text:
To address the low participation of the minorities especially Muslims who are
the largest section of educationally backward minorities, in the national education
system, the Ministry of Human Resource Development has taken several significant
SarvaShikshaAbhiyan (SSA) addresses issues of access, equity and quality and
makes schools open and inclusive in the secular space of our polity. The
coverage of the Scheme has been concurrently extended to recognize
volunteering Madarsas/Maktabs supported under SSA as well as those other
volunteering Madrasas/Maktabs which may not be registered or recognized but
supported under SSA interventions in coordination with State Project
Schemes amenable to earmarking of financial and physical targets for
minorities, have been implemented to ensure that benefit to minority
communities is beyond 15% as in case of SarvaShikshaAbhiyan (SSA) and
Kasturba Gandhi BalikaVidyalaya (KGBV) where share of minorities is upto
20%. In order to enhance participation of minorities in the national education
system, various initiatives have been undertaken – 121 districts with
concentration of Muslim population are specifically targeted for maximising
school access and eliminating infrastructure gaps through opening of 9071
new Primary Schools and 1475 Upper Primary Schools; construction of 21559
additional classrooms and recruitment of 29180 teachers.
Mid-Day-Meal (MDM) Scheme has been extended to cover all children studying
in classes I-VIII of Government, Government Aided including National Child
Labour Project Schools, madarsas/maqtabs EGS/AIE Centres supported under
SarvaShikshaAbhiyan without any discrimination of caste, gender, etc. Under
the scheme nutritious meal of 450 calories and 12 grams of protein is provided
at primary level (classes I-V) and of 700 calories and 20 grams of protein is
provided at upper primary level (classes VI – VIII).
Out of 3609 Kasturba Gandhi BalikaVidyalayas (KGBVs) sanctioned, 490
KGBVs have been sanctioned in blocks having over 20% muslim population out
which 475 are operational enrolling 25% muslim girls.
Ministry has launched 'Saakshar Bharat' the new variant of the National
Literacy Mission on 8.9.2009 with an objective to make 70 million non-literate
adults literate by the end of the 11th Plan. The scheme has special focus on
women, belonging to Minorities. It is proposed to cover 12 million Muslims (10
million women +2 million men) under the programme. Saakshar Bharat is being
implemented in 410 districts where female literacy is less than 50%. The
programme has been rolled out in 372 districts in 25States and 1 Union
Territory. – 2 –
Jan ShikshanSansthans (JSSs) are imparting vocational training in 33 out of
90 minority concentrated districts in the country.
The Centrally Sponsored Scheme of Teacher Education is under revision. Block
Institutes of Teacher Education (BITEs) are proposed to be established in 196
blocks having concentration of SC/ST and Minorities.
Due to these interventions the share of Muslim children enrolled at primary &
upper primary level has gone up and those out of school have decreased.
According to District Information System of Education (DISE) the enrolment of
Muslim children at primary and upper primary level for the year 2009-10 was
13.04% & 11.25% respectively.
Under the scheme of financial assistance for 'Infrastructure Development for
Private Aided/Unaided Minority Institutes(IDMI) during financial year 2011-12,
Rs.48.43 crore has been released to 10 State Governments to 259 Minority
Institutions.During 2012-13, out of budget provision of Rs.50.00 crore, an
amount of Rs.2.62 crore has been released for 62 institutions in 3 States
(Kerala, Sikkim and Mizoram)
Under the "Scheme for Providing Quality Education in Madrasas' (SPQEM)
during the financial year 2011-12, Rs.139.53 crore has been released to 9
States for honorarium of teachers, Book Bank/Science Kits, Computer Lab and
Teachers Training etc. to Madrassa teachers teaching modern subjects in 5934
Madrassas. During 2012-13, out of budget provision of Rs.175.00 crore,
Rs.31.57 crore has been released for 1348 Madrasas in 4 States (Chhattisgarh,
MP, UP & Rajasthan)
The scheme of RashtriyaMadhyamikShikshaAbhiyan, inter alia provides
coverage of special focus groups viz. girls' education, children belong to SC, ST,
OBC, and Educationally Backward Minorities, which was launched in March,
2009 with the objective to enhance access to secondary education and improve
its quality. Since its inception, 9670 secondary schools have been approved, out
of which 930 have been approved in Minority Concentration Districts (MCDs).
An amount of Rs.2499.81 crore has been released out of total allocation of
funds of Rs.2512.45 crore.
The certificates/ qualifications of the Madrasa Boards which have been granted
equivalence by the State Education Boards to that of their Secondary and
Senior Secondary qualification have been equated with corresponding
certificates of the Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE), Council of
Board of School Education in India (COBSE) and other School Examination
Boards, for the purpose of employment and entry to higher levels of education.
Consequential notification by DOP&T has since been issued on 23.2.2010.
National Monitoring Committee on Minorities' Education (NMCME):
The National Monitoring Committee on Minorities' Education (NMCME) was
revived on the 7th
August, 2004 and reconstituted on expiry of its term w.e.f.
August, 2007. The term of the Committee has expired on 22nd
2010 and has been reconstituted on 23rd
December, 2012. The Committee is
chaired by the Hon'ble Minister of Human Resource Development, and has
representations from eminent educationists, Members of Parliament, representatives of State Governments and representatives of Minority
communities, educational institutions and other stake holders. Besides a
Standing Committee of the National Monitoring Committee on Minorities'
Education, five Sub-Committees on (i) Vocational Education & Skill
Development of Minorities, (ii) Implementation of Schemes Aimed at
Minorities, (iii) Mapping of Educational Requirements of Minorities – Region &
District wise, (iv) Girls' Education and (v) Promotion of Urdu language and
enhance compatibility amongst minorities through knowledge of English have
also been constituted.The Standing Committee and Sub-Committees have to
visit States to interact with the minority communities, managements of
educational institutions and other stakeholders.
UGC has approved/sanctioned 285 Women's Hostels during 11th Plan in
Minority Concentration Districts/Areas. Out of total allocation of Rs.370.19
crore, Rs.203.69 crore have been released till 27th
February, 2012.
The UGC has approved the guidelines for establishment of centres in
universities for study of Social Exclusion and Inclusive Policy and sanctioned
these centres in 35 universities. Rs.21.53 crores has been released.
UGC has established 2328 Equal Opportunity Cells for
Minorities/SC/ST/OBCs in 23 Central Universities, 114 State Universities, 12
Deemed Universities and 2179 Colleges and Rs.46.07 crore has been
allocated/released during the 11th
Five Year Plan
A new scheme to assist States for establishment of a model degree college in
each of the 374 identified higher educationally backward districts having Gross
Enrolment Ratio (GER) in higher education lower than the national GER has
been operationalised. An amount of Rs.782 crore has been earmarked as the
Central Government share in the 11th
Five Year Plan for the Scheme. In so far
as Minority Concentration Areas/Districts are concerned, 64 such
areas/districts have been identified under this scheme. Approval has been
granted to 15 model degree colleges in Minority Concentration Areas/Districts
out of which an amount of Rs.2.67 crore has been released to 2 colleges.
Under the Sub-Mission on Polytechnics, the Government of India provides
financial assistance to the State Governments/UTs for setting up of
polytechnics in the un-served and underserved districts during the 11th Plan. A
sum of upto Rs.12.3 crore per polytechnic is provided to the State/UTs, subject
to the condition that the land and recurring cost shall be provided by the State
Governments/UTs. As per the Scheme criteria, 57 districts out of 90 Minority
Concentration Districts are eligible for consideration under the Scheme. So far
an amount of Rs.254.66 crore has been released as initial grants for setting up
of polytechnics in 48 Districts out of 57 Districts.
Academies for Professional Development of Urdu Medium Teachers have been
set up at three Central Universities viz. Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh,
JamiaMilliaIslamia, New Delhi and Maulana Azad National Urdu University,
Hyderabad. The Academy at JMI has trained 1675 teachers. MANUU has
trained 3061 teachers and AMU has conducted 16 Refresher
Courses/workshops for Primary/Secondary school teachers and has covered
356 teachers for teaching modern subjects in Urdu medium. An amount of Rs.
4.00 crore for each of these Universities was sanctioned by UGC for
establishment of Academies for Professional Development of Urdu Medium
Teachers during 11th
Plan. Rs. 61.31 crores have been sanctioned for establishment of 'Residential
Coaching Academies for Minorities, Women/SCs/STs'' in Aligarh Muslim
University, Maulana Azad National Urdu University, Baba Sahib
BhimraoAmbedkar, JamiaHamdard and JamiaMilliaIslamia so far, an amount
of Rs. 30.66 crore has been released by University Grants Commission.
JamiaHamdard has admitted 224 students(66 in 2010, 80 in 2011 & 78 in
2012), Maulana Azad National Urdu University admitted 148 students (81 in
2010 & 67 in 2011), Baba SahebBhimRaoAmbedkar has admitted 223 students
(95 in 2010, 59 in 2011 & 69 in 2012), Aligarh Muslim University has admitted
96 students and JamiaMilliaIslamia has admitted 210(100 in 2010 and 110 in
2011) students.
National Commission for Minority Educational Institutions (NCMEI) has been
established by an Act of Parliament with the key objective of ensuring that the
true amplitude of the educational rights enshrined in Article 30 (1) of the
Constitution is made available to the members of the notified religious minority
communities, including the Muslims. NCMEI has issued 6305 minority status
certificates as on 30.6.2012.
National Council for Promotion of Urdu Language (NCPUL) is being
strengthened. The Mandate of the Council is being revisited for empowering the
Council to register, examine and award approved qualifications to the students
registered with it up to pre-degree level courses in the Urdu language and
vocational qualifications dovetailing these with National Vocational Education
Qualification Framework whether by statute or otherwise.
The programmes of the NCPUL are now available at 2009 Study Centres located
in 234 Minority Concentration Districts in 26 States of the country which
include one year Diploma Course in Computer Applications, Business
Accounting & Multilingual DTP (CABA-MDTP), One Year Diploma Course in
Urdu language, one year Certificate Course in Arabic Language and two years
Diploma Course in Functional Arabic. CABA-MDTP scheme has transformed
the Urdu speaking population into employable technical work force and more
than 50% diploma holders are already employed. 50,000 jobs are expected for
Diploma holders under the National Population Register Project.
In order to preserve and promote traditional calligraphy, a rich heritage of India
and dovetailing it with the modern graphic design to create employment and
entreneurship, the Council is running Calligraphy and Graphic Design Course
at 35 locations in the country.
Scheme for Urdu Press Promotion has been strengthened to provide for capacity
building of Urdu journalists. New courses on Mass Media, Script Writing and
Dialogue writing are being launched to enhance employment opportunity in
addition to the subsidy provided to Urdu newspapers to avail UNI Urdu News
Salient Findings of Research Conducted by NUEPA – Participation of Muslims in
Higher Education:
1. National Sample Survey 64th
Round conducted in 2007-08 presents the
information on participation in higher education in terms of social and religious
groups. Result shows that the Gross Attendance Ratio (GAR) of Muslims stands at 8.7
percent as opposed to 16.8% GAR of Non-Muslims in higher education. If we compare
the GAR of Muslims with other social groups, we observe that it is higher than the
GAR of Scheduled Tribes at 6.63 percent but lower than the GAR of Scheduled Castes
at 10.65% and much lower than the GAR of Other Backward Classes at 13.67 percent.
2. There is a wide variation in the participation within Non-Muslim community as
we move from ST, SC, OBC and others. It varies from 6.26% in the case of ST to
10.52% in the case of SC, 14.27% in the case of OBC to 29.56% in the case of others.
Thus there is a range of 23 within Non-Muslim community along different social
groups. It is interesting to observe that there is no such wide variation in the
participation within Muslim community as we move from ST, SC, and OBC to others.
GAR of ST is 5.6%, SC is 14.2%, OBC is 8.7% and that of others is 8.6%.
3. Participation by consumption expenditure groups: An interesting question that
emerges from the information is that whereas the top quartile of the Muslims does
show highest participation in relation to all the bottom four quartiles, the
differentiation in participation even within top quartile between communities is very
4. The important characteristics of Muslim participation in higher education is
that at higher levels of higher education, such as, at the post graduation level,
attendance of Muslims falls down considerably. Besides, higher percentage of Muslims
(as compared to non-Muslims, 22.4% as compared to 19.2%) ends up doing Diploma
& Certificate below Graduate Level.
5. The third characteristics of Muslim participation in higher education is that
higher overall participation of Muslim ST and SC and lower degree level participation
of Muslim ST and SC as compared to Non-Muslim ST and SC only means Muslim ST
and SC participation is higher in post secondary diploma and certificate. It means
Muslim ST and SC prefer to join post secondary education for a short period certificate
and diploma course and they have lower participation at degree level. However, overall
higher participation in diploma course compensates for lower participation at degree
level. As a result overall diploma and degree participation for Muslim ST and SC is
higher in comparison to Non-Muslim ST and SC.
6. Level-wise Educational Inequality of Participation: Group Analysis
Educational participation in terms of graduates at different levels of education
is presented in terms of social, religious and economic groups. In the information
given in the table elementary i.e.; first stage of education is taken as the base and
index of graduates at other levels of education is calculated. Graduates, at different
levels of education, give the picture of stock available at a point of time. However, the
comparison tells us which group at what level suffers from the deficit of graduates. As
noted above, the identical stock at different levels is an ideal scenario of equality in
level wise participation in education. Any deviation from the ideal is something of
interest to know.
7. It is important to note that there is sharp fall in the number of graduates at junior secondary level for ST, SC and OBC social groups. In the religious group, the
fall in the number of graduates at junior secondary level for the Muslims may be
noted. However, the fall is not as high as ST, SC and OBC. In the religious group, NonMuslim do not show fall at the junior secondary level. In terms of economic groups,
the fall in the number of graduates at the junior secondary level is largest for I group.
The fall is reduced as the consumption expenditure group increases. It may be
concluded that to increase educational participation at higher levels of education the
number of graduates at Jr. secondary level needs to be increased especially for ST, SC,
OBC and the Muslims and income groups I, II and III as a matter of priority.
8. It is a matter of concern that a further deficit of graduates occurs for SC, ST,
OBC, I and II income group at the senior secondary level and to a lesser extent for
Muslims and income group III. Non-Muslim also suffers from sharp fall in the number
of graduates at senior secondary level from a high number of graduates at junior
secondary level.
9. Participation in higher education in terms of number of graduates very much
depends on the manner in which the fall in the number of graduates in different
groups take place at different levels of education. The number of graduates at different
levels of school education for different social groups
10. It is thus clear from the analysis that unless the participation in terms of
graduates at the first three levels of education is enhanced for SC, ST, OBC, I, II and
III income group, it would be meaningless to talk of higher participation in higher
11. Factors Identifying Low Participation of Muslims in Higher Education
The central objective of the proposed research is to identify the factors for low
participation of Muslims in higher education. Factor analysis was conducted to
identify the factors responsible for low participation of Muslims. A sample of 402
Muslim students who are already studying in higher education institutions was
randomly served the questionnaire. In the questionnaire participating students'
perceptions were captured to understand the factors responsible for low participation
of Muslims in higher education. Factor analysis was conducted with a set of 30
questions on four point scale. Scale was given rank 1 for most agreed, rank 2 for
agreed, rank 3 for somewhat agreed and rank 4 for not agreed. Question is treated as variable in factor analysis. From the responses received through the questionnaire the
factor analysis facilitates in understanding the perceptions of individuals in terms of
factors. The factors pool different interrelated questions (variables) together under one
factor. A set of relevant factors may finally explain the perception of individuals in
understanding a phenomenon.
12. Factors for Low Participation of Muslims in Higher Education
The rotation of factor structure has clarified the things considerably. The first
factor pools five variables. Family expectation to take up a job (variable 26), value for
traditional profession in the family(variable 27), compulsion to start earning soon to
support the family(variable 15), tough to break the barrier of family profession
(variable 1) and last variable with lowest factor loading can be ignored. Factor 1,
therefore, turns out to be "income barrier". Under Factor-1, family profession is valued
because it provides economic security. Family mode of traditional profession that is
linked to the traditional occupation followed in the family might not be remunerative
enough. This creates compulsion for an individual to search out for a job after school
education. Hence factor-1 explains the inability of an individual to break the family
profession and at the same time creates compulsion to earn early income to
supplement the income from family profession. This, in the perception of an
individual, income is the important deterrent for Muslims in the participation of higher
The second factor also pools five variables together. My religion encourages
individual to have higher education (variable 23), Our religious community values
higher education (variable 28), Madarsa/school education is progressive and helps one
to join higher education (variable 21), My family believes that an individual must have
religious values for a decent life (variable 25), Cultural values of our religious
community motivates me to pursue higher education (variable 2) have all been pooled
under factor 2. This is the most interesting result. It establishes the fact that in the
perception of an individual religion is a facilitating factor for participation in higher
Under Factor- 2 religion is considered in many ways as a strength for the
Muslim community for higher studies. Belief of a family that religious values and
decent life go together is quite significant. Cultural values of Muslims are important in
motivating individual to pursue higher education. At the level of religious community
there is premium attached with higher studies. The progressive role of
Madarsa/school education is accepted in helping to join higher education. We had
thought this to be barrier, but to our surprise it turns out to be strength in various
ways for participation in higher education.
The third factor pools four variables together. Higher education is an
investment good that have high future returns (variable 7), higher education is as
necessary as any other consumption good necessary for the survival (variable 8),
higher education is necessary for a good marriage (variable 11), higher education
provides the prestige that I need to have (variable 9). These variables point to the
returns from higher education. Higher education provides an opportunity that an
individual is expected to exploit. There are economic returns from investment. Higher
education as consumption good is considered necessary for survival. Higher education
has social return as it facilitates good marriage and earns prestige in the society.
Thus, there is the income barrier in terms of following the family profession and
compulsion to earn early. Against this barrier, is the opportunity to get high returns
by investing in higher education. It is thus the interplay of two factors – cost subject to
the income constraint and returns subject to the availability of finance – that to a great
extent determines the participation of Muslims in higher education. Among the five variables under fourth factor, there are two variables with high
factor loadings. They are: (i) higher participation at the school level only will lead to
higher participation at higher education level (variable 13), (ii) I am confident that my
marks will be high to get me into higher education (variable 14).Other variables with
low factor loadings can be ignored. This factor may be termed as school factor. Higher
participation as well as high marks i.e both access with quality education – at school
level will ensure high participation of Muslims in higher education.
The mathematical factor analysis has provided way to simplify the complexity of
the data that reflects the real world.
Continuing traditional profession compelling to join the job market (Income
barrier) emerges as the main factor for low participation in higher education.
Expectation of social and economic return from higher education (opportunity for
return) emerges as the main motivating factor for the participation of Muslims in
higher education. School factor, on the other hand, shows that not only the proportion
of eligible but also the performance at secondary school level is necessary for higher
participation. It is important to note that religion in the perception of students plays a
positive role and, therefore, Madarsas need to be modernized, mainstreamed and
supported at par with any secondary schools in India, particularly so in the regions
which have Muslim Concentrated Population.
Tag Archives: Welfare
'Minority ministry should strive to utilise all its funds'
By Syed Amin Jaferi
The Union ministry of minority affairs has sought a massive eight-fold increase in the Plan outlay for welfare of minorities during the 12th Five-Year Plan (2012-17). The outlay projected for the 12th Plan is a whopping cRs 8,589 crore, compared to Rs 7,000 crore in the 11th Plan (2007-12).
The ministry formulated the proposals for 12th Plan on the basis of the recommendations of the Working Group on Empowerment of Minorities and forwarded the same to the Planning Commission in December 2011. The Planning Commission is yet to finalise the outlay for the 12th Plan. The annual Plan outlay for 2012-13, the first year of the 12th Plan period, was finalized on ad hoc basis in February 2012 and the ministry has been allocated Rs 3,135 crore in the Union Budget.
The 12th Plan proposals of the ministry envisage huge step-up in allocations for the existing 12 schemes and big outlays for the 10 new schemes that are proposed to be implemented during the plan period. A massive outlay of Rs 28,275 crore is envisaged for the four scholarship schemes, including Rs 12,267 crore for pre-matric scholarships, Rs 13,038 crore for post-matric scholarships, Rs 2,353 crore for merit-cum-means scholarships for professional and technical courses and Rs 617 crore for Maulana Azad National Fellowships. Another Rs 23,380 crore has been projected for the Multi-Sectoral Development Programme (MSDP) for 169 minority concentration districts (MCDs).
Other projected allocations include Rs 750 crore towards grants-in-aid for Maulana Azad Education, Rs 1,075 crore for equity investment in National Minorities Development & Finance Corporation (NMDFC), Rs 184 crore for free coaching and allied schemes, Rs 250 crore for research studies and publicity, Rs 25 crore for state channelizing agencies, Rs 75 crore for scheme for leadership development of minority women and Rs 6 crore for computerization of records of state wakf boards.
For the 10 new schemes, the projected allocations include Rs 3,000 crore for scheme for promotion of education in 100 minority concentration towns/cities, Rs 500 crore for development of minority concentration villages not covered by MSDP, Rs 163 crore for free cycles for girl students of Class IX, Rs 75 crore for assistance to students clearing prelims under Civil services examinations, Rs 100 crore for skill development initiatives, Rs 90 crore for support to district level institutions in MCDs, Rs 25 crore for scheme of interest subsidy on educational loans for overseas studies, Rs 90 crore for strengthening of state wakf boards, Rs 35 crore for GPS for wakf properties, and Rs 20 crore for scheme for containing population decline of Parsi community.
All these proposals and projections for the 12th Plan appear ambitious but necessary, given the enormity of task of ensuring the educational and economic development of the minorities, namely, Muslims, Christians, Sikhs and Buddhists, who account for 18.4 percent (22.26 crore) out of India's 2011 census population of 121 crore. The per capita plan outlay for minorities, thus, works out to a measly Rs 2,632 during 12th Plan (or Rs 526 per annum).
As stated earlier, the Planning Commission is yet to finalise the allocations for the ministry of minority affairs for the 12th Plan. Since a meager allocation of Rs 3,135 crore has been made in the first year of the plan, the annual allocations have to be raised to an average of Rs 13,863 crore in each of the remaining four years (2013-14 to 2012-17). This definitely seems to be a tall order, given the propensity of the ministry to under-spend the budgetary allocations made in the last five years (11th Plan period) and surrendering of the unspent funds to the government.
The 26th report of the Standing Committee on Social Justice and Empowerment on the demands of the ministry of minority affairs for 2012-13 makes scathing observations about the performance of the ministry during the 11th Plan period. Though the Planning Commission had originally approved an outlay of Rs 7,000 crore for the ministry, the budgetary allocations over the five-year period (2007-12) amounted to Rs 8,690 crore. The ministry could spend only Rs 6,826 crore (78%) of the allocations and surrendered a whopping amount of Rs 1,864 crore during the five-year period.
The Standing Committee, while expressing serious concern over the trend of under-utilization of funds, asked the ministry to analyze the implementation of various schemes so as to ensure that the budgetary allocations are effectively utilized and the schemes are implemented in proper way. The Committee hoped that the ministry would strive hard to achieve 100% utilisation of funds allocated for the year 2012-13 which have been increased to Rs 3135 crore for all their schemes and programmes.
Government committed to welfare of minorities: Khurshid
Minorities Affairs Minister Salman Khurshid said the government was committed to the welfare of minorities in India as the government Friday began monitoring the implementation of the schemes launched for the purpose.
"We must understand the ground reality of these areas to take necessary steps. The government is committed to uplifting the minority communities and it is important to monitor the schemes launched for this purpose," Khurshid said.
He was speaking to reporters here after he inaugurated a two-day workshop on how to monitor the implementation of the programmes.
The government has initiated development projects and schemes in 150 minority concentration districts of the country as part of the the Prime Minister's 15-Point Programme for the welfare of minorities that includes enhancing opportunities for education.
The minister admitted that there were complaints about the implementation of such schemes. "But one cannot say that nothing has happened. A lot still needs to be done."
He said the government in 2010 gave out six million scholarships to the students of minority communities, particularly Muslims.
"Besides that, more than 750 fellowships were issued by (the University Grants Commission) UGC for students belonging to the minority community. In the next two years, we are planning to give around one crore scholarships."
India is home to the third largest Muslim population in the world after Indonesia and Pakistan.
Of the country's 1.2 billion population, Muslims are the largest minority at 14 percent followed by Christians at 2.3 percent, Sikhs at 1.9 percent, Buddhists at 0.8 percent, Jains at 0.4 percent and others, including Parsis, at 0.6 percent.
Source : http://mangalorean.com/news.php?newstype=local&newsid=250180
Himachal Pradesh: Skill Development Projects to uplift minority community
The State Government is implementing two Skill Development Projects to impart training to the minority youth. Stating this in a meeting here today, Director, Rural Development, Dr. R.N. Batta, said that these projects would be implemented in district Chamba, Sirmaur, Bilaspur, Hamirpur and Una by HIMCON and IL&FS respectively.
Dr. Batta was presiding over a meeting regarding upliftment of minority community. He said that the minority youth would be imparted skill training under both these projects and the willing candidates could submit simple application to the Director, Rural Development Department, S.D.A. Complex, Block No. 27, Kasumpti, Shimla-9. He said that the training would be imparted free of cost on the basis of their educational qualification and market/area needs.
Present in the meeting were Dr. Purnima Chauhan, Director, Urban Development, Shri V.K. Modgil, Deputy Director, Social Justice and Empowerment Department, Shri Devender Singh, Deputy Director, Technical Education Department, Sundernanagr, District Mandi, Dr. R.K. Anand, SMS (AH) Rural Development Department, Shri Mustak Qureshi, Non-official Member, Minorities Commission, Shri Surinder Singh Saini, Non-official Member, Minorities Commission, Shri N.L. Sharma, Chief Manager, HIMCON, Shri Ashish Agarwal, IL&FS, Chandigarh and Shri Ranjan Anand, A4e India Pvt. Ltd..
"Minorities in Himachal unaware of welfare schemes'
Most people belonging to the minority communities in Himachal Pradesh are unaware of the various developmental schemes instituted by the centre, a member of the Minority Commission of India said here today.
"Most of them are unaware of various schemes including the scholarship schemes for students and loan schemes for people belonging to minority communities," S Angmo, member of the Minority Commission of India told PTI.
She said the state department of social justice and empowerment must work hard to make people aware of these schemes so that these communities can benefit.
"15 of the 15 point plan is being spent for the development of the minorities, so that they can get the equal opportunities," Angmo said, adding that she will recommend setting up of a branch of the Minorities Finance commission at Dharamsala.
At present there is only one branch in Himachal Pradesh at Shimla.
She said mobile schools and hostels should be built in the remote areas of the state for the minorities.
Representatives of various minority communities including Sikhs, Buddhists, Muslims and Christians met Angmo here.
While members of the Christian community raised the demand to take the Christ Church of Shimla under World Heritage, the Buddhists emphasised the need to include Bhoti language in the 8th schedule.
Bhoti is spoken in Arunachal Pradesh, Ladakh region of Jammu and Kashmir and Lahoul-Spiti region of Himachal Pradesh.
Source : http://news.in.msn.com/national/article.aspx?cp-documentid=4960505
Welfare of minorities discussed
The Zakat Foundation of India (ZFI) organized here on Wednesday fifth of its series of 14 national workshops on `Economic Empowerment of the Deprived Through Timely Information and its Utilization .
The twin objectives of the workshop were to create awareness amongst the participants about umpteen schemes launched by the government for the welfare of minority communities and imparting training on how to make best use of Right to Information Act to monitor the implementation of these schemes.
Noted social activist from Maharashtra Nisar Ahmad Tamboli explained at length the various schemes, Acts, policies, funds, institutions, courses, scholarships etc available for the minorities at the Central and state levels.
In his inaugural address, ZFI joint secretary Mumtaz Najmi threw light on the issues faced by the minority communities. He discussed in detail the ZFI s RTI action driven discovery of the non-implementation of the PM s new 15-Point Programme for the welfare of minorities and the report of the PM s High Level Committee on Muslims (Sachar Committee).
He drew the participants attention to the Sachar Committee s observation that electoral constituencies with high Muslim and low Scheduled Castes (SCs) population have been reserved for the SCs. On the other hand, there is another set of constituencies with high SC and low Muslim population which have not been reserved for SCs.
Kerala to set up department for welfare of minorities
THIRUVANANTHAPURAM: The State Cabinet has decided to constitute a department for the welfare of minorities.
The Cabinet, which held a late evening meeting here on Wednesday, also decided to create the necessary posts. The decision is a follow-up on the Paloli Committee recommendations for the implementation of the Sachar Committee Report in the State. The State had earlier created a separate cell for minority welfare. The present decision is to upgrade it to the status of a full-fledged department.
Briefing reporters after the Cabinet meeting, which paid tributes to former Chief Minister K. Karunakaran, Chief Minister V.S. Achuthanandan said the Cabinet had also approved the Bill for constituting a State Minorities Commission as directed by the Central government.
The meeting decided to extend by six months the moratorium on revenue recovery measures relating to loans taken by fisher folk from private money-lending institutions and individuals. It further decided to make it mandatory for high-tension and extra high-tension power consumers to subject themselves to energy audit every three years under the provisions of the Kerala State Energy Conservation Act, 2001.
The Cabinet gave clearance for acquisition of 1,020 acres of land for widening the Kottayam-Kumarakom Road and decided to pay an ex-gratia of Rs.5 lakh to the next of kin of sub-inspector Rajan, who died on duty, and to give out-of-turn employment to his dependent. It also approved a proposal to enhance by 50 per cent the monthly allowance being paid to members of the royal family of the erstwhile kingdom of Kochi.
On the allegations of corruption against former Chief Justice of India K.G. Balakrishnan's kin P.V. Srinijan, the Chief Minister said persons in high judicial offices should be above errors and mistakes.
Source : http://hindu.com/2010/12/30/stories/2010123059370100.htm
Skill development plan for minorities
By Ruhi Tewari
India is planning to start a programme to impart skills to the poor among minority communities that will lead to job opportunities.
The project targeting youth from poor families will be a joint effort of the rural development and minority affairs ministries.
A pilot project, which will focus initially on districts that have large populations from the minority communities, is expected to be taken up in the fiscal starting 1 April 2011. It will pay special attention to those who have not received any formal education.
"The programme will provide impetus to provide gainful employment to the underprivileged," said C.P. Joshi, minister for rural development.
Joshi and Salman Khursheed, minister for minority affairs, met on Tuesday to discuss the proposal. Khursheed said his ministry welcomed this initiative by the rural development ministry.
The proposed project will use the curriculum and methodology of the national open schools (NOS). Established in 1989, NOS provides vocational, life enrichment and community-oriented courses, besides general and academic programme at secondary and senior secondary levels.
The project will then follow up with skill-development programmes for two months. This, the ministries hope, will eventually lead to placement opportunities for the target communities.
This initiative to assist minority communities in enhancing living standards is in tune with the ruling Congress party's poll promise of empowering the weaker sections of society.
To view original, Click here
4 years after Sachar report: Are Muslims better off?
By Abusaleh Shariff in Outlook
It is essential to begin this essay by emphasising that minorities, including the Muslims, maintain aspirations and seek opportunities for development like any other community in India. Yet an empirical review suggests that Muslims are lagging practically in all spheres of development, including education, employment, income, assets and so on. There have been efforts by both the Centre and state governments to overcome deprivation amongst the Muslims across India, but a quick review of outcomes suggest little improvement. There is a need for durable changes, a recognition that deprivation amongst the minorities/Muslims exists due to systemic causes which can be set right only through broad-based public policy initiatives, not just through special purpose vehicles such as the minority/Muslim-oriented programmes; in fact, it would be best to assist them to strive to access their share within the mainstream line of ministries, departments and programmes.
India, through the 73rd and 74th constitutional amendment, has made a strong sociopolitical statement of its arrival as a mature democracy, championing multi-layered decentralised governance, sharing substantial powers and a national pool of resources with the states. Further, the enduring canons of governance and economic development are grounded in the principles of socialism, inclusiveness and secularism and fully conscious of regional imbalance.
Like the other main communities of India, the Muslims should have been able to pursue social, economic and educational aspirations within the framework and support of state-provided infrastructure, opportunities and political awakenings. One expects that the 'diversity' natural to our population would be reflected in public spheres such as in educational institutions, public and organised sector employment, political systems and governance structures at all levels. Yet, in spite of the fact that practically all social, educational and economic spheres of living are governed and regulated by the states, one finds substantial differences (often unacceptable levels) between varied social groups and across states. Such differentials are prominent in spite of special constitutional provisions bestowed upon the minorities since Independence.
Over 150 million citizens, just about 14 per cent of all Indians, profess Islam as their religion and reside in all parts of India. Muslims are the largest (80 per cent) of all the identified minorities. They reside in substantial numbers and proportions in states such as Assam, West Bengal, Kerala, UP and Bihar, Gujarat, Maharashtra and so on. There are examples and best practices found within India. Consider the states of Kerala, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu, all have devised policies favouring Muslims at two levels. Muslims here have relatively better access to quality mass education (both elementary and higher level) and employment; and given the history of relative deprivation of the Muslims, the states have extended the benefit of reservations in a certain measure of fractional-proportions linked to their size and share in the population. Such quotas are enabling Muslim girls and boys to catch up with their peers amongst the Hindus and Christians, both in education and employment. Similar provisions enable Muslims to participate even in the political spaces. AP has made a beginning by promoting a system of 'co-option' or 'nomination' system to the mandals, zila parishads and municipalities/nagar panchayats (AP Panchayat Act, 2006).Maintaining diversity in public spheres is essential. When this does not happen naturally, it has to be made to happen through government intervention. Legislation can be one way (the mechanism is to remind the government and the institutions that ensuring diversity is their responsibility). Diversity can also be assured by offering incentives/credits to government departments, institutions, universities and so on. Another means is to provide institutional access to citizen representatives (including those from the minorities) to ensure 'equity' in the public sphere. An 'Equal Opportunities Commission' will go a long way in both ensuring diversity as a key state objective, and also as an institution to enforce redressal.
The Centre has made some efforts during the past 3-4 years to address various aspects of Muslim deprivation. Under the revised 15-point programme, a special investment programme is on in about 100 minority concentration districts (MCDs); exclusive scholarships have been announced for the first time to cover minorities, both in elementary and at higher levels of education. The RBI is consistently sending memos to public sector banks to increase funding to applicants from the minorities and so on. However, a review of all the above suggest that the MCD programme has not even made a presence in many states like West Bengal, Assam, Bihar, Jharkhand and Gujarat. The overall utilisation is less than 20 per cent of the total funds earmarked for the programme since inception. Similarly, the scholarship programme, although very popular, is able to cover only a fraction of total applicants. And it appears that the public sector banks have not even taken note of the repeated requests by the RBI, a matter of utmost concern.
The larger malice of exclusion has to be fought unitedly by all 'regular-line departments' and ministries at the national and state levels. It also needs collaboration and partnership with civil society and private institutional structures. Will a separate ministry ensure the implementation of the over 300 programmes that aim to alleviate poverty and improve human development, promote inclusiveness of the excluded, whether they be SCs, STs or Muslims?
In the absence of any timeline, programme-specific implementative strategy and clarity on monitoring mechanisms, no results will be forthcoming. It is important to mention here that a flat policy of earmarking 15 per cent of budgetary allocations to favour the minorities is not implementable. Rather, the service delivery procedures must use population shares at the "programme-specified operational levels" such as the district, taluka and block levels so as to ensure maximum coverage and provide a sense of equity. The early euphoria and expectations are dying out. UPA-1 took many initiatives to diagnose the problem; now UPA-2 must ensure that inclusive policies are actually implemented before the people at large become disappointed. I only hope that government procrastination on issues related to Muslims does not lead to frustration.
(The author is an economist who oversaw the writing of the Sachar Commission report.)
To view original, Click here
An Unequal Opportunity Commission
By Farah Naqvi in The Hindu
Justice Rajinder Sachar presenting the Sachar Committee report to the Prime Minister Manmohan Singh. Media reports tell us that the Ministry of Minority Affairs is reluctantly re-drafting the framework for the next session of Parliament. File Photo: R.V. Moorthy
The GoM's decision that an EOC should exist only for the minorities is bad for Muslims, bad for a secular polity and bad for all other deprived and discriminated groups.
An Equal Opportunity Commission that protects only a chosen (albeit highly unequal) few. This contradiction in terms is the considered wisdom of a Group of Ministers (GoM), recently constituted to study the potentially seminal anti-discrimination measure. Only in India, where we excel in bursting forth with good ideas only to rapidly lose the plot, would someone propose an idea as critical as an Equal Opportunity Commission and proceed to kill it at birth with blatant inequality. The GoM has decided that an EOC should exist only for the minorities ( generally seen as a euphemism for Muslims who officially constitute over 70 per cent of the minority population). This decision is bad for Muslims, bad for a secular polity and bad for all other deprived and discriminated groups.
The Sachar Committee, set up to study the social, economic and educational status of Muslims proposed in 2006 an Equal Opportunity Commission to provide a remedy against discrimination. President Pratibha Patil's speech of June 4, 2009 subsequently committed UPA-II to setting it up. In the meantime, in impressively rapid action, a framework for an EOC had already been prepared in February 2008 by an experts group constituted by the Ministry of Minority Affairs. While the framework and the draft bill itself are extremely weak (more on that later), the point here is that it was made clear that an EOC should cover all deprived and discriminated groups.
The GoM's logic is worrisome. One, we are told that since the idea of an EOC emerged from the Sachar report, which looked at Muslims, the EOC must logically confine itself to the 'minorities'. This is like saying that if suggestions for vital legal reforms emanate from the experience of violence against Christians in Kandhamal, the legal provisions must be applied only to Christians or to Orissa, not to other groups who may suffer mass targeted violence. It is both plain silly and blatantly unfair. The other logic is that an EOC covering discrimination against all groups would overlap with the roles of existing commissions — the National Commission for Minorities (NCM), the National Commission for Women, the National Commission for Scheduled Castes, the National Commission for Scheduled Tribes, etc. Well, by that logic 'minorities' are covered by the NCM and so an EOC should be a non-starter. But if it is a good idea for the minorities because the existing NCM simply does not fulfil the mandate of providing legal redress for widespread, systemic discrimination, then surely it is a good idea for all.
Media reports tell us that the Ministry of Minority Affairs is reluctantly re-drafting the framework (creating a minorities-only EOC?) for the next session of Parliament. Reluctantly — because from all accounts, Minister for Minority Affairs Salman Khurshid did argue, and rightly so, for an inclusive EOC. But he was clearly in a minority. The damaging political implications of the GoM's decision are too obvious to ignore. If such an EOC comes to life, it will only add arsenal to the spent Hindutva armoury on the "appeasement of minorities" discourse. And UPA-II will rapidly undo all the good UPA-I did on the Muslim front. The targeted empowerment of Muslims through special purpose vehicles, programmes and policies (on which we are doing rather badly at the moment) is absolutely critical, and must be supported. But an EOC exclusively for the minorities must not be.
An EOC, along with appropriate anti-discrimination legislation, is desperately needed across the board to strengthen the social justice agenda. Discrimination at every step, in all walks of life actively thwarts the UPA's stated goal of 'inclusion'. It prevents Dalits, Muslims, the other minorities, the physically challenged, women and the sexual minorities, among others, from partaking equally of development. It is alarming that in a country where ascriptive identity is the basis for routine discrimination, we have no anti-discrimination legislation or an EOC.
Anti-discrimination legislation and policies must protect against all kinds of discrimination. And must cover multiple spheres of discrimination — in employment (including MNREGS job cards), in education, in giving loans, in allotment of homes, in provision of public services. Other countries, with far fewer endemic, deep-rooted, discriminatory societal norms, often have more than a single anti-discrimination law and multiple mechanisms to protect against a range of discriminations based on gender, race, ethnicity and so on. India, barring the SC/ST Act, which is limited to certain defined "atrocities," has none. (Even the SC/ST Act, for instance, provides no legal redress to a Dalit who suddenly confronts a 'houseful' sign at the time of school admission only to have the non-Dalit child next in line skip through the front door, or who performs so well in the interview but still 'mysteriously' fails to get selected for that job).
This brings us to the next problem with the proposed EOC. The experts group, headed by Professor Madhava Menon, has covered many important bases. It speaks of including all groups, and covering both the public and private sectors. But it has essentially proposed yet another toothless institution. "The EOC should focus on advisory, advocacy, and auditing functions rather than grievance redress," says the report. Yawn. So, what's the point? This is just another way of saying the EOC will stomp around a whole lot essentially to stand very still. Because it can provide little effective remedy to a victim of discrimination. That is the core problem. The experts group's framework has focussed more on equal opportunity in broad strokes — suggesting research, codes of good practice, institutional audits, advocacy and advisory functions, and less on actually prohibiting discrimination through strong implementation mechanisms. The draft bill has even failed to state the obvious — that 'discrimination is illegal.' Why? Because, according to the proposed bill "discrimination against any citizen on grounds only of religion, race, caste, sex, or place of birth is expressly forbidden by the Constitution itself. Arbitrariness is against the spirit of equal opportunity. There is therefore no need for a separate anti-discrimination law to afford equal opportunity to citizens …"
Now the Constitution is a wonderful document, and its multiple guarantees give endless hope. But if the mere existence of all the Right to Equality mantras enshrined in the Constitution were enough to determine an equal nation, India would be a paradise. It's not. Since prohibition of discrimination should be at the core of the proposed EOC, it must say so in plain words. Even the Constitution — Article 15 — expressly on the prohibition of discrimination only says, 'The state shall not discriminate against any citizen on grounds only of religion, race, caste, sex, place of birth or any of them …' It does not refer to private enterprises, or to a range of other ascriptive identities on the basis of which discrimination may take place.
Prohibiting discrimination and creating equal opportunity conditions — both are needed. One without the other will not work. This is India. Discrimination runs deep. So let the nation re-examine the proposed EOC. Revise the draft bill, create strong legal deterrence against discrimination and then do what's right for all our citizens. Give them an anti-discrimination law and an institution that can implement it. We cannot legislate against bias and prejudice in the hearts and minds of people, but we can and we must legislate against discrimination in how the fruits of development are distributed among the citizens.
(Farah Naqvi is a writer and activist working on minority rights and gender rights.)
To view original , Click here


text:
Warner Anderson doesn't have any movies playing in theaters.
If you feel like heading out, check out other movies in theaters.
Drum Beat
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Only the Valiant
All Warner Anderson films

subset: commoncrawl


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i am thinking about building a new bike and was wondering if the zee group is too much for an AM build.
does anyone have a zee crank with a chainring of 30 or 32 teeth? i see them sold with 34t.
will shimano ever make a spider less crankset??
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text: Coldplay Up Close ArticlesNews October 11, 2011 3:30 PM EDT 0 0 0 _ _ Chart Article _ _ 'Mylo Xyloto' Track-By-Track Our song-by-song review of Coldplay's new opus. _ Coldplay: The Billboard Cover Story Go inside the making of 'Mylo Xyloto.' _ Chris Martin Q&A "I always feel like each record is our last," the singer says. Coldplay In Photos The band onstage and off. Coldplay's Rihanna Collab RiRi Sings on 'Princess' The 'Paradise' Video Elephant and all. REVIEWS Our Single Review of Coldplay's 'Paradise' LIVE Coldplay Mourns R.E.M. Breakup: Watch LIVE Coldplay Brings Heat to iHeartRadio Fest in Vegas LIVE Coldplay Covers Amy Winehouse in Live Tribute LIVE Coldplay Rocks Lollapalooza Now Playing On: Find out when exclusive content, reserved tickets and backstage passes become available for your favorite concerts. facebook Print Tagged Coldplay, Mylo Xyloto, Chris Martin, Arts, Creativity, Music, Major Minus, Hurts Like Heaven, Entertainment, Human Interest View the discussion thread.


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8 ways music breeds better kids
Introducing your child to music education at a young age offers an incredible array of developmental benefits. more
Bathing your newborn is one of the first big challenges for new parents. You can feel more confident bathing your slippery, wet baby in the bath when you have the best bath products for the job. Discover everything you need from a great baby bath to TubGuards (to save your knees and elbows!) so you and your baby can enjoy bath time each day.
Last revised: Thursday, 16 July 2009
This article contains general information only and is not intended to replace advice from a qualified health professional.


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Notice: On March 31, it was announced that Statalist is moving from an email list to a forum. The old list will shut down on April 23, and its replacement, statalist.org is already up and running.
[Date Prev][Date Next][Thread Prev][Thread Next][Date Index][Thread Index]
Re: st: pseudo panels implementation in Stata
Richard Williams <email@example.com>
email@example.com, <firstname.lastname@example.com>
Re: st: pseudo panels implementation in Stata
Sat, 28 Apr 2012 22:31:00 -0500
At 07:59 PM 4/28/2012, Henrique Neder wrote:
Hello all,
Has anybody knows any code in Stata that deals with pseudo panels? I am
trying to work with some dynamic panel models using repeated cross section
data that are cluster samples. I had read the important paper from Verbeek
("Pseudo Panels and repeated cross-sections" and "Estimating Dynamic Models
from Repeated Cross-sections" ) but nothing implemented empirically in this
direction. Surprisingly, it appears that there are no much development in
this field. An important question discussed in these papers is that pseudo
panels are nothing more than models with IV were the instruments are dummy
variables referring to the cohorts. In these sense my intuition is that
the most of the Stata resources dealing with panel data models (and
particularly with dynamic panel models), like xtreg, xtabond, xtabond2,
could be used directed for pseudo panels, with the pertinent cautions.
Any comments are welcome.
Others no doubt know much more about this than I do, but how does one
create a panel if each case is only measured at one point in time?
Unless, say, you aggregated data up to the country level or something
like that.
My own impulse would be to include dummy variables for time and
possibly interactions for time, and then just use commands like
regress and logit. But, given that somebody has written papers on
these topics - which, alas, are kind of hard to look up because we
don't have complete citations for them (hint, hint) - maybe there are
options I am not aware of.
Richard Williams, Notre Dame Dept of Sociology
EMAIL: firstname.lastname@example.com
WWW: http://www.nd.edu/~rwilliam
* For searches and help try:
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From | "Noel J. Bergman" <n...@devtech.com> |
Subject | RE: [OT] How to prevent abusing Apache priviliges |
Date | Tue, 19 Oct 2004 03:31:15 GMT |
Niclas Hedhman wrote: > there is very little in OSS that needs the secrecy Most people would certainly agree on that issue. Roy makes a habit of poking at people for having threads on a PMC list that should be on a public one. > Other people in ASF is obviously of a different opinion, as my > bashing on community@ some weeks ago made brutally obvious. The issue in that case was nothing more than criticizing you for a violation of basic netiquette: you don't take someone's private message and post it on a public forum without first discussing it with the author(s). --- Noel --------------------------------------------------------------------- To unsubscribe, e-mail: email@example.com For additional commands, e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com | |
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All specifications same as PBM_11,but fitted with 150mm round screen and detachable graduated meachanical stage. Ach.Objective : 5x,10x,45x Huy. Eye pieces : 10x,15x Magnification : 50x to 675x
Prod ID: PBM-11A
For dissection inspection uses for student of Biology, Comprising of light weight sturdy base, straight Binocular Head having interpupillary adjustment, focussing by rack pinion complete in a storing cabinet. Ach. Objective 2x or 3x (fixed) Huy. Eye pieces l0x & 15x Magnification 30x to 45 x
Prod ID: BSM-1
As above but with transillumination base suitable for artificial transmitted light with detachable elbow hand rest.
Prod ID: BSM-1A
(Triple Purpose) Self contained portable triple purpose microslide projector for horizontal projection of permamently mounted specimens on wall screen also on the table surface for drawings and for projection of living specimens in liquid. Equipped with a 6 volts 20 watts Halogen bulb. Specimen stage 4" x 4" and an improved objective system for better resolution and brilliant projection.
Prod ID: BP-55
(a) Eyepiece WF 10x or WF 15x (b) Eyepiece H 5x or H 10x or H 15x (c) Spare Ach. Objectives 4x or 5x (d) Spare Ach. Objectives 10x (e) Spare Ach. Objective 40x SL (f) Spare Halogen Bulb 6V 20 W (g) Spare Bulbs 15 watts/220V. (h) Wooden Storing Cabinet with Lock for Student & Medical Microscopes. (i) Replaceable, graduated drawtube. (j) Detachable Mechanical Stage. (k) Observation tube, inclined at 45° for medical microscope.
Monocular observation head incline at 45°, rotatable through 360°, optical tube length 160mm, quadruple nosepiece having positive click stops, precise graduated slow motion knobs and separate coarse motion knobs, fixed square stage 115x115mm with stage clips, condenser unit having rackpinion movement with Iris diaphragm filter holder and adjustable 50mm Piano-Concave mirror. Packed in wooden storing cabinet with vinylcover, duster, cleaning brush, filter etc. Ach. Objective : 5x-10x & 45xSL Huy. Eye pieces : 5x-l0x-15x Macinification : 50x to 600x
Prod ID: BM-600
Binocular observation head inclined at 45°, rotatable through 360°, optical tube length 160mm, quadruple nosepiece having positive click stops,precise graduated slow motion knobs and separate coarse motion knobs, fixed square stage 115x115mm with detachable graduated mechanical stage, condenser unit having rack-pinion movement with Iris diaphragm and filter holder. Adjustable 50mm Piano-Concave mirror interchangeable with sub-stage illuminator 220 / 11OV-15W. Packed in wooden storing cabinet with vinyl cover, duster, cleaning brush, filter etc. Ach. Objective : 5x-10x & 40xSL Huy Eye pieces : 5x-10x&15x(Pair) Magnification : 25x to 600x.
Prod ID: BM-600B
(a) Detachable Mechanical Stage. (b) Coaxial Mechanical Stage. (c) Sub-Stage Lamp 15W/110/22OV. (d) Sub-Stage Lamp 15W Halogen with variable control transformer. (e) Built-in light base 20W Halogen. (f) Ach. Objective 100x Oil Immersion. (g) Eyepiece WF 10x or WF 15x


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Mizelle: Transmutations and Metamorphoses; Ford, Rosauro, Mizelle, etc. / Michael Udow, University of Michigan Percussion Ensemble1 CD / Equilibrium / 2009-01-13 Works: Mark Ford: Stubernic, for 3 players on 1 marimba; Roshanne Etezady: Feast or Famine, for marimba & percussion ensemble; Daniel Levitan: Concerto for marimba & percussion orchestra; Ney Rosauro: Tocca...Performers: Azuma, Tomoko; Barudin, Jeffrey; Berry, Mary [Percussion]; Bordeleau, Jay; Cheng, Ya-Chi; Craig, Kenneth; DeSena, Daniel; Dowell, Andre; Fineberg, Daniel; Glenn, Ron; Hansen, Elizabeth; Harkins, Paul... Conductors: Udow, Michael Ensemble: University of Michigan Percussion Ensemble Three of the composers whose music is represented on this disc of works for percussion ensemble are themselves noted percussionists (Ford, Levitan and Rosauro). The...continue... read more
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Michael Udow: Timelines, etc1 CD / Equilibrium / 2009-01-13 Works: Michael Udow: Timelines, for solo percussionist & percussion ensemble; White Dwarf, for mezzo-soprano, tuba & 4 percussionists; Toyama, for any multiple of 2 players on unspecified instruments; Schiz...Performers: Abel, Alan; Baldauff, Brian; Beck, Elliot; Beck, John [Rock]; Biniker, Samantha; Burt, Paula; Cahn, Ruth; Cahn, William; Cheng, Ya-Chi; Cheung, Pius; Daimo, Eriko; Ding, Ian; Dowell, Andre; Froh, Chr... Conductors: Udow, Michael Ensemble: University of Michigan Percussion Ensemble This recording continues the Equilibriun series documenting the percussion ensemble works of Michael Udow. A famed percussionist, Udow teaches at the University of Michigan and...continue... read more
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If the game freezes, just click inside it (games can get unresponsive if you click elsewhere on the page).
Yes |
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Merry Christmas everyone! Enjoy your winter holidays and the magical atmosphere. This game will help you generate some great Christmas outfit ideas. Choose from a variety of clothes and cute accessories. Have fun!


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Active inclusion of young people with health problems or disabilities - Executive summary
This Eurofound study examines the situation of young people with health problems or disabilities in 11 countries and at EU level, with an emphasis on assessing the implementation of active inclusion policy at national level. National reports for Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Ireland, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Spain, and the United Kingdom are available, as well as an overview report - see Related content.
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- Just back from a holiday in New Zealand. When visiting Auckland I took
the opportunity to have a pleasant afternoon with Mike Nixon. Good to
see him on the mend and experimenting with new ideas. I gather he has
handed the day to day matters of the Amphora society to Mike McCaw who
is based in the U.S. while he will concentrate on research and
They have a new web page with additional distilling equipment such as
boilers which should be handy for the North American market.
Check it out for high end home distilling books and equipment -


text:
No trailer is available
Nice little challenging level.. and once more, not an LBP3 gadget in sight :)
great work
Epic Maze!
[Classical LBP] T=??? B=TTE M=LB1(PGI,WEI) H=GAS,SPI,SQU C=INF D=MED L=4m00s(5mins) Pd=1-4(1) Pl=NOD Po=NOD $Darkside Castle @chicoleunis F=2010-11-13 R=2016-06-26 v2.51
There is couple thing i loved. Moving platforms and challenges. And how i end up getting at the beggining 3 times! Loved it!
very fun and nice game play
Very nice level :)


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What did I just eat a Sichuan Garden?
- 16 Comments
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So, um, I ordered the dried chengdu chicken, very spicy, but the waiter told me that was a mild dish and I should order some other chicken. I think he might have said Chungking?! so, anyway, out comes this dish covered in small red chilis, some hot chili oil, and ground schechuan peppercorns. It actually looks kinda funny; the waiter smirks at me, and the other guy near the front laughs too, and the watier says "Extra EXTRA spicy," and walks away smiling.
It was really good. Just crispy chicken covered in a ton of hot stuff. Not THAT hot though...not like pasta from hell hot.
I don't know, but I want some!
Reminds me of a dish I had at the short-lived branch of Zoe's in Brookline - I think the English name was something simple like "Chicken with hot peppers." It was about 1/3 diced stir-fried chicken (well-seasoned), 1/3 dried hot red peppers and 1/3 chopped fresh green semi-hot peppers. Yum!
re: BobB
I had a dish just like that from Sichuan Garden in Woburn the other night. Small pieces of chicken in a hot oil type dry sauce. Chopped green semi-hot peppers and tons of dried hot peppers. They called it ChengDu chicken there. Great to eat thought I took some breaks to cool off. Still hot for the next two days, if you know what I mean.
re: raddoc
That sounds alot like the smokey cayenne chicken fish at Sichuan Gourmet
Photo attached:0-
re: hargau
Something like that, but with smaller pieces and a LOT more red pepper!
re: Luther
Yes, that was it. Must have been.
Definitely Chongqing spicy chicken (Chongqing la-zi ji). Described by a friend of mine as "Popeye's on crack." Painful, and I just can't stop eating it.
0 -
I think I've had the same dish from the Chinese lunch truck in Tech Square, Cambridge. Dry Hot Chicken may be the English translation. Chinese name is something like what people said already. I even squirt extra hot sauce on it. God, am I wasted...
re: raddoc
Dry Hot Chicken (la-zi ji) is a fairly common dish which you'll see in a variety of places (even Qingdao Garden, where blow-your-head-off chili is not the strength). The picture is of the Chengdu chicken, not the Chongqing. I haven't seen anything like Sichuan Garden's Chongqing lazi ji anywhere in the northeast US (though I can't say I was poking around that part of the menu extensively when I was at Grand Sichuan in NYC).
re: Dr.Jimbob
Chongqing chicken is not on their menu, does one just ask for it?
re: raddoc
Chongqing la-zi ji is on the Chinese language only menu. If you ask for it, they'll act a little surprised, make it clear that you know what you want and you know what you're getting into, and they'll make it for you. Then have various sections of your digestive tract regret it for the next 48 hours ...
I'm confused - what is the difference between the Chengdu and the Chongding? I might be going tonight - any good mild veggie dishes to help balance the humors?
re: twitchology
Well, I had the Chongqing tonight, and was surprised because I didn't think it was very spicy. At first I thought they had misunderstood me and given me the Chengdu, but my receipt showed it was Chongqing. Anyways, I didn't break a sweat, so I wonder if they toned it down or if it's a west-coast palate vs. east-coast palate kind of thing (I've noticed the same thing with Mexican food). I'm not trying to sound boisterous or show off. It was, however, ridiculously tasty. I can never finish a whole plate of Chinese food but I polished this one off. The chicken was nice and crisp, although I wish I had a few big pieces instead of a lot of little pieces so it would taste more chickeny - the spice paste wasn't overwhelming the flavor of the chicken; I tried a few pieces without it and they weren't very flavorful. Anyways, the chili paste was definitely the star of the show. I wish I could put it on my toast in the morning. After this and Mulan, I'm really enthusiastic about being in a town with real Chinese food. I come from Oregon and the offerings there are incredibly feeble.
re: twitchology
Do you eat the peppers themselves when you eat this dish? Without them, it's hot and leaves your lips with a nice numbness, but not unbelievably hot. I got some last night (piqued by the board), and the nice thing about this dish besides the hot, is the garlic, I think. I that how it differs from Cheng Du Dry spice chicken? Also I think the Cheng Du has the diced green chilis in it as well.


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(see also attached .doc) There is an ideal gas in the centrifuge; no flows, everything is steady (not very steady in fact - process is adiabatic). If gas is incompressible, it is very easy: P=0.5 rho (w*r)^2 But my gas is compressible, and it's a trouble. I started from distribution law of Bolzman (with C = Bolzman constant): n=n0 exp(mgx/CT) ,hence d(ln n)=(M * w^2 * r) dr / RT ,where M is molar mass of gas after integrating this equation (also used PV/T=const and PV^k=const) I got: P/P0 = { 1 + (k-1)*Mv^2/(2*R*T0) } ^ [k/(k-1)] ,where k=Cp/Cv v=w*r And now goes the trouble. At low velocities (and low compression ratios) the last equation must transform into the first: deltaP=0.5 rho v^2 / 2 But it doesn't! Using the rule (1+x)^a = 1+a*x ,when x<<1 we have: P/P0 = 1 + k*Mv^2 / 2RT0 deltaP/P0 = k*Mv^2 / 2RT0 deltaP = k*rho*v^2 / 2 ,which is k time larger... :surprised So what is wrong? Or anybody have a ready-for-use formula?
i am interested in the solution, did you find one? FWIW i don't see what Boltzmann's dist has to do with it, can't you just integrate the ideal gas law with an acceleration correction? i think it makes a lot of difference if the centrifuge is open or closed at the top, having the constraint of fixed total mass will probably change the form of the solution.
If this is a steady state situation, isn't the temperature constant? Sure there is a transient adiabatic temp change when the centrifuge starts up, but conduction in the gas will get rid of that in the steady state. So I think you have an ideal gas, with pressure and density varying with radius, and a force dm.r.omega^2 = rho.A.dr.r.omega^2 on the gas between radius r and r+dr.
i think you must have meant to substitute the ideal gas law where one on the centrifugal forces is, as you have it the r.omega^2's just cancel out. another way to say it, the difference in pressure difference across the layer must be caused by the force on the layer (area cancels, i think) so: dP=w.w.r.dm=w.w.r.dr.P/RT integrate over range , P;Po to P and r;0 to r, so P/Po=K.Exp(w.w.r.r/2RT) and with w=0, P=Po so K=1 so P/Po = Exp(w.w.r.r/2RT) does this seem OK?
I was just writng the mass in 2 different ways - sorry if that was confusing. To be pedantic A.dP = w.w.r.dm (what you wrote says "pressure = force" which isn't right) and using dm = rho.dV = rho.A.dr the area cancels out and dP = w.w.r.dr.P/RT


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Yep, I warned you it was coming. One brave little squirrel (Pippi) is back on Smashwords, and another brave little squirrel (Max) is joining her.
Here is the link to The Bravest Squirrel Ever on Smashwords: http://www.smashwords.com/books/view/91932
Here is the link to The Bravest Squirrel in the Forest on Smashwords: http://www.smashwords.com/books/view/167483
The really awesome thing about Smashwords is that the books are available in a format for every e-reader, pdf format if you like to print it out or read it on your computer, or even available for viewing online. But if you have a favorite on-line bookstore, don't worry. The series is still available on Amazon and will soon be available through Barnes and Noble, Kobo, iTunes, Sony and more! Keep checking back for details.


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Take a look at this:
I don't want to be all nationalistic but being Dutch and lived in Amsterdam I miss this so much here in Melbourne:)
Amsterdam Bike Anecdotes
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Amsterdam Bike AnecdotesTake a look at this:
I don't want to be all nationalistic but being Dutch and lived in Amsterdam I miss this so much here in Melbourne:)
Re: Amsterdam Bike AnecdotesMate, don't worry about being nationalistic, if I lived in an area with a bike culture like that I would be telling everyone as well
. . . . . . .
Re: Amsterdam Bike AnecdotesHi Hansel ,
That is a nice bit of video, and shows it can be done.
Re: Amsterdam Bike AnecdotesAmazing cyclist crossings at 4:20-4:25
Great video to show how it can all work. Some of the interactions with cars bring back memories of Italy last spring/summer - reasonable, human, caring attention to fellow road-users. Lovely Lucca - we stayed in the YHA right next to the Basilica San Frediano at 4:53 Riding bikes in traffic - what seems dangerous is usually safe; what seems safe is often more dangerous.
Re: Amsterdam Bike Anecdotes
That music should be mandatory while driving your bike:) I used to take that crossing twice a day. In the video its still quiet...try it when everybody is going to work.
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COMMERCIAL DESCRIPTION Life in Czarist Russia was not nessarily easy and simple for everyone - but the great taste of beer was available to all! Originally brewed to quench the thirst of Peter the Great (Czar Peter I), Tinkov Russian Lager has been served to both royalty and the common worker alike.
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Recipe Cards + Recipe Keeping
Resources and inspiration for creating your own recipe cards or crafts with recipe cards. Includes modern-day recipe keeping tutorials.
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Printable Recipe Binder - so cute and includes lots of free printables!
Organization Binder, Diy Recipe Book Gift, Free Recipe Printable, Recipe Binders, Printables Recipe, Recipe Binder Printable, Diy Recipe Book Ideas, Scrapbook Cookbook, Recipe Book Printable
Recipe binder printables
Recipe book printables
eighteen25: Printable Recipe Binder
Creating a Family Cookbook! All you need to know about creating your own, GREAT tips and resources! Amanda Formaro
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Creating a Family Cookbook @amandaformaro
Creating a family cookbook is a wonderful way to immortalize the favorite recipes and share them with everyone. A family cookbook saves those recipes.
Create a cookbook that has favorite recipes collected from family members and friends, publish it using blurb.com or www.bookemon.com/
Creating a Family Cookbook: Everything you need to know
Beautiful handcarved pine wood recipe box with 50 letterpress recipe cards and nine dividers - available at anthropologie.com
Recipe Box & Cards Collection
DIY Recipe Box Gift Set
0003 Paper, Diy Cajas, Diy Crafts, Blog Holamama, Cards Papercraft, Crafts Diy, Boxes Gift, Paper Crafts, Diy Recipe Boxes
DIY caja de recetas
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blog holamama
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25 Free Printable Recipe Cards - just print & add your recipe! Even use to make a homemade gift for someone special.
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Free Printable Cards | 25 Free Printable Recipe Cards - Home Cooking Memories
25 Free Printable Recipe Cards - Home Cooking Memories
My First Recipe Book -- free printables
Little One, Book Free, Diy Recipe Book Printables, Gift Ideas, Kids Recipe Book, Diy Recipes Book Ideas, Recipe Printables, Recipe Book For Kids, Recipe Books
Ro would love this *Such a cute gift idea! My first recipe printables for the little one's very first recipe book*
My First Recipe Book (Free Printables)
My First Recipe Book - Free Printables
How to organize recipes in a binder
Organic Recipe, Organic Ideas, Recipe Ideas, Cleaning Organic, Recipe Binder, Recipe Organic, Families Meals, Meals Plans, Crafty Ideas
recipe organization by jayesel, via Flickr
Family Meals: How To Get Organized | DearCrissy.com
Family meals: How to get organized | DearCrissy.com
Recipe Keeping Idea: scan, clean up, print, and frame old recipes
Old Recipe
Recipe- I scanned, cleaned up, printed and framed an old recipe of my grandmother's to frame. I love seeing her handwriting!
Framed Recipes: Perfect Way to Display Mom or Grandmas Recipes
DIY Frame Recipes - Great idea! Perfect Way to Display Mom or Grandmas Old Recipes as keepsakes. Make sure you're using a frame that compliments your kitchen decor and style.
frame recipes perfect way to display mom or grandmas old recipes, diy home crafts, repurposing upcycling, A frame proudly shows some of my mom s favorite old hand written recipes One of which belonged to her granny
Kitchens, Frames Recipe, Grandma Recipe, A Frames, Perfect, Diy, Display Mom, Crafts, Old Recipes
17 PicMonkey Tutorials, Tips, and Projects via RainonaTinRoof.com #picmonkey #tips #tutorials #projects
17 PicMonkey Tutorials, Tips, and Projects via RainonaTinRoof.com #picmonkey #tips #tutorials #projects
Blog Helpful, Households, Crafts Ideas, Crafty, 17 Picmonkey, Fonts, Blog Headers, Business, Diy Projects
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Ideas, Templates, Cards Printables, Free Recipe, Recipe Cards, Printables Recipe, Diy Cookbooks, Free Printables, Recipe Book
Free printable recipe page for a DIY recipe book..
Free Printable Recipe Page Template recipe card
Free Printable Recipe Page Template for DIY cookbook | FollowPics
Free Printable Recipe Page Template - bridal shower idea
Free Recipe Card Printables (several choices)
Free Printable Recipe Page Template
Wedding or Party Idea: give away recipe cards (for dish served) to guests...pin to chicken wire
Shower Ideas, Recipe Shared Ask, Crafts Ideas, Bridal Shower, Families Recipe, Favorite Families, Families Reunions Favors, Fav Recipe, Recipe Book
recipe share....ask everyone to bring a recipe to share to make the bride a recipe book
Good shower Idea!
I would love to ask my wedding guests to send a favorite family recipe back to us with their rsvp so we could display them at the reception. Not only would it be great to have fav recipes from both families, but we could share them with everyone in attendance. So sweet.
Gallery & Inspiration | Picture - 242040 - Style Me Pretty
A great gift idea for bridal shower! DIY Make Your Own Cookbook
Gift Ideas, Cleaning Organic, Bridal Shower, Diy Cookbooks, Recipe Books, Favorite Recipe, Crafts Diy, Big Book, Diy Projects
DIY Cookbook gift
A great gift idea for bridal shower! If every guest brought there favorite recipe
D.I.Y. – How to Make Your Own Cookbook http://www.stockpilingmoms.com/2012/07/d-i-y-make-your-own-cookbook/...I started doing this about 10 years ago and I wanted to add that I keep a smaller book and I use it for This Months Meals. While I make my menus I just switch the pages from the big books to the small...saves even more time.
make your own recipe book.. I need to do this!
DIY Make Your Own Cookbook
Zombie Apocalypse Recipe Card (free printable)
Cake Recipe, Halloween Printable
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zombie halloween printable recipe cards
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No link for tutorial to make this recipe book Looks like I will be searching and creating it myself. I will post the results when I get it done.
DIY Creative Handmade Cookbook DIY Projects.......
Recipe mini album
Non-Existent Domain
Jackie mcclellan
What a wonderful idea,Thank you very much.
Free Printable Recipe Cards
Cards Design, Gift, Crafts Ideas, Printables Recipe Cards, Printable Recipe Cards, Eating Repeat, Diy, Design Eating, Free Printables
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My Super Simple Recipe Binder: Easy tutorial, would make a fantastic gift for a new bride or as a housewarming gift. Make sure you include a few of your favorite recipes!
Easy Recipe, Organic, Holiday Gift, Gift Ideas, Housewarming Gift, Recipe Binders, Super Simple, Simple Recipe, Recipe Book
My Super Simple Recipe Binder - #Organization...will take some tips from this to update my recipe book
My Super Simple Recipe Binder: Easy tutorial, would make a fantastic gift for a new bride or as a housewarming gift. Make sure you include a few of your favorite recipes! #Recipes #Organize
Easy recipe binder
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25 Free Printable Recipe Cards
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Free Printable Cards | 25 Free Printable Recipe Cards - Home Cooking Memories
25 Free Printable Recipe Cards - Home Cooking Memories
Recipe Card 5 Pack from Steamcrow
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Here at the studio, we're trying to eat better. So for fun, we developed our own 5x7 recipe cards! You can not only document how to cook your meal, you can also rate the recipe on several factors: TastinessDifficultyPrep TimeCost Details...
Baking Powder Biscuits hand written recipe card
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recipe binder, another great gift idea i may do
Taste-Test Recipe Binder (I think Brother #2 would LOVE something like this with new recipes to try. Think I'll give him this and some home made meat rubs!)
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Taste-Test Recipe Binder -
Homemade Gift Idea: Framed Recipe Cards (hanging from ribbon)
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Homemade Gift Idea: Framed Recipe Cards (hanging from ribbon) by @Brandie Schweizer | Home Cooking Memories Or do it with the handwritten recipes from mom or grandma
Homemade Gift Idea: Framed Recipe Cards (hanging from ribbon). Great for special family recipes
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Baker's Bliss Recipe Cards from Anthropologie.com
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Responding to the need for better communication among their various arms, several U.S. government agencies have issued informal requests for proposals to systems integrators, asking for suggestions and tools to help accelerate the integration of their dis
WASHINGTON-The fact that two men involved in last months terrorist attacks were on an FBI watch list and yet were not flagged by the airlines, airline security or other agencies is not lost on federal officials. Responding to the need for better communication among their various arms, several U.S. government agencies have issued informal requests for proposals to systems integrators, asking for suggestions and tools to help accelerate the integration of their disparate applications and databases.
As enterprise application integration software vendors such as WebMethods Inc. and Tibco Software Inc. prepare responses, it remains unclear how much politics will define which applications and databases are integrated.
Sandy Berger, former national security adviser, speaking at a WebMethods seminar on technology integration and security here last week, said the most serious issues blocking rapid integration are more about policy and politics, not technology. "Databases equal budgets," said Berger, who is the chairman of Stonebridge International LLC, in Washington. "If [agencies] give up control of their database, they give up their budget. There is nothing people in government will fight harder for." The U.S. Office of Management and Budget began formulating an inter-agency integration plan in August, but Mark Forman, associate director for IT and e-government at the OMB, said the tone of the daunting project changed after Sept. 11. "Theres been a bigger recognition that the business architecture has been so convoluted. We have to find ways to simplify," Forman said, in Washington. "The other change is that before, we were talking about [integration] in terms of compliance and social services. Now, its how we deal with threats to national security, anti-terrorism and grants management for the situation in New York." Some projects that have sprung from the terrorist tragedy are under way. Tibco, of Palo Alto, Calif., has signed on with the Department of Defense to build a real-time advanced command and control system. Tibcos Active suite of middleware is being installed at a major command center at the Pentagon to provide real-time integration through a portal to critical military personnel for operations, planning and execution, both in the United States and overseas, according to Tibco. In addition, as a member of the U.S. Department of Transportations Airport Security Team, Tibco and others are examining real-time communications technologies and their ability to address government and military integration challenges. Separately, WebMethods is working with public safety software developer Centurion Solutions to develop a prototype to integrate its 911 software with systems at the Federal Aviation Administration. The goal is to give local law enforcement agencies that operate the 911 computer-aided dispatching system an automated link to federal agencies. During last months hijackings, local 911 operators had to manually look up the contact information of the FAA when a passenger on a hijacked plane called 911. Centurion, of Sewickley, Pa., is working with the California Highway Patrol and the Sacramento County (Calif.) Sheriffs department to define security requirements for airports and state buildings and how they will work with an FAA integration. The scope of the integration work that lies ahead is mind-boggling. The OMB has categorized the work of the government into 30 lines of businesssuch as policy makingeach of which is performed by about 19 of the 24 Cabinet-level agencies. "Thats a lot of overlap," Forman said. And the projects wont be done quickly. Centurions 911 project, for instance, will take six to 12 months just to refine the requirements. Among the issues that each project needs to define is what information should be shared and what type of integration platform should be used. Integration could be done at four levelsdata sharing, through a message broker, application to application and back end to back end. Former CIA chief James Woolsey said that privacy must be protected when data is exchanged among agencies. But, in some cases, legislation has been passed that makes it impossible for certain organizations to share information with other agencies, he said. Woolsey added that it is essential that information be disseminated on a need-to-know basis. "Something is going to have to be done to protect us from the wonderful openness of the Internet," said Woolsey, a partner in the law firm Sheq & Gardner, in Washington. "We have to figure out a way that the only people who get information are the ones who are supposed to and not some hacker."
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This is another portrait from our recent GPP Faces and Places Photo Tour to Oman and it's also the image I've added as this week's Mini-PSD as the processing was quite interesting, i.e. it was partially desaturated using the Channel Mixer and then toned with a curve.
captured camera lens focal length aperture shutter speed shooting mode exposure bias metering mode ISO flash image quality RAW converter image editor plugins (etc) cropped? |
10.06am on 14/3/12 Canon 5D Mark II EF 70-200mm f/2.8L IS USM 70mm f/5.6 1/80 aperture priority +0.3 evaluative 400 no RAW Camera Raw CS6 none no |
Our training and tutorials• loading the original |


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My most anticipated movies of Fall 2013
*********************************************** With autumn set to rear its orange and brown head on Sunday, and the first of my eagerly awaited last quarter-ish movies coming out today, it's time to reveal my list of the fall, holiday – and let's face it – awards season films I'm looking forward to the most. […]
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Is Hugh an Oscar regular now?
Now that he's broken through and become a bonafide Oscar nominee thanks to this year's Les Miserables nod, is it possible that Hugh Jackman could get a second consecutive nomination? Reviews for Prisoners, opening tomorrow, would indicate so. And the picture could even have a shot, in these days of up-to-10 best film nominees. What […]
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When B.S. titles happen to (potentially) good movies
We all knew the movie adaptation of Nick Flynn's brutal and beautiful memoir "Another Bullsh*t Night in Suck City" wouldn't keep that name. But after many title incarnations – including the ultra-generic "Another Night" – the creative braintrust at the studio have settled on …… "Being Flynn." What the hell? Are you kidding me? Beside […]
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text: Keep your little one snug on their travels whatever the weather with this Obaby Footmuff.This warm, fleece-lined footmuff is available in a choice of colourful hues, and will keep your baby snug and cosy when you're out and about. Even better, you can convert it into a comfy seat liner as the weather warms up! Useful info:


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Northern Colorado Plateau Network (NCPN)
Bryce Canyon National Park
Park Species Lists |
Park Biophysical Description (PDF) |
Bryce Canyon NP Website |
Amphitheater, Bryce Canyon National Park
Size: 14,502 hectares
Elevation range: 1,859–2,774 meters
Before becoming a national park in 1928, Bryce Canyon National Park was established as Bryce Canyon National Monument by Presidential Proclamation in June 1923, "because of unusual scenic beauty, scientific interest and importance." The park is known internationally for its brightly colored and towering formations of limestone, clay, and silt, which were created primarily by the erosive forces of water.
Elevation ranges from approximately 1,859 meters (6,100 feet) in the eastern lowlands to 2,774 meters (9,100 feet) at the park's southern end. Annual precipitation averages 381 millimeters (15 inches) with an average annual snowfall of 254 centimeters (100 inches) at headquarters. Overall, upland woodlands dominate the park—especially ponderosa pine and/or two-needle pinyon-juniper species. Most shrublands occur as small patches. Native grasslands intermix with shrublands; riparian and wetland plants occur almost exclusively in wet meadows and along streams on the west side of the park.
Visitor-use density, adjacent land-use impacts, and exotic plant species invasion are the park's main natural resource management concerns. However, the absence of human development and artificial light creates conditions for unimpeded distant views by day and unparalleled viewing of the brilliant night skies.
The NCPN monitors air quality, climate, land surface phenology, landbirds, landscape dynamics, uplands, and water quality at Bryce Canyon National Park.
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