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A method and apparatus are set forth which enables a gas chromatographic column output to be connected with a pulse discharge chamber in which chemically bound chlorine in volatile organic or inorganic samples is measured. A spark discharge is formed in the chamber to ionize and excite helium molecules to a metastable state. In turn, that transfers excitation to a trace of krypton gas in the chamber which is ionized, and the ionized krypton then preferentially binds with chemically bound chlorine. The latter binding occurs with the liberation of a photon centered at about 222 nanometers thereby defining a spectral region of interest which is measured by a photomultiplier tube to quantify chemically bound chlorine.
1. A method of measuring bound chlorine concentration in volatile organic and inorganic samples comprising the steps of:
(a) exciting a noble gas to a metastable state for mixing with chlorine bound in a sample;
(b) reacting the excited noble gas to combine with chlorine in the sample to form excited chlorine molecules with the noble gas;
(c) permitting the excited noble chlorine molecules to decay by forming photons emitted from the decay; and
(d) measuring the photons emitted by such excited chlorine molecules decay to quantify the amount of chlorine in the sample.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the chlorine bound in the sample emit photons in the spectral region around 220 nanometers.
3. The method of claim 2 wherein the noble gas is excited for mixing with the chlorine of the sample in a chamber maintained at atmospheric pressure.
4. The method of claim 1 including the preliminary step of mixing krypton with helium, and placing the mixture of krypton and helium for exposure to an energy source to excite the krypton for subsequent decay from the excited state.
5. The method of claim 1 including:
(a) forming the noble gas from helium and an effective amount of krypton;
(b) reacting the noble gas at atmospheric pressure in a reaction chamber; and
(c) measuring the emitted photons in the reaction chamber.
6. The method of claim 5 including the step of limiting the krypton to about 1% of the noble gas, and directed emitted photons through a reaction chamber window for measurement.
7. The method of claim 6 wherein the window directs the emitted photons to a measuring device passing through air.
8. An apparatus for detection of chemically bound chlorine in organic or inorganic compounds comprising:
(a) an excitation chamber for providing excitation energy therein;
(b) a noble gas supply for providing an effective amount above about 0.2 to about 1.0% of krypton in helium to said excitation chamber so that krypton molecules become excited therein;
(c) an input to said chamber for a sample having chemically bound chlorine therein; and
(d) frequency sensitive light measuring sensor viewing said chamber for measuring light emitted therefrom on molecular interaction of chemically bound chlorine with krypton in said chamber.
9. The apparatus of claim 8 wherein said sensor measures light emitted from said chamber and passing through air to said sensor and thereby quantifies chlorine as a function of measured light.
10. The apparatus of claim 8 wherein said chamber operates at atmospheric pressure, and a window in said chamber enables light emitted in said chamber to be viewed through said window by said sensor.
11. A method of measuring chemically bound halides and determining the concentration thereof in samples wherein the method comprises the steps of:
(a) exciting a flow of krypton to an energy state above the ground energy state;
(b) mixing and reacting the excited krypton gas with chemically bound halides including chlorine compounds so that the chemically bound halides are changed to a high energy state on interaction with excited krypton to form krypton halide molecules which decay after formation to a ground energy state; and
(c) measuring krypton halide decay from the excited state to determine the amount of halides in the sample.
12. The method of claim 11 including the step of separating as a function of frequency the decay of chlorine from fluorine.
13. The method of claim 11 including the step of detecting photons at about 222 nanometers.
14. The method of claim 11 including the preliminary step of mixing the krypton with helium and flowing the mixed helium and krypton into a reaction chamber;
mixing the chemically bound halides in the chamber with excited krypton to form krypton halide in the reaction chamber;
permitting the decay in the reaction chamber to emit photons for measurement;
directing the emitted photons through air to a measuring instrument.
15. The method of claim 14 wherein said reaction chamber is operated at atmospheric pressure, and said krypton comprises an effective amount of at least about 0.2% and helium comprises the remainder.
16. The method of claim 15 including the step of measuring photons in a frequency band capable of transmission through air.
17. The method of claim 11 including the step of exciting the krypton gas in the chamber by electric current flow therein, and decaying the krypton gas over a time interval to thereby charge the bound halides to the high energy state.
18. A method of measuring bound chlorine concentration in volatile organic and inorganic samples comprising the steps of:
(a) exciting helium to a metastable state;
(b) exciting a second noble gas from the decay of excited helium to a metastable state;
(c) reacting the excited second noble gas to combine with chlorine in the sample to form excited chlorine molecules with the excited second noble gas;
(d) permitting the excited chlorine molecules to decay by forming photons emitted from the decay; and
(e) measuring the photons emitted by such decay to quantify the amount of chlorine in the sample.
19. The method of claim 18 including:
(a) mixing the helium and krypton as a gas flow into an excitation chamber;
(b) exposing the chamber to an excitation energy source;
(c) operating the chamber at atmospheric pressure;
(d) mixing a sample flow in the chamber;
(e) measuring the photons through an opening into the chamber.
20. The method of claim 19 wherein the krypton comprises at least about 0.2% of the helium, and the photons are transmitted through air.
21. The method of claim 20 wherein the energy source operates to from an electrical discharge.
22. A method of measuring bound fluorine and chlorine concentration in a vaporous sample comprising the steps of:
(a) forming a carrier gas primarily of helium and an effective amount of krypton gas above about 0.2%;
(b) flowing the carrier gas into an excitation chamber to excite the carrier gas including the step of forming at least some metastable helium and permitting time decay of the excited helium;
(c) forming metastable krypton gas in the carrier gas flow;
(c) reacting the metastable krypton with bound fluorine and chlorine to form metastable krypton fluorine and chlorine molecules;
(e) decaying over time the metastable molecules so that decay emits light photons in proportion to the bound fluorine and chlorine present in the sample.
23. The method of claim 22 including the preliminary step of time separating different bound fluorine and chlorine molecules and measuring photons to obtain time separated quantification thereof.
24. The method of claim 23 including the preliminary step of mixing up to about 1% krypton with helium and flowing the carrier gas into the excitation chamber at atmospheric pressure;
exciting the carrier gas in the chamber after introduction to from a specified concentration of metastable krypton gas; and
decaying over time the krypton fluorine and chlorine molecules in the chamber to emit light photons transmitted out of the chamber for measurement on the exterior of said chamber.
25. The method of claim 24 including the preliminary step of time separating different bound fluorine and chlorine molecules in a chromatograph;
measuring from the exterior of said chamber light photons emitted from said chamber so that bound fluorine and chlorine molecules are quantified; and
recording over time the quantified light photons to obtain the time separate bound fluorine and chlorine measurements.
This disclosure is directed toward the measurement of concentrations of compounds in a gas sample. More particularly, the disclosure is directed toward methods and apparatus for measuring concentrations of compounds containing chlorine within a mixture of noble gases and, in particular, within a helium carrier gas which has been doped with relatively small concentrations of krypton. The disclosed system has also been used for measuring concentrations of other halogens such as fluorine. Other noble gas dopants such as xenon and argon have also been employed. Spark discharges are used to initiate a series of reactions within the carrier gas and sample mixture which results in the formation of an excited chlorine-krypton molecule which, in turn, emits characteristic photon radiation. The concentration of chlorine within the sample is then determined from the measured intensity of the characteristic photon radiation from the decay of excited chlorine-krypton. It is emphasized that the intensity of the characteristic photon radiation is proportional to the mass of chlorine within the sample. The chlorine content is, therefore, determined independently of the structure of the compound in which it is contained.
For many years, there has been a strong desire to develop gas chromatographic detectors that detect only a specific element. It is well known in the art that a gas chromatographic (GC) column is able to separate very similar compounds into separate peaks output as a function of time. This time-based separation is especially useful in delineation of adjacent peaks. Once the peaks are separated, it is necessary to identify the constituents of the peaks, and then to quantify these constituents so that concentrations of compounds or elements within the sample gas input into the GC can be determined.
Detectors which respond to chlorine are especially needed in the field of pollution monitoring and control. Chlorine pollutants in air or in water are generally in the form of organic compounds. Pollutants, however, also include a far greater variety of compounds which have chlorine in them. Common, and potentially dangerous, water and air pollutants include gaseous freons, pesticide residue in the soil, polychlorobiphenyl (often called PCB) and many others. While all of these can be extremely valuable compounds in one aspect, they can also be detrimental in trace quantities where they are not wanted. They are especially difficult to isolate, quantify and remove in trace quantities. Even trace quantities of these materials can pose significant environmental hazards in air, water, and soil.
Detectors which respond to trace amounts of chlorine are also needed in many chemical processes which utilize catalysts. Even trace amounts of chlorine can deteriorate or even destroy catalysts. As an example, in the crude oil refining industry, concentrations of chlorine as low as ten parts per million can essentially destroy or "poison" the catalyst used in refineries which produce gasoline.
Various techniques have been used to measure trace quantities of materials, and in particular, traces of the element chlorine or chlorine compounds in air, water and soil samples.
There are numerous "wet chemistry" techniques known in the art for detecting chlorine. As a group, these techniques are time consuming, relatively expensive, and certainly not suited for on-line, real-time monitoring of trace chlorine content.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,019,517 to Dale M. Coulson discloses a detector system and method for detecting trace gases. The detection system is especially suited for detecting a halogen containing component in a gas stream, and includes a gas chromatograph which is connected by a gas line to a pyrolysis chamber. Sources of additional gas streams are connected by a second gas line to the pyrolysis chamber. The system features a temperature control feedback system which maintains the temperature of the pyrolysis chamber independent of the detector electrodes and at a temperature between about 700 and 1,000 degrees Centigrade (�C.). U.S. Pat. No. 4,440,726 to Dale M. Coulson discloses an electrochemical detector cell which is sensitive to trace elements including chlorine and chlorine compounds. These techniques are usually slow, require apparatus which is relatively expensive to fabricate, operate and maintain. In addition, the apparatus associated with these techniques are relatively large physically, and the actual measurements are compound-specific. Test standards of the EPA are similar to the Coulson process mentioned above.
Other techniques have been used to monitor crude oil for trace amounts of chlorine prior to feeding the crude stock to a refinery. A particular nuclear technique is described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,200,789 and 4,209,695 to Dan M. Arnold, et al wherein thermal neutron capture is used to detect elemental chlorine concentrations as low as 5 parts per million (ppm). The apparatus required to make this measurement is quite large, and is also expensive to fabricate. In addition, the isotopic source of neutrons requires significant radiation control and safety procedures.
An electrolytic conductivity detector (ELCD), known in the art as the Hall detector, has been used to detect very small quantities of compounds containing elements such as sulfur and nitrogen. This technology is taught in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,934,193 and 4,555,383 to R. C. Hall. Hall's teachings of chlorine compound detection is limited to the detection of chlorinated hydrocarbons such as pesticides.
Detection devices consisting of a pulse discharge chamber have been used to detect very small elemental concentrations, including chlorine. This type of detection device is exemplified by the disclosures of U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,153,519 and 5,317,271 to Stanley D. Stearns and Wayne E. Wentworth, both of which are assigned to the assignee of the present disclosure. Selective sample ionization and element-specific photon radiation, both generated by continuous or pulsed spark discharges, are used to determine quantitatively elements and compounds of interest within a sample. As an example, chlorine can be detected by the direct excitation of chlorine which decays by the emission of relatively intense radiation at a characteristic wavelength of approximately 138 nanometers (nm). This emission is resolved from other radiations generated within the pulse discharge chamber by means of a monochromator or other suitable spectrographic device. Since air is not transparent to radiation of wavelength less than approximately 200 nm, the monochromator of other spectrographic devices must be operated under vacuum conditions. Likewise, the "window" within the pulse discharge chamber through which the 138 nm emerges and impinges upon the monochromator must also be transparent to this radiation of interest. Relatively inexpensive quartz can not be used as a window material since it is only transparent to radiation above 200 nm. Instead, generally more expensive materials, such as magnesium fluoride, must be used as the chamber window material.
One objective of the invention is to provide a chromatographic detector system which responds specifically to the element chlorine, or to any compounds containing the element chlorine. A further objective of the invention is to provide a detection system which can detect chlorine in amounts as small as 1 picogram (pg), and which responds linearly to the amount of chlorine within a sample over at least three orders of magnitude. A still further objective of the invention is to provide a system which can measure concentrations of other halogens. A still further goal of the invention is to provide a chlorine specific detection system which is relatively inexpensive to fabricate and maintain, physically compact and rugged, and relatively easy to operate. This objective includes a detection system which utilizes a spectrographic system such as a monochromator which can be operated in air at atmospheric pressure.
The present disclosure sets forth a chlorine specific detection system which meets the foregoing objectives, and which provides additional advantages that will become apparent in the following disclosure. The system can also be used to measure concentrations of other halogens. The system is especially successful in detecting and quantifying chlorine in the form of both volatile organic and inorganic chlorine compounds, as well as chlorine gas. The sample is commingled in a mixture of noble gases. More specifically, a small concentration of krypton (Kr) gas, referred to as a "dopant", is added to the output from a GC, which contains the suspected chlorine sample of interest dispersed in a helium (He) carrier gas. Alternately the Kr dopant can be added to the carrier gas to the GC. The carrier gas is typically "doped" with 1.0% to 5.0% Kr, and preferably with approximately 1.0% Kr. Tests have shown that the concentration of Kr dopant does not affect the quantitative Cl measurement if the concentration exceeds 0.2% threshold level. This aspect will be discussed further in a subsequent section of this disclosure. The mixture of Kr doped helium carrier gas, which also contains the chlorine sample to be detected and quantified, is next passed into a spark discharge chamber in which various components of the gas are ionized and excited with an electrical spark discharge. The spark discharge can be either continuous or pulsed. Specifically, the spark discharge produces He+ and He2 + ions. These He+ and He2 + ions then react with the Kr dopant atoms to produce krypton ions, Kr+, and one or two He. Defining a generic molecule containing chlorine as "RCl" where "R" represents one or more additional elements, the Kr+ ion then reacts with the RCl molecule to form the excited molecule KrCl* and the ion R+. The excited molecule KrCl* decays to the ground state by the emission of characteristic photon radiation in a band centered about a wavelength of 222 nm. Throughout the remainder of this disclosure, the emission of photon radiation will be referred to as an emission at 222 nm, but it should be understood that the emission is encompassed by a narrow band of wavelengths which is centered at 222 nm. This particular reaction is discussed in the publication "Comparison of the Rg+ (2 P1/2)/Cl- /He and Rg+ (2 P3/2)/Cl- /He three-body ionic-recombination reactions for the formation of RgCl*, Rg* and Cl*", Masaharu Tsuji et al, Chem. Phys., 94(6), 4291 (1991).
Assuming that the Kr dopant concentration exceeds the 0.2% threshold, the intensity of the emitted 222 nm photon radiation is proportional to the amount of compound RCl in the sample, and more specifically, proportional to the amount of elemental chlorine contained as sample in the Kr doped, helium carrier gas output from the GC column. The pulse discharge chamber incorporates a window or port which is transparent to photon radiation at 222 nm. Quartz is a suitable window material which meets this transparency requirement for the radiation of interest at 222 nm. If the detection system is used to detect emissions below 200 nm, window material transparent to these emissions, such as magnesium fluoride (MgF2), must be used. Photon radiation emerges from the ionization chamber through the window, and into a monochromator which disperses the photon radiation generated within the ionization chamber. The monochromator therefore provides a means for isolating the 222 nm photon radiation resulting from the decay of excited KrCl from radiation of other wavelengths which might be generated within the pulse discharge chamber. The intensity of 222 nm photon radiation delineated or resolved in the monochromator is then measured with a photomultiplier detection system featuring a photomultiplier tube and associated amplification and power circuitry. The output of the photomultiplier detection system is, therefore, proportional to the amount of chlorine in the gas which is input into the pulse discharge chamber. The photomultiplier detection system output, which is typically an electrical current, can be converted to quantitative measures of sample chlorine content by using a calibration conversion constant. This calibration conversion constant is determined by measuring the output current of the photomultiplier detector system using samples containing known amounts of chlorine, again assuming that the Kr dopant concentration exceeds the previously mentioned 0.2% threshold concentration.
The present detection system offers many advantages over prior art systems. The photon radiation centered about 222 nm from excited KrCl is easily measured using the previously described photomultiplier detection system. Furthermore, air is transparent to the 222 radiation thereby allowing the monochromator used to isolate the photon radiation from chlorine to be operated with air at atmospheric pressure. Furthermore, relatively inexpensive quartz can be used as window material in the pulse discharge chamber. If however, the system is used to detect photon radiations below 200 nm resulting for other emissions, air is no longer transparent to radiations of these wavelengths, therefore, the monochromator must be operated in a vacuum. Previously referenced detectors, which also employ pulse discharge chambers as disclosed U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,153,519 and 5,317,271, can excite elemental chlorine. The emission from excited chlorine occurs at wavelengths ranging from approximately 130 nm and into the UV-visible region. The atomic emission at the low wavelength of approximately 138 nm is intensive, and elemental chlorine concentration can be determined from a measure of this photon radiation. In such a measurement, however, the monochromators required to disperse radiation at this wavelength must be devoid of air, since air absorbs radiation at this wavelength. Commonly, these monochromators are put under vacuum using vacuum pumping in order to eliminate the air. This adds significantly to the cost, size, complexity and operating expense of such a prior art detection system. Furthermore, quartz is not transparent to radiation at this wavelength. Windows for the pulse discharge chamber made of material transparent at 138 nm, such as magnesium fluoride, must be used in the spark discharge chamber. Magnesium fluoride is considerably more expensive to obtain and to fabricate than quartz, thereby further increasing the cost of such an elemental chlorine detector.
Turning again to the present detection system, studies have shown that, for a given Kr dopant level exceeding the threshold concentration of 0.2%, the sensitivity of the device is as low as 1 to 2 pg of chlorine. Studies have further shown that the output of the photomultiplier detection system is linear with sample chlorine content over at least three orders of magnitude. Many chlorine compounds of interest also contain carbon, such as carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). Furthermore, many of the chlorine compounds of interest are found in hydrocarbons, thus much carbon is present, from other sources such as gasoline, in the sample to be analyzed. Carbon will therefore also be excited within the pulse discharge chamber in addition to excited chlorine as KrCl*. Excited atomic carbon emits photon radiation at wavelengths of 193.1 and 247.9 nm. The monochromator and associated photomultiplier detector system can easily resolve the 222 nm radiation of interest from the "interfering" photon radiation from carbon.
To briefly summarize, the present chlorine specific detection system is very sensitive and is a simple system to operate once the various components have been assembled. It utilizes two sources of noble gas (as a carrier gas system) in which the sample gas containing chlorine is dispersed. The primary noble gas is helium which is the carrier gas for a GC column and contains the chlorine compound. The trace or dopant gas is krypton which is added to the mixture of helium carrier and sample gas. This mixture is then input into the pulse discharge chamber. The spark discharge can be either pulsed or continuous. The discharge creates excited KrCl through the reaction sequence previously discussed. Radiation from the decay of excited KrCl is detected with a photomultiplier detection system which utilizes a monochromator operating in air at atmospheric pressure. The output of this detection system is used to determine the concentration of chlorine within the sample. It is emphasized that the detection system responds to the mass of chlorine in the sample independent of the structure of a compound. As an example, CCl4 induces four times the detector response than does CH3 Cl.
While the foregoing summarizes a number of aspects of the present disclosure, the detailed description will set forth the preferred embodiment. That will be understood in conjunction with or in reference to the attached drawings.
So that the manner in which the above recited features, advantages and objects of the present invention are attained and can be understood in detail, more particular description of the invention, briefly summarized above, may be had by reference to be embodiments thereof which are illustrated in the appended drawing.
The single drawing is a schematic block diagram of the detection apparatus of the present disclosure, and sets forth a pulse discharge chamber which has input from a source of an unknown sample, typically a gas chromatographic column, and which exposes a Kr trace gas and He carrier gas to a pulse discharge to thereby create metastable molecules which emit a photon at a particular frequency for quantification of any chlorine which may be present in the sample.
The preferred embodiments of the system will be presented in two sections. The first section will disclose in detail the detection system apparatus and further, the key elements of the detection system apparatus. The second section will present in detail the series of reactions which occur within the pulse discharge chamber which eventually lead to the emission of photon radiation characteristic of the decay of KrCl excitement. The detection of this radiation is, as outlined previously, the means by which the chlorine content of the sample is determined.
Attention is directed to the only view which identifies a test system in block diagram form with the numeral 10. The test system utilizing a pulse discharge chamber 12. The pulse discharge chamber is a device of the sort described, for example, in FIG. 2 of U.S. Pat. No. 5,153,519 and also exemplified in U.S. Pat. No. 5,317,271, both of which are assigned to the assignee of the present disclosure. The pulse discharge chamber utilizes a current pulsing system 14 which provides a spark across a pair of spaced, separated terminals or electrodes (not shown) in the pulse discharge chamber. Pulsed excitation as commonly used by steady state excitation of the gas flow is acceptable.
A mixture of gas is input into the pulse discharge chamber 12. There are several embodiments of the gas input system that will produce acceptable results from the disclosed chlorine detection system. The schematic illustrates helium carrier gas from a reservoir 24 being input into the gas chromatograph (GC) column 16 as a carrier gas. Sample containing the chlorine compound or compounds to be detected and quantified is input into the GC column 16 from a sample source 25. Gas eluted from the GC 16 is then flowed through a mixing valve 28. Krypton dopant gas from the reservoir 26 is also flowed into the mixing valve 28 where it is commingled with the helium carrier gas containing the unknown sample or samples of chlorine. Alternately, the dopant gas can be added to the carrier gas to the GC. It is also possible to buy helium in a large tank, either pure or mixed with trace amounts of other noble gases. If desired, the correct concentration of dopant can be mixed in the helium to reduce valving complexity. Typically, this gas mixture is then flowed into the inlet port 13 of the pulse discharge chamber 12 where it passes between the terminals of the pulse discharge chamber and exposed to a pulse discharge spark. The gas eventually exits the pulse discharge chamber 12 through the exit port 15 thereby giving a net flow of gas through the chamber from right to left as illustrated in the block diagram of the system. The gas which is exposed to the spark is excited. When that occurs, and long after the spark has ended, there remains a number of excited gas molecules as described in detail in the previously referenced U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,153,519 and 5,317,271, the descriptions which are entered herewithin by reference.
As discussed previously, the system produces, through a series of reactions within the pulse discharge chamber 12, photons from the decay of excited KrCl (KrCl*) which are used to identify and to quantify the chlorine in the sample material. The characteristic photon radiation from the decay of KrCl* is a band centered about a wavelength of 222 nm. Details of the reactions occurring within the pulse discharge chamber 12 will be presented in the next section of this disclosure.
The pulse discharge chamber 12 contains an optical window which is transparent to the 222 nm photon radiation emitted in the decay of KrCl excitement. Quartz is a material which meets this requirement. This window is identified by the numeral 11 and is depicted conceptually as being physically located in the side of the pulse discharge chamber 12. It should be understood that the optical window can be placed at a variety of locations in the pulse discharge chamber. As an example, in the previously referenced U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,153,519 and 5,317,271, it is disclosed that the optical window can even be located at the input orifice 13 of the pulse discharge chamber 12, or at any other position on the chamber where photon emission within the chamber 12 can be "viewed".
A monochromator 18 is positioned near the optical window 11 to receive photon emissions from the chamber. Air at atmospheric pressure is transparent to the 222 nm radiation from chlorine. The monochromator can, therefore, be operated in air at atmospheric pressure, and does not require the vacuum operation or controlled gas environment operation of prior art devices. The monochromator can be of the prism type wherein the angle of the prism is adjusted with respect to the incident photon radiation to resolve radiation of a specific energy which, in the chlorine detection system, is 222 nm. The 222 nm radiation exits the monochromator 18 and then impinges upon a photomultiplier tube (PMT) 20 which converts the photon signal to a corresponding electrical signal in a manner well known in the art. High voltage and B+ power supplies are shown conceptually as a power supply element 29. The current output from the PMT 20 is then amplified by means of the amplifier circuit 30 and subsequently recorded by the recorder 22. The intensity of the recorded current is proportional to the chlorine content within the pulse discharge chamber 12. By measuring the current using samples of known chlorine content, the current calibration constant for the photomultiplier detection system can be determined thereby allowing the measured current to be converted to corresponding absolute measures of chlorine in the sample.
Alternate means can be used to resolve the characteristic 222 nm photon radiation resulting from the KrCl excitement. In one alternate embodiment, the monochromator 18 contains a grating which is adjusted to pass only the characteristic KrCl radiation. This radiation is again detected by the PMT 20 and processed by the photomultiplier detection system as described previously. In a second alternate embodiment, the monochromator is replaced with an interference filter (not shown) which is again set to pass a band of photon radiation centered at 222 nm with a band width of, perhaps, +/-5 nm. Again the PMT detects the passed photon radiation and the photomultiplier detection system converts this signal to a corresponding optical signal in a manner previously discussed.
If the detection system is embodied such that additional photon radiation below approximately 200 nm is detected, then quartz is no longer transparent to the emitted radiation. Magnesium fluoride (MgF2) is a suitable window material which is transparent to radiation below 200 nm. Likewise, the monochromator can no longer be operated in air at atmospheric pressure since air is not transparent to photon radiation below approximately 200 nm. The monochromator or any alternate spectrographic system must be operated under vacuum conditions.
Attention is now directed toward reactions which occur within the pulse discharge chamber and which eventually lead to the emission of radiation characteristic of the decay of excited KrCl to the ground state.
Krypton doped helium carrier gas passed through the electrical pulse discharge or spark produces Kr+ by means of the reaction
He2 + +Kr=Kr+ +2He (1)
A generic chlorine compound will be designated as "RCl" where "R" represents one or more elements forming the chlorine molecule. As an example, "R" would represent CH3 in CH3 Cl. The Kr+ ions then react with any chlorine compound, RCl, within the chamber yielding KrCl* through the reaction
Kr+ +RCl=KrCl*+R+. (2)
The excited molecule KrCl* then decays yielding
KrCl*→KrCl+hν222 (3)
where hν222 represents a narrow band of photon radiation centered about a wavelength of 222 nm.
Attention is again directed to the Kr dopant gas, and more specifically to the concentration of Kr required in the carrier gas to eventually yield the reaction of equation (3) wherein the intensity of hν222 is truly a linear function of the concentration of RCl. For a given concentration of RCl, it has been found that hν222 increases linearly with Kr concentration up to a Kr concentration of approximately 0.2%. Above 0.2%, the concentration of Kr is sufficient to deplete the He2 + of equation (1) and therefore the intensity of hν222 ceases to be a function of increased Kr concentration. The desired concentration of dopant is greater than 0.2%, but perhaps less than 1.0% to minimize the operating cost of supplying Kr. Stated another way, if the Kr dopant concentration is above 0.2%, the yield of 222 nm photon radiation will be independent of the Kr concentration and vary only with the concentration of RCl, as desired. An oversupply of krypton above the threshold 0.2% level does not, however, seem to handicap the operation of the system.
Sensitivity of the chlorine detection device has been measured and has been found to be approximately 1 to 2 picograms of chlorine. The reason for this exceptionally high sensitivity apparently arises from the inherent high rate constant for an ion-molecule reaction such as the one depicted in equation (2). Furthermore, at concentrations of Kr dopant above the "saturation" level of 0.2%, the response of the system to concentrations of Cl has been found to be linear over at least three orders of magnitude which allows the previously discussed calibration constant, for converting output current from the photomultiplier detection system to absolute chlorine content, to be a simple multiplicative constant.
The reactions of equations (1) through (3) are certainly not representative of all of the reactions that can, and do, occur within the pulse discharge chamber 12. Many general classes of reactions that can occur have been tabulated in the previously referenced U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,153,519 and 5,317,271.
Attention will be directed to another reaction which has practical and commercial bearing on the operation of the chlorine detection system. Many chlorine compounds of interest also contain carbon, such as carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). Furthermore, many of the chlorine compounds of interest are found in hydrocarbons, thus carbon is present, from other sources such as gasoline, in the sample to be analyzed. Carbon will therefore also be excited within the pulse discharge chamber 12, in addition to excited chlorine as KrCl*. Excited atomic carbon emits photon radiation at wavelengths of 193.1 and 247.9 nm. The monochromator 18 and associated photomultiplier detector system can easily resolve the 222 nm radiation of interest form the "interfering" photon radiation from carbon. It should be noted that emission from C2 * does fall very close the 222 nm wavelength and poses a potential interference to the chlorine emission. At low concentrations, however, C2 * emission should be weak since C2 * is formed by a second order reaction of carbon.
The response of chlorine to krypton initiated excitation is observed at 222 nanometers. The table below lists the response of both chlorine and fluorine to three noble gases (dopants) in the helium carrier gas. Each response is an observed emission wavelength in nanometers:
TABLE I______________________________________ argon krypton xenon______________________________________fluorine 193 248 308chlorine 174 222 308______________________________________
The intensity for these responses is:
TABLE II______________________________________argon krypton xenon______________________________________fluorine moderate moderate strongchlorine moderate strong strong______________________________________
In addition, xenon dopant reacts with fluorine to yield a moderate response at 351 nm.
In the tabled data, xenon is not able to discriminate between the two halogens so it is less desirable.
The foregoing wavelength data shows that argon responses are below 200 nm in wavelength, and therefore are in a range at which air absorption is more likely to handicap intensity measurement. The tabled data therefore suggests preferred use of krypton provided sharp discrimination of the fluorine and chlorine emissions is implemented to separate signals at 222 and 248 nm. As a generalization, the krypton is the preferred dopant.
To briefly summarize, the present chlorine specific detection system is a simple system to operate once the various components have been assembled. It utilizes two sources of gas in which the sample gas containing chlorine is dispersed. The primary noble gas is helium which is the carrier gas from a GC column and contains the chlorine compound. The trace or dopant gas is krypton which is added to the mixture of helium carrier and sample gas. This mixture is then input into the pulse discharge chamber. The discharge creates excited KrCl through the reaction sequence previously discussed. Radiation from the decay of excited KrCl is detected with a photomultiplier and monochromator detection system which can be operated in air at atmospheric pressure, and the output of this system is used to determine the concentration of chlorine within the sample.
The system has been found to be extremely sensitive to chlorine, and that the response of the system is linear with sample chlorine content over at least three orders of magnitude. Furthermore, photon radiation from most common "interfering" reactions that can occur within the pulse discharge chamber can be resolved from the desired radiation from the decay of excited KrCl using a monochromator, or alternately, by using a grating or an interference filter.
It has been found that the system can also be used to measure concentrations of other halogens. These concentrations are detected in the same methodology as is used to measure chlorine concentration, namely, by measuring radiation characteristic of the decay of a particular halogen compound. It has also been found that noble gases other than Kr can be used as a dopant.
While the foregoing is directed to the preferred embodiment, the scope thereof is determined by the claims which follow.
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PITTSBURGH The former president of a Virginia scrapyard chain now owned by Gerdau Long Steel North America has postponed his plans to proceed with a new scrap and salvage yard.
Jay Brenners company, Roanoke, Va.-based Green Gearheads Inc., has temporarily shelved plans to obtain a special exception to open a yard in Salem, Va. The company, which plans to recycle nonferrous metals, light steel and paper, was formed in November, according to state records (amm.com, Jan. 31).
Brenner is the former president of Roanoke-based Cycle Systems Inc., now owned by Tampa, Fla.-based Gerdau.
The matter was on the agenda for an April 14 council meeting, but Brenner asked that the situation be continued for at least six months, according to the city.
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Every month American Metal Market takes a statistical look inside the marketplace.
We actually don't know who his investors are. At the point when we are ready, we will investigate further. There are just so many things to handle and there are a lot of items to be considered with the project."
-- Charles C. Mitchell, Barstow city manager

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Your opinion is valuable, your advice even more precious. So, save it. Keep it for yourself. Odds are, you need it more than I do. So, please don't give that sh*t away, certainly not without even being asked, lest you be perceived as promiscuous.
Big and beautiful women play important roles in the sex life of the American experience. Their toughness to endure what our society throws in their direction forces them to either be resilient or get crushed under prejudice. Their womanhood isn't predicated on size, but on heart.
How do you know if losing the romantic connection is a normal and real practical part of your marriage, or if it's something that needs to change? Here are a few signs that you may want to mix up your routine so it doesn't take a negative toll on your relationship.
I'll get all set and all comfy... and then that bright, glaring sunshine busts through the curtains, makes its way across the floor and lands squarely on my conscience, convincing me that I'm lazy for not basking in it.
We can certainly influence others with our love, peace and joy, but even that does not give us control. A major part of inner healing is learning to accept our lack of control over others' intent to learn or protect.
We all have friends, colleagues, loved ones and family members, but only a select few will affect us so profoundly on our life's journey. Here are seven signs that someone if truly a part of your soul group...
Here are a few things I have observed over the last 20 years that you might consider before you say, 'I do,' to help you stay the hell out of my office. I suggest you give the following some thought before you wander blissfully down the aisle in your $15,000 wedding dress.
We do not have to rid ourselves of our fear of intimacy before we can have deeper love. It's the practice of intimacy that gets us past our fear of intimacy.
It's said you can't kid a kidder. But you'd also have to reach a pretty high bar to fool a couples counselor. We've pretty much seen it all. Fortunately for us, we don't have to reinvent the therapy wheel every time we meet a new couple.
The main mistake that I see people make is to plan their kitchen around the edges and forgetting to use "the middle." Putting everything around the walls is usually not the most efficient use of space.
Maybe it was being a business owner, who worked from home like a crazy person and didn't have that face-to-face interaction every day with people, with actual adult conversation that made me less confident.
There's no way to escape it or avoid it. I don't even have the option of joining a hippie commune like I could if I was tired of capitalism, greed and processed foods.
Unconditional love only happens between parent and child -- not spouses. Ok, I know this hurts. We want to believe in soul mates, true partners and the belief that regardless of what either of you do, love will prevail.
A lack of importance on your health and relationships now, may mean a lack of health and relationships when they're most important. Decide what matters, plan your perfect life, and start living it!
Isn't your marriage more important than the wedding? Now would be a fantastic time to keep a firm hold on perspective. Make sure that appreciation of the memory is mutual by reaching agreement about your marriage ceremony in general.
Through my work with teenagers, I've realized just how much the parent-child relationship affects the child's development, both emotionally and mentally. No surprises there. The stronger the relationship, the better the chances of the child becoming a well-adjusted, successful adult.


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Pokémon Omega Ruby and Alpha Sapphire have arrived!
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You can get the drives in BW2, too. LordSchmee (talk) 21:28, 30 October 2012 (UTC)


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Related Searches: vintage school books, vintage barbie books, vintage knitting books, vintage comic book
148 Results for Vintage Snowmobile Books - For Sale Classifieds
Vintage Polaris Collectors are going to love this 1985 Recreational Engineering Parts Catalog. RecEngineering was the Polaris outlet for tens of thousands of new old stock Polaris parts. You'll be shocked at what was1 month ago on ebay.com
Here's good used, original 1971 LYNX PARTS BOOK. Also covers the 292 Kawasaki, 295 JLO, 303 Wankel, 340 Hirth and 440 JLO installs. 20 pages. This is one of the more popular Vintage Cats made.1 month ago on ebay.com
Here is a used 1975 PANTERA ILLUSTRATED PARTS BOOK. About 20 pages. Covers the 340 and 440 engines also. Dirty cover, but the rest is very clean. These parts books are a great help to the vintage Cat Collector.1 month ago on ebay.com
Here we have up for bids in very good used condition( with minor soiling from use ) a 1977 SCORPION SNOWMOBILE WHIP PARTS BOOK . 40++ PAGES. Very hard to find in this type quality!! Great reference book but also a1 month ago on ebay.com
Here we have up for bids in used condition ( with minor soiling from use ) a 1977 SCORPION SNOWMOBILE WHIP PARTS BOOK . 40++ PAGES. Very hard to find in this type quality!! Great reference book but also a SCORPION1 month ago on ebay.com
Up for auction is a hard-to-find copy of a book entitled Trans-World Snowmobile Expedition: The Greatest Snowmobile Adventure of All Time! By Bill Cooper, Larry Dahlberg, and George Hudson. The story of "Wild" Bill1 month ago on ebay.com
Vintage Arctic Cat snowmobile decal,patch & match book of Pound Wisconsin dealer ... the two partch are in used condition. ***FREE SHIPPING !!! WITHIN USA & CANADA1 month ago on ebay.com
Winning bidder gets this 1972 Polaris Snowmobile Parts book.A cleanly made copy.Auction/S/H costs are 4.00.1 month ago on ebay.com
Here is a factory ARCTIC CAT SNOWMOBILE SERVICE MANUAL for the 74-75 PANTHER snowmobiles. This is an amazing manual for the vintage Cat collector. Huge Kawasaki engine service sections and the complete parts books are1 month ago on ebay.com
2 Vintage Novelty Snowmobile Patches"Race Director" "I'd Rather be Snowmobiling" 3 1/8" by 3 1/8" Square Swiss EmbroideredLake Star - Chicago IllinoisClean and Undamaged In original sealed packaging Check our other1 month ago on ebay.com
This is a GREAT Vintage 1980's YAMAHA Snowmobile JACKET I beliveve it is for (matches) the SRV540 or Phazer480 sleds Men's Size Small Regular USA Shipping $FREE I will combine shipping I will ship World-Wide...ask for a1 month ago on ebay.com
This auction is for a NEW Kimpex brand snowmobile piston. This is new, in the box, the part number on the box is K09 670-1. This is a 2 ring piston, .010 oversize. I looked this up in my old parts book and found that1 month ago on ebay.com
This is a Nice Condition, Vintage Winter 1994 SUPER TRAX, Snowmobiling MAGAZINE. USA Shipping $4.99 I will ship World-Wide...ask for a quote...thanks Yes, I combine Shipping Costs... year book booklet handbook hand race1 month ago on ebay.com
This auction is for a vintage Kohler rewind or recoil spring. This is a Sno-Stuff brand spring, part number on the spring is 300-645 and replaces Kohler part number 33-089-04. This spring has the loop on the inside end1 month ago on ebay.com
Here we have up for bids a mint N.O.S. 1975 SCORPION BRUT SNOWMOBILE PARTS MANUAL. 36++ PAGES. Very hard to find in this type quality!! Great reference book but also a SCORPION & BRUT COLLECTIBLE! Collector quality1 month ago on ebay.com


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Oct. 30 (Bloomberg) -- Chris Rupkey, chief financial economist at Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ, talks about consumer price index data and the ADP national employment report released today.
The consumer price index increased 0.2 percent in September, after rising 0.1 percent the prior month, Labor Department data showed in Washington. ADP reported a 130,000 increase in October employment which is weaker than initially estimated, according to the ADP Research Institute in Roseland, New Jersey. (Source: Bloomberg)
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Hello Hello,
This is my first post here and I was wondering if i could get a little help from everyone.
I am looking to buy a conceal carry gun and have narrowed it down to 2 choices i think fit me best, HK P2000SK, Walther PPS.
I have previously owned,
Ruger p94 (jammed very often and very bulky for carry, sold it),
Sig Pro 2340 (reliable but large for carry also, sold it),
Glock 22 (glocks feel awkward in my hands,, full size, sold it),
SA XD Sub 9mm (reliable, but very thick, and hard to manipulate as a lefty, sold it),
Kahr PM9 (jammed all the time, stoves every magazine, but very thin, small, sold it fast).
HK USP45c (amazing amazing gun, never jammed, accurate, just a bit large for me, was stolen),
So I am looking to buy my first gun that i have owned in nearly 3 years since my HK was stolen.Thickness and reliability are my two main concerns. The P2000sk and the Walther PPS; i was wondering if anyone had any comparisons of quality and reliability between the two. Also Does anyone have a picture of a PPS P2000sk and a Walther PPS from the top to compare widths?
This is a huge purchase for me, to get me back into self defense pistols, and while i only have the money to buy one, i am appealing to you all; the experts.


text:
BioSteel goes mass
New spokesperson Connor McDavid helps the "pink juice" connect with health-minded athletes for its first TV spot.
Growing local content in Quebec
As part of a pilot program, Metro is creating branded videos that put regional, family-owned food producers front and centre.
Kraft adds another shop to its roster
Though the CPG hasn't done much masterbrand work in Canada in the past, following an agency shuffle in the U.S., it adds Mcgarrybowen to its roster to lead company-wide marcom.
ConAgra appoints new VP general manager
The food co has done away with the president role, naming Ian Roberts to lead the company in a bid to grow internationally.
Coffee Crisp's survival guide
Strategy looks back at how the chocolate bar fought fierce competition to become a Canadian icon in 75 short years.
Is that a giant talking Sugar Crisp box?
Why, yes it is. And it's meant to get millennials in the mood to buy cereal after doing prize challenges, like singing its jingle or breakdancing.
What keeps Christine Kalvenes up at night?
Just six months into the role, the new CMO of PepsiCo Foods looks at the hurdles to innovation, fear of missed opportunities, drowning in data, and what the CPG is doing about it.
Villaggio courts the bread lovers
The Dempster's line has a new brand platform targeting those with no inhibitions about bread.
Furniture and frights
Get inspired by the brands playing dress up, just in time for Halloween.
What keeps Caroline Losson up at night?
The VP of marketing at Natrel chats about the struggle with bilingualism, keeping millennials engaged and why numbers mean nothing.
Kraft dips into the plush toy space
First KD "Funderpants," now cuddly bears. Consumers can buy the Kraft Peanut Butter teddy bears, should they be inclined.
Campbell Canada names new VP marketing
Moya Brown assumes the role, leading the company's marketing operation across all brands.


text:
Articles By Drew Millard
Flo Rida Is Boring. Flo Rida Is Perfect.
Reaching enlightenment through an extremely awkward conversation with Flo Rida. Full Story
Theophilus London Gives Interview of a Lifetime, Shares "Tribe" Remix
"My label was just hyped about Kanye West being the Executive Producer of 'Vibes,' and that's why they wanted to put the album out." Full Story
Listen to a Previously Unheard Live Version of The Velvet Underground's "What Goes On"
If you had a time machine would you go back in time and kill Hitler? No. You would go back and watch The Velvet Underground perform live. Full Story
Listen to Kitty's New EP 'Frostbite'
The rapper shows her new, electronic direction. Full Story
Why Is Wiley Not the Biggest Rapper in the World?
Wiley is the British Nas: an eccentric, stubborn genius who seems haunted by his inability to cross over, and maybe, just maybe, the greatest to ever do it. Full Story
Listen to Lil Boosie's "On that Level," the First Song from His Upcoming Album 'Touched Down to Cause Hell'
Boosie Bad Azz comes with another rock-solid jam. Full Story
Shingy, AOL's Crazy-Haired "Digital Prophet," Is Also a Mediocre Singer-Songwriter
Thank you, Shingy, for hours of entertainment. Full Story
Live, Tink Works to Find Her Voice
The promising Chicago rapper takes the stage in Brooklyn. Full Story
Eminem feat. Danny Brown, DeJ Loaf, Big Sean, and Royce da 5'9": "Detroit Vs. Everybody"
When Eminem calls you for a feature, you bring your A-Game. Full Story
What We Talk About When We Talk About Migos Being Better Than The Beatles
Why all content is good content. Full Story


text:
|There is no limit to stupidity. Space itself is said to be bounded by its own curvature, but stupidity continues beyond infinity.
– Gene Wolfe
|There is no little enemy.
– Benjamin Franklin
|There is no living with thee, nor without thee.
– Martial
|There is no logical answer to the question ' Why be moral'. Religions provide practical answers to the question.
– B. J. Gupta
|There is no longer a way out of our present situation except by forging a road toward our objective, violently and by force, over a sea of blood and under a horizon blazing with fire.
– Gamal Abdel Nasser
|There is no love lost between us.
– Miguel de Cervantes
|There is no love sincerer than the love of food.
– George Bernard Shaw
|There is no love without forgiveness, and there is no forgiveness without love.
– Bryant McGill
|There is no man living that cannot do more than he thinks he can!
– Henry Ford
|There is no man living who isn't capable of doing more than he thinks he can do.
– Henry Ford
|There is no meaning to life except the meaning man gives his life by unfolding of his powers.
– Erich Fromm
|There is no meaning to life except the meaning man gives to his life by the unfolding of his powers.
– Erich Fromm
|There is no means of proving it is preferable to be than not to be.
– Emil Cioran
|There is no medicine to cure hatred.
– Publilius Syrus
|There is no mercy in trading life for life. And certainly no righteousness. Mercy, once given, cannot be taken back.
– Janet Morris
|There is no mistaking a real book when one meets it. It is like falling in love.
– Christopher Morley
|There is no money in poetry, but then there is no poetry in money either.
– Robert Graves
|There is no monument dedicated to the memory of a committee.
– Lester J. Pourciau
|There is no moonlight in the Moon. It is same for the fame! Celebrity shines only from the distance!
– Mehmet Murat ildan
|There is no moral authority like that of sacrifice.
– Nadine Gordimer
|There is no moral middle ground. Indifference is not an option. ... For the sake of our children, I implore each of you to be unyielding and inflexible in your opposition to drugs.
– Oliver L. North
|There is no moral precept that does not have something inconvenient about it.
– Denis Diderot
|There is no more difficult art to acquire than the art of observation, and for some men it is quite as difficult to record an observation in brief and plain language.
– William Osler
|There is no more fatal blunderer than he who consumes the greater part of his life getting his living. - from Live Without Principle
– Henry David Thoreau
|There is no more lovely, friendly, and charming relationship, communion, or company than a good marriage.
– David Ben-Gurion


text:
Can anyone make any connections?
John V. Chesson - Antigonish, NS b. abt 1860 in either Canada or Ireland. Died 1920 Melrose, MA. Spelling of last name could be Chiasson.
Married Sarah Jane Walsh who was born September 15, 1864 in Antigonish (Died 1928) They moved to Melrose, MA and had 5 daughters Josephine, Sadie, Mary (Molly), Stella (Barbara) and Helen. Josephine married William Joseph Mullen and moved to NH.
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Bee pollen has been used for centuries in treating many health related problems. It is considered a complete way of treating the symptoms of many disorders and even disease. It's considered to be an effective treatment for arthritis, the condition in which the joints are inflamed. It's symptoms involve pain and stiffness upon movement.
How Does Bee Pollen Work in Treating Arthritis?
In consuming bee pollen every day, our body is nourished with antibiotic, antihistamine and antioxidants. One of the noted benefits of bee pollen is delaying the process of aging. The truth is the older we get the higher chance in the development of arthritis and most older people do experience some degree of it. There are many types of arthritis and it may be due to autoimmune diseases, a wear and tear on the joints, a broken bone or infection caused by certain bacterias and viruses.
Each type of arthritis is different from each other. The most common symptom for most is pain. It's important for us to understand and learn how to get some relief from this type of pain. Those who take proper supplementation daily suffer pain to a lesser degree. The affected part of the body are the joints between the bones.
Our bones need calcium and bee pollen is a good source of it. When the bones are weak more serious problems arise. It is the cartilage that suffers from this condition. Through nourishing by bee pollen that cartilage will be properly lubricated. As arthritis is treated with bee pollen weight problems are corrected on the other hand. Being overweight is one of the main causes of arthritis. People who suffer from arthritis need to control their weight and bee pollen is a good solution to this problem as well for it helps to suppress food cravings.
Early correction of weight problems can avoid and prevent having such symptoms. If this condition is already present, losing weight can lessen the pain. To help you better understand why, let me explain a little further:
Having excess weight can put stress on your joints, therefor giving you more pain simply by being heavier. Patients who are suffering from arthritis find difficulty in moving. Bee pollen can can be a good source of energy for movement. It is a natural supplement that help with the pain associated with arthritis and other health problems.
Bee Pollen is a wonderful supplement, but like any great supplement out there one must ensure that the correct dosage is take. Discover here for information on dosage bee pollen intake.
If you are serious about getting a bee pollen supplement you should know the facts behind how to find the highest quality products on the market. The best bee pollen products came from New Zealand. To learn the facts and more benefits of bee pollen click here.


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The Time Out New York blog
Your up-to-the-minute guide to New York City events, restaurants, bars, nightlife, ticket alerts and NYC ephemera
Get Slim Shady-inspired scoops tonight at Mikey Likes It Ice Cream
Mon Nov 24 We've heard of some pretty strange influences for ice cream, including Ben & Jerry's SNL sketch pints, but Mikey Likes It Ice Cream has taken it even farther
See highlights from Death By Audio's final run of shows
Mon Nov 24 As we've previously mentioned, local institution Death By Audio closed its doors for good this past Saturday
21 awesome things happening in New York this week
Mon Nov 24 There are plenty of things to keep you busy through Thanksgiving.
Party for a good cause at our World AIDS Day concert
Fri Nov 21 On December 2, Time Out New York and Verboten are teaming up to bring you an exclusive chance to see international DJ duo Audiofly
"Sunshine Noir" at BAM lures with bright evil
Fi Nov 21 The template for a proper film noir calls for shadowy offices, a hard-bitten detective, a sultry femme fatale and the meanest of streets
Three holiday markets and pop-ups you can't miss this weekend
Fri Nov 21 The Bank of America Winter Village, LIC Flea and Food and Artists & Fleas markets are already generating crowds. But this weekend, more holiday bazaars are open for biz
Word on the Street: 13 crazy things we overheard in NYC this week
Fri Nov 21 We eavesdrop on Gothamites on the street and on the subway, in bars and in stores, and everywhere in between, to bring you the most ridiculous chatter
Times Square's costumed characters speak out against proposed regulations
Fri Nov 21 Local government can really bring 'toons together
Dunk your doughnut in coffee at the car wash
Fri Nov 21 In New York, you can drink cocktails above a Five Guys Burgers, eat Momofuku Milk Bar ice cream while shopping at Band of Outsiders and sip java in the basement of midtown office buildings
Where to eat for cheap while Black Friday shopping
Fri Nov 21 When you're plowing down your fellow good-deal-getters to check off that long and winding gift list, you're going to need some fire power
Brace yourself: A and C tunnel between Brooklyn and Manhattan will be closed for 40 weekends next year
Fri Nov 21 If you regularly take the A or C subway lines between Brooklyn and Manhattan, we have some good news and bad news
14 super-cool things to do this weekend
Fri Nov 21 The Hunger Games: Mockingjay—Part I, Big Freedia, Cranksgiving and more
Donate your winter clothes at these NYC stores—and get a reward
Thu Nov 20 That warm and fuzzy feeling you get from doing a good deed should be enough, but these NYC stores offer other perks (in the form of discounts) for your kindness
Watch music videos from our free party with Sofar Sounds
Thu Nov 20 Sofar Sounds has released videos of each artist who played at our free party last month
Ticket alert! Just-announced NYC concerts you don't want to miss
Thu Nov 20 Featuring Hozier, the Decemberists, Foo Fighters and more!
R.I.P. Mike Nichols (1931–2014)
Thu Nov 20 This morning brings us the sad news of the death of Mike Nichols, superlative director of stage, screen and television, and a profoundly important shaper of modern drama
Celebrate the Verrazano's 50th anniversary with Gay Talese
Thu Nov 20 The legendary New York author literally wrote on the book on the Brooklyn–Staten Island suspension bridge
SNL's Cecily Strong will headline the White House Correspondents' Dinner
Thu Nov 20 Having shown her chops for topical comedy behind the Weekend Update desk at Saturday Night Live, Cecily Strong has been announced as the host of next year's White House Correspondents' dinner
Hold the phone; The Whitney announces its official opening
Thu Nov 20 This just in: The Whitney has announced that it's opening date at its new Renzo-Piano-designed home
Taste New York's most creative potato pancakes at this year's Latke Festival
Wed Nov 19 It's that time of year again—NYC's top potato pushers will vie for the best-in-latke honor at this sixth annual spud-centric throwdown, held on Monday, Dec 15
Get in touch
Dana Varinsky, Editor
Twitter: @dgvarins
Email: dana.varinsky at timeout.com
Will Pulos, Assistant Editor
Twitter: @willpulos
Email: will.pulos at timeout.com


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T-Pain Asks: Like My Tattoo?by Hilton Hater at . Comments
You're off the hook, Gucci Mane. You no longer possess the most ridiculous tattoo in the history of mankind.
Incredibly, T-Pain has topped that rapper face-scarring ice cream cone by getting a permanent reminder of Facebook on his body. We wish we were making this up, but the artist recently returned from Hawaii with the following tattoo.
Tweeted T-Pain: I get a tatt every time I come to Hawaii. I think ones pretty sweet, unless facebook shuts down.
Right. That's the only thing that would not make it sweet, dude.
nice bet, since facebook is now one of the biggest company on the web
Barf. More like shows mankinds deplorable addiction to foolish time wasting distractions which have become associated with "technological progress". Deeper meaning...yeah ok. Go get NOOB tattooed across your forhead.
"dislike" button
I think that is cool..I love it!! Writer how does that top the ice cream cone? Bad writeup especially when the tattoo is actually cool. This just made me a fan of tpain
I am not a fan of tattoos but if I were, I damn sure would not put that on my body!! But for him, it's cute and it is his arm!!
That's a great tattoo! It has a wonderful msg. The dude don't give a fuck if you like him or not, that is the point. He don't let other people's opinion of him shape him. I think everyone needs to take a lesson from this guy. Don't let other people's view bring you down. Sorry you're to shallow and bent on "coolness" to see the true deeper meaning of this nice tattoo. Another thing is that this tat is modern too. FB is now a cornerstone of the internet, just like google, there are more and more "like" buttons across the net. Why not send out a self confident positive msg using the FB "like" button. A symbol of mankind's technological evolution. Shame on you people for being shallow dumbasses that miss the deeper meaning of things, but then again that is appropiate because look what magazine you are. lol.
at least it's original.
All of yall are stupid that shit looks sooo stupid.I swear if your gonna put a stupid tat on you at least put if where no one can see it.
I actually like it.....it just so the FUCKIN HATERS can back off!!!!!!!!
I luv it!!


text:
Match Picks of the Week
Selected games to watch from British Columbia's
top senior men's and women's amateur leagues.
Please check league schedules for late changes.
Friday November 28
VMSL: West Van FC vs Croatia SC
7:00pm Ambleside Park
Two of the top teams in the VMSL's Premier Division will face off with 3 very important points on the line.
LIWSA: Castaways FC vs Saanich Fusion FC
8:00pm PISE Turf, Camosun College, Saanich
VISL: Saanich Fusion FC vs Bays United Liquor Plus
8:00pm Tyndall Park, Saanich
sunday november 30
MWSL: Victoria Highlanders vs Coastal FC
2:00pm University of Victoria -field #3
FVSL: Abbotsford United vs North Delta Lions
6:00pm Abbotsford Secondary Turf
Support Our Home Teams
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Youth Leagues - Boys
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International Tournaments
This Day in Football History
26 November 1979
For the first time post-match dope-testing was used when four players were checked after the Swindon Town v Brentford F.A. Cup tie.
(Association of Football Statisticians]
wednesday, november 26, 2014
MLS suspends Whitecaps midfielder Sebastian Fernandez
four games
Major League Soccer has suspended Vancouver midfielder Sebastian Fernandez four games and fined him an undisclosed amount for a post-match incident following the Whitecaps' Oct. 29 playoff loss to FC Dallas. Yahoo!
Manneh, Salgado graduate from Major League Soccer's
Generation adidas program
Vancouver Whitecaps FC confirmed today that Kekuta Manneh and Omar Salgado have graduated from the Generation adidas program, meaning their salaries will begin to count against the club's salary budget. As a result, Manneh and Salgado will be eligible for selection in next month's MLS Expansion Draft unless they are one of the 11 protected played. Whitecaps FC
Toronto FC's disappointment at missing playoffs masks
record progress in 2014, says Jonathan Osorio
There is a truth about Toronto FC's 2014 season that might have been overlooked at year's end. Despite missing the playoffs yet again in the club's eighth season, Toronto FC enjoyed their strongest year yet in MLS, picking up club-best numbers in wins (11), points (41) and goals (44). MLS
Seattle's odd couple
Obafemi Martins rolled the ball with the teeth of his boot, ready to spring at the edge of the penalty area. Clint Dempsey flew around him on the right. But the Nigerian's flick went one way and Dempsey, the other. For once, Seattle Sounders' strikers were not on the same page. The attack broke down. FIFA
For Canada Only: Watch Seattle Sounders vs LA Galaxy live on
MLSsoccer.com this Sunday
There may be no Canadian teams among the MLS final four this year, but MLS fans in Canada still won't have any excuse to miss the MLS Cup Playoff Conference Championship second legs this weekend. First, Saturday's New England Revolution vs. New York Red Bulls match will be broadcast live on TSN2 and RDS2 in Canada (3 pm ET, NBCSN and UDN in the USA).
More Thoughts on the Role of Self Assessment in Coaching Development
Following on from my previous blog, I would like to expand a little on the development of a coach and some of the attributes, behaviours and competencies that I believe we all display on our journey. The View Frpm The West Coast
youth soccer
Mid-Isle club producing top players
The Ladysmith-based Mid-Isle Soccer Club is moving more players than every to play at a higher level. Club vice-president Mike Rankin confirmed that 25 players who had previously played at house level with Mid-Isle are now playing for Upper Island Storm in the Vancouver Island Premier League this season. VIPL is the highest level for youth soccer on the island. Nanaimo Daily News
the local game
FC holds heavily-favoured West Van FC to a 2-2 draw
All 6 VMSL Premier Division matches were played this past weekend, with only one 'semi-upset' taking place as the underdog Inter FC held the heavily-favoured West Van FC to a 2-2 draw. As a result of West Van's tie—and ICST Pegasus' 3-0 victory over the Vancouver Olympics—the gap between the two top teams grew to 4 points.
Highlanders' MWSL Squad Improving
Looking to get back in the win column, the Metro Women's Soccer League team improved on their previous match result but came up just short with a 3-2 defeat against Coastal FC, Sunday, Nov. 23 at South Surrey Athletic Field 3.
Highlanders' LIWSL squad continues to improve in weekend
victory over Fusion
The Highlanders' Lower Island Women's Soccer League team played host to Saanich Fusion, Saturday, Nov. 22 at Lochside Turf, earning a 3-0 victory.
team canada
Canada's goalkeepers reflect on McLeod's 100th
As a member of the group of players that burst into the national consciousness at the FIFA U-19 Women's World Cup Canada 2002, goalkeeper Erin McLeod was one of the prominent members of the team as she backstopped the Canadians all the way to the final. Canada Soccer
fifa women's world cup canada 2015
Canada ready to welcome the world: Official Draw on 6 December
There has been a lot for football fans to enjoy this year, with the 2014 FIFA World Cup Brazil™ providing the high point. And 2015 will be no different, a year in which the FIFA Women's World Cup Canada 2015™ will take centre stage. The countdown to the premier competition in women's football will begin on 6 December, when the city of Ottawa hosts the Final Draw. Canada Soccer
world football
FIFA's Jerome Valcke says it will take years to rebuild
reputation after scandals
FIFA Secretary General Jerome Valcke acknowledged Tuesday that it will take "years to rebuild our reputation" following the World Cup bidding corruption investigation. But Valcke insisted that Sony and Emirates airline are not ending their FIFA sponsorships to protest against allegations of bribery and favour-seeking that have engulfed world football in the four years since Russia was awarded the 2018 World Cup and Qatar was voted the 2022 hosts. Canada.com
British executive Whelan risks jail if he returns to
Brazil to face World Cup scalping charges
A British executive charged in an alleged World Cup ticket-scalping scheme could be sent back to jail if he returns to Brazil. Ray Whelan, an executive of Match Services — the hospitality and ticketing partner of football's world governing body FIFA — was arrested on July 14. That was the day after Germany defeated Argentina 1-0 in the World Cup final. WFP
Lionel Messi smashes Champions League goal record
Barcelona's Lionel Messi scored a hat trick to shatter the Champions League goalscoring record by taking his tally in the competition to 74 in a 4-0 win over APOEL on Tuesday. The previous record of 71 had been set by former Real Madrid and Schalke striker Raul over the course of 142 matches. CBC
Convicted match-fixer offers solution to problem
Limiting online betting to matches in the world's top leagues would help cut down on fixing because those games are not as easy to manipulate, according to convicted match-fixer Wilson Raj Perumal. Sportsnet
Torpedo Moscow penalized 3 games for racial abuse
Torpedo Moscow has been ordered to close part of its stadium for three games by the Russian Football Union as punishment for its fans racially abusing opposition players. Sportsnet
discards logo due to Batman similarities
Spanish football club Valencia says it will not use a new version of its bat logo that comic book maker DC Comics had opposed for being too similar to its Batman symbol.
Arab-Israeli soccer match ends in violence
Tensions arising from Israel's recent incidents of violence spread Sunday night to a soccer game between the Arab-Israeli team Bnei Shakhnin and Beitar Jerusalem, whose fans are of the ultranationalist Jewish tendency. Vancouver Desi
tuesday, november 25, 2014
VOTE: Semifinals set for 2014 Whitecaps FC Goal of the
The semifinals are set. After a month of voting, the field for the 2014 Whitecaps FC Goal of the Year, presented by Budweiser, has been narrowed down to four. Now, it's time to determine the final two. Whitecaps FC
Should the Whitecaps Bring Back Andy O'Brien?
The veteran center back is open to the idea of a pay cut, but is that incentive enough for the 'Caps to bring him back? 86 Forever
Adam Braz?
There was only ever one man for Matt Jordan's old job of technical director. The Impact enjoyed the initial discussions with their candidate. So much so that, while they thought about other candidates, they only met with one, and he's their new TD: Adam Braz.
Canadian Akindele voted MLS Rookie of the Year
Dallas forward and Calgary native Tesho Akindele has been voted Major League Soccer's rookie of the year. He scored seven goals during the regular season and had one in the playoffs, against Vancouver. TSN
Seattle Sounders' Chad Marshall wins 2014 MLS Defender of the Year
Major League Soccer announced on Tuesday that Seattle Sounders FC and MLS veteran Chad Marshall has been named 2014 Defender of the Year after leading the Rave Green to their first-ever Supporters' Shield and their fourth US Open Cup title.
Columbus Crew SC's Michael Parkhurst, Philadelphia Union win 2014
Fair Play Awards
Columbus Crew SC center back Michael Parkhurst picked up the third XBox Individual Fair Play award of his career on Monday, and the Philadelphia Union won the XBox Team Fair Play award for the first time in their five-year history. MLS
Mark Geiger named MLS Referee of the Year; Paul Scott voted
Assistant Referee of the Year
Major League Soccer announced on Tuesday that Mark Geiger has been voted 2014 Referee of the Year, his second such honor, while Paul Scott was voted 2014 Assistant Referee of the Year. MLS
Raul Fernandez, Luis Robles, Donovan Ricketts and Nick Rimando up
for 2014 Save of the Year
It's time to give the goalkeepers a little love. With goals up this year nothing came easy for 'keepers around the league, but they still managed to remind us what they can do with some truly stunning saves. MLS
LA Galaxy welcome another physical contest ahead of second leg with
Seattle Sounders FC
Galaxy central defender Omar Gonzalez, who admitted after the Seattle victory that he "kept his distance" from Sounders players due to his fear of being issued a second yellow, revealed that he'll be more aggressive in the second leg in Seattle. "Next week, that second yellow card doesn't matter," Gonzalez said. LA Galaxy
Petke: If BWP didn't know about yellow-card accumulation, then its
my fault
Head coach Mike Petke rather diplomatically took the blame for not telling Wright-Phillips the accumulation rule as the forward said after the match that he was unaware of the caution points. "I don't know. I guess it's my fault and I'll take that to blame. I have to realize now that every step I have to speak about. Every microscopic step I guess." Big Apple Soccer
Referees grab the spotlight in MLS playoffs
If the goal of a referee is to go unnoticed, the two referees in Sunday's MLS conference finals failed miserably. One dominated the post-game conversation for the cards he handed out; the other for the card he didn't use. Soccer America
York City FC reveal away jersey for 2015 expansion season
Ten days after revealing their home kit for the 2015 season, New York City FC unveiled their away kit for their inaugural season on Monday. The kit - in a primary color of black, in contrast to the "City Blue" of the primary - has the same shade of blue and orange as secondary colors. MLS
Major League Soccer is evolving into a closed shop for American
Are we living in the breakthrough epoch for American soccer coaching? After all, the four teams in action in Major League Soccer's conference finals this weekend are all coached by Americans, and across the league, clubs are overwhelmingly choosing domestic coaches over imports. Soccer Gods
LA Galaxy's Robbie Rogers finds happiness on soccer
field as openly gay man, pens memoir
Los Angeles Galaxy soccer star Robbie Rogers wants some company, now that he's the last man standing as an openly gay athlete in a U.S. professional league. Jason Collins recently retired from the NBA, and Michael Sam is without an NFL team. That leaves Rogers, the first openly gay player in Major League Soccer, hoping for a bigger fraternity. Canada.com
youth soccer
WATCH: EA SPORTS BC Soccer Premier League crown
champions at 2014 Cup Finals
Earlier this month, the EA SPORTS BC Soccer Premier League officially finished its fall league season with the 2014 BCSPL Cup Finals, hosted by Coquitlam Metro-Ford SC. Watch the above video for our wrap-up of the entertaining weekend and to learn more about Vancouver Whitecaps FC's involvement in the EA SPORTS BCSPL. Whitecaps FC
team canada
Canada WNT in control in first of two games against
In their penultimate game of 2014, Canada's Women's National Team looked like a confident group of players that are fired up about hosting the world in 2015. That appearance was reflected in the performance and result as the Canadian team were scarcely under too much trouble and got the goal they needed to pick up a 1:0 win over Sweden in the first of Women's International Friendlies between the two nations. CSA
Canada blanks Sweden in women's soccer friendly
Jonelle Filigno scored her 11th career goal for Canada in a 1-0 victory over Sweden on Monday in the first of two women's international soccer friendlies between the two nations. Filigno scored late in the first half when she ran onto a through pass by Sophie Schmidt and beat Sweden goalkeeper Carola Soberg who tried running off the line, but in vain, to stop the attempt. CBC
fifa women's world cup canada 2015
No word yet on whether goal-line technology will be used
at 2015 Women's World Cup
FIFA has confirmed that goal-line technology will be used at next month's FIFA Club World Cup in Morocco. But there is no word yet on whether it will be part of the 2015 Women's World Cup in Canada. "At the time of writing, we can't give you any confirmation," a FIFA spokesman said by email in response to a Canadian Press query. "The information will be communicated in due time." Canada.com
Road to Vancouver: Germany spoils Wembley party
England went 10-for-10 in qualifying for the 2015 Women's World Cup, but it is still waiting for its first victory over Germany. The reigning European champions beat England, 3-0, before a record crowd of 45,619 for the first women's match at Wembley Stadium since it re-opened in 2007. inSoccer
women's world football
Record crowd at Wembley for England women's team
Equality came to the self-proclaimed Home of Football on Sunday. More than seven years after the new Wembley opened, the England women's team was finally allowed to follow its male counterpart by playing in the $1.2 billion national stadium. USA Today
world football
league chief tells FIFA president Sepp Blatter to resign
German league chief Reinhard Rauball says he called FIFA president Sepp Blatter to ask him to resign over the awarding of the 2022 World Cup to Qatar. "In contrast to others who just do it via the media, I personally called Mr. Blatter some time ago and urged him to resign," Rauball told this week's Kicker magazine. Metro
Russian minister says World Cup 2018 host city Kaliningrad could be
cut over stadium delays
Russian Sports Minister Vitaly Mutko says the city of Kaliningrad could lose the right to host 2018 World Cup matches unless it resolves a dispute over the site of its stadium this week. WFP
Member associations in line for bumper Yuletide development bonus
from FIFA
As things stand, member associations from Albania to Zambia can expect, if they complete the paperwork satisfactorily, to receive financial assistance of $750,000 in the months before they assemble next May to elect a FIFA President for the 2015-19 period. Inside World Football
Coca-Cola lashes Fifa over World Cup corruption
Coca-Cola has become the first big World Cup sponsor to attack Fifa over the "disappointing" handling of its botched corruption investigation. The soft drinks brand, whose financial backing is worth more than £300m to world football's embattled governing body, broke ranks this weekend to voice its concern. The Sunday Times
Camilo adds another Golden Boot
Former Vancouver Whitecaps forward Camilo Sanvezzo became the first player in history to win both the MLS and Liga MX golden boots, after finishing with 12 goals for Queretaro in the Apertura 2014 tournament. Alas, Queretaro missed the Liga MX playoffs. Twitter
Brazilian clubs in crisis as wages unpaid and debts rocket
Just four months after the biggest football event on earth took place in Brazil, the country has lurched into a new crisis with as many as 50% of current professional players and officials unpaid. Estimates say that the wage crisis has hit up to 90% of the professional clubs in the country. Inside World Football
Rayo Vallecano Vow To Pay 85-Year-Old Woman's Rent After She Was
Evicted From Her Home Near Their Stadium
Despite having a yearly operating budget (€7million) that is comfortably less than half of Cristiano Ronaldo's current annual salary across the city at Real Madrid (€17million), Rayo Vallecano have stepped in to pay the rent of a local 85-year-old resident after she was evicted from her home of the last five decades by Spanish authorities. Who Ate All the Pies
monday, november 24, 2014
Galaxy edge Sounders in Game 1 of Western final
With a 1-0 victory in the home leg of their Western Conference final series vs. the Seattle Sounders, the Los Angeles are in the driver's seat on the road to the MLS Championship game. Midfielder Marcelo Sarvas scored in the 52nd minute to give the Galaxy the victory Sunday in front of a standing-room-only crowd of 27,000 at the StubHub Center. Canoe
Despite missed chances, LA Galaxy full of confidence
ahead of second leg vs Seattle Sounders
The last time the LA Galaxy faced off against the Seattle Sounders with an MLS Cup appearance in the balance, they streaked to a 3-0 home victory in the first leg, then did what was required up north to reach the promised land. MLS
Revolution take 2-1 lead back home
Midfielder Jermaine Jones' goal in the 86th minute gave the New England Revolution a 2-1 win over the New York Red Bulls in the first leg of the MLS Eastern Conference finals before 25,000 at Red Bull Arena. 24 Hours
New York Red Bulls' uncharacteristic finishing woes prove costly in
first-leg loss: "It's a punch to the gut"
Chances were plentiful. Goals? Not so much. The New York Red Bulls lost, 2-1, to the New England Revolution in an intense first leg of the Eastern Conference Championship on Sunday afternoon, and perhaps the biggest reason for the home setback was a lack of accuracy in front of goal. MLS
New York Red Bulls captain Thierry Henry confirms he will play at
Gillette Stadium in playoff second leg
Thierry Henry has never played a game on the turf surface at Gillette Stadium. He will next Saturday. After falling to the New England Revolution, 2-1, in the first leg of the Eastern Conference Championship on Sunday, Henry told reporters that he would partake in next Saturday's decisive leg. MLS
Whitecaps confirm launch of USL PRO team playing out of UBC's T-Bird
The Whitecaps will launch a USL PRO team in 2015 and that's easily the most important news of the week for the club, its young players, and its supporters. Another season without consistent, competitive games for a growing group of talented kids — many of them Canadian — would have been a shame, and a waste. The Province
Vancouver Whitecaps hope to extend Cascadia rivalry with Seattle &
Portland into USL PRO
"One of the things that we'll have at the USL level that we also have at the MLS level is the Cascadia rivalry that we have with Portland and Seattle," Lenarduzzi said. "In principle, it would be great to match up that way, to take advantage of travelling supporters coming up and perhaps staying the next day. The idea of co-ordinating USL PRO games, when it would be appropriate." MLS
Impact name ex-player Braz as technical director
Adam Braz was named technical director of the Montreal Impact on Monday. The former Impact and Toronto FC defender served as Montreal's manager from 2011 to 2013. He replaced Matt Jordan, who left on Nov. 4 to become vice-president and general manager of the Houston Dynamo. Sportsnet
Impact signs goalkeeper Evan Bush to new contract
The Montreal Impact announced on Friday that the club has come to terms with goalkeeper Evan Bush on a new contract. Bush, 28, reached career highs in 2014, starting 13 games, including three shutouts in his third season in MLS, his fourth career with the Impact. Montreal Impact
Justin Morrow on his training stint in Germany
Justin Morrow was Toronto FC's most reliable player in 2014. That isn't a bold leap or hyperbole. Morrow was consistent and dependable at left back, providing steady play for a backline that dealt with a number of injuries throughout the season. Morrow and Collen Warner spent the last week training with Werder Bremen. Toronto FC
Orlando City coach Adrian Heath inks contract extension through 2017
Orlando City has rewarded coach Adrian Heath for helping to build the club that earned promotion to Major League Soccer. Heath has signed a contract extension with Orlando City that could keep him with the team through the end of the 2017 season, a source with direct knowledge of the agreement told the Orlando Sentinel. Orlando Sentinel
Landon Donovan Is Retiring From Soccer With No Regrets
For someone who can make playing soccer look so easy, Landon Donovan has never been shy about conveying how hard the sport can be for him. He has made no secret that the responsibility and the trappings that came with being the standard-bearer of American soccer for more than a decade had long ago become a burden. New York Times
MLS Stadium Experience Rankings
Major League Soccer saw average attendance in 2014 reach an all-time high, with more than 19,000 attending each match on average. You should expect that number to continue to grow with the folding of Chivas USA during the 2014 season, and the addition of New York City FC and Orlando City SC in 2015. Most important for stadium travel enthusiasts though, is that the experience of attending an MLS game continues to get better. Stadium Journey
youth soccer
Pannu wears the golden hat, scores three to lead Panorama Ridge to
BC prep soccer title
Kerman Pannu, en route to tournament MVP honours, scored all three of his team's goals Saturday as Panorama Ridge blanked North Vancouver's reigning champion Sutherland Sabres 3-0 in the provincial final at Burnaby Lake Sports Complex. The Province
university soccer
SFU's Blagojevic Named West Region Player of the Year
After a superb senior season, Simon Fraser University men's soccer striker Jovan Blagojevic has been named the 2014 West Region Player of the Year. The Coquitlam native registered the best season of his career in 2014, scoring 18 goals in 18 games, and earning 38 points for the Clan, the most of any Great Northwest Athletic Conference or West Region Player this year. SFU
CONCACAF Champions League
Dates, times set for DC United and Montreal Impact quarterfinal
Eight clubs remain in the CONCACAF Champions League, and now we know when and where the quarterfinal matchups will take place. The two-leg semifinals between the quarterfinal winners are scheduled to begin later in March. MLS
team Canada
Canada WNT look to build momentum as 2014 ends
Canada's Women's National Team may be completing their 2014 calendar behind closed doors but the preparation is just as intense as if they were playing in front of thousands. On Monday, Canada will play Sweden in the first of two Women's International Friendlies near the California coastline as both countries continue their preparations for June's FIFA Women's World Cup Canada 2015™. Canada Soccer
women's world football
Play-off final still perfectly poised
As the year draws slowly to a close, one important result is still in the process of being decided as the Netherlands and Italy contest the play-off final to determine the final European participant in the FIFA Women's World Cup Canada 2015™. Meanwhile, Germany and England, as well as France and New Zealand played one another in friendly matches. FIFA
Women's football has become unrecognisable
Selling out at the new Wembley Stadium has always been a significant accomplishment for any sport to attain, as it fundamentally highlights a game's popularity with the viewing public. Mark Sampson's England women's side may have lost 3-0 against Germany, but it was against the backdrop of a passionate 45,619 crowd. FIFA
world football
GoalControl-4D to feature at FIFA Club World Cup in
It will be a hat-trick of appearances for goal-line technology at the FIFA Club World Cup with GoalControl GmbH set to be the official GLT provider for Morocco 2014. FIFA's club showpiece was where it all began for GLT back in 2012 when Hawk-Eye and GoalRef made history in Japan. FIFA
deVos: 'Crimes Against Defending' prolific at every
I keep a folder on my computer entitled "Crimes Against Defending." In this folder, I collect examples of poor defensive play, poor marking from set pieces and any other offence against the art of defending. Yes, good defending is an art form - and it is on the verge of becoming extinct. TSN
Liverpool's woes continue with loss to Palace
Liverpool's season went from bad to worse on Sunday, when it surrendered an early lead to lose 3-1 at struggling Crystal Palace in the Premier League. After just 12 games, last year's runner-up is failing to hit the heights that saw the side push Manchester City to the final day of the title race. CBC
Bad luck doesn't explain Man City's woes
It has to be said that Manchester City have played some pretty tough opponents in the Champions League over the past few seasons, but the "unlucky" excuse just doesn't stand up to close scrutiny. Sportsnet
Messi far more than just great statistics
Most of the reports on how Lionel Messi spent his weekend opened up with something like this: "Barcelona's Lionel Messi broke Telmo Zarra's all-time La Liga goal-scoring record of 251 goals with a hat trick in the 5-1 win over Sevilla on Saturday." Not bad, I'll admit. Sportsnet
Italy goalkeeper Perin fined, not dropped from Genoa
squad for drunk driving
Genoa coach Gian Piero Gasperini has announced the club will fine Mattia Perin but retain him in the squad after the Italy goalkeeper was stopped for drunk driving. The 22-year-old Perin was stopped in his Volkswagen Golf by police in Genoa on Friday night and found to be over the allowable blood-alcohol limit following a breathalyzer test. TSN
Once at the pinnacle of club football, Milan derby
doesn't even impact title race anymore
A decade ago, the Milan derby was the pinnacle of club football, twice played in the final stages of the Champions League. These days, when Inter and AC Milan meet, it's a second-rate spectacle. How far the two Milan clubs have fallen was on full display in a 1-1 draw Sunday. WFP
Auckland City on track for Morocco with local success
Auckland City FC's preparations for the FIFA Club World Cup Morocco 2014 remain very much on track after the New Zealanders won the inaugural OFC President's Cup on home turf. Auckland, however, needed a strong comeback before overcoming the challenge of growing rivals Amicale of Vanuatu in the final. FIFA
Best on a banknote
This week marks the ninth anniversary of George Best's passing. To mark its first, The Ulster Bank produced the above banknote in tribute to such a national icon. The twinkle-toed winger never got to represent Northern Ireland in a FIFA World Cup™, but he did inspire Manchester United to multiple titles. FIFA
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