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August 16, 2014, 03:17 PM | #51 |
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Join Date: August 14, 1999
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Posts: 308
I agree Gyvel. Give it time though, I am sure they will eventually spin it in their direction. The times are a changing.
"Freedom is never more than one generation away from extinction. We didn't pass it to our children in the bloodstream. It must be fought for, protected, and passed on ... or we will spend our sunset years telling our children's children what it was like in the United States when men were free." ~ Ronald Reagan |
August 16, 2014, 08:42 PM | #52 |
Join Date: November 22, 2009
Location: Ohio
Posts: 83
Correct me if I am wrong but isn't assaulting a police officer and going for his gun both felonies?
August 16, 2014, 09:09 PM | #53 | |
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2) Even so, that's one person's story. The investigation isn't completed. 3) Even so, once you put your hands up and surrender, it ends. Even in war, shooting surrendering troops is generally a war crime. 3a) Yes, that's another story. The investigation isn't completed. It's still FAR too early for anybody to draw any conclusions about justified vs. murder. Whether civilian, police, or military, once the threat is over due to surrender, the shooting should stop... any one of us would be thrown in jail if we kept shooting at that point. I'm eager to see what the conclusion of the investigation is regarding that. |
August 16, 2014, 09:25 PM | #54 |
Join Date: November 22, 2009
Location: Ohio
Posts: 83
Let me ask another question. Assuming Brown did not put his hands up and was fleeing the LEO after he attacked him is that justification for shooting the suspect?
August 16, 2014, 09:47 PM | #55 |
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"Watching from the UK, I am surprised at the use of tear gas its a indiscriminate weapon. They have had riots here that make the disorder in Ferguson, look like a stroll in the park. But I can't remember tear gas being used."
We don't get riots very often, here, and have had none in St. Louis, historically (I think that's right). So the local authorities are both unused to dealing with this new type of problem, and are overreacting because they assume such drastic unrest is due to some sort of new and uncontrollable animosity. I doubt the latter is the case, but it'd be hard to convince anyone involved of that. TCB
"I don't believe that the men of the distant past were any wiser than we are today. But it does seem that their science and technology were able to accomplish much grander things." -- Alex Rosewater |
August 16, 2014, 11:41 PM | #56 | |
Join Date: February 3, 2005
Posts: 99
And here's another article about this.
According to the article, Quote:
More here: http://jpfo.org/articles-assd04/wolf...tarization.htm Cnon Last edited by Cnon; August 16, 2014 at 11:52 PM. |
August 17, 2014, 06:46 AM | #57 |
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Location: Pennsylvania
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Who says he was surrendering? The accomplice to the robbery and friend of the dead guy? Other people? In a community with an obvious police bias? The officer was beaten. A shot was fired inside the car so the perp was in it. At BEST we have a cop suffering from head trauma and with his ears ringing off the hook from that enclosed shot, stumbling out disoriented. The felon who assaulted him is still there. Even IF he was surrendering ( and I don't believe he was) the officer had 2 seconds to determine that. All he knew was the guy who just tried to kill him is 30 feet from him. If the cop was such an executioner, why didn't he shoot the friend too?
As for the militarization, I'm fine with it. These rioters are shooting and throwing Molotov cocktails. Should we go back to 6 rounds in a revolver and 12 more in belt loops. And as for the reporters working this riot who are arrested or otherwise mistreated by police, I say tough. I've worked more the a few riots. Reporters get right into the thick of it. Have to to get the best story. Riots are confusing places. And they love it anyway. Makes for a better story. One reporter who I have never seen or read anything from had a story in today's Daily News. Had her picture in it and everything. Told a fabulous story of being stopped at gunpoint AFTER curfew. Cop pointed a rifle at her and put her on the pavement and cuffed her. She told him she was with the press and he asked for her press pass, which by her own admission was UNDER her poncho as opposed to outside it where it was supposed to be. He released her. What a story, huh? |
August 17, 2014, 09:09 AM | #58 |
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Another poster child incident in the argument for police wearing body cams ...
August 17, 2014, 10:00 AM | #59 | |
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BTW: Newsies are saying the Ferguson PD does not have dash cams. |
August 17, 2014, 10:28 AM | #60 |
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Location: Pennsylvania
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Most cops I know have no problem with body cams. In small departments I see them being standard. But big city? Amount of cash would be huge. And even if the patrol car had a camera they only run when the lights come on and I doubt this cop would put the lights on to tell 2 people to get out of the street.
And since these two were felons I would bet this cop knew them which is why he probably wouldn't tell 2 kids on their way to the library to move out of the middle of the street. Or do we not want cops to pay more attention to two known felons? And even if the cop had a body cam that showed he acted right, the rabble rousers and those looting wouldn't care. |
August 17, 2014, 12:13 PM | #61 | |||
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August 17, 2014, 12:43 PM | #62 | ||
Join Date: September 27, 2008
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You buy an organization enough expensive toys on the taxpayer dime, and they're going to feel compelled to use them. But are they really necessary? Quote:
The police over-reacted, and they violated the civil rights of a great many people who weren't the problem.
Sometimes it's nice not to destroy the world for a change. --Randall Munroe |
August 17, 2014, 01:22 PM | #63 | |
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August 17, 2014, 03:33 PM | #64 | |
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State of emergency
Seems the MO Highway Patrol singing Kumbaya with the rioters (whoops - "protesters") didn't hold the fort too long. Who'd have thunk it?
Governor Nixon has declared a state of emergency, but the good part is that firearms are not affected in any way: Quote:
Edit: Notice "display". You can carry your AR-15 if you want to. I don't advise it.
NRA, SAF, ACLDN, IDPA "Give me liberty or give me death." - Patrick Henry I'd rather be carried by 6 than caged by 12. |
August 17, 2014, 03:35 PM | #65 | |
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"The only way to stop a bad guy with a gun is with a good guy with a gun" |
August 17, 2014, 03:58 PM | #66 |
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> Patriotic- yes, in some places, the use of lethal force to stop a fleeing felon is warranted.
August 17, 2014, 04:44 PM | #67 | |
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August 17, 2014, 04:54 PM | #68 | |
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Homerboy wrote;
WITHOUT Freedom of Thought, there can be no such Thing as Wisdom; and no such Thing as public Liberty, without Freedom of Speech. Silence Dogood Does not morality imply the last clear chance? - WildAlaska - |
August 17, 2014, 06:01 PM | #69 |
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I made the ground rules for this thread clear in post #20. If you found a post of yours has been deleted, it was for good reason.
This situation raises some very important civil-rights questions, and we won't see the discussion derailed by chest-beating and cop-bashing.
Sometimes it's nice not to destroy the world for a change. --Randall Munroe |
August 17, 2014, 08:41 PM | #70 |
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Location: Near St. Louis, Missouri
Posts: 841
Thanks Tom.... so back on track...
What are the legal restrictions/authority on the police when dealing with a violent mob? If a large group of people are gathered, and some become violent, how violent does it have to get, and how many have to be part of the violence, before the police can treat the situation as a violent mob/riot? It seems that the governor of a state can grant additional powers to the police in the situation of an ongoing violent mob, such as declaring a curfew. Is this power of the governor defined by statute, or by case law? Jim. BTW, I drove through the area yesterday afternoon... I would say the national media is blowing it way out of proportion. If I did not know there was a problem, I would have thought it was the school teachers on strike or something. |
August 17, 2014, 08:54 PM | #71 | ||
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August 17, 2014, 09:25 PM | #72 | |
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Massad Ayoob posted this today on his blog:
There's a lot of information still missing and/or to be sorted out. As is often the case, things might not be as they initially seem.
"It is long been a principle of ours that one is no more armed because he has possession of a firearm than he is a musician because he owns a piano. There is no point in having a gun if you are not capable of using it skillfully." -- Jeff Cooper |
August 17, 2014, 10:09 PM | #73 |
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Join Date: February 23, 2013
Location: Central Iowa
Posts: 622
I think the issue of the alleged theft of cigars is irrelevant. He was accused but because he was unable to defend himself against that accusation, shouldn't he be assumed innocent?
Pictures of a person dressed in red colors does not make them a member of the Bloods. Nor does flashing gang signs gain you admittance to those gangs either. This kid may not have been a model student but he also had no criminal history. That's not a claim many (any?) violent gang members can make. |
August 17, 2014, 10:48 PM | #74 | |
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Location: S.E. Minnesota
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So Brown knew he had just robbed the store, but the cop didn't -- but he didn't know that the cop didn't know. That could explain a lot. What we still don't know -- at least I don't know; I haven't been keeping up this weekend -- is had he surrendered and the enraged cop murdered him? Or did he rush the cop and the cop defended himself? (I'm talking about the shots away from the car) In either case, I doubt race had anything to do with it. I also don't give any credibility to the "gang" hand gestures thing.
"The only way to stop a bad guy with a gun is with a good guy with a gun" |
August 17, 2014, 11:19 PM | #75 |
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Join Date: January 30, 2006
Location: Iowa
Posts: 761
According to conflicting news reports Michael Brown was shot six times, i.e., hit with six bullets. FWIW that suggests very close range! However, the media reports conflict. See: http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/...0GI07D20140818 and http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/...0GI07D20140818.
Mods: I apologize if it posting these links is improper and do not object to deletion to comply with FLF rules.
NRA Life Member - RMEF Life Member - Vietnam Vet |
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US 4444605 A Abstract An MOS-type VLSI device is made by a process which provides a planar surface yet maintains geometric control for narrow line widths. The field oxide is recessed by etching the surface of a semiconductor body using thick masking for active device areas. Deposition of field oxide with poor step coverage allows the sidewall to be removed, leaving the top of the field oxide at the same level as the original silicon surface. The thick mask areas are lifted off, resulting in a planar oxide-insulated pattern for formation of transistors or N+ conductive lines.
Claims(10) 1. A method of making field oxide for semiconductor devices comprising the steps of:
applying a pattern of thick mask areas on a face of a semiconductor body, etching said face to create recessed field areas in said face where not covered by the mask areas, depositing field oxide on said face and on top of the thick mask by a process which provides little coverage of the sidewalls of said thick mask areas, etching the field oxide from the sidewalls but leaving thick field oxide in said field areas about level with the original surface of said face, and removing said thick mask and the field oxide thereon, leaving a substantialy planar surface. 2. A method according to claim 1 wherein the thickness of the thick mask areas in adequate to provide poor step coverage when depositing field oxide.
3. A method according to claim 2 wherein said etching of the face is substantially anisotropic.
4. A method according to claim 3 wherein the semiconductor body is silicon and the field oxide is silicon dioxide.
5. A method according to claim 4 wherein the thick mask is polysilicon.
6. A method according to claim 5 wherein the step of etching the field oxide is isotropic.
7. A method of making a semiconductor device comprising the steps of:
applying a thick mask layer on a face of a semiconductor body, etching said face to create a recessed field area in said face surrounding said mask layer, the depth of said recessed field area being equal to the desired thickness of the insulator, depositing field insulator on said face to fill the recesses field area and to cover the top of the thick mask layer, using a deposition process which provides little coverage of the sidewalls of said thick mask layer, etching the field insulator from the sidewalls but leaving thick field insulator in said recessed field areas with a top surface about level with the original surface of said face, removing said thick mask layer and the field insulator thereon, leaving a substantialy planar surface of the face; and forming a circuit element on said face. 8. A method according to claim 7 wherein said etching of the face is substantially anisotropic.
9. A method according to claim 8 wherein the semiconductor body is silicon and the field oxide is silicon dioxide.
10. A method according to claim 9 wherein the thick mask layer is polysilicon.
Description This invention relates to semiconductor devices, and more particularly to the manufacture of VLSI devices having planar surfaces. In order to manufacture VLSI semiconductor devices such as a 1-Megabit dynamic RAM wherein line resolution is in the range of 2 microns or less, it is preferable that the surface of the semiconductor bar be as smooth and plane as possible, and control of the line width is essential. When the metal conductive strips used for interconnections are as narrow as needed for maximum circuit density, the thinning or discontinuity caused by steps along the surface become major problems. One source of these steps is the thick field oxide used to isolate MOS transistors from one another along the surface. Typically this field oxide is created by thermal oxidation using silicon nitride as a mask, as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,055,444 issued to G. R. Mohan Rao, assigned to Texas Instruments. While this process has been widely used in making hundreds of millions of memory and microcomputer devices, improvements in surface planarity are preferrable in future VLSI products. A method previously used to produce planar surfaces in manufacture of MOS integrated circuits is that of performing a deep etch prior to growth of field oxide so that the top of the field oxide is level with the original suface. One example of this method is shown in U.S. Pat. No. 4,016,594. A problem with this prior method, however, is the growth of thermal oxide beneath the edges of the silicon nitride oxidation mask. This condition, referred to as moat encroachment, is detrimental to the geometric integrity, especially when line widths are in the range of about two microns as needed for high density devices. It is the principal object of this invention to provide improved processes for making very large scale integrated circuits, particularly for improving surface planarity in such devices and reducing the geometric effects of moat encroachment. Another object is to provide improved step coverage for interconnection patterns on semiconductor integrated circuits, and to reduce discontinuities in the surface or in surface patterns. In accordance with one embodiment of the invention, An MOS-type VLSI device is made by a process which provides a planar surface yet maintains geometric control for narrow line widths. The field oxide is recessed by etching the surface of a semiconductor body using thick masking for active device areas. Deposition of field oxide with poor step coverage allows the sidewall to be removed, leaving the top of the field oxide at the same level as the original silicon surface. This thick mask areas are lifted off, resulting in a planar oxide-insulated pattern for formation of transistors or N+ conductive lines. The novel features believed characteristic of the invention are set forth in the appended claims. The invnetion itself, however, as well as other features and advantages thereof, will be best understood by reference to the detailed description which follows, read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein: FIGS. 1a-1f are greatly enlarged elevation views in section of a small portion of a semiconductor chip showing an oxide-isolated MOS transistor at successive stages in the manufacturing process according to the invention; and FIGS. 2, 3, and 4 are views corresponding to FIG. 1 for alternative embodiments of the process of the invention. Referring to FIGS. 1a-1f, a process for making an N-channel, silicon-gate, self aligned, MOS transistor device according to the invention will be described, although it is understood that other types of devices could be fabricated using the features of the invention. The starting material is a slice of P-type monocyrstalline silicon, perhaps four inches in diameter and about 20 mils thick, cut on the <100> plane, of a resistivity of about ten ohm-cm. In the Figures, a wafer or body 10 represents a very small part of the slice, of about one mil or less in lateral dimension, chosen as a representative sample cross section. Typically the transistor to be created in part of a semiconductor device containing many thousands of such transistors on a wafer of about 200 mils on a side. First, after appropriate cleaning, the slice is oxidized by exposing to oxygen in a furnace at an elevated temperature of perhaps 1000� C. to produce an oxide layer 11 of a thickness of 400 Å, as seen in FIG. 1a. Next a thick masking layer 12 of polysilicon or silicon nitride Si3 N4, or metal, of about 2 microns thickness, is formed by a conventional method, e.g., exposing to an atmosphere of dichlorosilane and ammonia in a reactor in the case of silicon nitride. A coating 13 of photoresist is applied to the entire top surface, then exposed to ultraviolet light through a mask which defines the desired pattern, and developed, exposing areas above recessed field oxide is to be produced. Alternatively, instead of ultraviolet light for the photoresist process, electron beam or X-ray lithography may be used to expose the photoresist; X-ray lithography is disclosed in Electronics, Nov. 9, 1978, Page 99 and and electron beam lithography is disclosed in Bell Laboratories Record, March 1976, Page 69-72 and Electronic Products, February 1977, Page 17. The slice is subjected to an anisotropic etch sequence which removes the part of the mask layer 12 not covered by the photoresist 13, then removes the oxide layer 11 if desired. The slice is next subjected to another anisotropic reactive ion or plasma etch step, whereby silicon is removed in areas 14 not covered by the mask 12. It is important that the sidewalls of recessed areas 14 formed by the anisotropic etch as seen in FIG. 1b are vertical and there is little undercut or sloping sidewalls. The depth of this etch is about 7,000 to 12,000 Å, which is much less than the thickness of the layer 12. Although not necessary to the invention, ordinarily channel stops are created by an ion implant using boron as the impurity in regions 15 at the bottom of the recesses 14. Due to the directional nature of this implant, boron will not be introduced into the sidewalls. If a channel stop is desired in the sidewalls a V-groove etchant for silicon such as KOH or tetramethyl ammonium hydroxide can be used to produce a sloped sidewall without undercut. Referring to FIG. 1c, the photoresist 13 is removed, and the following step is formation of field oxide 16, which is done by subjecting the slices to a silicon dioxide deposition process which produces very poor step coverage. For example, evaporation or plasma-enhanced CVD processes, produce much thinner coverage of sidewalls 17 than horizontal surfaces. The top of the thick nitride layer 12 is also covered with deposited oxide. The thickness of this layer 16 is about 12,000 to 15,000 Å, partly extending above the original surface. The sidewall oxide 17 is next etched back as seen in FIG. 1d, using an isotropic etch such as HF. Part of the horizontal oxide 16 is removed, but the original thickness is selected so that a plane surface results. Referring to FIG. 1e, the nitride layer 12 and its underlying oxide layer 11 are removed by etching, as the next step, and another thin silicon oxide layer 18 of about 400 Å is grown over the exposed silicon, as seen in FIG. 1f. A layer of polycrystalline silicon is deposited over the entire slice in a reactor using standard techniques, for example, by decomposition of silane in hydrogen at an elevated temperature. The polysilicon is then patterned using photoresist to form the gate 19 of the transistor. Using the remaining polysilicon coating and thin oxide 18, as well as the field oxide 16, as a mask, the slice is now subjected to an N+ ion implant step. Arsenic is implanted and then driven into the P-type silicon slice 10 to produce N+ source and drain regions 20 and an N+ gate. The depth of these regions after drive-in is about 5000 Å, more shallow than the field oxide. Fabrication of the device is continued by depositing a thick layer 21 of multilevel dioxide by a low temperature reaction process using conventional chemical vapor deposition techniques. Subsequently, a photoresist operation opens windows 22 in this oxide layer in areas where metal-to-moat or metal-to-poly contact is to be made. Then, a layer of aluminum is deposited on the entire slice, and selectively etched using photoresist masking to produce the desired pattern of metal strips and contacts 23. Protective oxide is deposited, holes etched to contact bonding pads, and the slice scribed and broken for mounting the individual bars in packages. The deposited oxide 16 is somewhat more porous, compared to the thermal field oxide of the standard process of U.S. Pat. No. 4,055,444, and so the seal against unwanted impurities or contamination may be improved in the process of the invention by growing a thin coating 24 of thermal oxide as seen in FIG. 2. This coating 24 is grown in the recesses 14 after the anisotropic etch referred to above in reference to FIG. 1b. The thickness of the coating 24 is about 400 Å, which will not appreciably alter the shape of the step sidewalls. The layer 16 is deposited over this thermal oxide and the process continues as before. The length of time at high temperature, about 1000� C., needed to grow the thermal oxide coating 24 is quite short compared to that needed to grow thick thermal field oxide as in conventional processes; that is, perhaps twenty minutes compared to ten hours. Instead of relying solely on the poor step coverage in the deposition of the oxide 16 in order to preferentially remove the sidewall oxide 17, a silicon layer 25 seen in FIG. 3 may be evaporated into the face of the slice after depositing the oxide 16 but prior to the isotropic etch as discussed above with reference to FIGS. 1c and 1d. Due to the directionality of the evaporation step, there is virtually no sidewall coverage. And other material resistant to hydrogen fluoride etchant may be used instead of silicon for the layer 25. The layer 25 functions as an etch stop so that when the sidewalls 17 are etched, using an etchant which attacks silicon oxide but not silicon, only the sidewalls 17 are removed. Thereafter, the silicon coating 25 may be oxidized, or otherwise eliminated such as by etching. The process is otherwise identical to that of FIGS. 1a-1f. Alternatively, the coverage of the sidewalls 17 can be made even poorer when depositing the oxide 16 by creating an overhang as shown in FIG. 4. A film 26 of silicon nitride is applied on top of the mask layer 12 before applying the photoresist 13. Then after patterning the nitride 26, the etchant which removes the polysilicon 12 will undercut, so when the oxide 16 is deposited very little will adher to the sidewalls. It is understood that memory of microcomputer devices such as shown in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,239,993, 4,314,362, 4,074,351 or 3,991,305, all assigned to Texas Instruments, would be made by this process, and so many thousands of the transistors shown would be formed on the chip 10. While an N-channel MOS process is shown, using a silicon substrate, the invention would be applicable to CMOS, bipolar, etc. Also, other semiconductor and insulating materials could be employed instead of silicon and silicon oxide. While this invention has been described with reference to an illustrative embodiment, this description is not intended to be construed in a limiting sense. Various modifications to the illustrative embodiment, as well as other embodiments of the invention, will be apparent to persons skilled in the art upon reference to this description. It is, therefore contemplated that the appended claims will cover any such modifications or embodiments as fall within the true scope of the invention. Patent Citations
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It's All Politics House GOP Walks Uncertain Debt-Ceiling Path July 19, 2011 The Founders knew the U.S. House would sometimes be unruly, confused and contradictory, like the very citizens the lawmakers represented. So, one way to look at what's going on with House Republicans right now in the debt-ceiling crisis is that they're living up to the expectations the revolutionary generation had for Congress, at least the People's House.
It's All Politics Top House Progressive Says He, Others Won't OK Debt-Ceiling Benefit Cuts July 14, 2011 If a deal to boost the U.S. debt ceiling is reached between President Obama and congressional GOP leaders, more than likely it will require as many House Democrats' votes as possible to pass since any pact Obama would agree to is probably incapable of drawing much if any support from the House's Tea Party Republicans.So even they're in the minority, what the House's progressives think matters.
It's All Politics Poll: Big Majority Opposes GOP Medicare Plan June 1, 2011 Even 54 percent of conservatives polled said they were against the GOP Medicare plan. Needless to say, this is a very difficult survey to spin something positive out of if you're a House Republicans.
It's All Politics Obama, House GOP Show Each Other (And Voters) How Reasonable They Are June 1, 2011 It was a foregone conclusion that Wednesday's White House meeting between President Obama and House Republicans would result in no forward progress in addressing the nation's fiscal issues. Presidents don't negotiate with hundreds of lawmakers from the other party.
It's All Politics GOP Freshmen: Stop Medicare Scare Tactics May 11, 2011 House Republicans are accusing Democrats of playing rank politics with Medicare which, Republicans freely admit, they have done, too, especially in the run-up to last year's mid-term election. But that was then, is their message now.
It's All Politics April Fools Day Finds Congress Up To Usual Tricks April 1, 2011 Some critics of Congress might say that every day is April Fools Day in Washington. House Republicans and Democrats seemed intent on proving that Friday during a debate over a GOP bill that a top Republican suggested, wrongly, could become law with only the House passing it.
It's All Politics House Tea Partiers Force Deeper Spending Cuts Of $100 Billion February 11, 2011 Tea Party House freshmen have exerted their power, forcing their leaders to keep a campaign pledge. House leaders appeared ready to compromise on a campaign pledge to cut $100 billion in spending with $74 billion in cuts.
It's All Politics House's GOP Leaders Hit Turbulence Early February 10, 2011 House leaders have hit severe turbulence as some of their fellow Republicans refuse to go along with legislative initiatives being pushed by Speaker Boehner and his leadership team. Meanwhile, Democrats have little to no incentive to help the GOP leaders.
It's All Politics Republican Era Begins (At Least In U.S. House) January 3, 2011 As Republicans take over the House, no end to partisanship was in sight as anti-Obama action loomed. A vote to repeal the health-care overhaul law and probes of the Obama Administration all appeared in the offing.
It's All Politics GOP House's New Rules Include Substance, Style December 23, 2010 New House rules should increase transparency and efficiency, the House's new GOP leaders say. Lawmakers will be forced to vote specifically to raise the debt limit, for example, and will need to offer constitutional justification for legislation.
It's All Politics New House Republicans Get Friendly Advice November 23, 2010 Among the advice, freshman House Republicans were told to read and reread the Constitution. One veteran lawmaker also advised that in order to avoid an ambush by the media, they use the tunnels under the Capitol complex when they cast floor votes.
It's All Politics Republicans' New 'Pledge:' Spending, Tax Cuts, Health-Law Repeal September 22, 2010 House Republicans gave an early look at their new "Pledge to America," the sequel to 1994's contract. They promised to cut taxes and spending if returned to power. Some of the language in the pledge was clearly drawn from the Tea Party movement.


text:
Among the distinguishing features of bugs are the mouthparts. These are modified into an elongate proboscis that can be pierced into the food object and through which liquefied food is ingested. Adult of most species have wings although many are wingless and more-or-less sessile. Immatures resemble the adults but do not have wings (late instar immatures may have wing buds). Plant feeders, predators and even blood suckers are included in this order. There are thousands of species inhabiting the Sonoran Desert ecosystem. This guide shows only a select few.
Say's StinkbugChlorochroa sayiEmerald green with snowy spots. Outline in orange and an orange spot at tip of scutellum (triangular plate behind thorax). More info |
Conchuela BugChlorochroa ligataDark brown to nearly black. Outline in orange. Feeds on developing buds and seeds. More info |
Creosote Stink BugDendrocoris contaminatusRusty brown in shades similar to the host plant, Cresosote Bush (Larrea tridentata). Smaller than other stink bugs. More info |
Spined Stink BugLoxa flavicollisLarge green stink bug (roughly pentagonal in shape) with lateral spines behind head. More info |
Brown Stink BugHolcostethus sp.Medium-sized bug with a grainy texture to the color. Occurs especially on trees and shrubs with developing seeds. More info |
Green Stink BugAcrosternum hilareAll-green, pentagonal bug found on wide variety of trees and plants, usu. those with developing fruit or seeds. More info |
Harlequin BugMurgantia histrionicaPentagonal shape intricately marked with bright yellow and/or orange on black. On mustard and capper plants. More info |
Painted Stink BugBagrata hilarisA non-native bug recently transplanted from Afica or Europe to Southern California. It could spread eastward into the Arizona Sonoran Desert. More info |
Narrow Stink BugMecidea sp.Pale brown or tan stink bug that is more slender than pentagonal. May be encountered on grass species. More info |
Negro BugCorimelaena sp.Small black bugs marked with some orange appearing like beetles due to enlarged scutellum. Common on desert tobacco. More info |
Seed BugNysius sp.Small brown or gray bugs abundant on grasses and weeds with seeds. A number of similar species. More info |
Milkweed BugLygeaus kalmiiSometimes gregarious red, black and white bugs on milkweeds and other plants in seed. Often in tandem. More info |
Charcoal Seedbug BugNeacoryphus lateralisSometimes really abundant red & black bugs of late spring to fall. On seeding plants. More info |
Redcoat Seed BugMelanopleurus sp.Dressed like a British Soldier and not at all obscure as it inhabits composite inflorescences. More info |
Dirt Colored Seed BugPseudopamera sp?Rather small and often hidden under rocks or leaf litter. Enlarged femur on first pair of legs. More info |
Bordered Plant BugLargus sp.Large bug mostly dark marked with bright orange around border and on underside of abdoment. Common on plants with maturing seeds. A couple of similar species. See nymph lower on this page. More info |
Bordered Plant Bug (nymph)Largus sp.Metalic blue with orange triangle. Immature stage, and thus wingless, of Largus shown above. More info |
Orange Fiddleneck Plant BugPlagiognathus moerensSmall, brightly colored, active bug in flower clusters of orange fiddleneck. Many similar bugs found on wide variety of plants. More info |
Creosote Bush Plant BugOrthotylinaeSmall, green and golden brown, active bug on new growth of Creosote Bush. Many similar bugs found on other Sonoran Desert plants. More info |
Red Plant BugLopideaDelicate red and black plant bug found on developing seeds and flower buds of various plants. Several similar species. More info |
Wolfberry Plant BugMiridae sp.Small, about 3mm, mottled green and black designed to hide on buds/stems. This one found on Lycium. More info |
Ant Mimic BugCoquillettiaEven an Entomologist will look twice before realizing that this is not an ant! More info |
Mesquite CoreidMozena sp.Large tan or dark brown bug with sharp, flared points behind head and enlarged hind legs. Young are greenish. More info |
Leaf-footed BugLeptoglossus zonatusLarge bugs with conspicuous flags on legs and white zigzag on back. Feeds on developing fruits. More info |
Prickly Pear Leaf-footed BugNarnia sp.Gray-brown bugs often in pairs on prickly pears. Medium-large size. More info |
Leaf-footed BugAcanthocephala granulosusVery large, conspicuous bugs most often on mesquite pods. Bright orange tips to legs and antennae set off by all black body. More info |
Cactus BugChelinidea vittigerGray-brown bugs on prickly pears with light-colored, geometric lines across wings. Leave brown circles on cactus pads. More info |
Leaf-footed BugCatorhintha sp.This one lacks the leaf-like expansion on the last pair of legs. More info |
Assassin BugZelus sp.Spindly-legged predators often on flowers. Prey sticks to glue on legs. More info |
Orange AssassinPselliopsis sp.Boldly colored predator of caterpillars and other bugs. Legs sharply banded with black rings. More info |
Bee AssassinApiomeris flaviventrisWarning colored in black, red and yellow. Beak pierces bees and other insect prey. More info |
Ambush BugPhymata sp.Powerful, predatory bug looks like part of the flower and grabs bees and butterflies when they visit. More info |
Kissing BugTriatoma rubidaEmerge from rock crevices at night to take blood from rodents and humans. Mostly black, narrow head with beak and large eyes. More info |
Damsel BugNabis sp.Slender, gray-brown bugs with a noticeably elongated head and snout. About a cm long. Predators on plant feeding insects. More info |
Toad BugGelastocoris oculatusHops along on damp sand adjacent to riparian streams blending in perfectly. Predaceous. More info |
Lace BugCorythucha sp.Small bugs feeding esp. on leaf undersides. Wings and prothorax of stiff, lacy chitin. More info |
Stilt BugJalysus sp.Small, delicate plant feeding bugs with very long, slender legs and a distinct knob at tip of antennae. Pale brown to nearly transparent. More info |
Tobacco Stilt BugPronotacanthaVery slender, delicate plant feeding bugs with very long, slender legs and a distinct knob at tip of antennae. This one has a dark, prickly thorax. More info |
Scentless Plant BugArhyssus ?Small, non-descript bug. Knobs at ends of antennae. Does not release scent when disturbed unlike many other similar bugs. More info |
Bed BugCimex lectulariusRed to brown bugs in dwellings. When starved very flat and can hide in narrow cracks. No wings. Feeds nocturnally on human blood. More info |
Water StriderGerris sp.Glides on surface film of calm waters and preys on insects trapped there. Long spidery legs. More info |
Small Water StriderRhagoveliaSimilar to water striders, but smaller. Common on surfaces with floating algae. More info |
Creosote Bush Tree HopperMultareoides bifurcatusSmall hopping bug normally confined to young twigs of Creosote Bush, Larrea tridentata. Double point on pronotum. More info |
Creosote Bush Tree HopperCentrodontus atlasA dippled texture and a tough pronotum. Normally rests concealed within creosote bush twigs. More info |
Mesquite Thorn HopperPlatycentrus acuticornisDouble-thorned plant hopper hugs stems to appear as a part of the plant. Feeds on mesquite sap. More info |
Ambrosia TreehopperEntylia turritaPale brown or tan with lighter striations. Close associate with Canyon Ragweed or possibly other composite plants. More info |
Seep Willow Plant HopperOeclidius sp.Small hopping bug with gossamer wings. May be found on Baccharis, plants of the composite family. More info |
Spittle-Bug NymphClastoptera sp.Immature stage, a nymph, of the adult bug at right is embedded in froth of mucousy sap waste. More info |
Spittle-BugClastoptera sp.Small plant hopper able to launch into a phenominal jump. Very small, less than 3mm. False eye at posterior. More info |
Smoketree SharpshooterHomalodisca liturataBrightly colored hopper found on various desert trees and shrubs. Also on wide variety of cultivated shrubs. More info |
Chilopsis SharpshooterNeokolla sp.Small (few mm's) hopping insects found mostly on Desert Willow. Brightly colored; pointed shape. More info |
Mesquite LeafhopperPonana ?Pale brown and speckled with small brownish spots. Small jumping insect can fly also. More info |
Bursage LeafhopperGraphocephala cythuraTurquoise leafhoppers about 4 mm long on bursage or other composites. More info |
Flatid PlanthopperOrmenis sauciaThere are a number of similar looking flatids in the desert looking like little moths that can jump and fly. Snowy white or pastel shades of blue or green. More info |
Apache CicadaDiceroprocta apacheOften heard, more rarely seen. Emerges from soil during summer months after feeding on roots. More info |
Potato PsyllidBactericera cockerelli ?Minute flying-jumping insect, less than 2mm. Two pairs of clear membrane wings. This one on wolfberry. More info |
Oleander AphidAphis neriiRather formless, yellow-orange, blobs with black, spindly legs. Walking infrequently. Found on members of milkweed and dogbane plant families. More info |
Brown Ambrosia AphidMacrosiphum ambrosiasPort wine colored blobs appearing in colonies on bursage, brittlebush and other sunflowers. Spring mostly. More info |
Psyllid on CottonwoodG. sp.Small, largely sessile plant-sucking bugs that can, if threatened, jump. Usually in groups, More info |
Hackberry Gall PsyliidPachpsylla sp.Small, nearly sessile bugs that are normally concealed inside galls. This species specific to hackberries. More info |
Cottonwood Petiole Gall AphidPemphigus sp.Whitish aphids concealed inside a swelling on the leaf-stem of fremont cottonwood. More info |
WhiteflyAleyrodidaeThe wintering stage of the whitefly appears as a white speck usu. on the underside of an evergreen leaf. More info |
Cottony BugsCoccidae?Sedentary bugs resembling miniature cotton balls on twigs of catclaw. More info |
Wax ScaleIcerya rileyiLittle resemblance to an insect. Immobile, nearly leggless and covered in thick coating of wax. More info |
Lac InsectTachardiella fulgensHard, armoured bugs in colonies on twigs of Coursetia. No legs or wings visible. Look like globs of dry sap. More info |
Cochineal ScaleDactylopiusOn prickly pears and chollas appears as cottony masses with red blob bug inside. More info |
Meally BugPseudococcidaeFlat, mostly immobile bugs with meally wax coating. Ants almost always in attendence. More info |
Desert Field Guide
Sonoran Desert Places
Sonoran Desert Naturalist Home Page


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Welcome to the UWI
4 campuses. 17 nations.
Cave Hill
Barbados -
Jamaica -
St Augustine
Trinidad & Tobago -
Open Campus
Vice Chancellery
My Vision for the University is to be the first choice of Caribbean nationals seeking high quality undergraduate and postgraduate education and to be the first port of call for Caribbean governments in need of advice and technical expertise.
Professor E. Nigel Harris
Vice ChancellorFeatured Story
A Message from the Vice-Chancellor
I am writing to announce that I shall demit the office of Vice-Chancellor in April 2015.
By that time I shall have served for 10 years as Vice-Chancellor, which is about the time I believe senior administrators of organisations such as ours should serve.
Read More


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IQ Gym 2 3D Puzzle game has some great graphics because its made with the newest game engines and cinematic editing software for the most realistic graphics.https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/iq-gym-2-3d-puzzle/id846399946?ls=1&mt=8
This title is actually a pretty good memory game, it reminds me of a numbers game called Numbs https://itunes.apple.com/app/id674456722 , which I still play now and then on iPhone. However, not much is mentioned about IQ GYM 3D's gameplay and its features on the App Store page and the support page; http:/www.henrytorbin.web.com/ is even more useless! This looks more like something we would normally see on the play.google.com store for Android devices. It would have been smart to keep to the standards of the platform and provide a better service! The results can be seen already on https://itunes.apple.com, reviews are all but positive I am afraid!


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CONTENTSSPORTSBaseballBoys' BasketballGirls' BasketballCross CountryGirls' GymnasticsGirls' Swimming & DivingBoys SwimmingFootballBoys' GolfGirls' GolfBoys' SoccerGirls' SoccerGirls' SoftballBoys' TennisGirls' TennisTrack & FieldGirls' VolleyballWrestlingOTHERMEDIAHeadlinesLive BroadcastsArchived BroadcastsVideo ClipsPhoto GalleriesAnnouncementsCalendar/ScheduleiCal CalendarTournamentsContent PagesDocumentsForumsPollsScoreboardContact UsRSS FeedIHIGH LINKS |
Home » Basketball NewsNBA free agency: Assessing latest signings and potential movesJuly 14, 2014 INDIANA SPORTS PAGEAs expected, LeBron James' signing has sparked a flurry of free-agent activity. The gears within the league are turning – players are relocating, teams are adjusting on the fly and the NBA power structures are hanging in the balance. Below are scattered reflections on some of the latest developments from that scene, which becomes increasingly unpredictable with every degree removed from James' decision to return to Cleveland. READ MORE: http://www.si.com/nba/2014/07/13/nba-free-agency-paul-pierce-trevor-ariza-carlos-boozer-pau-gasol
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Elven rope
Elven rope was a magical rope made by the Elves. During the War of the Ring, Galadriel gave Samwise Gamgee a piece of this rope to aid the Fellowship of the Ring in their adventure. The thin, light rope was able to withstand the greatest weight and was even rumored to unknot when one wished it to. The rope was also known to burn creatures such as Gollum.
Gifts of Galadriel | ||
Andúril's sheath | Elfstone | Boromir's belt |
Merry and Pippin's belts | Sam's garden box | Hair of Galadriel |
Bow of the Galadhrim | Phial of Galadriel |


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Crazy, Stupid, Love. (2011)
Crazy, Stupid, Love. (2011)- Comedy | Drama | Romance
A middle-aged husband's life changes dramatically when his wife asks him for a divorce. He seeks to rediscover his manhood with the help of a newfound friend, Jacob, learning to pick up girls at bars.
Watch Trailer |


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Infinity bracelet tattoo - Tattoowise
henna bracelet tatoo
Henna!flowers bracelet tattoo
slight dreamy effect. not sure if it's as effective on the black backgroundbracelet henna designs
Awesome Henna tattoo I got while I was in Gatlinburg. It means Genius. ;)tattoo hand bracelet
putting her shoes on before a shoot. it was a random capture; not through the eye peice or anything.free tattoo for bracelet pics
Details: yermawn.blogspot.com/2012/05/szd-gets-filthy.html Free: Everythingcat bracelet tattoo
someone like you cares a whole awful lot, nothing is going to get better. It's not.tattoo celtic bracelet
Celtic braceletbracelet
Pushkar, Rajasthantattoo for infinity
This is a lucky shot I caught from a lounge chair about 50 feet away. I love the depth of field, the sun hitting their shoulders, the curve of the chair echoing the swim suit & the tattoo, and the positions of their ponytails with their heads angled away from each other... No editing, No cropping, just a lucky moment...bracelet tattoo design
Sharky's first ever henna...we ended up doing both arms...I think she will become addicted. Henna by me. Design inspired by "The Art of Mehndi" by Sumitra Batraankle bracelet
taken at dan and sarah's wedding Model: Sally R anyone get this esoteric musical reference?name tattoo bracelet
In the episode of Futurama entitled "Leela's Homeworld," Leela takes off her arm-band, and underneath is a bracelet, with these three runes engraved. It was given to her by her birth parents, and left with her when she was dropped off at the Cookieville Minimum Security Orphanrium. In the grand scope of things, the runes don't actually mean anything - it was going to be alien language 3, but the show was canceled before they could finish the language. But it's rumored to mean "Chump."tattooed bracelet
amsterdam may 1994 tattoo convention at "Beurs van Berlage"Sponsored Ads


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Thanks for pointing me the second solution - i will have to think how to make it impossible. The solution i had in mind is :
The move 4.Qf6 is not with check and i think it makes the solution more difficult.
But without the rook " h1 " mate is impossible so , the whole 3 pawns must be taken .
4. Qf6 is an excellent, and hard-to-find, move that allows the attack to continue without pause.
Right you are, batgirl! - and if your deceased 'lover', Morphy, hadn't found it for you from within his grave, well[?] - we'd all be lost ... So thanks again for sharing.
So many problems... I had some with my position and had to change it . I didn't like the new position much, but will post it anyway.
Thanks for your insightful comments. Unfortunately they make no sense since the move you comment on wasn't a move found by me or even from a game of mine, but rather a move in a sequence devised by another porter here. However, I'm glad your interested enough to research my interest in Paul Morphy.
I like the new position as well as the original. It seems that, while Black's least favorite line - the one involving giving up both the Queen and the Rook - can be avoided, by avoiding it, Black falls into a windmill which proves more clearly and calculatively decisive (though both lines are losing). I find it rather interesting. Thanks for the effort.
Thank you whaleeyeman for putting your game in the off topic section.
What do you say one move from mating your opponent!
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Chess 960 Castling
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What's your favorite excuse for why you lost a game of chess?
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New to Chess - Where to start?
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How easy is to play d4
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What do you feel about players that do perpetual checks when they are losing?
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Moving a Pawn Twice in the Opening
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Help with analysis please!
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beccoming a staff member.
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Stuff Non-Chess Players Say
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Other projects made by Kaye Prince:
See All Projects by Kaye Prince »Offer some kudos...
Join the conversation...
Ask a question...
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Here are some details about my project: | |
Category | Quilting |
Type | Home Decor |
Style | Whimsical, Holiday |
What was your source for this quilting project?
Online Photo or Website
Name of website or photo
Winter in the Woods
What advice would you give someone starting this project? Have fun with the quilting - it's the perfect opportunity! For this little mini I mimicked the smoke wisps coming out of the chimney of the cottage and it was so fun! *My pattern can be found in the special Holiday 2010 issue of Fat Quarterly magazine


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Every now & then the logic of it all was overpowering. Suppose he did have to settle for a small part in a western movie at first? Wouldn't they spot Artie Biggs for a surefire Roy Rogers when they saw his lightning draw and heard him sing the way he sang at Manhattan's St. Vincent Ferrer's school? Why should a kid with his talents stew through fourth grade, take Skippy and Lady out for their walks every night and waste away his life in a 66th Street flatwhen Hollywood was right there, waiting?
Three timesby foot, subway and train Artie Biggs, a...
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Percutaneous revascularization strategies in saphenous vein graft lesions: Long-term results
Next Document Rev Port Cardiol. 2012;31:11-8.
AimsAlthough half of saphenous vein grafts (SVGs) present obstructive atherosclerotic disease 10 years after implantation, controversy remains concerning the ideal treatment. Our aim was to compare percutaneous revascularization (PCI) options in SVG lesions, according to intervention strategy and type of stent.
MethodsA retrospective single-center analysis selected 618 consecutive patients with previous bypass surgery who underwent PCI between 2003 and 2008. Clinical and angiographic parameters were analyzed according to intervention strategy – PCI in SVG vs. native vessel vs. combined approach – and type of stent implanted – drug-eluting (DES) vs. bare-metal (BMS) vs. both. A Cox regressive analysis of event-free survival was performed with regard to the primary outcomes of death, myocardial infarction (MI) and target vessel failure (TVF).
ResultsDuring a mean follow-up of 796±548 days the rates of death, MI and TVF were 10.9%, 10.5% and 29.5%, respectively. With regard to intervention strategy (74.4% of PCI performed in native vessels, 17.2% in SVGs and 8.4% combined), no significant differences were seen between groups (death p=0.22, MI p=0.20, TVF p=0.80). The type of stents implanted (DES 83.2%, BMS 10.2%, both 3.2%) also did not influence long-term prognosis (death p=0.09, MI p=0.11, TVF p=0.64). The implantation of DES had a favorable impact on survival (p<0.001) in the subgroup of patients treated in native vessels but not in SVG.
ConclusionsAmong patients with SVG lesions, long-term mortality, MI and TVF were not affected by intervention options, except for the favorable impact on survival of DES in patients treated in native vessels.
Full Text
IntroductionCoronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is a highly effective therapy in ischemic heart disease. However, its success is affected by the limited life expectancy of saphenous vein bypass grafts (SVGs), which are still used in almost all interventions.1, 2 Most recent studies report an estimated patency rate of 50–60% for SVGs after 10 years, compared to 85–95% for arterial conduits.3 Three main mechanisms are described for vein graft failure. In the early postoperative period (first month), acute thrombosis due to technical and anatomical factors is the dominant etiology. In the subacute period (second to twelfth month) the major role is played by intimal hyperplasia, resulting from the graft's adaptation to higher arterial pressures with consequent loss of endothelial inhibition and smooth muscle cell proliferation. During the late period (after the first year), accelerated atherosclerosis becomes the most important mechanism for graft stenosis and occlusion. Compared to native vessels, vein graft atheromas are more diffuse and concentric and less calcified and have poorly developed or absent fibrous caps, making them especially prone to rupture with consequent thrombotic occlusion of the graft.1, 4
Stenosed or occluded SVGs can be treated by percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) or repeat CABG. Compared to first CABG, repeat CABG is technically more difficult, carries a higher risk of death and provides less symptomatic improvement.2 As a result, PCI is currently the preferred treatment for SVG lesions. However, two major questions concerning percutaneous revascularization of CABG patients remain unanswered. The first is where to intervene: in the venous graft itself or in the native coronary artery. Percutaneous treatment of soft and friable, degenerated vein graft lesions is associated with less favorable immediate results and more adverse in-hospital events, and poses unique procedural challenges due to the frequent presence of thrombi superimposed on critical graft stenosis with a consequent tendency for distal embolization and periprocedural myocardial infarction. In the long term, results are disappointing, with high recurrence rates due to restenosis and emergence of new lesions resulting in target vessel failure (TVF).4, 5, 6, 7 Nonetheless, only a few small retrospective studies comparing the two strategies have been published, with inconclusive results, and the general practice is to decide on an individual basis.8, 9 The second question concerns the most suitable stent for PCI of SVG lesions. Although superior to balloon angioplasty,10, 11, 12, 13 results of stent implantation in SVG lesions are not as good as in native coronary arteries.13 Initial evidence retrospectively comparing bare-metal (BMS) with drug-eluting (DES) stents tended to favor DES, with a lower incidence of major adverse cardiac events mostly due to a reduction in target vessel revascularization (TVR).14, 15, 16, 17 However, the recent publication of the only two randomized studies in this area has questioned the superiority of DES. The RRISC (Reduction of Restenosis In Saphenous vein grafts with Cypher stent) trial, comparing sirolimus-eluting stents (SES) with BMS, showed SES to be superior in target lesion and target vessel revascularization at 6 months, with similar mortality and myocardial infarction (MI) rates.18 However, the DELAYED RRISC (Death and Events at Long-term follow-up AnalYsis: Extended Duration of the Reduction of Restenosis In Saphenous vein grafts with Cypher stent) trial showed loss of repeated revascularization benefits and significantly higher mortality in SES compared with BMS at 32 months.19 The SOS (Stenting Of Saphenous vein grafts) trial, comparing paclitaxel-eluting stent (PES) with BMS, also showed disappointing results, with less TVR and TVF in the PES group but similar MI and mortality rates at a mean follow-up of 1.5 years.20 This lack of consistent long-term benefit of DES over BMS in this context21, 22, 23, 24 led to the recent publication of two meta-analyses, also with controversial results: one, including 19 studies with 3420 patients, reported a benefit for DES vs. BMS only in TVR and MI25; the second, including 22 studies and 5543 patients, showed significantly better results for DES in TVR, TLR and total and cardiovascular mortality.26 Although revitalized, this question seems far from settled.
The aim of our study was to compare long-term angiographic and clinical outcomes of different percutaneous revascularization options in patients with SVG lesions, with regard to intervention strategy – PCI in SVG or native coronary artery – and type of stent to implant – BMS or DES.
Methods Patients and proceduresA retrospective analysis of the ACROSS (Angioplasty and Coronary Revascularization On Santa Cruz hospital) Registry, a single-center dedicated interventional cardiology database developed in our Intervention Unit comprising 5611 angioplasties performed consecutively between January 2003 and June 2008, identified 618 patients with previous CABG who underwent PCI, in a total of 793 procedures. All patients were selected for treatment on the basis of spontaneous angina or inducible ischemia documented by noninvasive testing. Selection of interventional strategy and type of stent was left to the operator's discretion and evolved during the study. All patients were treated with antithrombotic and/or anticoagulant therapy as indicated.
Data collection and follow-upDemographic characteristics, cardiac risk factors, clinical presentation, angiographic and procedural results and in-hospital outcomes were prospectively recorded in the above-described database. Clinical follow-up was obtained in 96% of patients, by telephone interviews with the patient or family and review of medical records. A mean follow-up of 796±548 days (interquartile range 436–1117 days) was achieved.
Study objectives and definitionsThe primary outcome of this retrospective analysis was all-cause mortality. Additional outcomes were the rate of major adverse cardiac events: MI, defined as typical rise and fall of troponin or CK-MB above the upper limit of normal, with either ischemic symptoms or electrocardiographic changes indicative of ischemia (ST-segment elevation or depression or development of pathologic Q waves); and TVF, a composite of cardiac death (death related to target vessel or cardiac death not clearly attributed to another vessel), target vessel-related MI (ST-segment elevation or non ST-segment elevation MI attributed to the target vessel or not attributable to another vessel) and repeated TVR, by means of CABG or PCI. All deaths were considered cardiac unless an unequivocal noncardiac cause was established.
Statistical analysisThe statistical analysis was performed using SPSS® 17.0 (2008). Categorical variables were expressed as frequencies and continuous variables as mean±standard deviation. Comparative evaluation of clinical and angiographic parameters was performed using one-way ANOVA. The covariates were: (1) clinical characteristics – age, gender, hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes, smoking, congestive heart failure, chronic renal failure, peripheral arterial disease, previous acute myocardial infarction, previous stroke, left ventricular ejection fraction, presentation as acute coronary syndrome and hemodynamic instability; (2) angiographic characteristics – number of affected coronary arteries, number of affected coronary segments and number of coronary lesions (defined by ≥50% stenosis); (3) procedural characteristics – need for urgent PCI (primary PCI or PCI within the first 72h of an acute coronary syndrome), use of Gp IIb/IIIa inhibitors, number of treated vessels, number of treated lesions, number of stents, total stent length, minimum stent diameter, angiographic success and achievement of complete revascularization. Survival curves for the pre-determined study outcomes were constructed for the mean follow-up time using multivariate Cox regressive analysis adjusted for significant covariates. A p value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results Baseline characteristics and overall outcomesThe study population included 618 patients with a mean age of 66.7±9.5 years, 73% male. Baseline demographic and clinical characteristics are summarized in Table 1. Mean age of degenerated SVGs was 10.2±2.3 years.
Table 1. Baseline clinical characteristics of the study population.
Demographic and clinical characteristics | |
Mean age (years) | 66.7±9.5 |
Male | 72.3% |
Hypertension | 72.5% |
Diabetes | 33.2% |
Hypercholesterolemia | 69.9% |
Smoking | 8.8% |
Previous MI | 49.6% |
Form of presentation | |
Stable/asymptomatic CAD | 63.1% |
SVG age (years) | 10.1±2.3 |
CAD: coronary artery disease; LVEF: left ventricular ejection fraction; MI: myocardial infarction; NSTEMI: non ST-segment myocardial infarction; STEMI: ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction; SVG: saphenous vein graft; UA: unstable angina.
At completion of a mean follow-up of 27±18 months, the incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events was 10.9% death, 10.5% MI and 29.5% TVF (Figure 1).
Figure 1. Overall long-term outcomes. MI: myocardial infarction; TVF: target vessel failure.
Intervention strategyOf the study population, 74.4% were treated in the native coronary artery, 17.2% in the SVG and 8.4% in both territories. Baseline comparison between groups showed no significant differences in demographic and clinical characteristics. Angiographically, the only significant differences between patients treated in SVGs and in native vessels were greater minimal stent diameter in the first group and greater use of Gp IIb/IIIa inhibitors in the second. Patients revascularized in both territories presented more severe coronary disease and underwent more complex PCI procedures, based on the higher number of treated lesions and vessels as well as number of stents implanted (Table 2).
Table 2. Comparison of baseline and procedural characteristics according to intervention strategy.
PCI strategy | Saphenous graft (n=123) | Native vessel (n=533) | Combined (n=60) | p a |
Demographic and clinical characteristics | ||||
Mean age (years) | 67.0±9.4 | 66.5±9.6 | 67.7±9.0 | 0.62 |
Male | 85% | 76% | 85% | 0.04 |
Hypertension | 67% | 73% | 80% | 0.19 |
Diabetes | 57% | 63% | 48% | 0.43 |
Hypercholesterolemia | 70% | 71% | 67% | 0.82 |
Smoking | 11% | 8% | 10% | 0.43 |
Chronic renal failure | 2% | 3% | 3% | 0.68 |
Peripheral arterial disease | 17% | 16% | 15% | 0.93 |
Previous MI | 46% | 48% | 53% | 0.61 |
Previous stroke | 7% | 8% | 12% | 0.58 |
Presentation as ACS | 43% | 32% | 48% | 0.007 |
Need for hemodynamic support | 0% | 1% | 0% | 0.60 |
Time from CABG (years) | 10.2±2.2 | 10.2±2.3 | 9.5±2.4 | 0.52 |
Angiographic characteristics | ||||
Number of affected vessels | 2.6±0.6 | 2.7±0.6 | 2.8±0.4 | 0.07 |
Number of affected segments | 4.6±1.4 | 4.7±1.8 | 5.4±1.6 | 0.006 |
Number of lesions | 5.2±1.8 | 5.1±2.1 | 6.8±1.8 | <0.001 |
Procedural characteristics | ||||
Urgent PCI | 22% | 18% | 20% | 0.65 |
Gp IIb/IIIa | 25% | 16% | 25% | 0.03 |
No. of treated vessels | 1.0±0.5 | 1.3±0.6 | 1.8±0.6 | <0.001 |
No. of treated lesions | 1.0±0.4 | 1.6±0.9 | 2.3±0.8 | <0.001 |
No. of stents | 1.5±0.8 | 1.7±1.0 | 2.7±1.2 | <0.001 |
Total stent length (mm) | 29.6±18.1 | 31.3±19.4 | 51.6±23.1 | <0.001 |
Minimal stent diameter (mm) | 2.9±0.7 | 2.4±0.6 | 2.5±0.6 | <0.001 |
Angiographic success | 99% | 98% | 100% | 0.47 |
Complete revascularization | 11% | 14% | 20% | 0.28 |
a Statistical test: one-way ANOVA. ACS: acute coronary syndrome; CABG: coronary artery bypass graft; Gp IIb/IIIa: glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors; LVEF: left ventricular ejection fraction; MI: myocardial infarction; PCI: percutaneous coronary intervention.
Analysis of 27-month mean follow-up outcomes showed no significant differences between groups for the predetermined outcomes. In the subgroup who underwent combined revascularization, mortality (SVG 8.0% vs. native vessel 10.0% vs. combined 20.0%, p=0.22) and MI (SVG 6.0% vs. native vessel 9.0% vs. combined 20.0%, p=0.20) were non-significantly higher; TVF was similar (SVG 25.0% vs. native vessel 26.0% vs. combined 40.0%, p=0.80) (Figure 2).
Figure 2. Outcome analysis according to intervention strategy for the predefined outcomes death (a), myocardial infarction (b) and target vessel failure (c). Statistical test: Cox regression analysis. MI: myocardial infarction; SVG: saphenous vein graft; TVF: target vessel failure.
Type of stentThe distribution of stent type was uneven, with 83.2% of the patients undergoing PCI with DES, 10.2% with BMS and 3.2% with both types of stent. Baseline comparison of groups revealed older age and lower incidence of previous MI in the BMS subgroup and less smoking in the DES subgroup. With regard to angiographic and procedural characteristics, patients treated with both type of stents presented more severe coronary disease and required more complex intervention in terms of number of lesions and vessels treated and number and length of stents implanted. Between patients treated with only one type of stent, the only difference was the larger stent diameter in the BMS subgroup (Table 3).
Table 3. Comparison of baseline and procedural characteristics according to type of stent implanted.
Implanted stent | Drug-eluting (n=580) | Bare-metal (n=89) | Both (n=28) | p a |
Demographic and clinical characteristics | ||||
Mean age (years) | 66.9±9.4 | 69.6±10.0 | 64.4±8.4 | 0.01 |
Male | 78% | 87% | 86% | 0.10 |
Hypertension | 74% | 74% | 79% | 0.85 |
Diabetes | 64% | 61% | 43% | 0.45 |
Hypercholesterolemia | 71% | 70% | 64% | 0.73 |
Smoking | 7% | 12% | 18% | 0.04 |
Chronic renal failure | 3% | 3% | 0% | 0.63 |
Peripheral arterial disease | 18% | 12% | 14% | 0.36 |
Previous MI | 50% | 37% | 61% | 0.04 |
Previous stroke | 7% | 11% | 4% | 0.32 |
Presentation as ACS | 36% | 46% | 32% | 0.16 |
Need for hemodynamic support | 0% | 1% | 0% | 0.03 |
Time from CABG (years) | 10.2±2.1 | 10.1±2.4 | 10.4±0.1 | 0.97 |
Angiographic characteristics | ||||
Number of affected vessels | 2.7±0.6 | 2.7±0.6 | 2.9±0.4 | 0.34 |
Number of affected segments | 4.7±1.7 | 4.6±1.7 | 6.0±1.7 | 0.001 |
Number of lesions | 5.2±2.0 | 5.3±2.2 | 6.9±1.8 | <0.001 |
Procedural characteristics | ||||
Urgent PCI | 19% | 24% | 14% | 0.51 |
Gp IIb/IIIa | 20% | 16% | 43% | 0.007 |
No. of treated vessels | 1.3±0.6 | 1.1±0.5 | 1.9±0.4 | <0.001 |
No. of treated lesions | 1.6±0.9 | 1.3±0.7 | 2.4±0.9 | <0.001 |
No. of stents | 1.7±1.0 | 1.5±0.7 | 2.9±0.8 | <0.001 |
Total stent length (mm) | 32.8±20.5 | 25.6±14.7 | 50.0±18.5 | <0.001 |
Minimal stent diameter (mm) | 2.4±0.6 | 3.1±0.8 | 2.4±0.5 | <0.001 |
Angiographic success | 99% | 98% | 99% | 0.72 |
Complete revascularization | 13% | 11% | 25% | 0.16 |
a Statistical test: one-way ANOVA. ACS: acute coronary syndrome; CABG: coronary artery bypass graft; Gp IIb/IIIa: glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors; LVEF: left ventricular ejection fraction; MI: myocardial infarction; PCI: percutaneous coronary intervention.
Long-term outcome analysis also showed no significant differences between groups for the defined study outcomes. However, a tendency was seen for higher mortality (DES 10.0% vs. BMS 19.0% vs. both 15.0%, p=0.09) and, conversely, lower MI (DES 12.0% vs. BMS 6.0% vs. both 11.0%, p=0.11) with BMS. The incidence of TVF was similar between groups (DES 29.0% vs. BMS 30.0% vs. both 26.0%, p=0.64) (Figure 3).
Figure 3. Outcome analysis according to type of stent for the predefined outcomes of death (a), myocardial infarction (b) and target vessel failure (c). Statistical test: Cox regression analysis. BMS: bare-metal stent; DES: drug-eluting stent; MI: myocardial infarction; TVF: target vessel failure.
Stent performance according to intervention strategyTo clarify the outcomes, we performed a comparative subanalysis of type of stent implanted for each intervention strategy (Figure 4). In patients treated exclusively in native coronary arteries, 12.0% were implanted with BMS and 82.0% with DES. Long-term outcome analysis showed significantly better survival in patients treated with DES (DES 7.0% vs. BMS 24.0%, p<0.001), with progressive differences over time. These stents also demonstrated a tendency for lower TVF (DES 25.0% vs. BMS 31.0%, p=0.11), MI being similar between the groups (DES 10.0% vs. BMS 7.0%, p=0.84). In patients treated exclusively in SVGs (21.4% of BMS and 78.6% of DES) there were no differences regarding the use of DES or BMS. Nevertheless, BMS showed a tendency for lower MI (DES 7.0% vs. BMS 0%, p=0.09) and TVF (DES 32.0% vs. BMS 21.0%, p=0.12), with similar mortality (DES 11.0% vs. BMS 9.0%, p=0.46).
Figure 4. Comparative outcome subanalysis for type of stent implanted according to intervention strategy, for the predefined outcomes of death (a), myocardial infarction (b) and target vessel failure (c). Statistical test: Cox regression analysis. BMS: bare-metal stent; DES: drug-eluting stent; MI: myocardial infarction; PCI: percutaneous coronary intervention; SVG: saphenous vein graft; TVF: target vessel failure.
DiscussionCoronary artery bypass surgery remains the most effective treatment for complex multivessel disease, but its long-term results are affected by the short life expectancy of SVGs.1, 2 Nearly half of SVGs are occluded 10 years after implantation,3 making percutaneous revascularization of CABG patients a frequent procedure that represents 10–15% of interventions in most catheterization labs.27 Our study was aimed to clarify different therapeutic options regarding PCI of SVGs only, vs. PCI of native vessels only or a combined approach.
Concerning the intervention strategy and the question of where to intervene, in our study there were no differences in mortality, MI or TVF between patients revascularized in the saphenous graft, in the native coronary artery or in both territories. These results are in agreement with other published studies.8 Angioplasty of the SVG instead of the native vessel is feasible and safe and should be considered a valid option in selected cases, despite the expected higher difficulty of interventional maneuvers inside a vein graft and the higher risk of complications such as vein wall perforation and dislodgment and distal embolization of atherosclerotic and thrombotic material. The key element must be careful and individualized patient selection for each strategy, guided by angiographic indications of ischemia. In our population, operator-based decisions led preferentially to native vessel PCI (74.4%) rather than other strategies. This decision appeared not to be influenced by the patient's clinical status, since baseline characteristics were similar in the two subgroups (Table 2). Combined revascularization in both SVG and native vessel proved to be a good option in complex cases, with similar results despite the presence of more serious coronary disease and more extensive intervention.
Regarding the second issue, the most suitable type of stent, although PCI of coronary lesions with DES has been shown to be superior in several clinical scenarios, the pivotal trials which established the anti-restenotic effect of DES specifically excluded patients with vein graft disease due to its distinct and mostly unknown physiological environment.28 Studies on the effectiveness of DES in SVG disease are limited in number, population size, duration of follow-up, and, with only two exceptions – the RRISC and SOS trials, respectively with sirolimus and paclitaxel-eluting stents – are all retrospective. Most importantly, published results are conflicting, target vessel revascularization being the only endpoint for which DES consistently showed better results than BMS in SVG,5, 26 and even this is unsure in the long term, as seen in the DELAYED-RRISC trial.19
Our analysis showed different results in PCI performed in native vessels and in SVGs. In native coronary arteries DES showed significantly lower mortality (p<0.001) and a tendency for lower TVF at 27-month mean follow-up. These results underline the well-documented impact of antiproliferative agents in the prevention of stent restenosis, with consequent benefits in mortality and morbidity. However, our data suggest that in the setting of SVG angioplasty DES do not offer a significant clinical advantage over BMS. In SVG interventions BMS show similar long-term performance with regard to mortality and a tendency for better results in MI and TVF. These results mirror the findings of other published comparison data with long-term follow-up. Possible reasons for the non-inferiority of BMS in this setting are the slightly larger diameters of implanted BMS, the highly thrombotic milieu of saphenous grafts, with potential for a more pronounced inflammatory and thrombotic reaction after DES deployment, and the progressive nature of SVG disease, with a large proportion of events attributable to progression of disease in untreated segments rather than to restenosis.29 The need for long-term follow-up has become more evident in view of the recent results of the DELAYED RRISC trial, which reported a trend for more repeated revascularization procedures in the DES group after the first 6 months, probably reflecting a "late catch-up" phenomenon resulting in more frequent late and very late thrombosis and late restenosis than in native coronary arteries.19 The use of BMS in SVG PCI may therefore be preferable in this cohort of patients.
Study limitationsWe acknowledge several limitations to this study. First, the analysis was not pre-specified, and concerns a nonrandomized single-center population. Treatment selection was entirely at the discretion of each operator. Second, the long time frame for the inclusion criteria of this study group (five and a half years) may lead to confounding effects due to evolution of techniques and equipment. Third, the study is underpowered to detect significant differences in adverse events that occur infrequently, particularly in the exclusively SVG PCI subgroup. Finally, the outcome of patients with SVG disease is dependent on many variables (such as graft plaque volume, degree of graft degeneration and treatment techniques) that could not be accounted for in this retrospective analysis. A prospective, randomized study with angiographic follow-up is necessary to control for confounders. Despite these limitations, this study provides information collected in a large patient population, and reflects the actual clinical presentation and outcomes of SVG disease treatment in routine, daily practice.
ConclusionsIn patients with saphenous graft disease there were no significant long-term follow-up differences between intervention in SVGs and in native vessels. The choice between drug-eluting and bare-metal stents is related to intervention strategy: while in native vessel angioplasty DES should remain the first choice due to their survival advantage, in SVG intervention the use of BMS was not inferior.
Conflicts of interestThe authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.
Received 7 June 2011
Accepted 8 September 2011
Corresponding author. firstname.lastname@example.com
1.Parang P, Arora R. Coronary vein graft disease: pathogenesis and prevention. Can J Cardiol. 2009; 25:57-62.2.Brilakis E, Saeed B, Banerjee S. Use of drug-eluting stents in saphenous vein aortocoronary bypass graft lesions: a critical appraisal. J Interv Cardiol. 2008; 21:151-7.
3.Goldman S, Zadina K, Moritz T, et al. Long-term patency of saphenous vein and left internal mammary artery grafts after coronary artery bypass surgery: results from a Department of Veterans Affairs Cooperative Study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2004; 44:2149-56.
4.Hiscock M, Oqueli E, Dick R. Percutaneous saphenous vein graft intervention – a review. Heart Lung Circ. 2007; 16:S51-5.
5.Keeley E, Velez C, O'Neill W, et al. Long-term clinical outcome and predictors of major adverse cardiac events after percutaneous interventions on saphenous vein grafts. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2001; 38:659-65.
6.Sabik J, Blackstone E, Gillinov M, et al. Occurrence and risk factors for reintervention after coronary artery bypass grafting. Circulation. 2006; 114:454-60.
7.Pucelikova T, Mehran R, Kirtane A, et al. Short- and long-term outcomes after stent-assisted percutaneous treatment of saphenous vein grafts in the drug-eluting stent era. Am J Cardiol. 2008; 101:63-8.
8.Meliga E, García-García H, Kukreja N, et al. Chronic total occlusion treatment in post-CABG patients: saphenous vein graft versus native vessel recanalization – long term follow-up in the drug-eluting stent era. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. 2007; 70:21-5.
9.Hoffmann R, Hamm C, Nienaber CA, et al. Implantation of sirolimus-eluting stents in saphenous vein grafts is associated with high clinical follow-up event rates compared with treatment of native vessels. Coron Artery Dis. 2007; 18:559-64.
10.Savage M, Douglas J, Fischman D, et al. Stent placement compared with balloon angioplasty for obstructed coronary bypass grafts. Saphenous Vein De Novo (SAVED) trial. Engl J Med. 1997; 337:740-7.
11.Hanekamp CE, Koolen JJ, Den Heijer P, et al. Randomized study to compare balloon angioplasty and elective stent implantation in venous bypass grafts: The Venestent Study. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. 2003; 60:452-7.
12.De Feyter PJ, van Suylen R, de Jaegere PP, et al. Balloon angioplasty for the treatment of lesions in saphenous vein bypass grafts. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1993; 21:1539-49.
13.Vermeersch P, Agostoni P. Should degenerated saphenous vein grafts routinely be sealed with drug-eluting stents?. J Interv Cardiol. 2005; 18:467-73.
14.Brilakis E, Berger P. Should bare-metal or drug eluting stents be used during PCI of saphenous vein graft lesions: waiting for Godot?. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. 2008; 72:815-8.
15.Lee M, Shah A, Aragon J, et al. Drug-eluting stenting is superior to bare-metal stenting in saphenous vein grafts. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. 2005; 66:507-11.
16.Ramana R, Ronan A, Cohoon K, et al. Long-term clinical outcomes of real-world experience using sirolimus-eluting stents in saphenous vein graft disease. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. 2008; 71:886-93.
17.Brodie B, Wilson H, Stuckey T, et al. Outcomes with drug-eluting versus bare-metal stents in saphenous vein graft intervention. Results from the STENT (Strategic Transcatheter Evaluation of New Therapies) group. JACC Cardiovasc Interv. 2009; 2:1105-12.
18.Vermeersch P, Agostoni P, Verheye S, et al. Randomized double-blind comparison of sirolimus-eluting stent versus base-metal stent implantation in diseased saphenous vein grafts – The RRISC Trial. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2006; 48:2423-31.
19.Vermeersch P, Agostoni P, Verheye S, et al. Increased late mortality after sirolimus-eluting stents versus bare-metal stents in diseased saphenous vein grafts – The DELAYED RRISC Trial. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2007; 50:261-7.
20.Brilakis E, Lichtenwalter C, de Lemos J, et al. A randomized controlled trial of a paclitaxel-eluting stent versus a similar bare-metal stent in saphenous vein graft lesions – The SOS Trial. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2009; 53:919-28.
21.Chu W, Kuchulakanti P, Wang B, et al. Efficacy of sirolimus-eluting stents as compared to paclitaxel-eluting stents for saphenous vein graft intervention. J Interv Cardiol. 2006; 19:121-5.
22.Okabe T, Lindsay J, Buch A, et al. Drug-eluting stents versus bare-metal stents for narrowing in saphenous vein grafts. Am J Cardiol. 2008; 102:530-4.
23.Gioia G, Benassi A, Mohendra R, et al. Lack of clinical benefit with the use of a drug eluting stent compared to the use of a bare metal stent in saphenous vein grafts. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. 2008; 72:13-20.
24.Lozano I, García-Camarero T, Carrillo P, et al. Comparison of drug-eluting and bare-metal stents in saphenous vein grafts. Immediate and long-term results. Rev Esp Cardiol. 2009; 62:39-47.
25.Lee M, Yang T, Kandzari D, et al. Comparison by meta-analysis of drug-eluting stents and bare-metal stents for saphenous vein graft intervention. Am J Cardiol. 2010; 105:1076-82.
26.Sanchez-Recalde A, Jiménez Valero S, Moreno R, et al. Safety and efficacy of drug-eluting stents versus bare-metal stents in saphenous vein grafts lesions: a meta-analysis. Eurointervention. 2010; 6:149-60.
27.Baim DS. Percutaneous treatment of saphenous vein graft disease: the ongoing challenge. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2003; 42:1370-2.
28.Goswami N, Gaffigan M, Berrio G, et al. Long-term outcomes of drug-eluting stents versus bare-metal stents in saphenous vein graft disease: results from the Prairie "Real World" Stent Registry. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. 2010; 75:93-100.
29.Bansal D, Muppidi R, Singla S, et al. Percutaneous intervention on the saphenous vein bypass grafts – long-term outcomes. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. 2008; 71:58-61.
a Unidade de Intervenção Cardiovascular, Serviço de Cardiologia, Hospital de Santa Cruz/Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, Lisboa, Portugal


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The Subway Series, Boston-Washington and … Pittsburgh-Kansas City? Gleeman and I take a peek ahead to the weekend's action.
This video is no longer available. Click here to watch more NBC Sports videos!2 Comments (Feed for Comments)
- aceshigh11 - Jun 8, 2012 at 10:18 AM
C'mon, where's Tiffany??
I'm a software engineer…I already see enough pasty, bespectacled geeks every day (no offense, guys).
- proudlycanadian - Jun 8, 2012 at 2:42 PM
Tiffany is on vacation.
I am disappointed that Craig did not discuss the Blue Jays against the team they defeated for their first World Series. I guess that as a Braves fan, he put that series out of his memory bank.


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The impact of maternal celiac disease on birthweight and preterm birth: a Danish population-based cohort study.
Khashan AS; Henriksen TB; Mortensen PB; McNamee R; McCarthy FP; Pedersen MG; Kenny LC; Human Reproduction (Oxford, England), 2010, vol. 25, issue 2, p 528, ISSN 14602350. ISBN 14602350.
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Our fine line of decorative framed mirrors (ornate, rectangular, oval) and frameless wall mirrors are designed to compliment any decor. Whether in the bathroom, dressing area, hall or office, they add value and enhance your surroundings. The Creative Images brand of decorative mirrors offer the architect, designer, builder, hotelier, or homeowner the opportunity to reflect fine design and American made value in quality homes, hotels, or offices. Our styles are timeless and universal, with a full line of designer sizes and finishes. These mirrors compliment our other lines of mirror closet doors and bath cabinets. That's why our customers say... "Mirrors that Define All Others"...the CREATIVE IMAGES WAY!
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The Hot Stove
< The Hot Stove | 710 ESPN Seattle
January 28, 2014 - Hour: 1
Originally aired: Tuesday, January 28, 2014
Rick, Shannon and Dave talk to new Mariners president Kevin Mather about his plans for the team, including a large commitment to the Dominican academy, making it a top 3 facility. Mariners catcher Mike Zunino talks about his quick rise to the majors which he never even expected. He says he's kind of split on the idea of the new catcher's protection rules. Shannon, Rick and Dave talk about the role Kevin Mather will play in the organization as the new club president. Plus Bob Aylward is taking over the chairman of the board at ROOT Sports.Hear more from 'The Hot Stove':


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As retail losses due to employee theft continue to outpace shoplifting, retailers are looking more closely at cashier-monitoring technology. Homegrown and off-the-shelf software that sifts through point-of-sale data transaction by transaction has proven to be an effective tool in identifying suspicious trends in cashier behavior. However, as the systems become more sophisticated, it becomes more critical that the data in exception reports are interpreted correctly. "As we get more and more ...
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Microsoft says software that's licensed under GPLv3 isn't covered by the patent protection deal it recently signed with desktop Linux distributor Linspire.
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text: State Struggles To Expand Kids' Coverage Amid Budget Strain Tuesday, September 21, 2010 RELATED TOPICS: State Budget Medi-Cal Children's Health Coverage California's ongoing budget deadlock and previous funding reductions are preventing the state from fully participating in a federal campaign to enroll more uninsured children in government health insurance programs, American Medical News reports (Trapp, American Medical News, 9/20). Background A Health Affairs study published earlier this month found that nearly five million uninsured U.S. children qualified for the Children's Health Insurance Program or Medicaid in 2008 but were not enrolled in either program (California Healthline, 9/3). In California, about 700,000 uninsured children qualified for Medi-Cal or Healthy Families in 2008, the study found. Medi-Cal is California's Medicaid program and Healthy Families is California's CHIP. Following the release of the study, HHS Secretary Kathleen Sebelius challenged the nation to enroll more uninsured eligible children in CHIP and Medicaid. HHS is providing $120 million in grants to increase outreach for CHIP and Medicaid. The funding comes from the federal health reform law and the 2009 CHIP reauthorization. However, Sebelius noted that some states might lack the financial resources to significantly expand CHIP and Medicaid. No Rebound for Healthy Families California has been unable to expand Healthy Families after last year's multibillion dollar budget deficit prompted officials to freeze enrollment in the program between July 17, 2009, and Sept. 16, 2009. Kelly Hardy -- health policy director for advocacy group Children Now -- said enrollment in Healthy Families has not bounced back following the freeze. Medi-Cal Under Strain The number of children enrolled in Medi-Cal has declined recently from a high of 3.7 million on May 1 to 3.4 million on Sept. 1, according to California's Medicaid agency. In addition, California's current budget deadlock is preventing the state from issuing Medi-Cal payments to community health centers. Thomas Bent, immediate past president of the California Academy of Family Physicians, said the state also has cut back on support staff to assist patients with questions about Medicaid (American Medical News, 9/20). Lawmakers Raising Funds During Budget Impasse In related news, state lawmakers have racked up more than $6.9 million in campaign funds since the fiscal year began without a budget in place on July 1, the Los Angeles Times reports. For example, Assembly member Dave Jones (D- Sacramento) since July 1 has collected more than $570,000 in contributions to his campaign for the position of state insurance commissioner (Goldmacher, Los Angeles Times, 9/20). Broadcast Coverage On Friday, KQED's "California Report" reported on the state's ongoing fiscal crisis and lawmakers' attempts to revive budget negotiations (Myrow, "California Report," KQED, 9/20).


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Holiday Fashions for Fuller FiguresJessica Kane, founder of SKORCH digital magazine, joined us to share some fashion that help curvy women look fabulous for the holidays. For more information on fashionable dressing for fuller figures, visit SKORCH magazine's website. Most Popular |
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sacramento: Happy Hour??
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Is there still such a thing as happy hour in this town?
If there is, please share with me.
There's a few lists on Yelp about the happy hours around here. I'm looking around for a happy hour, too (preferably later in the evening, as I work in Elk Grove and it's hard to get downtown too quickly!), so I'm interested to see any answers.
re: Bubsy012
i like spataro but it's downtown and early i think
Not sure about Elk Grove. But McCormick and Schmick's has a GREAT and cheap happy hour downtown and in new Fountains shopping center in Roseville. Seafood pokie, ahi sashimi, great burgers, new menu every month and a full bar with rotating specials every month. It is more dinner than happy hour, but at a fraction of their regular dinner prices.
Also Il Fornaio, and Crush 29 are good standby's
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Scotts Seafood Bar at La Rivage has happy hour. I think from 4 - 6. On Thurs. nights they serve oysters for less $ too. Nice bar, good bartenders, even a patio overlooking the river.
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Have you tried cowtowneats.com?