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Dubitatus. Africa martyrs at Carthage, 17 Nov.
St. Christopher / Football
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St. Elizabeth Ann Seton
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St. Thomas Aquinas, priest and doctor of the Church, patron of all universities and of students. His feast day is January 28th. He was born toward the end of the year 1226. He was the son ... continue reading | shop
Francesco, named in honor of St. Francis of Assisi, was born to Giuseppa and Grazio Forgione, peasant farmers, in the small Italian village of Pietrelcina on May 25, 1887. From his ... continue reading
Our Lady of Guadalupe December 12 (USA) When we reflect on the feast of Our Lady of Guadalupe we learn two important lessons, one of faith and one of understanding. Missionaries who first ... continue reading | shop
St. Catherine Laboure, virgin, was born on May 2, 1806. At an early age she entered the community of the Daughters of Charity, in Paris, France. Three times in 1830 the Virgin Mary appeared to St. ... continue readingMore Saint of the Day
Less than twenty years before Teresa was born in 1515, Columbus opened up the Western Hemisphere to European colonization. Two years after she was born, Luther started the Protestant Reformation. Out of all of this change came Teresa pointing the way from outer turmoil ... continue readingMore Female Saints
St. Michael the Archangel - Feast day - September 29th The name Michael signifies "Who is like to God?" and was the warcry of the good angels in the battle fought in heaven against satan and his followers. Holy Scripture describes St. Michael as "one of the chief ... continue reading
The name Gabriel means "man of God," or "God has shown himself mighty." It appears first in the prophesies of Daniel in the Old Testament. The angel announced to Daniel the prophecy of the seventy weeks. His name also occurs in the apocryphal book of Henoch. He was the ... continue reading
Louise de Marillac was born probably at Ferrieres-en-Brie near Meux, France, on August 12, 1591. She was educated by the Dominican nuns at Poissy. She desired to become a nun but on the advice of her ... continue reading
Bishop and missionary, also listed as Robert of Hrodbert. A member of a noble Frankish family, he was appointed bishop of Worms, Germany, and then dedicated himself to spreading the faith among the ... continue reading
By Deacon F.K. Bartels
St. Teresa's whole life is one of simple beauty and fervent purpose; it is a life contained in Christ. She shows us how to live the same way through Prayer.On reading from St. Teresa, a deep feeling of her love for His Majesty envelops us; we begin, in a very real, ... continue readingMore Christian Saints & Heroes


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Dr. Heath Adam Ackley, a 15-year teaching veteran at Azusa Pacific University (APU), may lose his position. Last week he revealed to school administrators last week that he is a transgender person who is going through a divorce from as he seeks a legal name change and gender transition. Many of his students are standing by him even though school officials claim his gender identity is at odds with the University's principles.
Coming out as transgender and Christian
GLAAD Southern Stories will elevate the experiences of LGBT people in six of the nation's southern states. The initiative amplifies stories of LGBT people thriving in the South, ongoing discrimination, as well as the everyday indignities endured by LGBT people who simply wish to live the lives they love, including stories of family, stories of faith, stories of sports, and stories of patriotism

subset: commoncrawl


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My mother was a Gold from Bushkill, Northampton County, Pa. I need more info in order to look thru my records for you. Feel free to e-mail me with more details.
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Tag: dual
Hacker installs Core 2 Duo chip in Mac mini, hangs on for the ride
Macenstein has blogged a Mac mini CPU swap, as a poster in a Taiwanese forum has switched out the Core Duo chip for a Core 2 Duo chip, a next-generation CPU from Intel. The brain upgrade has resulted not only in the Mac mini stomping a PowerMac G5 dual 2.5 GHz in an iTunes MP3-AAC conversion test (...
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she was a good plopey last night
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Tuesday October 8, 2013
Actress Helena Bonham Carter and long-term partner Tim Burton have been pictured together for the first time following claims he has been unfaithful.
Showing a united front, the couple held hands on stage at the Royal Albert Hall after appearing as special guests for a performance of Danny Elfman's music from The Nightmare Before Christmas - a film which Tim wrote and produced.
The 47-year-old described the speculation as "absolute nonsense" after pictures emerged of what appeared to be the film director kissing a mystery blonde woman, adding they are very much "together" and their 12-year relationship is still going strong.
The latest news and pictures of the hot young Hollywood actress and star of Silver Linings Playbook
All the latest news, photos and more from the famous couple...


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Comment: Re:Why CurrentC will fail miserably (Score 1) 631
Target Red card requires a bank account to be linked, and it has been quite successful.
That is not true. I have a Target Red Card and no bank account information is tied to it.
Target Red card requires a bank account to be linked, and it has been quite successful.
That is not true. I have a Target Red Card and no bank account information is tied to it.
Compassion can be transferred?
Have you called ANY customer service department in your lifetime?
They don't care. Avoidance of the issue became the dominant resolution path for a reason.
I always wanted to be a programmer so I could while away the night, hacking away at solutions to problems that interested me. Now I find myself in a career mired by paperwork, delays, and clueless management. I wish I would've known what the real world was like before I started -- perhaps I'd have taken up that writing career instead. (Who's kidding who... it's just as bad, if not worse.)
After checking my history, I need to re-evaluate my definition of the word "rarely."
I have a low UID but rarely comment. Mostly because by the time I get to an article, what's worth saying has been said. In short, I wouldn't hold that against him. The other evidence... eh, go wild.
When I had heard that the Russians were calling this kidnapping, I was doubtful -- but now, not so sure. We really do exact our justice anywhere we want to, don't we?
What happened to extradition treaties and such? When did it become "stuff them in a van and drive!"?
Testify! As was said before on
I Google'd "British Journalist Facebook Photo" and received zero valid results relating to what you describe. Do you have a more direct link, or a name?
Oh, we're sorry. You haven't NOTICED the text and graphical based ads here. Since we know that can't be because you have no interest, we wanted to make it easier for you to see our advertising!
Reminds me of the project managers where I work. "Oh, reality? Fuck that, we warp it to what we think it should be!"
The problem with the pump for me is that the reservoir isn't large enough. As a Type-1 insulin resistant diabetic of almost 30 years I currently take 250u of Apidra insulin a day, along with 85u of Lantus. When on the pump with Apidra insulin forming the baseline it comes out to 325u of Apidra a day. That's a single reservoir, meaning I'd be changing my kit every day - and that's something my insurance company won't pay for and is really a pain in the ass.
And concentrated humulin R insulin does absolutely nothing for me.
And before you scream "eat less" -- if I eat a peanut butter and sugar-free jelly sandwich (two slices of white FKA known as "Wonder" bread, a tablespoon of peanut butter and a table spoon of jelly) I have to take 50u of insulin to maintain my blood sugar.
(Boy, us type 1s sure are defensive about being told how to care for our disease, heh.)
See the "people are too stupid to run a democracy" study published a few months back.
Really, here in the US, there's no benefit to doing the right thing - or anything. You'll get lambasted from both sides no matter what choice you make. Objective political reporting is dead, if it ever existed. Satisfying the donors and behind the scenes manipulators is about the only approval you can expect.
And that's our (the voting public's) fault. We have become unwilling to compromise and negotiate and instead we prefer highly publicized stand offs over minute issues while our paid taxes slowly swirl down the drain.
I don't see how having access to everything done by everyone in a nation will help them. Information overload. If they're using it to fight crime, the crime has to occur first. And the potential privacy implications of such a database as well as the identity theft/blackmail potential is simply unreasonable as a counterweight to the gains.
It's sad that I wanted to post a joke in reply to this post, but I'm afraid it would be logged, tracked, and used against me in a court of law.
Woah, woah, we have no place for your logical thinking here. Get out, heretic!
I don't get this argument that Android users don't buy apps. Perhaps I'm the minority.
On my phone right now are: Anomaly HD (which if you don't have, get!), Armored II, Bloons TD 4, Settlers of Catan, Dead Space, Dungeon Village, Epic Astro Story, Fieldrunners, Fruit Ninja, Great Little War Game, Gurk and Gurk II, HexDefense, Homerun Battle, Jelly Defense, Majesty and the Frozen North expansion, Monopoly, Myth Defense (and all expansion maps), Pocket League Story, Quell, Quell Reflect, Retro Defense, Robo Defense, Sentinel 3, SpaceStation, Townsmen 6, UNO, World of Goo, Zombie Defense, Zombieville. Not installed (but purchased through the market) are Age of Zombies, Baseball Superstars 2011, Bejeweled 2 (which EA says doesn't work on ICS but works fine), Cell Wars, Heavy Gunner 3D, Reckless Getaway, Simcity Deluxe, Spirit HD, Star Armada RTS, Super KO Boxing 2, Tetris, The Sims 3, Tower Raiders GOLD, Towers Raiders 2 GOLD, and Train Conductor 2: USA.
I've also bought apps from Amazon but since I can't separate what I've bought from what I've obtained through their free app of the day program, I won't list them.
Even the games that I've spent $4.99 for (Anomaly HD) are well worth the money, especially when compared with the massive disappointment that Mass Effect 3 was at $79.99. (Actually, to clarify, ME3 was a good game with a fucking incredibly horrible, pointless ending, and is the first ME game I have no desire to replay whatosever.)
Buy an HTC phone. They allow you to unlock them - officially - and install any ROM you want on them. In return you give up support. The same choice that was made previously, but you had to break the law to achieve.
I have an HTC Sensation 4G (T-Mobile) and I cannot stress how much I love this phone. It's already running ICS despite the T-Mobile official upgrade being available, and if I want a different feature set xda-developers has almost every choice I could want, including how to cook my own from the Android source.
Many people are unenthusiastic about their work.


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text: Big Nate Doodlepalooza by Lincoln Peirce buy used Used & Rare price $10.02 new from $10.91 shop with confidence SPECIAL SHIPPING CONSIDERATIONS FOR USED & RARE ITEMS. Please see the special considerations for shipping Used & Rare items, including extended delivery times, possible import duties & taxes. Delivered in 3-5 weeks Format: Hardcover Publisher: HarperCollins Condition: The following ISBNs are associated with this title: ISBN - 10: 0062111140 ISBN - 13: 9780062111142 Seller Comments: Connecting readers with great books since 1972. Customer service is our top priority! From the Publisher This book is a laugh-a-minute!For fans of the hilarious Diary of a Wimpy Kid series: Meet Big Nate, ultimate scribble master and definitely not the teacher''s pet.


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Sophomore setter Evan Sanders
Nov. 7, 2009
By Katy Johnstone
Athletic Media Relations
FORT COLLINS, Colo. – One match after Head Coach Tom Hilbert celebrated his 500th career victory, the Colorado State volleyball team added another milestone win to the books. The Rams on Saturday registered their 700th program win Saturday, over San Diego State at Moby Arena.
The Rams had their first program win in 1976, and haven't slowed since. This season alone Colorado State (20-4, 12-1 MWC) continued its home winning streak to 12, dispatching the Aztecs (11-13, 5-8 MWC).
The sweep marks the Rams' 28th series win and adds to their 28-14 all-time advantage against the Aztecs. However, this was a back-and-forth battle, and the tone was set in the first set with a point going to each team with each serve. But the Rams went on a 5-0 run late in the set to post a 22-17 lead over the Aztecs.
"San Diego State offered some interesting challenges, and I'm not sure we executed defensively how we wanted to against them, and their outside hitters had a lot better day than expected," said Hilbert. "This match toughened us up and I like that."
Much like the first set, the second set went back and forth with 13 tied scores and five lead changes. The second set marked a chance for the Aztecs to get back into the match. With hitting errors and serving errors the Rams never pulled away and kept SDSU in the match. However, sophomore setter Evan Sanders had six jump serves and redshirt sophomore Katelyn Steffan ended the match with a kill and gave the Rams a 2-0 lead.
"We had a lot of give-away points, especially in the second set, which is uncharacteristic of us. But we competed at the right times," said Hilbert. "I felt it was a good match for us, because we corrected things as we went and we got back into the sets."
Junior outside hitter Danielle Minch and redshirt freshman Megan Plourde each had 10 kills in the match and Plourde led the Rams with four blocks on the day.
"Megan had a great turn-around from Game 2, which she struggled in, and played outstanding in Game 3," said Hilbert.
In Set 3, Sanders set the pace and made good decisions, giving the Rams a lead early.
"Again we had some give-away points, in the third, and a few little things that allowed them to get back into the set," said Hilbert.
The Rams now prepare for two road matches out in Utah. CSU will visit Utah on Thursday for a televised match and then make a short trip to BYU on Saturday.
The Rams struggled last year out in Utah and hope to reverse their recent luck in the state.
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|By Marketwired .
Article Rating:
|June 3, 2014 01:30 PM EDT
PALO ALTO, CA -- (Marketwired) -- 06/03/14 -- Continuuity, creator of the industry's first Big Data Application Server for Apache Hadoop, and AT&T Labs today announced plans to release into open source a disruptive new technology that will provide an integrated, high-quality, and consistent streaming analytics capability. Initially code-named jetStream, it will be made available to the market via open source in the third quarter of 2014.
jetStream will offer a simple, efficient and cost-effective way for businesses, OEMs/ISVs, system integrators, service providers, and developers to create a diverse range of big data analytics and streaming applications that address a broad set of business use cases such as, network intrusion detection and analytics, real-time analysis for spam filtering, social media market analysis, location analytics, and real-time recommendation engines that match relevant content to the right users at the right time.
"Continuuity's mission is to help enterprises to make their businesses truly data-driven. Given the wealth of data being consumed and processed, the ability to make informed, real-time decisions with data is critical," said Jonathan Gray, Founder & CEO of Continuuity. "Our collaboration with AT&T to open source jetStream is consistent with our vision of becoming the de facto platform for easily building applications powered by data and operated at scale."
To create jetStream, Continuuity joined forces with AT&T Labs to integrate Continuuity BigFlow, a distributed framework for building durable high throughput data processing applications, with AT&T's streaming analytics tool -- an extremely fast, low-latency streaming analytics database originally built out of the necessity for managing its network at scale.
jetStream brings together the complementary functionality of BigFlow and AT&T's streaming analytics tool to create a unified real-time framework that supports in-memory stream processing and model-based event processing with direct integration for a variety of data systems including Apache HBase and HDFS. By combining AT&T low-latency and declarative language support with BigFlow durable, high throughput computing capabilities and procedural language support, jetStream provides developers with a disruptive new way to take in and store vast quantities of data, build massively scalable applications, and update applications in real-time as new data is ingested. Specifically, developers will be able to do the following:
- Direct integration of real-time data feeds and processing applications with Hadoop and HBase and utilization of YARN for deployment and resource management
- Framework-level correctness, fault tolerance guarantees, and application logic scalability that reduces friction, errors, and bugs during development
- A transaction engine that provides delivery, isolation and consistency guarantees that enable exactly-once processing semantics
- Scalability without increased operational cost of building and maintaining applications
"From financial services to global network management, there are industries with a need to conduct real-time business; this requires access to a real-time streaming analytics technology that also provides consistency, speed and scalability," said Christopher W. Rice, Vice President of Advanced Technologies at AT&T Labs. "We believe that making this technology available in the market will advance the industry, broaden the supplier base, and lower the cost of such technology. Putting this into open-source makes available the required tools for developing data-intensive, complex applications accessible to a broader base of developers across businesses and partners of all sizes."
For more information, please visit jetStream.io or www.research.att.com/projects.
About AT&T
AT&T Inc. (NYSE:T) is a premier communications holding company and one of the most honored companies in the world. Its subsidiaries and affiliates -- AT&T operating companies -- are the providers of AT&T services in the United States and internationally. With a powerful array of network resources that includes the nation's most reliable 4G LTE network, AT&T is a leading provider of wireless, Wi-Fi, high speed Internet, voice and cloud-based services. A leader in mobile Internet, AT&T also offers the best wireless coverage worldwide of any U.S. carrier, offering the most wireless phones that work in the most countries. It also offers advanced TV service with the AT&T U-verse® brand. The company's suite of IP-based business communications services is one of the most advanced in the world.
Additional information about AT&T Inc. and the products and services provided by AT&T subsidiaries and affiliates is available at http://about.att.com or follow our news on Twitter at @ATT, on Facebook at http://www.facebook.com/att and YouTube at http://www.youtube.com/att.
© 2014 AT&T Intellectual Property. All rights reserved. AT&T, the AT&T logo and all other marks contained herein are trademarks of AT&T Intellectual Property and/or AT&T affiliated companies. All other marks contained herein are the property of their respective owners.
Reliability claim based on data transfer completion rates on nationwide 4G LTE networks. 4G LTE availability varies.
About Continuuity
Continuuity makes it easy for any Java developer to build and manage data applications in the cloud or on-premise. Continuuity Reactor, its flagship product, is the industry's first Big Data Application Server for Apache Hadoop. Based in Palo Alto, Calif., the company is backed by leading investors including Battery Ventures, Andreessen Horowitz and Ignition Partners. Learn more at www.continuuity.com.
David Patterson
+1 415-754-9488
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SYS-CON Events announced today that Windstream, a leading provider of advanced network and cloud communications, has been named "Silver Sponsor" of SYS-CON's 16th International Cloud Expo®, which will take place on June 9–11, 2015, at the Javits Center in New York, NY. Windstream (Nasdaq: WIN), a FORTUNE 500 and S&P 500 company, is a leading provider of advanced network communications, including cloud computing and managed services, to businesses nationwide. The company also offers broadband, phone and digital TV services to consumers primarily in rural areas.
Nov. 23, 2014 07:30 PM EST Reads: 1,682
"There is a natural synchronization between the business models, the IoT is there to support ," explained Brendan O'Brien, Co-founder and Chief Architect of Aria Systems, in this SYS-CON.tv interview at the 15th International Cloud Expo®, held Nov 4–6, 2014, at the Santa Clara Convention Center in Santa Clara, CA.
Nov. 23, 2014 12:00 PM EST Reads: 1,615
The major cloud platforms defy a simple, side-by-side analysis. Each of the major IaaS public-cloud platforms offers their own unique strengths and functionality. Options for on-site private cloud are diverse as well, and must be designed and deployed while taking existing legacy architecture and infrastructure into account. Then the reality is that most enterprises are embarking on a hybrid cloud strategy and programs. In this Power Panel at 15th Cloud Expo (http://www.CloudComputingExpo.com), moderated by Ashar Baig, Research Director, Cloud, at Gigaom Research, Nate Gordon, Director of T...
Nov. 23, 2014 07:45 AM EST Reads: 1,466
The definition of IoT is not new, in fact it's been around for over a decade. What has changed is the public's awareness that the technology we use on a daily basis has caught up on the vision of an always on, always connected world. If you look into the details of what comprises the IoT, you'll see that it includes everything from cloud computing, Big Data analytics, "Things," Web communication, applications, network, storage, etc. It is essentially including everything connected online from hardware to software, or as we like to say, it's an Internet of many different things. The difference ...
Nov. 22, 2014 10:00 PM EST Reads: 1,372
Cloud Expo 2014 TV commercials will feature @ThingsExpo, which was launched in June, 2014 at New York City's Javits Center as the largest 'Internet of Things' event in the world.
Nov. 22, 2014 05:30 PM EST Reads: 1,446
An entirely new security model is needed for the Internet of Things, or is it? Can we save some old and tested controls for this new and different environment? In his session at @ThingsExpo, New York's at the Javits Center, Davi Ottenheimer, EMC Senior Director of Trust, reviewed hands-on lessons with IoT devices and reveal a new risk balance you might not expect. Davi Ottenheimer, EMC Senior Director of Trust, has more than nineteen years' experience managing global security operations and assessments, including a decade of leading incident response and digital forensics. He is co-author of t...
Nov. 22, 2014 05:30 PM EST Reads: 1,299
ARMONK, N.Y., Nov. 20, 2014 /PRNewswire/ -- IBM (NYSE: IBM) today announced that it is bringing a greater level of control, security and flexibility to cloud-based application development and delivery with a single-tenant version of Bluemix, IBM's platform-as-a-service. The new platform enables developers to build ap...
Nov. 22, 2014 05:30 PM EST Reads: 1,459
Explosive growth in connected devices. Enormous amounts of data for collection and analysis. Critical use of data for split-second decision making and actionable information. All three are factors in making the Internet of Things a reality. Yet, any one factor would have an IT organization pondering its infrastructure strategy. How should your organization enhance its IT framework to enable an Internet of Things implementation? In his session at Internet of @ThingsExpo, James Kirkland, Chief Architect for the Internet of Things and Intelligent Systems at Red Hat, described how to revolutioniz...
Nov. 21, 2014 09:15 PM EST Reads: 1,371
The security devil is always in the details of the attack: the ones you've endured, the ones you prepare yourself to fend off, and the ones that, you fear, will catch you completely unaware and defenseless. The Internet of Things (IoT) is nothing if not an endless proliferation of details. It's the vision of a world in which continuous Internet connectivity and addressability is embedded into a growing range of human artifacts, into the natural world, and even into our smartphones, appliances, and physical persons. In the IoT vision, every new "thing" - sensor, actuator, data source, data con...
Nov. 21, 2014 08:00 PM EST Reads: 1,383
Technology is enabling a new approach to collecting and using data. This approach, commonly referred to as the "Internet of Things" (IoT), enables businesses to use real-time data from all sorts of things including machines, devices and sensors to make better decisions, improve customer service, and lower the risk in the creation of new revenue opportunities. In his General Session at Internet of @ThingsExpo, Dave Wagstaff, Vice President and Chief Architect at BSQUARE Corporation, discuss the real benefits to focus on, how to understand the requirements of a successful solution, the flow of ...
Nov. 21, 2014 08:00 PM EST Reads: 1,436
"BSQUARE is in the business of selling software solutions for smart connected devices. It's obvious that IoT has moved from being a technology to being a fundamental part of business, and in the last 18 months people have said let's figure out how to do it and let's put some focus on it, " explained Dave Wagstaff, VP & Chief Architect, at BSQUARE Corporation, in this SYS-CON.tv interview at @ThingsExpo, held Nov 4-6, 2014, at the Santa Clara Convention Center in Santa Clara, CA.
Nov. 21, 2014 07:00 PM EST Reads: 1,290
Focused on this fast-growing market's needs, Vitesse Semiconductor Corporation (Nasdaq: VTSS), a leading provider of IC solutions to advance "Ethernet Everywhere" in Carrier, Enterprise and Internet of Things (IoT) networks, introduced its IStaX™ software (VSC6815SDK), a robust protocol stack to simplify deployment and management of Industrial-IoT network applications such as Industrial Ethernet switching, surveillance, video distribution, LCD signage, intelligent sensors, and metering equipment. Leveraging technologies proven in the Carrier and Enterprise markets, IStaX is designed to work ac...
Nov. 20, 2014 09:15 PM EST Reads: 1,376
C-Labs LLC, a leading provider of remote and mobile access for the Internet of Things (IoT), announced the appointment of John Traynor to the position of chief operating officer. Previously a strategic advisor to the firm, Mr. Traynor will now oversee sales, marketing, finance, and operations. Mr. Traynor is based out of the C-Labs office in Redmond, Washington. He reports to Chris Muench, Chief Executive Officer. Mr. Traynor brings valuable business leadership and technology industry expertise to C-Labs. With over 30 years' experience in the high-tech sector, John Traynor has held numerous...
Nov. 20, 2014 06:00 PM EST Reads: 1,338
Bit6 today issued a challenge to the technology community implementing Web Real Time Communication (WebRTC). To leap beyond WebRTC's significant limitations and fully leverage its underlying value to accelerate innovation, application developers need to consider the entire communications ecosystem.
Nov. 20, 2014 04:45 PM EST Reads: 1,132
The 3rd International @ThingsExpo, co-located with the 16th International Cloud Expo - to be held June 9-11, 2015, at the Javits Center in New York City, NY - announces that it is now accepting Keynote Proposals. The Internet of Things (IoT) is the most profound change in personal and enterprise IT since the creation of the Worldwide Web more than 20 years ago. All major researchers estimate there will be tens of billions devices - computers, smartphones, tablets, and sensors - connected to the Internet by 2020. This number will continue to grow at a rapid pace for the next several decades.
Nov. 20, 2014 01:00 PM EST Reads: 1,583
The Internet of Things is not new. Historically, smart businesses have used its basic concept of leveraging data to drive better decision making and have capitalized on those insights to realize additional revenue opportunities. So, what has changed to make the Internet of Things one of the hottest topics in tech? In his session at @ThingsExpo, Chris Gray, Director, Embedded and Internet of Things, discussed the underlying factors that are driving the economics of intelligent systems. Discover how hardware commoditization, the ubiquitous nature of connectivity, and the emergence of Big Data a...
Nov. 20, 2014 12:30 PM EST Reads: 1,792
Almost everyone sees the potential of Internet of Things but how can businesses truly unlock that potential. The key will be in the ability to discover business insight in the midst of an ocean of Big Data generated from billions of embedded devices via Systems of Discover. Businesses will also need to ensure that they can sustain that insight by leveraging the cloud for global reach, scale and elasticity.
Nov. 18, 2014 09:00 PM EST Reads: 2,017
SYS-CON Events announced today that IDenticard will exhibit at SYS-CON's 16th International Cloud Expo®, which will take place on June 9-11, 2015, at the Javits Center in New York City, NY. IDenticard™ is the security division of Brady Corp (NYSE: BRC), a $1.5 billion manufacturer of identification products. We have small-company values with the strength and stability of a major corporation. IDenticard offers local sales, support and service to our customers across the United States and Canada. Our partner network encompasses some 300 of the world's leading systems integrators and security s...
Nov. 18, 2014 08:15 PM EST Reads: 1,571
IoT is still a vague buzzword for many people. In his session at @ThingsExpo, Mike Kavis, Vice President & Principal Cloud Architect at Cloud Technology Partners, discussed the business value of IoT that goes far beyond the general public's perception that IoT is all about wearables and home consumer services. He also discussed how IoT is perceived by investors and how venture capitalist access this space. Other topics discussed were barriers to success, what is new, what is old, and what the future may hold. Mike Kavis is Vice President & Principal Cloud Architect at Cloud Technology Pa...
Nov. 18, 2014 01:30 PM EST Reads: 2,012
Cloud Expo 2014 TV commercials will feature @ThingsExpo, which was launched in June, 2014 at New York City's Javits Center as the largest 'Internet of Things' event in the world. The next @ThingsExpo will take place November 4-6, 2014, at the Santa Clara Convention Center, in Santa Clara, California. Since its launch in 2008, Cloud Expo TV commercials have been aired and CNBC, Fox News Network, and Bloomberg TV. Please enjoy our 2014 commercial.
Nov. 13, 2014 05:00 AM EST Reads: 3,543


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Award puts a boost into juice businessTags: News A DANDENONG business owner has picked up a national award for his dedication. Former banker Ravi Chaudhary bought his first Boost Juice store at Waverley Gardens Shopping Centre in 2008. Last month he beat 220 franchise partners to ... Greater Dandenong Weekly, 1 month ago
5 images for ravi chaudhary
Trial courting
Ravi Chaudhary, 29, cannot do without his GPS navigator because of the nature of his job. The Delhi-based marketing consultant had long been using MapmyIndia's navigation application and was satisfied with its performance. When MapmyIndia launched ...The Week, 3 weeks ago
Peripapillary Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Assessment of Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography and Scanning Laser Polarimetry to Diagnose Preperimetric Glaucoma
by Harsha L. Rao, Ravi K. Yadav, Uday K. Addepalli, Shashikant Chaudhary, Sirisha Senthil, Nikhil S. Choudhari, Chandra S. Garudadri Purpose To compare the abilities of peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) parameters of spectral domain ...Plosone.org, 1 month ago
Impressive starts for Kirtesh, Vaibhav, Arav
NAGPUR: Kirtesh Chaudhari, Vaibhav Mithe, Arav Fernandez and Dev Rajesh started their campaign on an impressive note on the inaugural day of the Tulsiramji Gaikwad-Patil Memorial District Open Sub-Junior Badminton Tournament, organized by the Sports ...Times of India, 2 weeks ago
Bhopal: Cong appoints 3 more state-level spokesmen
The Congress on Monday appointed party leaders Ravi Saxena, Pankaj Chaturvedi and Narendra Saluja as its state-level spokespersons. With this, the total number of spokespersons of the Congress has increased to six, including chief spokesman KK ...Hindustan Times, 3 weeks ago
All dressed up, waiting to exhale...
Independents' group led by Badnera MLA Ravi Rana demands one cabinet minister's post, two ministers of state, and four state-run corporations. Just when the Bharatiya Janata Party was congratulating itself for using independents to soften up the ...Mumbai Mirror, 1 month ago CABINET REJIG READY TO ROLL 4 Traders, 2 weeks ago Will PM thrive by Pareto Principle mode to ministry making? Moneycontrol.com, 2 weeks ago Suresh Prabhu replaces Sadananda Gowda as Indian railway minister Khaleej Times, 2 weeks ago
Focus is on Ravi Shastri and AGM
Ravi Shastri The all-powerful working committee meeting of the BCCI will take place here on Friday to discuss about deferring the AGM and a longer tenure for team director Ravi Shastri, who in all likelihood would be requested to guide India till ...Asian Age, 2 months ago BCCI WC meeting to decide on Ravi Shastri's contract ThatsCricket, 2 months ago Ravi Shastri contract to be focal point of BCCI meeting Cricbuzz.com, 2 months ago Working committee set to discuss AGM, Ravi Shastri's contract Mid Day, 2 months ago
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VIVEK CHAUDHARY London, 9 October English cricket enjoyed some reprieve from the storm of the Kevin Pietersen affair and celebrated something positive this week when the inaugural Asian Cricket Awards took place at Lord's. After the ...The Statesman, 1 month ago
Good, bad & Sarita
| Amit Chaudhary India dropped two places in the 17th Asian Games medals tally in comparison to the last edition of the Asian Games in Guangzhou where it had finished sixth with 65 medals against 57 this year. While India lost ground in some ...New Delhi Pioneer, 1 month ago Indian medallists at Incheon Asian Games NewKerala.com, 2 months ago Forbes India Celebrity 100 Nominees List for 2014 Forbes India, 2 days ago Rohit's record 264 leads Sri Lanka thrashing The Nation Pakistan, 2 weeks ago
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The eight-member mission includes Telecom Minister Ravi Shankar Prasad, Rural Development Minister Chaudhary Birender Singh and Reserve Bank of India Governor Raghuram Rajan, sources said. Other top officials in the mission include Financial Services ...Jagran Post, 1 week ago Eight member mission set up to oversee implementation of PMJDY EGov Online, 1 week ago Govt sets up mission to oversee implementation of Jan Dhan Business Standard India, 1 week ago Implementation of Jan Dhan: Govt sets up mission under Arun Jaitley Millennium Post, 1 week ago
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Metallica That is a fan friendly price!
by Jolene
posted Oct 24 2012 6:26PM
Metallica, fan friendly price!
METALLICA: DVD-tails
have released the title and track listing for their live DVD and Blu-ray, the first release on the group's still-unnamed label.
Quebec Magnetic
, which comes out December 10th, was shot in Quebec City during 2009's
World Magnetic
tour. Online fan voting determined that the second of the two Quebec City shows is the main feature, but all 26 different songs they played over both nights are included.
Metallica say that since they're now calling the shots, they've been able to keep the list price down to a "fan-friendly" $15.98 for either format.
World Magnetic
track listing:
· That Was Just Your Life
· The End of the Line
· The Four Horsemen
· The Shortest Straw
· One
· Broken, Beat and Scarred
· My Apocalypse
· Sad but True
· Welcome Home (Sanitarium)
· The Judas Kiss
· The Day That Never Comes
· Master of Puppets
· Battery
· Nothing Else Matters
· Enter Sandman
· Killing Time
· Whiplash
· Seek and Destroy
Bonus Songs
· For Whom the Bell Tolls
· Holier Than Thou
· Cyanide
· Turn the Page
· All Nightmare Long
· Damage, Inc.
· Breadfan
· Phantom Lord
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The media fails to present the full story from the Mideast.
Guardian's Hamas Propaganda
In the aftermath of the Mecca Agreement between Hamas and Fatah, designed to end Palestinian infighting, Palestinian representatives have appealed for recognition of a new unity government and the lifting of international sanctions. The Guardian was only too pleased to give Damascus-based Hamas supreme leader Khalid Mish'al op-ed space. Predictably, Mish'al blames Israel and the West for the violence that…
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The world can no longer ignore the threat posed by Iran.
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Has Hamas moderated its views or has the media jumped to conclusions?
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The media employs seasonal religious symbolism to attack Israel.
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The International Herald Tribune publishes Patrick Seale's one-sided diatribe against Israel.
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A Reuters cameraman takes part in rock-throwing attacks against Israeli security forces.
No Excuses for Terror
It's not often that HonestReporting UK is able to strongly commend and recommend a documentary broadcast by the mainstream media. However, respected commentator and journalist David Aaronovitch's "No Excuses For Terror", produced for Channel Five's "Don't Get Me Started" series, is a must-see. According to Channel Five's summary: Who is really responsible for the suicide bombers that…


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Dhaka court upholds government decision to oust Nobel laureate and founder of first microfinance bank on grounds of age
Bangladeshi Nobel laureate challenge government order dismissing him as head of microfinance bank he founded
Chairman claims 70-year-old microfinance pioneer has stepped down on age grounds – but spokesman denies it
Bangladeshi pioneer of lending to the poor through microcredit faced a motion to remove him on the grounds of age
Pressure on Nobel prizewinner to quit bank board but supporters say campaign is politically motivated by Bangladesh government
Annie Kelly: Low-cost insurance that covers the lives, health and property of the poor could provide protection against natural disasters
Madeleine Bunting: A new film about the Grameen bank will fuel the current crisis of faith in microfinance. But it would be a disaster if the backlash swept away all microfinance projects
Small loan schemes devastate the lives of millions of poor people and reveal the dark side of India's economic boom
Faisel Rahman: Hard to credit Third sector lenders must tread carefully on the path to commercial fundingIndia's problems with helping financially excluded people have important lessons for the UK, says Faisel Rahman
In the face of cuts at home Scottish universities are opening campuses in Bangladesh, Dubai and Hong Kong
Germaine Greer:Half the Sky has been described as 'a brutal awakening' and is a bestseller in the US. But can its accounts of violence and injustice to women in the developing world really come as such a surprise?
Sarika Bansal: Micro-moneylenders who profit from borrowers in southern India are undermining the principles of microfinance
When Faisel Rahman saw a microfinance scheme thrive in Bangladesh, he wondered if it could work in Hackney, London? Yes, it could... Tim Adams reports
Professor Muhammad Yunus, the microcredit pioneer, addresses a British Council meeting on how microloans allow poverty-stricken communities to help themselves out of debt
Muhammad Yunus is an unusual banker: famous but not rich. His celebrity derives from his clients, Bangladesh's poor. By Lending tiny amounts of money to the neediest people on the planet Professor Yunus gave birth to a global banking phenomena: micro-credit.
Cameron Duodu: Microcredit could be a real boost to the entire developing world, as long as it stays true to its founding principles.
Small loans can empower women, argues Salil Tripathi - but don't expect them to help the very poorest, no matter what the Nobel judges say.
Your article on Muhammad Yunus describes him as a "pioneer" of the idea of microcredit (Banker to the world's poor wins Nobel peace prize, October 14). In fact, microcredit programmes have been successfully implemented in the developing world for many decades
Daniel Davies: Microcredit is a good thing, but it is nowhere near a panacea for global poverty.
· Bangladeshi microcredit pioneer has lent $5.7bn
· Women 'empowered' by access to small loans
Businesses in tiny Kenyan villages will be able to settle their bills by text message under a Vodafone project backed with £1m from the Department for International Development.
Microcredit is enabling women to escape poverty and start their own business, says Julie Pybus.


text:
Notable Stories
Funeral Home Directory
Heather Elaine Lidster Sherwin April 20, 1972-January 30, 2007, Wife, Daughter, Sister, Dancer, Musician, Artist, Healer, Teacher, Organic Girl, Spiritual Guru, Horticulturalist and Friend. Heather loved life with a profound passion rarely encountered and she significantly touched the lives of many friends and family with her warmth, kindness and endlessly positive outlook. Heather's life will be celebrated with a dance party in the Seattle, WA area on Saturday April 21st. There will also be other celebrations of Heather's life in Terre Haute, IN. The first will take place in the Maryland Community Church Atrium on Saturday February 10th from 1 to 4 p.m. Warm remembrances are encouraged to be shared after 1:30 p.m. Another memorial (which Heather's entire immediate family hopes to attend together) is planned for Saturday February 17th at White Chapel on the Rose-Hulman Campus from 11 a.m. to 1 p.m. Once again, warm remembrances are encouraged to be shared after 11:30 a.m. All friends and family are very welcome to attend these services and are also encouraged to stop by her parents' home (2245 North Ninth Street) from 2 to 6 on the 17th to share in a continued celebration of Heather's life. Heather ended her battle with cancer Tuesday night (Jan, 30th) at 11:10 p.m., in her warm bed at home in Issaquah, WA after a great day of visits from close friends, in a house filled with love and surrounded by her family: Heather's husband, John Sherwin (Issaquah, WA); her parents, Barbara and Richard Lidster (Terre Haute, IN); her sisters, Rachel (Lidster) Walton (Belgrade, MT) and Lori (Hanna) Spencer (Heather's life-long best friend of Tipp City, OH), and her brothers, Morgan (Terre Haute, IN) and Reuben Lidster (Bloomington, IN). Heather's memory is also remembered and celebrated by her sister and brother-in-law, Vicki and Jeff Nelson; Vicki and Jeff's sons, Adam and Michael (all of Tempe, AZ); her brother-in-law, Ben Walton (Belgrade, MT); her parent-in-laws, Dona and Bill Sherwin (Denton, TX); sister-in-laws, Cindy Sherwin (Dallas, TX) and Melanie Brown (Tioga, TX); brother-in-law, Martin Brown (Tioga, TX); Melanie and Martin's children, Elizabeth (College Station, TX), Michael and Andrew, as well as by all of her Lidster, Sherwin, House, Roehm and Morgan relatives and Heather's many friends. Heather has moved on to be with her relatives who preceded her: Her grandparents, Vi (House) Morgan and John Morgan, Lucy (Roehm) Lidster and Gene Lidster, and (grandmagreat aunt) Helen Roehm (all of Terre Haute, IN); her godparents, Sally and Bill Kelly (Del Rio, TX); her uncle, Freddie Lidster and her brother, Gavin Lidster (both of Terre Haute). In lieu of flowers, the family asks for the purchase of nonprofit "Colondar" calendars. These calendars highlight the lives of young people who are living with colon cancer to raise awareness for early detection and cancer prevention for all ages. Heather appears in the 2007 Colondar as both a cover girl, as well as the stunningly beautiful Mrs. September. The 2007 Colondar can be purchased at the following website: http:
colondar.html. Yet, as an ardent environmentalist, another option Heather will appreciate, is a memorial donation to the National Resources Defense Council (NRDC) which can be made at the following website: https:
08 nrdc_inhonor. All of your contributions are greatly appreciated.
Published in the The Indianapolis Star on Feb. 7, 2007
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am saving up for a new one it is the only car that i would buy new as it has been the most reliable and economical car i have owned
It may be Australia's most affordable sedan but the scrimping and saving is obvious.
Lotus-inspired engineering and a groovy exterior do little to gloss over the Savvy's cheap interior and uninspired engine, writes David Morley
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This sporty Malaysian costs less today than when it was introduced, writes DAVID MORLEY.
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Dawn Richard - Gleaux
Artist: Dawn Richard
Producer: Deonte + Druski
Album: Goldenheart
Avg Rating: 2.7 ( 3 votes )
Everything sounds fancier in French—even if it's fake French. For example, why just glow when you can Gleaux, like Dawn Richard does on her latest feature? A standout off the Danity Kane and Dirty Money alum's latest independent full-length, the record is an intriguing departure from her past solo work. Deonte and Druski's electronic beat undergoes several shifts in key and time signature throughout the record's running time, subtly shifting beneath a vocal melody that's more about atmosphere than hooks. I would ask y'all if her experimental approach pays off, but GoldenHeart's current #1 position on iTunes speaks for itself. Click here to cop the project and learn what all the hype is about.
Written by richard on 01/16/13
Submit your Rating
Our Dawn Ent./Altavoz
First DJ Booth Appearance:
"Phase ft. Lil Wayne" (2007)
Total DJ Booth Features:
6 Songs
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232 Tasting Notes
It was on sale and I fell for the yummy-sounding description. And then I found out that it tastes like orange Airbourne.
And by the way, the smell is REALLY deceiving. Its smells sooo good, exactly like an orange Starburst.
Trying this for the first time today, and I don't know how they did it, but I have to say it does have the taste of a sugar cookie! I'll have to add more sugar next time to get a better "sugar cookie" feeling. And maybe some milk. And maybe another time double bagged. Oh boy :P
As for cutting down on dessert cravings, that's really up to the individual. But I really want a cookie now _


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Obamacare and how it affects your health insurance
A look at your coverage options and how you can choose wisely
For whom the (Bronze) bell tolls
November 21, 2014 – Does it in fact make sense for anyone to buy a Bronze plan? A plan with a $5,000 or $6,000 deductible may save a person with at least… Read more
CO-OP health plans: patients'…
November 20, 2014 – Consumer Operated and Oriented Plans (CO-OPs) will be run by their customers and are designed to offer consumer-friendly, affordable health… Read more
2015 Obamacare subsidy calculator
November 14, 2014 – An impressive 85 percent of Americans shopping in the exchanges will receive subsidies. If you're worried about the cost of premiums, use… Read more
Will you owe a penalty under…
November 14, 2014 – If, for whatever reason, you decide not to purchase coverage in 2014, you can use the calculator on this page to determine the size of the… Read more
What you don't know can't help you…
October 29, 2014 – Open enrollment starts on November 15, but 89 percent of uninsured Americans don't know that. Two-thirds of the uninsured population… Read more


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Here's a quick primer for independent filmmakers on how to navigate the international markets.Read More »
This month I speak to Sydney Levine, president of SydneysBuzz -- whose tagline for her company -- "Pulling Back the Curtain on the International Film Industry" -- precisely does just that. Levine focuses on international film industry developments and analysis of the international film market relate...Read More »
Film Independent's Documentary Lab is now accepting submissions to its seven-week program running in Los Angeles in March and April. Documentary directors currently in post-production on their feature length films are encouraged to apply.Read More »
Clothes make the director. That's the lesson filmmaker Ava DuVernay imparted in a keynote speech at Los Angeles' Film Independent Forum on Sunday. The 2012 winner of the Sundance Film Festival's Best Director prize described her "director's uniform," a kind of work armor that's more about self-prote...Read More »
This weekend in Los Angeles at the Film Independent Forum, Ava DuVernay, the Sundance award-winning director of "Middle of Nowhere" and the upcoming MLK biopic "Selma," was one of the event's keynotes. While she warned that her speech would not be as newsworthy as that of Netflix chief Ted Sarandos...Read More »
Netflix's Chief Content Officer Ted Sarandos gave an attention-grabbing keynote address at the 2013 Film Independent Forum this weekend in which he spoke about changing business models in the film industry.Read More »
Netflix chief content officer Ted Sarandos delivered the Executive Keynote address at the 9th annual Film Independent Forum Saturday at the Director Guild Theatre. In the video below, he does not hesitate to target the major studios and theater chains for not seeing things the way he thinks they sho...Read More »
Camera's d'Afrique has brought some of the best films from West Africa to audiences in Los Angeles.The series curator, Elvis Mitchell, a respected film critic and radio host of KCRW's The Treatment, selected films from the region that best exemplify the continent's ancient storytelling traditions an...Read More »
The non-profit arts organization that produces the Film Independent Spirit Awards and Los Angeles Film Festival, otherwise known as Film Independent, announced today the addition of over 20 new panelists. These panelists include our own Editor-in-Chief Dana Harris, Ryan Coogler (writer/director, "Fr...Read More »
Rarely do American audiences get to experience the cinematic diversity from the African continent; however, this October thanks to Film Independent and the Loyola Marymount University School of Film and Television, audiences in Los Angeles will be able to be part of a month-long series showcasing th...Read More »


text:
Abstract available in
Claims available in
Description (OCR text may contain errors)
J. KURILLA 3,560,141 ALDEHYDE, ALUM AND DIHYDROXYBENZOIC ACID TANNED Feb. 2, 1971 COLLAGEN ARTICLES PRODUCTION Original Filed Nov. 14, 1966 TlcqJ.
2 Sheets-Sheet l A 7 TOR/v.6 r
1971 J. KURIIILA 3,560,141 ALDEHYDE, ALUM AND DIHYDROXYBENZOIC ACID TANNED COLLAGEN ARTICLES PRODUCTION Original Filed Nov. 14, 1966 I 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR. c/omv A'z nP/A L A Kw J.
United States Patent Office 3,560,141 Patented Feb. 2, 1971 3,560,141 ALDEHYDE, ALUM AND DIHYDROXYBEN- ZOIC ACID TANNED COLLAGEN ARTICLES PRODUCTION John Kurilla, Plainfield, N.J., assignors to Ethicon, Inc., a corporation of New Jersey Continuation of application Ser. No. 594,076, Nov. 14, 1966, which is a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 284,049, May 29, 1963. This application Aug. 2, 1968, Ser. No. 758,644
Int. Cl. A61l17/00 US. Cl. 8127.6 12 Claims ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE The invention involves tanning a collagen tape made of filament spun from hides disintegrated by swelling by tanning the tape with an aldehyde, a resorcyclic acid, and an aluminum salt. Formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, glyoxal, succinaldehyde and malonic aldehyde are enumerated as the aldehyde while alum, basic aluminum acetate, and alumino formo-acetate are the aluminum salts used. In one example, the tape is tanned in a solution of l to 2% resorcyclic acid, .05% EDTA, and 1% NaHSO or formaldehyde sulfoxylate. The tape is dried, and then retanned in a bath of .5 to 2.5% alumino formo-acetate and .05 to 4% formaldehyde at pH 2 to 4.7. The tape is dried and false twisted.
This application is a continuation of application Ser. No. 594,076, filed Nov. 14, 1966 and now abandoned, which in turn is a continuation-in-part of my copending application Ser. No. 284,049, filed May 29, 1963 and is directed to the treatment of collagen and the product so obtained. The present invention relates to a method of chemically treating substantially pure collagen filaments and strands for surgical uses, such as, suturing and ligatmg.
In the surgical suture field, catgut which is obtained from sheep and beef intestines has been made available in two general forms: plain and chromic. Plain sutures are light in color, essentially chemically untreated, and are absorbed more rapidly than are chromic sutures. The latter have greater absorption time characteristics, since chromium is used expressly to extend absorption time. It is well known, however, that catgut sutures which have been implanted in the human body are slowly attacked by proteolytic enzymes with a resulting decrease in tensile strength and ultimate absorption.
A particular problem exists, however, in the case of extruded collagen strands. The latter have recently been developed, as described in such U.S. Pats. as 2,919,999 and 2,920,000, and are well adapted for treatment to form surgical sutures. In particular, it has been noted that collagen strands obtained by extruding a dispersion of collagen fibrils into a coagulating bath are characterized by a rapid in vivo digestion. Thus, a collagen suture prepared under conditions that involve swelling collagen fibrils in acid solution, extruding the swollen collagen fibrils to form a filament, and subsequently dehydrating the swollen collagen fibrils is more rapidly attacked by proteolytic enzymes than sutures prepared from sheep intestines.
As explained in US. Pats. Nos. 3,166,073 and 3,166,- 074, extruded collagen strands have been tanned to provide chromic sutures. This invention is concerned with treating of extruded collagen sutures such that they have the appearance (e.g., color) and absorption characteristics corresponding to plain catgut sutures. Thus, extruded collagen has now been used effectively as the basis for plain and chromic surgical sutures.
It is an object of the present invention, therefore, to chemically modify collagen and thereby increase its resistance to enzymatic degradation.
It is another object of the invention to provide a chemically treated collagen suture having a suitable wet tensile strength.
Still another object of the invention is to produce anextruded chemically treated absorbable collagen suture that will retain sufiicient tensile strength under the conditions of use to accomplish its purpose and be absorbed in the body after the wound has healed when the suture is no longer necessary.
Another related object is to provide an extruded chemically treated absorbable collagen suture adapted for use with relatively fast healing wounds.
A further object is to provide chemically treated collagen suture of light color.
()ther objects will be apparent from the following descrlption.
The foregoing objects are realized by a method of treating a bonded collagen multifilament with a solution containing at least one member of each of the following components (a), (b), and (c):
(a) an aldehyde,
(b) an aluminum salt, and
(c) a dihydroxybenzoic acid, namely, 1 carboxy-2,4-
dihydroxybenzene, also known as beta-resorcyclic acid (IJOOH Alternatively, a multifilament can be treated initially with a solution containing components (a) and (b), and then with component (0). Another alternative involves treatment with a solution containing components (b) and (c), thence with a second solution containing component (a).
A solution of the dihydroxybenzoic acid, (c) above, if used alone, provides a collagen strand which has inadequate initial wet strength and which has an excessively rapid rate of in vivo tensile strength loss. However, when this treatment is followed byia second solution containing formaldehyde, the said rate is decreased. It is known that formaldehyde alone will increase the initial wet strength of collagen, but if formaldehyde alone is used in the amount required for adequate in vivo properties, the strand is embrittled and the knot strength is lowered. By treating the strand consecutively with the dihydroxybenzoic acid and a formaldehyde solution, the rate of tensile strength loss may be greatly improved without embrittling the strand. The use of a combination of the dihydroxybenzoic acid solution and formaldehyde solution, however, will not afford a suture having requisite initial wet strength nor a satisfactory rate of in vivo tensile strength loss.
The purpose of the aluminum salt in the tanning bath is to increase the initial wet tensile strength of the final strand. Aluminum alone has only a minor effect on the rate of tensile strength loss of the collagen at the concentration employed in the present invention.
Component (a), as indicated above, in an aldehyde. Monoand di-aldehydes can be used herein. Typical of such components are formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and other essentially water-soluble, homologous aldehydes, glyoxal, succindialdehyde, malonic dialdehyde, etc. How
ever, in forming essentially colorless sutures a monoalde hyde is preferred. Particularly preferred is formaldehyde.
An aluminum salt is used in preparing the sutures contemplated herein. Typical of such salts are (alum), basic aluminum acetate and alumino formo acetate (Al(OH) (HCOO) (CHgCOO). The latter is preferred.
The invention will appear more clearly from the following detailed description when taken in connection with the accompanying drawings, which show by way of ex ample, preferred embodiments of the inventive idea. Referring now to the drawings,
FIG. 1 illustrates a machine designed to continuously tan a bonded collagen multifilament; and
FIG. 2 illustrates a two-bath, horizontal system for processing a collagen tape in accordance with the present invention.
The starting material for the process of the present invention may be a bonded collagen multifilament or a collagen tape or ribbon. The bonded collagen multifilament is ribbon-like in form and is made up of from about 20 to about 500 individual collagen monofilaments. It may be prepared by extruding a dispersion of substantially pure swollen tendon collagen fibrils through a multiorifice spinnerette into an alkaline acetone dehydrating bath. The multifilaments, as they emerge from the spin bath, are very loosely united and are approximately circular in cross-section; however, the filaments are drawn from the spin bath by a rotating godet, and the tension on the still wet filaments as they pass over the godet surface bonds the individual filaments together to form a ribbon-like strand. When the bonded multifilament is dried, the ribbon-like shape is retained. It will be understood from the foregoing that the individual filaments are bonded together by cohesive forces to form the collagen tape, as described in US. Pat. No. 3,114,372.
A collagen tape may also be prepared by extruding collagen fibrils onto a moving belt to form a collagen film and by repeating this process to build up a laminated film about 1 to 4 mils in thickness which may be slit to form the collagen tape.
The mechanical handling of the collagen tape as it passes through the different tanning solutions and is dried and rounded to form a strand of circular cross-section is illustrated by FIGS. 1 and 2. The apparatus to be described is designed for the continuous treatment of collagen tape containing about 195 filaments and shaping the tanned multifilament to form a rounded strand about 14.5 mils in diameter, but it will be understood that strands of smaller or larger diameter may be produced by varying the size of the collagen tape or the number of individual filaments in the collagen tape and such modifications are well within the scope of this invention.
It will be noted from FIG. 1 that the collagen tape 11 is transferred from the supply reel 12 to the takeup spool 13 by the driven godets 21, 22, and 23. The tape is stretched between godet 21 and godet 22, and is stretched again between godets 22 and 23. Directly below each godet are auxiliary nylon rollers 31, 32, and 33. The rollers 31 and 32 are surrounded by trays 1 4 and 15 which may be filled with liquids 41 and 42 that are to be applied to the moving collagen strand. Other means of treating the moving collagen strand with liquids are provided by the jets 20, 24, and 25.
The tubes 16, 17, and 18 are heated and function to dry and warm the moving strand. The desired circular cross-section of the final product can be accomplished by means of a false twister 19 which operates to round and dry the strand as it moves through the drying tubes 17 and 18.
The three godets 21, 22, and 23 may be made of nylon and are driven by a Reeves variable speed gear reduction motor. Directly below godet 21 is an auxiliary nylon roller 31. The separation of the collagen tape on godet 4 21 is controlled by moving the axis of the auxiliary roller 31 with respect to the axis of the godet.
The godet 21 is driven at a speed of about 10 rpm. At 10 rpm, the linear rate of tanning is about 30 inches per minute. The collagen tape from a tensioning device 35 passes three times around godet 21, the three loops providing sufficient time in the bath 41 to wet out the collagen tape well with the tanning solution.
'Godet 22 is driven at 11 rpm. and, therefore, produces a 10 percent stretch in the tape between godet 21 and godet 22. The amount of stretch in this stage may be increased or decreased by varying the relationship between the speeds of godet 21 and godet 22. It will be noted that the strand is wrapped around godet 22 three times. The stretching between godet 21 and godet 22 provides orientation of the drying collagen tape and improves the tensile strength.
If conditions are controlled so that the godet 21 is operated at 10 r.p.tm., godet 22 is operated at 11 r.p.m., and godet 23' is operated at 12 r.p.m. One would obtain, in addition to the 10 percent stretch between godets 21 and 22, another 10 percent stretch between godets 22 and 23. The over-all stretch may be varied from about 10 percent to 20 percent; and, at the present time, the upper limit of stretch appears to be about 20 percent.
The moving collagen tape may be continuously treated at godet 21 and godet 22. The solution 41 in the tray 14 is an aqueous solution of 2,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid present at a concentration of 0.2 percent to 2.0 percent. In addition to the said acid, the solution 41 can contain a small amount (about 0.05 percent) of a chelating agent, e.g., the disodium salt of ethylene diamine tetracetic acid, to associate with any metal contaminants. A reducing agent, such as, sodium hydrosulfite or formaldehyde sodium sulfoxylate (marketed as Forlmopon), about 0.1 percent, can be used in the bath to deter oxidation.
The collagen tape passes from the tanning bath 41 around the idler pulley 30 and then through the drying tube 16. This drying tube has a cross-sectional area of about 2 to 3 square inches and is about 16 inches in length. Air, heated to about 150 F., is circulated through the tube 16 at the rate of about 600 cubic feet per minute.
The dried collagen tape from the tube 16 passes over an idler pulley 29, is wrapped three times around godet 22, and is wet out in the second tanning bath 42. The bath 42 contains an aqueous solution of an aluminum salt and an aldehyde, such as, formaldehyde. The concentration of aluminum, as aluminum formo acetate, is about 0.5 to 2.5 percent; the concentration of formaldehyde is about 0.05 percent to about 0.4 percent; and the pH of the bath is about 2 to 4.7 percent (unbuifered). If the amount of aldehyde is greater than about 0.4 percent, the tensile strength of the strand drops and if the amount of aldehyde is less than about 0.05 percent, the in vivo absorption of the strand will be rapid. In passing through this bath, the collagen tape absorbs about 0.6 percent by weight of aluminum, as aluminum oxide. It has been noted that the optimum wet tensile strength and dry knot strength of the finished strand is obtained when the amount of aluminum oxide in the strand is about 0.6 percent by weight. Collagen strands (size 2/0) containing less than 0.2 percent Al O have a low wet knot strength, and strands containing more than about 1 percent A1 0 have low dry knot strength.
The collagen tape passes from the bath 42 around the idler pulley 34 and through the drying tubes 17 and 18. These tubes have a cross-sectional area similar to that of the tube 16, but are longer, each tube being about 3 feet in length. As will be noted from FIG. 1, the tubes 17 and 18 are separated by about 6 inches. Air, heated to about to F. is circulated through the tube 17 at about 300 cubic feet per minute, and air-heated to about F. .is circulated through the tube 18 at about 450600 cubic feet per minute.
The collagen tape from the bath 42 is rounded and shaped by contact with a false twister 19. The twisting cycle is most effective when the collagen tape is in the wet state, and this may be controlled by dripping water on the tape from the jet 20. The strand may also be lubricated just prior to contact with the false twister with distilled water which is added through the jet 24. When the twist backs up to the pulley 34, as the wet tape emerges from it, a gradual tapering effect of the strand takes place, which rounds it out. The circular shape of the strand remains after the twist is cancelled. The false twister is operated in the range of 150 to 1,000 rpm.
It is important that the water added through the jet and the velocity and temperature of the air in the drying tubes 17 and 18 be controlled so that the wet tanned tape is sufficiently dry when the strand contacts the false twister 19 to avoid deformation. This results in an improved circular cross-section.
The round collagen strand passes from the false twister 19 around the idler pulley 36 and contacts a solution from the jet flowing downwardly in a direction in which the collagen strand is moving. The solution from jet 25 is an aqueous solution of from about 0.08 percent to about 0.3 percent formaldehyde adjusted to a pH of about 9. If the concentration of formaldehyde is less than about 0.08 percent or if the tanning at jet 25 is eliminated entirely, the finished collagen strand will be absorbed more quickly when .implanted in body tissues. If the concentration of formaldehyde is greater than about 0.3 percent, the finished collagen strand Will be brittle and have poor dry knot strength.
The wetted out strand from the jet 25 passes through the drying tubes 18 and 17 around the idler pulley 38 and returns through the drying tubes 17 and 18 around idler pulley 40. When the godet 23 is operated at 12 rpm. to produce about 10 percent stretch between godet 22 and godet 23, the tension on the finished strand as measured by the tensiometer 44 is about 1,500 grams. The dry, tanned, and rounded strand is removed from the godet 23 by the take-up spool 13 at about 36 inches per minute. The final strand, under the operating conditions described above, has a diameter of about 14.5 mils (sutures size 2/0 Rieferring nOW to FIG. 2 which illustrates the preferred method of practicing the present invention, collagen tape is transferred from the supply reel 51 to the take-up spool 52 by the driven godets 53, 54, 55, 56, and 61. The idler rollers 57, 58, 59, and 60 frictionally grip the moving tape or strand and permit stretching thereof.
The collagen tape 50 passes from the driven godet 53 over the guide pulley 62 and around the idler pulleys 63 and 64 immersed in the tanning bath 65. The tanned tape is then guided out of the tanning bath by the idler pulley 66 and is stretched about 5 percent between the godets 53 and 54.
From the godet 54, the tape 50 passes through a drying chamber 67 where it is dried in a current of air, the temperature of which may vary from room temperature to about 130 F. and stretched another 2 percent. The tanned and dried strand then passes through a formaldehyde solution in the tray 69. The time that the moving strand is in contact with this solution may be varied by moving the idler wheel 70 at the end of extension arm 71 about the pivot 72. The moving strand is wet out with water flowing counter current to the movement of the strand through a split tube 74 and is twisted between idler pulley 76 and 78 by the false twister 80. The twisting cycle is most effective when the collagen tape is in the wet state, and this is controlled by the flow of water along the split tube 74. When the twist backs up to the pulley 76 as the wet tape emerges from it, a gradual tapering effect on the strand takes place, and the tape is rounded out. The circular shape of the strand remains after the twist is cancelled. The false twister is operated in the range of 150 to 600 rpm, and the strand is stretched about 6 percent between the godets and 56. The idler pulley 78 guides the rounded strand from the false twister through the drying chamber 82 where excess moisture is removed from the strand.
The rounded and dried strand is preferably treated with an emulsion of castor oil in the tray 84 and dried in the chamber 86 prior to being collected on the take-up drum 52. Idler pulleys 87, 88, 89, 90, and 91 guide the castor oil treated strand through the tray 84 and chamber 86. The drying chambers 82 and 86 are heated to about to F.
In tanning bath 65, all of the components (a), (b), and (c) may be present. By way of illustration in preparing a substantially colorless suture, the bath can comprise formaldehyde, aluminum formo acetate, and 2,4-
. dihydroxybenzoic acid. The concentration of formaldehyde in the bath 65 can be varied to compensate for the time collagen is in contact with the bath. The tensile strength of the finished collagen suture decreases when the concentration of formaldehyde in bath 65 exceeds 0.6 percent, and the in vivo absorption of the suture is quite rapid if the formaldehyde concentration is less than about 0.05 percent.
Relative to the amount of aluminum in tanning bath 65, if the treated collagen strand contains less than about 0.2 percent of aluminum calculated as the corresponding oxide, low dry tensile strength results. Strands containing more than about 1 percent aluminum oxide have poor dry and wet knot strength. Therefore, the concentration of aluminum in the tanning bath can be adjusted within limits so that the collagen, in passing through the bath 65, will absorb about 0.4 percent by weight of aluminum as aluminum oxide. Generally, the concentration of aluminum in the bath will range from about 0.6 to about 1.2 percent by weight (as A1 0 Correspondingly, the concentration of 2,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, (c), in tanning. bath 65 is from about 0.2 percent to about 2 percent. The concentration of component (c) in the bath is so regulated that the collagen strand will absorb from about 0.5 to about 4 percent by weight thereof. Methanol is used to dissolve the 2,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid.
Other materials which can be used in the single tanning bath '65 include sodium hydrosulfite or like reducing agents. A strong reducing agent, such as, formaldehyde sodium sulfoxylate (marketed as Formopon) can be used in the bath to prevent oxidation of the acid. A small amount, about 0.5 percent by weight, of a chelating agent, such as, the disodium salt of ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid, can be used to associate with any undesirable contaminating metals present in the bath. Citric acid, in a concentration of about 0.55 percent by weight, can be used to prevent discoloration due to iron contamination.
The pH of the tanning bath should be between about 2.8 and about 4.5. If the pH is below about 2.8, the collagen will hydrate excessively and is likely to break. If the pH of the bath is above about 4.5, the metal salts present in the bath tend to precipitate. It is desirable, therefore, to adjust the pH of bath 65 within the abovementioned limits. Excellent results have been obtained when the pH of the tanning bath 65 is between about 2.8 and 4.0.
It has been observed that atmospheric humidity, a variable during the spinning of a strand, plays an important part in the stretch and the final tensile strength of the strand. The humidity is preferably controlled by encasing the spinning operation within the smallest practical enclosure into which the air of controlled humidity may be introduced. Superior uniform strands may be obtained when the relative humidity is maintained at about 40 percent.
The continuous processing of collagen tape to obtain a unitary strand of outstanding properties is illustrated by the following examples. Throughout the specification, all quantities are expressed in parts by weight unless otherwise indicated.
7 EXAMPLE 1 The final analysis of the tanning solution is: Percent A collagen tape approximately 4 mils thick and 60 Al min A1 0 98 mils wide containing individual filaments is processed on 1 b 2,4 dih d b 1 45 the apparatus illustrated above in connection with FIG. F ld h d 97 1. The speed of each of the godets, 21, 22, and 23 is 5 maintained at 7, 7.7, and 8.3 r.p.m., respectively. This tanning bath is used to treat a collagen tape approximately 4 mils thick and 60 mils wide containing 192 The followmg solutlons are used: individual filaments as illustrated in FIG. 2. The length Solution 41 at godet 215 Part of tape that is immersed at any one time in the bath 65 2,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid 1 is 60 inches and the rate of travel through the bath is 40 Deionizcd Water -9 inches per minute. The finished, rounded collagen strand Sodium hydrosulfite from the drying chamber 82 is not treated with the castor Mixture adjusted to P with ammonium oil emulsion in tray 84 but is collected directly on the hydroxide. take-up drum 52. The finished strand contains:
Solution 42 at godet 22: Percent Aluminum formoacetate 1 Aluminum (as A1 0 0.5 Formaldehyde 1-carboxy-Z,4-dihydroxybenzene 2.0 Water 98.95 Mixture adjusted to pH 4.3 with sodium hy- Results obtained in this illustration, and in comparable droxide. illustrations, are given below in Table II.
TABLE I1'.SINGLE BATH TREATMENT Tensile strength, In vivo, Tanning conditions pounds pounds Percent Percent Percent Percent acid (0) CHQO A.F.A.(b) MeOH pH D.S. D.K. W.K.3 days 7Days Example No NOTE.-(b) =Aluminum iormo acetate; (0) =2,4dihydroxybenzoie acid. Solution dripped on strand from jet 25:
Formaldehyde 0.3 EXAMPLE 6 Deionized water 99.7 Collagen tape is tanned by the process illustrated in Mixture ad usted to pH 8.0 with sodium hy- FIG. 2. The bath 65 is an aqueous solution containing 1.0
droxide. percent beta resorcylic acid, 0.75 percent aluminum for The tape was wrapped six times around godet 21, five moacetate, 0.5 percent sodium formaldehyde sulfoxylate,
times at godet 22, and nine times around godet 23. 0.05 percent clisodium ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid Analysis of the tanned tape reveals that it contains: and 10 percent methanol. The pH of this solution is 3.7. Percent The bath in the tray 69 is an aqueous solution containing Aluminum (as A1 0 0.88 0.3 percent formaldehyde and 1.5 percent sodium car- 2,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid 0.60 boxymethyl cellulose. The collagen strand is wet out with Formaldehyde Water in the split tube 74 prior to contacting the false Results of this example are given in Table I following twister, and the y 84 Contains an emulsion of P together with results of comparable illustration. cent castor oil in an aqueous solution of 3 percent sodium TABLE I.TWo BATH TREATMENT Bath 2 Bath 1 Tensile strength, pounds In vivo, pounds Percent Percent Percent A.F.A. Percent 3 7 acid (0) Na2S O4 pH (b) CHzO pH D.S. D.K. W.K. days days NOTE.(b) =Alun1inum formo acetate; (0) =2,4 dil1ydroxybenzoic acid.
EXAMPLE 3 acetate and 0.03 percent gelatin. The finished collagen A tanning solution is prepared by dissolving 1.5 parts trand is removed from the take'up z and is heaied of the dihydroxybenzoic acid in 10 parts of methanol, in an oven to a temperature of about C. over aperiod 1 part of formaldehyde, and 1 part of aluminum formoof about 10 hours' acetate and 86.5 part of water. The pH of this solution The process average in vivo absorption characteristics is adjusted to 4.0 by the addition of 10 normal sodium of two production batches of material prepared in achydroxide solution. cordance with this example are given below in Table III.
TABLE TIL-TWO BATH TREATMENT Days post implantation Production runs:
Example 0, amount that remains unabsorbed, percent Chrome tanned, amount that remains unabsorbed, percent Example 6, pounds of tensile strength Chrome tanned, pounds of tensile strength 4. 0 2. 2 1. 6 1. 1
1 Size 3/0 W7-l287 and W71288.
Size 3/0 W [-4405 and \Vl-llSO.
No'rnz Rats were used as the test animal in determining the absorption (characteristics summarized in Table 111'. Each value is the average of 50 tests (subcutaneous implantation) in 10 animals (5 nnplantations 111 each annual).
EXAMPLE 7 Sutures prepared according to the method of the present invention contain 2,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid chemically combined with the collagen. A quantitative determination of the amount of said substituted benzene that is present in the finished suture can be made by the following method.
A -mi1ligram sample of suture tanned with 2,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid is placed in a test tube and 1 milliliter of sodium borohydride solution is added. The solution .of sodium borohydride is prepared by dissolving 0.60 gram of sodium borohydride in milliliters of distilled water and adding one pellet of sodium hydroxide. This solution is prepared fresh for each group of samples. The test tube containing the suture to be analyzed and borohydride solution is heated over a Bunsen flame until the suture is dissolved. The contents of the test tube are then neutralized with concentrated sulfuric acid and the test tube is heated to decompose any excess sodium borohydride solution. The reaction mixture so obtained is cooled and diluted to 3 milliliters with distilled water. One milliliter of a vanillin reagent, prepared by dissolving 7.5 grams of vanillin in 50 milliliters of ethyl alcohol, is added and the mixture is diluted with 79 percent sulfuric acid to 23 milliliters. After 20 minutes, the absorbence at 520 m is compared with a reagent blank using a Beckman D.U. spectrophotometer and four standards containing 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, and 0.04 milliliter of a 2,4- dihydroxybenzoic acid standard solution prepared by dissolving 0.130 gram of 2,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid in 4 N sulfuric acid to a total volume of 100 milliliters.
The absorbence values are plotted against the milligrams of 2,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid in the standard, and the percent of 2,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid in the sample is calculated according to the formula Sample weight (mg) in which A is the absorbence obtained from the curve and K, for the 0.04 milliliter standard, is 0.052 milligram of 2,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid divided by A from the curve.
The visible wave length values at which maximum absorption occurs with 2,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid are 241, 257 and 277 mg.
I have found that sutures prepared by the method of the present invention contain about 0.5 to about 4 percent, and preferably from about 1.8 to about 2.5 percent, 2,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid as determined by the foregoing analytical method.
Sutures described herein can be stored in a variety of tubing fluids, including alcoholic solutions and basic alcoholic solutions of sodium nitrite. Sutures tanned in accordance with the present invention contain from about 0.2 percent to about 1 percent by weight aluminum (aluminum oxide).
It will be understood that the process described above may be utilized in the preservation of other collagenous materials, such as, leather; the useful life of which is frequently shortened by the attack of micro-organisms and enzymes produced by such micro-organisms.
While the invention has been described in detail according to the preferred method of carrying out the process and yielding the products, it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit or scope of the 10 invention, and it is intended in the appended claims to cover such changes and modifications.
What is claimed is:
1. A continuous method for tanning a moving collagen tape which comprises the steps of immersing a continuous length of collagen tape and moving it through and out of an aqueous solution containing 2,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid and an aluminum salt;
drying the moving collagen tape;
immersing the collagen tape and moving it through and out of an aqueous solution containing an aldehyde;
applying a false twist to the moving collagen tape while drying the same to form a rounded collagen strand; immersing the collagen strand and moving it through and out of a bath containing dehydrated castor oil; drying the moving collagen strand; and
collecting the tanned collagen strand so obtained.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein said aldehyde is formaldehyde.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein said aluminum salt is aluminum formoacetate.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the aqueous solution containing the aluminum salt has a pH in the range of about 2.8 to about 3.6.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the solution containing the aluminum salt also contains formaldehyde sodium sulfoxylate.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the finished tanned, collagen strand is heated to a temperature of about C. over a period of about 10 hours.
7. A continuous method for tanning a moving collagen tape which comprises the steps of:
immersing a continuous length of collagen tape and moving it through and out of an aqueous solution containing 2,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid;
drying the moving collagen tape;
immersing the collagen tape and moving it through and out of an aqueous solution containing an aldehyde and an aluminum salt;
applying a false twist to the moving collagen tape while drying the same to form a rounded collagen strand; immersing the collagen strand and moving it through and out of a bath containing dehydrated castor oil; drying the moving collagen strand; and
collecting the tanned collagen strand so obtained.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein said aldehyde is formaldehyde.
9. The method of claim 7, wherein said aluminum salt is aluminum formoacetate.
10. The method of claim 7, wherein the aqueous solution containing the aluminum salt has a pH in the range of about 2.8 to about 3.6.
11. The method of claim 7, wherein the solution containing the aluminum salt also contains formaldehyde sodium sulfoxylate.
12. The method of claim 7, wherein the finished, tanned, collagen strand is heated to a temperature of about 125 C. over a period of about 10 hours.
References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 987,750 3/ 1911 Seyewitz 894.33 3,166,073 l/l965 Kronenthtal 128335.5 3,166,074 1/1965 Kurilla 128-3355 DONALD LEVY, Primary Examiner
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Smith column: Breaking down AP's Top 25 college football poll
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