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From the University Department of Surgery, Auckland Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand.
Objective To compare the sequential changes in extracellular water (ECW) expansion in elderly patients receiving intensive care for severe sepsis with those in a similar group of younger patients.
Design Inception cohort study.
Setting Critical Care Unit and University Department of Surgery in a single tertiary care center.
Patients A consecutive series of 14 patients older than 60 years (n=8) or younger than 40 years (n=6) with severe sepsis who completed sequential measurements of body composition during a 21-day period.
Main Outcome Measure Sequential measurements of body composition including ECW by bromide dilution, total body water by tritium dilution, and fat-free body mass by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry were performed during 21 days after resuscitation. Excess ECW was estimated from the difference between measured ECW and ECW predicted from fat-free body mass corrected to normal hydration.
Results On the first study day, ECW was overexpanded by 9.05±1.87 L (mean±SEM) and 10.33±1.79 L in the young and elderly groups, respectively (P=.66). Whereas the young group excreted most of this excess ECW by day 5 (P=.008), the elderly group remained overexpanded until day 10 before mobilization of ECW occurred (P=.003). The changes over time of ECW excess were significantly different (P=.02 for group × time interaction). The elderly group required more prolonged inotropic (P=.009) and ventilatory (P=.004) support and remained in intensive care longer (P=.008) than the young group.
Conclusions The period of ECW expansion is more prolonged in elderly patients with sepsis and contributes to a poorer outcome from critical illness. This new finding is of fundamental importance to the treatment of elderly patients recovering from severe sepsis.
ONE OF the hallmarks of aging is a decreased ability to respond adaptively to environmental challenges.1 This loss of physiological and metabolic reserve results in a diminished capacity to maintain homeostasis, and there is evidence to suggest that the mechanisms responsible for restoring body fluid composition to normal after injury or during critical illness may not function as effectively in the elderly as in younger patients.2,3 After resuscitation of the patient with sepsis, a period of obligatory extravascular sequestration of fluid occurs and results in overexpansion of the extracellular fluid volume.4,5 Current evidence suggests that elderly patients may respond less favorably to this large fluid load than younger patients, and we wondered if excessive or prolonged extracellular fluid expansion occurred and whether this contributed to a poorer outcome from critical illness. For this reason, we made sequential measurements of extracellular water (ECW) in a group of elderly patients with severe sepsis and compared the results with those obtained from a similar group of younger patients.
Eight patients aged 60 years and older and 6 patients younger than 40 years who were admitted to our intensive care unit for the treatment of severe sepsis were studied. Criteria for entry were those of the American College of Chest Physicians/Society of Critical Care Medicine Consensus Conference,6 and severity of illness was assessed by means of the Acute Physiology Assessment and Chronic Health Evaluation II system without including points for age.7,8 Informed consent was obtained for each patient from their nominated next of kin before entry. These investigations were approved by the North Health Ethics Committee.
Patients were treated in consensus fashion by a group of intensivists according to standard clinical guidelines.9 Circulatory resuscitation was guided by clinical assessment, including continuous monitoring of thoracic compliance, core temperature, pulse oximetry, intra-arterial blood pressure, and electrocardiography. For plasma volume expansion, physiological saline and colloid (4% albumin, fresh frozen plasma, polygelatin, or pentastarch) were used with transfusion of packed red blood cells to maintain the hematocrit between 0.30 and 0.40. All patients received inotropic support with dopamine and/or norepinephrine,10 supplemented in some cases with epinephrine, dobutamine, or angiotensin.11 All patients without contraindications received digoxin.12 Amiodarone and/or direct-current cardioversion were used to control cardiac rhythm when required.13 Patients were given ventilatory assistance to achieve normoxemia and normocarbia, and positive end-expiratory pressure was limited to 15 cm H2O or less, unless required for alveolar flooding or hypoxemia despite an inspiratory oxygen fraction of more than 0.80. Patients were sedated with morphine sulfate infusions, with pancuronium bromide and diazepam added when neuromuscular blockade was needed. Resuscitation was considered optimal when the mean arterial pressure was between 90 and 110 mm Hg, the heart rate between 80 and 120 beats per minute and in sinus rhythm, acid-base status corrected to normal, and urine output above 2 mL/kg per hour. In the postresuscitation phase, all sodium-containing fluids were restricted and osmolality was regulated with free water as 5% dextrose solution, with mannitol or furosemide used in cases of severe hyposmolality. Where necessary, intermittent venovenous hemodialysis was used.
Antibiotics were administered according to predetermined protocol and modified by specific microbiological identification of definitive pathogens. No patient received selective decontamination of the gut, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, or corticosteroids.14 In all cases, nutrition was given either enterally (via nasogastric or nasojejunal tubes) or parenterally (via dedicated single-lumen central venous catheters) as clinically indicated.15 Tracheostomy (percutaneous or surgical) was performed before ventilatory weaning in some cases.16 Survivors were transferred from the intensive care unit to ward care when endotracheal intubation, ventilatory support (including continuous positive airway pressure), and titrated inotropic support were no longer required. Tracheostomy, hemodialysis, intravenous nutrition, or low-dose dopamine infusion did not preclude ward care.
Body composition studies were carried out with the use of methods especially adapted for use in critically ill, intensive care patients.17 Patients underwent sequential measurements of body weight, total body fat, total body protein, total body water, and ECW as soon as they were hemodynamically stable (defined by no continuing requirement for resuscitation fluids or escalation of inotropic support), and these were repeated 5, 10, and 21 days later. Body weight, obtained from a hoist-weighing system used to transfer the patients from bed to scanners, was recorded to the nearest 0.1 kg and correction was made for estimated weight of clothing and dressings. Measurement of total body fat was carried out by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (model DPX+, version 3.6y, Lunar Radiation Corp, Madison, Wis).17 The fat-free body mass was calculated from the difference between measured body weight and total body fat. Total body protein was measured by prompt gamma in vivo neutron activation analysis whereby total body nitrogen is obtained independently of total body hydrogen.18 Whole-body scans were performed twice. Total body protein was calculated as total body nitrogen × 6.25.
Total body water was measured by dilution of tritiated water.19 The ECW was measured by dilution of bromide tracer. Serum samples collected 4, 5, and 6 hours after injection of bromide were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography.20
The volume of excess ECW accumulated was calculated from the difference between the measured ECW and the ECW predicted from the fat-free body mass of the patient, corrected for abnormal hydration (corrFFM) using the equation corrFFM=FFM×[1−(TBW/FFM)m]/[1−(TBW/FFM)n], where (TBW/FFM)m is the hydration (total body water) of the fat-free body mass measured in each patient and (TBW/FFM)n is the hydration of the fat-free body mass in healthy subjects (0.71 for men and 0.73 for women) measured in our laboratory.21 The predicted ECW (ECWp) for each patient was then calculated as follows: ECWp=corrFFM×[(TBW/FFM)n]×[(ECW/TBW)n], where (ECW/TBW)n is the ratio of ECW to total body water in healthy subjects (0.43 for men and 0.47 for women aged 20-55 years, 0.50 for men and 0.49 for women aged 60 years and over).22
C-reactive protein (CRP) was used as a marker of the acute-phase response.23 Blood samples were collected for the measurement of CRP levels on each of the study days.
To monitor renal function, 24-hour urine collection for creatinine plus a blood sample taken at the end of each urine collection period was performed daily. Creatinine clearance (CCr) was calculated as follows: CCr=UCr×V/PCr, where UCr is the creatinine concentration in urine, PCr is the creatinine concentration in plasma, and V is the volume of urine collected per unit time.
Changes over time were assessed by repeated-measures analysis of variance with correction made for asphericity (SAS version 6.04, SAS Institute Inc, Cary, NC). Two-factor analysis of variance with asphericity correction was used to detect significant interaction between the effect of age group and the response over time for the variables total body water, ECW, and ECW excess. For within-group comparisons, the Student paired t test was used. For between-group comparison, the Student unpaired t test and the Mann-Whitney U test were used for normally distributed and nonnormally distributed data, respectively. For comparing treatment times and hospital duration across groups, Kaplan-Meier analysis with the Mantel-Cox log rank test was used. In all cases, a 5% level of significance was chosen. All numerical values are expressed as mean±SEM for normally distributed data and as median (range) for nonnormally distributed data.
Clinical details of the 14 patients are shown in Table 1. Six patients between the ages of 19 and 35 years formed the young group, in whom there were 2 cases each of meningococcal sepsis, pneumococcal pneumonia, and peritonitis caused by ruptured intra-abdominal abscesses. Eight patients between the ages of 60 and 72 years made up the elderly group, of whom 6 presented with peritonitis, 1 developed urosepsis complicating ureteric obstruction, and 1 presented with a cerebral abscess complicating acute mastoiditis. The Acute Physiology Score, which forms the major component of the Acute Physiology Assessment and Chronic Health Evaluation II score and is determined from the most deranged values of 12 physiological variables during the first 24 hours after admission to intensive care,7 was comparable in both groups, with median scores of 20 and 22 in the young and elderly groups, respectively (P=.80). Health status 3 to 6 months before admission was measured by the Chronic Health Evaluation component, a 4-level scale that rates a patient from good previous health to severe disabling chronic illness.7 None of the patients had chronic disease producing serious restriction of activity (class C). There was more comorbidity in the older patients, but only 1 patient (in the elderly group) had a history of congestive heart failure and none of the patients had a history of chronic renal failure. Six patients developed acute renal failure (3 young and 3 elderly) but only 1 patient (patient 11) received hemodialysis. All patients required at least 1 form of inotropic support. Two patients (1 young and 1 elderly) developed adult respiratory distress syndrome. Only 1 patient (patient 13) had major surgery beyond the first week of intensive care.
There was a median period of hemodynamic instability of 26 (13.3-70.5) hours in the young group and 31 (16.3-62.0) hours in the elderly group (P=.37). During this period when patients were resuscitated, the elderly group had a positive fluid balance (ignoring insensible fluid loss19) greater than those in the young group (10.35±3.10 L vs 6.94±1.48 L), although there was no significant difference between them (P=.39). Total colloid infused during this period was 7.50±1.30 L (including 172±33 g of albumin) in the elderly group and 6.93±0.70 L (136±33 g of albumin) in the young group (P=.73). Table 2 shows the clinical outcome of the patients in the 2 groups. There was 1 death in the elderly group. When compared with young patients, elderly patients received significantly more prolonged inotropic (P=.009) and ventilatory (P=.004) support, and remained in intensive care (P=.008) and in the hospital (P=.005) longer than young patients.
Table 3 summarizes the sequential body composition measurements in the 2 patient groups during the 21-day study period, showing that significant losses in body weight, protein, water, and ECW occurred in each group during the study period. In the young group, most of the loss of ECW occurred in the first 5 days of the study, while, in the elderly group, significant losses of ECW only occurred in the 10- to 21-day period. Similar changes in total body water were seen. When compared with those of young patients, the behaviors over time of ECW and total body water in elderly patients were significantly different (P=.03 and .03 for the group × time interaction for ECW and total body water, respectively).
Figure 1 shows the changes in ECW excess in both groups. In the first 5 days of study, ECW excess fell from 9.05±1.87 L to 2.88±1.85 L (P=.008) in the young group and remained essentially unchanged from day 5 to day 21 (2.43±1.42 L; P=.85). In contrast, ECW excess in the elderly group was 10.33±1.79 L on day 0 and remained elevated during the first 10 days of study (P=.78) before declining to 4.90±1.99 L (P=.008) by day 21. While expansion at day 0 was not significantly different between young and elderly patients (P=.66), at day 5 the elderly group was significantly overexpanded compared with the young group (P=.02). When compared with those in young patients, the changes over time of ECW excess in elderly patients were significantly different (P=.02 for the group × time interaction).
Sequential measurements of excess extracellular water (ECW) in 8 elderly (open circles) and 6 young (solid circles) patients with sepsis. Asterisks indicate significant change from preceding measurement.
In Table 3, the sequential measurements of CRP are also shown. The CRP level was uniformly elevated in all patients on day 0, had decreased on day 5, and by day 21 had normalized in both groups. There was no significant difference between the young and elderly groups in the rate of resolution of CRP (P=.07).
Table 4 shows the sequential measurements of creatinine clearance from the time of admission to intensive care through to the 10th study day. Mannitol was used in 5 cases, 4 in the elderly group and 1 in the young group. Renal function was similarly impaired in both groups at the time of admission to intensive care, but, whereas this had improved to normal limits by day 0 in the young group, renal function remained significantly impaired in the elderly patients throughout the first 10 days of study.
Our results show that the period of extravascular fluid sequestration is altogether more prolonged in the elderly critically ill, septic patient. Whereas young patients with severe sepsis mobilized most of the excess ECW within the first week after the onset of sepsis, elderly patients, by contrast, remained significantly overexpanded during the same period, and mobilization of this sequestered fluid did not occur until more than 2 weeks after the onset of sepsis. After 3 weeks, the measured ECW excess was still, on average, nearly 5 L. Moreover, when we examined the changes in ECW excess over time, there was a significant difference in the responses of the elderly patients compared with those of the young patients.
Given the case prevalence of peritonitis and the greater number of surgical procedures in these patients (Table 1), it might at first sight appear that the elderly patients experienced a more severe and prolonged septic insult, and it could be argued that our results reflect this. However, we have shown that the severity of sepsis, as indicated by CRP levels on the first study day (Table 3), was comparable in both groups, while the levels of CRP also resolved at a similar rate, suggesting that there was no appreciable difference between the rates of resolution of sepsis in the 2 groups. Furthermore, when we compared peritonitis with nonperitonitis, the rate of resolution was similar. In the first 24 to 48 hours of admission to the intensive care unit that followed the initial septic insult, both groups had similarly deranged acute physiological variables (Table 1), and renal function was similarly impaired (Table 4). Both groups were resuscitated to the same end points, and in all 3 patients in the young group who had acute renal failure at the onset of sepsis, the renal response was almost immediate. By contrast, the responses of the 3 elderly patients who developed acute renal failure were poor, and, even in patients in whom renal function was not adversely affected after the onset of sepsis, creatinine clearance was markedly reduced compared with that in the younger patients; this is reflected by the overall values obtained for the group (Table 4). Finally, we found the individual responses of the elderly patients with peritonitis to be similar to those of the elderly without peritonitis; likewise, when we examined the responses of the young patients with peritonitis, we found these to be similar to those in the other nonperitonitis cases in the young group.
In critical illness, patients have to cope with considerably larger volumes of extracellular fluid than has been described in patients with other states of ECW expansion, such as heart failure, where ECW is of the order of 18 L or 266 mL/kg,24 compared with the 28 L or 362 mL/kg (Table 3) seen in the elderly patients with sepsis of this study (normal value, typically 15 L or 230 mL/kg22). This places greater demands on renal and other homeostatic mechanisms to restore and maintain an adequate circulating volume. In light of the demonstrated changes in renal function, it may not be surprising that the ability of the elderly critically ill patient to excrete the enormous resuscitative fluid load becomes correspondingly impaired, predisposing to more prolonged extracellular fluid expansion. However, if these changes were simply the result of altered renal function, then the problems could be corrected by more aggressive diuresis or reducing the resuscitative fluid load by decreasing the volume of intravenous fluid administration. But large volumes of resuscitative fluid are necessary to maintain hemodynamic stability as a result of the continuous depletion of plasma volume caused by extravascular fluid sequestration; in addition, use of diuretics in the elderly patients of this study did not hasten mobilization of the sequestered fluid, while aggressive diuresis may actually compromise cardiovascular and renal function further by reducing the intravascular circulating volume and central filling pressures.
Extravascular sequestration of fluid is an obligatory phenomenon that occurs independently of organ function and is caused, in part, by an increase in capillary permeability25 but also by the structural and functional changes in the interstitial matrix26 and cell membrane.27 The interstitial fluid space composes nearly 80% of the extracellular fluid volume and constitutes a dynamic compartment through which protein, water, and electrolytes continually pass, forming an interface between plasma and cells.28 It consists of a matrix or gelcomponent composed of a network of collagen and adhesive glycoproteins embedded in a gel of proteoglycans, and a fluid or sol component. The gel is normally unsaturated but readily takes up fluid when in contact with it. Proteoglycan filaments are extremely thin, coiled molecules made up predominantly of hyaluronic acid. They have the ability to coil and uncoil.29 Uncoiling of the matrix with loosely bound hyaluronic acid forms open helixes and causes specific sites on proteoglycans to become exposed to albumin within the sol compartment, facilitating accommodation of more albumin molecules (reduced albumin exclusion) and thereby increasing the uptake of water and electrolytes. Coiling covers these sites, closes the helixes in which hyaluronic acid becomes tightly bound, reduces albumin attachment, and causes exclusion of albumin from the gel compartment. This, in turn, reduces the extravascular flux of protein, salt, and water. Changes in the geometry of the interstitial matrix directly affects the compliance of the interstitial space (change in volume divided by change in pressure) and can thereby permit the storage of large volumes of fluid within the space.
Structural changes of hyaluronic acid and the interactions between collagen and proteoglycans that control the flow of albumin through the interstitial matrix are thus important factors in determining the fluid dynamics between the interstitial space and the intravascular compartment. The nature of the physiological control of interstitial space compliance is still largely unknown, but there is evidence to suggest that a renal factor may be responsible, since bilateral nephrectomy decreases interstitial space compliance 4-fold.30 There is a limit to the ability of the interstitial space to expand as long as the structure of the interstitium remains intact, and, in sepsis, oxidants released disrupt the structural integrity of the space, thereby allowing the space to expand beyond its limits.25 Moreover, there would be a delay in removal of this fluid because the structural proteins would have to be reformed to restore the integrity of that space. Conceivably, aging may be associated with an impairment in this process of change in interstitial matrix configuration causing reduced albumin exclusion, resulting in inappropriate expansion of the interstitial space that would cause delayed mobilization of sequestered fluid from this space.
Aging is accompanied by a number of changes in the connective-tissue components of the interstitial matrix. There is accumulation of calcium salts, lipofuscin, and amyloid; thickening of the basement membrane; and changes in the chemistry of collagen.31 Collagen, which constitutes a major component of interstitial matrix and is secreted in soluble form, undergoes progressive chemical cross-linking with age, forming insoluble fibers that are relatively inert metabolically. These changes are primarily responsible for the progressive stiffness and rigidity of tissues characteristic of increasing age. Increased collagen cross-linking tends to increase the albumin-excluded fraction of the interstitial fluid volume, which would decrease the hydration of the interstitial tissue.32 Alterations in collagen with age could also account for derangements in the physicochemical properties of the collagen-proteoglycan matrix that impair its ability to coil and hinder mobilization of sequestered fluid from the matrix.
There are other mechanisms responsible for the restoration of circulating volume and acid-base homeostasis, such as baroreflex sensitivity33 and urinary concentrating ability,34 that may not function as effectively in the elderly. Excretion of an acid load by elderly subjects is more prolonged than in younger individuals.35 It is well recognized that glomerular filtration rate and renal blood flow decline with age,36,37 but wide ranges in renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate produce little change in urine output. Loss of nephrons in the aging kidney that result in an obligatory solute diuresis and an intrinsic defect in solute transport in the diluting segment of the nephron impose inherent restrictions on the minimal osmolality that the renal tubule can establish.38 Although the ability to excrete an acute salt and water load is dependent on factors intrinsic to the kidney, overwhelmingly so is the ability to suppress antidiuretic hormone release and maintain a water-impermeable segment in the terminal nephron. Thus, an inappropriate, nonosmotic release of antidiuretic hormone that is common to sick elderly patients, coupled with an intrinsic defect in urinary dilution and a decline in glomerular filtration, will also potentiate excessive water retention and predispose to the prolonged overexpansion of extracellular water seen in elderly, critically ill patients.
The period after resuscitation when the phase of extravascular fluid sequestration occurs provides the greatest therapeutic challenge in critical illness. This problem is highlighted in the elderly patient with sepsis in whom this phase is inordinately prolonged and, with it, the need for more prolonged ventilatory and inotropic support. Large volumes of resuscitation fluid become necessary to maintain hemodynamic stability as a result of the continuous depletion of plasma volume, and prolonged overexpansion of extracellular fluid predisposes to pulmonary edema and respiratory failure as well as to postresuscitation hypertension consequent on massive intravascular influx of sequestered fluid.4,26 Transition to mobilization of sequestered fluid is therefore crucial, since it heralds organ system recovery and ultimately survival. The physiological mechanisms by which mobilization occurs are not fully understood, and while renal responses appear to be important, recovery of cell function and normalization of the interstitial matrix are paramount, since the obligatory extravascular fluid expansion is not caused by renal failure but by the inherent changes in the properties of the interstitial matrix.
These findings are of fundamental importance to the treatment of elderly patients recovering from severe sepsis, as we have shown that prolongation of the period of ECW expansion contributes to a poorer outcome from critical illness. It is apparent that the homeostatic mechanisms of the interstitial matrix or appropriate renal responses to counter ECW expansion cannot be relied on in the elderly patient, for even when these patients are out of intensive care and return to the ward 2 or more weeks after the onset of sepsis, this state of ECW expansion may persist. This highlights the magnitude of the problem and should draw the attention of clinicians caring for elderly patients recovering from severe sepsis to the need for continued vigilance to fluid balance and sodium restriction.
Dr Plank was supported by the Health Research Council of New Zealand, Auckland.
We thank the staff of the Department of Critical Care Medicine, without whose support this study would not have been possible. We also thank Stephen Streat, MD, for helpful discussions and Gerald Woollard, PhD, for the development of the high-performance liquid chromatography assay for serum bromide.
Corresponding author: Graham L. Hill, MD, University Department of Surgery, Auckland Hospital, Private Bag 92024, Park Road, Grafton, Auckland 3, New Zealand.
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Well met on Audiko.net! It's easy to download a free The Shamen ringtones for your iPhone or mobile. Choose your favorite segment from your favorite award-winning track - BOSS DRUM, LSI, Move Any Mountain, or any other track. Then download the prepared The Shamen ringtones to your device, and enjoy Electronic music by The Shamen every time your phone rings. If you prefer Electronic or maybe British and Techno music, then you will probably like Pet Shop Boys, the klf, or The Beloved as well. For all who want a free The Shamen ringtone, we also recommend listening to rave, Acid House, and Scottish. You can obtain your ringtone both in the MP3 and m4a formats, played by both mobile phones and iPhones. Just select a track, and choose free The Shamen ringtones download option.
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New Inventory!Posted September 30, 2013Check out our New Inventory! There's something for everyone! My EmporiumOur specialty is to stock the most current and hard to find books, DVD's,CD's, Video and PC Games at the lowest price. If you can't find it check our inventory we just might have it. Check daily as we add to our inventory daily! At My Emporium we strive for the quickest shipments and best quality merchandise. It is our goal to make each and every one of our customers experience with us their best and make them want to come back for more! E-mail My Emporium
Alibris seller since March 2010
Search for books from My Emporium Advanced SearchSearch 2,536 books, 826 movies, and 520 music items from this seller Spotlight book from My EmporiumU-X-L Encyclopedia of Scienceby Nagel, RobVery Good. 0787654337 Book is in very good condition. This is an ex library copy with normal library markings. No wear or tear, like new condition. Volume 1. Featured books from My Emporium


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User Reviews & Ratings
Average Score 6.93/10
Total of 7 user ratings spread across 7 releases
- 10 (1)
- 9 (2)
- 8 (0)
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- 6 (1)
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PlayStation All-Stars Battle Royale
While it tried its best. Its no smash bros.
Honestly I feel that sony's smash bros clone came incredibly too late, as Nintendo is already working on the 4th installment of Smash bros, and sony just made one incredibly lacking one. Honestly in terms of content, ... Read Full Review
0 of 0 users found the following review helpfulRating:5.5
Assassin's Creed III
It has a lot of issues, and fails to live up to the Assassins Creed name. The game strays from its roots.
This game was honestly very ambitious, but it all ended in a massive flop for me. -spoiler warning- (I do mention some plot elements) I overall found he game to be rather boring, but maybe its because I was holding... Read Full Review
9 of 11 users found the following review helpfulRating:9
Dragon Ball Z: Burst Limit
Dragon Ball Z: Infinite World
Naruto: Ultimate Ninja Storm
Sonic Unleashed


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Americinn Lodge & Suites New London
Americinn Lodge & Suites New London
Hotel Guest Reviews of the Americinn Lodge & Suites New London
Our hotel ratings and reviews are from real hotel guests. Priceline.com ensures that its reviews are guests-only by proactively sending hotel surveys to customers after they've completed their hotel stays. In the post-stay surveys, priceline.com hotel customers are asked a number of questions about their stay and the hotel. On a scale of 1-10 with 10 being the best, the survey asks guests to rate their overall experience and specifically rate the hotel's cleanliness, staff and location. Priceline.com does not allow site visitors to post unsolicited hotel reviews.September 30, 2014
August 26, 2014
looks new, slept great, complimentary breakfast
August 17, 2014
Business Traveler
This guest did not leave comments about this hotel.
August 11, 2014
They are really trying to provide a clean and quiet hotel experience. Not the cheapest hotel but if you want a restful nights sleep it may be worth it.
August 5, 2014
Family Traveling with Young Children
This guest did not leave comments about this hotel.
August 4, 2014
Business Traveler
Friendly and helful staff.
April 5, 2014
Family Traveling with Teens
Good breakfast, we brought our dog so they conveniently situated us near an entrance
February 11, 2014
Family Traveling with Young Children
This was one of the nicest hotels we have stayed in in a very long time. The room was exceptionally clean, nice colors, comfortable. The staff were unbelievably friendly and accommodating! Good breakfast variety in the morning as well! Only thing was that the pool seemed to be very chlorinated, so maybe an exhaust fan/ceiling fan to remove some of the "fumes" for lack of a better word. We will return to this location. ...
November 27, 2013
Group Traveler
August 13, 2013
Nice location. Good amount of parking. Nice clean, roomy rooms with comfortable beds! The only disappointing part was that the hot tub was so chlorinated, we couldn't use it more than 10 min cause ours eye were burning. Pretty bummed, since we don't get to many weekends away from our little ones and we were looking forward to relaxing a bit after a long busy day at a carshow we were attending. ...
(1 - 10 of 13 reviews)


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Monday, June 2, 2014
Buckcherry at The Paramount Theater May 30th, 2014
all photos by ASH FOX
(you're welcome to share these photos, but please provide a link to this post & photo credit. thanks!)
one of the most fun, sexy, live rock bands I've seen, epitomizing everything that's exciting about rock n' roll. Josh Todd is clearly one of the last great (and highly underrated) showmen. So, the closest
I will ever get to crowd surfing is taking up a random man's offer to put me on his shoulders to shoot over the crowd. I said no over and over and then thought "In the name of rock n' roll, I'm going up"! So, some of these photos were achieved atop this man's shoulders. Whatever it takes for the best shot!
Monday, March 18, 2013
Scott Weiland and the Wildabouts at City Winery 3/17/13
all photos by ASH FOX
(you're welcome to share these photos, but please ask permission before copying photos elsewhere or if reposting please provide a link to this post. thanks!- ash)
Last night I brought my camera to see Scott Weiland at City Winery. I was shooting from the crowd with a fixed lens among fellow fans. It's late so I'm not going to write a full review...all I'll say is Scott Weiland is last great rock star and any opportunity to see him play I'll take. The show was mostly new renditions of classic STP songs, and covers. I personally would have liked to hear more of Scott's solo material, but understandably the STP material appeals to the majority of fans. "Kitchenware and Candybars" was the standout song of the evening in my opinion, however the crowd seemed most excited and energized by the bass line leading into Janes Addiction's "Mountain Song". It seems that a lot of fans go see bands popular during the 90s for a nostalgic trip back to their youth. I only discovered Weiland's musc 8 yrs ago so I experienced his music in a different context. I'm much more excited by the stranger, experimental and romantic tracks. Apparently the Wildabouts are playing NY again this summer. I'd love to hear them swap out some of the cover songs for a few more original, rarely-performed Weiland songs like "Divider" and "Son" as well as some of STP's softer deep cuts like "Samba Nova", "Seven Caged Tigers", and "Wonderful" to name a few.
Friday, August 10, 2012
FILTER @ Irving Plaza 7/12/12
On the evening of July 12
I jetted over from photographing a hip hop group down at the Seaport to Irving Plaza to catch FILTER. The genius that came up with the idea of a double header with Fuel and Filter deserves a kiss. Some of the mashups today are a bit of a stretch.
Unfortunately, I didn't make it in time for Fuel's set, but I did catch the last song. I didn't really follow Fuel passed their album "Something Like Human", but I've listened to "Shimmer" a pathological number of times. Who doesn't melt hearing Brett Scallions sing, "She dreams a champagne dream, strawberry surprise, pink linen and white paper, lavender and cream, fields of butterflies, reality escapes her"? Sometimes I can be such a girl.
When I photograph musicians, I'm generally shooting the next generation. It's invigorating, but dipping down memory lane to photograph a band you enjoyed as a 13 year old with your nose up against the TV screen is quite a treat.
Filter opened with
Welcome to the Fold
, the perfect greeting. Richard Patrick looked fit and happy, and his voice matched the pushing 20yr old sound of the recording. His voice goes from sweet to scream fluidly without strain. Filter won me over years ago, expressing the lovely hormonal teenage cocktail of emotions, all the anger and angst that we've come to know and love as "very 90s". Even as a so-called grown up it was cathartic participating in the rebel yells during pleasers like
Hey Man, Nice Shot,
Welcome to the Fold
Best Things
Patrick has an outstanding ability to immerse himself with the fans, he literally puts his body on the line, pouring himself out over the crowd, surfing like it was 1999. It's 2012, so bands have to work harder than ever to connect with a dying and distracted audience. Bands have to show loyalty and not only tour, but create new music to keep fans interested. Even if the fans are still only holding onto the commercial glory days of the band, the new music is what keeps the band fresh and excited when they're out performing.
During Filter's heyday of hits I appreciated the songs, but didn't delve deeper because in those days I was distracted by the baby pink and blue pop commodities. Forget bringing home a CD with a parental warning. So I got my rock fix from MTV and VH1 when music videos were on TV, and rock could still get through the mainstream.
Take a Picture
tugged on my heartstrings, the video felt like a melancholy teenage Disney ride. I finally got Short Bus and Titles of the Record in college.
Stuck in Here
So Cool
I Will Lead You
, and
I'm Not the Only One
were some of my favorites. Of the late 90s-early 2000s crop of "neo-grunge" bands, Filter always stood out from the rest. Filter's mix of rock and electronic is tied to a very specific time, so it's great that they're still out there playing as hard as the early days. Every teenager (and adult) needs a "Hey Man Nice Shot" song to yell along to. Now that I don't need permission, I'll be getting Filter's new album
Gurney and the Burning Books.
Monday, March 26, 2012
Ricardo Seco Fashion Show featuring The Low Hand
Wednesday, March 21, 2012
Prodigy of Mobb Deep's Performance @ Southside
Friday, March 16, 2012
Drunk Diet Book Launch Party w/ Kelle Calco & The Colored Boys, Breedlove, & The Dirty Pearls
Monday, March 5, 2012
Dog Soldier Society Record Release Party
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Find out more about Hoggar by Yves Rocher in the Basenotes Fragrance Directory
Josh839 Canada Show all reviews | This is a fragrance of very nice quality: warm, sober and classy. 19th November, 2014 |
sophulla Germany Show all reviews | I smell cardamum, cardamum, cardamum ... If you love this spice like I do, it is a very fine, pleasant scent (and - why not - suits well for women, too.) 24th July, 2012 |
shamu1 United States Show all reviews |
19th May, 2010 |
maribo Show all reviews | I love hoggar, it is a sweat fragrance.On me it s verry creamy,chocolaty whit a little bit of spiceness and last a long time 23rd December, 2009 (Last Edited: 28th February, 2010) |
GeorgeBernard Netherlands Show all reviews | Very, VERY pleasant stuff! Starts fresh (bergamot) and developes into a smooth combination of chocolate, coffee and vanilla (tonkabean). But very subtle, not in a "smells edible"-way. 01st July, 2007 |
mjclark United Kingdom Show all reviews | So complex it's surreal!Chemical opening like A*Men moves quickly into citrus oriental and finally settles down to something akin to a vanilla and fruit D&GPH with a hint of camphor. 25th May, 2007 |
Ken_Russell Romania Show all reviews | Rich, stylish and long lasting. Smells like a fresh Oriental, like a very traditional formula reworked in order to be less cluttered and lighter. The opening is marine, yet not a synthetic watery, the drydown has an ambery, almost leathery warmth, reminescent of Tuscany or Sienna plus the advantageous cost factor- being both moderately priced and long lasting, theregfore twice a bargain. 25th March, 2007 |
KiatBkk Thailand Show all reviews | I love this scent very much. Very warm, lots of vanilla. Got the roll-on too and the price is low. Will get more once I finish this bottle. 24th April, 2006 |


text:
Estimation of scattering error in spectrophotometric measurements of light absorption by aquatic particles from three-dimensional radiative transfer simulations
Applied Optics, Vol. 42, Issue 18, pp. 3634-3646 (2003)
Enhanced HTML Acrobat PDF (269 KB)
We present an approach based on three-dimensional Monte Carlo radiative transfer simulations for estimating scattering error in measurements of light absorption by aquatic particles with a typical laboratory double-beam spectrophotometer. The scattering error is calculated by combining the weighting function describing the angular distribution of photon losses that are due to scattering on suspended particles with the volume scattering function of particles. We applied this method to absorption measurements made on marine phytoplankton, a diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana and a cyanobacterium Synechococcus. Assuming that the scattering phase function is described by the Henyey-Greenstein formula, we determined the backscatter probability of phytoplankton, which yields the best correction for scattering error at a light wavelength of 750 nm, where true absorption is null. The backscattering ratio estimated for both phytoplankton species is significantly higher than previously reported data based on Mie-scattering calculations for homogeneous spheres. Depending on the type of particles, the corrected absorption spectra obtained with our method may be similar or significantly different from spectra obtained with the null-point correction based on wavelength-independent scattering error.
© 2003 Optical Society of America
OCIS Codes
(010.4450) Atmospheric and oceanic optics : Oceanic optics
(290.5850) Scattering : Scattering, particles
(300.1030) Spectroscopy : Absorption
(300.6550) Spectroscopy : Spectroscopy, visible
Original Manuscript: October 14, 2002
Revised Manuscript: February 25, 2003
Published: June 20, 2003
Dariusz Stramski and Jacek Piskozub, "Estimation of scattering error in spectrophotometric measurements of light absorption by aquatic particles from three-dimensional radiative transfer simulations," Appl. Opt. 42, 3634-3646 (2003)
Sort: Year | Journal | Reset
- A. Bricaud, A. Morel, L. Prieur, "Optical efficiency factors of some phytoplankters," Limnol. Oceanogr. 35, 562–582 (1983). [CrossRef]
- J. T. O. Kirk, Light and Photosynthesis in Aquatic Ecosystems (Cambridge U. Press, Cambridge, UK, 1994). [CrossRef]
- J. T. O. Kirk, "Monte Carlo modeling of the performance of a reflective tube absorption meter," Appl. Opt. 31, 6463–6468 (1992). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. R. V. Zaneveld, J. Kitchen, C. Moore, "The scattering error correction of reflecting-tube absorption meters," in Ocean Optics XII, J. S. Jaffe, ed., Proc. SPIE2258, 44–55 (1994). [CrossRef]
- J. Piskozub, P. J. Flatau, J. R. V. Zaneveld, "Monte Carlo study of the scattering error of a quartz reflective absorption tube," J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol. 18, 438–445 (2001). [CrossRef]
- R. A. Reynolds, D. Stramski, D. A. Kiefer, "The effect of nitrogen-limitation on the absorption and scattering properties of the marine diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana," Limnol. Oceanogr. 42, 881–892 (1997). [CrossRef]
- D. Stramski, A. Shalapyonok, R. A. Reynolds, "Optical characterization of the oceanic unicellular cyanobacterium Synechococcus grown under a day-night cycle in natural irradiance," J. Geophys. Res. 100, 13295–13307 (1995). [CrossRef]
- M. Babin, D. Stramski, "Light absorption by aquatic particles in the near-infrared spectral region," Limnol. Oceanogr. 47, 911–915 (2002). [CrossRef]
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- D. Stramski, A. Morel, A. Bricaud, "Modeling the light attenuation and scattering by spherical phytoplankton cells: a retrieval of the bulk refractive index," Appl. Opt. 27, 3954–3956 (1988). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- D. Stramski, C. D. Mobley, "Effects of microbial particles on oceanic optics: a database of single-particle optical properties," Limnol. Oceanogr. 42, 538–549 (1997). [CrossRef]
- J. Piskozub, "Effects of surface waves and sea bottom on self-shading of in-water optical instruments" in Ocean Optics XII, J. S. Jaffe, ed., Proc. SPIE2258, 300–308 (1994). [CrossRef]
- J. Piskozub, A. R. Weeks, J. N. Schwartz, I. S. Robinson, "Self-shading of upwelling irradiance for an instrument with sensors on a sidearm," Appl. Opt. 39, 1872–1878 (2000). [CrossRef]
- F. M. Sogandares, E. S. Fry, "Absorption spectrum (340–640 nm) of pure water. I. Photothermal measurements," Appl. Opt. 36, 8699–8709 (1997). [CrossRef]
- R. M. Pope, E. S. Fry, "Absorption spectrum (380–700 nm) of pure water. II. Integrating cavity measurements," Appl. Opt. 36, 8710–8723 (1997). [CrossRef]
- R. C. Smith, K. S. Baker, "Optical properties of the clearest natural waters (200–800 nm)," Appl. Opt. 20, 177–184 (1981)∼. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. Morel, "Diffusion de la lumière par les eaux de mer: résultats expérimentaux et approche théorique," in Optics of the Sea, AGARD Lecture Series 63 (Advisory Group for Aerospace Research and Development, Paris, 1973), Sect. 3, pp. 1–76.
- C. D. Mobley, Light and Water: Radiative Transfer in Natural Waters (Academic, San Diego, Calif., 1994).
- T. J. Petzold, "Volume scattering functions for selected ocean waters," SIO Ref. 72–78 (Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, Calif., 1972).
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- C. D. Mobley, L. K. Sundman, E. Boss, "Phase function effects on oceanic light fields," Appl. Opt. 41, 1035–1050 (2002). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Y.-H. Ahn, A. Bricaud, A. Morel, "Light backscattering efficiency and related properties of some phytoplankters," Deep-Sea Res. 39, 1835–1855 (1992). [CrossRef]
- R. A. Meyer, "Light scattering from biological cells: dependence of backscatter radiation on membrane thickness and refractive index," Appl. Opt. 18, 585–588 (1979). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. Bricaud, J. R. V. Zaneveld, J. C. Kitchen, "Backscattering efficiency of coccolithophorids: use of a three-layered sphere model," in Ocean Optics XI, G. D. Gilbert, ed., Proc. SPIE1750, 27–33 (1992). [CrossRef]
- J. C. Kitchen, J. R. V. Zaneveld, "A three-layered sphere model of the optical properties of phytoplankton," Limnol Oceanogr. 37, 1680–1690 (1992). [CrossRef]
- R. D. Vaillancourt, C. Brown, R. R. L. Guillard, "A taxonomic survey of the optical properties of marine phytoplankton with special emphasis on the backscattering coefficient," Eos Trans. Am. Geophys. Union 80, 119–120 (1999).
- R. A. Maffione, D. R. Dana, "Instruments and methods for measuring the backward-scattering coefficient of ocean waters," Appl. Opt. 36, 6057–6067 (1997). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- X. Zhang, M. Lewis, M. Lee, B. Johnson, G. Korotaev, "The volume scattering function of natural bubble populations," Limnol. Oceanogr. 47, 1273–1282 (2002). [CrossRef]
- A. Morel, Y.-H. Ahn, "Optics of heterotrophic nanoflagellates and ciliates. A tentative assessment of their scattering role in oceanic waters compared to those of bacterial and algal cells," J. Mar. Res. 49, 177–202 (1991). [CrossRef]
- D. Stramski, D. A. Kiefer, "Light scattering by microorganisms in the open ocean," Prog. Oceanogr. 28, 343–383 (1991). [CrossRef]
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Tuesday, July 3, 2012
To Live The Way I Want To
9 comments:
- AnonymousJuly 3, 2012 at 5:59 PM
you are such an inspiring person. love you, Maria (Italian young lady in Manchester, UK)xxx
ReplyDelete Your post definitely resonates with me. I have had such a strong feeling of how I see the world and how I want to live my life but sometimes find it hard to counteract all the opposing energies around me. The more we strive for the type of life you talk about the better off we'll be, I believe.
Thank you :)
P.S. where did you find the 2nd photo of the woman with butterflies? I would love to use it as my desktop background but wonder if there is a larger version of it?This is such an awesome and heartfelt post, which very nearly made me cry... this is exactly how I have been feeling recently... I feel like I am waiting for the next thing to tell me where to go and what I should be doing, but I can't seem to catch the hint.
Such a beautiful post... know that we are all in this together, and you'll get there. You will. Have faith in the stars! They shine for a reason... :)


text:
Sydney celebrated the New Year with great fireworks and has already entered into 2006.
Sydney celebrated the New Year with great fireworks and has already entered into 2006. The London tube services were disrupted today as 4,000 Rail, Maritime and Transport union members went on a 24 hours noon-to-noon strike. But the London Underground was planning on keeping trains moving despite the strike. Buses are supposed to run as normal. Meanwhile the two most senior executives of the [...] If the fear of tsunamis has been keeping you off the beach, here is a gadget that might be right for you: A mobile tsunami detector! Yes, it will warn about earthquakes that could cause tsunamis. It is actually just a software that works on your mobile phone, and the best of all, it's supposed [...] Paris (left) and Nicky Hilton are shown celebrating the holidays visiting Hawaii. Hello Magazine caught a glimpse of the sisters on a Maui beach. [...] So what is the best place for celebrating the New Year? This is of course a rhetoric question by now, since it is too late for most of us to change our plans. But anyway, it cannot hurt to know. If you are a New Years aficionado you could of course do some time traveling [...] Queenstown is New Zealand's adventure capital. The town itself and the area around it is strikingly beautiful. But the town has more to offer than just rugged terrain and the outdoors. It is known for its cafés, bars, restaurants and [...] If you are planning on visiting Thailand and are interested in finding things to do and learn, you might consider taking a cooking class. Thailand is an ideal place for learning to cook local dishes. There are amazingly many cooking schools in the country. Chances are that even the restaurant in your hotel might be [...] The governments of Spain and Greece are eliminating the siesta for civil servants. [...] From Paris to Sydney on a motorbike: Along the way we hope to meet some people and have a bit of fun, but more importantly learn a little more about the world and [...] Croatia has emerged as a new favorite with pioneers and celebrities, but now mass tourism is about to find this [...] |
Copyright © 2015 Exploring the Globe - All Rights Reserved |


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Mariposa Butterfly
Category: Outdoor Scenes
Photo and caption by peter casey
This was taken in the heart of the Amazon rainforest in Brazil in Dec 2009. I was on a three week remote Jungle trek. During a rest break i spotted a group of amazing Mariposa butterflies on a leaf nearby i grabbed my camera and took this.
Location: Amazon rainforest Brazil .Tefe.
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Farida Khanzada : Mumbai, Fri Feb 08 2013, 11:51 hrs
Top Stories
- Pakistan court declares 26/11 accused Zaki-ur-Rehman Lakhvi's detention void
- Chairs broken, MLAs faint in Kerala Assembly as Finance Minister KM Mani presents budget
- 'Love jihad' gets a Bengal reply: Bahu lao, Beti bachao, 'purify' Muslim brides
- Kolkata Park Street rape victim dies
- LIVE: PM Modi arrives in Sri Lanka; assures visa on arrival for Lankan nationals
Ayushmann Khurrana who made a mark with his acting prowess as a sperm donor in his debut film, Vicky Donor, is gearing up for his second release. The VJ turned actor will essay the role of an actor and theater director, Ram, in Rohan Sippy's Nautanki Saala. "You will see me playing Raavan on stage. I have composed a song and will be crooning two numbers for the fim," said Khurrana about the project which releases on April 12.
Khurrana who also plays an uber cool Delhi boy in YRF's untitled directed by Nupur Asthana and Sonam Kapoor as his co-star says that he always wanted to become an actor. "The difference between then and now is that while earlier I was acting as an anchor, now I am acting as an actor," he says.
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Tottenham defender Pascal Chimbonda is ready to face Arsenal in the Carling Cup semis.
The north London rivals clashed in the last four in January, when Tottenham threw away a two-goal lead in the first leg as they were beaten 5-3 on aggregate.
But Chimbonda believes they have learned from their mistakes and is confident about their chances of lifting the trophy.
He said: "Everybody wants to win something and the League Cup is a great opportunity for us. We want to go one better than we did last year.
"We know what we have to do if we draw Arsenal again. It hurt us a lot to lose to them last season. We were winning 2-0 at home in the first leg and they got it back to 2-2 and we ended up losing the second leg.
"But we have learned from what happened and it will be different this time. We can win the trophy this season. We can achieve anything when we perform like we did against Manchester City."


text:
Pretty Little Liars Spoilers: "It Wouldn't Be a Finale Without a [SPOILER]"
Dolls have been a recurring theme in Pretty Little Liars thus far. This has been just as true in Season 4, which started off on a creepy note when the Liars stumbled upon their mini-mes playing in the mobile home park with mini-me dolls of their own. Can we expect to see dolls pop up again this summer? You betcha! According to PLL showrunner Marlene King, "It wouldn't be a finale without a creepy doll. #PllFinaleFever." Hear, hear! Marlene tweeted that little nugget yesterday, warning us of impending spookiness in the summer finale (Season 4, Episode 12). Will the Liars' mini-mes and their dolls make a return appearance? Or will the dolls in the summer finale surface in another way? PLL has used the doll motif in many different ways throughout its run, from visits to unsettling doll shops to dolls who relay "A"'s nefarious orders. With so many clues pointing to the use of a magic trick in the summer finale, we wonder if the dolls might be employed in an act of illusion. The only thing creepier than a doll that talks is a doll that does magic. Are you looking forward to another doll moment? How do you think it will happen? Let us know in the comments below!


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Guide for VB.NET Core Document Formats Excel Additional Features
A general summary of our VB.NET Excel Reading SDK is provided on this page. You can get the following detailed information from this summary page.
Microsoft Excel Document Introduction
Microsoft Excel document can be used in many .NET applications using C# or VB language, such as ASP.NET and .NET WinForms. It is an electronic spreadsheet program which can be used to store, manipulate and create graphical representations of data. An Excel document is composed of grid of rows and columns. The intersection point between a row and a column is known as a cell that can be used to hold numbers, text or formulas. There are many versions of Microsoft Excel document, including Excel 2000, 2002, 2003, 2007, etc. Our VB.NET Excel Reading SDK supports Excel 2007 or later versions. Main Features
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Gbh-Charged-On Stage (2004)
Starring: G.b.h.
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Category Keywords: Live Concerts Live Performances London, England Music (General) Pop/Rock Punk Rock Rock
See more in Music Videos
"Digitally Filmed, 5.1 Dolby Digital Surround, Includes Bonus Material."
This 17-song set was filmed & recorded at The Coronet in London on August 29th, 2004. It's presented here in Digital 5.1 Surround Sound, 2.0 Dolby Stereo & PCM Stereo. It also features an exclusive interview and on the road footage. G.B.H. originally formed in 1979 in Birmingham, England, then rose to prominance in the early '80s when hardcore punk began inching toward heavy metal. Through the years, they have remained a staple of punk rock fans worldwide. This DVD is a perfect example of their tenacious presentation. Performance songs include Ha Ha, Falling Down, Diplomatic Immunity, Freak of Nature, Time Bomb, Gunned Down, Prayer Of A Realist, Maniac, Drugs Party In 526, Crush 'Em, Catch 23, I Am The Hunted, Womb With A View, City Baby Attacked By Rats, City Baby's Revenge, I Feel Alright & Race Against Time. |
Editor's Note
One of punk rock's most enduring acts takes the stage of London's famed Coronet venue to offer a blistering performance in this release of a G.B.H. concert captured live on camera on August 29, 2004. In addition to a seventeen song set that's guaranteed to have punks pogo-dancing in their living rooms, this release also offers on-the-road footage and exclusive backstage interviews.
Cast & Crew
G.B.H. - Performer |


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News » Page 27
in Lifestyle
Arkansas woman now world's oldest person, wants Obama visit
Gertrude Weaver will turn 117 in a few months and wants a presidential celebration.
in Sports
Final Four teams have 4 different sets of drug-testing rules
Four teams, four drug-testing policies.
in Lifestyle
School threats by text, apps frustrate schools, police
Threats against schools don't just come written on bathroom walls these days.
in Sports
Prosecution rests in Aaron Hernandez murder trial
Hernandez has pleaded not guilty to murder in the 2013 killing of Odin Lloyd, who was dating his fiancée's sister.
Tavis Smiley developing Maya Angelou play
His new book about his three-decade friendship with the poet will be developed for the stage.
in National
Indiana lawmakers announce proposed religious law changes
Lawmakers in Arkansas and Indiana are scrambling to revise controversial religious objection measures as Republican governors in both states try to quell a growing backlash.
Poll finds rising support for Obama's Cuba policy
A poll of Cuban-Americans shows support for the White House's new Cuba policy has risen in the three months since it was announced.
in National
Obama signs order creating new cyber sanctions regime
The move will allow the U.S. to penalize individuals overseas who engage in cyberattacks and cyber spying.
in National
10 FOR TODAY: Thursday, April 2
Your daily look at the stories that will be talked about today.
in National
White House hopefuls attack Obamacare, but take money
Several Republican governors likely to run for president have secured funding under Obamacare while working to dismantle it.
in Viral Videos
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Today in entertainment history: April 2
A look back on the Hollywood headlines of years past.
in Local
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A former Fortune 500 executive who caused a highway crash that killed a Vermont couple and their unborn fetus says he wasn't suicidal.
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WATCH: Mime through time
A hilarious and very well costumed musical journey through time.
'Downton Abbey' eyes '70s revival
The show could come back and be set in the disco era.
in Lifestyle
Healthy lunches could land you in the White House
If you know of a kid who can whip up a healthy lunch, they might earn a trip to the White House.
in Music
Cynthia Lennon, John Lennon's first wife, dead at 75
The first wife of the former Beatle, and mother of Julian Lennon, has reportedly died after a brief battle with cancer.
in Weird
'Spicy' scent of Burger King entices cologne buyers
The whiff of a Whopper made hundreds of customers hungry for a Burger King special — "Flame Grilled" cologne.
The best April Fools' Day pranks by companies
Google Panda, the Samsung smart knife, and more: Because even corporate America likes to pull one over on us.


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Who is doing the work? An employee or subcontractor has a different attitude about your pool and the owner operator is the way to go. The owner will be the one you'll make the deal with and will do the work and warranty if needed.
Warranty and satisfaction is what we strive for all the time and not just getting it done and getting out.


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NFL Total Access
Posted 28 August 2012 - 10:50 AM
we could get in the superbowl and there would be posters going..."yeah, but we didn't win so it doesn't matter"
we could win the superbowl and posters would be going "yeah, but we probably won't win another one."
it's amazing the lack of faith that some fans have in their team. can't appreciate the obvious strengths on the team and chooses to focus almost solely on perceived deficiencies and argue since we don't look like other teams and aren't built like other teams we really don't have much of a chance.
it's not about being blind to certain issues, but thinking that their strengths is enough to make them strong enough to at least get in the playoffs. this team is the strongest it's been in years. the offense the most dominant it's ever been.
regardless of who says this team doesn't have enough weapons, we saw what this offense was capable of last year and it was one of the best in the league, was it not? why shouldn't this offense be better? another year in the system and the addition of tolbert which is pretty much an upgrade over shockey or at least on an equal level with him. WR situation has shaken out some...do we have some dynamic duo? probably not, but is it needed? considering that this team has several components that others can't match (cam and the versatile backfield), i think at the very least we are overall equally matched.
Posted 28 August 2012 - 01:09 PM
Excuse me while I forget Cruz like NFL Network forgot Olsen.Giants had 2 1100 yard recievers last year and they scored.
Posted 28 August 2012 - 01:14 PM
Personally I think we're seriously overrated all other receivers other than Smith because they "looked" good against 2nd and third stringers or they have "speed" takes way more than that to make a good weapon in the nfl.
Posted 28 August 2012 - 01:42 PM
Tell me again what weapons Atlanta has over us? Then NFL Total Access can tell us how the cowpukes are going to win it all.
If you don't already know then there's no use in telling you.
Posted 28 August 2012 - 01:56 PM
Posted 28 August 2012 - 04:49 PM
OK--they are stupid.
Posted 28 August 2012 - 05:36 PM
If the game on sunday night was any indication I would have to agree. You could clearly tell that they were gameplanning for the jets. They ran route combinations to clear out guys underneath and pretty much all of Cam's completions were on sideline throws. He only completed one pass over the middle(Greg Olsen).
Personally I think we're seriously overrated all other receivers other than Smith because they "looked" good against 2nd and third stringers or they have "speed" takes way more than that to make a good weapon in the nfl.
Valid point.


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27 year old man | Rock Hill, SC, USA | Seeking women 21-26 within 50 miles
Time in my life to have some fun!
I am a recent college graduate from Appalachian State University. I teach in the Rock Hill School District at South Pointe High School where I teach US History and coach football. I am looking to settle down but also to have fun. I am looking for an understanding woman who doesn't mind a strict coaching and teaching schedule. I love to be active and play sports but also have quiet time on the couch. There is a lot about me you will have to email me to get to know. I enjoy a good football game especially when it involves my Appalachian State Mountaineers or Clemson Tigers. Anything I can do to get my dog out of the house I will do. I hope you like what you see and if you want send me an email.
Coffee and conversation , Cooking , Music and concerts , Performing arts , Playing cards , Playing sports
Football, Soccer, Weights / Machines
I exercise 3-4 times per week.
Don't display my sign
I have Dogs
I have a beagle named Scooter he is my favorite part of coming home everyday!
Middle of the Road
Lake Wylie, Charlotte, and Boone
Appalachian State University, Boone, NC
Watching Sports, going to the lake, and just relaxing at home.
Him | What he is looking for | |
Appearance | ||
Height: | 5'9" (175cms) | 5'3" (160cms) to 5'8" (172cms) |
Body type: | Athletic and toned | Athletic and toned |
Eyes: | Blue | No preference |
Hair: | Dark brown | No preference |
Lifestyle | ||
Smoke: | No Way | No Way |
Drink: | Social Drinker | Social Drinker |
Occupation: | Education / Teacher / Professor | No preference |
Income: | $35,001 to $50,000 | No preference |
Relationship: | Never Married | Never Married |
Have kids: | No | No |
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Comments (13) (Please sign in to comment)
'What's the inflight movie?'
"The Best of Honey Booboo.'
'Okay … so what do we watch for the other 1.9 seconds?' -
A good Justin Bieber song? No, that will still leave 1.5 seconds…
cliff: "Why aren't we wearing space suits if we are going to Europa?"
Sitting next to Cliff wouldn't be a picnic either.
AlnicoV, yeah, I feel sorry for the baby….
Two seconds! It's probably a layover.
Two seconds is nothing compared to my listening to crying babies on my train commutes and long distance flights.
France isn't THAT bad………
Why do you think the baby's crying?
Sure that's a baby and not an adult midget?
What they would have to do is to do a molecular scan of you, burn you up beam the pattern to the new location, then reconstruct you.
Or else, send the file of all your atoms to the receiver. The current you, dissolved by the scan, would go in a slurry tank to reconstruct the file of the next guy back.
Many good s-f stories about people who won't transport because they'll die and lose their souls. -
How many more seconds would that take and how much would the surcharge be?
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Upper Kintla Lake Patrol Cabin
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Upper Kintla Lake Patrol Cabin
Nearest city | West Glacier, Montana |
Coordinates | 48°58′38″N 114°14′47″W / 48.97722°N 114.24639°WCoordinates: 48°58′38″N 114°14′47″W / 48.97722°N 114.24639°W |
Built | 1931 |
Architect | Unknown |
Architectural style | Other |
Governing body | National Park Service |
MPS | Glacier National Park MRA |
NRHP Reference # | 86000374 |
Added to NRHP | February 14, 1986[1] |
The Upper Kintla Lake Patrol Cabin in Glacier National Park is a rustic backcountry log cabin. Built in 1931 to standard National Park Service plan G913, the cabin has a single room.[2] The cabin was modeled after similar cabins used at Yellowstone National Park, which were in turn similar to those used by the U.S. Forest Service, which resembled trappers' cabins.[3] The Upper Kintla Lake Patrol Cabin is actually situated on the eastern shore of Kintla Lake which is almost 2 miles (3.2 km) west of Upper Kintla Lake.
- ^ "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. 2008-04-15.
- ^ "Upper Kintla Lake Patrol Cabin". List of Classified Structures. National Park Service. 2008-11-14.
- ^ Historical Research Associates (June 1984). "National Register of Historic Places Inventory-Nomination: Upper Kintla Lake Patrol Cabin" (PDF). National Park Service.
This article about a property in Montana on the National Register of Historic Places is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. |
- Government buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in Montana
- Government buildings completed in 1931
- Log cabins in the United States
- Buildings and structures in Flathead County, Montana
- Buildings and structures in Glacier National Park (U.S.)
- National Park Service ranger stations
- Rustic architecture in Montana
- Montana Registered Historic Place stubs


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Dance Dance Revolution Mario Mix (GameCube)
Published by Developed by Released Platform |
Critic Score
100 point score based on reviews from various critics. ...
User Score
5 point score based on user ratings. |
The game ratings for each category and platform are displayed below. The score for a particular platform is the average of all categories. Games must have 1 votes before they are given a MobyScore.
Breakdown by Rating Category
GameplayHow well the game mechanics work (player controls, game action, interface, etc.) | 4.6 |
GraphicsThe quality of the art, or the quality/speed of the drawing routines | 4.4 |
Personal SlantHow much you personally like the game, regardless of other attributes | 3.7 |
Sound / MusicThe quality of the sound effects and/or music composition | 4.8 |
Story / PresentationThe main creative ideas in the game and how well they're executed | 4.2 |
Overall User Score (6 votes) | 4.3 |
User Reviews
There are no reviews for this game.
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35 year old woman | Newport Beach, CA, USA | Seeking men 40-48 within 3000 miles
Life is too short to waste it on diets and greedy men.
My friends say I am very positive and optimistic person. I am looking for an energetic, active man to be a nice to communicate to and have true and genuine relationship. I really hope to meet a man of my dream! Presently, my residence is Kiev, Ukraine but my best friend lives in Newport, so I come to visit her often. I'm thinking of relocation.
I have Cats
I like sports, listening to the music, read books and spend time with my friends.
Her | What she is looking for | |
Appearance | ||
Height: | 5'8" (172cms) | 5'9" (175cms) to 6'5" (195cms) |
Body type: | I'll tell you later | No preference |
Eyes: | Green | No preference |
Hair: | Dark brown | No preference |
Lifestyle | ||
Smoke: | Yes, but trying to quit | No preference |
Drink: | Social Drinker | No preference |
Occupation: | Sales / Marketing | No preference |
Income: | I'll tell you later | $150,001+ |
Relationship: | Divorced | No preference |
Have kids: | Yes, and they live at home (1) | No preference |
Wants kids: | Someday | No preference |
Background | ||
Ethnicity: | White / Caucasian | White / Caucasian |
Faith: | I'll tell you later | No preference |
Languages: | English, Russian | English |
Education: | Graduate degree | Bachelors degree, Graduate degree, PhD / Post Doctoral |


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Best Casino in Florida
I play craps, slots and blackjack. I've won several jackpots on slots ranging from 500.00 to 1500.00 DRINKS ARE FREE and the bar food is good. Craps table has great energy and excitement. I only began playing this game New Years eve. If you don't understand the games go early and dealers are very helpful. They always remember you by your name. I used to go several times a month to Hard Rock but I think they have treated their regulars poorly and many come on the boat now. The blackjack rules are stand on soft 17 and hand shuffle / shoes on all tables. No hanky panky with automatic shufflers. Minimums on most nights are 5.00 and 10.00 on weekends. Overall 5 stars to all for making this boat work. Hard Rock now has competition. Keep bringing in new slots and consider Spanish 21.
best casino in Florida
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If you are looking for a craft during the long winter months, this is for you..Now you can create stickers from any picture. On a computer, print out many colored clipart designs, such as flowers, sailboats, holiday designs, cars and trucks or use magazine pictures or photos. Personalize your designs by writing your name just above or below. Print onto heavier paper and trim. Decorate holiday cards or create personalized stationary and envelopes.
4 unflavored gelatin
8 tablespoon vinegar
1 tablespoon peppermint or lemon extract
Small glass jar (baby food jars work well for this)
In a small saucepan, bring vinegar to a boil. Add gelatin. Reduce to low heat and stir until gelatin is completely dissolved. Add extract and mix well. Allow to cool. Brush a small amount of glue on the reverse side of art. Let dry. Paper may curl but will straighten when the sticker is applied. To soften glue after storage, lower jar into a pan of boiling water until glue dissolves. Warm one hour before use. Moisten the paper to activate glue and apply as stickers. Yields: 1/2 cup...
Have Fun!!
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Graph Those Stickers!, Homemade Finger Paint, Homemade glue, Homemade Glue, Sticker Tag, Sticker Dots, Cookie Cutter Sticker Ornaments, Sticker Stories, Fun Father's Day Sticker Cards, Paintchip-and-stickers Christmas Card, Glitter Star Window Sticker, Glue Ghost, Glue Earth, Color Glue Blots, Tear and Glue CanisterFind Activities
Coloring book pages


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Rated 4.0904 Stars
Watch an angry little man lose it!
Comedy - Original
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What are the odds of you being alive on Earth today?
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Jun 2005
Warner Bros.
So long, guitar solos; hello, piano and marimba! Not that it makes a difference to Jack White: his role as spastic preacher man is no less explosive. The hard-hitting, piano-driven soul of tracks like "The Denial Twist" and "My Doorbell" propels this album, along with some desolate pop and Zeppelin-style blowouts.


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LeBron was not happy with the Cowboys passing on Johnny Manziel
LeBron James is a noted Cowboys fan. He grew up in the Cowboys' heyday when they were winning titles in the mid-90's and not, you know, constantly failing to win playoff games. James had wanted the Cowboys to draft Johnny Manziel with their first-round pick. James was in the training room before the Heat's Game 2 vs. Brooklyn when Dallas elected to pass on drafting Johnny Manziel and ... well, he wasn't a fan of that decision.
Cowboys fan LeBron James on Johnny Manziel: "I was watching in the back and hoping they took him, but..."
— Rachel Nichols (@Rachel__Nichols) May 9, 2014
Shane Battier was with LeBron in the training room last night when the Cowboys passed on Johnny Manziel. Battier: "Oh, it was ugly."
— Tom Haberstroh (@tomhaberstroh) May 9, 2014
Manziel was eventually drafted 22nd by the Cleveland Browns, which has to make you feel good about the chances of his success, given their long track record of developing quarterbacks and winning football games.
The Cowboys, meanwhile, will head forward with Tony Romo, who has been signed to an extension.
In unrelated news, Romo attended Game 4 of the Mavericks-Spurs series. The Mavericks surrendered a fourth-quarter lead after cameras showed him, and the Spurs went on to win the series in seven.


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CMG collaborated with Pfau Long Architecture for the redesign of this high school campus. Retaining the spirit of site elements that previously defined the campus, the master plan adds value to remnant exterior areas by restructuring and infusing the spaces with program. The central grass field, a remnant of the school's turn-of-the-century playing fields, was remade and "preserved" by placing new workshops underneath. The resultant environment strengthens the continuity between indoor and outdoor spaces at all scales.
download: | Project PDF |
client: | Lick Wilmerding High School |
location: | San Francisco, CA |
architect: | Pfau Long Architecture |
size: | 34,000sf |
completed: | 2004 |
2005: | Green Guide, Top Ten Green Schools |
2004: | AIA CC Design Awards, Merit Award |
2004: | AIA SF Best of the Bay, Design Excellence Merit Award |
2001: | Winner, Juried Competition |


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Camara de Comercio Hispana de Amarillo, the Amarillo Hispanic Chamber of Commerce, honored supporters and installed new officers for 2004 at a banquet Jan. 30 at the Amarillo Civic Center.
Antonio Renteria received the Lifetime Achievement Award; Lilia Escajeda was named Member of the Year; Betty Bara was selected as Volunteer of the Year; and Janie Rivas earned the Citizen of the Year award.
Corporation of the Year is Amarillo Coca-Cola and Budweiser Distributing Co.; Hispanic Business of the Year iwent to Cruz Construction Inc. and La Fiesta Grande Restaurants; and Telemundo T36 was named Media of the Year.
Chamber officers for 2004 are John Cruz, president; P. Daniel Martinez, vice president; Abel G. Bosquez, treasurer; and Sylvia Driskell, secretary.
Members of the board of directors are Joyce Austin, Roy Bara, Eloy Barajas, David Dickerson, Lilia Escajeda, Gilbert Guzman, Bill Mairson, Jesse Morales, Mary Jane Nelson, Gladys Ruiz Paul, Manny Sandoval, Beverly Shumate, Patrick Stone and Roy Urrutia.
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20 Steps to a Kinder, Gentler Frankenaxe
December 6, 2011
In the spirit of Eddie Van Halen, some tips on creating your own unique tone monster (but with more trial and less error).
Read More
Resurrecting A 1965 Shoreline Gold Fender Strat
November 15, 2011
As I checked out this cool Strat, it became immediately clear why it was brought to us. Ouch! Someone had decided to rock out and install a Floyd Rose locking nut and tremolo.
Read More
Stratocaster Parallel/Series Switching
November 15, 2011
In this and next month's column,
we'll explore parallel/series
pickup switching schemes for the
single-coil pickups in your Strat.
Read More
Bringing A Blackface Bassman In From The Cold
November 15, 2011
While the Bassman was
designed for amplifying a bass
guitar, most players today use
them for guitar, since these
amps are able to get a nice
overdriven tone at a somewhat
useable volume.
Read More
Powering Your Board
November 15, 2011
There are three
major issues to consider when
thinking about powering your
pedalboard: voltage, current,
and isolation
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Refretting a '72 Gibson Les Paul Deluxe
October 18, 2011
If you've been reading this column recently, you'll recall we're in the middle of restoring a '72 Gibson Les Paul Deluxe.
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The Stratocaster "Jazz Switch" Mod
October 18, 2011
Prior to 1967, Fender used the following wiring: bridge pickup alone, neck pickup alone, and neck pickup alone with an additional 0.1 µF cap engaged.
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Silence is Golden
October 18, 2011
The electric guitar can be a noisy beast. I'm talking about the unwanted variety of noise that can accompany an electric guitar—buzz, hum, hiss, radio stations, and more—all picked up by the guitar's pickups, its wiring, or something else in its signal chain.
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Tweaking a Silvertone 1484
October 18, 2011
The reverb and tremolo work fairly well, but could be stronger. Do you have any suggestions for making this amp all it can be?
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MOD Kits DIY Introduces the Limited Edition Inducer
October 17, 2011
The Inducer is a Limited Edition tube distortion pedal kit designed around a New-Old-
Stock 6189W JAN Philips vacuum tube.
Read More


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SA Fly Fishing Lefty Kreh Signature Fly Line WF5F Willow Green
http://thumbs.ebaystatic.com/pict/200845556707_0.jpgUS $39.95
End Date: Wednesday May-08-2013 15:32:57 PDT Buy It Now for only: US $39.95 Buy it now | Add to watch list More... |
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Former NFL star Junior Seau was found shot to death at his home Wednesday morning in what police said appeared to be a suicide. He was 43.
Former NFL star Junior Seau was found shot to death at his home Wednesday morning in what police said appeared to be a suicide. He was 43.
Police Chief Frank McCoy said Seau's girlfriend reported finding him unconscious with a gunshot wound to the chest and lifesaving efforts were unsuccessful.
A gun was found near him, McCoy said. Police said no suicide note was found and they didn't immediately know who the gun was registered to.
"We believe it was a suicide," said Oceanside police Lt. Leonard Mata. "There is no indication of foul play."
Seau's mother appeared before reporters, weeping uncontrollably.
"I don't understand ... I'm shocked," Luisa Seau cried out.
Her son gave no indication of a problem when she spoke to him by phone earlier this week, she said.
"He's joking to me, he called me a 'homegirl,'" she said.
Seau was a standout collegiate linebacker at Southern California before going to the San Diego Chargers – his hometown team – whom he led to the Super Bowl following the 1994 season. He was voted to a team-record 12 straight Pro Bowls and was an All-Pro six times in a career that lasted two decades.
"Everyone at the Chargers is in complete shock and disbelief right now. We ask everyone to stop what they're doing and send their prayers to Junior and his family," the team said in a statement.
"It's a sad thing. It's hard to understand," said Bobby Beathard, who as Chargers general manager took Seau with the fifth pick overall in the 1990 draft. "He was really just a great guy. If you drew up a player you'd love to have the opportunity to draft and have on the team and as a teammate, Junior and Rodney (Harrison), they'd be the kind of guys you'd like to have.
"He was a leader emotionally and he played that way," Beathard said. "He was great to young kids. I just can't imagine this, because I've never seen Junior in a down frame of mind. He was always so upbeat and he would keep people up. He practiced the way he played. He made practice fun. He was a coach's dream."
Seau is the eighth member of San Diego's lone Super Bowl team who has died, all before the age of 45. Lew Bush, Shawn Lee, David Griggs, Rodney Culver, Doug Miller, Curtis Whitley and Chris Mims are the others.
Seau's also is among a few recent, unexpected deaths of NFL veterans.
In February 2011, ex-Chicago Bears player Dave Duerson shot himself in the chest. His family has filed a wrongful death suit against the NFL, claiming the league didn't do enough to prevent or treat concussions that severely damaged Duerson's brain before he died.
Page 2 of 3 - Former Atlanta Falcons safety Ray Easterling, who had joined in a concussion-related lawsuit against the league – one of dozens filed in the last year – died last month at age 62. His wife has said he suffered from depression and dementia after taking years of hits.
Seau, however, is not known to have been a plaintiff in the concussion litigation.
Seau remained with the Chargers until 2003 and went on to play with the Miami Dolphins and New England Patriots before retiring after the 2009 season. He amassed 545 tackles, 561/2sacks and 18 interceptions in his career.
"Junior was a fierce competitor whose passion and work ethic lifted his teammates to greater heights. His enthusiasm for the game was infectious and he passed that on to everyone who was around him. He loved the game so much, and no one played with more sheer joy," Dolphins CEO Mike Dee said in a statement.
"Junior was one-of-a-kind. The league will never see anyone like him again."
The Patriots also issued a statement expressing grief over Seau's death.
In October 2010, Seau survived a 100-foot plunge down a seaside cliff in his SUV, hours after he was arrested for investigation of domestic violence at the Oceanside home he shared with his girlfriend. The woman had told authorities that Seau assaulted her during an argument.
There was no evidence of drugs or alcohol involved in the crash, and Seau told authorities he fell asleep while driving. He sustained minor injuries.
Shawn Mitchell, former NFL chaplain for the Chargers, said he knew Seau well and added the football player hosted Bible studies at his home. He said he visited Seau in the hospital after his accident in 2010 and Seau was crying, happy that he had survived.
"He was just grateful to be alive ... and he said the angel of God had protected him," Mitchell said.
Seau said last August after the Chargers announced he would be inducted into the team's Hall of Fame that, "to be part of this kind of fraternity, to be able to go out and play the game that you love, and all the lessons and the friends and acquaintances which you meet along the way, you can't be in a better arena."
More than 100 people gathered outside of Seau's home, only hours after he was found dead. Families showed up with flowers and fans wearing Chargers jerseys waited to get more news.
Seau was beloved in San Diego, where he created a foundation and had a popular restaurant that bore his name.
Louie Lieras, 54, of Oceanside was driving through the area when he saw cars parked outside Seau's house. Once Lieras heard the news about Seau's death, he went home and put on an old Chargers jersey with the linebacker's name on the back.
Page 3 of 3 - "I don't know how you could give this up. This was his backyard. He's never going to see it again," said Lieras, gesturing toward the Pacific Ocean just yards from Seau's front door. "I feel for the family and his children."
Several hours after Seau was found, his body was loaded onto a medical examiner's van and taken away as fans snapped pictures and raised their hands in the air as if in prayer.
Family friend Priscilla Sanga said about 50 friends and family members gathered in the garage where Seau's body lay on a gurney and they had the opportunity to say goodbye.
"Everybody got to see Junior before they took him away," Sanga said. "He looked so peaceful and cold. It was disbelief. We all touched him and kissed him."
Sanga said she last saw Seau about a week ago, hanging out at the harbor and talked to him for about 30 minutes.
"Every time I saw him he seemed happy and never mentioned anything negative," she said.


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Amy was a fantastic guest.
Amy was nice and easy going. She left the apartment nice and tidy ;-)
Amy was a very good guest, i highly recommend her.