text: 1 AL RI All About the Oil Sands TE MA He that will not apply new remedies must expect new evils, for time is the greatest innovator. —Francis Bacon D Hard-hatted, I'm standing in the middle of a reeking moonscape TE of black bitumen-coated sand. Around me are enormous diesel haulers and an old electric shovel that has had its day. It's a hot GH afternoon and the stuff the engineers refer to as "dirt" stinks like the fresh asphalt I poured in my driveway last June. I pick up a bit of the dirt—it's soft, moist, and a bit sticky. My feet even sink RI gently into the stuff. Later, I find the leather soles of my shoes are PY spotted with oil. Everything is big in the Athabasca Sands. Landing in the main Syncrude site is like being inside a giant crater on another planet. CO The colossal yellow Caterpillar 797Bs that can each haul 400 tons of oil sands from the shovels to the separation plant, are the big- gest trucks money can buy. Each one has the horsepower of a hundred pickup trucks. They're monster versions of the yellow Tonkas my sons had in their sandbox. Fully loaded, they weigh more than two Boeing 747s. Each 400-ton run delivers enough dirt to make about 200 barrels of oil, or 1,000 U.S. gallons (3,785 liters) of gasoline. 1 Chapter One To get up into the cab, I have to climb fifty feet (15.24 meters) up a welded steel staircase of twenty steps. From the top, the land- scape appears lunar—a lumpy black asphalt field stretching to the horizon—and over to the east, the greasy sludge ponds kept in by a monstrous tailing dam—the largest in the world by volume— standing as high as a house. Beside the plant, the eye is drawn to the neatly stepped pyramid of shocking yellow sulphur, a by- product of synthetic crude, to be shipped out to make fertilizer. Like the tar that pools out of road asphalt on a blistering hot day, liquid bitumen has always oozed out of the high banks of the Athabasca River for as long as native people can remember. In summer, it can stick to your boots; in winter, you can burn it like coal. Also called pitch, bitumen is the heaviest of the naturally occurring crude oils, a hydrocarbon with most of the hydrogen missing. The driver says it's a lot different here in the winter when bliz- zards roar up the valley from the Arctic Circle. Take some molas- ses and put it in the fridge for a few hours. Then try to pour it. Nothing much happens. That's raw bitumen, as thick and sticky as cold blackstrap molasses. But try and take it out of the ground when the temperature is 58 degrees below 0 Fahrenheit (negative 50 Celsius), and it is as hard as rock. On a hot June day, with sweat trickling down from under my Syncrude hardhat, I try to imagine working here in January, on a windswept landscape where it's so cold that diesel fuel freezes to the consistency of Vaseline, and light engine oil becomes as hard as grease. In the worst days of winter whiteout, you have to keep the engines of these heavy haulers running twenty-four hours a day. If you let the engine stop when it's that cold, you might not be able to start it again until the spring thaw three months later. The black gold rush currently taking place in the Sands of the Athabasca is the biggest industrial project on the planet. The Sands are not pretty and the climate can be brutal, but for the people who 2 All About the Oil Sands work here mining the Sands, steaming the oil off underground deposits or just servicing the big operators, it's a chance to strike it rich in a modern-day Klondike. • • • If energy is supposed to be the master resource of the human race, then Canadians are truly blessed. Beneath the boreal for- est of Saskatchewan and Alberta, halfway between Edmonton and the border of the Northwest Territories, lies a black bonanza of oil-soaked sand, with more petroleum than the entire Middle East. It's hard for people to grasp this simple fact—the bitumen and heavy oil of the Canadian provinces of Alberta and Saskatchewan are the largest known petroleum assets on the planet. Covering an area larger than England, this belt of oil-soaked silicon dwarfs the light oil reserves of the entire Middle East. According to Clive Mather, former head of Shell Canada, "We know there's much, much more there. The total estimates could be two trillion or even higher. This is a very, very big resource." However, this treasure chest lies in rich moist layers that are not ideal for extraction. Over the past twenty-five years, a posse of chemists, geologists, and drilling service companies have spent millions on research to come up with new underground wizardry that will eventually allow us to extract at least one trillion bar- rels from the 80 percent of the Sands which are too deep to be mined. On the surface, the strip miners have also refined their tech- nology, cutting their costs, and squeezing out synthetic crude by using less and less heat and water. Over the next few years, they are being forced to apply themselves to drying out and reclaiming the giant tailing ponds that have so disfigured the landscape and caused so much hand-wringing from green activists around the globe. 3 Chapter One The below-ground producers have a much smaller footprint, using an amazing new process—steam assisted gravity drainage or SAGD—invented by Calgary chemist, Roger Butler, to gently coax the oil from the sand. These producers use less energy and, in some cases, are completely recycling heat and water. Some of them use underground combustion or electricity rather than steam to warm the bitumen underground. Others are using solvent to reduce the need for both water and energy for steam. Some are working out completely closed-loop systems, making their own steam from the energy below. Underground extraction uses a great deal of steam and natural gas is still the major fuel source, but massive new dis- coveries of gas are coming onstream in North America and these will keep the costs in line. In fact, most production and "lifting" costs in the Sands are not out of line compared to conventional oil and far cheaper than offshore drilling, plus there is no exploration cost to pay.1 It's a huge undertaking. Companies that want to tap into the bonanza of the Sands are forking over billions of dollars every year in capital costs and have spent over $1 trillion to date. In the past twenty-five years, the Sands have generated an economic impact in GDP terms of more than $3.5 trillion across Canada. Apart from conventional crude and natural gas, the Sands alone have paid federal taxes of over $200 billion, and provincial taxes and royalties of more than $300 billion. • • • We need this oil, but with all the media reports about global warm- ing and peak oil, we're stricken with a strange kind of neurosis. While we sing along with Joni Mitchell when she complains that we "pave paradise and put up a parking lot," most of us have no 1 Crude Oil Production Costs and Crude Oil Production (U.S. Energy Information Administra- tion); Web Support Site, Black Bonanza Footnotes—Chapter 1. <*> 4 All About the Oil Sands intention of returning to a medieval lifestyle or taking up hunting and gathering in the boreal forest or some other "Garden of Eden." Clearly there is little popular support for shutting the Sands down, and yet there is a strong demand for more environmental steward- ship in the Sands, an issue that is finally being addressed. Our way of life requires fossil fuel and we will need it for at least another half century, or until we develop alternative sources for powering our lifestyle. The Sands are bountiful. They offer a stable and secure supply for North America that no other country in the world can match. After fifty years of tinkering and innova- tion, operators can produce synthetic crude out of the Sands at a price that is getting comparable to conventional crude and less than offshore oil. The U.S., in particular, needs this oil—imports from Canada have doubled over the past decade. Canada now fills about a quarter of the U.S. oil needs, exporting over 80 million barrels a month, almost as much as Saudi Arabia, Venezuela, and Nigeria combined.2 Let's be realistic. In spite of all the protests and complaints, we will never summon the political will to shut down oil operations like the Sands, because we want to secure and maintain our stan- dard of living. So where does this black bonanza leave us in terms of our energy future and security? First of all, the price of oil is one of the governors of the world economy, and, perhaps, the most important price of all. The more oil we can deliver, the more able we are to keep the price stable or at least reasonable. No one wants to go back to 2008 when the oil market went mad, whipped by speculators and out-of-control hedge fund trading. Panic drove the price of crude up to a strato- spheric $148 a barrel at the peak. The crash, when it came, was severe and the price landed with a sickening thud at $38 a barrel. 2 U.S. Imports by Country of Origin; Web Support Site, Black Bonanza Footnotes—Chapter 1. <*> 5 Chapter One Today, unless there are any foolish speculators around who want to get burned all over again, the price seems to have stabilized in the mid $70s. It shouldn't go too crazy again until the lead bulls can generate another crude stampede. • • • Some people describe the Sands as dirty and nasty, but I would like to make a pitch for bitumen, because it is one of the true markers of our civilization. Neanderthal cave people first used it to glue flint tips onto their spears. Three thousand years ago, the Mesopotamians valued it highly for waterproofing boats, bricks, cisterns, water pipes, and pottery, and it was a sought after trade good throughout the Middle East. Indeed, it was essential for their way of life and very survival, as their climate warmed and dried. Bitumen played a big part in early human religion as well, from caulking Noah's Ark, to building the Tower of Babel, to the fire and brimstone that destroyed Sodom and Gomorrah. I find it fascinating that some of this religious sentiment was inspired by a kind of guilt and envy about power that persists even today. Ancient priestly complaints from the Bible are eerily similar to the moralistic essence of today's environmental creed—that our oil-fueled civilization is an affront against nature. Today's climate crusade is based solidly on the age-old attack by priests and reli- gion on the follies of human civilization, technology, and pride. Back in the time of Babylon, it was the Tower of Babel that was the enemy; today, it's technology, overpopulation, industry, America, the human race, and now the tar sands of the Athabasca. • • • At about the same time as the Klondike gold rush lured prospectors to the Yukon, the Sands became a magnet for seekers of black gold. 6 All About the Oil Sands In fact, for the first half of the twentieth century, the Athabasca Sands were like the Klondike, except in slow motion. Very slow motion. In the case of the Athabasca Sands, there was no stampede and no panic to get at the treasure. No more than fifty prospectors and drillers came to the remote Athabasca frontier over a forty- year period before World War II. All of these starry-eyed dreamers went broke, including a dashing German aristocrat named Alfred von Hammerstein. But they believed they had the chance to strike it very rich by finding a large pool of crude oil, or at least make a modest buck by producing barrels of tar or by mining the Sands to pave the muddy roads of the Canadian Prairies with Athabasca asphalt. And they made some progress in understanding the rid- dle of the Sands. The Athabasca River was not Bonanza Creek, and bitumen-soaked sand was not gold dust. At least not at that time. The main problem faced by early pioneers was the huge extent of the boreal forest that surrounded the Athabasca River and tributaries. The Canadian portion amounts to 1.4 billion acres (5.7 billion square km), but the Athabasca Sands underlays only 35 million acres (142,000 square km) or one-fortieth of the total. The mineable portion is under 0.1 percent of the whole boreal ecosystem. So, Canada's boreal forest is, at its heart, huge and indestructible. It's a deep green desert that will never be populated to any extent, and the Sands are only a surface scratch that will ultimately heal. While most critics of oilsands development focus on its impact on the natural environment, and some decry the "destruction of the boreal forest," I don't buy the argument that the industry will destroy this ecosystem. Believe me, there is an almost endless sup- ply of boreal forest up there, and a friend of mine almost died in its vastness. Years ago, some friends and I were on a prospecting job in the Northwest Territories to pay our university fees. We were doing 7 Chapter One geophysical exploration south of Great Slave Lake, a three-day walk from any other human life. Flying over it, the Boreal Forest is an enormous green ocean. Down on the ground, it was an end- less landscape of short, scrubby spruce, peaty muskeg, grey green reindeer moss, swamp, and shallow lakes, some of them with springs of warm sulfur-smelling water. One of my friends got lost, and it took a day to find him. He was smart. He stayed still until he could hear us shouting. My friends and I got there in mid-June, when there was twenty-four hours of daylight and the forest was alive. We heard moose crashing through the spruce, and saw countless songbirds, sandhill cranes, and great horned owls. We kept our meat in a hole in the ground. Five feet down there was frosty soil, as cold as a beer fridge. It was truly the kingdom of the mosquito. We worked with head nets and went through cases of insect repellent. Even the Dene guys we worked with, who claimed their blood was 5 percent mosquito venom, said the modern stuff was a hell of a lot better than bear grease. We prayed for a breeze off Great Slave Lake to chase away the flies. Most nights I drove the Bombardier muskeg tractor down to the lake for an icy cold swim and to fill the water barrel. Suddenly, we had a frost in August and the bugs were gone. Then we had deepening darkness at night as our part of the planet shifted its gaze away from the sun, and then the shimmering green curtains of the aurora borealis lit up the sky, as cosmic rays, directed by the earth's magnetic field, slammed into the atmo- sphere above us. • • • The earliest oilsands development started after World War I, when Canadian government surveyor, Sidney Ells, mapped the richest Sands deposits, and Karl Clark of the University of Alberta worked 8 All About the Oil Sands on extracting 100 percent clean bitumen and building the first pilot plants. The need for oil and asphalt exploded in the twenties, as the automobile came of age and the Sands soon lured in various wealth seekers, including a group of New York City policemen who were convinced the Athabasca forest hid an enormous oil field. They lost their shirts. The North West Company Ltd., an Imperial Oil subsidiary, drilled a few wells in the Sands and found nothing. A Prince Edward Island promoter named Robert Fitzsimmons set up a small bitumen plant and sold barrels of the stuff to hardware stores as roof tar. The first serious investor in the Sands was an enigmatic American geologist named Max Ball, who had advised Shell, Esso, and the White House, and was author of a lively bestseller called This Fascinating Oil Business. With some partners from Toronto, he built a small plant that actually produced diesel fuel and gasoline. The Canadian government took it over as a wartime reserve to sup- ply U.S. troops in Alaska. Interest lagged after World War II, but with U.S. reserves starting to decline and "peak oil" worries rising, it took a Philadelphia oilman named J. Howard Pew, head of the Sun Oil Company, to make the final leap to large-scale produc- tion. His Great Canadian Oil Sands (GCOS) mine, which opened on September 30, 1967, burned through over $250 million before it started making a profit. Today run by Suncor Energy, the GCOS was the world's first complex dedicated to mining oil sands and upgrading bitumen into synthetic crude oil. • • • In the 1970s, OPEC and the oil crisis caused prices to balloon, and suddenly the Sands made a lot more sense. The governments of Alberta and Canada also wanted a bite of the bonanza, and started an escalating ten-year war for control that saw the cre- ation of government oil companies—Alberta Energy Company and 9 Chapter One Petro-Canada—and then a terrible collapse of business when the world price for oil plunged. But the crisis pushed the companies in the Sands to innovate in order to get costs down, and when the happy days returned, their profits mushroomed. The riches of the Sands also brought the U.S. to the free- trade table, something Canada had been urging for a century. The Canada-U.S. Free Trade Agreement gave the U.S. the petroleum price and supply security it needed, and the two countries agreed not to bring in any tax or duty that would favor one country over the other. Either party could bring in energy supply restrictions or price hikes as long as it kept the same price or percentage of supply for the other party. The 1994 North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) went even further, limiting export/import restrictions, keeping the proportion of energy exports relative to total supply, and avoiding dual pricing. The Sands came of age in the early 1990s, when the new Alberta Premier, Ralph Klein, took most of the brakes off oilsands development. Canada soon had three major mines in operation, and suddenly the country had joined the exclusive club of energy superpowers. • • • A former newspaper reporter and Liberal mayor of Calgary, Ralph Klein was no green groupie, and under his fourteen-year reign the oilsands business barreled ahead. Generous write-offs and a new tax and royalty rate led to the spending of billions of dollars a year. It was, perhaps, the biggest industrial boom in Canadian history. In a part of the country used to boom and bust, the governing mantra was "make hay while the sun shines." While oilsands mining went flat out, Klein and the companies also directed a whole whack of money toward oilsands research, 10 All About the Oil Sands mainly at the universities of Calgary and Alberta, but also on site, where oilsands operators invested in automating production, and in improving water recycling and heat exchange bit by bit. All this research cash soon gave birth to a raft of new technology start- ups that tried to exploit promising patents and innovations. The greatest of all of these new inventions was SAGD (pronounced SAG-D), which is turning into one of the key breakthroughs in energy history. But the good times had a downside. The tailing ponds of the mines grew wider, and the companies slacked off on their promises to reclaim the mined land, so that today, the governments are forc- ing the oil companies to play an expensive game of catch up. The tailing ponds also alarmed many environmental groups, including Alberta's Pembina Institute, who expressed concern about leakage into the Athabasca River or even the breaching of a dyke, which could seriously damage the entire Athabasca-Mackenzie River watercourse. A doctor downriver at Fort Chipewyan found rare cancers that he suggested could be caused by toxic compounds leaking from the ponds. While an Alberta enquiry absolved the Sands' operators, the issue is still a "he said–she said" battle. The issue needs further research, and matters are complicated by the fact that there are also four pulp mills upstream from the mines as well. What really changed the attitude of many citizens toward the Sands was the rapid growth of a movement against global warm- ing caused by the burning of fossil fuels, which releases carbon dioxide (CO2). The fascinating thing, and one I devote a chapter to in this book, is why the Sands, a bit player among emitters, became such a symbol for the environmentalists, when other CO2 sources are far more significant. The story has many twists and turns, but inevitably comes down to money and power. A lot of individuals and groups directly benefit by focusing on the Sands, and ignoring other global warming villains. 11 Chapter One So suddenly, it was "Tar Wars" time, as the Sands morphed into something akin to the kingdom of Mordor in Tolkein's Lord of the Rings, and a talisman for sophisticated attacks on the energy business as a whole. • • • We're being asked to wager trillions of dollars and substan- tially curtail freedom on climate models that are imperfect and unproven. —George Will, Washington Post The world's biggest industrial project started to attract world-class attention in about 2005. At one end of the spectrum, Bill Gates and Warren Buffett jetted up to the Athabasca in the summer of 2008 to check on their investments. At the other end, the Sands were visited regularly by Greenpeace eco-warriors, eager to hang their banners on heavy haulers. Soon, a succession of green groups were making the pilgrimage to Fort McMurray and flying over the Sands, so they could report back on the devastation done by the world's ugliest mines. The mainstream green groups were determined to portray the extraction of oil from the Sands as bad for the environment, and some went as far as to demonize the Sands as a modern day Mordor for questing green hobbits. Why? Because in reality, trashing the tar patch shored up their fundraising activities and helped their bottom line. The Sands are monumentally ugly, and they are far enough away from big population centers so donors can't look too closely at the message. Besides, "Blame Canada" is a tried and true slogan in the U.S. All this attention led Al Gore and others to ramp up the demon- ization of the Sands even further. In a speech in Toronto in the fall of 2009, Gore pulled out all the stops saying that, "the oil sands threaten our survival as a species." 12 All About the Oil Sands So what's with the apocalyptic language? Who is benefiting from these over-the-top attacks? And what are the oilsands compa- nies doing to combat the counter the demonization? In this book I argue that the oilsands companies are ill pre- pared to fight what has turned out to be the mother of all pubic relations battles. The Sands have become the poster child for "envi- ronmental Armageddon," but the companies have little response. They take a reactive rational approach when what they are facing is nothing less than a new religion determined to defeat them in a last battle, a "Tarmageddon" if you will. Apart from the young hearts and rich foundations arrayed against them, the Sands operators are also facing a growing and formidable phalanx of new companies determined to tithe the energy industry and use tax breaks to build alternative and sus- tainable energy projects. In some ways, global warming is just a sideshow. Paleoclima- tologists show convincingly that Earth's climate has been changing naturally for millennia before the Medieval Warm Period (800 to 1300 AD), when temperatures where higher than today, and the Little Ice Age (1500 to 1850 AD), when temperatures were lower, and no climate prediction models can infallibly map the distant future. Indeed, as the recent release of the "Climategate" e-mails and documents from the influential Climatic Research Unit (CRU) at the University of East Anglia show, the current models are enormously crude. Climate "deniers," or as they like to call themselves, "climate realists," are clearly in the ascendant, even though the global warming crusaders endlessly taunt them as being "shills for big oil." Ironically, the "Climategate" e-mails show that the CRU fundraisers had no problem with big oil, and actually met with Shell Oil environmental officials to enlist them as strategic partners, while getting them to bankroll pro man-made global warming research. The e-mails also reveal that the CRU was try- ing to get research grants from oil giants British Petroleum and 13 Chapter One Exxon-Mobil. All three companies are enthusiastic operators in the Athabasca Sands. Even the famous "hockey stick" graph used by the United Nations'Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), and heavily featured in Al Gore's movie, An Inconvenient Truth, has been thoroughly debunked by retired Toronto mining engineer and statistician Steve McIntyre. But the demonization continues, and now it is Canada that is under the spotlight. The country "is the dirty old man of the climate world," according to a recent Guardian article. The most pious of the global warming pundits, George Monbiot, wrings his hands when he thinks of what a nasty country Canada has become: When you think of Canada, which qualities come to mind? The world's peace-keeper, the friendly nation, a liberal counterweight to the harsher pieties of its southern neighbor, decent, civilized, fair, well-governed? Think again. This country's government is now behaving with all the sophistication of a chimpanzee's tea party. I am watching the astonishing spectacle of a beautiful, cul- tured nation turning itself into a corrupt petrostate . . . Canada is slipping down the development ladder, retreating from a com- plex, diverse economy towards dependence on a single primary resource, which happens to be the dirtiest commodity known to man. Until now I believed that the nation which has done most to sabotage a new climate change agreement was the United States. I was wrong. The real villain is Canada. Unless we can stop it, the harm done by Canada in December 2009 will outweigh a century of good works . . . Various diplomats have taken up Monbiot's moaning cry, calling for Canada's expulsion from organizations like the Commonwealth because it failed to meet its commitments under the 1997 Kyoto Cimate Change Treaty. But neither have the Europeans, in spite 14 All About the Oil Sands of some creative climate accounting, emissions trading, land-use changes, and carbon offsets. All of this is happening while the emerging problem may, in fact, be global cooling. Ecologist Peter Taylor has shown that the jet stream shifts south as the magnetic field of the sun falls, and this was characteristic of the Little Ice Age. In 2007, the sun's mag- netic field fell to an all-time low and this repeated through 2008 and 2009. So, we may need the energy from the Sands more then we realize. Polls still show that most people in Canada don't buy the demonization and support continuing to work the Sands. U.S. and British pollsters are also finding out that "climate fatigue" and the recession have combined to cause the global warming scare to retreat down to the very bottom of peoples' concerns. Stepping back from the spin, it struck me that perhaps all these attacks and the demonization of Canada and its oilsands bonanza are one way of distracting Americans and Europeans from the problems in their own back yard. U.S. coal-fired electric- ity (some of which is sold to Ontario) is immensely more pollut- ing, and produces forty-four times more CO2 than the Athabasca projects. Mountaintop removal in the Appalachians does far more damage than tailings ponds in the Athabascsa. I have also come to the conclusion that genuine environ- mentalism went into the ditch when the pollution debate was gradually reframed along one obsessive line—global warming. An eager Al Gore, together with market makers who want to build a global climate exchange using cap-and-trade systems, have ended up monopolizing the green agenda. But after a decade of intense lobbying, they too are starting to fail, and Financial Post editor, Terence Corcoran, suggests a reason why: "Carbon trading is an economic black hole, a high-risk pseudo market set up around an orchestrated shortage for a largely unmeasurable, naturally occurring thing called carbon dioxide." It's also clear that a market that is not based on rational needs, but rather government policy 15 Chapter One is ripe for exploitation. According to Europol, the perils of mak- ing a market on hot air are very real—carbon trading fraudsters may have accounted for up to 90 percent of all market activity in some European countries, and criminals have got away with an estimated €5 billion, mainly in Britain, France, Spain, Denmark, and Holland. The shame of it is, we have real pollution, starvation, and pub- lic health issues that desperately need to be solved, and we may have just wasted fifteen or twenty years and billions of dollars that could have been used to attack these problems. Instead, we have green evangelists urging us to accept carbon taxation as a real solution, when we should be changing to hybrid vehicles, demanding higher mileage, teleconferencing instead of using jet planes, and saving energy rather than wasting it. We have been programmed to obsess about global warming and spend for- tunes on controlling minuscule temperature variations, when we should be making simple lifestyle choices to reduce pollution in general. In spite of all the spin people are exposed to today, and grow- ing climate fatigue, there is still a definite will to improve the environmental footprint of Canada's oilsands industry, diminish the tailings problem, and restore a scarred landscape. And this is finally being dealt with, as I detail later in this book. Global warming has been a lucrative crisis for certain sectors for the past twenty years, and nourished whole generations of policy- makers, interest groups, and organizations that thrive through public fundraising. For many people, the argument mirrors the debate in their own souls between the green of the earth and the bonanza of wealth we enjoy from using fossil fuels. But now we're seeing an entirely new energy scare emerging to take the focus off pollution and global warming. It's another issue that its devotees say threat- ens human civilization itself—the phenomenon of peak oil. • • • 16 All About the Oil Sands Extraordinary claims require extraordinary proof. —Carl Sagan Back in the 1980s, I was told by a prominent Alberta oilman that there was more oil in Alberta than in the entire Middle East. It turns out we have quite a bit more – over 1 trillion barrels that is recoverable, 3.3 trillion barrels in total. So why are we wringing our hands about peak oil?3 The peak oil theory was first put forward in the 1950s by Shell's lead geologist, King Hubbert, who made the shocking prediction that U.S. conventional oil output would peak in the early 1970s, and thereafter decline, making the U.S. increasingly dependent on foreign oil. Hubbert was right on the money about America, for- merly the world's number-one oil exporter, but he was wrong in his other prediction—global oil production would taper off after 2000. But only because he lacked clear statistics and did not factor in Canada's Athabasca Sands. He also did not factor in 3 billion new players—the Chinese and the Indians—who were not in the market until the year 2000. It all depends on what you mean by "peak." Outside fortress North America, the oil business is still a "Mad Max" kind of world, with supply scrambling to meet demand, with bullies, dictators, and thugs holding sway over cowering citizens, and with national oil companies (NOCs) used as personal banks by the local rul- ing kleptocracy. At the same time, oil-poor nations like China and India are thumbing their noses at UN-mandated emissions targets and enthusiastically adopting a fossil-fuel-based lifestyle. Some petro-pessimists, including those who also buy into global warming, tell us with the utmost confidence that the crunch is already here, and we're entering a real age of scarcity on the road to ruin. They say our fossil fuel civilization is toast, because 3 For an excellent summary of the peak oil debate, see the video, "A Crude Awakening"; Web Support Site, Black Bonanza Video—Peak Oil <*> 17 Chapter One world crude oil production has passed its peak, and we're not find- ing enough oil to replace what we're consuming. Even most oil analysts still maintain the strange fiction that the Athabasca Sands are second only to Saudi Arabia in recoverable oil reserves. This fiction persists in the face of growing evidence that the Athabasca Sands are far larger. A trillion barrels of synthetic crude is four times greater than Saudi Arabia's 250 billion-odd barrels of conventional oil, and the 175 billion barrels that the International Energy Agency estimates for Canada as a whole. For many Americans, Hubbert's peak oil theory is a terrify- ing prospect and one that could rock their whole way of life. For others, the scenario is pleasing, because our seemingly insatiable demand for fossil fuel is morally wrong and scarcity will force us to switch to windmills and biomass for fuel. Suddenly, new horizontal drilling technology has ridden to the rescue, giving the world a gas glut and an elegant new way to exploit heavy oil and oilsands deposits. Roger Butler's SAGD means another hundred or so years of energy security that we never thought we had. Now, many people attracted to the peak oil crusade are lower- ing their placards and going home. The apocalypse has been put off for at least another century. Energy economists have suddenly discovered that Hubbert's Peak is just a ragged plateau—that scary- looking downward roller-coaster slope of Hubbert's bell curve has significantly flattened out. The Sands of the Athabasca will help insulate us from the shock of temporarily higher prices. The Sands are also a lifeline for North America and the rest of the world, until we engineer technology that can tap the powerful radiation of the sun. Still, the threat that one day the planet's oil resources will run dry is very real, and it's obvious we have to work toward true energy independence. But the rewards of getting there are great— we'll finally be free of the peak oil threat, price manipulation by dictators and scoundrels, soaring and crashing oil prices and the 18 All About the Oil Sands roller-coaster ride of booms and recessions, and the risks of famine and petro-conflict. The U.S., in particular, will free itself of hav- ing to spend up to $2 billion each and every working day to buy imported crude. The blessing of the Sands is that they give us the luxury of time. After the oil shocks of the past thirty years, the Sands give us the chance to plan what I describe as the "Blue Shift," to adopt new power technologies and get to the other side of any energy security minefield the world may have to cross. So what are the best ways to make the Blue Shift, and how do we get there? Smart investors like Warren Buffett, the Oracle of Omaha, are already preparing their portfolios for the Blue Shift. Buffett, who believes all cars on the road in 2030 will be electric, has already invested in a Chinese company working on the technology to make it happen. • • • "Blue is the new green" and blue is where the future lies. We're a race that runs on oil. A cheap supply of energy, first wood and wind, then coal, and now oil and gas, has given humanity a whole new way of life. With some exceptions, the Age of Oil has given us countless blessings, but the wells of fossil fuel will one day run dry. We have probably a fifty-year window of security made possible by reserves like Canada's oilsands. But even before that time, even in the next decade or two, we should be able to make what I call the Blue Shift into an abundant new energy future. U.S. futurist Ray Kurzweil has a theory that innovation pro- ceeds on an exponentially rising curve and that we are well into the curve for getting economical energy from the sun. Applying his Law of Accelerating Returns, Kurzweil calmly predicts that solar nanotechnology will produce all the energy needs of Earth's 19 Chapter One people in just twenty years. "If we could convert .03 percent of the sunlight that falls on the earth into energy," he says, "we would meet all of our projected needs for 2030." Many people are now getting the point that solar energy free- dom is just around the corner. Blue post-environmental activism is now emerging and it's not just a word shift from green to blue. Tens of billions of dollars are being invested in blue research and development, in a race to come up with the cheap and scalable clean energy that we need. You can see it in California where most of the world's trends start—savvy venture capital companies in Silicon Valley are shifting their focus from computing to renew- able energy, the cheap generation of electric power, and, of course, super cool battery-powered vehicles like the Tesla. That's where the future is, and that's where the fun can be found. The emerging Blue Shift should take us gracefully out of the age of oil, and usher in an era of super abundance right out of a science fiction novel. It's perhaps ironic that solar energy will eventually replace crude oil and natural gas as the fuel that powers the world, but we should be thankful that plentiful hydrocarbon resources like those found in the Sands will let us make the transi- tion without stress and violence, without the risk of apocalypse, or the collapse of liberal democracy. The major danger in the shift to blue is having enough petro- leum to keep fueling the global agricultural revolution so that we can avoid the specter of large-scale famine. World food production today is heavily linked to fossil fuels and inorganic fertilizer. The biggest risk right now is not peak oil; it's maintaining the equi- librium, and we must do it by ensuring the production of secure energy supplies and food at a reasonable price, and by ramping up solar technology. This is no time to be taxing carbon and shoving people into poverty. That issue should wait until climate science is more settled. You would think that the arrival of nanosolar and other blue technologies could put Canada's synthetic crude on the road to 20 All About the Oil Sands obsolescence. But things never happen that quickly. Synthetic crude from the Sands is just a great insurance policy for North Americans and an immense future resource for petrochemicals and other uses of fossil energy. Even if you're the most dedicated of climate lemmings, ready to follow Al Gore anywhere, you'll have to agree with me that we need to make a smooth transition from the Age of Oil to the new Solar Era. The Sands will help us get there. One hundred years ago, as the Age of Oil was just beginning, Canadian drillers working for the Anglo-Persian Oil Company (today's BP), struck the first oil in the Middle East at Masjid-e- Soleiman in present-day Iran. One hundred years ago, an Ontario driller named Eugene Coste spudded the first gas well in Alberta. And one hundred years ago, a passionate young Canadian govern- ment geologist named Sidney Ells arrived in the Athabasca Valley to do an inventory of the Sands and bring out samples for study. Today, a century later, we are poised to enter another more perma- nent energy era, the Solar Age, and we'll get there easily, with the help of an ocean of bitumen laid down 100 million years ago. 21


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New Hampshire sisters give birth on same day
A string of coincides led to two New Hampshire sisters giving birth at the same hospital on the same day.
Stacy and Tricia Knox originally had due dates weeks apart, but they ended up giving birth to their sons at Frisbie Memorial Hospital two hours and 16 minutes apart Tuesday morning.
Tricia Knox said she kept her contractions a secret so she could continue to be her sister's cheerleader at the hospital.
"So I actually ended up going into labor, and she was there for my support, and she secretly went into labor," Stacy Knox said.
"I started having contractions in the morning when they told us she was 8 cm, and I decided to not tell anybody," Tricia Knox said. "Her mother in-law told the nurses I was having contractions."
The Knox sisters had rooms next to each other in the hospital. Their loved ones rushed back and forth to support both as they went through labor pains.
Originally, one of the boys was due on Sunday, while the other was due April 12. But they said there were various coincidences throughout their pregnancies. They were both having boys, they had ultrasound appointments on the same days throughout their pregnancies, and they had the same obstetrician.
The sisters said they are close, and this bond will make them even closer.
"They'll probably have the same bond that we share," Tricia Knox said.
Copyright 2013 by WMUR.com. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.
Stockton teacher charged with dragging student toward pool
Attorney: Police had 'duty' to cite teen son in fatal crash that killed 5 family members
Cameron Park man killed in Humboldt Co. plane crash
Family, friends of police officers protest in Auburn
Economist: Obama immigration action will boost pay

subset: commoncrawl


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Aprilaire 2410 Whole House Air Purifier, Compact Air Cleaner w/MERV 13 Filter
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Offering continuous ventilation for up to 28.3 square feet of air space, the Aprilaire 2410 Compact Whole Home Air Cleaner has the ability to alleviate all of your allergy related problems, as well as other irritable particles that circulate in your home. For use with most modern furnaces, this air cleaner is the pinnacle in constant air filtration.
Dust, pollen, mold spores and pet dander are all a thing of the past when you employ the Aprilaire 2410 Compact Whole Home Air Cleaner to ventilate your home. Completely silent while in operation, this filter picks up 98 percent of all particles that can cause irritation and traps them within the airtight filter.
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Podcast: Play in new window | Download (Duration: 1:25:40 — 58.9MB)
Welcome to the first episode of the sixth season of the Ivy Envy Podcast. Andy, Corey and Kurt preview the Cubs 2014 Spring Training by inviting on Brett from Bleacher Nation. We look at the top twelve story-lines that interest them with the Cubs 2014 Spring Training.
You can find Brett at:
@BleacherNation on Twitter
Bleacher Nation on Facebook
1. Mike Olt's performance at the plate.
2. Resolving the glut of arms for the bullpen.
3. Jake Arrieta's shoulder.
1. The last hurrah of Brett Jackson and Josh Vitters?
2. How will the outfield lineup pan out?
3. Edwin Jackson.
1. Fan reaction to Cubs Park vs. Hohokam/Fitch.
2. Will Rizzo and Castro bounce back from disappointing 2013 numbers?
3. Will Samardzija trade buzz quiet or intensify during spring?
1. Javier Baez.
2. 2nd Base situation.
3. Ability to stay healthy.
After the break, we read some Internet Muscle Flexes and pick a winner for this week's Photo Caption Contest:
We'd like to hear what Cubs 2014 Spring Training story-line you will be watching closely. Leave a comment.
Corey Fineran
Latest posts by Corey Fineran (see all)
- "Dat LaStella Doh" – Podcast Episode 6.45 - November 16, 2014
- Saving it up for Saturday Night – Podcast Episode 6.44 - November 10, 2014
- Joe Maddon…FOLKS! – Podcast Episode 6.43 - November 4, 2014


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Re: Man Wins Big Money in Tablesaw Lawsuit
There's Your Sign,
What you are about to read is only my opinion.
You can be sued for anything, I think the jury should be sued for being idiots. The legal system should be sued for letting idiots allowing to bring stupidity in to question.
If the legal system was fair for everyone, everything would be written so everyone would understand. But then we wouldn't need lawyers (Now wouldn't that be stupid) .
Lets see what's next..... MORE STUPIDITY :)
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Lord of the Rings Online - The Shire
An EG exclusive, a first look at the lush fields of the shire. Looking set for its spring release.
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Dragon Age Inquisition walkthrough Our guide to the massive third game.
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Feel sexy and stylish in these unique lace-up heels from Naot. The expert designers have developed this distinctive shoe for those women who do not want to sacrifice style for orthopedic support. The premium jet black leather is accented with intricate threading detail and a stylistic embellishment above the toe for extra flare. With a pair of Naot Rubino heels, the outstanding orthotic is immediately noticeable. The Naot padded heel cup technology supports your arches, while improving your balance and posture. And with each step, the cork and memory foam footbed will mold and adapt to your foot structure.
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text: Front Line-level RCA outputs Moving magnet and moving coil inputs Other Other Other View larger Musical Fidelity V-LPS II Phono preamplifier Item #: 778VLPSII Be the first to write a review | 0 questions This item is no longer available to purchase. Original Price: $199.99 Shop all Phono Preamps Need help? 1.888.955.6000 Email Chat Ask an expert advisor No pressure, no commission — just lots of good advice from our highly trained staff.


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What has 500 legs and a heart of gold? Nope, not an experiment gone wild. Instead it's the team of generous, dedicated, and selfless volunteers who make the Cambridge Science Festival happen!
The Cambridge Science Festival is now branching out into other communities at different times of the year through Science on the Street! We need extra helping minds and hands at some of the events we will be part of this summer and fall. Please sign up below to volunteer (click here)!
The Events
(will be continuously updated as new events are scheduled)
Updated on 11/20/2014
Dracut STEM Family Night
Friday, December 5th, 6pm-8pm
Brookside Elementary School, Dracut, MA
Everett Family STEM Night
Tuesday, January 13th, 5pm-6:30pm
Parlin School, Everett, MA
Acton-Boxborough Half Day
Thursday, January 15th
A-B Elementary School


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Adorn Your Walls With Adorable Betty Boop
Kaley Cuoco Shows Off Her Tennis Skills
The Worst Superhero Movies You've Never Seen
7 Things You Didn't Know About 'The Big Bang Theory'
Will This $0.50 Stock Hit $6.00? 3 Reasons We Think So!
10 Actresses Who Would Be Perfect As 'Captain Marvel'
10 Superheroes Who Won't Get Their Own Movie
14 Shows We Wish Were Still On Air
The Third Wave of DC Comics' Convergence Titles Revealed
Sam Wilson is the New Captain America
The Real Lorde Sings South Park's Lorde Parody Song and I's Amazing
The 5 Most Disappointing Series Finales in TV History
Check Out A Teaser of The Fantastic Four's Costumes
Extended Trailer for Avengers: Age of Ultron Brings Even More New Footage!
The Best and Worst Marvel Villains
What The Average American Male's Body Looks Like
Kella Ripa Cracked The Best Dirty Joke On Live TV
5 Insane Versions Of Popular Movies That Almost Got Made
Margot Robbie Cast as Harley Quinn in Suicide Squad?
Check Out More Than 50 Jurassic World Trailer Screenshots
Dakota Fanning Boards American Pastoral
Resident Evil Live-Action Films Get TV Spinoff
Star Wars: The Force Awakens Trailer This Friday!
See the First Appearance of Marvel's Female Thor!
10 Moments We Want to See in Captain America: Civil War
Rosie Perez Drops Shocking Hollywood Secrets
Suicide Squad Targeting Jared Leto as the Joker!
Marvel Announces New Crossover Event & Star Wars Comic
Love List: The Most Romantic Movies Ever Made
10 Actors Who Do The Same Thing In Every Movie


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Catching up with former Coastal Bend athletes competing in the collegiate ranks.
Point guard helps Threshers turn things around after 0-27 season
A&M-Kingsville scores season high in points in win over McMurry
Previewing A&M-Kingsville's season finale at McMurry.
Catching up with former Coastal Bend standouts
Catching up with former Coastal Bend athletes competing in the college ranks
Former Calallen standout has immediate impact for War Hawks.
Midwestern State sends A&M-Kingsville to seventh consecutive loss in home finale
The Javelinas enter their home finale with a six-game losing streak.
A&M-Kingsville was penalized 11 times for 99 yards.
Texas A&M-Kingsville takes five-game losing streak into game at West Texas A&M


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Home | New | Popular | More | Surprise
Here are my newest poems for you to read. I post new poems as I write them, so please check back often. Have fun!
|Autumn Is the Time of Year
|November Is Upon Us
|My Baby Brother's Birthday
|I'd Like to Meet an Alien
|Nobody Touch My Tarantula Sandwich
|Halloween Cuisine
|When Chemists Die, They Barium
|Our Teacher's Not a Zombie
|My Puppy Ate My Earbuds
|Dear Summer
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This skull-shaped decanter bottle is perfect for Halloween, or for those of us who are drawn to the dark side. Enjoy the season!
Apothecary The Darkness Cacao Coffee Bitters, 4 oz $22.00
Bittered Sling Bitters Gift Box 2.0 $50.00
Urban Moonshine Chamomile Bitters, 2 oz $18.00
Vapor Spirit — Alcohol Vaporizer $55.00
Bar Keep Organic Apple Bitters, 8 oz $20.00
Dutch's American Era Cocktail Bitters Gift Pack $16.00
Calabrese 2-Piece Cocktail Shaker $53.00
Royal Rose Saffron Syrup, 8 oz
NEW PRODUCT! Bittered Sling's new gift box!
The nice folks at Bittered Sling have released a very cool-looking new version of their previous gift box. The box design is awesome and it still contains 6 bottles (25 ml each) featuring different flavours from the Bittered Sling line of extracts. In this case, the flavours are: Orange & Juniper; Grapefruit & Hops; Plum & […]
NEW! Urban Moonshine Chamomile Bitters!
We have 2 new offerings from the folks at Urban Moonshine. Their line of organic bitters now includes a new flavour: Chamomile. We carry both the UM Chamomile Bitters, 2 oz bottle and the UM Chamomile Bitters, 15 ml Spray bottle. Enjoy


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Customer Service Agent Fedex Jobs in Kingsport, Tennessee
1 Kingsport, TN Customer Service Agent Fedex jobs found on Monster.Jobs 1 to 1 of 1
If you've got the drive, we've got the opportunity. Randstad is adding temporary drivers to provide transportation services to FedEx Ground. It is extra cash and a chance to work with an industry leader. Working hours: Varied hours Qualifications: 21 years or older Motor Vehicle Record Screening* Drug screen, background checks, and physical Customer Service Skills No CDL required Minimum o...
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5 Style Inspirations to Know for Spring
A$AP Rocky, Big Boi and more share their personal fashion icons
April 2013
4 of 5
Matt Bomer
"A lot of European film stars don't get their due. Like Jean-Paul Belmondo. He was one of the first people I saw who made a suit look effortless."
- Tags
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Food + Travel
- David Chang's Kitchen: Don't Get All "Fresh" with Me
- David Chang's Kitchen: Your Idea of Bologna is Total Baloney
- Chart: The Family Tree of Bourbon Whiskey
- Recipe: Semi-Summer Salad - Chef Jeff Taibe of Oak + Almond
- The Great Franco-Italian Pasta Experiment
- How to Pick from an Overpriced Restaurant Wine List


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If you aren't going to be sincere when confessing all of your employees' sins to the SEC, don't bother: Mary Jo White can tell, and it will just make her angrier. Read more »
Mary Jo White's Leniency Only For The Pure Of HeartBy Jon Shazar
Taking Away Your Head Trader's Desk And Shoving Him In A Basement To Perform Menial Labor In Retaliation For Whistleblowing Apparently Not OkayBy Bess Levin
On Monday, Paradigm Capital Management became the first investment fund to pay a fine for retaliating against an employee who reported his firm's misdeeds to the S.E.C. The hedge fund, which is based in Albany, N.Y., and manages $1.5 billion of client money, agreed to pay $2.2 million to settle the civil charges…Mr. Nordgaard was head trader at Paradigm Capital from 2009 to August 2012, when his contract was terminated. Mr. Nordgaard, who filed a lawsuit against the firm in 2012, said that shortly after he told his employer that he had reported trading violations, Paradigm Capital "embarked on a campaign of retaliation" against him. Days later, Mr. Nordgaard was removed from his desk and stripped of his trading privileges, according to the lawsuit. He was then assigned to "an isolated location to do low-level compliance work". [Dealbook]
Having already put the mysterious, opaque platforms on notice, Mary Jo White & Co. are beginning to undress them. One's already in the soup for taking a little too much pride in the folks it was quietly and very untransparently trading for. The rest are now having some light shone upon the disclosures they're supposed to be making but maybe aren't. Read more »
Securities And Exchange Commission Bans Aspiring Whistleblower For Being A Pain In The AssBy Bess Levin
As many of you know, in 2010, the SEC created a whistleblower program wherein a person who "comes forward with high-quality original information that leads to a Commission enforcement action in which over $1,000,000 in sanctions is ordered" can collect a nice little payout (awards range from 10-30% of the total collected). So you can't really blamed the unnamed man or woman who submitted 196 applications1 for awards over the last 3.5 years in an attempt to win a nice li'l finder's fee for him/herself, but the SEC can decide to make it official policy that any future cases submitted by this person shall be used for kindling, which it did last month. Read more »
Could Somebody Help A Regulator Out?By Jon Shazar
The SEC would love to do something about all of those brokers doing all of those bad things and then lying about it while FINRA looks the other way. It really would. But it just doesn't have the time, by which it means money. So it would really appreciate it if someone, say, FINRA, would step up to the plate and do its job. Read more »
The Bitcoin Bugle: ResurrectionBy Jon Shazar
Remember when the brothers Winklevoss announced, with customary fanfare, that they'd be making bitcoin-ETF history, as long as no one stole their idea in the meantime? Me either. But they haven't forgotten, and now, against some odds, people who want to lose money on fake money may eventually have the chance to do so on the Nasdaq. Read more »
Congressmen Stumble On Sure-Fire Insider-Trading CureBy Jon Shazar
If the SEC is going to be all holier-than-thou re: matters insider-trading, two Congressmen want to know why it doesn't bar its employees from trading any stocks at all. You know, to be sure. Read more »


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Fugitive lip biter arrested in California
Nov 6, 2014
Jonathan E. Benedict
Oct 30, 2014
Darrell W. Cook
Oct 2, 2014
Michael Polchies
Sep 25, 2014
Home » News » Crime
March 11. 2013 7:00AM
Updated: Stolen truck found burning in Rochester
ROCHESTER— Police are asking residents for help identifying the men who stole a pickup which could have been used for other crimes before being burned early this morning.
Police, firefighters and emergency personnel responded around 2:12 a.m. after receiving a report of a vehicle fire on the railroad tracks along Whitehall Road. Officers found a silver 2005 Ford Ranger fully engulfed in flames, which were quickly extinguished by firefighters.
Investigators determined the pickup had been stolen from a home in Alton and could have been used in an attempted burglary in Farmington before being abandoned and set ablaze by two men, according to police.
Alton Police Chief Ryan Heath said the truck was stolen from a home at 298 Main St., but the owner didn't notice it was missing until officers came to the home around 2:40 a.m.
Heath said detectives are meeting with their counterparts in Farmington and Rochester .Farmington Police Chief Kevin Willey said the truck may be connected to an attempted burglary incident around 2 a.m. at the Farmington Lil General Store on Route 11.
Willey said someone attempted to enter the store, but left after the alarm sounded.
"We are investigating to determine whether the truck recovered in Rochester was our suspect vehicle," Willey said.
Anyone with information about the crimes is encouraged to contact officer Matt Leccacorvi at 330-7128. Anonymous tips can also be submitted via the Rochester Crime Line at 335-6500 or by texting CRIMES (274637) Body of Text: TEXT4CASH + your tip. Cash rewards are offered for information that leads to an arrest.
- Manchester police investigating after man stabbed in neck - 0
- Ferguson protests enter third day; arrests in St. Louis - 0
- Abuse history at Nashua address where 3-year-old died - 6
- Franklin robbery suspect sought, considered armed and dangerous - 0
- Franklin man and woman arraigned for attempted prostitution of minor - 0
- Police investigating death of 3-year-old girl in Nashua - 7
- Police say hit-and-run driver was observed tossing beer cans from car - 0
- Police say woman stole pocketbook at Hudson Market Basket - 0
- Police say former manager of Hudson McDonald's stole $10k from restaurant - 1
Man extradited from Texas on July report of sexual assault on juvenile in NashuaREADER COMMENTS: 0
- Celtics Insider: Celtics rule Smart out of tomorrow's game against Chicago - 0
- Berube the backbone of Monarchs' team 'D' - 0
- Packers QB Revis will pose a challenge for Patriots - 0
- Hudson may start charging for non-transport ambulance calls - 0
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- Newsreel: Concord economic forecast; Tech Council hosts forum; UNH Fairchild Dairy honored - 0
- Londonderry-based MegaFood launches transparency project in vitamin industry - 0
- Grant program to help Granite State students with loans - 0
Bruins pleased with start in spite of injuriesREADER COMMENTS: 0
NH suffers 4th worst outage on record
NH suffers 4th worst outage on record
Camping out didn't pay for shoppers
Camping out didn't pay for shoppers
NH suffers 4th worst outage on record
NH suffers 4th worst outage on record
Pat Buchanan: What to make of Ferguson?
Pat Buchanan: What to make of Ferguson?
- Whom do you think bears the brunt of the blame for the mayhem this weekend in Keene?
- KSC students
- 37%
- KSC administration
- 2%
- Police
- 6%
- Visitors from out of town
- 18%
- A combination of any/all of the above
- 37%
- Total Votes: 2483


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have some fun and let everyone know who you are and what you do with this fun conversation starter. i have one tee similar for photogs that i always get comments on when i wear it. this is also good for those little budding artists you know. :-)
you can get this one on the front or back as you like.
dedicated to all the wonderful artist's at work here on rb
(2 sold september 7, 2012)
featured in The Designers Corner september 9, 2012
featured in Tots To Teens .. Tees, iphones, Stickers september 21, 2012
love this one
happy you do! ;-)
– dedmanshootn
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thanks much. loving the new ps
– dedmanshootn
– dedmanshootn
this is wonderful !!!!
happy you like thanks!
– dedmanshootn
fabulous design .. many congrats on the feature
wow! awesome! thanks! love the feature banner
– dedmanshootn
Congrats :) Great Tee design also in black :)
thanks. you're right
– dedmanshootn
Wear Your Art
28th Sept 2012 congrats
wow thanks! very honored
– dedmanshootn
– dedmanshootn


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I was created photo albums and uploaded lots of my photoa in photo.rediff.com. But not i am not able to access those photos. Plz help how can i restore those photos ?
Asked by Shrawan Sharma, 09 Sep '13 08:18 pm
Earn 10 points for answering
Answers (3)
Try laterAnswered by Quest, 10 Sep '13 02:23 pm
This happens, when Rediff server is down...better keep trying after sometime:-)Answered by Dil Se, 09 Sep '13 08:54 pm
Rediff Servers face lot of issues specially for free services. Better, use other services like flickrAnswered by Lucky, 09 Sep '13 08:22 pm


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Dr. Ibrahim A. Jawad, MD
Cardiovascular Disease, Associated Physicians Of Dearborn
- 4700 Greenfield Rd
Dearborn, MI 48126
- 1 Office Location
- (313) 945-6100
Dr. Ibrahim A. Jawad has been practicing medicine for 35 years. Dr. Jawad graduated from the American University of Beirut, Faculty of Medicine, Beirut, Lebanon in 1979. He practices medicine in Dearborn, MI and specializes in Cardiovascular Disease and Internal Medicine. Dr. Jawad is affiliated with Oakwood Hospital & Medical Center. He speaks Arabic, English and Spanish.
Gender: Male
Years in Practice: 35 Years
Languages Spoken: Arabic, English, Spanish
Medical School: American University of Beirut, Faculty of Medicine, Beirut, Lebanon
Graduation Date: 1979
Hospital Affiliations: Oakwood Hospital & Medical Center
Specialties: Cardiovascular Disease, Internal Medicine


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We're sorry but you can't collect Welcome Rewards® nights at this hotel
We do not have Hotels.com photos for this hotel.
The Saint Germain Des Pres is located in Saint Germain-des-Pres - Luxembourg (6), Paris, France
Situated in one of the Paris' most coveted positions, the hotel Saint-Germain des Pres provides a cool haven with a feel of a chic Paris pied a terre. Built in the 18th century as a gracious townhouse, the hotel retains many period details and original architectural features. Today the hotel is a landmark of unique character and 21st century timeless elegance. A choice of interesting people the world over.
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Rates displayed are for single or double occupancy per room per night based on the number of adults requested. Please note that extra people, children, rollaway beds and incidentals may be subject to additional charges at check-in.
Rates are subject to availability and may exclude additional taxes and charges imposed by the hotel. Some rates may require special identification.
We have included all charges provided to us by this hotel. However, charges can vary, for example, based on length of stay or the room you book.


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Inclement weather impacting local blood supply
Published On: Feb 06 2013 06:00:00 PM CST
Updated On: Feb 07 2013 05:05:03 PM CST
Updated On: Feb 07 2013 05:05:03 PM CST
The hit-and-miss snowstorms have not been good for business at the blood bank.
Winter typically brings a slowdown in donations because many donors have to fight off the flu or other illnesses.
Inclement weather only makes the situation worse.
It's certainly taking a toll on the supply at the Miller-Keystone Blood Center in Bern Twp., Berks Co.
"Right now, it is low. Inclement weather that's coming up like tomorrow, we did cancel some drives. It'll be hard for donors to get in," said Michele Zurawski.
If you'd like to schedule a donation or find blood drive near you, go to Miller-Keystone's website -- giveapint.org.
Copyright 2013 WFMZ. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.
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Family desperate for answers in search for missing woman
City's "ugly" Christmas tree causes controversy
Family's home still standing as gaping sinkhole remains open in front yard
Lehigh County animal shelter in dire need of food donations
Reading parting ways with 'ugly' Christmas tree
Construction worker struck by vehicle on turnpike
Balloon release marks one-year since Holly Grim's disappearance
WWII vet shoots wife, kills self, Allentown police say
Lafayette pounds Lehigh in 150th meeting, 27-7
State police seek missing Palmerton teen


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Most recent articles
Shooting Architecture and Cityscapes with the New Russar+ LensWith a versatile lens like the New Russar+ lens, there are so many shooting styles, subjects, and approaches you can try with your L39 and M mount cameras. This wide angle lens is perfect for taking architectural shots and documenting cityscapes, so we thought of sharing a handful of quick tips you can try with this new accessory!
Flower FestSpringtime is for flower photography. But how do you stand out in the sea of flower pics? Here are three tips for something different.
Pinhole Photography Basics in Five MinutesItching to go pinhole this month but quite familiar with the dos and don'ts? A fine art photographer who specializes in pinhole cameras comes to your rescue with a helpful five-minute clip telling you everything you need to know to get started on pinhole photography!
Create your very own pancake lens!And yes, we're really talking about those edible, glorious breakfast goodies that can make-you-get-out-of-bed-in-the-morning kind of pancakes.
Create your very own upsized film roll!Film Photography Day is just around the corner, so we're showing you how to pull all photographic stops to make it more memorable. This time, we're bringing you an upsized 35mm film roll for party decor!
Create your very own shoebox pinhole camera!World Pinhole Photography Day will be celebrated on April 27 this year and what better way to celebrate it than make a pinhole camera of your own? Check out this quick tipster to find out how.
Quick Tips for Street Photography with Lomo LC-A+Never taken your Lomo LC-A+ out for some serious street photography work? Arm yourself with these quick tips and be on your way to mastering the art of shooting away out in the streets!
Create your very own DIY 110 scanning mask!Want to save some cash when it comes to scanning your 110 films? Then scan your own films at home! All you need is a decent scanner and this DIY 110 film scanning mask.
Looking for a fun way project this coming Film Photography Day? Why not make a 360° camera hat!The Lomomatrix is a cool photography project that is oozing with analogue hits. Want to see its counterpart? Feast your eyes on this 360° camera hat.
Create your very own DIY film clips for your lab developing!The dark room is where the magic happens when it comes to developiong. And if you're doing your own developing, you're going to like this quick DIY film clip!
Develop your own black and white film at home with Tylenol!How cool is it to master a developing technique that's been around since 1891? Check out this tipster to find out!
When to Capture the Streets in ColorWhile I know that many prefer their street photos in black and white, I also think it's worth snapping the streets in color once in a while. Let me share with you some of the ways I see and capture the cities I go to in glorious technicolor in this simple tipster!
Getting the Frame right every timeI love my Diana, but framing can be trying at times, especially with the Instant Back which takes you 5cm away from the viewfinder peep hole. I found a way to make framing with the Diana more pleasant.
How to Organize a LomoMatrixFilm Photography Day is fast approaching, and one insanely cool way to join in on the festivities on April 12th is by organizing a LomoMatrix!
Tips On Taking Photos In MarketsHeading to the market soon? Aside from your grocery bags, why don't you take your camera for a spin?
How to keep your Petzval diaphragms in one place!This simple tip sorted this issue for me!
Broke? Cheapest photo frame for your instant photographs!Want to display your instant photos? Here's the cheapest and easiest way to display them!
How to make Bokeh Rabbits with your Petzval lens!Wanna make light blurs appears as rabbit ? Cool, right? Then read this!
★ Add some fun to your love getaway!Are you planning a romantic weekend with your boyfriend/girlfriend? Great! With this tipster you'll discover how to turn it in a perfect chance to get some nice nude shots!
Go Wide, Go Red: My First Steps into Redscale CountrySome things are just better off left alone. Well, I firmly believed that until I tried shooting with redscale film.


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Candles flicker inside the marble fireplace, sending droplets of light into the 1920s colonial revival?style home that houses Quintana?s Barber & Dream Spa. Hardwood floors and tan leather seating compose a warm color palette, and WiFi?installed by the ghost of the original architect?keeps busy guests connected. After appointment reminders land in their email inboxes, clients step into the earth-toned sanctuary for services ranging from basic mani-pedis and beard trims to all-day spa excursions. Guests choose services from a menu of massages, facials, waxing, and haircare, which can be combined into packages for individuals and couples.
Quintana's soothing sanctuary doesn't just speak for itself. Patrons banded together to vote the salon into CityVoter's top five for Best Massage, Barber, and Mani-Pedi in 2013. The spa's acclaim page also spotlights press recognition of Friendliest Staff, Best-Looking Storefront, and Most Helpful Combs.
Under the helm of skilled nail technician and owner Regina Kinsey, Polished Nail Salon's staff grooms hands and feet with manicures and pedicures for women and men alike. Throughout the day, the salon's experienced crew bustles about the space artfully positioning sculpted glass nails atop existing keratin beds and performing waterless manicures that gussy up hands without the hassles of coaxing each finger into a life jacket.
The trained hands at Abosede's Healing Touch navigate their way through tense and knotted muscles during massages. Appointments aim to alleviate aches and tension, decrease high blood pressure, and address sleep issues. A number of add-ons, including aromatherapy and shadow-puppet shows, further relax clients. Master Reiki Healer Tammie also offers Reiki healing sessions and teaches classes in Reiki, a Japanese technique for stress reduction and relaxation that also promotes healing.
Kim Rogers believes that loving others begins with loving and nurturing oneself. As the owner of OneIIOne Studio Spa, she helps her clients accomplish this through pampering and relaxation services. Rosemary-mint wraps exfoliate and hydrate skin as the natural essences help guests relax, whereas peppermint wraps firm and soothe skin. She also pampers guests with hot-stone facials and massages, along with waxing services and spa packages.
Cozy up on a fleece-covered heated massage table, lose yourself in the soothing music coming from the Beats by Dre headset you're given, and inhale the fragrances from lavender or chamomile massage lotions?then feel the stresses of the daily grind fall away like a hopscotch champion on a tightrope walk. And that's not even including the massage. At A Nu Touch Massage, Shelly's goal is to foster escape and relief. She does that with the aforementioned perks and her soothing massage treatments, which include Swedish/relaxation combination massages. Shelly is a certified massage therapist as well as a hairstylist, and so she facilitates inner and outer beauty from her cozy studio.


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Windows Daily Adviser is a rogue anti-spyware program that uses misleading methods to trick users into purchasing its full version. This rogue antispyware uses false scan results and fake security warnings to scare users into thinking that their computers are infected with spyware, adware and other malware that may cause serious damage to the system. All of detections are fake, and you should not delete the files detected or purchase full Windows Daily Adviser version.
Windows Daily Adviser is usually promoted through the use of Trojan downloaders, fake online virus scanners that display pop ups stating that your computer is infected and that you should download and run special "antivirus scanner" in order to clean your computer. This rogue program is also promoted via infected websites and spam emails. You shouldremove Windows Daily Adviser from your computer as soon as possible; otherwise you may end up with worse malware on your computer. The removal instructions below will show you how to get rid of this malware.
As a typical rogue security program, Windows Daily Adviser will display many fake security alerts and pop-ups from Windows Taskbar. Those alerts will claim that your computer is infected with spyware, adware and other types of malware. Please ignore those fake alerts.
Warning! Identity theft attempt Detected
Hidden connection IP: xxxxxxxxx
Target: Your passwords for sites
Firewall has blocked a program from accessing the Internet.
Windows Media Player Resources
C:\Windows\system32\dllcache\wmploc.dll is suspected to have infected your PC. This type of virus intercepts entered data and transmits them to a remote server.
Keylogger activity detected. System information security is at risk.
It is recommended to activate protection and run a full system scan.
As you can see, Windows Daily Adviser has only one goal -- to scare you into spending money on this rogue program to supposedly remove found malware. However, it's useles and should be removed from the system upon detection. To remove this malware from your computer, download and run a full system scan with malware removal software listed below.
The latest parasite names used by FakeVimes:
Windows Internet Guard, Windows Web Watchdog, Windows AntiBreach Patrol, Windows Antivirus Patrol, Windows Pro Defence Kit
QR is short for Quick Response. They can be read quickly by the mobile phones. QR codes can store more data than
standard barcodes, including url links, geo coordinates, and text.
The reason we add QR code to the website is that parasites like Windows Daily Adviser are really hard to remove on infected computer. you can quicly scan the QR code with your mobile device and have manual removal instructions to uninstall Windows Daily Adviser right in your pocket.
Simply use the QR scanner and read removal instructions from mobile device.
Information added: 2012-05-02 14:48
Information updated: 2012-08-02 02:41
Attention: Use this form only if you have additional information about Windows Daily Adviser parasite, its removal instructions, additional resources or behavior. By clicking "post comment" button you agree not to post any copyrighted, unlawful, harmful, threatening, abusive, harassing, defamatory, vulgar, obscene, profane, hateful, racially, ethnically or otherwise objectionable material of any kind.


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Posts from Baked Good
Recipe: Chocolate Truffle Shortbread Bars
Recipes from The Kitchn
Essential Holiday Recipe: The Best Cut-Out Sugar Cookies
Recipes from The Kitchn
There are a few recipes that we turn to every holiday season, and this buttery dreamboat of a sugar cookie is one of them. The dough is delicious and easy to work with, and it makes the most beautiful cookies; we even had a reader tell us it saved the day for her!
While many sugar cookie recipes are a little bland, and frustratingly inconsistent in their texture (too sticky to roll out one minute, tough the next) we feel that this one gets it just right. This is a firm dough that can be rolled and cut out more easily than Play-Doh, and yet it yields a meltingly delicious cookie, with notes of almond, vanilla, and lemon.
How To Freeze Cinnamon Rolls and Bake Them Later
Cooking Lessons from The Kitchn
It's unfair. Fresh, hot, from-scratch cinnamon buns are a beloved breakfast treat, especially on holidays like Christmas morning. Who doesn't want to wake up to the smell of cinnamon and caramelizing sugar, or stumble down to the kitchen to find fresh-from-the-oven, slathered-in-icing cinnamon buns, just waiting for you to dive in? But in order for those fresh, hot, from-scratch buns to make it out of the oven any time before noon, someone has to rise well before dawn in order to get the whole process rolling. Not very fun or fair for the breakfast cook!
Until now. Here is our method for how to par-bake and freeze your homemade buns in advance, allowing you to bake them off and ice them just in record time for a lovely breakfast.
How a Small Granola Company Preps for the Holidays
As any retailer or producer knows: it's that time of year. In fact, for many of us, that time of year has almost passed and we're more than ready for a deep glass of wine. While I've been writing for The Kitchn for a few wonderful years now, I also own a granola company here in Seattle and I thought it might be interesting to share our experience of ramping up, preparing, and kicking a little granola booty this holiday season.
Recipe: Sticky Toffee Pudding Sundaes
Recipes from The Kitchn
If you'd told me ten years ago that sticky toffee pudding was made with dates of all things, I would have told you I didn't like sticky toffee pudding, take it away. It took a few more years to figure out that toffee pudding doesn't actually taste like dates and even if it did, that dates are, in fact, quite amazing. Thank goodness my eyes (and stomach) saw the light: now the over-the-top English dessert remains at the top of my hedonistic hall of fame.
Recipe: Spicy Sticky Cinnamon Rolls with Cream Cheese Icing
Recipes from The Kitchn
I come from a generously-sized family, the sort that prompted wide eyes and under-the-breath counting from strangers who glimpsed our brood at the library or grocery store. I'll spare you the counting and say that I have five brothers and two sisters, so eight of us, plus parents, and now assorted spouses and in-laws. Christmas is an all-day affair for us, with stockings and enough presents to necessitate an intermission about halfway through unwrapping. But as we've grown up and gotten married, things have shifted; last year we did Christmas in the evening, instead of in the morning, and every holiday now has a marked absence of a sibling (or two) celebrating with someone else's family.
But there is one inviolable tradition that still binds our Christmases together, and that is my mother's cinnamon rolls.
How To Make Crunchy Biscotti Cookies
Cooking Lessons from The Kitchn
Once an obscure Italian cookie from Prato, biscotti are now a common addition to many cookie plates. Classically, the cookie is made with pine nuts and almonds, but it's possible to find all sorts of additions these days, from bacon and cornmeal to drizzles of chocolate, both dark and white. Usually, I like to stick to a simple almond biscotti — unless it's the holidays when I show no shame in pulling out the pistachios and cranberries. Really, basic biscotti like our recipe here can be tweaked to suit whatever you fancy!
5 Loaf Cakes & Quick Breads That Make Perfect Gifts
With all the tins of cookies and the pretty packages of homemade caramels and truffles that get passed around this time of year, I would like to put in a good word for the humble loaf cake. Here is a gift that keeps on giving: a slice for breakfast, a slice for afternoon snack, a slice before bedtime! Want a few recommendations for surefire gifting wins? Here are five of my personal favorites.
Why Is My Pizza Crust Flat and Hard?
Good Questions
Holiday Recipe: Cranberry Cake
Recipes from The Kitchn
While I can't claim credit for this recipe (I got it from a friend, who got it from another friend, and so it goes...,), it is known in these parts as "your cranberry cake." As my mother asked last week, "Are you bringing your cranberry cake to Thanksgiving?" And my sister said, "You better save some of your cranberry cake for me."
But it's not proprietary information. My cranberry cake can be your cranberry cake too.


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2015 Race dates and categories are out!
Full Series race dates are out for 2015:
Full Series sign ups available now only.
TRI-Factor Series 2014 Top 10 TF Points Leaders
2014 proved to be a year of new champions as both the male and female Series Champions were snatched up by 2 worthy participants, Kathyrn Heasner & Jasper Silkeborg! Here are your top 10 TF Point leaders!
Cross Corporate Challenge 2014
Does your company have an Active Sports Club? Need a new challenge to motivate your employees? Join us for the Cross Corporate Challenge at our Triathlon Race and stand a chance to be crowned Corporate Challenge Champions. Special discounts and packages available. Contact us via email at: firstname.lastname@example.com and our team will assist you further!
TOP 3 Corporate Company Challenge 2014
Strength in numbers! This year's CCC has a new Champion!
NIKE GLOBAL - 1st Place
Baggage Storage Services:
To facilitate shorter waiting times at the baggage counters during race days, participants will be required to purchase a baggage coupon during registration at $1 per tag per event. Do note that participants will not be allowed to store their belongings at the baggage station on event day without a baggage tag. (Baggage tags will be given at the baggage counter on-site)


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November 28, 2014
For the last century, the Antigo Fire Department has protected the city. Now the community says it's time to honor their heroes.
The celebration kicked off with a parade downtown. Antique Fire Wagons strolled down the avenue as retired firefighters saluted the crowd.
These brave guardians were humble as many people cheered when they drove by. The kids of course scrambled for the candy and were excited to see the big trucks. But for the most part the ceremony was very somber because the firefighter family leads a dangerous life.
Click Here to access the online Public Inspection File
Viewers with disabilities can get assistance accessing this station's FCC Public Inspection File by contacting the station with the information listed below. Questions or concerns relating to the accessibility of the FCC's online public file system should be directed to the FCC at 888-225-5322, 888-835-5322 (TTY), or email@example.com.


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Gun deer season opens Saturday
Tue, 11/18/2014 - 16:14 Vilas1
A deer herd that is still rebounding, early heavy snow and new rules leave much uncertainty for hunters when they take to northern forests for the start of the
The Phelps School music department recently presented Disney's "Beauty and the Beast Jr." to more than 200 attendees.
Due to a computer problem Tuesday afternoon, most content on this website will not be updated until Wednesday, Nov. 26, in the afternoon.
It's not uncommon for readers to contact me and share their thoughts. Their opinions can often be categorized one of two ways: Love or hate.
The Department of Natural Resources is dedicated to preserving and enhancing the natural resources and environment of Wisconsin.


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On Wednesday, Feb.20th, men who have experienced the death of someone in their lives are invited to attend a gathering for men only at the Harwood Place, 8220 Harwood Ave., Wauwatosa, from 6:00 – 8:00pm. For more information contact 262-524-4132 or e-mail firstname.lastname@example.com or visit www.churchandchapel.com
Men Journeying Through Grief is a gathering for men only who have experienced the death of a loved one, friend or co-worker and find themselves on the journey called grief. This FREE gathering will include a simple supper, sharing of grief information and area resources, as well as some discussion. Pete Reinl, Director of Grief Support Services for Church and Chapel Funeral Homes, Larry Uglow, Counselor for Stillwaters Cancer Support Services, and Patrick Monaghan will be the facilitators. For planning purposes pre-registration is appreciated (but not necessary) by calling 262-524-4132 or e-mail email@example.com.
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Winnipeg Free Press - PRINT EDITION
Perversion doesn't recognize holidays
Former NHLer Sheldon Kennedy was spot-on last week when he testified before a U.S. Senate committee about child sexual abuse.
"The abusers, the perpetrators, the pedophiles -- they like our ignorance as a society. They like our indifference."
Kennedy is an expert because he was, after all, a victim of his junior hockey coach, Graham James, who spent three years in the slammer for the sexual abuse that Kennedy has spent his life dealing with.
Two weeks ago, James pleaded guilty to other charges of abuse involving other players and will be sentenced in the new year.
As a Canadian victim, Kennedy didn't mince words as he cited the need for tough legislation and minimum sentences.
And it's coming, in the federal omnibus crime bill, in legislation critics increasingly malign, misrepresent and misinterpret.
It's not necessarily the high-profile cases of Kennedy or fellow NHLer Theo Fleury -- whom James also victimized -- that catalyzed the much-needed changes in the new chapter of law.
Six years ago, the then-Conservative Opposition grilled then-Liberal justice minister Irwin Cotler on a case that unfolded right under Parliament's nose. It centred on a 32-year-old Texan kiddie-pornographer who had travelled all the way from the Lone Star State to Ottawa after luring a youngster -- a 14-year-old boy -- for the sole purpose of having sex and making child porn.
The judge, the plea deal, the law -- take your pick -- all let us down. The perv was caught but slithered out of Canada after completing his sentence. And the sentence wasn't what it should have been. It wasn't even a month or a week. Nope. It was a single day.
Ironically, a press release from the House of Commons stated "this sexual predator will face tougher charges and penalties in Texas now that he has been deported."
Past Conservative criticism has been pointed. "Canada has become a destination for sex tourists who prey on our children by exploiting weak Liberal laws. We have repeatedly warned (Cotler) of the threat to our children."
Cotler said such commentary was "fear-mongering."
The Conservatives pointed to other cases to augment their position. One involved dozens of crimes. Another told of a man being implicated in more than 200 offences involving a child victim.
Eleni Bakopanos, former parliamentary secretary to the minister of justice, weakly replied to some of that criticism with a familiar ring as she wondered how children will be protected by "bringing out the most heinous cases, thus assuring there is fear-mongering in our society."
Most heinous? Fear-mongering? Interesting comments given that crimes like child pornography are way up -- 123 per cent since those words were spoken.
For those worried about the cost of locking these perverts away, think about the cost in Shaun Deacon's wake of abuse. Corrections officials say he's "the most difficult and litigious pedophile" they have ever encountered.
In the 1980s, he got seven years for assaulting four children between the ages of five and 13. That deal included the additional abduction and assault of one of the victims while he was out on bail. In the 1990s, he attacked an eight-year-old in the bathroom of a Dairy Queen. He got paroled and was caught in his halfway house with a 10-year-old. Back to jail for two years.
One expert stated if Deacon was "in the community unsupervised for half an hour, he'd reoffend."
So on release, the serial pedophile was slapped with a 10-year supervision order that required his being followed and watched 24/7. That's a pretty pricey option for the taxpayer.
He promised to stay away from Chuck E. Cheese restaurants and offered his guarantee of safe-showering (because, in his words, "lots of my offences happened around showering and bathing of young boys.").
Despite his pledge, Deacon's been bounced back into jail a couple of times since and as recently as two months ago he was still taking up the court's time complaining about the conditions imposed on him.
The omnibus legislation will set new mandatory minimum penalties for existing offences related to child sexual abuse. Penalties will be boosted for a host of abuse-based crimes, some of which currently call for a measly 14-day minimum. Sexual assault with a weapon of a person under 16 will bring a five-year minimum. Internet luring will net some offenders a one-year stay.
Perversion doesn't recognize holidays. Abused children will face more abuse over this holiday season.
Those kids don't want much for Christmas. Maybe a silent night, a respite from their darkness. They just want it to end. They need protection and security from what only some, like Sheldon Kennedy, can imagine.
Robert Marshall is a former
Winnipeg police detective.
Republished from the Winnipeg Free Press print edition December 24, 2011 I6
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Last month, I offered some tips on reducing the cost of remote communication, such as letters, e-mails and telephone calls. Meetings are another source of inflated communication costs. Make a list of all meetings you held last year.
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Demands for increasing the quota for differently abled under various schemes were made during the first-year general body meeting and anniversary of the Tiruchi District Welfare Association for Deaf (TDWAD) held in the city on Sunday.
Appeal for raising the quota for differently abled in sleeper classes in trains from two to six, providing free laptops for class X children of special schools, fixing the cut off for differently abled in ITIs at 35 per cent, accepting disability certificate as proof instead of medical certificate, and employment for teachers who have completed training in teaching for hearing and speech-impaired children, formed part of the demand.
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