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Local Sports
Lady Bobcats Snag Consolation TitleFranklin Park left no doubt in winning the consolation championship of the Lady Bobcat Invitational, defeating Olney 49-28 Saturday morning.
The host Lady Bobcats held Olney to six points in the first quarter, and doubled up the visitors to a 28-14 score at halftime.
Trinity Meadows scored nineteen points to lead Franklin Park, and her efforts throughout the week landed her on the All-Tournament Team.
Kaitlyn Maxey recorded a double-double, scoring fifteen points and grabbing ten boards.
Breese was the tournament champion, beating Collinsville 43-38 Saturday afternoon. Centralia topped Carlyle 51-40 in the third-place game.
Franklin Park is 4-3 with the win and travels to Charleston on Thursday.
See other LocalSports news:Rookie Beckham Leads Giants Past Rams 37-27
Stafford, Suh Lead Lions Over Bears 20-14
Kane Leads Blackhawks Past Maple Leafs 4-0
High School Basketball Round-Up
Burns Gives Sharks 3-2 Win Over Blues in OT


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Can competition among employees serve as a motivator of performance? This is quite a conundrum, because there are arguments on both sides of the coin. Perhaps you've just read an article saying that competition is a brilliant way to encourage employees to a higher level of performance by stimulating their competitive spirit. That article may be right, but there are also individuals who shy away from competitive situations—such scenarios could actually hinder their ability to perform well. In short, it depends on the personalities of the employees and whether the work tasks lend themselves well to a competitive environment. Let's take a look at some of the pros and cons of competitive work environments.
Some training is required by federal or state law, other training is discretionary, but whichever you need, good training is essential to your company's success. Let HR Daily Advisor give you the quick-reading and easy-to-implement training ideas you need for your kind of business.
Free Special Report: 7 Strategies for Effective Training
Does Competition Among Employees Work as a Motivator?
How Can Social Learning Benefit Your Company?
In yesterday's Advisor, we heard from Randy Emelo and Becky Simeon, PhD, about the movement toward social learning and how it has dramatically changed corporate learning. Today, the positive effects of social learning systems.
HP Adopts Social Learning—E-Learning Is a Thing of the Past
E-learning was very popular in the 90s, says River Software's Randy Emelo. However, in the 21st century, the focus has shifted to bite-sized chunks of learning, the shorter the better—something we call micro-learning. Tearing information apart, then talking about what you are doing—that's social learning.
Should You Do an I-9 Self-Audit?
Completing the I-9 form as part of the employment eligibility verification process is something in which most employers are well-versed. Simply put, employers are not allowed to knowingly hire someone who does not have authorization to work in the United States. It's mandated that the employer confirm a worker's eligibility, and the I-9 form is the cornerstone of this process.
Closing the Skills Gap: Should Employers Provide More Training?
Contingency Planning for Weather Emergencies
Sue Me, I'm Begging You
Yesterday's Advisor began attorney Whitney Warner's list of 14 things managers do that make a plaintiffs' attorney's day. Today, the rest of her list.
14 Ways to 'Make My Day' (Secrets of a Plaintiffs' Attorney)
7 Steps that Managers Can Take to Improve Employee Engagement
By William Taylor
If you want higher productivity from your employees and better customer service, one way to achieve that is boosting employee engagement. A recent survey reported that about 63 percent of U.S. workers are not engaged in their jobs. When employees are disengaged, they lose productivity and can negatively impact the morale of other team members, too. When management actively seeks ways to boost employee engagement, it can have a direct positive effect on the company's profitability. Here are seven steps that you can take.


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UK Parkinson's Disease Consortium - UKPDC
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- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL
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GCH1 gene and Parkinson's risk
A study published in Brain, led by researchers
at UCL Institute of Neurology, has shown that genetic mutations which
cause a decrease in dopamine
production in the brain and lead to a form of childhood-onset Dystonia,
also play a role in the development of Parkinson's disease.
The new Leonard Wolfson Experimental Neurology Centre (LWENC) has opened for clinical studies and trials
LRRK2 and autophagy in fibroblasts
In this paper Claudia Manzoni studies how fibroblast
cells from people with Parkinson's disease caused by mutations in LRRK2
react to starvation. Although the changes are quite subtle, there are
differences between the way that fibroblasts that contain mutant LRRK2
respond to being starved – suggesting that there may be changes in the
way that these cells regulate a key process called autophagy (a term
which comes from the greek meaning to eat yourself, and is one of the
ways that cells get rid of waste and recycle proteins and organellles).
Genetic mutations linked to Parkinson's disease
Research led by consortium researchers Dr Helene Plun-Favreau (UCL Institute of Neurology) and Dr Alex Whitworth (University of Sheffield), and collaborator Dr Heike Laman (University of Cambridge), has discovered how genetic mutations linked to Parkinson's disease might play a key role in the death of brain cells, potentially paving the way for the development of more effective drug treatments. In the new study, published in Nature Neuroscience, the team of cross-institutional researchers showed how defects in the Parkinson's gene Fbxo7 cause problems with mitophagy. More...
LRRK2 and autophagy
Mutations in LRRK2 are the most common genetic cause of Parkinson's disease. Here, Claudia Manzoni talks about her research (funded by the Rosetrees Trust and the Michael J. Fox Foundation) into what LRRK2 might be doing within the cell: Parkinson's disease is a brain illness that afflicts 1 in 500 people in the UK. High profile patients, such as the actor Michael J Fox, the boxer Muhammad Ali and the late Pope John Paul II, have raised public awareness of Parkinson's and its devastating impact. More...
Pathophysiology of Human Movement Disorders, UCL
Movement disorders cover a diverse range of neurological conditions from Parkinson's disease to tremor and dystonia. They are thought of primarily as disorders of basal ganglia function, but the consequences of such dysfunction and the contribution of other brain areas are only beginning to be understood. Our current research has three broad aims: 1) To improve and develop clinical categorisation of movement disorders by researching electrophysiological "signatures" or biomarkers of particular disorders, 2) to use electrophysiological and psychophysical techniques to explore the pathophysiology of different movement disorders and 3) to research the possible application of rTMS in the treatment of movement disorders.
The Pathophysiology of Human Movement Disorders lab at the Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, UCL Institute of Neurology is based in number 33 Queen Square with access to state of the art electrophysiology facilities.
We use the following techniques:
- Transcranial magnetic stimulation to measure various parameters of cortical excitability.
- Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, paired associative stimulation to explore brain plasticity.
- Psychophysical assessments of reaction time, attention and learning.
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text: IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE MIDDLE DISTRICT OF PENNSYLVANIA TAMMY KITZMILLER; BRYAN AND CHRISTY REHM; DEBORAH FENIMORE AND JOEL LIEB; STEVEN STOUGH; BETH EVELAND; CYNTHIA SNEATH; JULIE SMITH; AND ARALENE ("BARRIE") D. AND FREDERICK B. CALLAHAN, Plaintiff, vs. DOVER AREA SCHOOL DISTRICT; DOVER AREA SCHOOL DISTRICT BOARD OF DIRECTORS, Defendants : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : CIVIL ACTION No. 4:04-cv-2688 (JUDGE JONES) (Filed Electronically) PLAINTIFFS' BRIEF IN OPPOSITION TO DEFENDANTS' MOTION TO DISMISS TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE TABLE OF AUTHORITIES .................................................................................... ii INTRODUCTION .....................................................................................................1 I. FACTUAL HISTORY ..........................................................................................3 A. Background............................................................................................... 3 B. The Policy ..................................................................................................3 C. Allegations of the Complaint.....................................................................4 D. The Challenged Plaintiffs ..........................................................................6 II. ARGUMENT .......................................................................................................6 A. Plaintiffs Have Alleged Injury Sufficient to Confer Standing to Bring This Lawsuit ................................................................................6 B. The Smith and Callahan Claims Are Not Moot ........................................7 C. The Eveland and Sneath Claims Are Ripe For Adjudication..................11 D. Plaintiffs' Supposed "Free Exercise of Religion" Claim Cannot Be Dismissed Because It Has Not Been Asserted ....................................15 E. Plaintiffs Have Stated Claims under Art. III, §§ 15 & 29 of The Pennsylvania Constitution ...................................................................19 III. CONCLUSION.................................................................................................22 CERTIFICATE OF COMPLIANCE.......................................................................24 i TABLE OF AUTHORITIES CASES Altman v. Bedford Central Sch. Dist., 245 F.3d 49 (2d Cir. 2001) .........................10 Auerbach v. Bd. of Educ., 136 F.3d 104 (2d Cir. 1998) ..........................................14 Brody v. Spang, 957 F.2d 1108 (3d Cir. 1992)....................................................7, 12 Cole v. Orville Union High Sch. Dist., 228 F.3d 1092 (9th Cir. 2000) ...................13 Collins v. Kephart, 117 A. 440 (Pa. 1921) ........................................................20, 21 Common Cause of Pennsylvania v. Commonwealth, 668 A.2d 190 (Pa. Commw. Ct.. 1995).............................................................................................21 County of Allegheny v. ACLU, 492 U.S. 573 (1989) .................................................9 Donovan v. Punxsutawney Area Sch. Bd., 336 F.3d 211 (3d Cir. 2003).............7, 10 Doremus v. Bd. of Educ., 342 U.S. 429 (1952) .......................................................21 Edwards v. Aguillard, 482 U.S. 578 (1987) ............................................................10 Engel v. Vitale, 370 U.S. 421 (1962) .................................................................17, 18 Fair Housing Council of Suburban Philadelphia v. Montgomery Newspapers, 141 F.3d 71 (3d Cir. 1998)..............................................................6 Hysong v. Gallitzin Borough Sch. Dist., 164 Pa. 629 (Pa. 1894) ............................19 Jenkins v. McKeithen, 395 U.S. 411 (1969) ..............................................................7 Lujan v. Defenders of Wildlife, 504 U.S. 555 (1992) ............................................6, 7 Lynch v. Donnelly, 465 U.S. 668 (1984) ...................................................................9 McLean v. Arkansas Bd. of Educ., 529 F. Supp. 1255 (E.D. Ark.) (1982) .............10 ii Peachlum v. City of York, 333 F.3d 429 (3d Cir. 2003) ..........................................12 Riva v. Massachusetts, 61 F.3d 1003 (1st Cir. 1995) ........................................12, 13 Santa Fe Indep. Sch. Dist. v. Doe, 530 U.S. 290 (2000) .......................................2, 8 Sch. Dist. of Abington Township v. Schempp, 374 U.S. 203 (1963) ....................7,18 Selman v. Cobb Co. Sch. Dist., Slip Copy, 2005 WL. 83829 ..................................10 Springfield Sch. Dist. v. Dep't of Educ., 397 A.2d 1154 (Pa. 1979) .......................21 Walsh v. Louisiana High Sch. Athletic Ass'n, 616 F.2d 152 (5th Cir. 1980) ..........12 Wiest v. Mt. Lebanon Sch. Dist., 320 A.2d 362 (Pa. 1974) ...............................17, 19 iii IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE MIDDLE DISTRICT OF PENNSYLVANIA TAMMY KITZMILLER; BRYAN AND CHRISTY REHM; DEBORAH FENIMORE AND JOEL LIEB; STEVEN STOUGH; BETH EVELAND; CYNTHIA SNEATH; JULIE SMITH; AND ARALENE ("BARRIE") D. AND FREDERICK B. CALLAHAN, Plaintiff, vs. DOVER AREA SCHOOL DISTRICT; DOVER AREA SCHOOL DISTRICT BOARD OF DIRECTORS, Defendants : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : CIVIL ACTION No. 4:04-cv-2688 (JUDGE JONES) (Filed Electronically) PLAINTIFFS' BRIEF IN OPPOSITION TO DEFENDANTS' MOTION TO DISMISS Defendants Dover Area School District ("DASD") and Dover Area School District Board of Directors ("Dover School Board") have filed a motion to dismiss five (5) of the eleven (11) parent-plaintiffs to this lawsuit, on the grounds that their claims are either unripe, or moot. In doing so, defendants do not, because they cannot, suggest that the lawsuit itself is not ripe or is moot, or will otherwise -1- be disposed of by virtue of their motion. Nevertheless, they seek to peel off some of the plaintiffs, arguing that their children, students in the Dover Area School District, are either too young or too old to be affected by defendants' intelligent design policy. The constitutional violation challenged by plaintiffs in this case is the intelligent design policy passed by the school board. While defendants have focused attention on what is taught in the ninth-grade biology curriculum, the constitutional violation is broader than the four paragraphs being read to the students. The constitutional violation alleged by plaintiffs is the DASD's endorsement of religion, as reflected by the policy undermining the scientific theory of evolution and promoting an alternative religious view, intelligent design. As the Supreme Court held recently, the Establishment Clause protects against not just forced student participation in a religious practice, but "the mere passage by the District of a policy that has the purpose and perception of government establishment of religion." See Santa Fe Indep. Sch. Dist. v. Doe, 530 U.S. 290, 314 (2000). This endorsement affects all students in the district, and through them their parents. Every parent with a child currently enrolled in the district, whether the student is in kindergarten or twelfth grade, has standing to challenge the policy. -2- The parent plaintiffs challenged by the defendants satisfy this test. Accordingly, this Court should deny defendants' motion to dismiss. 1 I. FACTUAL HISTORY A. Background Defendant DASD is a municipal corporation governed by defendant Dover School Board. (Compl. at ¶ 11.) The Dover School Board has the authority to set official policy for the DASD (Compl. at ¶ 44), and the DASD has the authority (and obligation) to design and implement the curricula for the seven public schools under its control. (Compl. at ¶ 26.) B. The Policy On October 18, 2004, the Dover School Board adopted the following resolution: Students will be made aware of gaps/problems in Darwin's theory and of other theories of evolution including, but not limited to, intelligent design. Note: Origins of Life is not taught. (Compl. at ¶ 1.) On November 19, 2004, the DASD announced that teachers would be required, before teaching the unit on evolution, to read a statement (the Defendants have also moved to dismiss claims brought by all plaintiffs under Pennsylvania's Constitution. For the reasons set forth in sections D and E, the motion should also be denied as it applies to those claims. 1 -3- "Statement") to students in the ninth-grade biology class at Dover High School that includes the following language: The state standards require students to learn about Darwin's Theory of Evolution and to eventually take a standardized test of which evolution is a part. Because Darwin's Theory is a theory, it is still being tested as new evidence is discovered. The Theory is not a fact. Gaps in the Theory exist for which there is no evidence. A theory is defined as a well-tested explanation that unifies a broad range of observations. Intelligent Design is an explanation of the origin of life that differs from Darwin's view. The reference book, Of Pandas and People is available for students to see if they would like to explore this view in an effort to gain an understanding of what intelligent design actually involves. As is true with any theory, students are encouraged to keep an open mind. The school leaves the discussion of the Origins of Life up to individual students and their families. As a standards-driven district, class instruction focuses on the standards and preparing students to be successful on standards-based assessments. (Compl. at ¶ 40.) The Statement was read to the students for the first time on January 18, 2005. C. Allegations of the Complaint Plaintiffs are parents of students who attend schools in the DASD. Their complaint asserts that the October 18, 2004 resolution and the November 19, 2004 press release (together referred to as the "intelligent design policy") facially and as applied violate the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment to the United States Constitution. (Compl. at ¶ 50.) The intelligent design policy, -4- although focused on evolution and, thus, the ninth-grade biology curriculum, is a policy decision for the entire district. The intelligent design policy is not time limited, and defendants have given no indication that they intend to rescind it in the future. The injury alleged in the complaint stems directly from the intelligent design policy itself, and is not limited to the reading of the Statement to ninthgrade students. Plaintiffs allege that the purpose and effect of the intelligent design policy are to advance and endorse the specific religious viewpoint and beliefs encompassed by the decision to undermine the scientific theory of evolution and promote an alternative view, "intelligent design," which is predicated on the existence of a supernatural being and which is not science. (Id.) The complaint alleges that plaintiffs have suffered injury because defendants' intelligent design policy promotes religious views that may not be adhered to by plaintiffs and their children and invades their parental authority to direct and guide a child's religious upbringing. (Compl. at ¶ 51.) The complaint also alleges that plaintiffs perceive the district's action as conveying a governmental message that students should subscribe to the religious views reflected in the assertion or argument of "intelligent design." (Id.) -5- D. The Challenged Plaintiffs The challenged plaintiffs are parents of children who are in their early years of elementary education or who have completed ninth grade. Plaintiff Beth Eveland is a parent of a student in the first grade in the DASD and a child of preschool age. (Compl. at ¶ 7.) The complaint alleges that she intends to send her children to the Dover High School. (Id.) Plaintiff Cynthia Sneath is a parent of a student in the first grade in the DASD and a child of pre-school age. (Id. at ¶ 8.) The complaint alleges that she intends to send her children to the Dover High School (Id.) Plaintiff Julie Smith is a parent of a student in the tenth grade at the Dover High School. (Id. at ¶ 9.) Aralene ("Barrie") D. and Frederick B. Callahan are parents of a student in the tenth grade at the Dover High School. (Id. at ¶ 10.) II. ARGUMENT A. Plaintiffs Have Alleged Injury Sufficient to Confer Standing to Bring This Lawsuit There are three requirements for Article III standing. See Fair Housing Council of Suburban Philadelphia v. Montgomery Newspapers, 141 F.3d 71, 74 (3d Cir. 1998) (citing Lujan v. Defenders of Wildlife, 504 U.S. 555, 560-61 (1992)). First, the plaintiff must have suffered an "injury in fact" – an invasion of a legally protected interest which is (a) concrete and particularized and (b) actual or imminent, not conjectural or hypothetical. Second, there must be a causal link between the injury and the conduct at issue. Third, it must be likely that the injury -6- will be redressed by a favorable decision. Id. Defendants argue only that the challenged plaintiffs fail to allege injuries that satisfy the first of these requirements. On a motion to dismiss for lack of standing, the district court accepts all material allegations in the complaint as true and liberally construes the pleading in favor of the plaintiff. See Jenkins v. McKeithen, 395 U.S. 411, 421 (1969). Moreover, when reviewing a challenge to standing "[a]t the pleading stage, general factual allegations of injury resulting from the defendant's conduct may suffice, for on a motion to dismiss, we 'presume that general allegations embrace those specific facts that are necessary to support the claim.'" Lujan, 504 U.S. at 561 (citation omitted). Plaintiffs' allegations of injury easily satisfy this standard. B. The Smith and Callahan Claims Are Not Moot Defendants assert that plaintiffs Julie Smith and Aralene ("Barrie") and Frederick Callahan, whose minor children are in the tenth grade at the Dover High School, lack standing because their claims are moot. As a general matter, it is well-settled, and not disputed by defendants, that parents "have standing to bring constitutional challenges to the conditions in their children's schools." Sch. Dist. of Abington Township v. Schempp, 374 U.S. 203, 224 n.9 (1963); Donovan v. Punxsutawney Area Sch. Bd., 336 F.3d 211, 217 n.2 (3d Cir. 2003); Brody v. Spang, 957 F.2d 1108, 1114 (3d Cir. 1992). However, defendants assert that these -7- three parents' claims are moot because their children have passed the ninth grade, the grade when the challenged biology curriculum is presented. This argument frames plaintiffs' Establishment Clause claim far too narrowly. Students subjected to the intelligent design policy in the classroom are affected most directly, but courts have never defined Establishment Clause violations in public schools so narrowly as to limit standing to only those students immediately subjected to the offensive content. The Supreme Court has held that the very adoption of a policy that violates the Establishment Clause represents a constitutional injury. See Santa Fe Indep. Sch. Dist. v. Doe, 530 U.S. 290, 314 (2000). In Santa Fe, the Supreme Court, addressing an argument similar to defendants' argument here, explained: [Defendants'] argument, however, assumes that we are concerned only with the serious constitutional injury that occurs when a student is forced to participate in an [unconstitutional practice] because she [attends school]. But the Constitution also requires that we keep in mind the myriad, subtle ways in which the Establishment Clause values can be eroded, and that we guard against other different, yet equally important, constitutional injuries. One is the mere passage by the District of a policy that has the purpose and perception of government establishment of religion. Id. Santa Fe is in accord with the general Establishment Clause proposition that "the prohibition against governmental endorsement of religion -8- preclude[s] government from conveying or attempting to convey a message that religion or a particular religious belief is favored or preferred," County of Allegheny v. ACLU, 492 U.S. 573, 593 (1989) (emphasis in original) (citations omitted), and that an endorsement of religion is invalid because "it sends a message to nonadherents that they are outsiders, not full members of the political community, and an accompanying message to adherents that they are insiders, favored members of the political community." Lynch v. Donnelly, 465 U.S. 668, 688 (1984) (O'Connor, J., concurring). Children are susceptible to these constitutional injuries from a government policy promoting religion in their school, whether or not they are taking the specific class where the policy is being implemented, and plaintiffs have so alleged. Plaintiffs' children are exposed to the policy through the students that are or will be taking the class, and through their very awareness that the DASD has favored religious ideas in their school.2 Consistent with these standing principles, courts entertaining Establishment Clause challenges to teaching religious content in public school science classes have acknowledged standing by multiple plaintiffs, including If there was any doubt that the DASD was promoting intelligent design beyond the biology classroom, it was removed by the DASD's publication this week of a "Biology Curriculum Update" to the entire district. Lauri Lebo, Dover Defends ID Stance: Mailing the Dover Area School Board's letter to area residents will cost $900, YORK DAILY RECORD, February 15, 2005 at 1 http://ydr.com/story/doverbiology/58769/. That document reproduces the entire statement read to the students in biology class, and exacerbates its denigration of the scientific theory of evolution and its promotion of the religious concept of intelligent design in its "responses" to "Frequently Asked Questions." See Plaintiffs' Ex. A. 2 -9- school children of all ages, teachers, religious leaders and public organizations. See, e.g., Edwards v. Aguillard, 482 U.S. 578 (1987); Selman v. Cobb Co. Sch. Dist., Slip Copy, 2005 WL 83829, (N.D. Ga., Jan. 13, 2005); McLean v. Arkansas Bd. of Educ., 529 F. Supp. 1255 (E.D. Ark. 1982). There is absolutely no merit to the suggestion that the challenged plaintiffs are merely "concerned bystanders" to the controversy arising from defendants' intelligent design Policy. See Defs.' Br. at 8 (citing Valley Forge Christian College v. Americans United for the Separation of Church and State, 454 U.S. 464, 473 (1982)). They are parents of students attending the very public school where the unconstitutional material is being taught. Defendants do not cite a single case suggesting that Mrs. Smith and the Callahans do not have standing to challenge the constitutionality of a policy being implemented in their children's school while their children are attending it. Defendants rely on Donovan v. Punxsutawney Area Sch. Bd., 336 F.3d 211, 216 (3d Cir. 2003) for the proposition that "[w]hen a student challenges the constitutionality of a school policy, graduation typically moots her claim for injunctive or declaratory relief." They also cite Altman v. Bedford Cent. Sch. Dist., 245 F.3d 49, 73 (2d Cir. 2001), which involves standing issues for children who had moved from the school whose policy was being challenged. Neither of these circumstances applies to the challenged plaintiffs' children, who are still attending -10- the public school where religious views are being favored and actively endorsed in the academic setting. Mrs. Smith's and the Callahan's children have not graduated from Dover High School, and will not have by September 2005 when this trial is scheduled to occur,3 nor have they transferred out of Dover High School. C. The Eveland and Sneath Claims Are Ripe For Adjudication. Defendants argue that plaintiffs Eveland and Sneath lack standing because their claims on behalf of children currently in the first grade are not ripe. Defendants do not dispute that both parents allege in the complaint that their children attend elementary schools in the DASD, and that they intend to send their children to the Dover High School. Nor do defendants suggest that they intend to rescind the policy at some point in time before Ms. Sneath's and Ms. Eveland's children attend the Dover High School. Nonetheless, they argue that "the great amount of time that exists before these Plaintiffs' children are exposed…to the challenged biology curriculum" deprives them of standing. (Defs.' Br. at 13.) Defendants do not suggest that plaintiffs' children must currently be in ninth grade to have standing to bring this lawsuit. Indeed, by not contesting the standing of the Rehms (oldest child in the eighth grade), Fenimore and Leib When these students do graduate and apply to college or seek employment, they will experience the deleterious effect of the reputational damage to a Dover education resulting from the intelligent design policy. 3 -11- (children in the seventh and twelfth grades), and Stough (child in the eighth grade), defendants implicitly acknowledge that parents of children not yet in the grade where biology is taught have standing to challenge the intelligent design policy. However, defendants have apparently concluded that the eight years it will take Ms. Sneath's and Ms. Eveland's children to reach the ninth grade is too remote to satisfy Article III. They cite no cases establishing an eight-year limitation on standing to challenge unconstitutional government conduct. Indeed, the Third Circuit applies a "relaxed ripeness standard" to constitutional claims. Peachlum v. City of York, 333 F.3d 429, 434 (3d Cir. 2003). That court has recognized the standing of parents to challenge a graduation policy on behalf of a child in the seventh grade, five (5) years from graduation. Brody, 957 F.2d at 1114; see also Walsh v. Louisiana High Sch. Athletic Ass'n., 616 F.2d 152, 157 (5th Cir. 1980) (recognizing standing to bring Free Exercise Clause challenge to policy affecting ninth graders because parents had children enrolled in elementary or junior-high schools that ultimately would matriculate to the high school). Defendants have not explained how they distinguish among plaintiffs two, five, or eight years from direct exposure to the challenged policy for purposes of determining standing. Lest there be any doubt that plaintiffs have standing to challenge policies that will not directly affect them for eight or more years, consider Riva v. -12- Massachusetts, 61 F.3d 1003 (1st Cir. 1995). In August 1994, plaintiff Robert Kennan (one of several plaintiffs in the action), joined a pending lawsuit against the Commonwealth of Massachusetts challenging a policy that would begin reducing his retirement benefits beginning the last day of August 2002. Riva v. Massachusetts, 871 F. Supp. 1511, 1514, 1518 (D. Mass. 1994). The Court of Appeals reversed the district court's determination that Keenan's claim "lacked the ripeness necessary to confer justiciability." Riva, 61 F.3d at 1009. Unlike Riva, the cases defendants rely on do not suggest temporal rules for determining standing. Cole v. Orville Union High Sch. Dist., 228 F.3d 1092 (9th Cir. 2000), cited at page 10 of defendants' brief, involved a challenge to a high school's decision not to allow student speakers to deliver sectarian, proselytizing speeches at their graduation. The court denied standing to the speakers' younger siblings -- future graduates from that school -- because their "future injury depends upon the highly speculative assumption that a student seeking to give a sectarian speech or prayer will be chosen to . . . or elected" to speak when they graduate. Id. at 1100. In other words, the standing issue in Cole did not turn on how many years away plaintiffs were from being exposed to the challenged policy, but whether that policy would even need to be applied when they reached that point. In this case, however, there is no dispute that the -13- challenged policy will be in effect and applied to the plaintiffs' children in ninth grade, unless plaintiffs are successful at stopping it in this litigation. Defendants also rely on Auerbach v. Bd. of Educ., 136 F.3d 104 (2d Cir. 1998) to argue that "because the claims of these Plaintiffs rest on future events that may never occur, their claims are not ripe and should be dismissed." (Defs.' Br. at 14). In Auerbach, the plaintiffs were teachers challenging a retirement policy whose claims were dismissed on ripeness grounds because they had not retired at the time the lawsuit was filed, in March 1995. Id. at 108-09. Defendants omit from their description of the case the fact that the retirement policy, unlike the retirement policy in Riva which had no termination date, "was effective only through June 30, 1996, and as a result, any unretired teacher may be subject to entirely different contractual terms at the time he or she actually retires." Id. at 109. If defendants' intelligent design policy included a sunset clause that caused it to expire a year from the time this lawsuit was filed, or any time before plaintiffs' children are scheduled to attend the high school, a ripeness argument based on Auerbach might have merit. But that is not the case here. The children of plaintiffs Sneath and Eveland will definitely be subjected to the policy eight years in the future. Accordingly, their claims are ripe and they have standing. -14- D. Plaintiffs' Supposed "Free Exercise of Religion" Claim Cannot Be Dismissed Because It Has Not Been Asserted According to defendants, plaintiffs assert a claim under the Pennsylvania Constitution for " 'coerced religious practice' (i.e., free exercise of religion) . . . ." (Defs.' Br. at 15.) Defendants' motion to dismiss this claim must be denied for the simple reason that plaintiffs' complaint asserts no Free Exercise claim under either the Pennsylvania or the United States Constitution. This is apparent from the face of the complaint, which states, in relevant part: . . . defendants, acting under color of law, subjected plaintiffs to a deprivation of their rights under the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment of the Constitution of the United States, as applied to the states by the Fourteenth Amendment. (Compl. at ¶ 49.) This allegation comes in Count One, entitled "Violation of the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment of the Constitution of the United States." Plaintiffs' complaint alleges in great detail the ways in which the Policy violates the Establishment Clause, including the following statements that in their essentials are repeated in Count Two: its "purpose and effect are to advance and endorse the specific religious viewpoint and beliefs encompassed by the assertion or argument of intelligent design" (Compl. at ¶ 50); it "results in an excessive entanglement of government and religion, coerced religious instruction, and an endorsement by the state of religion over non-religion and of one religious viewpoint over others." (Compl. at ¶ 52.) -15- Count Two, entitled "Violations of the Constitution of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, Art. 1, Sec. 3; Art. III, Secs. 15 & 29," contains essentially the same allegations summarized into one paragraph, following the incorporation of the previous 54 paragraphs: [t]he purpose of defendants' intelligent design policy is to advance and endorse religion and a religious viewpoint. The defendants' intelligent design policy succeeds in doing so, resulting in an excessive entanglement of government and religion, coerced religious practice, and an endorsement by the state of religion over non-religion and of one religious viewpoint over others. (Compl. at ¶ 55.) Just as they have mischaracterized plaintiffs' First Amendment claims to create a premise for their motion to dismiss the challenged plaintiffs, defendants have mischaracterized plaintiffs' state constitutional claims. Their motion seizes upon the phrase "coerced religious practice" and seeks to collapse plaintiffs' state constitutional claims into a "Free Exercise" claim. Defendants are wrong. The gravaman of plaintiffs' state constitutional claim is identical to their Establishment Clause claim. This is clear from the structure of the complaint, Count Two's incorporation of all that has gone before, and the language of paragraph 55. Defendants concede that plaintiffs have adequately pleaded claims for violation of the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment, and by their argument concede that the Pennsylvania Constitution affords identical guarantees -16- of religious freedom. Defendants rely, for example, on Wiest v. Mt. Lebanon Sch. Dist., 320 A.2d 362 (Pa. 1974), in which the Pennsylvania Supreme Court held that the protection available under Pennsylvania's "Declaration of Rights" is coextensive with the First Amendment. Id. at 366. The Pennsylvania Supreme Court has repeatedly recognized the equivalent of Establishment Clause claims under the Pennsylvania Constitution, id., which are exactly the claims pleaded here by plaintiffs. Moreover, defendants' legal argument fundamentally misunderstands the relationship between the Establishment Clause and the Free Exercise Clause. Defendants correctly point out that an Establishment Clause violation, unlike a Free Exercise Clause violation, need not involve "governmental compulsion." (See Defs.' Br. at 15) (citing Engel v. Vitale, 370 U.S. 421, 430 (1962)). They appear to conclude from this, though, that the reference to "coerced religious practice" in the complaint must implicate a "free exercise claim." This conclusion is unwarranted. While an Establishment Clause violation need not involve "governmental compulsion," it certainly can. As the Court observed in Engel, "these two clauses may in certain instances overlap," and the Establishment Clause is violated by "laws which establish an official religion whether those laws operate -17- directly to coerce nonobserving individuals or not." Engel, 370 U.S. at 430-31 (emphasis added).4 Defendants go on to cite cases involving "opt-out" procedures. (See Defs.' Br. at 16). Because the Establishment Clause can be violated even when attendance is not mandatory, the "opt-out cases" cited by defendants are simply irrelevant here. See, e.g., Schempp at 374 U.S. 224-25 (morning Bible readings in public school are unconstitutional under the Establishment Clause even though "individual students may absent themselves [from the classrooms where readings are heard] upon parental request, for that fact furnishes no defense to a claim . . . under the Establishment Clause"); Engel, 370 U.S. at 430 ("[n]either the fact that the prayer may be denominationally neutral nor the fact this its observance on the part of students is voluntary can serve to free it from the limitations of the Establishment Clause, as it might from the Free Exercise Clause"). Defendants' motion to dismiss Count Two is fundamentally mistaken and must be denied. Indeed, in explaining the distinction between the two Clauses, the Court noted that "[t]his is not to say, of course, that laws officially prescribing a particular form of religious worship do not involve coercion of such [nonobserving] individuals. When the power, prestige and financial support of government is placed behind a particular form of religious belief, the indirect coercive pressure upon religious minorities to conform to the prevailing officially approved religion is plain." Engel, 370 U.S. at 430-31. 4 -18- E. Plaintiffs Have Stated Claims under Art. III, §§ 15 & 29 of The Pennsylvania Constitution Sections 15 and 29 of Article III of the Pennsylvania Constitution are read in pari materia with Art. I, § 3, as "all born of the fixed purpose and intent that church and state must be kept separate in this commonwealth." Hysong v. Gallitzin Borough Sch. Dist., 164 Pa. 629, 640-44 (1894) (opinion of the court below, approved by Supreme Court, id. at 654; see also Wiest, 320 A.2d at 366. Following this established principle, plaintiffs' Count Two pleads these sections conjunctively as the basis for their state constitutional claim. (Compl. at ¶¶ 55-56.) Defendants wish the Court to treat these sections disjunctively, and to focus obsessively on the word "appropriation." Doing either is inconsistent with the Pennsylvania Supreme Court's approach: . . . this Court has prohibited the use of a public schoolroom for Catholic religious instruction after hours, Hysong Gallitzin Borough School District, 164 Pa. 629, 30 A. 482 (1894), and the use of public school property for sectarian religious purposes when school was not in session, Bender v. Streabich, 182 Pa. 251, 37 A. 853 (1897). Wiest, 320 A.2d at 366. Both of these cases relied on the predecessor of Art. I, §3 and Art. III, §§ 15 & 29, and neither involved an "appropriation." Even if this Court were to limit its inquiry to the language of sections 15 and 29, it must conclude that plaintiffs have pleaded a claim. Defendants' intelligent design policy flouts the Pennsylvania Constitution by using public- -19- education funds for the purposes of religious instruction. Under section 15, "[n]o money raised for the support of the public schools of the Commonwealth shall be appropriated to or used for the support of any sectarian school," nor, under section 29, shall any "appropriation . . . be made . . . to any denominational or sectarian institution, corporation or association . . . ." Plaintiffs' complaint clearly alleges that defendants' intelligent design policy will require staff time for the presentation of intelligent design to students. (Comp. at ¶¶ 40, 45.) Common sense, as well as the required inference at the 12(b)(6) stage, dictates that this use of educational resources represents an expenditure of public funds.5 In interpreting Art. III, § 18, the substantively identical precursor to § 29, the Pennsylvania Supreme Court noted that the "history of the development of social and political life in America shows a set purpose to divorce, absolutely, church and state . . . . The intent of provisions like [Art. III, § 18] is . . . to forbid the state from giving, either directly or indirectly, any recognition to a religious sect or denomination, even in the fields of public education and charity . . . ." Collins v. Kephart, 117 A. 440, 441 (Pa. 1921) (finding appropriations to Defendants ignore the proper standard of review at this preliminary stage when they flatly assert, without any reference to plaintiffs' complaint, that there "is no 'out of pocket' loss in this case that can be traced to the challenged portions of DASD's biology curriculum." (See Defs.' Br. at 6 n.1). This is especially ironic since the DASD is mailing out a newsletter this week [at an admitted cost of at least $900] to all its residents in order to defend its position in the debate over intelligent design. See Plaintiffs' Ex. A. 5 -20- religiously affiliated hospitals unconstitutional under Art. III, § 18, even where some of these institutions admitted patients of all faiths). Here, taking the allegations of the complaint as true, "intelligent design is inherently religious," and "[t]he purpose of defendants' intelligent design policy is to advance and endorse religion and a religious viewpoint." (Compl. at ¶¶ 20, 55.) Were funds of the Commonwealth to flow "directly or indirectly," Collins, 117 A. at 441, to the implementation of defendant's intelligent design policy, it would constitute a subsidization and encouragement of their religious beliefs and an excessive entanglement of the Commonwealth with religion, impermissible under Art. III, §§ 15 & 29.6 Defendants cite a case in which state-funded busing of students to sectarian schools was upheld. Springfield Sch. Dist. v. Dep't of Educ., 397 A.2d 1154, 1171 (Pa. 1979). The situation in the instant case, however, is quite distinct from that in Springfield, in which the expenditure at issue "merely confer[ed] upon all children the right to be transported safely to their school." Springfield, 397 A.2d at 1171 (emphasis in original). As such, the appropriation was authorized because "payment for the performance of a governmental duty [does] not fall within the constitutional proscriptions [of, e.g., Sec. 29]." Common Cause of Pennsylvania v. Commonwealth, 668 A.2d 190, 204 (Pa. Commw. Ct.. 1995) (emphasis in original). Here, defendants' alleged purposes are to promote religion and a particular religious viewpoint. (Comp. at ¶ 55). Accordingly, any monies appropriated and used by the defendants that are spent implementing their intelligent design policy would not be spent in "payment for the performance of a governmental duty." Common Cause, 668 A.2d at 204. Defendants also miss the mark in reading Doremus v. Bd. of Educ., 342 U.S. 429 (1952) as if it presented a substantive interpretation of the First Amendment or Art. III, §§ 15 & 29 of the Pennsylvania Constitution. Doremus discussed appropriations only as they relate to assessing taxpayer standing, not as they figure in Art, III, §§ 15 & 29. 6 -21- III. CONCLUSION For the foregoing reasons, the Court should deny defendants' motion to dismiss. Respectfully submitted, /s/ Thomas B. Schmidt, III Eric Rothschild (PA 71746) Stephen G. Harvey (PA 58233) Joseph M. Farber (PA 84965) Benjamin M. Mather (PA 89959) Pepper Hamilton LLP 3000 Two Logan Square 18th & Arch Streets Philadelphia, PA 19103 (215) 981-4000 (215) 981-4750 (fax) firstname.lastname@example.com Thomas B. Schmidt, III (PA 19196) Pepper Hamilton LLP 200 One Keystone Plaza North Front and Market Streets P.O. Box 1181 Harrisburg, PA 17108 (717) 255-1155 (717) 238-0575 (fax) firstname.lastname@example.com Witold J. Walczak (PA 62976) ACLU of Pennsylvania 313 Atwood Street Pittsburgh, PA 15213 412-681-7864 412-681-8707 (fax) email@example.com -22- Paula K. Knudsen (PA 87607) ACLU of Pennsylvania 105 N. Front St., Suite 225 Harrisburg, PA 17101 (717) 236-6827 (717) 236-6895 (fax) email@example.com Ayesha Khan (adm. phv) Richard B. Katskee (adm. phv) Alex J. Luchenitser (adm. phv) Americans United for Separation of Church and State 518 C St., NE Washington, DC 20002 (202) 466-3234 (202) 466-2587 (fax) email@example.com; firstname.lastname@example.com; firstname.lastname@example.com Attorneys for Plaintiffs, TAMMY KITZMILLER; BRYAN AND CHRISTY REHM; DEBORAH FENIMORE AND JOEL LIEB; STEVEN STOUGH; BETH EVELAND; CYNTHIA SNEATH; JULIE SMITH, AND ARALENE ("BARRIE") D. AND FREDERICK B. CALLAHAN Dated: February 18, 2005 -23- CERTIFICATE OF COMPLIANCE I certify that pursuant to LR 7.8(b) the foregoing Plaintiffs' Brief in Opposition to Defendants' Motion to Dismiss has a typeface of 14 point Times New Roman and contains 4,996 words, in compliance with this rule. Dated: February 18, 2005 /s/ Thomas B. Schmidt, III___________ Thomas B. Schmidt, III (PA 19196) Pepper Hamilton LLP 200 One Keystone Plaza North Front and Market Streets P.O. Box 1181 Harrisburg, PA 17108 (717) 255-1155 (717) 238-0575 (fax) email@example.com CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE I hereby certify that on February 18, 2005, a copy of the foregoing Plaintiffs' Brief in Opposition to Defendants' Motion to Dismiss should be served on the following counsel through the electronic case filing system: Richard Thompson, Esquire Robert J. Muise, Esquire Patrick T. Gillen, Esquire Thomas More Law Center 24 Frank Lloyd Wright Drive P.O. Box 393 Ann Arbor, MI 48106 Ron Turo, Esquire Turo Law Offices 29 South Pitt Street Carlisle, PA 17013 (Counsel for Defendants) (Counsel for Defendants) /s/ Thomas B. Schmidt III Thomas B. Schmidt, III (PA 19196)


text:
Quality Hotel Colonial Launceston
31 Elizabeth Street
Launceston, TS 7250
Phone: (61) 3 63316588
Fax: (61) 3 63342765
31 Elizabeth Street, Launceston, TS, AU, 7250
- Téléphone : (61) 3 63316588
- Télécopie : (61) 3 63342765
Itinéraire pour notre hôtel
From Launceston Airport: Follow the signs on Evandale Road to Launceston and you will come to a roundabout. Take the Midland highway exit and continue to follow the signs to Launceston. The Midland highway becomes Bathurst Street. Cross over Frankland Street and your fourth street afterwards is Elizabeth, which you can turn right into. Follow 3 blocks. You will see the hotel on your right side. From Hobart: Approximately 2 hour drive. Take the Midland Highway. Continue to follow the signs to Launceston. Cross over Frankland Street and your fourth street afterwards is Elizabeth, which you can turn right into. Follow this 3 blocks. Hotel on your right.
Itinéraire à partir/vers un aéroport à proximité
Latitude et longitude de l'hôtel :
Latitude : -41.439404 Longitude : 147.142319
Transports :
|Réseau métropolitain local
|0.1miles/0.1km N
|Launceston Airport
|7.5miles/12.0km N
|Devonport Airport
|62.2miles/100.0km NE
|Hobart Airport
|124.3miles/200.0km S


text:
Fixing the broken U.S. talent flow
An exceptional economy has been lost because Americans stopped doing exceptional work.
Sunday Business
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For investors, it's a perfect time to go back to the basics
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BBB Business Review
Are You the Business Owner of Cooper Roofing & Solar of Texas, LLC?
If yes, click here to login.
BBB Accredited Business since
Cooper Roofing & Solar of Texas, LLC
Phone: (512) 650-7901 Fax: (702) 688-7941 View Additional Phone Numbers 13021 Gateway Alliance Dr Ste 4, Fort Worth, TX 76244 http://www.coopersolar.com
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Find aggregate BBB complaint information for Cooper Roofing & Solar of Texas, LLC. BBB of Southern Nevada, Inc. has the full report as that BBB handles all complaints for Cooper Roofing & Solar of Texas, LLC.
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Business ManagementMr. Scott M. Donnelly, President/Owner Ms. Angela Donnelly, Office Manager Mr. Paul Torblaa, General Manager
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Donnie Inas Welch, 87 years, passed to heaven on Oct. 3, 2013, at Heart of the Ozarks Healthcare Center, Ava, Mo., with her family by her side. Donnie was born Dec. 24, 1925, in Dugginsville, Mo., to Ireland and Edna ...Read More »
Janet L. Perry, 59
Janet L. Perry was born on Dec. 6, 1953 in Dallas, Texas, the daughter of J.D. Prince and Berdie Mae Bond Prince. She was one of eight children born to this union. She departed this life on Oct. 5, 2013 ...Read More »
Jerry Lee Patrick, 56
Jerry Lee Patrick, 56 years, passed away on Oct. 8, 2013 at Cox Medical Center South, Springfield, Mo. Jerry was born Nov. 4, 1956 in Joplin, Mo., to Raymond Edward Patrick and Florence Delena (Maggard) Patrick. Jerry was a resident ...Read More »
Charles Lewis "Chuck" Briscoe, 90
Charles Lewis "Chuck" Briscoe, 90 years, passed away on Oct. 4, 2013 at Heart of the Ozarks Healthcare, Ava, Mo. Chuck was born Nov. 22, 1922 in Newark, Ohio, to Herbert L. and Ethel A. (Dittman) Briscoe. Chuck grew up ...Read More »
Halle Adams, 80
Halle Bailey (Hal) Adams, 80, began his heavenly journey Sept. 30, 2013 from his home near Ava, surrounded by his loving family. He began his earthly journey Feb. 18, 1933, in Jacksonville, Fla., the son of John Hugh and Hallie ...Read More »
'Pink Out' At Ava High School This Friday Night
In honor of National Breast Cancer Awareness Month, Ava High School National Honor Society would like to encourage community members, students and faculty to wear pink this Friday and to the home football game on Friday night. National Honor Society ...Read More »
Trinity Lutheran Church
Oct. 13, 21st Sunday after Pentecost. Pastor Wayne A. Strohschein, spoke on text from Luke 17:11-19. In today's gospel story, Jesus healed 10 lepers then sends them off to show themselves to the priest, all in accordance to the scriptural ...Read More »
The Snoop 10.17.2013
Some people move into the community and they are never quite able to give up the past. They are constantly letting you know "how we did it back in (you name the place)." Such was not the case with our ...Read More »
Town & Country Bank Breaks Ground on a New Ava Facility
Construction on Town & Country Bank's new 7,156 square foot location took a ceremonial first step forward with a groundbreaking ceremony on Oct. 7. The public was invited to the event and Douglas County native Wayne Gott gave a brief ...Read More »
Ava Fire Department Answers Call Monday
The City of Ava Volunteer Fire Department was called to a residence on NW 3rd Ave. at 1 p.m. Monday to extinguish a fire in the floor of a house. It was reported that a worker was attempting to solder ...Read More »


text:
This article is about the pioneering African-American NBA basketball player. ... and Earl Lloyd, became the first African American players in the NBA in 1950.en.wikipedia.org
The composition of race and ethnicity in the National Basketball Association ( NBA) has changed ... Chuck Cooper was the first black player drafted in the NBA.en.wikipedia.org
Some of the first predominantly black universities to form basketball teams ... became the first African American all-American college basketball player, in 1931 .en.wikipedia.org
William Leon Garrett (April 4, 1929 – August 7, 1974) was the first African- American basketball player in the Big Ten athletic conference. Born in Shelbyville ...en.wikipedia.org
He was a pioneer as an African-American basketball player, becoming the first to be named NCAA All-American, the first to play on a United States men's ...en.wikipedia.org
Harold Hunter (April 30, 1926 – March 7, 2013) was an American basketball coach and player. On April 26, 1950, Hunter became the first African American to ...en.wikipedia.org
Earl Francis Lloyd (born April 3, 1928) is a retired American basketball player. He was the first African American to play in the National Basketball Association, ...en.wikipedia.org
Russell played center for the Boston Celtics of the National Basketball Association ... was the first African American player to achieve superstar status in the NBA.en.wikipedia.org
From New york City, he was the second African American player in Wake Forest's ... Basketball Player of the Year, and the first black player to win the award.en.wikipedia.org
In the end, his Texas Western Miners team comprises seven black and five white ... who portrayed African-American college basketball player Harry Flournoy. ... It was reprinted five times in its first four months of release and was selected as an ...en.wikipedia.org


text:
1st Alumni Homecoming
On December 5th Acsenda School of Management will hold is 1st Alumni Homecoming at its Vancouver Campus. 10 years of… more
Acsenda School of Management is an international business management and leadership institution that offers undergraduate programs in the province of British Columbia, Canada. We emphasize a unique combination of small class sizes, open access to instructors and the use of the latest technology. We are able to get to know our students. We understand their strengths, and work with them directly to foster a deeper level of critical thinking and business management knowledge.
On December 5th Acsenda School of Management will hold is 1st Alumni Homecoming at its Vancouver Campus. 10 years of… more
We are pleased to announce that our School will be organizing a Job/Career Fair on Thursday, November 20th from 11am… more
Update: Download Mr. Chu's presentation here. The 5th and final lecture in the Global Leadership Lecture Series organized by Acsenda… more
Acsenda School of Management is pleased to announce the appointment of Adam Farrell to a new position, Director of Library,… more
Update: Thank you to everyone who attended Professor Kanwar's presentation. Her powerpoint presentation is available here. We are now on… more


text:
Rajnath to visit flood-hit UP areas Friday
Home Minister Rajnath Singh will Friday visit the flood-hit areas of eastern Uttar Pradesh to review the situation, officials said.
Home ministry officials said the minister will visit Gorakhpur to review the flood situation.
Rajnath Singh is scheduled to meet local officials and will also do an aerial survey of the affected areas.
Flood water from the Rapti river entered eight villages in Deoria district and also affected several other areas in the Gorakhpur-Basti zone Tuesday.
(Posted on 21-08-2014)
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Eksempel in the top left corner means Example...
What is the numbers in ABCDEF....
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Guest Message by DevFuse
Numbers 25
Started by Billabolla, Oct 25 2012 01:27 PM
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Posted 25 October 2012 - 01:27 PM
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Posted 26 October 2012 - 07:26 AM
Very nice puzzle...
Spoiler for answer
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Photo Credit: Dasani
If you're like us at iVillage, Earth Week is a great reminder to start looking for small things we can do to make a big difference. Now, thanks to new, 100% recyclable PlantBottle packaging from The Coca-Cola Company, the type of beverage you choose can help reduce your impact on the environment!
Starting this month, The Coca-Cola Company is rolling out PlantBottle packaging across the country, giving people a more environmentally responsible option for refreshment.
The new packaging, which is being used for both DASANI and Odwalla, uses plant-based materials, which means a reduction in potential carbon dioxide emissions and the use of nonrenewable fossil fuels. DASANI bottles, made with PET plastic, are now produced using up to 30% plant-based materials. Odwalla bottles, which use HDPE plastic, are made with up to 100% plant-based materials.
The great news is PlantBottle packaging is also 100% recyclable — just recycle them with the rest of your plastic and you're good to go!
Wondering more about the plants involved? We were too! The plant-based materials for both DASANI and Odwalla PlantBottle packaging are produced using sugarcane ethanol from Brazil, the only source widely recognized globally for its unique environmental and social performance. Rest assured, the plantations sourced are located far away from Amazon rain forests, and their impact on biodiversity is reduced thanks to advanced farming practices and sound public policy.
DASANI and Odwalla are the first brands The Coca-Cola Company is introducing nationally in 100% recyclable plant-based bottles, but they definitely won't be the last. The Company is working hard to ensure that in the future every beverage it produces is available in PlantBottle packaging.
For more information please visit www.thecoca-colacompany.com


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The 136th entry in our DJBooth.net Freestyle Series comes courtesy of CHI-ILL, the Windy City native who earned reader acclaim for Ready to Go back in September '09. On his brand new, exclusive, What the Game Is Missing freestyle, the Torture Chamber emcee flows over original boardwork by O-Zone. CHI-ILL 's latest LP, Last Chance Lounge, is set to drop sometime this spring. In the meantime, fans can check out exclusive track March on the Booth's own Haiti aid mixtape, Rhymes & Rhythm for Relief.
Readers can download a copy of the newly-released In the Booth (Volume 3), featuring exclusive freestyles 61 through 90, here! Volumes one and two are available for download here and here.
CHI-ILL DownloadsDJ Booth Freestyle
Written by richard on 02/4/10
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Torture Chamber Records
First DJ Booth Appearance:
"Ready to Go" (2009)
Total DJ Booth Features:
1 Songs
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Am seeking information on Date of Death and possible burial site for Sadie Violet Goble/Goebel Enge who lived in the Woodville area according to the 1940 Federal Census. Husband(divorced) Otto Adolph Enge. Daughter - Mary Lynn Enge Miller.
Any help will be greatly appreciated.
Robert A. Young
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NC police say teen's shooting death self-inflicted
DURHAM, N.C. (AP) — Police in North Carolina say all evidence collected during their investigation into the shooting death of a handcuffed teenager indicates he killed himself with a concealed large-caliber pistol that a rookie officer failed to detect when he frisked him.
Durham police on Friday presented preliminary findings of an internal investigation into the shooting death of 17-year-old Jesus Huerta, who died Nov. 19 in the back of a squad car as it was pulling into the parking lot at police headquarters.
A medical examiner's report released separately on Friday said Huerta died from a close-range gunshot to the face.
Huerta had been arrested by Officer Samuel Duncan shortly before he died on an outstanding warrant for misdemeanor trespassing after a family member called 911 and asked for help after the teen walked out of his home following a late-night argument.
"The evidence and information collected thus far indicate that Mr. Huerta had a handgun concealed on his person," said Capt. L.J. Clayton, who oversaw the department's internal affairs investigation. "Officer Duncan did not discover this handgun during his search of Mr. Huerta. Mr. Huerta shot himself with that handgun."
The Durham Police report on the shooting is separate from an ongoing review by the State Bureau of Investigation, the findings of which have not yet been made public.
Huerta's death in police custody has rocked this Southern city. Racial tensions here can be quick to boil to the surface and mistrust of law enforcement runs deep in many minority neighborhoods, even though the city's police chief is Latino and the long-serving mayor is black.
What was intended as a peaceful candlelight vigil involving about 200 people a few days before Christmas turned violent when heavily armed police in riot gear responded with canisters of tear gas after they said an officer was struck in the helmet by a bottle thrown from within the crowd. Six people were arrested.
Authorities called a news media-only briefing on Friday at the city's downtown police headquarters, held in a tightly packed room only yards from where Huerta died. The teen's family and their attorney, who have been highly critical of the conduct of the police officials, including Chief Jose L. Lopez Sr., were not invited. The report was released to the family before officials discussed it with reporters.
In presenting the preliminary findings, Clayton said Huerta's sister called 911 about 2:10 a.m. to report the teen missing. The sister told the 911 dispatcher that Huerta had previously attempted suicide, but, according to police, that information was not relayed to officers on the ground.
Duncan, who had just completed his final patrol training, and another officer spotted Huerta and a second teen about 20 minutes later at a corner about a mile from the police station. According to the report, both teens initially gave false names to the officers. Huerta was identified and arrested after a criminal database search indicated he had an outstanding warrant. The other teen, Jamie Perez, was also arrested.


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Pet owners (97 of them!—what a crazy room) were brought into the laboratory. Some were induced to feel socially rejected by writing about a time in their past when they felt socially isolated or excluded. The other half of participants did not undergo this exercise.
The pet owners were then instructed to do one of three tasks: 1. write about their pet, 2. write about their best friend, or 3. draw a map of the area (control).
As expected, those subjected to "social rejection" who drew the map felt subjectively worse than the beginning of the experiment. Those "rejected," however, who wrote about either their pet or their best friend experienced positive feelings, even after the feelings of rejection were induced. In other words, thinking about one's pet could stave off feelings of rejection not unlike thinking about your best bud.
Also interesting was the fact that positivity scores were not dependent on whether the person owned a cat or dog, or even horse, goat, or snake.
I would have liked to know how many of those pet owners actually equate or consider their pets their best friends. Personally, I know that my greyhound, Patrick, is my best friend. The fact that he has a human name makes me a little more willing to declare my undying love for him in the company of others.
McConnell AR, Brown CM, Shoda TM, Stayton LE, & Martin CE (2011). Friends with benefits: on the positive consequences of pet ownership. Journal of personality and social psychology, 101(6), 1239-52 PMID: 21728449


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Carriage Mantel Clock - Control Brand MCMItem # HN-KI3129
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Categories Food, Groceries Tea, Herbal Darjeeling Tea
Twinings, Origins, Darjeeling Tea, 20 Tea Bags, 1.41 oz (40 g)
- Shipping Weight: 0.42 lbs (0.19kg)
- Product Code: TWN-15412
- UPC Code: 070177154127
- Package Quantity: 20 Tea Bags, 1.41 oz (40 g)
- Dimensions: 2.7 x 3.1 x 5.1 in, 0.2 lbs (0.09kg)
- Expiration Date: Jul 2017
Madre Labs, CocoCardio, 7.93 oz (225 g)
Priced together: $15.26 Priced separately: $18.26
Product Overview
- By Appointment to Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II
- Of London
- Fine Black Tea from the Foothills of the Himalayas Expertly Blended to Deliver a Delicate Tea with a Slightly Sweet Taste and Fragrant Aroma.
- Light Tea Strength
- 20 Individually Wrapped Tea Bags
- Kosher
- Teas Natural Source of Antioxidants
Origins: from the world's best tea regions
Darjeeling tea is grown on the foothills of the Himalayan Mountains in northeast India. The high altitude, soil and climate of the Darjeeling estates contribute to this tea's delicate taste with honey and muscatel grape notes. Twinings Darjeeling uses a combination of hand-selected 1st and 2nd Flush teas, known for their fine quality. Darjeeling is often regarded as one of the finest teas.
Origins From the World's Best Tea Regions
For over 300 years, Twinings has been sourcing and blending the finest, high-quality teas from around the globe to ensure that your tea has the perfect balance of tea taste, flavour and aroma. Twinings blends to perfection the finest teas from the world's best tea growing regions to give you a line of distinctive teas with a fresh taste and invigorating aroma.
The Twinings Story
In 1706 Thomas Twining began selling fine tea from an English storefront in The Strand, London. Today, Twinings still sells some of the world's best teas from the original store and in more than 100 countries throughout the world.
Suggested Use
Brewing Suggestions
Hot Tea: Pour freshly boiled water over tea bag and allow to brew for 2-4 minutes depending on desired strength. Enjoy sweetened or plain- the choice is yours.
Refreshing Iced Tea: To make 1 Quart of Iced Tea, use 4 tea bags and brew as suggested above using 4 cups of water. Allow to cool, then serve over ice.
Supplement Facts
Black tea.


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Summary: INCOME TAX FUNDAMENTALS 2012, 30E provides a concise, practical, and time-tested introduction to the most important areas of tax law. For over thirty years, this textbook has been the market-leading standard due to its step-by-step workbook format that incorporates real examples using actual tax forms. And, with strong end-of-chapter reinforcement, including online interactive quizzes, INCOME TAX FUNDAMENTALS 2012, 30E makes sure that students have gain the knowledge and skills they' ...show morell need as future tax preparers. ...show lessEdition/Copyright: 12
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I recently spoke with my next door neighbor, and he's telling me that when he comes back from his Thanksgiving vacation he intends to join the prestigious Glock ranks.
Ahhhh I feel that I'm doing my part to help the economy.
He also intends to do his NC CCW class as well.


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Graveyard Background Illustration
Design: VBGGRV
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- Attractive
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- Fits Theme
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I bought the vinal one my other I had was coragated and got messed up due to moister I belive this one will hold up much better and the graphic are awesome
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Are CUSTOM Sizes available in the Vinyl Option? I would use this outside backing my graveyard props.
My size needs would be 48" Tall x 120" wide...Asked on 10/5/2014 by light wizard
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A:We do not have custom sizes on this item - the available sizes and materials are shownAnswered on 10/6/2014 by csr
Q:Are the dimensions length x width or width x lengthAsked on 10/19/2010 by ayo
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A:The dimensions are width (how tall) x length (how long).Answered on 10/20/2010 by csr
A:lengthxwidthAnswered on 9/22/2011 by tee from syr.ny.
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