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hadassah1582's Answers
I am so sick of Christmas Music!16 answers 4 bumps Holidays
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What to get..7 answers 1 bumps Holidays
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Dear Deity believing parents.....61 answers 13 bumps Religious Debate
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Would you consider a religion that tells you to only associate with people of the same religion,to be cult-like?34 answers 2 bumps Religious Debate
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If you set out to make a specific prediction come true, can you claim that it came true and be taken seriously?12 answers 1 bumps Religious Debate
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I HEARD WE ARE NOT SUPPOSED TO GET THE FLU VACINATIONS IF WE ARE CHRISTIANS BECAUSE THE GOVERNMENT COULD BE PUTTING A CHIP IN IT,THE MARK OF THE BEAST71 answers 9 bumps Religious Debate
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Note: This event will be taking place at a location outside the San Francisco network of public libraries. For questions concerning the event, please contact the hosting library: Main Library.
Upcoming Events
- Legacy of Isadora
- Saturday, November 29, 2014Main Library, Koret Auditorium
- Jeff Campbell - Highland Bagpiper
- Saturday, November 29, 2014Main Library, Children's Center
- Mark Foehringer's Nutcracker Sweets
- Thursday, December 4, 2014Sunset, Sunset Children's Area


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Frozen yogurt is my favorite dessert. I adore these new froyo places that are popping up everywhere (36 Degrees in the Summit, Orange Leaf everywhere, Lulu's on Bardstown). I love being able to fill my cup with different kinds of froyo sweetness, sprinkled with granola and raspberries and blackberries and whatever other topping I choose. I visited a fun yogurt place this past weekend: Sweet Frog.
|Tart Farewell: Kentucky's Only CeFiore in the Highlands Closing
|Emotion Trumps Food (But Both Make the Holiday Season Go 'Round)
|Louisville Restaurants Offering Veteran's Day Discounts 2013
|Did You Know That There's a Lula's Frozen Yogurt in St. Matthews? [Food & Dining]
|Orange Leaf to give away one ton of frozen yogurt this Friday [Food & Dining]
|Top Ten Gifts For Bourbon Enthusiasts
|Where to Go for Thanksgiving Brunch or Dinner Around Louisville


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Corvette Fever Tests Drives the New Keisler T45
Alan Colvin, editor of Corvette Fever magazine takes the Keisler T45 out for a fun test drive in a 1969 Corvette in the hills outside Knoxville TN. He puts the tranny (in a '69 Corvette) through its paces in a variety of driving situations and discusses the differences between this transmission and the others available on the market today. Ride along with Alan and Shafi Keisler in this exciting video.
Latest Videos
Tested: Heidts IRS on a '56 Chevy 210
We test Heidts' independent rear suspension after installing it in a '56 210.
Super Chevy at the 2014 SEMA Show: Part 1
We bring part 1 of our video coverage live from the 2014 SEMA Show and give you a look into this year's biggest automotive event.
1973 Camaro Track Test
We test a second-gen Camaro with an Art Morrison Enterprises front clip and independent rear suspension. Mary Pozzi takes the wheel in this track test!
2014 Super Chevy Suspension & Handling Challenge
Highlights from the seventh-annual Super Chevy Suspension & Handling Challenge From The Streets of Willow Springs.
Dan Bergeron's Woodsman Shaker Nova
Here's a gasser-style Nova that is street legal and runs hard at the dragstrip with the wheels high in the air.
2014 Super Chevy Show: Denver Highlights
Here's a look into the best Super Chevy Show at Bandimere Speedway in years. Look for coverage in the January 2015 issue of Super Chevy Magazine!
Frank Hawley's Drag Racing School Dragster Adventure Challenge Program
Recently, about 20 of us editorial types had the opportunity to attend the Frank Hawley Drag Racing School in Fontana, California, to take part in their one-day Dragster Adventure Challenge Program. We thought it would be fun to share with you a quick video featuring a personal view of making a 10-5-second quarter-mile pass in one of the school's Super Comp big-block powered dragsters, from engine startup to the final turn off.


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Contact Us
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Jason T. Gray
- Washburn University School of Law, JD 2006
- University of Kansas, BGS 2003 (History)
- University of Kansas, BGS 2003 (Geography)
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- Rising Star Energy & Natural Resources, Washington, DC Super Lawyers Magazine, 2014
- Dean's Honors, 2006
- Delano E. Lewis Scholarship Recipient, 2005
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Mr. Gray is a Shareholder with the Firm, concentrating on energy law, administrative law, and the regulation of public utilities. Within these core practice areas, Mr. Gray regularly represents a wide range of clients before the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC), a number of state public utility commissions, and various state and federal courts. He has particular experience in utility-related litigation, having effectively managed motions practice, the discovery process, preparing and defending witnesses, cross examination, oral argument, and briefing. He also regularly advises clients with respect to matters pertaining to Regional Transmission Organization/Independent System Operator stakeholder processes, rate and tariff filings, rulemaking proceedings, legislation, compliance and enforcement, formal and informal settlement negotiations, energy contracting, renewable energy policy, and the development of energy projects. In addition, Mr. Gray frequently represents or advises clients with respect to appeals before the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit and the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit.
Prior to joining the Firm, Mr. Gray served as Assistant General Counsel and Litigation Counsel to the Kansas Corporation Commission (KCC). While at the KCC, Mr. Gray's responsibilities included representing the KCC before FERC, advising the KCC's representative to the Southwest Power Pool's Regional State Committee, appearing on behalf of the KCC before the Kansas Legislature, representing the KCC in various Kansas district courts, and assisting with appeals to the Kansas Court of Appeals. Mr. Gray also represented the KCC's technical staff in regulatory proceedings involving enforcement matters, electric utilities, local distribution companies, water utilities, motor carriers, and intrastate pipelines. Mr. Gray gained experience in the utility industry by serving as a law clerk at the KCC during law school.
Publications and Presentations
- Presenter, "Implications for Public Power of a Western Energy Imbalance Market," American Public Power Association Legal Seminar (2014).
- Contributing Author, Natural Gas Regulation Committee Report, ENERGY LAW JOURNAL, Volume 34, No. 2 (2013).
- Contributing Author, State Commission Practice & Regulation Committee Report, ENERGY LAW JOURNAL, Volume 34, No. 2 (2013).
- Author, "Competing Views on the Permissible Scope of In-House Expert Witness Discovery at FERC: Without Guidance, FERC Litigants Face Risk and Uncertainty," EnergyPulse Weekly (2013).
- Panelist, "Litigation Discovery Disputes & Changes in the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure," Energy Bar Association Annual Meeting and Conference (2013).
- Contributing Author, Natural Gas Regulation Committee Report, ENERGY LAW JOURNAL, Volume 33, No. 2 (2012).
- Contributing Author, Natural Gas Regulation Committee Report, ENERGY LAW JOURNAL, Volume 32, No. 2 (2011).
- Contributing Author, CAISO and the California Markets, CAPTURING THE POWER OF ELECTRIC RESTRUCTURING (Joey Lee Miranda ed., 2009).
- Contributing Author, State Commission Practice & Regulation Committee Report, ENERGY LAW JOURNAL, Volume 30, No. 2 (2009).
- Contributor, WIND ENERGY: THE WHIRLWIND TOUR, Kansas Bar Association Continuing Legal Education Materials (May 2008).
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While we are happy to have you contact us by telephone, U.S. mail, electronic mail or facsimile transmission, however, merely contacting DWGP or any DWGP attorney through these or other means does not create an attorney-client relationship. Establishing an attorney-client relationship depends on several factors, and we urge you to ask a DWGP attorney about such factors before conveying information that you regard as confidential. Communications to DWGP or a DWGP attorney prior to establishing an attorney-client relationship or otherwise verifying with a DWGP attorney that such communications may be held confidential may not be privileged or confidential and therefore may become subject to disclosure.


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Search Results: 'Sanchin'
Flying Crane 5 Elements SanChin.
eBook (PDF): $8.75
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Rare book featuring "SanChin" or "3 Battles" - a version that appears to be a combination of Whooping and Flying Crane.
The Essence of Goju Ryu - Vol I
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This book represents many years of research into the fascinating art of Goju Ryu Karate-Do concerning the relationship between Junbi Undo, Hojo Undo and Sanchin. Covering the history, correct... More > practise, advanced Qigong and esoteric studies within these traditions, this work is aimed directly at the intermediate or advanced practitioner seeking to add greater depth to their understanding of these areas, and how to effectively apply them to the advanced classical kata of Goju Ryu. Topics include: Junbi Undo theory and practise, The origins of Sanchin, The Go and Ju of Sanchin, Shime application and theory, Go and Ju in relation to the body, Sanchin no Chikara Michi (strength paths of Sanchin), Sanchin Qigong exercises, San Tanden (the 3 tanden), Ancient beliefs which influenced the development of kata.< Less
Bubishi Martial Art Spirit - Ebook
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The Bubishi is the secret karate text of the Okinawan masters. This book inspired the modern developers of karate such as Chojun Miyagi, the founder of Goju Ryu Karate, Kenwa Mabuni, the founder of... More > Shito Ryu Karate and Gichin Funakoshi, the founder of Shotokan Karate. Guarded for centuries, this mystical book was completely translated into English by Master George Alexander and Sensei Ken Penland. It includes the History of the White Crane System, the Sanchin, Happuren and Nipaipo kata, ?The Secret of the Blood? known as Dim Mak or The Death Touch, Meridian Theory and Chinese Accupuncture, Pressure Points, Set Up & Multiple Strikes, Hakutsuru - White Crane Fighting Techniques, Knockout and Killing Techniques, an explanation and demonstration of the 48 Essential Self Defense Applications, Chinese cures for Martial Arts Injuries, Resuscitation Techniques and much much more!< Less
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361 Lotus blogs updated hourly. Who will post next?
Latest 7 Posts
Using the ODA Design API for File-Resource Manipulation
Wed, Nov 19th 2014
Factories in XPages
Wed, Nov 12th 2014
Property Resolution in XPages EL
Tue, Nov 11th 2014
Using "Verboten" Property Names in Custom Controls
Sun, Nov 2nd 2014
CocoaLove Reflection
Sun, Oct 26th 2014
A Welcome SSL Stay of Execution
Tue, Oct 21st 2014
Some Notes on Developing with the frostillic.us Framework
Thu, Oct 9th 2014
Top 10
A Welcome SSL Stay of Execution
Tue, Oct 21st 2014
Domino and SSL: Come with Me If You Want to Live
Wed, Sep 24th 2014
Factories in XPages
Wed, Nov 12th 2014
Using "Verboten" Property Names in Custom Controls
Sun, Nov 2nd 2014
CocoaLove Reflection
Sun, Oct 26th 2014
Property Resolution in XPages EL
Tue, Nov 11th 2014
"Build Automatically", "Refresh automatically", and "Team Development"
Thu, Jan 23rd 2014
Using the ODA Design API for File-Resource Manipulation
Wed, Nov 19th 2014
Better Living Through Reverse Proxies
Thu, May 30th 2013
Some Notes on Developing with the frostillic.us Framework
Thu, Oct 9th 2014
Moving From Ruby-in-XPages to Polyglot
Jesse Gallagher
I've tweeted about this a couple times, but in some of my spare time lately I've put together a new, cleaner implementation of the generic-scripting-language support I first created back when I did my original work with Ruby. I named the new project "Polyglot" and it has two facets: The aforementioned generic-scripting-language support, done more cleanly and with better capabilities. A method for storing standalone page-generating scripts as documents in the database that are executed in the context of an XPage. Generic Scripting Languages With the usual when-I-get-around-to-it caveat, I plan to use Polyglot to entirely supplant Ruby-in-XPages, since its JSR-223-based features cover JRuby as well. The main thing I need to check on is proper memory usage - the embedding mechanism I originally used provides clear control over the lifetime of the scripting runtime, while JSR 223 does not. That may be fine, since it may properly manage itself, but it makes me a bit nervous. I'll also have to work out proper context variable access (e.g. "database", "currentDocument", etc.). Some languages (Ruby, namely) seem to have gained a magic power since last I checked to access those variables without having to add special support, but I need to figure out if others work the same way or if I need to try an idea for an adapter I had. In addition to the JSR 223 languages, I also just today added support for formula language via #{formula: ... } bindings, since I realized that that was exceedingly easy to do. For that one, I didn't bother binding it to the contextual variables, but instead just have it look for "currentDocument" - if it's present, it passes the lotus.domino.Document from that to the session.evaluate(...) call; if it's not, it forgoes the second parameter. I don't expect I'll use that binding much, but it was fun to add. Standalone Scripts The standalone script support is a little different - the idea is that, rather than working another language into an XPage, you write a script entirely in the other language, much like you might do with, say, PHP (don't use PHP). You can write a script using a basic editor, it's stored in a document in the database, and then you can execute it in the context of a ScriptRunner XPage, meaning you have the same Java environment as usual (with the same caveat as above that I need to sort out variable access). Besides the usual suite of JSR 223 languages, I've also started working on integrating the XSP parser from the XPages Bazaar, both as a way to familiarize myself with the Bazaar and to see if there's any use in a setup where your XSP markup is stored in documents and evaluated at runtime rather than design elements compiled in Designer. Maybe, maybe not, but it's a fun test. For now, it's still in an "experimental" state, but eventually I hope to cobble it into a proper releasable state and have it supersede Ruby-in-XPages entirely.
Dec 12, 2012
22 hits
Recent Blog Posts
Using the ODA Design API for File-Resource Manipulation
Wed, Nov 19th 2014 5:11p Jesse Gallagher
As is characteristic of his blog, Sven Hasselbach recently posted two interesting posts on using the NAPI classes in the XPages runtime to manipulate files in the WebContent folder. If you haven't read the posts, I suggest you do so now, because it's knowledge that is very good to have. The NAPI classes are chock full of cheating sorcery. But the point of this post here is a bit of me-too-ism. Which is to say: the OpenNTF Domino API has you covered on this front. The API's Design packag
[read] Keywords: domino dxl notes xpages database interface java openntf
Factories in XPages
Wed, Nov 12th 2014 5:18p Jesse Gallagher
In my last post, I intimated that I wanted to write a post covering the concept of factories in XPages, or at least the specific kind in question. This is that post. The term "factory" covers a number of meanings, and objects named this way crop up all over the place (ODA has one, for example). The kind I care about today are those defined in an XspContributor object in an XPages plugin. These factories are generally (exclusively, perhaps) used for the purpose of generating adapters: as
[read] Keywords: domino ibm notes xpages application development interface java
Property Resolution in XPages EL
Tue, Nov 11th 2014 10:19a Jesse Gallagher
Reading Devin Olson's recent series on EL processing put me in the mood to refresh and fill out my knowledge of how that stuff actually happens. A while back, I made a small foray of my own into explaining how property resolution in XPages EL works, one which I followed up with a mea culpa explaining that I had left out a few additional supported types. As happens frequently, that still didn't cover the full story. Before getting to what I mean by that, I'll step back to an overview of
[read] Keywords: domino ibm lotus xpages application development interface java javascript openntf properties xml
Using "Verboten" Property Names in Custom Controls
Sun, Nov 2nd 2014 8:11a Jesse Gallagher
In an attempt to save you from yourself, Designer prevents you from naming your custom control properties after SSJS keywords such as "do" and "for". This is presumably because a construct like compositeData.for would throw both a syntax error in SSJS and the developer into a tizzy. However, sometimes you want to use one of those names - they're not illegal in EL, after all, and even SSJS could still use compositeData['for'] or compositeData.get("for") to access the value. Fortun
[read] Keywords: ibm xpages javascript properties xml
CocoaLove Reflection
Sun, Oct 26th 2014 5:15p Jesse Gallagher
This weekend, I attended CocoaLove a new Mac/iOS-development-related conference held in Philadelphia. Though my Cocoa resume consists of doing various tutorials every few years for the last decade or so, the location, concept, and speaker lineup were impossible to resist. The upshot: this was a great conference. As the tagline – "A conference about people, not tech." – indicates, the sessions weren't technical or even generally about programming as such. Instead, it was a bit more i
[read] Keywords: domino ibm community development java mac twitter
A Welcome SSL Stay of Execution
Tue, Oct 21st 2014 3:11p Jesse Gallagher
As you likely know from the torrent of posts on Planet Lotus on the topic, IBM announced a hopefully-imminent pair of updates to cover the two main SSL issues that have come to the fore recently: lack of SHA-2 support and the POODLE vulnerability in SSLv3. This is welcome indeed! Personally, I'm going to stick with the nginx approach for HTTP, even in simple setups, because I've found the extra features you can get (and the promising new ones I haven't tried) to be a dramatic
[read] Keywords: domino ibm lotus planet lotus security server
Amazon.com Widgets
Some Notes on Developing with the frostillic.us Framework
Thu, Oct 9th 2014 5:12p Jesse Gallagher
Now that I have a few apps under my belt, I've been getting a better idea of the plusses and minuses of my current development techniques - the frostillic.us Framework combined with stock controls + renderers. This post is basically a mostly-unordered list of my overall thoughts on the current state. Component binding is absolutely the way to go. This pays off in a number of ways, but just knowing that the component is pointed unambiguously at a model property - and thus getting its field
[read] Keywords: notes xpages development java network properties xml
Building an App with the frostillic.us Framework, Part 7
Tue, Oct 7th 2014 6:12p Jesse Gallagher
Well, it's been much longer than planned, and this topic isn't actually particularly groundbreaking, but the series returns! Define the data model Create the view and add it to an XPage Create the editing page Add validation and translation to the model Add notification to the model Add sorting to the view Basic servlet REST with Angular.js One of the edge features of the Framework is that it assists in writing DesignerFacesServlet servlets - which are sort of like XAgents but written dir
[read] Keywords: ibm xpages java
NotesIn9 Appearance: Custom Renderers
Thu, Oct 2nd 2014 7:12p Jesse Gallagher
In a bout of unintentional timing, Dave Leedy posted an episode of NotesIn9 I recorded about custom renderers. This should pair nicely with my last post - the video provides an explanation for what renderers are, how to attach them to your components, and an example of a basic renderer for a widget container. So if you're interested in going down that path (which you should be!), perhaps the video will help. In it, I recommend looking at the source of Bootstrap4XPages, which remai
[read] Keywords: widget
I Posted My WrapBootstrap Ace Renderkit
Tue, Sep 30th 2014 5:12p Jesse Gallagher
Since I realized there was no reason not to and it could be potentially useful to others, I tossed the renderkit I use for the WrapBootstrap Ace theme up on GitHub: https://github.com/jesse-gallagher/Miscellany As implied by the fact that it's not even a top-level project in my own GitHub profile, there are caveats: The theme itself is not actually included. That's licensed stuff and you'd have to buy it yourself if you want to use it. Fortunately, it's dirt cheap for normal use.
[read] Keywords: domino ibm development eclipse profile properties
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Here You Come Again: Morello Records, Part 1
Anyone interested in the breadth of the country music tradition can these days get their hands on more of that history than ever before. Much of the genre's back catalogue, whether of the absolutely essential or the just fun or revealing variety, is increasingly available on compact discs (well, for the time being it is…) as well as via download and online streaming. This is great news for country fans. At the same time, we always need to keep in mind that the bulk of the country tradition has yet to make the analog-to-digital leap. What's more, at least commercially speaking (online fan sharing is another matter), we know it probably never will.
There remain gaping holes in the catalogues of even the most beloved and widely known country Hall of Famers. Way more Loretta Lynn and Hank Thompson and Eddy Arnold albums are out of print than in, just for instances, and even when it comes to the likes of George Jones or Waylon Jennings the ratios don't improve to much more than sixty-forty. Not that all of these out-of-print albums are lost masterpieces, understand, though some of them are. More to the point, the also-rans and the long forgotten comprise a lost history of individual artists and of the genre as a whole that helps clarify what country music has meant for fans and radio listeners, in the main, and how it's been embraced and used, across the decades.
By definition, "Here You Come Again" is keen on those music labels, whether indie or corporate, U.S. or international, that are doing something to fill in some of the blanks. One of these labels whose work I've come to value is Morello Records (a country reissue imprint of Brit label Cherry Red), which for the past few years has been specializing in the "2 Classic Albums on 1 CD" thing. I appreciate the niche they're working for a couple of reasons (the second of which I'll get to in my next column). First off, when the label tours the catalogue of major country artists, they tend to pause at the least frequented parts of their legends—that is, on the star's solid-to great albums that were never all that popular to begin with (or even widely known) or on records that were once very popular but that've been forgotten.
Drawing from that latter category, last summer, Morello released, on one disc, a pair of strong Marty Robbins albums: 1967's Tonight Carmen and 1968's By the Time I Get to Phoenix. Both of these albums went Top Ten and produced at least one Top Ten single, and they're both exemplary, in their very different ways, of what made Robbins such a beloved and distinctive artist. Carmen includes eleven first-rate examples of Marty working his South-of-the-Border (or nearabouts) persona, not via a format transcendent "El Paso" but as a limited little genre world unto itself. These include, of course, the country chart-topping—and oft anthologized—title track. But the album also includes, just for starters, the haunting "Gardenias in Her Hair," a #9 hit, for goodness sake, that somehow hasn't made the cut on any of the several Robbins anthologies currently available on compact disc. Similarly, the even better By the Time I Get to Phoenix album—this is orchestrated Marty, pop Marty, Marty the interpreter—includes another regularly overlooked Robbins hit, the catchy and lovely but deeply paranoid Top Ten single, "Love Is in the Air." (It opens with the sound of a jet taking off, and Robbins wishing his stewardess lover didn't ask flyers, "Coffee, tea or me.")
This phenomenon—major hits from major stars that have failed to make it into the country canon as it's come down to us on vinyl or compact disc—is frustratingly common. Then again, while hit singles are essential to understanding country music and the careers of its biggest stars, they're not the whole story at all, as other recent reissues from Morello have reminded.
Take two little-known 1980s albums from the George Jones discography: 1987's Two Wild Too Long and 1990's You Oughta Be Here with Me. These albums, which Morello released on a twofer disc about a year ago, produced no big hits and didn't sell all that well, but that hardly means it's not important or entertaining to hear them. Why? Truth be told, Too Wild… is one of the weaker albums of Jones's entire Epic catalog but one that also exemplifies where Jones' career was at just then. Its string of flop singles—the generically self-referencing "I'm a Survivor," the almost-but-not-quite-social-relevance of "The USA Today" and the unfunny double entendre of "The Bird" charted at Numbers 26, 52 and 63, respectively—illustrate how desperately Jones and producer Billy Sherrill were grasping for hits in these last days of Jones' mainstream prime. So you probably don't need to hear these albums, but… you very well might want to. Plus, the album includes a stripped-down, flooring-it-to-highway-speed take on Hank Williams' "I'm a Long Gone Daddy" which, to my ears, is probably the best Hank cover George ever did, which considering he earlier cut two album-length Williams tributes is really saying something. You need to hear it.
You Oughta Be Here with Me was even less successful commercially, but I'd say that all past, present and future Jones fans are going to need to hear it, too. The single was "Hell Stays Open (All Night Long)"—I first bought it as a cassingle in 1990—and it didn't chart at all, presumably due to due to lack of promotion as much as anything else. (Jones had already signed with MCA at this point, making You Oughta… the unheralded final solo album of Jones nearly two-decade Epic Records tenure.) Yet I am here to tell you that "Hell Stays Open" is a great George Jones single nonetheless, an angry ruthless kiss off to a man dying for one more kiss. Jones sings the appropriately miserable hell out of it, and the Bobby Harden-penned lyric provides a master class in how to write a country break-up song. First line of the first verse: "She said Hello—and I said Hon, it's me." First line of the final verse: "She said Goodbye—and don't call me anymore."
Much of the rest of the album—the loser's lament "Somebody Always Paints the Walls," the Roger Miller-penned title track, the definitive version of the prison escape story song "Ol' Red" (sorry Blake Shelton)—is nearly as strong. In fact, if it weren't for the earlier-in-the-decade releases I Am What I Am and (with Merle Haggard) A Taste of Yesterday's Wine, I'd be calling You Ought Be Here with Me Jones' finest album of the 1980s and a highlight of his entire catalog—albeit one that has been long out of print and hardly anyone has ever heard. It's frustrating to know that we could make similar claims about some album or other in the catalogs of just about any Hall of Fame career you care to cite.
And that's the big names. As for all of those important, talented country stars who're only getting into the Hall of Fame with a ticket…well, the catalogs of these second and third-tier stars, who are the exemplary majority of country music at any given moment, don't possess glaring holes so much as they just seem to have been swallowed by a black hole altogether. Entire noteworthy careers, sometimes decades long, have been reduced to just ten or a dozen "Best Of" tracks or Greatest Hits. If that.
I'll take a look at some of Morello's reissuing of those artists in my next column.
2 Comments
One of the interesting aspects of reissue labels like this one is that they still often manage to stay out ahead of legit digital download reissues—when one benefit of the brave new digital world was supposed to be the relative ease and inexpensive of reissuing music attractive only to limited audiences..One format or another, it still takes people making decisions who care and have some taste..
and the unfunny double entendre of "The Bird" …
I defy anyone who has not heard it to listen to George Jones' "The Bird" and keep from laughing.
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A great game which anyone with a 360 can't miss.
Story: The story continues after the first gears, but its not really necessary to play the first to understand (although it was awesome!). It's a great story and becomes very immersive as you keep playing. (9/10)
Gameplay: Shoot, run, headshot, chainsaw, all the good and fun stuff is here. (10/10)
Sound: Very nicely done. the dialogue is great and the music is great as well. (10/10)
Controls: Work perfectly. What more can I say? (10/10)
Multiplayer: This is where the game becomes very addicting. It's so fun and the ranks will have you playing for a long, long time. There aren't any rewards and some lag make some problems but otherwise a great experience. (9/10)
Overall: A great game for any action, shooter or adventure fan. A must own game for the 360.


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Dr. Eric I. Friedman, MD
Surgery, Portland Surgical Oncology
- 5050 NE Hoyt St Ste 221
Portland, OR 97213
- 1 Office Location
- (503) 239-0092
Dr. Eric I. Friedman has been practicing medicine for 31 years. Dr. Friedman graduated from the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine in 1983. He practices medicine in Portland, OR and specializes in Surgery and Surgical Oncology. Dr. Friedman is affiliated with Legacy Emanuel Medical Center, Providence Portland Medical Center and Providence Milwaukie Hospital. He speaks English and Spanish.
Gender: Male
Years in Practice: 31 Years
Languages Spoken: English, Spanish
Medical School: University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
Graduation Date: 1983
Hospital Affiliations: Legacy Emanuel Medical Center, Providence Portland Medical Center, Providence Milwaukie Hospital
Specialties: Surgery, Surgical Oncology


text:
Unbiased Reviews by Real People
I love this game! I bought this for my son's third grade class after his teacher asked for some "rainy day" donations. I had not played it before buying it, but thought it would be a good choice for 8 year olds. Not only did my son love it when he tried it out at home, our whole family loved it! We all took turns playing with it and it guessed what we were thinking almost every time.
This game asks you to think of something, then will proceed to ask you the allotted 20 questions. The game will ask you questions like, "is it bigger than a bread box" and "would you give it as a gift" and so on. The only catch is you cannot be too specific, such as you can't expect it to guess "my Aunt Mildred".
The price is very affordable. I payed less than $10.00 at Wal-Mart and have seen it on sale for less than that. There are also different versions, such as sports and music. It is also convenient to take along with you on car rides as it is small and not too loud. My son takes his (we bought a second one!) when I have errands to run and it more than keeps his attention. I love the way it challenges him to be creative in his choices.
Amount Paid (US$): 9.88Type of Toy: Other
Age Range of Child: Whole Family


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About: Appleton, Wisconsin
Located 100miles north of Milwaukee, Appleton lies on the Fox River. Fur traders doing business with local Indians were the first Europeans to inhabit the area before being incorporated in 1853. The paper industry was initially a main stay and with that brought the nation's first hydro-electric station using the Fox River. The city is also home to Lawrence University, a private liberal Arts college founded in 1847. The city is also the alleged birthplace of Harry Houdini and Fox News anchor Greta Van Susteran.
Population: 70087
Local Newspapers: Appleton Post-Crescent
Local Sports Teams: N/A
Local Colleges: Fox Valley Technical College
Quick Links and info for Appleton, Wisconsin
City Info
Local: (920) 832-5500
Emergency: 911
Local: (920) 832-5810
Emergency: 911
Appleton City Hall
100 N Appleton St, Appleton, WI 54911.
Phone: (920) 832-6443
Natural Gas Hook-ups and Disconnects
U.S. Venture
Express Convenience Center, 275 S. Bluemound Drive Appleton WI 54914
Water Hook-ups and Disconnects
City of Appleton Municipal Service Building
2625 East Glendale Ave. Appleton, Wisconsin 54911.
Phone: (920) 832-5570
Trash Removal Schedule:
Pick up and Recycling schedule
We Energies
231 W. Michigan St. Milwaukee, WI 53203 414-221-2345
Fox Cities Convention & Visitors Bureau
3433 W College Ave, Appleton, WI 54914.
Phone: (920) 734-3358
Fox Cities Chamber of Commerce
125 N Superior St, Appleton, WI 54911.
Phone: (920) 734-7101
Local Airport
Outagamie County Regional Airport
W3690 Challenger Dr #201, Appleton, WI 54914.
Phone: (920) 832-5268
Area Hospital:
Appleton Medical Center
1818 N. Meade St. Appleton, WI 54911.
Phone: (920) 731-4101
Local Organizations:
Community Blood Center
4406 West Spencer Street Appleton, WI.
Phone: (920)738-3131
Area Colleges
Fox Valley Technical College
1825 N Bluemound Dr, Appleton, WI 54914.
Phone: (920) 735-5600
Time Warner Cable Field at Fox Cities Stadium
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Phone: (920) 460-9583
Points of Interest
The History Museum at the Castle
330 E College Ave, Appleton, WI 54911.
Phone: (920) 735-9370
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Zip Codes associated with Appleton, WI: 54911, 54913, 54914, 54915.
Towns/Cities near Appleton, WI : Little Chute, Kimberly, Kaukauna, Wrightstown, Menasha, Meenah, Sherwood, Hortonville.
Wisconsin officials consider adopting wheel tax
Monday, August 18, 2014 10:19:13 PM
The fee, known as a wheel tax, would help local governments raise money for transportation-related projects, The Leader-Telegram reported.
Banding the ultra sensitive pelican takes patience
Sunday, August 03, 2014 12:10:32 AM
Banding the ultra sensitive pelican takes patience At its peak in 2006, Minnesota's Marsh Lake supported 19,400 breeding pairs.
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Neighborhood Councils: Where government and community meet
Alice Walton/KPCC
Members of the North Hollywood West Neighborhood Council promoted their group at a welcome back night at James Madison Middle School.
KPCC has embarked on a series called Project Citizen, which looks at the rights, responsibilities, traditions and privileges that come with being a citizen. In this story, KPCC's Alice Walton looks at how L.A. citizens get involved in their communities through neighborhood councils.
When the city of Los Angeles reformed its charter in the late 1990s, no issue received more attention than the creation of a grassroots system of Neighborhood Councils. Now, more than a decade later, the councils have produced their first citywide elected official.
Attorney Ron Galperin spent years on the Bel Air-Beverly Crest Neighborhood Council. That led to him being appointed to a couple of city commissions — experience that helped get him elected this year as city controller.
"I view myself as having a special responsibility because of that," Galperin said.
"Historic" drug sentencing reform bill on Gov. Brown's desk
HTB, Flickr (creative commons)
Under SB649, prosecutors would be able to charge "simple possession" of cocaine or heroin as a misdemeanor instead of a felony.
The California State Assembly on Wednesday approved legislation that would give local prosecutors the discretion to charge thousands of non-violent drug defendants with misdemeanors instead of felonies. The State Senate already approved the bill, which now goes to Governor Jerry Brown for his signature or veto.
"We give non-violent drug offenders long terms, offer them no treatment while they're incarcerated, and then release them back into the community with few job prospects," said the bill's author, Sen. Mark Leno (D-San Francisco). Leno noted felons have a much harder time getting a job than someone convicted of a misdemeanor.
Under SB649, prosecutors could charge someone accused of "simple possession" of cocaine or heroin with a misdemeanor, punishable by up to a year in county jail. Currently, "simple possession" – or possession for personal use – is automatically a felony punishable by up to three years in jail. Leno said it doesn't make sense.
Yvonne Burke's daughter is following her mother into LA politics
Her image first appeared in the news four decades ago. Autumn Burke was an infant in her mother's arms on the cover of Ebony Magazine. The 1974 article featured Yvonne Burke as the first U.S. Congresswoman to give birth while in office – and the first to be granted maternity leave by the House Speaker.
"I am new to politics but not new to policy or to representing diverse constituencies," Autumn Burke says on her campaign website. She's running to represent the 62nd Assembly district, which stretches along the coast from Marina Del Rey to El Segundo and east to Inglewood and Hawthorne. "I know what is expected of those who are elected to serve and I am honored and proud to be a candidate."
The Burke name is one of the most powerful in regional politics. Her mother was the first African-American woman from the West Coast to serve in Congress, representing an L.A. area district from 1974-1978. She was the first woman and first African-American to serve on the L.A. County Board of Supervisors (from 1992-2008). In 2012, President Obama named her as a Director of the national Amtrak Board.
Maven's Morning Coffee: Republicans win at local level, LAUSD funding questions, Mayor Garcetti takes a trip on LA River
Sharon McNary/KPCC
The Los Angeles Times finds Republican politicians are succeeding at the local level at a time when they are disappearing from state government.
Good morning, readers. Welcome to the Maven's Morning Coffee -- a listing of the important headlines, news conferences, votes and announcements you need to know to fuel up and tackle your day.
The Maven's Morning Coffee is also available as a daily email. Click here to subscribe.
Today is Wednesday, Sept. 4, and here is what's happening in Southern California politics:
The Los Angeles Times looks at why Republicans are succeeding at the local level in California -- at a time when they've disappeared at the state level. "More than 75 cities in California have a majority of Democratic voters but Republican-run city councils; the GOP has toeholds in such otherwise blue bastions as Alameda, Los Angeles and Santa Cruz counties," per The Times.
The United Way of Greater Los Angeles and seven other groups want a say in how the L.A. Unified School District spends an extra $188 million meant to educate disadvantaged students, reports KPCC. The coalition will hold a public forum on Thursday.
They're lining up, already, for 2015 LA City Council race
Mae Ryan/KPCC
LA City Councilman Tom LaBonge will be termed out in 2015. His chief of staff and a former spokesman for Antonio Villaraigosa filed papers Tuesday to run for the Fourth District seat.
A former spokesman for Mayor Antonio Villaraigosa and the chief of staff to a current council member filed papers Tuesday to run for the Los Angeles City Council in 2015.
Teddy Davis and Carolyn Ramsay will both run for the Fourth District, which has been represented by Tom LaBonge since 2001. Due to term limits, LaBonge is serving his final term in office.
Davis, who lives in Los Feliz, left the mayor's office earlier this year to work for Maryland Gov. Martin O'Malley. He is now a fellow at the USC Jesse M. Unruh Institute of Politics.
"I'm running for city council because I want L.A. to work for every family in every neighborhood," Davis said in a statement. "Between now and 2015, I will be in every corner of our district talking with voters about how we can create jobs, reduce traffic, and keep neighborhoods clean and safe."


text:
A process for converting oxygenated feedstock, such as methanol, dimethyl ether or the like, to liquid hydrocarbons.
In the primary catalyst stage the feedstock is contacted with zeolite catalyst to produce C2 -C4 olefins and C5 + hydrocarbons.
In a secondary catalytic stage with oligomerization catalyst comprising medium-pore shape selective acidic zeolite at increased pressure converts C3 + olefins to gasoline and/or distillate liquids.
The improvement is a technique for recovering lower alkene for recycle to the primary catalytic stage.
1. A process for converting oxygenate feedstock comprising methanol, dimethyl ether or mixtures thereof to predominantly distillate range liquid hydrocarbons comprising the steps of
contacting the feedstock with zeolite catalyst in a primary fluidized bed catalyst stage at elevated temperature and moderate pressure to convert feedstock to hydrocarbons comprising C2 -C4 olefins and C5 + hydrocarbons;
cooling and separating effluent from the primary stage to recover a liquid hydrocarbon stream and a light hydrocarbon vapor stream rich in C2 -C4 olefins;
pressurizing and contacting the light olefinic hydrocarbon stream in a secondary catalytic stage with oligomerization catalyst comprising medium-pore shape selective acidic zeolite at substantially increased pressure and moderate temperature to convert at least a portion of olefins to a heavier liquid hydrocarbon product stream comprising olefinic gasoline and distillate range liquids; and
injecting at least a portion of the olefinic gasoline recycle stream into the fluidized catalyst bed of the primary stage reactor at a separate point above the oxygenate feedstock.
2. The process of claim 1 wherein primary stage feedstock is converted over HZSM-5 catalyst to provide a light olefinic hydrocarbon vapor stream comprising a major amount of C3 -C4 olefins and a minor amount of ethene.
3. The process of claim 1 further comprising the step of fractionating gaseous effluent separated from primary stage effluent to recover a recycle gas stream containing at least 90% of ethene from the primary catalytic stage and an olefinic stream rich in C3 + olefins.
4. The process of claim 1 wherein the primary and secondary stage catalyst comprises ZSM-5 type zeolite and olefinic gasoline is recycled to the primary stage at a rate of about 1 to 30 parts gasoline per 100 parts by weight of hydrocarbon equivalent in the feedstock.
5. The process of claim 1 wherein compressed light hydrocarbon gaseous stream is further fractionated by selectively absorbing C3 + components in a C5 + liquid hydrocarbon sorbent stream.
6. The process of claim 5 wherein a C5 + fraction of the secondary stage liquid hydrocarbon product stream comprising olefinic gasoline is recycled as the sorbent stream.
7. A process for converting oxygenated feedstock to liquid hydrocarbons comprising the steps of
contacting the feedstock with fluidized bed catalyst in a primary catalyst stage at elevated temperature and moderate pressure to convert feedstock to hydrocarbons comprising C2 -C4 alkenes and C5 + hydrocarbons;
cooling and separating effluent from the primary stage to recover a liquid hydrocarbon stream and a light hydrocarbon stream rich in C2 -C4 alkenes;
compressing the light hydrocarbon stream to condense a liquid olefinic hydrocarbon stream rich in C3 + alkenes and recovering an ethene-rich gaseous stream;
further pressurizing and contacting the condensed liquid olefinic hydrocarbon stream in a secondary catalytic stage with oligomerization catalyst comprising medium-pore shape selective acidic zeolite at substantially increased pressure and moderate temperature to convert at least a portion of alkenes to a heavier liquid hydrocarbon product stream comprising olefinic gasoline and distillate range liquids; and
recycling a lower alkene stream recycle to the primary catalytic stage.
8. The process of claim 7 where at least a portion of the alkene recycle stream is gasoline recovered from the secondary stage liquid effluent hydrocarbon stream, said gasoline containing at least 50 weight percent C5 to C9 olefins.
9. The process of claim 7 wherein the recycle comprises C5 + hydrocarbons recovered between the primary and secondary stages.
10. The process of claim 8 wherein the alkene recycle stream is injected into the fluidized catalyst bed of the primary stage reactor at a point above the oxygenate feedstock charge.
11. The process of claim 7 wherein the alkene recycle stream is injected above a bed stratum corresponding to at least 99% oxygenate conversion.
This application is a continuation-in-part of copending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 692,261, filed Jan. 17, 1985, now U.S. Pat. No. 4,543,435, incorporated herein by reference.
This invention relates to an integrated system for converting oxygenates, such as methanol or dimethyl ether (DME), to liquid hydrocarbons. In particular it provides a continuous process for producing hydrocarbon products by converting the oxygenate feedstock catalytically to an intermediate lower olefinic stream and oligomerizing the olefins to produce distillate and gasoline.
In order to provide an adequate supply of liquid hydrocarbons for use as synfuels or chemical feedstocks, various processes have been developed for converting coal and natural gas to gasoline, distillate and lubricants. A substantial body of technology has grown to provide oxygenated intermediates, especially methanol. Large scale plants can convert methanol or similar aliphatic oxygenates to liquid fuels, especially gasoline. However, the demand for heavier hydrocarbons has led to the development of processes for increasing yield of diesel fuel by a multi-stage technique.
Recent developments in zeolite catalysts and hydrocarbon conversion processes have created interest in utilizing olefinic feedstocks, for producing C5 + gasoline, diesel fuel, etc. In addition to the basic work derived from ZSM-5 type zeolite catalysts, a number of discoveries have contributed to the development of a new industrial process, known as Mobil Olefins to Gasoline/Distillate ("MOGD"). This process has significance as a safe, environmentally acceptable technique for utilizing feedstocks that contain lower olefins, especially C2 -C5 alkenes. This process may supplant conventional alkylation units. In U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,960,978 and 4,021,502, Plank, Rosinski and Givens disclose conversion of C2 -C5 olefins, alone or in admixture with paraffinic components, into higher hydrocarbons over crystalline zeolites having controlled acidity. Garwood et al have also contributed improved processing techniques to the MOGD system, as in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,150,062, 4,211,640 and 4,227,992. The above-identified disclosures are incorporated herein by reference.
Conversion of lower olefins, especially propene and butenes, over HZSM-5 is effective at moderately elevated temperatures and pressures. The conversion products are sought as liquid fuels, especially the C5 + aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons. Olefinic gasoline is produced in good yield by the MOGD process and may be recovered as a product or recycled to the reactor system for further conversion to distillate-range products. Operating details for typical MOGD units are disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,445,031, 4,456,779 (Owen et al) and 4,433,185 (Tabak), incorporated herein by reference.
In addition to their use as shape selective oligomerization catalysts, the medium pore ZSM-5 type catalysts are useful for converting methanol and other lower aliphatic alcohols or corresponding ethers to olefins. Particular interest has been directed to a catalytic process ("MTO") for converting low cost methanol to valuable hydrocarbons rich in ethene and C3 + alkenes. Various processes are described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,894,107 (Butter et al), 3,928,483 (Chang et al), 4,025,571 (Lago), 4,423,274 (Daviduk et al) and 4,433,189 (Young), incorporated herein by reference. It is generally known that the MTO process can be optimized to produce a major fraction of C2 -C4 olefins. Prior process proposals have included a separation section to recover ethene and other gases from byproduct water and C5 + hydrocarbon liquids. These oligomerization process conditions which favor the production of C10 -C20 and higher aliphatics tend to convert only a small portion of ethene as compared to C3 + olefins.
It has been discovered that methanol, DME or the like may be converted to liquid fuels, particularly distillate, in a multi-stage continuous process, with integration between the major process units providing an alkene-rich recycle stream. The initial stage MTO type process hydrocarbon effluent stream, after byproduct water separation, can be fed to the MOGD stage for conversion to heavier hydrocarbons. Ethene and C5 + hydrocarbons may be recovered by interstage separation from the primary effluent or the secondary oligomerization stage gasoline product may be recovered for recycle to the MTO unit. Advantageously, the recycle is found to be reactive in the presence of ZSM-5 type catalysts and increase the yield of C3 -C4 olefins and, ultimately, the overall distillate yield. This discovery is particularly useful for converting recycled gasoline in a fluidized bed MTO unit.
In a preferred embodiment, the invention provides methods and apparatus for an integrated continuous technique for converting oxygenated organic feedstock to liquid hydrocarbons comprising means for
contacting the feedstock with zeolite catalyst in a primary fluidized bed catalyst stage at elevated temperature and moderate pressure to convert feedstock to hydrocarbons comprising C2 -C4 olefins and C5 + hydrocarbons;
cooling and separating effluent from the primary stage to recover a liquid hydrocarbon stream and a light hydrocarbon vapor stream rich in C2 -C4 lower olefins;
pressurizing and contacting the light olefinic hydrocarbon stream in a secondary catalytic stage with oligomerization catalyst comprising medium-pore shape selective acidic zeolite at substantially increased pressure and moderate temperature to convert at least a portion of olefins to a heavier liquid hydrocarbon product stream comprising olefinic gasoline and distillate range liquids; and
recovering an olefinic gasoline stream for recycle to the primary catalytic stage for conversion in the fluidized bed.
Advantageously, the primary and secondary stage catalyst comprises ZSM-5 type zeolite and light hydrocarbons are recycled to the primary stage at a rate of about 1 to 30 parts gasoline (C5 -C9) per 100 parts by weight of hydrocarbon equivalent in the feedstock. By fractionating gaseous effluent separated from the primary staged effluent a light recycle gas stream may be recovered containing at least 90% of ethene from the primary catalytic stage and an olefinic stream rich in C3 + olefins.
Other objects and features of the invention will be seen in the following description and drawings.
FIG. 1 is a process flow sheet showing the major unit operations and process streams;
FIG. 2 is a schematic representation of a preferred inter-stage separation system for ethene recovery;
FIG. 3 is a schematic representation of an alternative system;
FIG. 4 is a preferred embodiment of an integrated olefins upgrading process, depicted by process flow sheet; and
FIG. 5 is an alternative process flow sheet depicting optional integration techniques.
Numerous oxygenated organic compounds may be contained in the feedstock material to be converted in the primary stage. Since methanol or its ether derivative (DME) are industrial commodities available from synthesis gas or the like, these materials are utilized in the description herein as preferred starting materials. It is understood by those skilled in the art that MTO-type processes can employ methanol, dimethylether and mixtures thereof, as well as other aliphatic alcohols, ethers, ketones and/or aldehydes. It is known in the art to partially convert oxygenates by dehydration, as in the catalytic reaction of methanol over gamma-alumina to produce DME intermediate. Typically, an equilibrium mixture (CH3 OH⃡CH3 OCH3 +H2 O) is produced by partial dehydration. This reaction takes place in either conversion of methanol to lower olefins (MTO) or methanol to gasoline (MTG).
Catalyst versatility permits the same zeolite to be used in both the primary conversion stage (MTO) and secondary oligomerization stage (MOGD). While it is within the inventive concept to employ substantially different catalysts in these stages, it is advantageous to employ a standard ZSM-5 having a silica alumina molar ratio of 70:1.
The oligomerization catalysts preferred for use herein include the crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites having a silica to alumina ratio of at least 12, a constraint index of about 1 to 12 and acid cracking activity of about 160-200. Representative of the ZSM-5 type zeolites are ZSM-5, ZSM-11, ZSM-12, ZSM-22, ZSM-23, ZSM-35 and ZSM-38. ZSM-5 is disclosed and claims in U.S. Pat. No. 3,702,886 and U.S. Pat. No. Re. 29,948; ZSM-11 is disclosed and claimed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,709,979. Also, see U.S. Pat. No. 3,832,449 for ZSM-12; U.S. Pat. No. 4,076,979. Also, see U.S. Pat. No. 3,832,449 for ZSM-12; U.S. Pat. No. 4,076,842 for ZSM-23; U.S. Pat. No. 4,016,245 for ZSM-35 and U.S. Pat. No. 4,046,839 for ZSM-38. The disclosures of these patents are incorporated herein by reference. A suitable catalyst for fixed bed operation is HZSM-5 zeolite with 35 wt. % alumina binder in the form of cyclindrical extrudates of about 1-5 mm. These medium pore shape selective catalysts are sometimes known as porotectosilicates or "pentasil" catalysts.
Other catalysts and processes suitable for converting methanol/DME to lower olefins are disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,393,265 (Bonifaz), 4,387,263 (Vogt et al.) and European Patent Application No. 0081683 (Marosi et al.), and ZSM-45. In addition to the preferred aluminosilicates, the borosilicate, ferrosilicate and "silicalite" materials may be employed. ZSM-5 type catalysts are particularly advantageous because the same material may be employed for dehydration of methanol to DME, conversion to lower olefins and oligomerization.
In this description, metric units and parts by weight are employed unless otherwise stated. Various reactor configurations may be used, including fluidized bed catalytic reactors, moving bed and fixed bed reactors.
Referring to FIG. 1, the process feedstock (methanol or DME, for instance) is fed to the primary stage I where it is converted to lower olefins and gasoline hydrocarbon plus water by dehydration of the oxygenated feedstock. Byproduct water is recovered by simple phase separation from the cooled effluent. Liquid hydrocarbons consisting essentially of C5 + gasoline range materials may be recovered or pumped to the higher secondary stage pressure, or optionally recyled to the primary stage reactor. At least a portion of the vapor phase effluent from the primary stage is compressed and heated along with gasoline diluent or throughput liquids to oligomerization reaction temperature, and the combined olefinic stream (optionally containing recycled olefinic gasoline) is reacted at high pressure and elevated temperature over the catalyst. Secondary stage II effluent is then separated into light gases, C5 + gasoline for recycle in part to Stage I and Stage II, and distillate range products. The distillate stream comprises a major fraction of C10 -C20 high boiling aliphatics and may contain a minor amount of aromatics.
In the process for catalytic conversion of olefins to heavier hydrocarbons by catalytic oligomerization using an acid crystalline zeolite, such as ZSM-5 type catalyst, process conditions can be varied to favor the formation of either gasoline or distillate range products. At moderate temperature and relatively high pressure, the conversion conditions favor distillate range product having a normal boiling point of at least 165� C. (330� F.). Lower olefinic feedstocks containing C2 -C6 alkenes may be converted selectively; however, the distillate mode conditions do not convert a major fraction of ethylene. While propene, butene-1 and others may be converted to the extent of 50 to 99% in the distillate mode, only about 10 to 50% of the ethylene component will be consumed.
Alkylation of ethylene with methanol over ZSM-5 catalyst has been described by Kaeding et al (J. Catalysis; January 1980, August 1984), and it is known to recycle ethene in the production of aromatic gasoline from methanol over zeolites (U.S. Pat. No. 3,998,899, Daviduk). In a fluidized bed plant for converting methanol to lower olefins and gasoline, recycle of ethylene at a rate of 2.5 parts by weight be 100 parts CH2 equivalent in the feedstock methanol provides a product yield that is substantially the same, as shown in Table I. These continuous runs are conducted at the same conditions.
TABLE I______________________________________Hydrocarbon Product Yield, Wt % Without With etheneComponent Recycle Recycle______________________________________C1 0.8 0.8C2 0.3 0.3C2 = 2.5 2.7C3 4.4 4.5C3 = 4.6 4.5nC4 2.1 2.1iC4 10.8 10.4C4 = 5.4 5.1C5 + (Gasoline) 69.1 69.6Total 100.0 100.0______________________________________ T = 407� C., P = 400 KPa, WHSV = 2.65 hr-1 (based on HZSM5 catalyst).
In the embodiment of FIG. 2, the light hydrocarbon vapor stream separated from the primary stage effluent is compressed in a plurality of compression stages to condense liquid olefinic hydrocarbons. The full reaction effluent of the primary stage MTO plant is passed via conduit 101 and primary phase separator 102 to provide a first vapor stream 102V, rich in C4 -hydrocarbons, liquid hydrocarbons stream 102L, and by product water stream 103W. The liquid (e.g.-C5 +) stream 102L is combined with a corresponding liquid HC from succeeding separators and withdrawn. The primary vapor stream 102V is adiabatically compressed by multi-stage motor-compressor set 105 M-C, cooled via exchanger 106 and passed to a succeeding separator 104A, at which point the preceeding phase separation technique is repeated. Likewise other separators 104B and 104C operate to provide an ethene-rich recycle stream 104V, which is passed to turbo-expander 109E and thus at MTO pressure back via line 111 to the olefins production in the primary stage. Advantageously, the MTO effluent is received at about atmospheric pressure (e.g., 100-150 kPa) and compressed in plural stages to an intermediate pressure of about 1100-3500 kPa (150-400 psig) and separated in the final vessel 104C at about ambient temperature (20�-60� C.). Olefinic liquids rich in C3 + aliphatic are recovered from the final compressor stage via pump 108 which pressurizes the liquid HC stream to sufficiently high pressure to be employed in the following secondary stage MOGD unit.
A further modification of the interstage ethene separation technique described above is depicted in the flow diagram in FIG. 3, wherein corresponding apparatus and process streams are identified by corresponding numbers. In this adaption, ethene-rich vapor withdrawn from the first separator 204C via line 213 is cooled by heat exchanged and further processed to increase ethene purity in ethylene unit 216. As will be understood by one skilled in the art, ethene can be treated in a cryogenic plant cold box, de-ethanizer tower, absorption unit or the like to remove undesirable components prior to recycle 211 and/or recovery 212. A suitable selective sorption unit is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,471,147 (Hsia et al), incorporated herein by reference. Preferably, compressed light hydrocarbons are fractionated to recover a recycle stream containing at least 90 mole percent ethene. This can be achieved by selectively absorbing C3 + components in a C5 + liquid hydrocarbon sorbent stream.
In FIG. 4 a continuous multi-stage catalytic system is depicted for converting oxygenated feedstock to liquid hydrocarbons. The process flow diagram shows an integrated plant. The primary stage includes catalytic reactor means containing acidic zeolite catalyst for converting oxygenate to olefinic hydrocarbons rich in C2 -C4 alkenes. The interstage section includes separation means for recovering water and light hydrocarbon vapor from the primary stage effluent stream, means for pressurizing the primary stage hydrocarbon effluent stream to recover an intermediate hydrocarbon liquid stream rich in C3 + components and an ethene-rich vapor stream. The secondary stage includes catalytic oligomerization reactor means containing medium pore shape selective acidic zeolite oligomerization catalyst for converting the C3 + olefinic hydrocarbons to heavier liquid hydrocarbons. Fractionation means 317, 318, 319, 320 provide towers for separating secondary stage effluent into a light hydrocarbon stream containing C2 -C4 aliphatic hydrocarbons, a C5 + gasoline stream and distillate range stream. By recovering and recycling at least a portion of the gasoline to the primary stage for reconversion, an economic system is achieved. The C5 to C9 gasoline range olefins are coproduced with varying amounts of other hydrocarbons in this boiling range, especially aromatics. While aromatics are not made in large quantity in the MOGD secondary reactor stage due to relatively low operating temperatures, the primary stage MTO reactor can produce significant quantities at further elevated temperatures. By separating the heavier (C8 +) aromatics from the MTO effluent, a valuable high octane liquid fuel may be recovered and formation of undesirable byproducts avoided.
Gasoline range hydrocarbons from the secondary stage MOGD effluent typically contain at least 50 wt. % C5 to C9 olefins, with 90% or more mono-alkene being obtainable. These are mostly straight chain or slightly branched mono-olefinic molecules. A large portion of this effluent stream may be recycled to the MOGD reactor system for upgrading to distillate. It is a main object of this invention to reconvert a recycled portion of the MOGD gasoline by introducing it to the primary stage reactor conditions. At the higher temperature (e.g. 475� C.+) the aliphatic hydrocarbons undergo cracking and interpolymerization to produce a widely-distributed equilibration product range comprising C2 =, a large fraction of C3 = -C4 =, and heavier olefins. Recycled aliphatic hydrocarbon is particulary advantageous in the increasing production of propene and butenes.
In view of the highly reactive nature of methanol/DME or other oxygenate feedstocks, it is preferred to isolate the C5 + recycle reactant stream by introducing it to the MTO reactor substantially downstream from the oxygenate inlet at a point where the oxygenate has been essentially completely converted to hydrocarbons. This feature of the process prevents alkylation of the recycled C5 + components by methanol or the like and optimizes net production of the desirable C3 -C4 olefins. To facilitate the olefinic gasoline equilibrating reactions from oxygenates, a fluidized bed catalytic MTO reactor is satisfactory. A suitable reactor and operating technique is disclosed in copending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 687,045, filed Dec. 28, 1984, by Gould et al, incorporated herein by reference. In the preferred MTO reactor, a bed of finely divided (<150 microns) ZSM-5 catalyst is maintained in a turbulent fluidization regime. Hot feedstock vapor is passed upwardly through the fluidized bed at a superficial velocity of about 0.3 to 2 meters per second, maintaining a bed density of about 100 to 300 kg/m2. Operating at about 520�20� C. and a catalyst activity sufficient to yield a propane: propene ratio of about 0.02 to 0.3:1, production of ethylene can be controlled at a low level.
In the examples below, the aliphatic gasoline recycle stream contains 94 wt% of C5 -C9 olefins, 4% C5 -C10 paraffins and 2% C6 -C11 aromatics. This recycle stream is produced by a secondary stage oligomerization unit operating at about 5500 kPa, 1 WHSV (based on weight of fresh olefin feed to ZSM-5 catalyst) at 260� C., using the MOGD system of FIG. 4 with 2:1 internal MOGD gasoline recycle. The portion of this gasoline recycled to the primary stage MTO reactor in Case B is introduced at midpoint stratum in the fluidized bed, corresponding to more than 99.5% methanol conversion. In case C the gasoline recycle is combined with the methanol feedstock and introduced at the bottom reactor inlet. Case A is the control run without recycle. The results of three continuous MTO runs is given in Table II, based on 100 parts by weight of hydrocarbon equivalent in the feedstock methanol.
TABLE II______________________________________Material Balance for Aliphatic Gasoline Recycle Case A Case B Case C______________________________________C1 2.0 2.1 2.0C2 0.4 0.6 0.4C2 = 5.2 7.4 6.4C3 2.1 3.4 3.2C3 = 32.9 38.2 34.0n-C4 0.7 1.0 1.3i-C4 2.3 3.1 4.7C4 = 19.1 22.6 20.4C5 + P + N 9.1 15.1 20.3C5 + O 19.7 21.4 20.1Aromatics 6.5 9.6 11.7 100.0 124.5 124.5______________________________________
The above runs are conducted at 500� C., 180 kPa and about 2.1 WHSV. When operating an integrated MTO/MOGD plant according to each of the three cases, A, B, C, above, the net percentage of distillate product is increased by recycling gasoline to the primary stage, as shown in Table III.
TABLE III______________________________________Integrated MTO/MOGD Product YieldsProduct Yields, Wt. % Case A Case B Case C______________________________________Fuel Gas 2.5 2.9 2.6LPG 4.8 6.5 7.9C5 -175� C. Gasoline 31.7 20.0 26.0175� C.+ Distillate 61.0 70.6 63.5 100.0 100.0 100.0Total gasoline + distillate 92.7 90.6 89.5(G + D)Gasoline Octane (R + O) 93.2 97.5 95.1______________________________________
The optimum case B not only increases the distillate yield, but also provides gasoline product of enhanced octane rating. Both cases B and C provide gasoline recycle to the primary stage at a continuous rate of 24.5 parts by weight per 100 parts of hydrocarbon equivalent in the methanol feed. This recycle rate may be varied from about 1 to 30 parts per 100 HC depending on the combined effects of ethene recycle, MOGD operating mode, etc.
When introducing recycle gasoline to the MTO fluidized bed, the recycle stream should be uniformly distributed by injecting vapor or liquid at least 10% up the bed height, preferably 25 to 50% up the bed. It will be understood by one skilled in the art that more than 99% of the methanol can be converted in the initial 25% of the space time interval. Under the conditions described, methanol conversion to lower olefins and recycle equilibration are maintained essentially separate, with less than 1%, preferably less than 0.2% of the methanol remaining unconverted at the point or stratum of recycle injection.
A schematic flow sheet of the system is shown in FIG. 5. Vaporized and/or liquid methanol 500 is fed to the fluid bed Stage I MTO reactor 501. The water content of the feed can be 0-50 wt %, preferably less than 5 wt %. An ethene rich gas stream 524 can be co-fed with the methanol. The main fluid bed reactor can be operated either in the preferred turbulent dense bed mode or as a dilute phase riser reactor. In this example, exothermic heat of reaction is removed in an external cooling vessel 502 by circulating catalyst through transfer lines. Conversion catalyst is circulated continuously to the regenerator vessel 501R.
If maximum distillate production is desired, an aliphatic gasoline recycle stream 526 is introduced as a vapor and/or liquid directly into the fluid bed reactor 501. Location of the injection point is important. The gasoline recycle should first contact the catalyst in a region where the local concentration of unconverted methanol is low (<1 wt %, preferably less than 0.05 wt %) to prevent formation of higher paraffins and aromatics via reaction with methanol.
In the absence of appreciable quantities of methanol, the gasoline recycle stream will equilibrate to a mixture rich in low molecular weight olefins and aromatics. Overall, MTO olefin selectivity will increase with a concommitant increase in stage II distillate production. As an alternative, gasoline recycle streams 509 and 517 may be admixed with fresh methanol feed via conduit 525. The aliphatic/olefinic gasoline so recycled can react with methanol in the MTO reactor 501 to make primarily high octane, aromatic gasoline.
The total MTO product gas stream 503 is cleaned via catalyst separation device 503D, cooled, and separated in vessel 503S into a water stream 504, light hydrocarbon vapor 505 and condensed aromatic gasoline 506 fractions. The heavy gasoline 506 can be fed to the Stage II distillate mode MOD reactor via lines 511 and 514, combined with recycle gasoline 516 via line 512, or isolated as a final product 513. The light hydrocarbon vapor stream 505 is cooled further and separated in unit 505S into liquid 507 and light gaseous 508 hydrocarbon streams. Liquid hydrocarbons from the low temperature separator 505 are pumped to the Stage II reactor via high pressure separator 511S and/or recycled to the Stage I MTO reactor via line 509. The light hydrocarbons are compressed 508C and sent to the high pressure separator 511S. The pressure and temperature of the separator are chosen so that ethane, ethene, and lighter compounds are in the gaseous phase while the C3 + fraction is a liquid. The olefinic liquid hydrocarbons 514 are combined with gasoline recycle stream 516 and pumped to the Stage II fixed bed reactor system. Hydrocarbon gas stream 522, which is predominately ethene, is recycled to the inlet of the fluid bed reactor 501 after energy recovery in a turboexpander 522T. The secondary stage fractionation system 515 is operated in a conventional manner to produce LPG, gasoline range, and diesel range products, (streams 521, 518, 519, respectively) except that a fraction of the LPG rich, C2 -containing off-gas may be recycled back to the fluid bed reactor 501 via turboexpander 522T. Purge gas stream 523 is sent to a fuel gas plant to prevent the build-up of paraffins in the recycle loop.
The combined processes are an effective means for converting oxygenated organic compounds, such as methanol, DME, lower aliphatic ketones, aldehydes, esters, etc, to valuable hydrocarbon products. Thermal integration is achieved by employing heat exchangers between various process streams, towers, absorbers, etc.
Various modifications can be made to the system, especially in the choice of equipment and non-critical processing steps. While the invention has been described by specific examples, there is no intent to limit the inventive concept as set forth in the following claims.
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By the Fredericksburg Area Tourism Department
In 1714, the Stuart dynasty ended in England with the death of Queen Anne. George I, elector of Hanover, Germany, was selected to become the next ruler of England, thus beginning the long reign of the House of Hanover.
Hanover Street, named after the House of Hanover, was developed on part of a tract of land granted in 1671 to early Virginia settlers Thomas Royston and John Buckner. The street was one of Fredericksburg's original eight streets, when the city was granted its charter in 1728.
By Fredericksburg Area Tourism Department
The spirit of the past still lives in Fredericksburg, Virginia. George Washington's foot-steps seem to echo on the paths and streets of his hometown. The voices of Thomas Jefferson and other colonial leaders seem to resound through the Rising Sun Tavern.
By the Spotsylvania Department of Tourism
From The Start ...
Blacks first arrived in isolated and sparsely populated Spotsylvania County along with white settlers in the early 1700's. Through the years before the Civil War, as slaves and occasionally as free men and women, they were an important force in area development. Occupations included labor as farm and plantation workers, as domestic servants, and as artisans, such as blacksmiths, carpenters, coopers, and fine needleworkers. They also worked in the iron industries, mining, construction, shipping on the Rappahannock River, and in their own businesses.
By the first half of the 19th century, Spotsylvania County's population reached about 11,000, over half of whom were black.
Alex Haley's award winning novel, Roots, cast his African ancestor, Kunta Kinte, as a slave of a Spotsylvania family.
The author drew on her local knowledge and extensive collection of postcards to give a lively and unique view of the city's past.
Old house lovers, rejoice! This classic from the 1950s gives a friendly tour of some of Virginia's most historic houses, many of which were built in the Georgian style.
This book tells how to find historic sites by road and by boat. Includes maps.
Lists 64 places of interest and tells of churches' and universities' contribution to black leadership in the state.
The library's Virginiana Room and other historic research centers, sites, and organizations need volunteers. Come to the Fredericksburg Area Museum's 2009 Volunteer Job Fair on Monday, April 6, to learn more about volunteer opportunities in history and other fields such as health and human services, education, environment, and the arts. For more information on opportunities to volunteer your time to help with preserving the past, check out our article, Helping with History.
This article was first printed in the January, 1979 issue of the Fredericksburg Times magazine and appears here with the author's permission. Hazel Hill no longer stands.
The old Fredericksburg home, Hazel Hill, was built about 1793 by John Minor (1761-1816) at the time of his marriage (his second) to Lucy Landon Carter. It remained the Minor home until about 1855 after which its ownership passed through several hands including Montgomery Slaughter (Fredericksburg Mayor, 1860-1868) and Judge Henry Souther. It was the latter who, in the spring of 1890, sold Hazel Hill to the Honorable Joseph S. Potter.
Mr. Potter was a member of the Massachusetts House of Representatives from 1866 to 1871 and the Senate from 1871 to 1874. He was appointed to a high government office in Germany where he served until April, 1890 at which time he moved to Fredericksburg. He was described as a man who could spread sunshine among people; who could make two blades of grass grow whe= re none had grown before!
"Fredericksburg; may it increase and its commerce flourish." --Toast by George Washington, 1784
Fredericksburg-area residents and visitors have the opportunity to walk in the footsteps of Washington and Lincoln. Both presidents were entertained lavishly across the river at Chatham estate, but under very different circumstances.
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New historical romance short available: Hanging Day
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New title, new cover, new video
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Women in Speculative Fiction, News on the Grimdark Debate and the Unsung Heroes of German Literature
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"Still Bloody Cold" Linkdump
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Art versus Commerce or Selling Out
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Downton Abbey hits Germany – with an embarrassing mistranslation
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Two new releases for the holidays
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Gone Away Linkdump
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Walpurgis Night Linkdump
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Waterproof Labels - Use these full sheet paper labels in your regular ink jet printer to create water resistant labels! Simply print on it like you would any full sheet of labels, cut into individual labels with a pair of scissors or paper cutter and viola! You have waterproof labels! These labels are also oil proof (which means that your labels won't run if you spill FO or EO on your labels). These labels are specially treated to be waterproof once printed on with your inkjet printer and they are not meant to be fully submerged in water.
Reply from Bramble Berry
Hi Melanie, thanks for taking the time to leave a review! I'm sorry to hear you are experiencing some discoloration with these labels. I will be contacting you personally to obtain pictures of the problem, and help troubleshoot why this might be happening!
Reply from Bramble Berry
Hi Molly! I am so happy to hear that you found the Waterproof Labels to work well against water, and were overall satisfied. I appreciate your feedback regarding how they stick to your tube. I will be contacting you personally to help you troubleshoot why this might be happening.
Reply from Bramble Berry
Hi Sara! We've never actually had anything like this happen to our labels, and we'd love to hear more about what happened with yours and are contacting you via e-mail!
"Thank you for your prompt response. Bramble Berry has the best customer service of any company I know of. Pass the word!" -Rene
I have enjoyed seeing Josie's beautiful soap on the Bramble Berry Facebook page for some time. Right away, Josie showed immense talent and an eye for design. Josie began selling her soap on Ebay, and several weeks ago opened a brick and mortar store, Josie's Beauty Boutique, in Grants Pass, Oregon. Josie creates both melt and […]
The post From Online to In-Store: Josie's Beauty Boutique appeared first on Soap Queen.


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Andrew Gladman brings our coverage of the Understanding & Remembrance Day for Severe ME, airing the voice of patients ...
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GOOD things happening!! Am I a responder???
Discussion in 'Rituximab: News and Research' started by Jacque, Aug 27, 2012.
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Dance Practice by Miami_Motion - about 5 years ago
"This is us at dance practice wearing our tshirts from CustomInk. We had a great experience with the company and we wore our shirts to dance competition" view full details
On the Streets of Carmel by RaksArabi - about 5 years ago
"We are a 7 person belly dance troupe named RaksArabi. We were walking around downtown Carmel, California before an evening show when a photographer asked to snap our picture. He emailed this to me." view full details
Linelighters at the Nursing Home by Linelighters - about 5 years ago
"We are a group of seniors who enjoyed lilnedancing and have been entertaining for the residents at a local nursing home. They loved our new shirts. I think we may even have danced a little better." view full details
Irish Dancers love CustomInk! by Farraige_Mhor - about 5 years ago
"Our Farraige Mhór Academy Irish Dancer is modeling our School T-Shirt, and Short set (printed by CustomInk.com!), and holding the box we love to see most! We've been CustomInk customers for 3 yea..." view full details
Irish Dancers love CustomInk! by Farraige_Mhor - about 5 years ago
"We use CustomInk for ALL of our Irish Dance shirt/short orders! This summer, we decided to have some extra fun and make BootCamp Tank-Tops-- They were a hit, and dancers are looking forward to our..." view full details
Old School Halftimers by Maplewood - over 5 years ago
"I loved working with CustomInk. It was quick and easy, even my daughter could do it. I'm glad we found the website. It was truely a blessing to our team." view full details
Tap Explosion All Stars by hi - over 5 years ago
"Here is Tap Explosion working hard in the studio, gearing up for our annual show on Aug 9 at Kings Academy in Sunnyvale, CA, 'A Tribute to the Silver Screen.' We needed special costumes for our 'Ta..." view full details
Genuine Dance Company by Ajay - over 5 years ago
"After a long series of hosting dance workshops and performing at various competitions and showcases, Genuine ended their successful season with a fun group trip to New York... As an added surprise ..." view full details
Snowball '09 by SammyK - over 5 years ago
"We created these hoodies for a school dance and we all loved them. We had a Vegas theme and decided that it would be fun to have hoodies to match" view full details
EB Step Team by Lil_Cutie - over 5 years ago
"I've been with the step team for three years and it's always been my dream to get hoodies with our nicknames on them. Despite a really hard year for the whole team, we finally got our hoodies thi..." view full details