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Feature - Transportation Secretary LaHood, U.S. Rep Biggert Visit TTRDC
Broader source: All U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office Webpages (Extended Search)
Secretary LaHood, U.S. Rep Biggert Visit TTRDC Secretary LaHood, U.S. Rep Biggert Visit TTRDC LaHood, Biggert visit TTRDC U.S. Transportation Secretary Ray LaHood and U.S. Representative Judy Biggert review a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) test platform at Argonne National Laboratory, with Argonne deputy division director Don Hillebrand (far left) and Argonne lab director Eric Isaacs (far right). On April 24, U.S. Transportation Secretary Ray LaHood and U.S. Representative Judy Biggert (R-IL-13th) visited Argonne to tour the lab's Transportation Technology Research and Development Center (TTRDC). The visit occurred as Congress looks to reauthorize U.S. transportation programs for another six-year period. It also took place just days after Earth Day. "Earth Day this week served as a reminder of our urgent need for a new
TODAY: Secretary Chu, Secretary LaHood, Colorado Governor Hickenlooper, St.
Broader source: Energy.gov (indexed) [DOE]
Chu, Secretary LaHood, Colorado Governor Chu, Secretary LaHood, Colorado Governor Hickenlooper, St. Paul Mayor Coleman, Tucson Mayor Walkup to Discuss Success of DOE's Clean Cities Program TODAY: Secretary Chu, Secretary LaHood, Colorado Governor Hickenlooper, St. Paul Mayor Coleman, Tucson Mayor Walkup to Discuss Success of DOE's Clean Cities Program April 19, 2011 - 12:00am Addthis WASHINGTON - Today, April, 19, 2011, U.S. Energy Secretary Steven Chu, U.S. Transportation Secretary Ray LaHood, Colorado Governor John Hickenlooper, Mayor Chris Coleman of St. Paul, Minnesota and Mayor Bob Walkup of Tucson, Arizona will hold a media conference call to discuss the success of the Department of Energy's Clean Cities program. Sec. Chu will also announce a new round of funding to support President Obama's goal of putting one million electric vehicles on the road in the
TODAY: Secretary Chu, Secretary LaHood, Colorado Governor Hickenlooper...
Energy Savers [EERE]
TODAY: Secretary Chu, Secretary LaHood, Colorado Governor Hickenlooper, St. Paul Mayor Coleman, Tucson Mayor Walkup to Discuss Success of DOE's Clean Cities Program TODAY:...
Tuesday, Tuesday, April 22, 2008 Part III Department of Defense General Services Administration National Aeronautics and Space Administration 48 CFR Chapter 1; and Parts 1, 2, 4, 12, 52 et al. Federal Acquisition Regulations; Final Rule and Small Entity Compliance Guide VerDate Aug2005 18:14 Apr 21, 2008 Jkt 214001 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 4717 Sfmt 4717 E:\FR\FM\22APR3.SGM 22APR3 mstockstill on PROD1PC66 with RULES3 21772 Federal Register / Vol. 73, No. 78 / Tuesday, April 22, 2008 / Rules and Regulations DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE GENERAL SERVICES ADMINISTRATION NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION 48 CFR Chapter 1 [Docket FAR-2008-0003, Sequence 1] Federal Acquisition Regulation; Federal Acquisition Circular 2005-25; Introduction AGENCIES: Department of Defense (DoD),
December 28, 2004 December 28, 2004 Part III Department of Defense General Services Administration National Aeronautics and Space Administration 48 CFR Chapter 1, Parts 5, 6, et al. Federal Acquisition Circular 2001-27; Introduction, Free Trade Agreements- Australia and Morocco; Small Entity Compliance Guide; Final Rules VerDate jul2003 18:58 Dec 27, 2004 Jkt 205001 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 4717 Sfmt 4717 E:\FR\FM\28DER2.SGM 28DER2 77870 Federal Register / Vol. 69, No. 248 / Tuesday, December 28, 2004 / Rules and Regulations DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE GENERAL SERVICES ADMINISTRATION NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION 48 CFR Chapter 1 Federal Acquisition Circular 2001-27; Introduction AGENCIES: Department of Defense (DoD), General Services Administration (GSA), and National Aeronautics and Space
January 27, 2004 January 27, 2004 0 Part ill ~ ~ Department of Defense General Services Administration National Aeronautics and Space Administration 48 CFR Parts 12, 14, 15, and 52 Federal Acquisition Regulation; m«U'Onic Representations and Certifications; ~=====~~ ~ Representations and Proposed Rule 4012 Federal Register / Vol. 69, No. 17/ Tuesday. January 27. 2004 / Proposed Rules .. . .--~-~ 15.209(g) and FAR 14.213 do permit annual submi88ions if authorized by individual agencies. This rule will establish a requirement for annual submissions by electronic means. In an effort to broaden use and reliance upon e-business applications, the Civilian Agency Acquisition Council and the Defense Acquisition Regulations Council are working with the Office of Federal Procurement Policy to eliminate the need to maintain
vehicle | OpenEI Community
Open Energy Info (EERE)
2012 - 15:16 Historic Fuel Standards auto fuel efficiency obama standards vehicle White House On Tuesday, Ray Lahood, Secretary of the U.S. Department of Transportation, and...
auto | OpenEI Community
Tuesday Webcasts for Industry
Broader source: Energy.gov [DOE]
Learn about AMO's software tools, technologies, partnership opportunities, and other resources by watching the Tuesday Webcasts for Industry. They are held on the first Tuesday of every month from 2:00 to 3:00 p.m. Eastern time and are presented by manufacturers, AMO staff, and industry experts. Register to participate in upcoming Tuesday webcasts by visiting the AMO Events Calendar or Training Calendar. Each entry includes the webcast's date, topic, and registration link, and a detailed description.
TUESDAY: Energy Secretary Moniz to Visit Los Alamos and Sandia National
TUESDAY: Energy Secretary Moniz to Visit Los Alamos and Sandia TUESDAY: Energy Secretary Moniz to Visit Los Alamos and Sandia National Laboratories in New Mexico with Senator Udall, Senator Heinrich, and Representative Lujan TUESDAY: Energy Secretary Moniz to Visit Los Alamos and Sandia National Laboratories in New Mexico with Senator Udall, Senator Heinrich, and Representative Lujan August 29, 2013 - 4:35pm Addthis NEWS MEDIA CONTACT (202) 586-4940 WASHINGTON - Tuesday, Energy Secretary Ernest Moniz will travel to Los Alamos National Laboratory in Los Alamos, New Mexico, and Sandia National Laboratories in Albuquerque, New Mexico, with Senator Tom Udall, Senator Martin Heinrich, and Representative Ben Ray Lujan to participate in closed press tours of the facilities and meet with employees. At Sandia National Laboratories, there will be an open press technology
What You Missed: Tuesday Talk on The National Medals Laureates...
What You Missed: Tuesday Talk on The National Medals Laureates of Science, Technology and Innovation What You Missed: Tuesday Talk on The National Medals Laureates of Science,...
An almost introduction Tuesday, March 12, 2013
E-Print Network [OSTI]
ORC An almost introduction Tuesday, March 12, 2013 #12;Aims · A concurrent language should. · Site returns at most one value. · The value is published. Tuesday, March 12, 2013 #12;ORC programs · Orc program has · a set of definitions · a goal expression · The goal expression is executed. · Its
Baldan, Paolo
Fermilab Today Tuesday, June 2, 2009
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Condensed Matter Theory Center Tuesday, December 13
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October 2014 Natural Phenomena Hazards (NPH) Meeting- Tuesday, October 21st Session Presentations
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Woodall, Jerry M.
Tuesday Talk: Secretary Chu Answers Your Questions LIVE | Department of
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Electricity Advisory Committee Meeting Presentations March 2012 - Tuesday,
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Electricity Advisory Committee Meeting Presentations June 2012 - Tuesday,
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Riehle. Dorothy From: Sent: To: Subject: Bill Green Tuesday.
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obama | OpenEI Community
obama obama Home Graham7781's picture Submitted by Graham7781(1992) Super contributor 27 June, 2013 - 12:39 President Obama presents new Climate Action Plan Climate Action Plan obama OpenEI President President Obama layed out his much anticipated Climate Action Plan tuesday. The President's plan calls for major actions that the administration believes will mitigate the environmental and economic costs of climate change. Obama's six Climate Action Initiatives: 1. Phasing out Fossil Fuels Graham7781's picture Submitted by Graham7781(1992) Super contributor 30 August, 2012 - 15:16 Historic Fuel Standards auto fuel efficiency obama standards vehicle White House On Tuesday, Ray Lahood, Secretary of the U.S. Department of Transportation, and Lisa P. Jackson, Environmental Protection Agency Administrator,
Readout of Secretary Chu's Middle East trip: Tuesday, February 23 |
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MAPS Executive Board Meeting Tuesday March 5 2013
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SUNDAY MONDAY TUESDAY WEDNESDAY THURSDAY FRIDAY SATURDAY Westcott Art Trail
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Sharp, Kim
Introduction Idealized Moist Jet/Front Waves Ray Tracing Momentum Flux/Forcing Conclusion Gravity Waves
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Thompson, Anne
White House | OpenEI Community
White House White House Home Graham7781's picture Submitted by Graham7781(1992) Super contributor 16 August, 2013 - 12:21 New report from White House outlines largest problems facing United States energy grid energy grid OpenEI President Smart Grid United States White House Graham7781's picture Submitted by Graham7781(1992) Super contributor 30 August, 2012 - 15:16 Historic Fuel Standards auto fuel efficiency obama standards vehicle White House On Tuesday, Ray Lahood, Secretary of the U.S. Department of Transportation, and Lisa P. Jackson, Environmental Protection Agency Administrator, unveiled the joint effort, along with the Obama Administration, to create record fuel standards for vehicles built between 2017 and 2025. Syndicate content 429 Throttled (bot load) Error 429 Throttled (bot load)
fuel efficiency | OpenEI Community
fuel efficiency fuel efficiency Home Graham7781's picture Submitted by Graham7781(1992) Super contributor 13 December, 2012 - 14:40 The Apps for Vehicles Challenge has begun! contest data fuel efficiency launch Obama Administration OpenEI Vehicles Data Challenge **Update: Visit the Apps for Vehicles page for all the information you need on the challenge.** Graham7781's picture Submitted by Graham7781(1992) Super contributor 30 August, 2012 - 15:16 Historic Fuel Standards auto fuel efficiency obama standards vehicle White House On Tuesday, Ray Lahood, Secretary of the U.S. Department of Transportation, and Lisa P. Jackson, Environmental Protection Agency Administrator, unveiled the joint effort, along with the Obama Administration, to create record fuel standards for vehicles built between 2017 and 2025.
standards | OpenEI Community
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Historic Fuel Standards | OpenEI Community
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V-133: Microsoft pulls Patch Tuesday security fix | Department of Energy
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NOON TUESDAY: Energy Department to Release New Report on Progress of
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What You Missed: Tuesday Talk on The National Medals Laureates of Science,
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Tuesday Jan 13 2004. All times are London time. Sign up now Take a tour
half of the 21st century. The centre was to have been run and financed by the EU, the US, China, Russia the Japanese and US camp. A European Commission official said on Tuesday that Brussels hoped the conflict could
Physics 116A Homework Set #2 Winter 2011 DUE: TUESDAY JANUARY 18, 2011
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Dear Participant, Welcome to the symposium `Bioenergy Research within SLU' on Tuesday, September 25, at
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In Case You Missed It: Tuesday Talk with Secretary Chu | Department...
Office of Environmental Management (EM)
say 'oh we've lost the race. Now what do we do?' Get it back. This goes right to the heart of a competitive spirit that is a part of America." If you missed out on the Tuesday...
Condensed Matter Theory Center Seminar Tuesday, October 28 at 11:00 AM
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Federal Register Volume 72 Number 117; Tuesday, June 19, 2007
5:19 Jun 18, 2007 5:19 Jun 18, 2007 Jkt 211001 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 4702 Sfmt 4702 E:\FR\FM\19JNP1.SGM 19JNP1 ebenthall on PRODPC61 with PROPOSALS 33696 Federal Register Proposed Rules Vol. 72, No. 117 Tuesday, June 19, 2007 This section of the FEDERAL REGISTER contains notices to the public of the proposed issuance of rules and regulations. The purpose of these notices is to give interested persons an opportunity to participate in the rule making prior to the adoption of the final rules. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy 10 CFR Part 436 RIN 1904-AB68 Federal Procurement of Energy Efficient Products AGENCY: Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Department of Energy (DOE). ACTION: Notice of proposed rulemaking. SUMMARY: The Department of Energy
Federal Register Volume 66 Number 191; Tuesday, October 2, 2001
18:53 Oct 01, 2001 18:53 Oct 01, 2001 Jkt 197001 PO 00000 Frm 00014 Fmt 4703 Sfmt 4703 E:\FR\FM\02OCN1.SGM pfrm01 PsN: 02OCN1 50177 Federal Register / Vol. 66, No. 191 / Tuesday, October 2, 2001 / Notices Walk-in testimony will be accepted as the schedule permits, with priority given to those who have reserved time in advance. Individuals who visit the Las Vegas Science Center to provide testimony will do so in the FOIA (Freedom of Information Act) Reading Room. In addition, citizens can visit DOE Science Centers located in Pahrump, Nevada, and Beatty, Nevada, to submit written comments until the close of the comment period. Comments can also be submitted via e-mail through the web site at www.ymp.gov. Additional information on the comment process at the Science Centers
Federal Register Volume 71 Number 30; Tuesday, February 14, 2006
46 Feb 13, 2006 46 Feb 13, 2006 Jkt 208001 PO 00000 Frm 00029 Fmt 4703 Sfmt 4703 E:\FR\FM\14FEN1.SGM 14FEN1 rmajette on PROD1PC67 with NOTICES 7749 Federal Register / Vol. 71, No. 30 / Tuesday, February 14, 2006 / Notices Abstract: IPEDS is a system of surveys designed to collect basic data from approximately 6,600 Title IV postsecondary institutions in the United States. The IPEDS provides information on numbers of students enrolled, degrees completed, other awards earned, dollars expended, staff employed at postsecondary institutions, and cost and pricing information. The amendments to the Higher Education Act of 1998, Part C, Sec. 131, specify the need for the ''redesign of relevant data systems to improve the usefulness and timeliness of the data collected by such
Federal Register Volume 71 Number 39; Tuesday, February 28, 2006
7:09 Feb 27, 2006 7:09 Feb 27, 2006 Jkt 208001 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 4734 Sfmt 4734 E:\FR\FM\28FECX.SGM 28FECX wwhite on PROD1PC65 with NOTICES 10097 Federal Register Corrections Vol. 71, No. 39 Tuesday, February 28, 2006 This section of the FEDERAL REGISTER contains editorial corrections of previously published Presidential, Rule, Proposed Rule, and Notice documents. These corrections are prepared by the Office of the Federal Register. Agency prepared corrections are issued as signed documents and appear in the appropriate document categories elsewhere in the issue. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Federal Energy Management Program; Standard for Premium Energy Efficient Electric Motors for Federal Acquisition Corrections In notice document 06-1363
Tuesday 27 May 09:30 Philosophy of Cognitive Science. Wednesday 28 May 14:30 Intermediate Philosophy of Physics.
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Join Us Tuesday, Jan. 15 for a Google+ Hangout on Critical Materials |
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Tuesday Webcast for Industry: Key Energy-Saving Activities for Smaller Facilities
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Timber Products' Mississippi mill earns formaldehyde certification Tuesday, February 10, 2009 -Modern Woodworking
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RD-0131 Sent: Tuesday, September 24, 2002 5:52 PM To: firstname.lastname@example.com Subject: Salmon & Power Dear Administrator Wright, I understand that the BPA is undergoing discussions to make changes to power distribution changes continue, I hope that BPA makes it a priority to improve the conditions of wild salmon, as well
Sent: Tuesday, October 08, 2002 8:55 PM To: email@example.com
RD-0266 Sent: Tuesday, October 08, 2002 8:55 PM To: firstname.lastname@example.com Subject: BPA should promote energy, and a healthy economy. The Bonneville Power Administration (BPA) is currently weighing proposals communities. Under the status quo, BPA and other federal agencies have largely failed to meet their legal
Sent: Tuesday, September 24, 2002 8:22 PM To: email@example.com
RD-0128 Sent: Tuesday, September 24, 2002 8:22 PM To: firstname.lastname@example.com Subject: Saving the Salmon for my children and generations to come. The Bonneville Power Administration (BPA) is currently weighing and declining from prior choices made by the BPA. I urge you to consider the salmon and conditions that make
Sent: Tuesday, October 08, 2002 5:38 PM To: firstname.lastname@example.com
RD-0295 Sent: Tuesday, October 08, 2002 5:38 PM To: email@example.com Subject: Clean Energy, Healthy Administration (BPA) is currently weighing proposals to change the way it distributes power from federal dams impacts on salmon and salmon dependent communities. Any allocation plan must maintain and increase BPA
Sent: Tuesday, October 01, 2002 9:14 AM To: email@example.com
RD-0178 Sent: Tuesday, October 01, 2002 9:14 AM To: firstname.lastname@example.com Subject: My input Dear Administration (BPA) is currently weighing proposals to change the way it distributes power from federal dams urge you and the BPA to ensure that any plans to change its power supply role include measures
SEA LEVEL RISE, COASTAL RISK, ADAPTATION OPTIONS TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 27, 2014 For More firstname.lastname@example.com "Sea Level Rise, Coastal Risk, and Adaptation Options" "Looking at what we know about sea level rise will be explored. A special look will be taken at the Philippines and its situation with sea level rise." Skip
Psychology 204 Spring 2007. Tuesdays 5 7:30 PM Industrial Psychology & Organizational Development
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Sanders, Matthew
Methylarsenate Sorption to Soil. Tuesday, November 3, 2009: 3:30 PM
Methylarsenate Sorption to Soil. Tuesday, November 3, 2009: 3:30 PM Convention Center, Room 330 such as cotton, could deleteriously affect human health. The sorption behavior, distribution, bioavailability the potential toxic effects. Therefore, the sorption, desorption, localization and speciation of MMA and DMA
Sparks, Donald L.
Tuesday, March 14, 2006 POSTER SESSION I: AEOLIAN PROCESSES ON MARS: WAR OF THE WHIRLS
Tuesday, March 14, 2006 POSTER SESSION I: AEOLIAN PROCESSES ON MARS: WAR OF THE WHIRLS 7:00 p, and static thresholds were devised. Lunar and Planetary Science XXXVII (2006) full319.pdf #12;DUNE FORMS.F. Mullins, R. Hayward, K.L. Tanaka, U.S. Geological Survey, Astrogeology Team, 2255 N. Gemini Dr. Flagstaff
Week 1, January 6 -10 ('14) [D-4] Hr. Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday
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Cui, Yan
Japan and Asianisation of Tuesday 10 July 2012: 09:00-13:30
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Wirosoetisno, Djoko
Tuesday, July 14th, 2009 Welcome: Kelly Smith My Settings Logout Register Now From this week's Focus
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Sherman, S. Murray
10 Physics Questions to Ponder for a Millennium or Two By GEORGE JOHNSON (NYT Tuesday, August 15, 2000)
10 Physics Questions to Ponder for a Millennium or Two By GEORGE JOHNSON (NYT Tuesday, August 15 a coma 100 years from now," said Dr. David Gross, a theoretical physicist at the University of California
Lawson, Catherine L.
We Want to Hear From You: Live Twitter Q&A Tuesday at Noon | Department of
We Want to Hear From You: Live Twitter Q&A Tuesday at Noon We Want to Hear From You: Live Twitter Q&A Tuesday at Noon We Want to Hear From You: Live Twitter Q&A Tuesday at Noon March 19, 2012 - 11:07am Addthis Visit twitter.com/energy to join our live Twitter Q&A on Tuesday, March 20, at noon ET. Visit twitter.com/energy to join our live Twitter Q&A on Tuesday, March 20, at noon ET. Erin R. Pierce Erin R. Pierce Digital Communications Specialist, Office of Public Affairs How can I participate? To join our live Q&A, visit twitter.com/energy on March 20 at 12 PM ET. Submit questions in advance by tweeting your question to @ENERGY using the #askENERGY hashtag. Have questions about our efforts to promote alternative fuels, advanced vehicles, and fuel efficiency? Then join us at 12PM ET on Tuesday, March
Want to Hear From You: Live Twitter Q&A Tuesday at Noon Want to Hear From You: Live Twitter Q&A Tuesday at Noon We Want to Hear From You: Live Twitter Q&A Tuesday at Noon March 19, 2012 - 11:07am Addthis Visit twitter.com/energy to join our live Twitter Q&A on Tuesday, March 20, at noon ET. Visit twitter.com/energy to join our live Twitter Q&A on Tuesday, March 20, at noon ET. Erin R. Pierce Erin R. Pierce Digital Communications Specialist, Office of Public Affairs How can I participate? To join our live Q&A, visit twitter.com/energy on March 20 at 12 PM ET. Submit questions in advance by tweeting your question to @ENERGY using the #askENERGY hashtag. Have questions about our efforts to promote alternative fuels, advanced vehicles, and fuel efficiency? Then join us at 12PM ET on Tuesday, March
Agenda for the first meeting of the Proton Synchroton and Synchro-Cyclotron Committee to be held on Tuesday, 26 September 1978
Fidecaro, M
Program TUESDAY MAY 1, 2011 8:30 AM REGISTRATION AND POSTER SET-UP 9:00 AM OPENING REMARKS OF TRYPANSOME POL 11 PROMOTOR 10:10 AM BREAK POSTER VIEWING 10:50 AM MEREDITH MORRIS, DEPT. OF BIOLOGICAL AT THE SITE OF PARASITE ENTRY 12:10 PM LUNCH POSTER VIEWING 1:30 PM MELISSA DOCAMPO, CENTER FOR TROPICAL
Arnold, Jonathan
Program TUESDAY � APRIL 30, 2013 8:30 AM REGISTRATION AND POSTER SET-UP 9:00 AM OPENING REMARKS:10 AM BREAK � POSTER VIEWING 10:50 AM KEVIN VOGEL, DEPT. OF ENTOMOLGY, UGA IDENTIFICATION OF A RECEPTOR AND A POTENTIAL NOVEL METHOD OF PARASITE IMMUNE EVASION 12:10 PM LUNCH � POSTER VIEWING 1:30 PM JOHN HARRINGTON
X-rays Illuminate Ancient Archimedes Text
Related Links: Related Links: May 2005 Headlines TIP Article Press Release Walters Art Museum SSRL Home Page SLAC Home Page Stanford Home Page Tuesday, 31 May 2005 X-rays Illuminate Ancient Archimedes Text (contact: Uwe Bergmann, firstname.lastname@example.com) Archimedes Figure Image provided by Will Noel, The Walters Art Museum An early transcription of Archimedes' mathematical theories has been brought to light through the probing of high-intensity x-rays at SSRL's BL6-2. The text contains part of the Method of Mechanical Theorems, one of Archimedes' most important works, which was probably copied out by a scribe in the tenth century. The parchment on which it was written was later scraped down and reused as pages in a twelfth century prayer book, producing a document known as a palimpsest (which comes from the Greek,
From: email@example.com [email@example.com] Sent: Tuesday, February 26, 2013 10:07 PM
From: firstname.lastname@example.com [email@example.com] Sent: Tuesday, February 26, 2013 10:07 PM To: Name, Employee Subject: UCSF PRIVACY TRAINING ASSIGNED TO EMPLOYEE NAME Employee Name, Welcome to UC San patients. To support this commitment, new employees must complete privacy training. UCSF provides various
Klein, Ophir
Tuesday Webcast for Industry: Tax Rebates/Credits Available for Energy Efficiency Actions
Tax Rebates/Credits Available for Energy Tax Rebates/Credits Available for Energy Efficiency Actions Webcast Questions and Answers: May 8, 2012 Presenters: Jeff Harris, Senior Vice President of Programs, Alliance to Save Energy Tim Konicek, Executive Director, CleanTech Partners The U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE's) Advanced Manufacturing Office (AMO) hosts a series of webcasts on the first Tuesday of every month from 2:00 p.m. to 3:00 p.m. Eastern Time. The series helps industrial personnel learn about various ways to save energy and reduce carbon emissions. Jeff Harris, Senior Vice President of the Alliance to Save Energy (ASE), and Tim Konicek, Executive Director of CleanTech Partners on behalf of Focus on Energy, were the presenters for the May 2012 seminar, Tax Rebates/Credits Available for Energy Efficiency
Tuesday Webcasts for Industry: Tax Rebates/Credits Available for Energy Efficiency Actions
Industry: Industry: Tax Rebates/Credits Available for Energy Efficiency Actions May 8, 2012 Industry Sector Incentives for Energy-Efficient Investments Jeffrey Harris Alliance to Save Energy USDOE/AMO Tuesday Webcasts for Industry May 8 2012 About the Alliance to Save Energy We promote energy efficiency worldwide to achieve a healthier economy, a cleaner environment and greater energy security. - Non-profit; headquartered in Washington DC; operations world-wide - 14 Members of Congress - Bi-Cameral; Bi-Partisan - Leaders of environmental, consumer, and trade associations - State and local policy makers, corporate executives - Led by Senator Mark Warner (D-Va.) and Tom King, Chairman of the Board, and President, National Grid USA Overview Role of incentives
Tuesday Webcast for Industry: Key Energy-Saving Projects for Smaller Facilities
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Exploring electronic structure through high-resolution hard x-ray
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MONDAY TUESDAY WEDNESDAY THURSDAY FRIDAY SATURDAY SUNDAY Boot Camp Butt and Gut Boot Camp Butt and Gut Boot Camp
MONDAY TUESDAY WEDNESDAY THURSDAY FRIDAY SATURDAY SUNDAY 7:00am Boot Camp Butt and Gut Boot Camp Butt and Gut Boot Camp 7:30am 8:00am Women's Strength Training Program (7-8am) Women's Strength Kickboxing Tabata (12:10-12:50pm) Bands and Buns Step Muscle Mix Cardio Kickbox Boot Camp Core Chisel 12:30pm
Dawson, Jeff W.
January 14, 2014 Tuesday SORTS Seminar -Time Management ARC 6:00p 7:00p ESB G102 Student Success Seminar Sign In January 16, 2014 Thursday NASA Lecture NASA IV&V 11:00a 12:00p ESB G84 Career Exploration & Planning PreRegister
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Mohaghegh, Shahab
Federal Register/Vol. 63, No. 144/ Tuesday, July 28, 1998/ Proposed Rules
Alternative Fuels and Advanced Vehicles Data Center [Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE)]
40202 40202 Federal Register / Vol. 63, No. 144 / Tuesday, July 28, 1998 / Proposed Rules Authority: 5 U.S.C. 5542; 7 U.S.C. 1622; 19 U.S.C. 1306; 21 U.S.C. 102-105, 111, 114, 114a, 134a, 134b, 134c, 134d, 134f, 135, 136, and 136a; 7 CFR 2.22, 2.80, and 371.2(d). 2. In § 130.8, paragraph (a) would be amended by adding a new entry at the end of the table to read as follows: § 130.8 User fees for other services. (a) * * * Service User fee * * * * * * * Embryo collection center inspection and approval ................................... $278.50 for all inspections required during the year for facility approval. * * * * * § 130.21 [Amended] 3. In § 130.21, paragraph (a)(6) would be amended by removing the words ''embryo or'' and adding the words ''artificial insemination center or a'' in
Tuesday Webcast for Industry: Enegaging Supply Chains in Energy Management, Webcast Questions and Answers: April 10, 2012
Engaging Supply Chains in Energy Management Engaging Supply Chains in Energy Management Webcast Questions and Answers: April 10, 2012 Presenters: Ron Reising, Senior Vice President and Chief Procurement Officer, Duke Energy; Treasurer, Electric Utility Industry Sustainable Supply Chain Alliance Eric Battino, Supplier Sustainability Manager, PepsiCo The U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE's) Advanced Manufacturing Office (AMO) hosts a series of webcasts on the first Tuesday of every month from 2:00 p.m. to 3:00 p.m. Eastern Time. The series helps industrial personnel learn about software
In situ X-ray Characterization of Energy Storage Materials | Stanford
X-ray Characterization of Energy Storage Materials X-ray Characterization of Energy Storage Materials Tuesday, July 9, 2013 - 11:00am SLAC, Conference Room 137-322 Presented by Johanna Nelson, Stanford Postdoctoral Scholar, SSRL MSD Hard X-ray Department A key factor in the global move towards clean, renewable energy is the electrification of the automobile. Current battery technology limits EV (electric vehicles) to a short travel range, slow recharge, and costly price tag. Li-ion batteries promise the high specific capacity required for EVs to travel 300+ miles on a single charge with a number of possible earth abundant anode and cathode materials; however, set backs such as capacity fading hinder the full capability of these rechargeable batteries. In order to accurately characterize the dynamic electrochemical processes at the
?-ray astronomy
Science Journals Connector (OSTI)
... THE title on the cover of this book reads Gamma-Ray Astronomy but inside a subtitle, Nuclear Transition Region has been added. This uncertainty as to ... an uneven quality to what is, otherwise, a valuable contribution to this field of astronomy.
R. R. Hillier
This year's annual technical meeting will be held on Monday and Tuesday. Wednesday is optional and is intended for software demonstrations. We will be at a new meeting location with exceptional food and, as usual, excellent
: consortium status, summary of projects, accomplishments, and deliverables: Carlos Torres-Verdín. 9:00 AM Software status and future developments: Carlos Torres-Verdín. 9:30 AM Break TECHNICAL PRESENTATIONS (Part-17 (Monday, Tuesday and Wednesday), 2011 Center for Petroleum and Geosystems Engineering Department
Torres-Verdín, Carlos
The Shorthorn: Casey Crane Robert Arrowood, Carrizo Oil and Gas, Inc. representative, takes local homeowners' questions about on-campus natural gas drilling in an Arlington office complex Tuesday.
that plans to drill on university property. Carrizo Oil and Gas, Inc. recently signed a one-year leaseThe Shorthorn: Casey Crane Robert Arrowood, Carrizo Oil and Gas, Inc. representative, takes local homeowners' questions about on-campus natural gas drilling in an Arlington office complex Tuesday. Jenna
Chiao, Jung-Chih
Z:\\gis553_lab\\lab5\\grid2poly.py Tuesday, February 18, 2014 8:30 PM # Create a square quadrat (polygon) dataset based on the input feature class.
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Hung, I-Kuai
Gamma Ray Bursts
Olson. �Observations of gamma-ray bursts of cosmic origin. �E. Lingenfelter. �Gamma-ray bursts. � Annual Review of652-654. Waxman, Eli. �Gamma-ray-burst afterglow: supporting
Stahl, Bennett
Gamma�ray bursts
...R. Priest and N. O. Weiss Gamma-ray bursts Martin J. Rees Institute of...Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA, UK Gamma-ray bursts, an enigma for more than 25...gamma-rays|neutron stars| Gamma-ray bursts By Martin J. Rees Institute...
Gamma ray burst positrons
The international network of gamma ray burst detectors has provided redundant localizations for six gamma ray bursts with accuracies in the arcminute range. Catalog radio soft X?ray and optical searches have been performed for some of these events. The results of these searches are reviewed. Although radio X?ray and optical candidates are found in the error boxes no clear association between gamma ray bursts and other forms of emission has emerged to date. Optical radio searches are continuing.
K. Hurley
Gamma ray generator
DOE Patents [OSTI]
An embodiment of a gamma ray generator includes a neutron generator and a moderator. The moderator is coupled to the neutron generator. The moderator includes a neutron capture material. In operation, the neutron generator produces neutrons and the neutron capture material captures at least some of the neutrons to produces gamma rays. An application of the gamma ray generator is as a source of gamma rays for calibration of gamma ray detectors.
Firestone, Richard B; Reijonen, Jani
Tuesday, August 24, 2010
_;o7 _;o7 Project Information Project Title: TP Rotary Steerable Tool Date: 7-29-10 DOE Code: 71096 Contractor Code: 8067-783 Project Lead: Frank Ingham Project Overview 1. Brief project description [include The purpose of this project is to test a new design Rotary Steerable Tool (TP RS) that will drill a vertical hole anything that could impact the by detecting hole deviation and correcting back to vertical. This test will coordinate with an ongoing drilling environment] operation to allow the insertion of the TP RS tool downhole to accumulate a few hours of drilling time and footage as allowed in the cost estimate with minimal disruption of operations. Associated operations will be 2. Legal location tripping, make up of Partner tools and insertion into BHA, tripping, drilling, tripping, breakdown, laydown, and
24. Cosmic rays 1 24. COSMIC RAYS
electrons, protons and helium, as well as carbon, oxygen, iron, and other nuclei synthesized in stars) and the intensity of the cosmic rays with energies below about 10 GeV. In addition, the lower-energy cosmic rays the intensity of any component of the cosmic radiation in the GeV range depends both on the location and time
26. Cosmic rays 1 26. COSMIC RAYS
HAWC ?-Ray Observatory
(HAWC) Gamma Ray Observatory formally began operations. HAWC is designed to study the origin of very high-energy cosmic rays and observe the most energetic objects in the known...
Ray J. Corey- Biography
Ray Corey currently serves as the Assistance Manager for Safety and Environment at the DOE Richland Operations office (RL).
Gamma-ray Astronomy
The relevance of gamma-ray astronomy to the search for the origin of the galactic and, to a lesser extent, the ultra-high-energy cosmic rays has long been recognised. The current renaissance in the TeV gamma-ray field has resulted in a wealth of new data on galactic and extragalactic particle accelerators, and almost all the new results in this field were presented at the recent International Cosmic Ray Conference (ICRC). Here I summarise the 175 papers submitted on the topic of gamma-ray astronomy to the 30th ICRC in Merida, Mexico in July 2007.
Jim Hinton
Parallel Seismic Ray Tracing
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 3.4.1 Rotated Take-Off Angle Mesh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 3.4.2 Rotated Cubed Sphere Mesh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 3.4.3 Ray Tube Interpolation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 3.5 Theoretical Model..., the ray parameters are defined as ?1 = ?(declination), ?2 = ?(azimuth), and ?3 = ?(travel-time). (b) Suppose we have a unit cube centered at the source point, then a ray can be traced from the source point through an evenly discretized point on the face...
Jain, Tarun K
Cosmic Ray Astronomy
Cosmic ray astronomy attempts to identify and study the sources of ultrahigh energy cosmic rays. It is unique in its reliance on charged particles as the information carriers. While no discrete source of ultrahigh energy cosmic rays has been identified so far, a new generation of detectors is acquiring the huge exposure that is needed at the highest energies, where deflection by magnetic fields is minimized and the background from distant sources is eliminated by pion photoproduction. In this paper, we summarize the status of cosmic ray astronomy, describing the detectors and the analysis techniques.
Paul Sommers; Stefan Westerhoff
Gamma Ray Bursts Sudden, intense flashes of gamma rays
Gamma Ray Bursts #12;The Case Sudden, intense flashes of gamma rays come from nowhere and disappear with out a trace. Incredibly powerful: A single gamma ray burst is hundreds of times brighter a supernova #12;Who Vela (1960's) Looking for arms testing, found gamma ray bursts Compton Gamma Ray Observatory
Washington at Seattle, University of - Department of Physics, Electroweak Interaction Research Group
Gamma-ray bursts have been detected at photon energies up to tens of GeV. We review some recent developments in the X-ray to GeV photon phenomenology in the light of Swift and Fermi observations, and some of the theoretical models developed to explain them, with a view towards implications for C.T.A.
Peter M�sz�ros
Chest x-Rays
The B-reading is a special reading of a standard chest x-ray film performed by a physician certified by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). The reading looks for changes on the chest x-ray that may indicate exposure and disease caused by agents such as asbestos or silica.
Gamma ray bursts
The time histories size spectrum spatial distribution and repetition rates of gamma ray bursts are reviewed briefly. Evidence for a neutron star origin for gamma ray bursts may be found in many of these aspects of bursters. New results from optical searches are described. Substantial progress has been made recently in the optical identificaiton of the 1978 November 19 burst.
X-ray beamsplitter
An x-ray beamsplitter which splits an x-ray beam into two coherent parts by reflecting and transmitting some fraction of an incident beam has applications for x-ray interferometry, x-ray holography, x-ray beam manipulation, and x-ray laser cavity output couplers. The beamsplitter is formed of a wavelength selective multilayer thin film supported by a very thin x-ray transparent membrane. The beamsplitter resonantly transmits and reflects x-rays through thin film interference effects. A thin film is formed of 5--50 pairs of alternate Mo/Si layers with a period of 20--250 A. The support membrane is 10--200 nm of silicon nitride or boron nitride. The multilayer/support membrane structure is formed across a window in a substrate by first forming the structure on a solid substrate and then forming a window in the substrate to leave a free-standing structure over the window. 6 figs.
Ceglio, N.M.; Stearns, D.G.; Hawryluk, A.M.; Barbee, T.W. Jr.
An x-ray beamsplitter which splits an x-ray beam into two coherent parts by reflecting and transmitting some fraction of an incident beam has applications for x-ray interferometry, x-ray holography, x-ray beam manipulation, and x-ray laser cavity output couplers. The beamsplitter is formed of a wavelength selective multilayer thin film supported by a very thin x-ray transparent membrane. The beamsplitter resonantly transmits and reflects x-rays through thin film interference effects. A thin film is formed of 5-50 pairs of alternate Mo/Si layers with a period of 20-250 A. The support membrane is 10-200 nm of silicon nitride or boron nitride. The multilayer/support membrane structure is formed across a window in a substrate by first forming the structure on a solid substrate and then forming a window in the substrate to leave a free-standing structure over the window.
Ceglio, Natale M. (Livermore, CA); Stearns, Daniel S. (Mountain View, CA); Hawryluk, Andrew M. (Modesto, CA); Barbee, Jr., Troy W. (Palo Alto, CA)
X-ray binaries
We review the nuclear astrophysics aspects of accreting neutron stars in X-ray binaries. We summarize open astrophysical questions in light of recent observations and their relation to the underlying nuclear physics. Recent progress in the understanding of the nuclear physics, especially of X-ray bursts, is also discussed.
H. Schatz; K. E. Rehm
Gamma-ray binaries
Recent observations have shown that some compact stellar binaries radiate the highest energy light in the universe. The challenge has been to determine the nature of the compact object and whether the very high energy gamma-rays are ultimately powered by pulsar winds or relativistic jets. Multiwavelength observations have shown that one of the three gamma-ray binaries known so far, PSR B1259-63, is a neutron star binary and that the very energetic gamma-rays from this source and from another gamma-ray binary, LS I +61 303, may be produced by the interaction of pulsar winds with the wind from the companion star. At this time it is an open question whether the third gamma-ray binary, LS 5039, is also powered by a pulsar wind or a microquasar jet, where relativistic particles in collimated jets would boost the energy of the wind from the stellar companion to TeV energies.
I. F. Mirabel
Mono-Energetic Gamma-ray (MEGa-ray)
(MeV) spectral range. MEGa-ray Rendering In the mono-energetic gamma-ray (MEGA-ray) device, electrons and laser photons crash head-on, creating a backscatter of gamma...
X-ray absorption spectroscopy
009-9473-8 REVIEW X-ray absorption spectroscopy Junko Yano �and application of X-ray absorption spectroscopy, bothX-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) and extended X-
Yano, Junko; Yachandra, Vittal K.
X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy
type: Review X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy Junko Yano andPhotosystem II; XAS, X-ray absorption spectroscopy; EXAFS,X-ray absorption fine structure; EPR, electron paramagnetic
Yano, Junko
X-ray laser
An X-ray laser (10) that lases between the K edges of carbon and oxygen, i.e. between 44 and 23 Angstroms, is provided. The laser comprises a silicon (12) and dysprosium (14) foil combination (16) that is driven by two beams (18, 20) of intense line focused (22, 24) optical laser radiation. Ground state nickel-like dysprosium ions (34) are resonantly photo-pumped to their upper X-ray laser state by line emission from hydrogen-like silicon ions (32). The novel X-ray laser should prove especially useful for the microscopy of biological specimens.
Nilsen, Joseph (Livermore, CA)
X-Ray Generators
There are many types of X-ray generators sold commercially. The following are some of ... that should be considered when selecting a particular generator for a particular purpose. All the companies listed below s...
Reuben Rudman
Cosmic rays in astrospheres
Cosmic rays passing through large astrospheres can be efficiently cooled inside these "cavities" in the interstellar medium. Moreover, the energy spectra of these energetic particles are already modulated in front of the astrospherical bow shocks. We study the cosmic ray flux in and around lambda Cephei as an example for an astrosphere. The large-scale plasma flow is modeled hydrodynamically with radiative cooling. We studied the cosmic ray flux in a stellar wind cavity using a transport model based on stochastic differential equations. The required parameters, most importantly, the elements of the diffusion tensor, are based on the heliospheric parameters. The magnetic field required for the diffusion coefficients is calculated kinematically. We discuss the transport in an astrospheric scenario with varying parameters for the transport coefficients. We show that large stellar wind cavities can act as sinks for the galactic cosmic ray flux and thus can give rise to small-scale anisotropies in the direction to...
Scherer, Klaus; Bomans, Dominik; Ferreira, Stefan; Fichtner, Horst; Kleimann, Jens; Strauss, Dutoit; Weis, Kerstin; Wiengarten, Tobias; Wodzinski, Thomas
Gamma-Ray Bursts
Gamma-ray bursts are the most luminous explosions in the Universe, and their origin and mechanism are the focus of intense research and debate. More than three decades after their discovery, and after pioneering breakthroughs from space and ground experiments, their study is entering a new phase with the recently launched Swift satellite. The interplay between these observations and theoretical models of the prompt gamma ray burst and its afterglow is reviewed.
P. Meszaros
Cosmic Rays and Gamma Ray Bursts From Microblazars
Highly relativistic jets from merger and accretion induced collapse of compact stellar objects, which may produce the cosmological gamma ray bursts (GRBs), are also very efficient and powerful cosmic ray accelerators. The expected luminosity, energy spectrum and chemical composition of cosmic rays from Galactic GRBs, most of which do not point in our direction, can explain the observed properties of Galactic cosmic rays.
Arnon Dar
Gamma ray camera
A gamma ray camera for detecting rays emanating from a radiation source such as an isotope. The gamma ray camera includes a sensor array formed of a visible light crystal for converting incident gamma rays to a plurality of corresponding visible light photons, and a photosensor array responsive to the visible light photons in order to form an electronic image of the radiation therefrom. The photosensor array is adapted to record an integrated amount of charge proportional to the incident gamma rays closest to it, and includes a transparent metallic layer, photodiode consisting of a p-i-n structure formed on one side of the transparent metallic layer, and comprising an upper p-type layer, an intermediate layer and a lower n-type layer. In the preferred mode, the scintillator crystal is composed essentially of a cesium iodide (CsI) crystal preferably doped with a predetermined amount impurity, and the p-type upper intermediate layers and said n-type layer are essentially composed of hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H). The gamma ray camera further includes a collimator interposed between the radiation source and the sensor array, and a readout circuit formed on one side of the photosensor array.
Perez-Mendez, Victor (Berkeley, CA)
A gamma ray camera is disclosed for detecting rays emanating from a radiation source such as an isotope. The gamma ray camera includes a sensor array formed of a visible light crystal for converting incident gamma rays to a plurality of corresponding visible light photons, and a photosensor array responsive to the visible light photons in order to form an electronic image of the radiation therefrom. The photosensor array is adapted to record an integrated amount of charge proportional to the incident gamma rays closest to it, and includes a transparent metallic layer, photodiode consisting of a p-i-n structure formed on one side of the transparent metallic layer, and comprising an upper p-type layer, an intermediate layer and a lower n-type layer. In the preferred mode, the scintillator crystal is composed essentially of a cesium iodide (CsI) crystal preferably doped with a predetermined amount impurity, and the p-type upper intermediate layers and said n-type layer are essentially composed of hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H). The gamma ray camera further includes a collimator interposed between the radiation source and the sensor array, and a readout circuit formed on one side of the photosensor array. 6 figs.
Perez-Mendez, V.
The poster and demo session of CPSWeek 2011 will be held at 5:00PM on Tuesday in the Grand Foyer. Dinner will be served starting at 6:30PM on the fourth floor, but presenters are invited to attend their posters and
1 The poster and demo session of CPSWeek 2011 will be held at 5:00PM on Tuesday in the Grand Foyer their posters and demos until 6:45PM. All presentations are listed at the end of this document. Each presentation has an ID number, which is assigned to a specific poster easel and/or demo table to be found
Liberzon, Daniel
X-ray beam finder
An X-ray beam finder for locating a focal spot of an X-ray tube includes a mass of X-ray opaque material having first and second axially-aligned, parallel-opposed faces connected by a plurality of substantially identical parallel holes perpendicular to the faces and a film holder for holding X-ray sensitive film tightly against one face while the other face is placed in contact with the window of an X-ray head.
Gilbert, H.W.
Cosmic Ray Physics
Cosmic ray story begins at the beginning of XX century. More then 100 years later, most of the main issues are still open questions, as sources, acceleration mechanism, propagation and composition. There is a continuing fascination with the studies of cosmic radiation mostly from the several contradictions connected to its observation. The radiation has an energy spectrum ranging from $\\sim$ 1 GeV to beyond 10$^{20}$ eV with a flux going from 1 particle per m$^2$ per $\\mu$s to less then 1 particle per km$^2$ per century, and so very different experimental techniques are needed to perform cosmic ray measurements in the different energy intervals. In this contribution the actual experimental status of cosmic ray knowledge will be reviewed.
D'Urso, Domenico
X-ray Spectrometry
These provide excellent energy resolution for a wide range of X-ray energies, from the optical range up to several kiloelectronvolts. ... The Astro-E2 launched in 2005 was the first mission that contained a low-temperature microcalorimeter-based observatory, and three more low-temperature detector-based observatories are being developed (NeXT, Constellation-X, ZEUS). ...
Imre Szal�ki; J�nos Os�n; Ren� E. Van Grieken
Gamma?ray bursts
The distribution of ??ray bursts as observed by BATSE rules out the galactic disk origin and it is consistent with the cosmological origin. Much work is currently done to reconcile galactic halo distribution with the absence of dipole and quadrupole moments in the positions of BATSE bursts. A relativistic expansion of the source is implied by both the halo as well as cosmological origin.
Bohdan Paczy?ski
Cosmic ray research Public lecture
energy cosmic rays in Argentina 2 p.m., Wednesday, October 6, 2010 128 Jabara Hall Watkins Visiting powerful, high-energy cosmic rays that periodically bombard Earth. The project includes more than 450
X-Ray Afterglows from Gamma-Ray Bursts
We consider possible interpretations of the recently detected X-ray afterglow from the gamma-ray burst source GRB 970228. Cosmological and Galactic models of gamma-ray bursts predict different flux and spectral evolution of X-ray afterglows. We show that models based on adiabatic expansion of relativistic forward shocks require very efficient particle energization or postburst reacceleration during the expansion. Cooling neutron star models predict a very distinctive spectral and flux evolution that can be tested in current X-ray data.
M. Tavani
Gamma-ray burst models
...research-article Discussion Meeting Issue Gamma-ray bursts organized by Alan Wells, Ralph...J. Wijers and Martin Rees Gamma-ray burst models Andrew King * * ( ark...various possibilities for making gamma-ray bursts, particularly from close binaries...
Tunable X-ray source
A method for the production of X-ray bunches tunable in both time and energy level by generating multiple photon, X-ray, beams through the use of Thomson scattering. The method of the present invention simultaneously produces two X-ray pulses that are tunable in energy and/or time.
Boyce, James R. (Williamsburg, VA)
Cosmic Ray Telescopes
Cosmic Ray Muon Detectors Cosmic Ray Muon Detectors Particle Physics Using Nature's Accelerator Somewhere out there is a list of "10 Things a Physics Teacher is Least Likely to Say." If one were to find this list, it would have on it such gems as #7. Let's challenge the PE Dept to a game of rugby and #4. I don't care if you understand the concept, just give me the correct answer to 12 sig figs. Finally, you'd get down to the biggie, the thing physics teachers never say: #1. Let's do a particle physics lab right here at Podunk Corners High! The traditional reasons for this are that everyone knows that particle physics is only done with Vastly Expensive and Complicated Equipment run by casts of thousands of Highly Qualified Scientists and that particle physics is Difficult and Arcane.
A meeting is planned Tuesday
Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) -- a test bed for what is being billed as a safe and inexhaustible | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Google It: International Thermonuclear Spokesman Fabio Fabbi Questions Eu Optimism Experimental Reactor
CMRR SEIS commments Tuesday Final
National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA)
estimated: * Waste generation may double, triple, or even quadruple, which violates DOE pollution prevention policies; * Air emissions are expected to increase several fold; and...
The segmented STJ operated at total count rates of above 105 counts/s, and the best-achieved energy resolution of their single STJ was found to be 10 eV for X-ray energies below 1 keV. ... The Mo?Au TES, with an operating temperature of 230 mK, was developed for the Constellation-X mission and the energy resolution of the spectrometer is ?28 eV at 3.3 keV. ...
Imre Szal�ki; Szabina B. T�r�k; Jasna Injuk; Ren� E. Van Grieken
High energy cosmic rays, gamma rays and neutrinos from AGN
The author reviews a model for the emission of high energy cosmic rays, gamma-rays and neutrinos from AGN (Active Galactic Nuclei) that he has proposed since 1985. Further discussion of the knee energy phenomenon of the cosmic ray energy spectrum requires the existence of a heavy particle with mass in the knee energy range. A possible method of detecting such a particle in the Pierre Auger Project is suggested. Also presented is a relation between the spectra of neutrinos and gamma-rays emitted from AGN. This relation can be tested by high energy neutrino detectors such as ICECUBE, the Mediterranean Sea Detector and possibly by the Pierre Auger Project.
Yukio Tomozawa
Microsoft Word - ray_abstract
Change of electron capture nuclear decay rate in different media and under compression Amlan Ray Variable Energy Cyclotron Center 1AF, Bidhan Nagar Kolkata - 700064 India The...
Gamma-ray burst populations.
??Over the last fifty years the field of gamma-ray bursts has shown incredible growth, but the amassing of data has also left observers and theorists� (more)
Virgili, Francisco J.
SciTech Connect (OSTI)
This review gives a brief description of the theory and application of X-ray absorption spectroscopy, both X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) and extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS), especially, pertaining to photosynthesis. The advantages and limitations of the methods are discussed. Recent advances in extended EXAFS and polarized EXAFS using oriented membranes and single crystals are explained. Developments in theory in understanding the XANES spectra are described. The application of X-ray absorption spectroscopy to the study of the Mn4Ca cluster in Photosystem II is presented.
X-ray fluorescence mapping
biololgical cells, over the measurement of impurities in solar cells, to the rare earth content of geological materials. A somewhat 'typical' layout for a X-ray fluorescence...
Light Curves of Swift Gamma Ray Bursts
Recent observations from the Swift gamma-ray burst mission indicate that a fraction of gamma ray bursts are characterized by a canonical behaviour of the X-ray afterglows. We present an effective theory which allows us to account for X-ray light curves of both (short - long) gamma ray bursts and X-ray rich flashes. We propose that gamma ray bursts originate from massive magnetic powered pulsars.
Paolo Cea
Ultrahigh Energy Cosmic Rays and Prompt TeV Gamma Rays from Gamma Ray Bursts
Gamma Ray Bursts (GRBs) have been proposed as one {\\it possible} class of sources of the Ultrahigh Energy Cosmic Ray (UHECR) events observed up to energies $\\gsim10^{20}\\ev$. The synchrotron radiation of the highest energy protons accelerated within the GRB source should produce gamma rays up to TeV energies. Here we briefly discuss the implications on the energetics of the GRB from the point of view of the detectability of the prompt TeV gamma rays of proton-synchrotron origin in GRBs in the up-coming ICECUBE muon detector in the south pole.
Pijushpani Bhattacharjee; Nayantara Gupta
Cosmic Rays and Experiment CZELTA
This paper gives a review of the physics of cosmic rays with emphasis on the methods of detection and study. A summary is given of the Czech project CZELTA which is part of a multinational program to study cosmic rays with energies above 10{sup 14} eV.
Smolek, Karel; Nyklicek, Michal [Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics, Czech Technical University in Prague, Horska 3a/22, 128 00 Prague 2 (Czech Republic); Kovacikova, Petra [Faculty of Philosophy and Science, Silesian University in Opava, Bezrucovo namesti 13, 746 01 Opava (Czech Republic)
Gamma-ray events thunderclouds
stage of rocket-triggered lightning #12;The gamma-ray flash occurred at the same time the upward leader radiation is also produced by natural lightning during the stepped leader phase. · Dwyer et al. 2003, 2004 found that x-rays are also produced by triggered lightning dart leaders. · At present, the only viable
California at Berkeley, University of
On the broken ray transform
This PhD thesis studies the broken ray transform, a generalization of the geodesic X-ray transform where geodesics are replaced with broken rays that reflect on a part of the boundary. The fundamental question is whether this transform is injective. We employ four different methods to approach this question, and each of them gives interesting results. Direct calculation can be used in a ball, where the geometry is particularly simple. If the reflecting part of the boundary is (piecewise) flat, a reflection argument can be used to reduce the problem to the usual X-ray transform. In some geometries one can use broken rays near the boundary to determine the values of the unknown function at the reflector, and even construct its Taylor series. One can also use energy estimates -- which in this context are known as Pestov identities -- to show injectivity in the presence of one convex reflecting obstacle. Many of these methods work also on Riemannian manifolds. We also discuss the periodic broken ray transform, where the integrals are taken over periodic broken rays. The broken ray transform and its periodic version have applications in other inverse problems, including Calder\\'on's problem and problems related to spectral geometry. A more detailed abstract can be found in the PDF file. This version only contains the introductory parts of the thesis. The full thesis also contains five articles.
Joonas Ilmavirta
The Origin of Cosmic Rays
ScienceCinema (OSTI)
Cosmic Rays reach the Earth from space with energies of up to more than 1020 eV, carrying information on the most powerful particle accelerators that Nature has been able to assemble. Understanding where and how cosmic rays originate has required almost one century of investigations, and, although the last word is not written yet, recent observations and theory seem now to fit together to provide us with a global picture of the origin of cosmic rays of unprecedented clarity. Here we will describe what we learned from recent observations of astrophysical sources (such as supernova remnants and active galaxies) and we will illustrate what these observations tell us about the physics of particle acceleration and transport. We will also discuss the ?end? of the Galactic cosmic ray spectrum, which bridges out attention towards the so called ultra high energy cosmic rays (UHECRs). At ~1020 eV the gyration scale of cosmic rays in cosmic magnetic fields becomes large enough to allow us to point back to their sources, thereby allowing us to perform ?cosmic ray astronomy?, as confirmed by the recent results obtained with the Pierre Auger Observatory. We will discuss the implications of these observations for the understanding of UHECRs, as well as some questions which will likely remain unanswered and will be the target of the next generation of cosmic ray experiments.
Pasquale Blasi
X-ray shearing interferometer
An x-ray interferometer for analyzing high density plasmas and optically opaque materials includes a point-like x-ray source for providing a broadband x-ray source. The x-rays are directed through a target material and then are reflected by a high-quality ellipsoidally-bent imaging crystal to a diffraction grating disposed at 1.times. magnification. A spherically-bent imaging crystal is employed when the x-rays that are incident on the crystal surface are normal to that surface. The diffraction grating produces multiple beams which interfere with one another to produce an interference pattern which contains information about the target. A detector is disposed at the position of the image of the target produced by the interfering beams.
Koch, Jeffrey A. (Livermore, CA)
Optics for X-Ray Laser and Laser Plasma Soft X-Ray Radiation
Focusing X-ray grazing incidence optics for X-ray laser and laser plasma soft X-ray radiation has been studied. ... computer code. Parabolic axisymmetric mirror for focusing Princeton X-ray laser beam and ellipso...
L. Pina; A. Inneman; R. Hudec
X-ray Stacking 2008-Apr-22 Astrostats X-ray Stacking
X-ray Stacking 2008-Apr-22 Astrostats X-ray Stacking Tom Aldcroft SAO/CXC #12;X-ray Stacking 2008 analysis for a sample Stacking mean properties of sample Chandra X-ray data (faint point sources) are photon-limited with low background => stacking in X-rays is very effective #12;X-ray Stacking 2008-Apr-22
Wolfe, Patrick J.
Studying Gamma Ray Bursts from a
Studying Gamma Ray Bursts from a new perspective! {... Unraveling some mysteries and adding new Radio Op0cal X-ray Short ( energy -ray photons... ... accompained by a considerable long las0ng emission
�?umer, Slobodan
SMB, X-Ray Spectroscopy & Imaging
Home X-Ray Spectroscopy & Imaging X-Ray Spectroscopy & Imaging SSRL has five hard X-ray Spectroscopy beamlines and three Microfocus Imaging beamlines dedicated to Biological and...
Lensless X-Ray Imaging in Reflection
Lensless X-Ray Imaging in Reflection Lensless X-Ray Imaging in Reflection Print Wednesday, 26 October 2011 00:00 The advent of x-ray free-electron laser (XFEL) light sources has...
Center for X-Ray Optics, 1992
This report discusses the following topics: Center for X-Ray Optics; Soft X-Ray Imaging wit Zone Plate Lenses; Biological X-Ray microscopy; Extreme Ultraviolet Lithography for Nanoelectronic Pattern Transfer; Multilayer Reflective Optics; EUV/Soft X-ray Reflectometer; Photoemission Microscopy with Reflective Optics; Spectroscopy with Soft X-Rays; Hard X-Ray Microprobe; Coronary Angiography; and Atomic Scattering Factors.
Not Available
Fiber fed x-ray/gamma ray imaging apparatus
X-ray/gamma ray imaging apparatus is disclosed for detecting the position, energy, and intensity of x-ray/gamma ray radiation comprising scintillation means disposed in the path of such radiation and capable of generating photons in response to such radiation; first photodetection means optically bonded to the scintillation means and capable of generating an electrical signal indicative of the intensity, and energy of the radiation detected by the scintillation means; second photodetection means capable of generating an electrical signal indicative of the position of the radiation in the radiation pattern; and means for optically coupling the scintillation means to the second photodetection means. The photodetection means are electrically connected to control and storage means which may also be used to screen out noise by rejecting a signal from one photodetection means not synchronized to a signal from the other photodetection means; and also to screen out signals from scattered radiation.
Hailey, Charles J. (San Francisco, CA); Ziock, Klaus-Peter (Livermore, CA)
Center for X-Ray Optics, 1991
This report discusses: Soft-X-Ray imaging with zone-plate lenses; multilayer reflective optics; and spectroscopy with x-rays.
Ray Smith | Y-12 National Security Complex
Ray Smith Ray Smith Oral History Videos Speakers INTRODUCTION Ed Bailey Jim Bailey Kay Bailey Ken Bernander Willard Brock Wilma Brooks Elmer Brummitt Naomi Brummitt Blake Case...
SMB, X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy
Absorption Spectroscopy X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) is a well-established technique for simultaneous local geometric and electronic structure...
Secretary Chu, Mayor Stanton to Unveil Phase Two of Nation's...
Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) Indexed Site
Link Addthis Related Articles In Arizona, Helping Communities Realize the Promise of Solar Power TODAY: Secretary Chu, Secretary LaHood, Colorado Governor Hickenlooper, St....
X-ray Imaging Workshop
Imaging and Spectro-microscopy: Imaging and Spectro-microscopy: the Present and the Future Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory October 8-9, 2002 Organizers: John Miao & Keith Hodgson A workshop on "X-ray Imaging and Spectro-microscopy: the Present and the Future" was held on October 8-9, 2002. This workshop, organized by John Miao (SSRL) and Keith Hodgson (SSRL) provided a forum to discuss the scientific applications of a variety of imaging and spectro-microscopic techniques, including photoemission electron microscopy (PEEM), angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES), coherent diffraction imaging, x-ray microscopy, micro-tomography, holographic imaging, and x-ray micro-probe. Twelve invited speakers discussed the important scientific applications of these techniques, and also predicted the future scientific directions with the advance of instrumentation and x-ray sources. The workshop was well attended with over fifty registered attendees.
Cosmic Ray Origins: An Introduction
Physicists have pondered the origin of cosmic rays for over a hundred years. However the last few years have seen an upsurge in the observation, progress in the theory and a genuine increase in the importance attached to the topic due to its intimate connection to the indirect detection of evidence for dark matter. The intent of this talk is to set the stage for the meeting by reviewing some of the basic features of the entire cosmic ray spectrum from GeV to ZeV energy and some of the models that have been developed. The connection will also be made to recent developments in understanding general astrophysical particle acceleration in pulsar wind nebulae, relativistic jets and gamma ray bursts. The prospects for future discoveries, which may elucidate the origin of cosmic rays, are bright.
Blandford, Roger; Yuan, Yajie
Cosmic Rays and Global Warming
It has been claimed by others that observed temporal correlations of terrestrial cloud cover with `the cosmic ray intensity' are causal. The possibility arises, therefore, of a connection between cosmic rays and Global Warming. If true, the implications would be very great. We have examined this claim to look for evidence to corroborate it. So far we have not found any and so our tentative conclusions are to doubt it. Such correlations as appear are more likely to be due to the small variations in solar irradiance, which, of course, correlate with cosmic rays. We estimate that less than 15% of the 11-year cycle warming variations are due to cosmic rays and less than 2% of the warming over the last 35 years is due to this cause.
T. Sloan; A W Wolfendale
Modeling gamma-ray bursts.
??Discovered serendipitously in the late 1960s, gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are huge explosions of energy that happen at cosmological distances. They provide a grand physical playground� (more)
Maxham, Amanda
Miniature x-ray source
A miniature x-ray source utilizing a hot filament cathode. The source has a millimeter scale size and is capable of producing broad spectrum x-ray emission over a wide range of x-ray energies. The miniature source consists of a compact vacuum tube assembly containing the hot filament cathode, an anode, a high voltage feedthru for delivering high voltage to the cathode, a getter for maintaining high vacuum, a connector for initial vacuum pump down and crimp-off, and a high voltage connection for attaching a compact high voltage cable to the high voltage feedthru. At least a portion of the vacuum tube wall is fabricated from highly x-ray transparent materials, such as sapphire, diamond, or boron nitride.
Trebes, James E. (Livermore, CA); Bell, Perry M. (Tracy, CA); Robinson, Ronald B. (Modesto, CA)
Neutrinos from Gamma Ray Bursts
The observed fluxes of cosmic rays and gamma rays are used to infer the maximum allowed high-energy neutrino flux allowed for Gamma Ray Bursts (GRBs) following Reference [1]. It is shown that if GRBs produce the ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays they should contribute (a) at least 10% of the extragalactic gamma ray background between 3 MeV and 30 GeV contrary to their observed energy flux which is only a minute fraction of this flux and (b) a cumulative neutrino flux a factor of 20 below the AMANDA-?2000 limit on isotropic neutrinos. This could have two implications either GRBs do not produce the ultrahigh energy cosmic rays [2 3] or that the GRBs are strongly beamed and emit most of their power at energies well above 100 GeV [4] implausibly increasing the energy requirements but consistent with the marginal detections of a few low-redshift GRBs by MILAGRITO [5] HEGRA-AIROBICC [6] and the Tibet-Array [7]. All crucial measurements to test the models will be available in the next few years. These are measurements of (i) high-energy neutrinos with AMANDA-ICECUBE or an enlarged ANTARES/NESTOR ocean detector (ii) GRB redshifts from HETE-2 follow-up studies and (iii) GRB spectra above 10 GeV with low-threshold imaging air Cherenkov telescopes such as MAGIC and the space telescopes AGILE and GLAST.
Karl Mannheim
The observed fluxes of cosmic rays and gamma rays are used to infer the maximum allowed high-energy neutrino flux allowed for Gamma Ray Bursts (GRBs), following Mannheim, Protheroe, and Rachen (2000). It is shown that if GRBs produce the ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays, they should contribute (a) at least 10% of the extragalactic gamma ray background between 3 MeV and 30 GeV, contrary to their observed energy flux which is only a minute fraction of this flux, and (b) a cumulative neutrino flux a factor of 20 below the AMANDA (Neutrino 2000) limit on isotropic neutrinos. This could have two implications, either GRBs do not produce the ultrahigh energy cosmic rays or that the GRBs are strongly beamed and emit most of their power at energies well above 100 GeV implausibly increasing the energy requirements, but consistent with the marginal detections of a few low-redshift GRBs by MILAGRITO, HEGRA-AIROBICC, and the Tibet-Array. All crucial measurements to test the models will be available in the next few years. These are measurements of (i) high-energy neutrinos with AMANDA-ICECUBE or an enlarged ANTARES/NESTOR ocean detector, (ii) GRB redshifts from HETE-2 follow-up studies, and (iii) GRB spectra above 10 GeV with low-threshold imaging air Cherenkov telescopes such as MAGIC and the space telescopes AGILE and GLAST.
Tokamak x ray diagnostic instrumentation
Three classes of x-ray diagnostic instruments enable measurement of a variety of tokamak physics parameters from different features of the x-ray emission spectrum. (1) The soft x-ray (1 to 50 keV) pulse-height-analysis (PHA) diagnostic measures impurity concentrations from characteristic line intensities and the continuum enhancement, and measures the electron temperature from the continuum slope. (2) The Bragg x-ray crystal spectrometer (XCS) measures the ion temperature and neutral-beam-induced toroidal rotation velocity from the Doppler broadening and wavelength shift, respectively, of spectral lines of medium-Z impurity ions. Impurity charge state distributions, precise wavelengths, and inner-shell excitation and recombination rates can also be studied. X rays are diffracted and focused by a bent crystal onto a position-sensitive detector. The spectral resolving power E/..delta..E is greater than 10/sup 4/ and time resolution is 10 ms. (3) The x-ray imaging system (XIS) measures the spatial structure of rapid fluctuations (0.1 to 100 kHZ) providing information on MHD phenomena, impurity transport rates, toroidal rotation velocity, plasma position, and the electron temperature profile. It uses an array of silicon surface-barrier diodes which view different chords of the plasma through a common slot aperture and operate in current (as opposed to counting) mode. The effectiveness of shields to protect detectors from fusion-neutron radiation effects has been studied both theoretically and experimentally.
Hill, K.W.; Beiersdorfer, P.; Bitter, M.; Fredrickson, E.; Von Goeler, S.; Hsuan, H.; Johnson, L.C.; Liew, S.L.; McGuire, K.; Pare, V.
Gamma-Ray Bursts, Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays, and Cosmic Gamma-Ray Background
We argue that gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) may be the origin of the cosmic gamma-ray background radiation observed in GeV range. It has theoretically been discussed that protons may carry a much larger amount of energy than electrons in GRBs, and this large energy can be radiated in TeV range by synchrotron radiation of ultra-high-energy protons (\\sim 10^{20} eV). The possible detection of GRBs above 10 TeV suggested by the Tibet and HEGRA groups also supports this idea. If this is the case, most of TeV gamma-rays from GRBs are absorbed in intergalactic fields and eventually form GeV gamma-ray background, whose flux is in good agreement with the recent observation.
Tomonori Totani
Aneta Siemiginowska Chandra X-ray Center
-ray and gamma-ray · High Energy Sky · Chandra X-ray Observatory · examples of typical X-ray data, · an example of a data analysis process · statistical challenges · what do we learn from the data? #12;What is Astronomy and phenomena do we study and how? Solar System: Sun and sollar wind, planets, moons, asteroids, comets Our
Gamma ray bursts ROBERT S MACKAY
Gamma ray bursts ROBERT S MACKAY COLIN ROURKE We propose that a gamma ray burst is a kinematic Gamma ray bursts are intense flashes of electromagnetic radiation of cosmic origin lasting from ten accepted mechanism. We propose that a gamma ray burst is simply a kinematic effect, namely the effect
Rourke, Colin
X-ray Emission from Massive Stars
X-ray Emission from Massive Stars David Cohen Department of Physics and Astronomy Swarthmore be related to the production of X-rays on massive stars. If so, massive stars' X-rays are much different than those found our own Sun and other cooler stars like the Sun that produce X-rays via magnetic activity
Cohen, David
X-ray Emission from Massive Stars David Cohen Department of Physics and Astronomy Swarthmore #12;What is the mechanism by which massive stars produce x-rays? New results from the Chandra X-ray Observatory high-resolution x-ray spectroscopy: measuring Doppler broadening in emission lines Testing
Gamma-RayGamma-Ray Bursts: from SwiftBursts: from Swift
Gamma-RayGamma-Ray Bursts: from SwiftBursts: from Swift to GLASTto GLAST Bing ZhangBing ZhangGehrels, et al), et al) #12;Gamma-ray bursts: the mostGamma-ray bursts: the most violent explosions fireball central photosphere internal external shocks engine (shocks) (reverse) (forward) gamma-ray UV
The late X-ray afterglow of gamma-ray bursts
...research-article Discussion Meeting Issue Gamma-ray bursts organized by Alan Wells, Ralph...The late X-ray afterglow of gamma-ray bursts Richard Willingale * Paul T...of the X-ray afterglow of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). The fit delineates...
Ultrafast X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy using Laser-Driven Electron X-ray Sources (LEXS)
: ultrafast x-rays, x-ray absorption spectroscopy, terawatt lasers, ultrafast reaction dynamics, atomic motion atomic motion by scrutinizing the changes in x- ray absorption spectra during reactions. FirstUltrafast X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy using Laser-Driven Electron X-ray Sources (LEXS) Guangjun
Guo, Ting
Compact x-ray source and panel
A compact, self-contained x-ray source, and a compact x-ray source panel having a plurality of such x-ray sources arranged in a preferably broad-area pixelized array. Each x-ray source includes an electron source for producing an electron beam, an x-ray conversion target, and a multilayer insulator separating the electron source and the x-ray conversion target from each other. The multi-layer insulator preferably has a cylindrical configuration with a plurality of alternating insulator and conductor layers surrounding an acceleration channel leading from the electron source to the x-ray conversion target. A power source is connected to each x-ray source of the array to produce an accelerating gradient between the electron source and x-ray conversion target in any one or more of the x-ray sources independent of other x-ray sources in the array, so as to accelerate an electron beam towards the x-ray conversion target. The multilayer insulator enables relatively short separation distances between the electron source and the x-ray conversion target so that a thin panel is possible for compactness. This is due to the ability of the plurality of alternating insulator and conductor layers of the multilayer insulators to resist surface flashover when sufficiently high acceleration energies necessary for x-ray generation are supplied by the power source to the x-ray sources.
Sampayon, Stephen E. (Manteca, CA)
Gamma ray bursts: The future
Gamma-ray bursts are the most dramatic and powerful cosmic explosions known. They also continue to be the most puzzling. Thanks to breakthrough observations over the last decade however a picture has emerged of gamma-ray bursts being at cosmological distances and capable of releasing more than 10 51 ergs of energy within seconds. Despite the emergence of this picture the physical origin of bursts is still unknown and the classification of different types of bursts is still in its infancy. Further understanding of gamma-ray bursts requires the wise use of our current resources and the development of new observational capabilities. We outline the current state of our knowledge of bursts and describe the present and future instrumentation which will enable us to understand these baffling blasts.
N. Gehrels; D. Macomb
Beta ray flux measuring device
A beta ray flux measuring device in an activated member in-core instrumentation system for pressurized water reactors. The device includes collector rings positioned about an axis in the reactor's pressure boundary. Activated members such as hydroballs are positioned within respective ones of the collector rings. A response characteristic such as the current from or charge on a collector ring indicates the beta ray flux from the corresponding hydroball and is therefore a measure of the relative nuclear power level in the region of the reactor core corresponding to the specific exposed hydroball within the collector ring.
Impink, Jr., Albert J. (Murrysville, PA); Goldstein, Norman P. (Murrysville, PA)
We show that the detection of neutrinos from a typical gamma ray burst requires a kilometer-scale detector. We argue that large bursts should be visible with the neutrino telescopes under construction. We emphasize the 3 techniques by which neutrino telescopes can perform this search: by triggering on i) bursts of muons from muon neutrinos, ii) muons from air cascades initiated by high energy gamma rays and iii) showers made by relatively low energy ($\\simeq 100\\,\\mev$) electron neutrinos. Timing of neutrino-photon coincidences may yield a measurement of the neutrino mass to order $10^{-5}$~eV, an interesting range in light of the solar neutrino anomaly.
F. Halzen; G. Jaczko
Gamma-ray Imaging Methods
In this document we discuss specific implementations for gamma-ray imaging instruments including the principle of operation and describe systems which have been built and demonstrated as well as systems currently under development. There are several fundamentally different technologies each with specific operational requirements and performance trade offs. We provide an overview of the different gamma-ray imaging techniques and briefly discuss challenges and limitations associated with each modality (in the appendix we give detailed descriptions of specific implementations for many of these technologies). In Section 3 we summarize the performance and operational aspects in tabular form as an aid for comparing technologies and mapping technologies to potential applications.
Vetter, K; Mihailescu, L; Nelson, K; Valentine, J; Wright, D
Periodicities in gamma ray bursts
Gamma ray burst models based on magnetic neutron stars face a problem of account for the scarcity of observed periods. Both this scarcity and the typical period found when any is detected are explained if the neutron stars are accreting in binary systems
Kent S. Wood
Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays
We discuss briefly the phenomenon of the Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays (UHECR) particles of energy approaching and exceeding 1011 GeV. The world experimental statistics contains a small number of events but their existence is a puzzle. Its solution may lead to exciting discoveries in high energy particle astrophysics as well as in particle physics and astronomy.
Todor Stanev
......tral data at energies above 1 EeV (1018eV...from the AGASA project, are very suggestive...since these low energy cosmic rays have...the outflowing solar wind plasma and...it does on the energy limit set by the solar wind. Since there......
Roger Clay
Focused X-ray source
Disclosed is an intense, relatively inexpensive X-ray source (as compared to a synchrotron emitter) for technological, scientific, and spectroscopic purposes. A conical radiation pattern produced by a single foil or stack of foils is focused by optics to increase the intensity of the radiation at a distance from the conical radiator. 8 figs.
Piestrup, M.A.; Boyers, D.G.; Pincus, C.I.; Maccagno, P.
Surface Radiography with Alpha Rays
... , and C� are deposited on the surfaces of objects which come in contact with radon. Three of them, namely, radium A, C and C�, emit alpha rays ... two hours in a vessel (volume 70 c.c.) containing 1 me. of radon. Afterwards the wing was put for 8 min. on the emulsion of a photographic ...
Cosmic-ray driven winds
The theory of Galactic Winds, driven by the cosmic-ray pressure gradient, is reviewed both on the magnetohydrodynamic and on the kinetic level. In this picture the magnetic field of the Galaxy above the dense gas disk is assumed to have a flux tube geometry, the flux tubes rising locally perpendicular out of the disk to become radially directed at large distances, with the cosmic-ray sources located deep within the Galactic disk. At least above the gas disk, the magnetic fluctuations which resonantly scatter the cosmic rays are selfconsistently excited as Alf{`e}n waves by the escaping cosmic rays. The fluctuation amplitudes remain finite through nonlinear wave dissipation. The spatially increasing speed of the resulting outflow results in a diffusion-convection boundary whose position depends on particle momentum. It replaces the escape boundary of static diffusion models. New effects like overall Galactic mass and angular momentum loss as well as gas heating beyond the disk appear. Also particle re-accelera...
V�lk, Heinrich J
Gamma ray bursts and extreme energy cosmic rays
Extreme Energy Cosmic Ray particles (EECR) with E>10 20 ?eV arriving on Earth with very low flux (?1 particle/Km2-1000yr) require for their investigation very large detecting areas exceeding values of 1000 km2?sr. Projects with these dimensions are now being proposed: Ground Arrays (�Auger� with 2�3500? km 2 ?sr ) or exploiting the Earth Atmosphere as seen from space (�AIR WATCH� and OWL � with effective area reaching 1 million km2?sr). In this last case by using as a target the 10 13 tons of air viewed also the high energy neutrino flux can be investigated conveniently. Gamma Rays Bursts are suggested as a possible source for EECR and the associated High Energy neutrino flux.
Livio Scarsi
Using Light to Control How X Rays Interact with Matter
ultrafast x-ray spectroscopy. ALS femtosecond spectroscopy beamline layout. Femtosecond x-ray and laser pulses derive from a single 800-nm laser oscillator. Femtosecond x rays...
Chest x-Rays | Department of Energy
Chest x-Rays Chest x-Rays Chest x-Rays Chest X-ray B-Reading The B-reading is a special reading of a standard chest x-ray film performed by a physician certified by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). The reading looks for changes on the chest x-ray that may indicate exposure and disease caused by agents such as asbestos or silica. The B-reading is considered a special reading because doctors who are certified by NIOSH to perform B-readings use a specific protocol to read and record the findings as developed by the International Labour Organization (ILO). The ILO's protocol provides rules for systematically examining the x-ray in a step-by-step method and recording certain abnormalities or changes on the chest x-ray that can be attributable to
X-Ray Imaging in Reflection Print The advent of x-ray free-electron laser (XFEL) light sources has led to an outburst of research activities in the field of lensless imaging. XFELs...
X-Ray Imaging in Reflection Print Wednesday, 26 October 2011 00:00 The advent of x-ray free-electron laser (XFEL) light sources has led to an outburst of research activities...
Producing X-rays at the APS
An introduction and overview of the Advanced Photon Source at Argonne National Laboratory, the technology that produces the brightest X-ray beams in the Western Hemisphere, and the research carried out by scientists using those X-rays.
Terrestrial Effects of High Energy Cosmic Rays
On geological timescales, the Earth is likely to be exposed to higher than the usual flux of high energy cosmic rays (HECRs) from astrophysical sources such as nearby supernovae, gamma ray bursts or by galactic shocks. ...
Atri, Dimitra
SMB, X-ray Fluorescence Imaging
Fluorescence Imaging X-ray Fluorescence Imaging X-ray fluorescence imaging utilizes the high brightness of SPEAR3 and focused beam generated by the uses of K-B optics, capillaries...
Pulsed Gamma-Ray-Burst Afterglows
provides a candidate for the central engine of the gamma-ray burst (GRB) mechanism, both long and short
J. Middleditch
Gamma-ray burst theory after Swift
...research-article Discussion Meeting Issue Gamma-ray bursts organized by Alan Wells, Ralph...J. Wijers and Martin Rees Gamma-ray burst theory after Swift Tsvi Piran...relativistic blast wave model for gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). Together with the...
Gamma-ray bursts and cosmology
...research-article Discussion Meeting Issue Gamma-ray bursts organized by Alan Wells, Ralph...J. Wijers and Martin Rees Gamma-ray bursts and cosmology D.Q Lamb...current status of the use of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) as probes of the early...
Ray Tracing JELLO Brand Paul S. Heckbert
Ray Tracing JELLO ® Brand Gelatin Paul S. Heckbert Dessert Foods Division Pixar San Rafael, CA ABSTRACT Ray tracing has established itself in recent years as the most general image synthesis algorithm for ray tracing JellO ® brand gelatin. We believe the method may have application to other brands
Treuille, Adrien
Chandra X-ray Observatory Center
Chandra X-ray Observatory Center Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics 60 Garden St in hot gas about 250 million light years from Earth. (Credit: X-ray: NASA/CXC/SAO/E.Bulbul, et al-Newton has revealed a mysterious X-ray signal in the data. This signal is represented in the circled data
X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy of Metallobiomolecules
2/9/07 1 X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy of Metallobiomolecules The Outskirts of Structural Biology 9, 07] This is a tutorial about the use of X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy (XAS) in biology, RG; Eisenberger, P; Kincaid, BM "X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy of Biological Molecules" Annu. Rev
Scott, Robert A.
Chandra X-ray Observatory Center Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics 60 Garden St million light years from Earth. (Credit: X-ray: NASA/CXC/Wesleyan Univ./R.Kilgard, et al; Optical: NASA with optical data from the Hubble Space Telescope (red, green, and blue). The X-ray data reveal hundreds
X-ray Spectroscopy of Cool Stars
High-resolution X-ray spectroscopy has addressed not only various topics in coronal physics of stars, but has also uncovered important features relevant for our understanding of stellar evolution and the stellar environment. I summarize recent progress in coronal X-ray spectroscopy and in particular also discuss new results from studies of X-rays from pre-main sequence stars.
M. Guedel
X-Ray Physics Evan Berkowitz
X-Ray Physics Evan Berkowitz Junior, MIT Department of Physics (Dated: October 25, 2006) We measure a variety of phenomena related to X-Ray absorption and production. We present data which conforms within, as are 22 Na electron-positron annhilation lines. The importance of understanding x-rays is demonstrated
Chandra X-ray Observatory Center Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics 60 Garden St 200 million light years from Earth. (Credit: X-ray: NASA/CXC/UAH/M.Sun et al; Optical: NASA, ESA, & the Hubble Heritage Team (STScI/AURA) Caption: This composite image from the Chandra X-ray Observatory (blue
9/6/09 1 X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy of Metallobiomolecules The Outskirts of Structural Biology 6, 09] This is a tutorial about the use of X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy (XAS) in biology, RG; Eisenberger, P; Kincaid, BM "X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy of Biological Molecules" Annu. Rev
Chandra X-ray Observatory Center Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics 60 Garden St. Cambridge, MA 02138 USA http://chandra.harvard.edu Four Supernova Remnants: NASA's Chandra X-ray Observatory's Chandra X-ray Observatory, four newly processed images of supernova remnants dramatically illustrate
The Universe Viewed in Gamma-Rays 1 Properties of Gamma-ray Bursts Localized by
The Universe Viewed in Gamma-Rays 1 Properties of Gamma-ray Bursts Localized by the HETE-2 and localize Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) in wide field of view. HETE-2 have been localized about 20 GRBs per year hours after the burst. 1. The High Energy Transient Explorer 2 Gamma-ray burst (GRB) is the most
Enomoto, Ryoji
Very high-energy gamma rays from gamma-ray bursts
...research-article Discussion Meeting Issue Gamma-ray bursts organized by Alan Wells, Ralph...high-energy gamma rays from gamma-ray bursts Paula M Chadwick * * ( p.m...progress makes the detection of a gamma-ray burst at the highest energies much...
SEISMIC RAY THEORY Seismic Ray Theory presents the most comprehensive treatment of the seismic
#12;SEISMIC RAY THEORY Seismic Ray Theory presents the most comprehensive treatment of the seismic ray method available. This method plays an important role in seismology, seismic exploration, and the interpretation of seismic measurements. The book presents a consistent treatment of the seismic ray method, based
Cerveny, Vlastislav
X-RAY SPECTROMETRY X-Ray Spectrom. 2007; 36: 336342
X-RAY SPECTROMETRY X-Ray Spectrom. 2007; 36: 336342 Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com) DOI: 10.1002/xrs.980 Fish otolith trace element maps: new approaches with synchrotron microbeam x-ray of elements as they accrete through a fish's life. We apply synchrotron microbeam x-ray fluorescence methods
Limburg, Karin E.
X-ray Pulsations in the Supersoft X-ray Binary CAL 83
X-ray data reveal that the supersoft X-ray binary CAL 83 exhibits 38.4 minute pulsations at some epochs. These X-ray variations are similar to those found in some novae and are likely to be caused by nonradial pulsations the white dwarf. This is the first detection of pulsations in a classical supersoft X-ray binary.
P. C. Schmidtke; A. P. Cowley
Microgap x-ray detector
An x-ray detector which provides for the conversion of x-ray photons into photoelectrons and subsequent amplification of these photoelectrons through the generation of electron avalanches in a thin gas-filled region subject to a high electric potential. The detector comprises a cathode (photocathode) and an anode separated by the thin, gas-filled region. The cathode may comprise a substrate, such a beryllium, coated with a layer of high atomic number material, such as gold, while the anode can be a single conducting plane of material, such as gold, or a plane of resistive material, such as chromium/silicon monoxide, or multiple areas of conductive or resistive material, mounted on a substrate composed of glass, plastic or ceramic. The charge collected from each electron avalanche by the anode is passed through processing electronics to a point of use, such as an oscilloscope.
Wuest, Craig R. (Danville, CA); Bionta, Richard M. (Livermore, CA); Ables, Elden (Livermore, CA)
Gamma ray bursts and afterglow
The origin of GRBs have been a mystery for almost 30 years. Their sources emit a huge amount of energy on short time scales and the process involves extreme relativistic motion with bulk Lorentz factor of at least a few hundred. In the last two years �afterglow � emission in X-ray optical IR and radio was detected. The afterglow can be measured up to months and even years after the few seconds GRB. We review the theory for the ?-rays emission and the afterglow and show that it is strongly supported by observations. A recent detection of optical emission simultaneous with the GRB well agrees with theoretical predictions and further constrains the free parameters of the models. We discuss the evidence that some of the bursts are jets and discuss the prospects of polarization measurements.
Re�em Sari
Are gamma ray bursts nearby?
The possibility is considered that the intrinsic luminosity function of gamma ray bursters has sufficient scatter that the ln?N?ln?S relation of observed bursts not be dominated by geometric effects favoring large volumes but rather be dominated by nearby intrinsically faint bursts. It is shown that the distribution of bursts on the sky would be very granular with a significant fraction of them coming from the two or three nearest sources. Possible solutions and alternatives are briefly discussed.
David Eichler
Gamma-ray burst afterglows
Extended, fading emissions in multi-wavelength are observed following Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). Recent broad-band observational campaigns led by the Swift Observatory reveal rich features of these GRB afterglows. Here we review the latest observational progress and discuss the theoretical implications for understanding the central engine, composition, and geometric configuration of GRB jets, as well as their interactions with the ambient medium.
Bing Zhang
Cosmic Rays at the Knee
Several kinds of measurements are combined in an attempt to obtain a consistent estimate of the spectrum and composition of the primary cosmic radiation through the knee region. Assuming that the knee is a signal of the high-energy end of a galactic cosmic-ray population, I discuss possible signatures of a transition to an extra-galactic population and how they might be detected.
Thomas K. Gaisser
X-ray Spectroscopy of Cooling Cluster
We review the X-ray spectra of the cores of clusters of galaxies. Recent high resolution X-ray spectroscopic observations have demonstrated a severe deficit of emission at the lowest X-ray temperatures as compared to that expected from simple radiative cooling models. The same observations have provided compelling evidence that the gas in the cores is cooling below half the maximum temperature. We review these results, discuss physical models of cooling clusters, and describe the X-ray instrumentation and analysis techniques used to make these observations. We discuss several viable mechanisms designed to cancel or distort the expected process of X-ray cluster cooling.
Peterson, J.R.; /SLAC; Fabian, A.C.; /Cambridge U., Inst. of Astron.
X-ray transmissive debris shield
An X-ray debris shield for use in X-ray lithography that is comprised of an X-ray window having a layer of low density foam exhibits increased longevity without a substantial increase in exposure time. The low density foam layer serves to absorb the debris emitted from the X-ray source and attenuate the shock to the window so as to reduce the chance of breakage. Because the foam is low density, the X-rays are hardly attenuated by the foam and thus the exposure time is not substantially increased.
Spielman, R.B.
X-ray Spectroscopy of Cooling Clusters
J. R. Peterson; A. C. Fabian
Spielman, Rick B. (Albuquerque, NM)
The Diverse Environments of Gamma-Ray Bursts
Galaxies of Dark Gamma-Ray Bursts: Observational Constraintsof a Very Bright Gamma- Ray Burst in a Galactic Halo 3.11.3 Gamma-Ray Burst Classi?cation . . . . . . 1.4 Gamma-Ray
Perley, Daniel Alan
X-ray lithography using holographic images
A non-contact X-ray projection lithography method for producing a desired X-ray image on a selected surface of an X-ray-sensitive material, such as photoresist material on a wafer, the desired X-ray image having image minimum linewidths as small as 0.063 .mu.m, or even smaller. A hologram and its position are determined that will produce the desired image on the selected surface when the hologram is irradiated with X-rays from a suitably monochromatic X-ray source of a selected wavelength .lambda.. On-axis X-ray transmission through, or off-axis X-ray reflection from, a hologram may be used here, with very different requirements for monochromaticity, flux and brightness of the X-ray source. For reasonable penetration of photoresist materials by X-rays produced by the X-ray source, the wavelength X, is preferably chosen to be no more than 13.5 nm in one embodiment and more preferably is chosen in the range 1-5 nm in the other embodiment. A lower limit on linewidth is set by the linewidth of available microstructure writing devices, such as an electron beam.
Howells, Malcolm R. (Berkeley, CA); Jacobsen, Chris (Sound Beach, NY)
APS Bending Magnet X-rays and
Irradiation of Nd-Fe-B Permanent Magnets with Irradiation of Nd-Fe-B Permanent Magnets with APS Bending Magnet X-rays and 60 Co γ-rays J. Alderman and P.K. Job APS Operations Division Advanced Photon Source J. Puhl Ionizing Radiation Division National Institute of Standards and Technology June 2000 Table of Contents Introduction Radiation-Induced Demagnetization of Permanent Magnets Resources Required γ-ray Irradiation Results and Analysis of γ-ray Irradiation X-ray Irradiation Results and Analysis of X-ray Irradiation Summary and Conclusions Acknowledgements References Tables and Figures Introduction The Advanced Photon Source (APS), as well as other third-generation synchrotron light sources, uses permanent magnets in the insertion devices to produce x-rays for scientific
Hard x-ray imaging from explorer
Coded aperture X-ray detectors were applied to obtain large increases in sensitivity as well as angular resolution. A hard X-ray coded aperture detector concept is described which enables very high sensitivity studies persistent hard X-ray sources and gamma ray bursts. Coded aperture imaging is employed so that approx. 2 min source locations can be derived within a 3 deg field of view. Gamma bursts were located initially to within approx. 2 deg and X-ray/hard X-ray spectra and timing, as well as precise locations, derived for possible burst afterglow emission. It is suggested that hard X-ray imaging should be conducted from an Explorer mission where long exposure times are possible.
Grindlay, J.E.; Murray, S.S.
X-ray Observations of Mrk 231
This paper presents new X-ray observations of Mrk 231, an active galaxy of particular interest due to its large infrared luminosity and the presence of several blueshifted broad absorption line (BAL) systems, a phenomenon observed in a small fraction of QSOs. A ROSAT HRI image of Mrk 231 is presented, this shows an extended region of soft X-ray emission, covering several tens of kpc, consistent with the extent of the host galaxy. An ASCA observation of Mrk 231 is also presented. Hard X-rays are detected but the data show no significant variability in X-ray flux. The hard X-ray continuum is heavily attenuated and X-ray column estimates range from ~ 2 x 10^{22} - 10^{23} cm^{-2} depending on whether the material is assumed to be neutral or ionized, and on the model assumed for the extended X-ray component. These ASCA data provide only the second hard X-ray spectrum of a BAL AGN presented to date. The broad-band spectral-energy-distribution of the source is discussed. While Mrk 231 is X-ray weak compared to Seyfert 1 galaxies, it has an optical-to-X-ray spectrum typical of a QSO.
T. J. Turner
X-ray laser frequency near-doubling and generation of tunable coherent x rays in plasma
X-ray laser frequency near-doubling and generation of tunable coherent x rays in plasma P. L plasmas in which efficient x-ray laser frequency near-doubling is expected for a number of available x-ray of coherent x rays and tunable optical radiation may result in tunable coherent x-ray radiation powerful
Kaplan, Alexander
Gamma Ray Burst Central Engines
I review aspects of the theory of long-duration gamma-ray burst (GRB) central engines. I focus on the requirements of any model; these include the angular momentum of the progenitor, the power, Lorentz factor, asymmetry, and duration of the flow, and both the association and the non-association with bright supernovae. I compare and contrast the collapsar and millisecond proto-magnetar models in light of these requirements. The ability of the latter model to produce a flow with Lorentz factor ~100 while simultaneously maintaining a kinetic luminosity of ~10^50 ergs/s for a timescale of ~10-100 s is emphasized.
Todd A. Thompson
Gamma?ray burst spectroscopy
The statistics and physical properties of gamma ray burst spectral features are presented following a brief review of early theoretical predictions of and experimental searches for such emission. The ?100 observations of 50 keV absorption and 400 keV emission features constitute the largest data base on neutron star lines. Although the statistical significance of individual observations is often weak and interpretation of these features as cyclotron absorption and annihilation radiation poses some theoretical problems it is clear that future observations may have far?reaching implications.
I review aspects of the theory of long?duration gamma?ray burst (GRB) central engines. I focus on requirements of any model; these include the angular momentum of the progenitor the power Lorentz factor asymmetry and duration of the flow and both the association and the non?association with bright supernovae. I compare and contrast the collapsar and millisecond proto?magnetar models in light of these requirements. The ability of the latter model to produce a flow with Lorentz factor ?100 while simultaneously maintaining a kinetic luminosity of ?10 50 ? ergs ? s ?1 for a timescale of ?10�100? s is emphasized.
High-energy Cosmic Rays
After a brief review of galactic cosmic rays in the GeV to TeV energy range, we describe some current problems of interest for particles of very high energy. Particularly interesting are two features of the spectrum, the `knee' above $10^{15}$ eV and the `ankle' above $10^{18}$ eV. An important question is whether the highest energy particles are of extra-galactic origin and, if so, at what energy the transition occurs. A theme common to all energy ranges is use of nuclear abundances as a tool for understanding the origin of the cosmic radiation.
Thomas K. Gaisser; Todor Stanev
PHYSICAL PROCESSES SHAPING GAMMA-RAY BURST X-RAY AFTERGLOW LIGHT CURVES: THEORETICAL IMPLICATIONS August 15; accepted 2005 December 19 ABSTRACT With the successful launch of the Swift Gamma-Ray Burst component is consistent with the tail emission of the prompt gamma-ray bursts and/or the X-ray flares
Zhang, Bing
Development of x-ray photoelectron microscope with an x-ray laser source
We have constructed an x-ray photoelectron microscopic system with an x-ray laser as an x-ray source. The lasing line is the Li-like Al 3d-4f transition at 15.47 nm where the recombining Al plasma is used as the x-ray laser medium. The beam from the x-ray laser cavity was then focused by using a Schwarzschild mirror coated with Mo/Si multilayers. The x-ray beam size with a diameter less than 0.5 ?m and the estimated photon number of about 2�10 6 ? photons/shot into the spot were achieved.
Tadayuki Ohchi; Naohiro Yamaguchi; Chiemi Fujikawa; Tamio Hara; Katsumi Watanabe; Ibuki Tanaka; Masami Taguchi
A theory of Cosmic Rays
We present a theory of non-solar cosmic rays (CRs) in which the bulk of their observed flux is due to a single type of CR source at all energies. The total luminosity of the Galaxy, the broken power-law spectra with their observed slopes, the position of the `knee(s)' and `ankle', and the CR composition and its variation with energy are all predicted in terms of very simple and completely `standard' physics. The source of CRs is extremely `economical': it has only one parameter to be fitted to the ensemble of all of the mentioned data. All other inputs are `priors', that is, theoretical or observational items of information independent of the properties of the source of CRs, and chosen to lie in their pre-established ranges. The theory is part of a `unified view of high-energy astrophysics' --based on the `Cannonball' model of the relativistic ejecta of accreting black holes and neutron stars. The model has been extremely successful in predicting all the novel properties of Gamma Ray Bursts recently observed with help of the Swift satellite. If correct, this model is only lacking a satisfactory theoretical understanding of the `cannon' that emits the cannonballs in catastrophic processes of accretion.
Arnon Dar; Alvaro De Rujula
Cosmic Ray Physics with ACORDE at LHC
The use of large underground high-energy physics experiments, for comic ray studies, have been used, in the past, at CERN, in order to measure, precisely, the inclusive cosmic ray flux in the energy range from 2x10^10 - 2x10^12 eV. ACORDE, ALICE Cosmic Rays DEtector, will act as Level 0 cosmic ray trigger and, together with other ALICE apparatus, will provide precise information on cosmic rays with primary energies around 10^15 - 10^17 eV. This paper reviews the main detector features, the present status, commissioning and integration with other apparatus. Finally, we discuss the ACORDE-ALICE cosmic ray physics program.
C. Pagliarone; A. Fernandez-Tellez
Energy Blog | Department of Energy
9, 2011 9, 2011 President Barack Obama delivers remarks on fuel efficiency standards for 2017-2025 model year cars and light-duty trucks during an event at the Washington Convention Center in Washington, D.C., July 29, 2011. Seated behind the President are at left are auto industry executives and Transportation Secretary Ray LaHood. (Official White House Photo by Samantha Appleton) New Vehicle Fuel Economy Standards Will Continue to Inspire Innovation President Obama announced a landmark agreement with automakers that sets aggressive new fuel-economy standards for cars and light-duty trucks. Find out how the Energy Department is unleashing innovation that will create jobs and make sure that the fuel-efficient vehicles of the future are made in America. July 29, 2011
Blog Feed: Vehicles | Department of Energy
July 29, 2011 July 29, 2011 President Barack Obama delivers remarks on fuel efficiency standards for 2017-2025 model year cars and light-duty trucks during an event at the Washington Convention Center in Washington, D.C., July 29, 2011. Seated behind the President are at left are auto industry executives and Transportation Secretary Ray LaHood. (Official White House Photo by Samantha Appleton) New Vehicle Fuel Economy Standards Will Continue to Inspire Innovation President Obama announced a landmark agreement with automakers that sets aggressive new fuel-economy standards for cars and light-duty trucks. Find out how the Energy Department is unleashing innovation that will create jobs and make sure that the fuel-efficient vehicles of the future are made in America.
Add new comment | Data.gov
Administration Safety Data Initiative Challenges App Developers Administration Safety Data Initiative Challenges App Developers Submitted by Ray LaHood on Thu, 05/17/2012 - 10:16am Log in to vote 6 Co-Author: Todd Park Safety is the number one priority at the US Department of Transportation (DOT), so National Transportation Week is the perfect time for DOT to help launch the Obama Administration's critical Safety Data Initiative--an historic effort to make government data relating to every aspect of safety, from transportation crime to consumer products much more accessible, and to stimulate the development of innovative apps and services fueled by those data.We know that helping Americans gain access to practical information can help them make smarter, safer choices. So, coordinated by DOT, this new collaborative effort involving Federal agencies and members of the public
Energy, Transportation Ministers from Asia-Pacific Nations Pledge
Energy, Transportation Ministers from Asia-Pacific Nations Pledge Energy, Transportation Ministers from Asia-Pacific Nations Pledge Cooperation on Cleaner, More Energy-Efficient Transportation Energy, Transportation Ministers from Asia-Pacific Nations Pledge Cooperation on Cleaner, More Energy-Efficient Transportation September 13, 2011 - 7:44pm Addthis SAN FRANCISCO - Energy and transportation ministers from 21 economies in the Asia-Pacific region today agreed to continue progress on initiatives to make transportation in the region cleaner and more energy-efficient, U.S. Transportation Secretary Ray LaHood and U.S. Energy Secretary Steven Chu announced today. The announcement came during the first-ever joint Transportation and Energy Ministerial Conference held by the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC), the principal economic organization for the region. Secretaries
Administration Safety Data Initiative Challenges App Developers | Data.gov
Administration Safety Data Initiative Challenges App Developers Administration Safety Data Initiative Challenges App Developers Safety Data/Tools Apps Challenges Resources Blogs Let's Talk Safety You are here Data.gov » Communities » Safety » Blogs Administration Safety Data Initiative Challenges App Developers Submitted by Ray LaHood on Thu, 05/17/2012 - 10:16am Log in to vote 6 Co-Author: Todd Park Safety is the number one priority at the US Department of Transportation (DOT), so National Transportation Week is the perfect time for DOT to help launch the Obama Administration's critical Safety Data Initiative--an historic effort to make government data relating to every aspect of safety, from transportation crime to consumer products much more accessible, and to stimulate the development of innovative apps and services fueled by those
Secretary Chu Announces New Funding and Partnership with Google to Promote
New Funding and Partnership with Google to New Funding and Partnership with Google to Promote Electric Vehicles Secretary Chu Announces New Funding and Partnership with Google to Promote Electric Vehicles April 19, 2011 - 12:00am Addthis Washington, DC - As part of the Obama Administration's efforts to reduce U.S. oil imports by one-third by 2025, Energy Secretary Steven Chu today announced new steps underway at the Department of Energy to accelerate the deployment of electric vehicles. This includes the availability of $5 million in new funding for community-based efforts to deploy electric vehicle (EV) infrastructure and charging stations. He also outlined a partnership with Google Inc. and more than 80 EV stakeholders to help consumers find charging stations nationwide. Secretary Chu and Transportation Secretary Ray LaHood made the announcement on a conference
New Vehicle Fuel Economy Standards Will Continue to Inspire Innovation |
Vehicle Fuel Economy Standards Will Continue to Inspire Vehicle Fuel Economy Standards Will Continue to Inspire Innovation New Vehicle Fuel Economy Standards Will Continue to Inspire Innovation July 29, 2011 - 1:48pm Addthis President Barack Obama delivers remarks on fuel efficiency standards for 2017-2025 model year cars and light-duty trucks during an event at the Washington Convention Center in Washington, D.C., July 29, 2011. Seated behind the President are at left are auto industry executives and Transportation Secretary Ray LaHood. (Official White House Photo by Samantha Appleton) President Barack Obama delivers remarks on fuel efficiency standards for 2017-2025 model year cars and light-duty trucks during an event at the Washington Convention Center in Washington, D.C., July 29, 2011. Seated behind the President are at left are auto industry executives and
Black Stars and Gamma Ray Bursts
Stars that are collapsing toward forming a black hole but are frozen near the Schwarzschild horizon are termed ``black stars''. Collisions of black stars, in contrast to black hole collisions, may be sources of gamma ray bursts, whose basic parameters are estimated quite simply and are found to be consistent with observed gamma ray bursts. Black star gamma ray bursts should be preceded by gravitational wave emission similar to that from the coalescence of black holes.
Tanmay Vachaspati
Applications of soft x-ray lasers
The high brightness and short pulse duration of soft x-ray lasers provide unique advantages for novel applications. Imaging of biological specimens using x-ray lasers has been demonstrated by several groups. Other applications to fields such as chemistry, material science, plasma diagnostics, and lithography are beginning to emerge. We review the current status of soft x-ray lasers from the perspective of applications, and present an overview of the applications currently being developed.
Skinner, C.H.
Cloud chamber visualization of primary cosmic rays
From 1948 until 1963, cloud chambers were carried to the top of the atmosphere by balloons. From these flights, which were begun by Edward P. Ney at the University of Minnesota, came the following results: discovery of heavy cosmic ray nuclei, development of scintillation and cherenkov detectors, discovery of cosmic ray electrons, and studies of solar proton events. The history of that era is illustrated here by cloud chamber photographs of primary cosmic rays.
Earl, James A. [Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland, College Park MD (United States)
High speed x-ray beam chopper
A fast, economical, and compact x-ray beam chopper with a small mass and a small moment of inertia whose rotation can be synchronized and phase locked to an electronic signal from an x-ray source and be monitored by a light beam is disclosed. X-ray bursts shorter than 2.5 microseconds have been produced with a jitter time of less than 3 ns.
McPherson, Armon (Oswego, IL); Mills, Dennis M. (Naperville, IL)
Axion � Dilaton Coupling and Gamma � Ray Bursts
Axions emitted in supernovae are interesting candidates to account for Gamma-Ray Bursts provided their energy can be effectively converted...
O. Bertolami
Gamma-Ray Bursts and Particle Astrophysics
Gamma-ray bursts are violent events occurring randomly in the sky. In this review, I will present the fireball model, proposed to explain the phenomenon of gamma-ray bursts. This model has important consequences for the production and observation at Earth of gravitational waves, high energy neutrinos, cosmic rays and high energy photons, and the second part of this review will be focused on these aspects. A last section will briefly discuss the topic of the use of gamma-ray bursts as standard candles and possible cosmological studies.
B. Gendre
High-energy cosmic ray interactions
Research into hadronic interactions and high-energy cosmic rays are closely related. On one hand--due to the indirect observation of cosmic rays through air showers--the understanding of hadronic multiparticle production is needed for deriving the flux and composition of cosmic rays at high energy. On the other hand the highest energy particles from the universe allow us to study the characteristics of hadronic interactions at energies far beyond the reach of terrestrial accelerators. This is the summary of three introductory lectures on our current understanding of hadronic interactions of cosmic rays.
Engel, Ralph [Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, P.O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe (Germany); Orellana, Mariana [Instituto Argentino de Radioastronomia (IAR), CCT La Plata (CONICET), C.C.5, 1894 Villa Elisa, Buenos Aires (Argentina); Facultad de Ciencias Astronomicas y Geofisicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Paseo del Bosque, 1900 La Plata (Argentina); Reynoso, Matias M. [Departamento de Fisica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Funes 3350, (7600) Mar del Plata (Argentina); Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicas de Mar del Plata, (UNMdP-CONICET) (Argentina); Vila, Gabriela S. [Instituto Argentino de Radioastronomia (IAR), CCT La Plata (CONICET), C.C.5, 1894 Villa Elisa, Buenos Aires (Argentina)
Gamma ray burst outflows and afterglows.
?? We carry out a theoretical investigation of jet propagation in Gamma Ray Bursts and examine the jitter radiation mechanism as a means of producing� (more)
Morsony, Brian J.
Colloid Coalescence with Focused X Rays
We show direct evidence that focused x rays enable us to merge polymer colloidal particles at room temperature. This phenomenon is ascribed to the photochemical scission of colloids with x rays, reducing the molecular weight, glass transition temperature, surface tension, and viscosity of colloids. The observation of the neck bridge growth with time shows that the x-ray-induced colloid coalescence is analogous to viscoelastic coalescence. This finding suggests a feasible protocol of photonic nanofabrication by sintering or welding of polymers, without thermal damage, using x-ray photonics.
Weon, B. M.; Kim, J. T.; Je, J. H. [X-ray Imaging Center, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 790-784 (Korea, Republic of); Yi, J. M. [Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Yongin, Gyeonggi, 446-712 (Korea, Republic of); Wang, S.; Lee, W.-K. [Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439 (United States)
X-RAY MICROBEAM SPEECH PRODUCTION DATABASE USER'S HANDBOOK Version 1.0 (June 1994) prepared by John . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Chapter Two: XRMB History
X-ray laser microscope apparatus
A microscope consisting of an x-ray contact microscope and an optical microscope. The optical, phase contrast, microscope is used to align a target with respect to a source of soft x-rays. The source of soft x-rays preferably comprises an x-ray laser but could comprise a synchrotron or other pulse source of x-rays. Transparent resist material is used to support the target. The optical microscope is located on the opposite side of the transparent resist material from the target and is employed to align the target with respect to the anticipated soft x-ray laser beam. After alignment with the use of the optical microscope, the target is exposed to the soft x-ray laser beam. The x-ray sensitive transparent resist material whose chemical bonds are altered by the x-ray beam passing through the target mater GOVERNMENT LICENSE RIGHTS This invention was made with government support under Contract No. De-FG02-86ER13609 awarded by the Department of Energy. The Government has certain rights in this invention.
Suckewer, Szymon (Princeton, NJ); DiCicco, Darrell S. (Plainsboro, NJ); Hirschberg, Joseph G. (Coral Gables, FL); Meixler, Lewis D. (East Windsor, NJ); Sathre, Robert (Princeton, NJ); Skinner, Charles H. (Lawrenceville, NJ)
Automation in X-Ray Crystallography
Automation in X-Ray Crystallography ... But in the past few years, automation procedures have been applied to intrinsically superior experimental methods. ...
Accelerated Ray Traced Animations Exploiting Temporal Coherence.
??Ray tracing is a well-know technique for producing realistic graphics. However, the time necessary to generate images is unacceptably long. When producing the many frames� (more)
Baines, Darwin Tarry
X-Ray Laser Sources for Microscopy
Progress and prospects in soft X-ray laser development at Princeton are presented. A comparison to plasma and synchrotron sources is made with a...
C. H. Skinner; D. E. Kim; A. Wouters; D. Voorhees; S. Suckewer
Compound refractive X-ray lens
An apparatus and method for focusing X-rays. In one embodiment, his invention is a commercial-grade compound refractive X-ray lens. The commercial-grade compound refractive X-ray lens includes a volume of low-Z material. The volume of low-Z material has a first surface which is adapted to receive X-rays of commercially-applicable power emitted from a commercial-grade X-ray source. The volume of low-Z material also has a second surface from which emerge the X-rays of commercially-applicable power which were received at the first surface. Additionally, the commercial-grade compound refractive X-ray lens includes a plurality of openings which are disposed between the first surface and the second surface. The plurality of openings are oriented such that the X-rays of commercially-applicable power which are received at the first surface, pass through the volume of low-Z material and through the plurality openings. In so doing, the X-rays which emerge from the second surface are refracted to a focal point.
Nygren, David R. (Berkeley, CA); Cahn, Robert (Walnut Creek, CA); Cederstrom, Bjorn (Traellborg, SE); Danielsson, Mats (Stocksund, SE); Vestlund, Jonas (Stockholm, SE)
X-Ray Science Division (XSD)
X-Ray Science Division (XSD) Search Button About Welcome Overview Visiting the APS Mission & Goals Find People Organization Charts Committees Job Openings User Information...
X-ray spectroscopy of neutron star low-mass X-ray binaries
In this thesis, I present work spanning a variety of topics relating to neutron star lowmass X-ray binaries (LMXBs) and utilize spectral information from X-ray observations to further our understanding of these sources. ...
Krauss, Miriam Ilana
The Universe Viewed in Gamma-Rays 1 X-Ray and Gamma-Ray Emission from the PSR 1259-
threshold in the future projects. 1. Introduction PSR 1259-63 is a 48 ms radio pulsar orbiting a Be star. The pulsation is absent in the X-ray intensity. Only upper limits are reported for the high energy -ray emission accelerates electrons and positrons to the relativistic energies. We derive the energy distribution
Ultraluminous X-ray Sources: The most extreme X-ray binaries
1 Ultraluminous X-ray Sources: The most extreme X-ray binaries Luca Zampieri INAF ULXs Lubiana May 11, 2012- LZ #12;6 · X-ray observations of nearby galaxies show a population of pointlike, off-nuclear sources with L >> Ledd for 1 Msun (L>1.0e39 erg/s) UltraLuminous X-ray Sources (e
X-ray Diffraction (XRD) 1.0 What is X-ray Diffraction
X-ray Diffraction (XRD) · 1.0 What is X-ray Diffraction · 2.0 Basics of Crystallography · 3.0 Production of X-rays · 4.0 Applications of XRD · 5.0 Instrumental Sources of Error · 6.0 Conclusions #12 why the cleavage faces of crystals appear to reflect X-ray beams at certain angles of incidence (theta
Moeck, Peter
Recently, many correlations between the prompt {gamma}-ray emission properties and the X-ray afterglow properties of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) have been inferred from a comprehensive analysis of the X-ray light curves of more than 650 GRBs measured with the Swift X-Ray Telescope (Swift/XRT) during the years 2004-2010. We show that these correlations are predicted by the cannonball (CB) model of GRBs. They result from the dependence of GRB observables on the bulk motion Lorentz factor and viewing angle of the jet of highly relativistic plasmoids (CBs) that produces the observed radiations by interaction with the medium through which it propagates. Moreover, despite their different physical origins, long GRBs (LGRBs) and short-hard bursts (SHBs) in the CB model share similar kinematic correlations, which can be combined into triple correlations satisfied by both LGRBs and SHBs.
Dado, Shlomo; Dar, Arnon [Physics Department, Technion, Haifa 32000 (Israel)
Gravitational Waves versus X and Gamma Ray Emission in a Short Gamma-Ray Burst
The recent progress in the understanding the physical nature of neutron star equilibrium configurations and the first observational evidence of a genuinely short gamma-ray burst, GRB 090227B, allows to give an estimate of the gravitational waves versus the X and Gamma-ray emission in a short gamma-ray burst.
F. G. Oliveira; Jorge A. Rueda; Remo Ruffini
Are extragalactic gamma ray bursts the source of the highest energy cosmic rays?
Recent observations with the large air shower arrays of ultra high energy cosmic rays (UHECR) and recent measurements/estimates of the redshifts of gamma ray bursts (GRBs) seem to rule out extragalactic GRBs as the source of the cosmic rays that are observed near Earth, including those with the highest energies.
Watershed in X-ray Astronomy
... extent the article on page 96 of this issue of Nature from the X-ray astronomy group at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology is a record of disappointments. That is ... near the galactic centre. Now that the first satellite to be devoted to X-ray astronomy has been launched, and is apparently working successfully, the MIT article and another from ...
X-Ray Identification of Element 104
The daughter x-ray identification technique has been applied to the identification of element 104. The characteristic K-series x rays from the ?-decay daughter isotope, nobelium (Z=102), have been observed in coincidence with ? particles from the decay of 4.5-sec 104257, thus providing an unequivocal determination of the parent atomic number, Z=104.
C. E. Bemis; Jr.; R. J. Silva; D. C. Hensley; O. L. Keller; Jr.; J. R. Tarrant; L. D. Hunt; P. F. Dittner; R. L. Hahn; C. D. Goodman
Point-to-curve ray tracing
Point-to-curve ray tracing is an attempt at dealing with multiplicity of solutions to a generic boundary-value problem of ray tracing. In a point-to-curve tracing (P2C) the input parameters of the boundary-value....
Andrzej Hanyga
Point-to-curve Ray Tracing
LHC Communications project Dr Ray Mathias
LHC Communications project Dr Ray Mathias UK LHC Communications Manager firstname.lastname@example.com LHC Communications project STFC Town Meeting 30/11/07 #12;LHC Communications project STFC funded Two-year project Partnership with the UK HEPP community LHC Communications project STFC Town Meeting 30/11/07 #12;Understanding
X-ray Practicals Series 1 Advanced Data Reduction
X-ray Practicals Series 1 Advanced Data Reduction Instructor J. Reibenspies, Ph. D. Nattamai Bhuvanesh, Ph.D. Version 1.0.0 #12;X-ray Practicals Series 2 #12;X-ray Practicals Series 3 #12;X-ray is good. The y direction is shifting the most, but the shift is ok #12;X-ray Practicals Series 5 Other
Meagher, Mary
Gamma-Ray Pulsar Studies With GLAST
Some pulsars have their maximum observable energy output in the gamma-ray band, offering the possibility of using these high-energy photons as probes of the particle acceleration and interaction processes in pulsar magnetospheres. After an extended hiatus between satellite missions, the recently-launched AGILE mission and the upcoming Gamma-ray Large Area Space Telescope (GLAST) Large Area Telescope (LAT) will allow gamma-ray tests of the theoretical models developed based on past discoveries. With its greatly improved sensitivity, better angular resolution, and larger energy reach than older instruments, GLAST LAT should detect dozens to hundreds of new gamma-ray pulsars and measure luminosities, light curves, and phase-resolved spectra with unprecedented resolution. It will also have the potential to find radio-quiet pulsars like Geminga, using blind search techniques. Cooperation with radio and X-ray pulsar astronomers is an important aspect of the LAT team's planning for pulsar studies.
Thompson, D.J.; /NASA, Goddard
Quantitative Measurements of X-ray Intensity
This chapter describes the characterization of several X-ray sources and their use in calibrating different types of X-ray cameras at National Security Technologies, LLC (NSTec). The cameras are employed in experimental plasma studies at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), including the National Ignition Facility (NIF). The sources provide X-rays in the energy range from several hundred eV to 110 keV. The key to this effort is measuring the X-ray beam intensity accurately and traceable to international standards. This is accomplished using photodiodes of several types that are calibrated using radioactive sources and a synchrotron source using methods and materials that are traceable to the U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). The accreditation procedures are described. The chapter begins with an introduction to the fundamental concepts of X-ray physics. The types of X-ray sources that are used for device calibration are described. The next section describes the photodiode types that are used for measuring X-ray intensity: power measuring photodiodes, energy dispersive photodiodes, and cameras comprising photodiodes as pixel elements. Following their description, the methods used to calibrate the primary detectors, the power measuring photodiodes and the energy dispersive photodiodes, as well as the method used to get traceability to international standards are described. The X-ray source beams can then be measured using the primary detectors. The final section then describes the use of the calibrated X-ray beams to calibrate X-ray cameras. Many of the references are web sites that provide databases, explanations of the data and how it was generated, and data calculations for specific cases. Several general reference books related to the major topics are included. Papers expanding some subjects are cited.
Haugh, M. J., Schneider, M.
Supernova Remnants, Cosmic Rays, and GLAST
The shock waves of supernova remnants (SNRs) are the traditional sources of Galactic cosmic rays, at least up to about 3000 TeV (the 'knee' energy in the cosmic-ray spectrum). In the last decade or so, X-ray observations have confirmed in a few SNRs the presence of synchrotron-X-ray-emitting electrons with energies of order 100 TeV. TeV photons from SNRs have been observed with ground-based air Cerenkov telescopes as well, but it is still unclear whether they are due to hadronic processes (inelastic p-p scattering of cosmic-ray protons from thermal gas, with secondary neutral pions decaying to gamma rays), or to leptonic processes (inverse-Compton upscattering of cosmic microwave background photons, or bremsstrahlung). The spatial structure of synchrotron X-rays as observed with the Chandra X-ray Observatory suggests the remarkable possibility that magnetic fields are amplified by orders of magnitude in strong shock waves. The electron spectra inferred from X-rays reach 100 TeV, but at that energy are cutting off steeply, well below the 'knee' energy. Are the cutoff processes due only to radiative losses so that ion spectra might continue unsteepened? Can we confirm the presence of energetic ions in SNRs at all? Are typical SNRs capable of supplying the pool of Galactic cosmic rays? Is strong magnetic-field amplification a property of strong astrophysical shocks in general? These major questions require the next generation of observational tools. I shall outline the theoretical and observational framework of particle acceleration to high energies in SNRs, and shall describe how GLAST will advance this field.
Reynolds, Steve (North Carolina State University) [North Carolina State University
Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday
January January 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 5 Day Shift 6:00 AP AP 8855 Ogasawara 8855 Ogasawara 8855 Ogasawara 3098A Hossain 3098A Hossain 0 3 2 Night Shift 18:00 AP AP 8873 Ohldag 8873 Ohldag 8873 Ohldag 8873 Ohldag 8873 Ohldag 5 0 0 Jan./Feb. 31 1 2 3 4 5 6 6 Day Shift 6:00 3098A Hossain 3074A Scherz 3074A Scherz 8873 Ohldag 8873 Ohldag 8873 Ohldag 8873 Ohldag 4 0 3 Night Shift 18:00 3098A Hossain 3074A Scherz 3317 Kaya 3317 Kaya 3317 Kaya 3074A Scherz 3074A Scherz 0 3 4 February 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 7 Day Shift 6:00 MA AP 3466 Mbuga 3466 Mbuga 3466 Mbuga 3466 Mbuga 3466 Mbuga 0 5 0 Night Shift 18:00 AP AP Guchait 91J4 Guchait 91J4 Guchait 91J4 3118A Rick 3118A Rick 3 0 2 February 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 8 Day Shift 6:00 3118 Rick 3118 Rick 8873 Ohldag 8873 Ohldag 8873 Ohldag 8855 Ogasawara 8855 Ogasawara 3 2 2 Night Shift 18:00 8873 Ohldag 8873 Ohldag 3118 Rick 3118 Rick 3118 Rick 8855 Ogasawara
November November 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 47 Day Shift 6:00 3112 A Scherz 3112 A Scherz 3112 A Scherz 3112 A Scherz 3112 A Scherz 3118A Rick 3118A Rick 0 0 7 Night Shift 18:00 3112 A Scherz 3112 A Scherz 3112 A Scherz 3112 A Scherz 3112 A Scherz 3118A Rick 3118A Rick 0 0 7 November 22 23 24 Holiday - 25 26 27 28 48 Day Shift 6:00 3112 A Scherz 3112 A Scherz 3112 A Scherz 3112 A Scherz 8073-Ohldag 8073-Ohldag 2 0 3 Night Shift 18:00 8073-Ohldag 8073-Ohldag 3112 A Scherz 3112 A Scherz 3112 A Scherz 2 0 3 Nov./Dec. 29 30 1 2 3 4 5 49 Day Shift 6:00 8073-Ohldag AP 91K8-de Jong 91K8-de Jong 91K8-de Jong 91K8-de Jong 91K8-de Jong 6 0 0 Night Shift 18:00 3112 A Scherz AP 8855-Ogasawara 8855-Ogasawara 8855-Ogasawara 8855-Ogasawara 8855-Ogasawara 0 5 1 December 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 50 Day Shift 6:00 MA AP 3104-Nilsson 3104-Nilsson 3104-Nilsson 3104-Nilsson 3104-Nilsson 0 5 0 Night Shift
Nov Nov 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Day Shift 6:00 FACI FACI FACI FACI FACI FACI FACI Night Shift 18:00 FACI FACI FACI FACI FACI FACI FACI Nov 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Day Shift 6:00 8873-Ohldag 8873-Ohldag 8873-Ohldag 8873-Ohldag 8873-Ohldag 8873-Ohldag 8873-Ohldag Night Shift 18:00 8855-Ogasawara 8855-Ogasawara 8855-Ogasawara 8855-Ogasawara 8855-Ogasawara 8855-Ogasawara 8855-Ogasawara Nov 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 Day Shift 6:00 PAMM AP 8855-Ogasawara 8855-Ogasawara 8855-Ogasawara 8855-Ogasawara 8855-Ogasawara Night Shift 18:00 AP AP 8873-Ohldag 8873-Ohldag 8873-Ohldag 8873-Ohldag 8873-Ohldag Nov/Dec 25 26 27 28 29 30 1 Day Shift 6:00 3716-Reid 3716-Reid 3716-Reid HOLIDAY BL reopens ~noon 91R5-Robinson 91R5-Robinson 3 0 3 Night Shift 18:00 4002-Biegalski 4002-Biegalski BL shuts down 4 pm HOLIDAY 3716-Reid 3716-Reid 3716-Reid 3 0 3 Dec 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Day Shift 6:00 3716-Reid 3716-Reid 9703-Ogasawara
Deans' Council Minutes: Tuesday, October 25, 2011
the Montana Weatherization Training Center located in Bozeman. The program requires 2 semesters and 33 to cover the cost of their travel for development purposes. The Foundation will provide assistance. A clarification was requested that this is "certificate program". The vote was unanimous in favor of the motion
Dyer, Bill
In The News Tuesday, January 3, 2012
by Monday (Arizona Cancer Center) 12/30/2011 YourWestValley.com View Clip Be a little selfish this holiday
Arizona, University of
Geometry #2 Before Tuesday, August 28
with Google SketchUp and submit it through the forum "Sharing SketchUp Sketches." 3. Read Dunham Chapter 1
Lee, Carl
Tuesday, March 16, 2010 On Box Models
to illustrate some of the basics of box models that are used frequently in the field of atmospheric chemistry L". You can guess that it was named after Marie Curie, someone who studied radioactive elements. #12 to exposure to contaminants. One tool that modelers use to assess exposure to pollutants is the "box model
Toohey, Darin W.
In The News Tuesday, April 5, 2011
. Daniel Von Hoff Pr-usa.net 04/05/2011 View Clip Kings of CABG: Surgeons Adapt Methods for Patients Which Serves All Of Arizona, Except For Maricopa County KMSB-TV 04/04/2011 Kids leave hospital after
Water from Wastewater Tuesday, September 24, 2013
change and global population growth demand creative and low-energy approaches to sustaining water and Education program that links five universities in two water-stressed regions of the world (Southwest U.S. and southeast Australia). This PIRE grant seeks to develop low-energy options for improving water productivity
Zhang, Junshan
UCCE Pollinator Workshop Tuesday, February 21, 2012
Long, Farm Advisor, UCCE Yolo County 9:10 9:35am Multiple Stresses are Hard on Honey Bees: Dr. Eric by the University of California Cooperative Extension Service (UCCE) and the Yolo County Resource Conservation
Ferrara, Katherine W.
CONSTRAINTS ON VERY HIGH ENERGY GAMMA-RAY EMISSION FROM GAMMA-RAY BURSTS R. Atkins,1,2
CONSTRAINTS ON VERY HIGH ENERGY GAMMA-RAY EMISSION FROM GAMMA-RAY BURSTS R. Atkins,1,2 W. Benbow,3 emission from gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) during the prompt emission phase. Detection of >100 GeV counterparts on potential GRB models. Subject headinggs: gamma rays: bursts -- gamma rays: observations 1. INTRODUCTION
The Universe Viewed in Gamma-Rays 1 Toward Ultra Short Gamma Ray Burst Ground Based De-
The Universe Viewed in Gamma-Rays 1 Toward Ultra Short Gamma Ray Burst Ground Based De- tection- liminary data taking started in November 2002. 1. Introduction Gamma-ray bursts observed with space Tcherenkovlightfromoneshower Few 100MeV gamma-rays Fig. 1. In an imaging telescope, -ray bursts should appear as a Cherenkov
with the occurrence of solar X-ray flare, when light travel time delay is accounted, suggesting that X-rays fromX-RAY EMISSION FROM PLANETS AND COMETS: RELATIONSHIP WITH SOLAR X-RAYS AND SOLAR WIND ANIL BHARDWAJ Flight center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA Scattering of solar X-ray radiation mainly produces the non
�?stgaard, Nikolai
X-Ray Diffraction The X-Ray Diffraction facility is equipped with state-of-the-art
X-Ray Diffraction The X-Ray Diffraction facility is equipped with state-of-the-art diffractometers offering both single crystal and powder X-Ray diffraction. Powder X-Ray Diffraction High resolution data For more details on powder X-Ray analysis contact Dr J Hriljac on 0121 414 4458 or email: j
Birmingham, University of
Novel X-Ray Imaging Opportunities for the RPI Linear Accelerator's Tunable, Quasi-monochromatic X-ray Source
Novel X-Ray Imaging Opportunities for the RPI Linear Accelerator's Tunable, Quasi-monochromatic X-ray of an intense, tunable, polarized, and quasi-monochromatic X-ray source has been ongoing at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute since 2001 [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]. This X-ray source, known as Parametric X-rays (PXR
Danon, Yaron
We show that the X-ray outburst light curves of four transient anomalous X-ray pulsars (AXPs) and soft gamma-ray repeaters (SGRs), namely, XTE J1810-197, SGR 0501+4516, SGR 1627-41, and CXOU J164710.2-455216, can be produced by the fallback disk model that was also applied to the outburst light curves of persistent AXPs and SGRs in our earlier work. The model solves the diffusion equation for the relaxation of a disk that has been pushed back by a soft gamma-ray burst. The sets of main disk parameters used for these transient sources are very similar to each other and to those employed in our earlier models of persistent AXPs and SGRs. There is a characteristic difference between the X-ray outburst light curves of transient and persistent sources. This can be explained by the differences in the disk surface density profiles of the transient and persistent sources in quiescence indicated by their quiescent X-ray luminosities. Our results imply that a viscous disk instability operating at a critical temperature in the range of {approx}1300-2800 K is a common property of all fallback disks around AXPs and SGRs. The effect of the instability is more pronounced and starts earlier for the sources with lower quiescent luminosities, which leads to the observable differences in the X-ray enhancement light curves of transient and persistent sources. A single active disk model with the same basic disk parameters can account for the enhancement phases of both transient and persistent AXPs and SGRs. We also present a detailed parameter study to show the effects of disk parameters on the evolution of the X-ray luminosity of AXPs and SGRs in the X-ray enhancement phases.
Cal Latin-Small-Letter-Dotless-I skan, Sirin; Ertan, Uenal [Sabanc Latin-Small-Letter-Dotless-I University, Orhanl Latin-Small-Letter-Dotless-I -Tuzla, Istanbul, 34956 (Turkey)
Observations of Gamma-Ray Bursts at Extreme Energies
of Gamma-Ray Bursts . . . . . . . . . . . . . Redshift-CRUZ OBSERVATIONS OF GAMMA-RAY BURSTS AT EXTREME ENERGIES AAncient Unvierse with Gamma-Ray Bursts, pages 330�333. AIP,
Aune, Taylor
X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy of Biologically Relevant Systems
308, Messer, B. M. X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy of AqueousSarcosine via X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy 5.1 Introductionwith Carboxylate by X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy of Liquid
Uejio, Janel Sunayo
Compact X-Ray Light Source Workshop | EMSL
Compact X-Ray Light Source Workshop Compact X-Ray Light Source Workshop Teller R, Terminello L, Thevuthasan T, Moncton D. 2012. "Compact X-Ray Light Source Workshop Report."...
Biological Imaging by Soft X-Ray Diffraction Microscopy
Biological Imaging by Soft X-Ray Diffraction Microscopy Biological Imaging by Soft X-Ray Diffraction Microscopy Print Wednesday, 30 November 2005 00:00 Electron and x-ray...
Flares in Gamma Ray Bursts
The flare activity that is observed in GRBs soon after the prompt emission with the XRT (0.3�10 KeV) instrument on Board of the Swift satellite is leading to important clues in relation to the physical characteristics of the mechanism generating the emission of energy in Gamma Ray Bursts. We will briefly refer to the results obtained with the recent analysis [1] and [2] and discuss the preliminary results we obtained with a new larger sample of GRBs [limited to early flares] based on fitting of the flares using the Norris 2005 profile. We find in agreement with previous results that XRT flares follow the main characteristics observed in [3] for the prompt emission spikes. The estimate of the flare energy for the subsample with redshift is rather robust and an attempt is made using the redshisft sample to estimate how the energy emitted in flares depends on time. We used a H 0 ?=?70?km/s/Mpc ? ? ?=?0.7 ? m ?=?0.3 cosmology.
G. Chincarini; J. Mao; F. Pasotti; R. Margutti; C. Guidorzi; M. G. Bernardini; Swfit Italian team
We present a theory of non-solar cosmic rays (CRs) based on a single type of CR source at all energies. The total luminosity of the Galaxy, the broken power-law spectra with their observed slopes, the position of the `knee(s)' and `ankle', and the CR composition and its variation with energy are all predicted in terms of very simple and completely `standard' physics. The source of CRs is extremely `economical': it has only one parameter to be fitted to the ensemble of all of the mentioned data. All other inputs are `priors', that is, theoretical or observational items of information independent of the properties of the source of CRs, and chosen to lie in their pre-established ranges. The theory is part of a `unified view of high-energy astrophysics' --based on the `Cannonball' model of the relativistic ejecta of accreting black holes and neutron stars. If correct, this model is only lacking a satisfactory theoretical understanding of the `cannon' that emits the cannonballs in catastrophic processes of accreti...
Dar, Arnon; Dar, Arnon; R�jula, Alvaro De
Lensless X-Ray Imaging in Lensless X-Ray Imaging in Reflection Lensless X-Ray Imaging in Reflection Print Wednesday, 26 October 2011 00:00 The advent of x-ray free-electron laser (XFEL) light sources has led to an outburst of research activities in the field of lensless imaging. XFELs combine the advantages of sychrotron light sources (high brightness and x-ray wavelengths relevant to atomic and molecular phenomena) with the advantages of visible-light lasers (highly coherent beams). All of these characteristics are important for coherent x-ray diffraction imaging-lensless imaging techniques that are proving to be integral to single-shot, high-resolution imaging of both complex materials and biological samples. Existing techniques are typically designed for transmission geometry, however, and use isolated objects, requiring special sample fabrication and restricting the type of samples under investigation. Recently, researchers from the ALS and the University of Oregon have shown at ALS Beamline 12.0.2 that it is possible to form x-ray holograms in reflection geometry by using the light scattered from a sample, opening the door to lensless imaging of a wealth of new material samples.
Neutrinos and Gamma Rays from Galaxy Clusters
The next generation of neutrino and gamma-ray detectors should provide new insights into the creation and propagation of high-energy protons within galaxy clusters, probing both the particle physics of cosmic rays interacting with the background medium and the mechanisms for high-energy particle production within the cluster. In this paper we examine the possible detection of gamma-rays (via the GLAST satellite) and neutrinos (via the ICECUBE and Auger experiments) from the Coma cluster of galaxies, as well as for the gamma-ray bright clusters Abell 85, 1758, and 1914. These three were selected from their possible association with unidentified EGRET sources, so it is not yet entirely certain that their gamma-rays are indeed produced diffusively within the intracluster medium, as opposed to AGNs. It is not obvious why these inconspicuous Abell-clusters should be the first to be seen in gamma-rays, but a possible reason is that all of them show direct evidence of recent or ongoing mergers. Their identification with the EGRET gamma-ray sources is also supported by the close correlation between their radio and (purported) gamma-ray fluxes. Under favorable conditions (including a proton spectral index of 2.5 in the case of Abell 85, and sim 2.3 for Coma, and Abell 1758 and 1914), we expect ICECUBE to make as many as 0.3 neutrino detections per year from the Coma cluster of galaxies, and as many as a few per year from the Abell clusters 85, 1758, and 1914. Also, Auger may detect as many as 2 events per decade at ~ EeV energies from these gamma-ray bright clusters.
Brandon Wolfe; Fulvio Melia; Roland M. Crocker; Raymond R. Volkas
A review of gamma ray bursts
Gamma-ray bursts have continued to puzzle astronomers since their discovery thirty years ago. The sources and emission mechanisms are still uncertain. The instruments on the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory most notably BATSE have produced a revolution in our understanding of bursts. BATSE found that the burst spatial distribution was isotropic but inhomogeneous a result inconsistent with any disk population of sources. The currently favored model is one in which the sources lie at cosmological distances. Recent apparent successes in the detection of X-ray and optical counterparts have generated renewed excitement.
Charles Meegan; Kevin Hurley; Alanna Connors; Brenda Dingus; Steven Matz
Gamma-Ray Burst Early Afterglows
The successful launch and operation of NASA's Swift Gamma-Ray Burst Explorer open a new era for the multi-wavelength study of the very early afterglow phase of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). GRB early afterglow information is essential to explore the unknown physical composition of GRB jets, the link between the prompt gamma-ray emission and the afterglow emission, the GRB central engine activity, as well as the immediate GRB environment. Here I review some of the recent theoretical efforts to address these problems and describe how the latest Swift data give answers to these outstanding questions.
X-ray sources in globular clusters
The twelve bright (Lx>10(36) erg/s) X-ray sources in the globular clusters have lower luminosities than the brightest sources in the bulge of our galaxy. The dim (Lx<10(35) erg/s) X-ray sources in globular clusters reach higher luminosities than the cataclysmic variables in the disk of our galaxy. The first difference is a statistical fluke, as comparison with M31 indicates. The second difference is explained because the brightest of the dim sources are not cataclysmic variables, but soft X-ray transients in quiescence. This article describes the BeppoSAX, ROSAT and first Chandra observations leading to these conclusions.
Frank Verbunt
The calculation of ionospheric ray paths
of the up-going and down- going rays, f = 30 , Y = 0. 40, bX = 0. 15, 9 =30 0 29 3-11 Simplified ionospheric ray path corresponding to the constructions shown in Figure 3-10, 30 , Y = 0. 40, bX = 0. 15, and 8 30 30 3-12 Normal index surface curves... surface curves, extraordinary mode, vertical plane; F = 30 , Y = 2. 40, bX = 0. 15 37 3-18 Normal index surface curves, extraordinary mode, vertical plane; 9 = 30 , Y = 2. 80, bX = 0. 15 38 4- 1 incidence to 60 Ordinary mode ray paths with angles...
Koehler, Buford Ray
Studies of meutron star X-ray binaries
by type I bursts or gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), produce aspread function (PSF). Gamma-ray bursts produce a similar
Thompson, Thomas W. J.
Probing Fukushima with cosmic rays should help speed cleanup...
Probing Fukushima with cosmic rays Probing Fukushima with cosmic rays should help speed cleanup of damaged plant The initiative could reduce the time required to clean up the...
Using X-Ray Computed Tomography in Pore Structure Characterization...
Using X-Ray Computed Tomography in Pore Structure Characterization for a Berea Sandstone: Resolution Effect. Using X-Ray Computed Tomography in Pore Structure Characterization for...
On Gamma-Ray Bursts
(Shortened) We show by example how the uncoding of Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs) offers unprecedented possibilities to foster new knowledge in fundamental physics and in astrophysics. After recalling some of the classic work on vacuum polarization in uniform electric fields by Klein, Sauter, Heisenberg, Euler and Schwinger, we summarize some of the efforts to observe these effects in heavy ions and high energy ion collisions. We then turn to the theory of vacuum polarization around a Kerr-Newman black hole, leading to the extraction of the blackholic energy, to the concept of dyadosphere and dyadotorus, and to the creation of an electron-positron-photon plasma. We then present a new theoretical approach encompassing the physics of neutron stars and heavy nuclei. It is shown that configurations of nuclear matter in bulk with global charge neutrality can exist on macroscopic scales and with electric fields close to the critical value near their surfaces. These configurations may represent an initial condition for the process of gravitational collapse, leading to the creation of an electron-positron-photon plasma: the basic self-accelerating system explaining both the energetics and the high energy Lorentz factor observed in GRBs. We then turn to recall the two basic interpretational paradigms of our GRB model. [...] We then turn to the special role of the baryon loading in discriminating between "genuine" short and long or "fake" short GRBs [...] We finally turn to the GRB-Supernova Time Sequence (GSTS) paradigm: the concept of induced gravitational collapse. [...] We then present some general conclusions.
Remo Ruffini; Maria Grazia Bernardini; Carlo Luciano Bianco; Letizia Caito; Pascal Chardonnet; Christian Cherubini; Maria Giovanna Dainotti; Federico Fraschetti; Andrea Geralico; Roberto Guida; Barbara Patricelli; Michael Rotondo; Jorge Armando Rueda Hernandez; Gregory Vereshchagin; She-Sheng Xue
Is linear response to x-rays suitable for digital dental x-ray imaging systems? �Theoretical and experimental considerations
The purpose of this study was to consider theoretically and experimentally the suitability of linear response to x-rays for digital dental x-ray imaging systems.
Keiichi Nishikawa PhD; Mamoru Wakoh DDS; PhD; Kinya Kuroyanagi DDS; PhD
Thermal neutron capture gamma-rays
The energy and intensity of gamma rays as seen in thermal neutron capture are presented. Only those (n,..cap alpha..), E = thermal, reactions for which the residual nucleus mass number is greater than or equal to 45 are included. These correspond to evaluations published in Nuclear Data Sheets. The publication source data are contained in the Evaluated Nuclear Structure Data File (ENSDF). The data presented here do not involve any additional evaluation. Appendix I lists all the residual nuclides for which the data are included here. Appendix II gives a cumulated index to A-chain evaluations including the year of publication. The capture gamma ray data are given in two tables - the Table 1 is the list of all gamma rays seen in (n,..gamma..) reaction given in the order of increasing energy; the Table II lists the gamma rays according to the nuclide.
Tuli, J.K.
X-ray source for mammography
An x-ray source utilizing anode material which shifts the output spectrum to higher energy and thereby obtains higher penetrating ability for screening mammography application, than the currently utilized anode material. The currently used anode material (molybdenum) produces an energy x-ray spectrum of 17.5/19.6 keV, which using the anode material of this invention (e.g. silver, rhodium, and tungsten) the x-ray spectrum would be in the 20-35 keV region. Thus, the anode material of this invention provides for imaging of breasts with higher than average x-ray opacity without increase of the radiation dose, and thus reduces the risk of induced breast cancer due to the radiation dose administered for mammograms.
Logan, Clinton M. (Pleasanton, CA)
Lunar/Solar effects on Cosmic Rays
Lunar/Solar effects on Cosmic Rays By: Sophia Bauer & Jenna Valdez #12;Introduction When cosmic, California." Moon Phase Calendar for Santa Cruz, California. N.p., n.d. Web. 02 Aug. 2012.
The beginning of cosmic ray astronomy
We discuss the anisotropic arrival directions of the ultra high energy cosmic rays detected by Auger which I consider one of the biggest discoverie in astrophysics during the last year.
Cosmic-ray muons at ultrahigh energies
Fluxes of cosmic-ray muons were estimated over the energy range extending up to 1010 GeV. Data on the production of pions; kaons; ?, ??, ?, ?, and ? mesons; charmed particles; and J/?...mesons from accelerator ex...
L. V. Volkova
Ultrafast X-Ray Sources and Science
X-ray science is entering the ultrafast and ultraintense era - spurred by developments in coherent, short-wavelength sources that range from tabletop to accelerator-based. These...
Young, Linda
Gravitational waves and gamma-ray bursts
Gamma-Ray Bursts are likely associated with a catastrophic energy release in stellar mass objects. Electromagnetic observations provide important, but indirect information on the progenitor. On the other hand, gravitational waves emitted from the central source, carry direct information on its nature. In this context, I give an overview of the multi-messenger study of gamma-ray bursts that can be carried out by using electromagnetic and gravitational wave observations. I also underline the importance of joint electromagnetic and gravitational wave searches, in the absence of a gamma-ray trigger. Finally, I discuss how multi-messenger observations may probe alternative gamma-ray burst progenitor models, such as the magnetar scenario.
Alessandra Corsi; for the LIGO Scientific Collaboration; for the Virgo Collaboration
X-ray induced optical reflectivity
DOE Public Access Gateway for Energy & Science Beta (PAGES Beta)
The change in optical reflectivity induced by intense x-ray pulses can now be used to study ultrafast many body responses in solids in the femtosecond time domain. X-ray absorption creates photoelectrons and core level holes subsequently filled by Auger or fluorescence processes, and these excitations ultimately add conduction and valence band carriers that perturb optical reflectivity.Optical absorption associated with band filling and band gap narrowing is shown to explain the basic features found in recent measurements on an insulator (silicon nitride, Si3N4), a semiconductor(gallium arsenide,GaAs), and a metal (gold,Au), obtained with ?100 fs x-ray pulses at 500-2000 eV and probed with 800 nm laser pulses. In particular GaAs exhibits an abrupt drop in reflectivity, persisting only for a time comparable to the x-ray excitation pulse duration, consistent with prompt band gap narrowing.
Durbin, Stephen M.
Can gamma-ray bursts constrain quintessence?
Using the narrow clustering of the geometrically corrected gamma-ray energies released by gamma-ray bursts, we investigate the possibility of using these sources as standard candles to probe cosmological parameters such as the matter density Omega_m and the cosmological constant energy density Omega_Lambda. By simulating different samples of gamma-ray bursts, we find that Omega_m can be determined with accuracy ~7% with data from 300 sources. We also show that, if Omega = 1 is due to a quintessence field, some of the models proposed in the literature may be discriminated from a Universe with cosmological constant, by a similar-sized sample of gamma-ray bursts.
T. Di Girolamo; R. Catena; M. Vietri; G. Di Sciascio
SMB, X-ray Emission Spectroscopy
Emission Spectroscopy Beam Line 6-2b X-ray Emission Spectroscopy Beam Line 6-2b is an advanced spectroscopy experimental station on the multidisciplinary general user wiggler Beam...
Invariance Violation Extends the Cosmic Ray Horizon?
We postulate in the present paper that the energy-momentum relation is modified for very high energy particles to violate Lorentz invariance and the speed of photon is changed from the light velocity c. The violation effect is amplified, in a sensitive way to detection, through the modified kinematical constraints on the conservation of energy and momentum, in the absorption process of gamma-rays colliding against photons of longer wavelengths and converting into an electron-positron pair. For gamma-rays of energies higher than 10 TeV, the minimum energy of the soft photons for the reaction and then the absorption mean free path of gamma-rays are altered by orders of magnitude from the ones conventionally estimated. Consideration is similarly applied to high energy cosmic ray protons. The consequences may require the standard assumptions on the maximum distance that very high energy radiation can travel from to be revised.
Kifune, T
Invariance Violation Extends the Cosmic Ray Horizon ?
T. Kifune
Gravitational waves and short gamma ray bursts.
??Short hard gamma-ray bursts (GRB) are believed to be produced by compact binary coalescences (CBC) { either double neutron stars or neutron star{black hole binaries.� (more)
Predoi, Valeriu
Ray tracing of Jovian kilometric radiation
Results of computer ray tracing of Jovian kilometric from 56.2 kHz to 1 MHz in a model Jovian magnetosphere with an Io torus are presented. Ray tracing calculations indicate that the Io torus presents a propagation barrier to the radiation and that the Jovian kilometric radiation must be generated in the L-O mode from a source near Jupiter on field lines passing through the Io torus. One effect of the Io torus is to refract the rays away from the magnetic equator forming a shadow zone at radial distances beyond the torus. In general, at radial distances greater than 10 Jovian radii, as the wave frequency increases (>200 kHz) so does the magnetic latitude of the shadow zone. These and other features of the ray tracing calculations are in good qualitative agreement with the observations from the plasma wave receiver and planetary radio astronomy experiment on board both Voyager 1 and 2.
Green, J.L.; Gurnett, D.A.
X-raying galaxies: A Chandra legacy
...Astronomy, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 This presentation...stellar x-ray sources in the solar neighborhood (8). The...elements�Meteoritic and solar . Geochim Cosmochim Acta 53...Astronomy, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA...
Q. Daniel Wang
Small Angle X-Ray Scattering Detector
A detector for time-resolved small-angle x-ray scattering includes a nearly constant diameter, evacuated linear tube having an end plate detector with a first fluorescent screen and concentric rings of first fiber optic bundles for low angle scattering detection and an annular detector having a second fluorescent screen and second fiber optic bundles concentrically disposed about the tube for higher angle scattering detection. With the scattering source, i.e., the specimen under investigation, located outside of the evacuated tube on the tube's longitudinal axis, scattered x-rays are detected by the fiber optic bundles, to each of which is coupled a respective photodetector, to provide a measurement resolution, i.e., dq/q, where q is the momentum transferred from an incident x-ray to an x-ray scattering specimen, of 2% over two (2) orders of magnitude in reciprocal space, i.e., qmax/qmin approx=lO0.
Hessler, Jan P.
Ray Orbach Asks Science to Serve Society
...grafting an applied component onto DOE's basic science portfolio without diluting the quality of the research itself. Michael Lubell, a lobbyist for the American Physical Society, calls the hydrogen funds �a testament to Ray� and praises his success...
Eli Kintisch
X-Ray Nanoimaging: Instruments and Methods
X-Ray Nanoimaging: Instruments and Methods To be held as part of SPIE. http:spie.orgOP318 August 28-29, 2013; San Diego, California, USA...
Femtosecond X-ray protein nanocrystallography
Femtosecond X-ray protein nanocrystallography Authors: Chapman, H.N., Fromme, P., Barty, A., White, T.A., Kirian, R.A., Aquila, A., Hunter, M.S., Schulz, J., DePonte, D.P.,...
An x-ray source is described utilizing anode material which shifts the output spectrum to higher energy and thereby obtains higher penetrating ability for screening mammography application, than the currently utilized anode material. The currently used anode material (molybdenum) produces an energy x-ray spectrum of 17.5/19.6 keV, which using the anode material of this invention (e.g. silver, rhodium, and tungsten) the x-ray spectrum would be in the 20-35 keV region. Thus, the anode material of this invention provides for imaging of breasts with higher than average x-ray opacity without increase of the radiation dose, and thus reduces the risk of induced breast cancer due to the radiation dose administered for mammograms. 6 figures.
Logan, C.M.
Simultaneous Planck, Swift, and Fermi observations of X-ray and gamma-ray selected blazars
We present simultaneous Planck, Swift, Fermi, and ground-based data for 105 blazars belonging to three samples with flux limits in the soft X-ray, hard X-ray, and gamma-ray bands. Our unique data set has allowed us to demonstrate that the selection method strongly influences the results, producing biases that cannot be ignored. Almost all the BL Lac objects have been detected by Fermi-LAT, whereas ~40% of the flat-spectrum radio quasars (FSRQs) in the radio, soft X-ray, and hard X-ray selected samples are still below the gamma-ray detection limit even after integrating 27 months of Fermi-LAT data. The radio to sub-mm spectral slope of blazars is quite flat up to ~70GHz, above which it steepens to ~-0.65. BL Lacs have significantly flatter spectra than FSRQs at higher frequencies. The distribution of the rest-frame synchrotron peak frequency (\
Giommi, P; Lahteenmaki, A; Thompson, D J; Capalbi, M; Cutini, S; Gasparrini, D; Gonzalez-Nuevo, J; Leon-Tavares, J; Lopez-Caniego, M; Mazziotta, M N; Monte, C; Perri, M; Raino, S; Tosti, G; Tramacere, A; Verrecchia, F; Aller, H D; Aller, M F; Angelakis, E; Bastieri, D; Berdyugin, A; Bonaldi, A; Bonavera, L; Burigana, C; Burrows, D N; Buson, S; Cavazzuti, E; Chincarini, G; Colafrancesco, S; Costamante, L; Cuttaia, F; D'Ammando, F; de Zotti, G; Frailis, M; Fuhrmann, L; Galeotta, S; Gargano, F; Gehrels, N; Giglietto, N; Giordano, F; Giroletti, M; Keihanen, E; King, O; Krichbaum, T P; Lasenby, A; Lavonen, N; Lawrence, C R; Leto, C; Lindfors, E; Mandolesi, N; Massardi, M; Max-Moerbeck, W; Michelson, P F; Mingaliev, M; Natoli, P; Nestoras, I; Nieppola, E; Nilsson, K; Partridge, B; Pavlidou, V; Pearson, T J; Procopio, P; Rachen, J P; Readhead, A; Reeves, R; Reimer, A; Reinthal, R; Ricciardi, S; Richards, J; Riquelme, D; Saarinen, J; Sajina, A; Sandri, M; Savolainen, P; Sievers, A; Sillanpaa, A; Sotnikova, Y; Stevenson, M; Tagliaferri, G; Takalo, L; Tammi, J; Tavagnacco, D; Terenzi, L; Toffolatti, L; Tornikoski, M; Trigilio, C; Turunen, M; Umana, G; Ungerechts, H; Villa, F; Wu, J; Zacchei, A; Zensus, J A; Zhou, X
A Novel Approach to Reduce Ray Tracing Simulation Times by Predicting Number or Rays
Abstract A ray tracer, specifically designed for concentrating solar power systems, has been developed at the Solar Thermal Energy Research Group (STERG). In most ray tracers a simulation runs until a number of rays, predefined by the user, have been traced. In a novel approach the raytracer uses a user defined tolerable error and confidence interval to predict and automatically trace the required number of rays for a simulation. This reduces computational time as only the minimum required number of rays are traced. This method has not been incorporated into any of the openly available ray tracers. The method and algorithm incorporated into the STERG raytracer are described here. As a validation test case the Eurodish and optimised field layout of Planta Solar 10 plant have been simulated.
S.J. Bode; P. Gauch�; D. Griffith
Development of x-ray laminography under an x-ray microscopic condition
An x-ray laminography system under an x-ray microscopic condition was developed to obtain a three-dimensional structure of laterally-extended planar objects which were difficult to observe by x-ray tomography. An x-ray laminography technique was introduced to an x-ray transmission microscope with zone plate optics. Three prototype sample holders were evaluated for x-ray imaging laminography. Layered copper grid sheets were imaged as a laminated sample. Diatomite powder on a silicon nitride membrane was measured to confirm the applicability of this method to non-planar micro-specimens placed on the membrane. The three-dimensional information of diatom shells on the membrane was obtained at a spatial resolution of sub-micron. Images of biological cells on the membrane were also obtained by using a Zernike phase contrast technique.
Hoshino, Masato; Uesugi, Kentaro; Takeuchi, Akihisa; Suzuki, Yoshio; Yagi, Naoto [Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute JASRI/SPring-8, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5198 (Japan)
X-ray views of neutron star low-mass X-ray binaries
A neutron star low-mass X-ray binary is a binary stellar system with a neutron star and a low-mass companion star rotating around each other. In this system the neutron star accretes mass from the companion, and as this matter falls into the deep potential well of the neutron star, the gravitational potential energy is released primarily in the X-ray wavelengths. Such a source was first discovered in X-rays in 1962, and this discovery formally gave birth to the "X-ray astronomy". In the subsequent decades, our knowledge of these sources has increased enormously by the observations with several X-ray space missions. Here we give a brief overview of our current understanding of the X-ray observational aspects of these systems.
Sudip Bhattacharyya
Gamma Ray Bursts from Ordinary Cosmic Strings
We give an upper estimate for the number of gamma ray bursts from ordinary (non-superconducting) cosmic strings expected to be observed at terrestrial detectors. Assuming that cusp annihilation is the mechanism responsible for the bursts we consider strings arising at a GUT phase transition and compare our estimate with the recent BATSE results. Further we give a lower limit for the effective area of future detectors designed to detect the cosmic string induced flux of gamma ray bursts.
R. H. Brandenberger; A. T. Sornborger; M. Trodden
Influence of Cosmic Rays on Earth's Climate
During the last solar cycle Earth's cloud cover underwent a modulation more closely in phase with the galactic cosmic ray flux than with other solar activity parameters. Further it is found that Earth's temperature follows more closely decade variations in galactic cosmic ray flux and solar cycle length, than other solar activity parameters. The main conclusion is that the average state of the heliosphere affects Earth's climate.
Henrik Svensmark
X-Ray Imaging in Reflection Print X-Ray Imaging in Reflection Print The advent of x-ray free-electron laser (XFEL) light sources has led to an outburst of research activities in the field of lensless imaging. XFELs combine the advantages of sychrotron light sources (high brightness and x-ray wavelengths relevant to atomic and molecular phenomena) with the advantages of visible-light lasers (highly coherent beams). All of these characteristics are important for coherent x-ray diffraction imaging-lensless imaging techniques that are proving to be integral to single-shot, high-resolution imaging of both complex materials and biological samples. Existing techniques are typically designed for transmission geometry, however, and use isolated objects, requiring special sample fabrication and restricting the type of samples under investigation. Recently, researchers from the ALS and the University of Oregon have shown at ALS Beamline 12.0.2 that it is possible to form x-ray holograms in reflection geometry by using the light scattered from a sample, opening the door to lensless imaging of a wealth of new material samples.
Argonne CNM: X-Ray Microscopy Capabilities
X-Ray Microscopy Facilities X-Ray Microscopy Facilities The Hard X-Ray Nanoprobe (HXN) facility provides scanning fluorescence, scanning diffraction, and full-field transmission and tomographic imaging capabilities with a spatial resolution of 30 nm over a spectral range of 6-12 keV. Modes of Operation Full-Field Transmission Imaging and Nanotomography X-ray transmission imaging uses both the absorption and phase shift of the X-ray beam by the sample as contrast mechanisms. Absorption contrast is used to map the sample density. Elemental constituents can be located by using differential edge contrast in this mode. Phase contrast can be highly sensitive to edges and interfaces even when the X-ray absorption is weak. These contrast mechanisms are exploited to image samples rapidly in full-field transmission mode under various environmental conditions, or combined with nanotomography methods to study the three-dimensional structure of complex and amorphous nanomaterials with the HXN.
Lensless X-Ray Imaging in Reflection Print Lensless X-Ray Imaging in Reflection Print The advent of x-ray free-electron laser (XFEL) light sources has led to an outburst of research activities in the field of lensless imaging. XFELs combine the advantages of sychrotron light sources (high brightness and x-ray wavelengths relevant to atomic and molecular phenomena) with the advantages of visible-light lasers (highly coherent beams). All of these characteristics are important for coherent x-ray diffraction imaging-lensless imaging techniques that are proving to be integral to single-shot, high-resolution imaging of both complex materials and biological samples. Existing techniques are typically designed for transmission geometry, however, and use isolated objects, requiring special sample fabrication and restricting the type of samples under investigation. Recently, researchers from the ALS and the University of Oregon have shown at ALS Beamline 12.0.2 that it is possible to form x-ray holograms in reflection geometry by using the light scattered from a sample, opening the door to lensless imaging of a wealth of new material samples.
The Constellation X-ray mission
The Constellation-X mission is a large collecting area X-ray facility, emphasizing observations at high spectral resolution (E/?E?300�3000) while covering a broad energy band (0.25�40 keV). By increasing the telescope aperture and utilizing efficient spectrometers the mission will achieve a factor of 100 increased sensitivity over current high-resolution X-ray spectroscopy missions. The use of focussing optics across the 10�40 keV band will provide a similar factor of 100 increased sensitivity in this band. Key technologies under development for the mission include lightweight high throughput X-ray optics, multilayer coatings to enhance the hard X-ray performance of X-ray optics, micro-calorimeter spectrometer arrays with 2 eV resolution, low-power and low-weight CCD arrays, lightweight gratings and hard X-ray detectors. When observations commence towards the end of the next decade, Constellation-X will address many pressing questions concerning the extremes of gravity and the evolution of the Universe.
N.E White; H Tananbaum
Jupiter as a Giant Cosmic Ray Detector
We explore the feasibility of using the atmosphere of Jupiter to detect Ultra-High-Energy Cosmic Rays (UHECR's). The large surface area of Jupiter allows us to probe cosmic rays of higher energies than previously accessible. Cosmic ray extensive air showers in Jupiter's atmosphere could in principle be detected by the Large Area Telescope (LAT) on the Fermi observatory. In order to be observed, these air showers would need to be oriented toward the Earth, and would need to occur sufficiently high in the atmosphere that the gamma rays can penetrate. We demonstrate that, under these assumptions, Jupiter provides an effective cosmic ray "detector" area of $3.3 \\times 10^7$ km$^2$. We predict that Fermi-LAT should be able to detect events of energy $>10^{21}$ eV with fluence $10^{-7}$ erg cm$^{-2}$ at a rate of about one per month. The observed number of air showers may provide an indirect measure of the flux of cosmic rays $\\gtrsim 10^{20}$ eV. Extensive air showers also produce a synchrotron signature that may ...
Rimmer, Paul B; Helling, Christiane
X-Ray Observations of Radio Galaxies
We review some of the ways that X-ray observations provide unique information on radio galaxies. Thermal bremsstrahlung X-ray emission provides detailed data on ambient densities and temperatures. These parameters in turn can be used for pressure balance calculations and can demonstrate how the ambient gas affects radio source structure. Additionally, many signatures of the interaction of radio jets and lobes with the hot gas are found in high resolution X-ray maps. Non-thermal X-ray emission from knots and hotspots of radio jets can give us constraints on the relativistic electron population for energies greater that that normally sampled in the radio (in the case of synchrotron emission) or can give us an independent estimate of the average magnetic field strength (if inverse Compton emission is the origin of the X-rays). From recent ROSAT HRI observations of 3C 390.3 and 3C 120, we show evidence that X-ray emission from knots and hotspots appears to be associated with regions of large gradients in the radio surface brightness; i.e. at the location of powerful shocks.
D. E. Harris
Compton backscattered collimated x-ray source
A high-intensity, inexpensive and collimated x-ray source is disclosed for applications such as x-ray lithography is disclosed. An intense pulse from a high power laser, stored in a high-finesse resonator, repetitively collides nearly head-on with and Compton backscatters off a bunched electron beam, having relatively low energy and circulating in a compact storage ring. Both the laser and the electron beams are tightly focused and matched at the interaction region inside the optical resonator. The laser-electron interaction not only gives rise to x-rays at the desired wavelength, but also cools and stabilizes the electrons against intrabeam scattering and Coulomb repulsion with each other in the storage ring. This cooling provides a compact, intense bunch of electrons suitable for many applications. In particular, a sufficient amount of x-rays can be generated by this device to make it an excellent and flexible Compton backscattered x-ray (CBX) source for high throughput x-ray lithography and many other applications. 4 figs.
Ruth, R.D.; Huang, Z.
Compton backscattered collmated X-ray source
A high-intensity, inexpensive and collimated x-ray source for applications such as x-ray lithography is disclosed. An intense pulse from a high power laser, stored in a high-finesse resonator, repetitively collides nearly head-on with and Compton backscatters off a bunched electron beam, having relatively low energy and circulating in a compact storage ring. Both the laser and the electron beams are tightly focused and matched at the interaction region inside the optical resonator. The laser-electron interaction not only gives rise to x-rays at the desired wavelength, but also cools and stabilizes the electrons against intrabeam scattering and Coulomb repulsion with each other in the storage ring. This cooling provides a compact, intense bunch of electrons suitable for many applications. In particular, a sufficient amount of x-rays can be generated by this device to make it an excellent and flexible Compton backscattered x-ray (CBX) source for high throughput x-ray lithography and many other applications.
Ruth, Ronald D. (Woodside, CA); Huang, Zhirong (Stanford, CA)
Lag-luminosity relation in gamma-ray burst X-ray flares
In strict analogy to prompt pulses, X-ray flares observed by Swift-XRT in long Gamma-Ray Bursts define a lag-luminosity relation: L{sub p,iso}{sup 0.3-10} k{sup eV} {infinity}t{sub lag}{sup -0.95{+-}0.23}. The lag-luminosity is proven to be a fundamental law extending {approx}5 decades in time and {approx}5 in energy. This is direct evidence that GRB X-ray flares and prompt gamma-ray pulses are produced by the same mechanism.
Margutti, R.
Are gamma-ray bursts the sources of ultra-high energy cosmic rays?
We reconsider the possibility that gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are the sources of the ultra-high energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) within the internal shock model, assuming a pure proton composition of the UHECRs. For the first time, we combine the information from gamma-rays, cosmic rays, prompt neutrinos, and cosmogenic neutrinos quantitatively in a joint cosmic ray production and propagation model, and we show that the information on the cosmic energy budget can be obtained as a consequence. In addition to the neutron model, we consider alternative scenarios for the cosmic ray escape from the GRBs, i.e., that cosmic rays can leak from the sources. We find that the dip model, which describes the ankle in UHECR observations by the pair production dip, is strongly disfavored in combination with the internal shock model because a) unrealistically high baryonic loadings (energy in protons versus energy in electrons/gamma-rays) are needed for the individual GRBs and b) the prompt neutrino flux easily overshoots the corresponding neutrino bound. On the other hand, GRBs may account for the UHECRs in the ankle transition model if cosmic rays leak out from the source at the highest energies. In that case, we demonstrate that future neutrino observations can efficiently test most of the parameter space -- unless the baryonic loading is much larger than previously anticipated.
Philipp Baerwald; Mauricio Bustamante; Walter Winter
A common stochastic process rules gamma-ray burst prompt emission and X-ray flares
Prompt gamma-ray and early X-ray afterglow emission in gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are characterized by a bursty behavior and are often interspersed with long quiescent times. There is compelling evidence that X-ray flares are linked to prompt gamma-rays. However, the physical mechanism that leads to the complex temporal distribution of gamma-ray pulses and X-ray flares is not understood. Here we show that the waiting time distribution (WTD) of pulses and flares exhibits a power-law tail extending over 4 decades with index ~2 and can be the manifestation of a common time-dependent Poisson process. This result is robust and is obtained on different catalogs. Surprisingly, GRBs with many (>=8) gamma-ray pulses are very unlikely to be accompanied by X-ray flares after the end of the prompt emission (3.1 sigma Gaussian confidence). These results are consistent with a simple interpretation: an hyperaccreting disk breaks up into one or a few groups of fragments, each of which is independently accreted with the same pro...
Guidorzi, C; Frontera, F; Margutti, R; Baldeschi, A; Amati, L
The gamma?ray burst capabilities of BATSE and the Gamma Ray Observatory
The Gamma Ray Observatory (GRO) scheduled for launch in 1990 will provide new and enhanced capabilities for the study of gamma?ray bursts. These include higher sensitivity increased time resolution broader energy coverage rapid burst data dissemination and burst location by a single spacecraft. All four of the GRO instruments have burst capabilities however the Burst and Transient Source Experiment (BATSE) is designed primarily for the study of gamma?ray bursts. The capabilities of BATSE and the GRO for gamma?ray burst studies are described.
G. J. Fishman
Abstract We reconsider the possibility that gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are the sources of the ultra-high energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) within the internal shock model, assuming a pure proton composition of the UHECRs. For the first time, we combine the information from gamma-rays, cosmic rays, prompt neutrinos, and cosmogenic neutrinos quantitatively in a joint cosmic ray production and propagation model, and we show that the information on the cosmic energy budget can be obtained as a consequence. In addition to the neutron model, we consider alternative scenarios for the cosmic ray escape from the GRBs, i.e., that cosmic rays can leak from the sources. We find that the dip model, which describes the ankle in UHECR observations by the pair production dip, is strongly disfavored in combination with the internal shock model because (a) unrealistically high baryonic loadings (energy in protons versus energy in electrons/gamma-rays) are needed for the individual \\{GRBs\\} and (b) the prompt neutrino flux easily overshoots the corresponding neutrino bound. On the other hand, \\{GRBs\\} may account for the \\{UHECRs\\} in the ankle transition model if cosmic rays leak out from the source at the highest energies. In that case, we demonstrate that future neutrino observations can efficiently test most of the parameter space � unless the baryonic loading is much larger than previously anticipated.
High energy cosmic-rays from gamma-ray burst sources: A stronger case
The suggested association between the sources of gamma-ray bursts (GRB's) and the sources of ultra-high energy cosmic rays (UHECR's) is based on two arguments: (i) The average energy generation rate of UHECR's is similar to the gamma-ray generation rate of GRB's, and (ii) The constraints that UHECR sources must satisfy to allow proton acceleration to >10^{20} eV are similar to those inferred for GRB sources from gamma-ray observations. We show that recent GRB and UHECR observations strengthen both arguments, and hence strengthen the suggested association.
E. Waxman
Reflection soft X-ray microscope and method
A reflection soft X-ray microscope is provided by generating soft X-ray beams, condensing the X-ray beams to strike a surface of an object at a predetermined angle, and focusing the X-ray beams reflected from the surface onto a detector, for recording an image of the surface or near surface features of the object under observation.
Suckewer, Szymon (Princeton, NJ); Skinner, Charles H. (Lawrenceville, NJ); Rosser, Roy (Princeton, NJ)
Differential phase contrast X-ray imaging system and components
A differential phase contrast X-ray imaging system includes an X-ray illumination system, a beam splitter arranged in an optical path of the X-ray illumination system, and a detection system arranged in an optical path to detect X-rays after passing through the beam splitter.
Stutman, Daniel; Finkenthal, Michael
#134860 v1 - NERAC MAY 04 MINUTESw-oredline.doc
May 18-19, 2004 May 18-19, 2004 Georgetown University Conference Center, Washington, D.C. NERAC members present: John Ahearne, Vice Chairman Robert L. Long Thomas B. Cochran William F. Martin, Chairman Joseph R. Comfort Warren F. Miller Michael L. Corradini Sekazi K. Mtingwa Jose Luis M. Cortez Jerry Paul Allen G. Croff Harold B. Ray Marvin S. Fertel Richard Reba (Tuesday only) Beverly K. Hartline Joy Lynn Rempe Silvia S. Jurrison (Tuesday only) Michael B. Sellman Andrew C. Klein Allen L. Sessoms Dale E. Klein (Tuesday only) Neil Todreas (Tuesday only) NERAC members absent: Steve Fetter Daniel C. Sullivan Richard A. Meserve Charles E. Till Also participating:
Microsoft Word - Draft Minutes NERAC Feb 2007.doc
Draft Minutes Draft Minutes Nuclear Energy Research Advisory Committee Meeting February 20-21, 2007 Bennion Student Union Idaho State University/University of Idaho Idaho Falls, Idaho Committee Members Participating John Ahearne, Vice Chair, via telephone, Wednesday morning only Michael Corradini, all day Tuesday and Wednesday morning only Jose Luis Cortez, all day Tuesday and Wednesday morning only Robert Long William Martin, Chair Sekazi Mtingwa, via telephone, Tuesday only Harold Ray Alan Sessoms, via telephone, all day Tuesday and Wednesday morning only Neil Todreas Committee Members Absent Thomas Cochran Marvin Fertel Steve Fetter Marilyn Kray Michael B. Sellman Other Participants: John Boger, Designated Federal Official, Office of Nuclear Energy, USDOE
Gamma-Ray Studies in Boron-10
Gamma rays emanating from the 7.56-Mev level of B10 were analyzed with a five-crystal pair spectrometer. Cascade gamma rays were investigated by recording the spectra in coincidence with the 2.40, 0.72, 2.15, and 5.41-Mev gamma-ray transitions. The branching ratios for the decay of the 7.56-Mev level were found to be 76%, 9%, and 15% for 6.84, 5.41, and 2.40-Mev gamma rays, respectively. For the 2.15-Mev level, the respective branching ratios for 2.15, 1.43, and 0.41-Mev gamma rays were shown to be 16%, 29%, and 55%. The partial width for the 3.01-Mev transition was found to be less than 1% of the total width of the 5.16-Mev state in B10. Combining this result with the data of Meyer-Sch�tzmeister and Hanna, the gamma-ray width of the 5.16-Mev level was found to be 0.51 ev and the alpha width 32?<500 ev. Although the upper limit for the alpha width of the 5.16-Mev level is quite small, this result is shown to be consistent with the alpha transition being isotopic spin allowed. The conflict between our result ??3.01?<0.01 and other evidence requiring larger relative partial gamma-ray widths may be resolved if the 5.16-Mev state in B10 is assumed to be a doublet.
Esther L. Sprenkel and James W. Daughtry
High spatial resolution X-ray and gamma ray imaging system using diffraction crystals
A method and a device for high spatial resolution imaging of a plurality of sources of x-ray and gamma-ray radiation are provided. The device comprises a plurality of arrays, with each array comprising a plurality of elements comprising a first collimator, a diffracting crystal, a second collimator, and a detector.
Smither, Robert K. (Hinsdale, IL)
Gamma ray bursts, cosmic ray origin, and the unidentified EGRET sources
Statistical arguments show that the volume- and time-averaged kinetic power of GRBs and fireball transients (FTs) into an L* galaxy like the Milky Way is at the level of 10 40 ? ergs?s ?1 . This number though with wide uncertainties related to the internal or external shock efficiency is sufficient to power hadronic cosmic rays observed locally. The release of energy by the high-mass progenitor stars of GRBs and FTs is sufficient to power the ultrahigh energy cosmic rays as already shown by Waxman and Vietri in 1995. It is sufficient to power the cosmic rays above the knee of the cosmic-ray spectrum. Indeed all hadronic cosmic rays could originate from the high-mass (?100? M ? ) stars that collapse to black holes in the process forming GRBs and FTs. This source class represents a new solution to the problem of cosmic-ray origin. The ?10 4 �10 7 black holes made by these stars could make their presence known by radiating as they accrete from the ISM by microlensing background radiations and by forming luminous binary systems. Some unidentified EGRET sources could be isolated black holes that accrete from the ISM. Better imaging and sensitivity with GLAST and TeV observatories will test this model for the unidentified ?-ray sources and this theory for cosmic-ray origin.
Charles D. Dermer
Cosmic-ray and X-ray heating are derived from the electron energy-loss calculations of Dalgarno, Yan, and Liu for hydrogen-helium gas mixtures. These authors treated the heating from elastic scattering and collisional de-excitation of rotationally excited hydrogen molecules. Here we consider the heating that can arise from all ionization and excitation processes, with particular emphasis on the reactions of cosmic-ray and X-ray generated ions with the heavy neutral species, which we refer to as chemical heating. In molecular regions, chemical heating dominates and can account for 50% of the energy expended in the creation of an ion pair. The heating per ion pair ranges in the limit of negligible electron fraction from {approx}4.3 eV for diffuse atomic gas to {approx}13 eV for the moderately dense regions of molecular clouds and to {approx}18 eV for the very dense regions of protoplanetary disks. An important general conclusion of this study is that cosmic-ray and X-ray heating depends on the physical properties of the medium, i.e., on the molecular and electron fractions, the total density of hydrogen nuclei, and, to a lesser extent, on the temperature. It is also noted that chemical heating, the dominant process for cosmic-ray and X-ray heating, plays a role in UV irradiated molecular gas.
Glassgold, Alfred E. [Astronomy Department, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3411 (United States); Galli, Daniele [INAF-Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri, Largo E. Fermi 5, I-50125 (Italy); Padovani, Marco, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com, E-mail: email@example.com, E-mail: email@example.com [Laboratoire de Radioastronomie Millimetrique, UMR 8112 du CNRS, Ecole Normale Superieure et Observatoire de Paris, 24 rue Lhomond, F-75231 Paris Cedex 05 (France)
X-Ray Observations of Unidentified H.E.S.S. Gamma-Ray Sources
In a survey of the inner part of the Galaxy, performed with the H.E.S.S. Instrument (High energy stereoscopic system) in 2004 and 2005, a large number of new unidentified very high energy (VHE) {gamma}-ray sources above an energy of 100 GeV was discovered. Often the {gamma}-ray spectra in these sources reach energies of up to {approx} 10 TeV. These are the highest energy particles ever attributed to single astrophysical objects. While a few of these sources can be identified at other wavebands, most of these sources remain unidentified so far. A positive identification of these new g-ray sources with a counterpart object at other wavebands requires (a) a positional coincidence between the two sources,( b) a viable {gamma}-ray emission mechanism and (c) a consistent multiwavelength behavior of the two sources. X-ray observations with satellites such as XMM-Newton, Chandra or Suzaku provide one of the best channels to studying these enigmatic {gamma}-ray sources at other wavebands, since they combine high angular resolution and sensitivity with the ability to access non-thermal electrons through their synchrotron emission. We therefore have started a dedicated program to investigate VHE {gamma}-ray sources with high-sensitivity X-ray instruments.
Funk, S.; /SLAC
Predicted X-ray backgrounds for the International X-ray Observatory
The background that will be observed by IXO's X-ray detectors naturally separates into two components: (1) a Cosmic X-ray Background (CXB), primarily due to unresolved point sources at high energies (E>2 keV), along with ...
Bautz, Marshall W.
X-ray focal spot locating apparatus and method
Gilbert, Hubert W. (Cedar Crest, NM)
X-ray Pinhole Camera Measurements
The development of the rod pinch diode [1] has led to high-resolution radiography for dynamic events such as explosive tests. Rod pinch diodes use a small diameter anode rod, which extends through the aperture of a cathode plate. Electrons borne off the aperture surface can self-insulate and pinch onto the tip of the rod, creating an intense, small x-ray source (Primary Pinch). This source has been utilized as the main diagnostic on numerous experiments that include high-value, single-shot events. In such applications there is an emphasis on machine reliability, x-ray reproducibility, and x-ray quality [2]. In tests with the baseline rod pinch diode, we have observed that an additional pinch (Secondary Pinch) occurs at the interface near the anode rod and the rod holder. This suggests that stray electrons exist that are not associated with the Primary Pinch. In this paper we present measurements on both pinches using an x-ray pinhole camera. The camera is placed downstream of the Primary Pinch at an angle of 60� with respect to the diode centerline. This diagnostic will be employed to diagnose x-ray reproducibility and quality. In addition, we will investigate the performance of hybrid diodes relating to the formation of the Primary and Secondary Pinches.
Nelson, D. S. [NSTec; Berninger, M. J. [NSTec; Flores, P. A. [NSTec; Good, D. E. [NSTec; Henderson, D. J. [NSTec; Hogge, K. W. [NSTec; Huber, S. R. [NSTec; Lutz, S. S. [NSTec; Mitchell, S. E. [NSTec; Howe, R. A. [NSTec; Mitton, C. V. [NSTec; Molina, I. [NSTec; Bozman, D. R. [SNL; Cordova, S. R. [SNL; Mitchell, D. R. [SNL; Oliver, B. V. [SNL; Ormond, E. C. [SNL
Nonlinear X-ray Compton Scattering
X-ray scattering is a weak linear probe of matter. It is primarily sensitive to the position of electrons and their momentum distribution. Elastic X-ray scattering forms the basis of atomic structural determination while inelastic Compton scattering is often used as a spectroscopic probe of both single-particle excitations and collective modes. X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) are unique tools for studying matter on its natural time and length scales due to their bright and coherent ultrashort pulses. However, in the focus of an XFEL the assumption of a weak linear probe breaks down, and nonlinear light-matter interactions can become ubiquitous. The field can be sufficiently high that even non-resonant multiphoton interactions at hard X-rays wavelengths become relevant. Here we report the observation of one of the most fundamental nonlinear X-ray-matter interactions, the simultaneous Compton scattering of two identical photons producing a single photon at nearly twice the photon energy. We measure scattered...
Fuchs, Matthias; Chen, Jian; Ghimire, Shambhu; Shwartz, Sharon; Kozina, Michael; Jiang, Mason; Henighan, Thomas; Bray, Crystal; Ndabashimiye, Georges; Bucksbaum, P H; Feng, Yiping; Herrmann, Sven; Carini, Gabriella; Pines, Jack; Hart, Philip; Kenney, Christopher; Guillet, Serge; Boutet, Sebastien; Williams, Garth; Messerschmidt, Marc; Seibert, Marvin; Moeller, Stefan; Hastings, Jerome B; Reis, David A
Methods for forming X-ray images having 0.25 {micro}m minimum line widths on X-ray sensitive material are presented. A holographic image of a desired circuit pattern is projected onto a wafer or other image-receiving substrate to allow recording of the desired image in photoresist material. In one embodiment, the method uses on-axis transmission and provides a high flux X-ray source having modest monochromaticity and coherence requirements. A layer of light-sensitive photoresist material on a wafer with a selected surface is provided to receive the image(s). The hologram has variable optical thickness and variable associated optical phase angle and amplitude attenuation for transmission of the X-rays. A second embodiment uses off-axis holography. The wafer receives the holographic image by grazing incidence reflection from a hologram printed on a flat metal or other highly reflecting surface or substrate. In this second embodiment, an X-ray beam with a high degree of monochromaticity and spatial coherence is required. 15 figs.
Howells, M.S.; Jacobsen, C.
Oscillations During Thermonuclear X-ray Bursts
High amplitude, nearly coherent X-ray brightness oscillations during thermonuclear X-ray bursts were discovered with the Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer (RXTE) in early 1996. Spectral and timing evidence strongly supports the conclusion that these oscillations are caused by rotational modulation of the burst emission and that they reveal the spin frequency of neutron stars in low mass X-ray binaries, a long sought goal of X-ray astronomy. Studies carried out over the past year have led to the discovery of burst oscillations in four new sources, bringing to ten the number with confirmed burst oscillations. I review the status of our knowledge of these oscillations and indicate how they can be used to probe the physics of neutron stars. For a few burst oscillation sources it has been proposed that the strongest and most ubiquitous frequency is actually the first overtone of the spin frequency and hence that two nearly antipodal hot spots are present on the neutron star. This inference has important implications for both the physics of thermonuclear burning as well as the mass - radius relation for neutron stars, so its confirmation is crucial. I discuss recent attempts to confirm this hypothesis for 4U 1636-53, the source for which a signal at the putative fundamental (290 Hz) has been claimed.
Tod E. Strohmayer
Methods for forming X-ray images having 0.25 .mu.m minimum line widths on X-ray sensitive material are presented. A holgraphic image of a desired circuit pattern is projected onto a wafer or other image-receiving substrate to allow recording of the desired image in photoresist material. In one embodiment, the method uses on-axis transmission and provides a high flux X-ray source having modest monochromaticity and coherence requirements. A layer of light-sensitive photoresist material on a wafer with a selected surface is provided to receive the image(s). The hologram has variable optical thickness and variable associated optical phase angle and amplitude attenuation for transmission of the X-rays. A second embodiment uses off-axis holography. The wafer receives the holographic image by grazing incidence reflection from a hologram printed on a flat metal or other highly reflecting surface or substrate. In this second embodiment, an X-ray beam with a high degree of monochromaticity and spatial coherence is required.
Howells, Malcolm S. (Berkeley, CA); Jacobsen, Chris (Sound Beach, NY)
Cosmic rays and tests of fundamental principles
It is now widely acknowledged that cosmic rays experiments can test possible new physics directly generated at the Planck scale or at some other fundamental scale. By studying particle properties at energies far beyond the reach of any man-made accelerator, they can yield unique checks of basic principles. A well-known example is provided by possible tests of special relativity at the highest cosmic-ray energies. But other essential ingredients of standard theories can in principle be tested: quantum mechanics, uncertainty principle, energy and momentum conservation, effective space-time dimensions, hamiltonian and lagrangian formalisms, postulates of cosmology, vacuum dynamics and particle propagation, quark and gluon confinement, elementariness of particles... Standard particle physics or string-like patterns may have a composite origin able to manifest itself through specific cosmic-ray signatures. Ultra-high energy cosmic rays, but also cosmic rays at lower energies, are probes of both "conventional" and new Physics. Status, prospects, new ideas, and open questions in the field are discussed. The Post Scriptum shows that several basic features of modern cosmology naturally appear in a SU(2) spinorial description of space-time without any need for matter, relativity or standard gravitation. New possible effects related to the spinorial space-time structure can also be foreseen. Similarly, the existence of spin-1/2 particles can be naturally related to physics beyond Planck scale and to a possible pre-Big Bang era.
Luis Gonzalez-Mestres
X-ray imaging crystal spectrometer for extended X-ray sources
Spherically or toroidally curved, double focusing crystals are used in a spectrometer for X-ray diagnostics of an extended X-ray source such as a hot plasma produced in a tokomak fusion experiment to provide spatially and temporally resolved data on plasma parameters using the imaging properties for Bragg angles near 45. For a Bragg angle of 45.degree., the spherical crystal focuses a bundle of near parallel X-rays (the cross section of which is determined by the cross section of the crystal) from the plasma to a point on a detector, with parallel rays inclined to the main plain of diffraction focused to different points on the detector. Thus, it is possible to radially image the plasma X-ray emission in different wavelengths simultaneously with a single crystal.
Bitter, Manfred L. (Princeton, NJ); Fraenkel, Ben (Jerusalem, IL); Gorman, James L. (Bordentown, NJ); Hill, Kenneth W. (Lawrenceville, NJ); Roquemore, A. Lane (Cranbury, NJ); Stodiek, Wolfgang (Princeton, NJ); von Goeler, Schweickhard E. (Princeton, NJ)
GreenRay Inc | Open Energy Information
GreenRay Inc GreenRay Inc Jump to: navigation, search Name GreenRay Inc Place Westford, Massachusetts Zip 1886 Product US-based manufacturer of residential AC PV module system that integrates an inverter; still in development stage. Coordinates 44.614908°, -73.015053° Loading map... {"minzoom":false,"mappingservice":"googlemaps3","type":"ROADMAP","zoom":14,"types":["ROADMAP","SATELLITE","HYBRID","TERRAIN"],"geoservice":"google","maxzoom":false,"width":"600px","height":"350px","centre":false,"title":"","label":"","icon":"","visitedicon":"","lines":[],"polygons":[],"circles":[],"rectangles":[],"copycoords":false,"static":false,"wmsoverlay":"","layers":[],"controls":["pan","zoom","type","scale","streetview"],"zoomstyle":"DEFAULT","typestyle":"DEFAULT","autoinfowindows":false,"kml":[],"gkml":[],"fusiontables":[],"resizable":false,"tilt":0,"kmlrezoom":false,"poi":true,"imageoverlays":[],"markercluster":false,"searchmarkers":"","locations":[{"text":"","title":"","link":null,"lat":44.614908,"lon":-73.015053,"alt":0,"address":"","icon":"","group":"","inlineLabel":"","visitedicon":""}]}
RayTracker Inc | Open Energy Information
RayTracker Inc RayTracker Inc Jump to: navigation, search Name RayTracker Inc. Place Pasadena, California Zip 91103 Sector Solar Product California-based maker of single-axis solar tracker systems. Coordinates 29.690847°, -95.196308° Loading map... {"minzoom":false,"mappingservice":"googlemaps3","type":"ROADMAP","zoom":14,"types":["ROADMAP","SATELLITE","HYBRID","TERRAIN"],"geoservice":"google","maxzoom":false,"width":"600px","height":"350px","centre":false,"title":"","label":"","icon":"","visitedicon":"","lines":[],"polygons":[],"circles":[],"rectangles":[],"copycoords":false,"static":false,"wmsoverlay":"","layers":[],"controls":["pan","zoom","type","scale","streetview"],"zoomstyle":"DEFAULT","typestyle":"DEFAULT","autoinfowindows":false,"kml":[],"gkml":[],"fusiontables":[],"resizable":false,"tilt":0,"kmlrezoom":false,"poi":true,"imageoverlays":[],"markercluster":false,"searchmarkers":"","locations":[{"text":"","title":"","link":null,"lat":29.690847,"lon":-95.196308,"alt":0,"address":"","icon":"","group":"","inlineLabel":"","visitedicon":""}]}
SuperAGILE and Gamma Ray Bursts
The solid-state hard X-ray imager of AGILE gamma-ray mission -- SuperAGILE -- has a six arcmin on-axis angular resolution in the 15-45 keV range, a field of view in excess of 1 steradian. The instrument is very light: 5 kg only. It is equipped with an on-board self triggering logic, image deconvolution, and it is able to transmit the coordinates of a GRB to the ground in real-time through the ORBCOMM constellation of satellites. Photon by photon Scientific Data are sent to the Malindi ground station at every contact. In this paper we review the performance of the SuperAGILE experiment (scheduled for a launch in the middle of 2006), after its first onground calibrations, and show the perspectives for Gamma Ray Bursts.
Pacciani, Luigi; Costa, Enrico; Del Monte, Ettore; Donnarumma, Immacolata; Evangelista, Yuri; Feroci, Marco; Frutti, Massimo; Lazzarotto, Francesco; Lapshov, Igor; Rubini, Alda; Soffitta, Paolo; Tavani, Marco [IASF-INAF Rome (Italy); Barbiellini, Guido [INFN Trieste (Italy); Mastropietro, Marcello [CNR Montelibretti (Italy); Morelli, Ennio [IASF-INAF-Bologna (Italy); Rapisarda, Massimo [ENEA Frascati (Italy)
The maximum cosmic-ray energy achievable by acceleration by a relativistic blast wave is derived. It is shown that forward shocks from long gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) in the interstellar medium accelerate protons to large enough energies, and have a sufficient energy budget, to produce the Galactic cosmic-ray component just below the ankle at 4 x 10{sup 18} eV, as per an earlier suggestion. It is further argued that, were extragalactic long GRBs responsible for the component above the ankle as well, the occasional Galactic GRB within the solar circle would contribute more than the observational limits on the outward flux from the solar circle, unless an avoidance scenario, such as intermittency and/or beaming, allows the present-day local flux to be less than 10{sup -3} of the average. Difficulties with these avoidance scenarios are noted.
Eichler, David [Physics Department, Ben-Gurion University, Be'er-Sheva 84105 (Israel); Pohl, Martin [Institut fuer Physik und Astronomie, Universitaet Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam-Golm (Germany)
Fermi Observations of Gamma-ray Bursts
The gamma-ray emission mechanism of Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are still unknown. Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope successfully detected high-energy (> 100 MeV) emission from 17 GRBs since its launch. Fermi revealed the distinct temporal behaviors and extra spectral component from high-energy emission. These new observational results are driving many theoretical implications, such as leptonic, hadronic and afterglow origin. The highest energy photon detected by Fermi gives a constraint on the bulk Lorentz factor of the ultra-relativistic jets of GRBs. The impact of the Fermi GRB observations extends not only to the GRB-related issues but also to the outside GRB physics, such as quantum gravity and model of the extra galactic background light.
Ohno, Masanori [Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, JAXA, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5210 (Japan)
Can Ultrahigh-energy Cosmic Rays Come from Gamma-Ray Bursts? Cosmic Rays Below the Ankle and Galactic Gamma-Ray Bursts
The maximum cosmic-ray energy achievable by acceleration by a relativistic blast wave is derived. It is shown that forward shocks from long gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) in the interstellar medium accelerate protons to large enough energies, and have a sufficient energy budget, to produce the Galactic cosmic-ray component just below the ankle at 4 ? 1018 eV, as per an earlier suggestion. It is further argued that, were extragalactic long GRBs responsible for the component above the ankle as well, the occasional Galactic GRB within the solar circle would contribute more than the observational limits on the outward flux from the solar circle, unless an avoidance scenario, such as intermittency and/or beaming, allows the present-day local flux to be less than 10�3 of the average. Difficulties with these avoidance scenarios are noted.
David Eichler; Martin Pohl
X-ray variability in M87
We present the evidence for X-ray variability from the core and from knot A in the M87 jet based on data from two observations with the Einstein Observatory High Resolution Imager (HRI) and three observations with the ROSAT HRI. The core intensity showed a 16% increase in 17 months ('79-'80); a 12% increase in the 3 years '92 to '95; and a 17% drop in the last half of 1995. The intensity of knot A appears to have decreased by 16% between 92Jun and 95Dec. Although the core variability is consistent with general expectations for AGN nuclei, the changes in knot A provide constraints on the x-ray emission process and geometry. Thus we predict that the x-ray morphology of knot A will differ significantly from the radio and optical structure.
D. E. Harris; J. A. Biretta; W. Junor
Anomalous isotopic composition of cosmic rays
Recent measurements of nonsolar isotopic patterns for the elements neon and (perhaps) magnesium in cosmic rays are interpreted within current models of stellar nucleosynthesis. One possible explanation is that the stars currently responsible for cosmic-ray synthesis in the Galaxy are typically super-metal-rich by a factor of two to three. Other possibilities include the selective acceleration of certain zones or masses of supernovas or the enhancement of /sup 22/Ne in the interstellar medium by mass loss from red giant stars and planetary nebulas. Measurements of critical isotopic ratios are suggested to aid in distinguishing among the various possibilities. Some of these explanations place significant constraints on the fraction of cosmic ray nuclei that must be fresh supernova debris and the masses of the supernovas involved. 1 figure, 3 tables.
Woosley, S.E.; Weaver, T.A.
Displaced Vertices from X-ray Lines
We present a simple model of weak-scale thermal dark matter that gives rise to X-ray lines. Dark matter consists of two nearly degenerate states near the weak scale, which are populated thermally in the early universe via co-annihilation with slightly heavier states that are charged under the Standard Model. The X-ray line arises from the decay of the heavier dark matter component into the lighter one via a radiative dipole transition, at a rate that is slow compared to the age of the universe. The model predicts observable signatures at the LHC in the form of exotic events with missing energy and displaced leptons and jets. As an application, we show how this model can explain the recently observed 3.55 keV X-ray line.
Adam Falkowski; Yonit Hochberg; Joshua T. Ruderman
We analyze the Swift/BAT sample of short gamma-ray bursts, using an objective Bayesian Block procedure to extract temporal descriptors of the bursts' initial pulse complexes (IPCs). The sample is comprised of 12 and 41 bursts with and without extended emission (EE) components, respectively. IPCs of non-EE bursts are dominated by single pulse structures, while EE bursts tend to have two or more pulse structures. The medians of characteristic timescales-durations, pulse structure widths, and peak intervals-for EE bursts are factors of {approx}2-3 longer than for non-EE bursts. A trend previously reported by Hakkila and colleagues unifying long and short bursts-the anti-correlation of pulse intensity and width-continues in the two short burst groups, with non-EE bursts extending to more intense, narrower pulses. In addition, we find that preceding and succeeding pulse intensities are anti-correlated with pulse interval. We also examine the short burst X-ray afterglows as observed by the Swift/X-Ray Telescope (XRT). The median flux of the initial XRT detections for EE bursts ({approx}6x10{sup -10} erg cm{sup -2} s{sup -1}) is {approx}>20x brighter than for non-EE bursts, and the median X-ray afterglow duration for EE bursts ({approx}60,000 s) is {approx}30x longer than for non-EE bursts. The tendency for EE bursts toward longer prompt-emission timescales and higher initial X-ray afterglow fluxes implies larger energy injections powering the afterglows. The longer-lasting X-ray afterglows of EE bursts may suggest that a significant fraction explode into denser environments than non-EE bursts, or that the sometimes-dominant EE component efficiently powers the afterglow. Combined, these results favor different progenitors for EE and non-EE short bursts.
Norris, Jay P. [Physics and Astronomy Department, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80208 (United States); Gehrels, Neil [Astroparticle Physics Laboratory, NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771 (United States); Scargle, Jeffrey D. [Space Science and Astrobiology Division, NASA/Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000 (United States)
X-ray Science Division: Groups
Division: Groups Division: Groups Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics (AMO) Primary Contact: Stephen Southworth Work focuses on understanding how strong optical and x-ray fields interact with matter, with an emphasis on photonic control of electronic, atomic and molecular motion. Chemical and Materials Science (CMS) Primary Contact: Randy Winans Research Disciplines: Chemistry, Materials Science Detectors (DET) Primary Contact: Antonino Miceli GMCA Structural Biology Facility (MX) Primary Contact: Robert Fischetti Research Disciplines: Biology, Life Sciences Imaging (IMG) Primary Contact: Francesco DeCarlo Research Disciplines: Materials Science, Biology, Physics, Life Sciences Inelastic X-ray & Nuclear Resonant Scattering (IXN) Primary Contact: Thomas Gog Research Disciplines: Condensed Matter Physics, Geophysics, Materials
Cosmology with X-ray Cluster Baryons
X-ray cluster measurements interpreted with a universal baryon/gas mass fraction can theoretically serve as a cosmological distance probe. We examine issues of cosmological sensitivity for current (e.g., Chandra X-ray Observatory, XMM-Newton) and next generation (e.g., Con-X, XEUS) observations, along with systematic uncertainties and biases. To give competitive next generation constraints on dark energy, we find that systematics will need to be controlled to better than 1percent and any evolution in f_gas (and other cluster gas properties) must be calibrated so the residual uncertainty is weaker than (1+z)0.03.
Linder, Eric V.
A supersymmetric model of gamma ray bursts
We propose a model for gamma ray bursts in which a star subject to a high level of fermion degeneracy undergoes a phase transition to a supersymmetric state. The burst is initiated by the transition of fermion pairs to sfermion pairs which, uninhibited by the Pauli exclusion principle, can drop to the ground state of minimum momentum through photon emission. The jet structure is attributed to the Bose statistics of sfermions whereby subsequent sfermion pairs are preferentially emitted into the same state (sfermion amplification by stimulated emission). Bremsstrahlung gamma rays tend to preserve the directional information of the sfermion momenta and are themselves enhanced by stimulated emission.
L. Clavelli; G. Karatheodoris
Redshift indicators for gamma-ray bursts
The measure of the distances and luminosities of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) led to the discovery that many GRB properties are strongly correlated with their intrinsic luminosity, leading to the construction of reliable luminosity indicators. These GRB luminosity indicators have quickly found applications, like the construction of 'pseudo-redshifts', or the measure of luminosity distances, which can be computed independently of the measure of the redshift. In this contribution I discuss various issues connected with the construction of luminosity-redshift indicators for gamma-ray bursts.
J-L. Atteia
Phase recovery for x-ray crystallography
For many years people have believed that in conventional x-ray crystallography one can only record the diffraction intensities but not the phases. In order to obtain the atomic arrangements, one usually has to guess a structure and then fit the intensity data by refining its parameters. Here, we show that the phases are in fact hidden in the intensity data, and can be directly recovered from the peak profiles. This method is demonstrated by the normal two-beam x-ray diffraction of a noncentrosymmetric crystal, and nontrivial phases are recovered from the intensity data alone.
G. Xu, G. E. Zhou, and X. Y. Zhang
Time-resolved x-ray diagnostics
Techniques for time-resolved x-ray diagnostics will be reviewed with emphasis on systems utilizing x-ray diodes or scintillators. System design concerns for high-bandwidth (> 1 GHz) diagnostics will be emphasized. The limitations of a coaxial cable system and a technique for equalizing to improve bandwidth of such a system will be reviewed. Characteristics of new multi-GHz amplifiers will be presented. An example of a complete operational system on the Los Alamos Helios laser will be presented which has a bandwidth near 3 GHz over 38 m of coax. The system includes the cable, an amplifier, an oscilloscope, and a digital camera readout.
Lyons, P.B.
Ultra-high energy cosmic rays, cascade gamma-rays, and high-energy neutrinos from gamma-ray bursts
Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are sources of energetic, highly variable fluxes of gamma rays, which demonstrates that they are powerful particle accelerators. Besides relativistic electrons, GRBs should also accelerate high-energy hadrons, some of which could escape cooling to produce ultra-high energy cosmic rays (UHECRs). Acceleration of high-energy hadrons in GRB blast waves will be established if high-energy neutrinos produced through photopion interactions in the blast wave are detected from GRBs. Limitations on the energy in nonthermal hadrons and the number of expected neutrinos are imposed by the fluxes from pair-photon cascades initiated in the same processes that produce neutrinos. Only the most powerful bursts at fluence levels >~ 3e-4 erg/cm^2 offer a realistic prospect for detection of >> TeV neutrinos. Detection of high-energy neutrinos is likely if GRB blast waves have large baryon loads and Doppler factors <~ 200. Cascade gamma rays will accompany neutrino production and might already have been detected as anomalous emission components in the spectra of some GRBs. Prospects for detection of GRBs in the Milky Way are also considered.
Charles D. Dermer; Armen Atoyan
Ray-Strips: A Compact Mesh Representation for Interactive Ray Tracing Christian Lauterbach1 Sung-Eui Yoon2 Dinesh Manocha1
Ray-Strips: A Compact Mesh Representation for Interactive Ray Tracing Christian Lauterbach1 Sung-Eui
North Carolina at Chapel Hill, University of
Cosmological Gamma-Ray Bursts and the Highest Energy Cosmic Rays
We discuss a scenario in which the highest energy cosmic rays (CR's) and cosmological ?-ray bursts (GRB's) have a common origin. This scenario is consistent with the observed CR flux above 1020 eV, provided that each burst produces similar energies in ? rays and in CR's above 1020 eV. Protons may be accelerated by Fermi's mechanism to energies ?1020 eV in a dissipative, ultrarelativistic wind, with luminosity and Lorentz factor high enough to produce a GRB. For a homogeneous GRB distribution, this scenario predicts an isotropic, time-independent CR flux.
Eli Waxman
Hard x-ray or gamma ray laser by a dense electron beam
A coherent x-ray or gamma ray can be created from a dense electron beam propagating through an intense laser undulator. It is analyzed by using the Landau damping theory which suits better than the conventional linear analysis for the free electron laser, as the electron beam energy spread is high. The analysis suggests that the currently available physical parameters would enable the generation of the coherent gamma ray of up to 100 keV. The electron quantum diffraction suppresses the FEL action, by which the maximum radiation energy to be generated is limited.
S. Son; S. J. Moon
Rise Time Measurement for Ultrafast X-Ray Pulses
A pump-probe scheme measures the rise time of ultrafast x-ray pulses. Conventional high speed x-ray diagnostics (x-ray streak cameras, PIN diodes, diamond PCD devices) do not provide sufficient time resolution to resolve rise times of x-ray pulses on the order of 50 fs or less as they are being produced by modern fast x-ray sources. Here, we are describing a pump-probe technique that can be employed to measure events where detector resolution is insufficient to resolve the event. The scheme utilizes a diamond plate as an x-ray transducer and a p-polarized probe beam.
Celliers, Peter M.; Weber, Franz A.; Moon, Stephen J.
X-ray microscopy using grazing-incidence reflection optics
The Kirkpatrick-Baez microscopes are described along with their role as the workhorse of the x-ray imaging devices. This role is being extended with the development of a 22X magnification Kirkpatrick-Baez x-ray microscope with multilayer x-ray mirrors. These mirrors can operate at large angles, high x-ray energies, and have a narrow, well defined x-ray energy bandpass. This will make them useful for numerous experiments. However, where a large solid angle is needed, the Woelter microscope will still be necessary and the technology needed to build them will be useful for many other types of x-ray optics.
Price, R.H.
Sharper Focusing of Hard X-rays
Sharper Focusing of Hard X-rays FROM: Physics News Update Number 773 #1, April 12, 2006, by Phil Schewe and Ben Stein Note: This text has been slightly modified from the original. Sharper focusing of hard x-rays has been achieved with a device developed at Argonne National Lab. Because of their high energy, x-rays are hard to focus: they can be reflected from a surface but only at a glancing angle (less than a tenth of a degree); they can be refracted but the index of refraction is very close to 1, so that making efficient lenses becomes a problem; and they can be diffracted, but the relatively thick, variable pitch grating required for focusing is tricky to achieve. The Argonne device is of the diffraction type, and it consists of a stack of alternating layers of metal and silicon, made by depositing progressively thicker layers. When the x-rays fall on such a structure, nearly edge-on, what they see is a grating (called a linear zone plate) consisting of a sort of bar-code pattern.
Energy spectrum of cosmic-ray muons
The energy spectrum of cosmic-ray muons at sea-level is calculated by the ... in good agreement with the observed data of muons with the zenith angles of 0� and ... the scaling model is valid up to the muon energy
H. Komori; K. Mitsui
Radioactive Thulium for X-Rays
Radioactive power from thulium makes Argonne x-ray unit a potential for medical and industrial use ... Active component of the instrument is a tiny particle (one-fifth gram) of thulium-170 which has been made radioactive in a heavy water nuclear reactor at Arco, Idaho. ...
The energies of p-shell hypernuclear {gamma} rays obtained from recent experiments using the Hyperball at BNL and KEK are used to constrain the YN interaction which enters into shell-model calculations which include both {Lambda} and {Sigma} configurations.
X-ray spectroscopy of manganese clusters
Much of this thesis represents the groundwork necessary in order to probe Mn clusters more productively than with conventional Mn K-edge XAS and is presented in Part 1. Part 2 contains the application of x-ray techniques to Mn metalloproteins and includes a prognosis at the end of each chapter. Individual Mn oxidation states are more readily distinguishable in Mn L-edge spectra. An empirical mixed valence simulation routine for determining the average Mn oxidation state has been developed. The first Mn L-edge spectra of a metalloprotein were measured and interpreted. The energy of Mn K{beta} emission is strongly correlated with average Mn oxidation state. K{beta} results support oxidation states of Mn(III){sub 2}(IV){sub 2} for the S{sub 1} state of Photosystem II chemical chemically reduced preparations contain predominantly Mn(II). A strength and limitation of XAS is that it probes all of the species of a particular element in a sample. It would often be advantageous to selectively probe different forms of the same element. The first demonstration that chemical shifts in x-ray fluorescence energies can be used to obtain oxidation state-selective x-ray absorption spectra is presented. Spin-dependent spectra can also be used to obtain a more simplified picture of local structure. The first spin-polarized extended x-ray absorption fine structure using Mn K{beta} fluorescence detection is shown.
Grush, M.M. [Univ. of California, Davis, CA (United States). Dept. of Applied Science; [Lawrence Berkeley National Lab., CA (United States). Energy and Environment Div.
Accelerator Data for Cosmic Ray Physics
I present selected examples of accelerator data, mainly from hadron colliders, that are relevant for understanding cosmic ray showers. I focus on the forward region, $x_{Feynman} > 0.05$, where high energy data are scarce, since the emphasis in collider physics became high-$p_T$ phenomena.
M. G. Albrow
Multiple wavelength X-ray monochromators
An improved apparatus and method is provided for separating input x-ray radiation containing first and second x-ray wavelengths into spatially separate first and second output radiation which contain the first and second x-ray wavelengths, respectively. The apparatus includes a crystalline diffractor which includes a first set of parallel crystal planes, where each of the planes is spaced a predetermined first distance from one another. The crystalline diffractor also includes a second set of parallel crystal planes inclined at an angle with respect to the first set of crystal planes where each of the planes of the second set of parallel crystal planes is spaced a predetermined second distance from one another. In one embodiment, the crystalline diffractor is comprised of a single crystal. In a second embodiment, the crystalline diffractor is comprised of a stack of two crystals. In a third embodiment, the crystalline diffractor includes a single crystal that is bent for focusing the separate first and second output x-ray radiation wavelengths into separate focal points. 3 figs.
Steinmeyer, P.A.
Catching the highest energy cosmic rays
......interest in very-high-energy cosmic rays, which I define arbitrarily as those of energies above 3 1018 eV, the devices...Pierre Auger Observatory in Argentina - and what has been deduced...the measurements of the energy spectrum and arrival directions......
Alan A Watson
Soft x-ray laser microscope
The program consisted of two phases (Phase I and Phase II). The goal of the Phase I (first year program) was to design and construct the Soft X-ray Laser Contact Microscope. Such microscope was constructed and adapted to PPL's 18.2nm soft X-ray Laser (SXL), which in turn was modified and prepared for microscopy experiments. Investigation of the photoresist response to 18.2nm laser radiation and transmissivity of 0.1m thick silicion-nitride (Si[sub 3]N[sub 4]) windows were important initial works. The goal of the first year of Phase II was to construct X-ray contact microscope in combination with existing optical phase microscope, already used by biologists. In the second year of Phase II study of dehydrated Horeseshoe Crab and Hela cancer cells were performed with COXRALM. Also during Phase II, the Imaging X-Ray Laser Microscope (IXRALM) was designed and constructed. This paper describes the development of each of the microscopes and their application for research.
Suckewer, P.I.
A detector for time-resolved small-angle x-ray scattering includes a nearly constant diameter, evacuated linear tube having an end plate detector with a first fluorescent screen and concentric rings of first fiber optic bundles for low angle scattering detection and an annular detector having a second fluorescent screen and second fiber optic bundles concentrically disposed about the tube for higher angle scattering detection. With the scattering source, i.e., the specimen under investigation, located outside of the evacuated tube on the tube's longitudinal axis, scattered x-rays are detected by the fiber optic bundles, to each of which is coupled a respective photodetector, to provide a measurement resolution, i.e., dq/q, where q is the momentum transferred from an incident x-ray to an x-ray scattering specimen, of 2% over two (2) orders of magnitude in reciprocal space, i.e., q.sub.max /q.sub.min.congruent.100.
Hessler, Jan P. (Downers Grove, IL)
Gamma-Ray Bursts: Restarting the Engine
Recent gamma-ray burst observations have revealed late-time, highly energetic events that deviate from the simplest expectations of the standard fireball picture. Instead, they may indicate that the central engine is active or restarted at late times. We suggest that fragmentation and subsequent accretion during the collapse of a rapidly rotating stellar core offers a natural mechanism for this.
Andrew King; Paul T. O'Brien; Michael R. Goad; Julian Osborne; Emma Olsson; Kim Page
Political Science Ray V. Christensen, Chair
Political Science Ray V. Christensen, Chair 745 SWKT, (801) 422-5133 College of Family, Home programs in the Department of Political Science are open enrollment. The Discipline The political science in all things." Politics extends far beyond the immediate concerns of politicians or pollsters
Hart, Gus
SLAC All Access: X-ray Microscope
SLAC physicists Johanna Nelson and Yijin Liu give a brief overview of the X-ray microscope at the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource (SSRL) that is helping improve rechargeable-battery technology by letting researchers peek into the inner workings of batteries as they operate.
Nelson, Johanna; Liu, Yijin
John Ray in Italy: lost manuscripts rediscovered
...discovered manuscripts but also throw light on the way in which Ray's...other edibles. /p. 25/ About Christmas time it is the fashion all over...all the feathers are of a light crimson very pleasant colour...the two men or it may throw light on the nature of the tours that...
Student Projects in Cosmic Ray Detection
The Alberta Large?area Time?coincidence Array (ALTA) study has been in existence for about 10 years under the direction of Jim Pinfold of the Centre for Particle Physics at the University of Alberta.1 The purpose of the ALTA project is to involve Alberta high schools and primarily their physics classes to assist in the detection of the presence of cosmic ray bursts in different Alberta locations. These cosmic rays involve highspeed elementary particles many from far outside our solar system and even from outside our galaxy. These particles collide with the particles in our atmosphere break up these molecules into rather exotic elementary particles which often reach the surface of the Earth and can be detected by fairly simple equipment. One of the objectives of ALTA is to determine the nature of some of the most energetic cosmic ray particles whose origin is still not known. Recently 2the Pierre Auger Collaboration has confirmed that the highest energy cosmic rays appear to be coming from nearby galaxies. The mechanism for their production is still not well understood.
W. Brouwer; J. Pinfold; R. Soluk; B. McDonough; V. Pasek; Zheng Bao?shan
Neutrino Balls and Gamma-Ray Bursts
We propose a mechanism by which the neutrino emission from a supernova-type explosion can be converted into a gamma-ray burst of total energy $\\sim 10^{50}$ ergs. This occurs naturally if the explosion is situated inside a ball of trapped neutrinos, which in turn may lie at a galactic core. There are possible unique signatures of this scenario.
B. Holdom; R. A. Malaney
Doppler Effect in Positive Rays of Hydrogen
... THE Balmer lines in the spectra of the positive rays of hydrogen show Doppler displacement d? given by the relation where ? is the wave-length of the light ... of light. J. Stark1, and J. Stark and Steubing2 showed that whereas the Doppler displacement is not a line but a strip of finite width, the maximum displacement ...
Ray tracing in anisotropic media with singularities
......the slowness vector with the spherical angles 45 and theta54.74...singularity, the ray can be bent significantly even if the velocity...Elastic waves in triclinic crystals. Topology of polarization...stability in elastic wave theory in crystals, J. Exper. Theor. Phys......
V�clav Vavry?uk
X-ray imaging, spacecraft nuclear fission and cosmic ray contraband
R&D 100 Awards winners R&D 100 Awards winners X-ray imaging, spacecraft nuclear fission and cosmic ray contraband detection score R&D 100 awards R&D Magazine announced the winners and three technologies from Los Alamos National Laboratory and its partners are among the honorees. July 8, 2013 MiniMAX is a battery powered, digital x-ray imaging system that is completely self-contained, lightweight, compact and portable. MiniMAX is a battery powered, digital x-ray imaging system that is completely self-contained, lightweight, compact and portable. Contact Nancy Ambrosiano Communications Office (505) 667-0471 Email "The innovation and creativity shown in this year's awards is truly inspiring. It gives me great confidence in the Laboratory's intellectual vitality and ongoing role in national security science. Congratulations to
Observations of cosmic gamma ray sources and their contribution to the diffuse gamma ray background
The objective is to study soft gamma ray emission in the 0.1 to 10 MeV energy band for selected active galactic nuclei and explore how much they contribute to the total diffuse gamma ray background. A series of imaging observations of extragalactic objects in the low energy gamma-ray region were carried out by the Coded Aperture Directional Gamma-ray Telescope (DGT). The DGT was successfully flown at stratospheric balloon altitudes, and observations were made of the Crab, NGC 1275, MKN 421, and NGC 4151. The measured Crab spectrum is consistent with a featureless power-law of the form. Significant emission was detected up to 500 keV from the Seyfert galaxy, NGC 4151. To increase the total sky exposure the extragalactic field images were analyzed, including the 3C 273 region, obtained by the DGT.
Bhattacharya, D.
On the spectrum of Ultrahigh Energy Cosmic Rays and the Gamma Ray Burst Origin Hypothesis
It has been suggested that cosmological gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) can produce the observed flux of cosmic rays at the highest energies. However, recent studies of GRBs indicate that their redshift distribution likely follows that of the average star formation rate and that GRBs were more numerous at high redshifts. As a consequence, we show that photomeson production energy losses suffered by ultrahigh energy cosmic rays coming from GRBs would produce too sharp a spectral high energy cutoff to be consistent with the air shower data. Furthermore, we show that cosmological GRBs fail to supply the energy input required to account for the cosmic ray flux above 10 EeV by a factor of 100-1000.
S. T. Scully; F. W. Stecker
Synchrotron x-ray fluorescence and extended x-ray absorption fine structure analysis
The advent of dedicated synchrotron radiation sources has led to a significant increase in activity in many areas of science dealing with the interaction of x-rays with matter. Synchrotron radiation provides intense, linearly polarized, naturally collimated, continuously tunable photon beams, which are used to determine not only the elemental composition of a complex, polyatomic, dilute material but also the chemical form of the elements with improved accuracy. Examples of the application of synchrotron radiation include experiments in synchrotron x-ray fluorescence (SXRF) analysis and extended x-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) analysis. New synchrotron radiation x-ray microprobes for elemental analysis in the parts per billion range are under construction at several laboratories. 76 references, 24 figures.
Chen, J.R.; Gordon, B.M.; Hanson, A.L.; Jones, K.W.; Kraner, H.W.; Chao, E.C.T.; Minkin, J.A.
Apparently diffuse X-ray emission has been known to exist along the central quarter of the Galactic Plane since the beginning of X-ray astronomy; this is referred to as the Galactic Ridge X-ray emission (GRXE). Recent deep X-ray observations have shown that numerous X-ray point sources account for a large fraction of the GRXE in the hard band (2-8 keV). However, the nature of these sources is poorly understood. Using the deepest X-ray observations made in the Chandra bulge field, we present the result of a coherent photometric and spectroscopic analysis of individual X-ray point sources for the purpose of constraining their nature and deriving their fractional contributions to the hard-band continuum and Fe K line emission of the GRXE. Based on the X-ray color-color diagram, we divided the point sources into three groups: A (hard), B (soft and broad spectrum), and C (soft and peaked spectrum). The group A sources are further decomposed spectrally into thermal and non-thermal sources with different fractions in different flux ranges. From their X-ray properties, we speculate that the group A non-thermal sources are mostly active galactic nuclei and the thermal sources are mostly white dwarf (WD) binaries such as magnetic and non-magnetic cataclysmic variables (CVs), pre-CVs, and symbiotic stars, whereas the group B and C sources are X-ray active stars in flares and quiescence, respectively. In the log N-log S curve of the 2-8 keV band, the group A non-thermal sources are dominant above Almost-Equal-To 10{sup -14} erg cm{sup -2} s{sup -1}, which is gradually taken over by Galactic sources in the fainter flux ranges. The Fe K{alpha} emission is mostly from the group A thermal (WD binaries) and the group B (X-ray active stars) sources.
Morihana, Kumiko [Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN), 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198 (Japan)] [Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN), 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198 (Japan); Tsujimoto, Masahiro; Ebisawa, Ken [Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, 3-1-1 Yoshino-dai, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5210 (Japan)] [Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, 3-1-1 Yoshino-dai, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5210 (Japan); Yoshida, Tessei, E-mail: email@example.com [National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, 2-21-1, Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588 (Japan)] [National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, 2-21-1, Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588 (Japan)
Beyond hard x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy: Simultaneous combination with x-ray diffraction
Hard x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (HAXPES) is a powerful and novel emerging technique for the nondestructive determination of electronic properties and chemical composition of bulk, buried interfaces and surfaces. It benefits from the exceptionally large escape depth of high kinetic energy photoelectrons, increasing the information depth up to several tens of nanometers. Complementing HAXPES with an atomic structure sensitive technique (such as x-ray diffraction) opens a new research field with major applications for materials science. At SpLine, the Spanish CRG beamline at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, we have developed a novel experimental set-up that combines HAXPES and x-ray diffraction (x-ray reflectivity, surface x-ray diffraction, grazing incidence x-ray diffraction, and reciprocal space maps). Both techniques can be operated simultaneously on the same sample and using the same excitation source. The set-up includes a robust 2S + 3D diffractometer hosting a ultrahigh vacuum chamber equipped with a unique photoelectron spectrometer (few eV < electron kinetic energy < 15 keV), x-ray tube (Mg/Ti), 15 keV electron gun, and auxiliary standard surface facilities (molecular beam epitaxy evaporator, ion gun, low energy electron diffraction, sample heating/cooling system, leak valves, load-lock sample transfer, etc.). This end-station offers the unique possibility of performing simultaneous HAXPES + x-ray diffraction studies. In the present work, we describe the experimental set-up together with two experimental examples that emphasize its outstanding capabilities: (i) nondestructive characterization of the Si/Ge and HfO{sub 2}/SiO{sub 2} interfaces on Ge-based CMOS devices, and (ii) strain study on La{sub 0.7}Ca{sub 0.3}MnO{sub 3} ultrathin films grown on SrTiO{sub 3}(001) substrate.
Rubio-Zuazo, Juan; Castro, German R. [SpLine, Spanish CRG beamline at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, B.P. 220, F-38043 Grenoble (France) and ICMM-CSIC Cantoblanco, E-28049 Madrid (Spain)
A simple technique for gamma ray and cosmic ray spectroscopy using plastic scintillator
A new and simple technique has been developed using plastic scintillator detectors for gamma ray and cosmic ray spectroscopy without single channel analyzer (SCA) or multichannel analyzer (MCA). In these experiments only a leading edge discriminator (LED) and NIM scalers have been used. Energy calibration of gamma spectra in plastic scintillators has been done using Co$^{60}$ and Cs$^{137}$ sources. The details experimental technique, analysis procedure and experimental results has been presented in this article.
Akhilesh P. Nandan; Sharmili Rudra; Himangshu Neog; S. Biswas; S. Mahapatra; B. Mohanty; P. K. Samal
Observation of the Crab Nebula in Soft Gamma Rays with the Nuclear Compton Telescope
Gamma-ray bursts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.268] G. J. Fishman. The gamma-ray burst capabilities of BATSEOlson. Observations of Gamma- Ray Bursts of Cosmic Origin.
Bandstra, Mark ShenYu
E-Print Network 3.0 - assumed cosmic ray-modulated Sample Search...
Morphology of Anomalous Cosmic Rays in the Outer Heliosphere Summary: ray transport equation describes the physics of cosmic ray modulation in the heliosphere... in this equation...
High Energy Gamma-Ray Emission from Gamma-Ray Bursts - Before GLAST
Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are short and intense emission of soft {gamma}-rays, which have fascinated astronomers and astrophysicists since their unexpected discovery in 1960s. The X-ray/optical/radio afterglow observations confirm the cosmological origin of GRBs, support the fireball model, and imply a long-activity of the central engine. The high-energy {gamma}-ray emission (> 20 MeV) from GRBs is particularly important because they shed some lights on the radiation mechanisms and can help us to constrain the physical processes giving rise to the early afterglows. In this work, we review observational and theoretical studies of the high-energy emission from GRBs. Special attention is given to the expected high-energy emission signatures accompanying the canonical early-time X-ray afterglow that was observed by the Swift X-ray Telescope. We also discuss the detection prospect of the upcoming GLAST satellite and the current ground-based Cerenkov detectors.
Fan, Yi-Zhong; Piran, Tsvi
Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays and Gamma Ray Bursts from Axion Stars
We propose a model in which ultra high energy cosmic rays and gamma ray bursts are produced by collisions between neutron stars and axion stars. The acceleration of such a cosmic ray is made by the electric field, $\\sim 10^{15} (B/10^{12} {G}) {eV} {cm}^{-1}$, which is induced in an axion star by relatively strong magnetic field $B>10^{12}$ G of a neutron star. On the other hand, similar collisions generate gamma ray bursts when magnetic field is relatively small, e.g. $\\leq 10^{10}$ G. Assuming that the axion mass is $\\sim 10^{-9}$ eV, we can explain huge energies of the gamma ray bursts $\\sim 10^{54}$ erg as well as the ultra high energies of the cosmic rays $\\sim 10^{20}$ eV. We estimate rate of energy release in the collisions and we find that the rate roughly agrees with observations. In addition, we show that these axion stars are plausible candidates for MACHOs. Since the axion star induces oscillating electric current under the magnetic field, observable monochromatic radiations are emitted.
Aiichi Iwazaki
The Animated Gamma-ray Sky Revealed by the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope
The Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope has been observing the sky in gamma-rays since August 2008. �In addition to breakthrough capabilities in energy coverage (20 MeV-300 GeV) and angular resolution, the wide field of view of the Large Area Telescope enables observations of 20% of the sky at any instant, and of the whole sky every three hours. It has revealed a very animated sky with bright gamma-ray bursts flashing and vanishing in minutes, powerful active galactic nuclei flaring over hours and days, many pulsars twinkling in the Milky Way, and X-ray binaries shimmering along their orbit. Most of these variable sources had not been seen by the Fermi predecessor, EGRET, and the wealth of new data already brings important clues to the origin of the high-energy emission and particles powered by the compact objects. The telescope also brings crisp images of the bright gamma-ray emission produced by cosmic-ray interactions in the interstellar medium, thus allowing to measure the cosmic nuclei and electron spectra across the Galaxy, to weigh interstellar clouds, in particular in the dark-gas phase. The telescope sensitivity at high energy will soon provide useful constraints on dark-matter annihilations in a variety of environments. I will review the current results and future prospects of the Fermi mission.
Isabelle Grenier
X-ray holography at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
The x-ray holography program at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory has two principal goals: (1) the development of x-ray diffraction techniques for DNA sequence analysis and (2) the development of x-ray laser holography for structural analysis of intact biological cells and organelles. DNA sequence analysis will be accomplished by applying x-ray diffraction techniques to determine the ensemble average of the sequence of labels along the individual elements of crystalline DNA. X-ray laser holographic imaging will be accomplished by applying three dimensional x-ray holography to elucidate the structure of few hundred angstrom objects such as 300 {Angstrom} chromatin fibers, nuclear pores and nucleic acid replication complexes in living cells. Existing laboratory x-ray lasers will be utilized to produce flash x-ray holograms of the biological structures.
Trebes, J.; Annese, C.; Birdsall, D.; Brase, J.; Gray, J.; Lane, S.; London, R.; Matthews, D.; Peters, D.; Pinkel, D.; Stone, G.; Rapp, D.; Rosen, M.; Weier, U.; Yorkey, T.
Detection of pseudo gamma-ray bursts of long duration
It is known that the counting rate of both Nai and Csi hard X-ray detectors can have intense enhancements of brief ... duration, which appear like very short cosmic gamma-ray bursts but probably are due to phosph...
F. Frontera; F. Fuligni; E. Morelli; G. Pizzichini�
Y-12�s Training and Technology ? TAT and John Ray
young student to attend TAT. Here is John Ray"s story: "I was a graduate of the Union Carbide Y-12 based Training and Technology Program in 1978. My family moved to Oak Ridge in...
X-Ray Diffraction Microscopy of Magnetic Structures
X-Ray Diffraction Microscopy of Magnetic Structures Print science brief icon Scientists working at ALS Beamline 184.108.40.206 have demonstrated a new x-ray technique for producing...
-ray Irradiation Enhanced Boron-10 Compound Accumulation in Murine Tumors
......gamma-ray Irradiation Enhanced Boron-10 Compound Accumulation in Murine Tumors...effects of gamma-ray irradiation on boron-10 compound accumulation in a murine...sodium) administration. Then, the boron-10 concentrations in tumor and normal......
Yong Liu; Kenji Nagata; Shin-ichiro Masunaga; Minoru Suzuki; Genro Kashino; Yuko Kinashi; Hiroki Tanaka; Yoshinori Sakurai; Akira Maruhashi; Koji Ono
X-ray diffraction study of zirconia pillared clays
X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) and X-ray radial electronic distribution density (RED) of initial and zirconia-pillared interlayered clays (Zr-PILC) were studied. After pillaring, the basal ... under air to 17.7 ...
D.A. Zyuzin; E.M. Moroz; T.G. Kuznetsova�
Development of a Schwarzschild-type x-ray microscope
A Schwarzschild-type x-ray microscope has been designed, constructed, and tested. Ni/C multilayers were used as the x-ray mirrors, with a thickness (2d) of 7 nm and 30 layer pairs. The...
Kado, M; Yamashita, K; Ohtani, M; Tanaka, K A; Kodama, R; Kitamoto, S; Yamanaka, T; Nakai, S
Biological Imaging by Soft X-Ray Diffraction Microscopy Print Electron and x-ray microscopes are a valuable tool for both the life and materials sciences, but they are limited in...
A Record Run for the APS X-ray Source
2004 | 2003 | 2002 | 2001 2000 Subscribe to APS News rss feed A Record Run for the APS X-ray Source FEBRUARY 23, 2012 Bookmark and Share The APS storage ring. X-ray beams and...
Resonant Soft X-Ray Scattering - Combining Structural with Spectroscop...
Resonant Soft X-Ray Scattering - Combining Structural with Spectroscopic Refinement Friday, September 28, 2012 - 10:00am SLAC, Bldg. 137, Room 322 SSRL Presents Kevin Stone X-ray...
Can Ultrahigh Energy Cosmic Rays Come from Gamma-Ray Bursts? II: Cosmic Rays Below the Ankle and Galactic GRB
The maximum cosmic ray energy achievable by acceleration by a relativistic blast wave is derived. It is shown that forward shocks from long GRB in the interstellar medium are powerful enough to produce the Galactic cosmic-ray component up to the ankle at $4\\times 10^{18}$eV, as per an earlier suggestion (Levinson and Eichler, 1993). It is further argued that, were extragalactic long GRB responsible for the component {\\it above} the ankle as well, the contribution from an occasional Galactic GRB within the solar circle would yield more than the observational limits on the outward flux from the solar circle, unless intermittency and/or beaming causes the present-day contribution to be less than $10^{-3}$ times the time average, and difficulties with these avoidance scenarios are also noted.
Eichler, David
A Gamma-Ray Bursts � Fluence-Duration Correlation
durations of gamma-ray bursts, and provide arguments that this reflects a correlation between the total
Istv�n Horv�th; Lajos G. Bal�zs; Peter M�sz�ros; Zsolt Bagoly
Applications of holography to x-ray imaging
In this paper we consider various applications of holographic techniques to the problem of soft x-ray imaging. We give special attention to imaging biological material using x-rays in the wavelength range 24 to 45A. We describe some experiments on formation and reconstruction of x-ray holograms and propose some ways in which holographic techniques might contribute to the difficult problem of fabricating optical elements for use in the soft x-ray region.
Howells, M.; Iarocci, M.; Kenney, J.; Rarback, H.; Rosser, R.; Yun, W.
Applications of holography to X-ray imaging
In this paper the authors consider various applications of holographic techniques to the problem of soft x-ray imaging. Special attention is given to imaging biological material using x-rays in the wavelength range 24-45A. The authors describe some experiments on formation and reconstruction of x-ray holograms and propose some ways in which holographic techniques might contribute to the difficult problem of fabricating optical elements for use in the soft x-ray region.
X-ray MicroCT Training Presentation
X-ray MicroCT Training Presentation T. Fettah Kosar, PhD Center for Nanoscale Systems Harvard) Model: HMXST225 (max. 225 kV) #12;Overview 3 Introduction to X-ray imaging and Computed Tomography (CT) · What are X-rays and how do we generate and image them? · How do we magnify X-ray images and keep them
X-ray Microscopy and Imaging: 2-BM
BM BM Introduction The 2-BM beamline offers measurement capabilities for x-ray microtomography, x-ray topography and x-ray microdiffraction. X-ray microtomography and x-ray diffraction instruments are installed on separate optical tables for independent operation with fast switch over time. Optically-coupled high-resolution CCD system is used for microtomography and topography with up to 1 micron spatial resolution. X-ray microdiffraction setup consists of KB microfocussing mirrors (~3 micron minimum spot), four-circle Huber diffractometer, high-precision translation sample stage, two orthogonally-mounted video cameras for viewing sample, fluorescence detector (Si-drift diode) and diffraction detector (a scintillation detector or a CCD). Three different levels of monochromaticity are available. Conventional monochromatic x-rays from a double-bounced Si (111) crystal monochromator (DCM, D E/E=1E-4), wide band-pass monochromatic x-rays from a double multilayer monochromator (DMM, D E/E=1~4E-2) and pink beam. The available x-ray range is from 5 keV to 30 keV. The lower limit is due to the x-ray windows and the upper limit is due to the critical angle of the x-ray mirror. Two different coatings (Cr and Pt) for the x-ray mirror allow either 20 keV or 30 keV energy cutoff.
The Biggest Bangs The Mystery of Gamma-Ray Bursts,
The Biggest Bangs The Mystery of Gamma-Ray Bursts, The Most Violent Explosions in The Universe J. I. Did a Gamma-Ray Burst Kill the Dinosaurs? Will a Burst Kill Us? #15; Glossary #15; Sources #15; Index. On January 23, 1999, one of these four cameras recorded visible light from a gamma-ray burst
Katz, Jonathan I.
The Biggest Bangs The Mystery of Gamma-Ray Bursts, The Most Violent Explosions in The Universe J. I a Gamma-Ray Burst Kill the Dinosaurs? Will a Burst Kill Us? · Glossary · Sources · Index viii #12;Chapter of these four cameras recorded visible light from a gamma-ray burst as it was happening, which had been the holy
Gamma-Ray Bursts Nuclear Test Ban Treaty, 1963
Lecture 18 Gamma-Ray Bursts #12;Nuclear Test Ban Treaty, 1963 First Vela satellite pair launched and their predecessors, Vela 4, discovered the first gamma-ray bursts. The discovery was announced by Klebesadel, Strong, and Olson (ApJ, 182, 85) in 1973. #12;First Gamma-Ray Burst The Vela 5 satellites functioned from July, 1969
Harrison, Thomas
Gamma ray bursts observed with WATCH?EURECA
The WATCH wide field x?ray monitor has the capability of independently locating bright Gamma Ray Bursts to 1� accuracy. We report the preliminary positions of 12 Gamma Ray Bursts observed with the WATCH monitor flown on the ES spacecraft EURECA during its 11 month mission. Also the recurrence of the Soft Gamma Repeater SGR 1900+14 in 1992 is verified.
S. Brandt; N. Lund; A. J. Castro?Tirado
Improvement of YOHKOH Hard X-Ray Imaging
......Figure la shows the X-ray penetration rate through a single, 0.5 mm...index Fig. 1. (a) X-ray penetration rate through a single tung- sten...the K-escape. (b) X-ray penetration rates averaged over the HXT M2 and......
Jun Sato; Takeo Kosugi; Kazuo Makishima
A complete sample of long bright Swift gamma ray bursts
...complete sample of long bright Swift gamma ray bursts Gianpiero Tagliaferri 1 Ruben...subsample of Swift long bright gamma ray bursts (GRBs). The sample, made...correlations and the nature of dark bursts. gamma ray bursts|complete sample|luminosity...
Gamma-ray bursts spectral correlations and their cosmological use
...research-article Discussion Meeting Issue Gamma-ray bursts organized by Alan Wells, Ralph...J. Wijers and Martin Rees Gamma-ray bursts spectral correlations and their...correlations involving the long-gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) prompt emission energy...
Gamma-ray bursts, QSOs and active galaxies
...research-article Discussion Meeting Issue Gamma-ray bursts organized by Alan Wells, Ralph...J. Wijers and Martin Rees Gamma-ray bursts, QSOs and active galaxies Geoffrey...of the absorption spectra of gamma-ray burst (GRB) sources or afterglows...
Short gamma-ray bursts near and far
...research-article Discussion Meeting Issue Gamma-ray bursts organized by Alan Wells, Ralph...Wijers and Martin Rees Short gamma-ray bursts near and far Andrew J Levan...understanding the nature of short gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) has been rapid since...
TERRESTRIAL GAMMA-RAY FLASH PRODUCTION BY LIGHTNING A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT gamma-ray flashes (TGFs) are brief flashes of gamma-rays originating in the Earth's atmosphere) that extends from below 25 keV to above 20 MeV. When good lightning data exists, TGFs are closely associated
Small Angle X-ray Scattering (SAXS) Laboratory Learning Experiences
.A. & Svergun D.I. (1987). Structure Analysis by Small-Angle X-Ray and Neutron Scattering. NY: Plenum PressSmall Angle X-ray Scattering (SAXS) Laboratory Learning Experiences o - Use of small angle X-ray scattering instrumentation o - Programs that you will use SAXS (BRUKER AXS) PRIMUS (Konarev, Volkov, Koch
X-ray Diffraction Laboratory Department of Chemistry
X-ray Diffraction Laboratory Department of Chemistry Texas A & M University College Station, Texas Phone : 979-845-9125 www.chem.tamu.edu/xray email@example.com X-rayDiffractionLaboratory DepartmentofChemistry 3255TAMU CollegeStation,TX77843-3255 Mission The purpose of our laboratory is to provide X-ray
X-ray Diffraction Practicals 1 Graphics Programs
X-ray Diffraction Practicals 1 Graphics Programs that will read SHELX or CIF files J. Reibenspies, N. Bhuvanesh ver 1.0.0 #12;X-ray Diffraction Practicals 2 Free software. Gretep : Reads SHELX files shelx files or output thermal ellipsoid plots. http://www.umass.edu/microbio/rasmol/ #12;X-ray
X-ray Emission from Massive Stars David Cohen
X-ray Emission from Massive Stars David Cohen Department of Physics and Astronomy Swarthmore University, Oct. 13, 2005 astro.swarthmore.edu/~cohen/ #12;Outline 1. What you need to know: a. X-rays from the Sun - magnetic activity, x-ray spectra b. Hot stars c. Radiation-driven winds and the Doppler shift d
X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy XPS Mark Engelhard
X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy XPS Mark Engelhard 1 #12;EMSL XPS Instrumentation 2 Physical Electronics Quantera XPS High Energy Resolution Focused X-ray Beam Capability Catalysis reaction and processing chamber with inert atmosphere glove box connected to a PHI Quantera Scanning X-ray Microprobe
BRILLIANCE X-RAY SCATTERING FOR BRILLIANCE X-RAY SCATTERING FOR LIFE SCIENCES (LIX) Group Leader: Lin Yang Proposal Team: O. Bilsel 1 , B. Hsiao 2 , H. Huang 3 , T. Irving 4 , A. Menzel 5 , L. Pollack 6 , C. Riekel 7 , J. Rubert 8 , H. Tsuruta 9 , L. Yang 10 1 University of Massachusetts, 2 Stony Brook University, 3 Rice University, 4 IIT, 5SLS, 6 Cornell University, 7 European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 8 NEU, 9 Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, 10 Brookhaven National Laboratory TECHNIQUES AND CAPABILITIES APPLICATIONS ADDITIONAL INFORMATION * Energy range 2-20keV using undulator source. Simultaneous SAXS/WAXS to cover 0.003-3Å -1 at 12keV with 1 micron spot size * Time-resolved solution scattering with resolution of (1) microseconds to milliseconds using continuous-flow mixing (5µm x 10µm spot size) and (2) milliseconds using stopped-
Lorentz violation from gamma-ray bursts
The constancy of light speed is a basic assumption in Einstein's special relativity, and consequently the Lorentz invariance is a fundamental symmetry of space-time in modern physics. However, it is speculated that the speed of light becomes energy-dependent due to the Lorentz invariance violation~(LV) in various new physics theories. We analyse the data of the energetic photons from the gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) by the Fermi Gamma-Ray Space Telescope, and find more events to support the energy dependence in the light speed with both linear and quadratic form corrections. We provide two scenarios to understand all the new-released Pass~8 data of bright GRBs by the Fermi-LAT Collaboration, with predictions from such scenarios being testable by future detected GRBs.
Shu Zhang; Bo-Qiang Ma
Gamma ray bursts: A 1983 overview
Gamma?ray burst observations are reviewed with mention of new gamma?ray and optical transient measurements and with discussions of the controversial contradictory and unresolved issues that have recently emerged: burst spectra appear to fluctuate in time as rapidly as they are measured implying that any one spectrum may be incorrect; energy spectra can be obligingly fitted to practically any desired shape implying in effect that no objective spectral resolution exists at all; burst fluxes and temporal quantities including the total event energy are characterized very differently with differing instruments implying that even elementary knowledge of their properties is instrumentally subjective; finally the log N?log S determinations are deficient in the weak bursts while there is no detection of a source direction anisotropy implying that Ptolemy was right or that burst source distance estimates are basically guesswork. These issues may remain unsolved until vastly improved instruments are flown.
T. L. Cline
Real time gamma-ray signature identifier
A real time gamma-ray signature/source identification method and system using principal components analysis (PCA) for transforming and substantially reducing one or more comprehensive spectral libraries of nuclear materials types and configurations into a corresponding concise representation/signature(s) representing and indexing each individual predetermined spectrum in principal component (PC) space, wherein an unknown gamma-ray signature may be compared against the representative signature to find a match or at least characterize the unknown signature from among all the entries in the library with a single regression or simple projection into the PC space, so as to substantially reduce processing time and computing resources and enable real-time characterization and/or identification.
Rowland, Mark (Alamo, CA); Gosnell, Tom B. (Moraga, CA); Ham, Cheryl (Livermore, CA); Perkins, Dwight (Livermore, CA); Wong, James (Dublin, CA)
Element 104 identified by characteristic x rays
A research team at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory has recently announced that they have conclusively identified the 257 isotope of element 104. This new work shows promise of shedding light on the controversy between Albert Ghiorso and Georgi N. Flerov the leaders respectively of the groups at Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory and the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research Dubna. The isotope 104 X 257 decays by alpha emission to 102 No 253 with a half?life of 4.3 seconds. The Oak Ridge group observed the K?series x rays from nobelium in coincidence with the alpha particles from 104 X 257 ; the observation of x?ray spectra has never been reported previously by the Berkeley or Dubna workers according to Curtis E. Bemis Jr spokesman for the group.
Ronald J. Cohn
The Pierre Auger Cosmic Ray Observatory
The Pierre Auger Observatory, located on a vast, high plain in western Argentina, is the world's largest cosmic ray observatory. The objectives of the Observatory are to probe the origin and characteristics of cosmic rays above $10^{17}$ eV and to study the interactions of these, the most energetic particles observed in nature. The Auger design features an array of 1660 water-Cherenkov particle detector stations spread over 3000 km$^2$ overlooked by 24 air fluorescence telescopes. In addition, three high elevation fluorescence telescopes overlook a 23.5 km$^2$, 61 detector infill array. The Observatory has been in successful operation since completion in 2008 and has recorded data from an exposure exceeding 40,000 km$^2$ sr yr. This paper describes the design and performance of the detectors, related subsystems and infrastructure that make up the Auger Observatory.
Phenomenology of Gamma-Ray Jets
We discuss some phenomenological aspects of $\\gamma$-ray emitting jets. In particular, we present calculations of the $\\gamma$-sphere and $\\pi$-sphere for various target photon fields, and employ them to demonstrate how $\\gamma$-ray observations at very high energies can be used to constraint the Doppler factor of the emitting plasma and the production of VHE neutrinos. We also consider the implications of the rapid TeV variability observed in M87 and the TeV blazars, and propose a model for the very rapid TeV flares observed with HESS and MAGIC in some blazars,that accommodates the relatively small Doppler factors inferred from radio observations. Finally, we briefly discuss the prospects for detecting VHE neutrinos from relativistic jets.
Amir Levinson
Neutron-driven gamma-ray laser
A lasing cylinder emits laser radiation at a gamma-ray wavelength of 0.87 .ANG. when subjected to an intense neutron flux of about 400 eV neutrons. A 250 .ANG. thick layer of Be is provided between two layers of 100 .ANG. thick layer of .sup.57 Co and these layers are supported on a foil substrate. The coated foil is coiled to form the lasing cylinder. Under the neutron flux .sup.57 Co becomes .sup.58 Co by neutron absorption. The .sup.58 Co then decays to .sup.57 Fe by 1.6 MeV proton emission. .sup.57 Fe then transitions by mesne decay to a population inversion for lasing action at 14.4 keV. Recoil from the proton emission separates the .sup.57 Fe from the .sup.57 Co and into the Be, where Mossbauer emission occurs at a gamma-ray wavelength.
Bowman, Charles D. (Los Alamos, NM)
X-ray radiography for container inspection
Arrangements of X-ray inspection systems are described for inspecting high-z materials in voluminous objects such as containers. Inspection methods may involve generating a radiographic image based on detected attenuation corresponding to a pulsed beams of radiation transmitted through a voluminous object. The pulsed beams of radiation are generated by a high-energy source and transmitted substantially downward along an incident angle, of approximately 1.degree. to 30.degree., to a vertical axis extending through the voluminous object. The generated radiographic image may be analyzed to detect on localized high attenuation representative of high-z materials and to discriminate high-z materials from lower and intermediate-z materials on the basis of the high density and greater attenuation of high-z material for higher energy (3-10 MeV) X-rays, and the compact nature of threatening masses of fissionable materials.
Katz, Jonathan I. (Clayton, MO); Morris, Christopher L. (Los Alamos, NM)
Gamma Ray Bursts as cosmological tools
The use of Gamma Ray Bursts as ``standard candles'' has been made possible by the recent discovery of a very tight correlation between their rest frame intrinsic properties. This correlation relates the GRB prompt emission peak spectral energy E_peak to the energy E_gamma corrected for the collimation angle theta_jet of these sources. The possibility to use GRBs to constrain the cosmological parameters and to study the nature of Dark Energy are very promising.
G. Ghirlanda; G. Ghisellini; L. Nava; C. Firmani
Gamma Ray Bursts as Cosmological Tools
The use of Gamma Ray Bursts as �standard candles� has been made possible by the recent discovery of a very tight correlation between their rest frame intrinsic properties. This correlation relates the GRB prompt emission peak spectral energy E peak to the energy E ? corrected for the collimation angle ?jet of these sources. The possibility to use GRBs to constrain the cosmological parameters and to study the nature of Dark Energy are very promising.
Sample holder for X-ray diffractometry
A sample holder for use with X-ray diffractometers with the capability to rotate the sample, as well as to adjust the position of the sample in the x, y, and z directions. Adjustment in the x direction is accomplished through loosening set screws, moving a platform, and retightening the set screws. Motion translators are used for adjustment in the y and z directions. An electric motor rotates the sample, and receives power from the diffractometer.
Hesch, Victor L. (Los Alamos, NM)
Columbia University X-Ray Measurements
V-720 keV · NaI 2x2x2" detector views an energy range of 1 keV-3 MeV Store signal in the tree. computer configuration. Plasmas were created using multi-frequency ECRH, and we find that most of the plasma energy is stored in the fast electrons. The energy spectrum of the x-ray emission below 740 keV is measured
Phenomenology of cosmic ray air showers
The properties of cosmic rays with energies above 1PeV have to be deduced from the spacetime structure and particle content of the air showers which they initiate. In this review, a summary of the phenomenology of these giant air showers is presented. We describe the hadronic interaction models used to extrapolate results from collider data to ultra high energies, an also the main electromagnetic processes that govern the longitudinal shower evolution as well as the lateral spread of particles.
M. T. Dova
Silicon Absolute X-Ray Detectors
The responsivity of silicon photodiodes having no loss in the entrance window, measured using synchrotron radiation in the 1.75 to 60 keV range, was compared to the responsivity calculated using the silicon thickness measured using near-infrared light. The measured and calculated responsivities agree with an average difference of 1.3%. This enables their use as absolute x-ray detectors.
Seely, John F. [Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C. 20375 (United States); Korde, Raj; Sprunck, Jacob [International Radiation Detectors, Inc., Torrance, CA 90505-5243 (United States); Medjoubi, Kadda; Hustache, Stephanie [Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin, BP 48, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette CEDEX (France)
Ultrashort x-ray backlighters and applications
Previously, using ultrashort laser pulses focused onto solid targets, we have experimentally studied a controllable ultrafast broadband radiation source in the extreme ultraviolet for time-resolved dynamical studies in ultrafast science [J. Workman, A. Maksimchuk, X. Llu, U. Ellenberger, J. S. Coe, C.-Y. Chien, and D. Umstadter, ``Control of Bright Picosecond X-Ray Emission from Intense Sub- Picosecond Laser-Plasma Interactions,`` Phys. Rev. Lett. 75, 2324 (1995)]. Once armed with a bright ultrafast broadband continuum x-ray source and appropriate detectors, we used the source as a backlighter to study a remotely produced plasma. The application of the source to a problem relevant to high-density matter completes the triad: creating and controlling, efficiently detecting, and applying the source. This work represented the first use of an ultrafast laser- produced x-ray source as a time-resolving probe in an application relevant to atomic, plasma and high-energy-density matter physics. Using the x-ray source as a backlighter, we adopted a pump-probe geometry to investigate the dynamic changes in electronic structure of a thin metallic film as it is perturbed by an ultrashort laser pulse. Because the laser deposits its energy in a skin depth of about 100 {Angstrom} before expansion occurs, up to gigabar pressure shock waves lasting picosecond in duration have been predicted to form in these novel plasmas. This raises the possibility of studying high- energy-density matter relevant to inertial confinement fusion (ICF) and astrophysics in small-scale laboratory experiments. In the past, time-resolved measurements of K-edge shifts in plasmas driven by nanosecond pulses have been used to infer conditions in highly compressed materials. In this study, we used 100-fs laser pulses to impulsively drive shocks into a sample (an untamped 1000 {Angstrom} aluminum film on 2000 {Angstrom} of parylene-n), measuring L-edge shifts.
Umstadter, D., University of Michigan
TENDER ENERGY X-RAY ABSORPTION TENDER ENERGY X-RAY ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY (TES) Project Team: S. Bare 1,2 , J. Brandes 3 , T. Buonassisi 4 , J. Chen 5,2 , M. Croft 6 , E. DiMasi 7 , A. Frenkel 8,2 , D. Hesterberg 9 , S. Hulbert 7,2 , S. Khalid 7 , S. Myneni 10 , P. Northrup 7,11 , E.T. Rasbury 11 , B. Ravel 12 , R. Reeder 11 , J. Rodriguez 7,2 , D. Sparks 5,13 , V. Stojanoff 7 , G. Waychunas 14 1 UOP LLC, 2 Synchrotron Catalysis Consortium, 3 Skidaway Inst. of Oceanography, 4 MIT Laboratory for Photovoltaics Research, 5 Univ. of Delaware, 6 Rutgers Univ., 7 Brookhaven National Lab, 8 Yeshiva Univ., 9 North Carolina State Univ., 10 Princeton Univ., 11 Stony Brook Univ., 12 NIST, 13 Delaware Environmental Inst., 14 Lawrence Berkeley National Lab TECHNIQUES: High performance and in-situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy and spatially-resolved XAS of
The Galactic gamma-ray club
The exclusive Galactic gamma-ray club has opened up to new members. Supernova remnants, pulsar wind nebulae, and massive binary systems hosting a compact object have recently joined the young pulsars as firmly established sources of gamma rays in the Milky Way. Massive young stellar clusters are on the waiting list to join the club. Only the fine imaging recently obtained at TeV energies could resolve specific sources. The samples are sparse, but raise exciting questions. The jet or pulsar-wind origin of the emission in binaries has been hotly debated, but it seems that both types of systems have been recently detected. The nature of the radiation in shock accelerators is still questioned: do nuclei contribute a lot, a little, or not to the gamma rays and what energy do they carry away from the shock budget? The acceleration process and the structural evolution of the pulsar winds are still uncertain. The magnetic field distribution in all these systems is a key, but poorly constrained, ingredient to model the multi-wavelength data, particle transport and electron ageing. It must, however, be determined in order to efficiently probe particle distributions and the acceleration mechanisms. The source samples soon to be expected from GLAST and the Cherenkov telescopes should bring new valuable test cases and they will, for the first time, shed statistical light on the collective behaviour of these different types of accelerators.
Isabelle A. Grenier
Remnants from Gamma-Ray Bursts
We model the intermediate-time evolution of a "jetted" gamma-ray burst (GRB) as two blobs of matter colliding with the interstellar medium. We follow the hydrodynamic evolution of this system numerically and calculate the bremsstrahlung and synchrotron images of the remnant. We find that for a burst energy of 1051 ergs the remnant becomes spherical after ~5000 yr, when it has collected ~50 M? of interstellar mass. This result is independent of the exact details of the GRB, such as the opening angle. After this time a gamma-ray burst remnant has an expanding sphere morphology. The similarity to a supernova remnant makes it difficult to distinguish between the two at this stage. The expected number of nonspherical gamma-ray burst remnants is ~0.05 per galaxy for a beaming factor of 0.01 and a burst energy of 1051 ergs. Our results suggest that the double-shell object DEM L316 is not a GRB remnant.
Shai Ayal; Tsvi Piran
Properties of prompt-fission ? rays
In a Monte Carlo Hauser-Feshbach statistical framework, we describe spectra, average multiplicities, average energy, and multiplicity distributions of the prompt ? rays produced in the thermal neutron-induced fission of U235 and Pu239, and the spontaneous fission of Cf252. Comparisons against recent experimental data show reasonable agreement in all cases investigated, after adjustment of the initial spin distribution in the fission fragments. In particular, when we include in the calculation the Doppler broadening we obtain a qualitatively good description of the measured low-energy spectra, where contributions from collective discrete transitions in specific fragments can be identified. At higher energies, both the calculated neutron and ?-ray spectra are softer than experimental data. The impact of selected model parameters on the prompt neutron and ?-ray spectra is analyzed. Finally, we present the prompt ? spectrum and multiplicity distribution for the neutron-induced fission of U235 for 5.5 MeV neutron incident energy, just below the threshold for second-chance fission.
I. Stetcu; P. Talou; T. Kawano; M. Jandel
Solution To The Gamma Ray Burst Mystery?
Photoexcitation and ionization of partially ionized heavy atoms in highly relativistic flows by interstellar photons, followed by their reemission in radiative recombination and decay, boost star-light into beamed $\\gamma$ rays along the flow direction. Repeated excitation/decay of highly relativistic baryonic ejecta from merger or accretion induced collapse of neutron stars in dense stellar regions (DSRs), like galactic cores, globular clusters and super star-clusters, can convert enough kinetic energy in such events in distant galaxies into cosmological gamma ray bursts (GRBs). The model predicts remarkably well all the main observed temporal and spectral properties of GRBs. Its success strongly suggests that GRBs are $\\gamma$ ray tomography pictures of DSRs in galaxies at cosmological distances with unprecedented resolution: A time resolution of $dt\\sim 1~ms$ in a GRB can resolve stars at a Hubble distance which are separated by only $D\\sim 10^{10}cm$. This is equivalent to the resolving power of an optical telescope with a diameter larger than one Astronomical Unit!
Nir J. Shaviv; Arnon Dar
Solar panels as cosmic-ray detectors
Due to fundamental limitations of accelerators, only cosmic rays can give access to centre-of- mass energies more than one order of magnitude above those reached at the LHC. In fact, extreme energy cosmic rays (1018 eV - 1020 eV) are the only possibility to explore the 100 TeV energy scale in the years to come. This leap by one order of magnitude gives a unique way to open new horizons: new families of particles, new physics scales, in-depth investigations of the Lorentz symmetries. However, the flux of cosmic rays decreases rapidly, being less than one particle per square kilometer per year above 1019 eV: one needs to sample large surfaces. A way to develop large-effective area, low cost, detectors, is to build a solar panel-based device which can be used in parallel for power generation and Cherenkov light detection. Using solar panels for Cherenkov light detection would combine power generation and a non-standard detection device.
Stella, Carlo; Assis, Pedro; Brogueira, Pedro; Santo, Catarina Espirito; Goncalves, Patricia; Pimenta, Mario; De Angelis, Alessandro
The X-ray Telescope of CAST
The Cern Axion Solar Telescope (CAST) is in operation and taking data since 2003. The main objective of the CAST experiment is to search for a hypothetical pseudoscalar boson, the axion, which might be produced in the core of the sun. The basic physics process CAST is based on is the time inverted Primakoff effect, by which an axion can be converted into a detectable photon in an external electromagnetic field. The resulting X-ray photons are expected to be thermally distributed between 1 and 7 keV. The most sensitive detector system of CAST is a pn-CCD detector combined with a Wolter I type X-ray mirror system. With the X-ray telescope of CAST a background reduction of more than 2 orders off magnitude is achieved, such that for the first time the axion photon coupling constant g_agg can be probed beyond the best astrophysical constraints g_agg < 1 x 10^-10 GeV^-1.
M. Kuster; H. Br�uninger; S. C�brian; M. Davenport; C. Elefteriadis; J. Englhauser; H. Fischer; J. Franz; P. Friedrich; R. Hartmann; F. H. Heinsius; D. H. H. Hoffmann; G. Hoffmeister; J. N. Joux; D. Kang; K. K�nigsmann; R. Kotthaus; T. Papaevangelou; C. Lasseur; A. Lippitsch; G. Lutz; J. Morales; A. Rodr�guez; L. Str�der; J. Vogel; K. Zioutas
The radiation-tolerant x-ray monitor
A vacuum photoelectric detector (monitor) (VPD) designed for plasma tomography, megnetohydrodynamics monitoring, and imaging with the help of thermal x-ray radiation on the ITER facility is described. Laboratory experiments demonstrate that VPD has high sensitivity to thermal x rays and low sensitivity to hard gamma rays and neutrons. The results of tests of a prototype of this monitor on a {sup 60}Co source of gamma rays, on nuclear reactor and its calibration using radiation from an x-ray tube, and tests of its serviceability on the T-10 facility are presented.
Gott, Yu. V.; Stepanenko, M. M. [Nuclear Fusion Institute, Russian Research Center 'Kurchatov Institute', Kurchatov Sq. 1, Moscow 123182 (Russian Federation)
Calibrating X-ray Imaging Devices for Accurate Intensity Measurement
The purpose of the project presented is to develop methods to accurately calibrate X-ray imaging devices. The approach was to develop X-ray source systems suitable for this endeavor and to develop methods to calibrate solid state detectors to measure source intensity. NSTec X-ray sources used for the absolute calibration of cameras are described, as well as the method of calibrating the source by calibrating the detectors. The work resulted in calibration measurements for several types of X-ray cameras. X-ray camera calibration measured efficiency and efficiency variation over the CCD. Camera types calibrated include: CCD, CID, back thinned (back illuminated), front illuminated.
Haugh, M. J.
Compton Recoil Electron Tracking With the TIGRE Gamma-Ray Balloon Experiment
AGNs), pulsars, gamma-ray bursts, cosmic ray interactionssensitive to cosmic gamma-ray bursts in the energy range ofGalactic center, a single gamma-ray burst which occurred 10
Kamiya, Kaoru
E-Print Network 3.0 - airborne lead x-ray Sample Search Results
Pulsars... you'd . . . Active Galactic . . . X-ray binaries Pulsars and relatives Gamma-ray bursts Gravitational... 1 - Type 2 X-ray binaries - Low mass X-ray binaries (LMXBs)...
E-Print Network 3.0 - attosecond kev x-ray Sample Search Results
de Montral Collection: Engineering 3 Generation of Attosecond X-ray and gamma-ray via Compton backscattering Summary: Generation of Attosecond X-ray and gamma-ray via...
Collection: High-Energy Cosmic Ray Event Data from the Pierre...
Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI)
High-Energy Cosmic Ray Event Data from the Pierre Auger Cosmic Ray Observatory Citation Details Title: High-Energy Cosmic Ray Event Data from the Pierre Auger Cosmic Ray...
Quantitative x-ray imager (abstract)
We report on development of a quantitative x-ray imager (QXI) for the national Inertial Confinement Fusion Program. Included in this development is a study of photocathode response as a function of photon energy, 2--17.5 keV, which is related to diagnostic development on the National Ignition Facility (NIF). The QXI is defined as being a quantative imager due to the repeated characterization. This instrument is systematically checked out, electronically as well as its photocathode x-ray response, both on a direct current and pulsed x-ray sources, before and after its use on a shot campaign. The QXI is a gated x-ray imager1 used for a variety of experiments conducted in the Inertial Confinement Fusion and Radiation Physics Program. The camera was assembled in Los Alamos and has been under development since 1997 and has now become the workhorse framing camera by the program. The electronics were built by Grant Applied Physics of San Fransisco, CA.2 The QXI has been used at the LANL Trident, LLNL Nova, and University of Rochester Laboratory OMEGA laser facilities. The camera consists of a grated microchannel plate (MCP), a phosphor coated fiberoptic faceplate coupled to film for data readout, along with high speed electronic pulsers to drive the x-ray detector. The QXI has both a two-strip and a four-strip detection head and has the ability to individually bias the gain of each of the strips. The timing of the QXI was done at the Trident short pulse laboratory, using 211 nm light. Single strip jitter was looked at as well and determined to be <25 ps. Flatfielding of the photocathode across the MCP was done with the Trident main laser with 150 J on a gold disk with a 1 ns. Spatial resolution was determined to be <5 {mu}m by using the same laser conditions as before and a backlit 1000 lp/in. grid. The QXI has been used on cylindrical implosion work at the Nova Laser Facility, and on direct-drive cylinder mix and indirect-drive high convergence implosion experiments at OMEGA. Its two-strip module has provided the capability to look at point backlighters, as part of technique development for experiments on the NIF. Its next use will be in March 2000 with its off axis viewer nose at Omega, providing a perpendicular view of Rayleigh--Taylor spike dissipation.
Evans, Scott C.; Archuleta, Tom N.; Oertel, John A.; Walsh, Peter J.
X-ray Studies of Unidentified Galactic TeV Gamma-ray Sources
Many of the recently discovered Galactic TeV sources remain unidentified to date. A large fraction of the sources is possibly associated with relic pulsar wind nebula (PWN) systems. One key question here is the maximum energy (beyond TeV) attained in the compact PWNe. Hard X-ray emission can trace those particles, but current non-focussing X-ray instruments above 10 keV have difficulties to deconvolve the hard pulsar spectrum from its surrounding nebula.Some of the new TeV sources are also expected to originate from middle-aged and possibly even from old supernova remnants (SNR). But no compelling case for such an identification has been found yet. In established young TeV-emitting SNRs, X-ray imaging above 10 keV could help to disentangle the leptonic from the hadronic emission component in the TeV shells, if secondary electrons produced in hadronic collisions can be effectively detected. As SNRs get older, the high energy electron component is expected to fade away. This may allow to verify the picture through X-ray spectral evolution of the source population.Starting from the lessons we have learned so far from X-ray follow-up observations of unidentified TeV sources, prospects for Simbol-X to resolve open questions in this field will be discussed.
Puehlhofer, Gerd [Institut fuer Astronomie und Astrophysik, Sand 1, 72076 Tuebingen (Germany)
The origin of excess of X-ray column density with respect to optical extinction in gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) is still a puzzle. A proposed explanation of the excess is the photoelectric absorption due to the intervening clouds along a GRB's line of sight. Here, we test this scenario by using the intervening Mg II absorption as a tracer of the neutral hydrogen column density of the intervening clouds. We identify a connection between the large X-ray column density (and large column density ratio of log (N{sub H,X}/N{sub H{sub I}})?0.5) and large neutral hydrogen column density probed by the Mg II doublet ratio (DR). In addition, GRBs with large X-ray column density (and large ratio of log (N{sub H,X}/N{sub H{sub I}})>0) tend to have multiple saturated intervening absorbers with DR < 1.2. These results therefore indicate an additional contribution from the intervening system to the observed X-ray column density in some GRBs, although the contribution from the host galaxy alone cannot be excluded based on this study.
Wang, J., E-mail: email@example.com [National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100012 (China)
X-Ray Interactions with Matter from the Center for X-Ray Optics (CXRO)
DOE Data Explorer [Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI)]
The primary interactions of low-energy x-rays within condensed matter, viz. photoabsorption and coherent scattering, are described for photon energies outside the absorption threshold regions by using atomic scattering factors. The atomic scattering factors may be accurately determined from the atomic photoabsorption cross sections using modified Kramers-Kronig dispersion relations. From a synthesis of the currently available experimental data and recent theoretical calculations for photoabsorption, the angle-independent, forward-scattering components of the atomic scattering factors have been thus semiempirically determined and tabulated here for 92 elements and for the region 50-30,000 eV. Atomic scattering factors for all angles of coherent scattering and at the higher photon energies are obtained from these tabulated forward-scattering values by adding a simple angle-dependent form-factor correction. The incoherent scattering contributions that become significant for the light elements at the higher photon energies are similarly determined. The basic x-ray interaction relations that are used in applied x-ray physics are presented here in terms of the atomic scattering factors. The bulk optical constants are also related to the atomic scattering factors. These atomic and optical relations are applied to the detailed calculation of the reflectivity characteristics of a series of practical x-ray mirror, multilayer, and crystal monochromators. Comparisons of the results of this semiempirical,"atom-like", description of x-ray interactions for the low-energy region with those of experiment and ab initio theory are presented.
Henke, B.L.; Gullikson, E.M.; Davis, J.C.
TeV Burst of Gamma-Ray Bursts and Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays
Some recent experiments detecting very high energy (VHE) gamma-rays above 10-20 TeV independently reported VHE bursts for some of bright gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). If these signals are truly from GRBs, these GRBs must emit a much larger amount of energy as VHE gamma-rays than in the ordinary photon energy range of GRBs (keV-MeV). We show that such extreme phenomena can be reasonably explained by synchrotron radiation of protons accelerated to \\sim 10^{20-21} eV, which has been predicted by Totani (1998a). Protons seem to carry about (m_p/m_e) times larger energy than electrons, and hence the total energy liberated by one GRB becomes as large as \\sim 10^{56} (\\Delta \\Omega / 4 \\pi) ergs. Therefore a strong beaming of GRB emission is highly likely. Extension of the VHE spectrum beyond 20 TeV gives a nearly model-independent lower limit of the Lorentz factor of GRBs, as $\\gamma \\gtilde 500$. Furthermore, our model gives the correct energy range and time variability of ordinary keV-MeV gamma-rays of GRBs by synchrotron radiation of electrons. Therefore the VHE bursts of GRBs strongly support the hypothesis that ultra high energy cosmic rays observed on the Earth are produced by GRBs.
Generation of first hard X-ray pulse at Tsinghua Thomson Scattering X-ray Source
Tsinghua Thomson Scattering X-ray Source (TTX) is the first-of-its-kind dedicated hard X-ray source in China based on the Thomson scattering between a terawatt ultrashort laser and relativistic electron beams. In this paper, we report the experimental generation and characterization of the first hard X-ray pulses (51.7 keV) via head-on collision of an 800 nm laser and 46.7 MeV electron beams. The measured yield is 1.0 Multiplication-Sign 10{sup 6} per pulse with an electron bunch charge of 200 pC and laser pulse energy of 300 mJ. The angular intensity distribution and energy spectra of the X-ray pulse are measured with an electron-multiplying charge-coupled device using a CsI scintillator and silicon attenuators. These measurements agree well with theoretical and simulation predictions. An imaging test using the X-ray pulse at the TTX is also presented.
Du Yingchao; Yan Lixin; Hua Jianfei; Du Qiang; Zhang Zhen; Li Renkai; Qian Houjun; Huang Wenhui; Chen Huaibi; Tang Chuanxiang [Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084 (China); Key Laboratory of Particle and Radiation Imaging, Tsinghua University, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100084 (China); Key Laboratory of High Energy Radiation Imaging Fundamental Science for National Defense, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084 (China)
Apparatus for monitoring X-ray beam alignment
A self-contained, hand-held apparatus is provided for minitoring alignment of an X-ray beam in an instrument employing an X-ray source. The apparatus includes a transducer assembly containing a photoresistor for providing a range of electrical signals responsive to a range of X-ray beam intensities from the X-ray beam being aligned. A circuit, powered by a 7.5 VDC power supply and containing an audio frequency pulse generator whose frequency varies with the resistance of the photoresistor, is provided for generating a range of audible sounds. A portion of the audible range corresponds to low X-ray beam intensity. Another portion of the audible range corresponds to high X-ray beam intensity. The transducer assembly may include an a photoresistor, a thin layer of X-ray fluorescent material, and a filter layer transparent to X-rays but opaque to visible light. X-rays from the beam undergoing alignment penetrate the filter layer and excite the layer of fluorescent material. The light emitted from the fluorescent material alters the resistance of the photoresistor which is in the electrical circuit including the audio pulse generator and a speaker. In employing the apparatus, the X-ray beam is aligned to a complete alignment by adjusting the X-ray beam to produce an audible sound of the maximum frequency.
Steinmeyer, Peter A. (Arvada, CO)
Photon Sciences | Beamlines | HXN: Hard X-ray Nanoprobe
HXN: Hard X-ray Nanoprobe HXN: Hard X-ray Nanoprobe Poster | Fact Sheet | Preliminary Design Report Scientific Scope The Hard X-ray Nanoprobe beamline and endstation instruments (HXN) will be designed and constructed to explore new frontiers of hard x-ray microscopy applications with the highest achievable spatial resolution. Currently the available spatial resolution for scientific applications, provided by scanning x-ray microscopes in the hard x-ray regime, is limited to ~50nm, which is still insufficient for probing the nanoscale interfacial structures critical in determining properties and functionalities of material and biological systems. The HXN beamline aims to enable x-ray experiments at spatial resolutions ranging from 10 to 30 nm with an ultimate goal of ~1 nm. Beamline Description
Introduction to Neutron and X-Ray Scattering
Scattering Studies of Thin Scattering Studies of Thin Polymer Films Introduction to Neutron and X-Ray Scattering Sunil K. Sinha UCSD/LANL Acknowledgements: Prof. R.Pynn( Indiana U.) Prof. M.Tolan (U. Dortmund) Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen 1845-1923 1895: Discovery of X-Rays 1901 W. C. Röntgen in Physics for the discovery of x-rays. 1914 M. von Laue in Physics for x-ray diffraction from crystals. 1915 W. H. Bragg and W. L. Bragg in Physics for crystal structure determination. 1917 C. G. Barkla in Physics for characteristic radiation of elements. 1924 K. M. G. Siegbahn in Physics for x-ray spectroscopy. 1927 A. H. Compton in Physics for scattering of x-rays by electrons. 1936 P. Debye in Chemistry for diffraction of x-rays and electrons in gases.
GAMQUEST, a Computer Program to Identify Gamma Rays
GAMQUEST GAMQUEST A Computer Program to Identify Gamma Rays Edgardo Browne, Nuclear Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720 email@example.com Table of Contents Introduction. Program Access and Output Files. How to Run GAMQUEST. From Individual Accounts. From Guest Account. Gamma-Ray Data. GAMQUEST, a Tool for Applied Research. Searching Strategies. Examples. Neutron Activation Analysis. Gamma-Ray Spectrum Between 100 and 800 keV. Gamma-Ray Spectrum Between 800 and 1600 keV. A List of X Rays and Gamma Rays from the Decay of 192Ir (74 hr). Run GAMQUEST from Guest Account Acknowledgments. References. 1. Introduction. The characteristic energies and intensities of gamma rays emitted by radioactive isotopes are commonly used as fingerprints for isotope
Development of procedures for refurbishing x-ray optics at the Advanced Light Source
Development of procedures for refurbishing x-ray optics atpractical and robust procedures for refurbishing x-ray
Yashchuk, Valeriy V.
We performed a series of hydrodynamical calculations of an ultrarelativistic jet propagating through a massive star and the circumstellar matter (CSM) to investigate the interaction between the ejecta and the CSM. We succeed in distinguishing two qualitatively different cases in which the ejecta are shocked and adiabatically cool. To examine whether the cocoon expanding at subrelativistic speeds emits any observable signal, we calculate the expected photospheric emission from the cocoon. It is found that the emission can explain early thermal X-ray emission recently found in some long gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). The result implies that the difference of the circumstellar environment of long GRBs can be probed by observing their early thermal X-ray emission.
Suzuki, Akihiro [Center for Computational Astrophysics, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588 (Japan); Shigeyama, Toshikazu [Research Center for the Early Universe, School of Science, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033 (Japan)
Gamma Ray Bursts: recent results and connections to very high energy Cosmic Rays and Neutrinos
Gamma-ray bursts are the most concentrated explosions in the Universe. They have been detected electromagnetically at energies up to tens of GeV, and it is suspected that they could be active at least up to TeV energies. It is also speculated that they could emit cosmic rays and neutrinos at energies reaching up to the $10^{18}-10^{20}$ eV range. Here we review the recent developments in the photon phenomenology in the light of \\swift and \\fermi satellite observations, as well as recent IceCube upper limits on their neutrino luminosity. We discuss some of the theoretical models developed to explain these observations and their possible contribution to a very high energy cosmic ray and neutrino background.
P�ter M�sz�ros; Katsuaki Asano; P�ter Veres
X-Ray Imaging Crystal Spectrometer for Extended X-Ray Sources
Spherically or toroidally curved, double focusing crystals are used in a spectrometer for X-ray diagnostics of an extended X-ray source such as a hot plasma produced in a tokamak fusion experiment to provide spatially and temporally resolved data on plasma parameters such as ion temperature, toroidal and poloidal rotation, electron temperature, impurity ion charge-state distributions, and impurity transport. The imaging properties of these spherically or toroidally curved crystals provide both spectrally and spatially resolved X-ray data from the plasma using only one small spherically or toroidally curved crystal, thus eliminating the requirement for a large array of crystal spectrometers and the need to cross-calibrate the various crystals.
Bitter, Manfred L.; Fraekel, Benjamin; Gorman, James L.; Hill, Kenneth W.; Roquemore, Lane A.; Stodiek, Wolfgang; Goeler, Schweickhard von
X-Ray Source Based on the Parametric X-Rays
Prospects of parametric x-rays (PXR) application for the development of a tuneable quasi-monochromatic x-ray source for medical imaging are discussed. Analysis of basic requirements for electron accelerator shows that it must be relatively low-energy and high-current linac. In comparison with known ultra-relativistic cases, at low energies PXR properties will be modified to a great extent by multiple scattering of the electrons. PXR intensity dependence on target thickness and beam energy are calculated taking multiple scattering into account. It is concluded that PXR source based on real medical accelerators is feasible and can provide x-ray flux needful for obtaining high quality medical images.
Alexander Lobko; Olga Lugovskaya
MilagroA TeV Observatory for Gamma Ray Bursts
MilagroA TeV Observatory for Gamma Ray Bursts B.L. Dingus and the Milagro Collaboration Los energy gamma-rays from gamma-ray bursts. The highest energy gamma rays supply very strong constraints on the nature of gamma-ray burst sources as well as fundamental physics. Because the highest energy gamma-rays
Formation of Hydrogen Peroxide in Water Irradiated with X- and Alpha-Rays
... of very different ionic density, namely, 0�9 A. X-rays and polonium or radon?-rays. Methods. The irradiation with X-rays and the titration of hydrogen peroxide ... x-rays. The ionic yield, in the case of X-rays, suggests that the radon (3-rays probably account for less than 5 per cent of the total effect ...
Total Absorption Gamma-ray Spectrometer (TAGS) Intensity Distributions from INL's Gamma-Ray Spectrometry Center
A 252Cf fission-product source and the INL on-line isotope separator were used to supply isotope-separated fission-product nuclides to a total absorption -ray spectrometer. This spectrometer consisted of a large (25.4-cm diameter x 30.5-cm long) NaI(Tl) detector with a 20.3-cm deep axial well in which is placed a 300-mm2 x 1.0-mm Si detector. The spectra from the NaI(Tl) detector are collected both in the singles mode and in coincidence with the B-events detected in the Si detector. Ideally, this detector would sum all the energy of the B- rays in each cascade following the population of daughter level by B- decay, so that the event could be directly associated with a particular daughter level. However, there are losses of energy from attenuation of the rays before they reach the detector, transmission of rays through the detector, escape of secondary photons from Compton scattering, escape of rays through the detector well, internal conversion, etc., and the measured spectra are thus more complicated than the ideal case and the analysis is more complex. Analysis methods have been developed to simulate all of these processes and thus provide a direct measure of the B- intensity distribution as a function of the excitation energy in the daughter nucleus. These data yield more accurate information on the B- distribution than conventional decay-scheme studies for complex decay schemes with large decay energies, because in the latter there are generally many unobserved and observed but unplaced rays. The TAGS data have been analyzed and published [R. E. Greenwood et al., Nucl Instr. and metho. A390(1997)] for 40 fission product-nuclides to determine the B- intensity distributions. [Copied from the TAGS page at http://www.inl.gov/gammaray/spectrometry/tags.shtml]. Those values are listed on this page for quick reference.
Greenwood, R.E.