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What you need to build your own computer
I've been really busy this month working with some awesome science writers! Because of that I haven't had much time for GIFs, but I did manage to fit in a non-moving infographic for this month's post.
This month I also replaced my 5-year old Mac with a custom PC, so I decided to make something with a computer theme. There's already tons of tutorials on the internet about building computers, so this poster's more of an illustrated list than an actual set of instructions.
It was really fun putting the computer together, and my new PC is awesome. I have dual monitors now, and I can finally run all of my design programs at the same time at max speed :)
But it was harder than I thought to set up a computer - kind of like Ikea furniture on extra hard mode. My boyfriend helped me out a lot, but it still took 5 hours because we forgot the motherboard spacers the first time around.
Anyway, thanks for putting up with the slow updates to this blog. This month has been really hectic and I'm looking forward to having the time to animate again. I do have something already in the works, so stay tuned for a science packed GIF for my next post.
Tabletop Whale's guide to making GIFs
Recently I've been getting a lot of emails asking for a tutorial on how to make animations. So this week I put together a quick explanation for anyone who's interested. I archived it as a link on the menu bar of my website, so it'll always be easy to find if you need it.
This is just a run-through of my own personal animation workflow, so it's not a definitive guide or anything. There are plenty of other ways to make animations in Photoshop and other programs.
I've never tried making a tutorial about my own work before, so sorry in advance if it's confusing! Let me know if there's anything I wrote that didn't make any sense. I'll try to fix it if I can (though I probably don't have room to go into detail about every single Photoshop function I mention).
An animated guide to breathing
As promised, this month's infographic is packed with actual science. I decided to illustrate how different animals breathe, and I picked three species that I thought were particularly awesome. The topic really lends itself to a short looped GIF so that was an added plus.
In other news, I'm getting my new computer this week! It's going to be awesome working on something that can have more than one heavy-duty application running at once. And to make things even better, it's almost Halloween. Have an awesome weekend guys :)
- Freeman, Scott. Biological Science, 4th Edition. San Francisco: Pearson Education Inc., 2011.
- Harrison, Jon. Ventilatory Mechanism and Control in Grasshoppers Amer. Zool., 37:73-81 (1997)
- Ritchison, Gary. Avian Respiration. Course materials for Ornithology 554/754


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Belleayre Mountain House Rental Photos and Description
4 and a half bedrooms, 3 bathrooms, sleeps 8
This lovely home nestled in the moutains with beautiful catskill views, is perfect for families or couples. Less than 2 miles from Belleayre Mountain, and less than a mile from Belleayre Beach. In the summer: hiking, fishing, biking and much more are just minutes away. Every wekeend, Belleayre hosts concerts to watch out under the stars.
The home, offers an eat in kitchen, with a perfect nook to read the morning paper, a full livng room with fireplace and another acitvity room with frieplace downstairs. Each room is appointed with Scandinavian and country flair. Internet access.
- Suitability:
- Long-term Renters Welcome
- children welcome
- non smoking only

subset: commoncrawl


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Lovely animals, they are in three colours, cream, dark cream and brown, good beef cattle.
Thank you Karen for the acceptance. Shirley
– EdsMum
This made me laugh…I love it!! Such a cute face~ Hugs, Peech
She was lovely and still to drop a calf, thanks Peech. Shirley
– EdsMum
i think cattle are great, this is a lovely pic!
Sorry I added reply below the comment but not in the box. Shirley
– EdsMum
Murray Grey and she gave birth two days later. Cute little cream calf..will change to the silver grey like his Mum….Shirley
He really is in your face, Shirley! Great capture of these beautiful animals ☺……….Chris
They are a beautiful cows, lovely breed. big and gentle, in chocolate brown, cream or silvery cream.. and also very inquisitive as you can see. Thank you Christopher for coming by and the fave, appreciate that very much. Shirley
– EdsMum
You definitely have her attention Shirley ~ lovely cow with gentle eyes ~ great capture!
Thank you so much Susie. she is a lovely cow and has beautiful calves…Shirley
– EdsMum
Awww… she's adorable…and a great capture !!! ☺♥
She is an adorable cow Evita, liked the camera. Shirley
– EdsMum
Fave is much appreciated. Shirley
– EdsMum
Awww,,so cute,,,,great capture!!
Thank you so much, she is a lovely old cow, has great young ones. Shirley
– EdsMum


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Best known to US audiences as the daily Broadway host of Sirius/XM radio,
he was also nominated for a Grammy Award for his recording of the
musical Hair and was also nominated for an Emmy for his writing on The Rosie O'Donnell Show.
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What Ebola and icebergs have in common
Today, Ebola is to the world what the iceberg was to Titanic, blogs Plan's West Africa Regional Director, Adama Coulibaly.
Encounters during the Ebola awareness campaign
Young people are taking action across West Africa to fight the Ebola outbreak. Saatah, a 16-year-old Plan volunteer from Liberia, blogs about her experiences in affected villages.
World rallies to stop Norway child bride's wedding
24/10/2014 (Norway, 1.15 mins)
See what happened when 12-year-old Thea - Norway's first child bride - went to her wedding this International Day of the Girl.
Ebola orphans of Liberia
24/10/2014 (Liberia, 4 mins)
Meet some of the children in Liberia who have been left orphaned by the deadly Ebola virus.
Meeting without touching - the new vogue of Ebola greetings
The necessity to prevent the spread of Ebola by not touching others has given rise to a new vogue – the Ebola greeting.


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My daughter and son-in-law just had a baby last week. We are thrilled. But we won't be able to see the baby or hold her any time soon. We won't be able to take over little gifts or help out with housework or babysitting.
Discuss the article on the Forums.
Your voice quality-- do you often get hoarse or are you unable to speak?
Discussion in 'Skeleton, Skin, Muscles, Hair, Teeth, and Nails' started by Sacajawea, Feb 26, 2010.
Page 2 of 2
Page 2 of 2


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Emily Goldstein
Emily Goldstein is a freshman at the University of Louisville in Louisville, Ky. She was one of 16 teens chosen from around the world to study polar bears in the Arctic, and since then she has been educating the people of Louisville about climate change. Emily created a website on which people have pledged to reduce almost 16 million pounds of carbon emissions of energy use. She has given talks on climate change to over 1,000 people and has convinced dozens of companies to recycle and change their energy-use policies. Emily is also on the advisory panel of the National Environmental Education Foundation (www.neefusa.org), and she plans to get a PhD in wildlife conservation.
|"...The reality is it is my son's body to do with as he chooses! ..."
- by reader This Chick
"...The sad part is nothing is made to last any more! You want to fix them up but there is no one to do so and you are told that it's just cheaper to buy a new one..."
- by reader Dale
"... Chair yoga is a relaxing cardio workout that gets you moving slowly with proper guidance and group support...."
- by reader Erin
- 10 brain games to play with your dog
- Stray dog follows adventure race team for 430 miles
- Help! I forgot to thaw the turkey
- 11 things humans do that dogs hate
- Why do butterflies and moths have such detailed wings?
- 5 mind-bending facts about dreams
- How the planets got their names
- 5 ways being thankful can improve your life
- 10 natural cough remedies
- Too beautiful to be real? 16 surreal landscapes found on Earth


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Akri of the Half Moon makes a gruesome discovery near his home on the high plains: a hunter, killed by a sword - the weapon of man slayers. Is this a sign that the shamans' warding against a long-dormant dark power is faltering? The lowlands mage Raffin Andelaran makes an unpleasant discovery of his own; seeking help from his guild, he finds corruption at its very heart. The peoples of the high plains and the lowlands face a threat both new and ancient that will… (more)
Publisher: Winterbourne Publishing (January 17, 2011)
Format: EPUB
File size: 374 KB
Protection: DRM
Language: English


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Tel: (718)963-9260
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BrooklynTalmud Torah Of Kasho
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(718)486-97040.1 mi | 319 students | Gr. PK-12
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(718)388-62010.1 mi | 744 students | Gr. PK-12
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BrooklynNuestros Ninos Child Development
384 S 4th Street
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(718)218-8275Daycare / Preschool0.2 mi | 42 students | Gr. PK-NS
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Updated October 26, 2014
What do you do when you are dissatisfied with your local public schools? Homeschool your children? Send them to private school? Let's look at your options.
Your religion matters to you. You want your child to attend a school which will combine academics and religious education. Here is an overview of what is available together with some links to denominational web sites.
Add things up and you'll quickly find the answer- math is crucial both in academics and the real world. By following these strategies and following personal training programs, students can uncover their weaknesses and conquer math.


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Quiz! How Well Do You Know the Hunger Games: Mockingjay Pt 1 Actors?
Are the odds in your favour?
Enter Now
Quiz! How Well Do You Know Your Mean Girls Quotes?
Take the quiz!
Download Your Taylor Swift Bingo Card and Start Playing Now!
Play now!
May 6th, 2011
Our favourite Grant High Schoolers are back and ready to entertain us while using the word 'sex' every three seconds! Adrian goes into bridezilla mode, Amy is bright green with jealously and Grace and Grant take their relationship to the next level. Find out what happened on this episode of Secret Life after the jump and don't miss a brand new episode every Monday night at 8 pm ET on MuchMusic!
*Spoilerrific alert! This blog post contains info on episode 5.4. You can watch the episode hurre!
Episode 5.3 Recap
Episode 5.2 Recap
Episode 5.1 Recap
Tags: recap, Secret Life, The Secret Life of the American Teenager
Posted on Friday, May 6th, 2011 at 12:00 pm by Allison and is filed under Blog.Tweet


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This page provides an overview of the key information related to Minnesota attorney registration and searching official databases of Minnesota attorneys. Minnesota attorney registration is handled by the Minnesota Lawyer Registration Office, a branch of the Minnesota Courts: Minnesota Lawyer Registration Office Minnesota Judicial Center 25 Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Blvd. St. Paul, MN 55155... Read More →
Five thought-leaders were selected to present to 150 Minnesota CEOs and company owners at the 2014 Minnesota CEO & Business Owner Conference. Each presenter was asked to give a Ted Talks styled presentation, on a single topic of direct relevance to CEOs, for 15 minutes or less. Each presenter was selected based on a reputation for being... Read More →
Here is an interesting development in the law involving companies using arbitration contract provisions to avoid small claims that could only be affordable to litigate in a class action. This article begins by explaining that arbitration clauses often amount to waiving the right to sue, under circumstances where class actions are the only affordable option,... Read More →
When was the last time you spent thousands of dollars with someone before you got to know them and knew they could help with your problem? If you are like most people, you need at least a few minutes with a professional before deciding to hire her. It should be no surprise that your clients... Read More →


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This paper investigates the design considerations of a new hybrid excitation synchronous machine (HESM), which is characterized by magnetic shunt rotor and brushless field excitation. First, the basic constraints of flux control capability are discussed and deduced. Then the influence of some key structural parameters on flux control capability of the HESM is investigated by using equivalent magnetic circuits. The influence of permanent magnet width is further studied and verified by 3-D finite element analysis. A prototype HESM with magnetic shunt rotor is designed and developed. The experimental results show the satisfactory output performance, especially the significant sinusoidal EMF waveforms of the machine, and also verify the influence of air-gap variation on flux control capability of the HESM.
A not-for-profit organization, IEEE is the world's largest professional association for the advancement of technology.© Copyright 2014 IEEE - All rights reserved. Use of this web site signifies your agreement to the terms and conditions.


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Sree Sakthi Paper Mills has submitted a copy of the minutes of the 23rd Annual General Meeting of the members of the Company held on September 30, 201...
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Animal Shapes
Can you tell which animal goes with which shadow? This animal match-up is a fun way to teach your little one about the different animals! Plus she'll practice sorting, finding patterns and learning some animal shapes.
Topics: Preschool, Shapes, Sorting & Categorizing
Updated on Dec 6, 2011
This Weeks Deals
FREE Shipping on Orders over $50


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Excellent price. Excellent service. Great benifit for people who lives in US and Canada. I happen to live in Canada so I get free shipping from MJM....Read More ->
I've ordered several things from MJM Magic and have been more than happy with the service. Orders are sent quickly even using the free shipping. The...Read More ->


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What to Watch: This Weekend, Tune In to Thanksgiving at Bobby's and Learn Recipes from Food Network Chefsby Caitlyn Callegari in Shows, November 21st, 2014
There's only one weekend left until Thanksgiving. And what better way to celebrate than with Iron Chef Bobby Flay and his talented friends and Food Network chefs Katie Lee, Alex Guarnaschelli, Michael Symon and Sunny Anderson? And, in addition to Bobby's holiday feast, get deliciously inventive recipes from Guy's Big Bite, Southern at Heart and Farmhouse Rules for delights like Tomahawk Chops with Tomatillo and Green Tomato Chow Chow, Acorn Squash Stuffed with Sausage, Barley and Goat Cheese and Cheesy Potato Gratin.
Be sure to tune in to Guy's Grocery Games, Holiday Baking Championship and Cutthroat Kitchen, where the competition isn't letting up just because it's a heartfelt holiday time. In fact, the rivalries might have gotten even more intense.


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Human rights campaigners and the National Secular Society are urging the United Kingdom government to turn down a request by Bishop David Oyedepo's church, Winners' Chapel International, accused of linking poor discipline to witchcraft, to open an independent school in Kent. 442 more words
Tags » Academic Degree
10 Modern Child Prodigies
Most of us aspire to reach excellence in our fields. Some of us reach the peak of our careers during adulthood, but some are so talented and skilled during childhood that they are comparable or even superior to adults. 1,002 more words


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It Is Rare For An Hiv Negative Man To Get Hiv From Vaginal Sex
Here's a taste of what TheBody.com has to offer on this topic:
Ask the Experts
MAN HAVING VAGINAL SEX WEARING A CONDOMHi I have had only one sex parter in my entire life (my wife) that was until yesterday when I had cassual sex with an old girlfiend (vaginal oral). I weared a comdom an used in the proper way. and I received a 10 seconds unprotected blow job until I...
Response from Shannon Southall
Rocky Mountain CARESHiFirst, breathe! yes you put yourself at risk, but......Oral sex carries the lowest risk of HIV transmission. Protected vaginal sex carries a very low risk of transmission as well. It is difficult for women to transmit the virus to men, though it... Read more »
woman with herpes/moment of non-protected vaginal sex with hiv+ manHi, I scoured your the previously posed questions but didn't find a situation like mine. I... Read more »
Sex life and aids (HIV TRANSMISSION BETWEEN TWO HIV NEGATIVES) (HIV FROM TWO HIV NEGATIVES)Can you get aids from any type of sex, such as fingering, oral, or actual sex, if you and your... Read more »
London's Guardian Examines Possible Transmission Route of Rare HIV Strain Detected in New York City ManA New York City man with a highly drug-resistant strain of HIV might have contracted the virus in a bathhouse from two Connecticut men who have been treated for drug-resistant HIV by Dr. Gary Blick of Norwalk, Conn., London's Guardian reports... Read more »
Getting Pregnant: HIV-Positive Woman and HIV-Negative Man (Serodiscordant)There are several different options for reducing the chances of passing on HIV while trying to get pregnant. If you are an HIV+ woman and an HIV-negative man seeking information on getting pregnant, the options below will help you understand what... Read more »
Getting Pregnant: HIV-Positive Man and HIV-Negative Woman (Serodiscordant)There are several different options for reducing the chances of passing on HIV while trying to get pregnant. If you are an HIV+ man and an HIV-negative woman seeking information on getting pregnant, the options below will help you understand what... Read more »
Men Who Have Sex With Men in Shenzhen, China, Rarely Use Condoms to Prevent Spread of HIVOnly 20% of men who have sex with men in Shenzhen, China, use condoms each time they have sex, according to a survey conducted by the Shenzhen Disease Prevention and Control Centre, the South China Morning Post reports. Shenzhen -- a town in... Read more »
Connect With Others
HIV Window after having unprotected vaginal sex.
Posted by Nelson44, 1 ReplyHi Folks,
I hope I can explain my situation to be best of my abilities.
I dated a woman for 5 months. After 8 weeks of dating we got tested for HIV and STD's and everything came out negative. She told me that her last sexual encounter prior to our... Read more »
HIV neg woman sex with AIDS infected man
Posted by Anonymous, 1 ReplyI have a question that may sound stupid...I am an HIV neg female who had sex with my really close friend who has progressed to AIDS. I used a female condom and he used a condom as well. This is the second time this has happened and I have been... Read more »
Rare Strain???
Posted by Anonymous, 3 RepliesWhat is your opinion? Following intercourse (unprotected insertive vaginal) with a sex worker in the Philippines in July, 2002 I experiences a flu-like illness 3 weeks later. Most symptoms subsided in a week or so, some lasted a longer. ... Read more »
Vaginal Oral Sex - Gman?
Posted by Anonymous, 2 RepliesI have a question of eating a women out till she came in my mouth, what are the statics for vaginal oral sex? I would love an expert to answer, been feeling rather ill and at the 90 day window now. thanks
Read more »
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Professional reviews have copyrights and you can view them here for your personal use only as private content. To view pro reviews you must either subscribe to a pre-integrated publication or manually enter reviews. Learn more.Manage Subscriptions
2010 Babcock Cabernet Sauvignon Block 15
Cabernet Sauvignon
- > California
- > Central Coast
- > Santa Ynez Valley
Community Tasting Notes 4
kmoloo Does not like this wine: (85 points)
March 10, 2014 - barely any fruit on the nose, dark spiced wood and damp earth. palate was soft, with dark black fruit and a quick finish. not my favorite, this may need more time in the bottle.
Justin Bray wrote:
May 8, 2013 - Black currant with a bit of vanilla. Medium bodied, balanced and with an earthy finish.
Lee Fining wrote: (88 points)
February 17, 2013 - Medium red wine. Moderate dark fruit nose. Light fruit flavors with a noticable presence of stems.
PIntag wrote: (89 points)
August 11, 2012 - Santa Ynez Valley Tasting Trip - Day 2 (Babcock, Foxen, Koehler, Brander) (Santa Ynez Valley, CA): $??. This was a special sneak peek wine, which won't be released until next year. Nose showed some nice traditional Cali Cab character. On the ripe side, with a little vanilla and again, some distinguishable Cab character. A little bit round and easy drinking for my palate, but enjoyable nonetheless.
Pro Reviews 0
- No pro reviews found.
Wine Definition
- Vintage 2010
- Type Red
- Producer Babcock
- Varietal Cabernet Sauvignon
- Designation Block 15
- Vineyard n/a
- Country USA
- Region California
- SubRegion Central Coast
- Appellation Santa Ynez Valley
Community Holdings
- Pending Delivery 0 (0%)
- In Cellars 81 (79%)
- Consumed 21 (21%)


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CONTEST!!Hello guys!
I already told you about it; I am holding a new contest for all type of artist, and when I say all type of artist, I mean ALL TYPE OF ARTIST!!
Since I know it's really hard to pick a winner when there is also literature, and it could become an unfair voting in a competition, I'll divide it into categories, and in each category there will be a winner, with prizes of course!
THEME: inspire yourself with my photography
What I mean with this is that if you're a drawer (for example) you can either draw one of my pictures or create a new one that has been inspired by any of my pictures. This works for traditional/digital painting and literature.
IN PHOTOGRAPHY AND PHOTOMANIPULATION: this will be different. I will give you a theme, and you will do something with it. They will have to be human portraits.
- The theme is: LUST
The contest will be divided in three:
traditional and digital drawing/painti
Mulan & PotC Photoshoot + Clinique PaintingDisney Cosplay Shoot!
These pictures were from June last year I'M SORRYYYYY
First time we wore our our Disney cosplays was for Toycon 2011:
The weekend after, a few of us got together to do a studio shoot because we were just excited, and I wanted to finally try out a pseudo movie poster photo treatment for cosplay photos. It was definitely a challenge. But it made me really happy to show my friends how the final images turned out.
Test shot on Miguel merkymerx before he wore his Jack wig
Erving taking a REFLECTION SELF-PORTRAIT FACEBOOK DISPLAY PIC stlye photo halfway through putting on his Shan Yu costume
This is what the setup was for merkymerx Miguel's Captain Jack portrait. I edited the rope in. He was actually holding this stick held up by Dom Weakman. I made sure his pose was right, and that all the details were arranged and lit up properly while Erving adjusted the light settings a
RehabGerard glared out the window of the fast-moving vehicle, his converse clad feet resting on the dashboard, his sleeve-covered arms crossed over his chest. He could tell the silence was making his mother uncomfortable, but he was too pissed off to care. The tension between the two grew stronger as they travelled down the never-ending asphalt road.
"Gerard, honey, you know I love you." his mother said at last, her eyes never leaving the road. Gerard bit the inside of his cheek as he fought to stay silent, the anger boiling deep within the pit of his stomach and rising slowly. "We all love you; me, Michael, Grandma. The whole family." she continued. "That's why I'm taking you here. It's for your own good." Gerard whipped his head toward her, angry hazel eyes piercing into the side of her face. "You don't know what's good for me!" he snapped. "I was fuckin' fine until you stepped in!" "You aren't fine, Gerard. You're sawing on your own arm, taking drugs every other night and sneaking out to
PrUK- Our StoryI've been in love with Arthur ever since I was in my senior year. I got self-conscious around him, and I felt a bit protective around him. At first I thought that maybe I just developed an older brother complex around him, but I felt like I wanted to do things with him that I wouldn't even think about doing with my younger bruder. Was it normal to get hard when you're around one of your best friends? I talked about it to Francis but I didn't tell him that it was Arthur- and he said that I might be in love with him.
So, with that piece of information, I made it my goal to make him mine. However, it's easier said than done. You see, I might have had some competition for Arthur. Not only did he have that really annoying American, he was also rumoured to be going out with Kiku. Although he usually denies those rumours, you can never be too sure.
So, in order to win his heart over any of the other buffoons who even think for a split second that they were a match for the awesome me, I
Confusion 4 - A GerIta Story I love dreaming of Doit-su, he is always nicer in my dreams. He eats my pasta and smiles more and helps me find really cute girls. Nothing like him when he wakes up though, he is all serious and "WAKE UP NOW ITALY". I don't understand why he has to always wake up so early, not everything needs to be done at eight in the morning. Plus, why does he have to wake me up? Why can't he do whatever by himself and not bother me? I would like him a lot more if he let me sleep once and a while. I love Germany but, not when he is being stupid.
"Go away," I mumbled, shoving my face deeper into the pillow I was squeezing, "I am tired."
"Stop being lazy and get out of my bed."
"But, I'm comfy," I whine, turning my head to Germany and pouting, "I don't want to move!"
"I do not care what you want," he rolled his eyes, pushing me with his foot off of the bed, "Get off my bed and get up."
"NO!" I yell, stubbornly gripping the head board as the rest of my bo
Sweden x Finland RequestHetalia One Shot
Sweden looked around his home. Finland was in the kitchen. He'd never forget the look on Finland's face when he'd called him his wife. To tell the truth it kind of hurt Sweden. The look of fear and shock was unmistakable. Of course, Sweden never let his feelings show.
Sighing he looked at the book he was reading. Really he'd just stared at the same page for twenty minutes, thinking about other things. Mainly Finland. He looked up as soon as the clock on his wall dinged, showing it was seven in the evening.
"Dinner is ready, Sweden," Finland mumbled from the door. Sweden nodded and stood up, casting the book to the side table. Following Finland into the dining room, he smiled at Finland's 'Kiss the Cook' apron.
Wishing that he really could kiss the cook, he refrained himself. He wasn't sure if Finland felt the same way for him. His love might be unrequited. Sitting, he let himself sink into the chair slightly. They ate in silence as usual. Finland was terrified he'd say
Introduction to Polymer ClayPolymer clay is a modeling compound consisting mainly of polymer polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and plasticizes to make it pliable. As you can see it's easy to define polymer clay, but there's no possible way to describe all the variety of things that can be achieved with it.
Fox Fairy 05 ooak by Rosen-Garden The Scotsman2 by Renellesdolls
Sushi Prep by WaterGleam Egg and Bacon by fairchildart Cake Making Miniature by vesssper
In this article I will recollect some of the best resources and guide you through the basics of polymer clay, if there's anything I didn't cover here please don't hesitate to leave a question, I'm sure me or other polymer clay enthusiasts will be happy to help you
I will be referring to polymer clay as it's my medium of choice and expertise, but many of these resources can be used for other kinds of clay. You can even make yo
Alice X. Z. - Living Rainbow Taking Flight
Living Rainbow Taking Flight
by techgnotic
The vibrant digital paintings of alicexz are fiery, emotional, and incredibly memorable.
The colors of her creations (mostly portraits of popular TV and Film characters) are unusually vibrant, which is remarkable considering how layered they appear to be. It's sort of like what manga characters might look like if painted by one of the Dutch Masters. And this artist exhibits just the right amount of quirkiness to leave us wanting to know more: she has a penchant for painting redheads. But, then of course, there's a lot of red and golden fire burning through most her artworks.
Interested in Dreamworks? Lighting ResourceSo I attended a talk by Bert Poole - He's currently serving as a CG Supervisor on their new movie "The Croods" scheduled for release in March 2013. His most recent movie, you all know of is How to Train Your Dragon, where he was also a CG Supervisor. If you don't know what that means, that means he worked on lighting C: What I'm putting below is from notes I took during his lecture.
His job is to take the directors vision and make the movie look like it. He's making compositions and helping the story to better read. If you've ever talked to me on DA for three or more posts, you might have heard me blab about my major and what I'd like to do. I'd like to do into Lighting, animation second. I just don't feel my skills are as suited for animation, even though I really enjoy it.
Before they start lighting, they work on color Keys
Color Keys are painted works that are used to indicate:
time of day
Key/Fill ratio
Key/Fill color
Hard/Soft light
When you're lighting a piece in
A Brief History of TypographyA Brief History of Typography
A little insight into the history of not only Typography, but also of written language. This article will be far from covering it all, but focuses on highlighting some of the major events and periods in the history of Typography.
From the Greek roots τύπος typos = "impression" and -γραφία -graphia = "writing".
~ 30th Century BC – 200 AD
Or "Script of Nails / Cuneiform Script" is probably the oldest form of written text. This calligraphic form of writing was carved into clay tablets.
The Latin Alphabet
~ 800 BC – present
This is the basic alphabet used in all Western languages. The Romans based it among others
PE: The Critique Survey!Hi Everyone!
From the 16th of January, I will be hosting Project Educate on critique! As part of this I would like some opinions please and some thoughts about critique. You do not have to answer all these questions as a Q & A, but this is an open chance to share your thoughts and suggestions/advice on critique and critique on deviantART.
I will be using the comments here as references within the critique week as sources of opinion and advice, so please try not to restrict to one word answers. Thank you in advance, I really appreciate your contributions!
The Questions
1. Do you put your art work up in hope of obtaining critique?
2. Do you actively seek critique on deviantART?
3. How do you approach achieving critique on your work?
4. Can you share an experience when you've received critique and how you have reacted/taken action following the critique?
5. Have you ever received a critique you didn't agree with- how did
Tapastic Winterfest!The winter holidays are quickly approaching and Tapastic wants to celebrate with you! Join our winter-themed contest for a chance to show your creativity, have fun, and win prizes. Don't forget to join our group or watch us for notifications of future Tapastic events and contests! (:
We are challenging you to create a minimum one panel visual story (ie. comic or manga) based on your own interpretation of these three words: fool, façade and clockwork. Because winning entries will have the chance to be displayed on our website, we ask that all artwork submitted to have a width of 780 px or be subject to picture cropping. There is no height restriction.
The top THREE ENTRIES will receive the following:
❖ One year premium membership OR the equivalent in points
❖ Entry and artist feature in this club
❖ Entry feature on the homepage of Tapastic.com
❖ A black and wh
Project Educate: Typography - Wrap UpProject Educate: Typography – Wrap Up
Thanks to everyone who faved the articles, commented and supported this week of projecteducate!
I had lots of fun putting it all together, finding beautiful artworks and interviewing amazing artists
I will, of course, continue posting articles, feature and interviews If you have suggestions for that, you are very welcome to note me about it
This is the official overview of the events taking place this week in projecteducate during Typography Week! That's right, a whole week all about Typography
I am your friendly neighbourhood Community Volunteer for Text & Typography and hope to spread some of the love for Typography in all its shape and forms all over deviantART!
Btw, you can send me Daily Deviation Suggestions and always ask me whenever you hav
Childhood Memories Contest!Childhood Memories Contest!
A contest to bring together Traditional Art and Artisan Crafts!
Part One - Traditional Artists
Your challenge is to remember a cherished childhood memory you have, whether it's a much loved toy, a holiday with grandparents, a blankie or
jumper, the feeling of freedom or the smell of baking - whatever you
associate with your childhood!
You are going to get this memory down in art form, draw it, paint it, make
it into a collage, scratch it into metal whatever your chosen art-form is!
You will have one month to submit your entry. So on the 30th April this art will end.
When the contest ends on May 30th, the Artisan Crafts CV's will pick their favourites from the traditional entries.
Part Two - Artisan Crafters
Your challenge is to take one of the traditional images and re-create it!
This may
The Man Who Didn't Know He'd Lost His MindEels, The Man Who Didn't Know He'd Lost His Mind
>>> http://grooveshark.com/s/The+Man+Who+Didn+t+Know+He+d+Lost+His+Mind/3nJwDf?src=5
American Comics, Manga...AND WAR!This is a major turning point in the history of comics, World War II. This period of time not only changed comics as we knew them, but also other areas in graphics such as propaganda posters. Now mid to late 1930's we've seen the birth of the modern comic book. Due to the war as well we're also now seeing the birth of war comics. An obvious example of this as I'm sure many of you have already guessed is Captain America Comics in 1941 (before American involvement in the war). Captain America was created by Joe Simon and Jack Kirby who worked for Timely Comics, which of course has now become Marvel Comics. He gained amazing popularity and is often fighting the Axis powers in World War II.
Around this time in Japan has been rebuilding itself, its political and economic infrastructure was changing. Whilst American occupation disallowed art or published material that glorified war or the Japanese military. This policy though didn't block th
On Shadow and LightThe following material is also coming to you from Birgitte-Gustavsen:
Tips and pointers on Shadow and Light
- Light areas of an image are where our eyes are first attracted. You can use this to focus your viewers' attention to what you feel is the most important part of your image. You can also move a natural focus, like faces, figures and animals out of the light, but keep in mind that makes it more about the general mood of an image or whatever else gets the spotlight than portraiture or character study.
- If you have trouble keeping your light source in mind all the time, make a layer for circles placed where you imagine your light source to be. If it's outside of the frame, extend your canvas enough to cover it, and just cut it down to the right size again when you no longer need the visual aid. If it's traditional a light mark will serve just as good, and if it's outside the paper/canvas you can make directional lines instead.
- Again making thumbnai
|Sta.sh Submit


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The audacity of nope: Obama threatens veto of corporate tax giveaways
Spurning GOP and members of his own party, Obama assails package as riddled with corporate welfareWednesday, Nov 26, 2014 3:41 PM UTC 0
Politics Barack Obama, Taxes, tax policy
Spurning GOP and members of his own party, Obama assails package as riddled with corporate welfareWednesday, Nov 26, 2014 3:41 PM UTC 0
GOP leaders are trying to determine how best to express rage at King Obama. Some options are funnier than othersTuesday, Nov 25, 2014 7:12 PM UTC 0
Here are Republicans' various options for retaliating against Obama's Royal Amnesty -- along with pros and consMonday, Nov 24, 2014 5:02 PM UTC 0
Obama is still urging Congress to "pass a bill." They may -- just not in any way the sort of bill he wants!Monday, Nov 24, 2014 3:53 PM UTC 0
This isn't your old-fashioned "Schoolhouse Rock" VIDEOSunday, Nov 23, 2014 2:50 PM UTC 0
As Congress gets richer and richer, research proves that it's leaving the rest of us behindSaturday, Nov 22, 2014 11:30 AM UTC 0
Kentucky's half-term Republican senator fancies himself the greatest "defender of minority rights in the Congress"Thursday, Nov 20, 2014 7:19 PM UTC 0
If Republicans don't take any legislative action, they'll blame Obama for hurting their feelings. Spare usWednesday, Nov 19, 2014 5:12 PM UTC 0
The senator believes his party needs to develop an "environmental policy." This is unlikely!Tuesday, Nov 18, 2014 7:23 PM UTC 0
The Senate will vote on the measure on TuesdayFriday, Nov 14, 2014 6:44 PM UTC 0
McConnell and Boehner want to stop Obama's executive action -- but not risk a shutdown. How will they play this?Friday, Nov 14, 2014 6:25 PM UTC 0
"Just like when you try to murder someone 50 times, and it doesn't work so you buy them a gym membership" VIDEOFriday, Nov 14, 2014 3:21 PM UTC 0
The House minority leader called out a reporter for perpetuating a double standard for women in positions of power VIDEOThursday, Nov 13, 2014 7:20 PM UTC 0
An announcement could come next weekThursday, Nov 13, 2014 5:56 PM UTC 0
Dems may be content to win every other election cycle -- but here's a long-term plan that could change everythingThursday, Nov 13, 2014 11:59 AM UTC 0
Sen. Ron Johnson is introducing some immigration bill? Well this complicates the "poison well" chatterWednesday, Nov 12, 2014 5:00 PM UTC 0
Page 1 of 22 in Congress


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Houzz is the new way to design your home.
Sue Palmer
November 6, 2011 in Photo Questions
What is the brand and paint color of the walls? Thanks.
by LDa Architecture & Interiors · More Info
DeCocco Design
Ben Moore's Windham Cream/HC-6 looks a lot like this. Remember that yellows often look a bit more intense on the wall than on the chip.
2 Likes November 7, 2011 at 5:57AM
Ronique Gibson
Little dipper - 324 by Benjamin Moore is similar:
Leanne Bobee
Can you tell me the measurements of this?
1 Like August 31, 2012 at 10:54AM
I would love to know the exact color.
4 Likes February 2, 2013 at 6:47AM


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Welcome to the official site of Television's most popular and well known psychic medium, Mr Colin Fry. Further to the success of 6ixth Sense, which is screened on LIVING tv and two series of psychic private eyes on CBS Reality, where you can also see his most recent UK series, 'Colin Fry Live' Colin has now reached a worldwide audience of over 16 million regular viewers and demonstrates his mediumship internationally. In 2010 Colin made another series in Norway 'Den Andre Siden'
International Spiritualist Medium Rev. Colin Fry
Billettinformasjon finner du på: www.colinfry.no
Televisions Most Popular Spiritualist Medium, Rev. Colin Fry, The Peoples Medium
Psychic News Magazine
I am very pleased to bring you this exclusive offer of 30% discount when you subscribe to the monthly magazine, Psychic News.
This popular psychic magazine is crammed with fabulous interesting articles, news and teachings from a variety of psychic mediums.
I personally receive a copy every month and I also sell monthly issue along with my merchandise on tour.
Click on the magazine for more details.


text:
Town Square
Beyond the Bell Flag Football Tournament
Original post made by Diane, Old Mountain View, on May 18, 2009
Beyond the Bell after school program coordinates flag football tournament to students after school
With obesity and lack of physical activity on the rise amongst youth, the Beyond the Bell after school program strives to provide positive physical activities to it's participants. The collaborative after school program between the City of Mountain View and the Mountain View Whisman School District will be hosting it's 2nd annual flag football tournament on Thursday, May 28, 2009. The tournament encourages students to participate in physical fitness activities, and increases their positive identity. Over 250 Mountain View elementary school students, and their families, will participate in the tournament. Beyond the Bell invites the community to attend this annual event and support our after school programs!
Beyond the Bell Flag Football Tournament
When: Thursday, May 28, 2009
Time: 3:00 pm 5:15 pm
Where: Stevenson Park (on the Theuerkauf School campus)
For more information, contact Diane Pasana, Recreation Coordinator, at (650) 903-6402.
Don't miss out on the discussion!
Sign up to be notified of new comments on this topic.
Don't fund the rape culture at my alma mater
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By Steve Levy | 18 comments | 1,572 views
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News from WTOP
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Search Tags: contracting
Multiyear contract is a big boon to Boeing
The Navy strikes a deal to lump together all the fighter jets it plans to purchase over the next several years into a single large buy, in a victory for aerospace giant Boeing. Dr. Jacques Gansler, former undersecretary of Defense for Acquisition, Technology and Logistics, explains.
Tags: Federal Drive , Boeing , Lockheed , Navy , DoD , acquisition , multiyear contract , Jacques Gansler , technology , UMd
Crime Friendly ISP Offline
P2P networks a treasure trove of leaked health care data, study finds; DHS contracts immixGroup to support C3
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Part 2: Unique needs, high fees propel increases in agencywide contracts
DHS, VA say they need their own multiple award contracts because they want vendors who are familiar with their processes and requirements. Others say agencies want the "glory" of running large procurements and are unhappy with GSA's fees. GSA is trying to address the perception of poor customer service as a way to bring more agencies into the fold.
Tags: Ed O'Hare , Soraya Correa , Iris Cooper , Martha Johnson , GSA , DHS , VA , DoD , Jim Williams , Alan Chvotkin , Professional Services Council , Multiple award contracts , GWACs , Alliant , T4 , EAGLE , Ed O
Are there too many contracts out there?
Rob Burton of Venable helps us answer that question, and tells us about a new program for small businesses.
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What's available for veteran-owned small businesses
Amtower interviews James Lloyd, Program Director for the Veteran-Owned/Service Disabled Program at the US Army Office of Small Business Programs.
May 17, 2010
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Opportunities grow for cyber contractors
A cutting-edge forum addresses public-private partnerships, R&D innovations, and contracting opportunities to protect our country's cyber infrastructure. CyberSecurity Seminars CEO Tom Billington has details.
Tags: Federal Drive , Cybersecurity Update , cybersecurity , R&D , CyberSecurity Seminars , Tom Billington
Google and SBA offer big tips for small business
The "Tools for Online Success" site features tutorials, video testimonials, and tips from savvy small business people who have leveraged the web to become more efficient, more cost-effective, and more successful. Joe Zepecki, deputy assistant administrator for communications at the SBA explains.
Tags: Federal Drive , Google , SBA , technology ,
CDC cuts red tape and wins awards doing it
We meet the CDC fed awarded for her "spirit of innovation and get it done' mindset" - Nancy Norton, a contracting officer and team leader for the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Procurement and Grants Office.
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DHS' winning ways in procurement
Director of the Office of Procurement Operations at the Homeland Security Department, Soraya Correa has 28 years of experience in procurement, federal assistance, and acquisitions management... and now, an Acquisition Excellence Award!
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Industry Chatter: Lisa Mascolo of Accenture
The concept of doing "even more with even less" is a step beyond "doing more with less." Lisa Mascolo of Accenture has some ideas for doing it.
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Aralkylamines of the formula:
R1 is a phenyl substituted by one of:
(I) alkyls,
(II) halo and
(III) nitro;
R2 is
(IV) alkyl having from 4 to 10 carbon atoms, four of which are in one chain,
(V) alkyl interrupted by an oxygen atom, i.e. an alkoxyalkyl or ether radical, or
(VI) hydroxyalkyl wherein the alkyl is either (IV) or (V) and the hydroxy is the sole substituent;
R3 is a hydrogen atom, alkyl having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms or such alkyl substituted by a dialkylphosphinyl group;
a physiologically-compatible acid-addition salt thereof and a pharmaceutical composition containing such compound(s) as active ingredient(s) are valuable in view of the physiological activity, e.g. vasotonic, capillary sealing and antiarrhythmic, of the aralkylamines and their physiologically-compatible acid-addition salts.
1. A pharmaceutical composition having vasotonia-regulating activity and comprising as active ingredient, in association with a pharmaceutical carrier or excipient, an effective amount of aralkylamine of the formula:
R1 is substituted phenyl, substitution of which is by: three or four alkyls, each having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms; the alkyls having a total of at most 6 carbon atoms, and any p-alkyl being separated from any other alkyl by a vacant m-position; 3,6-dialkyl, one alkyl having 4 carbon atoms, and the alkyls having a total of at most 6 carbon atoms; one bromine atom; or one nitro radical;
(a) has from 4 to 10 carbon atoms,
(b) is branched in the β-position (with reference to the nitrogen atom) only when there is also chain branching in the α-position,
(c) has no more than three chain branchings,
(d) has a single methyl substituent or no substituent in the α-position (with reference to the nitrogen atom) and
is a member selected from the group consisting of C5-10 alkyl having from 5 to 10 carbon atoms in one chain and is, optionally, monohydroxy substituted; alkyl having from 4 to 10 carbon atoms and interrupted by an oxygen atom when substitution of substituted phenyl, R1, is by three or four alkyls, and
monohydroxy-substituted alkoxyalkyl having from 4 to 10 carbon atoms;
R3 is --H, alkyl having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms or alkylene having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms and substituted by dialkylphosphinyl of the formula ##STR45## each of R4 and R5 is alkyl; together they have a total of from 2 to 6 carbon atoms;
or an acid addition salt thereof.
2. A composition as claimed in claim 1 wherein each dosage unit contains 10 to 50 mg of active ingredient.
The present application is a continuation of application Ser. No. 555,104, filed Mar. 4th, 1975, and now abandoned.
This invention relates to certain new aralkylamines having interesting physiological properties and to processes for their preparation.
Substituted hexylamines, e.g. 2-isopropyl-amino-6-methylheptane and N-2-cyclohexylethyl-hexylamine have already been used in the form of their hydrochlorides as pharmaceuticals with an antihistaminic or vasodilatoric effectivity.
The reductive alkylation of amines, such as with excessive sodium cyano-boronhydride and formaldehyde is acetonitrile, with formaldehyde and formic acid or with formaldehyde, hydrogen and palladium-coal in the presence of water is known as well as the reaction of amines with sodium in pyridine and the ethylation of the amino group with ethylene.
According to one feature of the present invention there are provided compounds of general formula ##STR1## wherein R1 represents a phenyl group substituted by 2,3 or 4 identical or different alkyl groups having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, said alkyl substituents having in total not more than 6 carbon atoms and any alkyl substituent in the p-position being separated from any other alkyl substituent by a vacant m-position, or a phenyl group substituted by one or two halogen atoms or nitro groups with the proviso that any fluoro substituent is situated in the p-position and if the phenyl group has two halogen substituents these are both situated in the o-positions, said o-, m- and p-positions being referred to the point of attachment to the aminomethylene group,
R2 represents a straight-chain or branched alkyl group having 4 to 10 carbon atoms and at least 4 carbon atoms in one chain, said alkyl group being optionally interrupted by an oxygen atom and/or being optionally substituted by a hydroxy group, said alkyl group
(a) being branched in the β-position to the nitrogen atom only if there is further branching of the chain,
(b) having no more than 3 chain branchings, and
(c) having a single methyl substituent or no substituent in the α-position to the nitrogen atom, and
R3 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms being unsubstituted or substituted by a dialkylphosphinyl group of formula ##STR2## (wherein R4 and R5 represent alkyl groups having in total 2 to 6 carbon atoms) and physiologically compatible acid addition salts thereof.
In general the compounds according to the present invention have valuable physiological properties, in particular one or more activities selected from a vasotonic, capillary sealing and antiarrhythmic activity.
Preferred compounds of general formula I by virtue of their particularly effective physiological properties are those wherein R1 represents a phenyl group having 3 alkyl substituents in the o- and p-positions and those wherein R2 represents an alkyl group having from 5 to 8 carbon atoms, preferably up to 7 carbon atoms, being free of hydroxyl substituents and uninterrupted by oxygen atoms, and preferably having an α-methyl substituent.
Compounds of general formula I according to the invention wherein R2 represents a branched alkyl group wherein the alkyl substituents on the main chain are vicinal or separated by 1,3,4 or 5 carbon atoms and those wherein R2 represents an unbranched alkyl group having 4 to 6 or 8 to 10 carbon atoms being interrupted by an oxygen are also particularly effective. Those compounds of general formula I wherein R2 represents a branched alkyl group being interrupted by an oxygen atom also have good physiological properties.
According to the further features of the present invention there are provided the following processes for the preparation of the new compounds of general formula I according to the invention:
(a) Reaction of a compound of formula
with a compound of formula ##STR3## or (b) Reaction of a compound of formula
with a compound of formula ##STR4## or (c) Reaction of a compound of formula
with a compound of formula ##STR5## or (d) Reduction of a compound of formula ##STR6## or of formula ##STR7## or of formula ##STR8## or of formula ##STR9## whereby a compound of formula I as hereinbefore defined is obtained, or (e) by an alkylation of an amine of formula VII in a per se known manner, e.g. with an alkyl ester of sulfuric acid, [wherein R1, R2 and R3 are as hereinbefore defined with the proviso that in process (c) R3 does not represent a hydrogen atom, X represents a halogen atom or an alkylsulfonyloxy or arylsulfonyloxy group, R6 is as hereinbefore defined for R2 but has one carbon atom less than R2, R7 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms optionally substituted by a dialkylphosphinyl group of formula ##STR10## (wherein R4 and R5 are as hereinbefore defined)]: and if desired subsequently converting a compound of formula I obtained thereby into a physiologically compatible acid addition salt.
Examples of compounds of general formula II which may be used in process (a) are the following: 3,4,5-trimethylbenzyl chloride, 2,4,6-trimethylbenzyl chloride, 2,3,5,6-tetramethylbenzyl bromide, 4-tert.-butyl-2,6-dimethylbenzyl iodide, 3-tert.-butyl-6-methylbenzyl chloride, 4-chlorobenzyl chloride, 3-chlorobenzyl chloride, 2-chlorobenzyl chloride, 2,6-dichlorobenzyl chloride, 3-bromobenzyl chloride, 2-bromobenzyl chloride, 4-nitrobenzyl chloride, esters of 2,4,6-trimethylbenzyltoluene sulphonic acid, and 4-fluorobenzyl chloride.
Examples of compounds of general formula IV are the following: 1-, 2- and 3-chloro-, -bromo- and -iodo-, -pentane, -hexane, -heptane, -octane, -nonane and -decane, 1-chloro-4-methylpentane, 1-chloro-2-ethylhexane, 2-chloro-3-methylpentane, 2-iodo-6-methylheptane, 2-chloro-5-hydroxy-5-methylheptane, 2-bromo-2,4,4-trimethylpentane, 3-chloropropyl ethyl ether, 3-chloropropyl butyl ether, 3-chloropropyl hexyl ether, 3-chloropropyl isopropyl ether and hept-2-yltoluene sulphonic acid esters.
Compounds of general formula VI include for example methyl iodide, propyl bromide, n- and isobutyl chloride and dimethylphosphinylmethyl chloride.
Amines of general formula III include e.g. the following straight-chain compounds: 1-, 2- and 3-aminopentane, hexane, -heptane, -octane, -nonane and -decane, and also the following branched compounds: 1-, 2- and 5-amino-4-methylpentane, 1-amino-2-ethylhexane, 2-amino-3-methylpentane, 2-amino-5-methylhexane, 2-amino-4-methylhexane, 2-amino-6-methylheptane, 2-amino-5-hydroxy-5-methylheptane, 2-amino-2,4,4-trimethylpentane, 3-aminopropyl ethyl ether, 3-aminopropyl hexyl ether, 3-aminopropyl isopropyl ether, 2-methyl-aminoheptane, 2-propylaminoheptane, 2-dimethylphosphinylmethylaminoheptane, 2-amino-n-nonane, 2-amino-n-decane, 3-amino-n-octane, 2-amino-7-methyl-octane, 2-amino-3,6-dimethylheptane.
The following are examples of amines of general formula V: 3,4,5-trimethylbenzylamine, 2,4,6-trimethylbenzylamine, 2,3,5,6-tetramethylbenzylamine, 4-tert.-butyl-2,6-dimethylbenzylamine, 3-tert.-butyl-6-methylbenzylamine, 4-fluorobenzylamine, 4-chlorobenzylamine, 3-chlorobenzylamine, 2-chlorobenzylamine, 2,6-dichlorobenzylamine, 3-bromobenzylamine, 2-bromobenzylamine, 4-nitrobenzylamine, and also the corresponding secondary amines which are substituted at the nitrogen atoms, for example with a methyl, ethyl, propyl, dimethylphosphinylmethyl or dimethylphosphinylpropyl group.
An amine of formula VII is for example 2-(2,4,6-trimethylbenzyl)-aminoheptane.
Certain of the compounds of general formula I contain at least one asymmetric carbon atoms, and it is to be understood that the pure optically active isomers as well as their racemates lie within the scope of the present invention.
Processes (a) to (e) according to the invention may conveniently be effected in the pesence of a solvent being inert to the reaction components, preferably an alcohol with 1 to 4 carbon atoms, an aromatic hydrocarbon, such as benzene, toluene, xylene or mesitylene, or dimethylformamide. Reaction in the presence of a solvent is particularly preferred when reacting alkyl esters of mineral acids and organic sulphonic acids. The reaction is advantageously effected in the presence of an acid acceptor, preferably an at least equimolar quantity of at least one alkali metal carbonate or a tertiary amine, or in the presence of an at least equimolar excess of the amine of formula III, V or VII used. In general, the process especially the variants (a) to (c) and (e), is performed at temperatures from 50� to 160� C., preferably 75� to 135� C. If dimethylformamide is used as the solvent, no acid acceptor is required, but usually a temperature of 70� to 160� C. is necessary.
Examples of alkali metal carbonates which may be used as acid acceptors are sodium hydrogen carbonate, sodium carbonate and potassium carbonate. Of the large number of tertiary amines which may be used, diisopropylamine, tributylamine, triethylamine, picoline and pyridine have proved especially effective. When an aralkyl chloride is reacted, the reaction may be accelerated by adding a small amount of sodium iodide.
The preparation of alkylamines of general formula I wherein R3 represents an alkyl group, in particular a methyl or ethyl group, according to process (c) may be effected under the usual reaction conditions.
The reduction of the amides of general formula X, XI and XII, is effected in per se known manner, for example in tetrahydrofuran or in a dialkyl ether, such as diethyl, diisopropyl or dibutyl ether, preferably at the boiling point of the solvent used, by means of a metal hydride, such as lithium aluminium hydride, or a boron hydride such as diborane. Decomposition of the amide/hydride adduct which is not isolated may be conveniently effected with ethyl acetate, water or saturated sodium sulphate solution.
Reduction of the thioamides of general formula XIII, is again effected in per se known manner, for example by treating with Raney nickel or by electrolytic reduction in the presence of a solvent, such as dioxane, acetone or an alcohol having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or an aqueous mixture thereof.
It is also possible according to the process (c) or (e) to react a compound of formula VII which has been prepared by reducing a compound of formula
or formula
wherein R1 and R2 are as defined in claim 1 and R8 represents an alkylidene group having one hydrogen atom less than the uninterrupted and unsubstituted alkyl radical R2 but otherwise identical therewith.
Compounds of general formula I as hereinbefore defined wherein R3 represents a hydrogen atom may be prepared by process (c) and (e) according to the invention. The reduction is conveniently effected with sodium or sodium amalgam in alcohol or zinc in acetic acid or electrolytically at lead or copper cathode. The process may also be effected as part of a reductive alkylation process (see "Organic Reactions", Vol IV, pp 174 ff) wherein the catalytic hydrogen addition is effected in the presence of a catalyst such as platinum, palladium, nickel or cobalt.
The compounds of general formula I according to the invention may if desired be converted into their physiologically compatible acid addition salts by reaction with a appropriate acid, for example hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid, cyclohexylsulfamic acid, gluconic acid, citric acid, maleic acid and adipic acid.
In general the new compounds according to the invention show a valuable vasotonia-regulating activity. They increase vasotonia without inducing spasms, dilate the blood vessels, reduce the increased permeability of the blood vessels and may induce an anti-oedematous and analgesic activity. They also in general have a good compatibility.
The compounds shown in Table I enclosed have for example been tested with regard to their physiological activities.
(1) Isolated vein and aorta sections
The tests were carried out on isolated vein and aorta sections from rabbits in accordance with the modified method of Furchgott et al (J. Pharmacol, exp. Ther. 108 (1953), page 129). The results are given in Tables 2 and 3. The contraction of the vein section in adrenalin and of the aorta section in noradrenalin, after administration of 10-6 g/ml of the test compound was defined to have the base value of 100.
(2) Isolated rat's portal vein
The tests on the rat's portal vein, an organ with its own rhythm, were performed according to the method of Berti et al (Arch. int. Pharmacodyn. 184 (1970), page 328). In Table 4, the increase in tonus at various adrenalin concentrations is given in milligrams. As a comparison, the values for the known substance heptaminol (=6-amino-2-methylheptane-2-ol) are also given.
(3) Blood-flow change in an isolated rabbit ear
The tests were carried out according to Krakow-Pissemski (Pflugers Archiv 151 (1913), page 583 and 156 (1914), page 426). In Table 5a the estimated values of the vaso-constrictor activity in Ringer solutions of varying concentrations are given and in Table 5b values for vasodilatory activity in Ringer-Norfenefrin solutions of varying concentrations are given. As a comparison, the values obtained with the known preparation aescin sodium are given.
(4) Relative coronary blood-flow change in an isolated guinea-pig heart.
The tests were carried out according to the method of Langendorff (Pflugers Archiv. 61 (1895), page 219).
In Table 5, the change in coronary blood flow after administration of various quantities of the test substance is compared with that after administration of the known compounds heptaminol and Aescin sodium salt.
(5) Histamine rash test
The test according to Halpern (Presse medicale 65 (1949), page 949) was used in modified form. The suppressive effect of the compounds according to the invention on the permeability of the capillaries was tested. The blue coloration induced by intravenous administration of trypan blue at two intracutaneous histamine injection points per animal, (trypan blue administered 2 minutes before the histamine), was estimated according to the following scale of values:
______________________________________no blue coloration =0indications of blue coloration =2clear blue coloration =4stong blue coloration =6______________________________________
The preceding evaluation was made from the combined effect at the two injection points.
The test substances were administered i.p. 30 minutes before the histamine injection. The results with the compounds according to the invention and also with aescin sodium as a control are shown in Table 7. The control substance aescin sodium was administered 16 hours before the injection for optimum effectiveness in order to obtain comparable results.
(6) Toxicity in the mouse
Toxicity was determined according to Litchfield and Wilcoxon (J. Pharmacol. exp. Ther. 97 (1949), page 399) in the mouse. In comparison, the values with the known substance aescin sodium salt were determined. The results are given in Table 7. Comparative tests with 0.1% solution, of venous and optical compatibility on the rabbit yielded similar results.
(7) Suppression of carrageenin oedema in the rat paw
The inflammation-reducing and anti-oedematous effects on carrageenin and serotonin oedemas in the rat paw were studied according to Siegmund et al (Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. Med. 95 (1957), page 729). The values are given as percentages, based on the values obtained in control tests using a dummy procedure. In this way, the antiphlogistic activity of the substances according to the invention was tested. The results are given in Table 8.
(8) Writhing Test
The analgesic activity of the compounds according to the invention were studied by the method of Winter et al (Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. Med, 111 (1962), page 544), in which the suppression of writhing movements in the mouse was observed. The results are assembled in Table 9.
(9) Hot-plate Test
This test was performed on the mouse, according to Chen and Beckman (see Science 113 (1951), page 631). 50 mg/kg of the compound No. 2 (cf. formula sheet) which has been administered per os increase the reaction time of the animals by 70%. In comparison thereto for the effective dose of 50% (ED 50) the necessary quantity of the comparison substance aminophenazone was found to be 84 mg/kg.
TABLE 2__________________________________________________________________________Isolated vein section Aescin sodium salt (compari-Serial No. 2 3 4 6 12 13 14 22 26 27 28 30 son)__________________________________________________________________________g/ml10-5 4 14 133 � 10-5 15 8 2810-4 16 18 6 16.sup.(+) 20 14 18.sup.(+) 60.sup.(+) 19 20 19 131.6 � 10-4 32 16 30__________________________________________________________________________ .sup.(+) Test substance dissolved in propanediol
TABLE 3______________________________________Isolated aorta section Aescin sodium saltSerial No. 2 3 4 10 22 24 27 28 (comparison)______________________________________g/ml10-4 10 19 22 9 15 15 18 14 0______________________________________
TABLE 4______________________________________Isolated rat's cortal veinSerial no. Heptaminolg/ml 2 22 27 28 (comparison)______________________________________10-6 +65 -9 +21 +910-5 +106 +225 +19 +57 +910-4 +185 +271 +250 +84 +47______________________________________
TABLE 5__________________________________________________________________________Relative change in blood flow in a perfused rabbit ear (vaso-constrictoractivity)__________________________________________________________________________Serial no. Aescin sodiumg/ml 2 3 4 7 8 12 14 20 22 salt (comp.)__________________________________________________________________________(a) Vaso-constrictor activity (Ringer solution)10-6 -63 � 10-6 -3310-50 0 0 -2 -923 � 10-50 0 +8 -5 010-40 0 -42(b) Vaso-dilator activity (Ringer-Norfenefrin solution)10-7+3 +3 +410-6+31 +43 +40 +3 +123 � 10-610-5+73 +105 +104 +43 � 10-5 +38 +31 +34 +66 +12 +30 0 010-4+112 +131 (++)__________________________________________________________________________ Serial no. Aescin sodiumg/ml 23 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 salt (comp.)__________________________________________________________________________(a) Vaso-constrictor activity (Ringer solution)10-6 -63 � 10-6 -3310-5 +11 -6 0 -923 � 10-5 -4 -13 -4110-4 +25 0(b) Vaso-dilator activity (Ringer-Norfenefrin solution)10-7 +3 +710-6 +1 +29 +4 +123 � 10-6 +3910-5 +93 +58 +79 +413 � 10-5 +12 +47 +19 +67 010-4 +147 +87 (++)__________________________________________________________________________ (++) A control test was carried out with heptaminol, which resulted in constriction
TABLE 6__________________________________________________________________________ Relative change in coronary blood flow in the isolated guinea-pig heart(Langendorff)__________________________________________________________________________ Aescin Hept- sodium aminol saltSerial no. μg 1 2 3 4 5 6 10 15 16 (comp.) (comp.)__________________________________________________________________________10 +53/-14 + 17 +14 + 31 +118 +129 +33 +55 0 - 830 +130/-11 + 72 +19 + 76 +280 +187 +68/-21 +61 0 -38100 +120 +30 +125 +85/-17 0__________________________________________________________________________ Aescin Hept- sodium aminol saltSerial no. μg 17 19 21 22 26 28 29 30 (comp.) (comp.)__________________________________________________________________________10 + 86 +30/-15 +22 + 63 +28 + 29 + 52 +158 0 - 830 +138 +71/-10 +23 +109 +57 +118 +111 +211 0 -38100 +226 +232 0__________________________________________________________________________
TABLE 7______________________________________Histamine rash test Aescinmg/kg Serial no. sodium salti.p. 2 3 4 22 25 26 27 28 29 31 (comparison)______________________________________0.1 3.50.3 3.41.0 2.6 2.5 3.1 2.6 1.8 3.6 3.3 2.22.5 3.83.0 1.7 2.5 1.7 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.9 2.9 1.710.0 1.9 1.4 2.6______________________________________
TABLE 8__________________________________________________________________________Toxicity in the mouse (mg/kg) Aescin sodiumMode of salt (comp-administration arison)__________________________________________________________________________Serial no. 1 2 3 4 7 8 9 11 12 13 14__________________________________________________________________________i.v. 11,7 10,8 12,4 1,4-3,2i.p. 50-100 114 50-100 50-100 100-250 25-100 100-250 100-250 100-250 100-250 50-100 5-10p.o. 940 134-320__________________________________________________________________________Serial no. 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25__________________________________________________________________________i.v. 1,4-3,2i.p. 50-100 50-100 25-50 50-100 100-250 50-100 50-100 25-50 100-250 50-100 50-100 5-10p.o. 134-320__________________________________________________________________________Serial no. 26 27 28 29 30 31__________________________________________________________________________i.v. 50-100 1,4-3,2i.p. 50-100 100-250 50-100 50-100 100-250 5-10p.o. 2400 134-320__________________________________________________________________________
TABLE 9______________________________________Suppression of carrageenin ocdema in the paw (%)3 h p.a.(antiphlogistic activity) Serial no.mg/kg p.o. 2 3 4 7 13 26 31______________________________________25 53 5363 52 71 17100 46 11 14 59 39200 26______________________________________
TABLE 10______________________________________Suppression of writhing movements %Serial no.mg/kg p.o. 2 7 8 25 26______________________________________40 32 4650 53 15 46 4563 51 67100 80 77______________________________________
According to Tables 2 and 3, the compounds according to the invention, particularly compound 26 in Table 2 and compound 27 in Table 3, show a stronger vasotonic activity than the comparison substance aescin sodium.
The results according to Table 4 agree with the findings in the preceding Tables. In the isolated portal vein, the substances according to the invention--particularly compounds 2 and 22--induce a distinctly stronger increase in vasotonus than the comparison substance heptaminol.
The effects on the perfused rabbit ear, (see Table 5) are especially favourable in comparison with aescin sodium. Thus the compounds according to the invention, according to Table 5a, do not show any vasospasms. Aescin sodium, however, even at a concentration of 10-5 g/ml, causes vasospasms almost leading to vein closure (see Table 5a).
In organs with tonicising vessels, the compounds according to the invention, dilate the vessels to an extent which depends on the concentration of the compounds, both in the rabbit ear perfused with Ringer-Norfenefrin solution (see Table 5b) and in the perfused guinea-pig heart (see Table 6). In comparison the substance heptaminol intensifies the Ringer-Norfenefrin constriction in the rabbit ear (see Table 5b) and has no effect on the guinea-pig heart (see Table 6). The comparison substance aescin sodium has no effect on the tonicised rabbit ear (see Table 5b) and has a constrictor effect on the coronary vessels in the guinea-pig heart.
As the histamine-rash test according to Table 7 shows, the compounds according to the invention induce a significant improvement in the suppression of increased capillary permeability caused by histamine than does aescin sodium.
Toxicity in the mouse of the compounds according to the invention (see Table 8) is significantly more favourable than that of aescin sodium. Tests with rabbits also show analogous results.
Certain of the compounds according to the invention have an inflammation-suppressing and anti-oedematous activity as shown in the tests on carrageenin and serotonin oedemas in the rat paw (see Table 9). Certain of the compounds also have an analgestic activity as shown in the Writhing test (see Table 10) and the Hot-plate test.
Thus the activity spectrum of the compounds according to the invention which we have tested make them particularly valuable as vaso-active agents.
According to a still further feature of the present invention there are provided pharmaceutical compositions comprising as active ingredient at least one compound of formula I as hereinbefore defined or physiologically compatible acid addition salt thereof in association with a pharmaceutical carrier or excipient.
The compositions may be presented in a form suitable for oral, rectal, parenteral or topical administration for veterinary use. Thus suitable forms of administration include for example powders, tablets, coated tablets, capsules, solutions including injection solutions, pastes, suspensions and suppositories, such compositions containing solid or liquid carriers or excipients conventionally used in the pharmaceutical art such as starch, lactose, cellulose derivatives, stearic acid and salts thereof, solvents, solubilising agents, suppository masses and chlorides, phosphates and carbonates, for example sodium carbonate.
The compositions are advantageously presented in the form of dosage units, each dosage unit being adapted to supply a fixed dose of active ingredient. Thus compositions for oral administration are conveniently presented as dosage units containing 25 to 50 mg of active ingredient for administration 2-3 times daily. Compositions for parenteral administration may be presented for administration either in a single injection or as a prolonged infusion in dosage of 10 to 20 mg per day.
The following Examples serve to illustrate the preparation of the new compounds according to the invention. The Serial Nos. refer to the enclosed Table I.
36.5 g (0.2 mol) of 2,3,5,6-tetramethylbenzyl chloride, 46.0 g (0.4 mol) of 2-aminoheptane and 100 ml of benzene are refluxed for 2 hours. The solvent is then removed in vacuo. A solution of 8 g (0.2 mol) of sodium hydroxide in methanol is then added to the residue to liberate the free base. The reaction product is separated from the precipitated sodium chloride by means of a suction filter, and the excess of 2-aminoheptane is removed by vacuum distillation. The 2-(2,3,5,6-tetramethylbenzyl)aminoheptane obtained is then treated with ethereal hydrochloric acid to convert it into the hydrochloride which is recrystallised from methanol/ethyl acetate. The melting point of the hydrochloride is 155� C.
Yield: 55.4 g (93% of theory).
A solution of 168.7 g (1 mol) of 2,4,6-trimethylbenzyl chloride in 250 ml of toluene is mixed with a solution of 230.4 g (2 mol) of 2-aminoheptane in 250 ml of toluene, and the reaction mixture is refluxed for 2 hours. After evaporation of the toluene in vacuo, the evaporation residue is thoroughly mixed with a solution of 50 g of sodium hydroxide in 500 ml of water. The organic phase is extracted with methylene chloride. The methylene chloride solution is dried over anhydrous sodium sulphate and evaporated in vacuo. The evaporation residue is fractionated under vacuum and yields, in addition to 115 g of 2-aminoheptane 236 g (95.5% of theory) of 2-(2,4,6-trimethylbenzyl)-aminoheptane of boiling point 175�-178� C. (at 12 Torr). The base is treated with ethereal hydrochloric acid and the title compound 2-(2,4,6-trimethylbenzyl)-aminoheptane hydrochloride is obtained. This compound is recrystallised from methylene chloride/ether (1:1) to yield crystals having a melting point of 167� C. The experiment is repeated three times replacing 1 mol of 2-aminoheptane by 1 mol of the inert tertiary bases, triethylamine, tributylamine and diisopropylamine.
The course of each reaction may be followed by thin-layer chromatography:
______________________________________Stationary phase: silica gel F254 plates (5 � 20 cm) [manufactured by E. Merck, Darmstadt],Eluent: I chloroform/methanol/85% formic acid (85:10:5 parts by volume) II chloroform/methanol (90:10)Length of flow: 10 cmDetection: extinction of fluorescenceRf (at chamber: I 0.54saturation) II 0.68______________________________________
(a) 12.4 g (0.05 mol) of 2-(2,4,6-trimethylbenzyl)aminoheptane (Example 2) and 6.4 g (0.05 mol) of chloromethyl dimethyl phosphine oxide in a solvent mixture of 100 ml of toluene and 50 ml of dimethylformamide are heated in the presence of 7.5 g of triethylamine at a bath temperature of 135� C. The end point of the reaction is detected chromatographically. After removal of the triethylamine, solvent and the triethylamine hydrochloride formed, the reaction product is taken up in ethyl acetate. A slight excess of an ethereal hydrochloric acid solution is added and 2-[dimethylphosphinylmethyl (2,4,6-trimethylbenzyl)]-aminoheptane hydrochloride is obtained as crystals.
Melting point: 123� C., yield: 17.2 g (92% of theory).
(b) The reaction is carried out analogously to Example (3a) but using 10.3 g (0.05 mol) of N-(dimethylphosphinylmethyl)-2-aminoheptane and 8.5 g (0.05 mol) of 2,4,6-trimethylbenzyl chloride,
(c) The reaction is carried out analogously to Example (3a) but using 12.0 g (0.05 mol) of N-dimethylphosphinylmethyl (2,4,6-trimethylbenzyl)-amino and 9.0 g (0.05 ml) of 2-bromoheptane.
The hydrochlorides obtained according to Examples 3(a),(b) and (c) are identical.
2.8 g (0.01 mol) of (2,4,6-trimethylbenzyl)-2-heptylthioamide are desulphurised in 100 ml of 80% aqueous ethanol with 3 g of Raney nickel at boiling temperature over a period of 3 hours. The Raney nickel and solvent is removed to yield 2-(2,4,6-trimethylbenzyl)-aminoheptane having a boiling point of 175�-178� C. (at 12 Torr.). The hydrochloride is prepared therefrom analogously to Example 2. The product is identical to the product prepared in Example 2 in all its physical properties. Yield: 2.2 g (90% of theory).
14.8 g of 2,4,6-trimethylbenzaldehyde and 11.5 g of 2-aminoheptane are refluxed in about 100 ml of benzene, using a water-separator, until 1.8 ml of water have been removed. The benzene is removed in vacuo and the oil remaining is dissolved in approximately 200 ml of methanol. 19.0 g of sodium hydride are added in small portions, the mixture being shaken continuously. After standing over night, about 200 ml of water are added and the oil which precipitates out is extracted with methylene chloride. The organic extract is dried over sodium sulphate, evaporated, and the oil remaining is dissolved in ether. Ethereal hydrochloric acid is then added and the desired product precipitates out and is then recrystallised from methylene chloride/ether. Melting point: 167� C., Yield: over 80%.
In a tightly sealed three-necked flask which is flooded with dry nitrogen from one side and connected to a wash bottle containing acetone on the other side, 1.7 g (0.045 mol) of sodium borohydride are suspended in 37 ml of diethylene glycol dimethyl ether by stirring using a magnetic stirrer. Then 14.5 g (0.05 mol) of 2-[N-acetyl (2,4,6-trimethylbenzyl)]aminoheptane are added. While the nitrogen atmosphere is retained, 7.8 g (0.055 mol) of boron trifluoride etherate are added dropwise to the stirred suspension at room temperature over a period of one hour. The mixture is stirred for a further hour. Subsequently, 30 ml of concentrated hydrochloric acid and 100 ml of water are added, still under a nitrogen atmosphere. Any diborane present in the flask is forced into the wash bottle containing acetone by means of the nitrogen and is destroyed. The reaction mixture is evaporated in vacuo and the residue is treated with ethanol. Inorganic salts are removed by suction filtration. The filtrate is mixed with an excess of 20% sodium hydroxide solution and the organic phase is extracted with ether. The solution is dried over sodium sulphate, evaporated down to a small volume and then mixed with an excess of ethereal hydrochloric acid. After a short time the desired end product crystallises out. It is suction filtered and the colourless out. It is suction filtered and the colourless crystals are dried quickly in a high vacuum over diphosphorus pentoxide. By further evaporation of the ethereal solution, a second yield of 2-[ethyl (2,4,6-trimethylbenzyl)]-aminoheptane hydrochloride, melting point 119� C., is obtained.
The product is examined by thin-layer chromatography using eluent I (see Example 2) and has an Rf value of 0.45.
The experiment is repeated using 2-[N-propionyl (2,4,6-trimethylbenzyl)] aminoheptane in the place of the N-acetyl compound and finally converting the product to the sulphuric acid addition salt. The product is 2-[n-propyl (2,4,6-trimethylbenzyl)] aminoheptane sulphuric acid salt (Serial Number 33) of melting point 105� C.
In addition to the specific compounds prepared in Examples 1-6 there were prepared various other compounds according to the invention as shown below. ##STR11##
__________________________________________________________________________Ser- Preparedial according toNo. Formula m.p. Example__________________________________________________________________________ 155� 12 ##STR12## 167� 2,4,53 ##STR13## 163� 14 ##STR14## 161� 15 ##STR15## 165� 26 ##STR16## 130� 27 ##STR17## 144� 18 ##STR18## 193� 19 ##STR19## 89� 110 ##STR20## 121� 111 ##STR21## 150� 112 ##STR22## 75� 213 ##STR23## 89� 214 ##STR24## 140� 115 ##STR25## 135� 116 ##STR26## 135� 117 ##STR27## 123� 118 ##STR28## 120� 219 ##STR29## 174� 220 ##STR30## 155� 221 ##STR31## 100� 222 ##STR32## 134� 223 ##STR33## 140� 124 ##STR34## 178� 225 ##STR35## Kp. 102� bel 0,1 Torr 226 ##STR36## 142� 227 ##STR37## 185� 228 ##STR38## 178� 229 ##STR39## 178� 230 ##STR40## 123� 331 ##STR41## 154� 1 ##STR42##32 ##STR43## 119� 633 ##STR44## 105� 6__________________________________________________________________________
It is not intended that the examples given herein should be construed to limit the invention thereto, but rather they are submitted to illustrate some of the specific embodiments of the invention. Resort may be had to various modifications and variations of the present invention without departing from the spirit of the discovery or the scope of the appended claims.
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Media Release
25 January 2012
Government spending on ICT is
$5 billion
The Australian Government is a major consumer
and producer of Information and Communications Technology (ICT), with annual
expenditure of $5 billion, Special Minister of State Gary Gray said today.
He released a report outlining expenditure by
government departments in 2008-09 and 2009-10.
"The report gives a very useful insight into the
Government ICT market," Mr Gray said. "The Government's investment in ICT is
improving the way it delivers services to the community and industry."
Australia's total ICT market is estimated to be
worth nearly $100 billion.
The report shows that:
The Australian Government is a major consumer and producer of ICT
services, with annual expenditure of about $5 billion per year;
ICT expenditure has increased marginally between the two years in real
terms (i.e. after correcting for the effects of inflation), but decreased as a
proportion of departmental operating costs;
ICT accounted for about 5 per cent of agencies' total operating costs in
The Government is investing in enhancing and extending its ICT
capability, with 30 per cent of its expenditure on new projects in 2009-10.
"The Government is investing in the largest ever
infrastructure project undertaken in this country, the National Broadband
Network, that will improve services in the education and health
sectors and offer the potential for productivity improvement for businesses,"
Mr Gray said.
Some of the major service improvement projects
in progress enabled by ICT include:
Service Delivery Reform (Department of Human
Services) - transforming government service delivery by delivering more
one-stop-shops, more self service options and more intensive support for those
who need it; and
Passport Redevelopment Program (Department of
Foreign Affairs and Trade) - a new passport issuing system to help the
Department achieve better client service including through improvements to the
online passport application process.
"While this type of data has not been released
previously, the release is consistent with the Government's ongoing commitment
to providing better access to government held information."
The data has been sourced from agencies subject
to the Financial Management and Accountability (FMA) Act 1997 through an annual
ICT benchmarking data collection exercise conducted by the Department of
Finance and Deregulation.
The objectives of the ICT benchmarking program
are to measure progress in improving the efficiency and effectiveness of ICT
services in the delivery of Government programs, and inform other
whole-of-government ICT policy initiatives.
Data for the 2010-11 financial year is currently
being analysed. It is anticipated that a report including this data will be
released in the next couple of months.
The report is available online at www.finance.gov.au and www.data.gov.au.
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18/11/2014Elizabeth Vega, CEO of Informed Solutions, elected to AIIA Board
16/11/2014 Victorian election set to be digital battleground
13/11/2014Industry backs SA's digital by default plan
2/12/2014Looking Back, Looking Forward: the Federal ICT Market
3/12/2014AGM and Sundowner@SA Christmas Drinks
9/12/2014CollabIT ACT December 2014 Breakfast
10/12/2014AIIA QLD Member - End of Year Sundowner
10/12/2014AIIA NSW AGM and Christmas Drinks


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"It's not extra money" and Other Things Teens Should Know About Credit Cards
by Rachel Meeks
As an adult, I've volunteered to teach personal finance classes to teens in local schools. This is what I want teens to know about how credit cards work before they go off to college.
My Favorite Children's Books for Young Ones
It's no secret that my favorite baby gift is a bundle of my favorite children's books. Here are some (or seventy) of my favorite books for babies and young children.
Can This Bedtime Be Saved?
by Amalah
My 18-month-old still can't fall asleep on her own and still wakes up crying multiple times a night. Help!
The Nephew's Speech
by Amalah
I'm a preschool teacher and an aunt to a child with a very bad stutter, but his mother is in denial. What do I do?
When Daddy's Been Drinking, Part Two
by Amalah
I came home to find my baby in a dark room crying his eyes out…and my husband passed out drunk. What now? What's next?
The Empathetic Toddler
by Amalah
Is your toddler spoiled rotten…or just doing what all toddlers do? How young is too young to teach compassion and empathy?