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Scrolls of Watoomb
Edit Page Last Edit: 1 year 6 months ago
The Scrolls of Watoomb artifact is a special artifact which will give your hero the following stats;
- When activated hurl fireballs in every direction.
- 7-10% chance of setting the ground ablaze after the use of an AOE power
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Holdays.net Home
Gorgeous Antique Silver Plate
Gazelle Decorated Feet
Snail Decorated Handles
From a Connecticut Estate sale comes this Fabulous Antique FANCY ENGRAVED SILVER PLATE TANTALUS with THREE GORGEOUS CUT GLASS DECANTERS & PRISM CUT GLASS STOPPERS.
Standing 13 1/2" tall to the top of the two suitcase handles, this is 13 1/4" wide and about 6 3/4" front-to-back at the curved feet. I don't get these very often and have to say that this is the nicest I've ever had.
As shown, the top opens up to access the three extensively cut bottles
which are topped by round prism cut stoppers.
As shown, both the top and base of the carrier are decorated with tiny ball gadrooning
but the real charmer here is that the feet are decorated with gazelles
while the handles are decorated with snails.
The attention to detail is such that the middle bottle is a tiny bit shorter than the other two to allow this to snap closed at the top.
The bottoms of the bottles have a ray or sunburst design and the taller two are about 9 3/8" to the top of the stoppers whereas the middle bottle is about 9 1/8" tall. The bottles weigh between 2 ½ and 2 ¾ pounds each and the whole unit weighs in at about 15 pounds. The top opens and closes securely although I don't have the key to lock it at the top.
It has wonderful decoration on both sides and an un-monogrammed shield on each side at the base. The one thing this doesn't have is a maker's mark and I have been similarly frustrated with other pieces of similarly spectacular silver plate...they obviously didn't care who was going to looking at it a hundred or so years hence. Although my best guess is that it is late 1800's to early 1900's English, please buy it for what you think it is. As one would expect, the jars have minor chips at the base from having been removed and replaced in the holder for over one hundred years. I don't see or feel any chips on the faceted portions of the stoppers although there is a very minor chip or two on the bottoms of two of the stoppers.
As shown, the interior compartments where the bottles fit are clean.
All of my silver has been lightly polished for its photo shoot but can always benefit from additional polishing. Please see my listings for an eclectic selection of other vintage and antique items.
I apologize for the number of pictures in this listing but I wanted to make sure I did this justice.
International Buyers – Please Note: I send virtually all international packages fully insured and the insured amount has to be the same as the declared value, so please do not ask me to indicate either a lower value or that your item is a gift.
Import duties, taxes, and charges are not included in the item price or shipping cost. These charges are the buyer's responsibility.
Please check with your country's customs office to determine what these additional costs will be prior to offerding or buying.
If an international item sells for $75.00 or more, it has to be shipped via International Express Mail which provides real tracking capability. If you pay the invoice you receive from which may not include this form of shipping, I will refund your payment and re-invoice you.
Please note: There are some countries which do not allow Express International Delivery. If that is the case, the sale will have to be canceled.
This item has been shown 0 times.
Antique Cigar Case & Flask Combination Heavy Silverplate Sheffield England
Antique Barbour Repousse Silver Plated Bottle Holder
Antique Silverplate & Crystal Glass Cruet Castor Decanter 6 Piece Set & Caddy
Cruet/castor Set sale
Cruet~condiment Set~spinning Silver Metal Castor
Vintage Pewter Heart Shaped Wine Bottle Service Clamp *no Reserve*
Antique Simpson Hall Miller 5 Pc Cruet Set Silver Plate & Cut Glass Mustard Pot
Antique Huken & Heath 5 Piece Silver Plate Cut Glass Cruet Set Salt Mustard Pot
Apollo Silver Company Hammered Silverplated Flask 8-1/4" X 4-3/4"
Vintage J.a. Babcock Cruet Set Quaddrupple Plated

subset: commoncrawl


text: ICN International Nurse Practitioner/Advanced Practice Nursing Network Scope of Practice and Standards Scope of Practice, Standards and Competencies of the Advanced Practice Nurse Final Revision January 2005 The following copy of the final draft revision of the Scope of Practice, Standards and Competencies was provided to the international community of APNs in 2005. This draft was a result of an analysis of international survey results contributed by APNs, NNAs, Regulatory authorities and expert panels of APNs from around the world. Since that time several revisions have followed at ICN and a new document in the regulatory series has now been published. See the Book Store at ICN for the final version which can be purchased. The new document describes the generalist nurse framework and depicts competencies that include the generalists nurse competencies and APN competencies that go beyond that level in expectations and responsibilities. The document is long and the language is broad and flexible and can be used in planning the APN role. The version of the Scope of Practice, Standards and Competencies found on this website is free to download, is a clear and concise document that can also be used as a guide for nations and interested groups desiring to develop the APN in their nation/state. These standards, assumptions and competencies are foundational in the development process of the APN and are not meant to be prescriptive or rigidly interpreted. All standards and competencies must be able to be adapted to the norms and culture of the nation introducing the APN professional nurse role. Please use this document or the new document in future APN planning. The NP/APN definition and characteristics at the beginning of this document are the official positions of ICN approved in 2002. Definition: "A Nurse Practitioner / Advanced Practice Nurse is a registered nurse who has acquired the expert knowledge base, complex decision-making skills and clinical competencies for expanded practice, the characteristics of which are shaped by the context and / or country in which s/he is credentialed to practice. A Masters degree is recommended for entry level." (ICN, approved 2002) Characteristics ► Educational preparation Educational preparation at advanced level Formal recognition of educational programs preparing nurse practitioners/ advanced nursing practice roles accredited or approved. Formal system of licensure, registration, certification and credentialing. INP/APN – Taipei 2005 Scope, Standards & Competencies 1 ► Nature of Practice Integrates research, education, practice and management. High degree of professional autonomy and independent practice. Case Management /own caseload Advanced health assessment skills, decision-making skills and diagnostic reasoning skills. Recognized advanced clinical competencies. Provision of consultant services to health providers. Plans, implements & evaluates programs. Recognized first point of contact for clients. ► Regulatory mechanisms – Country specific regulations underpin NP / APN practice Right to diagnose. Authority to prescribe medication. Authority to prescribe treatment. Authority to refer clients to other professionals. Authority to admit patients to hospital. Legislation to confer and protect the title "Nurse Practitioner / Advanced Practice Nurse" Legislation or some other form of regulatory mechanism specific to advanced practice nurses. Officially recognized titles for nurses working in advanced practice roles. (ICN, approved 2002) INP/APN – Taipei 2005 Scope, Standards & Competencies 2 Scope of Practice Introduction: The following reflects the scope of practice for an Advanced Practice Nurse in the global community. This definition of scope of practice is intended to provide guidance and direction to nurses, the nursing profession, educators and regulatory authority/ies in determining the accepted level of practice for those prepared beyond the level of the generalist nurse. The scope will be appropriate where the concept of advanced practice nursing, as defined above, is acknowledged by the nursing profession and national governmental organizations. The collaborating health disciplines and credentialing authorities of the nation must also recognize the authorized role of the APN. Once the practitioner is educated and authorized, he/she then becomes fully accountable and responsible for his/her actions. Scope of practice: The scope of practice entails the cognitive, integrative and technical abilities of the qualified nurse to put into practice ethical and culturally safe acts, procedures, protocols and practice guidelines. The clinical practice of the APN is scientifically based and applicable to healthcare practice in primary, secondary and tertiary settings in all urban and rural communities. The role also encompasses the dimensions of patient and peer education, mentorship, leadership, management and includes the responsibility to translate, utilize and undertake meaningful research to advance and improve nursing practice. The APN is able to: 1. Conduct comprehensive advanced assessments of individual, families and communities. 2. Critically analyze and synthesize assessment data for sound decision-making. 3. Diagnose and manage healthcare problems and conditions. 4. Prescribe and write orders for diagnostic interventions, appliances, treatments and authorized medicines. 5. Initiate and coordinate the treatment and education for individuals, families and communities for their health protection, health promotion, and disease prevention. 6. Make referrals of patients to and receive referrals from other healthcare providers to ensure continuous care. 7. Serve as a consultant to other healthcare providers when appropriate. 8. Admit patients to and discharge patients from health care facilities. 9. Manage patient caseload when applicable. 10. Work collaboratively with public health, health care professionals and other relevant community leaders and/or agencies to improve the overall health of the community. 11. Initiate, contribute to and/or sustain research to promote evidence-based nursing practice. 12. Evaluate practice to ensure professional, ethical, equitable and quality healthcare service. 13. Use appropriate investigatory skills to improve and advance practice. INP/APN – Taipei 2005 Scope, Standards & Competencies 3 STANDARDS AND CORE COMPETENCIES FOR ADVANCED PRACTICE NURSING Introduction Access to health care, delivery of health care services and nurses providing these services are changing in response to the needs and demands of the global community. Each country and/or nation is attempting to deal with increasing and changing health care needs in a manner best suited for their people and available resources. As a result of the expanded needs, advance practice nursing roles are emerging world -wide. This document aims to provide guidelines for the international nursing community, applicable professional, private and governmental institutions on the standards and core competencies required for the advanced practice nursing clinical roles. It is recognized that the APN works within the context of a health care environment that requires knowledge and skill beyond clinical expertise. These additional dimensions include the management of health care organizations, academic teaching, and policy making related to health care and humanitarian conditions. This document does not however cover standards related to these additional dimensions of the APN role. The standards identified in these guidelines is based on the premise that core competencies will arise from the three pillars of nursing articulated by ICN, namely the standards for regulation, practice and socio-economic welfare. Essential standards for the education and regulation and core competencies of the APN are set out to assist countries during the formative period of the APN role development. They can be refined and adapted as the role emerges within each nation or country so that they reflect the applicable scope of practice and cultural context. References for additional guides can be found in the reference section of the paper. Assumptions The APN 1. Standards and competencies are built on those that a nurse brings from his/her generalist nurse preparation and experience. 2. Standards and competencies are focused on advanced clinical practice. 3. Standards and competencies are reviewed periodically for maintaining currency in practice. 4. Practices within the authorized and regulatory framework of his/her country 5. Practices within the established code of ethics. 6. Practices in a healthcare system environment that is influenced by the social, political and economic milieu. 7. Practices in collaboration with health care professionals. 8. Faculty/ies teaching advanced practice nursing is/are prepared at, or beyond the level of the students. INP/APN – Taipei 2005 Scope, Standards & Competencies 4 Standards for Regulation In our societies, regulation, through a formally authorized institution or agency, public or private, has as its purpose to monitor and protect society and the individual practitioner. The body regulating the nursing profession, civil or professional, uses standards and the scope of practice to identify current practice and to evolve the rules necessary for acknowledging and regulating the advance practice nurse. These standards should minimally include the following: 1. Develop and maintain sound credentialing mechanisms that enable the qualified nurse to practice in the advanced role reflected in the established scope of practice. Establish relevant civil legislation or rules to acknowledge the legitimate role monitor the competence, and protect the public as well as the nurse practicing in an advanced role. Periodically revise regulatory language to maintain currency with practice and scientific advancement. Establish the title protection through rule making or civil legislation. Standards for Education The professional preparation of the advanced practice nurse has its foundation in educational institutions that are recognized by accrediting/approving bodies of the specific nation or international community. The formal education program for the experienced generalist nurse is preferably at the Master's level. Guidelines for curriculum development and content topics are beyond the scope of this document and will depend on the scope of practice for each specific nation or country and their health care system. Sources for additional direction can be found in the reference section of this document. Standards guiding the development of programs preparing advanced practice nurses are as follows: 1. Programs prepare the generalist nurse for practice beyond that expected for entry into nursing practice, and include opportunities for the student to gain knowledge, experience and the necessary skills to competently function in the role of the advanced practice nurse. 2. Programs prepare the nurse to practice in the health care environment of the nation to the fullest extent of the role as defined in the recognized scope of practice. 3. Programs are staffed by qualified faculty. 4. Programs are accredited by the authorized credentialing body. 5. Programs facilitate lifelong learning and maintenance of competencies. Core Competencies The competencies for advanced practice nursing roles arise from role requirements, principles of practice, rules and standards of professional behaviour necessary to provide competent, ethical and safe care. These core competencies are the foundation on which INP/APN – Taipei 2005 Scope, Standards & Competencies 2. 3. 4. 5 individual practitioners, educators and regulators can determine the acceptable level necessary to practice in the advanced role for a specific national or situational context. These competencies also reflect the international values of the nursing profession and offer direction for clinical practice and professional development. The competencies address two elements of the APN role; clinical practice and professional development. Both elements are essential for the APN to meet the acceptable standards of practice. These competencies will assist the individual practitioner to practice within the ever changing health care environment that responds to scientific advancements, disease patterns, and current political, social and economic pressures. Practice Competencies The APN 1. Uses advanced comprehensive assessment, diagnostic, treatment planning, implementation and evaluation skills. 2. Applies and adapts advanced skills in complex and /or unstable environments. 3. Applies sound advanced clinical reasoning and decision making to inform, guide and teach in practice. 4. Documents assessment, diagnosis, management and monitors treatment and followup care in partnership with the patient. 5. Prescribes and dispenses treatments according to the authorized scope of practice, guidelines and/or protocols. 6. Uses applicable communication, counselling, advocacy and interpersonal skills, to initiate, develop, and discontinue therapeutic relationships. 7. Refers to and accepts referrals from other health care professionals to maintain continuity of care. 8. Practices independently where authorized and the regulatory framework allows in the interest of the patients, families, and communities. 9. Consults with and is consulted by other health care professionals and others. 10. Works in collaboration with health team members in the interest of the patient. 11. Develops a practice that is based on current scientific evidence and incorporated into the health management of patients, families and communities. 12. Introduces tests, evaluates and manages evidence based practice. 13. Uses research to produce evidence based practice to improve the safety, efficiency and effectiveness of care. 14. Engages in ethical practice in all aspects of the APN role responsibility. 15. Accepts accountability and responsibility for their own advanced professional judgement, actions and continued competence. 16. Creates and maintains a safe therapeutic environment through the use of risk management strategies and quality improvement. 17. Assumes leadership and management responsibilities in the delivery of efficient advanced practice nursing services in a changing health care system. 18. Acts as an advocate for patients in the health care system and in the development of health policies that promote and protect the individual patient, family and community. 19. Adapts practice to the contextual and cultural milieu. INP/APN – Taipei 2005 Scope, Standards & Competencies 6 Professional Development Competencies The competencies for professional development will assist the individual to accomplish and maintain the level of proficiency necessary to practice in the advanced role. These competencies speak to the individual's role in self governance of their professional practice and personal development. The APN 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Carries out regular review of own practice through peer review and other mechanisms. Contributes to new knowledge and practice development by maintaining currency of scientific and technological advancements in nursing. Evaluates health outcomes of advanced practice services to assist in shaping health care and nursing practice. Participates in local and national policymaking, in concert with professional organizations, to influence equitable health care and the maintenance of the NP/APN role. Provides leadership among peers in formulating and implementing policies, standards and procedures for advanced practice in the work environment. Is organized professionally to promote the APN role through the refinement of measurable competency criteria and contribute to improved health care. Conclusion These standards and core competencies provide a foundation and broad guidelines for advanced practice nurses and contributing authorities all over the world to develop this role within their own country while meeting the established professional, authorized and regulatory frameworks and requirements. For additional information please contact: Rosemary Goodyear EdD, APRN-BC, FAANP Chair, Core Steering Group International Nurse Practitioner/Advanced Practice Nursing Network firstname.lastname@example.com INP/APN – Taipei 2005 Scope, Standards & Competencies 7


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- Hide-a-lite CounterBrite under cabinet halogen light
- Features a unique reflector design to provide an extremely wide distribution of bright white light for under cabinet lighting
- Direct wire unit, no transformer required
- Multiple units may be wired from one outlet box, if desired. Comes complete with two-level hi-lo switch and 50w E-11 mini-can halogen lamp
- Measures 9-1/4" Long, 4" wide and 1-1/2" high
Additional Progress Lighting Links
- View Manufacturer Warranty
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Our SKU: Progress Lighting P7533WB
This product is listed under the following manufacturer number(s):
- Progress Lighting P7533-31WB
- Progress Lighting P7533-09WB*
Brushed Nickel
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*Denotes a finish or option that has been discontinued
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Installation Resource Center
Whether you are installing the product yourself or hiring a professional, our installation Resource Center has everything you need to get your project done. Visit the Installation Resource Center to get started.


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Here following the link to the website takinhthekids.com, where they talk about the recent visit and tasting at Luigi Guffanti caves in Arona. Have a nice reading!
Categoria : News
Situated between 1300 and 2200 meters in altitude, the Alpine pastures produce in the heart of summer a greatly reduced amount of amazing cheeses. For 125 years, our trade has been to know the places, the people, and the traditions, in order to select the best of the best of Italian cheese production.
Let us suggest a short itinerary for an outing in the hills of Val Bognanco, in ...Read more
Follow us to get to know the producers of our cheeses: craftsmen from all the Italian regions who cultivate a centuries old craft.
The attention we pay to very typical cheeses leads us to personally deal with the various processing phases within our national territory. The images that foll ...Read more
A good cheese refiner is brought to light an extraordinary range of his knowledge of people, places, animals, for his theoretical competence and dexterity, but also the availability of another equally important requirement: the suitable ...Read more


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I just watched Batch data processing with App Engine session of Google I/O 2010, read some parts of MapReduce article from Google Research and now I am thinking to use MapReduce on Google App Engine to implement a recommender system in Python.
I prefer using appengine-mapreduce instead of Task Queue API because the former offers easy iteration over all instances of some kind, automatic batching, automatic task chaining, etc. The problem is: my recommender system needs to calculate correlation between instances of two different Models, i.e., instances of two distinct kinds.
I have these two Models: User and Item. Each one has a list of tags as an attribute. Below are the functions to calculate correlation between users and items. Note that
calculateCorrelation should be called for every combination of users and items:
def calculateCorrelation(user, item):
return calculateCorrelationAverage(u.tags, i.tags)
def calculateCorrelationAverage(tags1, tags2):
correlationSum = 0.0
for (tag1, tag2) in allCombinations(tags1, tags2):
correlationSum += correlation(tag1, tag2)
return correlationSum / (len(tags1) + len(tags2))
def allCombinations(list1, list2):
combinations = []
for x in list1:
for y in list2:
combinations.append((x, y))
return combinations
But that
calculateCorrelation is not a valid Mapper in appengine-mapreduce and maybe this function is not even compatible with MapReduce computation concept. Yet, I need to be sure... it would be really great for me having those appengine-mapreduce advantages like automatic batching and task chaining.
Is there any solution for that?
Should I define my own InputReader? A new InputReader that reads all instances of two different kinds is compatible with the current appengine-mapreduce implementation?
Or should I try the following?
- Combine all keys of all entities of these two kinds, two by two, into instances of a new Model (possibly using MapReduce)
- Iterate using mappers over instances of this new Model
- For each instance, use keys inside it to get the two entities of different kinds and calculate the correlation between them.


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in good time
See in due course.
In a short time, quickly; also, earlier than expected. For example, We want to get home in good time for the broadcast, or They submitted the bis in good time. [Late 1500s]
Dictionary.com presents 366 FAQs, incorporating some of the frequently asked questions from the past with newer queries.


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Call in to speak with the host
(347) 850-1650
Kia Rap Princess is a triple threat artist from Milwaukee, WI. Her primary talents are songwriting and rapping but she also sings as well. Her variety of skills allows her to be extremely flexible with her style; fitting into any genre of music from Hip-Hop to Alternative. She was immersed in music at an early age and took to it quickly. Growing up on everything from R&B to Jazz, Kia's musicality was destined to make her a star. In 2007, she landed a meeting with some Sony A&R personnel in California, who ultimately wanted to sign her.
Unfortunately, Sony suffered from a buyout and things didn't quite pan out for the rap princess. However, Kia didn't let that stop her from pushing for her dream. She returned to Milwaukee and is now linked up with Blaqlizt Music Entertainment. She has made a reputable name for herself due to her innovative rhymes, extremely charismatic persona, and hardcore work ethic.
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old-style code for hosted blogs
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It's good to talk.


text:
Telefonica in surprise Sogecable sale, Prisa hit
MADRID (Reuters) - Spanish telecommunications group Telefonica SA (TEF.MC) said on Friday it would sell its 16.8 percent stake in pay-TV company Sogecable SA SGCE.MC, an about face that sent shares in Sogecable's parent Prisa (PRS.MC) lower.
"This is an unpleasant surprise for Prisa because it means shelling out another 650 million euros ($1 billion) in its (Sogecable) bid," said an analyst at a foreign brokerage in Madrid.
The move set tongues wagging about Prisa's options in an upcoming reorganization of its TV business, now that it will not have the support of the euro zone's biggest telecoms company via Telefonica's holding.
Prisa's shares closed down 1.8 percent at 11.04 euros, off an earlier low of 10.42 euros. Analysts said it indicated the situation had perhaps not worsened radically for its newspapers-to-TV empire.
"It's a surprise, it increases the cost of the deal, but it doesn't change much beyond that. In the end, Prisa will merge with Sogecable and will likely want to sell its pay-TV business. But that's not going to happen in the short term," said Cristina Alvarez, analyst at ING in Madrid.
She argued Prisa still had to resolve a football rights conflict, currently in the courts, and confront a difficult economic climate with its Digital Plus pay-TV arm no longer growing to potential. These factors would curb a possible sale.
In a statement later Friday, Prisa said it expected to get 95 percent of Sogecable's shares, a result that would be "very satisfactory." It soon hoped to start the restructuring.
Prisa offered 28 euros per share for Sogecable late last year, a bid it was obliged to make after its stake in the unit topped 50 percent.
Another analyst estimated that, with this latest payment, Prisa's debt-to-EBITDA ratio would rise to 6.2 times from 3.8 at the end of 2007.
Prisa, the owner of national daily newspaper El Pais, is about to embark on an overhaul of its audiovisual interests, and many analysts anticipate it will eventually sell Digital Plus.
Some even speculated Telefonica itself was the natural buyer for Digital Plus, given its own pay-TV business, Imagenio.
But in the past few months, the outlook for television has changed due to tougher competition and a bleak outlook for advertising -- the mainstay of free TV -- as the economy weakens.
"Telefonica doesn't need a stake in a content company to guarantee it has content," said a telecoms analyst who requested anonymity.
With or without Telefonica, Prisa might have a hard time selling its pay-TV business because merger activity has all but dried up in the wake of the global credit crunch.
Prisa's bid for Sogecable was aimed at simply gaining more control of the business, and it initially spoke of keeping the unit listed.
But stock markets have fallen substantially since then, making Prisa's offer much more attractive than it expected.
Before Telefonica's announcement, Prisa was expected to get around 80 percent of Sogecable's shares in the bid, boosting its debt by more than 1 billion euros to between 4.2 billion and 4.4 billion, according to analysts.
Other analysts spoke of a possible clash between the two partners, which have a separate content agreement.
In February, Telefonica Chairman Cesar Alierta said the company was "delighted" with its Sogecable stake and would keep it.
($1=.6468 Euro)
(Reporting by Elisabeth O'Leary and Robert Hetz; Editing by David Hulmes/Jeffrey Benkoe)


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text:
Signs Along The Snake Posters
Signs Along The Snake Posters is extremely outstanding and makes a satisfying wall decoration, the unit dimension is 13 x 12 inch and the price is $44.99. If you're trying to ask for top recommended Signs Along The Snake Posters with affordable price, the unit is the valuable deals for you.
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A mellower version of Franti's originals. Perfect for those times when you want to relax a bit.Published 2 days ago by A. Derifield
Michael Franti without the "Boom, Boom, Boom." Very nice - like having him on your own front porch.Published 14 days ago by D. Dorsett
This album will grow on you quickly. It takes time, but is well worth it. Some songs are even better in acoustic format. I cannot be impartial, because I like anything he does. Read morePublished 4 months ago by william a. roesler
Love Michael Franti. This is a great acoustic album to listen to while sitting outside with a delightful book or driving on backroads.Published 5 months ago by cep34
Its a little different than you are use to. But it is very enjoyable and sound great.
More of a Wine as to Beer kind of sound.
You just can't go wrong with Michael Franti! This is a great CD, just like all of his others! His musci is all so inspirational...he is my go to when I need a pick me up!Published 13 months ago by J. Bielemeier
Michael Franti's lyrics are deep and worth listening to over and over. The most energetic concert you will attend. And Amazons process makes it difficult to participate in!Published 14 months ago by Ron


text:
The majority of sales in South East during the last year were terraced properties, selling for an average price of £273,047. Flats sold for an average of £214,014, with detached properties fetching £513,993.
South East, with an overall average price of £322,362 was more expensive than nearby East of England (£258,118) and West Midlands (£183,175), but was cheaper than London (£516,304). The most expensive area within South East was Surrey (£435,264) and the cheapest was Isle Of Wight (£206,833).
Overall sold prices in South East over the last year were 7% up on the previous year and 10% up on the 2010 level of £292,594.


text:
Villa Earns $50k Walmart Grant
St. Joseph's Villa announced this week that it had received notice of a one-year, $50,000 grant from The Walmart Foundation in support of workforce development programs. The grant follows a similar one awarded by The Walmart Foundation in late 2009.
Funds will be used to support "Stepping Up," the Villa's workforce development and transition planning initiative. The initiative continues to be based on assessment, planning, and training for Villa clients at Flagler Home, Dooley School and the Sarah Dooley Center for Autism.
Clients in the workforce development program complete a career assessment, develop a transition plan which incorporates interests and abilities, and develop a budget based on the lives they envision following graduation.
St. Joseph's Villa has operated its "Stepping Up" program at Flagler Home for the past 10 years, and similar programs at Dooley School and Sarah Dooley Center for Autism have increased efforts to better prepare students for life after graduation.
This year, the Villa intends to begin the CARF (Commission on Accreditation of Rehabilitation Facilities) accreditation process, to develop a partnership with the Virginia Department of Rehabilitative Services (DRS) to offer work adjustment services, and to create additional internship opportunities in support of its vocational and transition services.
"We are thrilled to have this support from the Walmart Foundation," said Cynthia Faison, Chief Operations Officer at St. Joseph's Villa. "Career and transition services are vitally important to the futures our clients are building for themselves and their families. The Walmart Foundation's support enables us to 'take it to the next level' and make many of our plans a reality."
Holidays will delay some CVWMA collections
Citizen Staff Reports 12/15/2014
CVWMA curbside recycling collection and trash collections will have a one day delay in collections Dec. 25-26 and Jan. 1-2. There will be no collections on Dec. 25 or Jan. 1.
Curbside recycling collections Monday through Wednesday will be on regular schedule. Red Thursday and Red Friday curbside recyclers will have a one day delay in collection services Dec. 25-26. Blue Thursday and Blue Friday curbside recyclers will have one day delay in collection services Jan. 1-2. Containers should be placed at the curb by 7 a.m. on collection day. All Friday collections will take place on Saturday. > Read more.
MADD to host candlelight vigil Dec. 2 at UR
Mothers Against Drunk Driving (MADD) will host a candlelight vigil of remembrance and hope Tuesday, Dec. 2 at 7 p.m. at the University of Richmond, outside the Cannon Chapel. The public is invited to attend and join MADD to honor victims of impaired driving crashes, while helping to remind the community to be safe during the holidays. > Read more.
Tournament supports adoption efforts
Among participants at the Seventh Annual Coordinators2Inc Golf Tournament and awards luncheon Oct. 3 were (from left) Rebecca Ricardo, C2 Inc executive director; Kevin Derr, member of the winning foursome; Sharon Richardson, C2 Inc founder; and Frank Ridgway and Jon King, members of the winning foursome.
Held at The Crossings Golf Club, the tournament will benefit placement of children from Virginia's foster care system into permanent families through Coordinators2. > Read more.
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A gift that should stop giving
'Jingle All the Way 2' is expectedly flawed
Was anyone asking for an extra-large helping of Larry the Cable Guy this Christmas? If so, you can thank Santa Claus for Jingle All the Way 2.
If not, you can be like the rest of us and curse Santa for his folly in creating such a film. Santa, we neither wanted nor needed this.
A follow-up to the much-derided 1996 Christmas film Jingle All the Way, Jingle All the Way 2 isn't so much a sequel as it is an odd kind of remake, offering a few original twists on the original's dad-vs-dad holiday showdown, but also copying large chunks of the original without alteration. > Read more.
Restaurant watch
Find out how your favorite dining establishments fared during their most recent inspections by the Virginia Department of Health. > Read more.
Weekend Top 10
Several holiday performances take place this weekend in Henrico including "It's a Wonderful Life" and Theatre IV on Tour's "'Twas the Night Before Christmas" – both at The Cultural Arts Center at Glen Allen. The Central Virginia Masterworks Chorale will perform Vivaldi's "Gloria" at River Road Church, Baptist and the Virginia Repertory Theatre will present "Santa's Christmas Miracle" at the Children's Theatre at Willow Lawn. A fun annual tradition, now in its 14th year, will be at SkateNation Plus in Short Pump – Chabad of Virginia's Chanukah on Ice. For all our top picks this weekend, click here! > Read more.
GRTC's 'Where's Santa?' returns
Henrico County property transactions, Nov. 17-23
Henrico Board of Supervisors adjourns until Jan. 13
Raccoon found in West End tests positive for rabies
Richmond woman caught with gun at RIC checkpoint
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Print Edition
Dec. 18, 2014Click here to read the print edition.
A gift that should stop giving
Restaurant watch
Weekend Top 10
Weekend Top 10
Firing up a winner
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Obituary – Ethel K. Hutcherson
obituary – Williams C. Bosher, Jr.
Obituary – Eric Dean Ritchie
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Holidays will delay some CVWMA collections
MADD to host candlelight vigil Dec. 2 at UR
Tournament supports adoption efforts
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An actual holiday spirit
Mi-'Steak'-en anger
Letters to the Editor
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Richmond Strikers form girls lacrosse program
Virginia fisherman wins James River event in Henrico
Hermitage to host Monday night football events
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CalendarAll Children's Museum of Richmond locations, including CMoR Short Pump at 2200 Old Brick Rd., will host a New Year's Eve Bash from 10 a.m. to 2 p.m. There will… Full text


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New Time Machine option in 10.5.3; Boston store opens ThursdayA new option scheduled to arrive alongside Mac OS X 10.5.3 will allow Time Machine users to chance backups while on battery power. Meanwhile, Apple has announced that its Boston flagship shop will open its doors this Thursday. And Ireland is the latest European country to see substantial iPhone discounts.
New Time Machine option in Mac OS X 10.5.3
Developers testing pre-release builds of Mac OS X 10.5.3 report that Apple plans to offer users of the impending Leopard update a new Time Machine toggle that will keep the backup software functional even on notebooks running on battery power.
As both a safety precaution and power conservation measure, the existing version of Time Machine suspends scheduled backups when a Mac notebook's power cord is disconnected, then resumes them once the cord is plugged back in.
As of Mac OS X 10.5.3 build 9D29, released privately on Thursday, the option is said to be disabled by default. The toggle checkbox is accessible by selecting the "Options" button in the Time Machine system preferences.
Boston store grand opening this Thursday
Meanwhile, Apple has announced that its latest flagship retail shop at 815 Boylston Street in Boston, Massachusetts will officially open its doors this Thursday, May 15.
"When the Apple Store, Boylston Street, opens this Thursday, May 15 at 6:00 p.m., its sure to be a fan favorite," the company said. "To celebrate, were giving away limited edition T-shirts and other surprises. Therell be plenty to do this weekend, including free workshops, special events, and live musical performances."
The May 15th opening is one day prior to what ifoAppleStore had previously predicted.
O2 Ireland now offering 100 euro iPhone discount
Following a 300 euro discount by T-Mobile Germany and a 100 pound cut by O2 of the UK, O2 of Ireland also recently announced a discount on the 8GB iPhone, presumably aimed at clearing inventories ahead of a 3G model.
The carrier via its website now lists the 8GB model at 299 euros, down from 399 euros.
An advertisement promoting the 100 euro discount was also published in regional newspapers over the weekend, according to AppleInsider readers.
On Topic: Apple Retail
- Work on Apple's new Union Square site begins as existing San Francisco store gets Winter Walk
- Apple to add 7th NYC store next year with new Brooklyn location
- Apple Store to restart Bose product sales after abrupt removal, report says
- Apple to host 'Hour of Code' at retail stores worldwide in December
- Apple reveals Black Friday partnership with Product (RED) for gift card sale


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A braided reinforcement for tubular conduits such as hose, and a method and apparatus for producing such reinforcement are disclosed. The reinforcement is characterized by a three over, three under braid pattern. The apparatus comprises as Maypole type braider wherein each driver of the braider includes six pockets to accommodate carrier spindles, and the number of carriers is three times the number of drivers. The invention provides an improved braided product which can be produced at lower cost with increased output.
1. A Maypole braiding machine for producing a tubular braided structure having a uniform braid pattern comprising, a base plate, an even number of drivers rotatably mounted on said base plate in a circle, the center of said circle defining a braid point, means for rotating said drivers at the same speed with adjacent drivers rotating in opposite directions, a plurality of carriers supported and driven by said drivers, the number of said carriers being three times the number of said drivers, said drivers directing half of said carriers in one direction along an endless sinuous path about said braid point, and the other half of said carriers in the opposite direction along an endless intersecting sinuous path around said braid point such that each carrier passes alternately outside of three carriers and inside of three carriers traveling in the opposite direction so as to provide a tubular braided structure having a three over and three under braiding pattern around said braid point during operation.
2. The invention as claimed in claim 1, wherein each said driver comprises six pockets spaced at 60� intervals for receiving said carriers.
3. The invention as claimed in claim 1, including means for retaining said carriers on said drivers and for transferring said carriers between said drivers.
4. The invention as claimed in claim 3, wherein said means for retaining and transferring said carriers comprises a roller disposed adjacent each driver pocket, and tracks on each carrier disposed for selective cooperative engagement with said rollers.
5. The invention as claimed in claim 1, comprising means for continuously rotating each carrier as it is driven by said drivers so that each carrier rotates 360� around the carrier spindle axis during one orbit around the base plate.
6. The invention as claimed in claim 5, wherein said means for rotating said carriers comprises a system of planetary gearing.
7. The invention as claimed in claim 6 wherein there are eight drivers.
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates generally to braided structures and to methods and apparatus for producing braided products or braided reinforcement.
More specifically, the invention is directed to an improved braided reinforcement for tubular conduits such as hose characterized by a three over, three under braid pattern. The invention further is directed to a method and apparatus for producing a three over, three under braid structure utilizing a Maypole type braider.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Braided structures have long been used to provide a combination of strength and flexibility to products such as rope and cable formed of yarn or wires as well as to flexible tubular structures in the form of reinforcement, for example hose for high pressure service covered with a braided yarn or wire reinforcement.
The conventional form of braided reinforcement for flexible conduits such as hose employs a "two over, two under" braid configuration. This has been the standard braid pattern for tubular braid structures and virtually all apparatus for forming such structures has been built to produce a two over, two under braid. Efforts to increase the performance of conventional two over, two under reinforcement have focused on the use of stronger materials, increased utilization of the available strand space, the twisting of the strands, and pressurized treatment of the braid structure prior to use. However, all of these efforts have been made in the context of a conventional two over, two under braid pattern.
The conventional braided reinforced hose comprises a plurality of flat strands of parallel yarns or wires, the wire being typically employed for high pressure hose. Since the burst strength of reinforced hose is essentially dependent upon the amount of material in the braided reinforcement, improved hose strength could be achieved by utilization of a plurality of braided layers. Such an approach is expensive in that a second braiding operation is required, and a second braided reinforcement does not effectively serve to double the hose burst strength.
A significant departure from the conventional flat braid comprised of carefully controlled parallel wires is disclosed in the Slade U.S. Pat. No. 3,463,197, wherein a mounded strand configuration utilizing a large number of small wires was proposed. This approach provided markedly improved hose performance, particularly in terms of impulse strength and has been widely used in high pressure hose applications, particularly in the aircraft industry. U.S. Pat. No. 4,567,917 to Millard adds a further step to the mounded configuration proposed by Slade, namely the preforming of the wire and the twisting of the strands to more equally distribute the pressure loads on the strand wires.
Despite the proposed changes in configuration of the strands and the materials and number of ends comprising each strand, a constant characteristic of braided reinforced hose over the past fifty years has been the utilization of the standard two over, two under braid pattern. The reinforcing braid proposed by the present invention departs markedly from this accepted standard.
The methods employed and the apparatus utilized in producing a conventional two over, two under braid vary to some degree, but fall basically in two categories. The first is the so-called Maypole or sinuous braiding technique wherein the strand carriers are moved in an intersecting serpentine path on a braiding deck as the strands are let off under tension onto the tubular element to be reinforced which is pulled at a uniform rate in a direction perpendicular to the deck. Although early forms of Maypole braiders utilized mechanisms for driving the carriers in opposite directions around sinuous tracks mounted on the braider deck, modern Maypole braiders utilize planetary gearing and a cam track and cam follower system on the carriers and drivers to eliminate the tracks and their attendant high friction and wear problems. An example of such a modern planetary gear type Maypole braider is shown for example in my U.S. Pat. No. 3,783,736, issued Jan. 8, 1974.
In a second type of braiding technique, the strand carriers are arranged in two annular groups which are axially spaced with respect to the tube to be reinforced. The groups are rotated in opposite directions with respect to the tube and a mechanism is provided for alternately guiding the strands from the outer group of carriers over and under the carriers of the inner group. Apparatus for carrying out this second technique is known as a rotary braider, an example of which is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,034,642 issued July 12, 1977.
The present invention, in contrast to the two over, two under braid pattern, comprises a three over, three under braid pattern for hose reinforcement with anticipated improvements in hose performance, as well as in speed and economy of manufacture. The three over, three under braid pattern in view of its gentler, less tortuous path due to the fewer strand intersections should provide more uniform tension of the strand elements resulting in fewer cross-overs during braiding and permitting the use of higher tensile strength braid materials.
The invention further comprises a method and apparatus for producing a three over, three under braid pattern in a braided structure and particularly utilizing a Maypole type braider. Each driver of the braider comprises six pockets to accommodate carrier spindles and the braider may thus accommodate three carriers for each driver rather than the two utilized in conventional Maypole braiders for producing two over, two under braid. Consequently, the output of a Maypole type braider can be significantly increased when constructed in accordance with the invention to produce a three over, three under braid without increasing the rotational speed of the drivers. Furthermore, the drivers being fewer in number for the same number of carriers simplifies the braider construction. Also, the drivers are larger in diameter, permitting the use of larger axles, bearings, etc. to produce a more durable machine.
It is accordingly a first object of the present invention to provide an improved reinforcing braid for a flexible tubular conduit such as a hose, said braid being characterized by a three over, three under braid pattern.
A further object of the invention is to provide a reinforcing braid as described having improved performance in comparison with conventional braid in view of its fewer strand intersections and less tortuous strand paths.
Still another object of the invention is to provide a reinforcing braid as described which is particularly adapted to implementation with high tensile strength materials.
Another object of the invention is to provide a reinforcing braid as described which is more economical to manufacture and which can be manufactured at a faster rate than conventional braid reinforcement.
Still another object of the invention is to provide a reinforcing braid as described which is particularly adapted for manufacture utilizing Maypole type braiding equipment.
A further object of the invention is to provide a method of economically manufacturing the improved reinforcing braid as described.
Still another object of the invention is to provide a Maypole type braiding machine for producing a three over, three under braid pattern.
Another object of the invention is to provide a Maypole type braiding machine as described having a higher output than conventional braiding equipment designed for conventional braid pattern.
A still further object of the invention is to provide a Maypole braider as described which can utilize carriers of a type conventional to Maypole braiders.
Additional objects and advantages of the invention will be more readily apparent from the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments thereof when considered in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is a front elevational view of a horizontal Maypole braider in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a sectional view similar to FIG. 1, but taken through the carrier spindles to show in part the mechanism by which the carriers are passed in sinuous paths around the drivers;
FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of a portion of FIG. 2 with the drivers rotationally advanced to illustrate the transfer position of one of the carriers;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view illustrating the sinuous paths of the carriers as positioned in FIGS. 1 and 2;
FIG. 5 is an enlarged sectional view taken along line 5--5 of FIG. 3 with the outer ends of the carriers being shown schematically in broken lines;
FIG. 6 is a reduced sectional view taken along line 6--6 of FIG. 5;
FIG. 7 is a reduced sectional view taken along line 7--7 of FIG. 5;
FIGS. 6a-e are sequential reduced sectional views similar to FIG. 6 illustrating the passage of a single carrier from one driver to the succeeding driver and particularly the interaction of the gearing during the transfer for maintaining the continuing rotation of the carrier;
FIGS. 7a-e are reduced sequential sectional views similar to FIG. 7 showing the manner of operation of the mechanism for transferring a carrier from one driver to the succeeding driver;
FIG. 8 is a schematic front elevational view of a portion of a conventional two over two Maypole braider showing the angular distance of travel of a single carrier resulting from one revolution of the drivers;
FIG. 9 is a schematic front elevational view of a three over three under Maypole braider in accordance with the present invention showing the angular distance of travel of a single carrier resulting from one revolution of the drivers;
FIG. 10 is a side view partly in section showing a hose reinforced with a braid in accordance with the invention; and
FIG. 11 is an enlarged sectional view taken along line 11--11 of FIG. 10.
As mentioned above, the so-called "conventional" or "normal" braid pattern is of the "two over, two under" type wherein each braid strand passes alternately over two oppositely directed strands and under two oppositely directed strands. The two over, two under braid pattern has been universally accepted in the reinforced hose field, and virtually all conventional braiding equipment manufactured for the purpose of hose reinforcement is designed to produce a two over, two under braid.
In accordance with the present invention, a reinforcing braid is provided for a tubular conduit such as a hose which comprises a "three over, three under" braid pattern. In such a braid pattern, each strand passes alternately over three oppositely wound braid strands and then under the following three oppositely wound strands. A three over three under braid structure in accordance with the invention is shown in FIGS. 10 and 11 wherein a hose 14 is reinforced by an overlying three over, three under braid structure 16 comprised of a plurality of braided strands 18, each of which is formed of six parallel elements 19 forming a substantially flat braid structure. These elements in the illustrated embodiment comprise wires, although various types of yarns could also be employed. The braid strands are helically wound on the hose at the conventional braid angle of 52� 42' which has been long established as the optimal braid angle for hose reinforcement.
One significant advantage of the three over, three under braid pattern is the substantially decreased number of strand intersections at which a strand transitions from an overlying to an underlying relation and vice versa. As discussed above, such intersections are a primary cause of uneven wire tension within a strand due to the unequal length which the inner and outer wires of a strand are forced to take during their helical passage around the tube. Since a three over, three under braid pattern reduces the number of such intersections by one-third, it can be appreciated that the adverse effect on the equality of wire tensioning within a strand will be diminished appreciably, resulting in a more even distribution of pressure stresses across the wires in a strand as well as the minimizing of the tendency of the strand wires to cross over during braiding and thereby cause weak points in the reinforcing braid.
It is further expected that the less tortuous path provided by the three over, three under braid pattern will permit the utilization of higher tensile strength strand ends with less dependency on the resilience of the strand materials to even out the stress distribution among the strand ends. For example, the utilization of fibers such as Kevlar with extremely high tensile strength but relatively low elasticity would be better suited for a three over, three under braid construction than for a conventional two over, two under braid.
In view of the advantages of the invention as described, it is expected that the three over, three under braid pattern will become the preferred format for obtaining further hose performance gains when employed in conjunction with recent hose developments such as those disclosed in the patents to Slade and Millard referenced above.
As described below, there are significant economic advantages in the manufacture of a three over, three under braid, particularly when utilizing a Maypole type braider in accordance with the method and apparatus of the invention.
Referring to FIG. 1 of the drawings, a horizontal Maypole braiding machine generally designated 30 is illustrated which in many respects is similar to the braiding machine described in my above referenced U.S. Pat. No. 3,783,736, which is hereby incorporated by reference. The machine 30 includes a braiding head 32 comprising a vertically extending base plate 34 supported at its lower end 36 on a floor or other suitable foundation. A central hole 38 in the base plate 34 permits passage of a tubular hose 40 to be reinforced, which hose 40 is advanced toward the viewer in FIG. 1 by a conventional haul-off apparatus (not shown) at a constant predetermined rate. The axial center line 41 of the braiding head along which the hose travels extends perpendicularly to the base plate 34 and appears as a point in FIG. 1, which is known as the braiding point.
A plurality of drivers 42 are rotatably disposed in a circular array on the base plate 34., being journaled on axles 44 fixedly mounted to the base plate. Alternate ones of the drivers 42, designated 42a rotate in a clockwise direction as viewed in FIG. 1 while the intermediate drivers 42b rotate in a counterclockwise direction.
As shown in FIG. 5, the axles 44 include flange portions 46 which abut the base plate 34, and reduced end portions 48 which extend into bores 50 in the base plate 34. The axles 44 are secured to the base plate by screws 52 extending from the back side of the base plate into threaded engagement with axial bores in the axles.
The drivers 42 include central bores 53 to receive the axles 44 and are journaled on the axles by means of inner bearings 54 cooperating with the flange portion 46 thereof and outer bearings 56 near the outer ends of the axles. The drivers are held axially in position on the axles 44 by snap rings 58 disposed in grooves in the axles 44, the snap rings acting on the bearings 56.
The rotation of the drivers 42 is effected by ring gears 60 mounted adjacent the inner ends thereof by screws 62. Each ring gear 60 of a given driver 42 meshes with the ring gear of each adjacent driver and, since the ring gears of each driver are identical, the drivers all rotate at the same speed and in alternately opposite directions. This arrangement necessitates an even number of drivers and in the illustrated embodiment, eight drivers are shown. The entire array of drivers is driven in rotation by means of a gear 64 (FIG. 1) which is driven by the braiding machine drive motor (not shown) at a constant ratio to the haul-off apparatus.
As shown in FIG. 1, a plurality of carriers 66 are supported and driven in sinuous paths by the drivers 42, half of the carriers designated 66a being driven and rotated in a clockwise direction, and the other half designated 66b being driven and rotated in a counterclockwise direction as schematically illustrated in FIG. 4. Each carrier 66 contains a spool or bobbin of wire or yarn usually wound in strands containing a plurality of elements or ends, and in the present instance each strand 18 comprises six wires wound in flat parallel alignment. As schematically shown in FIG. 1, a strand 18 is let off from a strand pay-off point 68 on each carrier and is braided onto the hose or tube 40 by the sinuous path of the carriers illustrated in FIG. 4 in conjunction with the axial movement of the hose 40 maintained by the haul-off mechanism. The structure of the carriers 66 is substantially conventional and the details of the mechanism for regulating strand tension are not shown in the present application. A carrier suitable for use with the invention is a variation of that shown for example in my U.S. Pat. No. 3,817,147, issued June 18, 1974.
The drivers 42a and 42b serve not only to transport the carriers in the intersecting sinuous paths shown in FIG. 4, but additionally serve the important function of rotating the carriers in their direction of travel with respect to the hose 40 such that each carrier makes one revolution for each 360� circuit about the braiding head. In carrying out this function, the drivers maintain as shown in FIG. 2 a substantially constant relationship of the axis 70 of each carrier with respect to the hose. Planetary gearing is preferably utilized to provide the requisite rotation of the carriers.
The manner in which the carriers are held, transferred and rotated by the drivers is quite similar to that described in my earlier U.S. Pat. No. 3,783,736 with the important difference that there are three carriers for every driver in the present invention, whereas in that disclosed in my earlier patent, there are two carriers for each driver. While the present arrangement has distinct advantages in terms of productivity and simplicity of the machine design, significant structural differences are necessary in order to accommodate the larger ratio of carriers to drivers. Specifically, the present invention comprises the provision of six carrier-accommodating pockets on each driver, each driver pocket having associated therewith planetary gearing appropriate to drive the carrier at the appropriate rate and direction of rotation as well as means for holding and for transferring the carriers between adjacent drivers.
Referring to FIG. 5, each carrier 66 includes a carrier spindle 72 having spaced bearing assemblies 74 and 76 thereon adapted for cooperative engagement with inner and outer pockets 78 and 79 disposed respectively at equally spaced intervals on inner and outer circular plates 80 and 81 of the drivers 42. As seen most readily in FIGS. 2, 3 and 5, each driver includes six sets of upper and lower pockets spaced at 60� intervals about its circumference. Alternate ones of the pocket sets designated 78a and 79a are adapted for use by carriers traveling in a clockwise direction, while the other pocket sets 78b and 79b are adapted for use by the carriers 66b traveling in a counterclockwise direction as viewed for example in FIGS. 1-4. The pocket sets are located on the drivers such that the pockets of adjacent drivers will come into cooperative alignment at periodic angular rotational positions of the drivers as shown for example in FIGS. 3 and 5.
The carrier spindles 72 are held in the spaced pockets 78 and 79 during their travel on each driver by means of cam tracks on the carrier spindles and cam followers in the form of rollers on the drivers interacting therewith. As shown in FIGS. 5 and 7, each carrier spindle 72 includes a radially extending annular track support plate 82 each of which includes upper and lower peripheral flanges 84 and 86. The flanges 84 and 86 extend substantially 180� around the periphery of the plates 82 and are substantially diametrically opposed in their angular extent. As shown in FIG. 2, the flanges are arranged so that each flange is bisected by the carrier axis 70.
The inner faces of the flanges 84 and 86 define semicircular tracks 88 and 90 respectively which cooperate respectively with rollers 92 and 94 on the drivers 42. There is a roller radially aligned with each driver pocket with half of the rollers being positioned to cooperate with the tracks 88 and the other half being positioned to cooperate with the tracks 90. As shown most clearly in FIGS. 5 and 7, rollers 92 extend inwardly from arms 93 of the drivers 42 adjacent every other pocket set for engagement with tracks 88, and the rollers 94 extend outwardly from the arms 93 at pockets intermediate those equipped with the rollers 92 for cooperation with the tracks 90.
In FIG. 5, the rollers 92 are disposed adjacent the pocket sets 78a and 79a in the right hand driver illustrated, whereas in the left hand driver the roller 92 is disposed adjacent the pocket sets 78b and 79b. Thus adjoining drivers have the rollers 92 and the rollers 94 alternately disposed with respect to the driver pocket sets 78a, 79a and 78b and 79b such that as the pocket sets become aligned during driver rotation, a roller 92 will always become aligned with a roller 94. This arrangement in conjunction with the rotation of the carrier spindles derived from the planetary gearing to be described below, permits the passing off of the carriers from one driver to the next to carry out the sinuous carrier paths schematically shown in FIG. 4. The rollers 92 and 94 are journaled in bearings 92a and 94a respectively in the drivers, these bearings along with the other bearing assemblies being shown only schematically in the view of FIG. 5.
The planetary gearing mechanism for rotating the carriers as they travel with the drivers is illustrated in FIGS. 5, 6 and 6a-e. Fixedly mounted to each axle 44 near the inner end thereof are a pair of inner and outer sun gears 96 and 98 which are attached to the axle by means of key 100 engaged in a slot therein. The inner sun gear 98 is of substantially larger pitch diameter than the outer sun gear 96 although the circular pitch of the gear teeth are the same. Three inner planetary gears 102 rotatably disposed on shafts 104 on each driver are engaged with the sun gear 98 and are disposed, in the case of the drivers rotating clockwise as viewed in the drawings in radial alignment with the pocket sets 78b and 79b, and in the case of the drivers rotating counterclockwise, in alignment with the pocket sets 78a and 79a. Each driver further includes three outer planetary gears 106 rotatably mounted on shafts 108 and intermeshed with the sun gear 96. The outer planetary gears 106 are disposed in radial alignment with alternative pocket sets 78a and 79a in the case of the drivers rotating in a clockwise direction, and with pocket sets 78b and 79b in the case of drivers rotating in a counterclockwise direction as is evident from FIG. 6. The sum of the pitch diameters of the sun gear 98 and one of the planetary gears 102 is the same as the sum of the pitch diameters of the sun gear 96 and one of the planetary gears 106.
The carrier spindles 72 each include a gear 110 extending radially therefrom which is of sufficient axial breadth to intermesh with either the planetary gears 102 and 106, the circular pitch of the gear teeth of the sun gears 96 and 98, planetary gears 102 and 106 and the spindle gears 110 being the same. Inasmuch as the planetary gears are disposed with respect to the driver pockets such that a carrier spindle within a pocket has its gear face 110 engaged with either a planetary gear 98 or 106, each carrier spindle is always engaged with at least one planetary gear and, at the point of transfer of the carrier from one driver to another, when the pockets of adjacent drivers are aligned, the spindle gear face is enmeshed with planetary gears of two drivers.
The function of the planetary gear system is to completely isolate carrier rotation from driver rotation. Drivers 42a and 42b serve to space and propel the carrier spindles along their sinuous paths. The planetary gears maintain the carrier spindles in a prescribed rotation and in doing so cancel out rotational influences by driver rotation. Each carrier spindle is always under the direct influence of one or more planetary gears. The desired control is to rotate each carrier spindle axis 360� during one orbit around the deck. The planetary gearing effects the carrier spindle rotation continuously, even during spindle transfer between drivers and hence eliminates any angular accelerations of the carriers.
Planetary gears of this type are readily described mathematically. One full rotation of one driver propels a carrier spindle 90� or one quarter of its orbit around the deck (see FIG. 9). Thus, for the 8 driver 24 carrier example illustrated, the planetary gear train value is: ##EQU1## This ratio establishes that for every 4� of driver rotation, the spindle axis rotates 1� in its direction of travel. To achieve this, the planetary gear system is sized to subtract out a portion of spindle rotation while the spindle is on the outer periphery of the driver. The gear system adds spindle rotation while the spindle is traveling on the inner periphery of the driver. In this manner the desired control of spindle rotation is maintained throughout the carrier orbit of the deck.
Specifically, for the carriers traveling around the outer periphery of the drivers considered with respect to the hose, the spindle gear face 110 will always be intermeshed with the larger planetary gears 106 as can be seen in FIG. 6. Accordingly, in the case of drivers 42a rotating in a clockwise direction, the larger planetary gears 106 are disposed in radial alignment with the pocket sets 78a and 80a. With regard to the drivers 42b rotating in a counterclockwise direction, the larger planetary gears are disposed in alignment with the driver pocket sets 78b and 80b.
Conversely, the carriers traveling along the inner periphery of the drivers as viewed with respect to the hose are engaged with the smaller planetary gears 102. In the case of the drivers 42a rotating in a clockwise direction, the smaller planetary gears are aligned with the pockets 80b, while in the case of the drivers 42b rotating in a counterclockwise direction, the smaller planetary gears 102 are aligned with the pocket sets 78a and 80a.
Since the planetary gears as illustrated in FIG. 6 each rotate in the same direction as the driver in which they are mounted, the carrier will, with respect to the driver on which it is mounted, rotate in the opposite direction. However, with respect to the hose, each carrier will continue to rotate about the hose in the direction in which its sinuous path is taking it, even though it may be rotating in the opposite direction with respect to the carrier on which it is being carried.
For example, in FIG. 6 the carrier at the eleven o'clock position of the left hand fully shown driver is rotating clockwise with respect to the driver, since the driver is rotating counterclockwise as is its planetary gears. However, the carrier with respect to the hose being braided is rotating counterclockwise. In the drawing views, and particularly FIG. 6, the movement of each carrier with respect to the hose or braiding point is designated by the arrow outside of the carrier, whereas the rotation of each carrier with respect to the driver on which it is being moved is shown within the outline of the carrier.
The need for larger planetary gears engaging the carriers as they pass around the outer periphery of the drivers in contrast to smaller planetary gearing engaging the drivers passing around the inner periphery of the drivers can be understood when it is considered that the carriers traveling around the outer periphery are rotating in the same direction as the drivers while those on the inside are rotating in a contrary direction. Accordingly, a faster speed of rotation with respect to the drivers is required of the carriers traversing the inner path whereas the carriers traversing the outer path are actually being slowed down. A more detailed description of this planetary gearing is set forth in my above-mentioned U.S. Pat. No. 3,783,736.
The manner in which the carrier spindles are transferred from one driver to another is shown in the sequential views of FIGS. 7a-e. The corresponding views of FIGS. 6a-e show the planetary gear engagement with the carrier gear during the transfer of the carrier. In these views, the carrier 66b illustrated is rotating counterclockwise with respect to the hose being braided and in the initial views of FIGS. 6a and 7a is being carried around the inner periphery of the driver 42a and being retained in a pocket thereof by the roller 94 in engagement with the carrier track 90.
In the views of 6b and 7b, the carrier has advanced closer to the transfer point but is still retained on the driver 42a by the roller 94 holding the carrier spindle in the driver pocket. As shown in FIG. 6b, the carrier is still being rotated by engagement with the small planetary gear 102.
In the views of FIGS. 6c and 7c, the carrier has reached the transfer point at which the pockets of the adjacent drivers 42a and 42b are aligned with a line joining the driver axes. At this point, the roller 94 has reached one end of the track 90 and one of the rollers 92 of the driver 42b has moved into a position adjacent one end of the carrier track 88. At this stage, the carrier spindle is securely held in position by the aligned juxtaposed pockets of the adjacent drivers in addition to the rollers 92 and 94 cooperatively disposed with respect to the tracks 88 and 90. Also at this point, the carrier gear 110 has come into engagement with one of the large planetary gears 106 of the driver 42b but while remaining engaged with the small planetary gear 102 of the driver 42a.
The desired spindle rotation (1� for every 4� of driver rotation) persists even during transfer since the meshing planetary gears on each side are rotating at different speeds. At the transfer point shown in FIGS. 6c and 7c, the spindle gear is engaged on its left by the larger, slower rotating planetary gear 106 and on its right by the smaller, faster rotating planetary gear 102. The gear 106 provides a minus 1/4 ratio drive with respect to the driver rotation, while the gear 102 provides a plus 1/4 drive ratio, thus maintaining a counterclockwise spindle rotation within the confines of the driver pockets at the correct ratio of 1� for every 4� of driver rotation.
In the carrier position shown in FIGS. 6d and 7d, the carrier has left the custody of driver 42a since the roller 94 is no longer engaging the track 90. The roller 92 of driver 42b has engaged the track 88, thus rotatably securing the carrier in the pocket of driver 42b. As shown in FIG. 6d, the carrier gear 110 has become disengaged from the small planetary gear 102 of driver 42a and its rotation is continued by its engagement with the gear 106 of driver 42b.
In FIGS. 6e and 7e, the carrier has moved further along its path and its disengagement from the driver 42a is more evident. The carrier, although rotating clockwise with respect to the driver 42b due to the counterclockwise rotation of the driver and its planetary gears, nonetheless is rotating counterclockwise with respect to the braiding point.
The above describe manner of exchange of the carriers by adjacent drivers is basically the same for all of the carriers, although as indicated in FIG. 4, half of the carriers are moving in a clockwise serpentine path whereas the other half are moving in a counterclockwise serpentine path. It will be noted from FIG. 4 that each carrier will pass over three carriers approaching from the opposite direction and then under three carriers, and that this three over, three under pattern is continuous.
For operation of the braiding apparatus, the carriers are loaded with spools of yarn or wire and the strands therefrom are led to the centered conduit or hose to be braided which is gripped by the haul-off apparatus. An appropriate drive ratio between the haul-off speed and the braiding head speed is established, following which the braiding operation is begun by engaging the motor drive of both the braiding head and the haul-off device. The continuous rotation of the drivers at a predetermined speed coupled with the uniform advance of the structure being braided by the haul-off device results in a three over, three under braid having a constant braid angle. Preferably, this braid angle is the conventional standard 54�, 42'. An example of a braided hose reinforced utilizing the method and apparatus as described is shown in FIGS. 10 and 11.
The present method and apparatus may also be utilized to produce other braided structures, such as braided rope or wire.
Although the rotary braider could conceivably be modified to produce a three over, three under braid, such modification would result in greatly increased machine complexity and cost, and decreased productivity. In contrast, the utilization of a Maypole braider actually simplifies the machine and reduces its cost, while significantly increasing productivity.
The productivity increase available by utilization of the present invention is illustrated by the schematic views of FIGS. 8 and 9. In FIG. 8, illustrating a conventional two over, two under braider having twelve drivers and twenty four carriers with four pockets per driver, the angular distance that a carrier is advanced by one revolution of the drivers is schematically illustrated and may be seen to encompass 60�.
In contrast, with the present invention utilizing eight drivers and twenty four carriers, a single revolution of the drivers will result in a 90� angular carrier movement about the braiding point. In each instance, the carrier has essentially traveled a distance equal to the circumference of a driver, but the drivers with the present invention are larger in diameter than those of a conventional two over, two under braider since there are fewer of them with the same number of carriers. As a result, the productivity increases expected with the method and apparatus presently disclosed are significant, on the order of 33%. The actual gain in productivity will be the culmination of many factors. The anticipated gain of 33% over two over, two under decks has factored in the machine criteria based on increased driver diameter and resultant higher velocities together with centripetal accelerations and the like.
The following example comparing a two over, two under prior art braider having twenty four carriers with a braider in accordance with the invention illustrates the productivity increase available, the rotational speed of a carrier being a direct measure of productivity of the braider.
______________________________________ Prior Art Invention______________________________________No. of Drivers 12 8No. of Carriers 24 24Braid Pattern 2/2 3/3Driver rev/min. 225 225Carrier rev/min. 37.5 56______________________________________
In addition to the substantial improvement in productivity provided by the present apparatus, there are additional economic advantages flowing from the fact that the present machine, having proportionately fewer drivers, has fewer parts and hence is less complicated and less costly to manufacture than conventional braiding equipment. Furthermore, the present apparatus is subject to less dynamic imbalance than conventional equipment. Whereas a two over, two under braider will subject the drivers to carrier loads ranging from one to three carriers, the present three over, three under braider will result in a driver load of either two or three carriers.
Since the drivers in accordance with the invention will be larger than the conventional drivers for a given supply spool capacity, the driver support structure including the axles, bearings, etc., can be larger and hence stronger.
The conversion of a Maypole type braider to the present three over, three under method has the further advantages, compared to conventional two over, two under braiding, of reducing the frequency of spindle transfers, and decreasing track to roller velocities (at the same driver RPM). In addition, the number of carrier payouts is decreased, the braid tensions are reduced and vibration is decreased.
Although the preferred braiding apparatus as described incorporates a planetary gearing system and cam track arrangement for advancing, rotating and transferring the carriers, it will be apparent that apparatus in accordance with the invention can be utilized with other forms of carrier drives such as the older style tracked deck type braider. The planetary gearing system described, is however, ideally suited for production of a three over, three under braid in view of the many proven advantages of such a braider as described above and as referenced in my U.S. Pat. No. 3,783,736.
Although the present apparatus has been illustrated with eight drivers and twenty four carriers, other configurations are possible which maintain the same three to one carrier to driver ratio; for example, six drivers with eighteen carriers, ten drivers with thirty carriers, twelve drivers with thirty-six carriers and sixteen drivers with forty-eight carriers.
While the preferred form of braid shown is characterized by flat strands having equal numbers of elements, the present braid is well suited for "mounded" braid strands such as shown in the Slade U.S. Pat. No. 3,463,197, or for unbalanced type braids such as shown in Van Sickle U.S. Pat. No. 3,481,368 wherein strands in one direction have five elements whereas strands in the other direction have six elements.
Manifestly, changes in details of construction can be effected by those skilled in the art without departing from the invention.
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Using SWGfL Merlin platform a teacher wants to load a large powerpoint file as a show so that it automatically starts playing through slides. If she does it through the document library, despite it being saved as a pps. the file still opens as a ppt. file. She converted it to a flash file but it's too large to upload. She tried using Slideshare but it loses the animations. Any suggestions?
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I found where Willis was born 3/17/1925 and died 9/12/1993 at or near Glynn, GA. He had Social Security # 260-28-4142. As I said, if you obtain a copy of his application for a SS#, it should have the name of his father and his mother's maiden name on it, that would be a help.
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The ramp from southbound 35W to Washington Avenue in Minneapolis is closed due to a crash.
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Ray trajectories in optical fiber tapered sections
Applied Optics, Vol. 17, Issue 22, pp. 3670-3674 (1978)
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Slab waveguide tapers with finite cladding thickness are analyzed using a geometrical optics approach, and the results are compared with an exact modal analysis. Iteration formulas are derived for the calculation of the propagation angles of the guided modes and the corresponding changes in the core and cladding thicknesses, assuming that the difference between the refractive indexes of the core and cladding is small. Numerical results are presented and compared with the values obtained by a successive step modal analysis, showing good agreement between the two approaches. This indicates that ray tracing techniques should be useful for the analysis and design of taper couplers.
© 1978 Optical Society of America
Original Manuscript: April 20, 1978
Published: November 15, 1978
B. K. Garside, T. K. Lim, and J. P. Marton, "Ray trajectories in optical fiber tapered sections," Appl. Opt. 17, 3670-3674 (1978)
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- T. Ozeki, B. S. Kawasaki, Electron. Lett. 12, 607 (1976). [CrossRef]
- B. S. Kawasaki, K. O. Hill, Appl. Opt. 16, 1794 (1977). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- T. K. Lim, B. K. Garside, J. P. Marton; unpublished.
Appl. Opt.
Electron. Lett.
- T. Ozeki, B. S. Kawasaki, Electron. Lett. 12, 607 (1976). [CrossRef]
- T. K. Lim, B. K. Garside, J. P. Marton; unpublished.
1977, Kawasaki, Appl. Opt.
1976, Ozeki, Electron. Lett.
- T. Ozeki, B. S. Kawasaki, Electron. Lett. 12, 607 (1976). [CrossRef]
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10 Most Useless Car Technologies
Sure, it's easy to complain. But these car technologies deserve to be called out for being underwhelming, frustrating, or just plain pointless.
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Automatic Moisture-Sensing Wipers
This feature is just like the automatic spelling-correction that interferes when you type on a word processor or a smartphone: You spend more time defeating the system when it screws up than you'd spend using the system manually. We feel an easy-to-reach switch for wipers remains the best way to clear an intermittently misting windshield. Automatic rain-detecting wipers fall under the category of trying to read Mother Nature's mindhundreds of meteorologists say it can't be done. The reason automatically adjusting wipers were invented in the first place is because customers complained of poorly designed and placed wiper switches. Carmakers should have adopted a slightly simpler solution: easier-to-reach switches.


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