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Prince of Persia: The Sands of Time is a 2003 video game and the first chapter in the newer Prince of Persia trilogy developed by Ubisoft. It reproduced the series' popular combination of combat and climbing puzzles, and added Le Parkour and what is still the most successful use of time-distortion effects (previously seen in such games as Max Payne and Blinx: The Time Sweeper), as well as creating an entirely new story with a more complex hero, an expanded role for the princess, and one doozy of a plot twist. The Prince is a young man accompanying his father to an Indian-like kingdom, whose Vizier betrayed them to the Prince's armies. Among the spoils of that kingdom is a large hourglass called "The Sands of Time" and a dagger that the Prince claims. The Vizier then tricks the Prince into opening the hourglass and unleashing the curse of the sands upon the land. Confused over what happened, he finds himself in the company of Farah, a princess of the kingdom he just ransacked and who has knowledge of what he has done, and has to go fix what he broke.For the sequels, see Prince of Persia: Warrior Within and Prince of Persia: The Two Thrones. For the film adaptation, see Prince of Persia: The Sands of Time.
Tropes appearing in this game:


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Parents need to be careful with their children these days—not for the safety of the children, but for the well-being of the parent. More parents are facing arrests and court battles for leaving children alone, even if the kids aren't in danger
What would've happened to the cast of�Cheers�if nobody ever knew their name?"I'd be running a...
Portia de Rossi has booked a multi-episode arc on�Scandal's fourth season, TVGuide.com has...
Ed Goodwin is not a man who likes to quit. Having played music for the public most of his life the Grayville man has had to learn to roll with the punches as band members come and go.
I�m in favor of taking care of children.I hope you are, too.
Chuck Palahniuk�is revisiting�
Something to Talk About
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St George's Cathedral
Named after the patron saint of England, who is traditionally believed to have been martyred in Palestine early in the 4th century, St...
Museum on the Seam
Conflict, prejudice, racism (and occasional coexistence) are on display at the Museum on the Seam , a socio-political/contemporary-art...
YMCA East Jerusalem
Offers three-month Arabic-language courses for 1200NIS. Classes meet twice weekly in the evenings.
Cellar Bar
Tucked inside the historic American Colony Hotel, this vaulted basement bar is an intimate nook dating back to the late 19th century....
El Dorado Café
This locally popular cafe and sweets shop serves excellent lattes, espressos and milkshakes, plus candy imported from Syria. The...
23 Nablus Rd · interesting places nearby
Arabesque information
Located inside the prestigious American Colony Hotel, the Arabesque attracts both hotel guests and tourists looking for a quality dining experience. The menu is meat based, with tempting lamb chops and steaks. Don't miss the Saturday buffet, a seafood and meat bonanza with enticing delicacies such as ostrich soup, steamed mussels and Lebanese desserts.


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Pembrokeshire | Children's Drama Groups, Drama Classes for Children, Singing, Dancing, Clubs
Children's drama groups and schools throughout the UK. You will find weekly drama clubs for children, acting classes and holiday drama clubs to keep children entertained throughout the school holidays.
Stagecoach Theatre Arts - HaverfordwestSir Thomas Picton School, Queensway, Haverfordwest SA61 2NX
Do you need a more interesting party activity for your child? Nugent Education can help. We've had great success in providing new, interesting and entertaining activities that most organisations don't offer.
We can make a party, something to remember, and entertain and engage the children for an hour or two. This takes allot of strain off the parents, and children can chose something they and their friends will enjoy together and remember.
For young children, DBS checked artists provide things like crafts (puppet making, mask making, lantern making etc), Japanese origami (very popular), African drumming and dance.
For teenagers', we have lots of terrific party ideas like makeup and beauty for teenage girls. Also popular urban arts such as street dance, break dancing and Rapping and Human Beat boxing (***), graffiti art, Japanese manga art or DJ-ing skills.
We also provide special graffiti art activities including commissions where create a bespoke mural for a child's bedroom, a garage, shed or play room and so on.
Our artists / entertainers will travel to, and deliver at your venue (home address or a room booked etc).
Activities are great value for money and usually last 1 ½ to 2hrs. They are competitively priced from only £160.00 so why not give us a go?
Contact (email@example.com) our website web-form (contact us page) or call one of our friendly team on 0845 481 1920 or 07967 659 293 today!


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Winnipeg Free Press - ONLINE EDITION
Goldeyes dominate Railcats heading into the all-star break
In their final outing before hosting the American Association all-star game, the Winnipeg Goldeyes destroyed the Gary Southshore RailCats 12-0 on Sunday afternoon.
Fish starter Chris Salamida tossed a complete-game shutout at U.S. Steel Yard and got ample run support as his teammates combined for 16 hits in the game.
Salamida struck out seven batters while allowing just four hits and one base on balls.
The Goldeyes put up six runs in the sixth inning, three more in the seventh and two in the eighth.
Reggie Abercrombie paced the Fish by going 4-for-5 with four RBIs, while teammate Casey Haerther contributed a home run and three RBI's in a 3-for-5 performance at the plate.
The Goldeyes will now take a two-day break for the 2014 American Association All-Star Celebrations, which happen in downtown Winnipeg on Monday and Tuesday. The all-star fan fest and Recycle Everywhere Skills Competition is scheduled for Monday afternoon and evening, respectively, while the Manitoba Liquor & Lotteries All-Star Game goes Tuesday at 7 p.m. at Shaw Park.
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Goldeyes will start 2015 on the road10/30/2014 1:00 AM 0
The snow hasn't even fallen and the summer of 2015 still feels very far away, but the Winnipeg Goldeyes unveiled ...


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Military Health Care:
Cost Data Indicate That TRICARE Reserve Select Premiums Exceeded the Costs of Providing Program Benefits
GAO-08-104: Published: Dec 21, 2007. Publicly Released: Dec 21, 2007.
Additional Materials:
- Highlights Page:
- Full Report:
- Accessible Text:
(202) 512-2758
Office of Public Affairs
(202) 512-4800
(DOD) TRICARE Reserve Select (TRS) program allows most reservists to purchase coverage under TRICARE, the military health insurance program, when not on active duty. DOD intends to set premiums at a level equal to the expected costs of providing TRS benefits. The National Defense Authorization Act for 2007 required GAO to review TRS costs. As discussed with the committees of jurisdiction, GAO compared (1) the TRS premiums established by DOD to the reported costs of providing benefits under TRS in 2006 and (2) DOD's projected costs for TRS before implementation to DOD's reported costs for the program in 2005 and 2006. To do this work, GAO examined DOD analyses and interviewed DOD officials and external experts.
In 2006, the premium for both individual and family coverage under TRS--which DOD based on Blue Cross and Blue Shield (BCBS) premiums--exceeded the reported average cost per plan of providing TRICARE benefits through the program. TRS currently serves less than 1percent of the overall TRICARE population, and unlike most other TRICARE beneficiaries, TRS enrollees pay a premium to receive health care coverage. At the time of GAO's analysis, TRS consisted of three tiers, established by law, with reservists in each tier paying different portions of the total premium, based on the tier for which they qualified. Over 90 percent of reservists who purchased TRS coverage enrolled in tier 1. The premium for individual coverage under tier 1 was 72 percent higher than the average cost per plan of providing benefits through the program. Similarly, the premium for family coverage under tier 1 was 45 percent higher than the average cost per plan of providing benefits. DOD based TRS premiums on BCBS premiums because, at the time DOD was developing TRS, actual data on the costs of TRS did not exist; however, these data are now available. Had DOD been successful in establishing premiums that were equal to the cost of providing benefits in 2006, the portion of the premium paid by enrollees in tier 1--which is set by law to cover 28 percent of the full premium--would have been lower that year. Reasons that TRS premiums did not align with benefit costs included differences between the TRS and BCBS populations and differences in the way the two programs are designed, which DOD did not consider in its methodology. According to experts, the most successful methods for aligning premiums with actual program costs involve using program cost data when setting premiums. The regulation governing TRS premium adjustments allows DOD to use either BCBS premiums or other means as the basis for TRS premiums. However, DOD officials told GAO that they plan to continue, at least for the near future, to base TRS premiums on BCBS premiums because of limitations associated with using currently available data to predict future TRS costs. However, these limitations should decrease over time as DOD gains more experience with the program and enrollment increases. Nonetheless, due to the uncertainty associated with predicting future health care costs, premiums are unlikely to exactly match program costs, even when they are based on cost data from prior years. Other insurance programs have methods to address differences between premiums and program costs, which are not provided to DOD in the law governing TRS. DOD overestimated the total cost of providing benefits through TRS. While the department projected that its total costs would amount to about $70 million in fiscal year 2005 and about $442 million in fiscal year 2006, DOD's reported costs in those years were about $5 million and about $40 million, respectively. DOD's cost projections were too high largely because it overestimated the number of reservists who would purchase TRS and the associated cost per plan of providing TRS benefits. DOD officials told GAO that they chose not to use TRS cost and enrollment data when projecting future year program costs and enrollment levels because of uncertainty about whether they would provide an accurate indication of future experience.
Recommendations for Executive Action
Status: Closed - Not Implemented
Comments: Section 704 of the FY 2009 National Defense Authorization Act specifically identifies the manner in which the TRICARE Reserve Select premium will be calculated. The authority to adjust premiums no longer resides with TMA.
Recommendation: With the goal of eventually eliminating reliance on BCBS premiums and to better align premiums with the costs of providing TRS health care benefits, the Secretary of Defense should direct the Assistant Secretary for Health Affairs to stop basing TRS premium adjustments only on BCBS premium adjustments and use the reported costs of providing benefits through the TRS program when adjusting TRS premiums in future years as limitations associated with the reported cost data decrease.
Agency Affected: Department of Defense
Status: Closed - Not Implemented
Comments: Section 704 of the FY 2009 National Defense Authorization Act specifically identities the manner in which the TRICARE Reserve Select premium will be calculated. The authority to adjust premiums no longer resides with TMA.
Recommendation: DOD should explore options for addressing instances in which premiums have been either significantly higher or lower than program costs in prior years, including seeking legislative authority as necessary.
Agency Affected: Department of Defense
Explore the full database of GAO's Open Recommendations »
Nov 24, 2014
Group Purchasing Organizations:Funding Structure Has Potential Implications for Medicare CostsGAO-15-13: Published: Oct 24, 2014. Publicly Released: Nov 24, 2014.
Medicare Program Integrity:CMS Pursues Many Practices to Address Prescription Drug Fraud, Waste, and AbuseGAO-15-66: Published: Oct 24, 2014. Publicly Released: Nov 24, 2014.
Nov 21, 2014
Vaccine Injury Compensation:Most Claims Took Multiple Years and Many Were Settled through NegotiationGAO-15-142: Published: Nov 21, 2014. Publicly Released: Nov 21, 2014.
Nov 18, 2014
Health Care Transparency:Actions Needed to Improve Cost and Quality Information for ConsumersGAO-15-11: Published: Oct 20, 2014. Publicly Released: Nov 18, 2014.
Nov 17, 2014
VA Health Care:Actions Needed to Ensure Adequate and Qualified Nurse StaffingGAO-15-61: Published: Oct 16, 2014. Publicly Released: Nov 17, 2014.
Nov 13, 2014
Small Business Health Insurance Exchanges:Low Initial Enrollment Likely due to Multiple, Evolving FactorsGAO-15-58: Published: Nov 13, 2014. Publicly Released: Nov 13, 2014.
Nov 10, 2014
Compounded Drugs:Payment Practices Vary across Public Programs and Private Insurers, and Medicare Part B Policy Should Be ClarifiedGAO-15-85: Published: Oct 10, 2014. Publicly Released: Nov 10, 2014.
Oct 30, 2014
VA Health Care:Management and Oversight of Consult Process Need Improvement to Help Ensure Veterans Receive Timely Outpatient Specialty CareGAO-14-808: Published: Sep 30, 2014. Publicly Released: Oct 30, 2014.
Oct 29, 2014
Chemical Assessments:Agencies Coordinate Activities, but Additional Action Could Enhance EffortsGAO-14-763: Published: Sep 29, 2014. Publicly Released: Oct 29, 2014.
Oct 6, 2014
Medicaid:Information on Inmate Eligibility and Federal Costs for Allowable ServicesGAO-14-752R: Published: Sep 5, 2014. Publicly Released: Oct 6, 2014.
Looking for more? Browse all our products here


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November 28, 2014
A 14-year-old boy is suspected of phoning in a threat to Waterloo Regional Airport on April Fools' Day.
Police say the threat was called in around 2:50 p.m. on Friday and warned of an imminent terrorist attack.
Police notified airport officials and the airport was checked.
Waterloo Capt. Tim Pillack says no flights were delayed.
According to the Waterloo-Cedar Falls Courier, a check of phone data led police to the boy, who lives in Raymond.
The boy's been released and his case was sent to juvenile court.
Click Here to access the online Public Inspection File
Viewers with disabilities can get assistance accessing this station's FCC Public Inspection File by contacting the station with the information listed below. Questions or concerns relating to the accessibility of the FCC's online public file system should be directed to the FCC at 888-225-5322, 888-835-5322 (TTY), or email@example.com.


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3 bed, 2 full bath. Come and enjoy the ease of an all electric, low maintenance home as this one owner ranch is lookingMore info
4 bed, 2 full bath. Shows beautifully and ready to move in. Newly refinished hardwood floors, lots of new paint. FormalMore info
. Prime Investment Opportunity in the Distillery District of Downtown Lexington. Great potential justMore info
4 bed, 2 full bath, 1 half bath. The Award Winning Cambridge B by Briggs Homes will be complete in Mid October. Spacious ranch thatMore info
3 bed, 2 full bath. New Listing. If you are tired of seeing the cookie cutter home and want something different, you muMore info
3 bed, 2 full bath, 1 half bath. This house is for sale or leaseMore info
4 bed, 4 full bath, 1 half bath. Sophisticated & elegant with modern influence this home is the one you have been waiting for! SituaMore info
3 bed, 1 full bath. You aren't going to believe the updates on this home in rural Fayette county. If farming with cattlMore info
3 bed, 2 full bath. You will love one level living in this well appointed, brick ranch in desirable Dogwood Hills. TheMore info
2 bed, 2 full bath, 1 half bath. Priced way below appraised value! Located in the heart of Lexington Downtown!! This home consist ofMore info


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Tel: (973)463-9455
Abundant Life Christian School (ALCS) is committed to providing a Christ-centered education for K-12 students.
The faculty of ALCS is committed to providing relevant instruction grounded in meaningful, Christ-centered relationships with students.
Students learn from educators who model Christ-like behavior and teach using a biblical worldview.
ALCS seeks to prepare students to engage the culture and impact their world for Christ.
School Overview
|School Membership(s)School Assoc.
|Accelerated Christian Education (ACE) or (School of Tomorrow)
Association of Christian Schools International (ACSI)
|Religious Affiliation
|Grades Offered
|Grades Kindergarten - 12
Student Body
|Total Students
|85 students
|Student Body Type
|Students by Grade
Academics and Faculty
|Total Classroom Teachers
|8 teachers
|Student : Teacher Ratio
National avg.: 13:1
Nearby Schools:
All Schools | High Schools | Elementary Schools | Preschools | Public Schools
Show me:
- School Location Miles Students Grades
WhippanyJewish Community Center Metrowest Aidekman Campus
901 State Route 10
Whippany, NJ, 07981
(973)929-2920Daycare / Preschool (Jewish)0.5 mi | 3 students | Gr. K
Cedar KnollsPG Chambers School
15 Halko Drive
Cedar Knolls, NJ, 07927
(973)829-8484Special Education School0.6 mi | n/a students | Gr. NS-6
Cedar KnollsAllegro School
125 Ridgedale Ave
Cedar Knolls, NJ, 07927
(973)267-8060Special Education School0.8 mi | 56 students | Gr. PK-12
WhippanyInspire Kids
718 State Route 10
Whippany, NJ, 07981
(973)515-5300Daycare / Preschool0.9 mi | 11 students | Gr. PK-KG
WhippanyOur Lady Of Mercy School
90 Whippany Road
Whippany, NJ, 07981
(973)887-2611(Roman Catholic)1 mi | 74 students | Gr. PK-5
School Reviews
Area Statistics
Recent Articles
Updated October 26, 2014
What do you do when you are dissatisfied with your local public schools? Homeschool your children? Send them to private school? Let's look at your options.
Your religion matters to you. You want your child to attend a school which will combine academics and religious education. Here is an overview of what is available together with some links to denominational web sites.
Add things up and you'll quickly find the answer- math is crucial both in academics and the real world. By following these strategies and following personal training programs, students can uncover their weaknesses and conquer math.


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|My Wayfair
|New! Essentials for Thanksgiving Dinner »
|New! Traditional Kitchen Photos »
|The Gift Shop »
EMSCO Group 1' x 1.3' TrimFree Lawn Edging
TrimFree edging utilizes a hammer-in edging system with five extra-long spikes that hold each piece in place for a stronger and more secure anchoring system than is other products. With the flanged side facing toward the lawn, TrimFree edging forms a barrier that prohibits the growth of grass. A lawn mower traveling over this flange will cut all the grass. This eliminates the need for after-mowing trimming. TrimFree edging will adjust up to a 180 degree angle at the joints to form right angles, curve and bends.
EMSCO Group 1' x 1.3' TrimFree Lawn Edging
Weights & Dimensions
|Color: 1: Natural
|Color: 2: Red
|Country of Manufacture: China
About the ManufacturerEmsco Group, originally the THEO J. ELY company, was founded in 1867. The company's original product lines consisted of products such as wooden mop buckets, mop handles, and related cleaning items, carpet beaters, cross cut saw handles, cow pokes, buggy whips, all considered cutting edge in the mid 1800's. Theo's mantra was to solve problems through innovation and function, always keeping value and customer service in the forefront of his thinking.
EMSCO Group 1' x 1.3' TrimFree Lawn Edging
"Hi, what are the dimensions of this edging?" asked by Carole
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EMSCO Group 1' x 1.3' TrimFree Lawn Edging
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Return Policy
We want you to love it. If you don't, you may return your purchase within 30 days of delivery. All you need to do is visit our Self-Service Return Center for instructions. Return credits are issued within 24 hours once the item is received and inspected. Please note that shipping charges are non-refundable. The cost of return shipping will be deducted from your refund.30-Day Return Policy
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Tell us what you think about the 1' x 1.3' TrimFree Lawn Edging. It will help us provide you with better products in the future and help your fellow Wayfair shoppers make better purchases.Write A Review
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garden trim
Camille from Lima, NY– Verified Buyer
This looks so good around my flower garden. I love it. I am a widow with 2 young ones and was able to put together on my own. If I. Could figure it out I would put a picture for you to see. I'm very happy with this purchase and may buy more for my other garden.
Excellent Choice
A Pollastrini from Fairmont WV
I bought this product in brick red. It looks so good. The best is that I was able to install it myself with a rubber mallet. (My husband could never find time to make a border for my daughter's play area and I got tired of waiting.) I can't say enough about how much I love it.
Great border edging!
Mark from Hillsborough, NJ– Verified Buyer
This edging installs easily and looks great. It is just what I was looking for.
angie from Summerdale, AL– Verified Buyer
Very easy to put into my garden. Used as a border for my flowering plants and looks terrific.
OUR SKU # EMSC10111' x 1.3' TrimFree Lawn Edging is also sometimes listed under the following manufacturer numbers: 2035DS, 2036DS, 2037DS, 2038DS


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$12.50 for a Leather Boho Bracelet - 6 Style Options ($86 Value)
Leather Boho Bracelet
- Retail $86.00
- You save 85%
- You Pay $12.50
Limited Time Offer!
Expires 3 months from date purchased
Limit 5 per customer, may purchase 5 additional as gifts. This voucher has no cash value. Cannot be combined with other offers. Total voucher value must be used in 1 order. Tax & gratuity not included. Valid for US Residents only. Shipping Included. Choose style at checkout. Product will be shipped to address entered at checkout within 2-4 weeks after purchase- no voucher redemption is necessary.
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$24 for a Pair of Electronic Drum Sticks - Shipping Included
Concord Ontario, L4K 5K6 Ca...
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$18 for 100 Solar LED Holiday Lights - Shipping Included
$18.00 $59.00


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Browse by Study
"When I first encountered the poems of Jon Woodward, I was stunned into the state that is my life's joy—I was in the presence of the inimitable. UNCANNY VALLEY extends that experience—almost into another dimension. These apocalyptic, pixilated poems forge a mythology of our ravaged culture, one that might have been written in the future. If you want poetry to give you a persimmon on a plate, look elsewhere; if you want to know what happens when seven trees fall on the highway and the story is told by a stutterer, this is the book, and it could only have been written by Woodward."—Mary RuefleAuthor City: BOSTON, MA USAJon Woodward is the author of UNCANNY VALLEY (Cleveland State University Poetry Center, 2012), RAIN (Wave Books, 2006), and MISTER GOODBYE EASTER ISLAND (Alice James Books, 2003). He lives in Boston and works at the Harvard Museum of Comparative Zoology.
Reviews and Other LinksAndrew Field @ The Rumpusauthor site
Scott Alexander Jones
Collected Poems & Stories
Mallory Whitten
Or Replica
Paige Taggart
Dear Darwish
Morani Kornberg-Weiss
The Incomparables
Alexandra Leggat
Kensington Homestead
Nicolas Esposito


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EU urges U.S. ag reform
The U.S. needs to match European Union efforts to reform agriculture trade policy, EU Trade Commissioner Peter Mandelson said Feb. 11. The EU is working to update its Common Agricultural Policy. This has the potential to cut "distorting trade subsidies" by two-thirds, eliminate export subsidies and offer improved market access for many products, he said. "We look to others to match this, including the United States. In particular we need to see how the U.S. plans to reduce and discipline agricultural domestic support and export credit." Mandelson said in prepared text for a speech to the U. S. Chamber of Commerce. Mandelson said international trade officials need to move faster on the issue of anti-dumping rules. Many countries are adopting trade defense regimes that could turn into protectionism. "Unless we reach rapid agreement on how to handle this issue, the opportunity for reform will be lost and countries across the world will lock in unsatisfactory and restrictive regimes damaging world economic growth," Mandelson said. Mandelson said he hopes the U. S. and Europe are heading into a new era of cooperation. Both sides of the Atlantic need to set aside past differences and work to create stability in Iraq and progress toward peace in the Middle East, he said. U.S. President George W. Bush's upcoming visit to Europe will be an important step renewing this relationship, Mandelson said. He said Bush should renew U.S. support for European integration, as well as broader transatlantic themes. "This is the strongest signal he could send of support for what we are doing to reunite our continent in democracy and economic development, and to build a Europe more capable of assuming its global role," Mandelson said.
Read more


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Johansson's Back-Up Plan
Picture: Scarlett Johansson 'Poiret: King of Fashion' Costume Institute Gala held at the Metropolitan Museum of Art - Arrivals New York City, USA - 07.05.07
Actress Scarlett Johansson has a back-up plan if her soaring movie career goes wrong - she'll become a pop star.
The BAFTA-winning American teen admits she sings all the time and would seriously consider it as a profession.
Johansson says, "I can sing, actually, but it's not that hidden. I sing everywhere I go.
"I do a great Cher impression."20/02/2004 19:32


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frogg toggs® Tekk Toad Suit, Indigo Blue
Item # WX2-300302
- Google+
- Details & Specs
frogg toggs® Tekk ToadTM Suit is WATERPROOF and breathable, guaranteed. PRICED RIGHT!
You never know how wrong the weather forecaster is going to be. For that reason, you best be prepared for a passing shower. Protect yourself with this frogg toggs® Tekk Toad Suit. 100% waterproof and breathable, representing state-of-the-art non-woven wear tech.Bone-dry comfort:
- Rugged 50-gram non-woven polypropylene
- Middle layer has pores 20,000 times smaller than a water droplet. Keeps water out, while letting air through
- Lightweight for layering
- Parka-length jacket with raglan sleeves
- Full cut for unrestricted range of motion
- Frogg Eyzz reflective piping
- Tuck-away hood
- Fully taped seams
- Adjustable waistband with drawcord
- Front zipper with rain gutter and storm flap
- Full-cut zip pockets with zip closure
- Adjustable grip-strip wrist openings
- Includes stuff sack. Imported.
State Size, as available in the Shopping Cart. Buck the wet, order ONLINE today!
- Reviews
frogg toggs Tekk Toad Suit, Indigo Blue is rated out of 5 by 11.Rated 5 out of 5 by R H from best for the moneyDate published: 2014-06-11Rated 5 out of 5 by JOHN from Fits great although haven't had a chance to try it out yet.Date published: 2014-05-02Rated 4 out of 5 by DAVE from Very happy well worth the moneyDate published: 2014-04-14Rated 5 out of 5 by GARLAND & SANDY from Also perfect fit. Will use for summer and fall fishing.Date published: 2014-04-13Rated 5 out of 5 by DAVID R from This was my first breathable rainwear. I am impressed how comfortable I stay when wearing it. I don't know why I waited so long to move to Hi Tec rainwear.Date published: 2014-03-15Rated 5 out of 5 by TOBY from Great ProductDate published: 2013-11-18Rated 5 out of 5 by ROB C from very nice haven't tried it yet but looks like it should perform wellDate published: 2013-09-24Rated 4 out of 5 by KENNETH from Works great: hasn't rained here since the suit was delivered! The pockets on the pants were an unexpected bonus.Date published: 2013-09-15

 Description states "suit" but nothing mentioned about pants. Does this include the pants as in photo?

Asked by: Michelle

 The pants are included.
Answered by: Customer Service

Date published: 2014-11-05

2014-11-22

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Judge declares mistrial over doctored documents
PITTSBURGH A Pennsylvania judge has declared a mistrial in the public corruption case against state Sen. Jane Orie after he agreed with prosecutors who argued documents entered into evidence by the defense were doctored.
Allegheny County Judge Jeffrey Manning declared the mistrial after a prosecution witness testified that documents bearing the signature of a key prosecution witness had been fabricated.
Manning declared that a fraud had been perpetrated on the court and a mistrial was necessary. He said he would bring the jury to the court room to provide them with an explanation about why they were being dismissed.
Orie and a sister are charged with using the senator's staff to perform allegedly illegal campaign and fundraising work.
THIS IS A BREAKING NEWS UPDATE. Check back soon for further information. AP's earlier story is below.
A judge halted jury deliberations Thursday in the corruption trial of Republican state Sen. Jane Orie after agreeing with prosecutors that it appears two defense exhibits used to undermine the credibility of a key witness may have been "doctored."
Allegheny County Judge Jeffrey Manning ordered prosecutors to round up a document expert to testify at a hastily scheduled hearing to be held Thursday afternoon.
Orie's attorney, William Costopoulos, angrily responded to the accusation and claimed he couldn't see what appeared to be a signature cut-and-pasted onto the documents, which Costopoulos introduced as evidence during the senator's testimony. But when Manning was shown the documents on an overhead projector by Deputy District Attorney Law Claus, the judge said it was obvious they had been "doctored" and it appeared that Orie's former chief of staff, Jamie Pavlot hadn't signed either document.
"Mr. Costopoulos, would you look at that?" Manning said gesturing to the projected documents. "Ray Charles could see that those signatures were doctored."
The judge ordered the jury to stop deliberating because he wants to try to remedy the situation before the deliberations continue - otherwise, he may declare a mistrial in a case that has dragged on for three weeks and featured hundreds of documents.
Sen. Orie, 49, and her sister, Janine Orie, 56, are charged with conspiring to use the senator's state-paid staff to do campaign and fundraising work for the 2009 campaign when a third sister, Joan Orie Melvin, was elected to the state Supreme Court. The senator is charged with using her staff since 2001 to do campaign work for herself and also Melvin during her unsuccessful Supreme Court run in 2003.
Pavlot, testifying under a grant of immunity, said Orie routinely directed her staff to do the political work on state time and even awarded staffers comp time for doing such work after hours. The senator has denied that and Costopoulos told the jury in Wednesday's closing arguments that Pavlot's credibility was key to the case against Orie.
The documents that Manning believes were doctored with Pavlot's signature were used to attack her credibility - because she denied ever seeing them, even though Orie later testified they were taken from personnel files that Pavlot controlled. The documents suggest Pavlot directly controlled the senator's staff and was on notice to not have them do campaign work on state time.


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IL-6 induced by Staphylococcus aureus infection prevents the induction of skin allograft acceptance in mice.
ABSTRACT Clinical correlations between bacterial infections and rejection suggest a hypothesis that innate immune stimulation by bacterial infections results in the production of inflammatory cytokine that facilitate bystander T-cell activation, increased alloreactivity and inhibition of tolerance induction. Previous studies demonstrated that IFNβ produced during an infection with a model bacterium, Listeria monocytogenes, prevented the induction of transplantation tolerance in mice with anti-CD154 and donor-specific transfusion (DST) (1). We investigated the impact of two clinically relevant bacterial infections at the time of transplantation on the ability of anti-CD154 and DST to induce skin allograft acceptance in mice. Staphylococcus aureus (SA) infection prevented skin allograft acceptance whereas maximally tolerated doses of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection had no effect. SA induced an acute production of IL-6, which was necessary and sufficient for the prevention of skin allograft acceptance. Furthermore, a single pulse of methylprednisolone modulated IL-6 production during SA infection and facilitated skin allograft acceptance in SA-infected recipients. Taken together, our results suggest that bacterial infections elicit specific proinflammatory cytokines signatures that can serve as barriers to tolerance induction, and that inhibiting the production of or neutralizing these inflammatory cytokines can synergize with costimulatory blockade-based therapies to facilitate the development of transplantation tolerance.
- SourceAvailable from: Taku Fujimura[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Abstract is missing (Letter).Acta Dermato-Venereologica 02/2013;
- [Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Much progress has been made toward understanding the mechanistic basis of transplantation tolerance in experimental models, which implicates clonal deletion of alloreactive T and B cells, induction of cell-intrinsic hyporesponsiveness, and dominant regulatory cells mediating infectious tolerance and linked suppression. Despite encouraging success in the laboratory, achieving tolerance in the clinic remains challenging, although the basis for these challenges is beginning to be understood. Heterologous memory alloreactive T cells generated by infections prior to transplantation have been shown to be a critical barrier to tolerance induction. Furthermore, infections at the time of transplantation and tolerance induction provide a pro-inflammatory milieu that alters the stability and function of regulatory T cells as well as the activation requirements and differentiation of effector T cells. Thus, infections can result in enhanced alloreactivity, resistance to tolerance induction, and destabilization of the established tolerance state. We speculate that these experimental findings have relevance to the clinic, where infections have been associated with allograft rejection and may be a causal event precipitating the loss of grafts after long periods of stable operational tolerance. Understanding the mechanisms by which infections prevent and destabilize tolerance can lead to therapies that promote stable life-long tolerance in transplant recipients.Immunological Reviews 03/2014; 258(1):80-101. · 12.16 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Solid organ transplantation is a vital therapy for end stage diseases. Decades of research have established that components of the adaptive immune system are critical for transplant rejection, but the role of the innate immune system in organ transplantation is just emerging. Accumulating evidence indicates that the innate immune system is activated at the time of organ implantation by the release of endogenous inflammatory triggers. This review discusses the nature of these triggers in organ transplantation and also potential mediators that may enhance inflammation resolution after organ implantation.Immunological Reviews 03/2014; 258(1):132-44. · 12.16 Impact Factor
Page 1
IL-6 induced by Staphylococcus aureus infection prevents the
induction of skin allograft acceptance in mice
Emily B. Ahmeda, Tongmin Wanga, Melvin Danielsa, Maria-Luisa Alegreb, and Anita S.
a Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
b Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
Clinical correlations between bacterial infections and rejection suggest a hypothesis that innate
immune stimulation by bacterial infections results in the production of inflammatory cytokine that
facilitate bystander T cell activation, increased alloreactivity and inhibition of tolerance induction.
Previous studies demonstrated that IFNs produced during an infection with a model bacterium,
Listeria monocytogenes, prevented the induction of transplantation tolerance in mice with anti-
CD154 and donor-specific transfusion (DST) (1). We investigated the impact of two clinically
relevant bacterial infections at the time of transplantation on the ability of anti-CD154 and DST to
induce skin allograft acceptance in mice. Staphylococcus aureus (SA) infection prevented skin
allograft acceptance whereas maximally tolerated doses of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection had
no effect. SA induced an acute production of IL-6, which was necessary and sufficient for the
prevention of skin allograft acceptance. Furthermore, a single pulse of methylprednisolone
modulated IL-6 production during SA infection and facilitated skin allograft acceptance in SA-
infected recipients. Taken together, our results suggest that bacterial infections elicit specific pro-
inflammatory cytokines signatures that can serve as barriers to tolerance induction, and that
inhibiting the production of or neutralizing these inflammatory cytokines can synergize with co-
stimulatory blockade-based therapies to facilitate the development of transplantation tolerance.
bacterial infection; donor-specific alloreactivity; donor-specific transfusion; immunosuppression;
transplant immunology and tolerance; transplant rejection; immune regulation
In the absence of immunosuppression, transplantation across histocompatibility barriers
inevitably results in acute allograft rejection. Over the past several decades, pharmacologic
immunosuppressive regimens have improved significantly from the rudimentary regimen of
steroids and azathioprine to the more sophisticated multi-drug regimens involving anti-
proliferative agents, calcineurin inhibitors, and a variety of biologics aimed at suppressing T
cell reactivity (2). These current regimens result in global immunosuppression leaving the
recipient vulnerable to severe infections and virus-mediated cancers (3). Furthermore, while
these immunosuppressive agents have dramatically improved rates of acute graft rejection,
Corresponding Author: Anita S. Chong, Ph.D., Section of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago, 5841
S. Maryland Ave, Chicago, IL 60637, USA, Tel: (773) 702-5512; Fax: (773) 702-5517; email@example.com.
Disclosure Section: The authors of this manuscript have no conflicts of interest to disclose as described by the American Journal of
NIH Public Access
Author Manuscript
Am J Transplant. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2012 May 1.
Published in final edited form as:
Am J Transplant. 2011 May ; 11(5): 936–946. doi:10.1111/j.1600-6143.2011.03476.x.
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they have proven less efficacious in fostering long-term graft survival and chronic rejection
remains an important barrier to the goal of long-term graft survival.
These observations have led the field to postulate that many of the shortcomings associated
with current immunosuppressive strategies can only be overcome by developing
transplantation tolerance, characterized by extended suppression of pathologic allograft-
specific immune responses in the absence of maintenance immunosuppression, while
leaving the remainder of the immune system competent to fight infections and malignancies.
Several strategies for tolerance induction have been investigated, the most promising
currently being the induction of peripheral operational tolerance using costimulation-
targeting therapies that block the engagement of costimulatory receptors on T cells to
ligands on APCs that is essential for optimal T cell stimulation (4). Targeting of the CD40-
CD154 pathway with a blocking anti-CD154 monoclonal antibody has resulted in successful
tolerance to cardiac allografts in mice, and in long-term survival of kidney allografts in non-
human primates (5). Mechanistically, this therapy is thought to be dependent on induction of
alloreactive T cell anergy, deletion, and regulation (6,7).
Identifying potential barriers to the induction of such tolerance as well as events that may
reverse established allograft tolerance could prove to have profound implications in clinical
practice. Clinical data support a correlation between viral infections and acute rejection of
established allografts via a variety of mechanisms including bystander activation, memory
and heterologous immunity, as well as molecular mimicry (8–11). In addition to viruses,
bacteria that express ligands capable of activating innate immunity may also be capable of
enhancing the adaptive immune response to allografts, thereby preventing tolerance. In line
with this possibility are the observations that graft survival is affected by the type of organ
or tissue that is transplanted. Sterile organs such as heart, liver, and kidney tend to have an
overall half-life superior to organs such as skin, lung, and intestine that serve a barrier
function with inherent exposure to the environment and resident microbes. These
observations have led us to hypothesize that local microbes contribute to the enhanced
allogenicity observed after transplantation of the latter set of organs. Indeed, reports in the
clinical literature reveal an association between various types of bacterial infections and
poor graft survival from both acute and chronic rejection (12).
We have previously reported as proof-of-principle that the model bacterium, Listeria
monocytogenes, can both prevent the induction of and reverse established allograft tolerance
in murine models utilizing co-stimulation blockade (1,13). We have extended these
observations with this investigation to address an important but under-investigated area in
transplantation immunology, namely, whether clinically significant nosocomial bacterial
infections can prevent and reverse allograft tolerance. Staphylococcus aureus (SA) and
Pseudomonas aerugenosa (PA) are prevalent bacterial infections in the initial months
following transplantation (8–10,14). Staphylococcus aureus is a gram-positive commensal
bacterium of human skin and mucous membranes, colonizing the nostrils of up to 50 percent
of patients tested (15,16). Upon breach of normal skin and mucosal barriers, SA becomes an
important human pathogen and is a leading cause of bloodstream infection, skin and soft-
tissue infection, and lower respiratory infection (15,17). Pseudomonas is a gram-negative
rod bacteria that has become an important cause of infection, especially in patients with
compromised host defense mechanisms (18). Our investigations reveal that infection with
SA, but not PA, at the time of transplantation, prohibits successful skin allograft acceptance
by inducing inflammation and IL-6 production, which allows for CD154-independent
bystander activation of alloreactive T cells and precipitates acute allograft rejection.
Ahmed et al.Page 2
Am J Transplant. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2012 May 1.
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Materials and Methods
Female C57BL/6 (B6, H-2b), BALB/c (B/c, H-2d), C3H/HeJ (H-2k) inbred mice, age 8–9
weeks, were purchased from either The Jackson Laboratory (Bar Harbor, ME), The Division
of Cancer Treatment at the National Cancer Institute (Frederick, MD), or Charles River
(Wilmington, MA). RAG2−/− mice on the C57BL/6 background were purchased from
Taconic (Hudson, NY). TCRβδ−/− mice, CD8−/− mice, IL-6−/− mice, and mAct-OVA
transgenic mice, all on the C57BL/6 background, were purchased from the Jackson
Laboratory. MyD88−/− mice on the BALB/c and C57BL/6 backgrounds were provided by
Dr. S. Akira (Osaka University, Osaka, Japan) (19). OTI transgenic mice on a C57BL/6
(CD90.1 congenic) background whose T cells recognize the OVA257–264 peptide in the
context of H-2Kb were a gift from Dr. A. Sperling (University of Chicago, Chicago, IL).
OTII transgenic mice on C57BL/6 background (CD45.1 congenic) whose T cells recognize
the OVA323–339 peptide presented by I-Ab were a gift from Dr. Y.X. Fu (University of
Chicago, Chicago, IL). TCR75 transgenic mice on a C57BL/6 background whose T cells
recognize the H-2Kd-derived peptide (Kd54–68) presented on I-Ab were a kind gift form Dr.
P. Bucy (University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL). Animals were kept in a biohazard
facility and used in agreement with the University of Chicago Institutional Animal Care and
Use Committee according to the National Institutes of Health guidelines for animal use.
Skin Transplantation
Anti-CD154 mAbs were generated from the anti-CD154 (MR1) hybridoma, which was a
generous gift from Dr. K. Bishop (University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI). After growth in
protein-free hybridoma medium (Invitrogen), anti-CD154 mAbs were purified from
hybridoma supernatants using 45% ammonium sulfate precipitation and then dialyzed in
PBS for 72 hours. Donor grafts were prepared by harvesting full thickness dorsal flank skin
approximately 1 cm in diameter from either wild type BALB/c, MyD88−/− BALB/c, or
mAct-OVA transgenic C57BL/6 mice where indicated. Skin grafts were then transplanted
onto the dorsal flank of recipient mice that were either wild type C57BL/6 or RAG2−/−,
TCRβδ−/−, CD8−/−, MyD88−/−, or IL-6−/− mice all on the C57BL/6 background where
indicated. Recipient animals were then treated with anti-CD154 (1mg/dose i.v. on day 0, and
i.p. on days 7 and 14 post-transplantation) in combination with DST (107 donor splenocytes
on the day of transplantation). Skin grafts were followed visually for rejection, as defined by
evidence of graft necrosis or contraction. For IL-6 neutralization studies, purified anti-IL-6
antibody (MP5-20F3, Rat IgG1) was purchased from BioXcell (West Lebanon, NH) and
injected post-transplantation (500 μg i.v., day 0; 250 μg i.p., days 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, and 14). For
IL-17 neutralization studies, purified anti-IL-17 antibody (clone 50104, Rat IgG2a) was
purchased from R&D Systems (Minneapolis, MN) and injected post-transplantation (100
μg/mouse i.v. day 0, i.p days 2, 3, 4, 7, 9, 11 and 14). For pharmacologic
immunosuppression studies, mice were treated with either methylprednisolone (20 mg/kg,
day 0, i.p), cyclosporin (20 mg/kg, day 0, i.p.), or sirolimus (0.3 mg/kg, day 0, i.p)
purchased from the University of Chicago Hospitals Pharmacy.
Bacterial Preparations and Mouse Infections
SA strain EsxB:erm, a generous gift from Dr. D. Missiakas (University of Chicago,
Chicago, IL) (20), was grown at 37°C overnight in tryptic soy broth (BD Biosciences)
containing 10μg/ml erythromycin. PA strain PA01, a generous gift from Dr. J. Alverdy
(University of Chicago, Chicago, IL), was grown in tryptic soy broth overnight at 37°C.
After overnight growth, SA and LM cultures were diluted 100-fold in fresh media, and
incubated at 37°C for 5 hours. LM strain, LM-OVA, was grown in brain-heart infusion broth
(BD Biosciences) at 37°C overnight. Bacteria were grown to log phase cultures and titers
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were quantified by OD600. Bacteria were collected by centrifugation, washed twice, and
resuspended in PBS. Mice receiving live infections were injected i.p. on the day of
transplantation with SA (2×108 cfu/200μl), LM (2×105 cfu/200μl), or PA (2×107 cfu/200μl).
Heat killed SA was generated by incubating cultured SA at 60°C for 3 hours. Heat killed SA
particles were then washed twice with PBS. Mice receiving heat killed SA were injected
with 2×109 cfu/200 μl i.p. on the day of transplantation. Bacterial doses were chosen as the
highest sub-lethal dose acceptable after performing an LD50 analysis for each strain.
T cell Proliferation Assays
In vivo CD4+ and CD8+ T cell proliferation was analyzed after adoptive transfer into
recipients of skin transplantation. Splenocytes from OTI and OTII mice were processed into
single cell suspensions and enriched for CD8+ and CD4+ T cells, respectively, by negative
magnetic separation (Miltenyi Biotec). They were then labeled with carboxyfluorescein
succinimidyl ester (CFSE) and adoptively transferred into mice on the day of transplantation
(2–5×105 OTI and OTII cells, i.v.). Five days after transplantation splenocytes were
harvested, processed into single cell suspensions, and stained for flow cytometry with the
following antibodies in 1%BSA/0.02% sodium azide (FACS buffer) for 1 hour at 4°C: 1)
OTI staining: PE-labeled anti-TCRVα2 (B20.1, rat IgG2a) was purchased from eBioscience
(San Diego, CA). Biotinylated TCRVβ5.1/5.2 (MR9-4, mouse IgG1), PerCP-labeled anti-
CD90.1 (OX-7, mouse IgG1), PECy7-labeled anti-CD8 (53–6.7, rat IgG2a), APC-labeled
anti-GR1 (RB6-8C5, rat IgG2b), APC-labeled anti-CD19 (1D3, rat IgG2a), APC-labeled
anti-CD11b (M1/70, rat IgG2b), APC-labeled anti-CD11c (HL3, hamster IgG1) were
purchased from BD Biosciences (Franklin Lakes, NJ). 2) OTII staining: PE-labeled anti-
TCRVα2 (B20.1, rat IgG2a), biotinylated anti-CD45.1 (A20, mouse IgG2a) were purchased
from eBioscience (San Diego, CA). PECy7-labeled anti-CD4, APC-labeled anti-GR1
(RB6-8C5, rat IgG2b), APC-labeled anti-CD19 (1D3, rat IgG2a), APC-labeled anti-CD11b
(M1/70, rat IgG2b), APC-labeled anti-CD11c (HL3, hamster IgG1) were purchased from
BD Biosciences (Franklin Lakes, NJ). Secondary staining was performed with APCCy7-
labeled streptavidin, purchased from BD Biosciences (Franklin Lakes, NJ). After all
staining, cells were washed twice with FACS buffer. Samples were run on the LSR-II (BD
Biosciences, Franklin Lakes, NJ) and analyzed for evidence of proliferation as indicated by
dilution of CFSE intensity using FlowJo cytometry analysis software (Tree Star, Ashland,
Serum IL-6 Measurements
After C57BL/6 were injected with SA (2×108), LM (2×105), PA (2×105), or IL-6-expressing
or control plasmids, blood was collected by retro-orbital puncture at the indicated time
points and serum was separated by centrifugation. Serum samples were stored at -20°C for
subsequent analysis. Initial serum cytokine screening after SA infection was conducted by
Mouse cytokine 20-Plex panel (Invitrogen, Carlesbad, CA). The concentrations of IL-6 were
subsequently measured by ELISA (eBioscience, San Diego, CA).
Hydrodynamic IL-6 Gene Delivery
Mouse IL-6 expressing and empty control plasmids were purchased from Invivogen (San
Diego, CA). Stock plasmids were isolated and prepared using EndoFree Plasmid Mega Kit
(Qiagen, Valencia, CA). Plasmid DNA concentration was determined by spectrometer and
confirmed in by agarose gel electrophoresis. Plasmid DNA (5 μg/mouse) was diluted in
1.9ml sterile nonpyrogenic 0.9% sodium chloride solution (Hospira Inc., Lake Forest, IL),
and injected through tail vein within 5–6 seconds using a 3ml syringe with 27G1/2 needle
(BD Bioscience, Franklin Lakes, NJ) two days prior to transplantation.
Ahmed et al.Page 4
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IFNγ and IL-17 ELISPOT Assays
The IFN γ and IL-17 ELISPOT assays were conducted according to the instructions of the
manufacturer (BD Biosciences, Franklin Lakes, NJ). Briefly, ELISPOT plates (Millipore,
Billerica, MA) were coated with purified anti-IFN γ capture antibody or purified anti-IL-17
capture antibody (BD Biosciences, Franklin Lakes, NJ) overnight at 4°C and then blocked
with 10%FBS/PBS. Responder splenocytes (106/well, in triplicate) harvested from
transplanted mice were co-cultured with γ-irradiated (3000 rads) splenocytes (5×105/well)
that were either syngeneic (C57B/L6), allogeneic (BALB/c), third-party (C3H), or syngeneic
splenocytes pulsed overnight with heat killed SA (108 cfu/107 splenocytes). Responder cells
were also stimulated with or without anti-CD3 (2C11). Cell cultures were incubated for 12
hours at 37°C, 5% CO2. Biotinylated anti-IFNγ or anti-IL-17 detection antibodies (BD
Biosciences, Franklin Lakes, NJ) were added, followed by HRP-conjugated anti-biotin (BD
Biosciences, Franklin Lakes, NJ). Plates were developed using 3-amino-9-ethylcarbazole
(AEC) substrate. The numbers of spots per well were enumerated using the ImmunoSpot
Analyzer (CTL Analyzers LLC, Cleveland).
The two-tailed Student's t test or the Tukey test for multiple comparisons was performed to
determine statistical differences between groups.
SA infection at the time of transplantation prevents the induction of skin allograft
acceptance with anti-CD154/DST
We have previously shown that a model intracellular organism, LM, can prevent the
induction of skin allograft acceptance (1); however, we were interested in extending those
observations and exploring the impact of two clinically important bacterial species, the
gram-positive commensal and pathogen, SA, as well as the gram-negative opportunistic
pathogen, Pseudomonas aerugninosa (PA). Using a model of skin allograft acceptance
induced by anti-CD154/DST, we tested the impact of SA and PA infections on the ability of
anti-CD154/DST treatment to induce skin allograft acceptance (Figure 1A). In the absence
of anti-CD154/DST treatment, allogeneic skin grafts were rejected within 12 days. Upon
treatment with anti-CD154/DST, long-term skin allograft survival was achieved with a
median survival of 68 days. Infection with a maximally tolerated dose of PA had no effect
on allograft acceptance and the median graft survival was >60 days. Despite administration
of anti-CD154/DST, SA infection at the time of transplantation precipitated an acute
rejection in 75 percent of recipients of allogeneic skin grafts, with a median graft survival of
15 days. Importantly, SA infection had no effect on survival of syngeneic skin grafts, which
persisted long-term indicating that SA did not induce non-specific inflammation that
prevented healing of skin grafts, but rather, SA was augmenting allo-specific immune
Rejection associated with SA infection is dependent upon innate immune recognition and
The primary host immune response against SA involves innate immune recognition and
activation. SA components can be recognized by TLR2 and TLR4, and these TLRs together
with downstream MyD88-signaling have been reported to be critically important to host-
defense against SA infection (21–24). We tested whether these early innate events contribute
to SA-mediated prevention of graft acceptance by using MyD88−/− donor-recipient pairs.
Because MyD88−/− mice are exquisitely sensitive to SA infection (23,25) heat-killed
bacteria were administered in lieu of live infection to avoid mortality. Similar to live SA
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Home » News » Politics
Bipartisan commission to study Medicaid expansion
Lines already are drawn on what New Hampshire should do.
Gov. Maggie Hassan said the state stands to lose about $1 million in federal funds per day for every day past Jan. 1, 2014, that Medicaid expansion is delayed."Accepting the $2.5 billion in federal funds available for Medicaid expansion is critical for boosting our economy, transforming our health-care system and providing needed health coverage for tens of thousands of New Hampshire working families," Hassan said.Hassan wants the Legislature to hold a special session to vote on the commission's recommendations.
The commission members are:
• Rep. Neal Kurk of Weare, the ranking Republican on the House Finance Committee who sits on the division that oversees appropriations to the Department of Health and Human Services.
• Sen. Andy Sanborn, a Bedford Republican and chairman of the Senate Commerce Committee.
• Sen. Nancy Stiles, a Hampton Republican and chairwoman of the Senate Health, Education and Human Services Committee.
• Sen. Peggy Gilmour, a Hollis Democrat and member of the Senate Health, Education and Human Services Committee.
• Dr. Travis Harker, president of the New Hampshire Medical Society.
• Charlie Arlinghaus, president of the Josiah Bartlett Center for Public Policy, a conservative think tank.
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Spansion responds to Macronix's statements, ITC case
Spansion responded to an announcement by the International Trade Commission that it would institute an investigation requested by Macronix. Ali Pourkeramati, senior vice president of Flash Memory Business at Spansion, said, "This decision is standard ITC procedure and is not related to the merits of this case. As the ITC stated in its own press release: 'by instituting this investigation (337-TA-909), the USITC has not yet made any decision on the merits of the case.' We believe that Macronix has requested this investigation without regard to its underlying merit as an attempt to counter our earlier case against Macronix at the ITC. The Macronix patents that have been asserted have questionable validity, lack domestic industry and are not infringed by Spansion products." With regard to a recent press release filed by Macronix, Pourkeramati said, "It is regrettable that Macronix has attempted to impugn Spansion's character through the press. Spansion adamantly denies all allegations in Macronix's press release. Our customers are aligned with us, and we are confident that the patent case will be resolved in Spansion's favor."
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shayla,'s Reviews > Untamed
Untamed (House of Night #4)
by P.C. Cast (Goodreads Author), Kristin Cast
by P.C. Cast (Goodreads Author), Kristin Cast
I loved it! Unlike the third one, it was easier to follow and actually kept me interested. I love Zoey and Aphrodite's developing friendship. I also enjoy Erik's changing nature in accepting Zoey's mistake. I was very upset when Stark died, i feel he is the one for Zoey. We will see in the next one! Can't wait!
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"return on capital" is taxable. "return of capital" is not.
Return on capital is not always taxable. Case in point. I have a rental in North Las Vegas that is generating a 17% cash on cash return. Because my depreciation is so high I have a loss for tax purposes. I have significant positive cash flow each month. That is a case where my return on my capital, my net investment (defined as estimated selling price less expenses of sale if sold less HELOC loan if paid off) is giving me a significant return on my capital without paying taxes. In fact, my situation results in some refundable taxes with respect for the measurement of the transaction so my real return is higher by the tax benefit I receive.
polygeo200 !! Thank you ! Corrected
Sentiment: Buy
I suspect many people own MLP in a non taxable account so they are not affected one way or the other. The selling is not because of increase in divvy tax as more increase in capital gains tax, IMHO


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I have a bone to pick with Punxsutawney Phil. 'An early Spring is coming' (which translates to six more weeks of Winter) was the prediction from our furry friend in Punxsutawney, PA.. By the way, that was six weeks ago, and no, no sign of Spring is near. In fact, expect another dose of Old Man Winter around these parts starting tonight.


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Habitat utilization by the reproductive stock of the brown shrimp Farfantepenaeus californiensis in the central Gulf of California.
KEY WORDS: reproduction, habitat, shrimp, Farfantepenaeus californiensis, Gulf of California
All the known members of the family Penaeidae have a similar life cycle: planktonic larval stages; including nauplius, protozoea, mysis, and postlarva; followed by juvenile and adult stages (Dall et al. 1990). The great difference among genera lies in the habitat preferred by the postlarvae, juveniles and adults, be it estuaries or coastal lagoons, continental or oceanic shelf.
Dall et al. (1990) mention that the basis for classifying the life cycle of penaeids is the environment in which adults spawn and postlarvae settle. They distinguish four types of life cycles, but clarify that overlap may occur among them. In the type 3 life cycle, the adult and reproductive stages occur in oceanic conditions (between the open sea and the continental shelf). Eggs are released by females into the marine environment where they go through the four larval stages. Postlarvae and juveniles inhabit coastal, but not estuarine, environments. In type 1, species need to be extremely euryhaline, because their entire life occurs in estuarine habitat.
For penaeid shrimp inhabiting the Gulf of California it was established that all species depend on estuarine systems to complete their life cycle, with slight variations for each species (Edwards 1978). This life cycle is applicable to estuarine systems with an ephemeral connection to the sea and positive circulation, such as those described by Kjerfve (1986) in the classification of coastal lagoons. In coastal lagoons of arid regions with permanent connection to the sea and negative estuarine circulation, penaeid shrimp develop a particular life cycle that differs from that accepted for the general shrimp ecology.
Farfantepenaeus californiensis or brown shrimp (Holmes 1900), a stenohaline species with a salinity tolerance from 3038 psu, has been regarded as preferring marine habitats, based on low dependence upon coastal lagoons for postlarval growth (Garcia & Le Reste 1981). Porchas et al. (2000) found larval development in F. californiensis restricted to 33-38 psu.
The eastern coast of the Gulf of California, north of the Tropic of Cancer is characterized by a series of wide outlet coastal lagoons opening to the sea (Arreola-Lizarraga 2003). Brown shrimp in these lagoons have been found in Estero del Soldado (Loesch 1980), Laguna de la Cruz (Grijalva-Chon & Barraza-Guardado 1992), and Las Guasimas (Arreola-Lizarraga 2003). Furthermore, at Laguna Agiabampo, straddling the Sonora-Sinaloa border, Romero-Sedano et al. (2004) found female brown shrimp maturing inside this coastal lagoon.
Brown shrimp sustain an important fishery in the Gulf of California. Fishing takes place in coastal lagoons and in adjacent coastal waters. The harvest season is from September to March Fishing in the remaining months is prohibited for the purposes of maintaining spawning stocks/preventing recruitment overfishing (INP 2001).
This study attempts to provide a spatial analysis of egg production and spawning in the population of brown shrimp F. californiensis in the Gulf of California. We present results from samplings outside and inside the Agibampo coastal lagoon, in the east side of the Gulf of California in northwestern Mexico. This lagoon received no river discharge for about 50 y (Bandas 1997), establishing hypersaline conditions over most of the year. Because of environmental conditions prevailing in the lagoon, brown shrimp appear to have modified its ecological requirements.
Study Area
The Agiabampo Lagoon (26[degrees]05' to 26[degrees]30'N and 109[degrees]05' to 109[degrees]20'W) covers 184 [km.sup.2], has an average depth of 2 m and communicates with the Gulf of California through a 1.5-km wide inlet (Fig. 1). The 20-m deep inlet channel has currents reaching 3 m [s.sup.-1]. According to Kjerfve's (1986) classification system of lagoons (choked, restricted, and leaky), the lagoon is "restricted" because it: (1) has a permanent wide mouth open to the sea; (2) has a well-defined tidal circulation; (3) is strongly influenced by winds; and (4) is vertically well-mixed. Evaporation rate is about 300 cm [year.sup.-1] and greatly exceeds rainfall (about 30 cm [year.sup.-1]). The offshore front of the lagoon (26[degrees]00' to 26[degrees]30' N and 109[degrees]15' to 109[degrees]25'W) has irregular depth and is dominated by several shallow zones and channels oblique to the coast.
From January to December 2002, shrimp samples were taken each month for five consecutive days (full moon [+ or -] 2 d). Collection was done on small fishing boats, about 7 m long using trawl nets with a 15-m mouth and 32-ram mesh: tows were made every 1.5 h at flood and ebb tides. This was done at depths from 1-9 m at locations ranging up to 2 km north and south of the mouth of the coastal lagoon, for the coastal sampling. A total of 24 georeferenced stations was sampled within the lagoon (Fig. 1).
Sex, gonadal maturity, total length (tip of the rostrum to tip of the telson) [+ or -] 1 mm, and abdominal length of individuals of the samples were recorded. Females were considered mature if gonads were ripe, regardless of size. The degree of gonadal maturity was determined with the four phases of the morphochromatic scale (Leal-Gaxiola et al. 2001). For this study, specimens were grouped into immature (Stages I and II) and mature (Stages III and IV) categories.
Data Analysis
The percent distribution of mature females each month t ([PMF.sub.t]) over the sampling period was determined as:
[PMF.sub.t] = [[FM.sub.t]/[FT.sub.t]] 100
where [FM.sub.t] is the number of mature females in month t and [FT.sub.t] the total females in month t.
Relative abundance of mature females was determined as total number per hectare. This was done using swept area described in Sparre & Venema (1995). Satellite geo-positioning devices were used to locate the starting and ending position of each trawl; this allowed determination of distance towed, which multiplied by width of the sampling net yielded area swept. The number of mature females per sample was divided by the calculated area swept (in hectares). Fecundity-at-size was determined using the equations described by Mathews (1981). Total length (TL) of mature females was grouped in 5-mm intervals.
An egg production index (EPI) was proposed by Aragon-Noriega (2005) and Valenzuela-Quinonez et al. (2006) to determine reproductive output in shrimp populations. The EPI was determined by combining size structure, fecundity-at-size, and abundance of mature females. The EPI is formulated as follows:
[EPI.sub.t] = [n.summation over (i=I)] [F.sub.i] ([P.sub.i][LC.sub.i][a.sub.t])
where [F.sub.i] is fecundity at size class i, [LC.sub.i] is the mean length of size class i, [P.sub.t] is relative abundance of mature females of class i in month t, and [a.sub.t] is the relative abundance of mature females in month t. This formula allows for a standardized comparison between EPI inside the lagoon and in coastal waters.
The relationship of length at maturity can be modeled as:
(King 1995) which can be expressed in linear form to yield:
ln(1 - P/p) = [rL.sub.m] - [rL.sub.i]
where P is the proportion of mature females at length [L.sub.i], r is the slope of the curve, [L.sub.m] is length at first maturity or length corresponding to 50% of ovigerous females.
We then plotted:
ln(1 - P/P)
against [L.sub.i] and used stepwise linear regression to solve for r.
A total of 33,474 specimens were collected (5,780 in coastal waters and 27,694 inside the lagoon). The female:male ratio varied between habitat: 3,723 females and 2,057 males in coastal waters; 12,297 females and 15,397 males in the lagoon.
Period of Sexual Maturity
Relative abundance of mature males of brown shrimp, Farfantepenaeus californiensis, inside the lagoon habitat exceeded 60% of total males throughout the sampling period, except from August to October (Fig. 2) when it was less than 30%. In the coastal habitat, mature males exceeded 50% during the sampling period with highest percents from April to August. The presence of mature females in coastal waters extended for a longer period than in the lagoon habitat. Percentage of mature females in coastal waters was close to or greater than 40% from May to August (Fig. 2). In the lagoon habitat, mature females were restricted to June, July and November, but were always less than 10%.
Relative Abundance
Relative abundance of mature females varied monthly in the lagoon and coastal habitats. Mature females were much more abundant and frequent in coastal waters than in the lagoon. In coastal waters the index peaked at 175 females [ha.sup.-1] in May, then declined steadily (Fig. 3). In the lagoon habitat the index of mature female was 20 in June, 13 in July, and two females [ha.sup.-1] in November.
Size Frequencies
Total length of mature females during the study period ranged from 90-195 mm (Fig. 4); average length was 151 [+ or -] 1 mm in coastal waters and 134 [+ or -] 2 mm in the lagoon (Fig. 5). Average total length of mature females was significantly greater in coastal waters ([F.sub.(1, 1556)] = 350.19, P < 0.05) than in the lagoon.
Egg Production
The EPI indicated that May was a very important month in terms of potential egg production in coastal waters, with 60 x [10.sup.6] eggs [ha.sup.-1] (Fig. 6) followed by a clear declining trend. The trend in EPI was similar for the two habitats only in June and July; however, it is one order of magnitude greater in coastal waters.
Size at Maturity
Size at maturity or size at massive maturation was calculated to be 155 mm total length for coastal waters and 146 mm in the lagoon (Fig. 7).
Studies of brown shrimp reproduction have been conducted mostly in marine habitats (Olguin-Palacios 1968, Edwards 1978, Mathews 1981, Aragon-Noriega & Alcantara-Razo 2005) but only one in a coastal lagoon habitat (Romero-Sedano et al. 2004). There is a gap of knowledge regarding biological aspects of brown shrimp in coastal lagoons of the Gulf of California. Closing this gap is paramount for fisheries conservation and management decisions.
Spawning is an important biological process as it is basic for renewal of stocks and conservation of the species. Understanding this site and species process also has implications in economics of fisheries as it is critical to protecting reproductive areas. For the Gulf of California, where shrimp stocks have been declared at their maximum sustainable yield (SAGARPA, 2004), this is particularly true.
Farfantepenaeus californiensis has been classified as an oceanic species (Garcia & Le Reste 1981). Mathews (1981) thought it enters shallow inner waters during the first postlarval stages and leaves this habitat when it has attained a mean total length of 35 mm, because this species has never been officially recorded in coastal lagoon catches (Mathews 1981, Del Valle & Martin 1995). In the Gulf of California, it is possible that mature brown shrimp do not occupy lagoons south of 23[degrees]N (southern Sinaloa) where most studies of shrimp biology have been conducted. This may be related to differences in the local hydrology (Poli & Calderon-Perez 1987). In southern Sinaloa during dry periods, estuarine systems are separated from the sea by sandbars. Our study site, Agiabampo lagoon, has a permanent connection to the sea offering species a structurally complex habitat within the beds of submerged macrophytes where they can find protection from predators (Arreola-Lizarraga 2003). In these conditions brown shrimp may remain in the lagoon or move in and out during the adult phase.
Other studies have documented the presence of brown shrimp in coastal lagoons of the Gulf of California in arid regions, north of 26[degrees]N, such as Estero del Soldado (Loesch 1980), Laguna de La Cruz (Grijalva-Chon & Barraza-Guardado 1992), and Laguna de Las Guasimas (Arreola-Lizarraga 2003). However, those studies did not report mature brown shrimp inside the coastal lagoons.
Romero-Sedano et al. (2004) previously highlighted the importance of describing coastal lagoons as habitat for reproductive stocks of the brown shrimp. Our objective in the present study was to compare stock indices (abundance, size, EPI and PMF) of brown shrimp to determine habitat preferences for reproduction. Agiabampo is the only coastal lagoon where brown shrimp have been sampled in spawning condition among three other coastal lagoons where its presence has been reported. The main difference we found within and outside the lagoon was the size at maturity. Mature female brown shrimp were larger in size in coastal waters than inside the lagoon. Although more specimens were collected inside the lagoon, the percentage of mature female was smaller there than in coastal waters. This contrasts with abundance data of mature female, which were higher in coastal waters than inside the lagoon, resulting in a greater EPI outside the lagoon.
In the present study of brown shrimp in Agiabampo, we found that this species has the facultative characteristic to develop its full life cycle in the lagoon system. Our results point to the hypothesis of a metapopulation structure between coastal waters and lagoon stocks in this region. The conclusion is that reproductive behavior of brown shrimp is different from what occurs in other coastal lagoons in northwestern Mexico. Brown shrimp appear capable of maturing and possibly spawning in the lagoon, although most egg production occurs in coastal waters further offshore. For fisheries management purposes, this finding is important because closing the fishery for brown shrimp during spawning season inside the lagoon could be a conservative measure to help protect the fishery. Additional studies could further support this hypothesis.
This study was supported by contract 908-1G of the National Fisheries Institute (INP) and CIBNOR. The national Council of Science and Technology of Mexico granted a fellowship to WVQ and ARGJ. The "Sylvia Ramirez" Fisheries Cooperative Society provided logistic support for field sampling.
Aragon-Noriega, E. A. 2005. Reproductive output of the blue shrimp, Litopenaeus stylirostris (Decapoda: Penaeidae), in the Gulf of California coast at Agiabampo, Sonora-Sinaloa, Mexico. J. Shellfish Res. 24:597-601.
Aragon-Noriega, E. A. & E. Alcantara-Razo. 2005. Influence of sea surface temperature on reproductive period and size at maturity of the brown shrimp (Farfantepenaeus californiensis) in the Gulf of California. Mar. Biol. 146:373-379.
Arreola-Lizarraga, J. A. 2003. Bases de manejo costero: Patrones ecologicos en la laguna costera Las Guasimas, Territorio Yaqui, Mexico. Doctoral Thesis, La Paz, Mexico. Centro de Investigaciones Biologicas del Noroeste. 60 pp.
BANDAS (Banco Nacional de Datos de Aguas Superficiales). 1997 Instituto Mexicano de Tecnologia del Agua, Periodo 1921-1994. CD-rom data base, Morelos, Mexico.
Dall, W., B. J. Hill, P. C. Rothlisberg & D. J. Staples. 1990. The Biology of the Penaeidae. In: J. H. S. Blaxter & A. J. Southward, editors. Advances in Marine Biology London: Academic Press. pp 27:1-489.
Del Valle, I. & P. Martin. 1995. Interannual variation in the catch and mean length of penaeid shrimp in the lagoons and coastal waters of Sinaloa, NW Mexico, and their possible link with environmental factors. ICES Mar. Sci. Syrup. 199:370-378.
Edwards, R. R. C. 1978. The fishery and fisheries biology of the penaeid shrimp on the Pacific Coast of Mexico. Oeanogr. Mar. Biol. Ann. Rev 16:145-180.
Garcia, S. & L. Le Reste. 1981. Life cycles, dynamics, exploitation and management of coastal Penaeid shrimp stocks. FAO Fish. Tech. Pap 203:1-215.
Grijalva-Chon, J. M. & R. H. Barraza-Guardado. 1992. Distribucion y abundancia de las postlarvas y juveniles de los camarones del genero Penaeus en Bahia Kino y Laguna de La Cruz, Sonora. Mexico. Cienc. Mar 18:153-169.
INP (Instituto Nacional de la Pesca). 2001. Sustentabilidad y pesca responsable en Mexico. Evaluacion y manejo, Instituto nacional de la Pesca. SAGARPA 1021 PP.
Kjerfve, B. 1986. Comparative oceanography of coastal lagoons. In: D. A. Wolfe editor. Estuarine variability. San Diego, CA: Academic Press. pp 1-81.
King, M. 1995. Fisheries biology, assessment and management. Victoria, Australia: Fishing News Books. 341 pp.
Leal-Gaxiola, A., J. Lopez-Martinez, E. A. Chavez, S. Hernandez-Vazquez & F. Mendez-Tenorio. 2001. Interannual variability of reproductive period of the brown shrimp, Farfantepenaeus californiensis (Holmes, 1900) (Decapoda, Natantia). Crustaceana 74:839-851.
Loesch, H. 1980. Some ecological observations on slow-swimming nekton with emphasis on Penaeidae shrimp in a small Mexican west coast estuary. Ann. hist. Cienc. Mar y Limnol. UNAM 7:1526.
Mathews, C. P. 1981. A review of the North American penaeid fisheries, with particular reference to Mexico. Kuwait Bull. Mar. Sci 2: 325-409.
Olguin-Palacios, M. 1968. Estudio de la biologia del camaron cafe Penaeus californiensis Holmes. FAO Fish. Rep. 57:331-356.
Poli, C. R. & J. A. Calderon-Perez. 1987. Efecto de los cambios hidrologicos en la boca del rio Baluarte sobre la inmigracion de las postlarvas de Penaeus vannamei Boone y P. stylirostris Stimpson al sistema lagunar Huizache-Caimanero, Sin., Mexico. Ann. Inst. Cienc. Mar y Limnol. UNAM. 14:29-44.
Porchas. M. A., L. R. Martinez, J. Naranjo, F. Magallon, G. Portillo & M. Unzueta. 2000. Efecto de la salinidad en la larvicultura del camaron cafe Farfantepenaeus californiensis (Holmes, 1900) a bajas temperaturas. Cienc. Mar. 26:503-510.
Romero-Sedano, C., E. A. Aragon-Noriega, M. M. Manzano-Sarabia, C. A. Salinas-Zavala & A. R. Garcia-Juarez. 2004. Reproductive period of brown shrimp Farfantepenaeus californiensis (Holmes 1900) in the Agiabampo coastal lagoon System, Sonora/Sinaloa, Mexico. Cienc. Mar. 30:465-475.
SAGARPA. 2004. Carta Nacional Pesquera. Mexico. Diario oficial de la federacion 15 de marzo de 2004. http://www.inp.sagarpa.gob.mx/CNP/index.htm
Sparre, P. & S. C. Venema. 1995. Introduccion a la evaluacion de recursos pesqueros tropicales. Parte 1. Manual. FAO Documento Tecnico de Pesca No. 306. 1st. Rev., 440 pp.
Valenzuela-Quinonez, W., E. A. Aragon-Noriega, D. P. Alvarado Romero, C. A. Salinas-Zavala & A. R. Garcia Juarez. 2006. Application of an egg production index to determine reproductive period of the brown shrimp Farfantepenaeus californiensis near Agiabampo, Sonora-Sinaloa. Mexico. J. Shellfish Res. 25:123-127.
(1) Centro de Investigaciones Biologicas del Noroeste, S.C. (CIBNOR), Unidad Sonora. Km 2.35 Camino al Tular, Estero de Bacochibampo, Guaymas, Sonora. 85454. Mexico; (2) Instituto Nacional de la Pesca (INP), Pitagoras 1320-8vo. piso. Col. Santa Cruz Atoyac. Mexico, D.F. 03310. Mexico; (3) Centro Regional de Investigacion Pesquera de Guaymas, Instituto Nacional de Pesca. Calle 20 No. 605 Sur, Col. Cantera, Guaymas, Sonora. 85400. Mexico; (4) Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigacion para el Desarrollo Integral Regional-IPN, Unidad Sinaloa. Km. 1.0 Carretera a Las Glorias, Guasave, Sinaloa 81101 Mexico
* Corresponding author. E-mail: email@example.com
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This was a good movie,with great acting and an OK story.
It's a great movie if you don't know anything about the man, but I'm getting angry just thinking about how much they strayed from real life facts.
Kuklinski used to be extremely violent towards his family and he abused systematically his wife, driving his children desperate.
Got this with the Iceman interviews. The actors did a wonderful job. Dark subject matter well done.Published 5 days ago by Jo
Very inaccurate representation of Richard Kuklinski and his life of crime. Most of the situations depicted are nowhere near what actually happened. Read morePublished 9 days ago by astrostar
Really bad movie. Disappointing especially if you watched interviews with the real Iceman. Expected better from these actorsPublished 22 days ago by Pamela F
Feel guilty that I liked this movie. But it was well made and interesting. Why we are interested in psychos is something I don't understand - but there you have it. Read morePublished 27 days ago by Coco Dubois
So crazy!! I saw an interview with the original Iceman after they caught him.. When I was a kid.. I never forgot it.. It was as disturbing as this movie..
Awesome movie.
I've watch all the Kuklinsky (sp?) interviews and I find him to be fascinating, if obviously terrible human being. Read morePublished 1 month ago by Dr. Tom's Reviews


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