text:
Office of Scientific and Technical Information
Speed Map for Autonomous Rovers over Rough Terrain
E-Print Network [OSTI]
requires a training set to categorize rough terrain andis rough and what is not by driving over the training set.obstacles and rough. Within the crater data set, PTA detects
Loh, Jonathan Edau
Stereo-Vision-Based Obstacle Avoidance in Rough Outdoor Terrain
on chemical or nuclear plants are only a few possible scenarios. Unmanned vehicles could patrol frontiers and powerful robot navigation system for rough and vegetated outdoor terrain. Vegetation in that context of natural disasters, large-scale accidents and terrorism. Fire infernos, hurricanes, air crashes and attacks
Berns, Karsten
Wind assessment in complex terrain with the numeric model Aiolos implementation of the influence of roughness changes and stability
Wind assessment in complex terrain with the numeric model Aiolos implementation of the influence of roughness changes and stability Ulrich Focken, Detlef Heinemann, Hans-Peter Waldl Department of Energy (EWA) gives good results for the wind potential estimation in flat areas. But besides many
Heinemann, Detlev
Visual estimation of wheel sinkage for rough-terrain mobile robots
Science Journals Connector (OSTI)
For mobile robots driving across natural terrains, it is critical that the dynamic effects occurring at the wheel-terrain interface be taken into account. One of the most prevalent of these effects is wheel sinkage. Wheels can sink to depths sufficient to prevent further motion, possibly leading to danger of entrapment. This paper presents an algorithm for visual estimation of sinkage. We call it the visual sinkage estimation (VSE) method. It assumes the presence of a monocular camera and an artificial pattern, attached to the wheel side, to determine the terrain contact angle. This paper also introduces an analytical model for wheel sinkage in deformable terrain based on terramechanics. To validate the VSE module, firstly, several tests are performed on a single-wheel test bed, under different operating conditions. Secondly, the effectiveness of the proposed approach is proved in real contexts, employing an all-terrain rover travelling on a sandy beach.
Giulio Reina; Annalisa Milella; Angelo Gentile
Rough-terrain mobile robot planning and control with application to planetary exploration
Future planetary exploration missions will require mobile robots to perform difficult tasks in highly challenging terrain, with limited human supervision. Current motion planning and control algorithms are not well suited ...
Iagnemma, Karl David
Terrain identification methods for planetary exploration rovers
Autonomous mobility in rough terrain is becoming increasingly important for planetary exploration rovers. Increased knowledge of local terrain properties is critical to ensure a rover's safety, especially when driving on ...
Brooks, Christopher Allen, 1978-
Urbanizing terrains
Urban "sprawl"in the East Attica area of Athens has dramatically changed the former rural economy in a manner consistent with the urbanizing terrain's underlying properties: agricultural subdivisions, existing centres, ...
Romanos, Christoforos
Axel Mobility Platform for Steep Terrain Excursions and Sampling on Planetary Surfaces
results that demonstrated Axel's ability to traverse both flat and sloped rocky terrain including 90º crater promontories. With its actuated trailing link, Axel can operate on both flat and sloped terrains° rocky slope in the JPL Mars Yard #12;2 To be able to access and cache samples from such deposits, we
presented here: fuzzy logic, reactive control, and machineto speed control is to utilize fuzzy logic. Fuzzy logic wascontrol, this is a new area of research where reactive speed controller, fuzzy logic,
Spectra over complex terrain
SciTech Connect (OSTI)
Spectra have been measured over land downwind of a water surface, over hilltops and escarpments, and over rolling farmland. The following hypotheses can be used to explain the differences between these spectra. (1) For wavelengths short compared to the fetch over the new terrain, spectral densities are in equilibrium with the new terrain. (2) For wavelengths long compared to this fetch, spectral densities remain unchanged if the ground is horizontal. If the flow is over a steep hill, the low-frequency structure is modified by distortion of the mean flow, with the longitudinal component losing energy relative to the lateral and vertical components. Because vertical-velocity spectra contain relatively less low-frequency energy than horizontal-velocity spectra, energetic vertical-velocity fluctuations tend to be in equilibrium with local terrain.
Panofsky, H.A.; Larko, D.; Lipschutz, R.; Stone, G.
Improved Gravimetric Terrain Corrections
......formulae are based on a flat-earth assumption. Our...2. Topography in the Rocky Mountains of British Columbia...Kananaskis Valley in the Rocky Mountains was used. The...terrain correction. In the Rocky Mountains of British Columbia...large, thg effect of a flat-earth approximation......
Y. C. Li; M. G. Sideris
Learning, planning, and control for quadruped locomotion over challenging terrain
We present a control architecture for fast quadruped locomotion over rough terrain. We approach the problem by decomposing it into many sub-systems, in which we apply state-of-the-art learning, planning, optimization, and control techniques to achieve ... Keywords: Quadruped locomotion, ZMP optimization, floating base inverse dynamics, locomotion planning and control, template learning
Mrinal Kalakrishnan; Jonas Buchli; Peter Pastor; Michael Mistry; Stefan Schaal
Rough Diagrams Laurent Vigneron
that are not tautologies of modal logic S5. 1 Generalized Rough Sets The idea of rough set was proposed by Pawlak in 1982 [5]. The starting point of the rough set theory is the assumption that we have initially some informa have de#12;ned the notion of generalized rough sets: any topological space (X; I) with a clopen sets
Vigneron, Laurent
Placement of Traffic Barriers on Roadside and Median Slopes
on the findings obtained from crash tests performed on flat terrain. For barriers placed on roadside and median slopes, vehicle impact height varies depending on the trajectory of the vehicle along the ditch section and lateral offset of the barrier. Thus...
Ferdous, Md Rubiat
Rough Approximate Operators: Axiomatic Rough Set Theory
In rough set theory, the upper and lower approximations are ... are two abstract operators acting on the power set of U, the universe of discourse. ... The proof is an easy application of point set topology. Simi...
T. Y. Lin; Qing Liu
North Slope of Alaska
Broader source: All U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office Webpages (Extended Search)
govSitesNorth Slope of Alaska govSitesNorth Slope of Alaska NSA Related Links Facilities and Instruments Barrow Atqasuk ES&H Guidance Statement Operations Science Field Campaigns Visiting the Site Images Information for Guest Scientists Contacts North Slope of Alaska Barrow: 71° 19' 23.73" N, 156° 36' 56.70" W Atqasuk: 70° 28' 19.11" N, 157° 24' 28.99" W The North Slope of Alaska (NSA) site is providing data about cloud and radiative processes at high latitudes. Centered at Barrow and extending to the south (to the vicinity of Atqasuk), west (to the vicinity of Wainwright), and east (towards Oliktok), the NSA site has become a focal point for atmospheric and ecological research activity on the North Slope. The principal instrumented facility was installed near Barrow in 1997,
Elementary Rough Set Granules: Toward a Rough Set Processor
In this chapter, the basics of the rough set approach are presented, and an outline of ... of a simple processor is based on elementary rough set granules and dependencies between them. The rough set processor (R...
Zdzis?aw Pawlak
Terrainosaurus: realistic terrain synthesis using genetic algorithms
), are solid evidence that believable terrain can be visualized in real-time with current technology. Terrain generation, in contrast, has received comparatively little treatment in the literature. Fractal-based techniques are the most prevalent, because... noted, fractal methods for terrain generation are limited in the types of terrain they can simulate, and one generally has to resort to elevation maps digitized from the real world to get more interesting and believable terrain models. In this thesis, I...
Saunders, Ryan L.
Measurement of normal contact stiffness of fractal rough surfaces
We investigate the effects of roughness and fractality on the normal contact stiffness of rough surfaces. Samples of isotropically roughened aluminium surfaces are considered. The roughness and fractal dimension were altered through blasting using different sized particles. Subsequently, surface mechanical attrition treatment (SMAT) was applied to the surfaces in order to modify the surface at the microscale. The surface topology was characterised by interferometry based profilometry. The normal contact stiffness was measured through nanoindentation with a flat tip utilising the partial unloading method. We focus on establishing the relationships between surface stiffness and roughness, combined with the effects of fractal dimension. The experimental results, for a wide range of surfaces, showed that the measured contact stiffness depended very closely on surfaces' root mean squared (RMS) slope and their fractal dimension, with correlation coefficients of around 90\\%, whilst a relatively weak correlation coefficient of 57\\% was found between the contact stiffness and RMS roughness.
Chongpu Zhai; S�bastien Bevand; Yixiang Gan; Dorian Hanaor; Gw�na�lle Proust; Bruno Guelorget; Delphine Retraint
Steep Slope Calculator
Steep Slope Calculator Steep Slope Calculator Estimates Cooling and Heating Savings for Residential Roofs with Non-Black Surfaces Enter A State: Select a state Alabama Alaska Arkansas Arizona California Colorado Connecticut Delaware Florida Georgia Hawaii Iowa Idaho Illinois Indiana Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana North Carolina North Dakota Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Pacific Islands Puerto Rico Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington Wisconsin West Virginia Wyoming Canadian Cities Enter A City: Select a city Click to see Data for All 243 Locations Roof Inputs: R-value(Btu-in/(hr ft2 oF):
Rough Ride Test Procedure
NTP005 NTP005 Revision 2 Effective December 1, 2004 Electric Vehicle Rough Road Course Test Prepared by Electric Transportation Applications Prepared by: _______________________________ Date:__________ Ryan Harkins Approved by: _________________________________________________ Date: _______________ Donald B. Karner ©2004 Electric Transportation Applications All Rights Reserved Procedure ETA-NTP005 Revision 2 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 Objectives 3 2.0 Purpose 3 3.0 Documentation 3 4.0 Initial Conditions and Prerequisites 4 5.0 Testing Activity Requirements 6 6.0 Glossary 12 7.0 References 14 Appendices Appendix A - Electric Vehicle Rough Road Test Data Sheet 15
Improvement of Information Rough Communication on Rough Set
The concept of information rough communication based on knowledge base is proposed by Mousavi Amin, Jabedar-Maralani Parviz. In this paper, its limitation is discussed. The concept of information rough communi...
QinLi An
Rough and Ready Biomass Facility | Open Energy Information
Open Energy Info (EERE)
and Ready Biomass Facility and Ready Biomass Facility Jump to: navigation, search Name Rough and Ready Biomass Facility Facility Rough and Ready Sector Biomass Owner Rough and Ready Lumber Co. Location Cave Junction, Oregon Coordinates 42.1628912°, -123.6481235° Loading map... {"minzoom":false,"mappingservice":"googlemaps3","type":"ROADMAP","zoom":14,"types":["ROADMAP","SATELLITE","HYBRID","TERRAIN"],"geoservice":"google","maxzoom":false,"width":"600px","height":"350px","centre":false,"title":"","label":"","icon":"","visitedicon":"","lines":[],"polygons":[],"circles":[],"rectangles":[],"copycoords":false,"static":false,"wmsoverlay":"","layers":[],"controls":["pan","zoom","type","scale","streetview"],"zoomstyle":"DEFAULT","typestyle":"DEFAULT","autoinfowindows":false,"kml":[],"gkml":[],"fusiontables":[],"resizable":false,"tilt":0,"kmlrezoom":false,"poi":true,"imageoverlays":[],"markercluster":false,"searchmarkers":"","locations":[{"text":"","title":"","link":null,"lat":42.1628912,"lon":-123.6481235,"alt":0,"address":"","icon":"","group":"","inlineLabel":"","visitedicon":""}]}
and the influence of canyons on slope cur- rents ; f) identification of communities which may be affected by oil#12;FINAL REPORT CANYON AND SLOPE PROCESSES STUDY VOLUME I EXECUTIVE S(2@lARY Prepared for United and provides diverse habi- tats for biological communities. In the Mid- and North Atlantic Region, canyons have
Mathis, Wayne N.
Human estimation of slope, distance, and height of terrain in simulated lunar conditions
As NASA's Vision for Space Exploration seeks to explore mountainous regions near the southern pole through frequent, long excursions, astronauts will require accurate navigational assistance. Current and future technology, ...
Oravetz, Christopher
West Slope, Oregon: Energy Resources | Open Energy Information
Slope, Oregon: Energy Resources Slope, Oregon: Energy Resources Jump to: navigation, search Equivalent URI DBpedia Coordinates 45.496985°, -122.76938° Loading map... {"minzoom":false,"mappingservice":"googlemaps3","type":"ROADMAP","zoom":14,"types":["ROADMAP","SATELLITE","HYBRID","TERRAIN"],"geoservice":"google","maxzoom":false,"width":"600px","height":"350px","centre":false,"title":"","label":"","icon":"","visitedicon":"","lines":[],"polygons":[],"circles":[],"rectangles":[],"copycoords":false,"static":false,"wmsoverlay":"","layers":[],"controls":["pan","zoom","type","scale","streetview"],"zoomstyle":"DEFAULT","typestyle":"DEFAULT","autoinfowindows":false,"kml":[],"gkml":[],"fusiontables":[],"resizable":false,"tilt":0,"kmlrezoom":false,"poi":true,"imageoverlays":[],"markercluster":false,"searchmarkers":"","locations":[{"text":"","title":"","link":null,"lat":45.496985,"lon":-122.76938,"alt":0,"address":"","icon":"","group":"","inlineLabel":"","visitedicon":""}]}
Maps and Mapping Lab 6: Terrain Representation
Maps and Mapping Lab 6: Terrain Representation OBJECTIVES Representing the earth's relief on a two. In this exercise, we will examine some ways that terrain can be represented on a map and in digital form. You exaggeration using Google Earth. MATERIALS USGS Quadrangle map, Ruler, Pencil, Calculator, Google Earth (4
Clarke, Keith
Development of a Hybrid Powered 2D Biped Walking Machine Designed for Rough Terrain Locomotion
relative to their size, and typically cannot accommodate the larger actuators required to compensate for the power loss by the flexible drive. This effect leads most actuators to use rigid drive systems or compliant actuators. Typical compliant... actuators used in biped develop consist of antagonistically paired pneumatic muscles [8-9]. Smart wire has been successful as a compliant actuator for small bipeds [10]. However, many bipeds still use electric motors or actuators with rigid drive...
Baker, Bryce C.
Parallelized Distributed Embedded Control System for 2D Walking Robot for Studying Rough Terrain Locomotion
, parallelized, embedded control system was developed to provide the control structure for the Jaywalker. This system was chosen for its ability to execute simultaneous tasks efficiently. The two level control system provides a first level to implement a higher...
Strunk, Gavin
North Slope (Wahluke Slope) expedited response action cleanup plan
The purpose of this action is to mitigate any threat to public health and the environment from hazards on the North Slope and meet the expedited response action (ERA) objective of cleanup to a degree requiring no further action. The ERA may be the final remediation of the 100-I-3 Operable Unit. A No Action record of decision (ROD) may be issued after remediation completion. The US Department of Energy (DOE) currently owns or administers approximately 140 mi{sup 2} (about 90,000 acres) of land north and east of the Columbia River (referred to as the North Slope) that is part of the Hanford Site. The North Slope, also commonly known as the Wahluke Slope, was not used for plutonium production or support facilities; it was used for military air defense of the Hanford Site and vicinity. The North Slope contained seven antiaircraft gun emplacements and three Nike-Ajax missile positions. These military positions were vacated in 1960--1961 as the defense requirements at Hanford changed. They were demolished in 1974. Prior to government control in 1943, the North Slope was homesteaded. Since the initiation of this ERA in the summer of 1992, DOE signed the modified Hanford Federal Agreement and Consent Order (Tri-Party Agreement) with the Washington Department of Ecology (Ecology) and the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), in which a milestone was set to complete remediation activities and a draft closeout report by October 1994. Remediation activities will make the North Slope area available for future non-DOE uses. Thirty-nine sites have undergone limited characterization to determine if significant environmental hazards exist. This plan documents the results of that characterization and evaluates the potential remediation alternatives.
Not Available
Nocturnal Flow on a Western Colorado Slope
The Department of Energy sponsored Atmospheric Studies in Complex Terrain (ASCOT) program has conducted a research program designed to increase our knowledge and understanding of terrain-dominated flows with spec...
John M. Leone Jr.; Paul H. Gudiksen
On Generalized Rough Sets (extended abstract)
On Generalized Rough Sets (extended abstract) Anita Wasilewska Department of Computer Science State Rough Sets The idea of rough set was proposed by Pawlak in 1982 [10]. The starting point of the rough a rough set. The lower and upper approximations treated as one argument operations R and R in the ap
1 COMBINATION OF ROUGH AND FUZZY SETS BASED ON -LEVEL SETS Y.Y. Yao Department of Computer Science set can be represented by a family of crisp sets using its -level sets, whereas a rough set can involved in the combination of rough-set and fuzzy-set models. The rough-fuzzy-set and fuzzy-rough-set
Yao, Yiyu
Plasma Radiation by Rough Surfaces
The recent observation of a peak of scattered radiation at the plasma frequency from thin metal foils irradiated with light can be explained in terms of a small amount of surface roughness of the foils.
Edward A. Stern
Disk Roughness and Defect Monitoring
Disk surface monitoring and certification refer to the testing and certification of a disk surface in terms of roughness and defect ... as well as the capability to accommodate a flying slider. It includes glide ...
Gang Sheng; Jizhong He; Shuanlin Duan
Slope failures in Hong Kong
...the large catchment area. Summary The most abundant failures during multiple events are the Type 1 and 2 slips, or combina- Iions such as in Fig. 1 lb, and these have the most disastrous consequences. Isolated events SLOPE FAILURES IN HONG KONG 59 and...
Peter Lumb
Design of Rough Neurons: Rough Set Foundation and Petri Net Model
This paper introduces the design of rough neurons based on rough sets. Rough neurons instantiate approximate reasoning in assessing knowledge ... to classifying inputs. The particular form of rough neuron conside...
J. F. Peters; A. Skowron; Z. Suraj; L. Han�
Rough Set Approach to KDD (Extended Abstract)
This tutorial is a survey on rough set theory and some of its applications in ... to analysis of different real life problems using rough set methods as well as the presentation of Rough Set Exploration System (R...
Hung Son Nguyen; Andrzej Skowron
Rough Sets in Economy and Finance
The Rough Set Theory makes it possible to represent and ... of the currently available literature covering applications of rough sets in the economy and finance. The classical rough set model and its important ex...
Mariusz Podsiad?o; Henryk Rybi?ski
Rough sets determined by tolerances
Abstract We show that for any tolerance R on U, the ordered sets of lower and upper rough approximations determined by R form ortholattices. These ortholattices are completely distributive, thus forming atomistic Boolean lattices, if and only if R is induced by an irredundant covering of U, and in such a case, the atoms of these Boolean lattices are described. We prove that the ordered set RS of rough sets determined by a tolerance R on U is a complete lattice if and only if it is a complete subdirect product of the complete lattices of lower and upper rough approximations. We show that R is a tolerance induced by an irredundant covering of U if and only if RS is an algebraic completely distributive lattice, and in such a situation a quasi-Nelson algebra can be defined on RS. We present necessary and sufficient conditions which guarantee that for a tolerance R on U, the ordered set RS X is a lattice for all X ? U , where R X denotes the restriction of R to the set X and RS X is the corresponding set of rough sets. We introduce the disjoint representation and the formal concept representation of rough sets, and show that they are Dedekind�MacNeille completions of RS.
Jouni J�rvinen; S�ndor Radeleczki
Mask roughness induced LER: geometric model at long correlation lengths
Collective understanding of how both the resist and line-edge roughness (LER) on the mask affect the final printed LER has made significant advances. What is poorly understood, however, is the extent to which mask surface roughness couples to image plane LER as a function of illumination conditions, NA, and defocus. Recently, progress has been made in formulating a simplified solution for mask roughness induced LER. Here, we investigate the LER behavior at long correlation lengths of surface roughness on the mask. We find that for correlation lengths greater than 3/NA in wafer dimensions and CDs greater than approximately 0.75/NA, the previously described simplified model, which remains based on physical optics, converges to a 'geometric regime' which is based on ray optics and is independent of partial coherence. In this 'geometric regime', the LER is proportional to the mask slope error as it propagates through focus, and provides a faster alternative to calculating LER in contrast to either full 2D aerial image simulation modeling or the newly proposed physical optics model. Data is presented for both an NA = 0.32 and an NA = 0.5 imaging system for CDs of 22-nm and 50-nm horizontal-line-dense structures.
McClinton, Brittany M.; Naulleau, Patrick P.
Terrain Classification With Conditional Random Fields
robot Thorin equipped with a Mini-ITX computer #12;The Four Considered Terrain Types 4Stefan LaibleStefan Laible, Yasir Niaz Khan and Andreas Zell · Grid-based approach [Khan et al. 2011] · Divide image into equally-sized grid cells · Classify each grid cell individually #12;· Thresholding yields a number in [0
TOPOLOGICAL AND FUZZY ROUGH SETS Department of
TOPOLOGICAL AND FUZZY ROUGH SETS T. Y. Lin Department of Mathematics and Computer Science San Jose is studied via rough sets, fuzzy sets and topological spaces (more precisely, Frechet spaces). Rough set a knowledge base [1](pp. 14). Pawlak's rough set theory can be viewed as a study of concepts or knowledge via
Lin, Tsau Young
Trees, rough integration and differential equations
on the trajectory (x,y). mg (orsay) trees, rough paths, ... 3 / 27 #12;Trees L finite set. Trees labeled by L , TLTrees, rough integration and differential equations Massimiliano Gubinelli Laboratoire de Mathématiques Université Paris-Sud XI mg (orsay) trees, rough paths, ... 1 / 27 #12;Rough paths T. Lyons (Oxford
Gubinelli, Massimiliano
The Rough Set Engine GROBIAN Ivo Dntsch
The Rough Set Engine GROBIAN Ivo Düntsch School of Information and Software Engineering University semantische Informationsverarbeitung Universität Osnabrück Abstract Rough set analysis is a non rough set data analysis. In addition to the "traditional" procedures of rough set analysis
Düntsch, Ivo
Rough Set Theory: An Introduction
In rough set theory, knowledge is interpreted as an ability...a, 81b]). These objects form a set called often a universe of discourse and their nature may vary from case to case: they may be e.g. medical patients...
Prof. Dr. Lech Polkowski
Seoul, South Korea -classification deteriorating slope stability -Robert Hack 1 SLOPE STABILITY CLASSIFICATION
Seoul, South Korea - classification deteriorating slope stability - Robert Hack 1 SLOPE STABILITY CLASSIFICATION OF TIME DEPENDENT DETERIORATING SLOPES Seoul, Korea, 29 February 2008 Robert Hack Engineering) The Netherlands #12;Seoul, South Korea - classification deteriorating slope stability - Robert Hack 2 Jan van
Hack, Robert
Rough and fuzzy-rough methods for mammographic data Neil Mac Parthalain, Richard Jensen, Qiang Shen
in- vestigates the application of a number of rough set and fuzzy-rough set techniques to mammo for classification using rough sets, and fuzzy-rough sets and applied to this mammographic data, incorporating. In section 3, the fuzzy-rough set methodology and its application to both feature selection and the nearest
Lucas, Simon M.
Intelligent terrain avoidance agent for General Aviation Free Flight
the pilot handle this responsibility, a hierarchical agent system is under development. This system will take information from traffic, weather, and terrain to determine a safe and efficient flight path. The terrain agent in this system must avoid Controlled...
Gesting, Paul
Efficient Flow Computation on Massive Grid Terrain Datasets
As detailed terrain data becomes available, GIS terrain applications target larger geographic areas at ner resolutions. Processing the massive data involved in such applications presents signi cant challenges to GIS ...
Arge, Lars; Chase, Jeffry S.; Haplin, Patrick; Toma, Laura; Vitter, Jeffrey Scott; Urban, Dean; Wickremesinghe, Rajiv
A Rough Set Paradigm for Unifying Rough Set Theory and Fuzzy Set Theory
In this plenary address, we would like to discuss rough inclusions defined in Rough Mereology, a joint idea with A. ... , as a basis for common models for rough as well as fuzzy set theories. We would like to jus...
Lech Polkowski
A New Treatment of Rough Surface Scattering
...1996 research-article A New Treatment of Rough Surface Scattering C. Macaskill P...narrow beam at a randomly rough surface where the height distribution...is Gaussian. The field at the surface is assumed to satisfy a Dirichlet...
A Review of Rough Set Models
Since introduction of the theory of rough set in early eighties, considerable work has been ... The paper provides a review of the Pawlak rough set model and its extensions, with emphasis on ... the formulation, ...
Y. Y. Yao; S. K. M. Wong; T. Y. Lin
Microfluidics: On the Slope of Enlightenment
Microfluidics: On the Slope of Enlightenment ... Now that the hype has blown over, will microfluidics live up to its promise of providing marketable applications? ... Does microfluidics sell? ...
Rajendrani Mukhopadhyay
A Rough Logic Formalism for Fuzzy Controllers
A Rough Logic Formalism for Fuzzy Controllers: A Hard and Soft Computing View T.Y. Lin Department are the design goal. Several new applications are identified. KEYWORDS: control, fuzzy logic, modal logic, rough process, called rough logic government, is proposed. In this process, fuzzy logic is viewed
Electrokinetic transport in microchannels with random roughness
We present a numerical framework to model the electrokinetic transport in microchannels with random roughness. The three-dimensional microstructure of the rough channel is generated by a random generation-growth method with three statistical parameters to control the number density, the total volume fraction, and the anisotropy characteristics of roughness elements. The governing equations for the electrokinetic transport are solved by a high-efficiency lattice Poisson?Boltzmann method in complex geometries. The effects from the geometric characteristics of roughness on the electrokinetic transport in microchannels are therefore modeled and analyzed. For a given total roughness volume fraction, a higher number density leads to a lower fluctuation because of the random factors. The electroosmotic flow rate increases with the roughness number density nearly logarithmically for a given volume fraction of roughness but decreases with the volume fraction for a given roughness number density. When both the volume fraction and the number density of roughness are given, the electroosmotic flow rate is enhanced by the increase of the characteristic length along the external electric field direction but is reduced by that in the direction across the channel. For a given microstructure of the rough microchannel, the electroosmotic flow rate decreases with the Debye length. It is found that the shape resistance of roughness is responsible for the flow rate reduction in the rough channel compared to the smooth channel even for very thin double layers, and hence plays an important role in microchannel electroosmotic flows.
Wang, Moran [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Kang, Qinjun [Los Alamos National Laboratory
Rough Set Approximations in Formal Concept Analysis
Rough Set Approximations in Formal Concept Analysis Y.Y. Yao, Yaohua Chen Department of email@example.com Abstract-- An important topic of rough set theory is the approximation of undefinable sets or concepts of approximation operators. In this paper, the notion of rough set approximations is introduced into formal concept
Vaguely Quantified Rough Sets Chris Cornelis1
Vaguely Quantified Rough Sets Chris Cornelis1 , Martine De Cock1 , and Anna Maria Radzikowska2 email@example.com Abstract. The hybridization of rough sets and fuzzy sets has focused on creating an end product they allow for gradual membership, fuzzy rough sets are still abrupt in a sense that adding or omitting
Gent, Universiteit
Intuitionistic fuzzy rough sets: at the cross-
U N C O R R EC TED PR O O F Intuitionistic fuzzy rough sets: at the cross- roads of imperfect: Just like rough set theory, fuzzy set theory addresses the topic of dealing with imperfect knowledge tentative definitions of the concept of an `intuitionistic fuzzy rough set' that were raised in their wake
1 A REVIEW OF ROUGH SET MODELS Y.Y. Yao*, S.K.M. Wong**, and T.Y. Lin*** * Department of Computer of rough set in early eighties, considerable work has been done on the development and application of this new theory. The paper provides a review of the Pawlak rough set model and its extensions
Rough Sets and Matroids Victor W. Marek
Rough Sets and Matroids Victor W. Marek Department of Computer Science, University of Kentucky of that and related facts for the development of Rough Sets theory. 1 Introduction The goal of this note is to provide a proof of the recent statement by Liu and Zhu [2] and look at some properties of rough sets related
Marek, Victor W.
Rough Set Approximations in Formal Concept Analysis Yiyu Yao and Yaohua Chen Department of firstname.lastname@example.com Abstract. A basic notion shared by rough set analysis and formal concept anal- ysis is the definability to each other based on defin- ability. In this paper, the notion of rough set approximations is introduced
Wetting of rough surfaces: a homogenization approach
...plane xd = 0, and it is rough at a scale , where is...A (2005) Wetting of rough surfaces: a homogenization...where S1 is a closed set in Rd such that {xd 0...is finite, then L is a set with finite perimeter...A (2005) Wetting of rough surfaces: a homogenization...
Ordered Weighted Average Based Fuzzy Rough Sets
Ordered Weighted Average Based Fuzzy Rough Sets Chris Cornelis 1 , Nele Verbiest1 , and Richard rough set model, which is based on a similar rationale, our proposal has the ad- vantage a feature selection application confirm the potential of the OWA-based model. Keywords: fuzzy rough sets
A logic for rough sets Ivo Dntsch
A logic for rough sets Ivo Düntsch School of Information and Software Engineering, University of a set forms a Boolean algebra under the usual set theoretic operations, while the collection of rough that regular double Stone algebras are a class of algebras appropriate for a logic of rough sets. Using
ROUGH AND MODAL ALGEBRAS Laurent VIGNERON
automatically by the theorem prover. 1. INTRODUCTION The theory of rough sets provides a methodological frame, and market analysis. We present here two new connections for the rough set theory. We link]) relationship between the rough sets and modal S5 logic, and hence with some topological Boolean algebras
Textures and covering based rough sets
This paper introduces the relations between covering and dicovering in the framework of rough sets. The natural counterpart of a covering in textures is given by a family of pairs of sets which is called a dicovering. This leads us to two dual concepts ... Keywords: Covering based approximation operators, Dicovering, Rough set, Textural rough set, Texture space
Murat Diker; Ay?eg�l Altay U?ur
Dominance-Based Rough Set Approach and Bipolar Abstract Rough Approximation Spaces
We take into consideration Dominance-based Rough Set Approach and its recently proposed algebraic modeling...
Salvatore Greco; Benedetto Matarazzo�
Mechanisms initiating deep convection over complex terrain during COPS.
Precipitating convection in a mountain region of moderate topography is investigated, with particular emphasis on its initiation in response to boundary-layer and mid- and upper-tropospheric forcing mechanisms. The data used in the study are from COPS (Convective and Orographically-induced Precipitation Study) that took place in southwestern Germany and eastern France in the summer of 2007. It is found that the initiation of precipitating convection can be roughly classified as being due to either: (i) surface heating and low-level flow convergence; (ii) surface heating and moisture supply overcoming convective inhibition during latent and/or potential instability; or (iii) mid-tropospheric dynamical processes due to mesoscale convergence lines and forced mean vertical motion. These phenomena have to be adequately represented in models in order to improve quantitative precipitation forecast. Selected COPS cases are analyzed and classified into these initiation categories. Although only a subset of COPS data (mainly radiosondes, surface weather stations, radar and satellite data) are used here, it is shown that convective systems are captured in considerable detail by sensor synergy. Convergence lines were observed by Doppler radar in the location where deep convection is triggered several hours later. The results suggest that in many situations, observations of the location and timing of convergence lines will facilitate the nowcasting of convection. Further on, forecasting of the initiation of convection is significantly complicated if advection of potentially convective air masses over changing terrain features plays a major role. The passage of a frontal structure over the Vosges - Rhine valley - Black Forest orography was accompanied by an intermediate suppression of convection over the wide Rhine valley. Further downstream, an intensification of convection was observed over the Black Forest due to differential surface heating, a convergence line, and the flow generated by a gust front.
Kottmeier, C.; Kalthoff, N.; Barthlott, C.; Corsmeier, U.; Van Baelen, J.; Coulter, R.; Environmental Science Division; Inst. for Meteorology and Climate Research; Lab. de Meteorologie Physique; Inst. of Physics and Meteorology
Enumerative and Algebraic Aspects of Slope Varieties
.4 Grassmannians and algebraic geometry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 2.4.1 Grassmannians . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 2.4.2 Schubert cells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 2.5 Graph varieties... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 2.5.1 Picture space . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 2.5.2 Defining ideal for the slope variety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 2.5.3 Gro�bner bases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 3 Slope...
Enkosky, Thomas
Comparison of two terrain analysis models
. 0 F 0- 60s Dissected Land 0. 0 ' Open Water ~ EO-GO if slope &- 60 ~ CIA Country Studies ~ Host Nation Overlays ~ Host Nation Data Bases ~ Other National Assets Once the variables have been entered (map ID numbers, SS and SD) then F, snd...' a, , th, S ! , c 'ci'th Cia ala ~ ~ th Ntt l ! 't ! ! s r r, cia n l. , a n. s ni, s th a s, lhi h el!Cosa 10' lh C t Cl 'I Si ~ Cl lh Icr r- r ~ ir, ? 'ol isr lchsscatcctsc!Cctlhihlca, 'h' IW I ac, cise ci coo 0 ~ c jth t ~ ' ~ Is x ?I...
Arndt, F. Jeffrey Scott
Sidewinding with minimal slip: Snake and robot ascent of sandy slopes
Limbless organisms such as snakes can navigate nearly all terrain. In particular, desert-dwelling sidewinder rattlesnakes (Crotalus cerastes) operate effectively on inclined granular media (such as sand dunes) that induce failure in field-tested limbless robots through slipping and pitching. Our laboratory experiments reveal that as granular incline angle increases, sidewinder rattlesnakes increase the length of their body in contact with the sand. Implementing this strategy in a physical robot model of the snake enables the device to ascend sandy slopes close to the angle of maximum slope stability. Plate drag experiments demonstrate that granular yield stresses decrease with increasing incline angle. Together, these three approaches demonstrate how sidewinding with contact-length control mitigates failure on granular media.
Marvi, Hamidreza; Gravish, Nick; Astley, Henry; Travers, Matthew; Hatton, Ross L; Mendelson, Joseph R; Choset, Howie; Hu, David L; Goldman, Daniel I
Alteration of Terrain Permits (New Hampshire) | Department of Energy
Broader source: Energy.gov (indexed) [DOE]
Alteration of Terrain Permits (New Hampshire) Alteration of Terrain Permits (New Hampshire) Alteration of Terrain Permits (New Hampshire) < Back Eligibility Agricultural Commercial Construction Fed. Government Fuel Distributor General Public/Consumer Industrial Installer/Contractor Institutional Investor-Owned Utility Local Government Low-Income Residential Multi-Family Residential Municipal/Public Utility Nonprofit Residential Retail Supplier Rural Electric Cooperative Schools State/Provincial Govt Systems Integrator Transportation Tribal Government Utility Savings Category Alternative Fuel Vehicles Hydrogen & Fuel Cells Buying & Making Electricity Water Home Weatherization Solar Wind Program Info State New Hampshire Program Type Siting and Permitting Provider NH Department of Environmental Services Alteration of Terrain Bureau
High-Resolution Aeromagnetic Mapping Of Volcanic Terrain, Yellowstone...
Caldera Geothermal Region Retrieved from "http:en.openei.orgwindex.php?titleHigh-ResolutionAeromagneticMappingOfVolcanicTerrain,YellowstoneNationalPark&oldid...
Attribute Selection Methods in Rough Set Theory.
?? Attribute selection for rough sets is an NP-hard problem, in which fast heuristic algorithms are needed to find reducts. In this project, two reduct� (more)
Li, Xiaohan
North Slope export ban in repealed
The U.S. Senate and House both approve a bill lifting the 20-year-old ban on exports from the North Slope. The importance of this action is described.
Generalizing Rough Set Theory Through Dominance-Based Rough Set Approach
Ordinal properties of data related to preferences have been taken into account in the Dominance-based Rough Set Approach (DRSA). We show that DRSA ... a very general framework in which the classical rough set app...
Development of the Robotic Touch foot Sensor for 2D walking Robot, for Studying Rough Terrain Locomotion
to make robotic movements to imitate human motion all over the world. Results of that effort are seen with robots now being able to accomplish tasks that were once performed solely human workers such as in factories, like automobile industries...���������.�..�...6 1.1 The advantage of the inductive touch sensor �����������..6 1.2 Basic theories involved in the robotic touch foot sensor��.�........�....9 1.3 Analysis of maximum impact power������������..�...12 2. IMPLEMENTATION OF THE ROBOTIC TOUCH FOOT...
Lee, Hunwoo
March 13, 1968: Oil discovered on Alaska's North Slope | Department...
Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) Indexed Site
13, 1968: Oil discovered on Alaska's North Slope March 13, 1968: Oil discovered on Alaska's North Slope March 13, 1968: Oil discovered on Alaska's North Slope March 13, 1968 The...
Ris-PhD-Report Complex Terrain and Wind Lidars
calculations over the same terrains. The lidar performance was also simulated with the commercial software WAs;#12;Author: Ferhat Bingöl Title: Complex terrain and wind lidars Division: Wind Energy Division Risø-PhD-52 and the comparison of the measurement data with the flow model outputs showed that the mean wind speed calculated
The evolutionary development of roughness prediction models
The vigorous expansion of wind energy power generation over the last decade has also entailed innovative improvements to surface roughness prediction models applied to high-torque milling operations. Artificial neural networks are the most widely used ... Keywords: Dimensionality reduction, Genetic algorithm, High-torque milling, Surface roughness
Maciej Grzenda; Andres Bustillo
Detonation limits in rough walled tubes
Abstract The present paper reports the results of a study of detonation limits in rough tubes. Detonation velocity is measured by photodiodes and ionization probes spaced at 10�cm intervals along the length of the tube. Short lengths of smoked foils inserted into the core of the rough tube is used to register the structure of the detonation wave. Pressure transducers are also used to obtain the pressure profile. The results indicate that in rough tubes, the detonation velocity is generally much lower than the corresponding values for smooth tubes. The velocity decreases slowly at first and then more rapidly as the limit is approached. The velocity variation is generally continuous and at the limits, the failure velocity is of the order of about 0.4 V CJ for all cases. The detonation limits in rough tubes are found to be wider than for a smooth tube. This indicates that the turbulence generated by the wall roughness facilitates the propagation of the detonation and extends the limits. Smoked foil records show that in the core of the rough tube the detonation front has a cellular structure corresponding to the usual cellular structure due to instability of the detonation. Thus the intrinsic unstable cellular structure is quite robust and retains its global characteristics in spite of the large perturbations generated by the rough wall. The detonation in the core of the rough tube goes from multi-headed to single headed as the limit is approached. Past the single headed spin, the low velocity detonation has no cellular structure but consists of interacting weak transverse waves from the rough wall. The averaged pressure of the low velocity detonation front corresponds to about the constant volume explosion pressure, in accord with the velocity of the low velocity detonation.
Amanda Starr; John H.S. Lee; Hoi Dick Ng
Goal: Stem N. Slope output decline
Alaska North Slope production peaked at 2 million b/d in 1988 and since then has declined to a present 1.4 million b/d. For the next few years, ARCO`s net production will decline as North Slope oil production continues to fall. With a five-year Alaska budget of $1.15 billion, the company has ambitious plans to continue the large role is has played in Alaskan oil development. The paper discusses the infilling of Prudhoe Bay, exploring satellite fields, production at Colville River delta, and BP`s strategy.
TUNING ROUGH CONTROLLERS BY GENETIC ALGORITHMS Teresa Chiu
rough sets, rough logic, and evolutionary computing. Rough logic government starts with a symbolic model]. It is a variant of classical fuzzy controller that integrates rough sets, fuzzy logic, genetic algorithm) at the front, we add rough set methodology to extract linguistic rules from a set of ``training data,'' (2
Rough Truth, Consequence, Consistency and Belief Revision
The article aims at re-visiting the notion of rough truth...proposed by Pawlak in 1987 [11] and investigating some of its �logical� consequences. We focus on the formal deductive apparatus... ...
Mohua Banerjee
Measuring the Surface Roughness of Stream Stones
Measuring the fine-scale heterogeneity of stones and other substrates is a challenge for benthic ecologists. I describe a method for measuring the roughness of stones that is based on the ratio of two surface ...
Elizabeth A. Bergey
Rough surface reconstruction for ultrasonic NDE simulation
The reflection of ultrasound from rough surfaces is an important topic for the NDE of safety-critical components, such as pressure-containing components in power stations. The specular reflection from a rough surface of a defect is normally lower than it would be from a flat surface, so it is typical to apply a safety factor in order that justification cases for inspection planning are conservative. The study of the statistics of the rough surfaces that might be expected in candidate defects according to materials and loading, and the reflections from them, can be useful to develop arguments for realistic safety factors. This paper presents a study of real rough crack surfaces that are representative of the potential defects in pressure-containing power plant. Two-dimensional (area) values of the height of the roughness have been measured and their statistics analysed. Then a means to reconstruct model cases with similar statistics, so as to enable the creation of multiple realistic realizations of the surfaces, has been investigated, using random field theory. Rough surfaces are reconstructed, based on a real surface, and results for these two-dimensional descriptions of the original surface have been compared with those from the conventional model based on a one-dimensional correlation coefficient function. In addition, ultrasonic reflections from them are simulated using a finite element method.
Choi, Wonjae; Shi, Fan; Lowe, Michael J. S. [UK Research Centre in NDE, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ (United Kingdom); Skelton, Elizabeth A.; Craster, Richard V. [Department of Mathematics, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ (United Kingdom)
Perturbative Roughness Corrections to Electromagnetic Casimir Energies
Perturbative corrections to the Casimir free energy due to macroscopic roughness of dielectric interfaces are obtained in the framework of an effective low-energy field theory. It describes the interaction of electromagnetic fields with materials whose plasma frequency $\\omega_p$ determines the low-energy scale. The na\\"ive perturbative expansion of the single-interface scattering matrix in the variance of the profile is sensitive to short wavelength components of the roughness correlation function. We introduce generalized counter terms that subtract and correct these high-momentum contributions to the loop expansion. To leading order the counter terms are determined by the phenomenological plasmon model. The latter is found to be consistent with the low-energy description. The proximity force approximation is recovered in the limit of long correlation length and gives the upper limit for the roughness correction to the Casimir force. The renormalized low-energy theory is insensitive to the high-momentum behavior of the roughness correlation function. Predictions of the improved theory are compared with those of the unrenormalized model and with experiment. The Casimir interaction of interfaces with low levels of roughness is found to be well reproduced by that of flat parallel plates with the measured reflection coefficients at a distance that is slightly less than the mean separation of the rough surfaces.
Hua Yao Wu; Martin Schaden
Terrain sensing and estimation for dynamic outdoor mobile robots
In many applications, mobile robots are required to travel on outdoor terrain at high speed. Compared to traditional low-speed, laboratory-based robots, outdoor scenarios pose increased perception and mobility challenges ...
Ward, Christopher Charles
Computer Simulation of Uranyl Uptake by the Rough Lipopolysaccharide...
Computer Simulation of Uranyl Uptake by the Rough Lipopolysaccharide Membrane of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Computer Simulation of Uranyl Uptake by the Rough Lipopolysaccharide...
Implementing algorithms of rough set theory and fuzzy rough set theory in the R package �RoughSets�
Abstract The package RoughSets, written mainly in the R language, provides implementations of methods from the rough set theory (RST) and fuzzy rough set theory (FRST) for data modeling and analysis. It considers not only fundamental concepts (e.g., indiscernibility relations, lower/upper approximations, etc.), but also their applications in many tasks: discretization, feature selection, instance selection, rule induction, and nearest neighbor-based classifiers. The package architecture and examples are presented in order to introduce it to researchers and practitioners. Researchers can build new models by defining custom functions as parameters, and practitioners are able to perform analysis and prediction of their data using available algorithms. Additionally, we provide a review and comparison of well-known software packages. Overall, our package should be considered as an alternative software library for analyzing data based on RST and FRST.
Lala Septem Riza; Andrzej Janusz; Christoph Bergmeir; Chris Cornelis; Francisco Herrera; Dominik ?le�zak; Jos� Manuel Ben�tez
Surface roughness values for the areas surrounding the H, D and N-Area meteorological towers were computed from archived 2010 meteorological data. These 15-minute-averaged data were measured with cup anemometers and bidirectional wind vanes (bivanes) 61 m above the surface. The results of the roughness calculation using the standard deviation of elevation angle {sigma}{sub E}, and applying the simple formula based on tree canopy height, gave consistent estimates for roughness around the H-Area tower in the range of 1.76 to 1.86 m (95% confidence interval) with a mean value of 1.81 m. Application of the {sigma}{sub E} method for the 61-m level at D and N-Areas gave mean values of 1.71 and 1.81 with confidence ranges of 1.62-1.81 and 1.73-1.88 meters, respectively. Roughness results are azimuth dependent, and thus are presented as averages over compass sectors spanning 22.5 degrees. Calculated values were compared to other methods of determining roughness, including the standard deviation of the azimuth direction, {sigma}{sub A}, and standard deviation of the wind speed, {sigma}{sub U}. Additional data was obtained from a sonic anemometer at 61-m on the H-Area tower during a period of a few weeks in 2010. Results from the sonic anemometer support our use of {sigma}{sub E} to calculate roughness. Based on the H-Area tower results, a surface roughness of 1.8 m using is recommended for use in dispersion modeling applications that consider the impacts of a contaminant release to individuals along the Site boundary. The canopy surrounding the H-Area tower is relatively uniform (i.e., little variance in roughness by upwind direction), and data supplied by the U.S. Forest Service at Savannah River show that the canopy height and composition surrounding the H-Area tower is reasonably representative of forested areas throughout the SRS reservation. For dispersion modeling analyses requiring assessments of a co-located worker within the respective operations area, recommended area-specific values range from 0.3 m for E Area to 0.7 m for A Area at the Savannah River National Laboratory. These area-specific values, summarized in Table 4-1, were determined using the Environmental Protection Agency's AERSURFACE computer algorithm.
Hunter, C.
Probabilistic Rough Set Approximations Yiyu (Y.Y.) Yao
Probabilistic Rough Set Approximations Yiyu (Y.Y.) Yao Department of Computer Science University have been applied to the theory of rough set in sev- eral forms, including decision-theoretic analysis and rough inclusion functions, we revisit probabilistic rough set approximation operators and present
Web-based Support Systems with Rough Set Analysis
Web-based Support Systems with Rough Set Analysis JingTao Yao Joseph P. Herbert Department. The applications of rough set analysis for WSS is looked at in this article. In particular, our focus of the challenges of using rough sets in a WMSS and detail some of the applications of rough sets in analyzing
Yao, JingTao
Fuzzy-Rough Nearest Neighbour Classification Richard Jensen1
as with the recently intro- duced vaguely quantified rough sets. Preliminary results are very good, and in general FRNN] and rough sets [18] is representative of this. The success of rough set theory is due in part to three on a particular domain. Thirdly, it finds a minimal knowledge representation for data. As rough set theory handles
Fuzzy-Rough Instance Selection Richard Jensen and Chris Cornelis
Fuzzy-Rough Instance Selection Richard Jensen and Chris Cornelis Abstract-- Rough set theory. Recently, the value of fuzzy-rough sets for feature selection and rule induction has been established proposes three novel methods for instance selection based on fuzzy-rough sets. The initial experimentation
Rough operations on Boolean algebras Guilin Qi and Weiru Liu
; Rough operations; Uncertainty measures 1 Introduction Rough set theory was introduced by Pawlak [16] to generalize the classical set theory. In rough set theory, given an equivalence relation on a universe, we can is corresponding to the equivalence relation [11]. In [14,15], Yao generalized rough set theory by generalizing
Liu, Weiru
Decision-theoretic rough fuzzy set model and application
Abstract This article investigates the rough approximation of a fuzzy concept on a probabilistic approximation space. We propose the probabilistic rough fuzzy set by defining the conditional probability of a fuzzy event. Then we establish the model of probabilistic rough fuzzy set and discuss several properties in detail. Furthermore, three generalizations of probabilistic rough fuzzy set, namely, 0.5-probabilistic rough fuzzy set, variable precision probabilistic rough fuzzy set and Bayesian rough fuzzy set are reported. In order to give a systematic method of selecting parameters for the probabilistic rough fuzzy set, we propose a decision-theoretic rough fuzzy set. That is, we formulate a non-parametric definition of the probabilistic rough fuzzy set. Moreover, we illustrate the motivation and verify the validity of the decision-theoretic rough fuzzy set by using a credit card applicant decision-making problem. Furthermore, the interrelationship between the decision-theoretic rough fuzzy set and the probabilistic rough fuzzy set is explained. The main contribution of this paper is twofold. One is to extend the probabilistic rough set to fuzzy environment, i.e., the probabilistic rough fuzzy set model. Another is to present an approach to select parameters needed in probabilistic rough fuzzy set modeling by using the process of decision-making under conditions of risk.
Bingzhen Sun; Weimin Ma; Haiyan Zhao
Naive Bayesian Rough Sets Yiyu Yao and Bing Zhou
Naive Bayesian Rough Sets Yiyu Yao and Bing Zhou Department of Computer Science, University assumptions, which is often used for ranking or constructing a binary classifier. The theory of rough sets decision-theoretic rough set model, or simply a naive Bayesian rough set (NBRS) model, to integrate
High-Resolution Aeromagnetic Mapping Of Volcanic Terrain, Yellowstone
High-Resolution Aeromagnetic Mapping Of Volcanic Terrain, Yellowstone High-Resolution Aeromagnetic Mapping Of Volcanic Terrain, Yellowstone National Park Jump to: navigation, search GEOTHERMAL ENERGYGeothermal Home Journal Article: High-Resolution Aeromagnetic Mapping Of Volcanic Terrain, Yellowstone National Park Details Activities (1) Areas (1) Regions (0) Abstract: High-resolution aeromagnetic data acquired over Yellowstone National Park (YNP) show contrasting patterns reflecting differences in rock composition, types and degree of alteration, and crustal structures that mirror the variable geology of the Yellowstone Plateau. The older, Eocene, Absaroka Volcanic Supergroup, a series of mostly altered, andesitic volcanic and volcaniclastic rocks partially exposed in mountains on the eastern margin of YNP, produces high-amplitude, positive magnetic
Monitoring and reconstruction of a chairlift midway station in creeping permafrost terrain, Gr�chen, Swiss Alps
The midway station of a chairlift located in the ski resort Gr�chen (Swiss Alps) was originally built in 1997 at 2453�m ASL in alpine permafrost terrain. The chairlift conveys 300,000�330,000 passengers every winter season and constitutes an important link between two cable cars in the ski area. In winter 1997�1998, it became evident that the terrain at the mid-way station was unstable: one of the two concrete foundations started to creep and settle rapidly and cracks formed in the structure. To investigate the properties of the ground, two 25�m boreholes were drilled near the foundations and equipped with inclinometer casings and thermistors. The presence of permafrost with an exceptionally thick active layer and a 20-m talik containing water was confirmed. The horizontal and vertical deformation rates of the ground attained very high values between 2002 and 2003. As a consequence, and in the interest of the safety of the passengers, the original midway station had to be destroyed and a specially developed new station was built in 2003. The excavation trench was lined with insulating material in order to avoid thermal disturbance of the underlying permafrost by hydration heat. The new foundation consists of a concrete T-girder with three point bearings. Repositioning of the entire structure in response to creep is possible, due to the unique character of the structural bearings which can be raised or lowered using hydraulic cylinders and steel plates. The thermal regime of the entire structure, ground temperatures and slope movements continue to be monitored to determine the long-term evolution of the mid-way station.
M. Phillips; F. Ladner; M. M�ller; U. Sambeth; J. Sorg; Ph. Teysseire
Parameterizing energy conversion on rough topography
Parameterizing energy conversion on rough topography using bottom pressure sensors to measure form and mixing U0 Form drag pressure Tidal energy conversion Form drag causes: - internal wave generation - eddy Sound, WA Point Three Tree Previous work McCabe et al., 2006 > Measured the internal form drag
Warner, Sally
Loan payment prediction using rough sets
In small business loans, there is always a risk for nonpayment or non-refunding of loans though very detailed examinations are made about the company. In this study, behaviors that increase the risk in loans or causing non-refunding are tried to be determined ... Keywords: classification, loan payment failure, prediction, rough sets
Bahadtin Ruzgar; Nursel Selver Ruzgar
LESSONS LEARNED FROM A LANDFILL SLOPE FAILURE INVOLVING GEOSYTNTHETICS Virginia L. Wilson.L. Soderman and G.P. Raymond November 12, 1998 #12;LESSONS LEARNED FROM A LANDFILL SLOPE FAILURE INVOLVING slopes at waste containment facilities. The Geneva Landfill is located near Geneva, Ohio which
Solar radiation on variously oriented sloping surfaces
Monthly average daily irradiation on surfaces tilted towards the equator and also inclined at various azimuth angles are estimated for two locations in Lesotho and the results are presented. The isotropic model suggested by Liu and Jordan (Trans. of Ashrae, 526, 1962) along with the modified equation of Klein (Solar Energy, 19, 4, 1977) are employed for the estimation purposes. Surface orientations are selected at three inclinations for six different azimuth angles. Conclusions are reached for optimum tilt and orientation for summer, winter and annual collection. Total annual radiation values are computed for all the slopes and orientations.
Gopinathan, K.K. (National Univ. of Lesotho, Roma (South Africa))
MESOSCALE MODELLING OF WIND ENERGY OVER NON-HOMOGENEOUS TERRAIN (ReviewArticle) Y. MAHRER.1. OBSERVATIONALAPPROACHES Evaluations of wind energy based on wind observations (usually surface winds) at well, the resolution of the wind energy pattern throughout an extended area by this methodology requires a large number
Pielke, Roger A.
Nathan Holmberg Modeling of Turbulent Water over Natural Terrain
Nathan Holmberg 2514355 1 Modeling of Turbulent Water over Natural Terrain Project Report Abstract of this project is to try to model flowing water in rivers, over waterfalls etc with the intent that the model can to represent certain effects, such as the motion of deep water waves to the exclusion of all else, to more
Goodman, James R.
Formal Concept Analysis Based on Rough Set Theory and a Construction Algorithm of Rough Concept Lattice
FCA(Formal Concept Analysis), which is accurate and complete in knowledge representation, is an effective tool for data analysis and knowledge discovery. A new lattice structure named RCL (Rough Concept Lattice) ...
Haifeng Yang
Rough Mereological Reasoning in Rough Set Theory: Recent Results and Problems
This article comes up a couple of months after the death of Professor Zdzis?aw Pawlak who created in 1982 the theory of rough sets as a vehicle to carry out Concept...
Correlating toughness and roughness in ductile fracture
Three dimensional calculations of ductile crack growth under mode I plane strain, small scale yielding conditions are carried out using an elastic-viscoplastic constitutive relation for a progres- sively cavitating plastic solid with two populations of void nucleating second phase particles. Full field solutions are obtained for three dimensional material microstructures characterized by ran- dom distributions of void nucleating particles. Crack growth resistance curves and fracture surface roughness statistics are calculated using standard procedures. The range of void nucleating particle volume fractions considered give rise to values of toughness, JIC, that vary by a factor of four. For all volume fractions considered, the computed fracture surfaces are self-affine over a size range of about two orders of magnitude with a roughness exponent of 0.54 $\\pm$ 0.03. For small void nucleating particle volume fractions, the mean large particle spacing serves as a single dominant length scale. In this regime, the c...
Ponson, Laurent; Osovski, Shmulik; Bouchaud, Elisabeth; Tvergaard, Viggo; Needleman, Alan
Smith-Purcell Radiation from Rough Surfaces
Radiation of a charged particle moving parallel to a inhomogeneous surface is considered. Within a single formalism periodic and random gratings are examined. For the periodically inhomogeneous surface we derive new expressions for the dispersion relation and the spectral-angular intensity. In particular, for a given observation direction two wavelengths are emitted instead of one wavelength of the standard Smith-Purcell effect. For a rough surface we show that the main contribution to the radiation intensity is given by surface polaritons induced on the interface between two media. These polaritons are multiply scattered on the roughness of surface and convert into real photons. The spectral-angular intensity is calculated and its dependence on different parameters is revealed.
Gevorkian, Zh S
A wind tunnel boundary-layer simulation of wind flow over complex terrain: Effect of terrain and model construction
The report presents the results of a wind-tunnel study of the flow of the natural wind over complex terrain. A 1:4000 undistorted scale model of Gebbies Pass in the South Island of New Zealand was prepared and...
D. Neal; D. C. Stevenson; D. Lindley
On multi-granulation covering rough sets
Abstract Recently, much attention has been given to multi-granulation rough sets (MGRS) and different kinds of multi-granulation rough set models have been developed from various viewpoints. In this paper, we propose four types of multi-granulation covering rough set (MGCRS) models under covering approximation space, where a target concept is approximated by employing the maximal or minimal descriptors of objects in a given universe of discourse U. And then, we investigate a number of basic properties of the four types of MGCRS models, and discuss the relationships and differences among the classical MGRS model and our MGCRS models. Moreover, the conditions for two distinct MGCRS models which produce identical lower and upper approximations of a target concept in a covering approximation space are also studied. Finally, the relationships among the four types of MGCRS models are explored. We find that for any subset X ? U , the lower approximations of X and the upper approximations of X under the four types of MGCRS models can construct a lattice, if we consider the binary relation of inclusion.
Caihui Liu; Duoqian Miao; Jin Qian
Dendrogeomorphic approach to estimating slope retreat, Maxey Flats, Kentucky
A dendrogeomorphic study of slope retreat was conducted at the Maxey Flats nuclear-waste disposal site in northeastern Kentucky. Tree roots exposed by surface lowering were used as an indicator of ground surface at the time of germination. The amount of lowering was measured and divided by tree-ring-determined tree age. Surface lowering and slope degradation rates were estimated for three slopes below waste-burial trenches and compared with data obtained from sediment troughs and erosion frames at the site. Mean rates of slope retreat ranged from 1.92 to 3.16 mm/yr. Sediment-trough results are two to three orders of magnitude less than dendrogeomorphic and erosion-frame estimates of slope degradation, which suggests that piping and solution-weathering processes may be important in slope degradation. Slope aspect and declivity may be important factors affecting retreat of slopes with a uniform lithology. Dendrogeomorphic techniques provide results comparable to those in the literature and offer a rapid method for estimating slope retreat that integrates slope processes over many years.
Hupp, C.R. (Geological Survey, Reston, VA (USA)); Carey, W.P. (Geological Survey, Lakewood, CO (USA))
FFf Task 222.01.01 FFf Task 222.01.01 ADDENDUM REPORT Alaska North Slope Oil and Gas A Promising Future or an Area in Decline? DOE/NETL-2009/1385 April 2009 ii Disclaimer This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe probably owned rights. References herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise, does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement,
Decision-theoretic Rough Sets and Beyond Zdzislaw Pawlak introduced rough sets 30 years ago as a theory for data analysis and
Decision-theoretic Rough Sets and Beyond Zdzislaw Pawlak introduced rough sets 30 years ago as a theory for data analysis and classification. Rough. Fundamental notions of rough sets are knowledge granulation induced by grouping objects
Research on Rough Set Theory and Applications in China
This article gives a capsule view of research on rough set theory and applications ongoing at universities and ... China. Included in this capsule view of rough set research is a brief description of the followin...
Guoyin Wang; Qinghua Zhang; Houkuan Huang; Dongyi Ye�
On the Climate Impact of Surface Roughness Anomalies
Large-scale deployment of wind power may alter climate through alteration of surface roughness. Previous research using GCMs has shown large-scale impacts of surface roughness perturbations but failed to elucidate the dynamic mechanisms that ...
Daniel B. Kirk-Davidoff; David W. Keith
Diffuse scattering of hard x rays from rough surfaces
The diffuse scattering of hard x rays from rough solid surfaces has been measured and described quantitatively in terms of an improved distorted-wave Born approximation. The rough surface is characterized by the rms roughness ?, the height-height correlation length ?, and the roughness exponent h. The value for ? is in excellent agreement with that deduced from reflectivity. The significance of the parameters ?, ?, and h is tested by comparison with the results obtained from scanning force mircoscopy.
Wolfgang Weber and Bruno Lengeler
ASES 2003, Austin TX and submitted for publication in Solar Energy ASES 2003, Austin TX and submitted for publication in Solar Energy PRODUCING SATELLITE-DERIVED IRRADIANCES IN COMPLEX ARID TERRAIN Richard Perez & Marek Kmiecik ASRC, the University at Albany 251 Fuller Rd. Albany, NY 12203 email@example.com Pierre Ineichen, CUEPE, University of Geneva 7 Route de Drize 1227 Carouge, Switzerland firstname.lastname@example.com Marek Kmiecik, ASRC Kathleen Moore, IED 251 Fuller Rd. Albany, NY 12203 email@example.com David Renne & Ray George NREL 1617 Cole Blvd. Golden, CO 80401 drenne / email@example.com ABSTRACT This paper describes a methodology to correct satellite- derived irradiances over complex terrain. The correction applies to satellite models using visible images from geostationary satellites. 1. DESCRIPTION OF CURRENT MODEL
Assessment of structurally-controlled slope failure mechanisms and remedial design considerations at a feldspar open pit mine, Western Turkey
Abstract A variety of structural discontinuities crossing the slopes of Alipasa feldspar open pit mine, in western Turkey, caused different types of slope failures which led to interruptions in ore production. Thereupon, extensive geotechnical investigations, including geological characterization, in-situ and laboratory geotechnical testing, long-term movement monitoring, back-analyses and possible remedial measures, were conducted. Field observations and subsequent analyses suggested that the failures were limited to benches and the movement developed down-slope along discontinuities due to the following reasons: (i) unfavorable orientations of the foliation planes and joints, (ii) low shear strength along discontinuities and (iii) exceptionally heavy rains filling the tension cracks prior to failure. Comparisons between movement vectors and orientation of discontinuities showed a good agreement that indicates two types of instability, namely, planar and wedge failures. A back analysis procedure for the assessment of failures along the rough discontinuities, with non-linear failure envelopes, was successfully applied to the unstable slopes in the pit. The results of the 2-D limit equilibrium back-analyses and movement monitoring data suggested that the wedges and/or planar blocks formed at the uppermost benches tended to move down to fill the gap which resulted from the previous movement of the blocks in the benches. Remedial measures such as dewatering and reduction of height of the benches were suggested. Results of stability analyses conducted for possible remedial measures were presented and discussed.
Hakan Tanyas; Resat Ulusay
Resisting globalization- ATTAC in France: local discourses, global terrain
, social movements in France appeared to run out of raison d??tre, as enthusiasm for collective action gave away to a new individualism and, the Left, which was in power, along with the country itself started to confront the effects of a deregulated... RESISTING GLOBALIZATION ATTAC IN FRANCE: LOCAL DISCOURSES, GLOBAL TERRAIN A Dissertation by MARIE DES NEIGES LEONARD Submitted to the Office of Graduate Studies of Texas A&M University in partial fulfillment of the requirements...
Leonard, Marie des Neiges
Rough-Fuzzy MLP: Modular Evolution, Rule Generation, and Evaluation
they are integrated and evolved. Rough set dependency rules are generated directly from the real valued attribute Terms--Soft computing, knowledge-based fuzzy networks, rough sets, genetic algorithms, pattern efficient systems in soft computing paradigm. Recently, the theory of rough sets [2], [3] has emerged
Mitra, Sushmita
with respect to [12], and set the basis of a real rough path expansion in order to define and solve equation (2ROUGH EVOLUTION EQUATIONS MASSIMILIANO GUBINELLI AND SAMY TINDEL Abstract. We show how to generalize Lyons' rough paths theory in order to give a pathwise meaning to some non-linear infinite
Tindel, Samy - Institut de Mathématiques �?lie Cartan, Université Henri Poincaré
ROUGH SET APPROXIMATIONS: A CONCEPT ANALYSIS POINT OF VIEW Yiyu Yao University of Regina, Regina and content of data, definable concepts, lower and upper ap- proximations, rough set approximations Contents 1. Conclusion Bibliography Biographical Sketches Summary Rough set theory was proposed by Pawlak for analyzing
A study of the rough set for image understanding
A study of the rough set approach for image understanding by Peter Golibrzuch Supervisor: Prof. Dr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 2.4 Discussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 3 Rough Sets 15 3.1 Classical Set Theory and Rough Sets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 3.2 Information Systems
Rough Set Approximations in Formal Concept Analysis and Knowledge Spaces
Rough Set Approximations in Formal Concept Analysis and Knowledge Spaces Feifei Xu1,2 , Yiyu Yao2 a generalized definition of rough set approximations, based on a subsystem of subsets of a universe. The sub set approximations. 1 Introduction Rough set theory [6, 7] is an extension of the set theory with two
Probabilistic Approaches to Rough Sets Department of Computer Science
Probabilistic Approaches to Rough Sets Y.Y. Yao Department of Computer Science University of Regina reviews probabilistic approaches to rough sets in gran- ulation, approximation, and rule induction and probabilistic rough set approximations are studied. The probabilistic approximations are defined in a decision
Rough Sets and Matroids Victor W. Marek1
Rough Sets and Matroids Victor W. Marek1 and Andrzej Skowron2 1 Department of Computer Science and Zhu [2] and discuss some consequences of that and related facts for the development of rough set theory. Key words: rough set, matroid 1 Introduction The goal of this note is to provide a proof
Relational Interpretations of Neighborhood Operators Rough Set Approximation Operators
Relational Interpretations of Neighborhood Operators and Rough Set Approximation Operators Y.Y. Yao and rough set approximations using the more familiar notion of binary relations. A special class of neigh sets, partitions, coverings. 1 INTRODUCTION The theory of rough sets is motivated by practical needs
Generalized Rough Set Models Department of Computer Science
Generalized Rough Set Models Y.Y. Yao Department of Computer Science Lakehead University Thunder the rough set theory in early eighties, many proposals have been made for generalizing and interpreting rough sets [3, 4, 19, 27, 37, 38, 39, 46, 47, 51, 52, 54, 55, 63, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 83, 92
Scattering by infinite one-dimensional rough surfaces
...wave scattering by infinite rough surfaces and interfaces (see...but only if we assume that the rough surface approaches a flat boundary...plane-wave incidence), if our rough surface is periodic and the...we denote by BC(V ) the set of functions bounded and continuous...
Attribute Reduction in Decision-Theoretic Rough Set Models
Attribute Reduction in Decision-Theoretic Rough Set Models Yiyu Yao, Yan Zhao Department of Computer Science, University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada S4S 0A2 Abstract Rough set theory can, and interpreted by, a decision-theoretic model, which is a probabilistic extension of the Pawlak rough set model
Spinning rough disc moving in a rarefied medium
...body under consideration is a rough disc, that is, a set obtained from a circle by...Triangular cavity. The sets B m representing the rough disc B are regular m-gons...2009 bBilliard scattering on rough sets:two-dimensional caseSIAM...
ROUGH VOLTERRA EQUATIONS 1: THE ALGEBRAIC INTEGRATION SETTING. AUR�?LIEN DEYA AND SAMY TINDEL of the rough path theory called algebraic integration. In the Young case, that is for a driving signal with Volterra equations driven by rough paths. For an arbitrary positive constant T, this kind of equation can
ROUGH VOLTERRA EQUATIONS 1: THE ALGEBRAIC INTEGRATION SETTING AUR´ELIEN DEYA AND SAMY TINDEL of the rough path theory called algebraic integration. In the Young case, that is for a driving signal with H equations driven by rough paths. For an arbitrary positive constant T, this kind of equation can be written
Paris-Sud XI, Université de
A New Approach to Fuzzy-Rough Nearest Neighbour Classification
-norm), as well as with the recently introduced vaguely quantified rough sets. Preliminary results are very good- gredients of rough set theory, i.e., lower and upper approximation. In this paper, therefore, we present, including the traditional implicator/t-norm based model [13], as well as the vaguely quantified rough set
Rough Set Approximation Framework for Smarter Vertical Handovers
2010 Rough Set Approximation Framework for Smarter Vertical Handovers Nalin ChakooO, Saewoong to support seamless mobility. In this paper, we propose rough set based decision framework for vertical handoff in heterogeneous networks. We apply fuzzy decision to fuzzy-rough set which gives us the advantage
Bahk, Saewoong
Learning Optimal Parameters in Decision-Theoretic Rough Sets
Learning Optimal Parameters in Decision-Theoretic Rough Sets Joseph P. Herbert JingTao Yao]@cs.uregina.ca Abstract. A game-theoretic approach for learning optimal parameter values for probabilistic rough set. The decision-theoretic rough set model acquires initial values for these parameters through a combination
ROUGH VOLTERRA EQUATIONS 1: THE ALGEBRAIC INTEGRATION SETTING. AUR�?LIEN DEYA AND SAMY TINDEL, the main dierence between classical dierential equations driven by rough signals and our Volterra setting of the rough path theory called algebraic integration. In the Young case, that is for a driving signal
Deya, Aurélien - Institut de Mathématiques �?lie Cartan, Université Henri Poincaré
An Incremental, Probabilistic Rough Set Approach to Rule Discovery
1 An Incremental, Probabilistic Rough Set Approach to Rule Discovery Ning Zhong, JuZhen Dong, Setsuo Ohsuga, Tsau Young Lin Abstract--- This paper introduces an incremental, proba bilistic rough set. The approach is based on the combination of Generaliza tion Distribution Table (GDT) and the rough set
Fuzzy Rough Sets: from Theory into Practice Chris Cornelis1
Fuzzy Rough Sets: from Theory into Practice Chris Cornelis1 , Martine De Cock1 , Anna Maria 1, 00-661 Warsaw, Poland firstname.lastname@example.com Abstract Fuzzy sets and rough sets address two], 1965), as well as the slightly younger rough sets (Pawlak [23], 1982), have left an important mark
Bounds on the electrical resistance between contacting elastic rough bodies
...conductance for the rough contact problem...be restricted to a set of microscopic `actual...comprises an in nite set of highly clustered...of indentation of a rough surface. These bounds...Consequences for fractal rough surfaces The bounds...comprises an in nite set of point contacts...
Generalization of Rough Sets Using Relationships Between Attribute Values
Generalization of Rough Sets Using Relationships Between Attribute Values Y.Y. Yao Department2 E-mail: email@example.com abstract The notion of rough sets is generalized by using an arbitrary attribute values. The adoption of other types of relations enables us to define various classes of rough set
Using Rough Sets Theory to predict German Word Stress
Using Rough Sets Theory to predict German Word Stress Stefan Rapp Michael Jessen Grzegorz Dogil 14 Rough Set Theory [Paw82, Paw91] is a framework for reasonably deal ing with imprecise or uncertain data application of a Rough Set based machine learning algorithm is presented that can predict german word stress
Reyle, Uwe
Fuzzy Rough Positive Region based Nearest Neighbour Classification
, Wales, UK Email: firstname.lastname@example.com Abstract--This paper proposes a classifier that uses fuzzy rough set fuzzy rough set theory to improve the FNN algorithm have some shortcomings and we overcome them by using vaguely quantified rough sets (VQRSs, [7]). In this paper, we show that FRNN only takes into account one
Multi-Adjoint Fuzzy Rough Sets Chris Cornelisa,1
Multi-Adjoint Fuzzy Rough Sets Chris Cornelisa,1 , Jes´us Medinab,2 , Nele Verbiesta a Department/t-norm based fuzzy rough set model based on a family of adjoint pairs. Rather than using a fixed implicator use in data reduction. 1. Introduction Fuzzy sets and rough sets model two complementary
Uncertainty measures of rough set prediction Ivo Dntsch
Uncertainty measures of rough set prediction Ivo Düntsch School of Information and Software in rough set data analysis, the approximation quality, is of limited value when there is a choice of competing models for predicting a decision variable. In keeping within the rough set philosophy of non
Statistical Evaluation of Rough Set Dependency Analysis Ivo Dntsch1
Statistical Evaluation of Rough Set Dependency Analysis Ivo Düntsch1 School of Information authorship implied #12;Summary Rough set data analysis (RSDA) has recently become a frequently studied databases; it is, however, not clear from within the methods of rough set analysis, whether the extracted
Rough Sets, Kernel Set, and Spatiotemporal Outlier Detection
Rough Sets, Kernel Set, and Spatiotemporal Outlier Detection Alessia Albanese, Member, IEEE, Sankar with the outlier detection problem in spatiotemporal data and describe a rough set approach that finds the top outliers in an unlabeled spatiotemporal data set. The proposed method, called Rough Outlier Set Extraction
Pal, Sankar Kumar
Case Generation Using Rough Sets with Fuzzy Representation
Case Generation Using Rough Sets with Fuzzy Representation Sankar K. Pal, Fellow, IEEE, and Pabitra a fuzzy granulation of the feature space. Rough set theory is used to obtain dependency rules which model-life data sets. Index Terms--Case-based reasoning, linguistic representation, rough dependency rules
Mitra, Pabitra
Theory of free surface flow over rough seeping beds
...horizontal bed is assumed to be rough consisting of sediment...the other hand, in the rough flow regime (Re *70...the introduction, the set of equations (3.2...turbulent flow over a rough planar sand bed. The...The flow conditions were set in such a way that sediment...
Constructive and Algebraic Methods of the Theory of Rough Sets
Constructive and Algebraic Methods of the Theory of Rough Sets Y.Y. Yao Department of email@example.com This paper reviews and compares constructive and algebraic approaches in the study of rough sets operators using the binary relation. Different classes of rough set algebras are obtained from different
E-Print Network 3.0 - all terrain vehicles Sample Search Results
terrain vehicles Search Powered by Explorit Topic List Advanced Search Sample search results for: all terrain vehicles Page: << < 1 2 3 4 5 > >> 1 EHS 2-14 December 2008 DEPARTMENT...
Sustainable Slope Stabilization Using Recycled Plastic Pin In Texas.
??Hossain, Md. Sahadat Shallow slope failures are predominant in the North Texas area and pose significant maintenance problems for the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT).� (more)
Khan, Mohammad Sadik
Humans exploit the biomechanics of bipedal gait during visually guided walking over complex terrain
...complex terrain such as a rocky trail? Recent research...of human walking over flat, obstacle-free terrain...efficiency of human walking in flat, obstacle-free environments...complex terrain such as a rocky trail. In this study...efficiency of human walking in flat, obstacle-free environments...
Wind Regimes in Complex Terrain of the Great Valley of Eastern Tennessee
This research was designed to provide an understanding of physical wind mechanisms within the complex terrain of the Great Valley of Eastern Tennessee to assess the impacts of regional air flow with regard to synoptic and mesoscale weather changes, wind direction shifts, and air quality. Meteorological data from 2008 2009 were analyzed from 13 meteorological sites along with associated upper level data. Up to 15 ancillary sites were used for reference. Two-step complete linkage and K-means cluster analyses, synoptic weather studies, and ambient meteorological comparisons were performed to generate hourly wind classifications. These wind regimes revealed seasonal variations of underlying physical wind mechanisms (forced channeled, vertically coupled, pressure-driven, and thermally-driven winds). Synoptic and ambient meteorological analysis (mixing depth, pressure gradient, pressure gradient ratio, atmospheric and surface stability) suggested up to 93% accuracy for the clustered results. Probabilistic prediction schemes of wind flow and wind class change were developed through characterization of flow change data and wind class succession. Data analysis revealed that wind flow in the Great Valley was dominated by forced channeled winds (45 67%) and vertically coupled flow (22 38%). Down-valley pressure-driven and thermally-driven winds also played significant roles (0 17% and 2 20%, respectively), usually accompanied by convergent wind patterns (15 20%) and large wind direction shifts, especially in the Central/Upper Great Valley. The behavior of most wind regimes was associated with detectable pressure differences between the Lower and Upper Great Valley. Mixing depth and synoptic pressure gradients were significant contributors to wind pattern behavior. Up to 15 wind classes and 10 sub-classes were identified in the Central Great Valley with 67 joined classes for the Great Valley at-large. Two-thirds of Great Valley at-large flow was defined by 12 classes. Winds flowed on-axis only 40% of the time. The Great Smoky Mountains helped create down-valley pressure-driven winds, downslope mountain breezes, and divergent air flow. The Cumberland Mountains and Plateau were associated with wind speed reductions in the Central Great Valley, Emory Gap Flow, weak thermally-driven winds, and northwesterly down sloping. Ridge-and-valley terrain enhanced wind direction reversals, pressure-driven winds, as well as locally and regionally produced thermally-driven flow.
Birdwell, Kevin R [ORNL
The Effect of Slope in the Casimir Rack Gear
The effect of slope for the rack gear in the massless scalar field model is considered. It appears, that the slope of profile surfaces can essentially change the value of normal Casimir force, whereas average value of tangential force remains almost unchanged. At the same time we observe essential shift of maximum and minimum tangential force positions.
Yuliya Voronina; Petr Silaev
Suspended sediment and hydrodynamics above mildly sloped long wave ripples
Suspended sediment and hydrodynamics above mildly sloped long wave ripples Yeon S. Chang of suspended sediment and the associated hydrodynamics over mildly sloped long wave ripples on the inner shelf m. The vertical and temporal structures of the suspended sediment concentration (SSC) are consistent
Kirby, James T.
Appendix II. Calculation of Slope Factors for Naturally Occurring Radionuclides
Appendix II. Calculation of Slope Factors for Naturally Occurring Radionuclides In developing calculates the slope factors for the naturally occurring radionuclides under consideration. The Radionuclide products with half-lives of less than 6 months). As explained below, naturally occurring radionuclides
Project Aids Development of Legacy Oilfield on Alaska's North Slope |
Project Aids Development of Legacy Oilfield on Alaska's North Project Aids Development of Legacy Oilfield on Alaska's North Slope Project Aids Development of Legacy Oilfield on Alaska's North Slope October 18, 2013 - 11:52am Addthis Project Aids Development of Legacy Oilfield on Alaskaâs North Slope Quick Facts The National Petroleum Reserve was created by President Warren G, Harding in 1923 when the U.S. Navy was converting from coal to oil. The reserve spans 22 million acres across the western North Slope of Alaska-the largest single unit of public lands in the nation. The 800-mile-long trans-Alaska pipeline carries oil from Prudhoe Bay, on Alaska's North Slope, to Valdez, Alaska, the nearest ice-free port. More than 16 million barrels of oil have traveled through the pipeline since the first barrel flowed in 1977.
On-the-Fly Decompression and Rendering of Multiresolution Terrain
We present a streaming geometry compression codec for multiresolution, uniformly-gridded, triangular terrain patches that supports very fast decompression. Our method is based on linear prediction and residual coding for lossless compression of the full-resolution data. As simplified patches on coarser levels in the hierarchy already incur some data loss, we optionally allow further quantization for more lossy compression. The quantization levels are adaptive on a per-patch basis, while still permitting seamless, adaptive tessellations of the terrain. Our geometry compression on such a hierarchy achieves compression ratios of 3:1 to 12:1. Our scheme is not only suitable for fast decompression on the CPU, but also for parallel decoding on the GPU with peak throughput over 2 billion triangles per second. Each terrain patch is independently decompressed on the fly from a variable-rate bitstream by a GPU geometry program with no branches or conditionals. Thus we can store the geometry compressed on the GPU, reducing storage and bandwidth requirements throughout the system. In our rendering approach, only compressed bitstreams and the decoded height values in the view-dependent 'cut' are explicitly stored on the GPU. Normal vectors are computed in a streaming fashion, and remaining geometry and texture coordinates, as well as mesh connectivity, are shared and re-used for all patches. We demonstrate and evaluate our algorithms on a small prototype system in which all compressed geometry fits in the GPU memory and decompression occurs on the fly every rendering frame without any cache maintenance.
Lindstrom, P; Cohen, J D
Surface roughness of anodized titanium coatings.
Samples of grade five 6Al4V titanium alloy were coated with two commercial fluoropolymer anodizations (Tiodize and Canadize) and compared. Neither coating demonstrates significant outgassing. The coatings show very similar elemental analysis, except for the presence of lead in the Canadize coating, which may account for its lower surface friction in humid environments. Surface roughness has been compared by SEM, contact profilometry, optical profilometry, power spectral density and bidirectional scattering distribution function (BSDF). The Tiodize film is slightly smoother by all measurement methods, but the Canadize film shows slightly less scatter at all angles of incidence. Both films exhibited initial friction coefficients of 0.2 to 0.4, increasing to 0.4 to 0.8 after 1000 cycles of sliding due to wear of the coating and ball. The coatings are very similar and should behave identically in most applications.
Dugger, Michael Thomas; Chinn, Douglas Alan
A minimal axiom group for rough set based on quasi-ordering
Rough set axiomatization is one aspect of rough set study to characterize rough set theory using dependable and minimal axiom groups. Thus, rough set theory can be studied by logic and axiom system methods. The c...
Jian-hua Dai; Wei-dong Chen; Yun-he Pan
Improving the Scalability of Reduct Determination in Rough Sets.
??Rough Set Data Analysis (RSDA) is a non-invasive data analysis approach that solely relies on the data to find patterns and decision rules. Despite its� (more)
Mahmood, Shahid
Algebraic approach to dependency of knowledge on rough set
The explosion of knowledge crops up embarrassing situations for the human beings to advance the research work in respect of comprehending uncertainty. A number of critical studies by the researchers had developed new theories and models in the past decades about roughness and fuzziness of the objects. Rough set and intuitionistic fuzzy set are some advancing theories which help the quest of dealing with vagueness and uncertainty. The present paper aims at drawing rough set and intuitionistic fuzzy sets together for establishing a new concept of rough intuitionistic fuzzy set in algebraic method where core and dependency of knowledge has been re-conceptualised for a boarder perspective.
Debadutta Mohanty
Effects of Atomic Scale Roughness at Metal/insulator Interfaces...
Work Function. Effects of Atomic Scale Roughness at Metalinsulator Interfaces on Metal Work Function. Abstract: We evaluate the performance of different van der Waals (vdW)...
Rough surface mitigates electron and gas emission
Heavy-ion beams impinging on surfaces near grazing incidence (to simulate the loss of halo ions) generate copious amounts of electrons and gas that can degrade the beam. We measured emission coefficients of {eta}{sub e} {le} 130 and {eta}{sub 0} {approx} 10{sup 4} respectively, with 1 MeV K{sup +} incident on stainless steel. Electron emission scales as {eta}{sub e} {proportional_to} 1/cos({theta}), where {theta} is the ion angle of incidence relative to normal. If we were to roughen a surface by blasting it with glass beads, then ions that were near grazing incidence (90{sup o}) on smooth surface would strike the rims of the micro-craters at angles closer to normal incidence. This should reduce the electron emission: the factor of 10 reduction, Fig. 1(a), implies an average angle of incidence of 62{sup o}. Gas desorption varies more slowly with {theta} (Fig. 1(b)) decreasing a factor of {approx}2, and along with the electron emission is independent of the angle of incidence on a rough surface. In a quadrupole magnet, electrons emitted by lost primary ions are trapped near the wall by the magnetic field, but grazing incidence ions can backscatter and strike the wall a second time at an azimuth where magnetic field lines intercept the beam. Then, electrons can exist throughout the beam (see the simulations of Cohen, HIF News 1-2/04). The SRIM (TRIM) Monte Carlo code predicts that 60-70% of 1 MeV K{sup +} ions backscatter when incident at 88-89{sup o} from normal on a smooth surface. The scattered ions are mostly within {approx}10{sup o} of the initial direction but a few scatter by up to 90{sup o}. Ion scattering decreases rapidly away from grazing incidence, Fig. 1(c ). At 62 deg. the predicted ion backscattering (from a rough surface) is 3%, down a factor of 20 from the peak, which should significantly reduce electrons in the beam from lost halo ions. These results are published in Phys. Rev. ST - Accelerators and Beams.
Molvik, A
Newly Installed Alaska North Slope Well Will Test Innovative Hydrate
Newly Installed Alaska North Slope Well Will Test Innovative Newly Installed Alaska North Slope Well Will Test Innovative Hydrate Production Technologies Newly Installed Alaska North Slope Well Will Test Innovative Hydrate Production Technologies May 17, 2011 - 1:00pm Addthis Washington, DC - A fully instrumented well that will test innovative technologies for producing methane gas from hydrate deposits has been safely installed on the North Slope of Alaska. As a result, the "Iġnik Sikumi" (Iñupiaq for "fire in the ice") gas hydrate field trial well will be available for field experiments as early as winter 2011-12. The well, the result of a partnership between ConocoPhillips and the Office of Fossil Energy's (FE) National Energy Technology Laboratory, will test a technology that involves injecting carbon dioxide (CO2) into sandstone
Hadronic cross sections, elastic slope and physical bounds
An almost model-independent parametrization for the ratio of the total hadronic cross section to elastic slope is discussed. Its applicability in studies of asymptotia and analyses of extensive air shower in cosmic-ray physics is also outlined.
Fagundes, D. A.; Menon, M. J. [Instituto de Fisica Gleb Wataghin, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, UNICAMP, 13083-859 Campinas SP (Brazil)
Atmospheric studies in complex terrain: a planning guide for future studies
The objective of this study is to assist the US Department of Energy in Conducting its atmospheric studies in complex terrain (ASCOT0 by defining various complex terrain research systems and relating these options to specific landforms sites. This includes: (1) reviewing past meteorological and diffusion research on complex terrain; (2) relating specific terrain-induced airflow phenomena to specific landforms and time and space scales; (3) evaluating the technical difficulty of modeling and measuring terrain-induced airflow phenomena; and (4) avolving severdal research options and proposing candidate sites for continuing and expanding field and modeling work. To evolve research options using variable candidate sites, four areas were considered: site selection, terrain uniqueness and quantification, definition of research problems and research plans. 36 references, 111 figures, 20 tables.
Orgill, M.M.
Counterintuitive MCNPX Results for Scintillator Surface Roughness Effect
We have reported on our recent MCNPX simulation results of energy deposition for a group of 8 scintillation detectors, coupled with various rough surface patterns. The MCNPX results generally favored the detectors with various rough surface patterns. The observed MCNPX results are not fully explained by this work.
Integrating rough set and genetic algorithm for negative rule extraction
Rule extraction is an important issue in data mining field. In this paper, we study the extraction problem for the complete negative rules of the form �R ? �D. By integrating rough set theory and genetic algorithm, we propose ... Keywords: genetic algorithm, negative rule, rough sets, rule extraction
Junyu Liu; Yubao Liu; Yan Long
Discovering Concurrent Process Models in Data: A Rough Set Approach
The aim of the lecture is to provide a survey of state of the art related to a research direction concerning relationships between rough set theory and concurrency in the context of process mining in data. The main goal of this review is the general ... Keywords: Knowledge discovery, Petri nets, concurrent systems, data mining, process mining, rough sets
Zbigniew Suraj
Net radiation balance for two forested slopes on opposite sides of a valley
...Measurements of the net radiation balance of two forested sites on the opposite slopes of a valley in south-western Germany, made over 3 ... -slope than on the NE-slope. For long-wave radiation only small diff...
T. Holst; J. Rost; H. Mayer
Wheel Design and Tension Analysis for the Tethered Axel Rover on Extreme Terrain
and then present our experimental results from testing with different wheel designs on flat, sloped, and rocky
GIS-based kinematic slope instability and slope mass rating (SMR) maps: application to a railway route in Sivas (Turkey)
The paper discusses the use of kinematic stability and slope mass rating (SMR) maps in GIS based on field studies recording the relationships ... it is recommended that the construction of the maps by kinematic s...
I??k Yilmaz; Marian Marschalko�
Upcoming Funding Opportunity for Wind Forecasting Improvement Project in Complex Terrain
Broader source: Energy.gov [DOE]
The DOE Wind Program has issued a Notice of Intent for a funding opportunity, tentatively titled Wind Forecasting Improvement Project in Complex Terrain.
Area utilization efficiency of a sloping heliostat system for solar concentration
Area utilization efficiency (AUE) is formulated for a sloping heliostat system facing any direction. The effects of slope shading, incidence factor, sun shading, and tower blocking by...
Wei, Ling Y
Slope processes and strength of material in silt rich ravines in S�terdalen, Sweden.
?? Slope processes are important to understand if we are to protect fragile environments. Every year slope development in weak soils put nearby infrastructure in� (more)
Westrin, Pontus
Transport Theory for Shallow Water Propagation with Rough Boundaries
At frequencies of about 1 kHz and higher, forward scattering from a rough sea surface (and/or a rough bottom) can strongly affect shallow water propagation and reverberation. The need exists for a fast, yet accurate method for modeling such propagation where multiple forward scattering occurs. A transport theory method based on mode coupling is described that yields the first and second moments of the field. This approach shows promise for accurately treating multiple forward scattering in one-way propagation. The method is presently formulated in two space dimensions, and Monte-Carlo rough surface PE simulations are used for assessing the accuracy of transport theory results.
Thorsos, Eric I.; Henyey, Frank S.; Elam, W. T.; Hefner, Brian T.; Reynolds, Stephen A.; Yang Jie [Applied Physics Laboratory, University of Washington, 1013 NE 40th Street, Seattle, WA 98105 (United States)
Active Ankle Response for a 2-D Biped Robot with Terrain Contact Sensing
Active Ankle Response for a 2-D Biped Robot with Terrain Contact Sensing By Francis Hitschmann Submitted to the graduate degree program in Mechanical Engineering and the Graduate Faculty of the University of Kansas School... certifies that this is the approved Version of the following thesis: Active Ankle Response for a 2-D Biped Robot with Terrain Contact Sensing Committee: Chairperson* Date Approved...
Hitschmann, Francis Lee
1 ADVANCED DIGITAL TERRAIN ANALYSIS USING ROUGNESS-DISSECTIVITY PARAMETERS IN GIS Peter P. Siska is to develop new methods and procedures for terrain analyses within a GIS environment. The focus is to develop characteristics in one unified package and programmed in GIS using the ARC Macro Language (AML). The digital
Hung, I-Kuai
2012 IEEE International Conference on Granular Computing Generalized Infinitive Rough Sets Based on
2012 IEEE International Conference on Granular Computing Generalized Infinitive Rough Sets Based propose equivalent form of lower and upper approximations in binary relational rough set model in ways variable precision rough set model to variable precision binary relational rough set model. Index Terms-rough
North Slope Borough Power & Light | Open Energy Information
Slope Borough Power & Light Slope Borough Power & Light Jump to: navigation, search Name North Slope Borough Power & Light Place Alaska Utility Id 26616 Utility Location Yes Ownership M NERC Location AK Operates Generating Plant Yes Activity Generation Yes Activity Distribution Yes References EIA Form EIA-861 Final Data File for 2010 - File1_a[1] LinkedIn Connections CrunchBase Profile No CrunchBase profile. Create one now! This article is a stub. You can help OpenEI by expanding it. Utility Rate Schedules Grid-background.png Aged or Handicapped(seniors over 60) Residential Aged or Handicapped(seniors over 60) for Nuiqsut only Residential Commercial(Including Heat Trace) Commercial Commercial(Including Heat Trace) for Nuiqsut Commercial Residential Residential Residential (For Nuiqsut) Residential
Dark spot formation relative to ITO surface roughness for polyfluorene
Dark spot formation relative to ITO surface roughness for polyfluorene Dark spot formation relative to ITO surface roughness for polyfluorene devices Title Dark spot formation relative to ITO surface roughness for polyfluorene devices Publication Type Journal Article Year of Publication 2004 Authors Liu, Gao, John B. Kerr, and Stephen G. Johnson Journal Synthetic Metals Volume 144 Pagination 1-6 Keywords dark spot, failure mechanism, interface, ito surface, oled Abstract The failure behaviors of ITO/PEDOT;PSS/polyfluorene/Al devices are different depending on the surface roughness of the sputtered ITO anode film. The spikes on ITO surface are responsible for the initial local shorts of the device, which develop into dark spots very quickly. Indium adsorption is observed on the polymer and Al cathode interface. A chemical etching procedure is used to smoothen the ITO surface without changing the ITO thickness and the sheet resistance. Devices made out of smooth ITO show minimum changes at polymer-cathode interface during operation.
Hypersonic Measurements of Roughness-Induced Transient Growth
The effects of surface roughness on boundary-layer disturbance growth and laminar-to-turbulent transition are not well understood, especially in hypersonic boundary layers. The transient growth mechanism that produces algebraic growth of stream wise...
Sharp, Nicole Susanne
Influence of surface roughness and waviness upon thermal contact resistance
This work deals with the phenomenon of thermal resistance between contacting solids. Attention is directed towards contiguous solids possessing both surface roughness and waviness. When two such surfaces are brought together ...
Yovanovich, M. Michael
Ice friction: The effects of surface roughness, structure, and hydrophobicity
The effect of surface roughness, structure, and hydrophobicity on ice friction is studied systematically over a wide range of temperature and sliding speeds using several metallic interfaces. Hydrophobicity in combination with controlled roughness at the nanoscale is achieved by femtosecond laser irradiation to mimic the lotus effect on the slider's surface. The controlled roughness significantly increases the coefficient of friction at low sliding speeds and temperatures well below the ice melting point. However, at temperatures close to the melting point and relatively higher speeds, roughness and hydrophobicity significantly decrease ice friction. This decrease in friction is mainly due to the suppression of capillary bridges in spite of the presence of surface asperities that facilitate their formation. Finally, grooves oriented in the sliding direction also significantly decrease friction in the low velocity range compared to scratches and grooves randomly distributed over a surface.
Kietzig, Anne-Marie; Hatzikiriakos, Savvas G.; Englezos, Peter [Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3 (Canada)
Hardware Accelerator Design Based on Rough Set Philosophy
This paper presents a design of hardware accelerator for algorithms of rough set theory. A hardware implementation of incremental reduct ... becomes more visible when dealing with larger data sets.
K. S. Tiwari; A. G. Kothari�
The aim of the lecture is to provide a survey of state of the art related to a research direction concerning relationships between rough set theory and concurrency in the context of process mining in data. The...
PROPAGATION OF SINGULARITIES FOR ROUGH METRICS HART F. SMITH Abstract. We use a wave packet the Simons Foundation (# 266371 to Hart Smith). 1 #12;2 HART F. SMITH H¨ormander's theorem [9] on propagation
Smith, Hart F.
Effect of Surface Roughness on Wind Turbine Performance
Wind farm operators observe production deficits as machines age. Quantifying deterioration on individual components is difficult, but one potential explanation is accumulation of blade surface roughness. Historically, wind turbine airfoils were...
Ehrmann, Robert Schaefer
The 2004 North Slope of Alaska Arctic Winter Radiometric Experiment
2004 North Slope of Alaska 2004 North Slope of Alaska Arctic Winter Radiometric Experiment E. R. Westwater, M. A. Klein, and V. Leuski Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences University of Colorado National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Environmental Technology Laboratory Boulder, Colorado A. J. Gasiewski, T. Uttal, and D. A. Hazen National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Environmental Technology Laboratory Boulder, Colorado D. Cimini Remote Sensing Division, CETEMPS Universita' dell'Aquila L'Aquila, Italy V. Mattioli Dipartimento di Ingegneria Elettronica e dell'Informazione Perugia, Italy B. L. Weber and S. Dowlatshahi Science Technology Corporation Boulder, Colorado J. A. Shaw Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
Sensitivity of soil loss equations to slope classifications
Watershed 0. 42 0 0. 42 Miles Figure 2. Contour map of Big Branch watershed in central Arkansas Digitized Contour Lines CREATETIN TINLATTICE DEM Figure 3. Procedures involved in creating DEM 15 Grid, ceU and cell size A grid is an ARC/INFO data.... 2 % ? 4 % 4%- 5% [ffii 5 % ? 6 % ~ 6%- 8% 111 s % - 10 % ~ Wehvehed 0. 43 0 0. 43 Miles N Figure 17. Slope cover of Big Branch watershed in central Arkansas based on slope scheme C 48 After the overlay operation, the attribute data...
Chen, Hong-Wen
Effect of surface roughness and adsorbates on superlubricity
We study the sliding of elastic solids in adhesive contact with flat and rough interfaces. We consider the dependence of the sliding friction on the elastic modulus of the solids. For elastically hard solids with planar surfaces with incommensurate surface structures we observe extremely low friction (superlubricity), which very abruptly increases as the elastic modulus decreases. We show that even a relatively small surface roughness or a low concentration of adsorbates may completely kill the superlubricity state.
V. N. Samoilov; C. Yang; U. Tartaglino; B. N. J. Persson
Dominance-Based Rough Set Approach as a Proper Way of Handling Graduality in Rough Set Theory
Referring to some ideas of Leibniz, Frege, Boole and ?ukasie-wicz, we represent fundamental concepts of rough set theory in terms of a generalization that ... permits to deal with the graduality of fuzzy sets. Ou...
Salvatore Greco; Benedetto Matarazzo; Roman S?owi?ski
On Asymptotic Properties of Rough� Set� Theoretic Approximations. Fractal Dimension, Exact Sets, and Rough Inclusion in Potentially Infinite Information Systems
We look at asymptotic properties of rough set approximations exploiting them to three-fold purpose ... , to define the notion of an exact set in infinite information system to the result that so defined exact sets
Late Holocene Radiocarbon Variability in Northwest Atlantic Slope Waters
Deep-sea gorgonian corals secrete a 2-part skeleton of calcite, derived from dissolved inorganic carbon at depth, and gorgonin, derived from recently fixed and exported particulate organic matter. Radiocarbon contents of the calcite and gorgonin provide direct measures of seawater radiocarbon at depth and in the overlying surface waters, respectively. Using specimens collected from Northwest Atlantic slope waters, we generated radiocarbon records for surface and upper intermediate water layers spanning the pre- and post bomb-{sup 14}C eras. In Labrador Slope Water (LSW), convective mixing homogenizes the pre-bomb {Delta}{sup 14}C signature (-67 {+-} 4{per_thousand}) to at least 1000 m depth. Surface water bomb-{sup 14}C signals were lagged and damped (peaking at {approx} +45{per_thousand} in the early 1980s) relative to other regions of the northwest Atlantic, and intermediate water signals were damped further. Off southwest Nova Scotia, the vertical gradient in {Delta}{sup 14}C is much stronger. In surface water, pre-bomb {Delta}{sup 14}C averaged -75 {+-} 5{per_thousand}. At 250-475 m depth, prebomb {Delta}{sup 14}C oscillated quasi-decadally between -80 and -100{per_thousand}, likely reflecting interannual variability in the presence of Labrador Slope Water vs. Warm Slope Water (WSW). Finally, subfossil corals reveal no systematic changes in vertical {Delta}{sup 14}C gradients over the last 1200 years.
Sherwood, O; Edinger, E; Guilderson, T P; Ghaleb, B; Risk, M J; Scott, D B
Relationship between System Slope and Updraft Intensity in Squall Lines
In recent years there has been debate about whether squall lines have an �optimal state.� It has been repeatedly demonstrated that the slope of a squall line�s convective region is related to the comparative magnitudes of the squall line�s cold ...
Matthew D. Parker
Standardization of raw wind speed data under complex terrain conditions: A data-driven scheme
Abstract Direct usage of raw wind data without modification of topographic and/or terrain effects may result in remarkable errors. Thus, standardization of raw wind datasets is of great importance to remove these influences. But, the existing standardization methods are mainly applicable for flat terrains, which may become inappropriate under complex terrain conditions. This paper presents a data-driven standardization scheme which can be applied for different terrains including complex terrains. Although this scheme is established based on wind profile records at a reference station equipped with both an anemometer at a near-ground height and a Doppler radar profiler system, it can be used for the standardization of surface winds not only at the reference station but also at other surrounding stations with only surface observation instruments. Thus, the proposed data-driven scheme is efficient and economic. As applications of this scheme, correction factors to convert raw wind speeds at about 50 weather stations in Hong Kong to those over a reference terrain are estimated. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed standardization scheme, a wind tunnel testing involved the topographic model of a weather station has been conducted. The standardization results via the proposed scheme and the wind tunnel testing are in good agreement. The proposed methodology and relevant results can be used for the analysis of topographic effects on wind speeds over complex terrains.
Y.C. He; P.W. Chan; Q.S. Li
Game-theoretic rough sets for recommender systems
Abstract Recommender systems guide their users in decisions related to personal tastes and choices. The rough set theory can be considered as a useful tool for predicting recommendations in recommender systems. We examine two properties of recommendations with rough sets. The first property refers to accuracy or appropriateness of recommendations and the second property highlights the generality or coverage of recommendations. Making highly accurate recommendations for majority of the users is a major hindrance in achieving high quality performance for recommender systems. In the probabilistic rough set models, these two properties are controlled by thresholds ( ? , ? ) . One of the research issues is to determine effective values of these thresholds based on the two considered properties. We apply the game-theoretic rough set (GTRS) model to obtain suitable values of these thresholds by implementing a game for determining a trade-off and balanced solution between accuracy and generality. Experimental results on movielen dataset suggest that the GTRS improves the two properties of recommendations leading to better overall performance compared to the Pawlak rough set model.
Nouman Azam; JingTao Yao
Improvements in Terrain-Based Road Vehicle Localization By Initializing an Unscented Kalman Filter Using Particle Filters
the computational cost of the previous terrain- based localization algorithm. In order to localize a vehicle alongImprovements in Terrain-Based Road Vehicle Localization By Initializing an Unscented Kalman Filter of a road vehicle along a one-mile test track and 7 kilometer span of a highway using terrain
Brennan, Sean
Parallel air temperature measurements at the KNMI-terrain in De Bilt (the Netherlands) May 2003 April 2005
measurements at the KNMI-terrain in De Bilt (the Netherlands) Page 2 #12;Interim report Page 3 Table measurements at the KNMI-terrain in De Bilt (the Netherlands) Page 4 Foreword From May 2003 through April 2005Parallel air temperature measurements at the KNMI-terrain in De Bilt (the Netherlands) May 2003
Stoffelen, Ad
Producing Satellite-Derived Irradiances in Complex Arid Terrain | OpenEI
Producing Satellite-Derived Irradiances in Complex Arid Terrain Producing Satellite-Derived Irradiances in Complex Arid Terrain Dataset Summary Description (Abstract): This paper describes a methodology to correct satellite-derived irradiances over complex terrain. The correction applies to satellite models using visible images from geostationary satellites. (Purpose): Solar model documentation Source SUNY Albany Date Released June 26th, 2003 (11 years ago) Date Updated August 29th, 2003 (11 years ago) Keywords methodology solar SWERA UNEP validation Data application/pdf icon Download Report (pdf, 690.1 KiB) Quality Metrics Level of Review Some Review Comment Temporal and Spatial Coverage Frequency Time Period 1999 - 2002 License License Other or unspecified, see optional comment below Comment Please cite publication as follows: Perez, R., Ineichen, P., Moore, K., Kmiecik, M., Renné, D., and George, R. 2002.Producing Satellite-Derived Irradiances in Complex Arid Terrain. ASES 2003, Austin TX and submitted for publication in Solar Energy
Adaptive dynamic locomotion of quadrupedal robots with semicircular feet on uneven terrain
This paper proposes an adaptive trajectory generation method for quadruped robots with semicircular feet to control body speed and heading, and to minimize power consumption on uneven terrain. The semicircular foot
Ohung Kwon; Sangdeok Park
An implementation of terrain geomorphing in the vertex shader for synthetic planetary surfaces
The purpose of this research is to develop the three-dimensional models of planetary surfaces which can be used in the test environments for the Vision-Based Navigation Systems' (VBNS) terrain recognition and navigation ...
Colagiovanni, Lawrence W. (Lawrence William)
Utilization of Specific Attenuation for Tropical Rainfall Estimation in Complex Terrain
To improve the accuracy of quantitative precipitation estimation (QPE) in complex terrain, a new rainfall rate estimation algorithm has been developed and applied on two C-band dual-polarization radars in Taiwan. In this algorithm, the specific ...
Yadong Wang; Pengfei Zhang; Alexander V. Ryzhkov; Jian Zhang; Pao-Liang Chang
Mapping textures on 3d terrains: a hybrid cellular automata approach
. I propose a method for generating textures for 3D terrains using various approaches - in particular, a hybrid approach that integrates the concepts of cellular automata, probabilistic distribution according to height and Wang tiles. I also look...
Sinvhal, Swapnil
Terrain Perception for DEMO III P. Bellutta, R. Manduchi, L Matthies, K. Owens, A. Rankin
XUV in- cludes a LADAR, a radar, and color and infrared (FLIR) cameras (visible on the front and implementation of algorithms for terrain per- ception at JPL. Only passive sensors (color and FLIR cameras
Manduchi, Roberto
Numerical study of wind energy characteristics over heterogeneous terrain � Central Israel case study
A numerical mesoscale meteorological model has been applied over the heterogeneous terrain of central Israel in order to study wind energy characteristics of three typical synoptic situations. The supportive n...
Mordecay Segal; Ytzhaq Mahrer; Roger A. Pielke
Identification of Health Risks in Workers Staying and Working on the Terrains Contaminated with Depleted Uranium
......the Terrains Contaminated with Depleted Uranium Snezana Milacic 1 * Jadranko...originated from ammunition containing depleted uranium (DU). The studied population...ionizing radiation. Health risks|Depleted uranium|Chromosome aberrations| J......
Snezana Milacic; Jadranko Simic
A Mesoscale Analysis Method for Surface Potential Temperature in Mountainous and Coastal Terrain
A technique is developed to anisotropically spread surface observations in steep valleys. The goal is to create an improved objective analysis for the lowest, terrain-following numerical weather prediction (NWP) model level in mountainous ...
Xingxiu Deng; Roland Stull
Geostatistical Mapping of Mountain Precipitation Incorporating Autosearched Effects of Terrain and Climatic Characteristics
Hydrologic and ecologic studies in mountainous terrain are sensitive to the temporal and spatial distribution of precipitation. In this study a geostatistical model, Auto-Searched Orographic and Atmospheric Effects Detrended Kriging (ASOADeK), is ...
Huade Guan; John L. Wilson; Oleg Makhnin
ORIGINAL PAPER Effects of region, soil, land use, and terrain type on fuelwood
(sandy, sandy/loam, or rocky), land use (parkland agroforest or woodland), and terrain (flat, temporarily for Z. mauritiana, and on rocky soils for all species. Fuel- wood production of P. reticulatum
Double-stage genetic algorithm for wind farm layout optimization on complex terrains
This paper deals with the problem of optimal wind turbine micro siting on complex terrains. A realistic wind farm terrain can be very complex not only for the topography of the terrain but also for other factors. Such factors are the environmental impact of the wind farm the costs of land the costs of access roads wind turbine installation and maintenance costs the costs of electrical infrastructure etc. A grid-based wind farm model that takes all of these factors into consideration is proposed. For the purpose of an optimization algorithm a double-stage genetic algorithm is proposed. In the first stage the optimal micro-areas for wind turbine positioning are determined whereas the second stage defines precise optimal positions of wind turbine foundations. The double-stage genetic algorithm increases the accuracy of wind turbine positioning and decreases the dimensionality of the problem. The algorithm has been tested on a realistic wind farm terrain in Serbia.
Goran Dobri?
A Simple Model for Correcting Sodar and Lidar Errors in Complex Terrain
Ground-based sensing of wind profiles by sodars and lidars is becoming the standard for wind energy and other applications. However, there remain difficulties in complex terrain since the instruments sense wind components in spatially separated ...
Stuart Bradley
An improved attribute reduction scheme with covering based rough sets
Abstract Attribute reduction is viewed as an important preprocessing step for pattern recognition and data mining. Most of researches are focused on attribute reduction by using rough sets. Recently, Tsang et al. discussed attribute reduction with covering rough sets in the paper (Tsang et al., 2008), where an approach based on discernibility matrix was presented to compute all attribute reducts. In this paper, we provide a new method for constructing simpler discernibility matrix with covering based rough sets, and improve some characterizations of attribute reduction provided by Tsang et al. It is proved that the improved discernibility matrix is equivalent to the old one, but the computational complexity of discernibility matrix is relatively reduced. Then we further study attribute reduction in decision tables based on a different strategy of identifying objects. Finally, the proposed reduction method is compared with some existing feature selection methods by numerical experiments and the experimental results show that the proposed reduction method is efficient and effective.
Changzhong Wang; Mingwen Shao; Baiqing Sun; Qinghua Hu
Generalisation of rough set for rule induction in incomplete system
Rough set models based on the tolerance and similarity relations, have been widely used to deal with incomplete information systems. However, tolerance and similarity relations have their own limitations because the former is too loose while the latter is too strict in classification analysis. To make a reasonable and flexible classification in incomplete information system, a new binary relation is proposed in this paper. Such binary relation is only reflexive and it is a generalisation of tolerance and similarity relations. Furthermore, rough set models based on the above three different binary relations are compared. Finally, the direct approach to rules induction is investigated by using the proposed rough set, some illustrative examples are analysed to substantiate the conceptual arguments.
Xibei Yang; Xiaoning Song; Xiaohua Hu
Inhomogeneous Cooling of the Rough Granular Gas in Two Dimensions
We study the inhomogeneous clustered regime of a freely cooling granular gas of rough particles in two dimensions using large-scale event driven simulations and scaling arguments. During collisions, rough particles dissipate energy in both the normal and tangential directions of collision. In the inhomogeneous regime, translational kinetic energy and the rotational energy decay with time $t$ as power-laws $t^{-\\theta_T}$ and $t^{-\\theta_R}$. We numerically determine $\\theta_T \\approx 1$ and $\\theta_R \\approx 1.6$, independent of the coefficients of restitution. The inhomogeneous regime of the granular gas has been argued to be describable by the ballistic aggregation problem, where particles coalesce on contact. Using scaling arguments, we predict $\\theta_T=1$ and $\\theta_R=1$ for ballistic aggregation, $\\theta_R$ being different from that obtained for the rough granular gas. Simulations of ballistic aggregation with rotational degrees of freedom are consistent with these exponents.
Sudhir N. Pathak; Dibyendu Das; R. Rajesh
Heat Transfer in Projecting and Sloped Fenestration Products
Heat Transfer in Projecting and Sloped Fenestration Products Heat Transfer in Projecting and Sloped Fenestration Products Speaker(s): Dragan Charlie Curcija Date: May 26, 2010 - 12:00pm Location: 90-3122 The heat transfer performance of fenestration products is routinely determined using computer simulations combined with physical testing. Initial efforts to develop simulation and test procedures for the fenestration products in the 1980's focused on simple planar windows since they are the dominant share of the market. However, once these procedures were developed (with resulting ISO standards and national rating and labeling requirements), manufacturers of more physically complex fenestration products (skylights, green house windows, tubular skylights) demanded procedures for simulating and testing their products. Dr Curcija
Surface Slope Metrology on Deformable Soft X-ray Mirrors
We report on the current state of surface slope metrology on deformable mirrors for soft x-rays at the Advanced Light Source (ALS). While we are developing techniques for in situ at-wavelength tuning, we are refining methods of ex situ visible-light optical metrology to achieve sub-100-nrad accuracy. This paper reports on laboratory studies, measurements and tuning of a deformable test-KB mirror prior to its use. The test mirror was bent to a much different optical configuration than its original design, achieving a 0.38 micro-radian residual slope error. Modeling shows that in some cases, by including the image conjugate distance as an additional free parameter in the alignment, along with the two force couples, fourth-order tangential shape errors (the so-called bird shape) can be reduced or eliminated.
Yuan Sheng; Yashchuk, Valeriy V.; Celestre, Rich; Church, Matthew; McKinney, Wayne R.; Morrison, Greg; Warwick, Tony [Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 (United States); Goldberg, Kenneth A. [Center for X-ray Optics, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 (United States)
Determination of interfacial roughness using X-ray scattering
Crystal truncation rod (CTR) scattering is shown to be a powerful technique for determining interfacial roughness non-destructively. By measuring the decay of scattering away from a Bragg reflection in the surface direction an rms roughness of the surface or interface can be extracted. The authors obtain rms roughness values with an accuracy of {+-} 0.1 {angstrom}. Sensitivity to lateral length scale roughness ranges from the wavelength of the x-rays to between 1,000--10,000 {angstrom} depending on the instrument function and the specific truncation rod. The influence of different cleans, as well as the thermal oxidation process, on the Si-SiO{sub 2} interface is investigated. A hot water treatment prior to the thermal oxidation is shown to roughen the Si-SiO{sub 2} interface. CTR scattering results also show a smoothing of the interface as a result of the oxidation process even for as little as 60 {angstrom} of thermal oxidation. Comparison between AFM and CTR scattering gives a consistent picture of the relative roughness of the wafers, although the absolute numbers do not agree. The differences in the absolute values can be explained by the lateral roughness scale that the two techniques measure, indicating that it is at periodicities below {approx} 100 {angstrom} that the increased roughness observed by the x-ray is found. Crystal truncation rods are shown to be perpendicular to the surface and not along the crystallographic axes of a miscut crystal. It is shown that for a crystal terminated by a regular step array both an atomistic and a continuum description of CTR scattering give identical results. Furthermore, the atomistic approach is used to show that a diamond cubic surface with a miscut is inherently rough. Even for a small miscut the tilt of the CTR with respect to the crystallographic axes results in complications for measuring the rod intensity. The authors present schemes for determining the exact position of the CTR in reciprocal space and for measuring the miscut of a single crystal. These methods were applied to the measurement of CTR intensities of silicon(001) wafers with miscuts of 0.1 and 4 degrees.
Munkholm, A.
North Slope Decision Support for Water Resource Planning and Management
The objective of this project was to enhance the water resource decision-making process with respect to oil and gas exploration/production activities on Alaska�s North Slope. To this end, a web-based software tool was developed to allow stakeholders to assemble, evaluate, and communicate relevant information between and amongst themselves. The software, termed North Slope Decision Support System (NSDSS), is a visually-referenced database that provides a platform for running complex natural system, planning, and optimization models. The NSDSS design was based upon community input garnered during a series of stakeholder workshops, and the end product software is freely available to all stakeholders via the project website. The tool now resides on servers hosted by the UAF Water and Environmental Research Center, and will remain accessible and free-of-charge for all interested stakeholders. The development of the tool fostered new advances in the area of data evaluation and decision support technologies, and the finished product is envisioned to enhance water resource planning activities on Alaska�s North Slope.
Schnabel, William; Brumbelow, Kelly
North Slope of Alaska has huge oil deposits in heavy oil reservoirs such as Ugnu, West Sak and Shrader Bluff etc. The viscosity of the last two reservoir oils vary from {approx}30 cp to {approx}3000 cp and the amount in the range of 10-20 billion barrels. High oil viscosity and low formation strength impose problems to high recovery and well productivity. Water-alternate-gas injection processes can be effective for the lower viscosity end of these deposits in West Sak and Shrader Bluff. Several gas streams are available in the North Slope containing NGL and CO{sub 2} (a greenhouse gas). The goal of this research is to develop tools to find optimum solvent, injection schedule and well-architecture for a WAG process in North Slope shallow sand viscous oil reservoirs. In the last quarter, we added numerical solution along streamline subroutines to our streamline compositional simulator. The WAG injection algorithms are being developed. We studied the wettability of the reservoir oil and formulated a four-phase relative permeability model based on two-phase relative permeabilities. The effect of new relative permeability formulations on a five-spot pattern WAG recovery was evaluated. Effect of horizontal wells on pattern sweep has been initiated. A model quarter five-spot experiment is being designed. Plans for the next quarter includes modeling of WAG injection in streamline based simulation, evaluation of complex well-architecture and design of model quarter five-spot experiment.
Kishore K. Mohanty
North Slope of Alaska has huge oil deposits in heavy oil reservoirs such as Ugnu, West Sak and Shrader Bluff etc. The viscosity of the last two reservoir oils vary from {approx}30 cp to {approx}3000 cp and the amount in the range of 10-20 billion barrels. High oil viscosity and low formation strength impose problems to high recovery and well productivity. Water-alternate-gas injection processes can be effective for the lower viscosity end of these deposits in West Sak and Shrader Bluff. Several gas streams are available in the North Slope containing NGL and CO{sub 2} (a greenhouse gas). The goal of this research is to develop tools to find optimum solvent, injection schedule and well-architecture for a WAG process in North Slope shallow sand viscous oil reservoirs. In the last quarter, we have developed streamline generation and convection subroutines for miscible gas injection. The WAG injection algorithms are being developed. We formulated a four-phase relative permeability model based on two-phase relative permeabilities. The new relative permeability formulations are being incorporated into the simulator. Wettabilities and relative permeabilities are being measured. Plans for the next quarter includes modeling of WAG injection in streamline based simulation, relative permeability studies with cores, incorporation of complex well-architecture.
Development of Sol�Gel Icephobic Coatings: Effect of Surface Roughness and Surface Energy
Development of Sol�Gel Icephobic Coatings: Effect of Surface Roughness and Surface Energy ... � Energy
Qitao Fu; Xinghua Wu; Divya Kumar; Jeffrey W. C. Ho; Pushkar D. Kanhere; Narasimalu Srikanth; Erjia Liu; Peter Wilson; Zhong Chen
Duality, Conjugacy and Adjointness of Approximation Operators in Covering Based Rough Sets
Duality, Conjugacy and Adjointness of Approximation Operators in Covering Based Rough Sets Mauricio approximation operators in covering-based rough sets. In this paper, we establish relationships between the most for the generalized rough set model based on a binary relation. Key words: rough sets, coverings, approximations
Granada, Universidad de
Effective boundary condition at a rough surface starting from a slip condition.
, set in a channel with a rough boundary, of small amplitude and wavelength . It was shown recently thatEffective boundary condition at a rough surface starting from a slip condition. Anne, for any non-degenerate roughness pattern, and for any reasonable condition imposed at the rough boundary
Gerard-Varet, David - Institut de Mathématiques de Jussieu, Université Paris 7
Granular computing, rough entropy and object extraction Sankar K. Pal a,1
of image object extraction in the framework of rough sets and granular computing is addressed. A mea- sure of rough entropy are described. �? 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Keywords: Rough sets; Entropy in the process of prob- lem solving. Recently, rough set theory (Pawlak, 1991) has become a popular mathematical
Algebra and Geometry of Rough Logic Controllers T. Y. Lin 1 email@example.com
for intelligent controls, is a mathematical formalism that integrates fuzzy logic, rough sets , evolutionary: control, fuzzy logic, evolutionary computing, modal logic, rough logic, rough set. 1 IntroductionAlgebra and Geometry of Rough Logic Controllers T. Y. Lin 1 email@example.com Martin Wildberger 2
On Generalizing Rough Set Theory Department of Computer Science, University of Regina
On Generalizing Rough Set Theory Y.Y. Yao Department of Computer Science, University of Regina formulations of the standard rough set theory. It demonstrates how those formulations can be adopted to develop different generalized rough set theories. The relationships be- tween rough set theory and other theories
Characterization of neighborhood operators for covering based rough sets, using duality and
Characterization of neighborhood operators for covering based rough sets, using email@example.com Abstract Covering based Rough Sets are an important general- ization of Rough Set Theory. Basically for these approximation operators. Keywords: rough sets, coverings, approximations, neighborhood operator, order relation
Semantics of Fuzzy Sets in Rough Set Theory Department of Computer Science
Semantics of Fuzzy Sets in Rough Set Theory Y.Y. Yao Department of Computer Science University of rough sets. Rough membership func- tions are viewed as a special type of fuzzy membership functions and rough membership functions, between core and support of fuzzy set theory and lower and upper
Improved global bathymetry, global sea floor roughness, and deep ocean mixing
ocean and the increased mixing over rough topography by proposing that tidal dissipation was a power
Becker, Joseph Jeffrey
Improved Global Bathymetry, Global Sea Floor Roughness, and Deep Ocean Mixing
Becker, Joseph J
First Order Rough LogicRevisited T.Y. Lin 1;2 and Qing Liu 3
on axiomatic rough set theory, first order rough logic was developed earlier. In this paper, a new model theory and rough set theory. Rough set theory is based on a known equivalence relation (indis cernibility relation equivalence relation. How ever, to see clearly the relationships between rough logic and rough set theories
Title: Aerodynamic and Scalar Roughness over Snow and Sea Ice In Monin-Obukhov similarity theory, the aerodynamic roughness, z0, is the artificial height
Title: Aerodynamic and Scalar Roughness over Snow and Sea Ice Abstract: In Monin-Obukhov similarity theory, the aerodynamic roughness, z0, is the artificial height above the surface at which the wind speed the theory and measurement of the aerodynamic and scalar roughness lengths over snow and sea ice. The data
Fluid squeeze-out between solids with rough surfaces
We study the fluid squeeze-out from the interface between an elastic solid with a flat surface and a rigid solid with a randomly rough surface. As an application we discuss fluid squeeze-out between a tire tread block and a road surface. Some implications for the leakage of seals are discussed, and experimental data are presented to test the theory.
B. Lorenz; B. N. J. Persson
Multilayer roughness and image formation in the Schwarzschild objective
We present a study of the effect of multilayer-surface-roughness-induced scattering in the image formation of the Schwarzschild objective (SO) used in the spectromicroscope MAXIMUM. The two mirrors comprising the SO are coated with Ru/B{sub 4}C multilayers that have a peak reflectivity at 130 eV. We had long observed that a diffuse x-ray background surrounds the focused x-ray spot. The spatial resolution remains at 0.1 {mu}m in spite of this. However, since a significant fraction of the flux is lost to the background, since too large an area of the sample is illuminated, and since the S/N ratio is degraded, the origins of this effect merit investigation. This diffuse background resulting from x-ray scattering at the surface of the mirrors was mapped out using bidirectional knife edge scans. Complementary surface roughness simulations were carried out with the ray-tracing program SHADOW. AFM experiments were also done to directly measure the surface roughness and power spectrum of representative multilayers. Following curve fitting, it was possible to classify Gaussian components in both the measured and simulated profiles as arising from scattering occurring at either the convex primary mirror or the concave secondary mirror. Together with geometrical analysis, these techniques permitted us to track the image formation process of an actual optical system in the presence of surface roughness. {copyright} {ital 1996 American Institute of Physics.}
Singh, S.; Solak, H.; Cerrina, F. [University of Wisconsin, 3731 Schneider Drive, Stoughton, WI 53589 (United States)] [University of Wisconsin, 3731 Schneider Drive, Stoughton, WI 53589 (United States)
Neutron scattering by rough surfaces at grazing incidence
There are a number of calculations in the literature of the effect of statistical surface roughness on the specular and diffuse scattering of neutrons and x rays which impinge on surfaces at grazing incidence. These calculations do not agree with one another and in some cases lack internal consistency. In this paper I show that these discrepancies can be resolved within the distorted-wave Born approximation. The result I obtain for the specular reflectivity is the widely used version of Nevot and Croce, while that for the diffuse scattering is the same as a recent calculation by Sinha, Sirota, Garoff, and Stanley. The approximations made by Nevot and Croce are clearly revealed by the distorted-wave Born approximation. A simple numerical algorithm is proposed for the calculation of diffuse scattering from a surface whose roughness is self-affine, and the form of the scattering is calculated for a range of parameters within this model. The calculation of diffusion scattering is extended in this paper to the case of films with rough surfaces. Correlation between roughness at the two film surfaces is considered and shown to be important for the description of neutron reflectivity data obtained with a thin film of titanium deposited on a sapphire substrate.
Roger Pynn
Reduce redundant broadcasting in MANETs using rough sets
A Mobile Ad-Hoc Network (MANET) consists of wireless hosts which may move often. The movement of hosts results in frequent changes in paths. In these cases, finding a path from source to destination becomes difficult. The well-known Ad-hoc On-Demand Distance Vector Routing (AODV) and Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) are routing protocols which are in vogue to determine a route when no route exists or a route breaks. As such to establish a new path from source to destination, it broadcasts control packets (route request packets), which increase the network bandwidth consumption. As MANETs have limited bandwidth, it is essential to reduce the control packets. We propose mathematical models which use the concept of rough set and Weighted Rough Set (WRS) to minimise the route request packets in the existing AODV and DSR routing protocols. Rough set theory is a mathematical tool to deal with vagueness, uncertainty; and WRS theory is an extension to rough set theory which also considers the importance of the objects.
A. Nagaraju; S. Ramachandram
Graph and matrix approaches to rough sets through matroids
Abstract Rough sets are efficient for attribute reduction and rule extraction in data mining. However, many important problems including attribute reduction in rough sets are NP-hard, therefore the algorithms to solve them are often greedy. Matroids, generalized from linear independence in vector spaces, provide well-established platforms for greedy algorithm design. In this paper, we use graph and matrix approaches to study rough sets through matroids. First, we construct an isomorphism from equivalence relations to 2-circuit matroids, and then propose graph representations of lower and upper approximations through the graphic matroid. We also study graph representations of lower and upper approximations by that of the dual of the matroid. Second, in light of the fact that the relational matrix is a representable matrix of the matroid induced by an equivalence relation, matrix representations of lower and upper approximations are obtained with the representable matrix of the matroid. In a word, borrowing from matroids, this work presents two interesting views, graph and matrix ones, to investigate rough sets.
Shiping Wang; Qingxin Zhu; William Zhu; Fan Min
We present a study of the effect of multilayer?surface?roughness?induced scattering in the image formation of the Schwarzschild objective (SO) used in the spectromicroscope MAXIMUM. The two mirrors comprising the SO are coated with Ru/B4C multilayers that have a peak reflectivity at 130 eV. We had long observed that a diffuse x?ray background surrounds the focused x?ray spot. The spatial resolution remains at 0.1 ?m in spite of this. However since a significant fraction of the flux is lost to the background since too large an area of the sample is illuminated and since the S/N ratio is degraded the origins of this effect merit investigation. This diffuse background resulting from x?ray scattering at the surface of the mirrors was mapped out using bidirectional knife edge scans. Complementary surface roughness simulations were carried out with the ray?tracing program SHADOW. AFM experiments were also done to directly measure the surface roughness and power spectrum of representative multilayers. Following curve fitting it was possible to classify Gaussian components in both the measured and simulated profiles as arising from scattering occurring at either the convex primary mirror or the concave secondary mirror. Together with geometrical analysis these techniques permitted us to track the image formation process of an actual optical system in the presence of surface roughness.
S. Singh; H. Solak; F. Cerrina
Studies of the 3D surface roughness height
Nowadays nano-coatings occupy more and more significant place in technology. Innovative, functional coatings acquire new aspects from the point of view of modern technologies, considering the aggregate of physical properties that can be achieved manipulating in the production process with the properties of coatings� surfaces on micro- and nano-level. Nano-coatings are applied on machine parts, friction surfaces, contacting parts, corrosion surfaces, transparent conducting films (TCF), etc. The equipment available at present for the production of transparent conducting oxide (TCO) coatings with highest quality is based on expensive indium tin oxide (ITO) material; therefore cheaper alternatives are being searched for. One such offered alternative is zink oxide (ZnO) nano-coatings. Evaluating the TCF physical and mechanical properties and in view of the new ISO standard (EN ISO 25178) on the introduction of surface texture (3D surface roughness) in the engineering calculations, it is necessary to examine the height of 3D surface roughness, which is one of the most significant roughness parameters. The given paper studies the average values of 3D surface roughness height and the most often applied distribution laws are as follows: the normal distribution and Rayleigh distribution. The 3D surface is simulated by a normal random field.
Avisane, Anita; Rudzitis, Janis; Kumermanis, Maris [Institute of Mechanical Engineering, Riga Technical University, Ezermalas str. 6k, Riga (Latvia)
Stability assessment of a slope under a transformer substation using numerical modelling
This paper presents an analysis of the deformation mechanism and stability assessment of a slope in Yunnan Province, China. Field investigations indicated that the deformation of the slope was caused by the co...
H. J. Li; F. C. Dai; W. C. Li; L. Xu; H. Min
Natural gas hydrates on the continental slope off Pakistan: constraints from seismic techniques
......2000 research-article Articles Natural gas hydrates on the continental slope...J. Int. (2000) 140, 295310 Natural gas hydrates on the continental slope...adequate gas supplies for hydrate Natural gas hydrates (clathrates) are a crystalline......
Ingo Grevemeyer; Andreas Rosenberger; Heinrich Villinger
Namur, Belgium -weathering deteriorating slope stability future -Robert Hack 1 WEATHERING DETERIORATING
Namur, Belgium - weathering deteriorating slope stability future - Robert Hack 1 WEATHERING DETERIORATING AND SLOPE STABILITY CLASSIFICATION FOR THE FUTURE Namur, Belgium, 12 June 2008 Robert Hack Geo #12;Namur, Belgium - weathering deteriorating slope stability future - Robert Hack 2 Jan van Goyen
Uranium - thorium series study on Yucatan slope cores
substance and a corresponding enrichment in another. Soils, on being eroded, 14 adhorb dissolved uranium from runoff and ocean water and show a progressive change in U "/U activity ratios from 0. 9 in soils to 0, 95 in river muds to 1. 15 in recently... URANIUM ? THORIUM SERIES STUDY ON YUCATAN SLOPE CORES A Thesis by Mary Elizabeth Exner Submitted to the Graduate College of Texas A&M University in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE August, 1972...
Exner, Mary Elizabeth
A Review of Sloped Solar Updraft Power Technology
Abstract The Solar Updraft Power Plant (SUPP) concept was successfully proven in the last few decades through many experimental and analytical approaches. However, the high investment cost compared to the plant efficiency and the limited height of the chimney due to the technological constraints are considered the main disadvantages of the SUPP. In order to overcome these problems, many novel concepts were proposed; One being the Sloped Solar Updraft Power Plant (SSUPP). This paper provides a comprehensive overall review for all SSUPP researches up-to-date including the principle with a description of the plant, physical process, theoretical and experimental studies.
Shadi Kalash; Wajih Naimeh; Salman Ajib
Updown numbers and the initial monomials of the slope variety
Topeka, KS 66621, USA firstname.lastname@example.com Submitted: May 28, 2009; Accepted: Jun 28, 2009; Published: Jul 9, 2009 Mathematics Subject Classifications: 05A15, 14N20 Abstract Let In be the ideal of all algebraic relations on the slopes.... For integers m ? n, we put [n] = {1,2,...,n} and [m,n] = {m,m + 1,...,n}. The set of all permutations of an integer set P will be denoted SP, and the nth symmetric group is Sn (= S[n]). We will write each permutation w ? SP as a word with n = |P| digits, w = w1...
Martin, Jeremy L.; Wagner, Jennifer D.
On the union and intersection operations of rough sets based on various approximation spaces
Abstract Algebraic structures and lattice structures of rough sets are basic and important topics in rough sets theory. In this paper we pointed out that a basic problem had been overlooked, that is the closeness of union and intersection operations of rough approximation pairs, i.e. (lower approximation, upper approximation). We present that the union and intersection operations of rough approximation pairs are closed for classical rough sets and two kinds of covering based rough sets, but not for twenty kinds of covering based rough sets and the generalized rough sets based on fuzzy approximation space. Moreover, we proved that the union and intersection operations of rough fuzzy approximation pairs are closed and a bounded distributive lattice can be constructed.
Xiaohong Zhang; Jianhua Dai; Yucai Yu
Slope County, North Dakota: Energy Resources | Open Energy Information
4129398°, -103.5021012° 4129398°, -103.5021012° Loading map... {"minzoom":false,"mappingservice":"googlemaps3","type":"ROADMAP","zoom":14,"types":["ROADMAP","SATELLITE","HYBRID","TERRAIN"],"geoservice":"google","maxzoom":false,"width":"600px","height":"350px","centre":false,"title":"","label":"","icon":"","visitedicon":"","lines":[],"polygons":[],"circles":[],"rectangles":[],"copycoords":false,"static":false,"wmsoverlay":"","layers":[],"controls":["pan","zoom","type","scale","streetview"],"zoomstyle":"DEFAULT","typestyle":"DEFAULT","autoinfowindows":false,"kml":[],"gkml":[],"fusiontables":[],"resizable":false,"tilt":0,"kmlrezoom":false,"poi":true,"imageoverlays":[],"markercluster":false,"searchmarkers":"","locations":[{"text":"","title":"","link":null,"lat":46.4129398,"lon":-103.5021012,"alt":0,"address":"","icon":"","group":"","inlineLabel":"","visitedicon":""}]}
Impact of Ice Crystal Roughness on Satellite Retrieved Cloud Properties
Ice Crystal Roughness on Satellite Retrieved Cloud Properties Ice Crystal Roughness on Satellite Retrieved Cloud Properties P. Minnis 1 , P. W. Heck 2 , R. F. Arduini 3 , R. Palikonda 3 , J. K. Ayers 3 , M. M. Khaiyer 3 , P. Yang 4 , Y. Xie 4 3 Science Systems & Applications, Inc. Hampton, VA 1 NASA Langley Research Center Hampton, VA Current Cirrus Models Inadequate Cirrus cloud optical depths τ (heights z e ) are often over (under) estimated when derived from solar reflectances. In situ data suggest smaller asymmetry factors, g, than used in most retrieval models. Multi-angle measurements point to smoother phase functions than for solid, smooth xtals. Calculations show that solid crystals with roughened facets or embedded bubbles --both observed in real cirrus particles-- yield smoother phase functions & smaller g
A modified electrospark alloying method for low surface roughness
A modified electrospark alloying method has been developed. The method allows the formation of deposits with low surface roughness compared to that of the conventional electrospark alloying method. It is based on the employment of a sequence of identical pulse groups. The process of electrospark deposition and the process of electrospark grinding were combined by forming pulse groups consisting of a high energy pulse for mass transfer from treating electrode to substrate and low energy pulses for grinding during deposition. Low as-deposited surface roughness was succeeded by properly selecting parameters of the pulses in a group and pauses between them. Experimental results revealed that the proposed method is useful in forming one�two layers of deposition.
Alexander V. Ribalko; Orhan Sahin; Kemal Korkmaz
Investigating memetic algorithm in solving rough set attribute reduction
Attribute reduction is the problem of selecting a minimal subset from the original set of attributes. Rough set theory has been used for attribute reduction with much success. Since it is well known that finding a minimal subset is a NP-hard problem; therefore, it is necessary to develop efficient algorithms to solve this problem. In this work, we propose a memetic algorithm-based approach inside the rough set theory which is a hybridisation of genetic algorithm and simulated annealing. The proposed method has been tested on UCI data sets. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of this memetic approach when compared with previous available methods. Possible extensions upon this simple approach are also discussed.
Majdi Mafarja; Salwani Abdullah
TDX North Slope Generating Co | Open Energy Information
Generating Co Generating Co Jump to: navigation, search Name TDX North Slope Generating Co Place Alaska Utility Id 19277 Utility Location Yes Ownership I NERC Location AK Operates Generating Plant Yes Activity Generation Yes Activity Transmission Yes Activity Distribution Yes References EIA Form EIA-861 Final Data File for 2010 - File1_a[1] Energy Information Administration Form 826[2] LinkedIn Connections CrunchBase Profile No CrunchBase profile. Create one now! This article is a stub. You can help OpenEI by expanding it. Utility Rate Schedules Grid-background.png No rate schedules available. Average Rates Commercial: $0.1310/kWh The following table contains monthly sales and revenue data for TDX North Slope Generating Co (Alaska). Month RES REV (THOUSAND $) RES SALES (MWH) RES CONS COM REV (THOUSAND $) COM SALES (MWH) COM CONS IND_REV (THOUSAND $) IND SALES (MWH) IND CONS OTH REV (THOUSAND $) OTH SALES (MWH) OTH CONS TOT REV (THOUSAND $) TOT SALES (MWH) TOT CONS
Distributed Roughness Receptivity in a Flat Plate Boundary Layer
- Distributed Receptivity . . . . . 6 2. FACILITY DESCRIPTION - THE KLEBANOFF�SARIC WIND TUNNEL 11 2.1 Test Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 2.2 Fan and Motor... of this dissertation describes the Klebanoff�Saric Wind Tunnel facility, which was used for this experiment. Section 3 describes the experimental setup (roughness design and the flat plate model) and defines the metrics by which the flow field is decomposed...
Kuester, Matthew Scott
Capillary adhesion between elastic solids with randomly rough surfaces
I study how the contact area and the work of adhesion, between two elastic solids with randomly rough surfaces, depend on the relative humidity. The surfaces are assumed to be hydrophilic, and capillary bridges form at the interface between the solids. For elastically hard solids with relative smooth surfaces, the area of real contact and therefore also the sliding friction, are maximal when there is just enough liquid to fill out the interfacial space between the solids, which typically occurs for $d_{\\rm K} \\approx 3 h_{\\rm rms}$, where $d_{\\rm K}$ is the height of the capillary bridge and $h_{\\rm rms}$ the root-mean-square roughness of the (combined) surface roughness profile. For elastically soft solids, the area of real contact is maximal for very low humidity (i.e., small $d_{\\rm K}$), where the capillary bridges are able to pull the solids into nearly complete contact. In both case, the work of adhesion is maximal (and equal to $2\\gamma {\\rm cos}\\theta$, where $\\gamma$ is the liquid surface tension and $\\theta$ the liquid-solid contact angle) when $d_{\\rm K} >> h_{\\rm rms}$, corresponding to high relative humidity.
B. N. J. Persson
Rough-fuzzy Classifier Modeling Using Data Repository Sets
Abstract This paper reflects the trends of the past years based on the diffusion of various traditional approaches and methods when tackling new problems. Two components of the computational intelligence (CI) are applied, rough and fuzzy sets theory. These components permit one to operate with uncertainty data. The current knowledge in the investigated field is summarized and briefly explained. It also deals with uncertainty in an information system and the two approaches, the fuzzy sets (FSs) and rough sets theory (RST), for operating it. The proposal and implementation of a rough-fuzzy classifier (RFC) is modified. RFC uses the rules generated by RSTbox. The databases IRIS and WINE were chosen for verification. The classification results were compared with the results of other classification methods are applied on these databases. Finally, we summarized the presented problems. Based on the above stated facts it can be claimed that the proposed modified algorithm, \\{RSTbox\\} and RFC model are functional. The model is relatively successful (compared to other approaches), and by using it two classification databases can be carried out. This model is proposed in MATLAB.
Jiri Krupka; Pavel Jirava
Interpretation of equilibria in game-theoretic rough sets
Abstract Intelligent decision making models aim at improving the quality of decision making under uncertainty. The fundamental issues that are generally encountered in these models are too many options to choose from and the involvement of contradictory decision making criteria. The game-theoretic rough set (GTRS) model provides an intelligent decision making mechanism that exploits a game-theoretic environment for analyzing strategic situations between cooperative or conflicting decision making criteria in the probabilistic rough set framework. The concept of equilibria is of central importance in the GTRS model which has not been sufficiently addressed in the current literature. Two key issues in this regard are the interpretation of equilibria and the establishment of their existence. By reviewing, examining and defining the basic game constructs in the GTRS model, we are able to interpret an equilibrium in terms of the decision thresholds that control the rough sets based decision regions. In particular, an equilibrium is defined in terms of a pair of thresholds such that no player has a unilateral incentive to change these thresholds within the game. An example game is considered to demonstrate the use of the interpretation in determining the thresholds. The issue of existence of equilibria is addressed by considering a couple of typical two-player games in the GTRS model. The results suggest that the existence of equilibria may be established under certain limited conditions.
Dimensional variation and roughness of LIGA fabricated microstructures
We have measured the dimensional variation and sidewall roughness of features on PMMA micro- components fabricated by deep x-ray lithography in order to assess the effect of dimensional variation on subsequent assembly operations. Dimensional measurements were made using a stylus profilometer with a repeatability in step height of better than 0.01 {mu}m. Roughness measurements were made with the same profilometer scanning in a direction perpendicular to the length of the parts. 22 {mu}m and 54 {mu}m features exhibited dimensional variations described by a Gaussian distribution with standard deviations of 0.202 {mu}m and 0.381 {mu}m, respectively. This corresponds to a maximum relative variation of between 0.6% and 0.9%. Sidewall roughnesses were found to be in the range of 0.02 {mu}m to 0. 03 {mu}m, an insignificant contribution to the total variation when compared to overall dimensional variation. Several potential sources of this variation are discussed, but no single cause was identified as the source of the significant dimensional variation observed here.
Egert, C.M. [Oak Ridge National Lab., TN (United States); Wood, R. [Microelectronics Center of North Carolina, Research Triangle Park, NC (United States); Malek, C.K. [Louisiana State Univ., Baton Rouge, LA (United States)
The chaotic terrain of Elysium Planitia, Mars: a mapping and geomorphic analysis
in lowland depressions bounded by steep walls with arcuate fractures' [Sharp, 1973). By the end of the viking mission, chaotic terrain had been dis- covered in the Elysium and Chryse Plains. Since that time chaotic terrain has been closely examined... and Black, 1979; Carr, 1986; Carr, 1987]. The water may be stored as a large subsurface body of ice which is thickest at the poles, thinning toward the equator as a result of warming and increasing unstability of water in the atmosphere [Fanale, 1976...
Roberts, Sara Layne
Rough Fuzzy Set Model for Set-Valued Ordered Fuzzy Decision System
The classical rough set theory can not be directly used to reduce knowledge in set-valued ordered fuzzy decision system. Firstly, we propose a dominance relation-based rough fuzzy set model in set-valued ordered ...
Zhongkui Bao; Shanlin Yang; Ju Zhao
Data Mining in Uniform Hospital Discharge Data Set Using Rough Set Model
Purpose: The purpose of this study were to apply rough set model to nursing knowledge discovery process. Method: Data mining based on rough set model was conducted on a large clinical data set containing Nursing ...
M. Park
Using Variable Precision Rough Set Model to Build FP-Tree of Association Rules
The main mission of the variable precision rough set is to solve the problem of non- ... of association rules algorithms based on variable precision rough set model in e-commerce. The experiments show...
SuJuan Qian; ZhiQiang Zhang
E-Print Network 3.0 - angle deposited nano-rough Sample Search...
nano-rough Search Powered by Explorit Topic List Advanced Search Sample search results for: angle deposited nano-rough Page: << < 1 2 3 4 5 > >> 1 Advanced techniques for glancing...
NETL: Methane Hydrates - Barrow Gas Fields - North Slope Borough, Alaska
Phase 2- Drilling and Production Testing the Methane Hydrate Resource Potential associated with the Barrow Gas Fields Last Reviewed 04/06/2010 Phase 2- Drilling and Production Testing the Methane Hydrate Resource Potential associated with the Barrow Gas Fields Last Reviewed 04/06/2010 DE-FC26-06NT42962 Goal The goal of this project is to evaluate, design, drill, log, core and production test methane hydrate resources in the Barrow Gas Fields near Barrow, Alaska to determine its impact on future free gas production and its viability as an energy source. Photo of Barrow welcome sign Performers North Slope Borough, Barrow, Alaska 99723 Petrotechnical Resources Alaska (PRA), Fairbanks, AK 99775 University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99775 Background Phase 1 of the Barrow Gas Fields Hydrate Study provided very strong evidence for the existence of hydrates updip of the East Barrow and Walakpa Gas Fields. Full-field history matched reservoir modeling supported the
Modeling conically scanning lidar error in complex terrain with WAsP
the vertical wind speed W changes linearly with the downwind position x. This could crudely mimic the flow over to be homogeneous in order to deduce the horizontal wind speed. However, in mountainous or complex terrain this assumption is not valid implying an erroneous wind speed. The magnitude of this error is measured
An Experimental Investigation on the Wake Interference of Wind Turbines Sited Over Complex Terrains
1 An Experimental Investigation on the Wake Interference of Wind Turbines Sited Over Complex, 50011 An experimental study was conducted to investigate the interferences of wind turbines sited over conducted in a large wind tunnel with of wind turbine models sited over a flat terrain (baseline case
Hu, Hui
Using Immersive 3D Terrain Models For Fusion Of UAV Surveillance Imagery
Using Immersive 3D Terrain Models For Fusion Of UAV Surveillance Imagery Sean Owens , Katia Sycara and Paul Scerri Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA Teams of small and micro UAVs a single operator to utilize data from several UAVs and interact with the data in a more natural and less
Scerri, Paul
Dynamical Downscaling of Wind Speed in Complex Terrain Prone To Bora-Type Flows
The results of numerically modeled wind speed climate, a primary component of wind energy resource assessment in the complex terrain of Croatia, are given. For that purpose, dynamical downscaling of 10 yr (1992�2001) of the 40-yr ECMWF Re-Analysis ...
Kristian Horvath; Alica Baji?; Stjepan Ivatek-�ahdan
Coupled Carbon/Water Fluxes in Complex Terrain, Water-Limited Forests Investigators
Coupled Carbon/Water Fluxes in Complex Terrain, Water-Limited Forests Investigators: Karen Humes of quantifying the magnitude, timing, distribution and coupling of carbon and water fluxes in mountainous forestlands. This includes one segment of the continuum of carbon and water flow from the "forest to the sea
Walden, Von P.
MESOSCALE SIMULATION OF ATMOSPHERIC RESPONSE TO CHAOS TERRAIN FORMATION. , S.C.R. Rafkin2
(email@example.com), 2 Department of Space Studies, Southwest Research Institute, Boulder, Colorado associated with chaos terrain formation may mobilize sand and perhaps gravel, but not boulders. Model, momentum and moisture are parameter- ized using a Monin-Obukhov scheme. Boundary conditions: We flooded
Kite, Edwin
Fundamenta Informaticae 108(3-4), 2011, pp. 267286 267 Game-Theoretic Rough Sets
Fundamenta Informaticae 108(3-4), 2011, pp. 267286 267 IOS Press Game-Theoretic Rough Sets email@example.com Abstract. This article investigates the Game-theoretic Rough Set (GTRS) model and its capability of analyzing a major decision problem evident in existing probabilistic rough set models. A major challenge
Space Exploration and Global Optimization for Computationally Intensive Design Problems: A Rough Set Based Approach
, and transparent. This work proposes a rough set based approach that can identify multip,le sub-regions in a design than a given level. The rough set method is applied iteratively on a growing sample set. A novel with a few well-known global optimization algorithms. Keywords: rough set, design optimization, space
Wang, Gaofeng Gary
Game-Theoretic Risk Analysis in Decision-Theoretic Rough Sets
Game-Theoretic Risk Analysis in Decision-Theoretic Rough Sets Joseph P. Herbert JingTao Yao,jtyao]@cs.uregina.ca Abstract. Determining the correct threshold values for probabilistic rough set models has been a heated these tolerance values. 1 Introduction In rough sets [10], a set within the universe of discourse is approximated
From Rough Sets to Soft Computing Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, San Jose State University,
From Rough Sets to Soft Computing T.Y. Lin Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, San Jose By the invitation of the Conference Chair Professor Paul Wang, a Workshop on Rough Set Theory was held in the SecondOctober 1, 1995. The workshop in the setting of joint conferences provides a forum for rough setters
Prediction of Dominant Genes Responsible for Lung Adenocarcinoma using Rough Set Theory
Prediction of Dominant Genes Responsible for Lung Adenocarcinoma using Rough Set Theory Abhinandan responsible for Lung Adenocarcinoma using Rough Set Theory. The work takes a microarray dataset containing and attributes. Using rough set theory, redundant attributes are then determined and eliminated. The core
Gesbert, David
Implicator-Conjunctor Based Models of Fuzzy Rough Sets: Definitions and Properties
Implicator-Conjunctor Based Models of Fuzzy Rough Sets: Definitions and Properties Lynn D'eer1 those proposals which generalize the logical connectives and quantifiers present in the rough set, rough sets, hybridization, lower and upper ap- proximation, implication, conjunction, axiomatic approach
Introduction to the Special Issue on Rough Sets and Soft Computing.
Introduction to the Special Issue on Rough Sets and Soft Computing. T. Y. Lin Department, California 94720 . The notion of rough sets was introduced by Zdzislaw Pawlak in his seminal paper of 1982 of information systems. From the outset, rough set theory has been a methodology of database mining or knowledge
FRPS: A Fuzzy Rough Prototype Selection method Nele Verbiest a,n
: Classification Fuzzy rough sets Instance selection k NN Prototype Selection a b s t r a c t The k Nearest with a reduced but reinforced dataset to pick its neighbours from. We use fuzzy rough set theory to express are instance selection methods specifically designed to improve k NN classification. Rough set theory [6
Relations in Mathematical Morphology with applications to Graphs and Rough Sets
Relations in Mathematical Morphology with applications to Graphs and Rough Sets John G. Stell School of Computing, University of Leeds Leeds, LS2 9JT, U.K. email@example.com Abstract. Rough sets for granularity, and the question of how rough sets relate to mathe- matical morphology has been raised by Bloch
Stell, John
Comparison of Rough-set and Interval-set Models for Uncertain Reasoning
Comparison of Rough-set and Interval-set Models for Uncertain Reasoning Y.Y. Yao and Xining Li Department of Computer Science Lakehead University Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada P7B 5E1 Abstract In the rough-set of their extended set-theoretic operators. The operators in the rough-set model are not truth-functional, while
Fundamenta Informaticae 108 (2011) 249265 249 Two Semantic Issues in a Probabilistic Rough Set Model
Rough Set Model Yiyu Yao Department of Computer Science University of Regina Regina, Canada firstname.lastname@example.com Abstract. Probabilistic rough set models are quantitative generalizations of the classical and qual in a probabilistic rough set model. This paper examines two fundamental semantics-related questions. One
Rough Set Model Selection for Practical Decision Making Joseph P. Herbert JingTao Yao
Rough Set Model Selection for Practical Decision Making Joseph P. Herbert JingTao Yao firstname.lastname@example.com Abstract One of the challenges a decision maker faces is choos- ing a suitable rough set model to use for data analysis. The traditional algebraic rough set model classifies objects into three regions, namely
Personalizing information retrieval in CRISs with Fuzzy Sets and Rough Sets
Personalizing information retrieval in CRISs with Fuzzy Sets and Rough Sets Germán Hurtado Martín? Our approach proposes using fuzzy and rough sets to make the matching process between the users. Furthermore, both fuzzy and rough sets perform well in the presence of imperfect or missing information
Rough Sets for Uncertainty Reasoning S.K.M. Wong1
Rough Sets for Uncertainty Reasoning S.K.M. Wong1 and C.J. Butz2 1 Department of Computer Science & Engineering, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada, K1N 6N5, firstname.lastname@example.com Abstract. Rough sets have traditionally been applied to decision (clas- sification) problems. We suggest that rough sets are even better
Butz, Cory J.
Fundamenta Informaticae XX (2004) 118 1 A New Rough Sets Model Based on Database Systems
Fundamenta Informaticae XX (2004) 118 1 IOS Press A New Rough Sets Model Based on Database Systems, USA email@example.com Abstract. Rough sets theory was proposed by Pawlak in the 1980s and has been applied success- fully in a lot of domains. One of the major limitations of the traditional rough sets
Concept Lattices in Rough Set Theory Department of Computer Science, University of Regina
Concept Lattices in Rough Set Theory Y.Y. Yao Department of Computer Science, University of Regina-- An alternative formulation of rough set theory can be developed based on a binary relation between two universes, one is a finite set of objects and the other is a finite set of properties. Rough set approximation
Fundamenta Informaticae 34 (1999) 1{21 1 Contributions to the Theory of Rough Sets
Fundamenta Informaticae 34 (1999) 1{21 1 IOS Press Contributions to the Theory of Rough Sets V, KY 40506{0046 firstname.lastname@example.com Abstract. We study properties of rough sets, that is system. A rough set is a pair hL; U i such that L; U are de nable in the information system and L U
Truszczynski, Miroslaw
A Comparative Study of Formal Concept Analysis and Rough Set Theory in Data Analysis
A Comparative Study of Formal Concept Analysis and Rough Set Theory in Data Analysis Yiyu (firstname.lastname@example.com; http://www.cs.uregina.ca/yyao Abstract. The theory of rough sets and formal concept analysis. Formal concept analysis focuses on concepts that are definable by conjuctions of properties, rough set
Neurocomputing 36 (2001) 1}3 Presenting the special issue on Rough-neuro computing
, adaptation, and self-organization on the other. Granular computing including rough sets and fuzzy sets of neural networks and granular computing, in particular rough sets and fuzzy sets. There are 10 papers a way of integrating rough set theory with a fuzzy MLP using a modular evolutionary algorithm
Improving SMOTE with Fuzzy Rough Prototype Selection to detect Noise in Imbalanced
). Using fuzzy rough set theory, the noise level of each instance is measured, and instances for which Rough Set The- ory 1 Introduction Imbalanced classification has become an important field in data mining on fuzzy rough set theory [7]. Next, we remove all instances that have a noise
Ablation of carbon-based materials : investigation of roughness set-up from
Ablation of carbon-based materials : investigation of roughness set-up from heterogeneous reactions for roughness set-up is investigated, based on the coupling between diffusive transfer in the sur- rounding and heat transfers, the importance of which relies on the surface roughness. A new possible physical cause
Generalization of Rough Sets using Modal Logics Department of Computer Science, Lakehead University
Generalization of Rough Sets using Modal Logics Y.Y. Yao Department of Computer Science, email@example.com Abstract The theory of rough sets is an extension of set theory with two addi tional unary set operators in modal logics. By explor ing the relationship between rough sets and modal logics, this paper
Information Granulation and Approximation in a Decision-theoretic Model of Rough Sets
Information Granulation and Approximation in a Decision-theoretic Model of Rough Sets Y.Y. Yao in the gran- ulated universe are two related fundamental issues in the theory of rough sets. Many proposals of results from existing studies that are relevant to a decision-theoretic modeling of rough sets. Two
A Comparative Study of Fuzzy Sets and Rough Sets Department of Computer Science, Lakehead University
A Comparative Study of Fuzzy Sets and Rough Sets Y.Y. Yao 1 Department of Computer Science and compares theories of fuzzy sets and rough sets. Two approaches for the formulation of fuzzy sets are reviewed, one is based on many-valued logic and the other is based on modal logic. Two views of rough sets
Fundamenta Informaticae 34 (1999) 1--21 1 Contributions to the Theory of Rough Sets
Fundamenta Informaticae 34 (1999) 1--21 1 IOS Press Contributions to the Theory of Rough Sets V Lexington, KY 40506--0046 firstname.lastname@example.com Abstract. We study properties of rough sets, that is system. A rough set is a pair hL; Ui such that L; U are definable in the information system and L ` U
Two Views of the Theory of Rough Sets in Finite Universes
Two Views of the Theory of Rough Sets in Finite Universes Y.Y. Yao 1 Department of Computer Science This paper presents and compares two views of the theory of rough sets. The operator-oriented view interprets rough set theory as an extension of set theory with two additional unary operators. Under such a view
Fuzzy Rough Set Based Web Query Expansion Martine De Cock and Chris Cornelis
Fuzzy Rough Set Based Web Query Expansion Martine De Cock and Chris Cornelis Fuzziness, Krijgslaan 281 (S9), 9000 Gent, Belgium {Martine.DeCock, email@example.com Abstract Fuzzy rough set on average -- we focus on query ex- pansion, i.e. the process of adding related terms to the query. Rough set
Fuzzy Rough Sets: Beyond the Obvious Martine De Cock, Chris Cornelis, Etienne Kerre
Fuzzy Rough Sets: Beyond the Obvious Martine De Cock, Chris Cornelis, Etienne Kerre firstname.lastname@example.com Abstract-- Rough set theory was introduced in 1982. Soon it was combined with fuzzy set theory, giving rise. I. INTRODUCTION Pawlak [12] launched rough set theory as a framework for the construction
Incorporating Game-theoretic Rough Sets in Web-based Medical Decision Support Systems
Incorporating Game-theoretic Rough Sets in Web-based Medical Decision Support Systems JingTao Yao of game-theoretic rough set (GTRS) component in WMDSS is explored and investigated for this purpose. The GTRS is a recent development in rough sets that takes advantages from data analysis capabilities
A Rough Sets Based Approach to Feature Selection M. Zhang J. T. Yao
A Rough Sets Based Approach to Feature Selection M. Zhang J. T. Yao Department of Computer Science. The features are measured by their necessity in heuristic feature selection techniques. Rough set theory has been used to define the necessity of features in literature. We propose a new rough set based feature
Decision-Theoretic Rough Set Models Department of Computer Science, University of Regina,
Decision-Theoretic Rough Set Models Yiyu Yao Department of Computer Science, University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada S4S 0A2 E-mail: email@example.com Abstract. Decision-theoretic rough set models are a probabilistic exten- sion of the algebraic rough set model. The required parameters
Interval-valued Fuzzy-Rough Feature Selection and Application for Handling Missing Values in Datasets
, UK {rkj,email@example.com Abstract One of the many successful applications of rough set theory has been to the area of feature selection. The rough set ideol- ogy of using only the supplied data and no other information has many benefits, where most other methods require sup- plementary knowledge. Fuzzy-rough set
The effect of roughness on aerosol deposition in tubes
is the Reynolds number. The data formed a peculiar dip at a Reynolds number between 2000 and 10, 000 (depending on roughness) and remained fairly constant for increased Reynolds number. Nikuradse concluded that when the thickness of the laminar layer is greater...). The experiments of Wirtz and Chen (1991) were conducted on internally transverse finned (ribbed) tubes for a Reynolds number range of 2000 - 8000 and various rib spacings (3 - 18 mm) and heights (12 - 18 mm), using air as the fluid media. Their experimental...
Chavez, Mario Cesar
Scaling laws governing the roughness of the swash edge line
The physics of swash i.e. a layer of water that washes up on the beach after an incoming wave has broken is complicated and intriguing. It includes perplexed hydrodynamic and sediment transport events. In our paper we address to the roughness of the moving swash boundary at which a beach, water and air meet. We treat the behavior of this boundary as an interfacial phenomenon, without going into details of formation of edge waves and beach cusps, covered broadly in literature. This "crude" approach turns out to be productive and revealing the resemblance of the swash line with a broad diversity of effects arising from the random pinning of moving boundaries.
Ed. Bormashenko; A. Musin; R. Grynuov
On the relation between rough set reducts and typical testors
Abstract This paper studies the relations between rough set reducts and typical testors from the so-called logical combinatorial approach to pattern recognition. Definitions, comments and observations are formally introduced and supported by illustrative examples. Furthermore, some theorems expressing theoretical relations between reducts and typical testors are enunciated and proved. We also discuss several practical applications of these relations that can mutually enrich the development of research and applications in both areas. Although we focus on the relation between the classical concepts of testor and reduct, our study can be expanded to include other types of testors and reducts.
Manuel S. Lazo-Cort�s; Jos� Fco. Mart�nez-Trinidad; Jes�s A. Carrasco-Ochoa; Guillermo Sanchez-Diaz
Rough Rock, Arizona: Energy Resources | Open Energy Information
Rock, Arizona: Energy Resources Rock, Arizona: Energy Resources Jump to: navigation, search Equivalent URI DBpedia Coordinates 36.4072229°, -109.8728929° Loading map... {"minzoom":false,"mappingservice":"googlemaps3","type":"ROADMAP","zoom":14,"types":["ROADMAP","SATELLITE","HYBRID","TERRAIN"],"geoservice":"google","maxzoom":false,"width":"600px","height":"350px","centre":false,"title":"","label":"","icon":"","visitedicon":"","lines":[],"polygons":[],"circles":[],"rectangles":[],"copycoords":false,"static":false,"wmsoverlay":"","layers":[],"controls":["pan","zoom","type","scale","streetview"],"zoomstyle":"DEFAULT","typestyle":"DEFAULT","autoinfowindows":false,"kml":[],"gkml":[],"fusiontables":[],"resizable":false,"tilt":0,"kmlrezoom":false,"poi":true,"imageoverlays":[],"markercluster":false,"searchmarkers":"","locations":[{"text":"","title":"","link":null,"lat":36.4072229,"lon":-109.8728929,"alt":0,"address":"","icon":"","group":"","inlineLabel":"","visitedicon":""}]}
Melt and collapse of buried water ice: An alternative hypothesis for the formation of chaotic terrains on Mars
Melt and collapse of buried water ice: An alternative hypothesis for the formation of chaotic: T. Spohn Keywords: Mars chaotic terrain heat flux outflow channel Chaotic terrains if these features can form by melting and collapse of buried water ice in a confined basin. 2D thermal modelling
Utrecht, Universiteit
Influence of roughness on near-field heat transfer between two plates
The surface roughness correction to the near-field heat transfer between two rough bulk materials is discussed by using second-order perturbation theory. The results allow for estimating the impact of surface roughness to the heat transfer in recent experiments between two plates and between a microsphere and a plate (using the Derjaguin approximation). Furthermore, we show that the proximity approximation for describing rough surfaces is valid for distances much smaller than the correlation length of the surface roughness even if the heat transfer is dominated by the coupling of surface modes.
Svend-Age Biehs; Jean-Jacques Greffet
Migration and oil industry employment of north slope Alaska natives. Technical report (Final)
This study has two purposes: To find out why people migrate to and within the North Slope; To find out if working for the oil industry at Prudhoe Bay or Kuparuk makes North Slope Natives more likely to migrate. This is the first study of Alaska Native migration based on interviews of Alaska North Slope Native migrants, of non-Native migrants, and of Alaska North Slope Natives who are oil industry employees. It has two major chapters: one on household migration and the other on oil industry employment. The report is based on interviews conducted in March 1992.
Marshall, D.
A note on the stability theory of buoyancy-driven ocean currents over a sloping bottom
In a previous paper, a new model was derived describing the baroclinic dynamics of buoyancy-driven ocean currents over a sloping bottom. In particular,...
Richard H. Karsten; Gordon E. Swaters
File:Wind rough example.pdf | Open Energy Information
source source History View New Pages Recent Changes All Special Pages Semantic Search/Querying Get Involved Help Apps Datasets Community Login | Sign Up Search File Edit History Facebook icon Twitter icon » File:Wind rough example.pdf Jump to: navigation, search File File history File usage Metadata File:Wind rough example.pdf Size of this preview: 776 × 600 pixels. Go to page 1 2 Go! next page → next page → Full resolution (1,650 × 1,275 pixels, file size: 196 KB, MIME type: application/pdf, 2 pages) File history Click on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time. Date/Time Thumbnail Dimensions User Comment current 18:03, 2 January 2014 Thumbnail for version as of 18:03, 2 January 2014 1,650 × 1,275, 2 pages (196 KB) Foteri (Talk | contribs) Category:Wind for Schools Portal CurriculaCategory:Wind for Schools Elementary School Curricula
Rough set approach to the evaluation of stormwater pollution
This paper addresses the problem of urban stormwater quality and its impacts on the receiving water. In order to describe this phenomenon, research aimed at creating a mathematical model of pollution has been conducted. Although various deterministic and stochastic models exist already, the quality of stormwater phenomenon deserves a very careful and thoughtful validation. In order to take advantage of some empirical observations available, we introduce an inductive learning method to discover some regularities in form of ''if...then...'' rules. We suggest the use of the rough set theory for this purpose. This approach is able to process both quantitative and qualitative data and also accepts inconsistency in the dataset. The rules generated from the data explain the phenomenon in terms of relevant attributes, and can be used to predict the level of pollution from future events. We present the results of the rough set analysis of a dataset concerning five catchments in the urban area of Lausanne and Geneva, Switzerland. The application of the rules to events from other catchments, particularly in France, proves the good prediction ability of our model.
Luca Rossi; Roman Slowinski; Robert Susmaga
Rough set-based regionalisation in air quality monitoring
Regionalisation is to organise a large set of spatial objects into spatially contiguous regions despite optimising the homogeneity of the derived regions, while representing social and economic geography. To confront this problem, it is necessary to classify the regions to form groups that are homogeneous in air quality attributes. It is to develop a system that applies data mining techniques to study the distribution of air pollutants in Chennai, a metro city in India using vehicular ad hoc networking and map the distribution on the geographical map for effective policy making. In conventional regionalisation methods, the data points are assigned to a single region in a multidimensional attribute space affecting air pollution response. However, some data points, having distributed membership to more than one region, could not be justified and allocated to a single region. Rough set-based clustering technique is applied to regionalisation problem to resolve vague or overlapping regions. The overlapping regions are restructured to guarantee the homogeneity of the regions formed or altered. The investigations of the cluster validity tests confirm the effectiveness of rough set-based regionalisation in air quality modelling.
Komathy Karuppanan; Christina Jayakumaran
Sloped-collector solar updraft tower power plant performance
Abstract A mathematical model describing fluid flow, heat transfer and pressure distribution inside a sloped-collector solar updraft tower power plant (SCSUTPP) is presented by assuming a steady compressible flow. Compared to conventional horizontal-collector solar updraft tower power plants (HCSUTPPs), the performance of SCSUTPP is comprehensively studied based on the mathematical model. The power outputs for SCSUTPP and HCSUTPP using the essential expression of driving force are respectively compared with those using the driving force expressions containing no integral, as proposed in literature. Results show that the expression containing no integral is accurate for HCSUCPP based on a compressible fluid model. The expression containing no integral is not accurate for predicting the driving force of SCSUTPP based on an incompressible fluid model when no variation of the atmospheric density with heights and no variation of difference of the atmospheric density and the density of the current inside the short SUT with heights are assumed. The gravitational effect has to be considered for predicting the SCSUTPP performance. The results show that the pressure potential and the power production of an SCSUCPP with a collector of 848�m height and a vertical SUT 123�m high lies between those for two \\{HCSUCPPs\\} respectively with vertical \\{SUTs\\} 547�m and 971�m high. This work lays a good foundation for accurate predication of potential power produced from SCSUTPP.
Xinping Zhou; Shuo Yuan; Marco Aur�lio dos Santos Bernardes
Investigation of Microphysical Parameters within Winter and Summer Type Precipitation Events over Mountainous [Complex] Terrain
In this study we investigate complex terrain effects on precipitation with RAMS for both in winter and summer cases from a microphysical perspective. We consider a two dimensional east-west topographic cross section in New Mexico representative of the Jemez mountains on the west and the Sangre de Cristo mountains on the east. Located between these two ranges is the Rio Grande Valley. In these two dimensional experiments, variations in DSDs are considered to simulate total precipitation that closely duplicate observed precipitation.
Stalker, James R.; Bossert, James E.
Building damage risk assessment on mining terrains in Poland with GIS application
The aim of the paper was to present an approach to building damage risk assessment on mining induced areas. The presented method was developed in Poland and then adopted in the other European countries. The method shown is based on a comparison between buildings strength and terrain deformation. Prediction principles of the mining terrain deformation and terrain categorization were described in the paper. Moreover a point method for a building strength to mining impact evaluation was discussed. It should be emphasized that the presented method is optimal for densely build-up areas. The authors proposed supporting actually applied method by GIS analyses. As a case study a densely build-up area influenced by an underground mining exploitation of one of the biggest Polish coal mines has been chosen. The application of the presented method supported by GIS on chosen area enables more automated assessment of building damage caused by mining activity. The procedure outlined in this paper may also be satisfactorily applied in the other counties which cope with the problem of building damage risk assessment optimization.
A. Malinowska; R. Hejmanowski
On the use of the Boussinesq equation for interpreting recession hydrographs from sloping aquifers
On the use of the Boussinesq equation for interpreting recession hydrographs from sloping aquifers solutions to the one-dimensional Boussinesq equation for unconfined flow in a homogeneous and horizontal compare analytical solutions to the linearized one-dimensional Boussinesq equation for a sloping aquifer
Tullos, Desiree
Overview of NCHRP Design Guideline for EPS-Block Geofoam in Slope Stabilization and Repair
1 Overview of NCHRP Design Guideline for EPS-Block Geofoam in Slope Stabilization and Repair David in Construction Applications (EPS 2011 Norway) June 6-8, 2011 #12;2 ABSTRACT This paper presents an overview of the design guideline for the use of expanded polystyrene (EPS)-block geofoam for slope stabilization
Horvath, John S.
BACK-ANALYSES OF LANDFILL SLOPE FAILURES Nejan Huvaj-Sarihan Timothy D. Stark
BACK-ANALYSES OF LANDFILL SLOPE FAILURES Nejan Huvaj-Sarihan Timothy D. Stark University strength of MSW. The back-analysis of failed waste slopes in the Gnojna Grora landfill in Poland, Istanbul Landfill in Turkey, Hiriya Landfill in Israel, and Payatas Landfill in Philippines are presented
Two and three dimensional analysis of a slope failure in a lignite mine
With about 9.3 billion tons of reserve, lignite is a major source for energy production in Turkey. The Afsin-Elbistan lignite basin, containing 47% of the overall lignite reserve in Turkey, lies in the Afsin and Elbistan districts as a part of Kahramanmaras. ... Keywords: Lignite mine, Numerical modeling, Slope failures, Slope stability analysis
Levent Tutluoglu; Ibrahim Ferid �Ge; Celal Karpuz
Error reduction in slope stability assessment Jean-Alain Fleurisson and Roger Cojean
Tech, Centre de Géosciences, Fontainebleau, France 1. Introduction Slopes in quarries and open pit mines on every continent or failure in open pit mines and quarries) in which safety and profitability to environmental issues, long-term stability of slopes in quarries, open pit mines and mainly embankments must
Slope design and implementation in open pit mines; geological and geomechanical Jean-Alain FLEURISSON
stability, slope design, engineering geology, fault, open pit mines, SOMAIR uranium mine, OCP phosphate mine1 GHGT-9 Slope design and implementation in open pit mines; geological and geomechanical approach all natural geological and geomechanical features and the geological structures as well
Boyer, Edmond
The effects of the substrate surface roughness on graphene plasmons
We investigate the effects of variation in the gap size between mono-layer graphene and a substrate with a randomly rough surface on the linear response of graphene�s ? electron bands within the approximation of Dirac fermions. We adopt the electrostatic Green�s function developed by Rahman and Maradudin [Phys. Rev. B 21, 2137�2143 (1980)] for the surface of a dielectric medium, which exhibits a Gaussian distributed height profile and combine it with the polarization function of graphene described as a zero-thickness planar layer at a fixed distance from the mean position of the substrate surface. We specifically consider the effects of a random gap size on the two-dimensional sheet plasmon mode in heavily doped graphene, both on its dispersion relation in the long-wavelength limit and its broadening due to Landau damping in the continuum of inter-band electron-hole excitations at shorter wavelengths.
Lyon, Keenan A.; Miskovic, Zoran L. [Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave W, N2L 3G1, Waterloo, Ontario (Canada)
Scaling relations for contour lines of rough surfaces
Equilibrium and nonequilibrium growth phenomena, e.g., surface growth, generically yields self-affine distributions. Analysis of statistical properties of these distributions appears essential in understanding statistical mechanics of underlying phenomena. Here, we analyze scaling properties of the cumulative distribution of iso-height loops (i.e., contour lines) of rough self-affine surfaces in terms of loop area and system size. Inspired by the Coulomb gas methods, we find the generating function of the area of the loops. Interestingly, we find that, after sorting loops with respect to their perimeters, Zipf-like scaling relations hold for ranked loops. Numerical simulations are also provided in order to demonstrate the proposed scaling relations.
M. A. Rajabpour and S. M. Vaez Allaei
Forward approximation and backward approximation in fuzzy rough sets
Abstract It is general to obtain rules by attribute reduction in fuzzy information systems. Instead of obtaining rules by attribute reduction, which may have a negative effect on inducting good rules, the objective of this paper is to extract rules without computing attribute reducts. Forward and backward approximations in fuzzy rough sets are first defined, and their important properties are discussed. Two algorithms based on forward and backward approximations, namely, mine rules based on the forward approximation (MRBFA) and mine rules based on the backward approximation (MRBBA), are proposed for rule extraction. The two algorithms are evaluated by several data sets from the UC Irvine Machine Learning Repository. The experimental results show that both MRBFA and MRBBA achieve better classification performances than the method based on attribute reduction.
Yi Cheng
Economics of Alaska North Slope gas utilization options
The recoverable natural gas available for sale in the developed and known undeveloped fields on the Alaskan North Slope (ANS) total about 26 trillion cubic feet (TCF), including 22 TCF in the Prudhoe Bay Unit (PBU) and 3 TCF in the undeveloped Point Thomson Unit (PTU). No significant commercial use has been made of this large natural gas resource because there are no facilities in place to transport this gas to current markets. To date the economics have not been favorable to support development of a gas transportation system. However, with the declining trend in ANS oil production, interest in development of this huge gas resource is rising, making it important for the U.S. Department of Energy, industry, and the State of Alaska to evaluate and assess the options for development of this vast gas resource. The purpose of this study was to assess whether gas-to-liquids (GTL) conversion technology would be an economic alternative for the development and sale of the large, remote, and currently unmarketable ANS natural gas resource, and to compare the long term economic impact of a GTL conversion option to that of the more frequently discussed natural gas pipeline/liquefied natural gas (LNG) option. The major components of the study are: an assessment of the ANS oil and gas resources; an analysis of conversion and transportation options; a review of natural gas, LNG, and selected oil product markets; and an economic analysis of the LNG and GTL gas sales options based on publicly available input needed for assumptions of the economic variables. Uncertainties in assumptions are evaluated by determining the sensitivity of project economics to changes in baseline economic variables.
Thomas, C.P.; Doughty, T.C.; Hackworth, J.H.; North, W.B.; Robertson, E.P.
Effects of the roughness characteristics on the wire tool surface for the electrical discharge machining properties
Wire electrical discharge machining (WEDM) has been investigated to obtain the better discharge machining properties of the removal rate and the surface roughness in a few decades. Recently, it revealed that the rough tool electrodes can improve the WEDM properties for some sort of materials. In this study, the rough wire electrodes using a wet blasting method was developed and evaluated the machining performance for the insulated Si{sub 3}N{sub 4} in the WEDM processes. As the results, it could not recognize the advantage of roughness wire electrode under the high-energy condition, but it found that the electro-conductive layer thickness became thinner in comparison with those of normal wires. On the contrary, it could be obtained the better surface roughness in the low energy condition. It was supposed that the roughed wire surface generates the homogeneous dispersion discharges on the workpiece.
Fukuzawa, Yasushi; Yamashita, Masahide; Mamuro, Hiroaki; Yamashita, Ken [Nagaoka University of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 1603-1 Kamitomioka-machi, Nagaoka, Niigata, 940-2188 (Japan); Ogata, Masayoshi [Macoho Co., Ltd. 525 Kanawa, Isurugi-machi, Nagaoka, Niigata 940-2032 JAPAN (Japan)
Rough Approximations under Level Fuzzy Sets W.-N. Liu J.T. Yao Y.Y.Yao
Rough Approximations under Level Fuzzy Sets W.-N. Liu J.T. Yao Y.Y.Yao Department of Computer]@cs.uregina.ca Abstract. The combination of fuzzy set and rough set theories lead to various models. Functional and set- mations based on the notion of level fuzzy sets. Two rough approximation models, namely -level rough set
2012 IEEE International Conference on Granular Computing Granular and Rough Computing on Covering
@email@example.com San Jose, CA, USA firstname.lastname@example.com Abstract-Covering-based rough set (CRS) is a meaningful and important generalization of Pawlak's rough set theory. The primary goal of this paper is to extend-covering-based rough set; the globaV2nd GrC Model; neighborhood system; best upper and lower approxi mations; largest
Scattering of optical guided waves by waveguide surface roughness: a three-dimensional treatment
The scattering of optical guided waves by waveguide surface roughness has been analyzed in three dimensions. The scattered fields were determined by satisfying the boundary conditions...
Hall, D G
Procedure of evaluating the surface roughness of the electrospark coating after burnishing with mineral ceramics
The procedure of evaluating the surface roughness of metal-cutting tools strengthened by the local electrospark deposition of coatings with the subsequent burnishing with...
V. N. Gadalov; D. N. Romanenko; V. V. Samoilov�
Rough sets on fuzzy approximation spaces and applications to distributed knowledge systems
A fuzzy relation is an extension of crisp relation on any set U. Fuzzy proximity relations on U are much more general and abundant than equivalence relations. The fuzzy approximation space which depends upon a fuzzy proximity relation defined on a set U is a generalisation of the concept of knowledge base. So, rough sets defined on fuzzy approximation spaces extend the concept of rough sets on knowledge bases. The results of the present paper extend the basic properties of rough sets and results involving set theoretic operations on types of rough sets that have been established in Tripathy and Mitra (2008).
D.P. Acharjya; B.K. Tripathy
A study on some topological aspects of fuzzy sets, rough sets and soft sets; -.
??This thesis consists of three major parts viz., study of the topological notions of fuzzy sets, rough sets and soft sets. The first part consists� (more)
Juthika, Mahanta
Investigation of rotor blade roughness effects on turbine performance
The cold air test program was completed on the SSME (Space Shuttle Main Engine) HPFTP (High-Pressure Fuel Turbopump) turbine with production nozzle vane rings and polished coated rotor blades with a smooth surface finish of 30[mu]in. (0.76 [mu]m) rms (root mean square). The smooth blades were polished by an abrasive flow machining process. The test results were compared with the air test results from production rough-coated rotor blades with a surface finish of up to 400 [mu]in. (10.16 [mu]m) rms. Turbine efficiency was higher for the smooth blades over the entire range tested. Efficiency increased 2.1 percentage points at the SSME 104 percent RPL (Rated Power Level) conditions. This efficiency improvement could reduce the SSME HPFTP turbine inlet temperature by 57 R (32K), increasing turbine durability. The turbine flow parameter increased and the midspan outlet swirl angle became more axial with the smooth rotor blades.
Boynton, J.L.; Tabibzadeh, R. (Rockwell International Corp., Canoga Park, CA (United States). Rocketdyne Div.); Hudson, S.T. (NASA-Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL (United States))
An approach to configuring product family using rough set theory
Configuration design is one of the most important elements in the design for product family, with which designers could customise products for customers according to their specific requirements. The traditional approach to configuring products is based on configuration rules which reflect the mapping relations between customer requirements and design variables. But how to acquire the configuration rules is becoming the bottleneck. A kind of general way is to depend on design experts themselves to create such rules. It would take plenty of time for design experts to establish rules database. As such, this paper presents a framework of configuration design for product family through giving the variant components with different attribute values, in which the acquisition of configuration rules is connected with the idea of data mining using the rough set theory from large numbers of historical design data instead of the design expert's experience. It can help not only design experts but also novice designers analyse the dependence between customer requirements and design parameters, and acquire the configuration rules hidden in the historical data easily.
Bin Zhu; Pingyu Jiang
Saving the soil: AgriLife units work to improve traning terrain
quality of supply reservoirs. The revegetation project began in 2003, and project members started evaluating the addition of composted dairy manure to primary training areas as a management practice. Compost enhances soil quality and promotes...Saving the soil AgriLife units work to improve training terrain Story by Melanie Orth txH2O | pg. 9 Heavy tanks and armored vehicles that have continually rolled over the 67,000-acre West Range at Fort Hood for the past 60 years have...
Orth, Melanie
Saving the soil: AgriLife units work to improve training terrain
Final Report of the Grant: ''Vertical Transport and Mixing in Complex Terrain Airsheds''
Stable stratification associated with nocturnal thermal circulation in areas of complex terrain leads to interesting and important phenomena that govern local meteorology and contaminant dispersion. Given that most urban areas are in complex topography, understanding and prediction of such phenomena are of immediate practical importance. This project dealt with theoretical, laboratory, numerical and field experimental studies aimed at understanding stratified flow and turbulence phenomena in urban areas, with particular emphasis on flow, turbulence and contaminant transport and diffusion in such flows. A myriad of new results were obtained and some of these results were used to improve the predictive capabilities of the models.
Harindra Joseph Fernando James Anderson Don Boyer Neil Berman
Remote sensing analysis of natural oil and gas seeps on the continental slope of the northern Gulf of Mexico
. The continental slope of the northern Gulf of Mexico is an economically important hydrocarbon basin. As oil-drilling technologies improve and reservoirs on the continental shelf are depleted, more companies are leasing drilling areas on the slope. The number.... The continental slope of the northern Gulf of Mexico is an economically important hydrocarbon basin. As oil-drilling technologies improve and reservoirs on the continental shelf are depleted, more companies are leasing drilling areas on the slope. The number...
De Beukelaer, Sophie Magdalena
Data from Innovative Methane Hydrate Test on Alaska's North Slope Now
Data from Innovative Methane Hydrate Test on Alaska's North Slope Data from Innovative Methane Hydrate Test on Alaska's North Slope Now Available on NETL Website Data from Innovative Methane Hydrate Test on Alaska's North Slope Now Available on NETL Website March 11, 2013 - 10:07am Addthis DOE participated in gas hydrate field production trials in early 2012 in partnership with ConocoPhillips and the Japan Oil, Gas and Metals National Corp at the IÄ¡nik Sikumi (Inupiat for âFire in the Iceâ) test well, shown here, on the north slope of Alaska. Datasets from that field trial are now available to the public. DOE participated in gas hydrate field production trials in early 2012 in partnership with ConocoPhillips and the Japan Oil, Gas and Metals National Corp at the Iġnik Sikumi (Inupiat for "Fire in the Ice") test well,
NETL: Oil & Natural Gas Projects: Alaska North Slope Oil and Gas
Alaska North Slope Oil and Gas Transportation Support System Last Reviewed 12/23/2013 Alaska North Slope Oil and Gas Transportation Support System Last Reviewed 12/23/2013 DE-FE0001240 Goal The primary objectives of this project are to develop analysis and management tools related to Arctic transportation networks (e.g., ice and snow road networks) that are critical to North Slope, Alaska oil and gas development. Performers Geo-Watersheds Scientific, Fairbanks, AK 99708 University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99775 Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 Background Oil and gas development on the North Slope is critical for maintaining U.S. energy supplies and is facing a period of new growth to meet the increasing energy needs of the nation. A majority of all exploration and development activities, pipeline maintenance, and other field support projects take
THE FIRST SLOPE CASE OF WAN'S CONJECTURE JASPER SCHOLTEN AND HUI JUNE ZHU Abstract. Let d 2 and p, Hodge polygon, zeta and L functions over finite fields, Wan's Conjecture. 1 #12;2 JASPER SCHOLTEN
Zhu, Hui June
SLOPE ESTIMATES OF ARTIN-SCHREIER CURVES JASPER SCHOLTEN AND HUI JUNE ZHU Abstract. Let X polygon, zeta and L functions over finite fields. 1 #12;2 JASPER SCHOLTEN AND HUI JUNE ZHU b) If p > 2d
Acid precipitation and surface-water vulnerability on the western slope of the high colorado rockies
Precipitation and surface waters in a high-elevation watershed on the western slope of the Colorado Rockies were studied over a three-year...?1 in the former and 100 to 900 ?eq L?1 in the latter.
John Harts; Greg P. Lockett; Richard A. Schneider�
ARM�s Climate Change Educational Outreach on the North Slope...
ARM's Climate Change Educational Outreach on the North Slope of Alaska C. E. Talus, F. J. Barnes, and M. H. Springer Los Alamos National Laboratory Los Alamos, New Mexico R. H....
Processes Coupling the Upper and Deep Ocean on the Continental Slope D. Randolph Watts
Processes Coupling the Upper and Deep Ocean on the Continental Slope D. Randolph Watts Graduate-pronged approach has required a combination of expertise from R. Watts, G. Sutyrin, and I. Ginis (who have
Rhode Island, University of
Processes Coupling the Upper and Deep Ocean on the Continental Slope D. Randolph Watts Graduate of expertise from R. Watts, G. Sutyrin, and I. Ginis (who have a coordinated ONR-supported study at URI
Subinertial Slope-Trapped Waves in the Northeastern Gulf of Mexico
Current velocity from moored arrays of acoustic Doppler current profilers (ADCPs) deployed on the outer shelf and slope, south of Mobile Bay in the northeastern Gulf of Mexico, shows evidence of alongslope, generally westward-propagating ...
Z. R. Hallock; W. J. Teague; E. Jarosz
Crustal insights from gravity and aeromagnetic analysis: Central North Slope, Alaska
...of the Arctic coastal plain, complete Bouguer gravity...the east, the coastal plain is spanned by a 1981 survey (Cunningham et al., 1987; Donovan et al., 1988...Slope, including the ANWR 1002 (coastal plain) area and west into eastern...
Richard W. Saltus; Christopher J. Potter; Jeffrey D. Phillips
The regional geothermal heat flow regime of the north-central Gulf of Mexico continental slope.
??Eighty-eight oil and gas wells located in the Texas-Louisiana continental slope were analyzed to obtain heat flow and geothermal gradient values. Present-day geothermal heat flow� (more)
Jones, Michael S
Soil solution chemistry at different positions on slope in a conifer plantation forest
It is known that soil property varies along the slope. It suggests that soil solution chemistry also differs topographically. To determine the variation in soil solution chemistry within one watershed, soil so...
Naoko Tokuchi; Goro Iwatsubo
E-Print Network 3.0 - atlantic slope waters Sample Search Results
the southern South Atlantic the high... long as the pressure does not vary. If a water parcel moves to a different depth, the slope and value... Atlantic. The continuity of this...
Parametric Numerical Study of Seismic Slope Stability and Verification of the Newmark Method
...2D dynamic modelling of seismic slope stability is applied to a landslide-prone area in Central Asia, the Mailuu-Suu Valley, situated in the south of Kyrgyzstan...
Almaz Torgoev; Hans-Balder Havenith
Slope Dynamic Geomorphology of the Mailuu-Suu Area, Aspects of Long-Term Prediction
Long-term monitoring and the analysis of stability of the slopes subject to landslides on the territory of southwest Tien Shan where loessial soils are common, show almost a constant speed of deformation (seconda...
Yuri Aleshin; Isakbek Torgoev
Multiplexed fiber-optic sensors using a dual-slope frequency-modulated source
We propose and demonstrate a multiplexed fiber-optic sensor system using a dual-slope (triangular) frequency-modulated laser source. The restrictions in the selection of beat...
Chien, Pie-Yau; Pan, Ci-Ling
Tidally Forced Internal Waves and Overturns Observed on a Slope: Results from HOME
Tidal mixing over a slope was explored using moored time series observations on Kaena Ridge extending northwest from Oahu, Hawaii, during the Survey component of the Hawaii Ocean Mixing Experiment (HOME). A mooring was instrumented to sample the ...
Murray D. Levine; Timothy J. Boyd
Nonlinear infragravity-wave interactions on a gently sloping laboratory beach
A high-resolution data set of three irregular wave conditions collected on a gently sloping, laboratory beach is analyzed to study nonlinear energy transfers involving infragravity frequencies. We use bispectral analysis to identify the dominant ...
A. T. M. de Bakker; T. H. C. Herbers; P. B. Smit; M. F. S. Tissier; B. G. Ruessink
Surfaces of metal sheets initially contain high frequency, low amplitude roughness components imparted during the rolling process. When plastic deformation is imposed, the amplitude of these free surface components increases, producing various kinds of morphological features including randomness, periodicity and waviness. The features often control key functional aspects of a metal surface, such as reflected image clarity, lubricant transport, and spot weldability. The key to understanding the evolution of topographical features on plastically deformed sheet surfaces involves characterizing those features using appropriate quantitative measures. In this study, selected roughness characterization tools are used to 3-D surface roughening of 6022-T4 Al sheets deformed in plane strain. Modified roughness parameters, viz., peak-to-valley mean-height roughness (Rmh) and 10 % mean-height roughness (Rpv), were used to characterize roughness amplitude in order to overcome the deficiencies inherent with the root mean square roughness (Rq). A new approach, in which the roughness pattern is divided into several regimes, was also used to investigate the frequency components that provide the major contributions to surface roughening. The Fast Fourier
unknown authors
On the limiting aerodynamic roughness of the ocean in very strong winds
On the limiting aerodynamic roughness of the ocean in very strong winds M. A. Donelan,1 B. K. Haus January 2004; accepted 13 August 2004; published 28 September 2004. [1] The aerodynamic friction between, the ``aerodynamic roughness'') increases with the wind speed. Can one merely extrapolate this wind speed tendency
Saltzman, Eric
A rough set-based association rule approach implemented on exploring beverages product spectrum
When items are classified according to whether they have more or less of a characteristic, the scale used is referred to as an ordinal scale. The main characteristic of the ordinal scale is that the categories have a logical or ordered relationship to ... Keywords: Association rule, Data mining, Ordinal scale data processing, Product spectrum, Rough set, Rough set association rule
Shu-Hsien Liao, Yin-Ju Chen
Maximum Class Separability for Rough-Fuzzy C-Means Based Brain MR Image Segmentation
Maximum Class Separability for Rough-Fuzzy C-Means Based Brain MR Image Segmentation Pradipta Maji of brain MR images. The RFCM algorithm comprises a judicious integration of the of rough sets, fuzzy sets with vagueness and incompleteness in class definition of brain MR images, the membership function of fuzzy sets
The Position of Rough Set in Soft Set: A Topological Approach
In this paper, the author presents the concept of topological space that must be used to show a relation between rough set and soft set. There are two main results presented; firstly, a construction of a quasi-discrete topology using indiscernibility ... Keywords: Indiscernibility Relation, Quasi Discrete, Rough Set Theory, Soft Set Theory, Topological Space
Tutut Herawan
Three-Way Decision: An Interpretation of Rules in Rough Set Theory
Three-Way Decision: An Interpretation of Rules in Rough Set Theory Yiyu Yao Department of Computer theory is to induce classification or de- cision rules that indicate the decision class of an object. A new interpretation of rules in rough set theory is intro- duced. According to the positive, boundary
Independent External Peer Review Report Rough River Dam 18 August 2011 ii
#12;Independent External Peer Review Report Rough River Dam 18 August 2011 ii This page intentionally blank. #12;Independent External Peer Review Report Rough River Dam 18 August 2011 iii Table.3 Preparation and Charge for Peer Review Panel 7 3.4 Performing the IEPR 8 3.5 Preparation and Review of Draft
US Army Corps of Engineers
Segmentation of Rough Surfaces Using a Polarization Imaging Patrick Terrier, Vincent Devlaminck, Jean Michel Charbois
methods, that do not require contact with the surface and allow for high measurement speed, have been, based on light scattering[4], our goal is not to measure precisely the roughness, but to obtain. INTRODUCTION The conventional method for measuring surface roughness consists in moving a stylus probe touching
Near-field heat transfer between a nanoparticle and a rough surface
In this work we focus on the surface roughness correction to the near-field radiative heat transfer between a nanoparticle and a material with a rough surface utilizing a direct perturbation theory up to second order in the surface profile. We discuss the different distance regimes for the local density of states above the rough material and the heat flux analytically and numerically. We show that the heat transfer rate is larger than that corresponding to a flat surface at short distances. At larger distances it can become smaller due to surface polariton scattering by the rough surface. For distances much smaller than the correlation length of the surface profile, we show that the results converge to a proximity approximation, whereas in the opposite limit the rough surface can be replaced by an equivalent surface layer.
?-Dominance relation and rough sets in interval-valued information systems
Abstract Though rough set has been widely used to study systems characterized by insufficient and incomplete information, its performance in dealing with initial interval-valued data needs to be seriously considered for improving the suitability and scalability. The aim of this paper is to present a parameterized dominance-based rough set approach to interval-valued information systems. First, by considering the degree that an interval-valued data is dominating another one, we propose the concept of ?-dominance relation. Second, we present the ?-dominance based rough set model in interval-valued decision systems. Finally, we introduce lower and upper approximate reducts into ?-dominance based rough set for simplifying decision rules, we also present the judgement theorems and discernibility functions, which describe how lower and upper approximate reducts can be calculated. This study suggests potential application areas and new research trends concerning rough set approach to interval-valued information systems.
Xibei Yang; Yong Qi; Dong-Jun Yu; Hualong Yu; Jingyu Yang
Measurement of the variance of water surface slopes by a radar: Verification of algorithms
A full-scale experiment is carried out to study backscattering of a microwave radar signal by a rough water surface during flight over the Gorky water storage. A centimeter-wavelength Doppler radar with a knif...
V. Yu. Karaev; M. B. Kanevsky; E. M. Meshkov�
Investigation of model parameters for high-resolution wind energy forecasting: Case studies over simple and complex terrain
Abstract Wind power forecasting, turbine micrositing, and turbine design require high-resolution simulations of atmospheric flow. Case studies at two West Coast North American wind farms, one with simple and one with complex terrain, are explored using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. Both synoptically and locally driven events that include some ramping are considered. The performance of the model with different grid nesting configurations, turbulence closures, and grid resolutions is investigated through comparisons with observation data. For the simple terrain site, no significant improvement in the simulation results is found when using higher resolution. In contrast, for the complex terrain site, there is significant improvement when using higher resolution, but only during the locally driven event. This suggests the possibility that computational resources could be spared under certain conditions, for example when the topography is adequately resolved at coarser resolutions. Physical parameters such as soil moisture have a very large effect, but mostly for the locally forced events for both simple and complex terrain. The effect of the PBL scheme choice varies significantly depending on the meteorological forcing and terrain. On average, prognostic TKE equation schemes perform better than non-local eddy viscosity schemes.
Nikola Marjanovic; Sonia Wharton; Fotini K. Chow
Matroidal structure of covering-based rough sets through the upper approximation number
Covering-based rough set theory is a generalisation of rough set theory. Matroids are based on linear algebra and graph theory, and have a variety of applications in many fields. In this paper, we introduce matroid theory to covering-based rough sets, and explore the matroidal structure and properties of covering-based rough sets. Specifically, we define the upper approximation number to establish the matroidal structure of covering-based rough sets. So many important concepts and methods in matroid theory can be employed to investigate covering-based rough sets. The rank plays a very important role in a matrix, so we use the rank function of the matroid induced by a covering to measure the covering. With the rank function, a pair of approximation operators, namely, matroid approximation operators, are constructed. This type of approximation operators not only inherits the properties of those traditional ones which are defined from the perspective of set theory, but also presents some new properties. Finally, the matroid upper approximations are compared with the second upper approximations in covering-based rough sets.
Shiping Wang; William Zhu
Nuclear tools for characterising radiological dispersion in complex terrain: evaluation of regulatory and emergency response models
Routine operations of a nuclear research reactor and its facilities offer opportunities for collection of rare environmental tracer datasets which can be used for atmospheric dispersion model evaluation studies. The HIFAR reactor near Sydney, Australia, routinely emits the radioactive noble gas 41Ar, and other radionuclides such as 133Xe and 135Xe are also emitted from nearby radiopharmaceutical production facilities. Despite extremely low emission levels of these gases, they are nevertheless detectable using state-of-the-art technology, and sensitive detectors have been placed at four locations in the surrounding region which features complex terrain. The high research potential of this unique dataset is illustrated in the current study, in which predictions from two atmospheric dispersion models used for emergency response are compared with 41Ar peak observations from the detector network under a range of stability conditions, and long-term integrated data is also compared with a routine impact assessment model.
Alastair G. Williams; Geoffrey H. Clark; Leisa Dyer; Richard Barton
The repeated failure of a cut-slope despite continuous reassessment and remedial works
The failure of slopes and the subsequent costs of remedial works are often the result of insufficient geological investigation and inadequate interpretation of ground conditions prior to design. This is compounded by poor investigations into the causes of failures and systemic problems associated with poorly defined responsibilities for the stability of cut-slopes. This paper reviews such problems in detail with reference to the repeated failure of one large slope in Korea. It is demonstrated that the original ground investigation and design were deficient particularly considering the predictable complexity of the geological conditions. Subsequent investigations were similarly deficient. As a consequence the slope failed six times despite nine reassessments by various professional engineers and the implementation of several different remedial schemes over a period of 7 years up to a disastrous failure in 2002. Further reviews, redesign, construction and litigation have continued since then up to the present. During the history of design, failure and reassessment the height of the cut-slope increased from 45�m to 155�m and the cost increased from 3.3�million to 26�million US dollars.
Su-Gon Lee; Stephen R. Hencher
Determination of the Tafel slope for oxygen evolution on boron-doped diamond electrodes
It has been reported that the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) on boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrodes appears at high overpotential and results in unusually high Tafel slope. In this work, we have studied the OER in 1�M \\{HClO4\\} on BDD macroelectrode and microelectrodes-array (MEA). The correction of the anodic polarization curve for ohmic drop has been performed on BDD macroelectrode taking into account the total uncompensated resistance of the studied system. On BDD MEA, no correction of the polarization curve was necessary due to the small contribution of ohmic drop to the measured potential. At low overpotential (Tafel slopes (340 and 680�mV�dec?1 on BDD MEA and BDD, respectively) have been observed. Such high slopes may result from the presence of surface redox couples/functional groups which act as a barrier for OER on BDD. In this potential region, the Tafel slope depends strongly on the state of the electrode surface. In the high overpotential region (>1.2�V), the Tafel slope has been found equal to 120�mV�dec?1, which is the theoretical value considering a first or a second electron transfer step as the rate determining step.
Agnieszka Kapa?ka; Gy�rgy F�ti; Christos Comninellis
Rough Set Based Information Retrieval from Argumentative Data Points in Sea Woo Kim*, Chin-Wan Chung
Rough Set Based Information Retrieval from Argumentative Data Points in Weblogs Sea Woo Kim*, Chin as an object oriented 3- Dimensional system. The goal of our approach is to generate rules from rough sets and to represent them in a 3-dimensional interactive program, Blog Cosmos. We used rough set theory as a candidate
Chung, Chin-Wan
The theory of rough sets, introduced by Pawlak in 1982, has recently emerged as a major mathe-
Preface The theory of rough sets, introduced by Pawlak in 1982, has recently emerged as a major. The focus of rough set theory is on the ambi- guity caused by limited discernibility of objects, rough set theory and granular computation has proven to be another soft com- puting tool which
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON FUZZY SYSTEMS, VOL. 15, NO. 1, FEBRUARY 2007 121 Fuzzy Rough Sets: The Forgotten Step
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON FUZZY SYSTEMS, VOL. 15, NO. 1, FEBRUARY 2007 121 Fuzzy Rough Sets: The Forgotten Step Martine De Cock, Chris Cornelis, and Etienne E. Kerre Abstract--Traditional rough set theory-equivalence relation. However, none of the existing studies on fuzzy rough set theory tries to exploit the fact
On Sea Surface Roughness Parameterization and Its Effect on Tropical Cyclone Structure and Intensity
On Sea Surface Roughness Parameterization and Its Effect on Tropical Cyclone Structure and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822 Yihong Duan National 10, 2009 (Revised) Dateline Revised for Advances in Atmospheric Sciences Corresponding author
Wang, Yuqing
Application of fuzzy SOFM neural network and rough set theory on fault diagnosis for rotating machinery
This paper presents a new method that applies fuzzy logic, rough set theory and SOFM neural network to rotating machinery fault diagnosis. In this method, firstly, relationships between the fault causations and fault symptoms are established by fuzzy ...
Dongxiang Jiang; Kai Li; Gang Zhao; Jinhui Diao
Using support vector machines and rough sets theory for classifying faulty types of diesel engine
Support vector machines (SVM) and rough sets theory (RST) are two emerging techniques in data analysis. The RST can deal with vague data and remove redundant attributes without losing any information of the data; and SVM has powerful classification ability. ...
Ping-Feng Pai; Yu-Ying Huang
substantial kinetic energy in the M2 tide and a rough seaenergy of M2 tide .75integrated kinetic energy of the M 2 tide (J/m 2 ) Figure 4-
Reduction of vortex induced forces and motion through surface roughness control
DOE Patents [OSTI]
Roughness is added to the surface of a bluff body in a relative motion with respect to a fluid. The amount, size, and distribution of roughness on the body surface is controlled passively or actively to modify the flow around the body and subsequently the Vortex Induced Forces and Motion (VIFM). The added roughness, when designed and implemented appropriately, affects in a predetermined way the boundary layer, the separation of the boundary layer, the level of turbulence, the wake, the drag and lift forces, and consequently the Vortex Induced Motion (VIM), and the fluid-structure interaction. The goal of surface roughness control is to decrease/suppress Vortex Induced Forces and Motion. Suppression is required when fluid-structure interaction becomes destructive as in VIM of flexible cylinders or rigid cylinders on elastic support, such as underwater pipelines, marine risers, tubes in heat exchangers, nuclear fuel rods, cooling towers, SPAR offshore platforms.
Bernitsas, Michael M; Raghavan, Kamaldev
Comprehensive Evaluation Model of Building Energy Efficiency Based on Rough Sets Theory
In order to improve the objectivity of building energy efficiency evaluation, this paper uses a new method to evaluate building energy efficiency on the basis of rough sets theory. The contribution of different subentry evaluation indicators...
Ding, L.; Ruan, X.; Huang, J.; Li, Y.
Fuzzy Set Extensions of the Dominance-Based Rough Set Approach
Rough set theory has been proposed by Pawlak in ... operates on an information table composed of a set U of objects described by a set Q of condition and decision attributes. Decision attributes make a partition ...
Comparative Study on Mathematical Foundations of Type-2 Fuzzy Set, Rough Set and Cloud Model
Mathematical representation of a concept with uncertainty is one of foundations of Artificial Intelligence. The type-2 fuzzy set introduced by Mendel studies fuzziness of the membership grade of a concept. Rough
Deyi Li
Wind Speed Retrieval Based on Sea Surface Roughness Measurements from Spaceborne Microwave Radiometers
Wind speed is the main factor responsible for the increase in ocean thermal emission because sea surface emissivity strongly depends on surface roughness. An alternative approach to estimate the surface wind speed (SWS) as a function of surface ...
Sungwook Hong; Inchul Shin
Estimation of sector roughness lengths and the effect on prediction of the vertical wind speed profile
An estimate of roughness length is required by some atmospheric models and is also used in the logarithmic profile to determine the increase of wind speed with height under neutral conditions. The choice ... thei...
R. J. Barthelmie; J. P. Palutikof; T. D. Davies
Enhancement of induced V polarization due to rough interfaces in polycrystalline V/Fe/V trilayers
, and polarized neutron reflectometry. Trilayer samples were sputter deposited onto Si substrates at room with the neutron and resonant x-ray data. Notably, this value for structurally rough interfaces is significantly
Haskel, Daniel
File:EIA-AK-NorthSlope-BOE.pdf | Open Energy Information
File File Edit with form History Facebook icon Twitter icon » File:EIA-AK-NorthSlope-BOE.pdf Jump to: navigation, search File File history File usage Alaskan North Slope By 2001 BOE Reserve Class Size of this preview: 776 × 600 pixels. Full resolution (6,600 × 5,100 pixels, file size: 2.16 MB, MIME type: application/pdf) Description Alaskan North Slope By 2001 BOE Reserve Class Sources Energy Information Administration Authors Samuel H. Limerick; Lucy Luo; Gary Long; David F. Morehouse; Jack Perrin; Robert F. King Related Technologies Oil, Natural Gas Creation Date 2005-09-01 Extent Regional Countries United States UN Region Northern America States Alaska File history Click on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time. Date/Time Thumbnail Dimensions User Comment
The slope parameter approach to marine cathodic protection design and its application to impressed current systems
The recently developed slope parameter approach to design of galvanic anode cathodic protection (cp) systems for marine structures constitutes an advancement in this technology compared to current practice, primarily because the former is first principles based and the latter is an empirical algorithm. In this paper, the slope parameter approach is reviewed; and related applications for which it can be utilized, including (1) design of new and retrofit cp systems, (2) evaluation of potential survey data, and (3) cp system design for complex geometries, are mentioned. The design current density is identified as the single remaining parameter for which values must be projected solely by experience or experimentation. In addition, the slope parameter approach is applied to the results of impressed current cp experiments, and it is shown how parameters for this can be interrelated with those of galvanic anode cp. Advantages of this capability are identified and discussed.
Hartt, W.H.
Influence of deep-seated gravitational slope deformations on landslide distributions: A statistical approach
Abstract The influence of deep-seated gravitational slope deformations (DSGSDs) on the distribution of translational landslides was analyzed in the Milia basin, Tuscany, Italy. Detailed geomorphological mapping, combined with the analysis of aerial photography, enabled us to build two landslide inventories. One inventory including landslides before 1975 was used to create statistical models, whereas the other inventory including landslides after 1975 was used to validate the models. Geology, slope angle, slope aspect, distance to hydrographic elements, and distance to tectonic lineaments were considered as landslide-predisposing factors. To quantify the importance of \\{DSGSDs\\} as another landslide-predisposing factor, the DSGSD presence/absence map was introduced in the stepwise statistical analysis. The landslide inventory maps and factor maps were processed using a conditional analysis on all possible factor combinations to produce landslide susceptibility maps with five susceptibility classes. The results indicate that the \\{DSGSDs\\} significantly affect landslide distribution.
M. Capitani; A. Ribolini; P.R. Federici
Process of Equiaxed Grains of RE-Al Alloy under Slope Vibration
A new technique using slope vibration casting process during heating and isothermal holding period to prepare Al-7Si-2RE alloy has been studied. The small, near-spherical and non-dendritic microstructure with the semi-solid processing requirements has been obtained. Experiments show that the cooling method, pouring process and the convection of melt caused by slope vibration had significant effects on the formation of near-spherical primary gains. The water-cooled copper mold casting with slope vibration at the temperature near liquidus can obtain Al-7Si-2RE alloy with small homogeneous equiaxed grains, the average grain diameter is 48.3 mum, and the average grain roundness is 1.92.
Xie Shikun; Yi Rongxi; Pan Xiaoliang; Zheng Xiaoqiu; Guo Xiuyan [School of Engineering, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, 343009 (China)
File:EIA-AK-NorthSlope-liquids.pdf | Open Energy Information
Alaskan North Slope By 2001 Liquids Reserve Class Alaskan North Slope By 2001 Liquids Reserve Class Size of this preview: 776 × 600 pixels. Full resolution (6,600 × 5,100 pixels, file size: 2.17 MB, MIME type: application/pdf) Description Alaskan North Slope By 2001 Liquids Reserve Class Sources Energy Information Administration Authors Samuel H. Limerick; Lucy Luo; Gary Long; David F. Morehouse; Jack Perrin; Robert F. King Related Technologies Oil, Natural Gas Creation Date 2005-09-01 Extent Regional Countries United States UN Region Northern America States Alaska File history Click on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time. Date/Time Thumbnail Dimensions User Comment current 16:57, 20 December 2010 Thumbnail for version as of 16:57, 20 December 2010 6,600 × 5,100 (2.17 MB) MapBot (Talk | contribs) Automated bot upload
File:EIA-AK-NorthSlope-gas.pdf | Open Energy Information
Alaskan North Slope By 2001 Gas Reserve Class Alaskan North Slope By 2001 Gas Reserve Class Size of this preview: 776 × 600 pixels. Full resolution (6,600 × 5,100 pixels, file size: 2.16 MB, MIME type: application/pdf) Description Alaskan North Slope By 2001 Gas Reserve Class Sources Energy Information Administration Authors Samuel H. Limerick; Lucy Luo; Gary Long; David F. Morehouse; Jack Perrin; Robert F. King Related Technologies Oil, Natural Gas Creation Date 2005-09-01 Extent Regional Countries United States UN Region Northern America States Alaska File history Click on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time. Date/Time Thumbnail Dimensions User Comment current 16:57, 20 December 2010 Thumbnail for version as of 16:57, 20 December 2010 6,600 × 5,100 (2.16 MB) MapBot (Talk | contribs) Automated bot upload
Energy dependence of slope parameter in elastic nucleon-nucleon scattering
The study of slope parameter is presented for elastic proton-proton and antiproton-proton scattering with taking into account the resent experimental data at high energies. The expanded logarithmic approximations allow the description of the experimental slopes in all available energy range reasonably. Accounting for the LHC results leads to the dramatic change of behavior of the quadratic in logarithm approximation at high energies and to the closer trends for all fitting functions under study in comparison with the analysis at collision energies up to the 200 GeV. The estimations of the asymptotic shrinkage parameter $\\alpha'_{\\cal{P}}$ are discussed. Predictions for diffraction slope parameter are obtained for some proton-proton and antiproton-proton facilities.
Okorokov, V A
Roughness-induced Transient Growth: Continuous-spectrum Receptivity and Secondary Instability Analysis
] investigated the boundary layer response to an array of roughness elements that were both repeatable and of significant size. He arranged an array of spheres on a flat plate and contrasted results with single spheres and multi-sphere arrays. These spheres....S., Case Western Reserve University Chair of Advisory Committee: Dr. Edward White This dissertation analyzes the effect of periodic roughness elements on the stability of a flat plate boundary layer. Receptivity data is extracted from direct numerical...
Denissen, Nicholas Allen
With about 9.3 billion tons of reserve, lignite is a major source for energy production in Turkey. The Af?in�Elbistan lignite basin, containing 47% of the overall lignite reserve in Turkey, lies in the Af?in and Elbistan districts as a part of Kahramanmara?. The new ��llolar opencast mine is in the Afsin�Elbistan lignite basin, and this mine will be the second mining activity in the basin after the active K??lak�y opencast mine. The new mine will meet the coal consumption of the Elbistan B power plant. Input parameters for slope stability analysis are essential, and so they must be determined accurately and precisely. Field investigations, laboratory testing and back analyses are vital instruments for the input parameters. This study presents the results of slope stability analysis via finite difference code and a limit equilibrium software for the soil slopes of the Elbistan���llolar lignite mine. The basic input parameters, cohesion and friction angle, were determined in the soil mechanics laboratory. By back analyses of a large scale slope failure, mobilized friction angles for a critical weak clay layer under the lignite seam were determined accurately by using the 2D limit equilibrium method and 3D finite difference models. Results of the friction angles were compared in order to check the effectiveness of commonly used 2D approaches in handling the slope problems. Differences in the results of the mobilized friction angles for the weak clay layer were more than 30%. The 3D models indicated that the mobilized friction angle during the major slope failure was substantially lower than the friction angle generated by the 2D limit equilibrium method.
Levent Tutluoglu; Ibrahim Ferid �ge; Celal Karpuz
Modeling shallow?water propagation with an appropriate sea?surface roughness spectrum
Predictions for shallow?water acoustic propagation are usually accomplished assuming a deep?water spectrum for the sea surface roughness. In addition the effect of surface roughness is normally included through a loss mechanism. However for waveguide propagation the surface roughness mainly causes a redistribution of energy and therefore the use of an accurate model to handle roughness is essential to obtaining accurate results. In order to properly model shallow?water surface roughness the parametric spectrum GONO [Sanders and Bruinsma Wave Dynamics and Radio Probing of the Ocean Surface edited by O. M. Phillips and K. Hassemann (Plenum New York 1986) pp. 615�637] has been implemented. This spectrum is appropriate for wind?driven surfaces in waters ranging in depth from 15 to 100 m. To investigate the impact that different spectra has on the propagating field predictions using GONO and Pierson�Moskowitz spectra are compared for different environments and at frequencies typical of active and passive sonars. An acoustic propagationmodel which includes a conformal mapping algorithm to properly handle sea surface roughness [Norton et al. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 97 2173�2180 (1995)] is used to generate the numerical results. [Work supported by ONR.
Guy V. Norton; Jorge C. Novarini
Bringing Alaska North Slope Natural Gas to Market (released in AEO2009)
Reports and Publications (EIA)
At least three alternatives have been proposed over the years for bringing sizable volumes of natural gas from Alaska's remote North Slope to market in the lower 48 states: a pipeline interconnecting with the existing pipeline system in central Alberta, Canada; a gas-to-liquids (GTL) plant on the North Slope; and a large liquefied natural gas (LNG) export facility at Valdez, Alaska. The National Energy Modeling System (NEMS) explicitly models the pipeline and GTL options. The what if LNG option is not modeled in NEMS.
Shallow geologic features of the upper continental slope, northwestern Gulf of Mexico
SHALLOW GEOLCGIC FEATURES OF THE UPPER CONTI~wAL SLOPE, NORTHWESTERN GULF OF MEXICO A Thesis by TOK~ EDWIN TATUM, JR. Submitted to the Graduate ColleSe of Texas A&N University in partial fulfill . ent of the requirement fo= the deenee cf i...%STER F SCIENCE December. 1977 Najoz Subject: 3c ano~phy SHALLOW GEOLOGIC FEATURES OF THE UPPER CONTINENTAL SLOPE, NORTHWESTERN GUIZ OF ?EXICO A Thesis by TOMMY EDWIN TATUM, JR. Approved as to sty'e and content by: (Chairman of Committee Head...
Tatum, Tommy Edwin
Potential causes for slope instabilities of under-consolidated marine sediments
Offshore studies have been completed in the Gulf of Guinea, off West Africa. An area has been selected over the Gabon continental slope. A morpho-sedimentological zonation is made regarding acoustic data and geotechnical characteristics of sampled sediments. An old slide has been considered as a criteria for estimating realistic slope failure conditions. Both drained and undrained formulations tend to prove that fluid escape is the most realistic explanation for slides occurrence. Regional hazard charts also allow them to present unstable zones and build up criteria for structures implantation.
Quemeneur, P.; Tisot, J.P. [ENSG, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy (France). Laboratoire de Geomecanique; Cochonat, P.; Bourillet, J.F.; d`Oultremont, V. [IFREMER, Plouzane (France); Colliat, J.L.; Tofani, R. [Elf Aquitaine Production, Pau (France)
Extraordinarily small Tafel slope for oxide formation reaction on Pt (1�1�1) surface
Oxide formation reaction current density on Pt (1�1�1) was estimated by time-differentiating oxide growth curves during a potential hold as a function of the potential and the coverage with the oxide below 0.35 ML (monolayer). The Tafel slope was 18�24�mV�decade?1 in the condition where the Tafel plot is on a straight line. The reaction mechanism accounting for this small slope was proposed, in which the oxide formation process is assumed as a combination of a fast electron transfer step and a following slow step.
Kensaku Kodama; Ryosuke Jinnouchi; Takahisa Suzuki; Tatsuya Hatanaka; Yu Morimoto
Development of an Integrated Sensor System for Obstacle Detection and Terrain Evaluation for Application to Unmanned Ground
Development of an Integrated Sensor System for Obstacle Detection and Terrain Evaluation into a 2D space. The second obstacle detection sensor was a stereo vision system that was manufactured of the vehicle. Monocular cameras and vision processing algorithms were used as the second sensor system
Florida, University of
Microscope maps the graphene terrain A. E. Curtin, W. G. Cullen, M. S. Fuhrer, (Maryland MRSEC DMR 0520471)
Microscope maps the graphene terrain A. E. Curtin, W. G. Cullen, M. S. Fuhrer, (Maryland MRSEC DMR in the electrical potential on the surface of graphene on silicon carbide, shown here as different colors. KPM identifies single layer graphene (SLG), bilayer graphene (BLG), and two types of interfacial layer (IL1
Shapiro, Benjamin
.0-foot rise between pools was as fast as, or faster than, in the 1:16-slope fishway with a 1.0-foot of water resource development on the Col- umbia River for irrigation, power, arid flood con- trol have
The hillslope-storage Boussinesq model for non-constant bedrock slope
The hillslope-storage Boussinesq model for non-constant bedrock slope A.G.J. Hilbertsa,*, E.E. van hillslope-storage Boussinesq (hsB) model is cast in a generalized formulation enabling the model to handle flow; Boussinesq equation; Richards equation; Kinematic wave equation 1. Introduction Landscape
Loon, E. Emiel van
Evaluation of Development Options for Alaska North Slope Viscous and Heavy Oil
Current estimates of discovered viscous and heavy oil in Alaska�s North Slope are 12 billion barrels of oil-in-place and 12�18 billion barrels of oil-in-place, respectively (see Appendix�1 for conversion to SI un...
Emil D. Attanasi; Philip A. Freeman
A SLIPPERY SLOPE: HOW MUCH GLOBAL WARMING CONSTITUTES "DANGEROUS ANTHROPOGENIC INTERFERENCE on the global warming that can be tolerated without risking dangerous anthropogenic interference with climate. I" mainly as a metaphor for the danger posed by global warming. So I changed "Hell" to "disaster." What
Hansen, James E.
Processes Coupling the Upper and Deep Ocean on the Continental Slope D. Randolph Watts Graduate / modeling) approach requires a combination of expertise from R. Watts, G. Sutyrin, and I. Ginis (who have in a published journal article (Logoutov, Sutyrin and Watts, 2001). These results are being used by Ginis
Effects of Saturation on Slope Stability: Laboratory Experiments Utilizing External Load
...inclination were measured. The maximum sustainable load or failure load, q f, ranged...damage to both human health and real estate properties. The conditions "necessary...fluctuation of pore water pressure in a real slope may give an indication of...
Kai Germer; Juergen Braun
Slope instabilities in Dolomieu crater, Runion Island: From seismic signals to rockfall characteristics
characteristics C. Hibert,1,2 A. Mangeney,1,3 G. Grandjean,2 and N. M. Shapiro1 Received 29 March 2011; revised 23 . Citation: Hibert, C., A. Mangeney, G. Grandjean, and N. M. Shapiro (2011), Slope instabilities in Dolomieu
Shapiro, Nikolai
Cryogenic focal plane flatness measurement with optical zone slope Jerry Edelstein1
Cryogenic focal plane flatness measurement with optical zone slope tracking Jerry Edelstein1 to determine the surface flatness of a cryogenic sensor array developed for the JDEM mission. Large focal such as JDEM, WFIRST, or EUCLID must operate at cryogenic temperatures while maintaining focal plane flatness
California at Berkeley, University of
PHYSICS OF FLUIDS 25, 086604 (2013) Gravity currents shoaling on a slope
water rivers into the saline ocean form surface gravity currents. The study of gravity currents is also spills in the ocean.6 Gravity currents in a channel have been well studied through lockPHYSICS OF FLUIDS 25, 086604 (2013) Gravity currents shoaling on a slope Bruce R. Sutherland,1,2,a
Sutherland, Bruce
Safety First Safety Last Safety Always Three soil types, plus rock, determine the slope or
Safety First Safety Last Safety Always · Three soil types, plus rock, determine the slope or safety to be at least 2 feet from the edge. Excavation Requirements Safety Tip #10 If you see a mistake and don't fix it on the reverse side of this safety tip sheet. Please refrain from reading the information verbatim
Minnesota, University of
ARTICLE IN PRESS Gulf of Guinea continental slope and Congo (Zaire) deep-sea fan
Gabon, Congo and Angola, presents large depocenters where sediments have been accumulating since Early is shifted northward and reaches the CongoGabon boundary on the shelf. Sedimentation on the slope directed long- shore drifts that build extensive sand bars along the Congo and Gabon shoreline. The low
Demouchy, Sylvie
MODELLING SURFACE HOAR FORMATION AND EVOLUTION ON MOUNTAIN SLOPES Simon Horton1
. Weather station data and forecasted data from the GEM15 numerical weather prediction model were used evaluates surface hoar size predictions made with empirical weather based models and discusses how buried and south facing slopes in the Columbia Mountains. Two models were developed to predict crystal size, one
Jamieson, Bruce
The epibenthic megafauna of the northern Gulf of Mexico continental slope
The epibenthic megafauna of the continental slope and abyssal plain of the northern Gulf of Mexico have been investigated using multi-shot bottom photography. A total of 10,388 photographs were analyzed from 100 sites encompassing a total area...
Ziegler, Matthew Peek
A chronostratigraphic framework for the northwestern slope of the gulf of mexico
Sediments from two cores, JPC31 and JPC46, were analyzed to better understand the relationship between climate and sediment deposition on the continental slope of the northwestern Gulf of Mexico. These two cores were selected from a suite of cores...
Elston, Kristen Eileen
Spotlight SAR interferometry for terrain elevation mapping and interferometric change detection
In this report, we employ an approach quite different from any previous work; we show that a new methodology leads to a simpler and clearer understanding of the fundamental principles of SAR interferometry. This methodology also allows implementation of an important collection mode that has not been demonstrated to date. Specifically, we introduce the following six new concepts for the processing of interferometric SAR (INSAR) data: (1) processing using spotlight mode SAR imaging (allowing ultra-high resolution), as opposed to conventional strip-mapping techniques; (2) derivation of the collection geometry constraints required to avoid decorrelation effects in two-pass INSAR; (3) derivation of maximum likelihood estimators for phase difference and the change parameter employed in interferometric change detection (ICD); (4) processing for the two-pass case wherein the platform ground tracks make a large crossing angle; (5) a robust least-squares method for two-dimensional phase unwrapping formulated as a solution to Poisson`s equation, instead of using traditional path-following techniques; and (6) the existence of a simple linear scale factor that relates phase differences between two SAR images to terrain height. We show both theoretical analysis, as well as numerous examples that employ real SAR collections to demonstrate the innovations listed above.
Eichel, P.H.; Ghiglia, D.C.; Jakowatz, C.V. Jr. [and others
Groundwater favorability map using GIS multicriteria data analysis on crystalline terrain, S�o Paulo State, Brazil
Summary This paper presents the groundwater favorability mapping on a fractured terrain in the eastern portion of S�o Paulo State, Brazil. Remote sensing, airborne geophysical data, photogeologic interpretation, geologic and geomorphologic maps and geographic information system (GIS) techniques have been used. The results of cross-tabulation between these maps and well yield data allowed groundwater prospective parameters in a fractured-bedrock aquifer. These prospective parameters are the base for the favorability analysis whose principle is based on the knowledge-driven method. The multicriteria analysis (weighted linear combination) was carried out to give a groundwater favorability map, because the prospective parameters have different weights of importance and different classes of each parameter. The groundwater favorability map was tested by cross-tabulation with new well yield data and spring occurrence. The wells with the highest values of productivity, as well as all the springs occurrence are situated in the excellent and good favorability mapped areas. It shows good coherence between the prospective parameters and the well yield and the importance of GIS techniques for definition of target areas for detail study and wells location.
Vanessa Madrucci; Fabio Taioli; Carlos C�sar de Ara�jo
Laboratory experiments on the generation of internal tidal beams over steep slopes
baroclinic tides, generated by barotropic currents over ocean ridges and seamounts, are an important source decades, it has become apparent that substantial internal tides can be generated by tidal currents over ridges and other rough topography of the ocean floor. This problem is of paramount importance since
Dauxois, Thierry
Automatic determination about precision parameter value based on inclusion degree with variable precision rough set model
Abstract The rough set theory provides a powerful approach for attributes reduction and data analysis. The variable precision rough set (VPRS) model, an extension of the original rough set approach, tolerates misclassifications of the training data to some degree, which promotes the applications of rough set theory in inconsistent information systems. However, in most existing algorithms of feature reduction based on VPRS, the precision parameter (?) is introduced as prior knowledge, which restricts their applications because it is not clear how to set the ? value. By studying ?-consistency in the measurement of a decision table and the threshold value of the ?-consistent decision table, this paper presents an algorithm for automatic determination of the precision parameter value from a decision table based on VPRS. At the same time, the precision parameter value from our proposed method is compared with the thresholds from the decision-theoretic rough set (DTRS). The influences of the precision parameter are also discussed on attribute reduction, which shows the necessity of the estimated precision parameter from a decision table. The simulation results including VPRS and other classification methods in real data further indicate that different precision parameter values make a great difference on rules and setting a precise parameter near the threshold value of the ?-consistent decision table can precisely reflect the decision distribution of the decision table.
Yusheng Cheng; Wenfa Zhan; Xindong Wu; Yuzhou Zhang
A guidebook for insulated low-slope roof systems. IEA Annex 19, Low-slope roof systems: International Energy Agency Energy Conservation in Buildings and Community Systems Programme
Low-slope roof systems are common on commercial and industrial buildings and, to a lesser extent, on residential buildings. Although insulating materials have nearly always been a component of low-slope roofs, the amount of insulation used has increased in the past two decades because of escalation of heating and cooling costs and increased awareness of the need for energy conservation. As the amount of insulation has increased, the demand has intensified for design, installation, and maintenance information specifically for well-insulated roofs. Existing practices for design, installation, and maintenance of insulated roofs have evolved from experience. Typically, these practices feature compromises due to the different properties of materials making up a given roof system. Therefore, they should be examined from time to time to ensure that they are appropriate as new materials continue to enter the market and as the data base on existing systems expands. A primary purpose of this International Energy Agency (IEA) study is to assess current roofing insulation practices in the context of an accumulating data base on performance.
Arellano, Tatum, Stark, Horvath, Leshchinsky 1 Interim Design Guideline for EPS-Block Geofoam in Slope Stabilization and Repair
Arellano, Tatum, Stark, Horvath, Leshchinsky 1 Interim Design Guideline for EPS-Block Geofoam of expanded polystyrene (EPS)-block geofoam3 for slope stabilization and repair based on the National for the use of EPS-block geofoam6 for the function of lightweight fill in slope stability applications
RRDE and Voltammetric Study of ORR on Pyrolyzed Fe/Polyaniline Catalyst. On the Origins of Variable Tafel Slopes
On the Origins of Variable Tafel Slopes ... The Tafel plots for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) exhibit variable slopes ranging from 60 mV dec?1 at the lowest overpotentials to more than 240 mV dec?1 at high overpotentials. ...
Jerzy Chlistunoff
Resonant Generation of Internal Waves on a Model Continental Slope H. P. Zhang, B. King, and Harry L. Swinney
Resonant Generation of Internal Waves on a Model Continental Slope H. P. Zhang, B. King, and Harry wave generation in a laboratory model of oscillating tidal flow on a continental margin. Waves are found to be generated only in a near-critical region where the slope of the bottom topography matches
Texas at Austin. University of
Fluid flow at the interface between elastic solids with randomly rough surfaces
I study fluid flow at the interface between elastic solids with randomly rough surfaces. I use the contact mechanics model of Persson to take into account the elastic interaction between the solid walls and the Bruggeman effective medium theory to account for the influence of the disorder on the fluid flow. I calculate the flow tensor which determines the pressure flow factor and, e.g., the leak-rate of static seals. I show how the perturbation treatment of Tripp can be extended to arbitrary order in the ratio between the root-mean-square roughness amplitude and the average interfacial surface separation. I introduce a matrix D(Zeta), determined by the surface roughness power spectrum, which can be used to describe the anisotropy of the surface at any magnification Zeta. I present results for the asymmetry factor Gamma(Zeta) (generalized Peklenik number) for grinded steel and sandblasted PMMA surfaces.
Validity of the thin mask approximation in extreme ultraviolet mask roughness simulations
In the case of extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography, modeling has shown that reflector phase roughness on the lithographic mask is a significant concern due to the image plan speckle it causes and the resulting line-edge roughness on imaged features. Modeling results have recently been used to determine the requirements for future production worthy masks yielding the extremely stringent specification of 50 pm rms roughness. Owing to the scale of the problem in terms of memory requirements, past modeling results have all been based on the thin mask approximation. EUV masks, however, are inherently three dimensional in nature and thus the question arises as to the validity of the thin mask approximation. Here we directly compare image plane speckle calculation results using the fast two dimensional thin mask model to rigorous finite-difference time-domain results and find the two methods to be comparable.
Naulleau, Patrick; George, Simi
The friction factor of two-dimensional rough-boundary turbulent soap film flows
We use momentum transfer arguments to predict the friction factor $f$ in two-dimensional turbulent soap-film flows with rough boundaries (an analogue of three-dimensional pipe flow) as a function of Reynolds number Re and roughness $r$, considering separately the inverse energy cascade and the forward enstrophy cascade. At intermediate Re, we predict a Blasius-like friction factor scaling of $f\\propto\\textrm{Re}^{-1/2}$ in flows dominated by the enstrophy cascade, distinct from the energy cascade scaling of $\\textrm{Re}^{-1/4}$. For large Re, $f \\sim r$ in the enstrophy-dominated case. We use conformal map techniques to perform direct numerical simulations that are in satisfactory agreement with theory, and exhibit data collapse scaling of roughness-induced criticality, previously shown to arise in the 3D pipe data of Nikuradse.
Nicholas Guttenberg; Nigel Goldenfeld
A decision making model using soft set and rough set on fuzzy approximation spaces
In modern era of computing, there is a need of development in data analysis and decision making. Most of our tools are crisp, deterministic and precise in character. But general real life situations contains uncertainties. To handle such uncertainties many theories are developed such as fuzzy set, rough set, rough set on fuzzy approximation spaces etc. But all these theories have their own limitations. To overcome the limitations, the concept of soft set is introduced. But, soft set also fails if the attributes in the information system are almost identical rather exactly identical. In this paper, we propose a decision making model that consists of two processes such as preprocess and postprocess to mine decisions. In preprocess we use rough set on fuzzy approximation spaces to get the almost equivalence classes whereas in postprocess we use soft set techniques to obtain decisions. The proposed model is tested over an institutional dataset and the results show practical viability of the proposed research.
T.K. Das; D.P. Acharjya
The effect of interface roughness on the induced polarization of V in polycrystalline V/Fe/V trilayers was investigated with x-ray magnetic circular dichroism, x-ray resonant magnetic scattering, and polarized neutron reflectometry. Trilayer samples were sputter deposited onto Si substrates at room temperature to minimize interdiffusion. The films were polycrystalline and exhibited an average 0.5 nm root-mean-square interfacial roughness at the Fe/V interfaces. The induced polarization found in V was constrained to the Fe/V interface extending approximately up to 2-3 monolayers into the V and exhibited antiferromagnetic alignment to the Fe layer. A magnetic moment for V ranging between -0.46 and -0.86 {micro}{sub B}/V atom is consistent with the neutron and resonant x-ray data. Notably, this value for structurally rough interfaces is significantly larger than that reported for samples with atomically flat Fe/V interfaces.
Clavero, C.; Sanchez-Hanke, C.; Skuza, R.; Choi,Y.; Loloee,R.; Zhernenkov, M.; Fitzsimmons, M.R.; Lukaszew, R.A
Interfacial separation between elastic solids with randomly rough surfaces: comparison of experiment with theory
We study the average separation between an elastic solid and a hard solid with a nominal flat but randomly rough surface, as a function of the squeezing pressure. We present experimental results for a silicon rubber (PDMS) block with a flat surface squeezed against an asphalt road surface. The theory shows that an effective repulse pressure act between the surfaces of the form p proportional to exp(-u/u0), where u is the average separation between the surfaces and u0 a constant of order the root-mean-square roughness, in good agreement with the experimental results.
On the Compliance of Simbol-X Mirror Roughness with its Effective Area Requirements
Surface microroughness of X-ray mirrors is a key issue for the angular resolution of Simbol-X to comply with the required one (<20 arcsec at 30 keV). The maximum tolerable microroughness for Simbol-X mirrors, in order to satisfy the required imaging capability, has already been derived in terms of its PSD (Power Spectral Density). However, also the Effective Area of the telescope is affected by the mirror roughness. In this work we will show how the expected effective area of the Simbol-X mirror module can be computed from the roughness PSD tolerance, checking its compliance with the requirements.
Spiga, D.; Basso, S.; Cotroneo, V.; Pareschi, G.; Tagliaferri, G. [INAF/Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera-Via Bianchi 46-23807 Merate (Italy)
Investigation of wall friction in noncircular ducts with a rough liner
phenomena in circular rough ducts and. these test data are discussed. 2. The test data of this research are similar to that shown by Nikuradse for fluid flow in pipes having artifi- cially roughened, inside surfaces. It is doubtful if Golebrook... in the relative roughness of the duct. The curves of Reynolds number versus friction factor are somewhat similar to those plotted by Nikuradse for fluid flow in artificially roughened round pipe. The shape of the curves is quite similar, but there is a...
Tyler, John Charles
Unsupervised feature selection in digital mammogram image using rough set theory
Feature Selection (FS) is a process which attempts to select features which are more informative. In this paper, a novel unsupervised FS in mammogram images, using rough set-based relative dependency measures, is proposed. A typical mammogram image processing system generally consists of mammogram image acquisition, pre-processing of image, segmentation and features extraction from the segmented mammogram image. The proposed unsupervised FS method is used to select features from data sets; the method is compared with existing rough set based supervised FS methods, and the classification performance of both methods are recorded and demonstrate the efficiency of this method.
K. Thangavel; C. Velayutham
Y.Y. Yao, Three-way decisions with probabilistic rough sets, Information Sciences, Vol. 180, No. 3, pp. 341-353, 2010.
model. The results enrich the rough set theory by ideas from Bayesian decision theory and hypothesis of incorrect decisions make the rough set theory practical in applications. Key words: Decision-theoretic roughY.Y. Yao, Three-way decisions with probabilistic rough sets, Information Sciences, Vol. 180, No. 3
Evaluation of Wax Deposition and its Control during Production of Alaska North Slope Oils
Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI)
Oil & Natural Gas Technology Oil & Natural Gas Technology DOE Award No.: DE-FC26-01NT41248 Evaluation of Wax Deposition and Its Control During Production of Alaska North Slope Oils Petroleum Development Laboratory Institute of Northern Engineering University of Alaska Fairbanks P.O. Box 755880 Fairbanks, Alaska 99775-5880 Prepared for: United States Department of Energy National Energy Technology Laboratory December 2008 Office of Fossil Energy Evaluation of Wax Deposition and Its Control During Production of Alaskan North Slope Oils Final Report Reporting Period: October 1, 2005-September 30, 2008 Principal Investigator: Tao Zhu University of Alaska Fairbanks P.O. Box 755880 Fairbanks, AK 99775-5880 email@example.com, 907-474-5141 External Principal Investigator: Jack A. Walker
Infrared Cloud Imager Deployment at the North Slope of Alaska During Early 2002
Infrared Cloud Imager Deployment Infrared Cloud Imager Deployment at the North Slope of Alaska During Early 2002 J. A. Shaw and B. Thurairajah Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Montana State University Bozeman, Montana E. Edqvist National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Environmental Technology Laboratory Boulder, Colorado K. Mizutani Communications Research Laboratory Koganei, Tokyo, Japan Introduction Starting in February 2002, we deployed a new cloud-radiation sensor called the infrared cloud imager (ICI) at the North Slope of Alaska (NSA) site near Barrow, Alaska (71.32 N, 156.62 W). ICI records radiometrically calibrated images of the thermal infrared sky radiance in the 8µm to 14 µm wavelength band, from which spatial cloud statistics and spatially resolved cloud radiance can be determined.
Expansion of Facilities on the North Slope of Alaska in Time for the
Expansion of Facilities on the North Slope of Alaska in Time for the Expansion of Facilities on the North Slope of Alaska in Time for the International Polar Year Zak, Bernard Sandia National Laboratories Ivey, Mark Sandia National Laboratories Zirzow, Jeffrey Sandia National Laboratories Brower, Walter UIC Science Division ARM/NSA Ivanoff, James NSA Whiteman, Doug NSA/AAO Sassen, Kenneth University of Alaska Fairbanks Truffer-Moudra, Dana University of Alaska Fairbanks Category: Infrastructure & Outreach The International Polar Year (IPY; 2007-2008) will stimulate research in both polar regions, primarily focusing on the rapid climate-related changes occurring at high latitudes. In part in preparation for the IPY, facilities at the NSA ACRF are undergoing expansion. In addition, with funding through NOAA, Phase 1 of the planned $60M Barrow Global Climate Change Research
Two- and three-dimensional numerical models of internal tide generation at a continental slope
Some numerical models of internal tide generation at a continental slope are two-dimensional where the along-slope variation is neglected. The energy flux carried by internal tides computed using such two-dimensional models is often underestimated, compared with three-dimensional simulations of the same region, by a factor of 10 or more. The reason for this difference is investigated using both numerical and analytical models. It is shown that in numerical models, it is not the lack of the along-shelf forcing but the use of sponge or radiating conditions at the cross-shelf boundaries that leads to the severe underestimate of the offshore flux. To obtain realistic estimates of energy flux a three-dimensional model with an along-shelf scale of at least 5 internal tide wave lengths at the depth of maximum forcing is necessary.
K. Katsumata
Sensitivity of Low Sloped Roofs Designs to Initial Water and Air Leakage
.Sc. Research Scientist VTT, Espoo, Finland Andre Desjarlais. B.Sc.E Program Manager, Oak Ridge National Laboratory 1 Bethel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge TN, 37831-6070 ABSTRACT Liquid water in low sloped roofs almost always causes problems... roofs in Finland (area varying from 200 m2 up to 5 000 m2). A laboratory hot box apparatus (Kouhia and Nieminen, 1999) was also used to further quantify the performance of the grooved roof ventilation system and to show the thermal consequences...
Karagiozis, A.; Desjarlais, A.; Salonvaara, M.
Slope stability analysis by nite elements D. V. GRIFFITHS and P. A. LANE{
methods, including the in¯uence of a free surface on slope and dam stability. Graphical output is included'une surface libre sur la stabilite�? d'une pente et d'une digue. Nous joignons une repre�?sentation graphique bene®t from a FE treatment and which would not. In general, linear problems such as the predic- tion
Is the friction angle the maximum slope of a free surface of a non cohesive material?
Starting from a symmetric triangular pile with a horizontal basis and rotating the basis in the vertical plane, we have determined the evolution of the stress distribution as a function of the basis inclination using Finite Elements method with an elastic-perfectly plastic constitutive model, defined by its friction angle, without cohesion. It is found that when the yield function is the Drucker-Prager one, stress distribution satisfying equilibrium can be found even when one of the free-surface slopes is larger than the friction angle. This means that piles with a slope larger than the friction angle can be (at least) marginally stable and that slope rotation is not always a destabilising perturbation direction. On the contrary, it is found that the slope cannot overpass the friction angle when a Mohr-Coulomb yield function is used. Theoretical explanation of these facts is given which enlightens the role plaid by the intermediate principal stress in both cases of the Mohr-Coulomb criterion and of the Drucker-Prager one. It is then argued that the Mohr-Coulomb criterion assumes a spontaneous symmetry breaking, as soon as the two smallest principal stresses are different ; this is not physical most likely; so this criterion shall be replaced by a Drucker-Prager criterion in the vicinity of the equality, which leads to the previous anomalous behaviour ; so these numerical computations enlighten the avalanche process: they show that no dynamical angle larger than the static one is needed to understand avalanching. It is in agreement with previous experimental results. Furthermore, these results show that the maximum angle of repose can be modified using cyclic rotations; we propose a procedure that allows to achieve a maximum angle of repose to be equal to the friction angle .
A. Modaressi; P. Evesque
Site effects modelling applied to the slope affected by the Suusamyr earthquake (Kyrgyzstan, 1992)
In 1992, a large magnitude earthquake (Ms�=�7.3) hit the northern part of the Kyrgyz Tien Shan range where it triggered rockslides and many debris slides or flows. One of these mass movements occurred on the Chet�Korumdy ridge located in the Suusamyr Basin. It consists of a multi-rotational debris slump in its upper part that turned into a debris flow in its lower part. Involving arenitic material overlying silty clays, it has a volume of about 0.5 to 1.106�m3, a maximum thickness of 40�m and a run-out of 200�m. The field observations and measurements carried out on this slope suggest that local amplification effects could have contributed to the initiation of the seismic failure. To test this hypothesis in the lack of instrumental evidence of local ground-motion recordings, we conducted a sensitivity study of site effects based on a numerical analysis in the visco-elastic domain with a two-dimensional finite difference code. Varying the topography and the geology of the investigated slope, topographic site effects are found to be less important than geological site effects which are controlled by the contrast of impedance between the surface materials and the bedrock. The geometry of the low-velocity surface layer has also an influence on site effects, which is often difficult to be distinguished from pure topographic effects. Considering all modelling results, we conclude that site amplifications alone cannot have triggered the Suusamyr landslide during the 1992 earthquake. The static slope stability analyses done in previous studies revealed that the Suusamyr failure neither can have a purely static origin. Even if the water table is very high within the arenite layer, only a minor failure develops in the lower part of the slope. Therefore, we believe that the triggering of the Suusamyr landslide is a consequence of pore pressure build up in areas characterized by significant ground-motion amplifications.
C. Bourdeau; H.-B. Havenith
Tafel slopes and corrosion rates obtained in the pre-Tafel region of polarization curves
A short review of previous attempts to determine Tafel slopes and corrosion rates from data obtained in the pre-Tafel region of polarization curves is followed by a description of the approach taken in the POLFIT program. Several examples are given of the application of this program including the use of factorial design experiments to determine the optimum conditions for formation of a chromate-free conversion coating on hot dipped galvanized steel.
Florian Mansfeld
We introduce a method for measuring the slopes of mass profiles within dwarf spheroidal (dSph) galaxies directly from stellar spectroscopic data and without adopting a dark matter halo model. Our method combines two recent results: (1) spherically symmetric, equilibrium Jeans models imply that the product of half-light radius and (squared) stellar velocity dispersion provides an estimate of the mass enclosed within the half-light radius of a dSph stellar component, and (2) some dSphs have chemodynamically distinct stellar subcomponents that independently trace the same gravitational potential. We devise a statistical method that uses measurements of stellar positions, velocities, and spectral indices to distinguish two dSph stellar subcomponents and to estimate their individual half-light radii and velocity dispersions. For a dSph with two detected stellar subcomponents, we obtain estimates of masses enclosed at two discrete points in the same mass profile, immediately defining a slope. Applied to published spectroscopic data, our method distinguishes stellar subcomponents in the Fornax and Sculptor dSphs, for which we measure slopes {Gamma} {identical_to} {Delta}log M/{Delta}log r = 2.61{sup +0.43}{sub -0.37} and {Gamma} = 2.95{sup +0.51}{sub -0.39}, respectively. These values are consistent with 'cores' of constant density within the central few hundred parsecs of each galaxy and rule out 'cuspy' Navarro-Frenk-White (NFW) profiles (dlog M/dlog r {<=} 2 at all radii) with a significance {approx}> 96% and {approx}> 99%, respectively. Tests with synthetic data indicate that our method tends systematically to overestimate the mass of the inner stellar subcomponent to a greater degree than that of the outer stellar subcomponent, and therefore to underestimate the slope {Gamma} (implying that the stated NFW exclusion levels are conservative).
Walker, Matthew G. [Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden St., Cambridge, MA 02138 (United States); Penarrubia, Jorge, E-mail: email@example.com [Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB30HA (United Kingdom)
New Ulm field: an example of Cretaceous shelf-slope instability in east Texas
The New Ulm field in Austin County, Texas, is an example of the structural and stratigraphic complexity above the Cretaceous Edwards shelf margin of east Texas. Deep wells and improved seismic data provide documentation of structural patterns and deepwater facies not previously considered in the Gulf Coast reservoir play modeling. Study of the data implies the Late Cretaceous to Eocene section was deposited along a shelf-slope break. Late Cretaceous, pre-Midway sedimentation was affected by structurally induced slope instability, and consequent gravity faulting and slumping resulted in an irregular sea-floor surface. Paleocene Midway sands were carried onto this surface by storm-generated density currents where the uneven topography caused deposition in constructional channels. Continued deposition of the fluvio-deltaic Wilcox on this surface caused faulting and folding by differential compaction. The folds are minor and the faults small and steep, not like the typical large growth faults of the Gulf Coast. Upper Wilcox sediments were progressively less disturbed as the region stabilized. New Ulm field production includes gas from the Midway Formation and oil and gas from the Wilcox Group. Midway reservoirs are stratigraphic, consisting of fluvio-deltaic sandstones within faulted anticlines. This study adds evidence to data describing shelf-slope geology along the Edwards margin. The setting can be a new type of hydrocarbon play in the Gulf Coast.
Pinero, E.
FRICTION FACTOR IN HIGH PRESSURE NATURAL GAS PIPELINES FROM ROUGHNESS MEASUREMENTS DETERMINATION DU and Technology, Norway ABSTRACT Pressure drop experiments on natural gas flow at 80 to 120 bar pressure and high of natural gas at typical operating pressures (100-180 bar). At such Reynolds numbers the classical Colebrook
Gudmundsson, Jon Steinar
Rough Set Dependency Analysis in Evaluation Studies An Application in the Study of Repeated Heart Attacks
of repeated heart attacks. 1 Introduction In many cases it is not possible to obtain complete or certain analysis can be applied to an investi- gation into the causes of repeated heart attacks con- ductedRough Set Dependency Analysis in Evaluation Studies An Application in the Study of Repeated Heart
Numerical simulation of noise generated by multi asperity contact between rough surfaces
. The validation of the method is then discussed by comparison with the finite element software Abaqus and someNumerical simulation of noise generated by multi asperity contact between rough surfaces V.H. Dang at the interface that convert a part of the kinetic energy of the sliding solid into acoustical energy. 1
Application of an acoustic backscatter technique for characterizing the roughness of porous soil
allow the water from rainfall to pool. Much work has been done to examine the effects of roughness to erosion control of agricultural sur- faces since it impedes water run-off. If a fallow agricultural field on soil erosion.14 For soil conservation use it is important to have the ability to rapidly quantify
Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, University of
Safety First Safety Last Safety Always Roughly one out of every four accidents (25%) involves
Safety First Safety Last Safety Always Roughly one out of every four accidents (25%) involves at an unsafe speed · Failure to check mirrors often Fleet Safety: Backing Accidents Safety Tip #2 Accidents hurt-- safety doesn't. All backing accidents are preventable. The key is to plan ahead to avoid backing
Experimental study on flow and ventilation behaviours over idealised urban roughness
Flows in the urban boundary layer (UBL) are strongly affected by the inhomogeneous roughness elements at the bottom surface. In particular, in the near-ground region (roughness sublayer), the effect of the surface roughness dominates that complicates the behaviours of mean flow and turbulence and subsequently the near-wall transport processes. To safeguard the health of urban inhabitants, it is crucial to develop an in-depth understanding of the correlation among near-wall fluid motions, UBL turbulence and city ventilation. However, rather limited information is available. In this study, physical modelling in a laboratory wind tunnel is employed to measure the profiles of both stream-wise and vertical velocities over an array consisting of idealised two-dimensional (2D) roughness elements. Various arrangements are adopted in attempt to cover different flow regimes to examine city ventilation problems. The ventilation performance is measured by the air exchange rate (ACH). Consistent with our previous large-eddy simulation (LES) results, the current wind tunnel measurements suggest that city ventilation is dominated by the ACH turbulent component, i.e., air masses are mainly driven by atmospheric turbulence (at least 80% of the total ACH).
Yat-Kiu Ho; Chun-Ho Liu
Entropy of English text: Experiments with humans and a machine learning system based on rough sets
different types of text material (Shannon used only a single book). We also show how the results are affected when we replace the human subjects with a machine learning system based on rough sets. Automating the play of the guessing game with this system...
Moradi, H.; Grzymala-Busse, Jerzy W.; Roberts, James A.
Geometrical and transport properties of single fractures: influence of the roughness of the fracture
Geometrical and transport properties of single fractures: influence of the roughness of the fracture walls H. Auradou Univ Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Univ Paris-Sud, CNRS, F-91405. Lab FAST, Bat reviews the main features of the transport properties of single fractures. A particular attention paid
Patch dynamics and stability in steep, rough streams E. M. Yager,1
Patch dynamics and stability in steep, rough streams E. M. Yager,1 W. E. Dietrich,2 J. W. Kirchner boulders and more mobile patches of gravel and cobbles. Little is known about how variability in flow and sediment flux affect the area, thickness, composition, and grain mobility of sediment patches. To better
Kirchner, James W.
Evaluation of bedload transport predictions using flow resistance equations to account for macro-roughness in
August 2011. [1] Steep mountain streams typically feature macro-roughness elements like boulders, step measured annually, and for the other seven streams sediment volume estimates were available for large flood during floods is a frequent natural haz- ard. Using data from the Swiss flood and landslide damage
Atmospheric Momentum Roughness Applied to Stage-Discharge Relationships in Flood Plains
Weisbach formula is modified to account for vegetative resistance by application of surface roughness lengths appropriate friction factors. Schlicting 1955 reviews the relationship between the Ni- kuradsse's equivalent 1996 developed and calibrated procedures to estimate flow resistance based on the Colebrook
Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720 Finding transition pathways: throwing ropes over rough
rugged line indicates the roughness that generally characterizes the potential energy surface of a high pass between the stable states, the resulting transmission coefficient would be very small, and its a plateau value that is very small compared to , so small that the computation is a nearly impractical route
Chandler, David
Role of Topography in Forcing Low-Level Jets in the Central United States during the 1993 Flood-Altered Terrain Simulations
Regional model sensitivity simulations in which the height of elevated terrain was reduced to explore simulated changes in features of the low-level jet (LLJ) are presented. Such an approach has not been reported, and it provides complementary ...
Zaitao Pan; Moti Segal; Raymond W. Arritt
Improving an Accuracy of ANN-Based Mesoscale-Microscale Coupling Model by Data Categorization: With Application to Wind Forecast for Offshore and Complex Terrain Onshore Wind Farms
The ANN-based mesoscale-microscale coupling model forecasts wind speed and wind direction with high accuracy for wind parks located in complex terrain onshore, yet some weather regimes remains unresolved and f...
Alla Sapronova; Catherine Meissner�
Estimation of the aerodynamic roughness length in arid and semi-arid regions over the globe with the ERS scatterometer
Estimation of the aerodynamic roughness length in arid and semi-arid regions over the globe 2005. [1] Estimates of the aerodynamic roughness lengths z0 in arid and semi-arid regions: Prigent, C., I. Tegen, F. Aires, B. Marticorena, and M. Zribi (2005), Estimation of the aerodynamic
Aires, Filipe
Soft X-ray reflectometry applied to the evaluation of surface roughness variation during the deposition of thin films
1645 Soft X-ray reflectometry applied to the evaluation of surface roughness variation during). The surface roughness evolution was calculated as a function of thickness from the soft X-ray reflectance Abstracts 07.60H - 68.20 - 68.55 - 78.65 Introduction. Soft X-ray reflectometry (SXR) was introduced
X-ray resonant magnetic scattering from structurally and magnetically rough interfaces in multilayered systems. I. Specular reflectivity
X-ray resonant magnetic scattering from structurally and magnetically rough interfaces formulation of x-ray resonant magnetic scattering from rough surfaces and interfaces is given for specular/Fe multilayer. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.68.224409 PACS number s : 75.70.Cn, 61.10.Kw I. INTRODUCTION X-ray
Calculating the wave runup on a low-sloping beach using a high-order Boussinesq model
The runup of long gravity waves on the surface of a low-sloping beach has been studied within the framework of a shallow-water approximation. An analytical solution for the free liquid surface elevation is obtain...
M. A. Shermeneva; I. V. Shugan
Vegetation patterns of Pine Canyon, Big Bend National Park, Texas, in relation to elevation and slope aspect
and richness, and stem density are also analyzed. Communities encountered on the south-facing slope, from low to high elevation, are: Chihuahuan Desert shrubland, sotol grassland, open oak shrubland, mixed shrubland, and oak-pinyon-juniper woodland. Communities...
Harris, Bryan Joseph
A weighted bee colony optimisation hybrid with rough set reduct algorithm for feature selection in the medical domain
Feature selection refers to the problem of selecting the set of most relevant features which produces the most predictive outcome. Rough set theory has been one of the most successful methods used for feature selection. However, this method is still not able to find the optimal subsets. This paper proposes a new feature selection method based on rough set theory hybrid with a weighted bee colony optimisation (WBCO) in an attempt to combat this. This proposed work is applied in the medical domain to find the minimal reducts and experimentally compared with the existing rough set methods, rough set methods with computational intelligence and non-rough set methods. The performance is analysed with a novel genetic algorithm-based k-nearest neighbour (GkNN) classifier. The experiments and results show that our proposed method could find optimum reducts than the other algorithms.
N. Suguna; K. Thanushkodi
Slump dominated upper slope reservoir facies, Intra Qua Iboe (Pliocene), Edop Field, offshore Nigeria
An integration of sedimentologic and 3D seismic data provides a basis for unraveling complex depositional processes and sand distribution of the Intra Qua Iboe (IQI) reservoir (Pliocene), Edop Field, offshore Nigeria. Nearly 3,000 feet of conventional core was examined in interpreting slump/slide/debris flow, bottom current, turbidity current, pelagic/hemipelagic, wave and tide dominated facies. The IQI was deposited on an upper slope in close proximity to the shelf edge. Through time, as the shelf edge migrated seaward, deposition began with a turbidite channel dominated slope system (IQI 1 and 2) and progressed through a slump/debris flow dominated slope system (IQI 3, the principal reservoir) to a tide and wave dominated, collapsed shelf-edge deltaic system (IQI 4). Using seismic time slices and corresponding depositional facies in the core, a sandy {open_quotes}fairway{open_quotes} has been delineated in the IQI 3. Because of differences in stacking patterns of sandy and muddy slump intervals, seismic facies show: (1) both sheet-like and mounded external forms (geometries), and (2) parallel/continuous as well as chaotic/hummocky internal reflections. In wireline logs, slump facies exhibits blocky, coarsening-up, fining-up, and serrated motifs. In the absence of conventional core, slump facies may be misinterpreted and even miscorrelated because seismic facies and log motifs of slumps and debris flows tend to mimic properties of turbidite fan deposits. The slump dominated reservoir facies is composed of unconsolidated fine-grained sand. Thickness of individual units varies from 1 to 34 feet, but amalgamated intervals reach a thickness of up to 70 feet and apparently form connected sand bodies. Porosity commonly ranges from 20 to 35%. Horizontal permeability commonly ranges from 1,000 to 3,000 md.
Shanmugam, G. [Mobil Research and Development Corp., Dallas, TX (United States); Hermance, W.E.; Olaifa, J.O. [Mobil Producing Nigeria, Lagos (Nigeria)
Cooling slope casting to produce EN AW 6082 forging stock for manufacture of suspension components
Abstract The potential of cooling slope casting process to produce EN AW 6082 forging stock for the manufacture of EN AW 6082 suspension components was investigated. EN AW 6082 billets cast over a cooling plate offer a fine uniform structure that can be forged even without a separate homogenization treatment. This is made it possible by the limited superheat of the melt at the start of casting and the fractional solidification that occurs already on the cooling plate. Suspension parts forged from cast and homogenized billets with or without Cr all showed a uniform structure, and the hardness reached HV 110 after the standard artificial ageing treatment.
Yucel BIROL; Seracettin AKDI
Coal quality and estimated coal resources in the proposed Colville Mining District, central North Slope, Alaska
The proposed Colville Mining District (CMD) encompasses 27,340 mi{sup 2} (70,800 km{sup 2}) in the central part of the North Slope. Known coal deposits within the proposed district range from Mississippian to Tertiary in age. Available information indicates that neither Mississippian and Tertiary coals in the CMD constitute a significant resource because they are excessively deep, thin, or high in ash content; however, considerable amount of low-sulfur Cretaceous coal is present. The paper briefly describes the geology and quality of these coal reserves. Difficult conditions will restrict mining of these coals in the near future.
Stricker, G.D. [Geological Survey, Denver, CO (United States); Clough, J.G. [Alaska Department of Natural Resources, Fairbanks, AK (United States). Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys
The Alaskan North Slope is one of the largest hydrocarbon reserves in the US where Gas-to-Liquids (GTL) technology can be successfully implemented. The proven and recoverable reserves of conventional natural gas in the developed and undeveloped fields in the Alaskan North Slope (ANS) are estimated to be 38 trillion standard cubic feet (TCF) and estimates of additional undiscovered gas reserves in the Arctic field range from 64 TCF to 142 TCF. Transportation of the natural gas from the remote ANS is the key issue in effective utilization of this valuable and abundance resource. The throughput of oil through the Trans Alaska Pipeline System (TAPS) has been on decline and is expected to continue to decline in future. It is projected that by the year 2015, ANS crude oil production will decline to such a level that there will be a critical need for pumping additional liquid from GTL process to provide an adequate volume for economic operation of TAPS. The pumping of GTL products through TAPS will significantly increase its economic life. Transporting GTL products from the North Slope of Alaska down to the Marine terminal at Valdez is no doubt the great challenge facing the Gas to Liquids options of utilizing the abundant natural gas resource of the North Slope. The primary purpose of this study was to evaluate and assess the economic feasibility of transporting GTL products through the TAPS. Material testing program for GTL and GTL/Crude oil blends was designed and implemented for measurement of physical properties of GTL products. The measurement and evaluation of the properties of these materials were necessary so as to access the feasibility of transporting such materials through TAPS under cold arctic conditions. Results of the tests indicated a trend of increasing yield strength with increasing wax content. GTL samples exhibited high gel strengths at temperatures as high as 20 F, which makes it difficult for cold restart following winter shutdowns. Simplified analytical models were developed to study the flow of GTL and GTL/crude oil blends through TAPS in both commingled and batch flow models. The economics of GTL transportations by either commingled or batching mode were evaluated. The choice of mode of transportation of GTL products through TAPS would depend on the expected purity of the product and a trade-off between loss in product value due to contamination and cost of keeping the product pure at the discharge terminal.
Godwin A. Chukwu, Ph.D., P.E.
Interfacial Friction in Gas-Liquid Annular Flow: Analogies to Full and Transition Roughness
New film thickness and pressure gradient data were obtained in a 5.08 by 101.6 mm duct for nitrogen and water in annular flow. Pressures of 3.4 and 17 atm and temperatures of 38 and 93 C were used to vary the gas density and liquid viscosity. These data are used to compute interfacial shear stresses and interfacial friction factors for comparison with several accepted literature correlations. These comparisons are reasonable for small values of the relative film thickness. However, the new data cover conditions not approached by the data used to construct those correlations. By combining the current data with the results of two other comprehensive modern experimental studies, a new correlation for the interfacial friction factor has been developed. This correlation adds elements of transition roughness to Wallis' fully-rough analogy to better predict interfacial friction factors over a wide range of gas Reynolds numbers and liquid film thicknesses.
Bauer, R.C.; Beus, S.G.; Fore, L.B.
Partial order relation for approximation operators in covering based rough sets
Abstract Covering based rough sets are a generalization of classical rough sets, in which the traditional partition of the universe induced by an equivalence relation is replaced by a covering. Many definitions have been proposed for the lower and upper approximations within this setting. In this paper, we recall the most important ones and organize them into sixteen dual pairs. Then, to provide more insight into their structure, we investigate order relationships that hold among the approximation operators. In particular, we study a point-wise partial order for lower (resp., upper) approximation operators, that can be used to compare their respective approximation fineness. We establish the Hasse diagram for the partial order, showing the relationship between any pair of lower (resp., upper) operators, and identifying its minimal and maximal elements.
Mauricio Restrepo; Chris Cornelis; Jonatan G�mez
A rough set-based corporate memory for the case of ecotourism
Abstract Corporate memory (CM) is a major asset of any modern organization and provides access to the strategic knowledge and experience making a company more competitive. Until now, CM has not been broadly applied to tourisms, where changes are rapid, both in the nature of eco-tourist behavior and impact on the environment. In order to develop sustainable ecotourism, agile decision-making based on rules induced from data is required. However, ecotourism often provides numerous qualitative data. The qualitative nature of the data makes it difficult to analyze using standard statistical techniques. The rough set approach is suitable for processing qualitative information. In this paper, the proposed CM is incorporated within the rough set in the tourism sector, to provide efficient knowledge management for resolving the problems: (1) to understand the purposes for traveling of tourists and their feedback, and (2) to improve a travel package for attracting valued eco-tourists and reducing environmental damage.
Chun-Che Huang; Wen-Yau Liang; Tzu-Liang (Bill) Tseng; Ruo-Yin Wong
An intelligent knowledge mining model for kidney cancer using rough set theory
Medical diagnosis processes vary in the degree to which they attempt to deal with different complicating aspects of diagnosis such as relative importance of symptoms, varied symptom pattern and the relation between diseases themselves. Rough set approach has two major advantages over the other methods. First, it can handle different types of data such as categorical, numerical etc. Secondly, it does not make any assumption like probability distribution function in stochastic modeling or membership grade function in fuzzy set theory. It involves pattern recognition through logical computational rules rather than approximating them through smooth mathematical functional forms. In this paper we use rough set theory as a data mining tool to derive useful patterns and rules for kidney cancer faulty diagnosis. In particular, the historical data of twenty five research hospitals and medical college is used for validation and the results show the practical viability of the proposed approach.
M.A. Saleem Durai; D.P. Acharjya; A. Kannan; N.Ch. Sriman Narayana Iyengar
Electrochemical machining process for forming surface roughness elements on a gas turbine shroud
The back side recessed cooling surface of a shroud defining in part the hot gas path of a turbine is electrochemically machined to provide surface roughness elements and spaces therebetween to increase the heat transfer coefficient. To accomplish this, an electrode with insulating dielectric portions and non-insulating portions is disposed in opposition to the cooling surface. By passing an electrolyte between the cooling surface and electrode and applying an electrical current between the electrode and a shroud, roughness elements and spaces therebetween are formed in the cooling surface in opposition to the insulating and non-insulating portions of the electrode, hence increasing the surface area and heat transfer coefficient of the shroud.
Lee, Ching-Pang (Cincinnati, OH); Johnson, Robert Alan (Simpsonville, SC); Wei, Bin (Mechanicville, NY); Wang, Hsin-Pang (Rexford, NY)
Roughing It: A Mantellid Poison Frog Shows Greater Alkaloid Diversity in Some Disturbed Habitats
Roughing It: A Mantellid Poison Frog Shows Greater Alkaloid Diversity in Some Disturbed Habitats# ... The alkaloids in mantellids are typically of a molecular weight less than 400 amu and are mainly of the �izidine� classes, e.g., pyrrolizidines, indolizidines, and quinolizidines, the latter two sometimes elaborated with complex side-chains as in the pumiliotoxin and homopumiliotoxin classes, respectively (Figure 1). ... Representative alkaloid structures of each class observed in the current study. ...
Nirina R. Andriamaharavo; H. Martin Garraffo; Ralph A. Saporito; John W. Daly; Christian R. Razafindrabe; Marta Andriantsiferana; Thomas F. Spande
Global Distribution of Ice Cloud Particle Shape and Roughness from PARASOL Satellite Measurements
reflected back to space by a factor of two (Baran 2012; Ulanowski et al. 2006). Particle shape can also have a large impact on the radiative properties and can influence the cloud radiative forcing. To reduce these uncertainties and deliver more accurate... rosettes, plates, and columns. Surface roughness has been observed in laboratory measurements of ice and in field campaigns (Baran et al. 2011; Ulanowski et al. 2006). Thermodynamic conditions influence whether an ice particle is roughened and how...
Cole, Benjamin
Dominance-based rough set approach and analytic network process for assessing urban transformation scenarios
The paper shows the contribution that two different multiple criteria decision aiding (MCDA) methods could provide in the field of strategic decisions and urban and territorial planning. In particular, the analytic network process and the dominance-based rough set approach have been considered and discussed in the work with reference to their role in supporting such decision-making processes, trying to compare the different contributions given by the two approaches in this specific domain of application.
Francesca Abastante; Marta Bottero; Salvatore Greco; Isabella M. Lami
The Three-Dimensional Morphology of Stylolites: Roughness Analysis and Possible Genetic Implications
Stylolites are dynamic roughly planar surfaces formed by pressure solution of blocks of rocks into each other. The three-dimensional geometry of 12 bedding-parallel stylolites in several limestones was measured using laser and mechanical profilometers, and statistical characteristics of the surfaces were calculated. All the stylolites analyzed turn out to have self-affine fractal roughness with a well-characterized crossover length scale separating two self-affine regimes. Strikingly, this characteristic length scale falls within a very narrow range for all the stylolites studied, regardless of the microstructure sizes. To explain the data, we propose a continuous phenomenological model that accounts for the development of the measured roughness from an initially flat surface. The model postulates that the complex interface morphology is the result of competition between the long-range elastic redistribution of local stress fluctuations, which roughen the surface, and surface tension forces along the interface, which smooth it. The model accounts for the geometrical variability of stylolite surfaces and predicts the dependence of the crossover length scale on the mechanical properties of the rock.
Francois Renard; Jean Schmittbuhl; Jean-Pierre Gratier; Paul Meakin; Enrique Merino
Energy production rates in fluid mixtures of inelastic rough hard spheres
The aim of this work is to explore the combined effect of polydispersity and roughness on the partial energy production rates and on the total cooling rate of a granular fluid mixture. We consider a mixture of inelastic rough hard spheres of different number densities, masses, diameters, moments of inertia, and mutual coefficients of normal and tangential restitution. Starting from the first equation of the BBGKY hierarchy, the collisional energy production rates associated with the translational and rotational temperatures ($T_i^\\text{tr}$ and $T_i^\\text{rot}$) are expressed in terms of two-body average values. Next, those average values are estimated by assuming a velocity distribution function based on maximum-entropy arguments, allowing us to express the energy production rates and the total cooling rate in terms of the partial temperatures and the parameters of the mixture. Finally, the results are applied to the homogeneous cooling state of a binary mixture and the influence of inelasticity and roughness on the temperature ratios $T_1^\\text{tr}/T_1^\\text{rot}$, $T_2^\\text{tr}/T_1^\\text{tr}$, and $T_2^\\text{rot}/T_1^\\text{rot}$ is analyzed.
Andr�s Santos; Gilberto M. Kremer; Vicente Garz�
NETL: News Release - Newly Installed Alaska North Slope Well Will Test
18, 2011 18, 2011 Newly Installed Alaska North Slope Well Will Test Innovative Hydrate Production Technologies Project Goals Include Injecting and Storing CO2 While Producing Methane Gas from Hydrate Washington, D.C. - A fully instrumented well that will test innovative technologies for producing methane gas from hydrate deposits has been safely installed on the North Slope of Alaska. As a result, the "Iġnik Sikumi" (Iñupiaq for "fire in the ice") gas hydrate field trial well will be available for field experiments as early as winter 2011-12. The well, the result of a partnership between ConocoPhillips and the Office of Fossil Energy's (FE) National Energy Technology Laboratory, will test a technology that involves injecting carbon dioxide (CO2) into sandstone reservoirs containing methane hydrate. Laboratory studies indicate that the CO2 molecules will replace the methane molecules within the solid hydrate lattice, resulting in the simultaneous sequestration of CO2 in a solid hydrate structure and production of methane gas.
Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Data from the North Slope Alaska (NSA) Site
DOE Data Explorer [Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI)]
The Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Program is the largest global change research program supported by the U.S. Department of Energy. The primary goal of the ARM Program is to improve the treatment of cloud and radiation physics in global climate models in order to improve the climate simulation capabilities of these models. To achieve this goal, ARM scientists and researchers around the world use continuous data obtained through the ARM Climate Research Facility. ARM maintains four major, permanent sites for data collection and deploys the ARM Mobile Facility to other sites as determined. The North Slope of Alaska (NSA) site is a permanent site providing data about cloud and radiative processes at high latitudes. These data are being used to refine models and parameterizations as they relate to the Arctic. Centered at Barrow and extending to the south (to the vicinity of Atqasuk), west (to the vicinity of Wainwright), and east (towards Oliktok), the NSA site has become a focal point for atmospheric and ecological research activity on the North Slope. Approximately 300,000 NSA data sets from 1993 to the present reside in the ARM Archive at http://www.archive.arm.gov/. Users will need to register for a password, but all files are then free for viewing or downloading. The ARM Archive physically resides at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory.
The Alaskan North Slope (ANS) is one of the largest hydrocarbon reserves in the United States where Gas-to-Liquids (GTL) technology can be successfully implemented. The proven and recoverable reserves of conventional natural gas in the developed and undeveloped fields in the Alaskan North Slope (ANS) are estimated to be 38 trillion standard cubic feet (TCF) and estimates of additional undiscovered gas reserves in the Arctic field range from 64 TCF to 142 TCF. Because the domestic gas market in the continental United States is located thousands of miles from the ANS, transportation of the natural gas from the remote ANS to the market is the key issue in effective utilization of this valuable and abundant resource. The focus of this project is to study the operational challenges involved in transporting the gas in converted liquid (GTL) form through the existing Trans Alaska Pipeline System (TAPS). A three-year, comprehensive research program was undertaken by the Petroleum Development Laboratory, University of Alaska Fairbanks, under cooperative agreement No. DE-FC26-98FT40016 to study the feasibility of transporting GTL products through TAPS. Cold restart of TAPS following an extended winter shutdown and solids deposition in the pipeline were identified as the main transportation issues in moving GTL products through the pipeline. The scope of work in the current project (Cooperative Agreement No. DE-FC26-01NT41248) included preparation of fluid samples for the experiments to be conducted to augment the comprehensive research program.
Godwin Chukwu
Dopant atom clustering and charge screening induced roughness of electronic interfaces in GaAs p-n multilayers
The roughness of the electronic interfaces of p-n GaAs multilayers is investigated by cross-sectional scanning tunneling microscopy. Two physically different contributions to the roughness are found, both much larger than the underlying atomically sharp �metallurgical� interface. The roughness arises from the individual electrostatic screening fields around each dopant atom near the interface and from a clustering of dopant atoms. The latter leads to charge-carrier-depleted zones extending locally through the entire nominally homogeneously doped layer for layer thicknesses close to the cluster dimension, hence limiting the precision of the spatial and energetic positioning of the Fermi energy in nanoscale semiconductor structures.
N. D. J�ger, K. Urban, E. R. Weber, and Ph. Ebert
Yao, Y.Y., Decision-theoretic Rough Set Models (DTRSM) Computer Science (Ji Suan Ji Ke Xue), Vol. 35, No. 8A, pp. 7-8, 2008.
Yao, Y.Y., Decision-theoretic Rough Set Models (DTRSM) Computer Science (Ji Suan Ji Ke Xue), Vol. 35, No. 8A, pp. 7-8, 2008. Decision-Theoretic Rough Set Models (DTRSM) Yiyu (Y.Y.) Yao Department://www.cs.uregina.ca/~yyao The standard rough sets model is a qualitative model that defines three regions for approximating a subset
44 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRONICS PACKAGING MANUFACTURING, VOL. 24, NO. 1, JANUARY 2001 Rough Set Theory: A Data Mining Tool for
44 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRONICS PACKAGING MANUFACTURING, VOL. 24, NO. 1, JANUARY 2001 Rough Set of new knowledge, and autonomous decision- making. In this paper, the basic concepts of rough set theory and other aspects of data mining are introduced. The rough set theory offers a viable approach
Kusiak, Andrew
Influences of Sea Surface Temperature Gradients and Surface Roughness Changes on the Motion of Surface Oil: A Simple Idealized Study
The authors' modeling shows that changes in sea surface temperature (SST) gradients and surface roughness between oil-free water and oil slicks influence the motion of the slick. Physically significant changes occur in surface wind speed, surface ...
Yangxing Zheng; Mark A. Bourassa; Paul Hughes
Developing a Knowledge-Based System Using Rough Set Theory and Genetic Algorithms for Substation Fault Diagnosis
This chapter proposes a novel and hybrid approach using Rough Set Theory and a Genetic Algorithm (RS-GA) indexrough hybrid to extract knowledge from a set of events captured by (microprocessor based) protection, ...
Ching Lai Hor; Peter Crossley; Simon Watson�
A New Multi-Gaussian Auto-Correlation Function for the Modeling of Realistic Shot Peened Random Rough Surfaces
Shot peening is the primary surface treatment used to create a uniform, consistent, and reliable sub-surface compressive residual stress layer in aero engine components. A by-product of the shot peening process is random surface roughness that can affect the measurements of the resulting residual stresses and therefore impede their NDE assessment. High frequency eddy current conductivity measurements have the potential to assess these residual stresses in Ni-base super alloys. However, the effect of random surface roughness is expected to become significant in the desired measurement frequency range of 10 to 100 MHz. In this paper, a new Multi-Gaussian (MG) auto-correlation function is proposed for modeling the resulting pseudo-random rough profiles. Its use in the calculation of the Apparent Eddy Current Conductivity (AECC) loss due to surface roughness is demonstrated. The numerical results presented need to be validated with experimental measurements.
Hassan, W. [Honeywell Aerospace, 111 S. 34th Street, M/S 503-118 Phoenix, AZ 85034 (United States); Blodgett, M. [Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL/MLLP), 2230 10th Street, Suite 1, Dayton, OH 45433 (United States)
Porosity enhancement from chert dissolution beneath Neocomian unconformity: Ivishak Formation, North Slope, Alaska
Secondary porosity caused by chert dissolution is common in the hydrocarbon-producing fluvial facies of the Ivishak Formation (Triassic), North Slope, Alaska. Petrographic observations suggest that macroporosity caused by chert dissolution tends to increase toward the Neocomian unconformity. In the Prudhoe Bay field, a lateral increase in core porosity (from 15% at about 30 km from the unconformity to 30% near the unconformity) and in permeability (from 50 md at about 30 km from the unconformity to 800 md near the unconformity) is evident toward the unconformity. This increase occurs within the fluvial facies (zone 4) of nearly uniform grain size and framework composition (chert litharenite). Major chert dissolution probably took place during the Neocomian uplift when the Ivishak Formation was exposed to acidic meteoric waters in the near-surface environment. 16 figures, 3 tables.
Shanmugam, G.; Higgins, J.B.
Carbon credits earned from a double slope active solar still under forced circulation mode
Human life on land is vitally dependent on fresh water along with food and air. Many areas in the world do not have access to fresh water. Growing demands of freshwater resources are creating an urgent need to develop self sustained system to meet the demand. At present, many distillation methods are available like reverse osmosis, thin film distillation multi-effect fresh evaporation but they are energy intensive or contribute to environmental degradation. Distillation is one technique used for treating available brackish water into fresh water. However, solar energy can be used as an alternative source of energy for water distillation. In this paper, carbon dioxide emission, mitigation and carbon credit earned from a double slope active solar still under forced circulation mode has been carried out. It has been observed that carbon dioxide emission and carbon credit earned over the life time of 15 years are 2.55 tons and ?220 respectively.
A.K. Sethi; Vijay Kumar Dwivedi
Physical and Chemical Implications of Mid-Winter Pumping of Trunda Lakes - North Slope, Alaska
Tundra lakes on the North Slope, Alaska, are an important resource for energy development and petroleum field operations. A majority of exploration activities, pipeline maintenance, and restoration activities take place on winter ice roads that depend on water availability at key times of the winter operating season. These same lakes provide important fisheries and ecosystem functions. In particular, overwintering habitat for fish is one important management concern. This study focused on the evaluation of winter water use in the current field operating areas to provide a better understanding of the current water use practices. It found that under the current water use practices, there were no measurable negative effects of winter pumping on the lakes studied and current water use management practices were appropriately conservative. The study did find many areas where improvements in the understanding of tundra lake hydrology and water usage would benefit industry, management agencies, and the protection of fisheries and ecosystems.
Hinzman, Larry D. (University of Alaska Fairbanks, Water and Environmental Research Center); Lilly, Michael R. (Geo-Watersheds Scientific); Kane, Douglas L. (University of Alaska Fairbanks, Water and Environmental Research Center); Miller, D. Dan (University of Alaska Fairbanks, Water and Environmental Research Center); Galloway, Braden K. (University of Alaska Fairbanks, Water and Environmental Research Center); Hilton, Kristie M. (Geo-Watersheds Scientific); White, Daniel M. (University of Alaska Fairbanks, Water and Environmental Research Center)
Determination of Tafel slopes from coulostatically induced transients using an integral algorithm
The analysis of coulostatically induced transients (CITs) has been used as a tool to evaluate the corrosion rate of metallic materials, and a new algorithm has been developed to calculate the Tafel slopes (ba and bc). This new algorithm is based on the coulostatic strong polarization integration (CSPI) method. Experimental results for carbon steels exposed to 0.5�M H2SO and 1�M \\{HCl\\} show excellent agreement between the proposed method and the Tafel line extrapolation method with IR drop correction. Furthermore, the calculated average corrosion currents over 8�h tests are in good agreement with solution analysis data from atomic absorption spectroscopy. The improved CSPI algorithm shows superior performance over the differential algorithm and the conventional algorithm due to its simplicity and higher signal/noise ratio.
Yong-Tao Zhao; Xing-Peng Guo; Hai-Hong Li; Ze-Hua Dong
C sup 13 depleted authigenic carbonate buildups from hydrocarbon seeps, Louisiana Continental Slope
Geohazard and geochemical survey data consisting of high-resolution profiles, side-scan sonographs, drop cores, dredge samples, and borings have substantiated the consistent association between carbonate buildups and hydrocarbon seeps on the Louisiana continental slope. Analyses of lithified bottom samples indicate a range of carbonate mineralogies including aragonite, Mg-calcite, and dolomite that are extremely depleted in the C{sup 13} isotope ({delta}C{sup 13} values to {minus} 48 {per thousand} PDB). Microbial oxidation of methane (biogenic and thermogenic) and crude oil creates a source of pore-water CO{sub 2} containing isotopically light carbon which triggers carbonate precipitation. Geophysical and geochemical evidence suggests that both surface and subsurface lithification is taking place. Recent observations and samples collected using a Pisces class research submersible confirm the abundance of C{sup 13} depleted sedimentary carbonates and massive authigenic buildups associated with the tops and flanks of shallow salt diapirs and gas hydrate hills.
Roberts, H.H.; Sassen, R.; Carney, R.; Aharon, P. (Louisiana State Univ., Baton Rouge (USA))