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Terrestrial Carbon Management
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Terrestrial Carbon Management Data Sets and Analyses Terrestrial Carbon Management Data Sets and Analyses Carbon Accumulation with Cropland Management Influence of Agricultural Management on Soil Organic Carbon: A Compendium and Assessment of Canadian Studies (VandenBygaart et al., Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada) Soil Carbon Sequestration by Tillage and Crop Rotation: A Global Data Analysis (West and Post, Oak Ridge National Laboratory) Preliminary Estimates of the Potential for Carbon Mitigation in European Soils Through No-Till Farming (Smith et al., University of Aberdeen, United Kingdom) Potential for Carbon Sequestration in European Soils: Preliminary Estimates for Five Scenarios Using Results from Long-Term Experiments (Smith et al., University of Aberdeen, United Kingdom) Carbon Accumulation with Grassland Management
DOE Manual Studies Terrestrial Carbon Sequestration | Department...
Energy.gov (U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)) Indexed Site
Manual Studies Terrestrial Carbon Sequestration DOE Manual Studies Terrestrial Carbon Sequestration January 18, 2011 - 12:00pm Addthis Washington, DC - There is considerable...
Definition, Capabilities, and Components of a Terrestrial Carbon Monitoring System
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
Research efforts for effectively and consistently monitoring terrestrial carbon are increasing in number. As such, there is a need to define carbon monitoring and how it relates to carbon cycle science and carbon management. There is also a need to identify intended capabilities of a carbon monitoring system and what system components are needed to develop the capabilities. This paper is intended to promote discussion on what capabilities are needed in a carbon monitoring system based on requirements for different areas of carbon-related research and, ultimately, for carbon management. While many methods exist to quantify different components of the carbon cycle, research is needed on how these methods can be coupled or integrated to obtain carbon stock and flux estimates regularly and at a resolution that enables attribution of carbon dynamics to respective sources. As society faces sustainability and climate change conerns, carbon management activities implemented to reduce carbon emissions or increase carbon stocks will become increasingly important. Carbon management requires moderate to high resolution monitoring. Therefore, if monitoring is intended to help inform management decisions, management priorities should be considered prior to development of a monitoring system.
West, Tristram O.; Brown, Molly E.; Duran, Riley M.; Ogle, Stephen; Moss, Richard H.
Integrated Estimates of Global Terrestrial Carbon Sequestration
SciTech Connect
Assessing the contribution of terrestrial carbon sequestration to international climate change mitigation requires integration across scientific and disciplinary boundaries. As part of a scenario analysis for the US Climate Change Technology Program, measurements and geographic data were used to develop terrestrial carbon sequestration estimates for agricultural soil carbon, reforestation and pasture management. These estimates were then applied in the MiniCAM integrated assessment model to evaluate mitigation strategies within policy and technology scenarios aimed at achieving atmospheric CO2 stabilization by 2100. Adoption of terrestrial sequestration practices is based on competition for land and economic markets for carbon. Terrestrial sequestration reach a peak combined rate of 0.5 to 0.7 Gt carbon yr-1 in mid-century with contributions from agricultural soil (0.21 Gt carbon yr-1), reforestation (0.31 Gt carbon yr-1) and pasture (0.15 Gt carbon yr-1). Sequestration rates vary over time period and with different technology and policy scenarios. The combined contribution of terrestrial sequestration over the next century ranges from 31 to 41 GtC. The contribution of terrestrial sequestration to mitigation is highest early in the century, reaching up to 20% of total carbon mitigation. This analysis provides insight into the behavior of terrestrial carbon mitigation options in the presence and absence of climate change mitigation policies.
Thomson, Allison M.; Izaurralde, R Cesar; Smith, Steven J.; Clarke, Leon E.
DOE Manual Studies Terrestrial Carbon Sequestration | Department of Energy
Manual Studies Terrestrial Carbon Sequestration Manual Studies Terrestrial Carbon Sequestration DOE Manual Studies Terrestrial Carbon Sequestration January 18, 2011 - 12:00pm Addthis Washington, DC - There is considerable opportunity and growing technical sophistication to make terrestrial carbon sequestration both practical and effective, according to the latest carbon capture and storage (CCS) "best practices" manual issued by the U.S. Department of Energy. Best Practices for Terrestrial Sequestration of Carbon Dioxide details the most suitable operational approaches and techniques for terrestrial sequestration, a carbon dioxide (CO2) mitigation strategy capable of removing CO2 already in the air. Consequently, terrestrial sequestration, which uses photosynthesis - part of the natural carbon cycle - to create
Parallel Computing for Terrestrial Ecosystem Carbon Modeling
Terrestrial ecosystems are a primary component of research on global environmental change. Observational and modeling research on terrestrial ecosystems at the global scale, however, has lagged behind their counterparts for oceanic and atmospheric systems, largely because the unique challenges associated with the tremendous diversity and complexity of terrestrial ecosystems. There are 8 major types of terrestrial ecosystem: tropical rain forest, savannas, deserts, temperate grassland, deciduous forest, coniferous forest, tundra, and chaparral. The carbon cycle is an important mechanism in the coupling of terrestrial ecosystems with climate through biological fluxes of CO{sub 2}. The influence of terrestrial ecosystems on atmospheric CO{sub 2} can be modeled via several means at different timescales. Important processes include plant dynamics, change in land use, as well as ecosystem biogeography. Over the past several decades, many terrestrial ecosystem models (see the 'Model developments' section) have been developed to understand the interactions between terrestrial carbon storage and CO{sub 2} concentration in the atmosphere, as well as the consequences of these interactions. Early TECMs generally adapted simple box-flow exchange models, in which photosynthetic CO{sub 2} uptake and respiratory CO{sub 2} release are simulated in an empirical manner with a small number of vegetation and soil carbon pools. Demands on kinds and amount of information required from global TECMs have grown. Recently, along with the rapid development of parallel computing, spatially explicit TECMs with detailed process based representations of carbon dynamics become attractive, because those models can readily incorporate a variety of additional ecosystem processes (such as dispersal, establishment, growth, mortality etc.) and environmental factors (such as landscape position, pest populations, disturbances, resource manipulations, etc.), and provide information to frame policy options for climate change impact analysis.
Wang, Dali [ORNL; Post, Wilfred M [ORNL; Ricciuto, Daniel M [ORNL; Berry, Michael [University of Tennessee, Knoxville (UTK)
Terrestrial Carbon Cycle Dynamics under Recent and Future Climate Change
The behavior of the terrestrial carbon cycle under historical and future climate change is examined using the University of Victoria Earth System Climate Model, now coupled to a dynamic terrestrial vegetation and global carbon cycle model. When ...
H. Damon Matthews; Andrew J. Weaver; Katrin J. Meissner
Regional Partnerships in Terrestrial Carbon Sequestration
Regional Partnerships in Terrestrial Carbon Sequestration Regional Partnerships in Terrestrial Carbon Sequestration November 6-7, 2001 Lexington, Kentucky Robert Addington AEI Incorporated 2000 Ashland Drive Ashland, KY 41101 Phone: 606-928-3433 Email: email@example.com Jim Amonette MSIN K8-96 Pacific Northwest National Laboratory P.O. Box 999 Richland, WA 99352 Phone: 509-3765565 Email: email@example.com Patrick Angel Area Office Manager U.S. Department of Interior Office of Surface Mining P.O. Box 1048 London, KY 40741 Phone: 606-878-6440 Email: firstname.lastname@example.com Hugh Archer Commissioner Kentucky Dept of Natural Resources 663 Teton Trail Frankfort, KY 40601 Phone: 502-564-2184 Email: firstname.lastname@example.com Victor Badaker Mining Engineering Dept. University of Kentucky MML Bldg. Lexington, KY 40546 Phone: 859-257-3818
NETL: Regional Partnerships in Terrestrial Carbon Sequestration
Regional Partnerships in Terrestrial Carbon Sequestration Regional Partnerships in Terrestrial Carbon Sequestration A "Hands-On" Workshop for the Appalachian Coal & Electric Utilities Industries Table of Contents Disclaimer General Conference Information Papers and Presentations Disclaimer This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government or any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof.
Argonne Terrestrial Carbon Cycle Data from Batvia Prairie and Agricultural Sites
DOE Data Explorer (OSTI)
Carbon dioxide fluxes and stocks in terrestrial ecosystems are key measurements needed to constrain quantification of regional carbon sinks and sources and the mechanisms controlling them. This information is required to produce a sound carbon budget for North America. This project examines CO2 and energy fluxes from agricultural land and from restored tallgrass prairie to compare their carbon sequestration potentials. The study integrates eddy covariance measurements with biometric measurements of plant and soil carbon stocks for two systems in northeastern Illinois: 1) long-term cultivated land in corn-soybean rotation with conventional tillage, and 2) a 15 year-old restored prairie that represents a long-term application of CRP conversion of cultivated land to native vegetation. The study contributes to the North American Carbon Program (NACP) by providing information on the magnitude and distribution of carbon stocks and the processes that control carbon dynamics in cultivated and CRP-restored land in the Midwest. The prairie site has been functioning since October 2004 and the agricultural site since July 2005. (From http://www.atmos.anl.gov/ FERMI/index.html)
Matamala, Roser [ANL; Jastrow, Julie D.; Lesht, Barry [ANL; Cook, David [ANL; Pekour, Mikhail [ANL; Gonzalez-Meler, Miquel A. [University of Illinois at Chicago
Terrestrial carbon cycle dynamics under recent and future climate change
E-Print Network (OSTI)
The behavior of the terrestrial carbon cycle under historical and future climate change is examined using the University of Victoria Earth System Climate Model, now coupled to a dynamic terrestrial vegetation and global carbon cycle model. When forced by historical emissions of CO 2 from fossil fuels and land-use change, the coupled climate�carbon cycle model accurately reproduces historical atmospheric CO 2 trends, as well as terrestrial and oceanic uptake for the past two decades. Under six twenty-first-century CO 2 emissions scenarios, both terrestrial and oceanic carbon sinks continue to increase, though terrestrial uptake slows in the latter half of the century. Climate�carbon cycle feedbacks are isolated by comparing a coupled model run with a run where climate and the carbon cycle are uncoupled. The modeled positive feedback between the carbon cycle and climate is found to be relatively small, resulting in an increase in simulated CO 2 of 60 ppmv at the year 2100. Including non-CO 2 greenhouse gas forcing and increasing the model�s climate sensitivity increase the effect of this feedback to 140 ppmv. The UVic model does not, however, simulate a switch from a terrestrial carbon sink to a source during the twenty-first century, as earlier studies have suggested. This can be explained by a lack of substantial reductions in simulated vegetation productivity due to climate changes. 1.
H. Damon Matthews; Andrew J. Weaver; Katrin; J. Meissner
What is the Potential for Carbon Sequestration by the Terrestrial...
What is the Potential for Carbon Sequestration by the Terrestrial Biosphere? Roger C. Dahlman 1 , Gary K. Jacobs 2 , and F. Blaine Metting, Jr. 2 This paper highlights some of...
Twentieth-Century Droughts and Their Impacts on Terrestrial Carbon Cycling in China
Midlatitude regions experienced frequent droughts during the twentieth century, but their impacts on terrestrial carbon balance are unclear. This paper presents a century-scale study of drought effects on the carbon balance of terrestrial ...
Jingfeng Xiao; Qianlai Zhuang; Eryuan Liang; Xuemei Shao; A. David McGuire; Aaron Moody; David W. Kicklighter; Jerry M. Melillo
Climate control of terrestrial carbon exchange across biomes and continents
Understanding the relationships between climate and carbon exchange by terrestrial ecosystems is critical to predict future levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide because of the potential accelerating effects of positive climate carbon cycle feedbacks. However, directly observed relationships between climate and terrestrial CO2 exchange with the atmosphere across biomes and continents are lacking. Here we present data describing the relationships between net ecosystem exchange of carbon (NEE) and climate factors as measured using the eddy covariance method at 125 unique sites in various ecosystems over six continents with a total of 559 site-years. We find that NEE observed at eddy covariance sites is (1) a strong function of mean annual temperature at mid- and high-latitudes, (2) a strong function of dryness at mid- and low-latitudes, and (3) a function of both temperature and dryness around the mid-latitudinal belt (45 N). The sensitivity of NEE to mean annual temperature breaks down at ~ 16 C (a threshold value of mean annual temperature), above which no further increase of CO2 uptake with temperature was observed and dryness influence overrules temperature influence.
Ricciuto, Daniel M [ORNL; Gu, Lianhong [ORNL
Management Opportunities for Enhancing Terrestrial Carbon Dioxide Sinks
The potential for mitigating increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations through the use of terrestrial biological carbon (C) sequestration is substantial. Here, we estimate the amount of C being sequestered by natural processes at global, North American, and national US scales. We present and quantify, where possible, the potential for deliberate human actions � through forestry, agriculture, and use of biomass-based fuels � to augment these natural sinks. Carbon sequestration may potentially be achieved through some of these activities but at the expense of substantial changes in land-use management. Some practices (eg reduced tillage, improved silviculture, woody bioenergy crops) are already being implemented because of their economic benefits and associated ecosystem services. Given their cumulative greenhouse-gas impacts, other strategies (eg the use of biochar and cellulosic bioenergy crops) require further evaluation to determine whether widespread implementation is warranted.
Post, W. M.; Izaurralde, Roberto C.; West, Tristram O.; Liebig, Mark A.; King, Anthony W.
Consequences of Considering Carbon/Nitrogen Interactions on the Feedbacks between Climate and the Terrestrial Carbon Cycle
A number of observational studies indicate that carbon sequestration by terrestrial ecosystems in a world with an atmosphere richer in carbon dioxide and a warmer climate depends on the interactions between the carbon and ...
Sokolov, Andrei P.
A Brief Review of the Application of 14C in Terrestrial Carbon Cycle Studies
An over-arching goal of the DOE TCP program is to understand the mechanistic controls over the fate, transport, and residence time of carbon in the terrestrial biosphere. Many of the modern process and modeling studies focus on seasonal to interannual variability. However, much of the carbon on the landscape and in soils is in separate reservoirs with turnover times that are multi-decadal to millennial. It is the controls on these longer term pools or reservoirs that is a critical unknown in the face of rising GHGs and climate change and uncertainties of the terrestrial biosphere as a future global sink or source of atmospheric CO{sub 2} [eg., Friedlingstein et al., 2006; Govindasamy et al., 2005; Thompson et al., 2004]. Radiocarbon measurements, in combination with other data, can provide insight into, and constraints on, terrestrial carbon cycling. Radiocarbon (t{sub 1/2} 5730yrs) is produced naturally in the stratosphere when secondary neutrons generated by cosmic rays collide with {sup 14}N atoms [Libby 1946; Arnold and Libby, 1949]. Upon formation, {sup 14}C is rapidly oxidized to CO and then to CO{sub 2}, and is incorporated into the carbon cycle. Due to anthropogenic activities, the amount of {sup 14}C in the atmosphere doubled in the mid/late 1950s and early 1960s from its preindustrial value of {sup 14}C/{sup 12}C ratio of 1.18 x 10{sup -12} [eg., Nydal and Lovseth, 1983]. Following the atmospheric weapons test ban in 1963, the {sup 14}C/{sup 12}C ratio, has decreased due to the net isotopic exchange between the ocean and terrestrial biosphere [eg., Levin and Hessheimer, 2000] and a dilution effect due to the burning of {sup 14}C-free fossil fuel carbon, the 'Suess Effect' [Suess, 1955]. In the carbon cycle literature, radiocarbon measurements are generally reported as {Delta}{sup 14}C, which includes a correction for mass dependent fractionation [Stuiver and Polach, 1977]. In the context of carbon cycle studies radiocarbon measurements can be used to determine the 'age' and rate of change of carbon stocks or as a biogeochemical tracer to elucidate processes and pathways. It is this dual nature that can be exploited across scales in space (individual plant, plot or research site, ecosystem, regional, and global) and time (days to millennia). For example, across regional scales, {Delta}{sup 14}C measurements of atmosphere CO{sub 2} can be used to attribute carbon dioxide to sources (e.g., respiration vs. fossil fuel emissions) or sinks ( e.g,. photosynthesis), which cannot be readily inferred from concentration, net flux measurements, or {delta}{sup 13}CO{sub 2} [eg. Graven et al., 2009; Levin and Hessheimer, 2000; Turnbull et al., 2007]. At smaller scales, similar analyses can be used to elucidate the source, and 'age' of the below ground component undergoing heterotrophic respiration. Net (biome or ecosystem) uptake of carbon is the difference of two large fluxes: photosynthesis and respiration. Carbon fixation by photosynthesis is, to a large extent, a single process with theoretical underpinnings. On the other-hand, net ecosystem or biome respiration integrates microbial (heterotrophic) and plant (autotrophic) respiration. Eddy covariance methods can be used to estimate bulk CO{sub 2} fluxes but they cannot discriminate the process nor the source of the respired CO{sub 2}. It is these processes that are parameterized in predictive models and contribute to the uncertainty in the climate forcing effect of the carbon cycle in the future [Friedlingstein et al., 2006; Heimann and Reichstein, 2008].
Guilderson, T; Mcfarlane, K
Consequences of Considering Carbon�Nitrogen Interactions on the Feedbacks between Climate and the Terrestrial Carbon Cycle
The impact of carbon�nitrogen dynamics in terrestrial ecosystems on the interaction between the carbon cycle and climate is studied using an earth system model of intermediate complexity, the MIT Integrated Global Systems Model (IGSM). Numerical ...
Andrei P. Sokolov; David W. Kicklighter; Jerry M. Melillo; Benjamin S. Felzer; C. Adam Schlosser; Timothy W. Cronin
Reconciling estimates of the contemporary North American carbon balance among terrestrial biosphere models, atmospheric inversions and a new approach for estimating net ecosystem exchange from inventory-based data
While fossil fuel emissions are calculated with relatively high precision, understanding the fate of those emissions with respect to sequestration in terrestrial ecosystems requires data and methods that can reduce uncertainties in the diagnosis of land-based CO2 sinks. The wide range in the land surface flux estimates is related to a number of factors, but most generally because of the different methodologies used to develop estimates of carbon stocks and flux, and the uncertainties inherent in each approach. The alternative approaches to estimating continental scale carbon fluxes that we explored here can be broadly classified as applying a top-down or bottom-up perspective. Top-down approaches calculate land-atmosphere carbon fluxes based on atmospheric budgets and inverse modeling. Bottom-up approaches rely primarily on measurements of carbon stock changes (the inventory approach) or on spatially distributed simulations of carbon stocks and/or fluxes using process-based modeling (the forward modelapproach).
Hayes, D. J.; Turner, D. P.; Stinson, Graham; McGuire, A. David; Wei, Yaxing; West, Tristram O.; Heath, L.; deJong, B.; McConkey, Brian; Birdsey, Richard A.; Kurz, Werner; Jacobson, Andy; Huntzinger, Deborah N.; Pan, Y.; Post, W. M.; Cook, R. B.
Estimating the Seasonal Carbon Source-Sink Geography of a Natural, Steady-State Terrestrial Biosphere
The seasonal dynamics of biospheric-carbon sources and sinks represents a needed input to global atmospheric CO2 studies and models. For the terrestrial biosphere, initial monthly estimates of overall metabolism and net biosphere-atmosphere ...
Elgene O. Box
Terrestrial Carbon Sinks for the United States Predicted from MODIS Satellite Data and Ecosystem Modeling
A simulation model based on satellite observations of monthly vegetation cover from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) was used to estimate monthly carbon fluxes in terrestrial ecosystems of the conterminous United States ...
Christopher Potter; Steven Klooster; Alfredo Huete; Vanessa Genovese
Projected Future Carbon Storage and Greenhouse-Gas Fluxes of Terrestrial
Projected Future Carbon Storage and Greenhouse-Gas Fluxes of Terrestrial Ecosystems in the Western. Sleeter Chapter 9 of Baseline and Projected Future Carbon Storage and Greenhouse-Gas Fluxes in Ecosystems.L., Hawbaker, T.J., and Sleeter, B.M., 2012, Projected future carbon storage and greenhouse gas fluxes
Fleskes, Joe
The significance of the erosion-induced terrestrial carbon sink
potential of soil carbon sequestration to mitigate theof soil movement on carbon sequestration in agriculturalEnhancement of carbon sequestration in US soils. BioScience.
Berhe, A.A.; Harte, J.; Harden, J.W.; Torn, M.S.
Terrestrial Carbon Sequestration - Science for Enhancement and Implementation
It is time to re-evaluate all available options that might not be permanent yet have the potential to buy time, bridging to a future when new energy system technologies and a transformed energy infrastructure can fully address the climate challenge. Terrestrial sequestration is one option large enough to make a contribution in the coming decades using proven land management methods and with the possibility that new technologies could significantly enhance the opportunity. Here we review progress on key scientific, economic, and social issues; postulate the extent to which new technologies might significantly enhance terrestrial sequestration potential; and address remaining research needs.
Post, Wilfred M [ORNL; Amonette, James [Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL); Birdsey, Richard A. [U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service; Garten Jr, Charles T [ORNL; Graham, Robin Lambert [ORNL; Izaurralde, Dr. R. Cesar [Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL); Jardine, Philip M [ORNL; Jastrow, Julie D [ORNL; Lal, Dr. Rattan [Ohio State University; Marland, Gregg [ORNL; McCarl, Bruce [Texas A& M University; Thomson, Dr. Allison [Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL); West, Tristram O. [ORNL; Wullschleger, Stan D [ORNL; Metting, F. Blaine [Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL)
Carbon Sequestration in Terrestrial Ecosystems: A Status Report on R&D Progress
Terrestrial Ecosystems: Terrestrial Ecosystems: A Status Report on R&D Progress Gary K. Jacobs (email@example.com, 865-576-0567) Oak Ridge National Laboratory PO Box 2008, MS-6035 Oak Ridge, TN 37831 Roger C. Dahlman (firstname.lastname@example.com, 301-903-4951) Office of Science/Biological and Environmental Research U. S. Department of Energy 19901 Germantown Road Germantown, MD 20874-1290 F. Blaine Metting, Jr. (email@example.com, 509-375-2607) Pacific Northwest National Laboratory 902 Battelle Blvd. PO Box 999, P7-54 Richland, WA 99352 Introduction Sequestration of carbon in terrestrial ecosystems is a low-cost option that may be available in the near-term to mitigate increasing atmospheric CO 2 concentrations, while providing additional benefits. Storing carbon in terrestrial ecosystems can be achieved through maintenance of
Measuring Logging Impacts on Forest Carbon Stocks Using Ground and Aerial-based Methods
The research conducted under this project contributes to EPRI member efforts to identify science-based, cost-effective methods to measure and monitor forest management carbon offsets. Specifically, this project tested the use of aerial photography to monitor forest carbon stock changes that result from logging in Ohio and Bolivia. This report covers all phases of the work under this contract and compares methods used in Ohio and Bolivia. It discusses the applicability of methods to the monitoring of dual...
Terrestrial Carbon Inventory at the Savannah River Site, 1951 � 2001.
A Power Point slide presentation/report on the terestrial carbon inventory at the Savannah River Site.
US Forest Service - Annonymous,
Time Scales of Terrestrial Carbon Response Related to Land-Use Application: Implications for Initializing an Earth System Model
The dynamic vegetation and carbon cycling component, LM3V, of the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) prototype Earth system model (ESM2.1), has been designed to simulate the effects of land use on terrestrial carbon pools, including ...
Lori T. Sentman; Elena Shevliakova; Ronald J. Stouffer; Sergey Malyshev
Assessing net ecosystem carbon exchange of U S terrestrial ecosystems by integrating eddy covariance flux measurements and satellite observations
More accurate projections of future carbon dioxide concentrations in the atmosphere and associated climate change depend on improved scientific understanding of the terrestrial carbon cycle. Despite the consensus that U.S. terrestrial ecosystems provide a carbon sink, the size, distribution, and interannual variability of this sink remain uncertain. Here we report a terrestrial carbon sink in the conterminous U.S. at 0.63 pg C yr 1 with the majority of the sink in regions dominated by evergreen and deciduous forests and savannas. This estimate is based on our continuous estimates of net ecosystem carbon exchange (NEE) with high spatial (1 km) and temporal (8-day) resolutions derived from NEE measurements from eddy covariance flux towers and wall-to-wall satellite observations from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). We find that the U.S. terrestrial ecosystems could offset a maximum of 40% of the fossil-fuel carbon emissions. Our results show that the U.S. terrestrial carbon sink varied between 0.51 and 0.70 pg C yr 1 over the period 2001 2006. The dominant sources of interannual variation of the carbon sink included extreme climate events and disturbances. Droughts in 2002 and 2006 reduced the U.S. carbon sink by 20% relative to a normal year. Disturbances including wildfires and hurricanes reduced carbon uptake or resulted in carbon release at regional scales. Our results provide an alternative, independent, and novel constraint to the U.S. terrestrial carbon sink.
Zhuang, Qianlai [Purdue University; Law, Beverly E. [Oregon State University; Baldocchi, Dennis [University of California, Berkeley; Ma, Siyan [University of California, Berkeley; Chen, Jiquan [University of Toledo, Toledo, OH; Richardson, Andrew [Harvard University; Melillo, Jerry [Marine Biological Laboratory; Davis, Ken J. [Pennsylvania State University; Hollinger, D. [USDA Forest Service; Wharton, Sonia [University of California, Davis; Falk, Matthias [University of California, Davis; Paw, U. Kyaw Tha [University of California, Davis; Oren, Ram [Duke University; Katulk, Gabriel G. [Duke University; Noormets, Asko [North Carolina State University; Fischer, Marc [Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL); Verma, Shashi [University of Nebraska; Suyker, A. E. [University of Nebraska, Lincoln; Cook, David R. [Argonne National Laboratory (ANL); Sun, G. [USDA Forest Service; McNulty, Steven G. [USDA Forest Service; Wofsy, Steve [Harvard University; Bolstad, Paul V [University of Minnesota; Burns, Sean [University of Colorado, Boulder; Monson, Russell K. [University of Colorado, Boulder; Curtis, Peter [Ohio State University, The, Columbus; Drake, Bert G. [Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Edgewater, MD; Foster, David R. [Harvard University; Gu, Lianhong [ORNL; Hadley, Julian L. [Harvard University; Litvak, Marcy [University of New Mexico, Albuquerque; Martin, Timothy A. [University of Florida, Gainesville; Matamala, Roser [Argonne National Laboratory (ANL); Meyers, Tilden [NOAA, Oak Ridge, TN; Oechel, Walter C. [San Diego State University; Schmid, H. P. [Indiana University; Scott, Russell L. [USDA ARS; Torn, Margaret S. [Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL)
Carbon Sequestration in Terrestrial Ecosystems: A Status Report on R and D Progress
DOE Green Energy (OSTI)
Sequestration of carbon in terrestrial ecosystems is a low-cost option that may be available in the near-term to mitigate increasing atmospheric CO{sub 2} concentrations, while providing additional benefits. Storing carbon in terrestrial ecosystems can be achieved through maintenance of standing aboveground biomass, utilization of aboveground biomass in long-lived products, or protection of carbon (organic and inorganic) compounds present in soils. There are potential co-benefits from efforts to sequester carbon in terrestrial ecosystems. For example, long-lived valuable products (wood) are produced, erosion would be reduced, soil productivity could be improved through increased capacity to retain water and nutrients, and marginal lands could be improved and riparian ecosystems restored. Another unique feature of the terrestrial sequestration option is that it is the only option that is ''reversible'' should it become desirable or permissible. For example, forests that are created are thus investments which could be harvested should CO{sub 2} emissions be reduced in other ways to acceptable levels 50-100 years from now.
Jacobs, G.K.
Genetic and Molecular Controls on Carbon Sequestration - Implications for Terrestrial Ecosystems
and Molecular Controls on Carbon Sequestration - Implications and Molecular Controls on Carbon Sequestration - Implications for Terrestrial Ecosystems G.A. Tuskan (email@example.com; 865-576-8141) S.D. Wullschleger (firstname.lastname@example.com; 865-574-7839) A.W. King (email@example.com; 865-576-3436) T.J. Tschaplinski (firstname.lastname@example.com; 865-574-4597) L.E. Gunter (email@example.com; 865-574-4020) A.M. Silletti (firstname.lastname@example.com; 865-574-5397) Environmental Sciences Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6422 M. Davis (email@example.com; 303-384-6140) National Renewable Energy Laboratory 1617 Cole Blvd. Golden, CO 80401-3322 Introduction Carbon sequestration in terrestrial vegetation and soils is a poorly understood process, but ultimately represents a summation of biological activities including the initial incorporation of
Evaluation of Biases in JRA-25/JCDAS Precipitation and Their Impact on the Global Terrestrial Carbon Balance
This study evaluates a modeled precipitation field and examines how its bias affects the modeling of the regional and global terrestrial carbon cycle. Spatial and temporal variations in precipitation produced by the Japanese 25-yr reanalysis (JRA-...
Makoto Saito; Akihiko Ito; Shamil Maksyutov
CALMIT Remote-Sensing Research Relating to Carbon Sequestration There is considerable interest in assessing the magnitude of carbon sources and sinks in terrestrial
CALMIT Remote-Sensing Research Relating to Carbon Sequestration There is considerable interest in assessing the magnitude of carbon sources and sinks in terrestrial ecosystems using remote sensing techniques. We developed a novel technique to remotely assess carbon dioxide exchange in maize using
Nebraska-Lincoln, University of
Studies of the terrestrial O{sub 2} and carbon cycles in sand dune gases and in biosphere 2
Molecular oxygen in the atmosphere is coupled tightly to the terrestrial carbon cycle by the processes of photosynthesis, respiration, and burning. This dissertation examines different aspects of this coupling in four chapters. Chapter 1 explores the feasibility of using air from sand dunes to reconstruct atmospheric O{sub 2} composition centuries ago. Such a record would reveal changes in the mass of the terrestrial biosphere, after correction for known fossil fuel combustion, and constrain the fate of anthropogenic CO{sub 2}.
Severinghaus, J.P.
BSCSP Terrestrial Factsheet 2009
Big Sky Carbon Sequestration Partnership - Terrestrial Sequestration 1 FACTSHEET FOR PARTNERSHIP FIELD VALIDATION TEST Partnership Name Big Sky Carbon Sequestration Partnership...
Water-Use Efficiency of the Terrestrial Biosphere: A Model Analysis Focusing on Interactions between the Global Carbon and Water Cycles
Carbon and water cycles are intimately coupled in terrestrial ecosystems, and water-use efficiency (WUE; carbon gain at the expense of unit water loss) is one of the key parameters of ecohydrology and ecosystem management. In this study, the ...
Akihiko Ito; Motoko Inatomi
Grid-BGC: A Grid-Enabled Terrestrial Carbon Cycle Modeling System, Euro-Par 2005
Abstract. Grid-BGC is a Grid-enabled terrestrial biogeochemical cycle simulator collaboratively developed by the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) and the University of Colorado (CU) with funding from NASA. The primary objective of the project is to utilize Globus Grid technology to integrate inexpensive commodity cluster computational resources at CU with the mass storage system at NCAR while hiding the logistics of data transfer and job submission from the scientists. We describe a typical process for simulating the terrestrial carbon cycle, present our solution architecture and software design, and describe our implementation experiences with Grid technology on our systems. By design the Grid-BGC software framework is extensible in that it can utilize other grid-accessible computational resources and can be readily applied to other climate simulation problems which have similar workflows. Overall, this project demonstrates an end-to-end system which leverages Grid technologies to harness distributed resources across organizational boundaries to achieve a cost-effective solution to a computeintensive problem. 1
Jason Cope; Craig Hartsough; Peter Thornton; Henry M. Tufo; Nathan Wilhelmi; Matthew Woitaszek
A global analysis of soil microbial biomass carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus in terrestrial ecosystems
Soil microbes play a pivotal role in regulating land-atmosphere interactions; the soil microbial biomass carbon (C), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and C:N:P stoichiometry are important regulators for soil biogeochemical processes; however, the current knowledge on magnitude, stoichiometry, storage, and spatial distribution of global soil microbial biomass C, N, and P is limited. In this study, 3087 pairs of data points were retrieved from 281 published papers and further used to summarize the magnitudes and stoichiometries of C, N, and P in soils and soil microbial biomass at global- and biome-levels. Finally, global stock and spatial distribution of microbial biomass C and N in 0-30 cm and 0-100 cm soil profiles were estimated. The results show that C, N, and P in soils and soil microbial biomass vary substantially across biomes; the fractions of soil nutrient C, N, and P in soil microbial biomass are 1.6% in a 95% confidence interval of (1.5%-1.6%), 2.9% in a 95% confidence interval of (2.8%-3.0%), and 4.4% in a 95% confidence interval of (3.9%-5.0%), respectively. The best estimates of C:N:P stoichiometries for soil nutrients and soil microbial biomass are 153:11:1, and 47:6:1, respectively, at global scale, and they vary in a wide range among biomes. Vertical distribution of soil microbial biomass follows the distribution of roots up to 1 m depth. The global stock of soil microbial biomass C and N were estimated to be 15.2 Pg C and 2.3 Pg N in the 0-30 cm soil profiles, and 21.2 Pg C and 3.2 Pg N in the 0-100 cm soil profiles. We did not estimate P in soil microbial biomass due to data shortage and insignificant correlation with soil total P and climate variables. The spatial patterns of soil microbial biomass C and N were consistent with those of soil organic C and total N, i.e. high density in northern high latitude, and low density in low latitudes and southern hemisphere.
Xu, Xiaofeng [ORNL; Thornton, Peter E [ORNL; Post, Wilfred M [ORNL
A Study of the Abundance and 13C/12C Ratio of Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide to Advance the Scientific Understanding of Terrestrial Processes Regulating the Global Carbon Cycle
The primary goal of our research program, consistent with the goals of the U.S. Climate Change Science Program and funded by the terrestrial carbon processes (TCP) program of DOE, has been to improve understanding of changes in the distribution and cycling of carbon among the active land, ocean and atmosphere reservoirs, with particular emphasis on terrestrial ecosystems. Our approach is to systematically measure atmospheric CO2 to produce time series data essential to reveal temporal and spatial patterns. Additional measurements of the 13C/12C isotopic ratio of CO2 provide a basis for distinguishing organic and inorganic processes. To pursue the significance of these patterns further, our research also involved interpretations of the observations by models, measurements of inorganic carbon in sea water, and of CO2 in air near growing land plants.
Stephen C. Piper
Recent Climate-Driven Increases in Vegetation Productivity for the Western Arctic: Evidence of an Acceleration of the Northern Terrestrial Carbon Cycle
Northern ecosystems contain much of the global reservoir of terrestrial carbon that is potentially reactive in the context of near-term climate change. Annual variability and recent trends in vegetation productivity across Alaska and northwest ...
J. S. Kimball; M. Zhao; A. D. McGuire; F. A. Heinsch; J. Clein; M. Calef; W. M. Jolly; S. Kang; S. E. Euskirchen; K. C. McDonald; S. W. Running
Grid-BGC: a grid-enabled terrestrial carbon cycle modeling system
Grid-BGC is a Grid-enabled terrestrial biogeochemical cycle simulator collaboratively developed by the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) and the University of Colorado (CU) with funding from NASA. The primary objective of the project is ...
Jason Cope; Craig Hartsough; Peter Thornton; Henry Tufo; Nathan Wilhelmi; Matthew Woitaszek
Disturbance and climate effects on carbon stocks and fluxes across western
We used a spatially nested hierarchy of field and remote-sensing observations and a process model, Biome-BGC, to produce a carbon budget for the forested region of Oregon, and to determine the relative influence of differences in climate and disturbance
B. E. Law; D. Turner; J. Campbell; O. J. Sun; S. Van Tuyl; W. D. Ritts; W. B. Cohenw
Variability in Terrestrial Carbon Sinks over Two Decades. Part III: South America, Africa, and Asia
Seventeen years (1982�98) of net carbon flux predictions for Southern Hemisphere continents have been analyzed, based on a simulation model using satellite observations of monthly vegetation cover. The NASA Carnegie Ames Stanford Approach (CASA) ...
C. Potter; S. Klooster; P. Tan; M. Steinbach; V. Kumar; V. Genovese
Terrestrial carbon cycle - climate relations in eight CMIP5 earth system models
Eight Earth System Models from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) are evaluated, focusing on both the net carbon dioxide flux and its components, and their relation with climatic variables (temperature, precipitation and soil ...
Pu Shao; Xubin Zeng; Koichi Sakaguchi; Russell K. Monson; Xiaodong Zeng
Variability in Terrestrial Carbon Sinks over Two Decades. Part I: North America
Seventeen years (1982�98) of net carbon flux predictions from a simulation model based on satellite observations of monthly vegetation cover have been analyzed. The NASA�CASA model was driven by vegetation cover properties derived from the ...
The terrestrial carbon inventory on the Savannah River Site: Assessing the change in Carbon pools 1951-2001.
The Savannah River Site (SRS) has changed from an agricultural-woodland landscape in 1951 to a forested landscape during that latter half of the twentieth century. The corresponding change in carbon (C) pools associated land use on the SRS was estimated using comprehensive inventories from 1951 and 2001 in conjunction with operational forest management and monitoring data from the site.
Dai, Zhaohua; Trettin, Carl, C.; Parresol, Bernard, R.
Terrestrial Sequestration Program
TerresTrial sequesTraTion Program TerresTrial sequesTraTion Program Capture and Storage of Carbon in Terrestrial Ecosystems Background Clean, affordable energy is essential for U.S. prosperity and security in the 21st century. More than half of the electricity currently generated in the United States comes from coal-fired boilers, and there is little indication that this percentage will diminish through 2020 and beyond. In addition, the use of coal for electricity generation is projected to more than double in developing nations by 2020. This ever growing demand for fossil-fuel-based power and the consequential rise in atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) concentrations requires innovative methods to capture and store CO 2 . Terrestrial ecosystems, which include both soil and vegetation, are widely recognized
Carbon Supply From Changes in Management of Forest, Range, and Agricultural Lands of California
EPRI has teamed with the California Energy Commission to study the potential of terrestrial carbon sequestration market opportunities in California. The three reports in this series cover 1) the baseline of changes in carbon stocks on forest, range, and agricultural lands in California for the decade of the 1990s (1011586); 2) the quantity and cost of carbon storage opportunities for forests, rangelands, and agricultural lands in California (1005465); and 3) the relative biomass carbon storage potential ...
Final Report on "Rising CO2 and Long-term Carbon Storage in Terrestrial Ecosystems: An Empirical Carbon Budget Validation"
The primary goal of this report is to report the results of Grant DE-FG02-97ER62458, which began in 1997 as Grant DOE-98-59-MP-4 funded through the TECO program. However, this project has a longer history because DOE also funded this study from its inception in 1985 through 1997. The original grant was focused on plant responses to elevated CO2 in an intact ecosystem, while the latter grant was focused on belowground responses. Here we summarize the major findings across the 25 years this study has operated, and note that the experiment will continue to run through 2020 with NSF support. The major conclusions of the study to date are: (1 Elevated CO2 stimulated plant productivity in the C3 plant community by ~30% during the 25 year study. The magnitude of the increase in productivity varied interannually and was sometime absent altogether. There is some evidence of down-regulation at the ecosystem level across the 25 year record that may be due to interactions with other factors such as sea-level rise or long-term changes in N supply; (2) Elevated CO2 stimulated C4 productivity by <10%, perhaps due to more efficient water use, but C3 plants at elevated CO2 did not displace C4 plants as predicted; (3) Increased primary production caused a general stimulation of microbial processes, but there were both increases and decreases in activity depending on the specific organisms considered. An increase in methanogenesis and methane emissions implies elevated CO2 may amplify radiative forcing in the case of wetland ecosystems; (4) Elevated CO2 stimulated soil carbon sequestration in the form of an increase in elevation. The increase in elevation is 50-100% of the increase in net ecosystem production caused by elevated CO2 (still under analysis). The increase in soil elevation suggests the elevated CO2 may have a positive outcome for the ability of coastal wetlands to persist despite accelerated sea level rise; (5) Crossing elevated CO2 with elevated N causes the elevated CO2 effect to diminish, with consequences for change in soil elevation.
J. Patrick Megonigal; Bert G. Drake
The primary goal of this report is to report the results of Grant DE-FG02-97ER62458, which began in 1997 as Grant DOE-98-59-MP-4 funded through the TECO program. However, this project has a longer history because DOE also funded this study from its inception in 1985 through 1997. The original grant was focused on plant responses to elevated CO2 in an intact ecosystem, while the latter grant was focused on belowground responses. Here we summarize the major findings across the 25 years this study has operated, and note that the experiment will continue to run through 2020 with NSF support. The major conclusions of the study to date are: (1 Elevated CO2 stimulated plant productivity in the C3 plant community by ~30% during the 25 year study. The magnitude of the increase in productivity varied interannually and was sometime absent altogether. There is some evidence of down-regulation at the ecosystem level across the 25 year record that may be due to interactions with other factors such as sea-level rise or long-term changes in N supply; (2) Elevated CO2 stimulated C4 productivity by CO2 did not displace C4 plants as predicted; (3) Increased primary production caused a general stimulation of microbial processes, but there were both increases and decreases in activity depending on the specific organisms considered. An increase in methanogenesis and methane emissions implies elevated CO2 may amplify radiative forcing in the case of wetland ecosystems; (4) Elevated CO2 stimulated soil carbon sequestration in the form of an increase in elevation. The increase in elevation is 50-100% of the increase in net ecosystem production caused by elevated CO2 (still under analysis). The increase in soil elevation suggests the elevated CO2 may have a positive outcome for the ability of coastal wetlands to persist despite accelerated sea level rise; (5) Crossing elevated CO2 with elevated N causes the elevated CO2 effect to diminish, with consequences for change in soil elevation.
Study of the Role of Terrestrial Processes in the Carbon Cycle Based on Measurements of the Abundance and Isotopic Composition of Atmospheric CO2
The main objective of this project was to continue research to develop carbon cycle relationships related to the land biosphere based on remote measurements of atmospheric CO2 concentration and its isotopic ratios 13C/12C, 18O/16O, and 14C/12C. The project continued time-series observations of atmospheric carbon dioxide and isotopic composition begun by Charles D. Keeling at remote sites, including Mauna Loa, the South Pole, and eight other sites. Using models of varying complexity, the concentration and isotopic measurements were used to study long-term change in the interhemispheric gradients in CO2 and 13C/12C to assess the magnitude and evolution of the northern terrestrial carbon sink, to study the increase in amplitude of the seasonal cycle of CO2, to use isotopic data to refine constraints on large scale changes in isotopic fractionation which may be related to changes in stomatal conductance, and to motivate improvements in terrestrial carbon cycle models. The original proposal called for a continuation of the new time series of 14C measurements but subsequent descoping to meet budgetary constraints required termination of measurements in 2007.
Stephen C. Piper; Ralph F. Keeling
Measuring and Monitoring Plans for Baseline Development and Estimation of Carbon Benefits for Change in Forest Management in Two Reg ions: Changing from Clearcut to Group Selection Harvests
Description, calibration and sensitivity analysis of the local ecosystem submodel of a global model of carbon and nitrogen cycling and the water balance in the terrestrial biosphere
We have developed a geographically-distributed ecosystem model for the carbon, nitrogen, and water dynamics of the terrestrial biosphere TERRA. The local ecosystem model of TERRA consists of coupled, modified versions of TEM and DAYTRANS. The ecosystem model in each grid cell calculates water fluxes of evaporation, transpiration, and runoff; carbon fluxes of gross primary productivity, litterfall, and plant and soil respiration; and nitrogen fluxes of vegetation uptake, litterfall, mineralization, immobilization, and system loss. The state variables are soil water content; carbon in live vegetation; carbon in soil; nitrogen in live vegetation; organic nitrogen in soil and fitter; available inorganic nitrogen aggregating nitrites, nitrates, and ammonia; and a variable for allocation. Carbon and nitrogen dynamics are calibrated to specific sites in 17 vegetation types. Eight parameters are determined during calibration for each of the 17 vegetation types. At calibration, the annual average values of carbon in vegetation C, show site differences that derive from the vegetation-type specific parameters and intersite variation in climate and soils. From calibration, we recover the average C{sub v} of forests, woodlands, savannas, grasslands, shrublands, and tundra that were used to develop the model initially. The timing of the phases of the annual variation is driven by temperature and light in the high latitude and moist temperate zones. The dry temperate zones are driven by temperature, precipitation, and light. In the tropics, precipitation is the key variable in annual variation. The seasonal responses are even more clearly demonstrated in net primary production and show the same controlling factors.
Kercher, J.R. [Lawrence Livermore National Lab., CA (United States)] [Lawrence Livermore National Lab., CA (United States); Chambers, J.Q. [Lawrence Livermore National Lab., CA (United States)] [Lawrence Livermore National Lab., CA (United States); [California Univ., Santa Barbara, CA (United States). Dept. of Biological Sciences
FACTSHEET FOR PARTNERSHIP FIELD VALIDATION TEST FACTSHEET FOR PARTNERSHIP FIELD VALIDATION TEST Partnership Name Southwest Regional Partnership on Carbon Sequestration Contacts: DOE/NETL Project Mgr. Name Organization E-Mail William O'Dowd NETL email@example.com Principal Investigator Reid Grigg / Brian McPherson NMT firstname.lastname@example.com / email@example.com Field Test Information: Field Test Name Terrestrial Sequestration Programs - Regional Terrestrial and Local Terrestrial Sequestration (Combined With Enhanced Coalbed Methane Sequestration) Test Location Entire Region (Regional Program); San Juan Basin (Local Pilot Test) Amount and Source of CO 2
Fuel Ethanol Total Stocks Stocks by Type
U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA)
Stock Type: Download Series History: Definitions, Sources & Notes: Show Data By: Product: Stock Type: Area: Feb-13 Mar-13 Apr-13 May-13 Jun-13 Jul-13 View History; U ...
Land use, soil management, and cropping systems affect stock, distribution, and residence time of soil organic carbon (SOC). Therefore, SOC stock and its depth distribution and association with primary and secondary particles were assessed in long-term experiments at the North Appalachian Experimental Watersheds near Coshocton, Ohio, through *13C techniques. These measurements were made for five land use and soil management treatments: (1) secondary forest, (2) meadow converted from no-till (NT) corn since 1988, (3) continuous NT corn since 1970, (4) continuous NT corn-soybean in rotation with ryegrass since 1984, and (5) conventional plow till (PT) corn since 1984. Soil samples to 70-cm depth were obtained in 2002 in all treatments. Significant differences in soil properties were observed among land use treatments for 0 to 5-cm depth. The SOC concentration (g C kg*1 of soil) in the 0 to 5-cm layer was 44.0 in forest, 24.0 in meadow, 26.1 in NT corn, 19.5 in NT corn-soybean, and 11.1 i n PT corn. The fraction of total C in corn residue converted to SOC was 11.9% for NT corn, 10.6% for NT corn-soybean, and 8.3% for PT corn. The proportion of SOC derived from corn residue was 96% for NT corn in the 0 to 5-cm layer, and it decreased gradually with depth and was 50% in PT corn. The mean SOC sequestration rate on conversion from PT to NT was 280 kg C ha*1 y*1. The SOC concentration decreased with reduction in aggregate size, and macro-aggregates contained 15 to 35% more SOC concentration than microaggregates. In comparison with forest, the magnitude of SOC depletion in the 0 to 30-cm layer was 15.5 Mg C/ha (24.0%) in meadow, 12.7 Mg C/ha (19.8%) in NT corn, 17.3 Mg C/ha (26.8%) in NT corn-soybean, and 23.3 Mg C/ha (35.1%) in PT corn. The SOC had a long turnover time when located deeper in the subsoil.
Puget, P; Lal, Rattan; Izaurralde, R Cesar C.; Post, M; Owens, Lloyd
Baldrige Stock Studies
Baldrige Stock Studies. From 1994 through 2004, the Baldrige Performance Excellence Program conducted studies around ...
Second NIST Stock Investment Study "Quality Stocks" Yield ...
... Study Finds "Quality Stocks" Yield Big Payoff Second NIST Stock Investment Study February 1996 A second NIST stock investment study (the first ...
Crude Oil Total Stocks Stocks by Type
-No Data Reported; --= Not Applicable; NA = Not Available; W = Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. Notes: Crude oil stocks in the ...
Lubricants Total Stocks Stocks by Type
Challenges for improving estimates of soil organic carbon stored in
Challenges for improving estimates of soil organic carbon stored in Challenges for improving estimates of soil organic carbon stored in permafrost regions September 30, 2013 Tweet EmailPrint One of the greatest environmental challenges of the 21st century lies in predicting the impacts of anthropogenic activities on Earth's carbon cycle. Soil is a significant component of the carbon cycle, because it contains at least two-thirds of the world's terrestrial carbon and more than twice as much carbon as the atmosphere. Although soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks were built over millennial time scales, they are susceptible to a far more rapid release back to the atmosphere due to climatic and land use change. If environmental perturbations negatively impact the processes regulating the storage of SOC, significant amounts of this carbon could be decomposed
cutting stock problem
NIST. cutting stock problem. (classic problem). Definition: Find the best arrangement of shapes on rectangles to minimize ...
Terrestrial Ecology | Biosciences Division
Terrestrial Ecology BIO Home Page About BIO News Releases Research Publications People Contact Us Organization Chart Site Index Inside BIO BIO Safety About Argonne Terrestrial...
Terrestrial ecosystems and climatic change
The structure and function of terrestrial ecosystems depend on climate, and in turn, ecosystems influence atmospheric composition and climate. A comprehensive, global model of terrestrial ecosystem dynamics is needed. A hierarchical approach appears advisable given currently available concepts, data, and formalisms. The organization of models can be based on the temporal scales involved. A rapidly responding model describes the processes associated with photosynthesis, including carbon, moisture, and heat exchange with the atmosphere. An intermediate model handles subannual variations that are closely associated with allocation and seasonal changes in productivity and decomposition. A slow response model describes plant growth and succession with associated element cycling over decades and centuries. These three levels of terrestrial models are linked through common specifications of environmental conditions and constrain each other. 58 refs.
Emanuel, W.R. (Oak Ridge National Lab., TN (USA)); Schimel, D.S. (Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins, CO (USA). Natural Resources Ecology Lab.)
Information flow between composite stock index and individual stocks
We investigate the strength and the direction of information transfer in the U.S. stock market between the composite stock price index of stock market and prices of individual stocks using the transfer entropy. Through the directionality of the information transfer, we find that individual stocks are influenced by the index of the market.
Kwon, Okyu
Stocks by Type
Stocks of Fuel Ethanol
-No Data Reported; --= Not Applicable; NA = Not Available; W = Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. Notes: Stocks include those ...
EIA - AEO2010 - Accounting for carbon dioxide emissions from biomass energy
Gasoline and Diesel Fuel Update (EIA)
Accounting for carbon diioxide emissions from biomass energy combustion Accounting for carbon diioxide emissions from biomass energy combustion Annual Energy Outlook 2010 with Projections to 2035 Accounting for carbon dioxide emissions from biomass energy combustion CO2 emissions from the combustion of biomass [75] to produce energy are excluded from the energy-related CO2 emissions reported in AEO2010. According to current international convention [76], carbon released through biomass combustion is excluded from reported energy-related emissions. The release of carbon from biomass combustion is assumed to be balanced by the uptake of carbon when the feedstock is grown, resulting in zero net emissions over some period of time [77]. However, analysts have debated whether increased use of biomass energy may result in a decline in terrestrial carbon stocks, leading to a net positive release of carbon rather than the zero net release assumed by its exclusion from reported energy-related emissions.
Stocks of Propane/Propylene
Stocks held at natural gas processing plants are included in "Other Oils" and in totals. All stock levels are as of the end of the period.
stocked inventory.PDF
08 08 AUDIT REPORT STOCKED INVENTORY AT THE SAVANNAH RIVER SITE U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF INSPECTOR GENERAL OFFICE OF AUDIT SERVICES JUNE 2001 MEMORANDUM FOR THE SECRETARY FROM: Gregory H. Friedman (Signed) Inspector General SUBJECT: INFORMATION: Audit Report on "Stocked Inventory at the Savannah River Site" BACKGROUND The Department of Energy's (Department) management and operating contractor at the Savannah River Site, Westinghouse Savannah River Company (Westinghouse), is responsible for managing the majority of the Department's missions and associated stocked inventory at the site. As of March 2001, Westinghouse maintained about
Japanese coastal fishery stocks.
In United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), it was enshrined that "States shall take measures which are designed, on the best scientific evidence available to the States concerned, to maintain or restore populations of harvested species at levels which can produce the maximum sustainable yield (MSY)". However considering the current status of scientific knowledge for the fishery target species in Japan, it is practical that MSY can be defined as the optimal yield under the proper fishery stock management (Japanese Fishery Agency 2012). In Japan, the allowable biological catch (ABC) is estimated for important coastal fishery stocks. The threshold level of stock (Blimit: the minimum stock biomass to ensure an appropriate amount of recruitment) is defined and if the biomass is above Blimit, ABC is calculated based on various reference points which ensure sustainable yields. If the biomass is below Blimit, tighter ABC is set to recover the stock. If the stock biomass is extremely low (below Bban), fishing moratorium or similar measure will be recommended.
Minoru Kanaiwa; Minoru Kanaiwa
Distillate Stocks Expected
4 4 Notes: So let's get to what you want to know. What do we expect this upcoming winter? When EIA's demand forecast is combined with its outlook for production and net imports, distillate stocks are projected to remain towards the lower end of the normal range. We are forecasting about an 11 million barrel build between the end of July 2001 and the end of November 2001, slightly more than the average over the past 5 years (10 million barrels), but less than the average of the last 10 years (15 ½ million barrels). If, however, economic incentives are high enough, distillate stocks could build more, resulting in a higher distillate stock level heading into the winter. Of course, the reverse is true as well, if for example, the distillate fuel refining spread declines substantially. Since 1994,
PAD District III Stocks
4 4 Notes: PADD 3 (the Gulf Coast) inventories, at the end of July, stood at 33.5 million barrels and are well above the normal range for this time of year. Since we have a few months more to go until the beginning of the heating season, there is still time for the plentiful stocks in the Gulf Coast to find their way up into the Midwest. Thus, even though propane stocks in the Midwest are low, this could easily not be the case by the beginning of the heating season. One slight area of concern, however, is that the Texas Eastern Pipeline (TET) is experiencing brine problems due to heavy rains and record stock builds. To help alleviate the problem, some chemical companies are shifting their propane out of TET to other storage facilities. At this time we don't feel that this will negatively affect the propane market this
Propane/Propylene Total Stocks Stocks by Type
Stock Type: Download Series History: Definitions, Sources & Notes: Show Data By: Product: Stock Type: Area: Jan-13 Feb-13 Mar-13 Apr-13 May-13 Jun-13 View History; U ...
Naphtha for Petrochemical Feedstock Use Total Stocks Stocks by Type
Asphalt and Road Oil Total Stocks Stocks by Type
Crude Oil and Petroleum Products Total Stocks Stocks by Type
Stock Type: Download Series History: Definitions, Sources & Notes: Show Data By: Product: Stock Type: Area: 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 View History; U.S. 1,665,345 ...
Baseline Carbon Storage, Carbon Sequestration, and Greenhouse-Gas
Baseline Carbon Storage, Carbon Sequestration, and Greenhouse-Gas Fluxes in Terrestrial Ecosystems, and Benjamin M. Sleeter Chapter 5 of Baseline and Projected Future Carbon Storage and Greenhouse-Gas Fluxes, carbon sequestration, and greenhouse-gas fluxes in terrestrial ecosystems of the Western United States
Accounting for Carbon Dioxide Emissions from Biomass Energy Combustion (released in AEO2010)
Reports and Publications (EIA)
CO2 emissions from the combustion of biomass [75] to produce energy are excluded from the energy-related CO2 emissions reported in AEO2010. According to current international convention, carbon released through biomass combustion is excluded from reported energy-related emissions. The release of carbon from biomass combustion is assumed to be balanced by the uptake of carbon when the feedstock is grown, resulting in zero net emissions over some period of time]. However, analysts have debated whether increased use of biomass energy may result in a decline in terrestrial carbon stocks, leading to a net positive release of carbon rather than the zero net release assumed by its exclusion from reported energy-related emissions.
Information Center
Results of Baldrige Winners' Common Stock Comparison ...
... Results of Baldrige Winners' Common Stock Comparison Third NIST Stock Investment Study February 1997 Methodology: A hypothetical sum was ...
The Effect of Terrestrial Photosynthesis Down Regulation on the Twentieth-Century Carbon Budget Simulated with the CCCma Earth System Model
The simulation of atmospheric�land�ocean CO2 exchange for the 1850�2000 period offers the possibility of testing and calibrating the carbon budget in earth system models by comparing the simulated changes in atmospheric CO2 concentration and in ...
V. K. Arora; G. J. Boer; J. R. Christian; C. L. Curry; K. L. Denman; K. Zahariev; G. M. Flato; J. F. Scinocca; W. J. Merryfield; W. G. Lee
Carbon Balance and Management BioMed Central
Climatic regions as an indicator of forest coarse and fine woody debris carbon stocks in the United States
Christopher W Woodall; Greg C Liknes; Christopher W Woodall; Greg C Liknes
We develop an approach for estimating net ecosystem exchange (NEE) using inventory-based information over North America (NA) for a recent 7-year period (ca. 2000 2006). The approach notably retains information on the spatial distribution of NEE, or the vertical exchange between land and atmosphere of all non-fossil fuel sources and sinks of CO2, while accounting for lateral transfers of forest and crop products as well as their eventual emissions. The total NEE estimate of a 327 252 TgC yr1 sink for NA was driven primarily by CO2 uptake in the Forest Lands sector (248 TgC yr1), largely in the Northwest and Southeast regions of the US, and in the Crop Lands sector (297 TgC yr1), predominantly in the Midwest US states. These sinks are counteracted by the carbon source estimated for the Other Lands sector (+218 TgC yr1), where much of the forest and crop products are assumed to be returned to the atmosphere (through livestock and human consumption). The ecosystems of Mexico are estimated tobe a small net source (+18 TgC yr1) due to land use change between 1993 and 2002. We compare these inventorybased estimates with results from a suite of terrestrial biosphere and atmospheric inversion models, where the mean continental-scale NEE estimate for each ensemble is 511 TgC yr1 and 931 TgC yr1, respectively. In the modeling approaches, all sectors, including Other Lands, were generally estimated to be a carbon sink, driven in part by assumed CO2 fertilization and/or lack of consideration of carbon sources from disturbances and product emissions. Additional fluxes not measured by the inventories, although highly uncertain, could add an additional 239 TgC yr1 to the inventory-based NA sink estimate, thus suggesting some convergence with the modeling approaches.
Hayes, Daniel J [ORNL; Turner, David P [Oregon State University, Corvallis; Stinson, Graham [Pacific Forestry Centre, Canadian Forest Service; Mcguire, David [University of Alaska; Wei, Yaxing [ORNL; West, Tristram O. [Joint Global Change Research Institute, PNNL; Heath, Linda S. [USDA Forest Service; De Jong, Bernardus [ECOSUR; McConkey, Brian G. [Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada; Birdsey, Richard A. [U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service; Kurz, Werner [Canadian Forest Service; Jacobson, Andrew [NOAA ESRL and CIRES; Huntzinger, Deborah [University of Michigan; Pan, Yude [U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service; Post, Wilfred M [ORNL; Cook, Robert B [ORNL
Motor Gasoline Blending Components Total Stocks Stocks by Type
Ethane/Ethylene Total Stocks Stocks by Type
Reformulated GTAB Gasoline Blending Components Total Stocks Stocks ...
Unfinished Oils - Naphthas and Lighter Total Stocks Stocks by Type
Unfinished Oils - Heavy Gas Oils Total Stocks Stocks by Type
Residual Fuel Oil Total Stocks Stocks by Type
Normal Butane/Butylene Total Stocks Stocks by Type
Coreless Terrestrial Exoplanets
Differentiation in terrestrial planets is expected to include the formation of a metallic iron core. We predict the existence of terrestrial planets that have differentiated but have no metallic core--planets that are effectively a giant silicate mantle. We discuss two paths to forming a coreless terrestrial planet, whereby the oxidation state during planetary accretion and solidification will determine the size or existence of any metallic core. Under this hypothesis, any metallic iron in the bulk accreting material is oxidized by water, binding the iron in the form of iron oxide into the silicate minerals of the planetary mantle. The existence of such silicate planets has consequences for interpreting the compositions and interior density structures of exoplanets based on their mass and radius measurements.
L. Elkins-Tanton; S. Seager
Jim Stock | Department of Energy
Jim Stock Jim Stock About Us Jim Stock - Member - White House Council of Economic Advisers James H. Stock is a member of the Council of Economic Advisers and is responsible for offering the President objective advice on the formulation of economic policy. Stock was previously the Chief Economist for the Council of Economic Advisers. He is on leave from Harvard University where he is the Harold Hitchings Burbank Professor of Political Economy in the Department of Economics, with a dual appointment in the Harvard Kennedy School. Dr. Stock served as Chair of the Harvard Economics Department from 2006 to 2009 and has been a professor at Harvard continuously since 1983, with the exception of a two-year appointment at UC Berkeley from 1990 to 1991. His research focuses on macroeconomic forecasting, monetary policy, and
Lubricants Refinery Stocks by Type
Stocks of Distillate Fuel Oil
Stocks of Total Motor Gasoline
Stocks of Crude Oil, Commercial
Stock Mechanics: a classical approach
New theoretical approaches about forecasting stock markets are proposed. A mathematization of the stock market in terms of arithmetical relations is given, where some simple (non-differential, non-fractal) expressions are also suggested as general stock price formuli in closed forms which are able to generate a variety of possible price movements in time. A kind of mechanics is submitted to cover the price movements in terms of classical concepts. Where utilizing stock mechanics to grow the portfolios in real markets is also proven.
Tuncay, C
DOE Regional Partnership Successfully Demonstrates Terrestrial CO2 Storage
Successfully Demonstrates Terrestrial CO2 Successfully Demonstrates Terrestrial CO2 Storage Practices in Great Plains Region of U.S. and Canada DOE Regional Partnership Successfully Demonstrates Terrestrial CO2 Storage Practices in Great Plains Region of U.S. and Canada August 19, 2010 - 1:00pm Addthis Washington, DC - A field test demonstrating the best approaches for terrestrial carbon dioxide (CO2) storage in the heartland of North America has been successfully completed by one of the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) seven Regional Carbon Sequestration Partnerships (RCSPs). The Plains CO2 Reduction (PCOR) Partnership , a collaboration of over 80 U.S. and Canadian stakeholders, conducted the field test at sites in the Prairie Pothole Region, extending from central Iowa into Northern Alberta,
Carbon Cycle
Carbon Cycle Carbon Cycle Latest Global Carbon Budget Estimates Including CDIAC Estimates Terrestrial Carbon Management Data Sets and Analyses Carbon Dioxide Emissions from Fossil-Fuel Consumption and Cement Manufacture, (2011) Annual Fossil-Fuel CO2 Emissions: Mass of Emissions Gridded by One Degree Latitude by One Degree Longitude (2012) Monthly Fossil-Fuel CO2 Emissions: Mass of Emissions Gridded by One Degree Latitude by One Degree Longitude (2012) Annual Fossil-Fuel CO2 Emissions: Global Stable Carbon Isotopic Signature (2012) Monthly Fossil-Fuel CO2 Emissions: Isomass (δ 13C) of Emissions Gridded by One Degree Latitude by One Degree Longitude (2012) AmeriFlux - Terrestrial Carbon Dioxide, Water Vapor, and Energy Balance Measurements Estimates of Monthly CO2 Emissions and Associated 13C/12C Values
This Issue: Forest Carbon Stocks and Flows
MAST821/ 853 Joint Oceanography and Marine Biosciences Seminar: Oil in the Environment (Co. Thesis topic: Hydrologic and Geochemical Processes at a Coastal Wetland Mitigation Site. Maria G Water Exchange--Future Research. Department of Geology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 22
Stock Market and Consumption: Evidence from China
A. 1992. Understanding Consumption. Cambridge, UK: CambridgeStock market wealth and consumption. The Journal of Economic139�146. Stock Market and Consumption: Evidence from China
Hau, Leslie C
Average Stock Levels: Crude Market & Propane
This graph shows that propane was not alone in experiencing excess supply in 1998 and extraordinary stock builds. Note that the graph shows average stock levels ...
Stocks of Residual Fuel Oil
All stock levels are as of the end of the period. Data may not add to total due to independent rounding. Weekly data for RBOB with Ether, RBOB with Alcohol, ...
Buildings Stock Load Control
Researchers and practitioners have proposed a variety of solutions to reduce electricity consumption and curtail peak demand. This research focuses on electricity demand control by applying some strategies in existing building to reduce it during the extreme climate period. The first part of this paper presents the objectives of the study: ? to restrict the startup polluting manufacturing units (power station), ? to limit the environmental impacts (greenhouse emission), ? to reduce the transport and distribution electricity infrastructures The second part presents the approach used to rise the objectives : ? To aggregat the individual loads and to analyze the impact of different strategies from load shedding to reduce peak power demand by: ? Developing models of tertiary buildings stocks (Schools, offices, Shops, hotels); ? Making simulations for different load shedding strategies to calculate potential peak power saving. The third part is dedicated to the description of the developed models: An assembly of the various blocks of the library of simbad and simulink permit to model building. Finally the last part prensents the study results: Graphs and tables to see the load shedding strategies impacts.
Joutey, H. A.; Vaezi-Nejad, H.; Clemoncon, B.; Rosenstein, F.
Total Ecosystem Approach to Terrestrial Carbon Sequestration
7RWDO(FRV\VWHP$SSURDFKWR 7RWDO(FRV\VWHP$SSURDFKWR 7HUUHVWULDO&DUERQ 6HTXHVWUDWLRQ Coal Industry Perspective November 6, 2001 685)$&(0,1,1* * Surface mining is the preferred mining method - Cheaper - Employees are above ground - More coal is recovered - Less preparation (washing) required * Prior to 1977 overburden (soil) was left loose (uncompacted) - Many disturbed areas have supported growth of new forest with growth rates greater than adjacent undisturbed lands 685)$&(0,1($&72) * Act Required Mine Operators to take steps to reclaim mined lands. - Post Reclamation Bond - Return Land to Approximate Original Contour * Mining Companies routinely made the surface smooth by making multiple passes over the surface compacting soils 5(&/$,0('0,1(/$1'327(17,$/
Terrestrial Trading Recent Publications
In t ro du ct i o n This Newsletter is created by the National Energy Technology Laboratory and represents a summary of carbon sequestration news covering the past month. Readers are referred to the actual article(s) for complete information. It is produced by the National Energy Technology Laboratory to provide information on recent activities and publications related to carbon sequestration. It covers domestic, international, public sector, and private sector news. Hi g h l i g h t s Wh at �s In s i d e? Sequestration in the News
unknown authors
The Carbon Cycle
The Carbon Cycle The Carbon Cycle The global carbon cycle involves the carbon in and exchanging between the earth's atmosphere, fossil fuels, the oceans, and the vegetation and soils of the earth's terrestrial ecosystems. image Each year, the world's terrestrial ecosystems withdraw carbon from the atmosphere through photosynthesis and add it again through respiration and decay. A more detailed look at the global carbon cycle for the 1990s is shown below. The main annual fluxes in GtC yr-1 are: pre-industrial "natural" fluxes in black and "anthropogenic" fluxes in red (modified from Sarmiento and Gruber, 2006, with changes in pool sizes from Sabine et al., 2004a). The net terrestrial loss of -39 GtC is inferred from cumulative fossil fuel emissions minus atmospheric increase minus ocean storage. The loss of
9] Funke, Norbert. 2004. Is there a stock market wealth e?ect in emerging markets? Economics Letters, 83, 417�21. [10]C. 1990. Has the stock market crash reduced consumer spend-
Distillate Stocks Expected to Remain Low
8 Notes: When EIA's demand forecast is combined with its outlook for production and net imports, distillate stocks are projected to remain low for the rest of the year. - Stocks...
Essays on predictability of stock returns
This thesis consists of three chapters exploring predictability of stock returns. In the first chapter, I suggest a new approach to analysis of stock return predictability. Instead of relying on predictive regressions, I ...
Rytchkov, Oleg
Landscape Analysis of Soil Carbon Storage on the Oak Ridge Reservation
LANDSCAPE LANDSCAPE ANALYSIS OF SOIL CARBON STORAGE ON THE OAK RIDGE RESERVATION Charles T. Garten, Jr. (email@example.com; 856-574-7355) Tom L. Ashwood (firstname.lastname@example.com; 865-574-7542) Environmental Sciences Division P.O. Box 2008, Mail Stop 6038 Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6038 INTRODUCTION Land use/land cover (LULC) and land use change can be a significant determinants of C flux between terrestrial ecosystems and the atmosphere. It is estimated that approximately 90% of the forest carbon (C) storage in the Upper Piedmont, in Georgia, was lost from 1770 (presettlement) through 1870 by land use change to agriculture [ 1]. Recent analyses also indicate that land use change has been critical to the historical aboveground accumulation of C in U.S. forests [ 2]. Land use change can also produce significant changes in soil C stocks [3] and land use could influence
Political Cycles and the Stock Market
forecast the stock market as controls for business cycle ?uctuations. After controlling for the dividend-price
Santa-Clara, Pedro; Valkanov, Rossen
U.S. Total Stocks
Annual Energy Outlook 2012 (EIA)
Show Data By: Product Stock Type Area Apr-13 May-13 Jun-13 Jul-13 Aug-13 Sep-13 View History Crude Oil and Petroleum Products 1,806,501 1,817,459 1,817,679 1,817,508 1,820,533...
Stocking rate effects on intensive-early stocked Flint Hills bluestem range
Stocking rate effects on intensive-early stocked Flint Hills bluestem range CLENTON E. OWENSBY, ROBERT COCHRAN, AND ED F. SMITH Stocking rate effects on intensive-early stocked Kansas Flint Hills range- lands is limited to the first 2 1/ 2 months of the growing season in the Kansas Flint Hills. Grazing
Owensby, Clenton E.
Forecast Technical Document Growing Stock Volume
Forecast Technical Document Growing Stock Volume Forecasts A document describing how growing stock (`standing') volume is handled in the 2011 Production Forecast. Tom Jenkins Robert Matthews Ewan Mackie Lesley Halsall #12;PF2011 Growing stock volume forecasts Background A forecast of standing volume (or
Energy-related carbon dioxide emissions declined in 2012 ...
Sales, revenue and prices, power plants, fuel use, stocks, generation, trade, ... which shifted power generation from the most carbon-intensive fossil fuel ...
Low Stocks Mean Tight Markets
6 6 Notes: Like those for other petroleum products, gasoline inventories have been running below normal. As of the latest weekly data, stocks are about 5% lower than the low end of the normal range for this time of year. Behind all of the low product inventories are low crude oil inventories. Recall that the crude market tightened in 1999 when OPEC cut back production. Demand was greater than supply and inventories were used to make up the difference. They have not yet recovered. Crude oil inventories are running about 7% below the low end of the normal range for this time of year. After last week's very large stock draw, it appears inventories are the lowest that they have been since December 1975. The U.S. inventory data will be an important price barometer to
This report describes the feasibility, calibration, and safety considerations of a non-destructive, in situ, quantitative, volumetric soil carbon analytical method based on inelastic neutron scattering (INS). The method can quantify values as low as 0.018 gC/cc, or about 1.2% carbon by weight with high precision under the instrument's configuration and operating conditions reported here. INS is safe and easy to use, residual soil activation declines to background values in under an hour, and no radiological requirements are needed for transporting the instrument. The labor required to obtain soil-carbon data is about 10-fold less than with other methods, and the instrument offers a nearly instantaneous rate of output of carbon-content values. Furthermore, it has the potential to quantify other elements, particularly nitrogen. New instrumentation was developed in response to a research solicitation from the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE LAB 00-09 Carbon Sequestration Research Program) supporting the Terrestrial Carbon Processes (TCP) program of the Office of Science, Biological and Environmental Research (BER). The solicitation called for developing and demonstrating novel techniques for quantitatively measuring changes in soil carbon. The report includes raw data and analyses of a set of proof-of-concept, double-blind studies to evaluate the INS approach in the first phase of developing the instrument. Managing soils so that they sequester massive amounts of carbon was suggested as a means to mitigate the atmospheric buildup of anthropogenic CO{sub 2}. Quantifying changes in the soils' carbon stocks will be essential to evaluating such schemes and documenting their performance. Current methods for quantifying carbon in soil by excavation and core sampling are invasive, slow, labor-intensive and locally destroy the system being observed. Newly emerging technologies, such as Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy and Near-Infrared Spectroscopy, offer soil-carbon analysis; however, these also are invasive and destructive techniques. The INS approach permits quantification in a relatively large volume of soil without disrupting the measurement site. The technique is very fast and provides nearly instantaneous results thereby reducing the cost, and speeding up the rate of analysis. It also has the potential to cover large areas in a mobile scanning mode. These capabilities will significantly advance the tracking carbon sequestration and offer a tool for research in agronomy, forestry, soil ecology and biogeochemistry.
5 5 Notes: When EIA's demand forecast is combined with its outlook for production and net imports, distillate stocks are projected to remain low for the rest of the year. - Stocks are beginning at very low levels. The September 1 distillate fuel stock level (112 million barrels) is nearly 20% less than last year, and about 15% below the 10 year average for end of August levels. - But stocks on the East Coast, at 39.8 million barrels, are 39% behind year-ago levels, and about a similar percentage below end-of-August 10-year average levels. Over the last 10 years, the average stock build from the end of August through the end of November has been about 10 million barrels. We are forecasting about a 12 million barrel build, which does not reach the normal band. Forecast stocks peak at the end of November at 127 million
WILD RICE SALAD RECIPE 1 quart water, chicken stock or vegetable stock
WILD RICE SALAD RECIPE 1 quart water, chicken stock or vegetable stock 1 cup wild rice, rinsed Sea ground pepper to taste 4 tablespoons extra virgin olive oil 2 tablespoons buttermilk or plain low-fat
Blanchette, Robert A.
How Predictable Is The Chinese Stock Market?.
?? We analyze return predictability for the Chinese stock market, including the aggregate market portfolio and the components of the aggregate market, such as portfolios� (more)
Jiang, Fuwei
Low Stocks Set Stage for Price Volatility
left heating oil markets in a vulnerable position. Stocks began the winter of 199900 well above average. They deteriorated somewhat as low margins kept refiners from continuing...
Kerosene Bulk Terminal Stocks by Type
Isobutane/Butylene Refinery Stocks by Type
Crude Oil Refinery Stocks by Type
Stocks of Kerosene-Type Jet Fuel
Petroleum Coke Refinery Stocks by Type
Stocks of Motor Gasoline Blending Components
Gulf Coast (PADD 3) Total Stocks
Stocks of Motor Gasoline Blending Components, CBOB
Integer Solutions to Cutting Stock Problems
ting Stock Problem (CSP) that can be described as follows: find the most ... two integer linear programming models for the one-dimensional CSP differing in.
Martian Windchill in Terrestrial Terms
With an average temperature of ?63 �C and winter lows of ?120 �C, Mars sounds far too cold for humans. However, thermometer readings from Mars are highly misleading to Terrestrials who base their expectations of thermal comfort on their experience in ...
Randall Osczevski
Carbon dynamics following landscape fire: influence of burn severity, climate, and stand history in the Metolius Watershed, Oregon.
??Fire is a fundamental disturbance that drives terrestrial and atmospheric carbon dynamics. Previous studies have quantified fire effects on carbon cycling from local to global� (more)
[No author
Models for the two-dimensional two-stage cutting stock problem with multiple stock size
We consider a Two-Dimensional Cutting Stock Problem (2DCSP) where stock of different sizes is available, and a set of rectangular items has to be obtained through two-stage guillotine cuts. We propose and computationally compare three Mixed-Integer Programming ... Keywords: Computational experiments, Cutting stock problem, Mixed-integer programming models
Fabio Furini, Enrico Malaguti
Intensive-Early Stocking and Season-Long Stocking of Kansas Flint Hills Range
Intensive-Early Stocking and Season-Long Stocking of Kansas Flint Hills Range ED F. SMITH AND CLENTON E. OWENSBY Highlight: Native Flint Hills bluestem range was stocked at twice the normal rate, 1 gains during the latter half of the growing season on Kansas Flint Hills range are barely one-half those
A quantum mechanical model for the relationship between stock price and stock ownership
The trade of a fixed stock can be regarded as the basic process that measures its momentary price. The stock price is exactly known only at the time of sale when the stock is between traders, that is, only in the case when the owner is unknown. We show that the stock price can be better described by a function indicating at any moment of time the probabilities for the possible values of price if a transaction takes place. This more general description contains partial information on the stock price, but it also contains partial information on the stock owner. By following the analogy with quantum mechanics, we assume that the time evolution of the function describing the stock price can be described by a Schroedinger type equation.
Cotfas, Liviu-Adrian [Faculty of Economic Cybernetics, Statistics and Informatics, Academy of Economic Studies, 6 Piata Romana, 010374 Bucharest (Romania)
The trade of a fixed stock can be regarded as the basic process that measures its momentary price. The stock price is exactly known only at the time of sale when the stock is between traders, that is, only in the case when the owner is unknown. We show that the stock price can be better described by a function indicating at any moment of time the probabilities for the possible values of price if a transaction takes place. This more general description contains partial information on the stock price, but it also contains partial information on the stock owner. By following the analogy with quantum mechanics, we assume that the time evolution of the function describing the stock price can be described by a Schrodinger type equation.
Liviu-Adrian Cotfas
Iowa Refinery, Bulk Terminal, and Natural Gas Plant Stocks of ...
Notes: Distillate stocks located in the Northeast Heating Oil Reserve are not included. Stocks are reported as of the last day of the month.
Oregon Refinery, Bulk Terminal, and Natural Gas Plant Stocks ...
Kentucky Refinery, Bulk Terminal, and Natural Gas Plant Stocks ...
Information Efficiency Comparison Between Shanghai and Hongkong Stock Markets.
??This thesis starts with the introduction of Shanghai stock market, Hong Kong stock market and efficient market hypothesis. It then tries to compare the information� (more)
Qu, Huan
A quantum model for the stock market
Beginning with several basic hypotheses of quantum mechanics, we give a new quantum model in econophysics. In this model, we define wave functions and operators of the stock market to establish the Schr\\"odinger equation for the stock price. Based on this theoretical framework, an example of a driven infinite quantum well is considered, in which we use a cosine distribution to simulate the state of stock price in equilibrium. After adding an external field into the Hamiltonian to analytically calculate the wave function, the distribution and the average value of the rate of return are shown.
Chao Zhang; Lu Huang
,"Crude Oil and Petroleum Products Total Stocks Stocks by Type"
U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) Indexed Site
Total Stocks Stocks by Type" Total Stocks Stocks by Type" ,"Click worksheet name or tab at bottom for data" ,"Worksheet Name","Description","# Of Series","Frequency","Latest Data for" ,"Data 1","Crude Oil and Petroleum Products Total Stocks Stocks by Type",6,"Monthly","9/2013","1/15/1956" ,"Release Date:","11/27/2013" ,"Next Release Date:","Last Week of December 2013" ,"Excel File Name:","pet_stoc_typ_a_ep00_sae_mbbl_m.xls" ,"Available from Web Page:","http://www.eia.gov/dnav/pet/pet_stoc_typ_a_ep00_sae_mbbl_m.htm" ,"Source:","Energy Information Administration" ,"For Help, Contact:","firstname.lastname@example.com"
Ohio Distillate Fuel Oil Stocks at Refineries, Bulk Terminals, and ...
Ohio Distillate Fuel Oil Stocks at Refineries, Bulk Terminals, and Natural Gas Plants (Thousand Barrels)
Wisconsin Propane and Propylene Stocks at Refineries, Bulk ...
Wisconsin Propane and Propylene Stocks at Refineries, Bulk Terminals, and Natural Gas Plants (Thousand Barrels)
Michigan Finished Motor Gasoline Stocks at Refineries, Bulk ...
Michigan Finished Motor Gasoline Stocks at Refineries, Bulk Terminals, and Natural Gas Plants (Thousand Barrels)
An efficient CMAC neural network for stock index forecasting
Stock index forecasting is one of the major activities of financial firms and private investors in making investment decisions. Although many techniques have been developed for predicting stock index, building an efficient stock index forecasting model ... Keywords: Back-propagation neural network, Cerebellar model articulation controller, Neural network, Stock index forecasting, Support vector regression
Chi-Jie Lu; Jui-Yu Wu
Long-term Stock Market Forecasting using Gaussian Processes
Address3 email4 Abstract5 Forecasting stock market prices is an attractive topic to researchers from6 to analyze18 and forecast stock prices and index changes. The accuracy of these techniques is still an19-term predictions in stock prices.32 33 1.2 Motivation34 In stock market, investors need long-term forecasting
de Freitas, Nando
Alaska Prices, Sales Volumes & Stocks - U.S. Energy Information ...
Prices, Sales Volumes & Stocks by State Area: Period: Download Series History: Definitions, Sources ...
Colorado Propane and Propylene Stocks at Refineries, Bulk ...
Colorado Propane and Propylene Stocks at Refineries, Bulk Terminals, and Natural Gas Plants (Thousand Barrels)
Colorado Finished Motor Gasoline Stocks at Refineries, Bulk ...
Colorado Finished Motor Gasoline Stocks at Refineries, Bulk Terminals, and Natural Gas Plants (Thousand Barrels)
South Dakota Distillate Fuel Oil Stocks at Refineries, Bulk ...
South Dakota Distillate Fuel Oil Stocks at Refineries, Bulk Terminals, and Natural Gas Plants (Thousand Barrels)
South Dakota Propane and Propylene Stocks at Refineries, Bulk ...
South Dakota Propane and Propylene Stocks at Refineries, Bulk Terminals, and Natural Gas Plants (Thousand Barrels)
When EIA�s demand forecast is combined with its outlook for production and net imports, distillate stocks are projected to remain low for the rest of the year.
Macroeconomic determinants of the stock market movements: empirical evidence from the Saudi stock market.
??This dissertation investigates the long run and short run relationships between Saudi stock market returns and eight macroeconomic variables. We investigate the ability of these� (more)
Alshogeathri, Mofleh Ali Mofleh
Crude Oil Total Stocks Stocks by Type - U.S. Energy Information ...
A Low-Carbon Fuel Standard for California, Part 2: Policy Analysis
S. Denning, C. B. A Low Carbon Fuel Standard for California227-241. E4Tech. 2007. Carbon Reporting under the Renewablepatterns and mechanisms of carbon exchange by terrestrial
Sperling, Daniel; Farrell, Alexander
A Low-Carbon Fuel Standard for California Part 2: Policy Analysis
EMSL: Science: Terrestrial & Subsurface Ecosystems
Terrestrial & Subsurface Ecosystems Terrestrial & Subsurface Ecosystems Terrestrial and Subsurface Ecosystems logo Visualization of CFD-simulated fluid velocities within a single pore space between randomly packed spherical grains Visualization of CFD-simulated fluid velocities within a single pore space between randomly packed spherical grains. The Terrestrial and Subsurface Ecosystems Science Theme focuses on the dynamics of nutrients, metabolites, and contaminants at biogeochemical interfaces in heterogeneous environments across multiple scales. By providing a mechanistic understanding of biogeochemical and microbial processes in soils and the subsurface, and linking those processes via pore-scale hydrological models, EMSL can improve strategies for sustainable solutions to contaminant attenuation, remediation and biogeochemical
The Network Packing Problem in Terrestrial Broadcasting
In the context of terrestrial video broadcasting, digital technology most likely will re- ... digital broadcasting has been carried out by the Italian Communications�...
Microsoft Word - BB-Terrestrial-Oct09
Field Test Name Terrestrial Field Validation Test Test Location North Dakota, South Dakota, Minnesota, Montana, Iowa Amount and Source of CO 2 Tons NA Source...
Microsoft Word - BB-Terrestrial.doc
Field Test Name PCOR Terrestrial Field Validation Test Test Location North Dakota, South Dakota, Minnesota, Montana, Iowa Amount and Source of CO 2 Tons NA Source...
Carbon Cycle Uncertainty Increases Climate Change Risks and Mitigation Challenges
Projections of greenhouse gas concentrations over the twenty-first century generally rely on two optimistic, but questionable, assumptions about the carbon cycle: 1) that elevated atmospheric CO2 concentrations will enhance terrestrial carbon ...
Paul A. T. Higgins; John Harte
Organic Carbon Cycling in East China Sea Shelf Sediments: Linkages with Hypoxia
The Changjiang River provides the main source of sediment and terrestrial derived organic carbon (OC) to the Changjiang large delta-front estuary (LDE) in the East China Sea (ECS). This study analyzed bulk OC, biomarkers including lignin and plant pigment, black carbon (BC) on ECS sediments sampled in winter 2009 and 2010 in order to study the OC cycling under the influence of natural and anthropogenic disturbance. Low-oxygen tolerant foraminiferal microfossils were analyzed in another two sediment cores to study the historical hypoxia events in the Changjiang LDE. Bulk carbon to nitrogen (C/N) ratio and stable isotope ?13C in the surface sediment samples indicated a mixture source of terrestrial, deltaic and marine derived OC. Refractory BC and reworked marine OC seemed to comprise most of the OC pool with older, less reactive signatures as deduced from ?14C, and BC analyses. Winter wind/wave energy and hydrodynamic sorting had a substantial winnowing effect on surface sediment OC redistribution. As a result, the highest lignin concentration shifted to the south during the 2010 cruise after the summer flood event. In addition, algal inputs from local deltaic lakes due to eutrophication and/or lateral transport likely caused the observed lack of benthic-pelagic coupling of pigment concentrations between the surface sediments and the water column after the summer flood in 2010. For the down-core sediment, the mass accumulation rate distribution followed the dispersal pathway of the ECS sediment. Terrestrial and marine derived OC showed significant spatial and temporal distribution. Lignin rich materials were better preserved in sediments closer to the coast while offshore sediments tended to be composed of lignin-poor, degraded OC, that were likely hydrodynamically sorted to a long distance during transport. Besides eutrophication, plant pigments indicated that marine-derived OC was mostly deposited in the sediment mixed layer with decay in the underlying sediment accumulation layer. The total OC standing stock since 1900 is approximately 1.62�1.15 kgC m^-2, about 1/10 of the total OC stock in all the middle and lower lakes in the Changjiang catchment. There has been an increase in the number of hypoxic bottom water events on the Changjiang LDE over the past 60 yrs indicated from the increases in low-oxygen tolerant foraminiferal microfossils due to excess deposition of OC and summer stratification.
Li, Xinxin
1. INTRODUCTION Global biomass and soil carbon estimate
1. INTRODUCTION Global biomass and soil carbon estimate Sahoko Yui and Sonia Yeh Institute peatland carbon data. 2. FOREST BIOMASS CARBON Table 1: Reclassification of Land Cover Types IGBP RFS 2 is to create spatially explicit global database of biomass and soil carbon stock and the emission factors
California at Davis, University of
Possible climates on terrestrial exoplanets
What kind of environment may exist on terrestrial planets around other stars? In spite of the lack of direct observations, it may not be premature to speculate on exoplanetary climates, for instance to optimize future telescopic observations, or to assess the probability of habitable worlds. To first order, climate primarily depends on 1) The atmospheric composition and the volatile inventory; 2) The incident stellar flux; 3) The tidal evolution of the planetary spin, which can notably lock a planet with a permanent night side. The atmospheric composition and mass depends on complex processes which are difficult to model: origins of volatile, atmospheric escape, geochemistry, photochemistry. We discuss physical constraints which can help us to speculate on the possible type of atmosphere, depending on the planet size, its final distance for its star and the star type. Assuming that the atmosphere is known, the possible climates can be explored using Global Climate Models analogous to the ones developed to sim...
Forget, Francois
Restaurant Industry Stock Price Forecasting Model Utilizing Artificial Neural Networks to Combine Fundamental and Technical Analysis.
??Stock price forecasting is a classic problem facing analysts. Forcasting models have been developed for predicting individual stocks and stock indices around the world and� (more)
Dravenstott, Ronald W.
Towards a Very Low Energy Building Stock: Modeling the US Commercial...
Towards a Very Low Energy Building Stock: Modeling the US Commercial Building Stock to Support Policy and Innovation Planning Title Towards a Very Low Energy Building Stock:...
Announcements Science Policy Geology Technology Terrestrial/Ocean
what'S inSide? what'S inSide? Sequestration in the News Announcements Science Policy Geology Technology Terrestrial/Ocean Trading Recent Publications Events Subscription Information hiGhliGhtS Fossil Energy Techline, "Climate Technology: DOE Readies First Big U.S. Projects in CO 2 Capture and Storage. The US Department of Energy (DOE) is currently reviewing Phase III proposals for large-scale geologic sequestration projects in support of the Regional Carbon Sequestration Partnership Program. The program, which was formed in 2003 to research the best approaches to capture and permanently store the greenhouse gas, carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), will enter its next phase in October with announcements of Phase III deployment projects. The new stage of the Regional Partnerships' work will follow as a logical extension of work
Property:StockSymbol | Open Energy Information
Open Energy Info (EERE)
StockSymbol StockSymbol Jump to: navigation, search This is a property of type String. Pages using the property "StockSymbol" Showing 25 pages using this property. (previous 25) (next 25) A A.O. Smith + AOS + AAON + AAON + Alterra Power + MGMXF + Ameresco, Inc. + AMRC + Applied Materials + AMAT + Archer Daniels Midland + ADM + Autodesk + ADSK + C China Integrated Energy + CBEH + E EEMAP, Inc. + N/A + EnerNOC + ENOC + Evergreen Solar, Inc. + ESLR + ExxonMobil + XOM + G General Electric + GE + Geothermal Resources Council + Geothermal Resources Council + Goodwill Instrument + TPE 2423 + GreenShift Corporation + GERS.OB + Gulfsands Petroleum + AIM:GPX + H Helix Wind Corp. + HLXW + I ICF International + NASDAQ:ICFI + J Johnson Controls + JCI + M Molycorp Inc. + MCP +
U.S. Crude Oil Stocks
5 5 Notes: U.S. crude oil stocks stood at about 289 million barrels on September 8, according to EIA's latest survey. This puts them about 24 million barrels below the level seen at the same time last year. Current market conditions do not suggest much improvement in the near term. We probably ended last month (August 2000) with the lowest level for end-of-August crude oil stocks (289 million barrels) in the United States since 1976, when crude oil inputs to refineries were about 2 million barrels per day less than today. However, by EIA data, we have seen (at least slightly) lower crude stocks in recent months, including an end-December 1999 level of 284 million barrels. The American Petroleum Institute (API), which also surveys petroleum supply and demand
Webinar-Terrestrial Solar Spectral Modeling for Renewable Energy...
Webinar-Terrestrial Solar Spectral Modeling for Renewable Energy: SMARTS Model Jump to: navigation, search Logo: Webinar-Terrestrial Solar Spectral Modeling for Renewable Energy:...
Landscape level differences in soil carbon and nitrogen: implications for soil carbon sequestration
The objective of this research was to understand how land cover and topography act, independently or together, as determinants of soil carbon and nitrogen storage over a complex terrain. Such information could help to direct land management for the purpose of carbon sequestration. Soils were sampled under different land covers and at different topographic positions on the mostly forested 14,000 ha Oak Ridge Reservation in Tennessee, USA. Most of the soil carbon stock, to a 40-cm soil depth, was found to reside in the surface 20 cm of mineral soil. Surface soil carbon and nitrogen stocks were partitioned into particulate ({ge}53 {micro}m) and mineral-associated organic matter (<53 {micro}m). Generally, soils under pasture had greater nitrogen availability, greater carbon and nitrogen stocks, and lower C:N ratios than soils under transitional vegetation and forests. The effects of topography were usually secondary to those of land cover. Because of greater soil carbon stocks, and greater allocation of soil carbon to mineral-associated organic matter (a long-term pool), we conclude that soil carbon sequestration, but not necessarily total ecosystem carbon storage, is greater under pastures than under forests. The implications of landscape-level variation in soil carbon and nitrogen for carbon sequestration are discussed at several different levels: (1) nitrogen limitations to soil carbon storage; (2) controls on soil carbon turnover as a result of litter chemistry and soil carbon partitioning; (3) residual effects of past land use history; and (4) statistical limitations to the quantification of soil carbon stocks.
Garten Jr, Charles T [ORNL; Ashwood, Tom L [ORNL
PCOR Terrestrial Field Validation Test PCOR Terrestrial Field Validation Test 1 FACT SHEET FOR PARTNERSHIP FIELD VALIDATION TEST Partnership Name Plains CO 2 Reduction (PCOR) Partnership - Phase II Contacts: DOE/NETL Project Mgr. Name Organization E-Mail Darin Damiani, U.S. Department of Energy, email@example.com Principal Investigator Edward Steadman Field Test Information: Field Test Name PCOR Terrestrial Field Validation Test Test Location North Dakota, South Dakota, Minnesota, Montana, Iowa Amount and Source of CO 2 Tons N/A Source Atmospheric CO 2 Ducks Unlimited, Inc. U.S. Geological Survey Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center Field Test Partners (Primary Sponsors) North Dakota State University
Supply/Demand Forecasts Begin to Show Stock Rebuilding
9 9 Notes: During 1999, we saw stock draws during the summer months, when we normally see stock builds, and very large stock draws during the winter of 1999/2000. Normally, crude oil production exceeds product demand in the spring and summer, and stocks build. These stocks are subsequently drawn down during the fourth and first quarters (dark blue areas). When the market is in balance, the stock builds equal the draws. During 2000, stocks have gradually built, but following the large stock draws of 1999, inventories needed to have been built more to get back to normal levels. As we look ahead using EIA's base case assumptions for OPEC production, non-OPEC production, and demand, we expect a more seasonal pattern for the next 3 quarters. But since we are beginning the year with
Low Distillate Stocks Set Stage for Price Volatility
This distillate price spike is a classic response to a local supply and demand imbalance that began as a result of low distillate stocks. Low distillate stocks in the ...
U.S. Distillate Stocks - Energy Information Administration
Slide 5 of 27. Distillate Stocks. This slide shows the average U.S. distillate stock pattern -- building in the summer and fall, then being drawn down through the ...
Jiangsu FAW Foundry Stock Co Ltd | Open Energy Information
FAW Foundry Stock Co Ltd Jump to: navigation, search Name Jiangsu FAW Foundry Stock Co Ltd Place Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China Sector Wind energy Product Wuxi-based JV set up...
Propane/Propylene Natural Gas Processing Plant Stocks by Type
Residual Fuel Oil Bulk Terminal Stocks by Type
Policy Consequences of Better Stock Estimates in Pacific Halibut Fisheries
the effect of halibut price, stock biomass, on the amount ofbiomass over time. The measurement equa- equation tions include a priceprice The is catch in determined equation area storage describes the effect of effort and stock biomass
Berck, Peter; Johns, Grace
Ohio Refinery, Bulk Terminal, and Natural Gas Plant Stocks of ...
-No Data Reported; --= Not Applicable; NA = Not Available; W = Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. Notes: Distillate stocks ...
Michigan Refinery, Bulk Terminal, and Natural Gas Plant Stocks of ...
Idaho Refinery, Bulk Terminal, and Natural Gas Plant Stocks of ...
Fear and its implications for stock markets
The value of stocks indices, and other assets, are examples of stochastic processes that drop and raise in unpredictable ways. In this paper, we discuss certain asymmetries in short term price movements that can not be attributed to a long term increasing trend. These empirical asymmetries predict that price drops in stock indices on a relatively short time scale are more common than the corresponding price raises, and we present several empirical examples of such asymmetries. Furthermore, a simple model is introduced with the aim of explaining these facts. The prime idea is to introduce occasional, short periods of dropping stock prices that are synchronized for all stocks of the index. These collective negative price movements are imagined to be triggered by external factors in our society that create fear for the future among the investors. In the model this is parameterized by a ``fear factor'' defining how often such events take place. It is demonstrated that such a simple fear factor model can reproduce...
Simonsen, I; Jensen, M H; Donangelo, R; Sneppen, K; Simonsen, Ingve; Ahlgren, Peter Toke Heden; Jensen, Mogens H.; Donangelo, Raul; Sneppen, Kim
West Coast (PADD 5) Total Stocks
Stock Type: Area: Jan-13 Feb-13 Mar-13 Apr-13 May-13 Jun-13 View History; Crude Oil and Petroleum Products: 148,209: 144,699: 141,778: 140,755: 140,174: 142,146: 1981 ...
A new Loan-Stock Financial Instrument
A new financial instrument (a new kind of a loan) is introduced. The loan-stock instrument (LSI) combines fixed rate instruments (loans, etc.) with other financial instruments that have higher volatilities and returns (stocks, mutual funds, currencies, derivatives, options, etc.). This new loan depends on the value of underlying security (for example, stock) in such a way that when underlying security increases, the value of loan decreases and backwards. The procedure to create a risk free portfolio and a technique to fairly price the LSI is described. The philosophy behind this procedure is quite similar to the Black-Scholes formalism in option theory. Creation of the risk free portfolio is possible because the change in the underlying security offsets the change in the value of the loan (or the amount that the borrower has to repay). The new financial instrument takes an advantage of the fact that on average the stock market grows in time. It is beneficial for both the borrower and the lender. The LSI is more attractive for the borrower than the traditional loan is due to the decrease in the amount that has to be repaid. This attractiveness constitutes the benefit for the lender in terms of the market share among the borrowers. In addition, the lender can charge the extra premium.
Alexander Morozovsky; Rajan Narasimhan; Yuri Kholodenko
Game Analysis of the Evolution of Artificial Stock Market
In this paper, we build the participators� logistic model of the game model in artificial stock market. The participators are three types: flexible agent, semi-flexible agent and rigidity agent. Then, we set up the game model in artificial stock ... Keywords: Artificial stock market, Game model, Agent
She Zhenyu; Yan Bo
Using Neural Networks to Forecast Stock Market Prices Ramon Lawrence
Using Neural Networks to Forecast Stock Market Prices Ramon Lawrence Department of Computer Science on the application of neural networks in forecasting stock market prices. With their ability to discover patterns. Section 3 covers current analytical and computer methods used to forecast stock market prices
Lawrence, Ramon
Do Firms Choose Their Stock Liquidity? A Study of Innovative Firms and Their Stock Liquidity ?
We ask whether firms can choose, or at least influence, their stock liquidity. We analyze a sample of firms that, we hypothesize, will value stock liquidity more than other firms � innovative firms that primarily hold intangible assets and expect to raise capital from the stock market. Consistent with their reliance on equity markets, we find that innovative firms have higher liquidity and that they take a variety of actions (e.g., frequent earnings guidance, stock splits etc) that help keep their stock more liquid. Maintaining liquidity appears to be less of a concern when innovative firms have greater access to other sources of capital. Given their low leverage, there is greater reliance on monitoring by large equity-holders and incentive contracts to help resolve agency issues, rather than banks or other creditors: consistent with the greater institutional ownership, higher likelihood of blockholders, and more incentivized CEO compensation contracts in these firms. The marginal impact on firm value (Tobin�s Q) of a plausibly exogenous increase in liquidity (e.g., following decimalization of stock prices) is greater for innovative firms, especially when CEOs have strong incentive contracts. Innovative activity tends to increase in the wake of such liquidity enhancements.
Nishant Dass; Vikram N; Steven Chong Xiao; Nikunj Kapadia; Simi Kedia; Pete Kyle; Er Ljungqvist
Fabrication of Carbon Nanotube Reinforced Aluminum Alloy ... - TMS
May 1, 2007 ... TMS Member price: 10.00. Non-member price: 25.00. TMS Student Member price : 10.00. Product In Stock. Description Maluti-walled carbon�...
Laboratory for Sustainable Energy, Technical University ofLaboratory for Sustainable Energy, Technical University of
Yi, C.; Ricciuota, D.; Goulden, M. L.
A Report from the Soil and Water Conservation Society.Ankeny (IA): Soil and Water Conservation Society. 4. BerheRL. 2004. Soil and Water Conservation for Productivity and
NETL: News Release - DOE Manual Studies Terrestrial Carbon Sequestrati...
their sequestration efforts and save time, effort, and funds. All best-practices manuals, as well as other CCS documents and reference materials, can be found on NETL's...
DOE Terrestrial Ecosystem and Carbon Cycle Science Team Meeting
1:45 PM Comments about Replication and Statistical Uncertainty - Steve Long 2:00 PM Crop Responses to Elevated CO2 - Bruce Kimball 2:20 PM The FACE Network - Bob NowakStan...
Tebian Electric Apparatus Stock Co Ltd TBEA | Open Energy Information
Tebian Electric Apparatus Stock Co Ltd TBEA Tebian Electric Apparatus Stock Co Ltd TBEA Jump to: navigation, search Name Tebian Electric Apparatus Stock Co Ltd (TBEA) Place Changji, Xinjiang Autonomous Region, China Zip 831100 Sector Solar Product TBEA makes transformer products and aluminium foil, and also solar energy equipment. References Tebian Electric Apparatus Stock Co Ltd (TBEA)[1] LinkedIn Connections CrunchBase Profile No CrunchBase profile. Create one now! This article is a stub. You can help OpenEI by expanding it. Tebian Electric Apparatus Stock Co Ltd (TBEA) is a company located in Changji, Xinjiang Autonomous Region, China . References ↑ "Tebian Electric Apparatus Stock Co Ltd (TBEA)" Retrieved from "http://en.openei.org/w/index.php?title=Tebian_Electric_Apparatus_Stock_Co_Ltd_TBEA&oldid=352059
NATIONAL ENERGY POLICY Taking Stock A
Taking Stock Taking Stock A merica's current energy challeng- es can be met with rapidly im- proving technology, dedicated leadership, and a comprehensive approach to our energy needs. Our challenge is clear-we must use tech- nology to reduce demand for energy, re- pair and maintain our energy infrastruc- ture, and increase energy supply. Today, the United States remains the world's undisput- ed technological leader; but recent events have demonstrated that we have yet to inte- grate 21st-century technology into an ener- gy plan that is focused on wise energy use, production, efficiency, and conservation. Prices today for gasoline, heating oil, and natural gas are dramatically higher than they were only a year ago. In Califor- nia, homeowners, farmers, and businesses face soaring electricity prices, rolling
Maximum entropy distribution of stock price fluctuations
The principle of absence of arbitrage opportunities allows obtaining the distribution of stock price fluctuations by maximizing its information entropy. This leads to a physical description of the underlying dynamics as a random walk characterized by a stochastic diffusion coefficient and constrained to a given value of the expected volatility, taking in this way into account the information provided by the existence of an option market. This model is validated by a comprehensive comparison with observed distributions of both price return and diffusion coefficient. Expected volatility is the only parameter in the model and can be obtained by analysing option prices. We give an analytic formulation of the probability density function for price returns which can be used to extract expected volatility from stock option data. This distribution is of high practical interest since it should be preferred to a Gaussian when dealing with the problem of pricing derivative financial contracts.
Bartiromo, Rosario
Carbon dioxide and climate: a bibliography
This bibliography with abstracts presents 394 citations retrieved from the Energy Data Base of the Department of Energy Technical Information Center, Oak Ridge, Tennessee. The citations cover all aspects of the climatic effects of carbon dioxide emissions to the atmosphere. These include carbon cycling, temperature effects, carbon dioxide control technologies, paleoclimatology, carbon dioxide sources and sinks, mathematical models, energy policies, greenhouse effect, and the role of the oceans and terrestrial forests.
Ringe, A.C. (ed.)
Transfer Entropy Analysis of the Stock Market
In terms of transfer entropy, we investigated the strength and the direction of information transfer in the US stock market. Through the directionality of the information transfer, the more influential company between the correlated ones can be found and also the market leading companies are selected. Our entropy analysis shows that the companies related with energy industries such as oil, gas, and electricity influence the whole market.
Baek, S K; Kwon, O; Moon, H T; Baek, Seung Ki; Jung, Woo-Sung; Kwon, Okyu; Moon, Hie-Tae
Global terrestrial biogeochemistry: Perturbations, interactions, and time scales
Global biogeochemical processes are being perturbed by human activity, principally that which is associated with industrial activity and expansion of urban and agricultural complexes. Perturbations have manifested themselves at least since the beginning of the 19th Century, and include emissions of CO{sub 2} and other pollutants from fossil fuel combustion, agricultural emissions of reactive nitrogen, and direct disruption of ecosystem function through land conversion. These perturbations yield local impacts, but there are also global consequences that are the sum of local-scale influences. Several approaches to understanding the global-scale implications of chemical perturbations to the Earth system are discussed. The lifetime of anthropogenic CO{sub 2} in the atmosphere is an important concept for understanding the current and future commitment to an altered atmospheric heat budget. The importance of the terrestrial biogeochemistry relative to the lifetime of excess CO{sub 2} is demonstrated using dynamic, aggregated models of the global carbon cycle.
Braswell, B.H. Jr.
Carbon Cycle Uncertainty Increases Climate Change Risks and Mitigation Challenges PAUL A. T. HIGGINS
Carbon Cycle Uncertainty Increases Climate Change Risks and Mitigation Challenges PAUL A. T about the carbon cycle: 1) that elevated atmospheric CO2 concentrations will enhance terrestrial carbon that carbon cycle uncertainty is considerably larger than currently recognized and that plausible carbon cycle
Kammen, Daniel M.
Terrestrial Field Validation Test Terrestrial Field Validation Test 1 FACT SHEET FOR PARTNERSHIP FIELD VALIDATION TEST Partnership Name Plains CO 2 Reduction (PCOR) Partnership - Phase II Contacts: DOE/NETL Project Mgr. Name Organization E-Mail Andrea McNemar, U.S. Department of Energy, firstname.lastname@example.com Principal Investigator Edward Steadman Field Test Information: Field Test Name Terrestrial Field Validation Test Test Location North Dakota, South Dakota, Minnesota, Montana, Iowa Amount and Source of CO 2 Tons N/A Source Atmospheric CO 2 Field Test Partners (Primary Sponsors) Ducks Unlimited, Inc. U.S. Geological Survey Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center North Dakota State University Summary of Field Test Site and Operations:
Low Gasoline Stocks Indicate Increased Odds of Spring Volatility
We cannot just focus on distillate. Gasoline will likely be our next We cannot just focus on distillate. Gasoline will likely be our next major concern. Gasoline stock levels have fallen well below the typical band for this time of year, primarily for the same reason distillate stocks fell to low levels -- namely relatively low production due to low margins. At the end of January, total gasoline inventories were almost 13 million barrels (6%) below the low end of the normal band. While gasoline stocks are generally not as important a supply source to the gasoline market this time of year as are distillate stocks to the distillate market, gasoline stocks still are needed. Gasoline stocks are usually used to help meet gasoline demand during February and March as refiners go through maintenance and turnarounds, but we do not have the
Last-Minute Energy Saving Stocking Stuffers | Department of Energy
Last-Minute Energy Saving Stocking Stuffers Last-Minute Energy Saving Stocking Stuffers Last-Minute Energy Saving Stocking Stuffers December 23, 2013 - 12:13pm Addthis There are all sorts of small energy-efficient presents available for stuffing stockings this year. | Photo courtesy of ©iStockphoto.com/DNY59 There are all sorts of small energy-efficient presents available for stuffing stockings this year. | Photo courtesy of ©iStockphoto.com/DNY59 Christina Stowers Communications Specialist in the Office of Weatherization and Intergovernmental Program How can I participate? Keep an eye out for these small, energy saving gifts as you do your last minute shopping this year. Looking for some last minute stocking stuffers to complement the holiday gifts you've purchased for your loved ones? We covered a few
Along with the recent rise in crude oil prices, low stocks of Along with the recent rise in crude oil prices, low stocks of distillate fuels left markets in a vulnerable position. As we went into our two biggest distillate demand months, January and February, U.S. distillate stocks were very low -- particularly on the East and Gulf Coasts. The East Coast is the primary heating oil region, and it depends heavily on production from the Gulf Coast as well. Distillate stocks in the U.S. and Europe were in surplus supply as recently as October, but distillate stocks did not build as they usually do during the late fall, and declined more sharply than usual in December. December stocks closed well below the normal range. The unusual drawdown, in contrast to the more normal building pattern, resulted in distillate inventory levels about 3 million barrels lower than the very low
Distillate Stocks Are Important Part of Northeast Winter Supply
1 of 15 1 of 15 Notes: Why do stocks matter in the Northeast? Stocks are normally an important part of PADD 1 winter distillate supply. Over the last 5 years, they provided about 15% of supply during the peak winter months of January and February. One of the biggest stock draws we have seen was in January 1994, when a prolonged severe cold spell required 666 MB/D of stocks, covering almost 36% of demand for that month. PADD 1 refineries meet about 25% of demand during January and February, and other PADDs -- mostly PADD 3 -- supply 45-50% of the regions needs. Imports generally supply about as much as stocks during the peak months, with most of the product coming from Canada, the Virgin Islands and Venezuela. Percentages do not tell the whole story. Stocks supply close to 300
Terrestrial applications of bifacial photovoltaic solar panels
Bifacial Photovoltaic solar cells (so-called transparent bifacial photovoltaic solar cells) offer additional absorption by rear side, which is a significant advantage over ordinary Photovoltaic solar cells. A range of experiments have been done on bifacial ... Keywords: absorption, panels, photovoltaic, solar cells, terrestrial
P. Ooshaksaraei; R. Zulkifli; S. H. Zaidi; M. Alghoul; A. Zaharim; K. Sopian
The investigation of the market disequilibrium in the stock market.
??This thesis investigated stock market disequilibrium focusing on two topics: the impact of multiple market makers on the market disequilibrium at the market microstructure level,� (more)
Park, Jin Suk
Normal Butane/Butylene Refinery Stocks by Type
NIST 2002 Stock Study of Malcolm Baldrige National Quality ...
... Stock Purchases. December 2, 2002 Close. Price, $ Invested, Price, $ Value, % Change. 11/2/92. CitiGroup (AT&T Universal Card Services). 44.125 ...
U.S. Motor Gasoline Blending Components Stocks by Type
East Coast (PADD 1) Crude Oil Stocks by Type
East Coast (PADD 1) Liquefied Petroleum Gases Stocks by Type
Stocks by Type - Rocky Mountain (PADD 4) CBOB Gasoline Blending ...
Rocky Mountain (PADD 4) Crude Oil Stocks by Type
Stocks of Reformulated Gasoline - U.S. Energy Information ...
Table 3.4 Petroleum Stocks (Million Barrels)
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review October 2013 47 Table 3.4 Petroleum Stocks (Million Barrels) Crude Oila Distillate
Stocks of Total Crude Oil and Petroleum Products (Excl. SPR)
U.S. Renewable Diesel Fuel Stocks by Type
Residuum Refinery Stocks by Type - Energy Information Administration
U.S. Asphalt and Road Oil Stocks by Type
Crude Oil Non-SPR Stocks by Type
Conventional Gasoline Blended Bulk Terminal Stocks by Type
U.S. Crude Oil Stocks by Type
East Coast (PADD 1) Total Stocks - Energy Information Administration
Stocks of Distillate Fuel Oil 15 ppm Sulfur and Under
Stocks of Total Crude Oil and Petroleum Products (Including SPR)
PADD 1 Stocks of Crude Oil and Petroleum Products
Ethane/Ethylene Natural Gas Processing Plant Stocks by Type
Stocks of SPR Crude Oil - Energy Information Administration
Midwest (PADD 2) Total Stocks - Energy Information Administration
MTBE Pipeline Stocks by Type - Energy Information Administration
Crude Oil Tank Farms and Pipelines Stocks by Type
Kerosene-Type Jet Fuel Refinery Stocks by Type
Asphalt and Road Oil Bulk Terminal Stocks by Type
Stocks of Distillate Fuel Oil - Energy Information Administration
Crude Oil Strategic Petroleum Reserve Stocks by Type
Crude Oil Alaskan in Transit Stocks by Type
Crude Oil and Petroleum Products Bulk Terminal Stocks by Type
Midwest (PADD 2) Stocks of Crude Oil and Petroleum Products
Jefferson Lab Science Series - The Physics of Stock Car Racing...
Archive Next Video (Understanding Flight) Understanding Flight The Physics of Stock Car Racing from a NASCAR Champion's Perspective Dr. Scott Winters - Lawrence Livermore...
Distillate Stocks Are Important Part of East Coast Winter Supply
of supply when anything unexpected occurs, and they supply a significant portion of demand during the peak heating season. Stocks are normally an important part of PADD 1...
Cushing, Oklahoma Stocks of Crude Oil and Petroleum Products
Stocks of Total Motor Gasoline - Energy Information Administration
U.S. Ethane/Ethylene Stocks by Type
Refinery Grade Butane Bulk Terminal Stocks by Type
Isobutane/Butylene Bulk Terminal Stocks by Type
U.S. Refinery Grade Butane Stocks by Type
Midwest (PADD 2) Refinery Grade Butane Stocks by Type
Gulf Coast (PADD 3) Refinery Grade Butane Stocks at Bulk ...
Gulf Coast (PADD 3) Refinery Grade Butane Stocks at Bulk Terminals (Thousand Barrels) Year Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec; 2005: 935: ...
Chapter 3. Fossil-Fuel Stocks for Electricity Generation
U.S. Energy Information Administration/Electric Power Monthly June 2012 69 Chapter 3. Fossil-Fuel Stocks for Electricity Generation
Stocks of Motor Gasoline RBOB with Alcohol Blending Components
Stocks of Finished Motor Gasoline - U.S. Energy Information ...
Stocks of All Other Motor Gasoline Blending Components
One of the biggest stock draws we have seen was in January 1994, ... and if cold weather increases demand, resupply from these sources can take several weeks. ...
Stocks of Conventional Gasoline Blended with Fuel Ethanol
U.S. Propane Stocks - Energy Information Administration
Even if the near-record corn crop boosts dryer demand higher than expected, or 10 percent colder weather than normal occurs, stocks should be adequate for winter ...
5. Petroleum Stocks: Causes and Effects of Lower Inventories
Energy Information Administration / Petroleum 1996: Issues and Trends 85 Stocks are needed to keep petroleum supplies moving smoothly from wellhead to ...
Hybrid Kansei-SOM model using risk management and company assessment for stock trading
Risk management and stock assessment are key methods for stock trading decisions. In this paper, we present a new stock trading method using Kansei evaluation integrated with a Self-Organizing Map model for improvement of a stock trading system. The ... Keywords: Hybrid intelligent trading system, Investment risk, Kansei evaluation, Risk management, Self-Organizing Map, Stock trading system
Hai V. Pham, Eric W. Cooper, Thang Cao, Katsuari Kamei
Recent Trends in Crude Oil Stock Levels
J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J 0 280 300 320 340 360 380 400 420 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 Average Range: 1993-1995 Recent Trends in Crude Oil Stock Levels by Aileen A. Bohn Energy Information Administration (EIA) data for March 1996 primary inventories of crude oil were the lowest recorded in almost 20 years. Crude oil inventories, which were generally on a downward trend since the beginning of 1995, fell below the average range in July 1995 and have yet to recover (Figure FE1). On September 27, 1996, crude oil stocks registered 303 million barrels, compared to a normal range of nearly 311 to 332 million barrels for September. 1 Low crude oil inventories can cause price volatility in crude oil markets. 2 When inventories are low, refiners resort to
Northern Gulf of Mexico Continental Shelf Stock
waters from 20 to 200m deep in the northern Gulf from the U.S.-Mexican border to the Florida Keys (Figure 1). Both �coastal � and �offshore � ecotypes of bottlenose dolphins occur in the Gulf of Mexico (Hersh and Duffield 1990; LeDuc and Curry 1998). The Continental Shelf Stock probably consists of a mixture of both the coastal and offshore ecotypes. The offshore and coastal ecotypes are genetically distinct using both mitochondrial and nuclear markers (Hoelzel et al. 1998). In the northwestern Atlantic, Torres et al. (2003) found a statistically significant break in the distribution of the ecotypes at 34 km from shore. The offshore ecotype was found exclusively seaward of 34km and in waters deeper than 34 m. Within 7.5km of shore, all animals were of the coastal ecotype. The continental shelf is much wider in the Gulf of Mexico so these results may not apply. The continental shelf stock range may extend into Mexican and Cuban territorial waters; however, there are no available estimates of either abundance or mortality from those countries. A stranded dolphin from the Florida Panhandle was rehabilitated and released over the shelf off western Florida, and traveled into the Atlantic Ocean (Wells et al. 1999). The bottlenose dolphins inhabiting waters <20m deep in
Bottlenose Dolphin (tursiops Truncatus Truncatus
Bio-char sequestration in terrestrial ecosystems�a review
Abstract. The application of bio-char (charcoal or biomass-derived black carbon (C)) to soil is proposed as a novel approach to establish a significant, long-term, sink for atmospheric carbon dioxide in terrestrial ecosystems. Apart from positive effects in both reducing emissions and increasing the sequestration of greenhouse gases, the production of bio-char and its application to soil will deliver immediate benefits through improved soil fertility and increased crop production. Conversion of biomass C to bio-char C leads to sequestration of about 50 % of the initial C compared to the low amounts retained after burning (3%) and biological decomposition (bio-char is highly dependent on the type of feedstock, but is not significantly affected by the pyrolysis temperature (within 350�500 ? C common for pyrolysis). Existing slash-andburn systems cause significant degradation of soil and release of greenhouse gases and opportunies may exist to enhance this system by conversion to slash-and-char systems. Our global analysis revealed that up to 12 % of the total anthropogenic C emissions by land use change (0.21 Pg C) can be off-set annually in soil, if slash-and-burn is replaced by slash-and-char. Agricultural and forestry wastes such as forest residues, mill residues, field crop residues, or urban wastes add a conservatively estimated
Johannes Lehmann; John Gaunt; Marco Rondon
Paper Millionaires: How Valuable is Stock to a Stockholder Who is Restricted from Selling it?
this is because taking additional stock market risk helpsrisk of the restricted stock by taking o?setting positionsuse his illiquid stock as collateral for taking a net short
Kahl, Matthias; Liu, Jun; Longstaff, Francis A
U.S. Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico Marine Mammal Stock Assessments -2012
iv U.S. Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico Marine Mammal Stock Assessments - 2012 Volume 1 Gordon T Atlantic Stock __________________________________104 Gulf Of Mexico Cetacean Species Sperm Whale (Physeter macrocephalus): Northern Gulf of Mexico Stock _______________________________112 Bryde's Whale (Balaenoptera
Table 2. U.S. Biodiesel Production, Sales, and Stocks
U.S. Biodiesel Production, Sales, and Stocks U.S. Biodiesel Production, Sales, and Stocks (million gallons) Period 2011 January 35 22 9 17 4 February 40 27 13 17 1 March 60 41 17 19 2 April 71 47 22 21 2 May 77 50 27 23 2 June 81 62 24 19 (4)
Uranium Stocks in Slovenia for Nuclear Power Author: Matic Suhodolcan
Seminar Uranium Stocks in Slovenia for Nuclear Power Plant NEK Author: Matic Suhodolcan Supervisor and that reopening would make sense. We try to calculate the years of operating NEK only with uranium ore for reprocessing fuel. #12;Uranium Stocks in Slovenia for Slovenian Nuclear Power Plant NEK Matic Suhodolcan FMF 2
Prosen, Toma�?
Time Series Analysis and Forecasting in Stock Market Investments
Time Series Analysis and Forecasting in Stock Market Investments Ted Chi-Wei Fung Department and forecasting have been used as methods to help precisely on the task of stock market prediction by using past data. This paper will discuss three different models to create a time series analysis and forecast
Zanibbi, Richard
Method for identifying anomalous terrestrial heat flows
DOE Patents (OSTI)
A method for locating and mapping the magnitude and extent of terrestrial heat-flow anomalies from 5 to 50 times average with a tenfold improved sensitivity over orthodox applications of aerial temperature-sensing surveys as used for geothermal reconnaissance. The method remotely senses surface temperature anomalies such as occur from geothermal resources or oxidizing ore bodies by: measuring the spectral, spatial, statistical, thermal, and temporal features characterizing infrared radiation emitted by natural terrestrial surfaces; deriving from these measurements the true surface temperature with uncertainties as small as 0.05 to 0.5 K; removing effects related to natural temperature variations of topographic, hydrologic, or meteoric origin, the surface composition, detector noise, and atmospheric conditions; factoring out the ambient normal-surface temperature for non-thermally enhanced areas surveyed under otherwise identical environmental conditions; distinguishing significant residual temperature enhancements characteristic of anomalous heat flows and mapping the extent and magnitude of anomalous heat flows where they occur.
Del Grande, Nancy Kerr (San Leandro, CA)
Value-Added Stock Loan Participation Program | Department of Energy
Value-Added Stock Loan Participation Program Value-Added Stock Loan Participation Program Value-Added Stock Loan Participation Program < Back Eligibility Agricultural Savings Category Bioenergy Solar Buying & Making Electricity Wind Maximum Rebate RFA provides up to 45% of the loan up to $40,000 of loan principal Program Info Start Date 1994 State Minnesota Program Type State Loan Program Provider Minnesota Department of Agriculture The Value-Added Stock Loan Participation Program was created in 1994 and is designed to help farmers finance the purchase of stock in certain types of cooperative, limited liability company, or limited liability partnership that will produce a "value-added agricultural product." This may include wind energy and anaerobic-digestion cooperatives if they meet the
5 5 Notes: Stocks are important in the Northeast because they are the nearest source of supply when anything unexpected occurs, and they supply a significant portion of demand during the peak heating season. Stocks are normally an important part of East Coast winter distillate supply. Over the last 10 years, they provided about 15% of supply during the peak winter months of January and February. One of the biggest stock draws we have seen was in January 1994, when a prolonged severe cold spell required 666,000 barrels per day of stocks, covering almost 36% of demand for that month. On average, stocks supply the East Coast with about 260,000 barrels per day on average in January and 280,000 barrels per day in February. Those supplies represent draws of about 8 million barrels in one month.
8 8 Notes: Why do stocks matter in the Northeast? They are the nearest source of supply when anything unexpected occurs, and they supply a significant portion of demand during the peak heating season. Stocks are normally an important part of PADD 1 winter distillate supply. Over the last 10 years, they provided about 15% of supply during the peak winter months of January and February. One of the biggest stock draws we have seen was in January 1994, when a prolonged severe cold spell required 666 MB/D of stocks, covering almost 36% of demand for that month. Stocks supply the East Coast with about 260 MB/D on average in January and 280 MB/D in February. Those supplies represent draws of about 8 million barrels in one month. PADD 1 refineries meet about 25% of demand during January and
The weather alone was not enough to cause the price spike. The low The weather alone was not enough to cause the price spike. The low stocks left the area vulnerable to sudden changes in the market, such as the weather change. Why do stocks matter in the Northeast? Stocks are normally an important part of PADD 1 winter distillate supply. Over the last 5 years, PADD 1 stocks provided about 15% of supply during the peak winter months of January and February. They are the closest source of supply to the consumer. PADD 1 depends on about 60% of its supply from distant sources such as the Gulf Coast or imports, which can take several weeks to travel to the Northeast. Even product from East Coast refineries, if capacity is available, may take a week before it is produced and delivered to the regions needing new supply. Thus, stocks must be able
Stocks are normally an important part of East Coast winter Stocks are normally an important part of East Coast winter distillate supply, since they are the nearest source when anything unexpected occurs, and they supply a significant portion of demand during the peak heating season. Over the last 10 years, stocks have provided about 15% of supply during the peak winter months of January and February. On average, stocks supply the East Coast with about 260 thousand barrels per day in January and 280 in February. Those supplies represent draws of about 8 million barrels in one month. In addition, East Coast refineries meet about 25% of demand during January and February, and other regions -- mostly the Gulf Coast -- supply 40-50% of the region's needs. Imports generally supply about as much as stocks during the peak
Recovery May Require Holding Stocks Level in February and March
have dropped back as new supplies are appearing, but we still have dropped back as new supplies are appearing, but we still have nearly a month of winter ahead of us. Stocks cannot drop much farther. February 4 stock levels were just above the lowest month-end levels ever seen for PADD 1, which occurred in April 1996. For stocks to recover to the low end of the normal range, they would have to stay level in February in March, when normally they would be used to meet demand. Keeping stocks level would require finding supply to substitute for the average stock drops of 290 thousand barrels per day (8 million barrels) in February and 210 thousand barrels per day (6 million barrels) in March. If all of that supply were to come from imports, we would have to see distillate imports into PADD 1 double from their average levels of 7
Terrestrial biogeochemical feedbacks in the climate system: from past to future
The terrestrial biosphere plays a major role in the regulation of atmospheric composition, and hence climate, through multiple interlinked biogeochemical cycles (BGC). Ice-core and other palaeoenvironmental records show a fast response of vegetation cover and exchanges with the atmosphere to past climate change, although the phasing of these responses reflects spatial patterning and complex interactions between individual biospheric feedbacks. Modern observations show a similar responsiveness of terrestrial biogeochemical cycles to anthropogenically-forced climate changes and air pollution, with equally complex feedbacks. For future conditions, although carbon cycle-climate interactions have been a major focus, other BGC feedbacks could be as important in modulating climate changes. The additional radiative forcing from terrestrial BGC feedbacks other than those conventionally attributed to the carbon cycle is in the range of 0.6 to 1.6 Wm{sup -2}; all taken together we estimate a possible maximum of around 3 Wm{sup -2} towards the end of the 21st century. There are large uncertainties associated with these estimates but, given that the majority of BGC feedbacks result in a positive forcing because of the fundamental link between metabolic stimulation and increasing temperature, improved quantification of these feedbacks and their incorporation in earth system models is necessary in order to develop coherent plans to manage ecosystems for climate mitigation.
Arneth, A.; Harrison, S. P.; Zaehle, S.; Tsigaridis, K; Menon, S; Bartlein, P.J.; Feichter, J; Korhola, A; Kulmala, M; O'Donnell, D; Schurgers, G; Sorvari, S; Vesala, T
BOTTLENOSE DOLPHIN (Tursiops truncatus): Northern Gulf of Mexico Oceanic Stock
Thirty-eight stocks have been provisionally identified for Gulf of Mexico bottlenose dolphins (Waring et al. 2001). Gulf of Mexico inshore habitat has been separated into 33 bay, sound and estuarine stocks. Three northern Gulf of Mexico coastal stocks include nearshore waters from the shore to the 20 m isobath. The continental shelf stock encompasses waters from 20 to 200 m deep. The Gulf of Mexico oceanic stock encompasses the waters from the 200 m isobath to the seaward extent of the U.S. Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ; Figure 1). Both �coastal/nearshore � and �offshore � ecotypes of bottlenose dolphins (Hersh and Duffield 1990) occur in the Gulf of Mexico (LeDuc and Curry 1998). The offshore and nearshore ecotypes are genetically distinct using both mitochondrial and nuclear markers (Hoelzel et al. 1998). In the northwestern Atlantic, Torres et al. (2003) found a statistically significant break in the distribution of the ecotypes at 34 km from shore. The offshore ecotype was found exclusively seaward of 34 km and in waters deeper than 34 m. Within 7.5 km of shore, all animals were of the coastal ecotype. If the distribution of ecotypes found by Torres et al. (2003) is similar in the northern Gulf of Mexico, the oceanic stock consists of the offshore ecoptype. Based on research currently being conducted on bottlenose dolphins in the Gulf of Mexico, as well as the western North Atlantic Ocean, the structure of these stocks is uncertain, but appears to be complex. The multi-disciplinary research programs conducted over the last two decades (e.g., Wells 1994) are beginning to shed light on stock structures of bottlenose dolphins, though additional analyses are needed before stock structures can be elaborated on in the Gulf of Mexico. As research is completed, it may be necessary to revise all the stocks of bottlenose dolphins in the Gulf of Mexico. POPULATION SIZE Estimates of abundance were derived through the application of distance sampling
Stock Definition; Geographic Range
U.S. Propane Total Stocks
9 9 Notes: U.S. inventories of propane benefited from a late pre-season build that pushed inventories to over 65 million barrels by early November 2000, the second highest peak pre-heating season level since 1986. Although propane inventories were expected to remain within the normal range for the duration of the 2000-01 heating season, cold weather in November and December, along with recently high natural gas prices that discouraged propane production from gas processing, resulted in stocks falling below the normal range by the end of December. However, if the weather remains seasonally normal, and the recent decline in natural gas prices holds, EIA expects the propane inventory drawdown to slow. This is reflected in the data for January 19, which showed a draw of only 2.1 million barrels, compared to more than twice that
A Quantum-like Approach to the Stock Market
Modern approaches to stock pricing in quantitative finance are typically founded on the 'Black-Scholes model' and the underlying 'random walk hypothesis'. Empirical data indicate that this hypothesis works well in stable situations but, in abrupt transitions such as during an economical crisis, the random walk model fails and alternative descriptions are needed. For this reason, several proposals have been recently forwarded which are based on the formalism of quantum mechanics. In this paper we apply the 'SCoP formalism', elaborated to provide an operational foundation of quantum mechanics, to the stock market. We argue that a stock market is an intrinsically contextual system where agents' decisions globally influence the market system and stocks prices, determining a nonclassical behavior. More specifically, we maintain that a given stock does not generally have a definite value, e.g., a price, but its value is actualized as a consequence of the contextual interactions in the trading process. This contextual influence is responsible of the non-Kolmogorovian quantum-like behavior of the market at a statistical level. Then, we propose a 'sphere model' within our 'hidden measurement formalism' that describes a buying/selling process of a stock and shows that it is intuitively reasonable to assume that the stock has not a definite price until it is traded. This result is relevant in our opinion since it provides a theoretical support to the use of quantum models in finance.
Diederik Aerts; Bart D'Hooghe; Sandro Sozzo
Impaired fertility in T-stock female mice after superovulation
Superovulation of female mice with exogenous gonadotrophins is routinely used for increasing the number of eggs ovulated by each female in reproductive and developmental studies. We report an unusual effect of superovulation on fertilization in mice. In vivo matings of superovulated T-stock females with B6C3F1 males resulted in a 2-fold reduction (Pstock females had reached the metaphase stage of the first cleavage division versus 87% in B6C3F1 females (P stock males did not improve the reproductive performance of T-stock females. To investigate the possible cause(s) for the impaired fertilization and zygotic development, the experiments were repeated using in vitro fertilization. Under these conditions, the frequencies of fertilized eggs were not different in superovulated T-stock and B6C3F1 females (51.7% {+-} 6.0 and 64.5% {+-}3.8, P=0.10). There was a 7-fold increase in the frequencies of fertilized T-stock eggs that completed the first cell cycle of development after in vitro versus in vivo fertilization. These results rule out an intrinsic deficiency of the T-stock oocyte as the main reason for the impaired fertility after in vivo matings and suggest that superovulation of T-stock females induces a hostile oviductal and uterine environment with dramatic effects on fertilization and zygotic development.
Wyrobek, A J; Bishop, J B; Marchetti, F; Zudova, D
Trading Puts and CDS on Stocks with Short Sale Ban
We focus on the short sale ban of 2008 to examine the interaction between price discovery in banned stocks and the trading of options and CDS. Within the sample of banned stocks with exchange traded options, stocks whose put-call ratios are in the top quintile underperform the middle group by 1.56 % and 2.84%, respectively, over the next two- and five-day returns. By contrast, the bottom quintile does not perform differently from the middle group. Within the sample of banned stocks with CDS traded and using their one-day percentage change in CDS spreads as a signal, we find cross-sectional predictability CDS signal for future stock returns. Again, the predictability is asymmetric, driven mostly by stocks with more positive percentage change in CDS spreads, and therefore more negative information according to the CDS market. Overall, our results confirm that in the presence of short sale ban, it takes time for the negative information contained in either the options market or the CDS market to get incorporated into stock prices.
Sophie Xiaoyan Ni; Jun Pan
Does stock market volatility with regime shifts signal the business cycle in Taiwan?
Using a Switching Regime ARCH (SWARCH) model and other time series models, this paper sets out to investigate the volatility of Taiwan's monthly stock market returns, with the empirical results demonstrating that our SWARCH-L specification ... Keywords: Markov switching, Taiwan, business cycle, e-finance, electronic finance, regime shifts, stock market volatility, stock markets, stock volatility
Yih-Wen Shyu; Kuangyu Hsia
Design and implementation of fuzzy expert system for Tehran Stock Exchange portfolio recommendation
The key issue for decision making in stock trading is selection of the right stock at the right time. In order to select the superior stocks (alternatives) for investment, a finite number of alternatives have to be ranked considering several and sometimes ... Keywords: Fuzzy Delphi Method, Fuzzy expert system, Multiple Criteria Decision Making (MCDM), Portfolio recommendation, Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE)
Mehdi Fasanghari; Gholam Ali Montazer
The stock index forecast based on dynamic recurrent neural network trained with GA
neural networks applied in forecasting stock price, at present, the most widely used neural network is BPThe stock index forecast based on dynamic recurrent neural network trained with GA Fang Yixian1In order to forecast the stock market more accurately, according to the dynamic property for the stock
Why sequence archaea in a terrestrial subsurface aquifer?
genome sequencing. Principal Investigators: Wen-Tso Liu, University of Illinois Program: CSP 2011 Home > Sequencing > Why sequence archaea in a terrestrial subsurface aquifer...
U.S. Biodiesel Production, Sales, and Stocks" U.S. Biodiesel Production, Sales, and Stocks" "(million gallons)" "Period","B100 Production",,"Sales of B100",,"Sales of B100 Included in Biodiesel Blends",,"Ending Stocks of B100",,"B100 Stock Change" 2011 "January",35.355469,,21.760435,,9.397668,,16.705962,,3.900173 "February",40.342355,,27.263997,,13.027514,,17.367083,,0.661121 "March",59.59017,,40.879532,,16.804541,,19.178192,,1.811109 "April",71.0517,,47.320311,,21.819273,,21.000047,,1.821855 "May",77.196652,,49.520679,,27.20637,,23.448551,,2.448504 "June",81.39104,,61.776718,,23.965853,,19.302451,,-4.1461 "July",91.679738,,65.997152,,22.388332,,22.956565,,3.654114
The More Important Price Indicator This Year is Low Stocks
6 of 6 6 of 6 Notes: Crude prices this year at the beginning of the second quarter are likely to be higher -- not lower -- as a result of the current shortfall in crude oil production relative to demand on top of low stocks. OECD stocks of crude oil and products plunged steeply in 1999. By year end, they were below the low levels at end December 1996 -- OPEC's stated target. This does not take into consideration the growth in demand that these stocks must help supply. EIA expects OECD stocks to stay very low throughout the year 2000. The projection shows end March levels remain well below those seen at the end of the first quarter 1996. The build during the summer will not be adequate to make up for the draws, resulting in a net draw of over 300 thousand barrels in an already tight market.
An Internet multicast system for the stock market
We are moving toward an international, 24-hour, distributed, electronic stock exchange. The exchange will use the global Internet, or internet technology. This system is a natural application of multicast because there are a large number of receivers ... Keywords: multicast
Comparing Wealth Effects: The Stock Market versus the Housing Market
MAREKET VERSUS THE HOUSING MARKET By Karl E. Case John M.Article ? Comparing Wealth E?ects: The Stock Market versusthe Housing Market Karl E. Case ? John M. Quigley � Robert
Case, Karl E.; Quigley, John M.; Shiller, Robert J.
7 7 Notes: Stocks are normally an important part of East Coast winter distillate supply, since they are the nearest source when anything unexpected occurs, and they supply a significant portion of demand during the peak heating season. Over the last 10 years, stocks have provided about 15% of supply during the peak winter months of January and February. On average, stocks supply the East Coast with about 260 MB/D in January and 280 MB/D in February. Those supplies represent draws of about 8 million barrels in one month. In addition, East Coast refineries meet about 25% of demand during January and February, and other regions -- mostly the Gulf Coast -- supply 40-50% of the region's needs. Imports generally supply about as much as stocks during the peak months,
6 6 Notes: Stocks are normally an important part of East Coast winter distillate supply, since they are the nearest source when anything unexpected occurs, and they supply a significant portion of demand during the peak heating season. Over the last 10 years, stocks have provided about 15% of supply during the peak winter months of January and February. On average, stocks supply the East Coast with about 260 thousand barrels per day in January and 280 in February. Those supplies represent draws of about 8 million barrels in one month. In addition, East Coast refineries meet about 25% of demand during January and February, and other regions -- mostly the Gulf Coast -- supply 40-50% of the region's needs. Imports generally supply about as much as stocks during the peak
PADD 1 (East Coast) Heating Oil Stocks Low
5 5 Notes: The East Coast (PADD 1) is the primary heating oil region, and it depends heavily on production from the Gulf Coast (PADD 3) as well. The biggest decline in U.S. stocks has taken place in the heating oil markets of PADD 1 (East Coast), which consumed 86 percent of the nations heating oil in 1998. It also is the region with the largest volume of heating oil stocks. PADD 1 was down over 8.4 million barrels on January 21 from the 5-year average stock level for end of January PADD 3, which supplies PADD 1, was down 4.6 million barrels from its 5-year January ending levels. During the week ending January 21, weather in New England was nearly 20% colder than normal for this time of year. This cold weather on top of low stocks was pushing prices up, with
NIST 2003 Stock Study of Malcolm Baldrige National Quality ...
... Stock Purchases. December 1, 2003 Close. Price, $ Invested, Price, $ Value, % Change. 1/3/94. Eastman Chemical. 45.125. 1000.00. 36.92. 818.17 ...
PADD 3 Stocks of Crude Oil and Petroleum Products
Stocks of Propane/Propylene - Energy Information Administration
East Coast (PADD 1) Normal Butane-Butylene Stock Change ...
East Coast (PADD 1) Normal Butane-Butylene Stock Change (Thousand Barrels per Day) Year Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec; 1981: 4-3: 1: ...
Midwest (PADD 2) Normal Butane-Butylene Stock Change (Thousand ...
Midwest (PADD 2) Normal Butane-Butylene Stock Change (Thousand Barrels per Day) Year Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec; 1981-4-34-7: 14: ...
... PADD 1 stocks provided about 15% of supply during the peak winter months of January and ... the Northeast saw the unusual heating oil and diesel price surges as a ...
areas for a time, requiring unusual movement of stock from other areas. As buyers search for product, they bid prices up rapidly, which attracts product, but the time lag can...
9 9 Notes: Stocks are normally an important part of East Coast winter distillate supply, since they are the nearest source when anything unexpected occurs, and they supply a significant portion of demand during the peak heating season. Over the last 10 years, stocks have provided about 15% of supply during the peak winter months of January and February. On average, stocks supply the East Coast with about 260 thousand barrels per day in January and 280 in February. Those supplies represent draws of about 8 million barrels in one month. In addition, East Coast refineries meet about 25% of demand during January and February, and other regions -- mostly the Gulf Coast -- supply 40-50% of the region's needs. Imports generally supply about as much as stocks during the peak
U.S. Ending Stocks of Petroleum Coke (Thousand Barrels)
U.S. Ending Stocks of Petroleum Coke (Thousand Barrels) Decade Year-0 Year-1 Year-2 Year-3 Year-4 Year-5 Year-6 Year-7 Year-8 Year-9; 1980's: 4,502: ...
U.S. Petroleum Coke Stocks at Refineries (Thousand Barrels)
U.S. Petroleum Coke Stocks at Refineries (Thousand Barrels) Year Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec; 1993: 10,747: 11,072: 11,444: ...
Advanced Stirling conversion systems for terrestrial applications
Sandia National Laboratories (SNLA) is developing heat engines for terrestrial Solar distributed Heat Receivers. SNLA has identified the Stirling to be one of the most promising candidates for the terrestrial applications. The free-piston Stirling engine (FPSE) has the potential to meet the DOE goals for both performance and cost. Free-piston Stirling activities which are directed toward a dynamic power source for the space application are being conducted. Space power system requirements include high efficiency, very long life, high reliability and low vibration. The FPSE has the potential for future high power space conversion systems, either solar or nuclear powered. Generic free-piston technology is currently being developed for use with a residential heat pump under an Interagency Agreement. Also, an overview is presented of proposed conceptual designs for the Advanced Stirling Conversion System (ASCS) using a free-piston Stirling engine and a liquid metal heat pipe receiver. Power extraction includes both a linear alternator and hydraulic output capable of delivering approximately 25 kW of electrical power to the electric utility grid. Target cost of the engine/alternator is 300 dollars per kilowatt at a manufacturing rate of 10,000 units per year. The design life of the ASCS is 60,000 h (30 y) with an engine overhaul at 40,000 h (20 y). Also discussed are the key features and characteristics of the ASCS conceptual designs.
Shaltens, R.K.
The Neftemash closed joint-stock company
The Neftemash closed joint-stock company was created from the VNIIneftemash Scientific Production Association in the privatization process in the country. Members of the Neftemash Co. are listed. This group of members determined the basic activities of the Neftemash Co. as a multifunctional scientific production complex for designing and manufacturing modern equipment for oil and gas production and refining. By having highly qualified specialists, modern enterprises, test experience, and production capacity, this company is the leading organization in Russia and the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) for supplying oil and gas enterprises with petroleum equipment. The Neftemash Co. designs and produces drilling, geological prospecting, and petroleum production equipment and instrumentation. It designs oil and gas refining equipment and petrochemical equipment, equipment for processing coal and liquid fuels, including integrated automated production lines. It does fundamental and applied research in materials science, welding, and corrosion protection for oil and gas production and refining equipment. It designs ecologically safe equipment complexes for drilling wells and refining oil and gas. To a significant extent the petroleum industry in Russia was developed from the activity of the All-Union Scientific Research, Design, and Construction Institute for Petroleum Machinery. Equipment designed by the institute was used to explore, develop, and exploit oil and gas fields of western Siberia, the far north, and other petroleum regions of the country.
Umanchik, N.P.
Genetic Stock Identification, Annual Report of Research 1986.
The results of the first year's investigation of a 5-year plan to demonstrate and develop a coastwide genetic stock identification (GSI) program are presented. The accomplishments under four specific objectives are outlined below: 1. Improved Efficiency through Direct Entry of Electrophoretic Data into the Computer. A program is described that was developed for direct computer entry o f raw data. This program eliminated the need for key- to-tape processing previously required for estimating compositions of mixed fisheries, and thereby permits immediate use of collected data in estimating compositions of stock mixtures. 2. Expand and Strengthen Oregon Coastal and British Columbia Baseline Data Set. Electrophoretic screening of approximately 105 loci of samples from 22 stocks resulted in complete data sets for 35 polymorphic and 19 monomorphic loci. These new data are part of the baseline information currently used in estimating mixed stock compositions. 3. Conduct a Pilot GSI Study of Mixed Stock Canadian Troll Fisheries off the West Coast of Vancouver Island. A predominance of lower Columbia River (fall run), Canadian, and Puget Sound stocks was observed for both 1984 and 1985 fisheries . Stocks other than Columbia River, Canadian, and Puget Sound contributed an estimated 13 and 5 % respectively, to the 1984 and 1985 fisheries . 4. Validation of GSI for Estimating Mixed Fishery Stock Composition. Baseline data from the Columbia River southward were used to simulate nor them and central California fisheries . These simulations provided estimates of accuracy and precision for mixed sample sizes ranging from 250 to 1,000 individuals. Sacramento River stocks had a heavier weighting in the central (89%) than in the northern (25%) fishery. Accuracy and precision increased for both fisheries as sample sizes increased and also were better for those estimates that were over 5%. Extrapolations from these estimates indicated that sample sizes of 2,320 and 2,869 would be required to fulfill coefficients of variation (SD/estimated contribution) of 20% with respective confidence intervals of 80 and 95% in stock groupings of the northern fishery. Similarly, sample sizes of 2,450 and 3,030 would be required in the central fishery. A concluding section noted that these investigations are part of an effort involving many agencies. The requirements for simulation preceding actual sampling of stock mixtures and for continued monitoring and development of baseline data sets were emphasized.
Milner, George B.
Superovulation of female mice with exogenous gonadotrophins is routinely used for increasing the number of eggs ovulated by each female in reproductive and developmental studies. We report an unusual effect of superovulation on fertilization in mice. In vivo matings of superovulated T-stock females with B6C3F1 males resulted in a 2-fold reduction (P<0.001) in the frequencies of fertilized eggs compared to control B6C3F1 matings. In addition, {approx}22 hr after mating only 15% of fertilized eggs recovered in T-stock females had reached the metaphase stage of the first cleavage division versus 87% in B6C3F1 females (P < 0.0001). Matings with T-stock males did not improve the reproductive performance of T-stock females. To investigate the possible cause(s) for the impaired fertilization and zygotic development, the experiments were repeated using in vitro fertilization. Under these conditions, the frequencies of fertilized eggs were not different in superovulated T-stock and B6C3F1 females (51.7% {+-} 6.0 and 64.5% {+-}3.8, P=0.10). There was a 7-fold increase in the frequencies of fertilized T-stock eggs that completed the first cell cycle of development after in vitro versus in vivo fertilization. These results rule out an intrinsic deficiency of the T-stock oocyte as the main reason for the impaired fertility after in vivo matings and suggest that superovulation of T-stock females induces a hostile oviductal and uterine environment with dramatic effects on fertilization and zygotic development.
Long-run models of oil stock prices
The identification of the forces that drive oil stock prices is extremely important given the size of the Oil & Gas industry and its links with the energy sector and the environment. In the next decade oil companies will have to deal with international ... Keywords: C32, Cointegration, Energy, Environment, Hydrocarbon fuels, L71, Non-renewable resources, Oil companies, Oil stock prices, Q30, Q40, Vector error correction models
Alessandro Lanza; Matteo Manera; Margherita Grasso; Massimo Giovannini
Biologically Enhanced Carbon Sequestration: Research Needs and Opportunities
Fossil fuel combustion, deforestation, and biomass burning are the dominant contributors to increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO{sub 2}) concentrations and global warming. Many approaches to mitigating CO{sub 2} emissions are being pursued, and among the most promising are terrestrial and geologic carbon sequestration. Recent advances in ecology and microbial biology offer promising new possibilities for enhancing terrestrial and geologic carbon sequestration. A workshop was held October 29, 2007, at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) on Biologically Enhanced Carbon Sequestration (BECS). The workshop participants (approximately 30 scientists from California, Illinois, Oregon, Montana, and New Mexico) developed a prioritized list of research needed to make progress in the development of biological enhancements to improve terrestrial and geologic carbon sequestration. The workshop participants also identified a number of areas of supporting science that are critical to making progress in the fundamental research areas. The purpose of this position paper is to summarize and elaborate upon the findings of the workshop. The paper considers terrestrial and geologic carbon sequestration separately. First, we present a summary in outline form of the research roadmaps for terrestrial and geologic BECS. This outline is elaborated upon in the narrative sections that follow. The narrative sections start with the focused research priorities in each area followed by critical supporting science for biological enhancements as prioritized during the workshop. Finally, Table 1 summarizes the potential significance or 'materiality' of advances in these areas for reducing net greenhouse gas emissions.
Oldenburg, Curtis; Oldenburg, Curtis M.; Torn, Margaret S.
NPP and the Global Carbon Cycle
the Global Carbon Cycle the Global Carbon Cycle Introduction Photosynthetic carbon fixation comprises a major component of the global carbon cycle. Data on net primary productivity (NPP) may be sparse, but a consistent NPP data set may be used to calibrate, parameterize and evaluate models of terrestrial carbon cycling, as well as for validation of remote sensing data and other applications (identifying trends, investigating biogeochemical processes, etc.). It is also useful to place such data within the context of carbon cycling and carbon storage worldwide. For example: How much carbon exists in the biosphere, and where exactly is it stored? How much is in fossil fuels (coal, oil, gas), and how large are current fossil-fuel emissions? How much is in living biomass (plants/ animals/ humans)?
China-US Collaborative Research on Life in Terrestrial
Symposium: China-US Collaborative Research on Life in Terrestrial Geothermal Springs Information, Agenda, and Abstracts June 26-28, 2013, Kunming, China #12;Symposium: China-US Collaborative Research on Life in Terrestrial Geothermal Springs Kunming, China June 26-28, 2013 Information, Agenda
Ahmad, Sajjad
Quality assessment of GPS reprocessed terrestrial reference frame
The International GNSS Service (IGS) contributes to the construction of the International Terrestrial Reference Frame (ITRF) by submitting time series of station positions and Earth Rotation Parameters (ERP). For the first time, its submission to the ... Keywords: GNSS, Geocenter motion, Loading, Systematic errors, Terrestrial reference frames
Xavier Collilieux; Laurent M�tivier; Zuheir Altamimi; Tonie Dam; Jim Ray
Generation of a Consistent Terrestrial Net Primary Production Data Set
Generation of a Consistent Terrestrial Net Generation of a Consistent Terrestrial Net Primary Production Data Set Final Report NASA Reference Number TE/99-0005 May 3, 2001 Richard J. Olson and Jonathan M. O. Scurlock Environmental Sciences Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6407 This project, "Generation of a Consistent Terrestrial Net Primary Production Data Set", is a coordinated, international effort to compile global estimates of terrestrial net primary productivity (NPP) for parameterization, calibration, and validation of NPP models. The project (NASA Reference Number TE/99-0005) was funded by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Office of Earth Science, Terrestrial Ecology Program under Interagency Agreement number 2013-M164-A1, under
Webinar-Terrestrial Solar Spectral Modeling for Renewable Energy: SMARTS
Webinar-Terrestrial Solar Spectral Modeling for Renewable Energy: SMARTS Webinar-Terrestrial Solar Spectral Modeling for Renewable Energy: SMARTS Model Jump to: navigation, search Tool Summary Name: Webinar-Terrestrial Solar Spectral Modeling for Renewable Energy: SMARTS Model Agency/Company /Organization: National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Centro de Energías Renovables (CER), United States Department of Energy Sector: Energy Focus Area: Solar Resource Type: Software/modeling tools, Webinar, Training materials References: Webinar-Terrestrial Solar Spectral Modeling for Renewable Energy: SMARTS Model[1] Logo: Webinar-Terrestrial Solar Spectral Modeling for Renewable Energy: SMARTS Model Webinar Video SMARTSwebinar.JPG Announcement " Monday, December 6, 2010 11-12 a.m. Golden, CO 1-2 p.m., Washington, D.C. 3-4 p.m., Santiago, Chile
Continuous, Non-Invasive, In-Field Soil Carbon Scanning System
Continuous, non-invasive, in-Field soil Continuous, non-invasive, in-Field soil Carbon sCanning system Background Vegetation and soils serve as carbon storage sinks for the approximately 2 billion tons of carbon absorbed annually by the global biosphere. While global warming is promoted by anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emissions into the atmosphere, it is partially mitigated by carbon sequestration in the terrestrial ecosystem. However, a better understanding and monitoring of the underground carbon processes is necessary for evaluating various strategies for terrestrial carbon sequestration and quantification of the carbon stores for carbon credits. Description Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) has developed a multi-elemental scanning instrument for determining carbon analysis in soil. The method is based on inelastic
The Effects of Different Climate Input Datasets on Simulated Carbon Dynamics in the Western Arctic
As part of the Western Arctic Linkage Experiment (WALE), simulations of carbon dynamics in the western Arctic (WALE region) were conducted during two recent decades by driving the Terrestrial Ecosystem Model (TEM) with three alternative climate ...
Joy Clein; A. David McGuire; Eugenie S. Euskirchen; Monika Calef
Responses of primary production and total carbon storage to changes in climate and atmospheric CO? concentration
The authors used the terrestrial ecosystem model (TEM, version 4.0) to estimate global responses of annual net primary production (NPP) and total carbon storage to changes in climate and atmospheric CO2, driven by the ...
Xiao, Xiangming.; Kicklighter, David W.; Melillo, Jerry M.; McGuire, A. David.; Stone, Peter H.; Sokolov, Andrei P.
"ENDING STOCKS OF CRUDE OIL (excluding SPR)"
ENDING STOCKS OF CRUDE OIL (excluding SPR)" ENDING STOCKS OF CRUDE OIL (excluding SPR)" "Sourcekey","WCESTP11","WCESTP11","WCESTP21","WCESTP21","WCESTP31","WCESTP31","WCESTP41","WCESTP41","WCESTP51","WCESTP51","WCESTUS1","WCESTUS1" "Date","Weekly East Coast (PADD 1) Ending Stocks excluding SPR of Crude Oil (Thousand Barrels)","Weekly East Coast (PADD 1) Ending Stocks excluding SPR of Crude Oil (Thousand Barrels)","Weekly Midwest (PADD 2) Ending Stocks excluding SPR of Crude Oil (Thousand Barrels)","Weekly Midwest (PADD 2) Ending Stocks excluding SPR of Crude Oil (Thousand Barrels)","Weekly Gulf Coast (PADD 3) Ending Stocks excluding SPR of Crude Oil (Thousand Barrels)","Weekly Gulf Coast (PADD 3) Ending Stocks excluding SPR of Crude Oil (Thousand Barrels)","Weekly Rocky Mountain (PADD 4) Ending Stocks excluding SPR of Crude Oil (Thousand Barrels)","Weekly Rocky Mountain (PADD 4) Ending Stocks excluding SPR of Crude Oil (Thousand Barrels)","Weekly West Coast (PADD 5) Ending Stocks excluding SPR of Crude Oil (Thousand Barrels)","Weekly West Coast (PADD 5) Ending Stocks excluding SPR of Crude Oil (Thousand Barrels)","Weekly U.S. Ending Stocks excluding SPR of Crude Oil (Thousand Barrels)","Weekly U.S. Ending Stocks excluding SPR of Crude Oil (Thousand Barrels)"
Continuous, Non-Invasive, In-Field Soil Continuous, Non-Invasive, In-Field Soil Carbon Scanning System Background Earth generates and emits an enormous amount of carbon dioxide into the atmos- phere from its deep energy resources, its near-surface processes, and biotic activi- ties. Although anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions increase global warming, global warming is also alleviated by human activities in sequestering carbon into the terrestrial ecosystem and injecting carbon dioxide deep into geological formations,
The Impact of the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 on Electric Utilities and Coal Mines: Evidence from the Stock Market
In contrast, stock prices of coal mining companiesstudied. depress stock prices of several Eastern coal miningIn contrast, stock prices of practically all 12 coal mining
Kahn, Shulamit; Knittel, Christopher R.
A hierarchical analysis of terrestrial ecosystem model Biome-BGC: Equilibrium analysis and model calibration
The increasing complexity of ecosystem models represents a major difficulty in tuning model parameters and analyzing simulated results. To address this problem, this study develops a hierarchical scheme that simplifies the Biome-BGC model into three functionally cascaded tiers and analyzes them sequentially. The first-tier model focuses on leaf-level ecophysiological processes; it simulates evapotranspiration and photosynthesis with prescribed leaf area index (LAI). The restriction on LAI is then lifted in the following two model tiers, which analyze how carbon and nitrogen is cycled at the whole-plant level (the second tier) and in all litter/soil pools (the third tier) to dynamically support the prescribed canopy. In particular, this study analyzes the steady state of these two model tiers by a set of equilibrium equations that are derived from Biome-BGC algorithms and are based on the principle of mass balance. Instead of spinning-up the model for thousands of climate years, these equations are able to estimate carbon/nitrogen stocks and fluxes of the target (steady-state) ecosystem directly from the results obtained by the first-tier model. The model hierarchy is examined with model experiments at four AmeriFlux sites. The results indicate that the proposed scheme can effectively calibrate Biome-BGC to simulate observed fluxes of evapotranspiration and photosynthesis; and the carbon/nitrogen stocks estimated by the equilibrium analysis approach are highly consistent with the results of model simulations. Therefore, the scheme developed in this study may serve as a practical guide to calibrate/analyze Biome-BGC; it also provides an efficient way to solve the problem of model spin-up, especially for applications over large regions. The same methodology may help analyze other similar ecosystem models as well.
Thornton, Peter E [ORNL; Wang, Weile [ORNL; Law, Beverly E. [Oregon State University; Nemani, Ramakrishna R [NASA Ames Research Center
FE Carbon Capture and Storage News | Department of Energy
January 18, 2011 January 18, 2011 DOE Manual Studies Terrestrial Carbon Sequestration There is considerable opportunity and growing technical sophistication to make terrestrial carbon sequestration both practical and effective, according to the latest carbon capture and storage "best practices" manual issued by the U.S. Department of Energy. January 11, 2011 New Roadmap Updates Status of DOE Carbon Capture and Storage RD&D Efforts An overview of research, development, and demonstration efforts to supply cost-effective, advanced carbon capture and storage technologies for coal-based power systems is the focus of a new roadmap published by the U.S. Department of Energy. January 5, 2011 DOE Best Practices Manual Focuses on Site Selection for CO2 Storage Washington, DC - The most promising methods for assessing potential carbon
Distillate Stocks are Low - Especially on the East Coast
8 8 Notes: Distillate stocks are normally built during the summer for use during the winter as shown by the normal band. Currently, stocks are very low for this time of year. This graph shows East Coast inventories, which at the end of August, were well below the normal band (over 9 million barrels or 19% below the low end of the band). The East Coast is about 31% lower than its 10-year average level for this time of year. We focus on the East Coast (PADD 1 ) because this a region in which heating oil is a major winter fuel. Furthermore, the East Coast consumes almost 2/3 of the nation's heating oil (high sulfur distillate). December 1999 was the turning point. Stocks were well within the normal range through November 1999, but in December, they dropped below the
Residential electricity demand: a suggested appliance stock equation
The author develops a simple appliance stock equation for estimating seasonal patterns of power demand elasticity. The equation relates an index of appliances (estimates of typical use) to marginal price per kWh, to income, to average price of alternative fuels, to climate (cooling degree days and heating degree days), to age of the household head, to family size, and to race. Price elasticity is -0.785 for the winter and 0.493 for the summer, with all estimates significant to 0.001. The appliance stock coefficient is 0.801 for the winter and 0.971 for the summer. The equation may be useful in studies that do not require elaborate disaggregation of appliance stock. 7 references, 2 tables.
Garbacz, C.
Table 38. Coal Stocks at Coke Plants by Census Division
Coal Stocks at Coke Plants by Census Division Coal Stocks at Coke Plants by Census Division (thousand short tons) U.S. Energy Information Administration | Quarterly Coal Report, April - June 2013 Table 38. Coal Stocks at Coke Plants by Census Division (thousand short tons) U.S. Energy Information Administration | Quarterly Coal Report, April - June 2013 Census Division June 30, 2013 March 31, 2013 June 30, 2012 Percent Change (June 30) 2013 versus 2012 Middle Atlantic w w w w East North Central 1,313 1,177 1,326 -1.0 South Atlantic w w w w East South Central w w w w U.S. Total 2,500 2,207 2,295 8.9 w = Data withheld to avoid disclosure. Note: Total may not equal sum of components because of independent rounding. Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Form EIA-5, 'Quarterly Coal Consumption and Quality Report - Coke Plants.'
Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center (CDIAC)
Latest Estimates Latest Estimates Atmos CO2 Level 397.31 ppm Fossil CO2 Emissions 9,167 MMT Carbon Global Temp Anomaly +0.56°C / +1.01°F Global Sea Level Rise +2.9 ± 0.4 mm/y Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center The Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center (CDIAC) is the primary climate-change data and information analysis center of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). CDIAC is located at DOE's Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) and includes the World Data Center for Atmospheric Trace Gases. CDIAC's data holdings include estimates of carbon dioxide emissions from fossil-fuel consumption and land-use changes; records of atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide and other radiatively active trace gases; carbon cycle and terrestrial carbon management datasets and analyses; and
A Note on Pricing Options on Defaultable Stocks
In this note, we develop stock option price approximations for a model which takes both the risk o default and the stochastic volatility into account. We also let the intensity of defaults be influenced by the volatility. We show that it might be possible to infer the risk neutral default intensity from the stock option prices. Our option price approximation has a rich implied volatility surface structure and fits the data implied volatility well. Our calibration exercise shows that an effective hazard rate from bonds issued by a company can be used to explain the implied volatility skew of the implied volatility of the option prices issued by the same company.
Bayraktar, Erhan
Wisdom of Crowds Algorithm for Stock Market Predictions
In this paper we present a mathematical model for collaborative filtering implementation in stock market predictions. In popular literature collaborative filtering, also known as Wisdom of Crowds, assumes that group has a greater knowledge than the individual while each individual can improve group's performance by its specific information input. There are commercially available tools for collaborative stock market predictions and patent protected web-based software solutions. Mathematics that lies behind those algorithms is not disclosed in the literature, so the presented model and algorithmic implementation are the main contributions of this work.
Velic, Marko; Padavic, Ivan
The Evolution of Aggregate Stock Ownership: A Unified Explanation
Since World War II, the fraction of stocks owned directly by households has decreased by more than 50 percentage points in the United States, the United Kingdom, and Sweden. We argue that tax policy is the driving force. Using data from eight countries, we show that tax-favored investors have replaced households as stockholders and that the fraction of household ownership decreases with measures of the effective marginal tax rate. We further show that the changes in stock ownership accelerate during the high-inflation period of the 1970s and the 1980s. These findings are important for policy considerations on effective taxation and for financial economics research on the longterm
Kristian Rydqvist; Joshua Spizman; Ilya Strebulaev
Isotope powered Stirling generator for terrestrial applications
An electric power supply, small enough to be man-portable, is being developed for remote, terrestrial applications. This system is designed for an operating lifetime of five years without maintenance or refueling. A small Radioisotope Stirling Generator (RSG) has been developed. The energy source of the generator is a 60 watt plutonium-238 fuel clad used in the General Purpose Heat Sources (GPHS) developed for space applications. A free piston Stirling Engine drives a linear alternator to convert the heat to power. The system weighs about 7.5 kg and produces 11 watts AC power with a conversion efficiency of 18.5%. Two engine models have been designed, fabricated, and tested to date: (a) a developmental model instrumented to confirm and test parameters, and (b) an electrically heated model with an electrical heater equipped power input leads. Critical components have been tested for 10,000 to 20,000 hours. One complete generator has been operating for over 11,000 hours. Radioisotope heated prototypes are expected to be fabricated and tested in late 1995.
Tingey, G.L.; Sorensen, G.C. [Pacific Northwest Lab., Richland, WA (United States); Ross, B.A. [Stirling Technology Co., Richland, WA (United States)
Evolutionary multiobjective optimization approach for evolving ensemble of intelligent paradigms for stock market modeling
The use of intelligent systems for stock market predictions has been widely established. This paper introduces a genetic programming technique (called Multi-Expression programming) for the prediction of two stock indices. The performance is then compared ...
Ajith Abraham; Crina Grosan; Sang Yong Han; Alexander Gelbukh
Practical Handbook of Soybean Processing and UtilizationChapter 13 Hydrogenation and Base Stock Formulation Procedures
Practical Handbook of Soybean Processing and Utilization Chapter 13 Hydrogenation and Base Stock Formulation Procedures Processing eChapters Processing Downloadable pdf of Chapter 13 Hydrogenation and Base Stock Formu
Analysis of Financial News Impact on Stock Based on a Statistical Learning Method with News Density
Since the investors often react to news and consequently make stock prices move, financial news has an impact on stock prices. However, the price adjustment process is a complex one. In this paper, a statistical learning methodology has been proposed ...
Feng Wang; Xiaodong Li; Chenxiao Dou
Pentanes Plus Pipeline Stocks by Type - U.S. Energy Information ...
Stock Type: Download Series History: Definitions, Sources & Notes: Show Data By: Product: Stock Type: Area: 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 View History; U.S. 1,219 ...
Towards a Very Low Energy Building Stock: Modeling the U.S. Commercial...
Towards a Very Low Energy Building Stock: Modeling the U.S. Commercial Building Sector to Support Policy and Innovation Planning Title Towards a Very Low Energy Building Stock:...
Fuzzy-neural model with hybrid market indicators for stock forecasting
A number of research had been carried out to forecast stock price based on technical indicators, which rely purely on historical stock price data. Nevertheless, their performance is not always satisfactory. In this paper, the effect of using hybrid market ...
A. A. Adebiyi; C. K. Ayo; S. O. Otokiti
Standing Stocks and Faunal Zonation of Deep-Sea Benthos: Patterns and Predictions across Scales
The deep ocean (> 200-m depth) covers more than 65 percent of earth's surface and is known as the largest active carbon sink of the planet. Photosynthesis fixes inorganic carbon into organic rich-compounds to fuel the biological production in the upper ocean. A small portion of the photosynthetic carbon eventually sinks to the seafloor to support diverse deep-sea life. In this dissertation, the phytoplankton production and export flux of particulate organic carbon (POC) to the seafloor were linked to standing stocks and compositional changes of the deep-sea soft bottom assemblages. The pattern and processes of energy transfer from the surface ocean to the deep sea was examined by modeling the global benthic bacteria, meiofauna, macrofauna, and megafauna biomass from remotely sensed ocean color images and the seafloor relief. The analysis was then scaled down to the macrofauna of the Gulf of Mexico (GoM) to examine the global pattern on regional oceanic features with contrasting productivity regimes. These results suggested a universal decline of benthic standing stocks down the continental margins that is caused by an exponential decrease of export POC flux with depth. A revisit of historical epibenthic invertebrate sampling in the North Atlantic showed that both individual species and multi-species assemblages occurred in narrow depth bands that hugged the topography from the upper continental slope out to the Hatteras Abyssal Plain. The continuum compositional change suggested that the continuous decline of benthic food supply with depth was the potential driving force for the pattern of bathymetric faunal zonation. A broad, systematic survey across multiple depth transects in the northern GoM suggested that macrofauna zonation is not only taking place across isobaths, but also form the northeast to the northwest GoM due to a horizontal productivity gradient created by the nutrient-laden Mississippi River. Analyses of long-term demersal fish data from 1964 to 2002 in the northern GoM showed no evidence of large-scale faunal change across different sampling times. Base on the pooled data, a shift in rate of fish species replacement may be caused by complex biological interactions or changes in environmental heterogeneity along depth or productivity gradients.
Wei, Chih-Lin
Establishing relationships among patterns in stock market data
Similarities among subsequences are typically regarded as categorical features of sequential data. We introduce an algorithm for capturing the relationships among similar, contiguous subsequences. Two time series are considered to be similar during a ... Keywords: Financial applications, Knowledge discovery, Pattern mining, Stock market, Time series data
Dietmar H. Dorr; Anne M. Denton
U.S. Ending Stocks of Fuel Ethanol (Thousand Barrels)
U.S. Ending Stocks of Fuel Ethanol (Thousand Barrels) Year Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec; 1993: 2,059: 1,946: 1,929: 2,152: 2,441: 2,627: 2,706 ...
Goodbye to carbon neutral: Getting biomass footprints right
Most guidance for carbon footprinting, and most published carbon footprints or LCAs, presume that biomass heating fuels are carbon neutral. However, it is recognised increasingly that this is incorrect: biomass fuels are not always carbon neutral. Indeed, they can in some cases be far more carbon positive than fossil fuels. This flaw in carbon footprinting guidance and practice can be remedied. In carbon footprints (not just of biomass or heating fuels, but all carbon footprints), rather than applying sequestration credits and combustion debits, a 'carbon-stock change' line item could be applied instead. Not only would this make carbon footprints more accurate, it would make them consistent with UNFCCC reporting requirements and national reporting practice. There is a strong precedent for this change. This same flaw has already been recognised and partly remedied in standards for and studies of liquid biofuels (e.g. biodiesel and bioethanol), which now account for land-use change, i.e. deforestation. But it is partially or completely missing from other studies and from standards for footprinting and LCA of solid fuels. Carbon-stock changes can be estimated from currently available data. Accuracy of estimates will increase as Kyoto compliant countries report more land use, land use change and forestry (LULUCF) data.
Johnson, Eric [Atlantic Consulting, Obstgartenstrasse 14, CH-8136 Gattikon (Switzerland)], E-mail: email@example.com
TERMOD 2; an interactive code for analysing intake of radionuclides by man through terrestrial pathways
TERMOD 2; an interactive code for analysing intake of radionuclides by man through terrestrial pathways
Zach, R
Sense the Words: The Impact of Discussion Board Postings on the Stock Market
Some empirical studies claim that postings in the stock message board have a small but significant correlation on stock return. We study the effect of 2.85 million postings of 58 representative listed firms in HS300 index in China. Instead of considering ... Keywords: dicussion board, postings, word count, stock market
Tiejun Wang; Junwei Ma; Xin Liu; Qing Li
A GA-weighted ANFIS model based on multiple stock market volatility causality for TAIEX forecasting
Stock market forecasting is important and interesting, because the successful prediction of stock prices may promise attractive benefits. The economy of Taiwan relies on international trade deeply, and the fluctuations of international stock markets ... Keywords: ANFIS, Genetic algorithm, Neural network, Weighted rule
Liang-Ying Wei
Stock Price and Index Forecasting by Arbitrage Pricing Theory-Based Gaussian TFA Learning
Stock Price and Index Forecasting by Arbitrage Pricing Theory-Based Gaussian TFA Learning Kai Chun take advantage of those models. In literature, forecasting of stock prices within the framework Xu, (2002) "Stock price and index forecasting by arbitrage pricing theory-based gaussian TFA learning
Xu, Lei
The optimization of the stocks within coal power stations using the dynamic programming method
The purpose of this paper is to devise an economic and mathematical model for forecasting and optimizing the need of coal, for determining the current stock size and optimizing the supply-storage costs within a coal-fired power plant. The conditions ... Keywords: continuous flow production, dynamic programming method, energetic resources, optimization of the safety stock, power plants, stock analysis
Rascolean Ilie; Isac Claudia; Dura Codruta
Support vector regression with chaos-based firefly algorithm for stock market price forecasting
Due to the inherent non-linearity and non-stationary characteristics of financial stock market price time series, conventional modeling techniques such as the Box-Jenkins autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) are not adequate for stock market ... Keywords: Chaotic mapping, Firefly algorithm, Stock market price forecasting, Support vector regression
Ahmad Kazem; Ebrahim Sharifi; Farookh Khadeer Hussain; Morteza Saberi; Omar Khadeer Hussain
Past and Future Effects of Ozone on Net Primary Production and Carbon Sequestration Using a Global Biogeochemical Model
Exposure of plants to ozone inhibits photosynthesis and therefore reduces vegetation production and carbon sequestration. Simulations with the Terrestrial Ecosystem Model (TEM) for the historical period (1860-1995) show ...
Felzer, Benjamin Seth.
Modeling and Scaling Coupled Energy, Water, and Carbon Fluxes Based on Remote Sensing: An Application to Canada�s Landmass
Land surface models (LSMs) need to be coupled with atmospheric general circulation models (GCMs) to adequately simulate the exchanges of energy, water, and carbon between the atmosphere and terrestrial surfaces. The heterogeneity of the land ...
Baozhang Chen; Jing M. Chen; Gang Mo; Chiu-Wai Yuen; Hank Margolis; Kaz Higuchi; Douglas Chan
Carbon Issues Task Force Report for the Idaho Strategic Energy Alliance
The Carbon Issues Task Force has the responsibility to evaluate emissions reduction and carbon offset credit options, geologic carbon sequestration and carbon capture, terrestrial carbon sequestration on forest lands, and terrestrial carbon sequestration on agricultural lands. They have worked diligently to identify ways in which Idaho can position itself to benefit from potential carbon-related federal legislation, including identifying opportunities for Idaho to engage in carbon sequestration efforts, barriers to development of these options, and ways in which these barriers can be overcome. These are the experts to which we will turn when faced with federal greenhouse gas-related legislation and how we should best react to protect and provide for Idaho�s interests. Note that the conclusions and recommended options in this report are not intended to be exhaustive, but rather form a starting point for an informed dialogue regarding the way-forward in developing Idaho energy resources.
Travis L. Mcling
Differences of opinion and the cross-section of stock returns
We provide evidence that stocks with higher dispersion in analysts� earnings forecasts earn lower future returns than otherwise similar stocks. This effect is most pronounced in small stocks, and stocks that have performed poorly over the past year. Interpreting dispersion in analysts � forecasts as a proxy for differences in opinion about a stock, we show that this evidence is consistent with the hypothesis that prices will reflect the optimistic view whenever investors with the lowest valuations do not trade. By contrast, our evidence is inconsistent with a view that dispersion in analysts� forecasts proxies for risk.
Karl B. Diether; Christopher J. Malloy; Anna Scherbina
Hubei Shenzhou New Energy Power Generation Stock Co Ltd | Open Energy
Hubei Shenzhou New Energy Power Generation Stock Co Ltd Hubei Shenzhou New Energy Power Generation Stock Co Ltd Jump to: navigation, search Name Hubei Shenzhou New Energy Power Generation Stock Co Ltd Place Hubei Province, China Sector Biomass Product Hubei-based biomass power project developer. References Hubei Shenzhou New Energy Power Generation Stock Co Ltd[1] LinkedIn Connections CrunchBase Profile No CrunchBase profile. Create one now! This article is a stub. You can help OpenEI by expanding it. Hubei Shenzhou New Energy Power Generation Stock Co Ltd is a company located in Hubei Province, China . References ↑ "Hubei Shenzhou New Energy Power Generation Stock Co Ltd" Retrieved from "http://en.openei.org/w/index.php?title=Hubei_Shenzhou_New_Energy_Power_Generation_Stock_Co_Ltd&oldid=346655
Taking stock of renewables: NREL teaches farm and ranch appliations
NREL workshop leaders find a receptive audience for renewable energy technologies among farmers and ranchers. As an exhibitor/participant in Denver`s National Western Stock Show, the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) of Golden, Colorado sponsored an educational workshop to demonstrate applications of solar and wind energy on the farm and ranch, offering a very non-traditional energy approach to people who pride themselves in tradition. This article describes solar and wind energy applications to farms and ranches.
Marsh, M.G. [NREL, Golden, CO (United States)
Duck Valley Resident Fish Stocking Program, 2000 Final Annual Report.
The Shoshone-Paiute Tribes fish-stocking program was begun in 1988 and is intended to provide a subsistence fishery for the tribal members. The program stocks catchable and fingerling size trout in Mt. View and Sheep Creek Reservoirs. Rainbow trout are purchased from only certified disease-free facilities to be stocked in our reservoirs. This project will help restore a fishery for tribal members that historically depended on wild salmon and steelhead in the Owyhee and Bruneau Rivers and their tributaries for their culture as well as for subsistence. This project is partial substitution for loss of anadromous fish production due to construction and operation of hydroelectric dams on the Columbia and Snake Rivers. Until anadromous fish can be returned to the Owyhee and Bruneau Rivers this project will continue indefinitely. As part of this project the Shoshone-Paiute Tribes will also receive income in the form of fees from non-tribal members who come to fish these reservoirs. Regular monitoring and evaluation of the fishery will include sampling for length/weight/condition and for signs of disease. A detailed Monitoring and evaluation plan has been put in place for this project. However due to budget limitations on this project only the fishery surveys and limited water quality work can be completed. A creel survey was initiated in 1998 and we are following the monitoring and evaluation schedule for this program (as budget allows) as well as managing the budget and personnel. This program has been very successful in the past decade and has provided enjoyment and sustenance for both tribal and non-tribal members. All biological data and stocking rates will be including in the Annual reports to Bonneville Power Administration (BPA).
Dodson, Guy; Pero, Vincent
Shandong Jinjing Science Technology Stock Co Ltd | Open Energy Information
Shandong Jinjing Science Technology Stock Co Ltd Shandong Jinjing Science Technology Stock Co Ltd Jump to: navigation, search Name Shandong Jinjing Science & Technology Stock Co Ltd Place Zibo, Shandong Province, China Zip 255200 Sector Solar Product Zibo-based glass producer. The firm makes low-iron super white glass for use in solar modules. Coordinates 36.799999°, 118.050003° Loading map... {"minzoom":false,"mappingservice":"googlemaps3","type":"ROADMAP","zoom":14,"types":["ROADMAP","SATELLITE","HYBRID","TERRAIN"],"geoservice":"google","maxzoom":false,"width":"600px","height":"350px","centre":false,"title":"","label":"","icon":"","visitedicon":"","lines":[],"polygons":[],"circles":[],"rectangles":[],"copycoords":false,"static":false,"wmsoverlay":"","layers":[],"controls":["pan","zoom","type","scale","streetview"],"zoomstyle":"DEFAULT","typestyle":"DEFAULT","autoinfowindows":false,"kml":[],"gkml":[],"fusiontables":[],"resizable":false,"tilt":0,"kmlrezoom":false,"poi":true,"imageoverlays":[],"markercluster":false,"searchmarkers":"","locations":[{"text":"","title":"","link":null,"lat":36.799999,"lon":118.050003,"alt":0,"address":"","icon":"","group":"","inlineLabel":"","visitedicon":""}]}
Method and apparatus for forming flues on tubular stock
The present invention is directed to a die mechanism utilized for forming flues on long, relatively narrow tubular stock. These flues are formed by displacing a die from within the tubular stock through perforations previously drilled through the tubular stock at selected locations. The drawing of the die upsets the material to form the flue of the desired configuration. The die is provided with a lubricating system which enables the lubricant to be dispensed uniformly about the entire periphery of the die in contact with the material being upset so as to assure the formation of the flues. Further, the lubricant is dispensed from within the die onto the peripheral surface of the latter at pressures in the range of about 2000 to 10,000 psi so as to assure the adequate lubrication of the die during the drawing operation. By injecting the lubricant at such high pressures, low viscosity liquid, such as water and/or alcohol, may be efficiently used as a lubricant and also provides a mechanism by which the lubricant may be evaporated from the surface of the flues at ambient conditions so as to negate the cleansing operations previously required prior to joining the flues to other conduit mechanisms by fusion welding and the like.
Beck, D.E.; Carson, C.
Big Sky Carbon Sequestration Partnership
The Big Sky Carbon Sequestration Partnership, led by Montana State University, is comprised of research institutions, public entities and private sectors organizations, and the Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes and the Nez Perce Tribe. Efforts under this Partnership in Phase I fall into four areas: evaluation of sources and carbon sequestration sinks that will be used to determine the location of pilot demonstrations in Phase II; development of GIS-based reporting framework that links with national networks; designing an integrated suite of monitoring, measuring, and verification technologies and assessment frameworks; and initiating a comprehensive education and outreach program. The groundwork is in place to provide an assessment of storage capabilities for CO2 utilizing the resources found in the Partnership region (both geological and terrestrial sinks), that would complement the ongoing DOE research agenda in Carbon Sequestration. The region has a diverse array of geological formations that could provide storage options for carbon in one or more of its three states. Likewise, initial estimates of terrestrial sinks indicate a vast potential for increasing and maintaining soil C on forested, agricultural, and reclaimed lands. Both options include the potential for offsetting economic benefits to industry and society. Steps have been taken to assure that the GIS-based framework is consistent among types of sinks within the Big Sky Partnership area and with the efforts of other DOE regional partnerships. The Partnership recognizes the critical importance of measurement, monitoring, and verification technologies to support not only carbon trading but all policies and programs that DOE and other agencies may want to pursue in support of GHG mitigation. The efforts in developing and implementing MMV technologies for geological sequestration reflect this concern. Research is also underway to identify and validate best management practices for soil C in the Partnership region, and to design a risk/cost effectiveness framework to make comparative assessments of each viable sink, taking into account economic costs, offsetting benefits, scale of sequestration opportunities, spatial and time dimensions, environmental risks, and long-term viability. Scientifically sound MMV is critical for public acceptance of these technologies. Deliverables for the 7th Quarter reporting period include (1) for the geological efforts: Reports on Technology Needs and Action Plan on the Evaluation of Geological Sinks and Pilot Project Deployment (Deliverables 2 and 3), and Report on the Feasibility of Mineralization Trapping in the Snake River Plain Basin (Deliverable 14); (2) for the terrestrial efforts: Report on the Evaluation of Terrestrial Sinks and a Report of the Best Production Practices for Soil C Sequestration (Deliverables 8 and 15). In addition, the 7th Quarter activities for the Partnership included further development of the proposed activities for the deployment and demonstration phase of the carbon sequestration pilots including geological and terrestrial pilots, expansion of the Partnership to encompass regions and institutions that are complimentary to the steps we have identified, building greater collaborations with industry and stakeholders in the region, contributed to outreach efforts that spanned all partnerships, co-authorship on the Carbon Capture and Separation report, and developed a regional basis to address future energy opportunities in the region. The deliverables and activities are discussed in the following sections and appended to this report. The education and outreach efforts have resulted in a comprehensive plan which serves as a guide for implementing the outreach activities under Phase I. The public website has been expanded and integrated with the GIS carbon atlas. We have made presentations to stakeholders and policy makers including two tribal sequestration workshops, and made connections to other federal and state agencies concerned with GHG emissions, climate change, and efficient and environmental
Susan M. Capalbo
represents an opportunity to couple carbon sequestration with the utilization of fossil fuel #12;and energy of fossil energy byproducts to stimulate carbon sequestration in those terrestrial ecosystems. GOALS C sequestration through optimal utilization of fossil energy byproducts and management of degraded
CARBON-CARBON COMPOSITE ALLCOMP Carbon-Carbon Composite
strength 4340 steel, carbon-carbon composite, and Carbon-Silicon Carbide composite were tested to examine-C composite containing continuous PAN T300 fibers · SWB: Chopped Fiber Composite containing SWB fibers Crush
Rollins, Andrew M.
BIG BEAR SOLAR OBSERVATORY CENTER FOR SOLAR-TERRESTRIAL RESEARCH Faculty Position in Solar Physics, New Jersey Institute of Technology A tenure track faculty position in solar physics is available of NJIT's program in solar physics, visit http://solar.njit.edu. Applicants are required to have a Ph
Chemical sensing and imaging in microfluidic pore network structures relevant to natural carbon cycling and industrial carbon sequestration
Energy and climate change represent significant factors in global security. Atmospheric carbon dioxide levels, while global in scope, are influenced by pore-scale phenomena in the subsurface. We are developing tools to visualize and investigate processes in pore network microfluidic structures with transparent covers as representations of normally-opaque porous media. In situ fluorescent oxygen sensing methods and fluorescent cellulosic materials are being used to investigate processes related to terrestrial carbon cycling involving cellulytic respiring microorganisms. These structures also enable visualization of water displacement from pore spaces by hydrophobic fluids, including carbon dioxide, in studies related to carbon sequestration.
Grate, Jay W.; Zhang, Changyong; Wilkins, Michael J.; Warner, Marvin G.; Anheier, Norman C.; Suter, Jonathan D.; Kelly, Ryan T.; Oostrom, Martinus
Carbon Capture and Storage
Carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) is the long-term isolation of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere through physical, chemical, biological, or engineered processes. This includes a range of approaches including soil carbon sequestration (e.g., through no-till farming), terrestrial biomass sequestration (e.g., through planting forests), direct ocean injection of CO{sub 2} either onto the deep seafloor or into the intermediate depths, injection into deep geological formations, or even direct conversion of CO{sub 2} to carbonate minerals. Some of these approaches are considered geoengineering (see the appropriate chapter herein). All are considered in the 2005 special report by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC 2005). Of the range of options available, geological carbon sequestration (GCS) appears to be the most actionable and economic option for major greenhouse gas reduction in the next 10-30 years. The basis for this interest includes several factors: (1) The potential capacities are large based on initial estimates. Formal estimates for global storage potential vary substantially, but are likely to be between 800 and 3300 Gt of C (3000 and 10,000 Gt of CO{sub 2}), with significant capacity located reasonably near large point sources of the CO{sub 2}. (2) GCS can begin operations with demonstrated technology. Carbon dioxide has been separated from large point sources for nearly 100 years, and has been injected underground for over 30 years (below). (3) Testing of GCS at intermediate scale is feasible. In the US, Canada, and many industrial countries, large CO{sub 2} sources like power plants and refineries lie near prospective storage sites. These plants could be retrofit today and injection begun (while bearing in mind scientific uncertainties and unknowns). Indeed, some have, and three projects described here provide a great deal of information on the operational needs and field implementation of CCS. Part of this interest comes from several key documents written in the last three years that provide information on the status, economics, technology, and impact of CCS. These are cited throughout this text and identified as key references at the end of this manuscript. When coupled with improvements in energy efficiency, renewable energy supplies, and nuclear power, CCS help dramatically reduce current and future emissions (US CCTP 2005, MIT 2007). If CCS is not available as a carbon management option, it will be much more difficult and much more expensive to stabilize atmospheric CO{sub 2} emissions. Recent estimates put the cost of carbon abatement without CCS to be 30-80% higher that if CCS were to be available (Edmonds et al. 2004).
Friedmann, S
Integrating Remote Sensing, Field Observations, and Models to Understand Disturbance and Climate Effects on the Carbon Balance of the West Coast U.S., Final Report
As an element of NACP research, the proposed investigation is a two pronged approach that derives and evaluates a regional carbon (C) budget for Oregon, Washington, and California. Objectives are (1) Use multiple data sources, including AmeriFlux data, inventories, and multispectral remote sensing data to investigate trends in carbon storage and exchanges of CO2 and water with variation in climate and disturbance history; (2) Develop and apply regional modeling that relies on these multiple data sources to reduce uncertainty in spatial estimates of carbon storage and NEP, and relative contributions of terrestrial ecosystems and anthropogenic emissions to atmospheric CO2 in the region; (3) Model terrestrial carbon processes across the region, using the Biome-BGC terrestrial ecosystem model, and an atmospheric inverse modeling approach to estimate variation in rate and timing of terrestrial uptake and feedbacks to the atmosphere in response to climate and disturbance.
Beverly E. Law
INCCA: Integrated Climate and Carbon
The INCCA (Integrated Climate and Carbon) initiative will develop and apply the ability to simulate the fate and climate impact of fossil fuel-derived carbon dioxide (CO{sub 2}) and aerosols on a global scale. Coupled climate and carbon cycle modeling like that proposed for INCCA is required to understand and predict the future environmental impacts of fossil fuel burning. At present, atmospheric CO{sub 2} concentrations are prescribed, not simulated, in large climate models. Credible simulations of the entire climate system, however, need to predict time-evolving atmospheric greenhouse forcing using anthropogenic emissions as the fundamental input. Predicting atmospheric COS concentrations represents a substantial scientific advance because there are large natural sources and sinks of carbon that are likely to change as a result of climate change. Both terrestrial (e.g., vegetation on land) and oceanic components of the carbon cycle are known to be sensitive to climate change. Estimates of the amount of man-made CO{sub 2} that will accumulate in the atmosphere depend on understanding the carbon cycle. For this reason, models that use CO{sub 2} emissions, not prescribed atmospheric concentrations, as fundamental inputs are required to directly address greenhouse-related questions of interest to policymakers. INCCA is uniquely positioned to make rapid progress in this high-priority area of global change modeling and prediction because we can leverage previous and ongoing LLNL developments, and use existing component models that are well-developed and published. The need for a vastly improved carbon dioxide prediction capability is appreciated by the DOE. As the US Accelerated Climate Prediction Initiative (ACPI) progresses, we expect the DOE will emphasize the carbon cycle as the next major department-level earth science focus. INCCA will position LLNL for substantial additional funding as this new focus is realized. In the limited time since our LDRD funding was first received (1 November 2000) we have made good progress in acquisition and testing of component models, applications of the terrestrial biosphere model, enhancements to the ocean carbon cycle model and development of the fossil fuel aerosol model.
Thompson, S L
This fact sheet answers the most frequently asked health questions (FAQs) about carbon tetrachloride.
Utah Distillate Fuel Oil, Greater than 15 to 500 ppm Sulfur Stocks ...
Utah Distillate Fuel Oil, Greater than 15 to 500 ppm Sulfur Stocks at Refineries, Bulk Terminals, and Natural Gas Plants (Thousand Barrels)
Internal Evolution for Agent Cognition - Agent-Based Modelling of an Artificial Stock Market.
??Agent-Based Modeling (ABM) is a powerful simulation technique with applications in several fields, in particular social sciences. Artificial Stock Market (ASM), introduced by a group� (more)
Hassanzadeh, Morteza
Two essays on the study of capital structure in Chinese stock market.
??This thesis contains two essays on the study of capital structure in Chinese stock market. The first essay tries to prove the validity of the� (more)
Cai, Jinghan (???)
Financial liberalisation and the capital structure of firms listed on the Johannesburg stock exchange.
??This thesis examines the impact of financial liberalisation on the capital structure of non-financial firms listed on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange (JSE). The research hypotheses� (more)
Chipeta, Chimwemwe
U.S. Crude Oil Stocks by Type - Energy Information Administration
Stock market volatility and price discovery : three essays on the effect of macroeconomic information
Simple Microstructure Model of Price Determination . . 3.11Stock Market Volatility and Price Discovery: Three Essays onConstruction Spending PRICES CPI MONETARY POLICY FFR Source:
Rangel, Jose Gonzalo
Rocky Mountain (PADD 4) Asphalt and Road Oil Stocks by Type
West Coast (PADD 5) Stocks of Crude Oil and Petroleum Products
U.S. Total Stocks of Crude Oil and Petroleum Products
Catalytic conversion of C3+ alcohols to hydrocarbon blend-stock
Catalytic conversion of C3+ alcohols to hydrocarbon blend-stock Note: The technology described above is an early stage opportunity. Licensing rights to this ...
East Coast (PADD 1) Stocks of Crude Oil and Petroleum Products
Rocky Mountain (PADD4) Stocks of Crude Oil and Petroleum Products
Stocks of Crude Oil (Including SPR) - U.S. Energy Information ...
Residual F.O. - 0.31 to 1.00% Sulfur Refinery Stocks by Type
Table 7.6 Coal Stocks by Sector, End of Year 1949-2011 ...
Table 7.6 Coal Stocks by Sector, End of Year 1949-2011 (Million Short Tons) Year: Producers and Distributors: Consumers: Total: Residential
Design Process for Restoring Stock Ride and Roll Characteristics to a Modified Vehicle.
??A design process for selection of suspension components for a hybrid vehicle has been proposed. A stock SUV was placed on a suspension parameter measurement� (more)
Roblin, Michael William
The Role of Self-Efficacy in Stock-Market Participation and Financial Information-Seeking .
??This study of self-efficacy's (Bandura, 1977) effects on an individual's likelihood to invest in the stock market and seek financial information attempts to uncover some� (more)
of Macro Announcements: Real Time Price Discovery in Foreign93, 38�62. (2005): �Real Time Price Discovery in Stock, Bond
U.S. Reformulated RBOB Gasoline Blending Components Stocks by Type
Stock price fluctuations and the mimetic behaviors of traders
We give a stochastic microscopic modelling of stock markets driven by continuous double auction. If we take into account the mimetic behavior of traders, when they place limit order, our virtual markets shows the power-law tail of the distribution of returns with the exponent outside the Levy stable region, the short memory of returns and the long memory of volatilities. The Hurst exponent of our model is asymptotically 1/2. An explanation is also given for the profile of the autocorrelation function, which is responsible for the value of the Hurst exponent.
Maskawa, J
Spent fuel test project, Climax granitic stock, Nevada Test Site
The Spent Fuel Test-Climax (SFT-C) is a test of dry geologic storage of spent nuclear reactor fuel. The SFT-C is located at a depth of 420 m in the Climax granitic stock at the Nevada Test Site. Eleven canisters of spent commercial PWR fuel assemblies are to be stored for 3 to 5 years. Additional heat is supplied by electrical heaters, and more than 800 channels of technical information are being recorded. The measurements include rock temperature, rock displacement and stress, joint motion, and monitoring of the ventilation air volume, temperature, and dewpoint.
Ramspott, L.D.
Anthropogenic impacts on global storage and emissions of mercury from terrestrial soils: Insights from a new global
[1] We develop a mechanistic global model of soil mercury storage and emissions that ties the lifetime of mercury in soils to the lifetime of the organic carbon pools it is associated with. We explore the implications of considering terrestrial mercury cycling in the framework of soil carbon cycling and suggest possible avenues of future research to test our assumptions and constrain this type of model. In our simulation, input of mercury to soil is by atmospheric deposition, in part through leaf uptake and subsequent litter fall, and is moderated by surface photoreduction and revolatilization. Once bound to organic carbon, mercury is transferred along a succession of short?lived to long?lived carbon pools and is ultimately reemitted by respiration of these pools. We examine the legacy of anthropogenic influence on global mercury storage and emissions and estimate that storage of mercury in organic soils has increased by ?20 % since preindustrial times, while soil emissions have increased by a factor of 3 (2900 Mg yr ?1 versus 1000 Mg yr ?1). At steady state, mercury accumulates in the most recalcitrant soil carbon pools and has an overall lifetime against respiration of 630 years. However, the impact of anthropogenic emissions since preindustrial times has been concentrated in more labile pools, so that the mean lifetime of present?day anthropogenic mercury in all pools is ?80 years. Our analysis suggests that reductions in anthropogenic emissions would lead to immediate and large reductions in secondary soil mercury emissions.
Nicole V Smith?downey; Elsie M. Sunderl; Daniel J. Jacob
Radio emissions from terrestrial gamma-ray flashes Joseph R. Dwyer1
. Introduction 1.1. TGF Theory Overview [2] Terrestrial gamma-ray flashes (TGFs) are bright bursts of gamma raysRadio emissions from terrestrial gamma-ray flashes Joseph R. Dwyer1 and Steven A. Cummer2 Received frequency (RF) emissions by terrestrial gamma-ray flashes (TGFs) is developed. These radio emissions, which
Cummer, Steven A.
NETL: Carbon Storage
Carbon Sequestration Partnerships Regional Carbon Sequestration Partnership (RCSP) Programmatic Points of Contact Carbon Storage Program Infrastructure Coordinator Carbon Storage...
Current and Future Carbon Budgets of Tropical Rain Forest: A Cross Scale Analysis. Final Report
The goal of this project was to make a first assessment of the major carbon stocks and fluxes and their climatic determinants in a lowland neotropical rain forest, the La Selva Biological Station, Costa Rica. Our research design was based on the concurrent use of several of the best available approaches, so that data could be cross-validated. A major focus of our effort was to combine meteorological studies of whole-forest carbon exchange (eddy flux), with parallel independent measurements of key components of the forest carbon budget. The eddy flux system operated from February 1998 to February 2001. To obtain field data that could be scaled up to the landscape level, we monitored carbon stocks, net primary productivity components including tree growth and mortality, litterfall, woody debris production, root biomass, and soil respiration in a series of replicated plots stratified across the major environmental gradients of the forest. A second major focus of this project was on the stocks and changes of carbon in the soil. We used isotope studies and intensive monitoring to investigate soil organic stocks and the climate-driven variation of soil respiration down the soil profile, in a set of six 4m deep soil shafts stratified across the landscape. We measured short term tree growth, climate responses of sap flow, and phenology in a suite of ten canopy trees to develop individual models of tree growth to daytime weather variables.
Oberbauer, S. F.
Managing the cost of emissions for durable, carbon-containing products
We recognize that carbon-containing products do not decay and release CO2 to the atmosphere instantaneously, but release that carbon over extended periods of time. For an initial production of a stock of carbon-containing product, we can treat the release as a probability distribution covering the time over which that release occurs. The probability distribution that models the carbon release predicts the amount of carbon that is released as a function of time. The use of a probability distribution in accounting for the release of carbon to the atmosphere realizes a fundamental shift from the idea that all carbon-containing products contribute to a single pool that decays in proportion to the size of the stock. Viewing the release of carbon as a continuous probabilistic process introduces some theoretical opportunities not available in the former paradigm by taking advantage of other fields where the use of probability distributions has been prevalent for many decades. In particular, theories developed in the life insurance industry can guide the development of pricing and payment structures for dealing with the costs associated with the oxidation and release of carbon. These costs can arise from a number of proposed policies (cap and trade, carbon tax, social cost of carbon, etc), but in the end they all result in there being a cost to releasing carbon to the atmosphere. If there is a cost to the emitter for CO2 emissions, payment for that cost will depend on both when the emissions actually occur and how payment is made. Here we outline some of the pricing and payment structures that are possible which result from analogous theories in the life insurance industry. This development not only provides useful constructs for valuing sequestered carbon, but highlights additional motivations for employing a probability distribution approach to unify accounting methodologies for stocks of carbon containing products.
Shirley, Kevin [Appalachian State University; Marland, Eric [Appalachian State University; Cantrell, Jenna [Appalachian State University; Marland, Gregg [ORNL
Crude Oil Stocks at Tank Farms & Pipelines
Stocks at Tank Farms & Pipelines Stocks at Tank Farms & Pipelines (Thousand Barrels) Period: Monthly Annual Download Series History Download Series History Definitions, Sources & Notes Definitions, Sources & Notes Area Apr-13 May-13 Jun-13 Jul-13 Aug-13 Sep-13 View History U.S. 263,633 264,749 252,781 242,174 232,837 248,898 1981-2013 East Coast (PADD 1) 2,000 1,635 1,585 1,793 1,507 2,033 1981-2013 Midwest (PADD 2) 100,842 101,525 99,186 89,116 84,420 84,878 1981-2013 Cushing, OK 49,237 50,172 48,671 40,459 34,809 33,017 2004-2013 Gulf Coast (PADD 3) 121,316 121,816 113,846 112,745 112,059 122,497 1981-2013 Rocky Mountain (PADD 4) 12,813 12,512 12,003 12,181 12,858 12,956 1981-2013 West Coast (PADD 5) 26,662 27,261 26,161 26,339 21,993 26,534 1981-2013
NREL: Awards and Honors - Triple-Junction Terrestrial Concentrator Solar
Triple-Junction Terrestrial Concentrator Solar Cell Triple-Junction Terrestrial Concentrator Solar Cell Developers: Dr. Jerry Olson, Dr. Sarah Kurtz, Dr. Daniel Friedman, Alan Kibbler, and Charlene Karmer, National Renewable Energy Laboratory; Dr. Richard King, Jim Ermer, Dmitri D. Krut, Hector Cotal, Peter Colter, Hojun Yoon, Nassar Karam, and Gregory S. Glenn, Spectrolab, Inc. The triple-junction solar cell - or TJ solar cell - generates a lot of energy from just a very little amount of material. How much energy? A 1-cm2 cell can generate as much as 35 W of power and produce as much as 86.3 kWh of electricity during a typical year under a Phoenix, AZ sun. This means that 100 to 150 of these cells could produce enough electricity to power the typical American household. This cell can do this, first, because it
Alaskan soil carbon stocks: Spatial variability and dependence on environmental factors
between these previous model projections are likely due totemperature change projections for Alaska were obtained fromDM, Slater AG (2005) A projection of severe near-surface
Mishra, U.
Data from Kepler's first 136 days of operation are analyzed to determine the distribution of exoplanets with respect to radius, period, and host-star spectral type. The analysis is extrapolated to estimate the percentage of terrestrial, habitable-zone (HZ) exoplanets. The Kepler census is assumed to be complete for bright stars (magnitude 0.5 Earth radius and periods <42 days. It is also assumed that the size distribution of planets is independent of orbital period and that there are no hidden biases in the data. Six significant statistical results are found: there is a paucity of small planet detections around faint target stars, probably an instrumental effect; the frequency of mid-size planet detections is independent of whether the host star is bright or faint; there are significantly fewer planets detected with periods <3 days, compared to longer periods, almost certainly an astrophysical effect; the frequency of all planets in the population with periods <42 days is 29%, broken down as terrestrials 9%, ice giants 18%, and gas giants 3%; the population has a planet frequency with respect to period which follows a power-law relation dN/dP {approx} P{sup {beta}-1}, with {beta} {approx_equal} 0.71 {+-} 0.08; and an extrapolation to longer periods gives the frequency of terrestrial planets in the HZs of FGK stars as {eta}{sub Circled-Plus} {approx_equal} (34 {+-} 14)%. Thus about one-third of FGK stars are predicted to have at least one terrestrial, HZ planet.
Traub, Wesley A., E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109 (United States)
The Big Sky Partnership, led by Montana State University, is comprised of research institutions, public entities and private sectors organizations, and the Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes and the Nez Perce Tribe. Efforts during the second performance period fall into four areas: evaluation of sources and carbon sequestration sinks; development of GIS-based reporting framework; designing an integrated suite of monitoring, measuring, and verification technologies; and initiating a comprehensive education and outreach program. At the first two Partnership meetings the groundwork was put in place to provide an assessment of capture and storage capabilities for CO{sub 2} utilizing the resources found in the Partnership region (both geological and terrestrial sinks), that would complement the ongoing DOE research. The region has a diverse array of geological formations that could provide storage options for carbon in one or more of its three states. Likewise, initial estimates of terrestrial sinks indicate a vast potential for increasing and maintaining soil C on forested, agricultural, and reclaimed lands. Both options include the potential for offsetting economic benefits to industry and society. Steps have been taken to assure that the GIS-based framework is consistent among types of sinks within the Big Sky Partnership area and with the efforts of other western DOE partnerships. Efforts are also being made to find funding to include Wyoming in the coverage areas for both geological and terrestrial sinks and sources. The Partnership recognizes the critical importance of measurement, monitoring, and verification technologies to support not only carbon trading but all policies and programs that DOE and other agencies may want to pursue in support of GHG mitigation. The efforts begun in developing and implementing MMV technologies for geological sequestration reflect this concern. Research is also underway to identify and validate best management practices for soil C in the partnership region, and to design a risk/cost effectiveness framework to make comparative assessments of each viable sink, taking into account economic costs, offsetting benefits, scale of sequestration opportunities, spatial and time dimensions, environmental risks, and long term viability. Scientifically sound information on MMV is critical for public acceptance of these technologies. Two key deliverables were completed this quarter--a literature review/database to assess the soil carbon on rangelands, and the draft protocols, contracting options for soil carbon trading. To date, there has been little research on soil carbon on rangelands, and since rangeland constitutes a major land use in the Big Sky region, this is important in achieving a better understanding of terrestrial sinks. The protocols developed for soil carbon trading are unique and provide a key component of the mechanisms that might be used to efficiently sequester GHG and reduce CO{sub 2} concentrations. Progress on other deliverables is noted in the PowerPoint presentations. A series of meetings held during the second quarter have laid the foundations for assessing the issues surrounding the implementation of a market-based setting for soil C credits. These meetings provide a connection to stakeholders in the region and a basis on which to draw for the DOE PEIS hearings. Finally, the education and outreach efforts have resulted in a comprehensive plan and process which serves as a guide for implementing the outreach activities under Phase I. While we are still working on the public website, we have made many presentations to stakeholders and policy makers, connections to other federal and state agencies concerned with GHG emissions, climate change, and efficient and environmentally-friendly energy production. In addition, we have laid plans for integration of our outreach efforts with the students, especially at the tribal colleges and at the universities involved in our partnership. This includes collaboration with the film and media arts departments at MSU, with outreach effort
An efficient fuzzy based neuro: genetic algorithm for stock market prediction
Stock market prediction is a complex and tedious task that involves the processing of large amounts of data, that are stored in ever growing databases. The vacillating nature of the stock market requires the use of data mining techniques like clustering ... Keywords: Kohonen network, clustering, data mining, genetic algorithms, machine learning, prediction
K. G. Srinivasa; K. R. Venugopal; L. M. Patnaik
Use of Productivity and Susceptibility Indices to Determine Stock Vulnerability, with
of fish) should change as a function of spawning biomass of the stock or stock complex. The NS1 guidelines information. Control rules should be designed so that management actions become more conservative as biomass.5 are defined as high and low susceptibility, respectively. Biomass of Spawners: Analogous to fishing mortality
U.S. Crude Oil and Petroleum Products Stocks by Type
Stock Type: Area: Feb-13 Mar-13 Apr-13 May-13 Jun-13 Jul-13 View History; Total Stocks: 1,790,732: 1,793,174: 1,806,501: 1,817,459: 1,817,679: 1,817,508: 1956-2013 ...
West Coast (PADD 5) CBOB Gasoline Blending Components Stocks by Type
Stock Type: Area: 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 View History; Total Stocks: 1,769: 2,651: 3,784: 4,085: 3,756: 5,082: 2005-2012: Refinery: 1,001: 1,018: 1,022: 824 ...
Stock Trading Using RSPOP: A Novel Rough Set-Based Neuro-Fuzzy Approach
This paper investigates the method of forecasting stock price difference on artificially generated price series data using neuro-fuzzy systems and neural networks. As trading profits is more important to an investor than statistical performance, this ... Keywords: Forecasting theory, fuzzy neural networks, rough set theory, stock market, time series
K. K. Ang; C. Quek
Modelling the Stock Market using Twitter M. Sebastian A. WolframTH
to predict price trends immediately after the release of the article. He used press release articles rather et al. (Fung et al., 2002) who used pattern recognition methodologies to model stock price trends a major role in affecting the price of a company's stock. In today's information age, news can spread
Koehn, Philipp
Stock returns and the dispersion in earnings forecasts,� Working Paper No
Abstract: The efficient market hypothesis based on homogeneous expectations implies that future stock returns are unpredictable. However, the forecastability of stock returns has been well documented in a substantial literature. This paper introduces a new forecasting variable, dispersion in analysts � earnings forecasts. The implication from this finding is not only that we have another piece of evidence that stock returns are predictable, but also that alternative models should be used to explain movements of stock prices. Hence, this paper derives a relation between the dispersion in forecasts and future stock returns based on Harrison and Kreps (1978) and shows that the dispersion in forecasts exerts its own positive effect on demand in the market. Furthermore, this paper shows empirically that the dispersion in expectations has particularly strong predictive power for future stock returns at intermediate horizons (between 24 months and 43 months) and that it contains information about future stock returns aside from the information contained in other variables. In addition, the direction of predictive power from the dispersion for future stock returns is consistent with the derived relation from Harrison and Kreps (1978). This paper also shows that most of the movements in dispersion cannot be explained by other variables, such as common financial indicators, macroeconomic variables, market volatility, or non-economic events. Finally, Monte Carlo simulation shows that finite sample biases in long-horizon regressions using the dispersion do not seem so serious.
Cheolbeom Park
Do Innovations Really Pay Off? Total Stock Market Returns to Innovation
Critics often decry an earnings-focused short-term orientation of management that eschews spending on risky, long-term projects such as innovation to boost a firm's stock price. Such critics assume that stock markets react positively to announcements ... Keywords: Fama-French 3-factor model, event study, high-tech marketing, innovation, market returns
Ashish Sood; Gerard J. Tellis
Low Total OECD Oil Stocks* Keep Market Balance Tight
5 5 Notes: This chart illustrates why EIA sees crude oil prices staying relatively high. It shows global inventories, as measured by OECD petroleum stocks. EIA sees a tenuous supply/demand balance over the remainder of 2001. Global inventories remain low, and need to recover to more adequate levels of forward demand coverage in order to avoid continued price volatility. The most recent data show OECD inventories remaining at very low levels. Low inventories increase the potential for price volatility throughout 2001. Inventories are a good measure of the supply/demand balance that affects prices. A large over-supply (production greater than demand) will put downward pressure on prices, while under-supply will push prices upward. OECD inventories illustrate the changes in the world petroleum
The Stock Market Reaction to Oil Price Changes
I explore the reaction of the stock market as a whole and of different industries to daily oil price changes. I find that the direction and magnitude of the market?s reaction to oil price changes depend on the magnitude of the price changes. Oil price changes most likely caused by supply shocks have a negative impact while oil price changes most likely caused by shifts in aggregate demand have a positive impact on the same day market returns. In addition to the returns of oil-intensive industries, returns of industries that do not use oil to any significant extent are also sensitive to oil price changes. Finally, I show that both the cost-side dependence and demand-side dependence on oil are important in explaining the sensitivity of industry returns to oil price changes. I am indebted to Louis Ederington. I am grateful for the helpful comments received from Chitru Fernando,
Sridhar Gogineni
Southwest Regional Partnership on Carbon Sequestration
The Southwest Partnership on Carbon Sequestration completed several more tasks during the period of April 1, 2005-September 30, 2005. The main objective of the Southwest Partnership project is to evaluate and demonstrate the means for achieving an 18% reduction in carbon intensity by 2012. While Phase 2 planning is well under way, the content of this report focuses exclusively on Phase 1 objectives completed during this reporting period. Progress during this period was focused in the three areas: geological carbon storage capacity in New Mexico, terrestrial sequestration capacity for the project area, and the Integrated Assessment Model efforts. The geologic storage capacity of New Mexico was analyzed and Blanco Mesaverde (which extends into Colorado) and Basin Dakota Pools were chosen as top two choices for the further analysis for CO{sub 2} sequestration in the system dynamics model preliminary analysis. Terrestrial sequestration capacity analysis showed that the four states analyzed thus far (Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico and Utah) have relatively limited potential to sequester carbon in terrestrial systems, mainly due to the aridity of these areas, but the large land area offered could make up for the limited capacity per hectare. Best opportunities were thought to be in eastern Colorado/New Mexico. The Integrated Assessment team expanded the initial test case model to include all New Mexico sinks and sources in a new, revised prototype model in 2005. The allocation mechanism, or ''String of Pearls'' concept, utilizes potential pipeline routes as the links between all combinations of the source to various sinks. This technique lays the groundwork for future, additional ''String of Pearls'' analyses throughout the SW Partnership and other regions as well.
Brian McPherson
Evaluation of Different Soil Carbon Determination Methods
Determining soil carbon (C) with high precision is an essential requisite for the success of the terrestrial C sequestration program. The informed choice of management practices for different terrestrial ecosystems rests upon accurately measuring the potential for C sequestration. Numerous methods are available for assessing soil C. Chemical analysis of field-collected samples using a dry combustion method is regarded as the standard method. However, conventional sampling of soil and their subsequent chemical analysis is expensive and time consuming. Furthermore, these methods are not sufficiently sensitive to identify small changes over time in response to alterations inmanagement practices or changes in land use. Presently, several different in situ analytic methods are being developed purportedly offering increased accuracy, precision and cost-effectiveness over traditional ex situ methods. We consider that, at this stage, a comparative discussion of different soil C determination methods will improve the understanding needed to develop a standard protocol.
Chatterjee, Dr Amitava [Ohio State University; Lal, Dr R [Ohio State University; Wielopolski, Dr L [Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL); Martin, Madhavi Z [ORNL; Ebinger, Dr Michael H [Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL)
Carbon Isotopes
Atmospheric Trace Gases » Carbon Isotopes Atmospheric Trace Gases » Carbon Isotopes Carbon Isotopes Gateway Pages to Isotopes Data Modern Records of Carbon and Oxygen Isotopes in Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide and Carbon-13 in Methane 800,000 Deuterium Record and Shorter Records of Various Isotopic Species from Ice Cores Carbon-13 13C in CO Measurements from Niwot Ridge, Colorado and Montana de Oro, California (Tyler) 13C in CO2 NOAA/CMDL Flask Network (White and Vaughn) CSIRO GASLAB Flask Network (Allison, Francey, and Krummel) CSIRO in situ measurements at Cape Grim, Tasmania (Francey and Allison) Scripps Institution of Oceanography (Keeling et al.) 13C in CH4 NOAA/CMDL Flask Network (Miller and White) Northern & Southern Hemisphere Sites (Quay and Stutsman) Northern & Southern Hemisphere Sites (Stevens)
Capturing and sequestering carbon by enhancing the natural carbon cycle: Prelimary identification of basic science needs and opportunities
This document summarizes proceedings and conclusions of a US DOE workshop. The purpose of the workshop was to identify the underlying research needed to answer the following questions: (1) Can the natural carbon cycle be used to aid in stabilizing or decreasing atmospheric CO{sub 2} and CH{sub 4} by: (a) Increasing carbon capture; (b) Preventing carbon from returning to the atmosphere through intermediate (<100 years) to long-term sequestration (> 100 years)?; and (2) What kind of ecosystem management practices could be used to achieve this? Three working groups were formed to discuss the terrestrial biosphere, oceans, and methane. Basic research needs identified included fundamental understanding of carbon cycling and storage in soils, influence of climate change and anthropogenic emissions on the carbon cycle, and carbon capture and sequestration in oceans. 2 figs., 4 tabs.
Benson, S.M.
The Psychological Underpinnings of the Consumer Role in Energy Demand and Carbon Abatement
grant. 2 2.�Introduction� Spurred�by�a�multitude�of�concerns���depleting�conventional�oil�stocks,�rising�energy�prices,� threats�to�energy�security,�and�equity�issues,�and�a�variety�of�local�environmental�concerns��� curtailing�fossil�fuel�use�is... �efficiency.�One�example� is� the� tendency�people�have� to�assume� that� high�cost�carbon�mitigation�strategies�represent�the�cost�of�any�attempt�to�reduce�fossil�fuel� use.� Certainly� clean� energy� generation,� or� carbon� capture,� are� high?cost� mitigation� strategies...
McNamara, Siobh�n; Grubb, Michael
Columbia River Stock Identification Study; Validation of Genetic Method, 1980-1981 Final Report.
The reliability of a method for obtaining maximum likelihood estimate of component stocks in mixed populations of salmonids through the frequency of genetic variants in a mixed population and in potentially contributing stocks was tested in 1980. A data base of 10 polymorphic loci from 14 hatchery stocks of spring chinook salmon of the Columbia River was used to estimate proportions of these stocks in four different blind'' mixtures whose true composition was only revealed subsequent to obtaining estimates. The accuracy and precision of these blind tests have validated the genetic method as a valuable means for identifying components of stock mixtures. Properties of the genetic method were further examined by simulation studies using the pooled data of the four blind tests as a mixed fishery. Replicated tests with samples sizes between 100 and 1,000 indicated that actual standard deviations on estimated contributions were consistently lower than calculated standard deviations; this difference diminished as sample size increased. It is recommended that future applications of the method be preceded by simulation studies that will identify appropriate levels of sampling required for acceptable levels of accuracy and precision. Variables in such studies include the stocks involved, the loci used, and the genetic differentiation among stocks. 8 refs., 6 figs., 4 tabs.
Milner, George B.; Teel, David J.; Utter, Fred M. (Northwest and Alaska Fisheries Science Center, Coastal Zone and Estuarine Studies Division, Seattle, WA)
Regional partnerships lead US carbon sequestration efforts
During the sixth annual conference on carbon capture and sequestration, 7-10 May 2007, a snapshot was given of progress on characterization efforts and field validation tests being carried out through the Carbon Sequestration Regional Partnership Initiative. The initiative is built on the recognition that geographical differences in fossil fuel/energy use and CO{sub 2} storage sinks across North America will dictate approaches to carbon sequestration. The first characterization phase (2003-2005) identified regional opportunities and developed frameworks to validate and deploy technologies. The validation phase (2005-2009) includes 10 enhanced oil recovery/enhanced gas recovery field tests in progress in Alberta and six US states and is applying lessons learned from these operations to sequestration in unmineable coal seams. Storage in saline formations are the focus of 10 field tests, and terrestrial sequestration will be studied in 11 other projects. 1 tab., 3 photos.
Carbon Sequestration on Surface Mine Lands
During this quarter a general forest monitoring program was conducted to measure treatment effects on above ground and below ground carbon C and Nitrogen (N) pools for the tree planting areas. Detailed studies to address specific questions pertaining to Carbon cycling was initiated with the development of plots to examine the influence of mycorrhizae, spoil chemical and mineralogical properties, and use of amendment on forest establishment and carbon sequestration. Efforts continued during this period to examine decomposition and heterotrophic respiration on C cycling in the reforestation plots. Projected climate change resulting from elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide has given rise to various strategies to sequester carbon in various terrestrial ecosystems. Reclaimed surface mine soils present one such potential carbon sink where traditional reclamation objectives can complement carbon sequestration. New plantings required the modification and design and installation on monitoring equipment. Maintenance and data monitoring on past and present installations are a continuing operation. The Department of Mining Engineering continued the collection of penetration resistance, penetration depth, and bulk density on both old and new treatment areas. Data processing and analysis is in process for these variables. Project scientists and graduate students continue to present results at scientific meetings, tours and field days presentations of the research areas are being conducted on a request basis.
Donald H. Graves; Christopher Barton; Richard Sweigard; Richard Warner
??The importance of the global silicon cycle is becoming increasingly recognized because of its role in the consumption of atmospheric CO2. However, the terrestrial component� (more)
Garvin, Christopher J.
Characterization of extrasolar terrestrial planets from diurnal photometric variability
The detection of massive planets orbiting nearby stars has become almost routine, but current techniques are as yet unable to detect terrestrial planets with masses comparable to the Earth's. Future space-based observatories to detect Earth-like planets are being planned. Terrestrial planets orbiting in the habitable zones of stars-where planetary surface conditions are compatible with the presence of liquid water-are of enormous interest because they might have global environments similar to Earth's and even harbor life. The light scattered by such a planet will vary in intensity and colour as the planet rotates; the resulting light curve will contain information about the planet's properties. Here we report a model that predicts features that should be discernible in light curves obtained by low-precision photometry. For extrasolar planets similar to Earth we expect daily flux variations up to hundreds of percent, depending sensitively on ice and cloud cover. Qualitative changes in surface or climate generate significant changes in the predicted light curves. This work suggests that the meteorological variability and the rotation period of an Earth-like planet could be derived from photometric observations. Other properties such as the composition of the surface (e.g., ocean versus land fraction), climate indicators (for example ice and cloud cover), and perhaps even signatures of Earth-like plant life could be constrained or possibly, with further study, even uniquely determined.
E. B. Ford; S. Seager; E. L. Turner
Improving radiological assessment of doses to man from terrestrial ecosystems
The NKS B-programme EcoDoses project started in 2003 as a collaboration between all the Nordic countries. The aim of the project is to improve the radiological assessments of doses to man from terrestrial ecosystems. The first part, conducted in 2003, has focussed on an extensive collation and review of both published and unpublished data from all the Nordic countries for the nuclear weapons fallout period and the post-Chernobyl period. This included data on radionuclides in air filters, precipitation, soil samples, milk and reindeer. Based on this, an improved model for estimating radioactive fallout based on precipitation data during the nuclear weapons fallout period has been developed. Effective ecological half- lives for 137Cs and 90Sr in milk have been calculated for the nuclear weapons fallout period. For reindeer the ecological half- lives for 137Cs have been calculated for both the nuclear weapons fallout period and the post-Chernobyl period. The data were also used to compare modelling results with observed concentrations. This was done at a workshop where the radioecological food-and-dose module in the ARGOS decision support system was used to predict transfer of deposited radionuclides to foodstuffs and subsequent radiation doses to man. The work conducted the first year is presented in this report and gives interesting, new results relevant for terrestrial radioecology. Key words Nuclear weapons fallout, deposition modelling, food chain modelling, ecological half-lives in reindeer and milk NKS-98
Pohjoismainen Ydinturvallisuustutkimus; Edited Tone; D. Bergan; Astrid Lil
Imaging the Earth's Interior: the Angular Distribution of Terrestrial Neutrinos
Decays of radionuclides throughout the Earth's interior produce geothermal heat, but also are a source of antineutrinos. The (angle-integrated) geoneutrino flux places an integral constraint on the terrestrial radionuclide distribution. In this paper, we calculate the angular distribution of geoneutrinos, which opens a window on the differential radionuclide distribution. We develop the general formalism for the neutrino angular distribution, and we present the inverse transformation which recovers the terrestrial radioisotope distribution given a measurement of the neutrino angular distribution. Thus, geoneutrinos not only allow a means to image the Earth's interior, but offering a direct measure of the radioactive Earth, both (1) revealing the Earth's inner structure as probed by radionuclides, and (2) allowing for a complete determination of the radioactive heat generation as a function of radius. We present the geoneutrino angular distribution for the favored Earth model which has been used to calculate geoneutrino flux. In this model the neutrino generation is dominated by decays in the Earth's mantle and crust; this leads to a very ``peripheral'' angular distribution, in which 2/3 of the neutrinos come from angles > 60 degrees away from the downward vertical. We note the possibility of that the Earth's core contains potassium; different geophysical predictions lead to strongly varying, and hence distinguishable, central intensities (< 30 degrees from the downward vertical). Other uncertainties in the models, and prospects for observation of the geoneutrino angular distribution, are briefly discussed. We conclude by urging the development and construction of antineutrino experiments with angular sensitivity. (Abstract abridged.)
Brian D. Fields; Kathrin A. Hochmuth
Carbon Nanotubes
Carbon Nanotubes. Sponsored by: TMS Electronic, Magnetic and Photonic Materials Division Date and Time: Sunday, February 13, 2005 ~ 8:30 am-5:00 pm
Carbon Nanomaterials
Mar 12, 2012 ... The graphene film was spin-coated using carbon nanotubes to form the cathode of the field emission device. A phosphor coated graphene-PET�...
Stocks and Flows of U and Pu in a World with 3.6 TWe of Nuclear Power
Integrated energy, environment, and economics models project that worldwide electrical energy use will increase to ?12 TWe in 2100 and nuclear power may be required to provide 3.6 TWe at this time. If pulverized coal without carbon sequestration were employed instead, the resulting incremental long-term global temperature rise would be about 2/3 deg C. Calculations are presented of the stocks and flows of uranium and plutonium associated with the scenario where this energy is provided by nuclear power. If only light-water reactors (LWRs) are used, the scenario consumes about 33.4 Mt of mined uranium. Continuing to operate the reactors in place in 2100 through the end of their assumed 60 year lifetime raises this to 59 Mt, 4.7x the NEA/ IAEA Redbook estimate for total discovered + undiscovered uranium. The waste corresponds to about 86x the legally defined capacity of Yucca Mtn. A case is also considered where a transition is begun to fast-spectrum reactors in 2040, both for a �balanced� system of LWRs and transuranic (TRU) burners with conversion ration (CR) = 0.5, and for a system of breeders. In the latter case we find that CR = 1.21 is adequate to replace all LWRs with breeders by 2100, using solely TRU from LWRs to start up the reactors � assuming reprocessed fuel is available for use two years after its removal from the reactor. The stock of plutonium circulating in the fast reactor system in 2100 is comparable to that which would have been buried in the LWR-only case. One year of fueling corresponds to 2,000 � 6,000t of Pu. Fusion energy, if first brought on line in mid-century, could in principle replace fast reactors in this scenario.
Robert J. Goldston
Using Ant Communities For Rapid Assessment Of Terrestrial Ecosystem Health
Measurement of ecosystem health is a very important but often difficult and sometimes fractious topic for applied ecologists. It is important because it can provide information about effects of various external influences like chemical, nuclear, and physical disturbance, and invasive species. Ecosystem health is also a measure of the rate or trajectory of degradation or recovery of systems that are currently suffering impact or those where restoration or remediation have taken place. Further, ecosystem health is the single best indicator of the quality of long term environmental stewardship because it not only provides a baseline condition, but also the means for future comparison and evaluation. Ecosystem health is difficult to measure because there are a nearly infinite number of variables and uncertainty as to which suites of variables are truly indicative of ecosystem condition. It would be impossible and prohibitively expensive to measure all those variables, or even all the ones that were certain to be valid indicators. Measurement of ecosystem health can also be a fractious topic for applied ecologists because there are a myriad of opinions as to which variables are the most important, most easily measured, most robust, and so forth. What is required is an integrative means of evaluating ecosystem health. All ecosystems are dynamic and undergo change either stochastically, intrinsically, or in response to external influences. The basic assumption about change induced by exogenous antropogenic influences is that it is directional and measurable. Historically measurements of surrogate parameters have been used in an attempt to quantify these changes, for example extensive water chemistry data in aquatic systems. This was the case until the 1980's when the Index of Biotic Integrity (IBI) (Karr et al. 1986), was developed. This system collects an array of metrics and fish community data within a stream ecosystem and develops a score or rating for the relative health of the ecosystem. The IBI, though originally for Midwestern streams, has been successfully adapted to other ecoregions and taxa (macroinvertebrates, Lombard and Goldstein, 2004) and has become an important tool for scientists and regulatory agencies alike in determining health of stream ecosystems. The IBI is a specific type of a larger group of methods and procedures referred to as Rapid Bioassessment (RBA). These protocols have the advantage of directly measuring the organisms affected by system perturbations, thus providing an integrated evaluation of system health because the organisms themselves integrate all aspects of their environment and its condition. In addition to the IBI, the RBA concept has also been applied to seep wetlands (Paller et al. 2005) and terrestrial systems (O'Connell et al. 1998, Kremen et al. 1993, Rodriguez et al. 1998, Rosenberg et al. 1986). Terrestrial RBA methods have lagged somewhat behind those for aquatic systems because terrestrial systems are less distinctly defined and seem to have a less universal distribution of an all-inclusive taxon, such as fish in the IBI, upon which to base an RBA. In the last decade, primarily in Australia, extensive development of an RBA using ant communities has shown great promise. Ants have the same advantage for terrestrial RBAs that fish do for aquatic systems in that they are an essential and ubiquitous component of virtually all terrestrial ecosystems. They occupy a broad range of niches, functional groups, and trophic levels and they possess one very important characteristic that makes them ideal for RBA because, similar to the fishes, there is a wide range of tolerance to conditions within the larger taxa. Within ant communities there are certain groups, genera, or species that may be very robust and abundant under even the harshest impacts. There are also taxa that are very sensitive to disturbance and change and their presence or absence is also indicative of the local conditions. Also, as with the aquatic RBAs using macroinvertebrates, ants have a wide variety of functional foragi
Wike, L
The Big Sky Partnership, led by Montana State University, is comprised of research institutions, public entities and private sectors organizations, and the Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes and the Nez Perce Tribe. Efforts during the first performance period fall into four areas: evaluation of sources and carbon sequestration sinks; development of GIS-based reporting framework; designing an integrated suite of monitoring, measuring, and verification technologies; and initiating a comprehensive education and outreach program. At the first Partnership meeting the groundwork was put in place to provide an assessment of capture and storage capabilities for CO{sub 2} utilizing the resources found in the Partnership region (both geological and terrestrial sinks), that would complement the ongoing DOE research. The region has a diverse array of geological formations that could provide storage options for carbon in one or more of its three states. Likewise, initial estimates of terrestrial sinks indicate a vast potential for increasing and maintaining soil C on forested, agricultural, and reclaimed lands. Both options include the potential for offsetting economic benefits to industry and society. Complementary to the efforts on evaluation of sources and sinks is the development of the Big Sky Partnership Carbon Cyberinfrastructure (BSP-CC) and a GIS Road Map for the Partnership. These efforts will put in place a map-based integrated information management system for our Partnership, with transferability to the national carbon sequestration effort. The Partnership recognizes the critical importance of measurement, monitoring, and verification technologies to support not only carbon trading but other policies and programs that DOE and other agencies may want to pursue in support of GHG mitigation. The efforts begun in developing and implementing MMV technologies for geological sequestration reflect this concern. Research is also underway to identify and validate best management practices for soil C in the partnership region, and to design a risk/cost effectiveness framework to make comparative assessments of each viable sink, taking into account economic costs, offsetting benefits, scale of sequestration opportunities, spatial and time dimensions, environmental risks, and long term viability. A series of meetings held in November and December, 2003, have laid the foundations for assessing the issues surrounding the implementation of a market-based setting for soil C credits. These include the impact of existing local, state, and federal permitting issues for terrestrial based carbon sequestration projects, consistency of final protocols and planning standards with national requirements, and alignments of carbon sequestration projects with existing federal and state cost-share programs. Finally, the education and outreach efforts during this performance period have resulted in a comprehensive plan which serves as a guide for implementing the outreach activities under Phase I. The primary goal of this plan is to increase awareness, understanding, and public acceptance of sequestration efforts and build support for a constituent based network which includes the initial Big Sky Partnership and other local and regional businesses and entities.
The Big Sky Carbon Sequestration Partnership, led by Montana State University, is comprised of research institutions, public entities and private sectors organizations, and the Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes and the Nez Perce Tribe. Efforts under this Partnership in Phase I are organized into four areas: (1) Evaluation of sources and carbon sequestration sinks that will be used to determine the location of pilot demonstrations in Phase II; (2) Development of GIS-based reporting framework that links with national networks; (3) Design of an integrated suite of monitoring, measuring, and verification technologies, market-based opportunities for carbon management, and an economic/risk assessment framework; (referred to below as the Advanced Concepts component of the Phase I efforts) and (4) Initiation of a comprehensive education and outreach program. As a result of the Phase I activities, the groundwork is in place to provide an assessment of storage capabilities for CO{sub 2} utilizing the resources found in the Partnership region (both geological and terrestrial sinks), that complements the ongoing DOE research agenda in Carbon Sequestration. The geology of the Big Sky Carbon Sequestration Partnership Region is favorable for the potential sequestration of enormous volume of CO{sub 2}. The United States Geological Survey (USGS 1995) identified 10 geologic provinces and 111 plays in the region. These provinces and plays include both sedimentary rock types characteristic of oil, gas, and coal productions as well as large areas of mafic volcanic rocks. Of the 10 provinces and 111 plays, 1 province and 4 plays are located within Idaho. The remaining 9 provinces and 107 plays are dominated by sedimentary rocks and located in the states of Montana and Wyoming. The potential sequestration capacity of the 9 sedimentary provinces within the region ranges from 25,000 to almost 900,000 million metric tons of CO{sub 2}. Overall every sedimentary formation investigated has significant potential to sequester large amounts of CO{sub 2}. Simulations conducted to evaluate mineral trapping potential of mafic volcanic rock formations located in the Idaho province suggest that supercritical CO{sub 2} is converted to solid carbonate mineral within a few hundred years and permanently entombs the carbon. Although MMV for this rock type may be challenging, a carefully chosen combination of geophysical and geochemical techniques should allow assessment of the fate of CO{sub 2} in deep basalt hosted aquifers. Terrestrial carbon sequestration relies on land management practices and technologies to remove atmospheric CO{sub 2} where it is stored in trees, plants, and soil. This indirect sequestration can be implemented today and is on the front line of voluntary, market-based approaches to reduce CO{sub 2} emissions. Initial estimates of terrestrial sinks indicate a vast potential for increasing and maintaining soil Carbon (C) on rangelands, and forested, agricultural, and reclaimed lands. Rangelands can store up to an additional 0.05 mt C/ha/yr, while the croplands are on average four times that amount. Estimates of technical potential for soil sequestration within the region in cropland are in the range of 2.0 M mt C/yr over 20 year time horizon. This is equivalent to approximately 7.0 M mt CO{sub 2}e/yr. The forestry sinks are well documented, and the potential in the Big Sky region ranges from 9-15 M mt CO{sub 2} equivalent per year. Value-added benefits include enhanced yields, reduced erosion, and increased wildlife habitat. Thus the terrestrial sinks provide a viable, environmentally beneficial, and relatively low cost sink that is available to sequester C in the current time frame. The Partnership recognizes the critical importance of measurement, monitoring, and verification technologies to support not only carbon trading but all policies and programs that DOE and other agencies may want to pursue in support of GHG mitigation. The efforts in developing and implementing MMV technologies for geological and terrestrial sequestration re
Susan Capalbo
Comparison of Forest Soil Carbon Dynamics at Five Sites Along a Latitudinal Gradient
Carbon stocks, and C:N ratios, were measured in the forest floor, mineral soil, and two mineral soil fractions (particulate and mineral-associated organic matter, POM and MOM, respectively) at five forest sites, ranging from 60 to 100 years old, along a latitudinal gradient in the eastern United States. Sampling at four sites was replicated over two consecutive years. For many measurements (like forest floor carbon stocks, cumulative soil organic carbon stocks to 20 cm, and the fraction of whole soil carbon in POM), there was no significant difference between years at each site despite the use of somewhat different sampling methods. With one exception, forest floor and mineral soil carbon stocks increased from warm, southern, sites (with fine-textured soils) to northern, cool, sites (with more coarse-textured soils). The exception was a northern site, with less than 10% silt-clay content, that had a soil organic carbon stock similar to those measured at southern sites. Soil carbon at each site was partitioned into two pools (labile and stable) on the basis of carbon measured in the forest floor and POM and MOM fractions from the mineral soil. A two-compartment steady-state model, with randomly varying parameter values, was used in probabilistic calculations to estimate the turnover time of labile soil organic carbon (MRTU) and the annual transfer of labile carbon to stable carbon (k2) at each site in two different years. Based on empirical data, the turnover time of stable soil carbon (MRTS) was determined by mean annual temperature and increased from 30 to 100 years from south to north. Moving from south to north, MRTU increased from approximately 5 to 14 years. Consistent with prior studies, 13C enrichment factors ( ) from the Rayleigh equation, that describe the rate of change in 13C through the soil profile, were an indicator of soil carbon turnover times along the latitudinal gradient. Consistent with its role in stabilization of soil organic carbon, silt-clay content along the gradient was positively correlated (r = 0.91; P 0.001) with parameter k2. Mean annual temperature was indicated as the environmental factor most strongly associated with south to north differences in the storage and turnover of labile soil carbon. However, soil texture appeared to override the influence of temperature when there was too little silt-clay content to stabilize labile soil carbon and thereby protect it from decomposition. Irrespective of latitudinal differences in measured soil carbon stocks, each study site had a relatively high proportion of labile soil carbon (approximately 50% of whole soil carbon to a depth of 20 cm). Depending on unknown temperature sensitivities, large labile pools of forest soil carbon are potentially at risk of depletion by decomposition in a warming climate, and losses could be disproportionately higher from coarse textured forest soils.
Garten Jr, Charles T [ORNL
Analysis of Realized Volatility in Two Trading Sessions of the Japanese Stock Market
We analyze realized volatilities constructed using high-frequency stock data on the Tokyo Stock Exchange. In order to avoid non-trading hours issue in volatility calculations we define two realized volatilities calculated separately in the two trading sessions of the Tokyo Stock Exchange, i.e. morning and afternoon sessions. After calculating the realized volatilities at various sampling frequencies we evaluate the bias from the microstructure noise as a function of sampling frequency. Taking into account of the bias to realized volatility we examine returns standardized by realized volatilities and confirm that price returns on the Tokyo Stock Exchange are described approximately by Gaussian time series with time-varying volatility, i.e. consistent with a mixture of distributions hypothesis.
Takaishi, Tetsuya; Zheng, Zeyu
Disaster debris management and recovery of housing stock in San Francisco, CA
This thesis investigates the potential effects of a 7.2 magnitude earthquake in San Francisco City, particularly the implications on San Francisco's residential housing stock and impacts on the construction and demolition ...
Saiyed, Zahraa Nazim
Distillate Stocks Expected to Remain Low - U.S. Energy Information ...
,"U.S. Refinery, Bulk Terminal, and Natural Gas Plant Stocks...
S1","MDGSXUS1","MRESXUS1","MPRSXUS1" "Date","U.S. Finished Motor Gasoline Stocks at Refineries, Bulk Terminals, and Natural Gas Plants (Thousand Barrels)","U.S. Reformulated Motor...
GG&A Hoofed Stock Price Year low high Comments 1971 97 ...
Page 1. GG&A Hoofed Stock Price Year low high Comments 1971 97�245 Bad year. 72 245�245 Light trading due to a heavy winter. ...
International stock market linkages : are overnight returns on the U.S. Market informative?.
??Based on the theory of international stock market co-movements, this study shows that a profitable trading strategy can be developed. The U.S. market return is� (more)
An, Byeongung
U.S. Refinery Grade Butane Stocks at Bulk Terminals (Thousand ...
U.S. Refinery Grade Butane Stocks at Bulk Terminals (Thousand Barrels) Decade Year-0 Year-1 Year-2 Year-3 Year-4 Year-5 Year-6 Year-7 Year-8 Year-9; ...
U.S. Normal Butane-Butylene Stocks at Natural Gas Processing ...
U.S. Normal Butane-Butylene Stocks at Natural Gas Processing Plants (Thousand Barrels) Year Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec; 1993: ...
U.S. Refinery Grade Butane Stocks at Bulk Terminals (Thousand Barrels) Year Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec; 2005: 1,077: 999: 1,362: ...
U.S. Ending Stocks of Normal Butane-Butylene (Thousand Barrels)
U.S. Ending Stocks of Normal Butane-Butylene (Thousand Barrels) Year Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec; 1981: 26,098: 24,979: 24,689: ...
Combining artificial neural networks and statistics for stock-market forecasting
We have developed a stock-market forecasting system based on artificial neural networks. The system has been trained with the Standard & Poor 500 composite indexes of past twenty years. Meanwhile, the system produces the forecasts and adjusts ...
Shaun-Inn Wu; Ruey-Pyng Lu
More than just a school : an exploration in tractable neighborhood building stock
Shortages in land and resources are stiffling new construction and forcing the pursuit of alternate means to satisfy society's space needs within the existing building stock. Most existing buildings were not designed for ...
Stevermer, John Alton
The Puzzle of Asymmetric Effects of Oil: New Results from International Stock Markets ?
Previous work has documented that oil price changes have nonlinear effects in the economy and in stock market returns. We show that the nonlinear effects are different depending on whether countries are energy dependent or not. While price soars seem to have a negative effect on the stock markets of oil energy dependent countries, they have a positive effect on the stock markets of oil exporting countries. Stock market returns are negatively affected by oil price volatility in energy dependent countries and positively in oil exporting countries. Moreover, we find bi-directional effects between oil price increases and some oil volatility measures that can be reinforced with volatility feedback. The asymmetric effects found in oil dependent and oil exporting countries seem to fit into the offset mechanism proposed in the literature where oil price shocks interact both with oil price volatility and the economy. The results are also consistent with the finding that oil exporting countries benefit economically from oil price hikes.
Establishing a New Stock Market for Shareholder Value Oriented Firms in Korea
a reform, moreover, may give Korea the incentive and time toConference Program (Seoul, Korea 2002) sponsored by theVALUE*** (BIL. WON) OF * The Korea composite stock price
Choi, Stephen
NETL: Carbon Storage - Carbon Sequestration Leadership Forum
CSLF Carbon Storage Carbon Sequestration Leadership Forum CSLF Logo The Carbon Sequestration Leadership Forum (CSLF) is a voluntary climate initiative of industrially developed and...
Recovering a time-homogeneous stock price process from perpetual option prices
It is well-known how to determine the price of perpetual American options if the underlying stock price is a time-homogeneous diffusion. In the present paper we consider the inverse problem, i.e. given prices of perpetual American options for different strikes we show how to construct a time-homogeneous model for the stock price which reproduces the given option prices.
Ekstrom, Erik
Dynamic resource allocation in a multi-product make-to-stock production system
We consider optimal policies for a production facility in which several (K) products are made to stock in order to satisfy exogenous demand for each. The single machine version of this problem in which the facility manufactures at most ... Keywords: 68M20, 90B30, 90C39, Backordering, Dynamic programming, Dynamic resource allocation, Index heuristic, Lagrangian relaxation, Make-to-stock policy, Queueing control
D. J. Hodge; K. D. Glazebrook
NETL: News Release - Terrestial Carbon Sequestration Test Underway at
Terrestial Carbon Sequestration Test Underway at Reclaimed Mine Site Terrestial Carbon Sequestration Test Underway at Reclaimed Mine Site DOE, TVA, EPRI Team to Use Coal Products to Enhance Nature's "Biological CO2 Scrubber" at Test Site in Kentucky DRAKESBORO, KY - The U.S. Department of Energy has joined forces with the Tennessee Valley Authority and the Electric Power Research Institute to demonstrate what might be termed a "grassroots" approach to sequestering carbon dioxide. The new project will use coal combustion byproducts to enhance the storage of carbon in vegetation and soils. - Photo - TVA's Paradise Power Plant - The new terrestrial carbon sequestration project will be sited on reclaimed mine land next to the Paradise Fossil Plant, TVA's second largest power plant. A surface mine reclamation project at the 2,558-megawatt TVA-owned Paradise
NETL: Carbon Storage - Regional Partnership Validation Phase (Phase II)
Validation Phase (Phase II) Projects Validation Phase (Phase II) Projects The Regional Carbon Sequestration Partnerships' (RCSP) Validation Phase focuses on validating the most promising regional opportunities to deploy CCS technologies by building upon the accomplishments of the Characterization Phase. Two different CO2 storage approaches are being pursued in this phase: geologic and terrestrial carbon storage. The Validation Phase includes 20 geologic and 11 terrestrial CO2 storage projects. Efforts are being conducted to: Validate and refine current reservoir simulations for CO2 storage projects. Collect physical data to confirm CO2 storage potential and injectivity estimates. Demonstrate the effectiveness of monitoring, verification, and accounting (MVA) technologies. Develop guidelines for well completion, operations, and abandonment.
Listing Policy and Development of the Tokyo Stock Exchange in the Pre-War Period *
Recent studies have established that the Japanese stock market had a substantial size in the prewar period and played an important role in financing economic development. The pre-war stock market in Japan, however, did not achieve its size and status quickly. Indeed, the market capitalization stayed relatively small during the early years of the stock market development in Japan. This paper studies the pre-war development of the Tokyo Stock Exchange (TSE), and examines why the development was rather stagnant during the first 40 years and what led to its take-off in the late 1910s. The key to our explanation is the externality in listing shares: one firm�s decision to list on a stock exchange increases the attractiveness of the stock exchange to other firms by increasing the liquidity of the market. Such an externality suggests the possibility of multiple equilibria. The paper argues that a small change in the TSE�s listing policy in 1918 shifted the equilibrium from one with low number of listings and low liquidity to another one with high number of listings and high liquidity. The paper provides suggestive evidence from listing behavior of cotton spinning firms that shows the size of the market indeed mattered for their listing decision before 1918. The paper was prepared for the 18th Annual East Asian Seminar on Economics. We thank
Yasushi Hamao; Takeo Hoshi; Tetsuji Okazaki; Takatoshi Ito; Andrew Rose; Youngjae Lim; Masaya Sakuragawa
Satellite-Based Modeling of the Carbon Fluxes in Mature Black Spruce Forests in Alaska: A Synthesis of the Eddy Covariance Data and Satellite Remote Sensing Data
Scaling up of observed point data to estimate regional carbon fluxes is an important issue in the context of the global terrestrial carbon cycle. In this study, the authors proposed a new model to scale up the eddy covariance data to estimate ...
Masahito Ueyama; Yoshinobu Harazono; Kazuhito Ichii
Tenure-Track Position in Climate Change Science Terrestrial Biogeochemistry
change. For example, a candidate may focus on connections between soil- and vegetation-related greenhouse gas emissions or carbon sequestration with changes in land use, cover and management. This "open
Angenent, Lars T.
WATCH: Current Knowledge of the Terrestrial Global Water Cycle
Water-related impacts are among the most important consequences of increasing greenhouse gas concentrations. Changes in the global water cycle will also impact the carbon and nutrient cycles and vegetation patterns. There is already some evidence ...
Richard Harding; Martin Best; Eleanor Blyth; Stefan Hagemann; Pavel Kabat; Lena M. Tallaksen; Tanya Warnaars; David Wiberg; Graham P. Weedon; Henny van Lanen; Fulco Ludwig; Ingjerd Haddeland
The interspecific biomassdensity relationship for terrestrial plants: where do clonal red seaweeds
The interspecific biomass±density relationship for terrestrial plants: where do clonal red seaweeds (or ramet, for clonal plants) density is negatively related to stand biomass. Stand biomass and ramet biomass was higher than average values expected from the terrestrial interspecific biomass
Scrosati, Ricardo
Compton scattering effects on the duration of terrestrial gamma-ray flashes
; published 18 January 2012. [1] Terrestrial gamma-ray flashes (TGFs) are gamma-ray bursts detected from space) recently discovered by the gamma-ray burst monitor (GBM) aboard the Fermi Gamma-Ray Space Telescope. Introduction [2] Terrestrial gamma-ray flashes (TGFs) are bursts of high-energy photons originating from
Pasko, Victor
Dr. Yeqiao (Y.Q.) Wang Professor in Terrestrial Remote Sensing
1 Dr. Yeqiao (Y.Q.) Wang Professor in Terrestrial Remote Sensing Department of Natural Resources://www.ltrs.uri.edu ________________________________________________________________________ Research Interests My research interests and teaching responsibilities are in terrestrial remote sensing. M.Sc., Natural Resources Management & Engineering: Univ. of Connecticut, 1992. M.Sc., Remote Sensing
Wang, Y.Q. "Yeqiao"
Terrestrial lidar and hyperspectral data fusion products for geological outcrop analysis
Close-range hyperspectral imaging is an emerging technique for remotely mapping mineral content and distributions in inaccessible geological outcrop surfaces, allowing subtle chemical variations to be identified with high resolution and accuracy. Terrestrial ... Keywords: Ground-based, Integration, Surface modelling, Terrestrial laser scanning, Virtual outcrop models, Visualisation
Simon J. Buckley, Tobias H. Kurz, John A. Howell, Danilo Schneider
Externally Occulted Terrestrial Planet Finder Coronagraph: Simulations and Sensitivities
A multitude of coronagraphic techniques for the space-based direct detection and characterization of exo-solar terrestrial planets are actively being pursued by the astronomical community. Typical coronagraphs have internal shaped focal plane and/or pupil plane occulting masks which block and/or diffract starlight thereby increasing the planet's contrast with respect to its parent star. Past studies have shown that any internal technique is limited by the ability to sense and control amplitude, phase (wavefront) and polarization to exquisite levels - necessitating stressing optical requirements. An alternative and promising technique is to place a starshade, i.e. external occulter, at some distance in front of the telescope. This starshade suppresses most of the starlight before entering the telescope - relaxing optical requirements to that of a more conventional telescope. While an old technique it has been recently been advanced by the recognition that circularly symmetric graded apodizers can be well appro...
Lyon, Richard G; Lo, Amy; Cash, Webster; Starkman, Glenn D; Vanderbei, Robert J; Kasdin, N Jeremy; Copi, Craig J
Fermi GBM Observations of Terrestrial Gamma-ray Flashes
Terrestrial Gamma-ray Flashes are short pulses of energetic radiation associated with thunderstorms and lightning. While the Gamma-ray Burst Monitor (GBM) on Fermi was designed to observe gamma-ray bursts, its large BGO detectors are excellent for observing TGFs. Using GBM, TGF pulses are seen to either be symmetrical or have faster rise time than fall times. Some TGFs are resolved into double, partially overlapping pulses. Using ground-based radio observations of lightning from the World Wide Lightning Location Network (WWLLN), TGFs and their associated lightning are found to be simultaneous to {approx_equal}40 {mu} s. The lightning locations are typically within 300 km of the sub-spacecraft point.
Briggs, Michael S. [CSPAR, NSSTC, 320 Sparkman Drive, Huntsville, AL 35805 (United States)
System, method, and apparatus for remote measurement of terrestrial biomass
A system, method, and/or apparatus for remote measurement of terrestrial biomass contained in vegetative elements, such as large tree boles or trunks present in an area of interest, are provided. The method includes providing an airborne VHF radar system in combination with a LiDAR system, overflying the area of interest while directing energy toward the area of interest, using the VHF radar system to collect backscatter data from the trees as a function of incidence angle and frequency, and determining a magnitude of the biomass from the backscatter data and data from the laser radar system for each radar resolution cell. A biomass map is generated showing the magnitude of the biomass of the vegetative elements as a function of location on the map by using each resolution cell as a unique location thereon. In certain preferred embodiments, a single frequency is used with a linear array antenna.
Johnson, Patrick W (Jefferson, MD)
A disconnect between O horizon and mineral soil carbon - Implications for soil C sequestration
Changing inputs of carbon to soil is one means of potentially increasing carbon sequestration in soils for the purpose of mitigating projected increases in atmospheric CO{sub 2} concentrations. The effect of manipulations of aboveground carbon input on soil carbon storage was tested in a temperate, deciduous forest in east Tennessee, USA. A 4.5-year experiment included exclusion of aboveground litterfall and supplemental litter additions (three times ambient) in an upland and a valley that differed in soil nitrogen availability. The estimated decomposition rate of the carbon stock in the O horizon was greater in the valley than in the upland due to higher litter quality (i.e., lower C/N ratios). Short-term litter exclusion or addition had no effect on carbon stock in the mineral soil, measured to a depth of 30 cm, or the partitioning of carbon in the mineral soil between particulate- and mineral-associated organic matter. A two-compartment model was used to interpret results from the field experiments. Field data and a sensitivity analysis of the model were consistent with little carbon transfer between the O horizon and the mineral soil. Increasing aboveground carbon input does not appear to be an effective means of promoting carbon sequestration in forest soil at the location of the present study because a disconnect exists in carbon dynamics between O horizon and mineral soil. Factors that directly increase inputs to belowground soil carbon, via roots, or reduce decomposition rates of organic matter are more likely to benefit efforts to increase carbon sequestration in forests where carbon dynamics in the O horizon are uncoupled from the mineral soil.
The Big Sky Carbon Sequestration Partnership, led by Montana State University, is comprised of research institutions, public entities and private sectors organizations, and the Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes and the Nez Perce Tribe. Efforts under this Partnership in Phase I fall into four areas: evaluation of sources and carbon sequestration sinks that will be used to determine the location of pilot demonstrations in Phase II; development of GIS-based reporting framework that links with national networks; designing an integrated suite of monitoring, measuring, and verification technologies and assessment frameworks; and initiating a comprehensive education and outreach program. The groundwork is in place to provide an assessment of storage capabilities for CO{sub 2} utilizing the resources found in the Partnership region (both geological and terrestrial sinks), that would complement the ongoing DOE research. Efforts are underway to showcase the architecture of the GIS framework and initial results for sources and sinks. The region has a diverse array of geological formations that could provide storage options for carbon in one or more of its three states. Likewise, initial estimates of terrestrial sinks indicate a vast potential for increasing and maintaining soil C on forested, agricultural, and reclaimed lands. Both options include the potential for offsetting economic benefits to industry and society. Steps have been taken to assure that the GIS-based framework is consistent among types of sinks within the Big Sky Partnership area and with the efforts of other western DOE partnerships. The Partnership recognizes the critical importance of measurement, monitoring, and verification technologies to support not only carbon trading but all policies and programs that DOE and other agencies may want to pursue in support of GHG mitigation. The efforts in developing and implementing MMV technologies for geological sequestration reflect this concern. Research is also underway to identify and validate best management practices for soil C in the Partnership region, and to design a risk/cost effectiveness framework to make comparative assessments of each viable sink, taking into account economic costs, offsetting benefits, scale of sequestration opportunities, spatial and time dimensions, environmental risks, and long-term viability. Scientifically sound information on MMV is critical for public acceptance of these technologies.
Lake Roosevelt Fisheries Evaluation Program; Meadow Creek vs. Lake Whatcom Stock Kokanee Salmon Investigations in Lake Roosevelt, Annual Report 2002.
Lake Whatcom, Washington kokanee have been stocked in Lake Roosevelt since 1987 with the primary objective of creating a self-sustaining fishery. Success has been limited by low recruitment to the fishery, low adult returns to hatcheries, and a skewed sex ratio. It was hypothesized that a stock native to the upper Columbia River might perform better than the coastal Lake Whatcom stock. Kokanee from Meadow Creek, a tributary of Kootenay Lake, British Columbia were selected as an alternative stock. Post smolts from each stock were released from Sherman Creek Hatchery in late June 2000 and repeated in 2001. Stock performance was evaluated using three measures; (1) number of returns to Sherman Creek, the primary egg collection facility, (2) the number of returns to 86 tributaries sampled and, (3) the number of returns to the creel. In two repeated experiments, neither Meadow Creek or Lake Whatcom kokanee appeared to be capable of providing a run of three-year old spawners to sustain stocking efforts. Less than 10 three-years olds from either stock were collected during the study period. Chi-square analysis indicated age two Meadow Creek kokanee returned to Sherman Creek and to other tributaries in significantly higher numbers when compared to the Lake Whatcom stock in both 2000 and 2001. However, preliminary data from the Spokane Tribe of Indians indicated that a large number of both stocks were precocial before they were stocked. The small number of hatchery three-year olds collected indicated that the current hatchery rearing and stocking methods will continue to produce a limited jacking run largely composed of precocious males and a small number of three-year olds. No kokanee from the study were collected during standard lake wide creel surveys. Supplemental creel data, including fishing derbies, test fisheries, and angler diaries, indicated anglers harvested two-year-old hatchery kokanee a month after release. The majority of the two-year old kokanee harvested were from a direct stock at the Fort Spokane boat launch. Only Lake Whatcom kokanee were stocked from the boat launch, therefore stock performance was not evaluated, however the high success of the stocking location will likely increase harvest of hatchery kokanee in the future. Despite low numbers of the targeted three-year olds, Meadow Creek kokanee should be stocked when possible to promote fish native to the upper Columbia River.
McLellan, Holly
Carbon Cycle Print E-mail U.S. Carbon Cycle Science Program U.S. Carbon Cycle Science Program The U.S. Carbon Cycle Science Program, in consultation with the Carbon Cycle...
Carbon Sequestration
David a. Lang David a. Lang Project Manager National Energy Technology Laboratory 626 Cochrans Mill Road P.O. Box 10940 Pittsburgh, PA 15236 412-386-4881 email@example.com andrew chizmeshya Arizona State University Center for Solid State Science Tempe, AZ 85287-1704 480-965-6072 email@example.com A Novel ApproAch to MiNerAl cArboNAtioN: eNhANciNg cArboNAtioN While AvoidiNg MiNerAl pretreAtMeNt process cost Background Carbonation of the widely occurring minerals of the olivine group, such as forsterite (Mg 2 SiO 4 ), is a potential large-scale sequestration process that converts CO 2 into the environmentally benign mineral magnesite (MgCO 3 ). Because the process is exothermic, it inherently offers low-cost potential. Enhancing carbonation reactivity is the key to economic viability. Previous
Phosphate influences cycling of iron and carbon in the environment |
Science Science Computing, Environment & Life Sciences Energy Engineering & Systems Analysis Photon Sciences Physical Sciences & Engineering Energy Frontier Research Centers Science Highlights Postdoctoral Researchers Phosphate influences cycling of iron and carbon in the environment August 30, 2013 Tweet EmailPrint Aquatic and terrestrial environments are dynamic systems where coupled microbiological, geochemical, and hydrological processes define the complex interactions that drive the biogeochemical cycling of water and the major and minor elements. Therefore, a thorough understanding of these complex interactions is critical for predicting the biogeochemical cycling of carbon, nutrients, heavy metals, radionuclides, and other contaminants; managing water quality; and understanding the interactions between
A conceptual framework for the evaluation of cost-effectiveness of projects to reduce GHG emissions and sequester carbon
This paper proposes a conceptual framework for evaluating the cost of projects to reduce atmospheric greenhouse gases (GHGs). The evaluation of cost-effectiveness should account for both the timing of carbon emissions and the damage caused by the atmospheric stock of carbon. We develop a conceptual basis to estimate the cost-effectiveness of projects in terms of the cost of reducing atmospheric carbon (CRAC) and other GHGs. CRAC accounts for the economic discount rate, alternative functional forms of the shadow price, the residence period of carbon in the atmosphere, and the multiple monetary benefits of projects. The last item is of particular importance to the developing countries.
Sathaye, J.; Norgaard, R.; Makundi, W.
Measurement of carbon for carbon sequestration and site monitoring
A 2 to 6 degree C increase in global temperature by 2050 has been predicted due to the production of greenhouse gases that is directly linked to human activities. This has encouraged an increase in the international efforts on ways to reduce anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases particularly carbon dioxide (CO{sub 2}) as evidence for the link between atmospheric greenhouse gases and climate change has been established. Suggestion that soils and vegetation could be managed to increase their uptake and storage of CO{sub 2}, and thus become 'land carbon sinks' is an incentive for scientists to undertake the ability to measure and quantify the carbon in soils and vegetation to establish base-line quantities present at this time. The verification of the permanence of these carbon sinks has raised some concern regarding the accuracy of their long-term existence. Out of the total percentage of carbon that is potentially sequestered in the terrestrial land mass, only 25% of that is sequestered above ground and almost 75% is hypothesized to be sequestered underground. Soil is composed of solids, liquids, and gases which is similar to a three-phase system. The gross chemical composition of soil organic carbon (SOC) consists of 65% humic substances that are amorphous, dark-colored, complex, polyelectrolyte-like materials that range in molecular weight from a few hundred to several thousand Daltons. The very complex structure of humic and fulvic acid makes it difficult to obtain a spectral signature for all soils in general. The humic acids of different soils have been observed to have polymeric structure, appearing as rings, chains and clusters as seen in electron microscope observations. The humification processes of the soils will decide the sizes of their macromolecules that range from 60-500 angstroms. The percentage of the humus that occurs in the light brown soils is much lower than the humus present in dark brown soils. The humus of forest soils is characterized by a high content of fulvic acids while the humus of peat and grassland soils is high in humic acids. Similarly it is well known that the amount of carbon present in forest soils is lower than the amount present in grassland soils.
Martin, Madhavi Z [ORNL; Wullschleger, Stan D [ORNL; Garten Jr, Charles T [ORNL; Palumbo, Anthony Vito [ORNL
How different types of restaurants behaved differently through the recent recession an analysis of stock market and financial ratios.
??This study attempted to identify, quantify, and explain the possible impact the recession had on restaurant stock performance in comparison with the S&P 500 index� (more)
Wang, Xiaofan
On the shortterm influence of oil price changes on stock markets in GCC countries: linear and nonlinear analyses
This paper examines the short-run relationships between oil prices and GCC stock markets. Since GCC countries are major world energy market players, their stock markets may be susceptible to oil price shocks. To account for the fact that stock markets may respond nonlinearly to oil price shocks, we have examined both linear and nonlinear relationships. Our findings show that there are significant links between the two variables in Qatar, Oman, and UAE. Thus, stock markets in these countries react positively to oil price
Mohamed El; Hedi Arouri; Julien Fouquau
NETL: First National Conference on Carbon Sequestration
First National Conference on Carbon Sequestration First National Conference on Carbon Sequestration Table of Contents Disclaimer Papers and Presentations Plenary Session Industry Focus Panel Discussion Session 1A. Geologic Sequestration I - Overview Session 1B. Capture & Separation I - Industrial Efforts Session 1C. Modeling I - Case Studies & Deployment Session 2A. Geologic Sequestration II - EOR/EGR Session 2B. Capture & Separation II - Improved Processes Session 2C. Modeling II - Economics Poster Presentations International Panel Discussion Session 3A. Geologic Sequestration III - Enhanced Coalbed Methane Session 3B. Capture & Separation III - Adsorption Studies Session 3C. Terrestrial Sequestration I - Ecosystem Behavior Session 4A. Geologic Sequestration IV - Saline Aquifers Session 4B. Capture & Separation IV - Power Systems Concepts
The Human Carbon Budget: An Estimate of the Spatial Distribution of Metabolic Carbon Consumption and Release in the United States
Carbon dioxide is taken up by agricultural crops and released soon after during the consumption of agricultural commodities. The global net impact of this process on carbon flux to the atmosphere is negligible, but impact on the spatial distribution of carbon dioxide uptake and release across regions and continents is significant. To estimate the consumption and release of carbon by humans over the landscape, we developed a carbon budget for humans in the United States. The budget was derived from food commodity intake data for the US and from algorithms representing the metabolic processing of carbon by humans. Data on consumption, respiration, and waste of carbon by humans were distributed over the US using geospatial population data with a resolution of approximately 450 x 450 m. The average adult in the US contains about 21 kg C and consumes about 67 kg C yr-1 which is balanced by the annual release of about 59 kg C as expired CO2, 7 kg C as feces and urine, and less than 1 kg C as flatus, sweat, and aromatic compounds. In 2000, an estimated 17.2 Tg C were consumed by the US population and 15.2 Tg C were expired to the atmosphere as CO2. Historically, carbon stock in the US human population has increased between 1790-2006 from 0.06 Tg to 5.37 Tg. Displacement and release of total harvested carbon per capita in the US is nearly 12% of per capita fossil fuel emissions. Humans are using, storing, and transporting carbon about the Earth s surface. Inclusion of these carbon dynamics in regional carbon budgets can improve our understanding of carbon sources and sinks.
West, Tristram O. [ORNL; Singh, Nagendra [ORNL; Marland, Gregg [ORNL; Bhaduri, Budhendra L [ORNL
Modern Records of Carbon and Oxygen Isotopes in Atmospheric Carbon...
Modern Records of Carbon and Oxygen Isotopes in Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide and Carbon-13 in Methane Modern Records of Carbon and Oxygen Isotopes in Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide and...
Feds Feed Families Wraps Up Successful Campaign to Stock Area Food Banks |
Feds Feed Families Wraps Up Successful Campaign to Stock Area Food Feds Feed Families Wraps Up Successful Campaign to Stock Area Food Banks Feds Feed Families Wraps Up Successful Campaign to Stock Area Food Banks August 1, 2012 - 12:00pm Addthis EMâs Nevada Site Office took first place in the site-submitted category of DOEâs CANstruction Sculpture Contest for its entry, shown here, inspired by Londonâs Tower Bridge during the 2012 Summer Olympics. EM's Nevada Site Office took first place in the site-submitted category of DOE's CANstruction Sculpture Contest for its entry, shown here, inspired by London's Tower Bridge during the 2012 Summer Olympics. EM Office of Strategic Planning and Analysis Director Barry Gaffney throws the ball that sends Senior Advisor for Environmental Management David Huizenga into the dunk tank during an event to collect nonperishable food items for the DOE Feeds Families campaign.
DOE Completes Sale of Northeast Home Heating Oil Stocks | Department of
Completes Sale of Northeast Home Heating Oil Stocks Completes Sale of Northeast Home Heating Oil Stocks DOE Completes Sale of Northeast Home Heating Oil Stocks February 10, 2011 - 12:00pm Addthis Washington, DC - The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) today has awarded contracts to four companies who successfully bid for the purchase of 1,000,000 barrels of heating oil from the Northeast Home Heating Oil Reserve storage sites in Groton and New Haven, CT. Hess Groton Terminal, Groton, CT Shell Trading U.S. Company 150,000 barrels Sprague Energy Corp. 100,000 barrels Magellan New Haven Terminal, New Haven, CT Hess Corporation 300,000 barrels Morgan Stanley 450,000 barrels Today's sale was the second held as part of the Department's initiative to convert the 1,984,253 barrel heating oil reserve to cleaner burning
Window-Related Energy Consumption in the US Residential and Commercial Building Stock
Window-Related Energy Consumption in the US Window-Related Energy Consumption in the US Residential and Commercial Building Stock Joshua Apte and Dariush Arasteh, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory LBNL-60146 Abstract We present a simple spreadsheet-based tool for estimating window-related energy consumption in the United States. Using available data on the properties of the installed US window stock, we estimate that windows are responsible for 2.15 quadrillion Btu (Quads) of heating energy consumption and 1.48 Quads of cooling energy consumption annually. We develop estimates of average U-factor and SHGC for current window sales. We estimate that a complete replacement of the installed window stock with these products would result in energy savings of approximately 1.2 quads. We demonstrate
Coherence-based multivariate analysis of high frequency stock market values
The paper tackles the problem of deriving a topological structure among stock prices from high frequency historical values. Similar studies using low frequency data have already provided valuable insights. However, in those cases data need to be collected for a longer period and then they have to be detrended. An effective technique based on averaging a metric function on short subperiods of the observation horizon is suggested. Since a standard correlation-based metric is not capable of catching dependencies at different time instants, it is not expected to perform the best when dealing with high frequency data. Hence, the choice of a more suitable metric is discussed. In particular, a coherence-based metric is proposed, for it is able to detect any possible linear relation between two times series, even at different time instants. The averaging technique is employed to analyze a set of 100 high volume stocks of the New York Stock Exchange, observed during March 2008.
Donatello Materassi; Giacomo Innocenti
EM Rockets Past Target for Donations to Stock Food Banks | Department of
Rockets Past Target for Donations to Stock Food Banks Rockets Past Target for Donations to Stock Food Banks EM Rockets Past Target for Donations to Stock Food Banks November 13, 2012 - 12:00pm Addthis EMCBC Director Jack Craig, left to right, EM Executive Assistant Jillian Carter, who is EM's Feds Feed Families representative, and Senior Advisor for Environmental Management David Huizenga pause for a photo Nov. 8. Craig holds the "Teamwork Award" he and his staff received. EMCBC Director Jack Craig, left to right, EM Executive Assistant Jillian Carter, who is EM's Feds Feed Families representative, and Senior Advisor for Environmental Management David Huizenga pause for a photo Nov. 8. Craig holds the "Teamwork Award" he and his staff received. Savannah River Site Acquisition Operations Division Director David Hepner donated more than 1,000 pounds of food to the campaign.
Wuhan Linuo Solar Energy Group Stock Co Ltd | Open Energy Information
Solar Energy Group Stock Co Ltd Solar Energy Group Stock Co Ltd Jump to: navigation, search Name Wuhan Linuo Solar Energy Group Stock Co Ltd Place Wuhan, Hubei Province, China Zip 430015 Sector Solar Product String representation "Develop, manufa ... istry painting." is too long. Coordinates 30.572399°, 114.279121° Loading map... {"minzoom":false,"mappingservice":"googlemaps3","type":"ROADMAP","zoom":14,"types":["ROADMAP","SATELLITE","HYBRID","TERRAIN"],"geoservice":"google","maxzoom":false,"width":"600px","height":"350px","centre":false,"title":"","label":"","icon":"","visitedicon":"","lines":[],"polygons":[],"circles":[],"rectangles":[],"copycoords":false,"static":false,"wmsoverlay":"","layers":[],"controls":["pan","zoom","type","scale","streetview"],"zoomstyle":"DEFAULT","typestyle":"DEFAULT","autoinfowindows":false,"kml":[],"gkml":[],"fusiontables":[],"resizable":false,"tilt":0,"kmlrezoom":false,"poi":true,"imageoverlays":[],"markercluster":false,"searchmarkers":"","locations":[{"text":"","title":"","link":null,"lat":30.572399,"lon":114.279121,"alt":0,"address":"","icon":"","group":"","inlineLabel":"","visitedicon":""}]}
DOE Accepts Bids for Northeast Home Heating Oil Stocks | Department of
Accepts Bids for Northeast Home Heating Oil Stocks Accepts Bids for Northeast Home Heating Oil Stocks DOE Accepts Bids for Northeast Home Heating Oil Stocks February 3, 2011 - 12:00pm Addthis Washington, DC - The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) today has awarded contracts to three companies who successfully bid for the purchase of 984,253 barrels of heating oil from the Northeast Home Heating Oil Reserve. Awardee Amount Morgan Stanley 500,000 barrels Shell Trading U.S. Company 250,000 barrels George E. Warren Corporation 234,253 barrels Today's sale was the first held as part of the Department's initiative to convert the current 1,984,253-barrel heating oil reserve to cleaner burning ultra low sulfur distillate. Contracts for the heating oil will be executed upon final payment to DOE; final payment is required no later than
Distillate Stocks on the East Coast Were Very Low Entering Last Winter
4 4 Notes: So, what happened last winter? At last year's SHOPP conference, my renowned colleague, Joanne Shore, warned of the potential for high prices. At this time last year, distillate stocks were very low. This graph shows East Coast inventories, which at the end of July 2000, were well below the normal band. We focus on the East Coast (PADD 1) because this is a region in which heating oil is a major winter fuel. Furthermore, the East Coast consumes almost 2/3 of the nation's heating oil (high sulfur distillate). East Coast stocks were well below normal last year from July through December, but then actually increased in January, when they typically decline. In fact, the increase was only the 2nd time East Coast distillate stocks have increased in January since EIA has kept PADD level data (1981)!
Annual Coded Wire Tag Program; Oregon Stock Assessment, 2000 Annual Report.
This annual report is in fulfillment of contract obligations with Bonneville Power Administration which is the funding source for the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife's Annual Stock Assessment - Coded Wire Tag Program (ODFW) Project. Tule stock fall chinook were caught primarily in British Columbia and Washington ocean, and Columbia Basin fisheries. Up-river bright stock fall chinook contributed primarily to Alaska and British Columbia ocean commercial, Columbia Basin gillnet and freshwater sport fisheries. Contribution of Rogue stock fall chinook released in the lower Columbia River occurred primarily in Oregon ocean commercial, Columbia Basin gillnet and freshwater sport fisheries. Willamette stock spring chinook contributed primarily to Alaska and British Columbia ocean, and Columbia Basin sport fisheries. Willamette stock spring chinook released by CEDC contributed to similar ocean fisheries, but had much higher catch in Columbia Basin gillnet fisheries than the same stocks released in the Willamette Basin. Up-river stocks of spring chinook contributed almost exclusively to Columbia Basin fisheries. The up-river stocks of Columbia River summer steelhead contributed almost exclusively to the Columbia Basin gillnet and freshwater sport fisheries. Coho ocean fisheries from Washington to California were closed or very limited from 1994 through 1999 (1991 through 1996 broods). This has resulted in a lower percent of catch in Washington, Oregon and California ocean fisheries, and a higher percent of catch in Alaska and British Columbia ocean and Columbia Basin freshwater fisheries. Coho stocks released by ODFW below Bonneville Dam were caught mainly in Oregon, Washington, and British Columbia ocean, Columbia Gillnet and freshwater sport fisheries. Coho stocks released in the Klaskanine River and Youngs Bay area had similar ocean catch distributions, but a much higher percent catch in gillnet fisheries than the other coho releases. Ocean catch distribution of coho stocks released above Bonneville Dam was similar to the other coho groups. However, they had a higher percent catch in gillnet fisheries above Bonneville Dam than coho released below the dam. Survival rates of salmon and steelhead are influenced, not only by factors in the hatchery (disease, density, diet, size and time of release) but also by environmental factors in the river and ocean. These environmental factors are influenced by large scale oceanic and weather patterns such as El Nino. Changes in rearing conditions in the hatchery do impact survival, however, these can be offset by impacts caused by environmental factors. Coho salmon released in the Columbia River generally experience better survival rates when released later in the spring. However, for the 1990 brood year June releases of Columbia River coho had much lower survival than May releases, for all ODFW hatcheries. In general survival of ODFW Columbia River hatchery coho has declined to low levels in recent years. Preliminary results from the evaluation of Visual Implant Elastomer (VIE) tags showed tagging rate and pre-release tag retention improved from the first to second years of tagging. Tagging rate remained identical from 1999 to 2000 while pre-release tag retention dropped to 95%. Returning jack and adult salmon were sampled for CWT and VIE tags in the fall of 2000. Of 606 adults recovered at Sandy Fish Hatchery in 2000, only 1 or 0.2%, retained their VIE tag. Of 36 jacks recovered in 2000, 13 or 36.1% retained their VIE tag.
Lewis, Mark; Mallette, Christine; Murray, William
Evidence of Increment of Efficiency of the Mexican Stock Market Through the Analysis of its Variations
It is well known that there exist statistical and structural differences between the stock markets of developed and emerging countries. In this work, we present an analysis of the variations and autocorrelations of the Mexican Stock Market index (IPC) for different periods of its historical daily data, showing evidence that the Mexican Stock Market has been increasing its efficiency in recent times. We have analyzed the returns autocorrelation function (ACF) and used detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA) methods. We also analyze the volatility of the IPC and the Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA) and compare their evolution. The data samples analyzed here, correspond to daily values of the IPC and DJIA for the period 10/30/1978 to 02/28/2006.
Coronel-Brizio, H F; Huerta-Quintanilla, R; Rodriguez-Achach, M
A multitude of coronagraphic techniques for the space-based direct detection and characterization of exo-solar terrestrial planets are actively being pursued by the astronomical community. Typical coronagraphs have internal shaped focal plane and/or pupil plane occulting masks which block and/or diffract starlight thereby increasing the planet's contrast with respect to its parent star. Past studies have shown that any internal technique is limited by the ability to sense and control amplitude, phase (wavefront) and polarization to exquisite levels - necessitating stressing optical requirements. An alternative and promising technique is to place a starshade, i.e. external occulter, at some distance in front of the telescope. This starshade suppresses most of the starlight before entering the telescope - relaxing optical requirements to that of a more conventional telescope. While an old technique it has been recently been advanced by the recognition that circularly symmetric graded apodizers can be well approximated by shaped binary occulting masks. Indeed optimal shapes have been designed that can achieve smaller inner working angles than conventional coronagraphs and yet have high effective throughput allowing smaller aperture telescopes to achieve the same coronagraphic resolution and similar sensitivity as larger ones. Herein we report on our ongoing modeling, simulation and optimization of external occulters and show sensitivity results with respect to number and shape errors of petals, spectral passband, accuracy of Fresnel propagation, and show results for both filled and segmented aperture telescopes and discuss acquisition and sensing of the occulter's location relative to the telescope.
Richard G. Lyon; Sally Heap; Amy Lo; Webster Cash; Glenn D. Starkman; Robert J. Vanderbei; N. Jeremy Kasdin; Craig J. Copi
Carbon supercapacitors
Carbon supercapacitors are represented as distributed RC networks with transmission line equivalent circuits. At low charge/discharge rates and low frequencies these networks approximate a simple series R{sub ESR}C circuit. The energy efficiency of the supercapacitor is limited by the voltage drop across the ESR. The pore structure of the carbon electrode defines the electrochemically active surface area which in turn establishes the volume specific capacitance of the carbon material. To date, the highest volume specific capacitance reported for a supercapacitor electrode is 220F/cm{sup 3} in aqueous H{sub 2}SO{sub 4} (10) and {approximately}60 F/cm{sup 3} in nonaqueous electrolyte (8).
Delnick, F.M.
Carbon particles
A method and apparatus whereby small carbon particles are made by pyrolysis of a mixture of acetylene carried in argon. The mixture is injected through a nozzle into a heated tube. A small amount of air is added to the mixture. In order to prevent carbon build-up at the nozzle, the nozzle tip is externally cooled. The tube is also elongated sufficiently to assure efficient pyrolysis at the desired flow rates. A key feature of the method is that the acetylene and argon, for example, are premixed in a dilute ratio, and such mixture is injected while cool to minimize the agglomeration of the particles, which produces carbon particles with desired optical properties for use as a solar radiant heat absorber.
Hunt, Arlon J. (Oakland, CA)
Taking stock of Saddam's fiery legacy in Kuwait
Six months after Saddam Hussein's torching of more than 700 Kuwaiti oil wells, health officials, meteorologists, and environmental experts convened during mid-August in Cambridge, Massachusetts, to assess the impact of the fires. The soot cloud produced by the fires hasn't produced a nuclear winter, nor are the carbon dioxide and other gases released going to have an appreciable effect on global warming, although regional weather changes are possible. So far adverse health effects from the heavy pall of pollution caused by the fires have been surprisingly mild. This isn't to say that premature deaths will not occur, but many scientists had feared much worse. Nevertheless, all researchers concede that the data for this particular conclusion are still preliminary, and they expressed concerns that health problems may worsen in the coming months. Most of the health effects are expected in a region blanketed by a plume of smoke 800 to 1,000 kilometers long. The average concentrations of the primary pollutants it contains, carbon-based particles and sulfur dioxide, are similar to those in any large urban center. Still, the oil fires increase the pollution burden on Kuwait, which already had a problem with particulates in the air, and some epidemiologists expect that the extra pollutants will take their toll.
Hoffman, M.
Carbon microtubes
A carbon microtube comprising a hollow, substantially tubular structure having a porous wall, wherein the microtube has a diameter of from about 10 .mu.m to about 150 .mu.m, and a density of less than 20 mg/cm.sup.3. Also described is a carbon microtube, having a diameter of at least 10 .mu.m and comprising a hollow, substantially tubular structure having a porous wall, wherein the porous wall comprises a plurality of voids, said voids substantially parallel to the length of the microtube, and defined by an inner surface, an outer surface, and a shared surface separating two adjacent voids.
Peng, Huisheng (Shanghai, CN); Zhu, Yuntian Theodore (Cary, NC); Peterson, Dean E. (Los Alamos, NM); Jia, Quanxi (Los Alamos, NM)
Pre-Shot Simulations of Far-Field Ground Motions for the Source Physics Experiment (SPE) Explosions at the Climax Stock, Nevada National Security Site
The Source Physics Experiment (SPE) will involve a series of explosions in various geologic and emplacement conditions to validate numerical simulation methods to predict behavior of seismic wave excitation and propagation for nuclear test monitoring. The first SPE's currently underway involve explosions in the Climax Stock (granitic geology) at the Nevada National Security Site (NNSS). Detailed geologic data and published material properties for the major lithologic units of the NNSS and surrounding region were used to build three-dimensional models for seismic wave propagation simulations. The geologic structure near the SPE shot point is quite varied including granitic, carbonate, tuff and alluvium lithologies. We performed preliminary ground motion simulations for a near-source domain covering 8 km x 8 km at the surface centered on the shot point to investigate various source and propagation effects using WPP, LLNL's anelastic seismic wave finite difference code. Simulations indicate that variations in wave propagation properties of the sub-surface will generate strongly path-dependent response once the energy has left the relatively small granitic geology of the near-surface Climax Stock near the SPE shot point. Rough topography to the north and west of SPE shot point causes additional complexity in the signals including energy on the transverse components. Waves propagate much faster through the granitic and carbonate formations and slower through the tuff and alluvium. Synthetic seismograms for a pure explosion source in a 3D geologic structure show large amplitudes on transverse component. For paths to the south sampling the granite, tuff and alluvium lithologies transverse component amplitudes are as high as 50% of that on the vertical and radial components.
Rodgers, A J; Wagoner, J; Petersson, N A; Sjogreen, B
The economics of controlling stock pollutants: An efficient strategy for greenhouse gases
Optimal control theory is applied to develop an efficient strategy to control stock pollutants such as greenhouse gases and hazardous waste. The optimal strategy suggests that, at any time, the marginal costs of abatement should be equated with the present value of the marginal damage of timely unabated emission. The optimal strategy calls for increasingly tight abatement over time as the pollutant stock accumulates. The optimal policy applied to greenhouse gases suggest moderate abatement efforts, at present, with the potential for much greater future efforts. 15 refs., 2 tabs.
Falk, I. (Harvard Univ., Cambridge, MA (United States)); Mendelsohn, R. (Yale Univ., New Haven, CT (United States))
Asymptotic Behavior of the Stock Price Distribution Density and Implied Volatility in Stochastic Volatility Models
We study the asymptotic behavior of distribution densities arising in stock price models with stochastic volatility. The main objects of our interest in the present paper are the density of time averages of the squared volatility process and the density of the stock price process in the Stein-Stein and the Heston model. We find explicit formulas for leading terms in asymptotic expansions of these densities and give error estimates. As an application of our results, sharp asymptotic formulas for the implied volatility in the Stein-Stein and the Heston model are obtained.
Gulisashvili, Archil, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Ohio University, Department of Mathematics (United States); Stein, Elias M., E-mail: email@example.com [Princeton University, Department of Mathematics (United States)
Inferring Changes in Terrestrial Water Storage Using ERA-40 Reanalysis Data: The Mississippi River Basin
Terrestrial water storage is an essential part of the hydrological cycle, encompassing crucial elements of the climate system, such as soil moisture, groundwater, snow, and land ice. On a regional scale, it is however not a readily measured ...
Sonia I. Seneviratne; Pedro Viterbo; Daniel L�thi; Christoph Sch�r
Remote Sensing of Terrestrial and Submerged Aquatic Vegetation in Fire Island National
Remote Sensing of Terrestrial and Submerged Aquatic Vegetation in Fire Island National Seashore Satellite Remote Sensing Data in FIIS Vegetation Mapping The vegetation communities and spatial patterns necessary. #12;Hyperspectral Remote Sensing in Seagrass Habitat Mapping Recent development of hyperspectral
Atmospheric photochemistry, surface features, and potential biosignature gases of terrestrial exoplanets
The endeavor to characterize terrestrial exoplanets warrants the study of chemistry in their atmospheres. Here I present a comprehensive one-dimensional photochemistry-thermochemistry model developed from the ground up for ...
Hu, Renyu, Ph. D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Studies of plume condensation contamination upon surfaces of the Terrestrial Planet Finder spacecraft
There are two competing concepts for the Terrestrial Planet Finder (TPF) mission, one which involves a single spacecraft, and another comprised of a five craft formation. In addition, there are several propulsion options ...
Pigeon, Timothy David
Dynamic Response of Terrestrial Hydrological Cycles and Plant Water Stress to Climate Change in China
Rising atmospheric CO2 concentration CO2 and climate change are expected to have a major effect on terrestrial ecosystem hydrological cycles and plant water stress in the coming decades. The present study investigates the potential responses of ...
Fulu Tao; Zhao Zhang
A comparative study of artificial neural networks, and decision trees for digital game content stocks price prediction
Precise prediction of stock prices is difficult chiefly because of the many intervening factors. Unpredictability is particularly notable in the aftermath of the global financial crisis. Data mining may however be used to discover highly correlated estimation ... Keywords: Artificial neural networks (ANN), C&RT, Decision tree, Stock price forecasting
Tsung-Sheng Chang
Data mining investigation of co-movements on the Taiwan and China stock markets for future investment portfolio
On June 29, 2010, Taiwan signed an Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement (ECFA) with China as a major step to open markets between Taiwan and China. Thus, the ECFA will contribute by creating a closer relationship between China and Taiwan through ... Keywords: Association rules, Cluster analysis, Co-movements, Cross-national stock market, Data mining, Stock market investment portfolio
Shu-Hsien Liao; Shan-Yuan Chou
Optimal production and rationing policies of a make-to-stock production system with batch demand and backordering
In this paper, we consider the stock rationing problem of a single-item make-to-stock production/inventory system with multiple demand classes. Demand arrives as a Poisson process with a randomly distributed batch size. It is assumed that the batch demand ... Keywords: Batch demand, Inventory, Markov decision process, Production, Rationing
Jianjun Xu; Shaoxiang Chen; Bing Lin; Rohit Bhatnagar
Oil Prices, Stock Markets and Portfolio Investment: Evidence from Sector Analysis in Europe over the Last Decade
Oil Prices, Stock Markets and Portfolio Investment: Evidence from Sector Analysis in Europe over This article extends the understanding of oilstock market relationships over the last turbulent decade. Unlike returns to oil price changes differ greatly depending on the activity sector. In the out
Paris-Sud XI, Université de
Dynamic-radius species-conserving genetic algorithm for the financial forecasting of dow jones index stocks
This research uses a Niche Genetic Algorithm (NGA) called Dynamic-radius Species-conserving Genetic Algorithm (DSGA) to select stocks to purchase from the Dow Jones Index. DSGA uses a set of training data to produce a set of rules. These rules are then ... Keywords: Niche genetic algorithm, black-box investing, classification, financial forecasting, genetic algorithm, stock forecasting
Michael Scott Brown, Michael J. Pelosi, Henry Dirska
A distributed approach to accounting for carbon in wood products
With an evolving political environment of commitments to limit emissions of greenhouse gases, and of markets to trade in emissions permits, there is growing scientific, political, and economic need to accurately evaluate carbon (C) stocks and flows especially those related to human activities. One component of the global carbon cycle that has been contentious is the stock of carbon that is physically held in harvested wood products. The carbon stored in wood products has been sometimes overlooked, but the amount of carbon contained in wood products is not trivial, it is increasing with time, and it is significant to some Parties. This paper is concerned with accurate treatment of harvested wood products in inventories of CO2 emissions to the atmosphere. The methodologies outlined demonstrate a flexible way to expand current methods beyond the assumption of a simple, first-order decay to include the use of more accurate and detailed data while retaining the simplicity of simple formulas. The paper demonstrates that a more accurate representation of decay time can have significant economic implications in a system where emissions are taxed or emissions permits are traded. The method can be easily applied using only data on annual production of wood products and two parameters to characterize their expected lifetime. These methods are not specific to wood products but can be applied to long-lived, carbon-containing products from sources other than wood, e.g. long-lived petrochemical products. A single unifying approach that is both simple and flexible has the potential to be both more accurate in its results, more efficient in its implementation, and economically important to some Parties.
Marland, Eric [Appalachian State University; Stellar, Kirk [Appalachian State University; Marland, Gregg [ORNL
Primary productivity control of simulated carbon cycle-climate feedbacks. Geophys
[1] Positive feedbacks between the terrestrial carbon cycle and climate represent an outstanding area of uncertainty in simulations of future climate change. Coupled climatecarbon cycle models have simulated widely divergent feedback magnitudes, and attempts to explain model differences have had only limited success. In this study, we demonstrate that the response of vegetation primary productivity to climate changes is a critical controlling factor in determining the strength of simulated carbon cycle-climate feedbacks. This conclusion sheds new light on coupled climate-carbon cycle model results, and highlights the need for improved model representation of photosynthesis processes so as to better constrain future projections of climate change. Citation: Matthews, H. D.,
H. Damon Matthews; Michael Eby; Andrew J. Weaver; Barbara J. Hawkins; M. Eby; A. J. Weaver; B. J. Hawkins
Carbon | Open Energy Information
Carbon Sector Retrieved from "http:en.openei.orgwindex.php?titleCarbon&oldid271960" Categories: Articles with outstanding TODO tasks...
U.S. Normal Butane-Butylene Stocks in Pipelines (Thousand Barrels)
U.S. Normal Butane-Butylene Stocks in Pipelines (Thousand Barrels) Year Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec; 1993: 1,901: 1,455: 1,356: 1,810: 2,062 ...
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