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Nepomuceno, Gabo and the memoriesEric Nepomuceno was a thirty-something Brazilian journalist with a budding career when he landed in Havana during the summer of 1978. Almost before he [...]
100 years of playing cyclops, 50 years of Rayuela"Would I find La Maga? Most of the time it was just a case of my putting in an appearance, going along the Rue [...]
Antoine de Saint-Exupéry, the flight of the princeSeventy years after his plane was tragically shot down, we are still no closer to knowing which of the Nazi Luftwaffe pilots – Horst [...]
'Private' is 'Public': Health Care is our right"The Price of Experience: Writings on living with cancer" by Mike Marqusee demands an end to inequalities in health care and challenges the British [...]
Don Quijote rides into London"The Ingenious Gentleman Don Quijote de la Mancha", a new play directed and performed by the company Little Soldiers, opens on 23rd July. [...]
A debate: the new and the classic of Zed BooksThis publishing house will inaugurate their first "Open House" event on the 17th of July. It will allow people to find new books and [...]
Gabo and Poetry…Then he told me he had recently journeyed across the Cienaga Grande marshlands and the Frio river…the boatmen told him that the butterflies had [...]
Remembering Garcia MarquezHis death last filled the media and occupied commentators. The writer died on April 17th in Mexico City, at the age of 87, and [...]
Silvia Plath, poetry and bipolar disorderOn the 30th of April the Colombian poetry collective "Poesía Independiente" will host an event that will not only showcase new poets, but will [...]
100 years of Cortázar, and a biographyOn the occasion of this centenary, the intellectual´s widow has decided to publish a photographic biography with the help of the Catalonian journalist Carles [...]
England and the rest of the world celebrate 450 years of William ShakespeareOn 23rd April 2014, London and other cities around the globe will immerse themselves in the world of the British playwright with numerous events [...]
Syed Talha Ahsan: victim of an obvious racist deportationTo elucidate issues surrounding the extradition of citizens in relation to the War on Terror, Human rights organisation, Just West Yorkshire, and the Free [...]
"We are heroines"This slogan kicks off the fourth instalment of the annual International Poetry Festival 'Woman's Scream' that will take place in March in some thirty [...]
The life of Walter StarkieThis February 20th, London has an appointment with one of the most important figures of 20th century Spain, recalling the biography of a man [...]
Bogota celebrates rhymes from the past an presentThe Colombian group 'Independent Poetry' continues to give young people a voice. And so, on 30th January the group has organised an event in [...]
The Prisma News
Comments, EdgeNotes, In Focus
You have to be in the right mood to watch this film. It's a bit grim. It's not really the movie to eat popcorn to. Steve Latham Lore is harrowing tale about a group of children, as they travel across Germany during the aftermath of the Second World War. The children have been brought up by...Read more →
Culture, Lifestyle, Okology, Visual Arts
Indigenous Victoriano: the Panama Canal's first victim
Aby Martínez and his son René, who trained at the San Antonio de los Baños Film School in Cuba, spent a decade working on a project to revive the historical memory of Panama; almost completely buried under modern times. Photo from Facebook HeroeTransparentePelicula Luis Manuel Arce The...Read more →
Culture, Listings, Multiculture, Our People, Screen
The Argentine Film Festival returns to London
The 3rd festival runs from the 27th to the 30th of November, showing the best films of the last year from the Latin-American country. Fernando Marín For the third year running the Festival of Argentine Cinema, unique in Europe, will include films from and about Argentina, belonging to different...Read more →
Culture, Listings, Migrants, Multiculture, Music
Cuban children's festival in London
A Cuban event will take place in Bolivar Hall on the 23rd of November for children and anyone who wants to enjoy the Caribbean country's culture. The Cuban children's festival will feature puppet shows, music, live songs, food and drink, and games that will delight the little ones. Everything...Read more →
Comments, Globe, In Focus, Latin America
The house of Lucho Otero
When I passed by the house, which had been built over four hundred years ago, on the corner of the Church of the Waters in the old part of Bogotá, I looked at it nostalgically, it had been the home of the Otero Cifuentes family. One of the founders of the M-19 guerrilla group used to live there. Armando...Read more →
Comments, EdgeNotes, In Focus
While I was in Edinburgh this summer, I spotted a shop called Transfiction. Initially, I thought it was a shop for trans-gender people, but on inspection it turned out to be a Scifi bookshop. Steve Latham It did, however, set me musing on the prospects surrounding trans-gender. After the growing...Read more →
Comments, In Focus, Lifestyle, Okology
"Survival of the fittest" is coming to London
For the first time, this ten kilometre marathon will take place in London. In this event, different obstacles have to be overcome in order to reach the finish line. The course consists of 20 sections which will be divided into day shifts and night shifts. Around 10,000 competitors will take part...Read more →
Comments, EdgeNotes, In Focus
Changing gay marriage
Conservative critics of gay marriage claim frequently that it threatens the institution of marriage as such. Steve Latham In response, supporters have emphasised their commitment to the tradition of faithful and stable partnerships. They want nothing more than to be 'normal', accepted in...Read more →
Culture, Listings, Migrants, Multiculture, Screen
The European graveyard of refugees: Mediterranean sea
How can we call ourselves civilised when 22,000 bodies have sunk to the bottom of the Mediterranean in the last 14 years? On starting a new life in a new country: "It requires work, everything does". Graham Douglas Iva Radivojevic moved from Belgrade to Cyprus at the age of 12 during the...Read more →
Culture, Visual Arts
Facundo de Zuviría: Capturing the soul… of Buenos Aires
For the last few years he has shared the same career path as a close friend of the writer Jorge Luís Borges: Horacio Coppola. He was with him at his death, and today his photographs reflect the coincidences that the friendship generated. Facundo de Zuviría Text and photos by Virginia Moreno Molina Since...Read more →
Culture, Globe, Listings, Screen, United Kingdom
Discovering Latin America comes to London
Between November 27th and December 4th in London it will be time for this year's showcase of the best in Latin American cinema. Fernando Marin The NGO Discovering Latin America (DLA), which has been running for 12 years is once again bringing us the film festival, which this year celebrates...Read more →
Comments, In Focus
"I will carry that secret with me to the tomb"
At the beginning of the '80s when he worked as a lecturer at the Incca University of Colombia, I once saw the elegant figure of Armando Cuervo Romero striding along. Armando Orozco Tovar He was one metre seventy three tall, and I believe he was wearing a sombrero that day. Under his arm he always...Read more →
Comments, EdgeNotes, In Focus
Real "Gone girl"
I was a little unsure before I went to see Gone Girl, persuaded by my wife to see it on one of our 'date nights'. Steve Latham I expected a standard film: from what the trailer depicted, either the story of a man wrongfully-accused who proves his innocence, or an exploration of the...Read more →
Comments, Globe, Human Rights, In Focus, Latin America, Migrants, Multiculture, Politiks
Impunity and its social roots
In November IFEX is organising an international campaign to end impunity for crimes against journalists. And impunity concerns everyone, as long as the powerful are allowed to escape justice ordinary people are not fully citizens. 148 journalists were murdered or disappeared in Latin America between...Read more →
Culture, Screen
Owen Gower: Still the enemy within
The Scottish producer talks about his latest film. His first documentary film as a director is on the miners' strikes that ravaged the country 30 years ago. Fernando Marín Gascón "We knew people who had lived through the strikes themselves, with experiences that had to be told"...Read more →
Comments, Critical Dialogues, In Focus
Reflections on identity and diversity
A lot of emphasis has been placed on the heterogeneous character of Latin America, and indeed without paying attention to this diversity it would be impossible to understand the multi-ethnic and multi-cultural reality which exists in this region of the continent. Claudio Chipana But if there...Read more →
Culture, Listings, Migrants, Multiculture, Screen
London festival of Ecuadorian cinema
An exhibition of the year's most acclaimed Ecuadorian films will be shown in London from the 23rd to the 26th of October. The event is titled "Stories from Ecuador 2014" and for the third consecutive year, the Ecuadorian Embassy will open the doors of Bolivar Hall to make way for...Read more →
Comments, In Focus
A few moments with Fernando Garavito
The Colombian journalist and writer died on 28 October 2010, in the same year in which he became Deputy Editor of the online magazine Razón Pública. The writer died in an accident on the road in New Mexico, USA, the country to which he found himself exiled. Fernando Garavito Armando Orozco Tovar I...Read more →
Culture, Globe, Listings, Screen, United Kingdom
Argentine cinema at the London Film Festival
For the 58th edition of the London Film Festival, a series of films from Argentina will be shown. The event will start on the 8th of October and will end on the 19th of October. Drama, comedy, romance, intrigue and fear are the main themes covering the Argentine films that will be shown in British...Read more →
Culture, Globe, Music, United Kingdom
Valentina Montoya Martínez sings to free the silence
A Chilean singer living in Edinburgh, her life and work are profoundly marked by her political exile to the UK in 1977, when she was still a child. Valentina Montoya Jordi Albacete The escape from her homeland happened after her father was arrested and tortured in a concentration camp...Read more →

subset: commoncrawl


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mark anthony green
Results: 181 - 190 of 199
10 Essentials: Spank Rock
Underground hip-hop phenom Spank Rock tells us the 10 items he simply can't live without. And, of course, his hair stylist was at the top of the list read more
October 26, 2011
- Tags:
- 10 Essentials,
- Spank Rock
Celebrity Style Evolution: Lil Wayne
Platinum-selling Grammy winner Lil Wayne wasn't always the shirtless, skinny jean-wearing rock star we see today. Take a journey through two decades of Weezy fashion read more
October 20, 2011
- Tags:
- Style,
- Profiles,
- Style Story,
- Lil Wayne
Talking with Our Mouths Full: Nick Wooster
Style icon Nick Wooster dodged a horde of bloggers in the Conde Nast cafeteria to give us his take on the future of fashion, the street style phenomenon, and addressing the haters read more
October 18, 2011
The GQ Eye: GQ on Style
EXCLUSIVE: A First Look at Uniqlo's New Flagship Store
See the slideshow Since Uniqlo first arrived in the U.S. in 2006, people have strained to classify it. "It's the Japanese version of the Gap." "It's best for basics." "It's like Hollister, without the... read more
Tuesday, 10/11/2011 at 12:52PM
Talking with Our Mouths Full: Carmelo Anthony
All-Star forward Carmelo Anthony swung by the cafeteria to give us the scoop on the NBA lockout, what it's like being a reality TV star, and his fashion designer obsessions read more
October 11, 2011
Talking With Our Mouths Full: Michael Kenneth Williams
The man behind 'Boardwalk Empire's' Chalky White and 'The Wire's' Omar joins us in the cafeteria to talk about his stint on 'Community,' that famous scar, and his past with Tupac Shakur read more
October 04, 2011
Snap-Back Hats Just Snapped Back
Five hats that are resurrecting a classic look from the '90s read more
October 2011
- Tags:
- Style,
- Hats,
- Wear It Now
10 Essentials: Alex Dymond
The designer and entrepreneur who has partnered with Supreme, Vans, and Burton shares with us his favorite hat, his subway-riding strategy, and the restaurant that inspires him read more
September 28, 2011
- Tags:
- 10 Essentials,
- Alex Dymond
The GQ Eye: GQ on Style
Pharrell Williams Reminds Us Who FNO Is Really For
Billionaire Boys Club, the street-wear luxury brand that has gained a some-what cult following, had hundreds of giddy young people lined up in front of its doors last night. The cause of the commotion?... read more
Friday, 9/9/2011 at 2:30PM
The GQ Eye: GQ on Style
Party Recap: Tommy Hilfiger Gets Funky With Theophilus London
If Fashion's Night Out was a child, it wouldn't even be in school yet. Despite being a relatively new on phenomenon—it launched in 2009—you can catch living legends of fashion hustling across town from... read more
Friday, 9/9/2011 at 1:48PM
- Tags:
- Theophilus London,
- Tommy Hilfiger
Results: 181 - 190 of 199
News + Politics
- The Original Donald
- GQ Style: Wes Anderson's Highly Influential, Slightly Tweaked Take on Reality
- Jerry Lee Lewis Will Not go to Hell
- Matthew McConaughey: America's Space Cowboy
- Logan Lerman Went to Bootcamp with Brad Pitt for Fury
- Under the Influence: How Def Jam's Early Days Inspired this Season's Look
How To
Food + Travel
- David Chang's Kitchen: Don't Get All "Fresh" with Me
- David Chang's Kitchen: Your Idea of Bologna is Total Baloney
- Chart: The Family Tree of Bourbon Whiskey
- Recipe: Semi-Summer Salad - Chef Jeff Taibe of Oak + Almond
- The Great Franco-Italian Pasta Experiment
- How to Pick from an Overpriced Restaurant Wine List


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On Tuesday, November 5, 2013, experts from the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) and the World Resources Institute (WRI) will host a press teleconference to announce the findings of the latest "emissions gap report."
GENEVA/WASHINGTON – Many financial institutions measure and report their own greenhouse gas emissions, but the real impact is in their value chains. In 2013, only six percent of financial companies in the FTSE Global 500 reported any emissions associated with lending and investment to CDP.
WRI Launches Upgraded Climate Data Explorerby -
The world of open data welcomed a new platform this summer—WRI's Climate Analysis Indicators Tool, or CAIT 2.0. The platform offers free online access to global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and other climate data, enabling researchers, policymakers, media, and others to download, visualize, and share data for analysis and communications on climate change.
Today we're pleased to roll out the next iteration of CAIT 2.0, featuring improved functionality and other upgrades. Check out a screencast of how CAIT 2.0 works, or read on to learn about some of the benefits visitors can expect to find.
CAIT 2.0 – WRI's climate data explorer
CAIT 2.0, WRI's climate data explorer, provides free access to comprehensive, reliable, and comparable greenhouse gas emissions data sets, as well as other climate-relevant indicators, to enable analysis on a wide range of climate-related data questions.
Designing the 2015 Climate Agreement: Options for Submitting "National Offers"by and -
The UNFCCC negotiations are entering a crucial phase. Negotiators decided nearly two years ago to establish an international climate action agreement "with legal force" by 2015. How this agreement will be structured, though, remains to be seen.
WRI's new working paper lays out the various options for designing the process for submitting "national offers," countries' plans to reduce their respective greenhouse gas emissions. It will be critical for negotiators to focus on three key areas: the content of the offers, the timing and process for submitting them, and how they will be reviewed.
A Pathway to a Climate Change Agreement in 2015: Options for Setting and Reviewing GHG Emission Reduction Offers
The UNFCCC Parties need to put forward emission reduction offers as part of the 2015 climate change agreement that is currently being negotiated. This paper suggests options for the design of this process, including the content of the offers and how they will be reviewed. Ensuring that this...
Editor's Note: Experts are available in Pennsylvania and Washington, D.C. to discuss this analysis
Location: PHILADELPHIA//WASHINGTON, D.C.
World's Carbon Budget to Be Spent in Three Decadesby -
EDITOR'S NOTE 11/18/13: After this blog post was published, the IPCC updated its Summary for Policymakers. The figures in this blog post have been updated to reflect new information.
The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's (IPCC) Fifth Assessment Report (AR5) has delivered an overwhelming consensus that climate change impacts are accelerating, fueled by human-caused emissions. We may have just about 30 years left until the world's carbon budget is spent if we want a likely chance of limiting warming to 2 degrees C. Breaching this limit would put the world at increased risk of forest fires, coral bleaching, higher sea level rise, and other dangerous impacts.
When Will Our Carbon Budget Run Out?
The international community has adopted a goal for global warming not to rise above 2°C compared to pre-industrial temperatures. Scientists have devoted considerable effort to understanding what magnitude of emissions reductions are necessary to limit warming to this level, as the world faces increasingly dangerous climate change impacts with every degree of warming (see Box 1).
IPCC AR5 summarizes the scientific literature and estimates that cumulative carbon dioxide emissions related to human activities need to be limited to 1 trillion tonnes C (1000 PgC) since the beginning of the industrial revolution if we are to have a likely chance of limiting warming to 2°C. This is "our carbon budget" – the same concept as a checking account. When we've spent it all, there's no more money (and the planet's overdraft fees will be much more significant than a bank's small charges for bounced checks).[^1]
The Network for China's Climate and Energy Information
According to new WRI analysis, in the near- to mid-term, Michigan can meet and possibly exceed future emissions standards for existing power plants. The state has renewable energy (RPS) and energy efficiency standards in place that are already set to achieve significant reductions in CO2 emissions from the power sector.


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Prater looks for first Bengals action in 2013 ... Fifth-round 2012 draft pick missed his rookie season due to a knee injury ... Three-year starter at Iowa with seven career INTs, including two TDs on returns of 42 and 89 yards ... Tough run defender ... Led Iowa in forced fumbles (four) as a senior.
CAREER TRANSACTIONS: Selected by Cincinnati in fifth round of 2012 NFL Draft (156th overall) ... Signed with Bengals 5-10-12.
2012 HIGHLIGHTS: Did not play in the 2012 preseason, due to a knee injury he suffered in practice on Aug. 2 ... Was placed Aug. 24 on the Bengals Reserve/Injured list.
COLLEGE: Played four seasons (2008-11) at Iowa, with 48 games and 35 starts ... Totaled 171 tackles, seven INTs for 179 yards and two TDs, and 19 additional passes defensed ... All-Big Ten first-team selection by league coaches as a senior as Iowa posted 8-5 record with Insight Bowl berth ... Returned INT a career-long 89 yards for TD vs. Tennessee Tech in '11 ... Consensus All-Big Ten first-team selection as a junior, posting career highs in tackles (68) and INTs (four) ... Helped team go 11-2 with Orange Bowl win over Georgia Tech as a sophomore.
PERSONAL: Hometown is Omaha, Neb. ... Attended Central High School, where he was named first-team All-State as a senior and honorable mention All-State as a junior ... Also lettered in prep track, a member of the 4x400-meter relay state championship team as a senior ... Enjoys playing Call of Duty ... Psychology major at Iowa ... Twin brother Shane also played at Iowa, brother Nate played at Kansas State, and brother Randy Hopkins played at Nebraska-Omaha.
After spending virtually all of his rookie season injured and in exile, Shaun Prater calls himself "The Invisible Man." He's still more recognizable in his Iowa uniform than the stripes.
Find out what your favorite Bengals players pump up through their Bose headphones to get ready for the game.
The Bengals are on the road for the second straight week to face the Houston Texans. The game is Sunday at 1:00pm and will be televised on CBS (Local 12-Cincinnati)
With one of the most dominant defensive players coming up in JJ Watt for Houston, Geoff Hobson and Dan Hoard examine the keys for winning the Bengals second straight road game.
AJ McCarron talks with the media on returning from injury and learning from Andy Dalton and Jason Campbell.
Andre Smith talks with the media on success in running game from both Giovani Bernard and Jeremy Hill.


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Located right in the center of the old town of San Sebastian and close to a lot of restaurants, shops and the beach. The lady at reception was so friendly and accommodating. The rooms are very clean but not the most comfortable. There is a shared bathroom in this Pension which was also spotless but you had to walk through... More
- Reservation Options:
- TripAdvisor is proud to partner with Booking.com, Priceline and Odigeo so you can book your Pension La Marinera reservations with confidence. We help millions of travelers each month to find the perfect hotel for both vacation and business trips, always with the best discounts and special offers.


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Windows 7 Tells You Why You Can't Touch That File
From the files of the Can't Believe It Wasn't There Already Dept.: Windows 7 doesn't just give you a wagging finger (and pretend-useful "Try Again" button) when you want to move or delete a file that's in use.
lifehacker.com 49K


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Last weekend I made my 1st cider. Its been in the Carboy for about 4 days now. Here is what I did...
-Saturday AM mixed 5 gallons unpastuerized no perservative cider with 1Kg corn sugar and 1/4 tsp Potasium Metabisulphite. OG was 1.068
-Left Uncovered for 12 hours
-At 12 hr mark added about 2 tspns pectic enzyme
-Left uncovered for another 12 hrs
-At 24 hr point Sunday AM pitched Wine yeast at about 21 Degrees C and covered with airlock. Yeast was proofed with some warm water
-it is now Thursday AM and there is definite action in the airlock...a bubble about every 5 seconds and there is a layer of scummy looking foam ontop light beige/brownish (cider is brown still at this point)
-I was going to just leave it for at least 3-4 weeks, then take another gravity reading.
Does everything seem to be OK at this point? What is the FG I should be targeting for? I plan on priming it before I bottle it to carbonate.
What should I be looking for in the weeks to come?
Thanks !
Everything seems normal. Just let her rip. Need to know what yeast you used. A wine yeast will ferment dry (below 1.000?) as will most beer yeasts (near 1.000).
Most wine yeast will take that down to between .996 and 1.000. Should have quite a kick to it. Everything sounds great so far, as does your plan to leave it be for a few more weeks at least. Maybe just rack it in a few weeks, then let it clear up for a few more weeks before bottling.


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Let your young one stay cool while celebrating his Chicago Blackhawks and fandom with this Player hoodie from Reebok! This cool hoodie features a Chicago Blackhawks logo on the front and his favorite player's name and number printed on the back. It also has a rib-knit detailing and a front pouch pocket that will keep him comfortable while displaying his Chicago Blackhawks pride.
- 100% Cotton lining
- 70% Cotton/30% Polyester body
- Front pouch pocket
- Hood without drawstring
- Imported
- Midweight hoodie suitable for moderate temperatures
- Officially licensed
- Rib-knit cuffs & waist
- Screen print graphics
- Soft fleece lining
- Long Sleeve
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Special event items are produced by manufacturers only after the outcome of a game or event. These are advanced sale items and will ship immediately after they are received in our warehouse.
Manufacturer direct items are shipped directly from the manufacturer. These items are not available for international or expedited shipping.
Customized items can be personalized with options such as your name, your favorite number, and/or designs. Some options may be limited by league rules.


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Reader input: Planes, trains and cutbacks
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|Thursday, July 23, 2009
100 Best Nonprofits to Work for in Oregon [VIDEO]News
Thursday, October 02, 2014
More than 5,500 employees from 180 organizations throughout the state participated in the 100 Best Nonprofits to Work for in Oregon project.
Read more...
Two Sides of the CoinContributed Blogs
Wednesday, October 22, 2014
Historically, when the leaves fall, so do the markets. This year, earnings, Europe, energy and Ebola have in common? Beyond alliteration, they are four factors that the investors are pointing to for this year's seasonal volatility.
Read more...
Kill the MeetingNovember/December 2014
Wednesday, October 22, 2014
Meetings get a bad rap. A few local companies make them count.
Read more...
Grape ExpectationsOctober 2014
Thursday, September 25, 2014
Well-financed outsiders from France and California are buying up vineyards and wineries in the Willamette Valley.
Read more...
Revenge ForestryNovember/December 2014
Tuesday, October 14, 2014
A flare-up in the Elliott Forest raises questions about détente in Oregon's timber wars.
Read more...
Knight VisionOctober 2014
Thursday, September 25, 2014
Travis Knight wants to release a movie a year. Can he pull it off?
Read more...
October surpriseNews
Sunday, October 12, 2014
Cylvia Hayes, tabloid vs. watchdog journalism and the looming threat of a Cascadia earthquake.
Read more...
|A Complex Portrait: Immigration, Jobs and the Economy
|Revenge Forestry
|Woman of Steel
|The Bookseller
|Kill the Meeting
|Political Clout
|Mergers lucrative for departing CEOs, but not necessarily shareholders
|Senators ask, but get no real answers regarding safety from air bag executives
|Senate investigation says Wall Street misused commodities businesses
|Amazon says its cloud services will run on renewable energy
|Home building falls in October due to apartment sector
|Dollar hits highest point against Yen since 2007
|Investors wonder if OPEC cutback is imminent
Is your business ready to join us in the call for action? This opening panel includes Oregon businesses who will discuss why they signed the Oregon Climate Declaration, the investments they are making to reduce carbon emissions, and how their actions are affecting their companies.
Get ready for two days of special events produced with the EPA, Portland Timbers and ISOS before and after the GoGreen Conference on October 16.
Plenty of employers seem "dazed and confused" after the recent vote to legalize marijuana. In light of Measure 91 passing, what are some issues for private-sector Oregon employers to consider?
Rotary's Oregon Ethics in Business aims to raise consciousness about business ethics by honoring exceptional companies.
Barran Liebman's annual employment law seminar is an industry classic.
Is my drug-free workplace policy up in smoke?
More than 400 "Change Makers" will gather to invest in a socially sustainable community.
Sussman Shank LLP is pleased to announce that Dallas G. Thomsen and Victor J. Roehm have become partners of the firm.


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Promotion Terms & Conditions
- There is a limit of one coupon per order.
- Offer expires 11/24/2014 at 11:59AM ET.
- On sale items, NFL, MLB and NHL jerseys, World Series Championship Locker Room apparel, Nike Holiday Fleece, NFL Salute to Service apparel, MLB and NFL on field headwear, NASCAR die-cast, Under Armour apparel, and select memorabilia are excluded from promotion.
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Order today, receive no later than Friday, November 28th. Some limitations apply.
$6.99 3-day shipping. Need it faster?
You need a cozy hat that's gonna show off your Grizzlies fanaticism! This sweet Player Sideline knit hat from Nike features woven "Grizzlies" lettering above an embroidered brand logo. You'll be high-fivin' up a storm with fellow fans at the next game when you don this winning hat!
- 100% Acrylic
- Imported
- Officially licensed collegiate product
- One size fits most
- Quality embroidery
- Woven graphics
Special event items are produced by manufacturers only after the outcome of a game or event. These are advanced sale items and will ship immediately after they are received in our warehouse.
Manufacturer direct items are shipped directly from the manufacturer. These items are not available for international or expedited shipping.
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It seems the promotional three month trial for Netflix is over already. While it was always "for a limited time", that usually means a period of weeks, not hours.
Netflix trial for Chromecast no longer being offered
by Nate Swanner 1 year ago
It seems the promotional three month trial for Netflix is over already. While it was always "for a limited time", that usually means a period of weeks, not hours.
Subtracting the three months of Netflix service from the $35 price tag of the new Chromecast brings down its cost to just $11. And, the promo is open to existing Netflix customers too.
The anticipation is over, the Chromecasts are ordered, and the original Nexus 7 is retired. We knew much of what we'd see this morning, but there were still a few surprises. Things like textbooks via the Play Store could be important, and Netflix is getting cozy with Google.
Essentially, Google and Netflix just broke down a DRM wall to bring us the best possible streaming they could. This, along with Chromecast, seem to be the linchpins in a developing relationship with Google and Netflix.
If the current two simultaneous Netflix streams at the same time is not enough for your household, you'll be happy to hear that things are about to change with a new $11.99 plan.
Looking for the best apps for movie and TV streaming? Well we've compiled a list for you to help find the best streaming apps for Android.
April Fool's day in the tech industry can be chaotic, as many major companies take part in the fun. If you couldn't keep up, check out the best ones here.
According to a new report, Spotify is planning on launching a video streaming service to compete with Netflix and other similar services.
Nearly three months to the day since the official app first became available for download through the Google Play Store, Redbox Instant has finally come out of the beta testing stage to offer unlimited... movie streaming to the general public. And it is right on schedule. But does it have what it takes to properly steal some market share away from the likes of Netflix?
In case you didn't know...
Got a new Android smartphone? Not sure how to get the best out of it? Fear not, we're here to help. These are the must-have Android apps that you need to download today.


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Transport and Industry
The UK boasts scores of transport and industrial heritage museums as well as numerous heritage steam railways - get the inside track on them here with Culture24 news, reviews, events, websites and more...
Archaeologists "strike gold" with stinky pickling pond used in HMS Victory build
Digging a metre beneath a slab at Chatham Historic Dockyard, archaeologists have found excellently-preserved timbers used to create mighty ships centuries ago.
National Railway Museum launches appeal to restore humble electric commuter train unit
A humble South East Trains commuter train unit - the most travelled vehicle in the National Collection - is to be restored back to its former glory at the National Railway Museum.
Spock-like spectre haunts Norfolk railway steam engine
A ghostly apparition resembling Star Trek's Mr Spock has been discovered in the port hole of a locomotive of the Wells Walsingham Light Railway.
Duxford Aviation Society restores Concorde's famous droop nose mechanism
Duxford Aviation Society's newly-restored Concorde has learned how to lower its famous drooping nose once again in IWM Duxford's Airspace Hall.
Artist's Statement: Andrew Cross on the art of Trainspotting at the National Railway Museum
Artist Andrew Cross has created the National Railway Museum's exhibition on the phenomenon of Trainspotting. His passion, he says, is wonderfully absurd.
Archaeologists launch crowdfunding bid to discover story of London's lost waterways
Archaeologists on the Thames foreshore want to explore the river stairs which acted as London's bus and tube stops - if they can raise £3,000 through a public appeal.
Prized 108-ton steam loco launches triple fundraising appeal at East Lancashire Railway
East Lancashire Railway volunteers have undertaken a sponsored pull of their flagship LMS "Crab" 2-6-0 No.13065 loco, to launch a major campaign to raise £250,000 for three key projects.
Victorian railway infrastructure discovered by archaeologists near London tube station
A 200-metre long engine shed, workshop and train turntables have been found among artefacts from Isambard Kingdom Brunel's 19th century Great Western Railway.
National Motorcycle Museum offers £20,000 reward after thieves smash trophy cabinets
The Solihull museum is appealing for information after thieves stole trophies and replicas and caused "substantial damage" during a late night break-in.


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Vijay Raj, a Setup & Deployment MVP from Bangalore, India, authors a popular blog on Software Development & Deployment at http://www.MSIGeek.com.
To aid migration to Windows 7, Vijay has authored a 5-part series on Windows 7 Application Compatibility. AppCompat is one stop point whenever someone wants to move to a new operating system (in this case, Windows 7).
This series of posts covers information on how the core changes of Windows 7 will affect the Day-to-Day applications. It also covers methods to mitigate these issues from the basic viewpoint of Developers, IT Pros and End-Users. Highly recommend!
Thats an amazing series of articles by Vijay - Nice work!
Vijay is a geek in Windows. Worth to watch this series.
Thanks for your comments Guys..! I am really glad that, the appcompat series is featured here.


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Tax and Tags Calculator // Know your true monthly paymentAll the other calculators only tell you about your loan rates, however, they leave out the Tax and Tags, because they couldn't figure it out.
Iowa - Buying & Selling FAQs - The Paperwork To File At The IA DMVGet the facts before buying a new car or selling your used vehicle in Iowa. Learn more on IA vehicle tax, obtaining a bill of sale and more.
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Car Donation Guide for Donating Your Car to a Charity and Getting a Tax Write-off | DMV.orgBefore you donate your car, research various charities, learn about write-offs and how to obtain a notice of transfer and cancel your license plates and tags.
Guide for car buyers looking used cars & certified pre owned cars | DMV.orgOur used car buying guide covers everything from buying online to going through a dealer or private party. Get info on test drives, lemon laws, and more.
Guide to Selling a Used Car Online, Locally and the Paperwork Involved | DMV.orgGet the basics of car donation and selling a car online or locally. Find out more on required paperwork such as the bill of sale and release of liability.
Guide for buying a new car, leasing and buying, & more | DMV.orgBefore inking a deal on a new car, learn about leasing, buying a car online or at a dealership, new car incentives, taxes, researching the market, and more.
Total Loss and Car Insurance| DMV.orgDiscover what constitutes a total loss and how your car insurance covers these events.


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Myron L Company
based in Carlsbad, CALIFORNIA (USA)
Myron L Company manufactures cost-effective high performance tools for solution control and water quality analysis, as well as calibration solutions, accessories and kits that keep instrumentation operating at peak performance in diverse applications. Our current product line includes handheld instruments, inline monitor/controllers and field test kits that measure ...
Valvan Baling Systems NV
based in Menen, BELGIUM
Valvan Baling Systems is an engineering company that specializes in the design and construction of hydraulic baling presses and accessories. Our biggest target sector is the recycling industry. Our product range of baling presses is suitable for processing natural and synthetic fibers, RDF, paper, cardboard, plastics, municipal solid waste, second hand clothing, We are ...
Process Combustion Ltd
based in Harrogate, UNITED KINGDOM
Process Combustion have extensive experience of the design, manufacture and installation of thermal oxidation equipment, which safely and effectively destroy gaseous and liquid waste from a diverse range of industries worldwide. Our reference list includes major companies in the chemical, pharmaceutical, oil & gas, food, glass, printing and automotive industry. Process ...
Catalytic Products International (CPI)
based in Lake Zurich, ILLINOIS (USA)
Catalytic Products International is the preferred resource for innovative and efficient industrial air pollution control solutions. Customers from across the globe rely on our expertise to solve their most complex VOC, NOx, and Odor pollution challenges. The custom engineered systems include, Thermal Oxidizers, Catalytic Oxidizers, Regenerative Thermal Oxidizers, Heat ...
Anguil Environmental Systems, Inc.
based in Milwaukee, WISCONSIN (USA)
Anguil Environmental Systems, Inc. is a global provider of air pollution control technologies, including regenerative thermal oxidizers (RTOs), as well as catalytic, thermal recuperative and direct fired thermal oxidizers. Our vapor combustion and emission concentrator systems are used for the destruction of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs), Hazardous Air Pollutants, ...
Warden Biomedia
based in Luton, UNITED KINGDOM
At Warden Biomedia, we design, manufacture and supply Random Biological Filter Media to improve aerobic treatment across the full range of applications – from the largest municipal sewage treatment plant down to a garden fishpond. With the philosophy of increased surface area, the eco-friendly trickling filter and biological filter media are injection-moulded in recycled ...
Northstar Recycling
based in East Longmeadow, MASSACHUSETTS (USA)
At Northstar Recycling, everything we do starts with one simple fact: waste has value. By working with us, you not only make money, you also send a strong message to your customers and staff that you care about doing what's right. It's a win-win for your business and the environment.
Waste Disposal Equipment
based in Milwaukee, WISCONSIN (USA)
Specializes in providing top quality waste disposal equipment to meet your waste handling & disposal needs in a very economical way. Serves all types of operations Internationally - industrial, commercial, retail, service - whoever wants to efficiently cut the costs of their waste disposal. Since our equipment typically reduces the volume of wastes by 50% or more, that ...
GOLDEN Specialty, Inc.
based in Deer Park, TEXAS (USA)
Golden Specialty provides industry-leading products and services for on-site emissions testing of stationary sources. Our certified and deeply experienced staff use state-of-the-art equipment and redundant CEM systems to reduce risk and ensure highest quality data. We sell and lease a wide range of air testing equipment, parts, supplies, and maintenance service packages ...
based in Delhi, INDIA
Our company has been in the field of Vacuum, Pressure, & Chemical Process Pumps line for about 30 years and are engaged in marketing various types of Vacuum, Pressure and Process Pumps, Scientific Equipments, Plants, Systems, Measuring Instruments & related paraphernalia to numerous Government, Semi-Government and Private Industrial units in India and the same are also ...


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Outlook For Surface Officer Manning Looks Bleak
By Chris van Avery
Navy Times ran a story on officer manning in the submarine and surface communies that piqued my interest. Chief of Naval Personnel Vice Adm. Mark Ferguson made this statement to Congress on 19 March:
Though officer retention rates have generally increased, there remain select shortfalls in the control grades," he wrote, referring to aggregate numbers across all the officer communities. "Commander and lieutenant commander inventories are below requirements; though, for the first time in many years, unrestricted line captain inventory exceeds officer programmed authorizations.
While that may be true across all communities, the outlook for the Surface Navy is still pretty poor. And, according to the most recent community brief to Commanding and Executive Officers, the problem looks like it will take at least a decade to correct. Slides 2 and 20 show the numbers.
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text: Go Back Model for SME Sector Development By Professor Saburo Kameyama, Faculty of Commerce, Chuo University, Saburo Kameyama, Faculty of Commerce, Chuo University, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com Hidenori Kobayashi, Faculty of Policy Studies, Chuo University, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com Toru Suetake, Arthur Andersen, Tokyo E-mail: email@example.com Abstract SME: Small and Medium Enterprise sector development is one of the key issues in external cooperation by developed countries to developing countries recently. Development of SME sector is important for strengthening the leading industries with the assistance of SME as support industries. In addition, SME development is the future candidate of leading industry because every leading enterprise has had the experience of starting their business as a SME. The future of the industry is dependent on the development of SME. For the labor market, SME development is also an important issue because it employs the labor force and offers wages to workers. In those terms, development of the SME sector could be not only the key issue of industry development but also socio-economic development for every country. The Japanese government developed many tools for SME development and has been quite successful with their performance during the past several decades. However, according to our experiences, although incentive tools for development of the SME sector have been used effectively, there are some difficulties that mainly come from the circumstantial nature surrounding SME. Basically the SME sector has a complex nature and it is the reason why the SME sector can be sustained We are trying to develop a standard SME sector model and examine the effectiveness of incentive tools for providing powerful decision making support tools for industry development planning staff of governments. Key word: SME, industry, macro economy 1. Introduction SME sector development is one of the key issues for many countries both for advanced countries including USA, JAPAN, and many East European counties, but also for developing counties including Indonesia, the Philippines and China. From December 1999 to March 2000, and May to June 2000, we conducted a series of studies on SME sector development policy and policy structure including policy tools in developing countries and international assistance agencies. We visited multi-lateral international assistance agencies of the World Bank, IDBA, EBRD and the Asian Development Bank. We visited bilateral development assistance agencies of USAID and JICA, JBIC, and the Ministry of International Trade and Industry in Japan. We visited the developing countries of Bulgaria, Poland, the Philippines, Thailand, Cambodia, Laos PDR, Bangladesh, Malaysia, Indonesia, Vietnam and two municipal governments of China (Shenyang and Hanzong). We also visited and studied OECD on their SME sector development. Based on those studies, we first categorized SME development policies of those countries and then developed a standard SME sector model to check the effectiveness of those SME development tools and polices on their developing scenarios. 2. Objectives of SME sector development Based on those studies we found that objectives or aims of SME development policy may briefly be put into the four following categories: 1) For creation as industry itself: There are countries which do not have modern industry, typically in the least developed counties such as Laos PDR and Cambodia. In those countries, almost all enterprise is micro enterprise and SME are rare. The first key issue for those countries is creation of enterprise itself. It is also true in China for basically, there was no private enterprise and all enterprises were state owned. However, creation of pure private SME is an essential issue for China for smooth implementation of privatization. 2) For creation as support industry: There are countries which do not have strong support industry, typically in newly developed countries in South East Asia such as Indonesia, the Philippines and Malaysia. They have several large international enterprises and also many multi-national enterprises who invest in those countries. However, industry structure is not so strong due mainly to problems coming from their supply-chain structures. Industry development policies of those countries focus on mainly tie in network between leading industry and SME as support industry. 3) Industry sector reform: Industry sector reform is another key issue in every country. China is facing the privatization of its state owned enterprises. They need SME to absorb the excess labor forces from SOE. Many East European countries are trying to change the industry structure which formerly focused on non-efficient heavy industry to balanced industrial structure with increased focus on light industry and modern industry. Every country has keen interest on development of IT industry and has or is developing many incentive tools including direct finance mechanism. IT industry may be thought of as a magic box which can quickly turn on the industry of a country even in the least developed countries such as Laos PRD and Cambodia. This may also be true for advanced countries such as USA for they always need new leading industries and SME sector development is first stage. With SME sector development, they may find several new industries that could be the candidates of leading industry in the next generation. 4) Labor force absorption: SME absorbs the over capacity of labor market effectively. Many countries including China and developing countries could not handle labor issues mostly over capacity of old economy and shortage of new economy. Especially, China and former communist countries have been transferring state owned enterprises into privately owned ones and have faced unemployment problems. SME sector development is a keen issue for them to absorb such unemployment. However, the problem of setting the SME sector development policy is mixed with those aims and can not be clearly simplified. On the other hand, policy tools are always simplified and a limitation is set. For this limitation, government prepares as many tools as possible and must use them with combination. Therefore, we considered the tools standard framework is very important before starting to develop the standard SME sector model. 3. SME Basic law The existence of a basic law for SME is important for give to establish the framework of sector development. Normally, in under SME basic law, determined size of SME and mapped related laws, and regulations policy tools are conducted by executing agencies. Although there are arguments of over the necessity of SME basic laws and some countries insist on covering their industry development laws or commerce laws, however, we find the existing suitable SME basic law is a key issues for makes smooth and effective SME sector development. Although without SME basic law, some countries such as Malaysia could conduct SME sector development smoothly and successfully but having rich and varied SME sector development tools and consistency of SME sector development policy are the reasons of success in these countries. Especially, long-term consistency of SME sector development policy itself works as a kind of SME basic law. With the use of the long-term policy consistency, it may be said that they create tacit SME basic law. SME basic law is very useful to operate and extend SME sector development in terms of giving the core policy framework. For this reason, many countries including Thailand and China recently decided to establish the SME basic law. Normally, in SME basic law, the following items are determined: - Determination of SME. Normally SME determines the number of employees and/or sales amount. From studies of 12 counties, we noticed that the number of employees of SME is around below 200 to 300. Also many countries use three categories of SME, into three, micro-enterprise, small enterprise and medium size enterprise. Micro enterprise is normally under 10 employees and operates mainly as family business. - Framework of incentive policy tools. Basic idea of industry development is free competition. However, every government will try to give some incentive mechanism, some of them are for setting a level playing field and others are for determining the roles and responsibilities of related government agencies. Also determining the relationship with other related laws and regulations pre and post established. 4. Tools for SME sector development Japan may be one of the successful countries in SME sector development. 99% of Japanese companies are SME and this SME sector hired 78% of the labor forces, shared 50% of shipping and sales trade in total trade in Japan during 1998 to 1999. Of course, the situations of almost all countries are like that. More than 90% of the companies are SME in all countries. Table 1: Category of SME sector incentive tools. Category Tools A) Finance A1) Lending and guarantee scheme for SME A2) Direct finance (Investment and venture capital) A3) Taxation for SME and incentive tax B) Management Reform B1) Management reform B2) Creation of new business B3) Creation of new technology C) Strengthening of Management C1) Management resource Infrastructure C2) Cooperative C3) Industry integration C4) Commerce integration C5) Distribution industry C6) Labor issue C7) Fair trade C8) Support Industry C9) Government procurement D) Environment E) Micro enterprise For development of SME sector, Japanese government, the Ministry of Economy and Industry (former Ministry of International Trade and Industry) has been developing many incentive tools. The idea and concept of the SME development policy by the Ministry of Economy and Finance may be categorized as follows. This is one of example for SME sector development tools. A) Finance: Finance is a fundamental issue for every SME. There are two financial schemes, direct (investment) and non-direct (lending). In non-direct financial scheme for SME, several governments have funds for SME or government banks have provided funds for SME. Some countries like Japan and Malaysia have many lending programs for SME and settle the lending amount and interest rate, guarantee scheme for leading SME sector development and/or industry sector development. Also for non-direct financial scheme, guarantee scheme by government is very important for many SME does not have enough mortgages. Several governments have in such government guarantee schemes for lending to SME. Typically, government established the fund for guarantee and this government owned fund provides guarantee to the bank for SME whom want to borrow money from that bank. However, many international assistance agencies including IMF and the World Bank is not affirmative on non-direct financial schemes by government for it's against economic principles of free competition in the free market. Incentive tax also has been a very useful tools for SME development for a long time. It could be effectively control the self-development power of SME. However, many developing countries do not have strong taxation capabilities in central government and some of SME could escape from the tax. Also, many international assistance agencies do not agree to set incentive taxes for it is against economic principles of level playing field. For these reasons, many countries shift to an indirect tax system which gets government incomes from such as value added tax. B) Management Reform: Management system and structure of SME is very primitive stage or not modernized in many cases. In case of Japan, government sets three assistance components in management reform for SME. First one is management reform itself and provides technical and financial assistance to introduce a modern management system such as transfer from family business or small cooperation organization to modern corporate or limited company. Second scheme is assistance to create new business. Many countries also have in this new business creation assistance scheme as venture capital scheme and give financial support or tax incentives. Third assistance scheme is new technology development. SBIR of USA is very famous in this scheme. Other countries also have in such schemes and provide material, testing facilities and tools, equipment, researchers and experts as advisors, technical matching services and human resources matching services. C) Strengthening of management infrastructure: This is composed of nine tools groups. C1) Management resource: This category of tools purpose to establish enough management resources. Shortage of management resources including human resources is a key issues for strengthening SME management infrastructure. In many countries, government established the SME center and provides consulting services and matching services. Japan has a unique system to certify SME consultants with government certified SME consultants and also provide consulting services by those certified SME consultants for improving management of SME in technical, financial, marketing and training area. Also in this category, there are tools for assisting training to manager and employees in the area of technology, accounting and management. Tools to assist to export, saving energy and environment issues are also in this category. C2) Cooperative: Establishing the cooperative unit by SME is another scheme for strengthening the SME organization. Japanese government assists to establish the cooperative unit by integrating SME and then transforming it in to a normal cooperative or limited company. C3) Industry integration: Industry integration has two characteristics for SME development. One is economy economic development in local areas and the other is strengthening management infrastructure by integration of management resources. C4) Commerce integration: Commerce integration is another scheme and also have has two characteristics same in common with industry integration. One is economic development in commerce area with through adjustment of large-scale retail shops such as department stores and super markets. Two typical trends happen in Japan related to this commerce integration. With acceleration of rural type large scale shopping malls, which mainly focus on the customer coming by car, old commerce areas near the railway terminal become unpopulated. Also large-scale retail shopping stores abolish the branch stores in the old commercial areas due to the for recession and cut low profit stores. Revitalization of old commerce areas or re-development of former commerce areas is one of the key issues for this commerce integration policy. The other issue in commerce is, over population and unpopulated issues. Unbalance of population and domestic immigration problems cause big gaps of in commerce areas. Some adjustment is necessary with re-development and re-vitalization of commerce areas. Another is strengthening SME management infrastructure. C5) Distribution industry: Distribution industry also has faces big problems especially as the world turns into the e-commerce and the IT ages. Once, distribution industry had roles of finance, stock adjustment and information providing to both supplier and retailer and those roles make create some value added value to this industry. However, e-commerce changed the situation and lean production has made those roles of the distribution industry less necessary on those roles by distribution industry. In the case of Japan, government established the assistance tools for integration of SME distributors and SME retailers, create d unique and advanced SME retailers and transformed it in to a much more efficient and effective system linkage between distributors and retailers. C6) Labor issue: Labor issues are one of top the main issues for SME. Protection and management of the labor market is the responsibility on the Ministry of Labor in Japan. MITI in Japan rather focuses on training for employees or encourages the improvement of capability and establish promotes the stability of the labor market. Other countries rather only focus on training and human resources matching services and lack on labor market stabilization methods to take balance of the supply side and demand side. C7) Fair trade or trade fairness: SME especially SME in support industry have a handicap on trade with large companies. Many governments have trade fairness laws and regulations but Japan has a specific one on trade between large companies and SME in support industry. Another scheme is to develop the support industry with fair trade. Although Japan has an anti- monopoly law but it is not specific for SME, the same as other countries. C8) Support Industry: Strengthening of support industry is a big characteristic of Japanese style by of SME development of Japanese style. Characteristics or system of companies is different with between Japanese style and other countries, especially Europe and America. Japanese manufacturing companies rather have a system composed to support industrial manufacturers and make clear roles and responsibility. It looks like a pyramid structure. Therefore, big and leading companies leave the parts manufacturing to support industry manufacturers and focus on R&D, marketing and assembling. That is the reason that strengthening support industry is a key issues on not only SME sector development but also strengthening leading industry in Japan. In Europe and America, big manufacturers, they rather want to make all parts by themselves, so called one stop manufacturing. However, this style of manufacturing has changed even in Europe and America and they now choose to purchase parts from support industry manufacturers. Developing countries such as Indonesia, the Philippines and even Malaysia, have established a local support industry and created strong linkage and ties in with big, leading manufacturers and sometimes with multi- national manufacturers whom invested in their countries. This, is a key success factor for their industry development. C9) Government procurement assists SME: To help and assist SME sector development, some countries such as Japan, Poland and Bulgaria have a system to purchase material and goods from SME. D) Environment: Environment assistance tools in this category do not have narrow meaning in Japan. It includes protection and prevention from bankruptcy, disaster and socio-economic structure adjustment. Protection and prevention of bankruptcy is a kind of safety net for SME. In Japan, they prepare lawyer and arbitrator in all branch offices of Japan Chamber of Commerce and provide arbitration services. Also for prevention of bankruptcy by bankruptcy of trade partner or supplier, emergency government finance scheme is prepared. Also another emergency finance scheme and insurance scheme for natural disasters or accidents are prepared. With these social safety nets, MITI tries to forward smoothly industrial structure adjustment. Other countries have rather narrow assisting tools only focusing on environmental issues such as transfer of raw material to green products or recycling. E) Micro enterprise: SME is clearly separated from micro enterprises. Many countries are also separate with SME and micro enterprise but some countries still put them into the same category. However, separation is very important. In many countries and international assistance agencies, SME development policy focuses not only on development for SME sector itself but also on micro enterprises, policy with these characteristics is therefore a social safety net. SME development tools may also be put into two categories, one to assist and give incentives to SME in Japan. These polices aim to strengthen the SME management and encourage them to grow to large and international enterprises. It may be said focus is on SME itself or inner structure strengthening. Second one is tools categorized as the industrial structure adjustment and gives suitable space for SME on their survival and chance to grow. Tools of many other countries are not so clearly separate on strengthening of SME itself and industry structure adjustment. We have studied SME development in several developing counties and also policy of international assistance agencies from 1999 to 2000. From this study, we found that the structure of SME sector development tools in Japan is the most advanced and well prepared. For this reason, we decided to use a standard policy tools framework similar to the Japanese one. There are not any non-categorized SME policy tools in this framework nor excess frameworks. Another framework such as the balanced score card became popular. However, the balanced score card framework only focuses on strengthening the management infrastructure of SME and does not consider much on industry structure adjustment and micro enterprise social safety net. 5. Scenario of SME development There are mainly 5 types of SME development scenarios at the initial stage. Many advanced countries take one or several initial scenarios for success of SME sector development. Surrounding these scenarios or combination of scenarios for industrial development, many incentive tools are used for accelerating the development to shift low level technology products to much value added products and export oriented products. Table 2: Initial stage Type Characteristics 1 Import replacement Start with replacement of agriculture related import items with domestic products such as in the area of agriculture tools, chemical fertilizer, and agro-chemicals. Then shift to construction materials and equipment such as cement, iron bars, and galvanized iron sheets. Then shift to light industrial products such as soap and textiles and lastly shift to rather heavy industry such as plastic products. Many countries have used this scenario with success including Korea and Japan. 2 Raw material replacement Start with replacement of export of raw material to products using raw material in the country. Examples, cotton exporting country shifts to export of textiles or cotton cloth. Also sub-industrial development such as machines for spinning and growth of light and heavy industry. Successful example is, India which went from cotton exporting country to textile exporting country. 3 Integration Integrate some specific sub industry and increase the brand value and fame with establishment of the an industrial estate or industrial zone and develop a large scale supply chain network. For example, Tubame city of Japan started to focus on manufacturing of tableware and established the brand and fame. Same as Silicon Valley in USA and many successful examples in the world. 4 Castle town type Support industries are developed surrounding one big firm or plant and expand the industry. Successful examples are many in Japan such as Toyota city, many subsidiaries and part manufacturing enterprises operate business surrounding Toyota or Hitachi city. Many subsidiary companies and related companies were established around Hitachi. 5 Ohta Ward type It is a new type industry development scenario. Establish a high- tech SME network and develop the industry within the network. Such as Taiwan personal computer maker which found a way to manufacture personal computers with procurement of network from another part manufacturing maker in Taiwan. Another development scenario starts with agribusiness and industrialization. Along with these development courses, SME sector was also developed to accompany industrialization. 1) Import replacement: Import replacement not only focuses on SME development scenario but has been a typical success scenario for many countries. Strategy of replacement is very important and normally high custom duties are set for import items to protects domestic products. By domestic industry protection, government also gives incentive tax for export and increases the ration of export items using raw material domestically. However, recent free trade movement (such as WTO) makes it difficult to follow this strategy. Developing countries could not set high custom duties on import items. Therefore, to avoid violating WTO rules, strategy to assist establishment of domestic manufacturers that produce import replacement goods and supplier link with those manufacturers, and then strengthening management and technical capability and assist marketing could be one of the choices. Second important key success factor is combination and order (prioritization) of developing sub industry. Normally, replacement with simple and low technology products in first stage. But recently, instead replacement with agricultural machines, agricultural chemicals, fertilizer in first stage but start with replacement of construction materials such as cement, iron pipe and iron plate for linking with development of agriculture infrastructure such as building of irrigation systems. 2) Raw material replacement: Also many developing countries takes this strategy. Not only export of raw materials produced in the country but also shift to replacing this raw material with products using this raw material. Typically, cotton, crude oil and natural gas producing countries take in such strategy. Government provides technical support and assists new products development and establishes the manufacturing company. Also along with this assistance, establishment and development of supply chain is very important. However, there are several unsuccessful cases. Textile industry in India started with replacement of cotton. However, they could not take price leadership in the world market and could not increase the export of both cotton and textiles as expected for they failed to improve the quality of their product, mainly. For agriculture countries, improvement of quality itself is a key issues but some countries such as Jamaica have been successful in to establishing brand on agriculture products. (Blue Mountain coffee of Jamaica is one of those success cases.) Ohta prefecture of Japan is another success case of this strategy. They established one famous product in each municipality as brand and also used strategies for establishing the total brand image of Ohta prefecture combined with each municipal product. 3) Integration: Integration of SME is one of the typical industrial development strategies taken by many countries. Integration makes scale merits on supply chain and bargain power for procurement, sales and incentive negotiation with local and central government. The design of integration depends on the nature and characteristics of the people and nations. Government initiatives make rather single category industry integration but large scale such as textile and spine industry, metal and machine, and electronics. Private initiative integration makes rather small scale and mixed industry. Large-scale single industry integration by government initiatives has been thought of as a useful solution for development and acceleration of SME development, however, recently the theory rather focuses on the relationship or network within the integration and stresses how to create added value on the manufacturing and logistics. Less developed countries sometimes do not have a strong industry sector at all. In such countries, they start to integrate handy craft industry with cooperation or tie in with tourism industry and make small souvenirs. Then make some sort of brand image such as Ubdo of Bali Island, Indonesia that established the fame of woodcuts. However, this is only the first step of the strategy and development toward next stage of industrialization is key issue for SME development. 4) Castle town type: Natural integration around big companies that create their own subsidiary company for support of their industry, or gather suppliers and distributors and develop the formation of a full set supply chain in one city. SME could have a lot of merit to get orders and technical consultation from big companies. Also for big companies at the head of this supply chain, they have merit to get one stop shop services of supplies from subsidiary companies and companies in support industry. There are so many success cases in Japan such as Toyota city famous for gathering all Toyota related and subsidiary companies in Toyota city and its suburb area. However, there are some unsuccessful cases such as Hitachi City. They could establish one big supply chain around Hitachi Manufacturing Co., that is one of the big manufacturing companies in Japan. But the recession shrunk the business of this company and related SME faced a difficult situation for they had too much strong linkage with this company. The same situation happened in several castle towns including Nissan, another big carmaker in Japan and several ships yard companies in Kitakyushu, Japan. The same thing happened in USA in Detroit. Shifting to next generation industry and conducting suitable industry structure adjustment by government is always a key issue for this type of industry development. 5) Ohta Ward type: This type of industrial development is rather new. Establish the information network of SME and work as virtual manufacturing company. In IT industry, many governments are eager to take in this type of strategy to accompany integration. Integration rather focuses on gathering SME into one place but this type is focuses on establishing an information network and acts as one big virtual company, not considering the physical location so much. There are so many successes stories especially in the IT industry. For example, IT SME in Taiwan established an information network and arranged the parts or orders within the network for success to win the big contract from PC manufacturing. Ohka ward of Japan is famous for integrating many high skilled SME manufacturing companies and was successful in getting orders which need high skill manufacturing technology for they can find any kind of technology within the network and arrange the order. Silicon Valley of USA is also of this type. However, establishing an intelligent linkage is a key success factor especially for SME in IT area. Success of Silicon Valley comes from the linkage of university and research institutes in California. Also success of Taiwan PC manufactures comes from speedy custom systems for import and export. Linkage around the network is very important too. Governments must consider the shape of the future network so government must take initiatives in some part and leave others for private initiatives. Other SME sector development scenarios are focused on so called development processes. Normally less developed countries have a self-sufficient agriculture economy. They must start first with handy craft type manufacturing. Then perform replacement of import goods or export raw material. With this so-called self-development of domestic industry, they can then encourage foreign investment such as invite establishment of factories or subsidiary companies of multi- national companies. Then make linkage or tie in with those companies as leading companies and domestic companies. Also development of support industry is a key success factor in this stage. Last stage is make area-trade- network or free trade zones and accelerates international trade to increase exports. With strengthening of SME management infrastructure, it is important to make strong SME that have only one unique manufacturing technology or top market share in niche market. In case of Japan, there are so many strong companies that have top market share in the world with only one unique top class manufacturing technology. 6. Model for SME sector development There should be two characteristics in SME sector development model of SD. One is the management of SME itself. Many political tools work for strengthening of the SME management infrastructure itself. Other side is structure adjustment. Also many political tools try to lead the sector development direction such as accelerating new and potential industry such as IT and conduct industrial adjustment with the other hand. Therefore, SME sector model should have two characteristics. In the SD model, we solve this situation with a two-step approach that starts with development of a micro model for evaluating SME sector development tools that focus on strengthening of their management infrastructure and then build macro model and evaluate tools for structure adjustment in the second step. Micro model sets factors that only make impacts on SME itself and gives structure adjustment factors as exogenous variables. The macro model, which may be called socio-economic model and sets factors related mainly for SME itself sets as exogenous variables and gives the results of simulation by micro model. 7. Micro level sector model. Customer reputation to SME Advertisement performance Market share Quality of products Macro economy Marketing Cashflow of Income for SME Expenditure of SME SME Market size Number of nitch markets Raw material Tax incentives HR payment Performance of Technology Interest business strategy Improvement Guarantee scheme Investment to facility Training performance Direct finance Indirect finance Organizational Learning loss by learning retirement Chart 1: Outline of SME micro model SME are complex and easily fall into chaotic management situation. This chaotic behavior of SME has been studied by H. Kobayahi (1997). On the SME micro level sector model, we decided to avoid this complex behavior and made the model rather simple. There are already developed so many models in this world. This model is basically same structure and character with those models but eliminated elements of manufacturing and procurement. In this model, we focused on cash flow and checked the impact of many SME sector development tools mainly given as incentives for SME with relation to finance, marketing, technology improvement and training which describes a hypothetical situation and the simulation results give great detail. Especially in training field, we focused on accumulation of organizational knowledge and its impact on technology and marketing with their strategy. In other words, SME sector development tools which give incentives of SME create impact through strategy parameters. Also, strategy parameters made impact on the business area and market share interactively. Based on this model, we set the macro economy factor that gives 3 years cycle wave with gradual increase of 5% and flat (no increase) to market size. Delay happened between direct or indirect finance and the investment to facility. Also delay is set between investment to facility to technology improvement, technology improvement to the quality of products, customer reputation to SME and market share, tax incentives and expenditure, interest and expenditure, training and organizational learning. In order to make it simple, we set the interest including return of indirect finance. 7-1) Hypothesis of SME 1: Financial assistance In many countries, governments have incentive tools to give some direct or indirect financial assistance or guarantee scheme including tax incentives to SME. However, to give financial incentives to SME is criticized by many economist of the world including the World Bank and IMF for these government activities are harmful for free competitive market oriented playing field. Is it truly harmful for SME development? We have conducted simulation and check the effectiveness of financial assistance to SME and found that financial assistance is always helpful for the management of SME. In this model, we handled direct finance for increasing the income but gave no load to expenditure. Indirect finance also increased the income and increased the expenditure (interest) with delay. Direct finance had much more impact toward cash flow than indirect finance for indirect finance made a big impact toward expenditure. We handled the tax incentives also in the same manner, decrease the expenditure with delay. Even this tax incentive effect for cash flow management of SME was useful. However, problems occurred with delay. SME has always secured finance, that makes it difficult to keep balance between income and expenditure when investment and payment happens. For maintain profitability, SME may have to invest in technology development and productivity improvement, but these investments give financial load in later stage. Quick and timely finance can help and increase the profitability of SME but if too much delay, SME may face bankruptcy for shortage of cash. Compared with large scale enterprises, SME has small capacity to bear the fluctuation of cash flow. It may no need to be said that this fact is matched by the same observation in many countries. As the conclusion of simulation, whether direct, indirect or tax incentives financial assistance is useful and many criticism of financial assistance comes from institutional structure of the government or government organization. Added to the inefficiency of government financial institutions, corruption and unfairness of financial lending or guarantee schemes are a problem. We carefully checked the criticism of government finance but could not find any evidence for negative effects of finance to SME itself. All criticisms are only mentioned mechanism and institutes of financial assistance. 7-2) Hypothesis of SME 2: Impact of the knowledge based economy We also tried to check the impact of knowledge management and impact of the knowledge store on the organization. Maybe that is the reason why model structure for retirement decreases the storage of knowledge and decreases the performance coming from training, we think knowledge seems to be less impacted compared with other elements such as financial assistance or marketing assistance. In the observation, many governments give training chances to the employee of SME, from handicraft type technique to accounting and management techniques. I myself have been working for development of such technical transfer institution for many developing countries but could not feel so successful. There are arguments that the government should focus on assistance to basic skill development or advanced skill. Recent trends and external assistance by multilateral and bilateral donor agencies rather want to focus on advanced skill such as MBA course development with cooperation of universities and technology institutes. Also it may be related that many developing countries rather want to focus on IT and advanced technology oriented industry development with venture capital investment style and they need skill for management more than basic accounting and management skills or primitive low technology skills development. In this rather simple primitive SME model, we could not confirm the behavior and impact of skills development but rather got a rough idea. 7-3) Hypothesis of SME 3: Impact of marketing assistance Many governments have official or non official marketing assistance to SME, such as the chamber of commerce and industry that gives market information and the government have exhibitions to promote SME and their products. Maybe this also comes from the structure of the model but as conclusion, profit of SME depends on the market share or market growth. Assistance of marketing is only useful when market share and/or market size is increased in this model. This may also match our observation for many SME in other countries. 8. Macro level sector model. Macro model is a kind of socio-economic model and we developed two kinds of macro model. First macro model focused on industry sector and evaluated the impact of structure adjustment. We focused on accumulated GDP and how structure adjustment policy works and makes impact on GDP. Structure adjustment promotes productivity and demand from industry sector. The strength of linkage between SME and each sector are given as SME ratios. The basic data of ratio is calculated from the statistics of Japanese government. We use this model to check the other macro model which is shown as chart 3. Imports Export Outputs from agriculture for Import to export agriculture sector Outputs from agriculture sector for industry Inputs to agriculture sector sector from industry Agriculture Domestic sector sector Outputs from agriculture consumption sector for services Inputs to agriculture sector sector from services Outputs from agriculture sector sector for domestic consumption Import to industry sector Outputs from industry sector for Inputs to industry Industry export sector from agriculture sector sector Outputs from industry sector for agriculture Import industry SME ratio sector Inputs to industry Outputs from industry sector from services SME export ratio Outputs from industry Input to industry SME sector from agriculture sector sector for service sector Outputs from industry ratio SME industry SME for agriculture ratio sector Outputs from industry Input to industry SME sector for domestic Import to service from service sector ratio Outputs from industry consumption GDP sector SME for service ratio Outputs from Inputs to service sector Services services sector for from agriculture sector sector export Outputs from services Output from service sector for agriculture Inputs to service Import services SME ratio SME for export ratio sector sector from industry Input to service SME sector from agriculture ratio SME services Outputs from services Outputs from services SME for agriculture ratio sector for industry sector sector Output from services Inputs to services SME SME for industry ratio Outputs from services from industry ratio sector for domestic consumption Chart 2: Outline of macro model for check the SME portion Second macro model is SME sector-model and we focused on major sub industries and how impact was effected with the change of components. In this model, we looked closely at the impact of industry adjustment to major sub industry group. To make things simple, we only considered agri- process products, textiles, machines and electronic products related to export and could change export ratio. Also, we simulated the development stage with change of the light industry ratio and the heavy industry ratio. Finance and utility worked as accelerators of productivity to each sub industry sector. To check the linkage between multi national companies and domestic companies, we used export ratio. It may actually not exactly describe the linkage of multi national companies and domestic companies in the domestic market but we did not have suitable statistic data to know the actual trade between multi national companies and domestic SME within domestic market but many governments have export statistic data of SME sector. Textile industry performance improvement by integration indicator Input from Agriprocess Hotel and agriculture sector restaurant/retail Input from import Textile Light industry ratio Domestic Porcelain Construction consumption Metal Industry SME production Finance Machine Heavy uindustry ratio Export Electronic Utility Agriproess products Chemical export ratio IT new venture ratio Textile export ratio IT utility IT/software Company linkage indicator Electoronic products export ratio Electronic industry performance improvement by Macnine export ratio integration indicator IT/Software export ratio Machine industry performance improvement by integration indicator Chart 3: Outline of macro model for SME industry sub sector 8-1) Hypothesis of macro model 1: Structure adjustment Is structure adjustment policy which rapidly changes the share of agriculture, industry and services sector useful or not? Using cross sector production data matrix, we simulated structure adjustment policy. Based on data of productivity of industries, we set that productivity of agriculture as an S curve. It means, the productivity growth of agriculture will stop depend on GDP and development stage. It felt strange that the simulation results of structure adjustment between agriculture, industry and services did not have much impact but structure adjustment within the industrial sub sector had much impact when adjustment could be successful to increase the productivity of the sector. Combination of industry sub sector impacted and performance of industry sector leading to the growth of GDP, as fine tuning made for high performance. If industry development relies too much on domestic agriculture products, replacement of export raw material type industry development, economic development fall into limit of growth. In cases where we introduced turbulence in purchasing of raw material, we found it easy to see that turbulence impacted growth of other sub industries. We also checked the strengthening of linkage between industry sub sectors with change of parameters and showed stabilization of procurement and consumption. We find this policy is quite useful for industry development. Such mechanisms for maintaining linkage between sub sectors and large scale enterprises have been developed in Japan by private initiatives as virtual subsidiary (Keirestu) and succeeded. Malaysia and Indonesia introduced development of such mechanism in their industry development master plan and in Malaysian case, they succeed. They encouraged development of a friendly linkage between multi-national companies and domestic companies, that caused stabilization of domestic raw material consumption. However, in the Indonesian case, political change caused a crash and the linkages failed. Many economists also criticized the linkage strengthening policy saying that it creates barriers to free competition market mechanism. 8-2) Hypothesis of macro model 2: Impact of industry integration Many developing countries establish the industry estate and integrate SME into single industry sub sector. In China and also Japan several decades ago, there were so many integrated sub sectors in one estate and makes cities. In the same manner, we assumed such integration strengthens the export power and conducted the simulation. As mentioned before, we have no choice but to rely on the statistic data of exports in SME sector, we assumed that industry integration can increase the export ratio. This integration may also be related to the light industry ratio and the heavy industry ratio but not create linkage in this model. The simulation results were the same as hypothesis 1. Integration is useful and has impact on industry development. However, this simulation result was not consistent with simulation results in micro model. In the simulation of micro model, integration gives negative impact in relation to reduction of the market share. But our micro SME model does not consider foreign markets at all. As our observation, many developing countries are eager to develop the integration such as industrial estate or industrial zone. Large scale integrated industry zones for textiles, machines and IT (called high tech park) were developed in China. In other countries such as Indonesia, the Philippines, Bangladesh and Thailand, they developed export oriented industry estates and/or trading and were successful in contributing to increased exports. 8-3) Hypothesis of macro model 3: Could IT/software bring sound industry development? We added IT/software parameters into our macro model. As IT/software industry does not have strong linkage with other industry sub sectors, the success of this sector development increased exports in a straight line and finally the industry SME production. IT/software sector production is controlled by IT utility, which is telecommunication infrastructure and IT new venture ratio. This part is so simple and easy to control but again, our model did not consider the linkage with the world market. As we could not find suitable statistical data for export of IT/software industry and the relation with the world market, we could not make a conclusion. Development of other sub industries were affected by other industry sub sector development such as the development of electronic and machine industries which have limited material support from metal industry. Our model is simple toward the relationship between industry sub sector but the relation of supplier and consumer limiting the straight and sound growth of sub industry sector production. This relationship may have to be studied further in the supply chain area. Maybe the structure of our model is too conservative for SME development policy which shifted to high tech or IT/software focus development recently. However, our old fashioned traditional style simulation concluded fine tuning style balanced industry sub sector development is most effective for sound SME sector development. Also, need to change from domestic consumption oriented to export oriented to increase the market size for production of SME sector. 8-4) Hypothesis of macro model 4: What is necessary for development? Several studies and research are conducted on Asian Miracle which focus on the success of high and long socio-economic development in East Asia. Is SD could possibly trace on this success mechanism? In other words, what is necessary for under develop country could reach to developed? Is it the initial condition shown in table 2 and resources rich country could take easy take off? Which gives much impact to the sound development, finance or infrastructure? For check this matters, we developed the agro-process focused model that makes much detailed of the macro model of chart 3. The mechanism shows in chart 4. Main flow goes crops, vegetable and other agriculture raw material to self-consumption and keeps balance in under developed situation. Gradually, people use part of those raw materials for food processing and handy craft products processed in house such as bamboo basket for agriculture use. Its goes to domestic market mainly and gradually shift to export. For push the products to domestic and international market, farmer get petty cash and this cycle (thick blue arrow) makes reinforcement cycle. In such phenomenon could possibly cause for change with distribution infrastructure, finance and technical assistance and merchandise infrastructure (bold type parameters). Initial condition one, import replacement and two, raw material replacement could check using this model. Our simulation results shows not difference with initial condition for long term. Limit of handy craft type production capability, industry need to shift from handy craft production to small factory type manufacturing (red arrow). If domestic market is stable or export market is stable, industry could keep developing. But disturbance of international market links with export and industry heavily relay on the export, it is very hard for keeps maintain the stable. Success of the development depends on the success for switch to small factory type manufacturing and could keep adjusting to the fluctuation of the world market. In the reality, domestic market also is infected with international market and domestic production affected by import goods even agro-process products. It's depends on the cost and distribution infrastructure. Also, even petty cash could hardly provided to the poor farmer even in merchandise infrastructure that is developed some levels for many developing countries. self consimption crops + + ++ domestc use vegetable food processed + + distribution + small factory type infrastructure + manufacturing + Export other agriculture handycraft products + raw material + financial and agri chemical technical assiatance Fluctuation of + world market chemical fartilizer + petty cash + agriculture machine + merchandise infratructure Chart 4: Outline of macro model for SME industry sub sector for focus on agri-process industry 9. Conclusion It is not with one packaged completed model simulation, however, with combined use of several models for SME industry, we concluded that: 1) It is almost impossible for self develop of industries by their own efforts. Developing country could being stable if keep maintain within self consumption cycle or domestic market oriented. However, when involved in the world market: 2) Success of development mean almost fine tuning of many effective factors and adjust for fluctuation coming from macro market. And several mechanism may useful for stable toward macro market fluctuation such as: 3) Financial assistance and financial assistance structure (smooth banking and/or guarantee scheme) is most important impact for SME industry development. 3) Linkages with multi-national or large scale company also have impact to make stable of the market. But: 5) These simulation results does not include human side emotion such as weak for corruption that many times makes barrier for development. 10. Further study. We selected the way to simplify the model to avoid the chaotic behavior of SME. However, as mentioned before, SME itself have complex nature and can easily fall into chaotic management situations through failure of decision making on facility investment. It may be worthwhile to study how the total SME sector will behave if we develop the SME linkage model. Kobayashi already conducted a model like the Japanese local government model and built a linkage model of the 47 prefectures. In this model, each prefecture behaves as micro model and total linkage could be macro model. In such macro-micro linkage model, composed of industry sub-sector linkage model would be one candidate. Our model is actually rather simplified and does not closely study the impact of tools to sub industry linkage. Another model for linkage of more than 100 SME models will be a very attractive study. Nobody in SD has yet studied what will happen to the behavior of a macro model that is composed of micro model of chaotic nature. Complexity should be studied more. 11. Bibliography 1. Study on Knowledge Based Support for SME Sector Development, JICA, March 2000 2. Study on Competence of Soft Area Consulting Firms in Japan, Industry Research Institutes, May 2000 3. Dynamics of Policy Science Study – Excel System Dynamics, H. Kobayashi, 1997 4. Exposition of Exponential Delay, H. Kobayashi, Policy Sciences Research Report Series #8, May 2000


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