text:
Traditions. UPS says delivery tomorrow. Dropped a hint tonight to son-in-law that something was in shipment, but didn't say what! :surprised: |
Got it today. Overall first impression is, not TC quality, but very cool looking and should be perfect for son-in-law. I'll put a picture of it over the weekend. |
try the trigger out? |
not yet got to head to work so I looked it over for any shippment damage and put back into the box. Son-in-law won't know a good trigger from a bad one. I will however, do a good once through tomorrow and see how the trigger is and everything else. It does look nice with all matching camo and the nickel finish barrel/receiver. When we get some decent weather we'll see how it shoots. I'll have to figure out the best hunting bullet/powder combination. I don't like pellets, however, to keep things very simple for someone's first ML, this may be the the case. |
For what i paid for the vortek i was impressed with the trigger.There was a little take up but then a good clean break. |
The Vortek UL I had, had a great trigger. |
New Traditions 1 Attachment(s) Hopefully the picture comes through. Has a pretty good light trigger pull! |
it does look pretty cool |
Looks cool!!!! |
Can't get any better at the$ u paid... with matching scope too.. b very nice. Keep us posted I,d like to hear all the pros n cons... |
All times are GMT -5. The time now is 06:09 AM. |


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A Plea for Help
To the Lakeside/Guadalajara Biker Community, we have a biker down and she needs your help.
Los Güeros First Annual Pay It Forward Event
As our VP Dave likes to say, Bikers need a cause. Your executive committee has decided we're going to hold a fund raising event annually. The theme/name of the event is Pay It Forward. There comes a time in all of our lives where we need help. Pay It Forward helps to put a little something away in the Karma bank.
Deb the secretary and treasurer of the Los Güeros motorcycle club has been told that she will have to lose her lower leg by amputation. Deb is suffering from scleroderma, or systemic sclerosis, is a chronic connective tissue disease generally classified as one of the autoimmune rheumatic diseases. Her medical bills up to this time trying to keep her leg has left their finances to low to be able to have this procedure done. Mike and Deb need our help.
Fundraiser, 26th of April
The club's executive is organizing a fund-raising dinner, concert and auction to be held at the Hotel Villa Montecarlo in Chapala on the 26th of April. The event is from 6:00 pm to whenever we close. We're looking for club members to go out and seek donations from local businesses, artists, travel agencies, service providers, whomever you can think of, to be auctioned off at the event.
Live and Silent Auction
Club members, please use the prepared form when meeting with business owners for their donated item(s). It's important that you complete the form fully and you and the person making the donation both sign the form.
Auction Items
This will be a growing list, but so far, we have:
- – Beaded earring set
- – Necklace and earring set, valued at $1200 Pesos
- – $700 Pesos value, 1 pedicure and 3 hair cuts
- Panederia Scandanavia – 3 loaves of bread ($162 Pesos value)
- New Look Studio – 1 pedicure and 2 manicures ($340 Pesos value)
- Los Güeros Lk. Chapala – Harley Davidson helment, brand new
- Lupe – Sony bluetooth music player, $100 USD value
- Adelitas Bar & Grill – $500 Pesos dinner for two gift certificate.
- Drishti Center – One month Unlimited Classes Membership, $800 Pesos value
Event Sponsor
We are very pleased to welcome eSun Energy as the major event sponsor. eSun has is donating $5,000 Pesos to the event. They will have a booth setup at the event as well, and we encourage you to go over and say hello. From personal experience, I installed a solar electric system at Nancy and my house in LaFloresta (you may have seen it when you were here for our party. We've done from having bills of a little over $5000 Pesos every two months to the CFE minimum charge of $37 Pesos! It's paid for itself already.
Live Entertainment
We will have local rockers Mike and the Suspects providing the music for the night. The band has waived their fee for the event. We are talking with other musicians in the area to see if they will be able to participate. So far, we have confirmed that Flip from the Tall Boys will sit in for a few tunes. Keep an eye on this post for updates!
Menu is Set
We have set the menu for the April 26th Fund Raiser. The meal is going to be buffet style. This ensures everyone's meal will be hot and fresh. We have done a fundraiser with the MonteCarlo before, and choose this menu based on the menu we had in the past. The food was excellent!
- Mixed spring greens salad
- Crudités of fresh veggies
- Fresh fruit al tequila
Main Course
- Roast loin of pork with mushroom gravy
- Bacon and carrot bundles
- Medley of cauliflower, mushrooms and broccoli
- Grilled sea bass almandine
- Roasted baby potatoes with rosemary
- Spanish rice
- Fresh buns and butter
- Pistachio panacotta
- Strawberry cheesecake
- Chocolate cake

subset: commoncrawl


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Most Liked Positive Review
Nice, if you can find a good one
Got one of these last week. I had to take all 5 off the shelf to find one that wasn't broken. On most of them the clamp wouldn't release or slide up and down...Read complete review
Got one of these last week. I had to take all 5 off the shelf to find one that wasn't broken. On most of them the clamp wouldn't release or slide up and down the track. On one of them the plastic clamp handle was cracked around where the metal pin connects it to the body of the clamp. I would recommend trying it out in the store and making sure everything works properly. And also greasing the metal rail the clamp slides on.
Most Liked Negative Review
Worked great.... once
I was really excited to get this, and the first cut I made with it had me sold. However, after that it would no longer clamp down. The mechanism seemed to work,...Read complete review
I was really excited to get this, and the first cut I made with it had me sold. However, after that it would no longer clamp down. The mechanism seemed to work, but any pressure and it would lose its grip and slip/loosen.I took it back and was told that it was my fault— that I had clamped it down too tight (?!). Ummm... yeah, it doesn't work like that. There is only one setting.You win some, you lose some. This time, I lost.
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(3 of 4 customers found this review helpful)
Clamp champ!
By Polarbear Dave
from Portland, OR
About Me Avid Do-It-Yourselfer
Comments about Pittsburgh 50 In Clamp and Cut Edge Guide:
I had been putting off getting this, but am really, really sorry I did. I got it from the store, after some reviews said to physically inspect. So I went down and looked at several - and just picked a random one, because they all were in perfect working order. I tried it out in the store, on a couple things, including the checkout counter, and when I got home, it has continued to work flawlessly! It really is nice having a stout, one step, fence for my battery powered skill saw to run against and make perfectly straight and true cuts. A couple things to watch for is over tightening (it has three levels for the locking handle to seat and the first one is almost too snug) and don't put too much force with your saw against it, as it will bow slightly throwing a slight arch in your finished cut line. Also, if you're using it as a straight edge for a pencil, take care to hold your pencil in the same verticle position the whole length of your line, as the edge that touches the surface of the material is slightly undercut.
Comment on this review
(10 of 11 customers found this review helpful)
By Captzeos
from Louisville KY
When clamping this to your work piece, I suggest that you put the locking handle on the opposite end of where you are sawing from. Reason being is that once you start sawing and leaning over the work piece there is a good chance you can hit the clamp lever and it will come loose and screw up your cut before you realize it. Happened to me and I thought I might pass it on to others. Also: Here is a simple jig you can make for using this with your saw. On your circular saw. Measure the base plate from the inside edge of the saw tooth to the edge of the plate that will be riding against the clamp edge. Cut a template out 1/4 stock (like temper board)and attach a spring hand clamp to it so you can clamp it next to the cutting line you measured, for a quick setting of your saw blade to clamp measurement. Make two and you can easily line up your saw from start to finish of your cut. Use a clamp with a opening gap wide enough for whatever you will be sawing.
Nice accurate toolIt
By Old School Handyman
from Tallahassee Fl
About Me Professional
See all my reviews
This works a lot better then clamping down is board to use as a straight-edge. Just make sure your measurements are correct & you square it up & you're good to go. also makes a nice router edge guide.
(3 of 3 customers found this review helpful)
Great product
By Jim the old car guy
from Columbia pa
very easy to use makes perfectly straight cuts wish they made an eight foot one
(11 of 13 customers found this review helpful)
Great cutting clamp!
By Chief 800
from MO
Purchased a couple weeks ago and used it yesterday for the first time. It's simple to adjust and held tight for a circular saw cut. I'll be buying the 24" size the next time I get to HB!
(13 of 13 customers found this review helpful)
Great Guide
By doraemon
from Colorado Springs, CO
Used it as guide to cut bottom of doors with circular saw. Works great, especially for the price.
(16 of 17 customers found this review helpful)
Works Great!
By Mike Gager
from Topeka Kansas
Just bought one of these on sale, hard to beat the price and it works great. Using mine as a guide to crosscut sheets of plywood/MDF with a circular saw. It has plenty of grip and is easy to adjust.
(7 of 8 customers found this review helpful)
This is GREAT CLAMP
By Steve89052
from Vegas
Usually I'm not a big fan of Harbor Freight tools. But I have to admit this one beautiful tool to use. This so much better then the ones that have the C-Clamps to hold the guide down. For the price you can't go wrong.
(11 of 11 customers found this review helpful)
Clamps well
By The cabinet maker
from Gainesville Florida
I would like to buy another one or two but can't find them in the store
Works decently well if you manage expectations.
By muztan
from Rio Rancho, NM
I've completed my first few sessions using this clamp edge and my circular saw to rip 1/2" birch plywood, and for less than $20 (on sale), it was well worth it. That said, as stated in my headline, you have to manage expectations accordingly. The handle is cheap plastic and with a careless forceful locking you can sense it will easily break. The bar is thin aluminum, and at 40+ inches it bends easily and can lock on the workpiece with gaps on the ends. While not a huge issue, if you're attempting precision cuts, you want the edge of the bar flush on the wood at all points. The solution? Hold down the far end with one hand while slowly and carefully locking the clamp with the other. I noticed the far end would sometimes walk a bit when I would engage the clamp, but after a couple of tries it would align correctly. Once locked, I never had issues with the bar walking during the cut pass. Overall, a good tool when it's better to rip large pieces with a hand tool than try to lay and guide them thru a table saw. Are there better and more solid edge clamp guides out there? Sure, but not for less than $30 - guaranteed.
Most orders will be processed and leave our warehouses within 1-2 business days from the time your order is placed. Orders placed on Saturday or Sunday will be processed on Monday.
*Overweight items are shipped via freight delivery, please allow up to 15 business days for shipping. Standard Ground Shipping rates apply to deliveries within the continental Unites States.
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Why We Are What We Wear
By Paul Fussell
(Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, Hardcover, 9780618067466, 224pp.)
Publication Date: November 2002
Other Editions of This Title: Paperback
Shop Local
Enter your zip code below to find indies closest to you.
From Boy Scouts to soldiers, nurses to UPS workers, chefs to nuns, Paul Fussell describes, in sharp and telling anecdotes, the history and meanings of various uniforms. He reveals their secret language and unfolds their cultural significance. Focusing on the American scene, he holds up a mirror to the folks who head off to work each morning in regulated clothing and charts the fault lines of the desire for conformity and individuality. In examining the way uniforms unite and divide us, he ranges over the globe, describing, among other things, the Russian love of shoulder boards, the German obsession with black, and the Italian enthusiasm for feathered military hats. According to Fussell, we are what we wear, and sometimes our get-ups say surprising things.
Uniforms is vintage Fussell a blend of vinegar and grace, of keen cultural insight and hilarious wit, equal parts spoof and illuminating social analysis.
Paul Fussell is the author of, among other works, Class and The Great War and Modern Memory, which won both the National Book Award and the National Book Critics Circle Award and was named by the Modern Library as one of the twentieth century's one hundred best nonfiction books. He lives in Philadelphia.
"Full of pugnacious observations and intellectual insights . . . Paul Fussell is back, and he's feisty as ever." --Rebecca Denton Bookpage
"Fussell's funny, touching insights spring from an unmistakable compassion for people's need to feel 'the comfort and vanity of belonging.'" Publishers Weekly
"I love a man in uniform! . . . Fussell embroiders on why we are what we wear." --Elissa Schappell Vanity Fair
"Fussell turns his sharp eye and even sharper wit to the standardized dress..." --Time Out New York
"...very smart, very funny..." --Malcolm Jones Newsweek
"Perfect holiday gift for anyone who wears clothes -- and one size fits all." --James A Butler The Philadelphia Inquirer


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Featured Authors: G. Rynk, iVenkataraman Gopalakrishnan, iTom Hyland, iPinckney Rivers, iJoe Bueno, iPaul Williams, iGeorge Cunningham, i
Sitemap My Blog Success Story Contact Author Read Reviews Books· My Dog Is My Hero· Where The Redwing Sings· Through Katrina's Eyes, Poems from an Animal Rescuer's Soul· Mystery of Madera Canyon· Cemetery Island· Gold River Canyon· Curious Creatures - Wondrous Waifs, My Life with AnimalsShort Stories· The Easter Skunk· The Dog At The Drive-Thru Window· Home For The Holidays· Two Bonded Street Orphans, In From The Cold· A Survivor's Tale· Pigs, Turtles, and Bugs!· Gentle Cemetery Dog Finally Safe· Freezing, Starving, and Scared· A Home For The Holidays· The Dog On The TracksArticles· I Am a Dog, Not a Thing· Ghost Dog Rescued From Hot Dog Stand· February is 'National Spay/Neuter Awareness' Month· The 2014 Home 4 The Holidays Campaign· Saving Our Canine Vets, This Veterans Day· November is 'Adopt-A-Senior-Pet' Month· National Pit Bull Awareness Day· Keep Your Pets Safe This Halloween· October is 'Adopt-A-Dog' Month· Pet Theft Is On The RisePoetry· A Walk With Dogs· Earth Day Blues· What Have We Become· The Victims of Our Cruelty· The Shredding Machine· Happy Easter From Valentino· A Woodland Chat· Happy First Day of Spring!· Mud Pups· Our Self-Centered Society More poetry...News· Chicken Soup for the Soul: Loving Our Dogs· The Daily Mews· Where The Redwing Sings· Another Review For Curious Creatures-Wondrous Waifs· Recipient of the 2006 Merial Human-Animal Bond Award· International Writing Award· My Animal Book Wins an Award
During WWII, public sentiment grew to help our valiant veterans return to civilian life. Most of these veterans had served for a very long duration, four years or more. Some 671,8l7 men and women had been wounded, and 405,399 had been killed. Hundreds of thousands of their dependents were left in need.
Congress responded in 1944, with the Servicemen's Readjustment Act, or 'GI Bill of Rights.' This bill, which dramatically transformed the concept of veteran benefits, was signed into law by President Roosevelt on June 22nd. There were three key provisions:
Four Years of Education or Training
Federally Guaranteed Home, Farm, and Business Loans, with No Down Payment
Unemployment Compensation
These new benefits were extremely popular with our veterans, and with the American public. When the World War II GI Bill program ended in 1956, some 7.8 million former military personnel had received some kind of formal training, and the Veterans Administration had guaranteed 5.9 million home loans totaling $50.1 billion.
This GI Bill of Rights transformed the economy and the society of the United States. And the dreams of higher education and home ownership became realities for millions of our valiant veterans and their families. This GI Bill contributed more than any other program in history to the welfare of our veterans and their families, and to the growth of our nation's economy.
Today, it is very sadly, a far different story.
The current GI Bill is woefully lacking; our veterans must wait months for medical care; and many of them cannot find post military employment; and many of them are now very sadly joining the ranks of the homeless because of this.
On his first day in office, Sen. Jim Webb (D-Va.) introduced the Post-9/11 Veterans Educational Assistance Act (S. 22), to update the 20-year-old peacetime GI Bill, with 21st Century realities.
Yet now, more than 15 months later, only half of the Senate, and only one-fourth of the House, have endorsed this needed legislation.
There is nothing controversial about S. 22 or its companion bill in the House, H.R. 2702. They would simply provide our troops with a new GI Bill that is far more representative of today's costs of education in our nation's colleges and universities.
The current GI Bill accounts for only 50 percent of the average cost of college today, and the benefit for Guard and Reserve members is drastically less. S. 22 would pay the highest in-state public institution rate, plus cover books and fees, and provide a cost-of-living stipend. It would also delete and refund the $1,200 enrollment fee, significantly increase Guard and Reserve benefits, and provide a dollar-for-dollar tuition match for those private institutions who choose to participate.
A very good GI Bill awaited America's WW II generation, to both recognize their service and to invest in their potential. So why won't our leaders today, who tout today's military men and women as America's Newest Greatest Generation, pass a new GI Bill for the 21st Century?
Simply put, most of our leaders today do not want to spend very much money on our veterans. Period. They'd rather spend it on Pork Barrel Projects in their home states.
Many of them say the $2 billion estimated annual cost to implement S. 22 is too much; that there are other greater priorities for government funding; and that the cost of this new GI Bill wouldn't be palpable to the general public.
I say that's a Big Bunch of Bull.
Most of our leaders today love to give public speeches about how great America's veterans are; yet behind closed doors, they delight in cutting their benefits, or denying them better benefits, each and every chance they get.
True leaders throughout history have held dear one very basic premise: Take care of your troops, and they will take care of the mission. Ignore your troops, and less and less will proudly serve.
As we now mark five bloody years of war in Iraq, and approach seven years in Afghanistan, those in positions of authority would do well to remember that.
And we as a nation would do well to remember it, come Election Day.
Please check a politician's voting record on veteran benefits, before you give him or her another chance to deny, once again, our valiant veterans, what each and every one of them truly deserve.
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CSRlive is an interactive forum to share articles, video, audio and commentary relating to corporate citizenship, sustainability, and socially responsible initiatives. To learn more, click here.
Asia is on track in the next few decades to become the oldest region in the world.
You know Sponge Pockets, but do you know Kruger Products?
CEOs realize that the sustainability of the business is directly tied to the sustainability of market share, core resources, attracting and retaining the...
Making the business case for sustainability is essential when meeting with a CFO.
Virgin metal companies said steel recycling would never get very far. It did. So can plastic follow in its footsteps?
As businesses' approaches to sustainability matures, leaders will find their attention drawn towards company specific risk-based thinking objectives.
Report finds some companies wasting time and money on ineffective reporting
The edited-text version of a "10 Words or Less" interview with Joel Makower, founder of GreenBiz.com. Comments range from Woodward and Bernstein to...
Blog | Sustainability , posted by Michael
The Global Reporting Initiative has launched a project aimed at promoting an international discussion about the future of sustainability reporting and disclosures.
The sustainability job market is growing, with candidates getting multiple offers while employers struggle to fill positions. Here are three changes to expect


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Ally, Mustafa and Darroch, Fiona and Toleman, Mark (2005) A framework for understanding the factors influencing pair programming success. In: 6th International Conference, XP 2005, Jun 2005, Sheffield, UK.
PDF (Accepted Manuscript)
Ally_Darroch_Toleman_XP2005_AM.pdf Download (147Kb) |
Pair programming is one of the more controversial aspects of several Agile system development methods, in particular eXtreme Programming (XP). Various studies have assessed factors that either drive the success or suggest advantages (and disadvantages) of pair programming. In this exploratory study the literature on pair programming is examined and factors distilled. These factors are then compared and contrasted with those discovered in our recent Delphi study of pair programming. Gallis et al. (2003) have proposed an initial framework aimed at providing a comprehensive identification of the major factors impacting team programming situations including pair programming. However, this study demonstrates that the framework should be extended to include an additional category of factors that relate to organizational matters. These factors will be further refined, and used to develop and empirically evaluate a conceptual model of pair programming (success).
Statistics for this ePrint Item |
Item Type: | Conference or Workshop Item (Commonwealth Reporting Category E) (Paper) |
Refereed: | Yes |
Item Status: | Live Archive |
Additional Information: | Deposited in accordance with the copyright policy of the publisher. Copyright 2005 Springer. This is the authors' version of the work. It is posted here with permission of the publisher for your personal use. No further distribution is permitted. The item is also available as Lecture Notes in Computer Science v. 3556 at http://www.springerlink.com |
Depositing User: | epEditor USQ |
Faculty / Department / School: | Historic - Faculty of Business - Department of Information Systems |
Date Deposited: | 11 Oct 2007 00:17 |
Last Modified: | 02 Jul 2013 22:31 |
Uncontrolled Keywords: | pair programming, extreme programming (XP) |
Fields of Research (FOR2008): | 08 Information and Computing Sciences > 0803 Computer Software > 080399 Computer Software not elsewhere classified 08 Information and Computing Sciences > 0803 Computer Software > 080304 Concurrent Programming |
URI: | http://eprints.usq.edu.au/id/eprint/224 |
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Saddam receives cable from Sudanese President
More >
Iraq's President Saddam Hussein received a cable from Sudanese counterpart Omar Hassan Ahmed Al-Basheer, in response to a prior cable sent by Hussein on the occasion of Sudan's independence day.
INA reported Saturday that the Sudanese President wished Saddam Hussein good health and happiness and the Iraqi people further progress and prosperity. (Albawaba.com)
© 2003 Al Bawaba (www.albawaba.com)


text:
Capacity: 42
Type: dorm
Room Options: Singles, Doubles, Triples
Amenities: Standard amenities (desk, dresser, chair), color accent wall in room, window seats (available in some rooms), standard-sized twin beds, inside bike storage, study rooms
Resident Advisors: 2
Administrator: 1
Features: Frerichs is our one substance-free hall and students pledge to not use first- or second-hand substances. Frerichs Hall is located close to the athletic facilities, post office, library and dining hall. Nearby halls include Anderson, Elkinton, Hewitt, Larsell, Mahaffey, Memorial and Terrell. All residence halls have card swipe access for outside doors, public call boxes, laundry facilities, lounge with TV, expanded basic cable, wireless internet as well as ethernet, kitchen and recycling facilities.
Click here to see the floor plan.


text:
"Advanced Micro Devices this week quietly updated its official price-list and published the new prices of its A-series accelerated processing units. In addition to updating its official price-list, AMD also notified several web-sites about price-cuts on low-end models not listed at the company's web-site.
"Computer scientists have unveiled a computer chip that turns traditional thinking about mathematical accuracy on its head by fudging calculations.
The Rice University researchers say their "inexact" chip could be useful because it uses dramatically less power than conventional accurate processors.
The scientists claim the prototypes unveiled are 15 times more efficient because they allow occasional errors and could be used in some applications without having a negative effect."
"IDC has slashed its processor shipment forecast for 2011 due to slow demand in the US and Europe. Global processor sales are expected to grow by 9.3 percent, down from 10.3 percent originally forecasted this year. CPU shipments dropped sequentially by 2.9 percent, while sales were down 4 percent compared to Q1.Year-on-year shipments were a tad stronger, with 0.6 percent growth..."
"The guys from Donanimhaber.com managed to score some slides revealing the performance of the upcoming Sandy Bridge-E processor series, or to be precise, the flaghsip Core i7-3960X Extreme Edition. In general, the new Sandy Bridge-E is around 47% faster on average when compared to Intel's current top offer, the Core i7-990X Extreme Edition.."
AMD has announced that they will be supporting the FOSS (GPL) bios Coreboot! This is a huge win for enthusiast builders. This means that those crazy hackers can get down to making custom overclocking or gaming-tuned features.
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text:
Sula Theme of Betrayal
Betrayal rears its ugly head throughout Sula. It characterizes many of the relationships in the story and propels much of the action. And like loyalty, betrayal appears in different ways. There is betrayal in the traditional sense, in which one person is disloyal to another; but betrayal also happens unwittingly and results from differences of opinion about some of life's greatest issues. In these cases, the betrayal isn't deliberate, but it hurts just as much.
Questions About Betrayal
- Is Sula's betrayal of Nel worse than Jude's betrayal? Why or why not?
- Do Sula's actions toward Eva reflect a betrayal of sorts?
- Does Nel ever engage in acts of betrayal?
Chew on This
Try on an opinion or two, start a debate, or play the devil's advocate.
Betrayal is vital to the story, since it creates the major conflict and propels much of the narrative.
Betrayal, while important, is secondary to the close friendship Nel and Sula share.
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Writer in Residence Cherie Dimaline hosts a panel discussion on the challenges, successes and resources for multicultural Toronto writers and poets. Featuring workshop leaders, grant agencies, foundations and organizations co...
Writer in Residence Cherie Dimaline hosts a workshop on accessing grants to develop your literary work. With representatives and information from the Toronto Arts Council, Ontario Arts Council and the Canada Council for the A...
The Older Women's Network invites women, midlife and older, to meet in Room 2/3 and share views and ideas about selected books. The focus is on feminist issues. New members welcome....
Wed May 06
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The Older Women's Network invites women, midlife and older, to meet in Room 2/3 and share views and ideas about selected books. The focus is on feminist issues. New members welcome....
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For a stimulating book discussion, join a librarian to discuss and share your views with others on contemporary books. Tuesdays, 7-8:30 p.m. Room location will vary. To check for location and to register, please call 416-395-...
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Join Writer in Residence Cherie Dimaline and acclaimed public readers and authors as they walk you through the dreaded public reading, a reality for anyone putting out a book. Please call 416 395 5639 to register for this FRE...
All are welcome who are interested in learning about, sharing and discussing diverse collections of poetry. Drop-in.
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text:
Gerard Way
"This sh*t is easy peasy pumpkin peasy. Pumpkin pie, motherf**ker!"
"Vegetables are a must on a diet. I suggest carrot cake, zucchini bread, and pumpkin pie."
Jim Davis
"He said, you want pumpkins? We'll send you pumpkins. Ever since we've called him mayor-peter-peter-pumpkin-sender,"
Linda Holden
"I would rather sit on a pumpkin, and have it all to myself, than be crowded on a velvet cushion"
Henry David Thoreau
"I was something that lay under the sun and felt it, like the pumpkins, and I did not want to be anything more. I was entirely happy. Perhaps we feel like that when we die and become a part of something entire, whether it is sun and air, or goodness and knowledge."
Willa Sibert Cather
"We generally have about 60 different growers that bring pumpkins each year."
Nikki Hunt


text:
- 2.5-hour Florence gourmet food tour, led by a local food-loving guide
- Savor a glass of prosecco and a truffle panini in a top delicatessen
- Sample artisan chocolate and prestigious Tuscan olive oils
- Learn about the region's gastronomic history while enjoying a gelato
- Finish inside a wine bar, enjoying a glass of Chianti and focaccia bread
- Small-group tour with a maximum of 12 people ensures personalized attention
Recent Photos of This Tour
What You Can Expect
Start with a visit to a delicatessen that specializes in foraging and selling truffles, one of the region's highly prized natural ingredients. Sip on a glass of zesty crisp prosecco (the Italian's answer to Champagne) and soak up the bubbles with a panino tartufato – a delicate pâté sandwich seasoned to perfection with slivers of the gourmet fungi.
Stroll to an artisan chocolate shop nearby and treat your sweet tooth to a chocolate-tasting session. Savor silky-soft nuggets of the sweet treat, noting the rich flavors present in high-quality chocolate, and then head out of the shop to visit an olive oil boutique.
Popular with locals and visitors alike, the high-end shop specializes in the sale of quality Tuscan olive oils and balsamic vinegars. Sit down for a tasting with the shop's charming owner and learn about the different varieties of fruity and piquant oils on offer.
Take a wander along the pretty cobblestone alleyways that make up the backstreets of the city, and stop for a gelato from a locally loved gelateria before winding up inside a wine bar. Sip on a glass of Chianti – one of Tuscany's typically robust and tannic reds – and nibble on chunks of warm focaccia bread to finish your foodie adventure.
Customer Reviews
April 2015
Great tour, most recommended
March 2015
After the Uffizi the day before, we wanted to do something different and this tour did not disappoint. Although we did not taste any chocolates, everything else was amazing. The guide was very good and the time passed so quickly. You MUST try the mozzarella gelato.


text:
Simon Cowell Bans Auto-Tune From X Factor
It's part of his "What Would Jay-Z Do?" life outlook.
READ MORE »It's part of his "What Would Jay-Z Do?" life outlook.
READ MORE »American version of the show due in 2011.
READ MORE »When Simon Cowell splits from 'American Idol' at the end of this season to launch a U.S.-based 'X Factor' in 2011, he'll leave some pretty low-cut shirts to fill.
READ MORE »Don't go underestimating Cowell.
READ MORE »Sadly, that wasn't the worst part of her performance of "Million Dollar Bill."
READ MORE »Rupert Murdoch better start preparing to empty his pocketbooks.


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April 29, 2011 by @notalemming
"America's GAS-ROOTS movement" JOIN US >>>> http://www.facebook.com/event.php?eid=197324990309059 COPY THE EMBED CODE BELOW & SHARE THIS VIDEO ON YOUR BLOG <object width="400″ height="300″ ><param name="allowfullscreen" value="true" /><param name="movie" value="http://www.facebook.com/v/10150237098356070″ />http://www.facebook.com/v/10150237098356070</object> Related articles Gas Pump Sticky Note Campaign Gaining Steam (via Nice Deb) (wdednh.wordpress.com) The 'Hope and Change' 'Sticky Note Campaign' is growing (yourdaddy.net) Gas Pump Sticky […]
April 26, 2011 by @notalemming
Free Gas….. if you Qualify for Welfare! Yeppers! You read that right. Now not only is Obama making sure that everyone gets on Food Stamps so he can control how much food you get rationed, oh its coming count on it. Now you have über liberal Massachusetts, (RINO ROMENYS STATE) giving away gasoline. So now […]
Don LeBaron on Liberty and the Ancient Law
America's Clear and Present Danger is our Government
The World's Only Reliable News
illuminating minds
Welcome to my little part of the Vapesphere
RADAR, Satellite, Solar, Earthquake, and Radiation Links
Defending Life, Liberty and the Pursuit of Happiness
Random Offensive Conservative Commentary
America needs saving
Startup and Technology News
America's News Feed
Talk Host on The Blaze Radio Network
In-Depth News And Analysis
DISPATCHES FROM THE CAMP OF THE SAINTS [DHS-Certified Rightwing Extremist / White House Certified 'Fishy' / Carter-Certified Raaaaacist! / Kafir]


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- A male gamer
- Pitcairn
- Joined on February 11th 2008, last online on 20 March 2014.
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Recent Wall Posts
View moreVote for your favorite Comic Book Movie of 2013, and check out the OP:
Top 18 Movies of Summer 2013 Thread:
Star Wars episode 7,8,9, & solos Thread:
Hello! You are cordially invited to join our community for the fourth, and likely last, Wii Secret Santa event! If you're interested, just PM me or post in this thread:
by December 20th.
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Either way, have a happy holiday season, and see you around the forums!
You should do one of your famous reviews on this movie.
I noticed you don't post much
i noticed your big daddy avy and thought you might like these 3 bioshock boss threads you may be interested in
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View moreWhat does Putin want with Ukraine
in Politics Discussion on 03 March 2014russian government and overlord putin are two-faced lying fascist thugs with no respect for international law, international treaties, or the truth....
Am I broken as a person?
in General Discussion on 03 March 2014http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emotional_detachment...
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in Movies Discussion on 21 December 2013this movie sucked. for every minute that was interesting there were 6 minutes where i was so bored i wished i had something sharp to poke myself with just so i could stay entertained. ...
Height: 0'0
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The following is an abstract for the selected article. A PDF download of the full text of this article is available here. Members may download full texts at no charge. Non-members may be charged a small fee for certain articles.
A Continuous, Pumpless Flow Cell for Inert-Gas-Protected Spectroscopic Measurements
Volume 41, Number 7 (Oct. 1987) Page 1260-1261
Dzugan, T.P.; Aartsma, T.J.
In absorbance and luminescence experiments the sample is often susceptible to photodecomposition in the presence of oxygen and, therefore, needs to be degassed and flowed through the sample excitation cell. One usually accomplishes degassing by bubbling an inert gas through the sample, while a peristaltic pump or syringe pump is normally used to propel the sample through the excitation cell. We have, however, developed a pumpless flow system which utilizes inert gas pressure to maintain a continuous sample flow while simultaneously deaerating the sample solution.


text:
Good beginner felted bag pattern???
I am looking for a beginner felted bag pattern, but for a bag big enough to hold a project or two. I got a small pattern book for two felted totes by "something old bags???" (it is not in front of me) and I totally do not understand the directions. Trip to my LYS is in order. If anyone here has some great patterns, please let me know.
I just wanted to say I also just got a "two old bags "pattern and its like a reading jibberish I dont get it I have hopes but not sure either , I also would like some thing simple and large felted but dont have one either so if you get something going let me know ok
I loved Fibertrends 'Fabulous Felted Totes' pattern. It's not a freebie, but believe the cost was about $5 and the pattern has three sizes of totes to knit. It's super simple as the bottom is knit in the round too, no stitches to pick up. When finished felting you shape it to get the bottom flat.
The Booga Bag pattern is very easy too, but you do make the bottom separately and pick up the stitches before knitting in the round. And it's free. :) http://www.blacksheepbags.com/booga_bag.html It's rather small though for what you're wanting it for. When I first started knitting I bought the Two Old Bags, bag pattern and couldn't make sense of it either. Thankfully I didn't stress too much over it as our new puppy took a liking to it and shredded it! :shock: :lol: |
More .......
I never realised there were quite SO many ... I will be posting them in the pattern section too http://www.cu-needleworks.com/Patter...monroe_bag.htm http://www.cu-needleworks.com/Patter...bucket_bag.htm http://www.masondixonknitting.com/ See 24 Jan http://www.roxycraft.com/small_felted_clutch.htm http://www.diynet.com/diy/na_knittin...033587,00.html http://www.diynet.com/diy/na_knittin...033592,00.html http://www.diynet.com/diy/na_knittin...033593,00.html The above 3 go together http://freefriends.org/~mare/pattern1.html http://majorknitter.typepad.com/phot...ns/bag_10.html http://www.needlebeetle.com/fionasfr...free/fbag.html http://yarnxpress.safeshopper.com/286/cat286.htm?232 http://home.earthlink.net/~brooks7/pats/BelleBag.pdf http://home.earthlink.net/~brooks7/pats/ElleBag.pdf http://gazetteonline.com/blogs/insti...10/18/373.aspx http://ballz.ababa.net/frenchmarket/FMB_mini.html http://feltdesigns.com/id31.htm Scroll down to get the free pattern http://home.earthlink.net/~bruxknits/pats/LouiseBag.pdf |
Thanks for everyone's replys, especially CCx, wow, what a great bunch ofwebsites! I really appreciate it!
All times are GMT -4. The time now is 12:54 AM. |
copyright knittinghelp.com


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License & Identifications
A medical license is required for a doctor to practice medicine in a particular state. Requirements vary by state but most require, at a minimum, post-graduate training in the doctor's specific specialty. An NPI number is a national identifier unique to an individual health care provider and is managed by the Center for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS).
Learn more about Dr. Stephen Smith:
View the full profile to get information on:
- Qualifications
- What's important to you
View full profile
Education & Awards
Dr. Smith graduated from University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia.
Similar doctors nearby
- Additional Information
- Dr. Stephen David Smith DDS and DMD is a male dentist and practices in Family Dentistry.
- Where does Dr. Stephen D. Smith practice?
- Dr. Stephen Smith has 1 office location.
Dr. Stephen Smith practices Family Dentistry near Paoli, PA.
See Paoli Dentists.


text:
The Insurance Commission of the Philippines set the schedules of releasing of checks for the Prudentialife Planholders. Please be guided accordingly with the schedules of check release.
Due to a huge number of inquiries regarding the list of policy numbers, we are providing you the details gathered from the Insurance Commission website, but we are not in any way connected to Prudentialife and the Insurance Commission.
Check release will start at around 8:00 AM and end at 8:00 PM everyday, except Sundays.
Venue: PPI Head Office along Gamboa Street, Legazpi Village, Makati City.
Note: Checks will be released to the planholders in accordance with the timetable. Schedule of check release be respected for orderly proceedings. Planholders not yet scheduled to receive their checks will not be accommodated.
The Insurance Commission strongly suggest that planholders call 840-0074 to 75, or email email@example.com or firstname.lastname@example.com beforehand so that they may be given an idea of the amounts they will be receiving, in order to make better-informed decisions regarding how they will claim their respective checks.
Here's the schedule of Check Release: Click the link for PDF
Start Date of Release | Batch | Comments/Plans |
15-Aug-13 | Batch 1 — 60,000 checks | Education |
Memorial | ||
Pension | ||
27-Aug-13 | Batch 2 — 60,000 checks | Education |
Memorial | ||
Pension | ||
3-Sep-13 | Batch 3 — 60,000 checks | Education |
Memorial | ||
Pension | ||
12-Sep-13 | Batch 4 — 60,000 checks | Education |
Memorial | ||
Pension |
List of Updated Checks with Corresponding Figures:


text:
The Growth of
in the United States
Exploring Causes and Consequences
Committee on Causes and Consequences of High Rates of Incarceration
Jeremy Travis, Bruce Western, and Steve Redburn, Editors
Committee on Law and Justice
Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education
Washington, D.C.
Below are the first 10 and last 10 pages of uncorrected machine-read text (when available) of this chapter, followed by the top 30 algorithmically extracted key phrases from the chapter as a whole.
Intended to provide our own search engines and external engines with highly rich, chapter-representative searchable text on the opening pages of each chapter.
Because it is UNCORRECTED material, please consider the following text as a useful but insufficient proxy for the authoritative book pages.
Do not use for reproduction, copying, pasting, or reading; exclusively for search engines.
OCR for page R1
The Growth of
in the United States
Exploring Causes and Consequences
Committee on Causes and Consequences of High Rates of Incarceration
Jeremy Travis, Bruce Western, and Steve Redburn, Editors
Committee on Law and Justice
Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education
OCR for page R1
THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS 500 Fifth Street, NW Washington, DC 20001
NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Govern-
ing Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the
councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineer-
ing, and the Institute of Medicine. The members of the committee responsible for
the report were chosen for their special competences and with regard for appropri-
ate balance.
This study was supported by Award No. 11-99472-000-USP from the MacArthur
Foundation and Award No. 201I-DJ-BX-2029 from the U.S. Department of Jus-
tice. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this
publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the
organizations or agencies that provided support for the project.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
The growth of incarceration in the United States : exploring causes and
consequences / Committee on Causes and Consequences of High Rates of
Incarceration, Jeremy Travis and Bruce Western, editors, Committee on Law
and Justice, Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education. National
Research Council of the National Academies.
pages cm
Includes bibliographical references.
ISBN 978-0-309-29801-8 (pbk.) — ISBN 0-309-29801-6 (pbk.) 1.
Imprisonment—United States. 2. Prisoners—United States--Social conditions.
3. Criminal justice, Administration of—United States. I. Travis, Jeremy.
II. Western, Bruce, 1964- III. National Research Council (U.S.). Committee on
Law and Justice.
Additional copies of this report are available from the National Academies Press,
500 Fifth Street, NW, Keck 360, Washington, DC 20001; (800) 624-6242 or (202)
334-3313; http://www.nap.edu.
Copyright 2014 by the National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
Printed in the United States of America
Suggested citation: National Research Council. (2014). The Growth of Incar-
ceration in the United States: Exploring Causes and Consequences. Committee on
Causes and Consequences of High Rates of Incarceration, J. Travis, B. Western, and
S. Redburn, Editors. Committee on Law and Justice, Division of Behavioral and
Social Sciences and Education. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
OCR for page R1
The National Academy of Sciences is a private, nonprofit, self-perpetuating society
of distinguished scholars engaged in scientific and engineering research, dedicated to
the furtherance of science and technology and to their use for the general welfare.
Upon the authority of the charter granted to it by the Congress in 1863, the Acad-
emy has a mandate that requires it to advise the federal government on scientific
and technical matters. Dr. Ralph J. Cicerone is president of the National Academy
of Sciences.
The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964, under the charter
of the National Academy of Sciences, as a parallel organization of outstanding en-
gineers. It is autonomous in its administration and in the selection of its members,
sharing with the National Academy of Sciences the responsibility for advising the
federal government. The National Academy of Engineering also sponsors engineer-
ing programs aimed at meeting national needs, encourages education and research,
and recognizes the superior achievements of engineers. Dr. C. D. Mote, Jr., is presi-
dent of the National Academy of Engineering.
The Institute of Medicine was established in 1970 by the National Academy of
Sciences to secure the services of eminent members of appropriate professions in
the examination of policy matters pertaining to the health of the public. The Insti-
tute acts under the responsibility given to the National Academy of Sciences by its
congressional charter to be an adviser to the federal government and, upon its own
initiative, to identify issues of medical care, research, and education. Dr. Harvey V.
Fineberg is president of the Institute of Medicine.
The National Research Council was organized by the National Academy of Sci-
ences in 1916 to associate the broad community of science and technology with the
Academy's purposes of furthering knowledge and advising the federal government.
Functioning in accordance with general policies determined by the Academy, the
Council has become the principal operating agency of both the National Academy
of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering in providing services to the
government, the public, and the scientific and engineering communities. The Coun-
cil is administered jointly by both Academies and the Institute of Medicine. Dr.
Ralph J. Cicerone and Dr. C. D. Mote, Jr., are chair and vice chair, respectively, of
the National Research Council.
OCR for page R1
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JEREMY TRAVIS (Chair), John Jay College of Criminal Justice, City
University of New York
BRUCE WESTERN (Vice Chair), Department of Sociology and Kennedy
School of Government, Harvard University
JEFFREY A. BEARD, California Department of Corrections and
ROBERT D. CRUTCHFIELD, Department of Sociology, University of
TONY FABELO, Justice Center, Council of State Governments,
Lexington, KY
MARIE GOTTSCHALK, Department of Political Science, University of
CRAIG W. HANEY, Department of Psychology and Program in Legal
Studies, University of California, Santa Cruz
RICARDO H. HINOJOSA, U.S. District Court, Southern District of
GLENN C. LOURY, Department of Economics, Brown University
SARA S. MCLANAHAN, Center for Research on Child Wellbeing,
Princeton University
LAWRENCE M. MEAD, Department of Politics, New York University
KHALIL GIBRAN MUHAMMAD, Schomburg Center for Research in
Black Culture, New York City Public Library
DANIEL S. NAGIN, Heinz College, Carnegie Mellon University
DEVAH PAGER, Department of Sociology and Kennedy School of
Government, Harvard University
ANNE MORRISON PIEHL, Department of Economics and Program in
Criminal Justice, Rutgers University
JOSIAH D. RICH, Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, Brown
University, and Center for Prisoner Health and Human Rights, The
Miriam Hospital, Providence, RI
ROBERT J. SAMPSON, Department of Sociology, Harvard University
HEATHER ANN THOMPSON, Department of History, Temple
MICHAEL TONRY, School of Law, University of Minnesota
AVELARDO VALDEZ, School of Social Work, University of Southern
STEVE REDBURN, Study Director
MALAY MAJMUNDAR, Senior Program Officer
JULIE ANNE SCHUCK, Senior Program Associate
BARBARA BOYD, Administrative Coordinator
*Resigned fall 2013.
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OCR for page R1
JEREMY TRAVIS (Chair), John Jay College of Criminal Justice,
New York
RUTH D. PETERSON (Vice Chair), Department of Sociology, Ohio State
CARL C. BELL, Community Mental Health Council, Inc.
JOHN J. DONOHUE, III, Stanford Law School, Stanford University
MINDY FULLILOVE, New York State Psychiatric Institute and Mailman
School of Public Health, Columbia University
MARK A.R. KLEIMAN, Department of Public Policy, University of
California, Los Angeles
GARY LAFREE, Department of Criminology and Criminal Justice,
University of Maryland, College Park
JANET L. LAURITSEN, Department of Criminology and Criminal
Justice, University of Missouri
GLENN LOURY, Department of Economics, Brown University
JAMES P. LYNCH, Department of Criminology and Criminal Justice,
University of Maryland, College Park
CHARLES F. MANSKI, Department of Economics, Northwestern
DANIEL S. NAGIN, Heinz College, Carnegie Mellon University
ANNE MORRISON PIEHL, Department of Economics and Program in
Criminal Justice, Rutgers University
DANIEL B. PRIETO, Cybersecurity and Technology, U.S. Department of
SUSAN B. SORENSON, School of Social Policy & Practice, University of
DAVID WEISBURD, Center for Evidence Based Crime Policy, George
Mason University
CATHY SPATZ WIDOM, Psychology Department, John Jay College of
Criminal Justice, City University of New York
PAUL K. WORMELI, Integrated Justice Information Systems, Ashburn, VA
ARLENE LEE, Director
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he growth of incarceration rates in the United States for more than
four decades has spawned commentary and a growing body of sci-
entific knowledge about its causes and the consequences for those
imprisoned, their families and communities, and U.S. society. Recognizing
the importance of summarizing what is known (and not known) about the
many questions this phenomenon has raised, the National Institute of Jus-
tice (NIJ) of the U.S. Department of Justice and the John D. and Catherine
T. MacArthur Foundation requested a study by the National Research
Council (NRC). We are grateful for support throughout the study from the
current and former NIJ directors, John Laub and Greg Ridgeway, and from
our program officers at the MacArthur Foundation, Laurie Garduque and
Craig Wacker. This report is the product of that 2-year effort, conducted
by an ad hoc committee created by the National Research Council to as-
sess the evidence and draw out its implications for public policy. I and the
other members of the study committee hope it will inform an extensive and
thoughtful public debate about and reconsideration of the policies that led
to the current situation.
Special thanks are owed to the late James Q. Wilson who chaired the
Committee on Law and Justice (CLAJ) at the time the study was conceived
more than 5 years ago. Recognizing the importance of this issue, he orga-
nized a subcommittee of Phil Cook, Duke University; Glenn Loury, Brown
University; Tracey Meares, Yale Law School; and myself to develop a study
idea for CLAJ's approval. At a meeting held at John Jay College of Crimi-
nal Justice in January 2009, led by former CLAJ director Carol Petrie, a
group of scholars helped develop parameters for a study of high rates of
OCR for page R1
x PREFACE
incarceration. NIJ and the MacArthur Foundation subsequently recognized
that such a study would come at an important moment in the nation's his-
tory and could make a significant contribution to public understanding and
to improving the justice system.
On the committee's behalf, I thank the many individuals and organi-
zations who assisted us in our work and without whom this study could
not have been completed. Several scholars conducted original analyses and
working papers for the committee. Alfred Blumstein, Carnegie Mellon Uni-
versity, and Alan Beck, Bureau of Justice Statistics, U.S. Department of Jus-
tice, updated their classic analysis of changes in incarceration levels. Other
contributors included Doris MacKenzie, Penn State University; Richard
Rosenfeld, University of Missouri, St. Louis; Susan Turner, University of
California, Irvine; Sara Wakefield, University of California, Irvine; and
Christopher Wildeman, Yale University, who provided detailed analyses
on various topics of interest to the committee ranging from crime rates to
prison programs to research needed to address knowledge gaps identified
in the report. Bettina Muenster, John Jay College of Criminal Justice, was a
valuable consultant to the committee, most especially in her reviews of sev-
eral important parts of the literature. Peter Reuter, University of Maryland,
College Park, and Jonathan Caulkins, Carnegie Mellon University, provided
insights from their work on drug crime. Eric Cadora and Charles Swartz of
the Justice Mapping Center, Rutgers University School of Criminal Justice,
provided community maps of incarceration. Steven Raphael, University of
California, Berkeley, and Michael Stoll, University of California, Los Ange-
les, generously shared advanced text of their now-published book on why
so many people are in prison. In addition, a number of colleagues reviewed
the research literature for specific chapters: Scott Allen, University of Cali-
fornia, Riverside; Dora Dumont, Miriam Hospital, Providence, RI; Wade
Jacobsen, Princeton University; and Jessica Simes, Harvard University.
Sixteen individuals participated in a December 2012 public workshop
on health and incarceration, organized by committee member Josiah Rich,
which informed that element of the committee's work. Other participants
were committee members Craig Haney, Bruce Western, and Scott Allen,
University of California, Riverside; Redonna Chandler, National Institute
on Drug Abuse; Jennifer Clarke, Brown University Medical Center; Jamie
Fellner, Human Rights Watch; Robert B. Greifinger, John Jay College of
Criminal Justice, CUNY; Newton Kendig, Federal Bureau of Prisons; Marc
Mauer, The Sentencing Project; Fred Osher, Council of State Governments;
Steven Rosenberg, Community Oriented Correctional Health Services;
Faye S. Taxman, George Mason University; Emily Wang, Yale University;
Christopher Wildeman, Yale University; and Brie Williams, University of
California, San Francisco. The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation pro-
vided support for the preparation and publication of a summary of that
OCR for page R1
PREFACE xi
workshop (available through the National Academies Press, http://www.
All of us recognize that the study would not be what it is—in the depth
of analysis, quality of writing, or force of its conclusions—without the ef-
forts of the committee's vice chair, Bruce Western. I thank him not only for
his innumerable substantive contributions to the report, but also for his
thoughtful leadership at critical times during the committee's deliberations.
One member of the study committee, Jeffrey Beard, resigned in late
2013. He concluded that his obligations as secretary of the California De-
partment of Corrections and Rehabilitation, a position he assumed after
having been appointed to the committee, precluded him from participating
in the final stages of the committee's deliberations. We are indebted to him
for his contributions to the committee's early work.
Committee member Ricardo H. Hinojosa has written a supplementary
statement, which is Appendix A. In it he expresses concerns about the re-
port's discussion and certain conclusions related to the causes of high rates
of incarceration and their effect on crime prevention, based on his judicial
experience. However, he does support the panel's recommendations and the
importance of their consideration by the public and policy makers.
This study and report have benefited from the valuable assistance of
many NRC staff within CLAJ. Steve Redburn, scholar and study director,
oversaw meeting agendas and schedules for the production of this report.
In the assembly of the report, he was assisted by Malay Majmundar, senior
program officer, and Julie Schuck, senior program associate, to work col-
laboratively with the committee members to integrate their ideas, analyses,
writings, and conclusions into a sound report. Barbara Boyd, administrative
coordinator, made sure the committee's study and meetings ran smoothly,
gathered data and created several figures in this report, as well as provided
bibliographic assistance. The former CLAJ director, Jane Ross, offered wise
guidance at the start of the committee's deliberations. The current CLAJ
director, Arlene Lee, provided leadership and intellectual rigor in the final
phases of production of this report to ensure that its complex messages
were well-grounded. Conversations with Robert Hauser, executive direc-
tor, and Mary Ellen O'Connell, deputy executive director, of the Division
of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education helped the committee
strengthen the presentation of its conclusions and the articulation of norma-
tive principles for the use of incarceration.
We also thank the many other NRC staff members who assisted the
committee in its work. Anthony Mann provided administrative support as
needed. Kirsten Sampson Snyder shepherded the report through the NRC
review process; Eugenia Grohman helped edit the draft report; Yvonne Wise
processed the report through final production; and Patty Morison offered
guidance on communication of the study results. The staff of the NRC
OCR for page R1
xii PREFACE
library and research center, Daniel Bearss, Colleen Willis, Ellen Kimmel,
and Rebecca Morgan, provided valuable assistance on the report bibliog-
raphy. We also appreciate the efforts of Rona Briere and Alisa Decatur in
their editing of the final text.
This report has been reviewed in draft form by individuals chosen for
their diverse perspectives and technical expertise, in accordance with pro-
cedures approved by the NRC's Report Review Committee. The purpose
of this independent review is to provide candid and critical comments that
will assist the institution in making its published report as sound as possible
and to ensure that the report meets institutional standards for objectivity,
evidence, and responsiveness to the charge. The review comments and draft
manuscript remain confidential to protect the integrity of the deliberative
I thank the following individuals for their review of this report:
Anthony A. Braga, Program in Criminal Justice Policy and Management
at Harvard Kennedy School, Harvard University, and School of Criminal
Justice, Rutgers University; Shawn Bushway, Program on the Economics of
Crime and Justice Policy, School of Criminal Justice, University at Albany,
State University of New York; Michael Flamm, Department of History,
Ohio Wesleyan University, Delaware, Ohio; Michael Gottfredson, Uni-
versity of Oregon; Peter Greenwood, Advancing EBP, Agoura, California;
Martin F. Horn, John Jay College, City University of New York, and New
York State Sentencing Commission; Randall L. Kennedy, School of Law,
Harvard University; Kenneth C. Land, Department of Sociology, Duke
University; Marc Mauer, The Sentencing Project, Washington, DC; Theda
Skocpol, Scholars Strategy Network and Department of Government and
Sociology, Harvard University; Cassia Spohn, School of Criminology and
Criminal Justice, Arizona State University; Christopher Uggen, Department
of Sociology, University of Minnesota; Lester N. Wright, School of Popu-
lation Health, University of Adelaide, and School of Medicine, Flinders
University, Adelaide, South Australia; Mark H. Moore, John F. Kennedy
School of Government, Harvard University; and Sara Rosenbaum, Depart-
ment of Health Policy, School of Public Health and Health Services, George
Washington University.
Although the reviewers listed above provided many constructive com-
ments and suggestions, they were not asked to endorse the conclusions and
recommendations nor did they see the final draft of the report before its
release. The review of this report was overseen by Mark Moore, Harvard
University, and Sara Rosenbaum, George Washington University. Appointed
by the NRC, they were responsible for making certain that an independent
examination of this report was carried out in accordance with institu-
tional procedures and that all review comments were carefully considered.
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PREFACE xiii
Responsibility for the final content of this report, however, rests entirely
with the authoring committee and the institution.
More than 5 years ago, CLAJ recognized that the time had come
to marshal the best science and gain insight into how incarceration had
reached exceptional levels and with what consequences. To that end, we
on the study committee committed ourselves to reaching the consensus pre-
sented in this report through open-hearted deliberation and collaborative
spirit. Our work will be judged a contribution to the extent that it informs
a robust public discourse on these matters with scientific evidence and
thoughtful reflection on the purposes and proper limits of incarceration.
Jeremy Travis, Chair
Committee on Causes and Consequences of
High Rates of Incarceration in the United States
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Summary 1
1 Introduction 13
The Committee's Charge, 14
Meanings and Uses of Incarceration, 19
Study Approach, 22
Guiding Principles, 23
Understanding Causes, 24
Assessing Consequences, 26
Weighing the Evidence, 29
Applying the Evidence to Policy, 31
Organization of the Report, 32
2 Rising Incarceration Rates 33
U.S. Incarceration in Historical and Comparative Perspective, 34
Trends in Prison and Jail Populations, 37
The Increasing Scope of Correctional Supervision, 40
Variation in Incarceration Rates Among States, 42
Crime and the Dynamics of the Growth of the Penal Population, 44
Trends in Crime, 45
Linking Crime to the Trend in Imprisonment, 47
Racial Disparity in Imprisonment, 56
Violent Crimes, 59
Drug Crimes, 60
Incarceration of Hispanics, 61
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xvi CONTENTS
Concentration of Incarceration by Age, Sex, Race/Ethnicity,
and Education, 64
Conclusion, 68
3 Policies and Practices Contributing to High Rates of Incarceration 70
Changes in U.S. Sentencing Laws, 71
Phase I: Changes Aimed at Increased Consistency and Fairness, 74
Phase II: Changes Aimed at Increased Certainty and Severity, 78
Principles of Justice, 85
Evidence and Policy, 89
Racial Disparities, 91
Disparities in Imprisonment Rates Relative to Population, 94
Disparities in Imprisonment Rates Relative to Offending, 94
Disparities in Sentencing and Case Processing, 97
Conclusion, 101
4 The Underlying Causes of Rising Incarceration: Crime, Politics,
and Social Change 104
The Politics of Crime and Criminal Justice from the 1940s to the
Early 1960s¸106
The Johnson Administration and the War on Crime, 109
Law and Order and the Rising Crime Rate, 111
Political and Electoral Realignment, 113
Other Political Factors, 117
The War on Drugs, 118
Crime, Punishment, Race, and Public Opinion, 121
Political Institutions and Culture, 123
Urban Economic Distress, 127
Conclusion, 128
5 The Crime Prevention Effects of Incarceration 130
Deterrence: Theory and Empirical Findings, 132
Theory, 132
Empirical Findings, 134
Incapacitation, 140
Constancy of λ Across the Population, 141
Constancy of λ Over the Criminal Career, 143
Other Considerations, 145
Estimating the Total Effect of Incarceration on Crime, 146
The Criminal Involvement of the Formerly Incarcerated, 150
Effects of Incarceration for Drug Offenses on Drug Prices and
Drug Use, 152
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CONTENTS xvii
Knowledge Gaps, 154
Deterrence and Sentence Length, 154
Sentencing Data by State, 154
Conclusion, 155
6 The Experience of Imprisonment 157
Variations in Prison Environments, 158
Trends Affecting the Nature of Prison Life, 159
Prison Data, 164
Lack of National and Standardized Data, 164
Few Quality-of-Life Indicators, 165
Conditions of Confinement, 167
Imprisonment of Women, 170
Imprisonment of Youth, 172
General Psychological Observations, 174
Extreme Conditions of Imprisonment, 178
Idleness and Programming, 188
Potential Postprison Criminogenic Effects, 193
What Works in Prison Rehabilitation and Reentry, 195
Knowledge Gaps, 198
Data Improvement and Standardization, 198
Mechanisms for Observed Consequences, 199
Diversion Programs, 199
Conclusion, 200
7 Consequences for Health and Mental Health 202
Health Profile of Inmates, 204
Mental Health, 204
Substance Abuse, 206
Infectious Diseases, 208
Chronic Conditions and Special Populations, 210
Health Care in Correctional Facilities, 213
Legal Basis, 213
Costs, 214
Standards, 215
Screening, 215
Correctional Health Care Providers, 216
Drug Treatment, 217
Health Disparities, 219
Impact of Incarceration on Health, 221
Conditions of Incarceration and Health, 221
Violence and Health, 224
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xviii CONTENTS
Health Following Release, 226
Access to Health Care After Release, 227
Community Health, 228
Knowledge Gaps, 229
Public Health Opportunities, 229
Data Standardization and Quality Improvement, 230
Conclusion, 230
8 Consequences for Employment and Earnings 233
Mechanisms, 234
Selection, 234
Transformation, 235
Labeling, 235
Approaches to Studying Employment Effects, 236
Surveys of Employer Attitudes, 237
Ethnographic and Other Qualitative Studies, 238
Experimental Approaches to Studying Criminal Stigma, 239
Analysis of Survey Data, 241
Use of Administrative Data, 242
Discussion, 247
Aggregate Studies, 248
Programs and Policies for Improving Employment Outcomes, 250
Employment Reentry Programs, 250
Limits on Access to Criminal Records, 255
Knowledge Gaps, 256
Directions for Future Research, 256
Labor Market Context, 257
Programs to Improve Employment and Other Outcomes, 257
Conclusion, 258
9 Consequences for Families and Children 260
Incarceration of Partners and Fathers, 263
Male-Female Relationships, 264
Economic Well-Being, 267
Parenting, 268
Child Well-Being, 270
Incarceration of Mothers, 273
Methodological Limitations, 275
Knowledge Gaps, 277
Understanding Variations, 278
Aggregate Effects, 278
Conclusion, 278
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CONTENTS xix
10 Consequences for Communities 281
Spatial Concentration of High Rates of Incarceration, 283
Competing Views on the Community-Level Effects of
Incarceration, 288
Assessing the Evidence, 289
Methodological Challenges to Causal Inference, 292
Is High Incarceration Different?, 296
Additional Perspectives, 297
Knowledge Gaps, 298
Comparative Qualitative Studies, 299
Natural Experiments, 299
Life-Course Perspectives, 300
Neighborhood-Level Relationships, 300
Conclusion, 301
11 Wider Consequences for U.S. Society 303
New Gradations of Citizenship, 304
Probationers and Parolees, 305
Extensions of Punishment, 305
Political Disenfranchisement, 307
The U.S. Census and Political Representation, 309
Invisible Inequality, 310
The U.S. Census, 311
Other Databases, 312
Voter Turnout, 313
Public Costs and Fiscal Pressures, 314
Conclusion, 317
12 The Prison in Society: Values and Principles 320
Historical Development, 321
Desert and Proportionality, 324
Parsimony, 326
Citizenship, 327
Social Justice, 330
Conclusion, 332
13 Findings, Conclusions, and Implications 334
Findings and Conclusions, 334
History, 334
Consequences, 336
Implications, 340
Role of Policy, 342
Sentencing Policy, 344
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xx CONTENTS
Prison Policy, 349
Social Policy, 351
Recommended Research, 353
Understanding the Experience of Incarceration and Its Effects, 354
Understanding Alternative Sentencing Policies, 354
Understanding the Impact of Incarceration on Communities, 355
Concluding Thoughts, 356
References 358
A Supplementary Statement by Ricardo H. Hinojosa 419
B Data Sources 421
C Incarceration in the United States: A Research Agenda 424
D Biographical Sketches of Committee Members 435


text:
I'm not sure what's going on but my 4 month old suddenly keeps coming off the breast while he's eating. He used to do that only if he was gassy or there was no milk but now it's constantly! Sometimes he gets distracted so that makes sense but he still does it when there's nothing going on in the room. Sometimes I just keep putting him back on and he's full and content and then other times I end up having to give him a bottle :( so frustrating! Do you think maybe he's getting too big to nurse on the boppy or something ?
Help! My son who has always been An amazing nurser suddenly keeps coming off the breast!
Posted 12/08/2012
Me (25) & SO (31) est. 7/09
Welcomed baby boy J.C.P 7/31/12( on his due date!) <3
TTC #2 since 3/15 <3
Comments (3)
Posted 12/08/2012
When I saw your title my first thought was how old...I bet 4 months. And yep! My daughter became the same way at 4 months, it is do frustrating. They just get do distracted. I used to be able to nurse her in the living room with a cover and all of the family around. At 4 months I had to start nursing her in her room where it was perfectly quiet. And at times even that didn't work. If she would pop off too much I'd just cut her off and wait until she was really hungry. Then she would focus and do a better job at staying on. I'd like to say its just a phase and it somewhat is. My LO doesn't pop off as much anymore but there are still days she acts like a bobble head if there is a lot going on around us. The bottle works because it's faster and they can move while drinking it. But if you make him wait he will become better at nursing even at this stage where they become aware of everything around them. Good luck mama.
Posted 12/08/2012
Yep... 4 months. It's normal and it should pass. Try and avoid the bottle and nurse with as little distraction as possible. You may just need to nurse a little more often if session are getting shorter. Although, shorter nursing sessions by this age are normal as well as LO becomes more efficient.
chica8 · Original Poster
Posted 12/08/2012
Thanks guys! Yea it's wierd bc sometimes it's totally quiet and he still gets distracted. But it's worse if I'm talking. What I'm really nervous about is NIP ! Me and my mom are Xmas shopping Friday n I feel like it will be even worse w the cover n there's no where quiet and dark to go:( gosh I hope this passes
Me (25) & SO (31) est. 7/09
Welcomed baby boy J.C.P 7/31/12( on his due date!) <3
TTC #2 since 3/15 <3
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