text:
Novel aerobic benzene degrading microorganisms identified in three soils by stable isotope probing
- Shuguang Xie,
- Weimin Sun,
- Chunling Luo,
- Alison M. Cupples
- … show all 4 hide
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The remediation of benzene contaminated groundwater often involves biodegradation and although the mechanisms of aerobic benzene biodegradation in laboratory cultures have been well studied, less is known about the microorganisms responsible for benzene degradation in mixed culture samples or at contaminated sites. To address this knowledge gap, DNA based stable isotope probing (SIP) was utilized to identify active benzene degraders in microcosms constructed with soil from three sources (a contaminated site and two agricultural sites). For this, replicate microcosms were amended with either labeled (13C) or unlabeled benzene and the extracted DNA samples were ultracentrifuged, fractioned and subject to terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (TRFLP). The dominant benzene degraders (responsible for 13C uptake) were determined by comparing relative abundance of TRFLP phylotypes in heavy fractions of labeled benzene (13C) amended samples to the controls (from unlabeled benzene amended samples). Two phylotypes (a Polaromonas sp. and an Acidobacterium) were the major benzene degraders in the microcosms constructed from the contaminated site soil, whereas one phylotype incorporated the majority of the benzene-derived 13C in each of the agricultural soils ("candidate" phylum TM7 and an unclassified Sphingomonadaceae).
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- Title
- Novel aerobic benzene degrading microorganisms identified in three soils by stable isotope probing
- Journal
Volume 22, Issue 1 , pp 71-81
- Cover Date
- 2011-02-01
- 10.1007/s10532-010-9377-5
- Print ISSN
- 0923-9820
- Online ISSN
- 1572-9729
- Publisher
- Springer Netherlands
- Additional Links
- Topics
- Keywords
- Stable isotope probing
- Benzene
- Polaromonas
- Acidobacterium
- Sphingomonadaceae
- Industry Sectors
- Authors
- Shuguang Xie (1) (2)
- Weimin Sun (2)
- Chunling Luo (2) (3)
- Alison M. Cupples (2)
- Author Affiliations
- 1. College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- 2. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- 3. Department of Civil and Structural Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong


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subset: commoncrawl


text:
Quick-response technology is going through a modern-day rite of passage, and a convention has been scheduled that will focus specifically on the subject.
Called Quick-Response '89, the event is scheduled for March 21-22 at the Hyatt Regency Hotel at the Dallas/Fort Worth Airport, Texas.Quick response is what the retail industry calls its Just-in-Time distribution systems. Quick-response technology allows for automation of transportation, distribution and inventory keeping.
Sponsoring the event are Automation Identification Manufacturers Inc. and the Voluntary Interindustry Standards Committee (VICS).
VICS has been holding meetings since its creation. These gatherings have been devoted to developing standardized electronic versions of common retail business documents. Such documents are at the core of electronic data interchange technology.
What is important about the Quick-Response '89 meet is that it will be devoted to the needs of users rather than dealing with standards, said Glen DuBois, manager, EDI services, Levi Straus & Co., San Francisco. Mr. DuBois is also chairman of VICS' EDI standards maintenance committee.
Few companies are more deeply committed to EDI than Levi Straus, industry experts have said.
This meeting is to encompass the implementation experiences, Mr. DuBois said. It will help both current and potential users understand the pitfalls and possibilities of the technology.
Seminars will address some of the how-to questions that come up in all areas of quick-response technologies, Mr. DuBois said.
Attendance for the event is projected to hit at least 450. More than 50 companies have already signed up as exhibitors.
In retailing, quick response's electronic web stretches from the cash register all the way to the manufacturer's production line.
Quick-response systems allow stores to keep tight control of their inventory. Computer-linked cash registers report every unit sold, allowing stores to track which items are selling fast and to order more before shelves go bare.
Retailers have been using electronic systems for years. Chains that have invested in quick-response technology have reported sales boosts of 30 percent to 50 percent and more. Accounting for the boost: the ability to satisfy consumer demand that once would have been stymied by out-of-stock items.
Because of the scope of the duties they handle, quick-response systems are often complex and demanding. At the least, they demand almost complete revisions of basic business behavior.
Even retailers are often confused about what exactly the term quick response means.
Having a user-oriented conference is important because quick response has many different parts. This conference will identify the various pieces that are required to implement a quick response program, or at least to gain the full benefits of a quick response program, Mr. DuBois said.
EDI is only one of the technologies involved in quick response. Bar codes are used to label items and assist computers in gathering information.
Bar codes are rectangular, black and white striped labels that can easily be read by computerized systems. Cashiers can enter the information contained in bar codes by simply waving a laser wand over a label.
Computerized registers are essential for bar code systems to work, and sophisticated software is needed to help monitor changes in inventory level and track product in warehouses and through the distribution cycle.
EDI is the messenger. Its standardized messages allow different computers to talk to each other. This enables retailers to communicate with suppliers and suppliers to talk with transportation companies, all electronically.
Rising interest in retail EDI was the main reason Quick Response 89 was scheduled, Mr. DuBois said.
Attendance at VICS standard setting meetings had reached the point where a conference seemed not only viable but essential, he said.
We had a VICS EDI user group meeting on Oct. 25-26 in Orlando (Fla.) and we had in excess of 225 people attend, he said.
At the group's previous meeting in May, only 125 people were present, he said.


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first black and white
this is my first time trying black and white film and I am a bit unhappy about the contrast.. I am not sure if I made a mistake somewhere, because I was following my lightmeter on my zenit 11 and b&w film is supposed to have bigger tolerance for mistakes... I hope next time I get better results, because I love b&w pictures with high contrast :)) Some pictures were taken here in Bratislava, few at the fleamarket where I also got all the russian cameras and most of it around our cottage in forest in western Slovakia (zahorie). :)Taken by livi with a Zenit 11 (available in our Online Shop) loaded with Foma Fomapan film in Bratislava, Slovakia. These tags describe this photo: dandelion, flower, sunset, sunshine, sun, summer, pretty, zenit, b&w, blackandwhite, black&white, fomapan, zenit11, and analog. Date: 2012-09. Time: Afternoon. This photo can also be found in the album making of my sentimental memories.
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@peacocksky thank you!! :)
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main index
List of characters that inhabit Ichiban Ushiro No Daimaou. As usual, spoilers might be below.
Akuto SaiLeft on the steps of a church as an orphan, Akuto thought he was going to be the good guy. He traveled to the Constantin Magical Academy to study and hone his magical abilities, in hopes that he would one day become a great priest in the service of the church. However, on his first day, the vocational raven proclaimed that he was destined to become the next Maou, or Demon King. As a result, most of the school has turned against him, and even his attempts at trying to Screw Destiny only serve to drag him further down the path of evil. He's attracted a small harem of followers, ranging from a robotic private detective to a young fanboy, who all have their own reasons for wanting to see whether or not Akuto will become the next Maou.
Voiced by: Takashi Kondo (JP), Chris Patton (EN)
The Maou's Followers
Junko HattoriA descendant of a powerful family of ninjas dedicated to following the (Japanese) traditions of their god, Suhara, and fighting evil. Junko came to the Academy with Akuto after a chance meeting and became friends with him. However, after actually arriving at the school, Junko has had a love-hate relationship with him, trying to square her feelings for him with the possibility that he will become the next Big Bad of the whole world. The fact that most of their conflicts end with him destroying her clothes doesn't help.
Voiced by: Yoko Hikasa (JP), Luci Christian (EN)
Hiroshi MiwaIt's unknown what, if any, magic he wields. However, Hiroshi seems to have a good knack for knowing the various relationships and events happening between the people at the Academy. After Akuto saved him from some bullies, Hiroshi ended up becoming fanatically devoted to him as a friend, possibly even more.Also, the same raven that proclaimed Akuto was destined to be the next Maou? He later judged Hiroshi to be the next Hero.
Kena SogaA long time ago, Kena was a fellow orphan in the same church that Akuto was raised in. Akuto apparently helped her out when she was sad. Several years later, they ran into each other at Constantin Magical Academy just as Akuto was trying to apologize to Junko for the day's previous events. Currently, Kena is known for three things: turning invisible, flying, and eating rice in all its forms. She constantly hovers around Akuto, hoping that he'll become the Maou not because she is particularly evil, but because she wants him to succeed as a good friend.She is rumored to hold the "Law of Identity," which means that if she "forms a contract" with another, that person could gain the power of a God.
Fujiko EtouShe's a master of magic and medicine, head of the Academy's Discipline Committee, has her own fan club, and is generally considered one of the school's idols. But this popularity hides a much darker side that was born in part because of her family and in part because of her love for her mostly-dead brother whose head she now keeps in a jar. Fujiko is constantly looking to find a way to control the Maou for her own purposes, though he may be more difficult to handle than she realized.After Akuto saves her from a dragon, she decides to stop trying to control him and start trying to worship him instead.
KoroneA robot girl known as a "Liladan" (probably written as "L'Isle-Adam", after August Villiers de L'Isle-Adam, a 19th century french writer thet popularized the term "android") sent to spy on Akuto by the leadership of the Church of Mahct so they could tell whether or not he will really become the Maou. She carries around a multi-purpose gun and generally maintains a cool demeanor punctuated with bursts of delightful sexual frankness.
PeterhausenA large, powerful dragon who served the previous Maou but was sealed underneath the school. After Fujiko accidentally releases him, Akuto defeats him in battle and gains the dragon as an ally.
Student Council
Lily ShiraishiPresident of the Student Council, she wears a very expressive witch's hat and talks with a slight lisp. Along with monitoring the school behind the scenes, one of her duties appears to have been safeguarding ancient ruins that contain items of interest to the Maou, but whether she's trying to protect Akuto from the school or the school from Akuto is up for debate.
Michie OtakeVice President
Kanna KamiyanaTreasurer. Werewolf.
Aru'nuuruSecretary who only speaks with a "guga" Verbal Tic. A Liradan (L'Isle-Adam) like Korone, but of a different model. She also has her own mech.
Voiced by: Minako Kotobuki (JP), Margaret Fawcett (EN)
Cabinet Intelligence Magick Office, "CIMO8"
Yamato BouichirouThe rumored head of CIMO8 with a magical sword power that can cut through anything, including dimensions. He has been working behind the scenes to try and neutralize the Maou before he became too powerful.According to the anime, he is actually a time-traveler who lost his lover to the original Maou, and somehow traveled to the present to stop the current Maou, Akuto, from gaining the same powers. However, when he discovers the reincarnation of his lost love in the body of Kena Soga, he instead decided to inherit the power of a God with Kena's "Law of Identity".
Eiko TeruyaA mysterious green-haired girl who freelances as a spy for CIMO8. She has a rivalry with Junko that stretches back between their families, both of which have been jockeying for position under the God Suhara. Eiko is willing to do anything to gain more power, from seducing the potential Maou to backstabbing members of her own clan.
Mister XAn odd agent from CIMO8 who seems obsessed with the "artistic" side of everything. Uses sound-based magic to nullify the mana-based powers of other mages, and seeks to rekindle the great war against the Maou just because he can.
2VAnother agent of CIMO8 who seems rather well-adjusted compared to the others, as he is shown in a professional suit and tie during his debut. He has the ability to control human-looking puppets remotely with his magic, and thus no one knows his true face. It is revealed in Volume 6 that "he" is actually a girl who appears to be around ten years old.
Other Characters
Fujiko's Older BrotherA magical Knight Templar who lost his life during one expedition after being tricked by Bouichirou. It was a plan to lead the potential Maou into a trap that would kill him. He currently exists as a Brain in a Jar after his sister magically reanimated his head.
Mitsuko ToriiAkuto's teacher who seems to be a bit too interested in studying him, dead or alive.
Yuuko HattoriA popular TV idol under the stage name Yuri Hoshino, Yuuko also happens to be a Suharaist ninja and the younger sister of Junko. On top of that, she happens to have a little demon blood in her after an accident with a monster during her childhood, and can sense when there are monsters nearby. However, Akuto's presence has caused the demon blood within Yuuko to make her a bit crazier than normal...
The God, Suhara


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Gear Review
Member since
new to this years line is the hurithane. this binding includes "onboard adjustment." basically think about all those times you forget to extend your toe ram os put the toe starp in the right spot and you already mounted it. yeah you can be dumb still adjust that stuff with this binding while mounted. urethane highbacks soft and flexible but responsive. the only other binding out there with urethane highback is flux, go see who costs more. u'll be back at this one. It cant be beat
View More Details on K2 Snowboards Hurrithane Snowboard Binding


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Two bikes are always better than one. Pair this kit with your existing Nashbar Tempo Wireless bike computer and you'll have some options next time you want to head out for a ride. Compatible with BN-TWC only.
Item No. » BN-TWCKT-BASE
Nashbar No price available.
Sorry, this item is Out of Stock. You can still order it and we will ship it to you as soon as it comes in.


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Ranked #60 of 105 for Best Napa Winery
Sorry! There are no tips for Turnbull Wine Cellars.
The 2014 Bay Area A-List awards are based on more than 37,000 votes from local Bay Area-area experts.
Best Pilates Studio ⋅ Best Bar Bites ⋅ Best CrossFit ⋅ Best Wedding Photographer ⋅ Best Wedding Music


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YOLO guys!
I haven't been here for ~6 months so I'll let you decide wether I'm new or not, but I'm back, that thing's sure!
Hello! Welcome back!
Formerly known as Azure_Gallade
Black 2 FC: 0562 4633 3655
welcome back to Serebii! ^^
tumblr - i've claimed zelos wilder, xerneas, and tales of the abyss
Omega Ruby team:


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Ice fishing! Hence the user name...
And any other kinds of fishing to get me through the warm "off season" months.
This is a discussion on what other hobbies do you enjoy besides Shooting. within the Off Topic & Humor Discussion forums, part of the The Back Porch category; Ice fishing! Hence the user name... And any other kinds of fishing to get me through the warm "off season" months....
Ice fishing! Hence the user name...
And any other kinds of fishing to get me through the warm "off season" months.
My GLOCK goes BANG every time!
Crankin stands for Cranking a bicycle......I Bike all over town.
Took up reading books that are bit over my head of late.
"The Tao of Physics" by Fritjof Capra.........and "The Web Of Life A New Scientific Understanding of Living Systems" by the same author.
Last edited by crankinNM; March 21st, 2010 at 01:00 AM. Reason: fixed sentence
Collecting old stuff: guns, books, watches, coins. Shooting sports and handloading. Reading, writing, playing/listening to music, hunting, fishing.
Riding my H-D working on them in the winter, hunting, reloading, spending time in the wild.
When I was younger I used to love racquetball/handball but now I have more sedate hobbies like golfing, reading, holster collecting, etc.
"Kimbers are the guns you show your friends, Glocks are the guns you show your enemies."
Photo says it all!
"Democracy is two wolves and a lamb voting on what to have for lunch; Liberty is a well-armed lamb contesting the vote."
-- Benjamin Franklin
Long distance bicycle riding and weight lifting.
,=====o00o _
l_--- \___l---[]lllllll[]
(o)_)-o- (o)_)--o-)_)
Touring on my HD ultra ( i like Guzzies too). off roading ,trx250;shooting range,
reading, news junkie.
Flying, metal detecting, reading, bicycle riding and WWII history.
Hobbies other then knives (no guns yet) were hunting (borrowed a 20/12 gauge) knife collecting, collect diecast cars and motorcycles, motorcycling (been off for 2 years now) playing games online with friends, fishing (havent gone in a while but plan to do some fishing soon). Eatings a hobby right?
When life gives you lemons, Open a lemonaid buisness.
BBQ, guns & motorcycles. Yes - I am a redneck, from a long line of rednecks.
'Clinging to my guns and religion
motorcycle, reloading, and shooting. don't need much more these days.
An armed man is a citizen. An unarmed man is a subject.
Red State State of Mind
Nude volleyball.
Yes, I'm armed with a Smartcarry. It covers my shortcomings.
Treat me good, I'll treat you better. Treat me bad, I'll treat you worse.
My hobbies: My Cobra,
My van (Tow Beast) taking my Cobra to the races,
My little truck after a mud bath,
and last but not least my fun daily driver.
They are my major addictive hobbies. I am all the time tweaking and upgrading this and that on them. I'm also enjoy Radio Control planes and cars and I am also looking into building a kit plane. Either Sport Pilot Ready Kit Aircraft: STOL CH 701 light sport utility kit plane - the ultimate short take-off and landing sport kit airplane or Glass Goose Amphibian Aircraft by Quikkit
Kel-Tec P-3at, Taurus PT-908, Glock 17, Glock 19, Glock 26, Kel-Tec SUB-2000 9mm (Glock 17 mag compatible),Kel-Tec PF-9, Ruger SP-101 2¼ barrel hammerless, Maverick Arms 88 Security 8-shot 12 gauge, Marlin 336W .30-30 Win., Rossi Model 92 SRC .357 Mag.


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NEW YORK Marshawn Lynch answered the questions this time, providing the conclusion to a manufactured Super Bowl week sideshow.
If last week was about Seattle Seahawks cornerback Richard Sherman, this week has kept Lynch in the spotlight. He doesn't like speaking with reporters. The NFL threatened to fine him if he didn't do it anyway. A journalism organization wrote that it was "appalled" by Lynch's behavior.
And so Lynch submitted, sitting there for more than seven minutes Thursday, and this is how the spectacle ended.
"It's what the NFL wanted. They wanted to make a story. Any publicity for the NFL is good publicity," Seahawks wide receiver Doug Baldwin said. "... Forcing him to speak is absurd. It's ridiculous."
As the empty outrage intensified and finally deflated, the brief and forgettable life cycle of a hollow story, the Denver Broncos weren't concerned with Lynch's words but rather with the fact that, in his seventh season, he has become known as one of the NFL's most dangerous runners. He is strong and quick, and although second-year quarterback Russell Wilson is his team's biggest offensive star, Lynch is the main reason the Seahawks are in the Super Bowl.
"I really don't have too much to say, boss. I really don't," he said Thursday. "I appreciate it, but I don't get it. I'm just here so I won't get fined, boss. That's the only reason I'm here."
He rushed for 1,257 yards during the regular season, his third consecutive season with at least 1,200 yards. And the most interesting thing about Lynch isn't that he's private, complicated and maybe a little weird. It's that, in 2010, the Buffalo Bills gave up on him and traded him for a pair of middle-round draft picks.
Back then, he was seen as a disappointment and somewhat of a liability. Lynch had been a bruising rusher at California, and Buffalo took him with the No. 12 overall pick in 2007. He was an immediate starter, rushing for at least 1,000 yards in his first two seasons, but then Fred Jackson was the more effective back. To make matters worse, Lynch was the driver in a hit-and-run in 2008, and a year later he was arrested for carrying a concealed gun, for which the NFL suspended Lynch three games.
The Bills selected C.J. Spiller in the first round of the 2010 draft, and in October of that year, Buffalo was finished with Lynch. The team sent him to Seattle for a fourth-rounder, which the Bills spent on offensive tackle Chris Hairston (a backup who didn't play in 2013 because of an illness) and a fifth-rounder, used on linebacker Tank Carder (who didn't make the team as a rookie).
And so Lynch headed west, looking for a career reboot. He was mediocre in 2010, rushing for 573 yards and six touchdowns, but the next season, something changed. He became the centerpiece of Seattle's offense, finishing with a career-high 285 carries; Lynch had 315 carries in 2012 and 301 in 2013.
"He turns a no-gain into a plus-10 and sometimes a plus-50," Broncos defensive tackle Terrance Knighton said. "... He finds a lot of holes that a lot of backs in this league don't find. He makes cuts that you see Adrian Peterson make and LeSean McCoy make. Yesterday we were watching tape, and there were some cuts I saw for the first time and was just like: 'Wow.' "
Lynch quieted critics with his game, but his off-field behavior and attitude have kept the sharks from drifting away. He was charged with drunken driving in 2012, a case that's still pending, and he refused to speak to reporters this season – amplifying questions about his attitude and maturity.
So there have been few stories this week of Lynch's rebound, almost no sound bites about the things he has learned and the growth he has made as a player and person. He said he prefers to let his play speak for him, and for the past three seasons, that has said plenty.
After he was finished Thursday, another short question-and-answer session, Lynch was off the hook. There are no more news conferences, and he said he had no problem with that.
"It's going to be good to get back to football," Lynch said. "Very good."
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Juno Movie Reviews
User reviews on Juno
I decided to overlook the occasional bad review written by amateurs and go with 100% of the professionals who have had nothing but fantastic things to say about Juno; I went to see the movie and agree whole-heartedly with them! Why people keep focusing so much on the pro-choice/pro- life thing... It doesnt play a part in this movie for anyone thats paying attention and not looking for a story where there isn't one.
If you enjoy well-written dialogue, realistic characters and "cla**ic" lines you'll be repeating for days, this is your movie. Tired of the pro-life/pro-ch oice debate? Me, too. Here's a story of decisions (good and bad) and making the best of them. I LOVED it!
This is one film worth missing. I never felt the teenager "in trouble" was believable. The father says upon news of the pregnancy... "I didn't think the boy had it in him".
This movie is disturbing and it is even more disturbing to think people think this behavior is acceptable or sadly, cute. Save your $ and don't encourage this.
This movie was sooooooooooo good. Ellen Page is an awsome actress. and Michael Cera blew me away. Jennifer garner got on my nerves a little but the movie was so brilliant it didn't matter. I highly suggest seeing Juno. But don't see it on a first date especially if your under 18 because it would be really akward.
If I had seen only ten movies last year, this would not make my top ten list. Why would anyone want to watch a movie about a smart-mouthed, know-it-all, unkempt girl-child who seems incapable of making an intelligent decision and suffers no consequences whatsoever for her repeated mistakes? And am I supposed to be happy that the poor mistake-baby gets dumped on a cold-hearted witch who can't even keep her own marriage intact and who seems to think that the fact that she wants something very much is reason enough for someone to just give it to her? Jeez--what planet are these people from?
A chick flick, but enjoyable. Great movie to see with your wife or girlfriend. Ellen Page does a great job acting as Juno, I believe she was nominated for a few academic awards. I loved Superbad and I loved watching Michael Cera in a movie, he has a unique acting talent and even though he doesn't have a major role in Juno, he is funny. Putting sadness, happiness, comedy, and moments of rejoice makes for a pretty good movie. I suppose it was worth the $10 they charge for movies nowadays. 3/5.
the lead actress was very good but at the end of the day this is average at best. definitely a rental. while the suggestion that a pregnant 16 yo girl has other options besides abortion is to be applauded, the result is that she gives birth, gives the baby away and everything is all cool again! absolutely ridiculous. i really don't get why people are so excited about this ifc-style snoozefest. probably the same people that raved about little miss sunsine. wish i had read my review before i wasted my time & $19!!! for 2 tix.
Best movie I've ever seen!! It shows that no matter what happens in life, through all the accidents and all of lifes mishapps, life will go on and it will turn out okay. It was an amazing movie, I reccomend it to anyone!!!
JUNO... lets see.... lol
well its funny i'll give you that.
its kinda like superbad but superbad is still better. if you want to see a movie about a 16 year old girl pregnant. go watch it. basically this movie is about the girl "juno" being pregnant throughout the whole movie...
oh and then at the end of the movie..
she finally gives birth and gives it away to some lady.
its funny. its a rental. lol
Diablo Cody has written one of the best scripts for the screen in the past 20 years. Strong defined characters. Touching, funny, sad. Breakthrough role for Ellen Page. Allison Janney is one of our best character actresses. Run dont; walk to see this movie.


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ORCUTT - John Orcutt
Professor of Law
Updated: July 5, 2012
Patent Valuation (Wiley, 2012) (with William J. Murphy)
Shaping China's Innovation Future: University Technology Transfer in Transition (co-authored with Hong Shen) (Edward Elgar Publishing 2010).
Law Review Articles:
The Case Against Exempting Smaller Reporting Companies from Sarbanes-Oxley Section 404: Why Market-Based Solutions are Likely to Harm Ordinary Investors, 14 Fordham J. Corp & Fin. L. 325 (2009).
Improving the Efficiency of the Angel Finance Market: A Proposal to Expand the Intermediary Role of Finders in the Private Capital Raising Setting, 37 Ariz. St. L. J. 861 (2005)
Investor Skepticism v. Investor Confidence: Why the New Research Analyst Reforms Will Harm Investors, 81 Denv. U. L. Rev. 1 (2003)
Policy Reports:
New Hampshire in the Innovation Economy: A Plan to Increase Innovation and Technology-Based Economic Development in New Hampshire (co-authored study with Prof. Ross Gittell) (Apr. 2010).
Patent Valuation (in-progress book) (co-authored with Prof. William Murphy)
China: The Birth of a Modern Economic Legal System. . . and What it Means for the Rest of the World (in-progress book) (co-authored with Hong Shen)
Don't Fear the Reaper: Why Hostile Raiders are Needed to Save America from its Bad Corporate Managers (in-progress law review article.)
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- bentley v8 engine
Bentley V8 turns 50 years old
by Jeremy Korzeniewski (RSS feed) on Jan 20th, 2009 at 4:28PM
When the conversation turns to classic V8 engines from a bygone era, the discussion often starts and ends with the small block Chevy that was introduced way back in 1955 and continues to terrorize the overhead-cam masses from Ford all the way to Ferrari. Bentley would like to remind you that it, too, has an iconic engine born back in the '50s that still deserves to be feted, and it still has pushrods. And celebrated it shall be at the Sir Henry Royce Memorial Foundation lecture on January 22nd. This year will mark the 6¾-liter Bentley V8 engine's 50th anniversary, with the motor... Read More


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"I hoped it would be even better and it was"
Outstanding, emotional, challenging.
I'm not sure that this book really compares to other books I've read, it's very much its own style and tone.
When Chess saves Terrible, I could feel her terror and need.
I would say it made me gasp more than cry and this isn't a book that probably would or should make a person laugh.
"Just keeps getting better!"
I love that each character sounds like a new actor/voice. Although it is clear that one person is narrating she has done such a superb job of giving each character their own sound, accent and tone it almost seems like it's more than one person.
The continued growth of the characters.
I love her characterization and voice for Terrible.
"Fantastic Story and amazing narrator"
Amazing, unusual, unexpected
The characters have real problems and real issues, they have so much more depth than many of the characters in books of this genre.
She is amazing! She makes each voice its own and gives each character a clear personality which is pretty unusual from what I've listened to so far on a lot of audiobooks. I hear her pronunciation and voice now when I'm reading the books.
The scene between Chess and Terrible in the bar.
"Books are fantastic, narrator is barely okay"
I have to agree with many other reviewers here as to the narrator. She sounds much too old to be MacKayla Lane and what she does to Jericho Barrons is rather unforgiveable. He is described as a large and very vibrant man but she makes him sound like a tiny withered old man. I really wish these would be re-done with other narrators and am looking forward to the final two books where the narrators are different.
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- Age / Gender:
- 29, Male
- Location:
- Germany
- Joined:
- 1/2/06
- All Stats >
User Statshot
- Community Stats
Level 9 Blank Slate
Garbage Whistle
Ranked as Police Officer
Contact Info / Websites
Favorite Audio
|Parting Company
|Classical Song
|A Land of Magic
|Classical Song
|_-={Dark Skies}=-_
|Classical Song
|The Beautiful Savage
|Classical Song
Favorite Movies
LUCKY DAY FOREVER Rated 4.4793 Stars Win your happiness! Drama Starbarians - Episode 1 Rated 4.4571 Stars The Starbarians have landed... Comedy - Original Donut Quest Rated 4.4673 Stars A man should never steal another man's donuts. Action Mass Effect: Relations Rated 3.8976 Stars Shepard and Liara have a little "chat" Comedy - Parody
Favorite Games
Recent Game Medals
it gets better 10 Points finish dys4ia Medal Stats.
Kill First Boss 10 Points Kill the first boss Medal Stats.
20 Kills 5 Points Kill 20 enemies Medal Stats.
Beyond Words 5 Points Cut Off a Conversation Medal Stats.
Easy Fiver 5 Points Five Love Taps Medal Stats.
Centerpieces 5 Points A Nice Center Smash Medal Stats.
Just Barely 5 Points Far Right Smoosh Medal Stats.
Comedic Timing 10 Points You Obey the Rule of Three for Big Yucks! Medal Stats.
Floor 4 10 Points Gain access to floor 4. Medal Stats.
Russian Roulette 50 Points Win a game of russian roulette. Medal Stats.
Total Medals Earned: 23 (From 8 different games.)


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INGREDIENTS: Baby Back Ribs
2- 2 ½ lbs. baby back pork ribs (1 slab)
¼ cup brown sugar
2 tbsp. paprika
1 tbsp. garlic powder
1 tbsp. dried oregano
1 tsp. cinnamon
½ tsp. cayenne pepper
½ tbsp. black pepper
½ tbsp. kosher salt
Remove membrane from the back side of the ribs. Begin by running a knife between the membrane and the rib. Using a paper towel or a kitchen towel, grip membrane and pull completely away.
Combine ingredients for the dry rub in a small bowl and mix well. Rub the ribs all over and evenly on both sides. Place ribs in a baking dish, cover, and store in the refrigerator for at least 2 hours, up to over night.
Prepare a grill using indirect heat, meaning build coals on only one side of the grill. On the other side, place an aluminum pan filled with water. Heat grill to medium high heat. Grill is ready when the coals turn white. Place ribs directly over the flame for a few minutes on each side to ensure they get a good sear and color. Transfer ribs to the other side of the grill where direct heat is not under them. Cook for 2-3 hours or until tender.
If using a BBQ sauce to finish ribs, a few minutes before ribs are finished cooking, brush on sauce. Watch carefully to ensure sauce does not burn.
INGREDIENTS: Good Ole Macaroni Salad
1 lb. dried macaroni
½ cup corn kernels
½ cup green peas
½ cup celery, chopped fine
½ cup green onions, chopped fine
½ cup roasted red peppers, chopped
½ cup black olives, chopped
3 hard boiled eggs, chopped
1 cup sour cream
1 cup mayonnaise
1 tsp. celery seed
2 tsp. dry mustard
2 tsp. sugar
1 tbsp. red wine vinegar
1 tbsp. milk
1 tsp. black pepper
2 tsp. kosher salt
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Canada, Mexico and China are the top customers for Missouri goods in an export market that jumped 36 percent in 2010, the St. Louis Business Journal reports.
The data reflecting the jump is from the World Trade Center St. Louis.
Tim Nowak, executive director at the World Trade Center, says the growth was driven primarily by industrial products and manufactured goods.
St. Louis Public Radio is a service of the University of Missouri-St. Louis.


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(Updates with analyst comments in fifth paragraph, Austrian spreads in eighth.)
Nov. 9 (Bloomberg) -- Austria may not be able to provide enough capital to underpin its banks' units in eastern Europe on top of their domestic business if they resort to state aid again, Standard & Poor's Ratings Service said today.
"The Austrian government may not have the capacity to support all the foreign operations of the large domestic banks," S&P analysts led by Markus Schmaus said in a statement. Austrian lenders including Erste Group Bank AG and Raiffeisen Bank International AG are the biggest lenders to borrowers in eastern Europe, according to the Bank for International Settlements.
Erste, Raiffeisen, nationalized Hypo Alpe-Adria-Bank International AG and other Austrian banks together lent $266 billion to governments, companies and households in the former communist part of Europe by the end of June, according to the BIS. That number doesn't include UniCredit SpA's Bank Austria unit, which holds the Italian lender's eastern European business and is counted with Italy by the BIS.
The biggest eastern European exposures of Austrian banks are to borrowers in the Czech Republic, Romania and Hungary, according to the BIS. Total consolidated assets of Austrian banks were 1.14 trillion euros ($1.6 trillion) at the end of June, according to the central bank, or four times last year's gross domestic product.
No Restriction
"If you take all of Austria's banking assets together and compare the sum to GDP, you're getting to a relatively high value compared with other countries," S&P's Schmaus said in a telephone interview. "This raises the question not just about the capacity of the state to support those banks, but also about its willingness."
The government provided about 9 billion euros in capital and guarantees to the country's banks in 2009 and 2010 and didn't restrict the use of the funds to domestic operations. Erste received 1.2 billion euros, Raiffeisen 1.75 billion euros and Hypo was nationalized. The government still has 6 billion euros left to provide, the Finance Ministry said Oct. 13.
"If there was a broad and very severe global economic downturn, eastern Europe would be hit as well and the question would be, does the Austrian state want to support its banks including all of their foreign subsidiaries, and does it have the capacity for it," Schmaus said.
AAA Rating
The extra interest Austria must pay investors to hold its bonds instead of German ones has soared this year, even as the country's debt and deficit is below the European average and it is one of the six remaining euro-area countries with the highest credit rating. The spread over German 10-year bonds rose to the highest in more than two years today and stood at 132 basis points by 4:05 p.m. Vienna time, up from a low of 35.6 basis points reached in June.
Erste, Raiffeisen, Hypo and Oesterreichische Volksbanken AG have all said that they don't plan to tap any more of the state funds. And while Greek, Belgian and Irish banks are selling some of their eastern European businesses, Austrian banks are staying put, Schmaus said.
S&P lowered Austria's banking industry country risk assessment, or BICRA, to Group 2 from Group 3 today. A BICRA is scored on a scale from 1 to 10, with 1 representing the lowest risk and 10 the highest. The economic risk score was downgraded to 2 from 1, while the industry risk score was assigned as 3, S&P said in the statement.
S&P published updates of its BICRAs for 86 countries today, as part of a review of its global bank ratings methodology. Schmaus said the change in the assessment of Austria is only partially relevant for the credit risk of individual Austrian lenders.
"Austria is one of the few countries worldwide where the dominant banks have a lot of assets abroad," Schmaus said. "The ratings for individual banks considers where they are active," he said. "Austria makes up only about 50 percent of the total business for the three big names."
--Editors: Zoe Schneeweiss, Douglas Lytle
To contact the reporter on this story: Boris Groendahl in Vienna at email@example.com
To contact the editor responsible for this story: Angela Cullen at firstname.lastname@example.com


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Letters to the Editor: 05.08.06
Amazing! Saturday, April 29, announcements concerning the Rush Limbaugh case provide a good insight into the slanting, intentionally or unintentionally, of news in modern media outlets.
The articles beneath the headlines were virtually identical, both being furnished by the Associated Press.
Your headline on the Associated Press announcement read: "Limbaugh's charge gets dropped," with a sub-head: "He was accused of painkiller fraud."
The headline of MSNBC's online blurb was "Limbaugh surrenders on Rx charge," and only if you opened the article would you see: "Limbaugh reaches settlement in drug case."
Both headlines were essentially true, but for skimmers and headline readers, the implications would be completely opposite.
Harold Stewart
Feathered friend
In defense of grackles . . .
I enjoyed the article on Wednesday, April 26, by reporter Mike Baird, "Grackles of a feather annoy together," and extend an invitation to Mike to come by my house to meet Nicademus.
I started feeding Nicademus small dog pellets a couple of years ago and now I feed him anywhere from four to eight times a day, depending on how often he can find me.
Finding me doesn't seem to be a problem, as he lands on a chair near my living room window and peers in. If he doesn't see me, he will fly to the patio to look through the kitchen window.
Four months ago I had gotten into my truck and started the engine, and he landed on my hood and was staring at me through the window. Of course, I turned the engine off and fed him.
If I am sitting on the patio, he will land on the back of my chair. Where this will end I don't know, but I would miss those bright yellow inquisitive eyes if someday he didn't show up. He also follows me if I walk to a neighbor's house.
I tell my wife I trained a grackle. My wife says, "No, he trained you!"
E. R. Frobish
Enough clearance
In response to request for taxpayer input on "Bridging a path to people."
The present restrictions of the port to handle deep draft traffic are 45-foot deep draft, 138-foot air draft and 1,000 foot docking.
Increasing air draft to 200 feet would not eliminate other restrictions. Also, increasing air draft would not eliminate need for offshore transfers in the large tankers entering lightering area that are drafting 50 feet and are in excess of 1,000 feet in length.
It is believed maximum deep draft has been reached, due to underwater pipelines and stability of dock pilings.
It is felt that the Pilot Association professionals would be most qualified to determine the needs of the harbor, in that they are responding for safe passage of deep draft traffic.
In conclusion, it is felt by this taxpayer that continued maintenance on present facilities is justified.
J. W. Wenzel
Very deserving
Ref: "Why Robstown?" (Letters, April 27).
The last time I looked, there were people living in Robstown and the surrounding towns who can take advantage of the new library, new baseball stadium, and the show barn. It is quite an insult to say that the people of this area do not deserve these nice facilities.
Angela Muselle-Woods
Enforce laws
I have two ideas regarding the rally/protest/parade put on by the Mexican community on May 1 throughout the United States.
Next time there is another parade of this nature, how about if we get the police department, sheriff's department, and the immigration officials out there, too?
They could stop every single person there and ask for their green card, their Social Security card, some sort of identification to show they are legally eligible to be in this country.
If they're not here legally, pack the buses with them and take them back to the border. If every city did this, I think a lot of this would stop.
Another thing we can do to get the point home about being legal is all people, white, brown, black, yellow or purple, who have a legal right to be here should have their own parade. I think everything would stop all business, all traffic. It would be a beautiful sight!
We are a nation of laws. We need to start enforcing them. Stop allowing these lawbreakers to flaunt themselves at our cost.
Suzanne Morgan
(Aransas Pass)
Big wave
To all those who think they will overflow this country with "tidal waves" of people . . .
There is a tsunami called China . . . waiting.
Carl Wilson
For political gain
My experiences with Hispanics since moving here a few years ago have been largely positive. Generally, I see them as religious, family-oriented, hard-working people: working hard to make a decent living, to speak English, to integrate into the community and improve it and its school system.
I don't see these citizens or the Hispanic leadership in our community being well represented or well served by the demanding demonstrators we saw on national television.
Those waving Mexican flags, singing the National Anthem with Spanish lyrics, and expressing demands and sentiments which, much like too many of our representatives in Congress, seem motivated more by political gain than a genuine interest in solving the complex problem of illegal immigration.
If anything, these demonstrations, well-meaning though some may have been, have resulted in greater polarization on the issue and have generated stronger opposition to a reasonable solution, rather than sending a message to Congress to put politics aside and come up with effective legislation to deal with the problem.
Bob Rutherford
Land of the meek
I have a lot to say about these things that are occurring, as we speak, around our country and I say: "Arriba el norte!" ("Hooray, for North America, Mexico included!")
I am a proud native, through blood that runs through my veins. I am a descendant of the Yaquis from Sonora (my great grandfather, Santos Alarcon), and while I have a Spanish last name, the color of my skin dictates that I am obviously of the "brown race" or "red," depending who you are talking to.
Point is, we are making a statement that we are here to stay, peacefully, and prepared to carry out what we have always said, and that is this land shall be inherited by the "meek." By hard work and dedication, we are prepared to take the land that was taken, even if we have to pay for it.
Now we have to stay focused, get an education, learn the language, English; most books of success and new sciences are in English.
Author Octavio Paz was right about the "brown race" becoming the "go-between-race" to bring all other races together.
And here we are: Hallelujah!
Roberto Suarez
Taxes hit all
The broad-brush statements made in the letters to the editor concerning illegal immigrants are very disturbing.
One letter writer states that illegal immigrants "expect" free stuff. There is no reason to believe that anything "free" is expected because in their own country, even small children have to work just to put food on the table.
Another writer says that illegal immigrants do not pay taxes. Try going to Wal-Mart and telling the cashier, "Don't charge me taxes; I am an illegal immigrant."
If a false Social Security number is being used, illegal immigrants will not file tax returns for refunds because they are afraid. What happens to those taxes?
Many citizens have misunderstood the marches on May 1. There was no intention to permanently cripple the economy or to hurt the United States in anyway.
All the marchers were saying is, "We are here contributing, not taking away. At least, give us respect by recognizing our contributions."
Many, many doctors, scientists and engineers are immigrants who enter this country through special considerations afforded to them because of their education. We welcome them. Let's work on solutions to welcome those whose work supports our lifestyles.
Toni Botello
(Rio Grande City)


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LOCAL 12 - Search Results
UC Loses to Louisville 58-57
CINCINNATI (WKRC) -- The University of Cincinnati's basketball team lost to Louisville 58-57 in Saturday's game.
UC got off to a horrible start with Justin Jackson picking up two fouls less than three minutes into the game and UC going over nine minutes in the first half without scoring while Louisville pulled ahead by as many as 10 points.
The Bearcats scored only nine points in the first 16 minutes, six of which from
Sean Kilpatrick who went on to score his 2,000 career point in the second half of the game.
UC trailed by as much as 10 points in the second half, but two free throws from Troy Caupin gave the Bearcats a 57-56 lead. The game-winner was decided with 2.2 seconds left with Louisville winning 58-57.
This game was possibly the last time UC and Louisville will play each other because Louisville in heading to the ACC next season, but there's a good chance they will face each other in three weeks in the AAC Tournament Championship game.


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Travel Photography Photos tagged as play
Cedar at Cable beach
Girl playing in the shadows at dusk
Royal Haciendas Resort. Timeshare resort located on a beautiful stretch of Caribbean beach just north of the resort town of Play del Carmen.
Every time a ship would pass the water from the canal would spill over onto the concrete. This little girl took every opportunity to splash and play in the water. Her mother was close by, watching.
An afternoon of swimming at the Swann Memorial Fountain
I am active as well as lazy. You give me work I'll first finish it and then take a break. You don't give me work I'll just sit at home and sleep,watch TV etc.


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Could we make the need to have z-index covered in SVG as a high priority? This will help adoption into other formats, as well as compatibility with other vector language standards. http://wiki.svg.org/SVG_Wishlist Best Regards, Joseph PallyReceived on Sunday, 27 September 2009 17:59:22 GMT
This archive was generated by hypermail 2.3.1 : Friday, 8 March 2013 15:54:43 GMT


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What happens when you you receive a call on the iphone 3GS and it was docked and playing music?
- Asked by John R from Rawang
- Jan 31, 2010
Bowers & Wilkins Zeppelin Mini
Product No Longer Available
1 Answer from the Community
It acts the same as the Zeppelin by B&W. It is magnetically shielded, so you don't need to put the phone in 'airplane mode'. If the phone is receiving a call, the music fades quickly to silence and the phone will ring (through it's own speakers).
- Answered by Eric H from New Malden
- Mar 5, 2010


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Fedora Hats
Fedora hats were born in the late 1800's, as a fashion accessory to depict the upper-class. Early in the 20th century, the fedora hat really grew in popularity; eventually surpassing the then admired Homburg Hat as the signature men's hat of the times.
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10th Annual Windows on Main St.
Need an artistic idea for your Labor Day Weekend?
Then check out the 10th Annual Windows on Main Street which promises to be the most spectacular installment yet!
You can walk all along Main Street in Beacon this weekend and see artists taking up the challenge of creating unique pieces of art inspired by and becoming part of a business along the way for the weekend


text:
Streaming Video Training Course.
Generational and Genetic Parenting: Why We're Screwed Up and How Not to Pass It On
Join the community for a two hour discussion through the channel on the patterns, messages and limiting beliefs that have been handed down, are held in our cells, are running us in the present, and are being passed on to future generations. Be free to create yourself through the unlimited possibility of who You Are;
© BKW Ententerprises, 2004–2014


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Now that fast processors and LTE connections are becoming more prevalent, the Multiplayer Online Battle Arena (MOBA) genre is about to have a renaissance on mobile platforms. Case in point: Blastron. It's a new take on the old Worms/Scorched Earth ballistics game, with player-controlled robots running around, blasting each other with weaponry that would be at home in any Looney Tunes production. It's a free download (with the usual in-app purchase trappings) in the Play Store.
Surprisingly, the licensed LEGO Star Wars PC and console games (and most of the subsequent Indiana Jones/Batman/Harry Potter/et cetera games) turned out to be pretty good. They're tight, enjoyable adventure games with interesting construction mechanics, and humor suitable to both kids and adults. Though The LEGO Group has released more than a dozen Android titles already, their first tie-in game is LEGO Star Wars: The Yoda Chronicles, available now as a free download.
Mark your calendars - Carmageddon will appear on Google Play next Friday, May 10th. The fine developers working on this decade-old port have announced that the game will be available free for the first 24 hours. If you need help remembering, they've offered to send you an email reminder. How nice.
Carmageddon first debuted in 1997 for Windows and Macintosh computers. It has since been ported to the original Playstation, the Nintendo 64, and the Game Boy Color.
Archery is an ancient and noble art, sitting at the intersection of physics, craft, and human skill. The Legend of Holy Archer is a somewhat ridiculous game where you control flying arrows with magic. What it lacks in authenticity it makes up for in genuine fun, thanks to solid controls and a unique game mechanic. The 3D title is a free download supported by in-app purchases (which are thankfully optional) and it's available on Android devices running Froyo or later.
If the success of the Torchlight series has taught us anything, it's that dungeon crawlers are far from obsolete. The latest Android entry in the storied genre is Dungeon Quest, a solid loot-fest that's still in beta. Though there's only one class (mage,) the randomized levels and equipment should please click-happy Diablo fans all over. 100 levels and 5 difficulty settings should will keep things interesting, and the happy-go-lucky graphics don't hurt, either.
If you've got fond memories of spending Saturday morning watching the antics of Peter Perfect, Penelope Pitstop, and Dick Dastardly (themselves based on The Great Race from 1965), then you should check out Steampunk Racing 3D. While it doesn't have the same abundance of personality as the Hanna Barbara classic, it's definitely got the cartoonish exaggeration down pat. In this full polygonal racer, you're tasked with navigating your steam-powered contraption through an Industrial Revolution setting while dealing with other racers, with varying degrees of prejudice.
It's been 25 years since Jaws: The Revenge hit theaters. The movie is unbelievably terrible (if you don't believe me, just ask Rotten Tomatoes, where it's got a rare 0% rating), but surprisingly, a licensed game released two and a half decades later is actually pretty fun. In Jaws Revenge, you take on the role of the titular shark to merrily swim the coastal waters, eating swimmers, divers, fish, seagulls and whatever else you can find.
It's been a long time since Desktop Tower Defense - the genre needs a little shaking up. And with the Prey series of shooter games under their belts, Human Head Studios thinks they're the ones to do it. Their latest game is Fort Courage, and it fits broadly into the mobile-friendly category. The free game is available right now on the Google Play Store, but you'll need an NVIDIA Tegra-powered device to run it, and a Tegra 3 for the best results.
Odds are pretty good that you've hear this phrase from grizzled SNES-era gamers entering their thirties: "Games are too easy these days!" (Of course, younger gamers will use the same tone to complain about a lack of regenerating health and auto-saves.) If you long for the days of three lives and no continues… then even you might not be hardcore enough for One Single Life. This freshman game from developer FreshTone takes the "permanent death" idea to extremes by allowing you, well, one single life.


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Butcher, Lola
The second in a series on quality improvement measures focuses on efforts to improve palliative and end-of-life care for neurology patients.
As physicians, payers, and policymakers increase their focus on end-of-life care in America, neurologists at Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) have embarked on a multifaceted quality improvement project to improve decision-making and protocols for care at the end of life.
"There is a real need for education on end-of-life care in neurology, and we are excited to see how this unfolds and to work on extending it further as we go," said Allison R. Gray, MD, a recent graduate of the Partners Neurology Residency Program at MGH and Brigham and Women's Hospital.
Dr. Gray is co-leading the Neurology Quality and Safety Committee's Goals of Care initiative with Mary Guanci, MSN, RN, a clinical nurse specialist in the neurology intensive care unit; and project manager Aurelie Cordier. To date, the quality improvement (QI) team has standardized education, documentation, and protocols for activities ranging from organ donations and writing the note when a patient dies to holding a family meeting and requesting an autopsy.
Still to come: developing simulation exercises and role-playing exercises to help MGH staff and residents improve decisions and family communication about whether to recommend shifting the goals of care to focus on comfort.
"We have a robust palliative care service that provides excellent end-of-life care, but the neurology side of things needed attention, especially around issues like prognosis and outcome prediction in the acute setting," said Aneesh B. Singhal, MD, director of neurology quality and safety at MGH. "That's what we decided to address."
As they search to improve the value of health care, many are turning their attention to end-of-life care. Of the $554 billion in Medicare spending in 2011, about 28 percent — $170 billion — was spent on patients during their last six months of life, according to the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services.
While high expenditures might be justified if they improve a patient's quality of life, futile care often is disruptive or uncomfortable. Joan Teno, MD, and her colleagues reported in a February paper in the Journal of the American Medical Association that 29 percent of Medicare beneficiaries who died in 2009 were admitted into an intensive care unit in the last month of life. Thus, good decision-making about the goals of care near the end of a patient's life is essential for both the quality and cost of care.
The quality of decision-making was one of the things that motivated Dr. Singhal to initiate MGH's Goals of Care QI project. Whether patients present with acute neurological injury such as stroke or traumatic brain injury or chronic progressive illnesses — brain tumors and motor neuron disease, for example — a physician may not be clear about what is best for the patient.
"Questions around the goals of care are often fraught with discomfort among the front line — the residents and nurses — because people may not be comfortable talking about the terminal stages of illness," he said.
He believed that, in some cases, decisions in the emergency department were being made prematurely, and information provided to family members did not always help them with decision-making. Beyond that, he had several other quality concerns — among them were declining autopsy rates and low organ donation rates. In addition, the documentation in patient records did not always reflect the level of care provided, and the residents and staff did not know the steps to take when a patient died.
"The overall goal is to improve the education and comfort level of residents, staff, and nurses; to conduct proper family meetings; and to improve everything that goes on at the end of life," Dr. Singhal said.
In the first phase of the initiative, the QI team created educational documents and templates that standardize procedures for care near the end of a patient's life. These include a how-to guide for holding a family meeting.
"These meetings can be some of the most important, most pivotal parts of a patient's experience and the family's experience, so it's really important to be prepared for a meeting like that," Dr. Gray said.
The guide, which is summarized in an online handbook and on a pocket card, lists reminders needed for a successful family meeting: making sure the right people are in attendance; words and phrases that should be avoided; the steps of carrying out the conversation; and guidance about giving prognostic information.
Online prognostication tools reflect the experience of a broad sample of patients, but their information may not be pertinent to the patient at hand, Dr. Singhal said. "I find that's really a fundamental problem in acute neurological situations like stroke," he said. "We really emphasize the point that these are just a guide, and we have seen examples of patients who, according to the tool, had zero percent chance of survival but who have actually gone back to college. By putting in these examples, I think it reminds the residents and the staff that the tool is just a tool and the score is just a score, but the patient in front of you might be very different."
The QI team also developed a document that lists triggers for consulting palliative care or the hospital ethics committee. "It's often not clear as to what's the right time to bring in an external consultant, but we have reached consensus on when that is appropriate," Dr. Singhal said.
The document also includes a contact card to make it easy for clinicians to contact the New England Organ Bank to arrange for organ donations; detailed instructions on how to complete the standard death report form; a templated note for the family meeting to ensure complete documentation of the discussion; and a standard order set for medications appropriate for various end-of-life situations.
Using the order sets, standardized notes and protocols are now mandatory for neurology residents.
Quality improvement for end-of-life care requires a multidisciplinary approach, and working with palliative care specialists is essential, Drs. Singhal and Gray agreed.
"End-of-life care in neurology can be quite different because the pathologies that lead to death in neurological patients can be acute and different than in patients with long-term cancers and other medical illnesses," Dr. Gray said. "But it has been enormously helpful to have the collaboration with our palliative care colleagues here."
Beyond that, the Goals of Care QI team includes Dr. Singhal; a project manager trained in QI techniques; a neuroethicist; a neurointensive care physician; a neurointensive care fellow; and a case manager.
"We have learned that it is extremely important to utilize the expertise of all the key players that factor into the patient's care in the hospital," she said.
The team is measuring its progress in several ways. A pre-project survey of caregivers was conducted to get baseline rates of satisfaction about end-of-life care and to assess their level of comfort with and their education about end-of-life protocols. A post-implementation survey will identify where improvement has been made and areas that need more attention.
Additionally, MGH will monitor rates of autopsy and organ donation after neurologic patients have died, and medication errors for drugs that are commonly used in end-of-life care, Dr. Singhal said.
"And we have implemented what's known as a death report form, which asks frontline caregivers directly about whether the death was preventable and whether anything within the system could have been improved," he said. "So we get constant feedback in trying to improve the whole process."
This article is the second in a new series profiling innovative neurology initiatives around quality improvements and performance measures. For more background on the movement, visit http://bit.ly/10rlOFX.
Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
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