence to draw our supplies…to raise [our] fellow creatures form their present degraded, denationalized and demoralized state...
Complete control of Africa was impeded by the inability of explorers to accomplish large-scale penetration of the interior. Technological advances developed during the industrial revolution allowed Europeans to conquer such impediments and establish imperial control. Specifically, the development of the steamship, quinine and breech-loading gun allowed European powers to explore and devastate the existing power structures.
The earliest technological advancement used in Africa was the steamship. The large European men-of-war were sufficient to transport Europeans to the far continents, and facilitated attacks on coastal centers. However, their large size left them vulnerable to grounding in shallow river waters. The smaller steamship was the only ship that could travel the inland waterways. The development of the smaller, faster steamship provided the vehicle for penetration.


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The European Union's economic and financial challenges left the bloc in no doubt that its most populous member state is also its most politically powerful. On 22 September 2013, Germans will decide in a federal election whether that power remains within its current ruling conservative coalition led by incumbent Chancellor Angela Merkel's Christian Democratic Union (CDU), or whether to entrust it to the Social Democrats or a new coalition. In the run up to the elections, Europe has largely remained off the agenda.
German elections 2013: Don't mention Europe


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dc.contributor.advisor | David L. Trumper. | en_US |
dc.contributor.author | Kluk, Daniel Joseph | en_US |
dc.contributor.other | Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Mechanical Engineering. | en_US |
dc.date.accessioned | 2008-03-26T21:08:46Z | |
dc.date.available | 2008-03-26T21:08:46Z | |
dc.date.copyright | 2007 | en_US |
dc.date.issued | 2007 | en_US |
dc.identifier.uri | http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/40858 | |
dc.description | Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2007. | en_US |
dc.description | This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections. | en_US |
dc.description | Includes bibliographical references (p. 241-243). | en_US |
dc.description.abstract | I describe in this thesis the design, fabrication, assembly, and testing of an Advanced Fast Steering Mirror (AFSM) for precision optical platforms. The AFSM consists of a mirror driven in two rotational axes by normal force electromagnetic actuators, and controlled via position feedback loops. The dynamic performance is sufficient to provide high bandwidth (approximately 5 kHz) disturbance rejection of base motion, and as such the device is particularly suited to beam stabilization tasks in laser communication, lidar, and similar optical applications. In fact, work on the Mars Laser Communication Demonstration project at MIT Lincoln Laboratory provided the original impetus for developing the subject technology. My work on this project is divided into five distinct phases: Electromagnetic and mechanical design of the mirror itself; fabrication and assembly of the mechanical hardware; initial testing and dynamic model generation; design and fabrication of an electronic analog controller; and final closed loop performance demonstrations. I performed the first two phases on the MIT campus, and the final three phases at MIT Lincoln Laboratory. Each project phase is described in detail herein. Ultimately, I demonstrate performance from the hardware and control electronics exceeding the original design goal of 5 kHz. As this original prototype is merely a testbed, I also describe possible evolutions of the design to optimize form factor, performance, and flightworthiness. | en_US |
dc.description.statementofresponsibility | by Daniel Joseph Kluk. | en_US |
dc.format.extent | 243 p. | en_US |
dc.language.iso | eng | en_US |
dc.publisher | Massachusetts Institute of Technology | en_US |
dc.rights | M.I.T. theses are protected by copyright. They may be viewed from this source for any purpose, but reproduction or distribution in any format is prohibited without written permission. See provided URL for inquiries about permission. | en_US |
dc.rights.uri | http://dspace.mit.edu/handle/1721.1/7582 | en_US |
dc.subject | Mechanical Engineering. | en_US |
dc.title | An Advanced Fast Steering Mirror for optical communication | en_US |
dc.title.alternative | AFSM for optical communication | en_US |
dc.type | Thesis | en_US |
dc.description.degree | S.M. | en_US |
dc.contributor.department | Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Mechanical Engineering. | en_US |
dc.identifier.oclc | 212624895 | en_US |
Name | Size | Format | Description |
212624895.pdf | 23.67Mb | Preview, non-printable (open to all) | |
212624895-MIT.pdf | 24.90Mb | Full printable version (MIT only) |


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Hey guys, I'm looking at getting a raft soon and I'm curious what your opinion is on the best length to get. Upto three people, Large rivers but the capability of floating on skinny rivers as well. I hope I didnt leave out anything. I'm not looking for science just a few opinions. Shouldnt be to hard to come by a few of those I hope
I have a 14" Sotar that I bought from Jergans on this website last year. It has a fishing frame and will fish 3 easily. I also take off the fishing seats and thigh braces and use it for whitewater rafting. It is cabable of class 4+ rapids with the right guy on the sticks.I have a friend/fellow rafter who has a 16' it is great for a big group but it is hard to row not nearly as maneuverable and is a bugger to get to the river. The Sotar only weighs in at about 125# maybe 150 with the frame. My wife and I can unload and get it in the water even at some of the difficult launch spots. This is important to me. Remember a 14' overall length and 80" wide is not very big inside when you have 20" diameter tubes. It is not like a 14' driftboat. I looked at a 12' raft at a show the other day and it is tiny inside, too small for three for sure. PT has a great raft for sale check with him. Blessings jesse
I have a 15' supercat by the riverman boatworks in OR. I love it. We've done the Deschute several times, The Rogue, Main fork Salmon. Three of us are floating the Smith with it the end of April. I highly recommend http://www.theriverman.com/index.html
Jesse is right, the 14' Sotar is a fine raft for many uses. It rows really well in "my opinion" for the size with ALL the gear needed (beer wine and of course CACHACA) for four days with three guys. But, you asked about skinny water? the 14' Sotar may be bigger that you might want. Oh hell, you need two boats now:beer2: Just doing my part for boat builders:thumb: Tom C.
I own a 13 foot NRS and with the frame in its perfect for three guys and it can handle smaller waters as well. I use it primarily on the yakima and i love it
A 14' self bailer is the 9-foot 5-weight of rafts. And length is important, but keep in mind width and tube diameter, too. Those are probably more important parameters. A 13-foot Aire Super Puma is a totally different critter than a 13-foot standard Sotar.
TrappedinCO, can you explain what you are talking about. I know the shape of the rafts are different, so I'm guessing that really effects the handling in the water. What would be the pro's and con's of each design? I already have a pontoon that I use all of the time, but have been toying with the idea of a raft for those multi-person or multi-day floats. Thanks, Christian
The outfitter I work for has a fleet of Maravias, and the 13' Spider is perfect for what you need. It'll handle skinny water, but I've run many class IV rapids with it. It's one of the lightest boats on the market, yet is one of the toughest. Here's some skinny water we ran:
The 13' Super Puma (and the Maravia Spider) are narrow, diminising tube boats. This means that the tube at the bow and stern is a smaller diameter than the tubes running along the side of the boat. This translates into a boat that isn't quite as well suited for a guy sitting behind the rower on the stern tube. When you see a Super Puma with a large guy on the back tube, it pretty much kills the trim of the boat. (Although, I suspect that the Maravia Spider is a bit better with someone on the rear tube because Maravia gets quite a bit of rigidity out of their so-called Class VI fabric...but you pay a lot for this). The pros would be you can fit that narrow boat into stuff like the above photo shows - nice picture! A more traditional 13' boat will have a constant diameter tube and support the rear angler better. They will also be (necessarily) wider to accommodate the constant tubes. 14 footers can also have the same trade-offs, as there are constant diameter and diminishing tubes in that length, as well. I'm not saying Pumas and Spiders aren't great boats - they are a ton of fun and can handle big and/or technical water very well, especially when loaded properly. However, rafts setup for flyfishing have the odd constraint of having someone occasionally sitting on the back tube, which can affect the handling and trim of a boat. It just boils down to a couple trade-offs here and there - some big, some small. For a 13-foot flyfishing boat, a 13' tan (its cheaper) standard Sotar with a Cambridge fishing frame would be my choice for a good all-around boat that won't break the bank (check out the Sotar hotsheet online). For longer overnight trips, go with the 14-footer. But now we're really getting into my opinion, so I'll spare y'all.
that boat looks like a dream to fish out of a 14 foot raft is probably the best fit. ive fished out of a 13' with three people and it wasnt much fun. its only 1 foot but its a big difference. you probably wouldnt want much bigger. I have a fourteen and have done a lot of 'skinny' water in it with no problems
We have the same frame for the Spider. The only difference is a seat cooler instead of the rodeo chair. I have to store the beer somewhere.
Wow guys thanks for the information. I'm kind of going back and forth between the Maravia and the Sotar now. I'm one of those people that If I'm going to spend the money I might as well get what I consider the best. Jesse, What frame is that on your raft?
I own the Mariavia Spider with a Downriver Equipment frame. It's a two person boat if you want to go on overnighters. For day trips, taking three is a fine option. If you have trips with buddies with other boats, you don't want the large raft anyway, because it will get loaded down and rowing it becomes a chore. I've fished out of drift boats and other rafts, so I have some basis for comparison. Fishing out the stern of a maravia isn't like doing so in a clack, and I generally put the lighter and hopefully better caster in the back. My bud has a Sotar that is a larger than the maravia, but I wouldn't trade for a couple reasons. First, the spider is easier to maneuver and lighter than the sotar. We've hoofed the boat down the Revenue Bridge put in on the Sandy, yanked it out on the side of the road on the Yakima. Fun? Not really, but easier than the sotar, which is bigger, less stiff and more awkward. Second, there is huge difference in the floor. The maravia drop stitch floor is solid and I can stand up on it without the trampoline feeling. Here is a series of pics with the Maravia, I know it's a well trodden story, but I never mastered importing photos. It made it without a scratch. http://groups.msn.com/JonBial/roguepictures.msnw As for durability, I don't think you can beat Maravia, but with proper care, a raft should last many many years. One tip, instead of using rope around the raft, use webbing, it catches fewer hooks. Of course, if the choice is me row my boat or my buddy's boat with him on the sticks, I'm happy to ride in a sotar Happy boating, Jon
I previously posted this on a similar thread: I've owned an Aire Super Puma for about 9 years now. Its a GREAT boat for two, but it is marginal with the third fisherman in the aft seat - as others have mentioned. It's okay with three on big rivers (Clark Fork, Missouri, etc.) but on smaller/swifter streams, the person in back limits maneuverability. Also, not much room for stuff with the guy in back. Where the boat really shines is with two anglers on rivers like the Bitterroot, which have lots of narrow channels, deadfalls, etc. The narrow width also means you can use shorter oars, which helps a lot in tight spots. In short, I'd give it an A+ for 2 anglers and a C for 3 anglers. 13 foot may be sufficient for three in a standard (wider) raft design, but if you want room for gear, and don't want the aft fisherman's knees in the rowers back, 14 foot may be a better choice... BTW, the Maravia Spider design is a copy of the Super Puma hull.


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Category: Energy & Renewables ×
Subcategory: Solar Energy ×
Keyword: photovoltaics ×
Location: Asia & Middle East ×
Location: China ×
CUROX SOLAR SC Peroxides for Photovoltaic Modules
by United Initiators, Inc. based in Elyria, OHIO (USA)Colourless mobile liquid consisting of technically pure 2,5-Di(tert.butyl peroxy)hexane. This bifunctional dialkyl peroxide is used as an initiator (radical source) in the crosslinking of polymers (EVA) used especially in photovoltaic applications.
Stand-Alone Photovoltaic System
by Zhongli Talesun Solar Co., Ltd. based in Suzhou, CHINASolar modules transfer solar energy to electric energy, which is stored into the storage battery via the controller. The controller then distributes the electric energy to individual load. The system can supply electricity to DC load directly, and to AC load via the inverter.
Photovoltaic (PV) Solar System
by Nesol Limited based in ShenZhen, CHINAProduct sort: PV System. Serial number: 12116155016. Solar Small system is used for lights and small loading power for some emergency using.
Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV)
by Hanergy Holding Group based in Beijing, CHINAThe increasing demands for a comfortable environment have caused larger energy consumption from heating and air conditioning of the buildings and triggered a public call for carbon reduction. Through integrating solar power generation products to flat and slanted roof-tops, curtain walls and ceilings, BIPV can bring to you green office and ...
Photovoltaic (PV) Module
by BLD Solar Technology Co.,LTD based in Yuhuan, CHINAIn photovoltaic module, light energy converts into electricity. A photovoltaic module is the basic element of each photovoltaic system. It consists of interconnected solar cells, tempered glass., EVA sheet, and a TPT back sheet. It is also equipped with an anticorrosion - treated aluminum alloy frame and watertight terminal box.. According to ...
Model LJ-01 - Photovoltaic Junction Boxes And Connectors
by JiangSu JiuDing Solar Energy System Co., Ltd based in Changzhou, CHINAThe installation method of this type is easy, convenient and safe. Its design fully consider the unique contour of human body:in the finger grasped area it is designed to have arc shape which is consistent with the shape of our fingers. And its anti-skid texture made the operator more comfortable.
Photovoltaic Junction Boxes And Connectors
by JiangSu JiuDing Solar Energy System Co., Ltd based in Changzhou, CHINAConductivity: It is suited to use in low latitude tropics. It improves the efficiency of power generation. Extend service life: Compared with plastic junction box, the service life of this type is lengthened at least five years. High insulation: It operates safely and stably at 1100V voltage. Meet the electricity leakage protection ...
Model JD PV BOX 0403H1 - Photovoltaic Junction Boxes And Connectors
by JiangSu JiuDing Solar Energy System Co., Ltd based in Changzhou, CHINABus bar connection is achieved by welding and glue is filled in soldering area.This method prevent the cell heat from being transferred to box body and thus causing diode break down.13ml glue to be used for filling,much lower in volume and cost than other products on the market.
Model CNPV-240P to CNPV-250P - Solar Photovoltaic Module
by CNPV based in Shandong Province, CHINAHigh Performance 60 cell Premium Poly Crystalline 156×156mm Solar Photovoltaic Module.
Model CNPV-195M to CNPV-205M - Solar Photovoltaic Module
by CNPV based in Shandong Province, CHINAHigh Performance 72 cell Premium Mono Crystalline 125×125mm Solar Photovoltaic Module.


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