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Renewables and Nuclear At A Glance
Climate Mitigation and Environmental Footprint
Why Having A Realistic View of Energy Efficiency Matters to Climate Change
A Response to Our Rebound Critics
In response to our New York Times op-ed about the limits of energy efficiency and the furious reaction to it from some quarters, Andy Revkin asks whether we can find room for agreement on the rebound effect.
To some degree we already have.
Welcome New York Times Readers
An Introduction to the Breakthrough Institute
In a new opinion piece for the New York Times, Breakthrough cofounders Michael Shellenberger and Ted Nordhaus comment on the recent bestowment of the 2014 Nobel Prize in Physics to the trio of researchers whose work led to the creation of light-emitting diodes, or LEDs. Shellenberger and Nordhaus commend the researchers for their scientific achievements, but caution against the idea that LEDs will significantly reduce energy consumption, as touted by the Royal Swedish Academy in the award presentation. Shellenberger and Nordhaus conclude:
Lighting, Electricity, Steel
Energy Efficiency Backfire in Emerging Economies
Countries that expect to consume much more energy will likely experience higher levels of energy efficiency rebound, concludes a new Breakthrough report, released today. Rebound is the phenomenon in which energy efficiency measures increase demand for energy, which diminishes expected energy savings.
Lighting, Electricity, Steel: Energy Efficiency Rebound in Emerging Economies presents three historical case studies of when energy efficiency rebound occurred: lighting from 1700 to present, electricity generation in 20th century America, and iron and steel production from 1900 onward.
IEA Acknowledges Rebound Effects
Clean Energy Equivalent of 4 to 19 Australias Required to Meet Gap Created by Rebound
A reversal in the International Energy Agency's views on energy efficiency suggests that as much as 2,176 million tons of oil equivalent worth of extra clean energy consumption will be required by 2035 to meet the organization's aggressive climate targets. That's the equivalent of 19 Australias' energy consumption. This finding is the result of a Breakthrough analysis of a new IEA report, which showcased a new position for the agency on what energy experts call "rebound effects" – a hotly contested phenomenon in energy consumption growth.
The Left vs. the Climate
Why Progressives Should Reject Naomi Klein's Pastoral Fantasy — and Embrace Our High-Energy Planet
Ever since Marx's day, leftists have been straining to spy the terminal crisis of capitalism on the horizon. It's been a frustrating vigil. Whatever the upheaval confronting it — world war, depression, communist revolution, the Carter administration — a seemingly cornered capitalism always wriggled free and came back more (and occasionally less) heedless, rapacious, crass, and domineering than before.
Real-World Barriers to Carbon Pricing
Economists' 'One-Page' Climate Plans Won't Work
Ask an economist how to combat climate change, and you're likely to get a pretty simple answer: put a price on carbon.
"If you let the economists write the [climate] legislation, it could be quite simple," MIT business school economist Henry Jacoby told NPR last year, implying that the whole plan to curb greenhouse gas emissions could "fit on one page."
In short, tax fossil fuels in proportion to the amount of carbon they release. Make coal, oil and natural gas more expensive. "That's it; that's the whole plan," as NPR's David Kestenbaum put it.
Saudi Arabia Fast-Tracks to Nuclear
Royal Family Plans for Nuclear to Provide 15 Percent of Power in 20 Years
Last Tuesday, energy officials in Saudi Arabia announced plans to become a major nuclear energy state, assuring the reactors would be used only for peaceful purposes (The Nuclear Wire). They intend to move fast, beginning construction by year's end.
Climate change is one of the biggest environmental, technological, and developmental risks in human history. Confronting the risks posed by increasing global temperatures requires a deep understanding of energy and agricultural policy, the needs of urbanizing and industrializing populations, and non-climate environmental and public health risks.
Decarbonization refers to the 200-year-old process in which societies use less carbon-intensive fuels. Economies have achieved decarbonization by transitioning from dirtier, energy-diffuse sources like wood, coal, and oil, to cleaner, energy-dense ones like natural gas, to ultimately zero-carbon sources like advanced nuclear and renewable energy technologies. Technological innovation will be necessary to speed up this transition from dirty to cleaner fuels.
Climate of Extremes Part Two
Dialogue – Not Diatribes – Needed for Bipartisan Action
This is the second of two articles on climate activism and political polarization. The first can be viewed here.
As Bill McKibben has focused on building a new progressive grassroots movement, Tom Steyer and his political advisors have sought to spend his vast wealth to influence key U.S. Senate and Governoratorial races. This strategy is intended to lay the groundwork for climate change to be a dominant issue during the 2016 presidential election, while positioning Steyer as a candidate for future electoral office.
Access to affordable and reliable energy is absolutely essential for human development; but energy production takes a heavy toll on the environment. With demand for energy expected to grow for decades to come as developing nations emerge from poverty, substantial innovation into clean energy technologies will be necessary to achieve our ambitious goals for greenhouse gas emissions reductions.
Climate of Extremes: Part One
How Polarizing Global Warming Strategies Backfire
This is first of two articles on climate activism and political polarization, the second of which can be found here.
In August 2011, writer-turned-activist Bill McKibben along with a few dozen other environmentalists spent several nights in a Washington, DC jail. They were the first among thousands who would be arrested in front of the White House as part of a series of intensifying protests against the Keystone XL oil pipeline. In jail, McKibben's "mind was running fast: things I needed to tweet or blog, messages I needed to get to the media," he would later recall. The protests organized by his advocacy group 350.org, he believed, marked "a turning point, the moment when insider, establishment environmentalism found itself a little overtaken by grassroots power."1
Forging an Ecomodernist Vision of the Future
From Water Consumption to Whales, Generation Fellows Conduct Cutting-Edge Research
Have the construction costs and duration of new nuclear builds always increased over time? How did humans move away from hunting whales for oil and lubricants? What will innovation look like in the 21st century given that it is increasingly complex? These are a few of the big questions Breakthrough Generation Fellows 2014 tackled this summer, laying the foundation for groundbreaking research in the areas of energy, environment, and innovation.
Is Coal Really "Peaking" in China?
Better Technologies Needed for Emissions to Start Falling
"While uncertainty over the changes in coal stockpiles still exists, we're confident that the unbelievable may be at hand: peak coal consumption in China." So concludes a recent blog post from the Sierra Club's Justin Guay and Greenpeace International's Lauri Myllyvirta, the latter of whom recently published an analysis suggesting that Chinese coal consumption dropped in the first half of 2014:
US Coal Exports Do Not Offset Massive Emissions Reductions from Natural Gas
A Response to CO2 Scorecard
Despite declining emissions, cleaner air, and falling energy prices, natural gas opponents continue to look the gift horse that is the US shale gas revolution in the mouth. The latest canard comes from CO2 Scorecard, the policy wing of environmental consultancy Performeks LLC. Some readers will recall that last year, CO2 Scorecard released a study claiming that rising natural gas generation accounted for only about a quarter of US emissions reductions from 2011 to 2012. Now, in a recent report, which has been cited by the AP and Mother Jones, they claim that rising gas generation accounts for all of the increase in US coal exports. This analytical sleight of hand leads them to claim that fuel switching from high-carbon coal to lower carbon natural gas in the U.S. power sector has resulted in a net increase in global CO2 emissions.
Energy For All* – But Make Sure to Read the Fine Print
Why We Need to Be Careful with How We Generalize Energy Needs
Meet Doña Maria (pictured above). She is a mother, housewife, agricultural worker, and shopkeeper, who lives with her two daughters in a rural community located approximately 30 kilometres from Nicaragua's capital city, Managua. Until recently, she was one of 1.4 billion people on this planet without access to electricity.
That was until Doña Maria participated in a program that provided her family with a solar home system (SHS). The SHS means that Doña Maria has electric lighting – she no longer suffers the polluting kerosene lamp or strains her eyes with the low luminescence of a candle. Doña Maria can power a limited number of small devices, which means she does not have to travel to the nearest grid-connected town to recharge her mobile phone.
Electrify to Adapt
Tanzania to Use More Natural Gas and Coal to Combat Energy Poverty
Despite facing a direct threat from climate change, Tanzania plans to rely heavily on coal and natural gas for its future energy needs as the country strives to develop its economy.
The east African nation has suffered from a growing energy deficit in the last several years, caused partly by recurring droughts that have crippled hydropower capacity. Critics say the government has mostly failed to tap the country's other renewable energy potential to help bridge the power gap.
How the US-Africa Summit Can Catalyze Africa's Rise
Gas and Hydro Set to Dominate Africa's Energy Sector
When African heads of states descend on Washington, DC, next week for the US-Africa Leaders Summit, hosted by President Obama, the challenge of raising millions of Africans out of energy poverty is poised to take center stage. Adding to this conversation are the Electrify and Energize Africa Acts, two parallel pieces of legislation being moved through the House and Senate (respectively). If enacted, the legislation ensures the government will create a framework to increase electrification in sub-Saharan Africa, at no additional cost to US taxpayers.
A High-Energy, Low-Footprint Planet
Why We Can Expect Peak Impact by the End of this Century
Most of us tend to think that the more energy we consume, the more we destroy the planet. But according to Linus Blomqvist, Director of Research at the Breakthrough Institute, just the opposite may be true: a world with cheaper, cleaner, and more abundant energy might improve the wellbeing of the growing human population and, at the same time, leave more land for natural habitats and wildlife.
Are Bike Sharing Programs Truly Green?
In London, Bike Sharing Adds Cars to the Road
Bike share programs might seem like the ultimate environmentally-friendly mode of urban transportation. As more people hop on bikes, the thinking goes, the use of cars will drop.
But researchers have found that the math isn't quite so simple. According to a new study, London's bike share program actually increases the number of automobile miles driven per year, partly because trucks are needed to ferry bikes between stations.
High-Energy Africa
Development Experts Make the Case for Big Investments in Sub-Saharan Africa
Africa has experienced massive economic growth over the last decade, but in order for this growth to translate into significant development outcomes, big investments will be needed to provide electricity to the 600 million sub-Saharan Africans who lack it, said a panel of development experts at Breakthrough Dialogue.
Lack of cheap and reliable energy is a significant barrier to continued economic growth. While some advocates have suggested that small-scale, distributed renewable energy technologies can meet the needs of sub-Saharan Africa, two of the panelists argued that Africa's power sector will much more diverse, and, at least in the near future, dominated by hydro and fossil fuels.
High-Efficiency Planet
Efficiency Gains Have Driven Cost Declines and Increases in Energy Consumption – Will the Trend Continue or Peak?
When most people think of energy efficiency, they think of modern amenities, like their squiggly compact fluorescent light bulbs. But according to one of the world's experts on the history of energy, lighting has become more efficient for 700 years — and much cheaper as a result.
"Over the last 700 years, there has been a 10,000-fold decline in the cost of lighting," explained London School of Economics professor Roger Fouquet at Breakthrough Dialogue. "Between 1800 and 2000, there was a 1,000-fold increase in lighting."
Unleashing Africa
How the US Can Light Up the Futures of the 1.4 Billion People Living Without Electricity
What is "energy poverty"?
Energy poverty simply means a lack of affordable, reliable electricity needed to support a comfortable, prosperous standard of living. Billions of the world's energy poor aren't connected to any power source. And for those who are connected to the grid, the actual flow of electricity is sporadic and blackouts frequent.
Because of outdated and insufficient infrastructure, many countries do not generate enough electricity to meet growing demand, leaving actual consumption at extremely low levels. The average American uses about 13,200 kWh/year. By comparison, here are the averages for citizens in a few African countries (and Todd's fridge):
Prepare for High Energy Growth, Climate Experts Warn
International Energy Agency Faulted for Unrealistic Projections
World leaders are failing to come to grips with the implications of rapidly rising energy consumption for climate change, climate experts said at last week's Breakthrough Dialogue.
"If everyone in the world were to consume energy at Germany's highly efficient levels," explained Roger Pielke, Jr., an environmental studies professor at the University of Colorado, Boulder, "global energy consumption would need to triple or quadruple. How do we provide the energy equivalent of adding 800 Virginias while meeting climate goals?"
The Low-Energy Club
Sierra Club Report Calls for Universal Electricity Access at 0.15 Percent California Levels
In the last few years, there has been a growing consensus among scholars and wonks that the rest of the world will follow the West in living modern lives complete with modern infrastructure, industry, and development. The question is not whether poor countries will develop and lead high-energy lives, but how much more energy they will consume, and how much of it will come from low-carbon sources.
The Energy Innovation Imperative
If Carbon Pricing Is Primary Solution, Climate Change Won't Be Solved
The following article first appeared in Christian Science Monitor and is reproduced with the authors' permission.
Carbon pricing has been the go-to solution for economists and environmentalists alike since climate change was identified as one of the foremost social and environmental challenges of our time.
Want a climate rescue plan? Carbon pricing. Want to raise revenue for clean energy deployment? Carbon pricing. It's the "silver bullet" for other things, too. Want to reduce reliance on foreign oil? Or raise revenue to correct other tax inefficiencies? Carbon pricing.
Patent-Free Innovation
Why Tesla Giving Up Its Intellectual Property Is the Model for Clean Tech
Late last week, Elon Musk, the CEO of Tesla, announced he would not initiate lawsuits against anyone who uses the patents for Tesla's technologies. In effect, Tesla's competitors can now freely take advantage of the company's designs for sunroofs, vehicle parts, and batteries.
Given Musk's celebrity status as an inventor, it is no surprise that most of the press has devoted its coverage to analyzing his rationale. On the face of it, letting others openly copy the technologies and ideas you have painstakingly developed doesn't seem like a sensible business plan. In the long-term, however, Musk's decision shows how greater knowledge sharing and looser patent regulations could accelerate innovation in the clean tech industry.
Embracing Creative Destruction
Hopeful Pragmatism for a Disruptive World
Over the last two decades, Joseph Schumpeter has become perhaps the most influential economist in the world, largely because of his view of capitalism as a process of "creative destruction." His most famous work, Capitalism, Socialism, and Democracy, published in 1942, is today more widely cited than John Maynard Keynes's The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money. Schumpeter taught at Harvard and was elected president of the American Economics Association in 1948. Yet his work was neglected outside of academic economics for almost half a century after his death in 1950.
Solar Panels Are Not Cell Phones
The Developing World Won't Leapfrog the Traditional Grid to Solar Microgrids
"Developing countries can leapfrog conventional options," the UN Secretary General Ban Ki Moon wrote in the New York Times last year, "just as they leapfrogged land-line based phone technologies in favor of mobile networks."
This seems like good news for those who envision solar panels powering the future economies of today's developing countries. The Sierra Club believes that the "hardened and centralized infrastructure of 20th-century power grid" will be unnecessary in countries where little or no infrastructure currently exists. The White House recently announced that $1 billion in Power Africa investments (out of $7 billion for the whole initiative) will be directed at off-grid projects, writing that distributed generation "holds great promise to follow the mobile phone in leapfrogging centralized infrastructure across Africa."
Proposed EPA Rules Are Kryptonite to New Nuclear
Why Regulating a Harmless Emission Could Make Nuclear More Expensive
I like the proposed carbon emissions rules from Environmental Protection Agency. They address the real issue of balancing our energy mix and may be the only way to move forward in the absence of congressional leadership.
But the EPA has gone a little wild with their latest proposal. This new proposed emissions rule (actually a re-do of parts of 40CFR190 that may result in a rulemaking) is for nuclear power plants (Federal Register). An operating nuclear power plant has very low emissions of any kind except water vapor. No carbon emissions and almost no radioactivity emissions.
Nuclear Is Cheaper Than Solar Thermal
New Vogtle Plant Costs Half As Much as Crescent Dunes Solar Facility
I'm a big fan of TIME reporter Mike Grunwald and often think that he and Breakthrough are among the only people who really understand that Obama's signature climate policies are not fuel economy standards or power plant regulations, but the tens of billions invested in clean energy technology and innovation.
American Pastoral
How Romantic Elites Became the Eco-Puritan Left
For years, political divisions over the environment have had the seemingly odd feature that Americans farthest from the open country have tended to be most supportive of protecting the environment, while those nearest to it — farmers and other rural residents — have been most resistant. This split has been muddled in recent years as nature lovers have retired to the countryside, country folk have realized the business advantages of environmental tourism, and political polarization has increasingly subsumed specific issues. Still, when contentious topics such as the Keystone Pipeline or expanding national parks come up, the nature purists tend to be upscale urbanites. The General Social Survey asked how willing respondents would be to "accept cuts in your standard of living in order to protect the environment;" highly educated, white liberals in metropolitan areas were the most willing.
2014 Breakthrough Generation Fellows Arrive
Top Young Scholars to Conduct Cutting-Edge Research
An outdoors enthusiast who studies innovations systems at the Consortium for Policy, Science & Outcomes; a masters student at the Massachusetts Institute Technology performing nuclear fuel cycle analyses; a young woman who biked across two states to advocate for moving beyond fossil fuels; and a postgrad studying water governance who spent a year in rural China. These are among the 10 outstanding young thinkers will join the Breakthrough Institute this summer for research fellowships focused on crafting new approaches to major environmental challenges.
Making Fossil Fuels Irrelevant
Why Raising the Price of Fossil Fuels Is A "Waste of Effort"
On Monday, under section 111(d) of the Clean Air Act, President Obama proposed regulations requiring significant reductions in greenhouse gases produced by each American state. Using 2005 as a baseline, states, on average, will be required to achieve a 30 percent reduction in greenhouse gases by 2030. If the courts allow it, a year from now, those regulations would go into effect and about two years from today, on June 1, 2016, the states would be required to tell EPA how they will achieve those reductions. The president's move is long overdue, but remains a significant step. It says that global warming is an established scientific fact and American public policy and law will now turn to the long-term goal of mitigating climate change.
Fracking's War on Coal
Why Tech Innovation Matters Far More to the Environment than Pollution Regulations
In 1981, an independent Texas natural gas producer named George Mitchell realized that his shallow gas wells in the Barnett gas fields of Texas were running dry. He had sunk millions into his operation and was looking for a way to generate more return. Mitchell was then a relatively small player in an industry that by its own reckoning was in decline. Conventional gas reserves were limited and were getting increasingly played out.
Natural Gas Revolution Behind Obama EPA Carbon Proposal
8 Graphs Reveal Role of Shale Gas in EPA's Proposed Climate Rule
Natural gas from shale grew more than fivefold in five years.
How Ambitious Are the EPA's Proposed Carbon Dioxide Reductions?
Everything Depends on Your Assumptions About the Future
The Obama administration's proposed carbon dioxide reductions are larger than what the government's Energy Information Administration (EIA) predicts would happen without regulations, and similar to reductions that would be achieved if the carbon intensity of the power sector declines at the same pace it did between 2005 and 2013, a new Breakthrough Institute analysis finds.
EPA Points to Nuclear as Climate Solution
Advanced Nuclear and Preventing Retirement of Plants Key to Carbon Reductions
The Environmental Protection Agency is encouraging states to consider building new nuclear power plants, and keeping older ones open, to meet federal carbon dioxide targets. State incentives could "discourage premature retirement" and "encourage deployment of nuclear unit designs that reflect advances over earlier designs," wrote the EPA in its proposed carbon dioxide rule, issued by the Obama administration on Monday.
To Carol Browner, Nuclear More Than Just Matters – It's Essential
Former EPA Administrator on Why We Must Preserve Existing Nuclear Plants
In late April, Carol Browner, former Environmental Protection Agency Administrator, announced she was joining Nuclear Matters, an alliance of individuals, organizations, and businesses seeking to preserve America's existing nuclear plants because of the benefits they provide. Browner has a long history with environmental policy. Not only was she the longest serving Administrator of the EPA, Browner also served as director of the Office of Energy and Climate Change Policy under President Obama. Although Browner never felt strongly opposed to nuclear energy, she came to the realization that, without it, we will likely fall short of our clean energy and carbon pollution goals. Breakthrough spoke with Browner about her new role with Nuclear Matters and the challenges facing the industry today.
The Triumph of Climate Pragmatism
Wirth and Daschle Argue Against Binding Global Caps on Emissions
For the better part of two decades, a small group of policy scholars and climate policy advocates have argued that the United Nations' climate treaty efforts were doomed. Caps on emissions, and other efforts that make fossil fuels more expensive, would fail in world where competitive alternative fuels don't exist, and where billions of people need to consume more, not less, energy. As such, the recent call by former senators Tim Wirth and Tom Daschle to abandon binding emissions limits, and instead to embrace technology innovation to make clean energy cheap, can be fairly described as the triumph of climate pragmatism.
Why Innovation Should Be at the Heart of Climate Policy
An Interview With Matthew Stepp of CCEI
As a graduate student at the Rochester Institute of Technology, Matthew Stepp was frustrated by the fact that the major climate change policies under debate – carbon pricing, electric vehicle subsidies, feebates – weren't enough to deeply cut carbon. He was also skeptical that the climate advocacy's vague call for movement building could change the political economy calculus.
At the Breakthrough Institute, where Stepp was a Generation Fellow, he found others who shared his frustration and were attempting to outline new policies that could effect technological change. Four years later, and Stepp is now the leader of the first think tank in Washington, DC, that is dedicated to spurring clean energy innovation, much like what was accomplished with the shale gas revolution.
Growth of Biomass Far Outstrips Growth of Solar and Wind
Absolute Growth of Biomass in US 2X Higher than Wind and Solar
If I asked you to think of renewable energy, what comes to mind? I imagine it is skyscraper-sized wind turbines, solar panels on suburban roofs, or massive hydroelectric dams. You probably do not think of burning wood or converting crops to liquid fuel to be used in cars. Yet throughout the world bioenergy remains the biggest source of renewable energy. In fact its growth in the last decade has been greater than or similar to that from wind and solar in most places, and those places include the European Union and the United States of America.
Moderate Environmentalists Go Nuclear
The Incremental, Pragmatic, and Prudent Shift in Green Attitudes
Last year, many scoffed at the suggestion that support was growing for nuclear power. Before the release of pro-nuclear documentary Pandora's Promise, green magazine Grist wrote, "Of the 10 leading enviro groups in the US, zero support new nuclear power plants." In response to an open letter sent by climate scientists to environmental leaders last fall, Ralph Cavanaugh told CNN, "I've been in the NRDC since 1979. I have a pretty good idea of where the mainstream environmental groups are and have been. I have seen no movement."
The Conservative Case for Climate Policy
And Why Adaptive Resiliency Is One Way Forward
It is not news to say that climate change has become the most protracted science and policy controversy of all time. If one dates the beginning of climate change as a top tier public issue from the Congressional hearings and media attention during the summer of 1988, shortly after which the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change was set in motion with virtually unanimous international participation, it is hard to think of another policy issue that has gone on for a generation with the arguments—and the policy strategy—essentially unchanged as if stuck in a Groundhog Day loop, and with so little progress being made relative to the goals and scale of the problem as set out. Even other areas of persistent scientific and policy controversy—such as chemical risk and genetically modified organisms—generally show some movement toward consensus or policy equilibrium out of which progress is made.
Can Any Tech Stop Asia's Coal Future?
Solar, CCS, Nuclear, and Natural Gas Not Scaling Fast Enough
Coal will dominate China's power landscape for decades to come and is increasing in Southeast Asia's energy mix as well. The International Energy Agency (IEA) has reported that coal will replace natural gas as the dominant power-generating fuel in the 10 member states of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). At the same time, energy consumption in this region is expected to double in the next 20 years, and the Asian Development Bank (ADB) estimates that coal will account for approximately 83 percent of electricity production in the Asia-Pacific by 2035. In advance of the 2014 Pacific Energy Forum, NBR spoke with Armond Cohen, Cofounder and Executive Director of the Clean Air Task Force, to explore the implications of coal's growing role in the fuel mix of China and ASEAN countries—as well as India—and assess the tools and policy options available to reduce the environmental impacts.
Cheap Nuclear
UC Berkeley's Per Peterson Pursues Radical New Design with Off-the-Shelf Technologies
What is the best design to make next generation nuclear reactors safer and cheaper? That's the question everyone from Bill Gates to the Chinese government is asking. The US Department of Energy has recently bet that smaller will be cheaper, funding small modular reactors with passive safety features. But much of the action is on molten salt reactors, which are being pursued by Gates-backed Terrapower, Transatomic, and UC Berkeley Nuclear Engineering Professor Per Peterson.
Reinventing Libertarianism
Jim Manzi and the New Conservative Case for Innovation
Recent years have seen growing recognition of the critical role the US government has played in creating world-changing technologies. In several State of the Union addresses, President Barack Obama made mention of the role of government in creating the information-communications revolutions. And various scholars including Richard Nelson, Vernon Ruttan, Fred Block, Rob Atkinson, Michael Lind, William Janeway, and Mariana Mazzucato have described how the federal government financed the invention of manufacturing through interchangeable parts (for rifles), canals and railroads, dams and highways, jets and microchips, pharmaceutical drugs, and much more.
USS Reagan Sailors' Lawsuit Found 'Lacking'
Nuclear Expert Questions Link Between Radiation Exposure and Health Woes
A group of Sailors and former Sailors who served aboard the aircraft carrier USS Ronald Reagan during the US relief efforts following the 2011 Great Tohoku Earthquake and Tsunami have been periodically making the news for their belief that their ailments are caused by radioactive fallout from the Fukushima reactor accidents.
Five Energy Challenges Confronting India
Stronger Infrastructure Reforms Could Release Nation from Energy Poverty
On March 12, 2014, India and the United States renewed talks regarding cooperation on clean energy. The talks concluded positively with memorandums of understanding for the two countries to cooperate on research and development, more extensive use of environmentally friendly technologies, and greater coordination on scientific development.
It is a positive development that the United States (and many others) are paying attention to India's energy needs. With a growing middle class and a population of 1.27 billion people, 50 percent of whom are under age 25, India is expected to have some of the fastest growing energy needs that are certain to dramatically impact the global economy and its energy market. With this in mind, here are 5 key things to know about energy in India.
The Psychology of Climate Change
The Science and Scholarship of How Humans Think and Feel about Global Warming
A growing body of scholarly and scientific studies finds that fear-based appeals around climate change backfire, resulting in increased climate skepticism and fatalism among much of the public.
This post summarizes scholarly and scientific articles published in peer-reviewed publications on the psychology of climate change.
Our High-Energy Planet
A Climate Pragmatism Project
More than one billion people globally lack access to electricity, and billions more still burn wood and dung for their basic energy needs. Our High-Energy Planet, a new report from an international group of energy and environment scholars, outlines a radically new framework for meeting the energy needs of the global poor.
According to the authors, the massive expansion of energy systems, mainly carried out in the rapidly urbanizing global South, is the only robust, coherent, and ethical response to the global challenges we face, climate change among them. The time has come to embrace a high-energy planet, they say.
In Defense of 'Picking Winners'
To Reduce GHG Emissions, We Need Government-Led Innovation
Virtually all economists working on climate change agree that we should price GHG emissions. Doing so creates an incentive to reduce emissions without the government directing specific technology adoptions or activity changes, that is, without "picking winners."
Nearly as many economists agree that we should subsidize basic R&D. Doing so accelerates the scientific breakthroughs that will be necessary to avoid even higher concentrations of carbon in the atmosphere. Of course, we can't and shouldn't subsidize all basic R&D regardless of how nutty the idea or indirect the connection to GHG reduction. We should subsidize the best ideas, that is, we should pick winners.
Ivanpah's Land Footprint
World's Largest Thermal Project Requires 92 Times the Acreage of Babcock & Wilcox "Twin Pack"
The opening of the world's largest solar power station provides an opportunity to take stock of our energy options. Comparison of large solar and small nuclear holds some important lessons for constructing a future that is both energy-rich and decarbonized for around 10 billion people.
The Poverty of the Energiewende
How Low Homeownership Makes Germany's Antinuclear, Pro-Renewables Policies Regressive
I recently had an interesting opportunity to spend a week in Berlin talking to many people about Energiewende, one of the most radical and far-reaching initiatives any affluent economy has undertaken in recent years. The term Die Wende has a gradation of meanings, from a gradual turnaround to a sudden U-turn, and before it became associated with energy, its most common use in German conversations was in reference to the demise of East Germany in 1989. That was, of course, a true U-turn, from dogmatic communism to absorption by liberal Germany. Energiewende cannot be a near instant U-turn — no complex technical infrastructure can be changed that rapidly — but Germany's new energy goals are bold and truly transformative. Their implementation is also proving to be less than admirable, indeed the process is becoming rather burdensome. Yet most of the people I talked to in Berlin seemed unconcerned, and many were even incredulous or politely hostile when I suggested (always mindful of Andersen's wise tale) that the king may not be fully clothed.
Electric Africa
7 Charts That Will Change the Way You Think About Africa
This is a joint post with Madeleine Gleave, and is part of a series of posts and publications, which can be found on the CGD's new Energy Poverty topic page. Download PDF of all 7 graphics.
1. Energy poverty is an endemic and crippling problem; nearly 600 million people in Africa live without access to any power, which also means no access to safer and healthier electric cooking and heating, powered health centers and refrigerated medicines, light to study at night, or electricity to run a business. Here's the situation in the 6 countries chosen to be part of President Obama's Power Africa Initiative, home to nearly 1/3 of the continent's population:
When Renewables Destroy Nature
How Integrating Society Into Nature Can Be Bad For Both
The case against using trees and crops as fuel for cars and power plants has grown stronger in recent years. The expansion of corn for ethanol in the American Midwest has worsened water pollution and soil erosion, and has had no benefit in terms of reduced emissions. Europe's biofuels mandate has resulted in a palm oil boom that has devastated the rain forests of Indonesia and Malaysia, driving orangutans to the brink of extinction. And now efforts like those in Germany to burn wood for fuel, known as "biomass," have been shown to be no better for climate change than coal—and perhaps even worse.
The Nuclear Power Imperative
Breakthrough Senior Fellow Richard Lester on the Need for Next-Gen Nuclear
Can we solve the energy problem without nuclear? I'll come to my own views on this question shortly. But first I want to make a few comments about other people's views.
In recent months, some prominent and previously antinuclear environmentalists have been declaring their support for a larger nuclear role, citing the risks of climate change for their change of mind.
Green Haze
How Wood-Burning Environmentalists Show Behavior Changes Won't Solve Climate Change
While much of the US has been dealing with severe winter weather, California is experiencing a record dry spell. The clear skies have also brought some cold nights and, with them, wood smoke. What I've noticed in my neighborhood is that the desire for a cozy wood fire cuts across political lines. And as the local air quality authority has called a record number of no-burn days due to poor air quality (high levels of PM 2.5, the fine particulates that can get through the respiratory system and lodge in lungs), the anger at restrictions on those cozy fires has also cut across political lines.
Harmonic Destruction
How Greens Justify Bioenergy's Assault on Nature
Look at the brochures of just about any environmental organization and what you will see are images of an energy system that appears to lie weightlessly on the land. Solar panels gleam atop suburban homes. Wind turbines sprout from fields where cows graze contentedly. It is a high-tech, bucolic vision that suggests a future in which humankind might finally live in harmony with nature, rather than waging ceaseless war with it.
But there are other images to consider as well. Trees clear-cut, chipped, and fed into boilers. Once diverse forests turned into monocrop plantations. Wild places sent under the plow. And melting ice caps from global warming. This is the underside of renewable bioenergy — biomass, biofuels, and biogases – one that is decidedly at odds with the ethos of pristine eco-friendliness described in the brochures.
The Passion of Alvin Weinberg
The Humanitarian Behind China's Great Thorium Push
The 59-year-old physicist was in a something of a panic. The earth was getting hotter, and nobody in Washington seemed to care. Nuclear power — the only realistic way to produce a lot of electricity with few carbon emissions — was the solution. But rising costs for nuclear power and the power of the coal lobby appeared to be trumping environmental concerns, and rationality itself.
He started writing articles. The first he published in Science. It was called "Global Effects of Man's Production of Energy." Next, he co-authored an article evaluating what would happen if the U.S. moved away from nuclear. "Continued energy demands during the first few decades of the next century will push atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations to levels which warrant serious concern, even for the low energy growth case."
Der Kohle-Boom
Germany's Nuclear Phase-Out & Rising Coal Consumption
In September 2012 Germany's Environment Minister opened a new lignite power plant, arguing the following: "If one builds a new state-of-the-art lignite power plant to replace several older and much less efficient plants, then I feel this should also be acknowledged as a contribution to our climate protection efforts."
Peter Altmaier is not alone, recently the climate benefits of Germany's new and apparently ultra-efficient coal power plants have been extolled not only by manufacturers such as Siemens and power companies including RWE, but even some of the German nuclear phase-out's most vocal proponents.
Baucus Proposal A Promising Start, But Neglects Existing Nuclear
Current Fleet Supplies 60% of Domestic Zero-Carbon Energy
Last month Senate Finance Chairman Max Baucus released a proposal to replace 42 existing energy tax incentives with two "technology neutral" tax credits, one for electricity fuels and the other for transportation fuels. By embracing natural gas and new nuclear power, Chairman Baucus' proposal could contribute to a pragmatic climate strategy. But the plan could go even farther by extending incentives to the existing nuclear fleet, where an anticipated decline over the next two decades poses the largest threat to emissions reduction efforts.
The Coal, Hard Truth
China's New Coal 6 Times Higher than Wind, 27 Times Higher than Solar in 2013
The new year brought some deserved celebration of the advance of renewable energy in China, as the government announced nearly 8 gigawatts of wind power additions and 3.6 gigawatts of new solar installed during 2013. But as I've previously pointed out, it is important to keep this laudable progress in perspective compared to the still staggeringly large annual increase in new China coal power capacity.
Steeling Ourselves for More Coal
Why Explosive Steel Manufacturing in China Matters
There is no material more fundamental to industrial civilization than steel. Modern buildings, ships, cars, planes and bridges would all be unthinkable without steel, and as pointed out by Allwood and Cullen in their fine recent book on materials production we currently have no viable substitute materials that could perform steel's multiple functions. We are still very much living in the iron age.
Can Geoengineering Save the Planet?
Two Climate Scientists Debate Pros and Cons of Climate Engineering
Geoengineering. It's not the sexiest sounding topic, but a small group of scientists say it just might be able to save the world.
The basic idea behind geonengineering (or climate engineering) is that humans can artificially moderate the Earth's climate allowing us to control temperature, thereby avoiding the negative impacts of climate change. There are a number of methods suggested to achieve this scientific wizardry, including placing huge reflectors in space or using aerosols to reduce the amount of carbon in the air.
It's a hugely controversial theory. One of the main counter-arguments is that promoting a manmade solution to climate change will lead to inertia around other efforts to reduce human impact. But the popularity of geoengineering is on the rise among some scientists and even received a nod from the IPCC in its recent climate change report.
Gwyneth Cravens
2014 Breakthrough Senior Fellows Announced
Five Distinguished Scholars Join Breakthrough Community
A economist studying electricity access for India's poor. A Stanford University scholar who published a groundbreaking ecomodernist critique of environmentalism over two decades ago. One of France's leading novelists and social critics. The co-inventor of a breakthrough nuclear technology. And the engineering professor who revitalized MIT's nuclear energy department. Breakthrough Institute is honored to announce these individuals — Joyashree Roy, Martin Lewis, Pascal Bruckner, Per Peterson, and Richard Lester — as Breakthrough Senior Fellows 2014.
This is the sixth year of Breakthrough Senior Fellows. These five new Senior Fellows will join 30 Senior Fellows. Breakthrough Senior Fellows advise Breakthrough Institute staff, collaborate on scholarly and popular papers and reports, and attend Breakthrough Institute's annual conference, the Breakthrough Dialogue.
2013: A Year of Hope and Change for the Environment
How the Green Ideological Nucleus Split
For many people who care about the environment, 2013 was a dispiriting year. Atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide reached 400 parts per million, the highest in three million years. Beijing choked on smog. Policy action on climate, whether at the United Nations or in Washington, appeared more remote than ever.
But in other ways, 2013 was an inspiring year. Declining US carbon emissions from cheap natural gas offered a picture of what climate mitigation looks like in the real world. Top environmental scientists, business leaders, climate advocates, and the world's largest economies embraced nuclear power. And a wide number of "ecomodernists" are coming to embrace an approach to saving nature that is strikingly different from the seventies-era "small-is-beautiful" model.
California Gets Coal for Christmas
SONGS Closure Produces Extra 18M Tons of Carbon Dioxide
California is getting a lump of coal for Christmas because it was naughty in shutting down the San Onofre Nuclear Generating Station (SONGS) in San Diego this year. The lump of coal comes in the form of an extra 18 million tons of CO2 per year delivered to the atmosphere by replacing the 15 billion kWhrs of electricity each year with a mix of gas, wind, and solar. Also lost will be 1,500 local jobs and $50 million in lost revenue to Southern California each year (EIA, NEI).
Virgin's Richard Branson Defends Nuclear
Sir Richard Urges People to Watch 'Pandora's Promise'
Few would question the environmental credentials of Britain's business magnate Sir Richard Branson, CEO of Virgin Group. As founder and chief benefactor of the Carbon War Room, Branson has long advocated carbon pricing, energy efficiency measures, and transforming business as the answer to global warming. Add to that list the expansion of nuclear energy.
Emissions Impossible
United Kingdom & Australia Far From Decarbonization Targets
While I was working on The Climate Fix I published several peer-reviewed articles on climate policies in the United Kingdom, Japan, and Australia. In recent months I have updated these analyses and will summarize the updates here.
Without Government the Market Fails and Fails Badly
What the Simon-Ehrlich Debate Reveals About Technological Change
In a previous post, we discussed some of the evidence suggesting that technology is indeed endogenous and does respond to scarcities and prices.
Many economists have worked on modeling this type of endogeneity of technology and how it responds to prices. Remember the great economist John Hicks's assertion, which we quoted in our previous post, about how higher price of a factor will tend to induce technological changes directed at economizing on that factor.
Climate Change Is Now in the Developing World's Hands
Can Their Economic Self-Interest Help Us All?
This past weekend, exhausted diplomats from around the world climbed into fossil fuel–powered airplanes and bade good riddance to Warsaw, Poland. They had spent two weeks holed up in the frigid capital engaging in what has become an annual Kabuki dance over what to do about climate change. Almost exactly as has happened in prior international climate change conferences—gatherings that, like the falling leaves, have become autumnal rites—intonations about a global warming threat were offered, hope for selfless environmental cooperation was expressed, and battles over who should foot the bill were fought. By the time everyone headed for the airport, little of substance had gotten done.
Hendrik Hertzberg's Nuclear Option
New Yorker Editor Endorses the Atom
Tucked into his New Yorker column on Congressional filibuster reform, Hendrik Hertzberg admitted his support for the expansion of nuclear energy: "Nuclear power plants have their drawbacks, as we've learned from Three Mile Island, Chernobyl, and Fukushima," Hertzberg wrote. "But global warming has changed the picture." Echoing a recent letter written by four leading climate and energy scientists, which acknowledges the scaling challenges of solar and wind, the New Yorker senior editor argued, "breezes and rays are not enough." In terms of a realistic alternative to fossil fuels, Hertzberg says, "the nuclear option, though not the best of all possible worlds, is better than the one we're living in."
Embracing Our High-Energy Planet
More Energy, Not Less, the Key to Cutting Emissions
"The long story of human progress is one of continually rising energy consumption," says the Breakthrough Institute's Alex Trembath.
In order to continue the path of human progress, and indeed to extend it to all of the world's inhabitants over the next century, Trembath argues that we need a "high-energy planet."
This idea flies in the face of the conventional environmental movement. Our profligate energy use is our biggest problem, the story goes. So in order to avoid doomsday scenarios, we need to cut back. We all need to live simpler and smaller lives.
The Socialist Case for Nuclear Energy
How Technology Can Achieve Marx's Vision of a New Society
The deepest, the most objective and the most indisputable criterion says: progress can be measured by the growth of the productivity of social labour. -- Leon Trotsky, The Lessons of October (1932)
Energy, the environment, global climate change, and sea level rise are all huge, vast interconnected subjects that generate much debate and controversy at every level of society. One expects this when the future of our species, and all other species, are at stake.
The center of this discussion can be narrowed down to one technological and scientific issue: the generation, use, and distribution of energy. The historic application, or utilization, of various forms of energy is a measure of human progress. Even before the rise of civilizations such as the Indus, Greek, Persian, and others long gone were relegated to the anthropology text books and museums, and even before the development of class society, human use of energy set us apart from all other species, including the higher ones such as dolphins and apes.
Behind Japan's Climate Fail
Nuclear Energy and Global Warming Commitments
Last week the Japanese government announced that it would adopt a new emissions reductions target:
A government panel on measures to tackle climate change approved on Friday a new goal to reduce the nation's greenhouse gas emissions by 3.8 percent by 2020 from the 2005 level ...
Prime Minister Shinzo Abe said he is sure that Japan can substantially contribute to global efforts to tackle climate change. The government will steadily implement necessary measures to achieve the new emissions reduction target, he said.
The new goal means a setback from the target of reducing emissions by 25 percent from 1990 by 2020, which was set in 2009 by the administration led by the Democratic Party of Japan. The DPJ is now an opposition party.
It's Not About the Money
More Money for Basic Science Is Not Resulting in Societal Benefits
Amid the mess of US politics — a pointless government shutdown, across-the-board cuts, endless partisan squabbling — now is a good moment to take stock of the fate of publicly funded science. After all, five years ago next week Barack Obama was first elected president, promising that he would "restore science to its rightful place" in US society. How has he done?
The Great Green Meltdown
How Economic Arguments Against Nuclear Highlight Environmentalist Delusions
Two weeks ago, four of the world's most respected climate scientists took the extraordinary step of sending an open letter to their long-time friends and colleagues in the environmental movement, urging them to reverse their longstanding opposition to nuclear power. The scientists told AP and CNN they felt the need to make public their displeasure after years of trying and failing to reason privately with green leaders, who believe solar, wind, and efficiency are enough to power the planet.
Generation Nuclear
Nader-Shellenberger CNN Debate Showcases Generational Divide on Environment
The generational divide around nuclear power within the environmental movement got wider last week when environmental leaders from two different generations clashed on CNN's Crossfire.
Breakthrough Institute's Michael Shellenberger, president of Oakland-based environmental think tank, Breakthrough Institute, debated legendary consumer and environmental advocate Ralph Nader on November 7.
New Paper Challenges Metrics of Ecological Overshoot
Ecological Footprint Found to Be "Misleading"
Is humanity really using 1.5 Earths? That is the central finding of the Ecological Footprint (EF), a widely cited global sustainability indicator used by the United Nations and major NGOs around the world to estimate the impact of human activity on the biosphere. But a paper published today in PLoS Biology finds the method behind the Ecological Footprint "so misleading as to preclude its use in any serious scientific or policy context."
Top Climate Scientists Urge Support of Nuclear Power
Letter Calls for 'Fresh Approach' to Nuclear in the 21st Century
On Sunday, November 3, four top climate and energy scientists, James Hansen, Ken Caldeira, Kerry Emanuel, and Tom Wigley, released an open letter calling on world leaders to advocate for the development and deployment of safer nuclear power systems. The letter begins:
To those influencing environmental policy but opposed to nuclear power:
As climate and energy scientists concerned with global climate change, we are writing to urge you to advocate the development and deployment of safer nuclear energy systems. We appreciate your organization's concern about global warming, and your advocacy of renewable energy. But continued opposition to nuclear power threatens humanity's ability to avoid dangerous climate change.
'Pandora's Promise' Airs Nationwide Nov. 7 on CNN
Pronuclear Documentary Deemed 'Essential Viewing'
Tune in and set your DVRs: Pandora's Promise will air nationwide on CNN this Thursday, November 7 at 9 p.m. (EST), with an encore showing at midnight (EST). Following a strong critical reception at Sundance Film Festival and a successful film tour led by its Academy Award-nominated director Robert Stone across the United States, Australia, and Japan, Pandora's Promise will be available to US viewers for one night only.
The Lessons of Hinkley Point C
Why Nuclear Needs to Get Cheaper, Faster
The energy-geek world I inhabit has been abuzz this week with the announcement of commercial terms for the construction of 3.2 GW of new nuclear power in the UK, to be known as Hinkley Point C. Total cost to first operation is £16 billion, comprising £14 billion in construction and £2 billion in costs to date. At £5,000 kW installed, we are talking some serious coin here.
Limiting Population Growth Is Not the Answer to Global Warming
'Elephant in the Room' Has Weak Relationship to Greater Carbon Emissions
Getting people to produce fewer babies – they already are – is a far less important challenge than getting them to consume and produce energy more rationally. It is time we worried more about rich people driving luxury cars than poor people having more babies.
Australia's Climate Follies
Abbott Government the Bellwether of Global Carbon Debate
Australia's longest-running tragedy is starting a new season with a new cast but the same familiar follies. Of course I am talking about Australian climate policy.
Before Julia Gillard was deposed she had announced that Australia's carbon price, which had been implemented as a tax (following her pre-election promise not to institute a tax), would be linked with Europe's emissions trading scheme by 2015, cutting almost $20 from the per-tonne price of carbon that had been so hard won, leaving it in the low single digits.
Is Pot Growing Green?
Assessing the Carbon Footprint of Cannabis
Over the past several years, the campaign for marijuana legalization has surged ahead in the United States. Colorado and Washington have voted for full legalization, and a number of other states now allow the consumption of medical cannabis. Yet the US federal government still regards the substance as a "Schedule 1" drug, more dangerous and less useful than cocaine or methamphetamine. The position of cannabis in American society is a deeply charged issue undergoing a sea change in the court of public opinion.
A Science Communications Intervention
Dan Kahan on How Different Cultural Groups Evaluate Risk
It's a common refrain: If people only knew more about the science, there wouldn't be so much polarization on the issue of climate change. But Dan M. Kahan's groundbreaking work has gone a long way to prove that idea wrong. In fact, he's found, it's not the lack of scientific understanding that has led to conflict over climate change, but rather the need to adhere to the philosophy and values of one's cultural group.
Peak Coal in China or Long, High Plateau?
Half of Nation's Power in 2030 Will Come From Coal
China coal power is one of the world's largest single contributors to carbon dioxide emissions, which will likely need to be reduced to near-zero levels over the next few decades to manage climate change. So when two reports came out in the last few weeks that project a peak in Chinese coal consumption within the next couple of decades, many environmental and energy commentators concluded that the problem has been tamed, and that coal will be swiftly replaced by wind, solar and gas.
Weighing the Benefits and Trade-Offs of Natural Gas
A Conversation with Michael Shellenberger & NRDC's Kate Sinding
Below is an excerpt from the conversation. You can view the complete video, as well as an 11-minute highlight video and responses from other experts here.
MODERATOR: Kate Sinding is a senior attorney and deputy director of the Natural Resources Defense Council's New York Urban Program. Her primary focus involves ensuring the proposed natural gas drilling in the northeast is subject to the most stringent environment and health protections.
Michael Shellenberger is an author, environmental policy expert and the president of the Breakthrough Institute, which is a long-time grantee of the Nathan Cummings Foundation. Co-editor of "Love your Monsters" and "The Death of Environmentalism," Michael, and his coauthor Ted Nordhaus, were described by Slate Magazine as modernists or ecopragmatists. Welcome to both of you.
Deepening Democracy
Scientists & Experts Must Guide, Not Usurp, Climate Negotiations
Last Friday, Björn-Ola Linnér and I had an op-ed in the Swedish newspaper Dagens Nyheter that discussed the role of experts in politics. We argue that, "a commitment to democratic governance means accepting that power rests with the people, and not the experts." An English translation appears below, courtesy Björn-Ola Linnér.
On Thursday, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change presented the first of four assessments, this one taking stock of the physical science of the climate system. The report's reception and promotion highlights challenges that arise when expertise meets politics.
Mark Bittman Gets It Wrong On Gas
How New York Times Columnist Misunderstands Shale Revolution
Natural gas and nuclear have done more than any other fuel source to displace coal, and have saved the United States 54 billion tonnes of carbon dioxide emissions since 1950. In the past five years, natural gas alone has displaced coal and driven the country's power sector emissions down 20 percent, leading to immense environmental and human health benefits. What follows is a response to Mark Bittman's dreary diagnosis of natural gas.
Climate Skeptics Against Global Warming
What Conservatives Can Teach Liberals About Global Warming Policy
Over the last decade, progressives have successfully painted conservative climate skepticism as the major stumbling block to reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Exxon and the Koch brothers, the story goes, fund conservative think tanks to sow doubt about climate change and block legislative action. As evidence mounts that anthropogenic global warming is underway, conservatives' flight from reason is putting us all at risk.
Bury, Burn, or Recycle?
Zero-Waste Greens Oppose Incineration on Grounds of Consumption
For communities short on landfill space, "waste-to-energy" incineration sounds like a bulletproof solution: Recycle all you can, and turn the rest into heat or electricity. That's how it's been regarded in much of Europe, where nearly a quarter of all municipal solid waste is burned in 450 incinerators, and increasingly in the United States, where dozens of cities and towns are considering new, cutting-edge plants.
But leaders of the international zero-waste movement, which seeks to reuse all products and send nothing to landfills or incinerators, say incineration falls short on the energy front and actually encourages waste. Many "zero wasters" — including groups such as Zero Waste Europe and the Global Alliance for Incinerator Alternatives, or GAIA — have become ardent opponents of the technology, contending that proponents have co-opted the carefully crafted zero-waste label by suggesting that burning to produce energy isn't actually wasting.
The Bottom Line on iPhones vs. Refrigerators
"The Cloud Begins with Coal" Author Responds to His Critics
It's uncontroversial to note that the global information-communications-technology sector (ICT) uses a lot of electricity. But convert that observation into a per capita form, illustrated, for example, by how many kilowatt-hours an iPhone might use, and protests and invectives sprout up faster than windmills in Iowa.
In response to our new report The Cloud Begins with Coal: Big Networks, Big Infrastructure, Big Power, some in the media got the point, but others seized on the comparison between an iPhone and refrigerator's annual energy use and made claims of cherry picking and questionable assumptions. It should be obvious -- though apparently not for some -- that we are not talking about the few kilowatt-hours (kWh) a year needed to recharge the battery inside an iPhone, iPad, or their equivalents.
Gas Industry Should Embrace Regulation
Sorting Out Legitimate and Illegitimate Concerns About Fracking
On Thursday, August 29, President Obama visited Binghamton, New York, and was met by a diverse collection of citizens. On one side were organized opponents of hydraulic fracturing, or fracking, protesting the President's more-than-tacit support for an industrial practice with significant impacts on local communities. On the other side, members of the Joint Landowners Coalition hosted a picnic endorsing the economic and environmental benefits fracking would bring to New York. Similar face-offs have been staged recently at political events in Ohio, Colorado, and elsewhere. But while anti-fracking sentiment fomented by national environmental organizations have focused on groundwater contamination and fugitive greenhouse gases, the protests and recent surveys indicate that communities are far more concerned about issues like increased trucking traffic, pollution from gas processing plants, and the industrialization of virgin landscapes.
Nuclear Has One of the Smallest Footprints
From Fuels to Building Materials, the Atom is Antidote to Sprawl
When evaluating the footprint of nuclear, writers and analysts tend to focus on its near-zero carbon emissions. Yet, there are many other areas where nuclear power consumes fewer resources than other electricity-generating technologies. In fact, when compared to coal, natural gas, and renewables, nuclear is the most land efficient, energy-dense source of power, with the lowest use of building materials per unit of energy generated per year, and one of the least expensive in terms of levelized costs. Evaluating these different aspects of its footprint demonstrates that nuclear is one of our most viable solutions to readily decarbonize the economy.
Trash, Trees, and Taxes
The High Environmental & Economic Costs of Germany's Energy Transition
Germany's renewable energy transition, the "Energiewende," has long been a subject of scorn among conservatives, who have argued that it is a massive ratepayer-subsidized boondoggle that has harmed Germany's economy and imposed significant regressive costs on poor and working class energy consumers. But the last several months have seen growing skepticism about the Energiewende from the center-left as well. Both Der Spiegel and the Wall Street Journal have published lengthy investigative pieces raising troubling questions about the costs and the environmental benefits of Germany's headlong pursuit of an all-renewable energy future. Even left-leaning Dissent Magazine recently published a long expose about the failure of the Energiewende to reduce carbon emissions, concluding that Germany's enormous investments in renewables, together with plans to phase out its nuclear fleet, would cost the nation a generation in the fight against global warming.


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Quentin Blake's Amazing Animal Stories
Meet a pompous hippo, magical monkeys, a fearless tortoise and a world of other amazing animals in this compelling and timeless collection of tales. The great Quentin Blake's wonderful illustrations and JohnYeoman's enchanting stories make this a collection children will return to again and again.
Format: Hardback.
Extent: 119 pages including colour illustrations.
Book measures approx: 22cm W x 26.5cm H x 1.4cm D.
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asparagus peaLine breaks: as¦para|gus pea
Definition of asparagus pea in English:
A pea plant which has edible cylindrical pods with four longitudinal wavy flanges.
- Tetragonolobus (or Lotus) purpurea, family Leguminosae
Example sentences
- Also known as asparagus pea or goa bean, the winged bean is a native of Papua New Guinea, and is fairly common on Southeast Asian and British tables.
- Cover and cook for one minute, then uncover and add the asparagus peas or mangetouts.
- They can solve the problem of early frost by cultivating asparagus peas in containers and moving them inside to a greenhouse or sunny bay window to complete maturation.
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Word of the day Sprachgefühl
Pronunciation: ˈʃprɑːxɡəˌfuːl
intuitive understanding of a language's natural idiom…


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Nymphonix Arms Around You
- Words: Alexander East
- Label: Celebrity Records
Nymphonix delivers a vocal project that features a remix by Naked Music's Andy Caldwell and a dub remix by Celebrity Records co-owner Bryan Gerrard. Tastefully produced, with lush vocals giving the overall record the aromatic scent of summer. Nice!
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If you die, Facebook will tell your family
I am always trolling for unusual, perhaps disturbing, stories of humanity. This one caught my eye as a family discovered their daughter tragically died not from police, or the institution at which she was studying, but from Facebook.
Obviously there was some institutional oversight as the police should have called the family immediately, followed closely by the university, but what really bothered me was the lack of foresight by the friends of this poor girl.
Yes, they're grieving, but I just don't think young people, at times, quite understand how the world works.
Everything needs to be made public, needs to be shared, needs to be social right now.
That is how the world is moving, but it's how this current generation of young people emotes.
It probably never dawned on them that, "hey, we should maybe wait a while to make sure her family is made aware of all of this." Rather, it's all about me and how I feel and how I choose to let everyone else know how I feel right now.
I believe you can learn tact, however that skill is becoming a lost art.
Some random thoughts:
- Growing up in Chicago and working all over the suburbs, I became a connoisseur of Dunkin' Donuts coffee. I could tell you which ones had the best coffee, from the little stand alone shop off a highway to the new cafe-style place in the west suburbs . No joke. Needless to say, I missed them when I came to Milwaukee. And of course, I was very happy to see several franchises pop up here and there of late. That said I've been disappointed with the coffee most of the time. You would think because it's a chain it all tastes the same but that is not true. I'll give these franchises a long leash as they figure it out, but Milwaukee DD's, you need to step up your game.
- Can someone explain to me why people want to treat parking garages like the Milwaukee Mile?
- I've been making for our round trip to Green Bay for OnMilwaukee.com's Packers coverage for about four months now and I have to say that drive is one of the most serene and beautiful as you can find. And yes, I look forward to seeing that land for the first time under snow.
- Kudos Buck Bradley's – best White Russian I've found so far in Milwaukee.
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Recent Articles & Blogs by Jim Owczarski
Marquette takes painful steps early on
Published Nov. 25, 2014
Less than a week after a shocking loss to Nebraska-Omaha at home, Marquette University had to squeak out a win against the New Jersey Institute of Technology on Monday night at the BMO Harris Bradley Center. "Growing pains" is not just a phrase for this squad, but a very real process.
Packers gut out tough road win over Vikings
Published Nov. 24, 2014
Coming off back-to-back blowouts, the Green Bay Packers received a challenge from the last place Minnesota Vikings Sunday afternoon in Minnesota, and the green and gold muscled up on both sides of the ball for a 24-21 victory.
Simply, the Packers go as Rodgers goes
Published Nov. 21, 2014
Football, it can be argued, is the ultimate team game. An individual can't succeed without the the help of 10 others. But in the case of the Green Bay Packers and Aaron Rodgers, is it as simple as saying as he goes, so goes the team? The numbers seem to bear that out.
Peppers' hidden talent? Blocking kicks
Published Nov. 20, 2014
Julius Peppers is adding to his Hall of Fame resume in his first year with the Green Bay Packers, taking to a new position and helping lead an improving defense. But he also is a difference-maker in the third phase of the game, and at any moment, his hidden talent can turn the tide of a game.
Big men playing big role in Bucks offense
Published Nov. 19, 2014
Ball sharing is the core of Jason Kidd's offense, and the biggest parts of that, literally, are the team's big men. They help keep the offense moving in the half court with smart passing decisions and finishing around the rim.
Fantasy football picks week 12
Published Nov. 19, 2014
Things got back to normal in the NFL last week, right? Aaron Rodgers and Jamaal Charles had huge games, Jay Cutler and Andy Dalton reverted back to form, Jonas Gray and Mike Evans dominated ... wait, what? Oh, well, if you read this column you knew Evans was a must-start. We're here to help you win again with this week's picks.
Burton set to break out, even with a heavy heart
Published Nov. 18, 2014
Marquette University sophomore Deonte Burton will play this season with a heavy heart following the loss of his mother, but he knows she's watching over him -- and he's poised to break out this season for the Golden Eagles in her honor.
How an arena at Journal Square might look
Published Nov. 17, 2014
OnMilwaukee.com reported that the Milwaukee Bucks were negotiating to purchase the Journal Sentinel buildings, commonly known as the Journal Square, with the intention of using the space for a new multi-purpose arena. ScopeBridge LLC helped us visualize what an arena could look like, and show that a multi-use stadium could indeed fit within that area just off the Milwaukee River and Pere Marquette Park.
Packers tear apart Eagles in blowout win
Published Nov. 16, 2014
Heading in to Sunday afternoon, many presumed the matchup between the Green Bay Packers and the Philadelphia Eagles would have a playoff feel, with the Packers getting a true challenge at home for the first time in 2014. Neither was the case, as Aaron Rodgers picked apart another opponent at Lambeau Field in another blowout victory.
New era of Golden Eagles basketball begins
Published Nov. 14, 2014
The Marquette Golden Eagles men's basketball team enters the year with low preseason expectations in the Big East, even nationally, but new head coach Steve Wojciechowski and his undersized, undermanned roster is ready to start off a new era.


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If you want top grades and thorough understanding of differential equations, this powerful study tool is the best tutor you can have! It takes you step-by-step through the subject and gives you 563 accompanying problems with fully worked solutions. You also get plenty of practice problems to do on your own, working at your own speed. (Answers at the back show you how you're doing.) Famous for their clarity, wealth of illustrations and examples, and lack of dreary minutiae, Schaum's Outlines have sold more than 30 million copies worldwide—and this guide will show you why!
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The Ridemonkey Secret Santa has begun
To participate, make sure you send your email by Friday, November 28th.
Go here for details and to learn how to participate.
What bikes could become viable again thanks to offset hardware and angled headsets?
Discussion in 'Downhill & Freeride' started by wysiwyg, Feb 14, 2013.


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Find records of Glenn Arbouin
Find birth, death, marriage, military, and other records of Glenn S Arbouin at Ancestry.com.Search for records
Biography & Family History Add details
Glenn S Arbouin (1943 - 2006) was born on July 31, 1943. He was born into the Arbouin family.
There are no known spouses or children on record for Glenn. Glenn died on January 19, 2006 at 62 years old.
Glenn S Arbouin's last known residence is at Selma, Josephine County, Oregon.
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Alistair Farquharson is a visionary industry veteran focused on using disruptive technologies to drive business growth and improve efficiency and agility within organizations. As the CTO of SOA Software Alistair is helping to shape and mature the enterprise API and SOA industry. Alistair is responsible for product strategy and development for this leading Enterprise API and SOA Governance company. He spends a great deal of time and energy shaping customer and industry direction with regular conference keynote appearances, discussions with customers, and even the occasional foray into writing code. Alistair has been at the forefront of many technology waves from enterprise web architecture, through web services and SOA, and now into APIs. His expertise spans a wide range of technologies and businesses, and he brings a unique global focus to everything he does.
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By: MistressAllison
Video Details
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Recent Posts
POGO Asks Pentagon to Keep Tabs on Service Contract SpendingNovember 26, 2014
Why Critics of Transparency Are WrongNovember 24, 2014
Data on Oil, Gas, Mining Projects Often Incomplete, Missing or InaccessibleNovember 21, 2014
Awaiting Answers from DOE IG on Whistleblower's AccusationsNovember 21, 2014
Treasury Nominee Eligible for "Revolving Door" RewardsNovember 21, 2014
CMRR-NF Cancelled, but Questions LingerNovember 20, 2014
Corporate Political Spenders Get Lucrative PayoutsNovember 20, 2014
Pentagon Still Plans to Blow Through Its AllowanceNovember 19, 2014
Audit Faults State Dept's Kabul Embassy Security ManagementNovember 17, 2014
Members of Congress Oppose Using Budget Gimmicks to Fund the PentagonTweet
March 19, 2012
Overseas contingency operations (OCO) funds, which have been used to pay for the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan, should only be used to fund emergency military operations, according to a recent letter from six Republican Representatives to the House Appropriations Committee.
"Any gimmicks that would shift regular, base budget functions into OCO accounts would distort any potential spending cuts and do nothing to address the debt crisis we are still facing," write the letter's signatories, which according to Inside Defense are Representatives Jeff Flake (R-AZ), Jim Jordan (R-OH), Tom McClintock (R-CA), Mick Mulvaney (R-SC), John Campbell (R-CA) and Scott Garrett (R-NJ).
This shifting of funds from base budgets to OCO is a way for lawmakers to avoid the caps on discretionary spending resulting from last August's debt ceiling bill because the OCO budget, unlike base budgets, is not capped.
The legislators behind the letter argue that this strategy is deceptive. "Much like passage of emergency spending bills that contained billions in extraneous spending unrelated to the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan was not an honest way to budget, neither is transferring funds that belong in the base budgets of bills to accounts that are meant to be temporary accounts to fund war-related spending," the letter states.
Both Congress and the White House have already used this trick. Ben Friedman of the Cato Institute and Charles Knight of the Project on Defense Alternatives wrote in The National Interest that "The current administration acquiesced last year as the Congress shifted about $7 billion of what was non-war Pentagon funding into the OCO account to get under the spending cap. This year, they propose moving at least $4 billion in 'temporary end strength' costs into the war account."
This chicanery allows lawmakers to keep funneling taxpayer money into the Pentagon despite legislation they enacted to reduce the federal deficit. It also undermines the intent of OCO funding. As Friedman and Knight said, "OCO budgets should be reserved for extraordinary emergencies. Otherwise, they become a Pentagon slush fund."
POGO opposes using OCO budgets as a "slush fund" and supports the effort of these House Republicans to make sure that war funding is used to actually pay for wars, not the Pentagon bureaucracy.
Investigator, POGO
At the time of publication, Ben Freeman was an investigator for the Project On Government Oversight. Ben's work focused on national security and the influence of foreign lobbying on the U.S.
Related Content: Budget, Defense, Deficit
Authors: Ben Freeman, Ph. D.
Related Posts
POGO Asks Pentagon to Keep Tabs on Service Contract SpendingNovember 26, 2014
Pentagon Still Plans to Blow Through Its AllowanceNovember 19, 2014
The Fight Over the A-10 May Just Be BeginningNovember 17, 2014
Acquisition Reform Seems More Like Industry Wish ListNovember 7, 2014
POGO Weighs in on Pending Defense Policy BillOctober 22, 2014
Commission on DOE Labs Looks at Interagency WorkOctober 14, 2014
In Defense of National Security WhistleblowersSeptember 26, 2014
A Ray of Light from Senator Durbin's Defense Subcommittee: Will It Brighten or Fade?September 26, 2014
Stay Connected
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Latest Podcast
Podcast; Social Media, Internet Provides Opportunities, Challenges for Lawmakers
The Congressional Management Foundation offers the Gold Mouse Awards annually to members of Congress who make the most of the opportunity the digital world offers them. POGO spoke with members of Rep. Mike Honda's communications team about their award.


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Best to Worst Harry Potter Movies
List Criteria: Rank the "Potter" films in order of preference. If you really dislike a film, leave it off your list
The film series spanned an entire decade; the first entry, "Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone," was released in 2001, and the final film, "Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows - Part 2" arrived exactly 10 years later in 2011. The talents of 4 directors were involved, with David Yates taking on the bulk of the series, everything from "Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix" on. Columbus and Yates are the only two filmmakers to return for more than one "Potter" film. Nonetheless, the movies' acting cast, writers and some crew members remained remarkably consistent. Steve Kloves wrote all the Potter films (with assistance from "Potter" author JK Rowling) except for "Order of the Phoenix," which was penned by Michael Goldenberg. The main cast of Daniel Radcliffe, Rupert Grint and Emma Watson as Harry, Ron and Hermione (respectively) featured in all 8 films, as did Robbie Coltrane as Hagrid, Alan Rickman as Professor Snape, Maggie Smith as Professor McGonagall and Tom Felton as Draco Malfoy. Richard Harris portrayed Hogwarts Headmaster Albus Dumbledore in the first two films, but passed away on October 25, 2002. He was replaced by Michael Gambon in all the films to follow.
- 54 ReRanks
- See list ranked by
- 1Up 425Down 130
the people's #1 Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2 Emma Watson, Daniel Radcliffe, Gary Oldman
- 2Up 442Down 128
Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban Emma Watson, Daniel Radcliffe, Gary Oldman
- 3Up 336Down 135
Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone Emma Watson, Julianne Hough, Daniel Radcliffe
- 4Up 350Down 166
Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire Emma Watson, Robert Pattinson, Daniel Radcliffe
- 5Up 311Down 161
most listed Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows - Part I Emma Watson, Daniel Radcliffe, Ralph Fiennes
- 6Up 313Down 156
Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets Emma Watson, Daniel Radcliffe, Alan Rickman
- 7Up 306Down 161
Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince Emma Watson, Daniel Radcliffe, Helena Bonham Carter
- 8Up 315Down 143
Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix Emma Watson, Robert Pattinson, Daniel Radcliffe
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Added Apr 19, 2013
Washington, Wash...
This version of Burda 2-2011-101 was completed I don't even remember when! But it is by far my favorite me-made garment to wear, so here you go!
More on le blog – makedamade.blogspot.com
Dutch Wax Print Cotton
Apr 20, 2013, 12.59 AMby liliv-1
fantastic dress! And I think it must be even better in reality!
Apr 22, 2013, 06.51 PMby Makeda Haberdasheress
Thanks Liliv! You are right, I am trying to improve the photography :-)
Apr 22, 2013, 07.14 PMby liliv-1
your sewing and ability to choose fabrics are perfect though:)
Apr 19, 2013, 08.57 PMby Karen Weaver
Love your dress. It looks like a perfect fit. I'm glad you started your blog.
Thanks Karen!
Apr 19, 2013, 11.11 AMby gimmeonekiss
i love the fabric too and i think you've used it in a great way!
Apr 19, 2013, 05.13 AMby Mary Athey
this is gorgeous on you. i love the fabric and the shape. fab x
Thanks Mary! This dress pattern is soooo flattering to so many different body types, highly recommended!
Apr 19, 2013, 03.41 AMby Mauude
Where did you get this fabric, it's so pretty!? :) I love the dress.
Apr 19, 2013, 04.01 AMby Makeda Haberdasheress
Thanks! The fabric came from a street fair in Brooklyn a few years back. Now if I could just figure out how to un-smoosh my photos!
Add to Favorites 1 person added it
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World Snow Overview
We've created this page to help you find the best snow conditions. It combines past, present and future data sources from around Snow-Forecast.com and updates regularly. The Snow Roundup page is updated on Mondays and Thursdays for all major ski resorts. Live Eyeball snow updates are shown in real time when submitted via twitter by our global network of reporters. Resort Picks lists ski resorts from around the world where new snow is forecast, powder is reported and latest snow depths.
Snow roundup
Latest eyeball reportsResort forecast picks
submit an eyeball snow report
- We are open ! Tickets are 50% off, so don't miss your chance to be the first ones to ski the slopes of Le Massif this year!
- Sooz RT @RAsnowboarding: @RAsnowboarding: #Tignes is officially open down to Val Claret and the snow is great. http://t.co/GBJ069xtmg
- Resort not yet open. Rain expected on the lower runs and at resort level.
- snowchalet Early season weekend opening at La Balme. Some great snow at the top, but early morning pistes very hard below 2000m although softening up nicely by midday. Great to get the skis back on and get this season started!
- Alberg Sport Erciyes still under snowfall. Tekir Gondola and Arlberg surface lift are active. 23.11.2014 Sunday Hacılar Gondola might be opened..
- Alberg Sport Erciyeste yoğun kar yağışı devam ediyor. Tekir Gondol ve Arlberg Yürüyen Bant devrede. 23.11.2014 Pazar günü Hacılar Gondolun açılması bekleniyor..
- Morzine Massage Bluebird day in #Morzine and only 3 weeks until the lifts open :-)
- Hotel L'Aubergade We r getting a smashing new kitchen this wkend so no roasts available. We'll b back nxt wkend from Friday 28th @ 4pm so fear not!
- Ski Villaroger 1 week to opening day in #valdisere ..
- Mountain Mavericks Phew! Extra #BabyFriendly wk added this #Winter Take the stress away and ski all week! #morzine #Holldays http://t.co/pWZIvCN0dz
- Hotel L'Aubergade Free #Christmas places for kiddies this #winter! Get in touch quick! #WhiteChristmas #Morzine http://t.co/4HSeRvQqwy
- Snow Retreat La Tania - It's been a clear day, slightly warmer than previous days.
- snow-bg Банско,Боровец,Витоша,Пампорово 21 ноември'14 http://t.co/k9mYSVQLY1 #bansko #borovets #vitosha #pamporovo http://t.co/QFDKPm487c
- Simply Val d'Isere Have you seen the forecast for next week! #valdisere http://t.co/zKE9gYZEtK
- AltitudeVerbier Tomorrow the following areas will be open: Lac des Vaux, Attelas-Ruinettes and La Chaux.
- Mountain Mavericks What is the snow going to be like this #winter! Read our predictions here! http://t.co/sTav8mKgvs #winteriscoming #Morzine #snowing
- Rebel Alliance Looks to be a change in the weather. http://t.co/qMAcyIRCFB #lessons
- Morzine Massage Another glorious day in #Morzine
- AltitudeVerbier Good morning! Another sunny day ahead in Verbier. The slopes will be open for the weekend tomorrow.
- Casapenalaza A menos de 15 días para inicio de temporada en Valgrande-Pajares, a partir del miércoles se esperan nevadas importantes
- Ski Villaroger Looking good .. Mont Pourri #lesArcs! http://t.co/vFjXHgdelk
- Counterfeit Co Plenty of snow here in #Avoriaz, people are getting amongst it. #4MorzFR #4LesGFR
- Rebel Alliance A perfect day on the mountain giving #snowboard #lessons Blue bird.
- Delicious Mountain Cold, crisp and sunny winters day
- Performance Verbier Ski School Looks like we're gearing up for winter - more pistes opening in #Verbier this weekend... http://t.co/7A7vADiKUb
- AltitudeVerbier Good morning! Attelas - Ruinettes looks ready for the weekend -> http://t.co/ExyuCGhZDM
- Ski Villaroger Tignes Today .. Looking good! http://t.co/YLiL7wZHaN
- Rebel Alliance Great day today on the hill. Blue bird. First great day of the season. @RAsnowboarding
- Morzine Massage Stunning sunny day in #Morzine today and plenty of snow on the slopes https://t.co/dB9yPitriG
- AltitudeVerbier Good news, Verbier opens Ruinettes and La Chaux area this weekend!
- James Crowther "@simplyvaldisere: 10 days until we open and it is a beautiful day #valdisere! http://t.co/HHJmZXLs0a"@crossers_b @ConorBranton
- Ski Villaroger Loads of fresh snow high up.. Looking good for opening week in a week's time! Get booked with http://t.co/alGNnUyGQB
- Andy Moreton RT @TignesHub: #tignesspirit http://t.co/gSzA72Dwua Bluebird in #Tignes today! Lucky liftpass holders will enjoy some freshies up there! #C…
- Ski Transfers Mont Chery looking skiable today #winter #lesgets http://t.co/zOZ73LhPVC
- Tignes Spirit Bluebird in #Tignes today! Lucky liftpass holders will enjoy some freshies up there! #Crisp


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Head Housekeeper
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Nov 3 -
Birmingham - Marketing & PR
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