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Dr. Stephen Russell on his new book, Command and Control, and the Ebola scare.
Written by Lindsey Lowe
Photography by Liesa Cole
B-metro - The magazine of metro Birmingham living
Dr. Stephen Russell on his new book, Command and Control, and the Ebola scare.
Written by Lindsey Lowe
Photography by Liesa Cole
Two different takes on living and dining
Written by Brett Levine
Photographed by Graham Yelton
Local experts point out the ways that we make ourselves vulnerable online and what we can do to fix them.
Written by Rosalind Fournier
Portraits by Beau Gustafson
A photographer makes a trip to the Delta, where the Blues are still sung.
Words and photos by Beau Gustafson
Birmingham is the backdrop of the iconic 70s film with Sally Field and Arnold Schwarzenegger.
Written by Lanier Isom
Photography by Elizabeth DeRamus
Birmingham's past and future are inextricably bound.
Written and photographed by Zade Shamsi-Basha
When you're the city's busiest party planner, your own 30th birthday ought to be the biggest bash in town.
By Christopher Confero
Personal stories from a patient, a medical student, and a doctor about what medicine means to them.
Caring Physicians
Grey highlights how diverse a seemingly simple neutral can be in our October 2014 fashion issue.
Photographed by Jim Lafferty
Styled by Mindi Shapiro Levine
In recent years, the entire country has seen a rise in heroin abuse, and Alabama is no exception.
Written by Tom Gordon
As the weather chills, warm up your wardrobe with earthy shades that evoke the palette of a sun-soaked shore.
Photography by Liesa Cole
Styled by Mary Beth Wetzel


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Free Beer & Hot Wings: 'Creepy Guy' Banned from Virginia Beach for Taking Photos [Video]
A Newport News, Va., man has been banned from a Yorktown, Va., beach for being a "habitual creeper."
A Newport News, Va., man has been banned from a Yorktown, Va., beach for being a "habitual creeper."
It sounds like a joke or something out of a cartoon -- a train hits a truck full of watermelons.
A couple of women in Santa Fe, N.M., got a bit of a surprise when they were having sex in their apartment last week.
In the middle of the act, they looked up and there was a dude just standing in the doorway of the bedroom watching them.
During Monday's morning news broadcast on WJBK-TV, Fox 2, in Detroit, anchors Jay Towers, Maurielle Lue and Alan Longstreet got a bit of a surprise this week when they cut to the shot from the tower cam during the weather report.
The issue of school violence took a surprising turn at one California high school. A security guard at Oakland High School was caught on camera punching a student in a wheelchair.
Miyo Koba, the 89-year-old owner of Frank's Market in Moses Lake, Wash., got a bit of a surprise Sunday morning when she walked from the back of the store up to the cash register.
A New York pedestrian was struck and injured by a runaway, massive buzzsaw blade on Wednesday!
Love bacon but don't like what it does to your waistline? If you're willing to spend a few bucks, the Edible Mist Machine has a solution!
Why are people so stupid?
A group of oil workers in North Dakota found themselves in close proximity to a tornado the other day.
Instead of jumping in the car and hauling ass in the opposite direction, these guys did nothing. Absolutely nothing. They just stood there, laughing their stoner laugh and recording the destruction.
Delivering pizzas can be a tough gig.
You're spending a ton of money on gas, your car smells like old pizza and the tips are pretty crappy. Plus, in the Internet age, more and more people are ordering and paying for their pizza online, making it much easier to stiff the delivery guy on his tip.
But Thomas Leon Reid III, of Rock Hill, S.C., has found a way to ensure faster pizza delivery in hopes of making a few extra bucks.
The question is… do you eat it?
"Screw you, nature!"
That's what this lion, tiger and bear have to say when told they're not allowed to live together in harmony.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
2012-08-01Free Food Before Elections from CDM
On July 31, leaders of the Christian-Democrat Movement met their supporters brought by mini-buses from various districts of Kakheti region at the Memorial to Great Patriotic War in Gurjaani. After the meeting, the CDM served the gathered people with barbecue, cucumbers, tomatoes, bread and wine.
2012-08-01Maestro Solidarity Action in Brussels
Georgians, living in Europe, held a Maestro solidarity assembly in front of the European Union's Institutes on July 15. Georgians from Belgium, the Netherlands, France, and other European countries participated in the rally. They were holding dish TV- antennas and posters with the following slogans:"Stop Media-Swallower!", "Misha, do not deceive people", "Misha, do not threaten people!", "We deserve a better president", etc.
2012-08-01ICMM Sued Dusheti District Administration at the Court
Information Center of Mtskheta-Mtianeti (www.icmm.ge) filed a lawsuit against Dusheti district administration at the Mtskheta district court. The online outlet blames the district administration in having breached the requirements of General Administrative Code of Georgia.
2012-08-01Public Defender Requested Investigation of Journalist's Intimidation Fact and Prosecutor's Office Started Investigation
2012-08-01GYLA's Georgian Media Legal Defense Center Deems Exerting Pressure on Journalist Unacceptable
Parliament Confirms Two Supreme Court Judge Candidates Merabishvili Sentenced in Girgvliani Case-Related Trial Court in Greece Rejects Extradition of Ex-Senior Interior Ministry Official Public Defender studied problems of Zestaponi residents Beaten convict was placed in hospital Archive
Fragile Peace in Balkans
After a long and complicated preparation period, on July 30, we landed in Sarajevo. Despite scary landing caused by bad weather conditions, I
Hungry Commission Members and Commission Chairpersons Angry with Observers in Batumi
Seal without Carve and Voter with Two Names in Guria
What happened to Dream of Justice Revival?
"Miscarriages of justice"– we use this term to characterize the problems existing in the system of Georgian judiciary during ex-president Mikheil Saakashvili's governance.
Triggers of Prisoners' Mass Protests
Autumn Fly


text:
Super 8 - Richmond
No availability found through our partners. Please contact the business directly or check some of our recommended alternatives.
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- Free High-Speed Internet
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TripAdvisor Reviews Super 8 - Richmond
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An arena in Kentucky to a kitchen of West Africa
... at Chill, and saw several West African items we wanted to try. Between the four of us we ate three bowls of West African fare: Peanut Goat, Peanut Chicken, and Beef Leef. Each was a bowl of rice topped with a stew of sorts. Eating there could quickly become addicting. It was a yummy surprise for our foodie family. Eric especially enjoyed Sav's third enterprise, homemade habanero hot sauce. Not green, not red, but chocolate in color and hot in ...
Kentucky is famous for... Horses and Hot Browns
... Finding a spot that serves traditional ice cream sundaes seemed out of reach. Although Lexington boasts an over-abundance of self-serve Fro-yo places, this was not what we desired. After a frustrating search, discussion, and a bathroom break, we finally settled on the not so traditional ice cream joint, Denny's. Each Christenson was able to construct their favorite sundae concoction. We left calling our day, and our Ice Cream Theme, complete. ...
Explorium & Crematorium
... Road to eat Lexington barbecue. J. J. McBrewsters has a selection of homemade BBQ sauces. All tasted wonderful on both the pulled pork and mutton; and Anna seemed to love her bacon mac and cheese.
Because 75% of the Christensons had never been to a Baskin Robbins, it was nominated as the location for our Ice Cream Theme: "Select your own" Saturday. We each picked a treat that fit our personal tastes and everyone was satisfied. ...
Pretty Kentucky
... went to high school together. He was purchased for only $22,000 as a yearling (unheard of low price in these circles). Funny Cide went on to win the Kentucky Derby and the Preakness in 2003 and over 3 million dollars. The group of owners were referred to as "ordinary horsemen that took over the sport of kings'. We had a great time here!
Just Horsin' Around
... it's all about breeding!
are only 3 major farms with white fences, the rest have black. Some
farms are very fancy and some very modest. The most modest one we went
to was Magdalena Farm where the 2 fastest horses are trained. We got to
walk by their stalls and pet them! Flashy American $5 million and
Rosalind $3 million, I believe. So ...


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Map & Directions
Emmanuel meets at George Mason University-Arlington Auditorium at Founders Hall: Map & Directions
Abraham: Journey of Faith
Common themes in Abraham and Acts include the call to be a blessing to the nations; growing in understanding of the God they worship and how to follow him and make his name hallowed; living as exiles.
Community Groups
Community Groups provide an opportunity for intimacy, mutual support, practical love and service, learning about the Christian faith, prayer, and sharing of what we see God doing in our midst.
Discipleship Classes
Sunday Discipleship Classes at 9:30am; Worship at 10:30am
Serving Arlington
Emmanuel's Mercy Ministry focuses on serving our neighbors in Arlington through a variety of service opportunities. Our ministry is focused on serving the needs of the community we live in and being followers of Christ.
Weekly Email Sign Up
Friday's weekly email (News Briefs) is a great way to stay up-to-date on the latest happenings at Emmanuel
Emmanuel MicroMission fund offers small grants to assist community groups in serving their neighbors and address local needs
Emmanuel Ministry Teams
Emmanuel has several ministry needs and opportunities to get involved
Join Emmanuel on Facebook, Twitter & Foursquare
Building community through relationships is at the center of the Christian life
Welcome to Emmanuel
Join us Sunday!
Discipleship Classes 9:30am
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Faith & Life: Just War Revisited
Christianity Explored - One Life


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Lady Gaga's Wackiest Fashion
Previous Next « Back to Story Replay
Lady Gaga arrives at Mr Chow's after her second London gig at the O2 Arena on February 27, 2010.
Source: Pacific Coast News Online
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Follow @ManUtd
Gallery: Bridge thrillerView a gallery of photos from United's incredible cup tie at...
Video: Utd vs Chelsea...Watch the Reds' last League Cup win over Chelsea in 2002.
Video: Giggs interviewRyan Giggs discusses Chelsea boss Roberto Di Matteo.
Video: Chicha vs ChelseaWatch all of Javier Hernandez's previous goals against the Blues.
Gallery: Reds beat BluesView action and celebration photos...
Focus on... WoottonScott Wootton is the latest youngster...
Happy 80th, Harry GreggAnother chance to read Steve...
Gallery: Bouncing backView action and celebration photos...
22/10/2012Video: Reds vs Portuguese
22/10/2012Portuguese preparation
20/10/2012Gallery: Potters punished
17/10/2012Gallery: Reds around town
16/10/2012Pics: United at University
11/10/2012Happy 75th, Sir Bobby
09/10/2012Focus on... Tunnicliffe
View all the archive
Copyright, Manchester United Ltd, 2014 Photography provided by Manchester United Ltd and Getty Images


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Nicholson urges Russian president to get out of Ukraine at security...
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Meshach Taylor, who played a lovable ex-convict surrounded by boisterous Southern belles on the sitcom "Designing Women" and appeared in numerous other TV and film roles, died of cancer at age 67, his agent said Sunday.
Taylor died Saturday at his home near Los Angeles, according to agent Dede Binder.
Taylor got an Emmy nod for his portrayal of Anthony Bouvier on "Designing Women" from 1986 to 1993. Then he costarred for four seasons on another successful comedy, "Dave's World," as the best friend of a newspaper humour columnist played by the series' star, Harry Anderson.
Other series included the cult favourite "Buffalo Bill" and the popular Nickelodeon comedy "Ned's Declassified School Survival Guide."
Taylor's movie roles included a flamboyant window dresser in the 1987 comedy-romance "Mannequin" as well as "Damien: Omen II."
He guested on many series including "Hannah Montana," ''The Unit," ''Hill Street Blues," ''Barney Miller," ''Lou Grant," ''The Drew Carey Show," and, in an episode that aired in January, "Criminal Minds," which stars Joe Mantegna, with whom Taylor performed early in his career as a fellow member of Chicago's Organic Theater Company. Taylor also had been a member of that city's Goodman Theatre.
The Boston-born Taylor started acting in community shows in New Orleans, where his father was dean of students at Dillard University. He continued doing roles in Indianapolis after his father moved to Indiana University as dean of the college of arts and sciences.
After college, Taylor got a job at an Indianapolis radio station, where he rose from a "flunky job" to Statehouse reporter, he recalled in an interview with The Associated Press in 1989.
"It was interesting for a while," he said. "But once you get involved in Indiana politics you see what a yawn it is."
Resuming his acting pursuit, he set up a black arts theatre to keep kids off the street, then joined the national touring company of "Hair." His acting career was launched.
After "Hair," he became a part of the burgeoning theatre world in Chicago, where he stayed until 1979 before heading for Los Angeles.
Taylor played the assistant director in "Buffalo Bill," the short-lived NBC sitcom about an arrogant and self-centred talk show host played by Dabney Coleman. It lasted just one season, 1983-84, disappointing its small but fervent following.
Seemingly his gig on "Designing Women" could have been even more short-lived. It was initially a one-shot.
"It was for the Thanksgiving show, about halfway through the first season," Taylor said. But producer Linda Bloodworth-Thomason told him if the character clicked with audiences he could stay.
It did. He spun comic gold with co-stars Jean Smart, Dixie Carter, Annie Potts and Delta Burke, and never left.
Meanwhile, his real life worked its way into one episode.
"We were doing some promotional work in Lubbock, Texas, and somehow Delta Burke and I got booked into the same hotel suite," he said. They alerted their respective significant others to the mix-up, then muddled through with the shared accommodations.
"When we got back I told Linda, and she put it into a show: We got stranded at a motel during a blizzard and ended up in the same bed!"
Taylor is survived by his four children and his wife, Bianca Ferguson.
EDITOR'S NOTE — Frazier Moore is a national television columnist for The Associated Press. He can be reached at email@example.com and at http://www.twitter.com/tvfrazier
By Frazier Moore, The Associated Press
It's never too late to get a beautiful smile, but there is an optimal time period to being...
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Ashton Heating & Cooling in Oshawa has been taking care of the HVAC needs for residents of Durham...
Getting an insurance quote can be daunting, whether it's your first time, you've just moved to...


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From a Humboldt County Sheriff's Office press release:
On Sunday, at approximately 5:25 a.m., the Humboldt County Sheriff's Office received a 911 call from a concerned neighbor on Lee Lane, Eureka who said she heard the sound of a woman screaming and glass breaking coming from her neighbor's residence. The neighbor walked over to the residence where the screaming was coming from and knocked on the door. The door was answered by a 38-year-old female. The neighbor asked her if she was all right and the female shook her head, "No". The neighbor could hear a man in the background.
Deputies responded to the residence with lights and sirens. As the first deputy arrived on scene he heard the sound of a female crying inside the residence. He also heard the sound of items breaking and the slamming noise of a back door of the residence. The deputy saw a male run out the back of the residence. The deputy pursed the male on foot as he jumped over fences and onto a flat roof of nearby apartments. The deputy climbed onto the roof after the suspect and the suspect jumped off the roof and fled on foot. Additional deputies arrived on scene and assisted in the foot pursuit of the suspect and checking on the female. Deputies searched the area for the suspect, however could not locate him.
When the victim was interviewed, she told the deputies the suspect was Shawn Dorran McCallum, 37 years old. The victim told the investigating deputy she was asleep when she heard glass breaking in another bedroom of her residence.
The victim received minor cuts, bruises and abrasions during the assault and declined medical attention.
A Be-On-The-Lookout has been placed for McCallum who is wanted for burglary, domestic violence, false imprisonment, terrorist threats, attempted kidnapping and destroying a telephone.
Shawn Dorran McCallum is described as: 37 years old, black male adult, black hair, brown eyes, 5'9" tall, 180 lbs. He resides in Eureka.
Anyone with information for the Sheriff's Office regarding this case or related criminal activity is encouraged to call the Sheriff's Office at 707-445-7251 or the Sheriffs Office Crime Tip line at 707-268- 2539.


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A person who wears insanely short shorts to show off their genitals.
Wow John stop being such a mancrate, Suzy's nipples are already hard enough!
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23 May 2010
Zyrtec may cause drowsiness in some people. For me personally it doesn't cause drowsiness.
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STDs: Online archives of NEJM Journal Watch
STDs Archives
Some content may require paid access to the site.
Subscribe or purchase a seven-day site pass for the full text of all our clinical perspectives on medical journal articles, guidelines, and news.
- May 5, 2010 |Recent Trends in Congenital Syphilis and Herpes Simplex Virus Prevalence
- May 5, 2010 |Azithromycin for Early Syphilis?
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Although HIV prevention needs urgent attention, ethical issues surrounding research in this area are complex and far from being resolved.
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The jury's still out.
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- Platelet Transfusion Guidelines


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The geek mind wants to know the top teams in the National Football League, or who's likely to win the NBA Finals this coming year.
The geek mind wants to know who the hottest new models are, or whether the newest blockbuster movie is worth seeing. The geek mind wants to know.Read more.


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text:
Motion Computing outs Windows slate
Some say Intel's 'Oak Trail' platform - foundation for an upcoming Atom-based system-on-a-chip - isn't proving too popular with tablet makers, but Motion Computing, for one, will be using it. Its Motion CL900 slate will run Windows 7 on the Intel SoC. The chip giant announced Oak Trail in 2010, promising the platform's early …
Check the bezel on that one
It seems all the other tablets announced recently have been competing to eliminate the screen bezel as much as possible.
This thing is more bezel than that Elonex One from donkeys ago. Very retro.
Bezels are your friends
Minimal bezels may look better but wide ones work better. Having ample room to place your thumbs and to hold the thing instead of having to grip it at the edges is much more comfortable.
Apart from that I don't see a bright future for this thing.
Prices start at £825?
Wow, does it come with gold plating on the back?!
I think it must have been a typo. I'm sure it must have been a typo. Otherwise why would it be twice as much as a top-end netbook, iPad or Galaxy Tab? Or am I missing something about how much superior this device is to any of its obvious competitors?
Re: WOW
No, just the Windows tax on the front and the Intel tax on the inside.......
Made me laugh anyway.
RE: Prices will start at £825
April Fools...
What's new?
Motion have been making windows slate PCs for years.
We've still got a couple of theirs knocking around the storeroom here at work, running XP MCE. I somehow doubt the new ones are any more useful.
Apples and high-powered oranges
It's not a Netbook, it's a tablet computer with a 30GB SSD, wth a capacitive touchscreen that's larger than an iPad with pen support and it's also ruggedized for military use.
As for comparisons with an IPad, it's got USB and SD support and much more built in. It's much more powerful and feature-laden than an iPad.
I had a Motion M1300 slate about 8 years ago. Fantastic quality tablet. I'm looking for something of similar screen size to use for sheet music (since an iPad is too small for this).
Lasts "up to" 8 Hours...
*On Idle*.
iPad does more than 8 hours *while continuously playing 3D shooter* or watching movies.
Wake me up when you can beat that.
It's a different tool
Motion make high quality, and expensive, often semi-rugged slates. They're expensive because they probably don't make that many - and can't run a supply chain like Apple. But if a full-fat PC is what you want, that's relatively light, and you can hold in one hand, and operate in the other, they're pretty damned good. Especially as loads of the other manufacturers gave up on the slate format 4 or 5 years ago, and only build the convertible tablet things, with the built in keyboard.
Last time I looked at their site, their cheapest tablet was about £1,200 - this is a considerable cut. Remember that the 64GB iPad is already £600, and doesn't do pen input or USB, and is very locked down, this isn't a bad a margin in price, for the extra features. If you need them.
Personally I didn't, so got an iPad. But I liked Motion's kit.
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text:
"The 10 Trends That Are Changing The Face Of The NFL As We Know It"
03 Nov, 2012 by Craig Newmark
Print this article Font size -16+
One of them is "The no huddle is about to take over the league."
We'll see.
Also see...
A devastated father takes to Facebook with a blunt message after his son dies of an overdoseNov 08, 2014 | By Rachel Alexander
After his 20-year old son overdosed on drugs, Mike Stollings decided to post a photo of his body at the funeral home on Facebook out of grief and guilt. The...Read More
Craig Newmark
Associate Professor of Economics, North Carolina State Univ.
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Find records of Phillip Aechternacht
Find birth, death, marriage, military, and other records of Phillip Fredericke Aechternacht at Ancestry.com.Search for records
Biography & Family History Add details
Phillip Fredericke Aechternacht (1940 - 2009) was born on January 30, 1940. He was born into the Aechternacht family.
There are no known marriages or children on record for Phillip. Phillip died on February 9, 2009 at 69 years of age.
Phillip Fredericke Aechternacht's last known residence is at Kemp, Kaufman County, Texas.
This record of Phillip Fredericke Aechternacht comes from the United States Social Security Death Index. The death certificate for this record has been observed. This data can be considered accurate. What is the SSDI?
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Possible Relatives
- Jeannie A. (Aechternacht) Tomlinson
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- William L. Aechternacht
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- Alyssa L. (Aechternacht) Willis
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- William L. Aechternacht
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- Jeanne (Aechternacht) Cox
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- William L. Aechternacht Jr
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- Nancy L. (Aechternacht) Baldree
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- Nancy L. (Aechternacht) Burden
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- Lillian A. (Aechternacht) Sanders
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- Wanda J. (Aechternacht) Kelsey
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- Phillip F. Aechternacht
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- David R. Aechternacht
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- Stephen M. Aechternacht
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- James D. Aechternacht
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- Phillip M. Aechternacht
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- Mary J Aechternacht
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- Henry A Aechternacht
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- Henry D Aechternacht
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- Esther E Aechternacht
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- Kate M Aechternacht
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The Kansas City Royals announced Wednesday they have acquired infielder Ryan Jackson from the Los Angeles Dodgers in exchange for cash considerations.
Jackson, 26, missed most of the 2014 season with a right wrist injury.
Josh Willingham is retiring after 11 major league seasons, agent Matt Sosnick said Monday.
The 35-year-old outfielder hit .215 with 14 homers and 40 RBIs in 364 plate appearances this year with Minnesota and Kansas City.
On Tuesday, May 1, 2007, I was sitting in the Kauffman Stadium stands when Billy Butler singled against Angels starting pitcher Bartolo Colon. Seven years later I was in the auxiliary press box in the same ballpark when Butler singled off Tim Hudson in Game 7 of the 2014 World Series.
As fate would have it, I witnessed Butler's first major league hit of his career, and what appears to be his last hit with the Kansas City Royals.
ST. PETERSBURG, Fla. - Kansas City free agent Raul Ibanez, bench coach Don Wakamatsu and Cleveland bullpen coach Kevin Cash are the finalists to replace Joe Maddon as manager of the Tampa Bay Rays.
The Kansas City Royals announced three roster moves before the offseason reserve list deadline Thursday night.
The Royals acquired outfielder Reymond Fuentes from the San Diego Padres for left-handed pitcher Kyle Bartsch.
OAKLAND, Calif. - Billy Butler came so close to winning it all with Kansas City that it stings to be leaving his only professional team after such a special run, and with some unfinished business.
Billy Butler's time in Kansas City is officially over.
The eight-year veteran with the Royals agreed to a three-year, $30 million contract with the Oakland Athletics on Tuesday, ESPN The Magazine's Buster Olney confirmed.
I participated in an interesting discussion this week in my online graduate history course. The discussion was all about stats. The other students and I were discussing a book about the New Deal Era and the use of statistical information in this particular book.
Some critics of this particular book have pointed out that there were a set of significant stats left out of the text and accused the author of being too one-sided in the selection of her statistical evidence.
TOKYO - Takahiro Norimoto combined with three relievers on a no-hitter, and Japan beat the Major League Baseball All-Stars, 4-0, on Saturday in a game in which Seattle Mariners second baseman Robinson Cano broke his toe.
KANSAS CITY, Mo.
The Topeka Capital-Journal ©2014. All Rights Reserved.


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The Modern Surrealism
By Antonello Incagnone
31 Dec 2011
Surrealism is a cultural movement that began in the early 1920s, and is best known for the visual artworks and writings of the group members.
Surrealist works feature the element of surprise, unexpected juxtapositions and non sequitur; however, many Surrealist artists and writers[who?] regard their work as an expression of the philosophical movement first and foremost, with the works being an artifact. Leader André Breton was explicit in his assertion that Surrealism was above all a revolutionary movement.
Surrealism developed out of the Dada activities during World War I and the most important center of the movement was Paris. From the 1920s onward, the movement spread around the globe, eventually affecting the visual arts, literature, film, and music of many countries and languages, as well as political thought and practice, philosophy, and social theory.
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Massimo Bardelli gave props (12 Jan 2012):
Gran bel lavoro!!
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There were no warning signs until a couple of days before when he said his eczema had got slightly infected, but he went to work as normal on the Thursday.
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I am inspired to write this story when I read one of the Stories of Week (Week 33 - 25 July 2014) by Alan Ranger.


text:
From pollution to poverty, social enterprises like the Plastic Bank are discovering new solutions to old problems. And Canadian entrepreneur David Katz shows us the key to successful social enterprises lies in changing the way we think, finding the value in people and things everyone else tosses aside.
In ancient Greek mythology, King Sisyphus was cursed for an eternity to heave a massive boulder up a steep hill, only to watch the rock roll back down again and again when he nears the top. Compared to the struggles of women everywhere for equality and respect, you could say Sisyphus had it soft. At the current rate of progress it will take at least 81 years for women globally to achieve global equality in key areas, according to a new report from the World Economic Forum (WEF). Meanwhile, from the studios of the CBC to the streets of New York, recent stories of harassment and violence against women abound.
With our health care system, diabetes is more easily managed in Canada. But in a developing community, most can't afford a computerized glucometer. So diabetes goes largely untreated, leading to critical complications like blindness, heart disease and kidney failure. Diabetes claims 3.4 million lives every year.
The entire school in Ayr, Scotland, vibrated with anticipation. The lunchroom sounded more like a debate hall than a cafeteria. Kirsty McCahill watched the clock tick down to the closing bell. She rushed home, then to the nearby community centre to do what no Scottish 16-year-old had ever done before that day: vote on the future of her country.
The lesser known but long-fighting Satyarthi is a trailblazer for children's rights; Malala is the next generation. She is the youngest person to receive the Nobel Peace Prize, and at 17, the first teen. This is a profound and long-overdue recognition for the role of youth in changing our world for the better.
When I met Joe Opatowski I was looking for a hero. My father had just died from cancer. I was 12-years-old and had read Craig Kielburger's book "Free the Children" and I suppose at the time, given my disposition with regards to my father's illness, I had grandiose questions and was looking for a hero.
So many young Canadians are looking to make their mark on the world. Some pick up a shovel to build a school or a ladle in soup kitchens to serve the homeless. A small number choose a different way, traveling to Syria to pick up an AK-47. Where does the road diverge between the youth who choose the path of helping and those on the path of harm? And for those on the road toward extremism, are there points along their journey where they might be set on a positive path?
Like a decade ago, the goal is to end the Ebola crisis and allow a nation to begin its recovery. The next step will be to re-open schools shuttered by chaos and fear, allowing the next generation of health practitioners to be educated. But success will only be achieved -- and the next crisis averted before it begins -- if we all follow the example of those Canadian children who refused to ship out of Sierra Leone until the job was done.
In the dead of winter, minus 40 degree winds whistled through gaps around doors and windows of the decrepit portables that made up the entirety of their school. Until this month, that was life in elementary school in Attawapiskat. After a 14-year wait, children in the remote northern Ontario First Nations community have a real school again.
Irony -- when Canada's Minister of State for Multiculturalism is the victim of a racial slur. Minister Tim Uppal and his family walked into an Edmonton tennis club this past week and overheard a woman express disgust that the Sikh-Canadian family was allowed membership. She went on to suggest that Uppal was probably unemployed. It was an ugly reminder that Canada may be the land of multiculturalism, but we are not immune to racism.
No more hockey. No more swimming lessons. For 15,000 Thunder Bay families living in poverty, the proposed funding cuts in 2005 meant the end of the only affordable sports and recreation programs available to their children. The council debate was rancorous. The motion looked ready to pass. Then one councillor rose to remind his colleagues of their promise to the city's young: the Children's Charter.
In the small First Nations community of Moricetown, in central B.C., teens haunt the convenience stores and gas bars, their lives adrift. Locals call them "phantoms." Cain Michell, then 14, was one of them. His life changed when Moricetown teachers Tom and Lorna Butz came knocking in 2012,
Clemantine Wamariya went years without taking a shower. Living with the filth and stench was still preferable to risking rape in a refugee camp bathroom. It would be six more years before she again had a home not constructed out of blue and white United Nations tarps, and several more years before she became a Yale University grad and activist for displaced peoples. Wamariya's incredible success story is a testament to what refugees can achieve when every day is not just a fight for survival.
Although she attended primary school, Daisy's family couldn't afford the fees to send her to high school. But when Barengetuny was 19, development workers began travelling from village to village by motorcycle, including her community of Motony, introducing women to the micro-finance "merry-go-round." Now she's an established businesswoman.
I soon learned that anyone (even young people) could make a difference in the lives of others around the world. It all starts by committing to take one action in support of a local or global issue.
What astounds us is that, despite everything he saw and endured during the apartheid years, Tutu remains one of the most joyful human beings we know. A laugh is never far from his lips. When music plays, he is the first on his feet dancing. We can only attribute this to his mastery of the art of forgiveness. Tutu's soul remains unburdened by anger and vindictiveness.


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A printing sleeve for a flexographic printing process is prepared by spirally winding successive adhesive coated tapes onto a forming mandrel such that the outer tape covers the seam in the previous layer, providing heat to the thermoplastic adhesive layers at the initial contact point between two tapes, providing sufficient tension to ensure consolidation, and advancing the resultant printing sleeve off the mandrel by means of a drive belt.
1. A sleeve for supporting flexible printing plates, said sleeve having inner and outer surfaces, said sleeve comprising a multi-layer structure with the outermost layer of said structure comprising: a first layer of resinous material of uniform thickness bonded to a second layer of resinous material of uniform thickness by a third layer of thermoplastic adhesive, said adhesive having a thickness that is in the range of from about 25% to about 70% of the sum of the thicknesses of said first, second and third layers.
2. The sleeve as defined in claim 1, wherein said first layer has a thickness greater than said second layer.
3. The sleeve as defined in claim 1, wherein said second layer has a thickness greater than said first layer.
4. The sleeve as defined in claim 1, wherein said first and second layers are of equal thickness.
5. The sleeve as defined in claim 1, wherein said first and second layers of resinous material are polyester, said third layer being a polyethylene/polypropylene co-polymer.
6. The sleeve as defined in claim 1, wherein said sleeve is elastically expandable diametrically at least 20 mils when a uniform pressure is applied to the inner surface of said sleeve.
7. The sleeve as defined in claim 1, wherein the sleeve is spiral wound there being a first continuous spiral gap formed in the outer surface of said sleeve, said gap having a width of between 0 and 35 mils and a second continuous spiral gap formed in said inner surface, and second gap having a width between 0 and 50 mils.
8. The sleeve as defined in claim 7, wherein said continuous spiral gap formed in the outer surface of said sleeve is defined by opposed side walls and a bottom wall, said side walls comprising said first layer and a portion of said third layer, said bottom wall comprising another portion of said third layer.
This invention relates to a sleeve for use on a print cylinder, and more particularly, it relates to expandable sleeves which are readily mountable onto and dismountable from print cylinders using pressurized air to expand the sleeves for mounting and dismounting. This invention also includes a method and apparatus for forming the sleeves.
In the printing industry, flexible printing "plates" are mounted on sleeves that are readily and repeatably mounted and dismounted from the printing cylinders. The sleeves must be inexpensive, lightweight, resistant to handling damage, and able to withstand several expansions and still reliably grip the print cylinder without slippage (i.e. elastically expandable diametrically). Typically an interference fit with the print cylinder of from 3 to 15 mils is preferred. The sleeves should be expandable with the 40-100 psig air generally available in printing facilities and should expand sufficiently so they are easily slid over the print cylinder, so typically an expansion exceeding the amount of interference fit is required. The sleeves typically have a wall thickness of from about 10 to 40 mils or more.
There is also a need for a sleeve with a precision outer surface which is free of irregularities that cause printing defects and which has a uniform wall thickness that results in a difference in diameter (or trueness, or runout) of the outer wall surface when mounted on a true cylinder of less than 5 mils and preferably less than 1 mil. The surface irregularities must be minimized since the sleeves are occasionally used with printing plates made of a thin photopolymer laminates only 30-125 mils thick mounted with an adhesive layer only 15-20 mils thick. If the printing sleeve is made by helically winding tapes in layers, the tapes must never overlap themselves, and for high quality printing the helical gap between tape edges should be less than 35 mils on the outer surface and preferably less than 20 mils. Gaps at the inner layers are preferably less than 50 mils. A large gap on the outer surface may allow the printing plate to depress into the gap due to print machine pressure as the ink is applied to the plate and transferred from the plate to the paper, thereby producing a poorly printed image on the paper. A large gap on the inner surface may cause excess leakage of the pressurized air for mounting the sleeve.
There is also a need for a sleeve that can be elastically expanded repeatedly to grip the print cylinder firmly to prevent slipping of the sleeve on the cylinder during use. It would be useful to have an expansion of at least 20 mils across the diameter when 40-60 psi fluid pressure is applied (measured by applying pressure to a sealed sleeve acting as a closed cylinder). The elastic expandable sleeve must also have a minimum stiffness across the diameter. There is a need for diametral stiffness for ease of mounting and when the sleeve is dismounted from the print cylinder so the sleeve does not sag with normal handling or during horizontal storage thereby causing distortion in the print plate and sleeve that makes re-mounting the sleeve a problem. The combined features of high expandability and sufficient stiffness are difficult to achieve in a single sleeve structure.
There are many different diameter printing sleeves employed and many different length sleeves. An economical manufacturing process for making sleeves is to make the sleeves on a spiral tube winding machine which permits continuous operation with a simple inexpensive piece of equipment. The machine utilizes a cantilevered, rigid, stationary mandrel on which narrow tapes are guided at an angle to form a helical tubular structure on the mandrel. A drive belt, looped around drive drums and positioned at the same angle to the mandrel, wraps around the tubular tape structure and rotationally and axially propels the structure along the mandrel. At the unsupported end of the mandrel, the tubular structure is periodically cut across its axis to separate the finished product from the still-forming structure.
There is a need for a spiral tube manufacturing process that can provide a quality sleeve for short run lots where the diameter of the sleeve and thickness of the sleeve and hence the helical wrap angle of the sleeve can be readily changed with little waste of raw material or extensive set-up time. Several variables in the helical tube making process contribute to the difficulty of setting up such a process and achieving good running conditions in a short time and with a minimum of poor quality product waste.
Such variables are:
1) variations in the width of the tape supplied;
2) variations in the cut edge quality of the tapes supplied due to poor slitting that produces camber in the edge or edge damage during shipping and handling;
3) variations in the friction between the tapes and the mandrel;
4) variations in the drive belt tension that cause slipping of the belt on the tubular structure or slipping of the belt on the drive drums;
5) variations in the speed of the drive drums for the belt;
6) variations in the angle of the drive belt during operation due to tension variations and slippage, and bending of the mandrel;
7) variations in the tension of the tapes fed to the mandrel;
8) variations in the angle of the tapes fed to the mandrel due to tape wandering (poor tape guiding);
9) inability of the operator to closely monitor the helical gap;
10) wear in the gear trains driving the belt drive drums that causes irregular speed changes in the belt;
11) inaccuracies in the drum diameters and gear train connecting the drums that results in dynamic friction on one drum (more variable than static friction) due to inability to match surface speeds when slightly different diameter drums are geared together.
As for variables due to variations in the speed of the drive drums and slippage of the belt on the drive drums in conventional spiral winding, a downstream drive drum is driven by a motor, and an upstream drive drum is driven by a mechanical linkage to the downstream drum, or is simply an idler. The disadvantages of these configurations are that in the first case employing a mechanical linkage to drive the upstream drum, the peripheral speed of both drive drums are generally not exactly equal due to normal machining and gearing tolerances and therefore the drive belt slides on at least one of the drive drums. This slippage causes a loss of driving power from the slipping drum, and also, potentially, variation in the drive belt speed which could adversely affect the stability of the tube being produced, principally in achieving a tight tolerance small gap between successive wraps. In the second case the upstream drum operates as simply an idler which removes the potential problems of belt slippage due to differential drum speed since the drum is free to rotate at the belt speed; however, the upstream drum applies no additional driving force to the belt and therefore the downstream drum must provide all the driving force, compensate for all torque variations in the tube making process, and rely on the frictional contact between the downstream driven drum and the belt for control. Belt slippage with this arrangement can also be a problem with high torque loads.
The invention is a cylindrical sleeve which is a multi-layer structure comprising at least two structural layers of heat stabilized, resinous material, the structural layers bonded together by at least one adhesive layer of heat meltable, thermoplastic, material. The adhesive layer is preferably a two-ply layer where two adhesive layers (plies) are blended where they join to appear as a single layer. The adhesive layers are relatively thick and are concentrated near the center of the multi-layer structure thickness; the structural layers are concentrated away from the center. It is believed that concentrating the structural layers away from the center results in a multi-layer structure that is stiffer than a similar structure where the structural layers are concentrated near the center. The thick adhesive layer allows for a simple multi-layer structure made from a minimum of layers. The sleeve can be designed for expansibility considering only two or three structural layers for strength and the remaining thickness requirements can be met with one or two adhesive layers. For large thickness requirements, this results in a simple structure having a uniform thickness that is economical to fabricate with few layers, and the thicker layers are made from a relatively inexpensive material not having critical strength requirements. A basic design can thereby be easily varied to provide varying uniform thicknesses without design time spent recalculating the expansibility strength requirements.
More particularly, the invention is a sleeve product made of a plurality of multi-layer, resinous tapes, each multi-layer tape including a thermoplastic adhesive layer thermally bonded to a resinous structural layer, with the outermost tapes thermally bonded to each other with the adhesive layers facing each other to form a relatively thick, two-ply, adhesive layer, which comprises about 25-70% of the total wall thickness of the sleeve. The sleeve is elastically expandable so that the inner diameter of the sleeve is expandable at least 20 mils by the application of fluid pressure to the inner surface of the sleeve. The relatively thick adhesive layer concentrated near the center of the wall thickness comprises a significant portion of the sleeve and plays an important role in achieving the large expandability and stiffness of the sleeve. It separates the major load-carrying resinous layers apart which creates a beam structure with improved bending strength, i.e. good sleeve stiffness. In addition the sleeve is spiral wound forming a continuous spiral gap in the outer surface of the sleeve with a gap width of up to 35 mils. The gap is defined by opposed side walls a bottom wall. The side walls and comprise the outer resinous layer and a portion of the thermoplastic adhesive layer and the bottom wall comprises another portion of the thermoplastic adhesive layer. The invention includes a method of making a spiral wound sleeve where one adhesive coated tape is wrapped on a mandrel with the adhesive side facing away from the mandrel, another adhesive coated tape is wrapped onto the first tape with the adhesive side facing the first tape, and positioned to bridge the seam of the first tape. The adhesive coated sides of both tapes are heated at the nip formed as they come together on the mandrel to join the adhesive layers together without substantially heating the remainder of the tape.
The invention includes a method for rapidly setting up and achieving quality running conditions for continuously making a spiral wrapped sleeve with a narrow gap width in the outer tubular surface. The invention includes: tape width control and guiding by slitting adjacent the mandrel to maintain the predetermined gap; rapid heat transfer to and from an adhesive coating on the tape by applying heat directly to the adhesive coating on two mating tapes as they nip together tape on the unheated mandrel; uniform friction between tape and mandrel by providing an air cushion and a low friction mandrel surface; uniform belt speed by providing shared torque to the drive drums and fluid pressure-applied tension to the belt that results in minimal belt slippage on drums or sleeve, and insensitivity to friction variations of drums, belt, sleeve, or mandrel; on-line magnified video monitoring of the outer tape helical gap to assist in adjusting the slitter to minimize gap width rapidly at set-up and thereby reduce start-up waste and set-up time.
The invention encompasses a system for spiral winding tight tolerance tubing employing independent dual drives for both drums. This is accomplished by driving each drum by its own individual motor allowing additional force and torque transmission, while removing the slippage concern since the upstream drum is free of a mechanical linkage forcing its peripheral speed; it can transmit its torque load at the given drive belt speed. In a preferred embodiment of this dual independent drive system, each of the drives applies a portion of the torque required to turn the drive belt at a certain speed. In this configuration one drive may serve as a master and the other a follower. In this torque shared system, both drives operate with a minimum of slippage between the drive belt and the drums establishing a very stable drive system for spiral tube production.
FIG. 1 shows a partial overall view of a spiral tube winding machine for continuously making the sleeve of the invention.
FIG. 2 shows a partial plan view of the mandrel and drive belt of FIG. 1.
FIG. 3 shows a partial overall view of the tape slitting and guiding means, and means for heating the spirally winding tapes on the mandrel of FIG. 1.
FIG. 4 shows an enlarged section view of the mandrel and sleeve taken along lines 4--4 of FIG. 3.
FIG. 5 shows details of the mandrel of FIGS. 1 and 2.
FIGS. 6A, 6B, 6C and 6D show the sleeve of this invention along with enlarged cross-section views of the wall thickness of three embodiments of the sleeves of the invention.
FIG. 1 shows a partial overall view of a spiral tube winding machine 20 for continuously making the sleeve of the invention where the devices upstream of the point of winding each tape 40 and 42 on the mandrel 22 have been omitted for clarity. Such means are designated diagramatically in FIG. 2 by the tape slitting and guiding means 24 and 26 and the tape supply means 28 and 30 with tape tensioning means 27 and 29 for applying constant tension. The tape slitting and guiding means are further described referring to means 24 in FIG. 3. A cutting means 31, such as a rotary cutter, is provided to periodically engage the moving completed tube 44 to separate a completed piece of tube from the continuously forming tube.
The tube winding machine 20 comprises a frame 32 having a top surface 34 upon which a mandrel support 36 and belt carriage assembly 38 are attached. The mandrel 22 provides a smooth cylindrical surface for spirally winding a plurality of tapes, such as tapes 40 and 42 to make tube 44. The mandrel 22 is removably attached to the support 36 by conventional clamping means (not shown) so that different sized mandrels can be rapidly attached for making different tube sizes. The carriage 38 comprises drums 46 and 48 journaled to slideable bases 50 and 52 that are supported and guided by rail 54. Base 52 may be slid along rail 54 by rotation of hand wheel 56 that is connected to carriage 38 and engages base 52 through a conventional worm gear structure (not shown). Base 50 may be slid along rail 54 by a fluid cylinder 58 that is connected to carriage 38. The fluid cylinder 58 also provides a means for continuously maintaining tension in an endless drive belt 60 that is entrained about both drums 46 and 48 and tube 44 in a conventional manner. Drum 46 is rotationally attached to drive motor 62 mounted to base 50 and drum 48 is rotationally attached to drive motor 64 mounted to base 52. The carriage 38 is pivotally attached to frame 32 at pivot 66 and can be angularly adjusted and held in place by handwheel 68 attached to frame 32 and engaged with carriage 38 by a conventional threaded rod and captive nut structure designated by 70. The motors 62 and 64 are electrically connected to drive control 72 which controls the torque and speed of each motor independently of the other. The speed of the motors is set to be the same (assuming the drum diameters are the same), but the total torque required to propel drive belt 60 can be shared by adjusting the torque output by each motor; for instance, motor 62 may provide 50% of the required torque and motor 64 may provide 50%; or motor 62 may provide 60% of the required torque and motor 64 may provide the remaining 40%. By independently controlling the shared torque, uncontrolled slippage of one drum or the other with the belt is minimized and stabilized; this permits stable, reliable speed control of the belt and therefore of the tape winding propelled by the belt. This also permits control in the cinching action caused by the belt as it drives the sleeve, thereby permitting friction to be minimized between the sleeve and the mandrel during operation. In operation, drum 46 is the downstream drum and its speed is the set speed; drum 48 is the upstream drum and its speed adjusts to equal that of downstream drum 46. It has been discovered that a preferred torque share ratio is to have the upstream drum 48 provide more of the torque than the downstream drum 46, such as a 90/10 ratio. This results in lower mandrel deflection, less fluctuation in mandrel deflection and, it is believed, less cinching of the sleeve.
It may also be possible to drive only the upstream drum and control its speed directly, and let the downstream drum act as an idler drum. This goes against the teachings in the art where the downstream drum is driven and the upstream drum is the idler. Surprisingly, it has been found that if the upstream drum is the only driver, the bending fluctuations on the mandrel are reduced significantly, thereby reducing axial propulsion fluctuations of the belt on the tube 44 and fluctuating in the tape to mandrel angle; this results in a uniform gap.
FIG. 3 shows the tapes 40 and 42 winding onto the mandrel due to the action of the drive belt 60 (FIGS. 1 and 2) that rotationally and axially propels the tube 44 along the mandrel by means well known in the spiral tube winding art. For each rotation of the tube, the tube must advance along the mandrel by a distance X greater than the width 74 or 76 of the tapes 40 and 42 respectively being wound onto the mandrel. The distance X is related to the angle 78 (FIG. 2) that the belt 60 makes with the mandrel, the diameter of the mandrel, and the widths of the tapes used. The tapes 40 and 42 are wound onto the mandrel at angles 80 and 82 respectively that approximate the value of angle 78. For an ideal zero gap seam, X equals the tape width divided by the sine of the angle 78. If the distance X is less than ideal, the tapes will overlap themselves and form an overlapped spiral seam. If the distance X is greater than ideal, the tapes will be spaced from themselves and form a gapped spiral seam. The value of X is fairly sensitive to small variations in the belt angle 78; a simple means to correct for lack of an ideal situation, as taught by this invention, is to vary the width of the tapes close to the mandrel where they are being wound on. When making the sleeve of the invention it is always desired to make a narrow gapped spiral seam, but the width of the gap must be carefully controlled at a predetermined value; the spiral gap may be different or the same for each tape 40 and 42. Preferably, the gap for the inside diameter tape is controlled over a wider range between 0-50 mils and the gap for the outside diameter tape is controlled over a narrower range between 0-35 mils. Note that the inner tape 40 is wrapped around the outer diameter of the mandrel, and the outer tape 42 is wrapped around the outer diameter of the inner tape. To secure the outer tape to the inner tape, heating means 83 applies heat to the juncture or nip 85 where the two tape surfaces come together to soften the thermoplastic layers present there as will be discussed referring to FIG. 4. The tapes are wound onto the mandrel under tension which acts to consolidate the heated adhesive layers to bring the tapes into intimate contact and form a strong lamination. The angles of all the tapes are inclined in the same direction relative to the tube axis.
To control the spiral gap of the tapes and guide the tapes onto the mandrel, the conventional practice is to pre-slit the tapes off-line to the proper width and make small adjustments in the angles 78, 80, and 82 to achieve the desired gap. This requires a significant amount of trial and error that involves making a sufficient length of tube while waiting for the angular changes to completely equilibrate in the process. During this period, waste product is being made. For long runs lasting several hours or days, this may not be significant, but for short runs, it represents a high percentage of downtime and waste. Applicants have discovered that if the tape widths are slit on-line near the point of winding, this downtime and waste to achieve a small spiral gap can be considerably reduced so short runs are practical. To precisely control the spiral gap and guide the tapes onto the mandrel, the tapes are slit just before they are wound onto the mandrel. To accurately monitor the more critical spiral gap on the outer diameter of the tube, a video camera 84, connected to video monitor 86, is diagrammatically shown focussed on the spiral gap 87 after the outer tape 40 is completely wound onto the mandrel to complete the tube 44. The camera may be placed at any convenient rotational position around the mandrel, but preferable it is placed to look at the gap shortly after it is formed so any deviations can be detected quickly before a significant amount of unacceptable product is formed. The video image preferably magnifies the gap 100× so it can be easily seen and measured by the operator on the scale 88 placed on the video monitor screen. The operator can then manually adjust the slitting/guide means 24 a calculated to vary the tape width until the gap seen on the video screen returns to a preselected value. Since the slitting position is located near the wrapping tube and the video camera sensor, changes made to the slit width are rapidly incorporated in the wrapping tube to keep the gap near the predetermined width without making waste. To provide the precision necessary to reliably control the gap, the video camera/monitor gap sensing system should have an accuracy of about +/-2.5 mils. Alternatively, the video image could be automatically analyzed and a signal produced to automatically control the tape slitting/guiding means 24 to vary the width of the tape 40.
Conventional pairs of tape slitting wheels 90, 92, and 94, 96 are provided to slit the two edges of the tape 40 shown in FIG. 3. The pairs of wheels are attached to width-wise adjusting means 98 and 100 so pairs 90, 92 and 94, 96 respectively can be adjusted independently. Roll 102 supports the tape between the pairs of slitting wheels. Rolls 104 and 106 carry the tape through an S-wrap to guide it into the slitting wheels, the rolls 108 and 110 carry the tape through an S-wrap to guide the tape leaving the slitting wheels. The use of slitting and S-wrap guide rolls near where the tape is wound onto the mandrel permits precise edge guiding and width adjustment without pressing against the edges of the tape which may damage the edges and create uniformity problems in the quality of the wound tube. Fine adjustments in edge tension of the slit tape can be made by adjusting guide bar 112 about support 114 just before the tape is wound onto the mandrel. Although the tape slitting and guiding has been described only with respect to tape 40, the same system is applied to tape 42 and any other tapes that may be combined on the mandrel to form a tube 44. In the case of tape 42 and other inner tapes, the gap range permitted is larger than the critical outer tape gap, so video monitoring may not be required to detect an acceptable gap on these inner tapes during set-up and operation.
Referring to FIG. 4, the tapes used in making the sleeves preferably each comprise a multi-layer structure of a heat stabilized, resinous layer 40a and 42a, such as polyethylene terephthalate (Mylar®) film by DuPont, and a heat meltable, thermoplastic adhesive layer 40b and 42b. The resinous layer may be an oriented polymer. In addition to Mylar®) polyester film; other materials may be useful for the structural layer such as polyvinyl resins, like polyvinyl chloride and polyvinyl acetate, and polystyrene. The adhesive of the invention is preferably a crystallizable polymer with a crystalline phase which exists below a melt point, and a viscous liquid phase above the melt point which is well above room-temperature, such as about 150-250 degrees F. In the crystalline phase, the adhesive has properties of a solid polymer. One such adhesive is sometimes referred to as a hot melt adhesive. In comparison, a contact adhesive is an amorphous polymer, not having a crystalline phase, and having properties of a highly viscous liquid at room temperature making its bonds more susceptible to creep. Some polymers having characteristics of the adhesive of the invention would be polyethylene, polypropylene, a co-polymer of polyethylene and polypropylene, nylon, polyester, polyvinyl, etc. all of which must have melt points below the reorientation or softening temperature of the polymer of the structural layer. The tapes are arranged so that when they are wound together on the mandrel, the same or similar adhesive layers of the outermost tape and adjacent tape come together to form a single, relatively thick, two-ply adhesive layer 116. The two adhesive layers should belong to compatible chemical families so they combine easily, although some differences may exist, such as a difference in viscosity at the joining temperature. The two adhesive layers are combined into a single layer with the joint blended together by the application of heat from heating means 83 which may consist of a hot air blower with a nozzle 118 that directs the hot air across the width of tape 40 and toward the nip 85 where tape 40 meets tape 42 on the mandrel. The application of heat to the surface of the adhesive layers 40b and 42b just before and just as they join on the mandrel provides a highly efficient and easily controllable heating of the tapes for joining. The heat is applied only to the adhesive layers and only just before bonding without substantially heating the structural layers. "Without substantially heating" means the structural layers do not reach as high a temperature as the adhesive layer at the time that the adhesive layers come together and form the bond between the tapes. In one case for a 53/4 ID sleeve with a wall structure similar to FIG. 6C, when the temperature of the adhesive was about 240 degrees F. for joining, the surface of the structural layer on the outside of the sleeve was only about 170 degrees F. where the tapes came together at the nip. This is important to assist with rapid cooling of the adhesive after joining, and also for keeping the temperature of the adhesive joint low where it has been pre-applied to the structural layer. Heat may also be applied to the adhesive layers at the nip using other means, such as flame heating, microwave heating, ultrasonic heating, radiant heating and the like. The joining of one adhesive layer with another adhesive layer to form a two-ply adhesive layer provides a very strong bond with a high peel strength. Thermal bonding with thermoplastic adhesive layers is preferred over use of a contact adhesive not requiring heat, since the thermal bond has much higher peel strength and will withstand numerous expansions of the sleeve without delaminating or significantly creeping. After the tapes are joined at nip 85 to form tube 44, they are cooled by contact with the unheated structural layers 40a and 42a and by close proximity to the unheated mandrel 22. There is also an unheated supply of air providing a film of air between the tape 42 and the mandrel 22 to provide a low friction interface between the tube and mandrel that may also help cool the tube. Other means of cooling applied to the outside of the tube are also possible. The process of the invention produces a quality tube structure with good delamination resistance even after many expansions, small spiral gaps in the outer surface, and good wall thickness control so the outer diameter of the combined tape thicknesses in the sleeve is within 5 mils and preferably within 1 mil to 0.5 mil, of the maximum outer diameter of the sleeve when mounted with an interference fit on a perfect cylinder.
FIG. 5 shows details of the mandrel 22 which consists of a shell material 120 having a plurality of axially and radially distributed ports, such as 122 and 124, that are connected to a source of pressurized air 125 by conduits, such as 126 and 128 that may be manifolded together to feed conduit 130. When the tube 44 is in place on the mandrel, the pressurized air issuing from the plurality of ports, such as 122 and 124 provide a cylindrical film of air 132 around the mandrel that supports the tube. The film of air 132 flows to the surroundings at the end of the tube, such as at 134, where the tapes 40 and 42 are being wrapped, and at the end of the mandrel, such as at 136. The film of air provides a consistent low friction interface between the mandrel and the tube. The shell material 120 is preferably a rigid material with a low surface coefficient of friction, relative to the tube material contacting it, to minimize frictional resistance to tube motion during start-up and occasional contact between the tube and shell. Since the mandrel is hollow and open at both ends, cooling media may be directed through the mandrel to further assist in tube cooling.
The spiral sleeves made on the tube winding machine as taught are further described referring to the full view of the sleeve in FIG. 6A and axial cross-section views of the sleeve wall thickness shown in FIGS. 6B, 6C and 6D. The axial cross-section views are taken along a line such as 6--6 of FIG. 6A. These cross-sections (except for the slot) are also typical in the circumferential direction. Referring to FIG. 6B, the sleeve consists of an outer structural layer 138 of a resinous material having a thickness 156, an adhesive layer 140 of a thermoplastic material having a thickness 150, and an inner structural layer 142 of a resinous material having a thickness 154. The adhesive layer 140 is preferably a two-ply layer formed from the combining of pre-applied adhesive layers on the tapes 40 and 42 used to form the sleeve. Preferably, the adhesive layer pre-applied to each tape is at least 2 mils thick to assure good compliance and "wetting" at the joint so there are no pockets or skips in the joint across the width of the outer tape as the heated adhesive layers come together. The two plies are apparent when examining the layer 140 at the spiral gap 87 where the leading edge 144 of outer tape 40 is spaced from the trailing edge 146 of outer tape 40. The thickness 148 of the adhesive layer 140 at the gap 87 is only equal to the pre-applied adhesive layer on tape 42 which is less than the combined total thickness 150 of the adhesive layer. The gap, then, is defined by opposed side walls and a bottom wall. The side walls comprise the outer tape layer 138 of thickness 156 and a portion of the thermoplastic adhesive layer 140 which was preapplied to outer layer 138. The bottom wall comprises another portion of the thermoplastic adhesive layer 140 which was preapplied to inner tape layer 142. Note that the pre-applied adhesive layer on the outer structural layer 138 has not been deformed by the bonding process so that it flows into the gap formed between the leading edge and trailing edge of outer tape 40; that is, the portion of the gap formed between the edges of the pre-applied adhesive layer on structural layer 138 is not narrower than the portion of the gap formed between the edges of structural layer 138. It is believed this controlled deformation retains the uniformity of the pre-applied adhesive layer and results in a more uniform wall thickness in the final sleeve product. Line 152 represents the joint between the two pre-applied adhesive layers on the tapes, but this joint is not apparent in the layer 140 due to complete bonding of the adhesive layers. Note that the preapplied adhesive layer, having thickness 148, on the inner structural layer 142 has also not been excessively deformed by the heating and tube forming process; it does not cause the bottom wall of the gap 87 to bulge upward beyond the joint line 152. This likewise contributes to the uniform wall thickness of the final sleeve product. The relative thickness 150 of adhesive layer 140 compared to the combined structural and adhesive layer thicknesses, 150, 154 and 156, is an important feature of the sleeve product invention. In FIG. 6B, the adhesive layer is about 5 mils thick and the structural layers are about 7 mils and 3 mils thick. The relative adhesive thickness is 5/15 or 33%. The relatively thick adhesive layer is believed to serve two purposes:
1) it spaces apart the two structural layers which results in a higher wall thickness bending strength (stiffness) for the structure, considering the cross-section (excluding the gap) as a beam; the structural layers are farther from the neutral axis, or bending axis, of the "beam";
2) it provides a low cost, thickness-variable layer that permits the thickness of a given sleeve design to be easily varied to accommodate different thickness requirements without having to recalculate the expansibility strength. Therefore, a calculated amount of elastic expansion is provided while also providing a relatively stiff sleeve.
In the sleeves of the invention, the structural layers are concentrated away from the center of the cross-section, or using the beam analogy, away from the neutral axis of the beam. The weaker adhesive layers are concentrated near the neutral axis, which for simplicity can be regarded as near the geometric center of the thickness. Note also that the outer layer is typically the thicker of the structural layers. Preferably, the outer layer of the sleeve is at least 2.5 mils thick. This is beneficial to prevent damage to the outer diameter of the sleeve, which is the part of the sleeve most subject to damage such as cutting during its intended use as a print sleeve or a roll cover.
FIG. 6C shows another example of the sleeve invention where the inner structural layer 138a is a resinous material that is about 10 mils thick, the two-ply adhesive layer 140a is a thermoplastic material that is 20 mils thick, and the outer structural layer 142a is a resinous material that is about 10 mils thick. The relative adhesive thickness is 20/40, or 50%. Other sleeves may range from a small diameter, thick walled sleeve with about 70% adhesive to a large diameter, thin walled sleeve having about 25% adhesive.
In some cases, it may be desired to have a thicker walled printing sleeve while also changing the expansibility as long as the outermost layers continue to have the characteristics discussed with respect to the three-layer sleeves of FIGS. 6B and 6C; that is, two structural layers connected together by an adhesive layer that is 25% to 70% of the thickness of the three layers, and preferably the adhesive layer is a two-ply layer that is evidenced by the characteristic stepped adhesive structure in the outer gap. In this case, additional tapes can be added to a basic sleeve design. For instance, the sleeve of FIG. 6B may be modified by adding another inner layer tape as shown in FIG. 6D, so that a three tape sleeve is produced which would have five layers; three structural and two adhesive. The added tape may be one such as inner tape 158 that is comprised of a structural layer 160 of a resinous material with pre-applied adhesive layers on both top and bottom sides. The pre-applied adhesive layer on the top side of tape 158 would combine with the pre-applied adhesive layer on the bottom side of outer tape 40 to form two-ply adhesive layer 162; and the pre-applied adhesive layer on the bottom side of tape 158 would combine with the pre-applied adhesive layer on the top side of innermost tape 42 to form two-ply adhesive layer 164. The relative adhesive thickness of the three outer layers is now the sum of the two layers 162, which is about 5 mils, compared to the two outer structural layers that are about 7 mils, and about 3 mils; that is 5/15 or 33%. Note that as long as the tapes used have 25-70% adhesive, the entire multi-layer sleeve structure will have a relative adhesive thickness of 25-70%.
The sleeve may also be modified by the addition of a tape with only one adhesive layer that can be bonded to a structural layer, as long as it is not on the outer layer of the sleeve. For instance, the tape 166, shown in phantom in FIG. 6D, could be added so adhesive layer 168 is bonded to structural layer 142. This does not form as strong a joint as an adhesive-to-adhesive bond, but it is adequate for the inner layers of the sleeve, which are subject to less abuse compared to the outer surface. Note that if one of the tapes has two adhesive layers, such as tape 158, another tape may only contain a single resinous layer without adhesive.
The sleeves of FIGS. 6B and 6C both have an expansibility of at least 20 mils which is elastic. By 20 mils elastic expansion is meant the sleeve can be expanded diametrally 20 mils and held in the expanded state in use on a print cylinder or roll, and can be removed and recover to essentially its original diametral dimension. Little or no plastic deformation or creep has occurred. The sleeve can then be re-expanded and re-used, and again be removed and recover its original dimension. For a sleeve of 91/4 inch ID, a wall thickness of 40 mils, and a wall structure similar to FIG. 6C, a maximum elastic expansion of about 130 mils was observed.
The layer structure used for the sleeves of the invention form a surprisingly stiff structure for the amount of structural material used. Sleeves were evaluated using the CCTI (Composite Can and Tube Institute) Standard Testing Procedure T-128. The test measures side-to-side compression of the tubes and results in a "stiffness factor" of pounds per inch deflection per inch specimen length. For tubes under 12 inch inside diameter, the specimen length is 4 inches. Several sleeves of the invention ranging in inside diameter from 4.1 to 9.3 inches and varying in wall thickness from 15 mils to 41 mils were found to have better stiffness than some commercially obtained sleeves using a higher percentage of the same structural material; a contact adhesive material was used in the commercial sleeves.
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Iain Thow
Walking Guide in summer, mostly in NW Highlands,mainly for www.nwfrontiers.com
Outdoor shop staff in winter, in Castleton, Peak District www.safariquip.co.uk
Derbyshire/NW Highlands
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How to pick one? Centurion, Hammer, Integrity, Direct(Mot), Little Brown Jug,
a week on Lundy, 100 routes in a day on Stanage, Reiff & Scugdale, Cuillin Ridge, Matterhorn, Nadelgrat, Aletschhorn, Grivola, Cook, Tasman, winter in Morocco,
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Suffering from the after effects of Lyme Disease since 2007
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Make Me Over
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11 original stories about transforming ourselves
Not much to it / René Saldaña, Jr.
Bedhead red, peekaboo pink / Marilyn Singer
Vision quest / Peni R. Griffin
Wabi's ears / Joseph Bruchac
Honestly, truthfully / Terry Trueman
The resurrection / Jess Mowry
Bazooka Joe and the chaos kid / Norma Howe
The plan / Marina Budhos
Lucky six / Evelyn Coleman
Butterflies / Margaret Peterson Haddix
Young adult fiction, American
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I gave it to my wife, a native Sicilian, for her birthday. She fell in love with it and it now graces the entranceway to our kitchen.
I bought this as a housewarming gift for my daughter. It was great that it was Italian for welcome as we visited Italy only a year ago. She loved it and she had several places in her new home where the item looked wonderful
I love this sign. It is lighter than I expected and hangs perfectly above some pictures of Italy.
I collect welcome signs and this welcome in Italian is perfect for my Italian-decorated home. A wonderful invitation in my foyer.....and theme related!
This is just the right touch for a small but noticible place over my doorway to greet guests when they enter the familyroom. Simple and elegant.


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Massachusetts Blazed the Trail to Marriage Equality
May 17, 2014 by Guest contributor
Post submitted by Chad Gifford, former CEO of BankBoston and Chairman of Bank of America, and his wife Anne were early public supporters of marriage equality.
We should be immensely proud that Massachusetts blazed the trail to marriage equality. It's hard to believe all that has happened and all we have learned over these past 10 years. States throughout the land are following our lead and courts everywhere are supporting this basic human right of equality. The President and so many respected leaders are with us and polls throughout the country show an incessantly increasing majority espouse equal marriage. And most importantly, more and more LGBT couples are enjoying the joy and respect that a legal marriage brings to a committed couple. Despite our progress more remains to be accomplished until all men and women have the legal ability to marry the person he or she loves.
This journey has been powerful for our family as we have witnessed first hand the pride and the confidence that comes with equality. In fact we just returned from a week in Europe with our son and his partner. We saw and rejoiced in the love they feel for each other-and which we feel for them as a couple. There are many, many heroes that have led this effort and gotten us to where we are today. The HRC in Massachusetts led the way and if we were able to play a small role in the realization of equality, well that makes us very, very proud.
Thank you to the plaintiffs, GLAD attorneys, and MassEquality's coalition of 17 organizations that helped to make Massachusetts marriage a reality.
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