text:
Differential activation of nerve fibers with magnetic stimulation in humans.
ABSTRACT Earlier observations in our lab had indicated that large, time-varying magnetic fields could elicit action potentials that travel in only one direction in at least some of the myelinated axons in peripheral nerves. The objective of this study was to collect quantitative evidence for magnetically induced unidirectional action potentials in peripheral nerves of human subjects. A magnetic coil was maneuvered to a location on the upper arm where physical effects consistent with the creation of unidirectional action potentials were observed. Electromyographic (EMG) and somatosensory evoked potential (SEP) recordings were then made from a total of 20 subjects during stimulation with the magnetic coil.
The relative amplitudes of the EMG and SEP signals changed oppositely when the current direction in the magnetic coil was reversed. This effect was consistent with current direction in the coil relative to the arm for all subjects.
A differential evocation of motor and sensory fibers was demonstrated and indicates that it may be possible to induce unidirectional action potentials in myelinated peripheral nerve fibers with magnetic stimulation.
Article: Asymmetry of magnetic motor evoked potentials recorded in calf muscles of the dominant and non-dominant lower extremity.[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: The aim of the study was to determine the applicability of magnetic stimulation and magnetic motor evoked potentials (MEPs) in motor asymmetry studies by obtaining quantitative and qualitative measures of efferent activity during low intensity magnetic stimulation of the dominant and non-dominant lower extremities. Magnetic stimulation of the tibial nerve in the popliteal fossa was performed in 10 healthy male right-handed and right-footed young adults. Responses were recorded from the lateral head of the gastrocnemius muscles of the right and left lower extremities. Response characteristics (duration, onset latency, amplitude) were analyzed in relation to the functional dominance of the limbs and in relation to the direction of the current in the magnetic coil by use of the Wilcoxon pair sequence test. The CCW direction of coil current was related to reduced amplitudes of recorded MEPs. Greater amplitudes of evoked potentials were recorded in the non-dominant extremity, both in the CW and CCW coil current directions, with the statistical significance of this effect (p=0.005). No differences in duration of response were found in the CW current direction, while in CCW the time of the left-side response was prolonged (p=0.01). In the non-dominant extremity longer onset latencies were recorded in both current directions, but only for the CW direction the side asymmetries showed a statistical significance of p=0.005. In the dominant extremity the stimulation correlated with stronger paresthesias, especially using the CCW direction of coil current. The results indicate that low intensity magnetic stimulation may be useful in quantitative and qualitative research into the motor asymmetry.Neuroscience Letters 06/2009; 459(2):74-8. · 2.03 Impact Factor
Article: Entrainment of marginally stable excitation waves by spatially extended sub-threshold periodic forcing.[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: ABSTRACT: We introduce a novel approach of stabilizing the dynamics of excitation waves by spatially extended sub-threshold periodic forcing. Entrainment of unstable primary waves has been studied numerically for different amplitudes and frequencies of additional sub-threshold stimuli. We determined entrainment regimes under which excitation blocks were transformed into consistent 1:1 responses. These responses were spatially homogeneous and synchronized in the entire excitable medium. Compared to primary pulses, pulses entrained by secondary stimulations were stable at considerably shorter periods which decreased at higher amplitudes and greater number of secondary stimuli. Our results suggest a practical methodology for stabilization of excitation in reaction-diffusion media such as nerve tissue with regions of reduced excitability.Nonlinear Biomedical Physics 09/2011; 5(1):8.
Article: Transmembrane potential generated by a magnetically induced transverse electric field in a cylindrical axonal model.[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: During the electrical stimulation of a uniform, long, and straight nerve axon, the electric field oriented parallel to the axon has been widely accepted as the major field component that activates the axon. Recent experimental evidence has shown that the electric field oriented transverse to the axon is also sufficient to activate the axon, by inducing a transmembrane potential within the axon. The transverse field can be generated by a time-varying magnetic field via electromagnetic induction. The aim of this study was to investigate the factors that influence the transmembrane potential induced by a transverse field during magnetic stimulation. Using an unmyelinated axon model, we have provided an analytic expression for the transmembrane potential under spatially uniform, time-varying magnetic stimulation. Polarization of the axon was dependent on the properties of the magnetic field (i.e., orientation to the axon, magnitude, and frequency). Polarization of the axon was also dependent on its own geometrical (i.e., radius of the axon and thickness of the membrane) and electrical properties (i.e., conductivities and dielectric permittivities). Therefore, this article provides evidence that aside from optimal coil design, tissue properties may also play an important role in determining the efficacy of axonal activation under magnetic stimulation. The mathematical basis of this conclusion was discussed. The analytic solution can potentially be used to modify the activation function in current cable equations describing magnetic stimulation.Medical & Biological Engineering 11/2010; 49(1):107-19. · 1.76 Impact Factor
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BioMed Central
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BMC Neuroscience
Open Access
Research article
Differential activation of nerve fibers with magnetic stimulation in
Eric C Tuday, Kenneth S Olree and Kenneth W Horch*
Address: Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
Email: Eric C Tuday - email@example.com; Kenneth S Olree - firstname.lastname@example.com; Kenneth W Horch* - firstname.lastname@example.com
* Corresponding author
Background: Earlier observations in our lab had indicated that large, time-varying magnetic fields
could elicit action potentials that travel in only one direction in at least some of the myelinated
axons in peripheral nerves. The objective of this study was to collect quantitative evidence for
magnetically induced unidirectional action potentials in peripheral nerves of human subjects. A
magnetic coil was maneuvered to a location on the upper arm where physical effects consistent
with the creation of unidirectional action potentials were observed.
Electromyographic (EMG) and somatosensory evoked potential (SEP) recordings were then made
from a total of 20 subjects during stimulation with the magnetic coil.
Results: The relative amplitudes of the EMG and SEP signals changed oppositely when the current
direction in the magnetic coil was reversed. This effect was consistent with current direction in the
coil relative to the arm for all subjects.
Conclusion: A differential evocation of motor and sensory fibers was demonstrated and indicates
that it may be possible to induce unidirectional action potentials in myelinated peripheral nerve
fibers with magnetic stimulation.
The ability to produce unidirectional action potentials
(UAPs) in peripheral nerves by external stimulation
would have numerous potential clinical applications. For
instance, spasticity is an abnormally increased amount of
muscle tone associated with an exaggerated stretch reflex.
Spasticity can cause severe debilitations such as a reduced
range of motion in a joint and the development of soft or
hard tissue contractures. Many methods have been devel-
oped to eliminate or reduce spasticity. One of these meth-
ods involves electrically stimulating the nerve such that
the resulting action potential travels in only one direction,
and using them to create collision blocks in peripheral
motor nerves [1-3]. However, this method is unattractive
in that the electrodes must be placed close to or on the
nerve, an invasive and potentially painful procedure. If
UAPs could be generated via large time-varying magnetic
fields, it might be possible to reduce or eliminate spastic-
ity in a non-invasive and pain-free manner.
Magnetic stimulation is a clinically accepted means of
eliciting action potentials in the human body. The basic
designs of magnetic stimulators and the mechanisms of
activation are well documented [4-7]. However, nobody
has fully addressed the issue of magnetically induced
UAP's. Indeed, it is generally thought that it cannot be
Published: 24 July 2006
BMC Neuroscience 2006, 7:58 doi:10.1186/1471-2202-7-58
Received: 24 March 2006
Accepted: 24 July 2006
This article is available from: http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2202/7/58
© 2006 Tuday et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0),
which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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done with today's commercially available magnetic stim-
ulators because the stimulus produced is too weak and
too short in duration to create and sustain an anodal
block [8]. Though a mechanism has been suggested for
UAP genesis in the motor cortex using magnetic stimula-
tion [9] there have been no data presented to specifically
address the idea of magnetically induced UAPs in the
peripheral nervous system outside of our own findings
[10]. However, there are published results that are consist-
ent with the method of UAP genesis that we hypothesize
One hypothetical method of UAP generation is by an
anodal block of a bi-directional action potential on one
side of the cathode. The anodal block works by causing
the interior of the cell to become more negative relative to
the extracellular space; displacing the membrane poten-
tial further from the threshold. If the membrane potential
is lowered far enough away from threshold, the propagat-
ing action potential will be unable to raise the membrane
potential above threshold and fail to conduct across the
hyperpolarized region. The anodal region and the site of
stimulation interchange positions by changing the direc-
tion of current in the coil [13,14].
Previous research has demonstrated that the amplitude of
a propagating action potential in a bullfrog sciatic nerve
on either side of the stimulation site is dependent on cur-
rent direction in the stimulation coil, is reversed upon cur-
rent reversal, and that the recording site with the smaller
amplitude action potential is on the side of the virtual
anode [14]. This supports the idea of UAP generation via
anodal block.
Recently, it has been shown that the amplitude of the
compound muscle action potential is dependent on the
direction of current in the stimulating coil [12], and that
the amplitude of the M-wave generated by magnetic stim-
ulation at the elbow with a circular coil is dependent on
current direction and that the site of the virtual cathode
changes with current direction [11]. However, neither
study measured the amount of afferent neural activity
generated by magnetic stimulation and how it depended
on current direction.
Previous unpublished results in our lab suggested that
UAPs may be produced in the upper arm as a result of
magnetic stimulation. Upon stimulation with a particular
current direction in the coil, subjects exhibited forearm
muscle contraction and reported little or no sensation in
the hand. When the current direction was reversed in the
coil (effectively reversing the current direction in the tis-
sue), the forearm muscle contraction lessened or ceased
and the subjects reported a stronger sensation. These qual-
itative observations indicate that magnetic stimulation
might induce UAPs in the periphery, with the direction of
propagation dependent on the current direction in the
stimulating coil. The primary goal of the present study was
to obtain quantitative measures of efferent (electromyo-
graphic potentials) and afferent (somatosenory poten-
tials) activity during magnetic stimulation as a function of
current direction in the coil.
Figure 1 shows typical recordings of electomyographic
potentials (EMG) recorded from the forearm and somato-
sensory potentials (SEP) recorded from the scalp in
response to magnetic stimulation of the upper arm with a
circular coil. Figure 2 shows boxcar filtered data from the
same subject where the M/S ratios (normalized EMG/nor-
malized SEP) for both current directions closely match the
mean ratios of all 20 subjects. Figure 3 shows a different
subject where a larger difference between the ratios was
observed. Note that in both cases, CW (clockwise) current
produced a larger EMG than did CCW (counter-clock-
Top panel: raw data traces of an EMG signal (dotted black line, left axis) and an SEP signal (dotted gray line, right axis) from subject 39, and corresponding baseline curve fits (light lines, both 8th order polynomials)
Figure 1
Top panel: raw data traces of an EMG signal (dotted black
line, left axis) and an SEP signal (dotted gray line, right axis)
from subject 39, and corresponding baseline curve fits (light
lines, both 8th order polynomials). Bottom panel: signals after
subtraction of baseline curve fits.
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wise) current in the coil, while CCW stimulating current
produced a larger SEP than did CW current.
All 20 of the subjects had more EMG activity and less SEP
activity when stimulating with a CW current direction
compared to the CCW current direction (p < 1E-6, bino-
mial test). This held true for each of the three coils. Put
another way, M/S was always greater than 1 for CW cur-
rent flow and less than 1 for CCW current flow (Table 1).
The magnitude of this difference was significant for 18 of
the 20 subjects (p < 0.05, t-test).
As for the effectiveness of the coils on the subjects, coil 3
(Table 2) was the most effective. In 13 of the subjects, it
produced the largest contrast between the ratios. Coil 2
was responsible for producing the largest contrast
between ratios in 6 of the subjects while coil 1 was best in
only one subject.
The mean of the M/S ratios for all subjects was 4.5 times
larger for CW stimulation than for CCW stimulation
(Table 1). This value is an underestimate of the actual
magnitude of the difference, since the ratio of the two val-
ues is bounded on the low end by 0, but unbounded on
the upper end. If there was no effect due to current direc-
tion, or current direction affected EMG and SEP equally
(e.g., one direction was more effective in eliciting neural
responses than the other), the mean M/S ratio would be
the same (specifically, it would have a value of 1) for both
current directions. To provide a symmetrical distribution
around this mean value of 1, and to allow statistical anal-
ysis of the data, the ratios were log transformed. Note that,
since the data were log transformed, one needs to look at
the ratio of the CW to CCW M/S ratios, not the difference
between the two.
The log transformed data showed that the mean M/S ratio
for CW stimulation was 5.25 that of the ratio for CCW
stimulation, with a 99% confidence interval of 4.19 to
6.59 (Tukey's Honestly Significant Difference). A multi-
Data from subject 52
Figure 3
Data from subject 52. Format as in Fig. 2.
Boxcar filtered EMG (top panel) and SEP (bottom panel) data from subject 39
Figure 2
Boxcar filtered EMG (top panel) and SEP (bottom panel) data
from subject 39. Solid traces are responses from CW cur-
rent flow, dotted traces are from CCW current flow.
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way ANOVA test on the log transformed data from all 20
subjects gave a p < 2.2E-16.
The 99% confidence interval of the CW to CCW M/S
ratios does not contain the value 1. Therefore we conclude
that there is a difference in relative evocation of EMG and
SEP activities between the two current directions.
Since the distribution of motor and sensory activity for a
given subject matched the innervation pattern of a single
(median or ulnar) nerve, we conclude that this effect is
not likely to be due to evoking activity in a predominantly
motor nerve with CW current, and a predominantly sen-
sory nerve with CCW current. This scenario is rendered
even less likely when one considers the fact that changing
the current in the coil from CCW to CW always increased
EMG activity and decreased SEP activity. Given the varia-
bility between subjects in the precise anatomical locations
of the peripheral nerves in the arm and our procedure by
which coil placement was determined without reference
to which current direction had which dominant effect, it
is difficult to imagine that all 20 subjects would show the
same dependency on current direction.
Furthermore, we believe the possibility that current in one
direction was more effective in activating nerve fibers than
current in the other direction, and that differences in fiber
sizes for motor and sensory axons resulted in relatively
more recruitment of one population than the other in the
more effective direction, is low based on the observations
made when changing the current direction in the coil. If
this were the case, both EMG and SEP signals would have
increased with the more effective direction, rather than
one going up and the other going down.
Similarly, we believe that observed distribution of M/S
ratios makes unattractive the suggestion that CW versus
CCW currents preferentially activate different fascicles
(sensory versus motor) within a given nerve. While it is
possible to selectively activate different fascicles within a
peripheral nerve using extraneural stimulation through a
multi-contact cuff electrode [15,16], the variability of fas-
cicular distribution within peripheral nerves [17] means
that this process has to be fine tuned on an individual sub-
ject basis. Again our placement of the coil was based sim-
ply on seeing an effect, not on the basis of which current
direction was more effective for sensory or motor stimula-
tion. Thus, if there was differential activation of motor
versus sensory fascicles with different current directions,
we would expect to see a random distribution of M/S
ratios as a function of current direction across the subject
pool (i.e., a random distribution of M/S ratios would be
expected if stimulating with CW coil current produced
greater motor fiber activation in some subjects and greater
sensory fiber activation in other subjects as compared to
stimulation with CCW current direction) However, stim-
ulating with CW coil current resulted in greater motor
activation and lesser sensory activation as compared to
the CCW current direction in all subjects and the M/S
ratios were comparatively high for CW and low for CCW
for all subjects.
We note also that work by others has demonstrated varia-
tions in EMG amplitude with changes in coil current
direction consistent with our findings [11,14], and obser-
vations of preferential motor cortex activation have been
explained by an anodal block model [9].
Though we find the results consistent with a model of
UAP generation via anodal block, we have no direct evi-
dence that an area of hyperpolarization was generated so
as to produce an anodal block in the nerves stimulated,
and our results should be considered with that in mind.
It is apparent that there was a differential activation of
motor and sensory nerves upon stimulation with a mag-
netic coil. Based on the results obtained in these experi-
ments, and the results from in vitro experiments in our lab
[10], we find that it is possible that the data presented
reflects the creation of UAPs via an anodal block mecha-
nism. However, since we provide no direct evidence to
support this, it is possible that the observed effect may be
Table 1: Data summary. Shown are mean ± standard deviation.
Measure CWCCW
1.37 ± 0.26
.699 ± 0.25
2.16 ± 0.94
0.62 ± 0.21
1.30 ± 0.32
0.48 ± 0.19
Table 2: Physical characteristics of the coils. The resistance of the coils was too low (order of milliohms) to measure accurately as
measurements were dominated by contact resistance.
CoilTurns per layerLayersInner diameter (cm)Outer diameter (cm)Wire gauge Inductance (µH)
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due to one of the other possible explanations discussed
Still, all of the observations made during these experi-
ments are consistent with our model of UAP generation.
For one, since the change in EMG and SEP amplitudes var-
ied consistently with the direction of the current in the
coil relative to the arm, the blocking mechanism must be
dependent on current direction, as is the position of the
anodal region relative to the cathodal region in the stimu-
lated nerve [13]. Additionally, we have developed a
detailed computer model to analyze field distributions
with circular coils applied to the upper arm in humans.
This model shows that under the proper conditions, uni-
directional action potentials can be produced by such
coils, a finding that has been confirmed with excised
nerves placed in a geometrically well-defined environ-
ment [10]. However, there are variations in conductor
inhomogeneities on an individual basis that are not
accounted for in our computer model, which can greatly
influence current flow and the site of excitation [18].
Three stimulating coils were used for the study. All three
were circular in design with varying layers and turns
(Table 2). The stimulator was custom designed by Max-
well Labs (San Diego, CA) and passed a maximum charge
of 0.3 coulombs through an IGBT switch. A diode was
placed in parallel with the coil [10], which favorably
changed the current profile in the coil by reducing the rate
at which the coil current decayed (Fig. 4). The induced
current density in the tissue is proportional to the time
rate of change of current in the coil; so when di/dt in the
coil is negative, the effects elicited in the nerve by the ini-
tial rise of current in the coil are negated. Reducing the
negative di/dt decreases the negation of the effects.
This study was approved by the University of Utah's Insti-
tutional Review Board and all 20 subjects in this study
gave informed consent. Each subject was randomly
assigned an ID number and seated comfortably in a chair.
The subject was unaware of the goals of the study to pre-
vent any bias.
Electromyographic (EMG) recordings were made by plac-
ing two recording electrodes (Kendall Biotac Ultra 7563)
on the skin surface directly over the proximal and distal
portions of the bellies of the forearm flexor muscles, and
a ground electrode was placed on the elbow. Before the
electrodes were placed, the skin was thoroughly cleaned
using an alcohol swab. The electrodes were connected to
a WPI DAM-6 differential amplifier with a voltage gain of
100 and bandpass filtering set at 10–3,000 Hz [19].
Somatosensory evoked potential (SEP) recording elec-
trodes (copper metal disks) were placed at points CP3 and
CP4 as described by the international 10–20 system [20].
Conducting jelly was placed on the recording electrodes
to minimize contact impedance. The electrodes were held
in place by wrapping an ace bandage around the head. A
ground electrode (Kendall Biotac Ultra 7563) was placed
behind the left ear. The electrodes were connected to a
WPI DAM-6 differential amplifier with a voltage gain of
100 and bandpass filtering set at 10–3,000 Hz [21].
Before stimulation, a thermal insulating sleeve made out
of one-inch thick Styrofoam surrounded by nylon was
placed on the upper, right arm of each subject as protec-
tion from the heat generated by the coil. A magnetic stim-
ulus was presented every 0.3 s and each subject was
allowed to move the coil to various positions on the arm.
The subject reported on the sensation felt and forearm
muscle activity was observed by the researcher. The coil
was moved until a site was found where the subject
reported little or no sensation and the researcher observed
a strong forearm muscle contraction or, conversely, the
subject reported a strong sensation and the researcher
observed little or no forearm muscle contraction. The cur-
rent in the coil was then reversed to see if the opposite
effect was observed, i.e., if strong forearm muscle contrac-
tion would decrease and the reported sensation would
increase (or vice versa). This deliberate search for a site of
asymmetrical activity was necessary because UAP genesis
is highly dependent on the location of the anodal block
relative to the site of activation. Therefore the coil had to
be carefully oriented for each subject. Care was taken to
insure that the elicited motor activity and the reported
sensations in a given subject corresponded to the innerva-
Coil current profiles with and without the diode placed across the coil (data taken with coil 3 described in Table 2)
Figure 4
Coil current profiles with and without the diode placed
across the coil (data taken with coil 3 described in Table 2).
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tion patterns of the same nerve (ulnar or median, depend-
ing on the subject).
Once a site of suspected UAP production was found, the
coil was fixed in place either with a non-magnetic
mechanical arm or with an Ace bandage. The favorable
site for the coil was on the medial side of the arm flat
against the skin for all subjects (Fig. 5); however, the exact
location within this area of the arm varied between sub-
jects. With the coil fixed in place, the subject was stimu-
lated for a total of 6 different trials, 3 with a clockwise
(CW, as viewed from the body midline) current direction
in the stimulating coil and 3 trials with counterclockwise
(CCW) current (Fig. 5). The order of the trials was ran-
domly generated by a computer. All three coils were used
for each subject, each being positioned independently.
The amplified EMG and SEP signals were passed to an
oscilloscope that allowed visual confirmation that the sig-
nals were present, and provided further amplification
(voltage gain of 100) to match the input range of the A/D
card (National Instruments CB-50LP) in the computer.
The signals were time aligned by using a trigger pulse gen-
erated by the magnetic stimulator, digitized at a rate of
5,000 samples/s for 50 ms, signal averaged, and stored on
the computer's hard disk drive by a virtual instrument cre-
ated using Labview. A total of 128 repetitions were used
for each average. The entirety of the 128 repetitions con-
stitutes one trial.
Stimulation with the magnetic coil caused a large artifact
in the EMG and SEP recordings that began to diminish to
baseline at about 6 ms in a steady manner. Artifact
removal was accomplished by fitting the recording with a
polynomial (usually a 7th or 8th order, depending on
which fit best) and subtracting the results of that polyno-
mial from the EMG or SEP trace (Fig. 1). Subtle variations
(caused by positional differences of the coil relative to the
electrodes) in the signal artifact sometimes made a 7th
order polynomial a more appropriate fit. The fit was made
for the entire trace (6 ms to 50 ms) to ensure that the pol-
ynomial fit was to the artifact and not to the evoked neural
activity. In addition to removing the artifact, the subtrac-
tion eliminated any DC offset present in the signal.
Finally, the data were smoothed with a three-sample box-
car filter.
With the artifact removed, the data within a window of 21
ms were quantified for the EMG trace and the data within
a window of 16 ms were quantified for the SEP trace to
give a single value for each response that represents the
amount of activity present in each window. Quantifica-
tion consisted of calculating a mean-squares value (pro-
portional to signal power) for motor (M) and sensory (S)
stimulation as follows:
where N is the number of samples in the time window.
The starting points of the windows were adjusted appro-
priately for each individual to correspond with the end of
Eqn. 1
Sketch of electrode and coil placement
Figure 5
Sketch of electrode and coil placement. The coil was placed
on the medial side of the right arm. The arrow indicates CW
current flow in the coil.
Page 7
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the large transient associated with the artifact, though
starting points of 6 ms for the EMG trace and 8 ms for the
SEP trace were typical. Data within a window of equal
duration at the end of the trace were quantified in the
same manner to provide a measure of noise. The noise
mean-squares value was subtracted from the response
value to obtain a final mean-squares value.
The M value for a single trial was normalized by dividing
it by the average M value of all six trials. The S values were
normalized similarly. The ratio of the normalized M value
to the normalized S value was calculated for each trial. The
ratios of the entire study population were log transformed
and a multiway ANOVA test was conducted on the entire
data set to test for statistical significance between current
directions (statistics were performed using the R statistics
package, a language and environment for statistical com-
puting and graphics readily available on the World Wide
Web [22]). Tukey's Honestly Significance Difference post-
test was performed to obtain the 99% confidence interval
of the differences in the log ratios.
Authors' contributions
ET contributed to the experimental design, carried out all
the experiments, built the data acquisition system, per-
formed data analysis, and contributed to the manuscript.
KO assisted in the experiments, data analysis, and contrib-
uted to the manuscript. KH conceived, designed, and
assisted in the study and data analysis, and contributed to
the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final
We thank Dr. Doug Christensen for helpful advice, and Drs. Steve Kern
and Ted Stanley for financial assistance.
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eral nerve fascicles: use of field steering currents. Proc Ann Intl
Conf IEEE Emg Med Biol Soc: 1991 1991:904-905.
Veraat C, Grill WM, Mortimer JT: Selective control of muscle
activation with a multipolar nerve cuff electrode. IEEE Trans
Biomed Eng 1993, 40(7):640-653.
Sunderland S: Nerves and Nerve Injuries. 2nd edition. New York:
Churchill Livingstone; 1978.
Maccabee PJ, Nagarajan SS, Amassian VE, Durand DM, Szabo AZ,
Ahad AB, Cracco RQ, Lai KS, Eberle LP: Influence of pulse
sequence, polarity and amplitude on magnetic stimulation of
human and porcine peripheral nerve. J Physiol (Lond) 1998,
Delgado JMR: Electrodes for extracellular recording and stim-
ulation. In Physical Techniques in Biological Research Edited by: Nastuk
WL. New York: Academic; 1964:88-139.
American Electroencephalographic Society: Guideline thirteen:
Guidelines for standard electrode position nomenclature. J
Clin Neurophysiol 1994, 11:111-113.
American Electroencephalographic Society: Guideline nine: Guide-
lines on evoked potentials. J Clin Neurophysiol 1994, 11:40-73.
The R Project for Statistical Computing [http://www.r-


text:
Black dynamite (2009) - imdb, Black dynamite is the greatest african-american action star of the 1970s. when his only brother is killed by the man it's up to him to find justice.. Black agenda report | news, analysis commentary , A black agenda radio commentary by executive editor glen ford. in the three months since michael brown was gunned down in ferguson, the appeal of grassroots movement. Realspace donovan student desk 30 14 43 22 black, Realspace donovan student desk 30 14 h x 43 w x 22 d black, made of engineered wood, open shelving offers flexible organization options and helps reduce clutter at.
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
Hector Ramirez (New York)
|Hector Ramirez
Do you have a photo that could go here? Submit it for this profile by emailing us!
|Former candidate for
|New York State Assembly, District 86
|Elections and appointments
|Last election
|November 4, 2014
|Term limits
He ran unsuccessful as a 2013 Democratic candidate in the special election for District 86 of the New York State Assembly.[1] Ramirez ran as a Working Families Party candidate for District 86 of the New York State Assembly in 2010.
- See also: New York State Assembly elections, 2014
Elections for the office of New York State Assembly took place in 2014. A primary election took place on September 9, 2014. The general election took place on November 4, 2014. The signature-filing deadline for candidates wishing to run in this election was July 10, 2014. Incumbent Victor Pichardo defeated Hector Ramirez in the Democratic primary, while Rene Santos was unopposed in the Republican primary. Jose Marte ran on the Conservative Party ticket. Pichardo also ran on the Working Families Party ticket. Pichardo defeated Santos and Marte in the general election.[2][3]
|New York State Assembly, District 86 Democratic Primary, 2014
|Vote %
|Victor Pichardo Incumbent
|Hector Ramirez
|Total Votes
Ramirez ran in a special election for New York State Assembly District 86. The seat was vacant following Rep. Nelson Castro's (D) resignation amidst a bribery scandal. Ramirez was defeated by Victor Pichardo (D) in the open primary on September 10.[4][1][5]
- See also: New York State Assembly elections, 2010
Ramirez lost in the Democratic primary, but he was uncontested in the September 14 Working Families Party primary. Ramirez was defeated by incumbent Nelson Castro (D) in the general election on November 2.[6]
|New York State Assembly, District 86 2010
|Nelson Castro (D)
|Hector Ramirez (WF)
|Rene Santos (R)
|Lisa Campbell (C)
Recent news
| Know more information about this profile?
Submit a bio
This section displays the most recent stories in a Google news search for the term "Hector + Ramirez + New + York + Assembly"
- All stories may not be relevant to this page due to the nature of the search engine.
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See also
- New York State Assembly
- New York State Assembly District 86
- New York State Assembly elections, 2014
- New York State Legislature
External links
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 newyork.cbslocal.com, "State Assembly - District 86 - Dem Primary," September 10, 2013
- ↑ New York Board of Elections, "Candidate Petition List," accessed August 8, 2014
- ↑ New York Board of Elections, "Primary results for September 9, 2014," accessed October 1, 2014
- ↑ nydailynews.com, "Gov. Cuomo opts against special election for open Bronx Assembly seat," April 26, 2013
- ↑ vote.nyc.ny.us, "Official Democratic primary results," accessed December 11, 2013
- ↑ New York Times, "NY state legislative election results," accessed February 11, 2014
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text:
Helping Our Veterans
Desert View Hospital is dedicated to a community approach in fulfilling the needs of our military veterans, to ensure they are a valuable part of a healthy community, and that the community is a meaningful part of the health of the veteran.
Visit Our Veteran's Resources Page >>>
Desert View Hospital
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Hospital Holiday Open House!Join us on Saturday, December 13 from 4 pm to 6 pm for our annual Hospital Holiday Open House! Have your child's photo taken with Santa, tour our facility, and enjoy festive treats! Learn more here!
NEED AN OB/GYN? We've got you covered!


text:
chlortetracyclineSyllabification: chlor·tet·ra·cy·cline
Pronunciation: /ˌklôrtetrəˈsīklēn /
Definition of chlortetracycline in English:
An antibiotic of the tetracycline group, active against many bacterial and fungal infections.
- This antibiotic is obtained from the bacterium Streptomyces aureofaciens or produced synthetically
Example sentences
- These include the antibiotics polymyxin B sulfate, streptomycin sulfate, chlortetracycline hydrochloride and neomycin sulfate.
- They include chlortetracycline, erythromycin, neomycin, oxytetracycline, penicillin, and penicillin/streptomycin.
- A team of researchers found that adding miniscule amounts of the antibiotic chlortetracycline to chicken feed would do the trick.
Definition of chlortetracycline in:
- British & World English dictionary
What do you find interesting about this word or phrase?
Get more from Oxford Dictionaries
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Word of the day ingratiate
Pronunciation: inˈɡrāSHēˌāt
bring oneself into favor with someone through flattery…


text:
Some hotels strive to make their guests feel at home, but our guest rooms go one step further - we want you to prefer us to home. We have introduced travelers to a whole new level of service, luxury and comfort with the Sheraton Sweet Sleeper® Bed. Each suite features floor-to-ceiling windows offering spectacular views of the city, Bow River, and Prince's Island Park. And our award-winning team of service professionals will work hard to ensure your stay is pleasant and memorable.
Located on preferred floors, Sheraton Club guest rooms offer upgraded amenities, free bottled water, and complimentary fitness center access. Club guests also have special access to the Club Lounge. A relaxing, upscale space, the Club Lounge offers complimentary breakfast, afternoon hors d'oeuvres and a variety of beverage options. Take advantage of the private Club Lounge where you can connect with friends, meet with your team, or simply relax by catching your favorite TV show. Need to get some work done? A copier/fax/printer and complimentary office supplies are ready to go.
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StartUpHire is the place to find Marketing jobs in and near Pinehurst. Review the list of Marketing Pinehurst career opportunities to the left. These Marketing jobs represent some of the most rewarding careers available.
You can refine your job search for Marketing career opportunities in Pinehurst by adding a job title, company name, or keyword to the search box above … or click the "Advanced Search" link for more options.
Don't see the employment opportunity you're looking for? Check back soon for more Marketing jobs in Pinehurst, or sign up for an email alert (link below) to receive periodic updates on new Marketing jobs in Pinehurst, NC.
Demand for Marketing Professionals in Pinehurst, NC
Marketing Jobs in Pittsburgh, PA
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Boingo Wireless is looking for a highly motivated, self-starter who will be responsible for planning and managing the installation of Wireless Broadband Networks at Ft. Bragg, NC. Travel among our other bases in the region may be necessary to assist in the build-out and launch10/20/2014 Fort Bragg, NC Save This Job


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Gold prices fell to their lowest levels in weeks recently after President Barack Obama pushed Congress to delay any vote on taking military action in Syria. The more time that passes, the less likely that the U.S. will use force, which, while potentially good for the world, is not a positive for gold prices. Safe-haven assets look less attractive and for the first time in quarters, the gold commodity, as represented by the SPDR Gold Trust (NYSEARCA:GLD), looks less attractive than gold miners.
GLD data by YCharts
Recently, noted bond manager Jeff Gundlach made favorable comments about the Gold Miners ETF (NYSEARCA:GDX); this is bullish for the ETF itself, and for major holding like Barrick Gold (NYSE:ABX) and Newmont Mining (NYSE:NEM). A rotation into miners and out of the commodity could lead to big swings. Still with the Syria question unanswered, this remains a critical element.
In the video below, I discuss both the impact of the President's remarks and the impact they could have on the gold market.


text:
Guru3D Rig of the Month - November 2014
Dragon Age: Inquisition VGA graphics performance review
MSI 970 Gaming motherboard review
Corsair Gaming M65 RGB game mouse review
MFAA Multi-Frame Samples AA Explored - Guide
GSKILL Phoenix Blade 480GB PCIe SSD Review
Corsair Gaming H1500 Dolby 7.1 headset review
GALAX GeForce GTX 970 EXOC Black Edition review
Guru3D Contest 2014 - Win a Gigabyte GTX 980 G1 Gaming
Call of Duty Advanced Warfare VGA graphics performance benchmark review
Enermax Fulmo GT review
Posted by: Hilbert Hagedoorn on: 01/14/2013 10:34 AM [ 0 comment(s) ]
We review and test the Fulmo GT. Enermax has been going very strong with their power supply and fans. For a while now they also offer PC cases, and more recently they released what seems to be the biggest chassis I've ever laid my hands on. This chassis series has HPTX support for the bigger than biggest motherboards and some pretty cool features as well.Read article
Tagged as: Enermax Fulmo GT
« Sparkle GeForce GTX 650 Ti review · Enermax Fulmo GT review · Guru3D Christmas Contest 2012 »
Click here to post a comment for this article on the message forum.


text:
November 27, 2014
9/7/06 - Paige Stephens has been clearing out and cleaning up her basement since Tuesday morning, but there's still a lot of work to do and now her landlord says she must get it all out by Friday morning.
Stephens has lived in her Rockford apartment with her mother for about a year now. She's never met her landlord and has learned she won't be seeing remorse anytime soon. Her landlord told her she must get all of her belongings out by eight a.m. tomorrow, or else it will all be thrown away.
"I just need some help, that's it, and he said throw it out, and that's why I felt like I lost and I turned to my mother and said, I quit, I can't fight it anymore," Stephens says.
Stephens says she felt much better after tonight's forum because she knows she's not alone and there are dozens more out there who are in a similar situation.
Rockford Police told Stephens that if her landlord does indeed try to toss out her belongings she can call the police and they can put a stop to it.
Click Here to access the online Public Inspection File
Viewers with disabilities can get assistance accessing this station's FCC Public Inspection File by contacting the station with the information listed below. Questions or concerns relating to the accessibility of the FCC's online public file system should be directed to the FCC at 888-225-5322, 888-835-5322 (TTY), or email@example.com.


text:
Mobile termination prices have always been low in South Asia. S Asia also has among the lowest retail prices for mobile in the world. Therefore, the substance of the policy brief that had formed the basis of a successful intervention by our sister organization RIA to the Parliamentary Committee on Communication has little relevance to this region. However, the exemplary use of comparative data and analyses of company annual reports in relation to media pronouncements in this policy brief is worth a look. Congratulations to RIA on a job well done. We await the announcements of lower prices.
LIRNEasia@10 - LIRNEasia is celebrating its 10 year anniversary. Check out our timeline of events


text:
MIAMI — Guard Roger Mason Jr. felt he had done his part.
On Tuesday, the Miami Heat did theirs. He and teammate Michael Beasley, the only players on the roster without guaranteed contracts, were not waived before Tuesday's 5 p.m., deadline. It means both will be guaranteed the remainder of the season.


text:
Originally written on Fox Sports Wisconsin | Last updated 11/15/14
PHOENIX In six seasons on the Milwaukee Brewers' coaching staff, Dale Sveum did it all. Hired by Ned Yost in 2006 to serve as third base coach, he became the team's bench coach a year later. In 2008, Sveum became the unlikeliest of interim managers, taking the reins after Yost was fired with 12 games to play as the Brewers returned to the playoffs for the first time in 26 years. Passed over for the managerial job that winter, Sveum stayed on as the team's hitting coach and remained in that capacity for both of Ken Macha's seasons in Milwaukee and Ron Roenicke's first, before finally landing the top job with the Chicago Cubs over the winter. With that much time in the organization, it's understandable that Sveum felt a little disoriented Saturday when he brought his team to Maryvale Baseball Park to face the Brewers. "Honestly, I don't think I've ever been in there," Sveum said, referring to Maryvale's visitors' clubhouse. "...
Original Story: http://www.foxsportswisconsin.com/03/...
PLAYERS: Ned Yost, Ken Macha, Theo Epstein, Carlos Zambrano, Carlos Pena, Aramis Ramirez, Ryan Dempster, Marlon Byrd, Geovany Soto, Carlos Marmol, Jonathan Lucroy, Ryan Braun, Robin Yount, Prince Fielder
TEAMS: Milwaukee Brewers, Kansas City Royals, Chicago Cubs, Boston Red Sox, Miami Marlins, Tampa Bay Rays, Detroit Tigers
TEAMS: Milwaukee Brewers, Kansas City Royals, Chicago Cubs, Boston Red Sox, Miami Marlins, Tampa Bay Rays, Detroit Tigers
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text:
New for 2014! The 5.1-ounce
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Women's jackets for hiking and backpacking in rain, snow or cold weather
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text:
Justin Hawkins: 'Vegans Don't Sweat Or Smell'
The 38 year-old British rocker is a committed vegan who refuses to eat all animal and dairy products, and he is adamant his diet has affected his sweat glands and he no longer perspires.
He tells Q magazine, "I never change my clothes. In fact, I even sleep in them because vegans don't sweat or smell. I rarely shower and I don't wash my hair. Go up to any vegan and sniff.
"They don't stink."
The Darkness To Tour With Lady Gaga
The Darkness Get Back Together
Jennifer Lawrence: 'It Should Be Illegal To Call Somebody Fat'
She told Barbara Walters during the "10 Most Fascinating People of 2013" special: "Why is humiliating people funny? I get it, I do it too. We all do it."
She added: "I think the media needs to take responsibility for the effect it has on our younger generation on these girls that are watching these television shows and picking up how to talk ...
Why Fans Will Love (or Hate) 'The Hunger Games: Mockingjay, Part 1'
J-Law Has A Cinderella Moment
Christian Bale Still Trying To Shed His 'American Hustle' Weight
The 39 year-old actor ploughed his way through junk food to expand his waistline, however he's finding it a little harder to drop the excess weight, months after completing filming.
He tells People.com, "I ate lots of doughnuts, a whole lot of cheeseburgers and whatever I could get my hands on. I literally ate anything that came my way. I was about 185 and went up to 228. I'm still working it off."
The British star, who a...
Christian Bale Is Out Of A Jobs
Christian Bale In Talks To Portray Apple Founder Steve Jobs In Biopic
Miranda Lambert: 'I Did Not Have Plastic Surgery To Lose Weight'
The singer posted on her blog: "Though I NEVER care what the tabloids have to say about me... I wanted to address this certain story they are running this week and set the record straight.
"I DID NOT have surgery to lose weight. That is ridiculous. I lost my weight the healthy and good old fashioned way. Watching what I eat and working out with my trainer Bill Crutc...
Happy Birthday!
Tons Of Pics From The 2014 CMA Awards
Kim Kardashian Hits Back At Plastic Surgery Rumors: 'I Worked So Hard' To Lose Weight
Kim was featured on the cover of Life & Style with the headline, "Weight-Loss Cheater." The article within claims Kim went to a plastic surgeon to remove physical marks from her pregnancy and had fat-reduction procedures.
The rag cites a source who claims, "Kim and other high-profile clients can sneak in through a back door," and, "She even wore workout clothes to throw off the photographers and begged them to make it look like she was going inside to work out, not to get laser treatments."
The reality star took to Twitter...
Jennifer Aniston To Kim Kardashian: I Bared My Butt First
Rumor Patrol: Duggar Family Anti-Gay? Bill Cosby Assaulted Cara Ferrigo?
Unpublished Notebook Of Jim Morrison's Final Musings To Go Under The Hammer
The rare item will be among the highlights at Profiles in History's upcoming Rock 'n' Roll Auction on December 18th. The notebook, which Morrison updated during his final months in Paris, features musings, poetry and notes that have never been published.
The notebook is from the collection of rock legend Graham Nash, who was given the memorabilia by his former manager Bill Siddons. Siddons was one of the only people who saw Morriso...
10 Music Myths People Still Believe
12 Celebs People Love to Believe Faked Their Deaths
Obsessed Fan Wins Restraining Order Against Alexandra Paul
Paul was given an order of protection against German national Nicole Albrecht after accusing her of waiting at her house, leaving gifts at the home, and following her at a local pool.
The 50 year-old actress agreed to drop the order after Albrecht promised to avoid any further contact and to stay at least 50 feet away from the star at a gym they both use in Pacific Palisades, California.
Nonetheless, it has now emerged ...
Kim Kardashian's Swimsuit Selfie Was A 'Big Middle Finger To The World'
The reality star admitted that losing weight after giving birth to daughter North was the hardest challenge of her life.
She also chatted about the sexy white swimsuit selfie she posted online a couple of weeks ago. "I was like, babe, can I post this up? This is my big, like, middle finger to the world on everyone that called me fat," she gloated.
Negative publicity about her weight gain...
Jennifer Aniston To Kim Kardashian: I Bared My Butt First
Rumor Patrol: Duggar Family Anti-Gay? Bill Cosby Assaulted Cara Ferrigo?
Tori Spelling Made A Sex Tape, Starved Herself To Lose Baby Weight
In "Spelling It Like It Is," the actress says it was McDermott's idea to film themselves getting down and dirty, and she was actually happy with the end result. Only later did they realize they made a big mistake.
Spelling explained, "Dean said, 'We should tape ourselves having sex'. He had a little portable tripod, and he set up his video camera on it. Afterward, I checked my angles and they were good, so I allowed him to keep it. He uploaded it to our com...
Tori Spelling Hospitalized & Quarantined For Bronchitis
Tori Spelling's New Reality Show Premieres Tonight On Great American Country
Jake Gyllenhaal Drops 20 Pounds For 'Nightcrawler,' Shows Skinny Look On Red Carpet
The actor showed up to the 17th annual Hollywood Film Awards on Monday night looking quite thin and very different from the guy who bulked up for "Prince of Persia: The Sands of Time" in 2010.
Gyllenhaal told reporters: "I knew that my character was literally and figuratively hungry, so I played him so he was always a bit hungry.
"I've lost probably a little over 20 pounds, something like that... It's no different to getting into ...
Jake Gyllenhaal 'Searching' For The Right Film To Direct
Celebrities With Royal Blood


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Breakup FAILs: 10 Celebrity Exes Who Fell Off After Their Relationships Fell Apart
After spending more than a year planning a large July 2010 wedding, the former America's Next Top Model winner split from House of Payne actor Lance Gross in March. To make matters worse, the model has struggled to find work on the silver screen since landing a role in the 2007 film titled (ironically enough) I Think I Love My Wife. Um, ouch?


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Edward L. Alperson
|Edward L. Alperson
|November 13, 1895
Omaha, Nebraska
|July 3, 1969
Beverly Hills, California
|United States
|movie producer
Edward Lee Alperson (born November 13, 1895, Omaha, Nebraska, USA; died July 3, 1969, Beverly Hills, Los Angeles, California, USA)[1] was an American film producer who started Grand National Films Inc. and later released his productions through 20th Century Fox. He was the father of Edward L. Alperson, Jr (April 3, 1925 – October 31, 2006).
Alperson started his Hollywood career as a film salesman for B. P. Schulberg's Preferred Pictures Corporation. Prior to the firm's 1925 bankruptcy, Alperson joined the film distribution section of Warner Bros. in 1924. During his time at Warners, Alperson developed a close friendship with Spyros Skouras then the head of Warner Bros. Theatres, eventually becoming his assistant.[2]
In 1934 Alperson formed Grand National Distributors initially to distribute films from independent producers and British films to be released in America. However in 1936 Alperson expanded Grand National into Grand National Pictures[3] to produce its own films. Alperson acquired the studio complex of the defunct Educational Pictures. Grand National initially began with a variety of low budgeted films such as Westerns with Tex Ritter, Renfrew of the Royal Mounted and cowgirl Dorothy Page, adventure films shot in Cinecolor, melodramas such as In His Steps based on the book of the same name, and released British films such as Boris Karloff's Juggernaut.
What promised to be Alperson's good fortune turned out to be his downfall when he befriended James Cagney then on suspension from Warner Bros. Alperson produced a crime film for Cagney called Great Guy but when Cagney refused another crime film, Angels With Dirty Faces later filmed by Cagney at Warners, the studio overspent on a musical for Cagney Something to Sing About that failed at the box office and spelled the end of Grand National.
Alperson bounced back in 1942 as the general manager of RKO Pictures theatre circuit.[4]
He had kept in contact with his friend and mentor Spyros Skouras over the years, and when Alperson acquired the film rights to Somerset Maughan's The Razor's Edge he negotiated a deal to produce films as an independent producer for 20th Century Fox in exchange for turning over the film rights to the property to Fox.[5] The first film he produced for Fox was Black Beauty. His films used a variety of names for the production company such as "Alco", "Alson", "Alplee" and "National Pictures". His son Edward Jr shared in the producer's duties of these films and Edward Jr often composed or co-wrote the musical score to some of the films.
Finishing with Fox after September Storm (1960), Alperson Senior acquired distribution rights to a pair of Japanese science fiction films The Last War and The Human Vapor.
Alperson's last film of note was acquiring the film rights to Irma La Douce for Mirisch Productions that was filmed in 1963 by Billy Wilder but without the music. Alperson had made an agreement with Mirisch for 25% of the profits of the film and won his case in court when there were problems with the arrangements.[6]
- ^ Edward L. Alperson on findagrave.com
- ^ p. 5 Billboard May 23, 1942
- ^ pp.41–54 Fernett, Gene Hollywood's Poverty Row 1930–1950 Coral Reef Productions 1973
- ^ p. 5 Billboard May 23, 1942
- ^ Edward L. Alperson Obituary Variety July 9, 1969
- ^ pp. 87–90 University of San Fernando Valley Law Review, Volume 1 University of San Fernando Valley Law Review., 1973
- Variety Obituaries July 29, 1969


text:
Hi, I'm Miranda Simes, and I'm a junior at M-A. This will be my second year on the M-A Bear News staff, and I'm excited to take on the role of copy editor as well as continue to inform the community through a variety of stories. I'm looking forward to covering major news events and features; through these I hope to improve my writing and editing abilities. I also enjoy representing M-A on the track and soccer teams, as well as hiking, finding new music, and baking in my spare time.
Miranda Simes, Copy Editor
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School Loop: An Updated Grading System Comes to M-A (Story/Photo)
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Hurdling Through Her First Year at M-A: April Holliverse (Story/Photo)


text:
Amazing Greek Myths of Wonder and Blunders
By Mike Townsend
(Dial, Hardcover, 9780803733084, 160pp.)
Publication Date: January 7, 2010
Other Editions of This Title: Paperback
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From Hercules? snake assassin slippers to Arachne?s wicked weaver rap songs, these are the mythic monsters and Hellenic heroes that have captured Western culture for centuries?but a whole lot more fun. Each story showcases the wondrous and blunderful antics of gods and mortals in bright graphics that rival the super-heroic action of The Lightning Thief, burst with the knock-yoursocks- off humor of Jeff Kinney, and still remain unerringly faithful to the original myth. Kids won?t be able to resist the bickering sheep, unruly rulers, and undercover details of Amazing Greek Myths?while teachers, librarians, and parents can relish this new way to share moral messages that remain as relevant today as they were a thousand years ago.
Mike Townsend lives and draws in Philadelphia.


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Everything you need to know about HSM! If you're looking to get involved, this is the place for you!
Winter Retreat sign ups are open! Don't miss this amazing weekend in the forest and (hopefully) snow!
There are so many opportunities for students to serve in HSM! From audio production to hospital visits to week long trips to far away lands, HSM is the perfect place for you to serve God and discover your purpose!
Got a question? A comment? A concern? A noteworthy praise, ultimately ending in someone getting a raise, maybe a holiday ham? We want to hear them all!


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Registration for year-round and traditional schools takes place at the school of attendance starting on Wednesday, April 15, from 9 a.m.to 3:30 P.M.
RIPON - Ripon Fire Chief Dennis Bitters saw the parched landscaping at Ripon's newest elementary school and stepped up to the plate to meet the problem head on.
Girls who didn't want to spend a small fortune on their prom or graduation dress got a chance to save some money when the Sierra High School Sober Grad Committee conducted its first annual "gently used" prom dress fundraiser Saturday in the school's drama room. The committee offered slightly-used formal and semi-formal dresses at discount prices to raise funds for their safe and sober after graduation celebration. People who donated a dress could get either 40% of whatever their dress sells for or donate the entire sale price to the Sober Grad Committee fundraiser and receive a 100 ...
Jennifer Spellman recently learned to dance Bhangra.
It's one more year that the Ripon Rotary Club has provided all the third graders in the Ripon Unified School District with fully illustrated McMillan Children's Dictionaries.
Boomer Plata has a senior project in the works that's part public relations and philanthropy.
The Manteca Unified School District and the Manteca Educators Association came to a tentative agreement last Tuesday.
Jerry Gorman wasn't your typical big-town hero.
The $24,400 raise that new Manteca Unified Superintendent Jason Messer received last week has raised more than a few eyebrows from educators worried about whether they'll have a job next year, but the salary he'll be taking home is the same his predecessor made while his overall compensation will actually be less.
During the weekend, Valleri Gammon took a black-and-white photograph of her brother and his fiancé snuggled up against a bright sky back drop.
WESTON RANCH – Strong gusting winds and a nearby house fire wasn't enough to put a damper on Farm Day at August Knodt School.
RIPON – The second annual Rina's Run is still a month away.
The Manteca Unified School District announced its 2009 classified employees of the year last Tuesday.
For years, those in the agricultural community would bring the farm to the various Manteca Unified sites.
Students and teachers in Manteca High School's Visual and Performing Arts Department will celebrate their annual Day of the Arts on Wednesday, April 1, from 5 to 7 p.m. in the Winter Gym.
Ashley Drain and Alexander Bronson, who sent two incumbents of the Manteca Unified Board of Trustees packing in the November elections, will be sworn in at the December school board meeting even while questions about the legitimacy of some of the information they wrote down in the candidates' papers they filed with the San Joaquin County Registrar of Voters are being investigated.
He calls out the play, standing tall in his stance, signaling each member of his team with smooth arm strokes.
They blew bubbles. They built forts made out of newspapers. They experimented with tie dyes using water and rubbing alcohol. They learned how heat is generated and its consequences. They showed how solar heat can power a remote-controlled car. They peered through microscopes to note and observe how a salt crystal looks like magnified so many times.
Manteca High School is not the only one going on block scheduling at the start of the school year 2015-2016. Weston Ranch High School's request to get the green light from the Board of Trustees to do the same starting in August of next year was approved at the last board meeting on Nov. 12.
During his 16 years on the Manteca Unified Board of Trustees, Manuel Medeiros often provided comic relief, even when discussions turned serious and complicated.
The road to success may go down Disaster Avenue for some Manteca Unified students.
Alexander Bronson made his first appearance at a Manteca Unified School board meeting on Wednesday.
Shasta Elementary School was locked down Wednesday morning when police were chasing Alonzo Fabian Talavera, 25, of Manteca who was reportedly running from Manteca Police officers near the Edison Street campus.
Jacob Davis of Manteca graduated with multiple Student of the Course (SOC) honors from the Sacramento campus of Universal Technical Institute (UTI) in Sacramento.
The first five schools that will be benefiting from the narrowly passed $159 million school bond in the November elections are all elementary campuses.
The Manteca Unified Board of Trustees will have its regular meeting on Wednesday in observance of Veterans Day on Tuesday, Nov. 11.
It's turning out to be a case between 21st technology and policies put in place before instant communication exploded into the global picture.
L.J. Alofaituli and Tim Brown weren't anything like the rookie cops on '21 Jump Street.'
Like most parents Tania Green has concerns about Manteca Unified School District going digital in the coming months.
More than 3,000 third graders from all over San Joaquin County had an educational and fun day at the farm Thursday. Playing host to the thousands of youngsters eager to learn about apples, walnuts, almonds, pomegranates and everything else related to farming was the Manteca Unified School Farm.


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|illustration photo
Sitting on an area of 305 ha in the Van Phong Economic Zone, the complex is capable of processing 10 tonnes of material per year.
It is expected go on stream by the end of 2013 when it will supply a range of products, including LPG, high-octane unleaded gasoline, kerosene, diesel, polypropylene, and benzene.
Source VIR/VNA


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After a relatively quiet year following 2012′s Anna Karenina, Keira Knightley has been hitting the big screens in a big […]
First of all, don't scoff. You may think you know how to talk about things that should apparent to everyone. […]
British people get the majority of their complaining done in private, hours after the offending incident took place. Registering even […]
Since 2007, the NFL has exported regular season games to London where quarterbacks, wide receivers and tight ends have thrilled […]
When you start watching awards contender American Hustle—out today (December 13)—you will notice Amy Adams speaking with a not-so-good British accent, a deliberate act on her part.
Adams stars opposite Christian Bale—they play 1970s con-artists in this much-praised movie—which also includes Bradley Cooper and Jennifer Lawrence in its cast. The film is set in New York and New Jersey and is directed by David O. Russell.
Adams' character Sydney Prosser affects a British accent to help give the impression that she has good London banking credentials to those poor individuals she's trying to con.
"It is a fake British accent," says Adams. "I think she liked to watch films and she probably watched a lot of interviews and styled herself to be quite posh in her mind."
The actress gives a strong performance. Her character is sociopathic and quite dark, and it's brought talk of awards recognition with a trophy going her way.
She says: "I'd rather my daughter win a trophy for like dance, bowling, you know… I'm not gonna, throw it away if I win it, but it's just nice to be able to be offered the jobs that earn that kind of conversation."
See more:
Golden Globes: Idris Elba, Helena Bonham Carter, Tatiana Maslany Score Nods
Richard Curtis: Writing 'Doctor Who' Prepared Me for Doing 'About Time'
Chef James Briscione's career began humbly; he was a football star and dishwasher at a brunch spot in his adolescence. […]
Although we don't grow up with Thanksgiving, Brits in the U.S. are often charged with the task of "doing" Thanksgiving […]
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Fugitive lip biter arrested in California
Nov 6, 2014
Jonathan E. Benedict
Oct 30, 2014
Darrell W. Cook
Oct 2, 2014
Michael Polchies
Sep 25, 2014
Home » News » Crime
Update: Maine men arrested in NH on eel smuggling, assault charges
A bucket of baby eels confiscated by Fish and Game officers after two Maine men were arrested for allegedly poaching the eels. (Jason Schreiber/Union Leader)
Matthew Kinney, 29, of Bremen, and his brother, Justin, 35, of Mount Vernon, will face numerous charges after their run in with Fish and Game officers that led to a land and air search.
Fish and Game Lt. Michael Eastman said authorities received a tip early this morning that two men were catching baby American eels in the Hampton Falls River.
Eastman said two conservation officers responded to the area shortly before 5 a.m. and found that the brothers had a "substantial amount" of young eels less than six inches long.
When one of the officers attempted to arrest Matthew Kinney, Eastman said he assaulted the officer and then ran into the river and later fled into the woods with a handcuff on one of his wrists. Justin Kinney ran into the marsh grass and was arrested at the scene.
Several local police agencies, Fish and Game, State Police hunted Matthew Kinney with the help of dogs and a helicopter.
A State Police K-9 team eventually found a track leading from the area where he was last seen to the Hampton Falls Inn on Route 1. Eastman said authorities learned the brothers had rented a room at the hotel Thursday night.
Eastman said "dipping" for the young eels, known as elvers, is legal in Maine, but not in New Hampshire. He said Maine and South Carolina are the only states where it's allowed on the East Coast.
"They were pretty much down here to poach elvers to take back to Maine to sell," Eastman said.
The baby eels can fetch an estimated $2,000 a pound overseas, particularly in the Asian market, Eastman said.
Eastman did not identify the conservation officer who was assaulted, but he said the officer wasn't injured.
Matthew Kinney will be charged with two counts of simple assault, disobeying a conservation officer, resisting arrest, taking American eels less than 6 inches long, and taking without a harvest permit.
Justin Kinney will faces charges of disobeying a conservation officer, providing false information to law enforcement, hindering apprehension, taking American eels less than 6 inches long and taking without a harvest permit.
The two are being held on cash bail and will be arraigned Monday if they're unable to post bail, Eastman said.
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Newton man faces three charges for alleged kidnapping, rape of teenREADER COMMENTS: 0
- Police: Man busted 7th time for having suspended license - 0
- NH Business Newsmakers: Alexander honored by public relations group - 0
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How to shop without guiltREADER COMMENTS: 0
Pipeline's NH route moves to top choice
Obama's action a first step?
A kinder, gentler House Speaker?
College Hockey: Providence blanks UNH
A kinder, gentler House Speaker?
Tough task for NH budget writers
Teacher 'thrilled' at being reinstated
- Whom do you think bears the brunt of the blame for the mayhem this weekend in Keene?
- KSC students
- 37%
- KSC administration
- 2%
- Police
- 6%
- Visitors from out of town
- 18%
- A combination of any/all of the above
- 37%
- Total Votes: 2483


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- Jr. ATB Knobby tires roll smoothly and quietly on pavement, yet offer lots of traction on gravel and dirt paths
Diamondback Lustre 20" Kid's Bike - 2014
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- 140mm 1-Piece, 40T
- fork:
- Trial XC 30mm travel
- frame:
- DB 6061 heat-treated Aluminum with replaceable derailleur hanger
- front derailleur:
- grips/tape:
- DB Kraton
- handlebar:
- Steel Jr Riser 20.5" wide x 1" rise
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- Rims: 36h R-1000 Alloy; Hubs: (F) 36h Nutted (R) 36h Nutted; Spokes: 14g
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Vince Vaughn
Celebrity Buzz: Joan Lunden shaves head because of cancer
'Delivery Man' movie review: 'Delivery Man' delivers Vaughn's soft side
"Delivery Man" is virtually nothing like a Vince Vaughn movie, but rather a heartfelt celebration of the act of parenthood presented under radically exaggerated circumstances.
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Only On 7
The ABC7 I-team investigates cop cruiser crashesCop Cruiser Crashes happen more often than you think in the Washington area. Are officers being held accountable? And should you be paying the price? The I-Team investigates TONIGHT on ABC7 News at 11 after "Castle."


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He's out of his mind!
Originally written on Pro Football Zone | Last updated 11/7/14
According to Tom Pelissero of 1500ESPN.com, Green Bay Packers wide receiver Greg Jennings is looking to make $14 million per season. I can't imagine any team giving Jennings that kind of money. He's simply not worth it. He's been injured too much over the past couple of seasons and he's benefited from a great system in Green Bay. I could see a team overpaying and giving Jennings $10-$11 million per year at the most. Need NFL Tickets? var _CI = _CI || {}; (function() { var script = document.createElement('script'); ref = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; _CI.counter = (_CI.counter) ? _CI.counter + 1 : 1; document.write(''); script.type = 'text/javascript'; var _CI = _CI || {}; (function() { var script = document.createElement('script'); ref = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; _CI.counter = (_CI.counter) ? _CI.counter + 1 : 1; document.write(''); script.type = 'text/javascript'; script.src = 'http://widget.crowdignite.com/widgets/27484?_ci_wid=_CI_widget_'+_CI.counter; script.async = true; ref.parentNode.insertBefore(script, ref); })();
Original Story: http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/ProFoo...
PLAYERS: Greg Jennings
TEAMS: Green Bay Packers
TEAMS: Green Bay Packers
4 Comments:
ditto-love him-he is out of his mind-
receivers don't make QB'S, QB'S make
Why would you want to leave a winning team for alittle more money,when you are already rich.I would love to hear if Javon Walker wishes he had stayed with the Packers now,instead of playing out his years with terrible teams.I know I will never understand,but I like to compete with winners.Just hard for me to understand that way of thinking.Look at what Desmond Howard could have done.But for alittle more money comparatively,he is forgotten.Desmond and Walker could possiblely have more Super Bowl rings and definately more playoff games under thier belts.
Jordy Jones and cobb!! See ya greedy
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"The Tiny Five"
This is what "rescue" is all about........
(with thanks to Jodi Greenleaf)
Barney is a 13 year old Cockapoo who came to us from a woman who dumped him at Petsmart because she was moving and couldn't take him with her. Barney is a 21 pound love muffin! A bowl of food, trips outside to do his business, a warm cushy bed and some love is the recipe for this guy's happiness! You will be happy to because he is so easy to love! Please apply!
Bobby came to us from a family that didn't have the time or finances to properly care for him. This 13 pound Poodle boy is very sweet, energetic and smart. With no real paperwork to go by we are thinking Bob is about 2-3 years of age. He loves to play ball and will bring it back. He loves to run and play with his foster brothers.
Rescue donation $350.
Gus is an overweight 10 year old, blue standard Poodle who, through no fault of his own, was allowed to eat too much with no exercise. His older Dad went to a nursing home and we were called to help. Please know that Gus can't be any sweeter and has a very good 3-5 years ahead of him if he has a loving family to give him some exercise and monitor his food. It's such an easy thing that we Poodle lovers can do! He has had a much needed dental and his bloodwork is great! Yes it's a commitment but he is so worthy!
Elliot and Teddy
Elliot and Teddy are 10 month old black tweenie (big toy/small mini) puppies looking for their own homes. Each weighs 9 pounds, Teddy being taller and Elliot being shorter. Both are incredibly delicious and affectionate.
Rescue donation $500.
Ruben was given to a family by a woman who had to move. This family contacted us to help him get a Poodle home. Ruben is a gem; house trained, crate trained, quiet and sweeter than sweet! Between 6-8 months, weighing in at 12 pounds he appears to be a mini with a natural tail. This is the dog that the rescuer herself would love to keep!
Rescue donation $500.
When Hartford Animal Control Officer, Sherry DeGenova called us to help a little Poodle mix with an injury that needed surgery we said yes! With Eloise's time up and no money in the budget for repairs we knew we needed to try and help her. Eloise is not saying if she was hit by a car, kicked or dropped but with no road rash we have our own suspicions of what might have happened. X-rays show that her hip is completely out of the socket and she is in extreme pain when she moves the wrong way, Ouch! Surgery, a FHO will take place very soon, along with a spay procedure. This cute little 1-2 year old 7 pound Poodle/Schnauzer will be looking for a home in time. Talk her up and spread the word. We will keep you all posted.
Thank you to Sherry for always caring for the animals and Dr. Eric Galster at Windsor Animal Clinic for your orthopedic expertise!
Eloise update!
Eloise is home and resting as comfortably as possible thanks to medication! Time and quiet is what she will need to recover from her Femoral Head Ostectomy (FHO) and complicated spay. We also think that her jaw has been affected by her lapping food instead of trying to chew. We won't know if she will be able to be adopted because of the trauma she's been through which reflects on her attitude, but we are sure going to try!
Time will tell. Here's hoping!
Ellie-Bellie has a long way to go, but is improving each day. Now that she is feeling better she seems to want to "talk" and tell us of the horrible things she has been through in her short life.
Be assured, Ellie, no one will hurt you again.
Will you help us with the costs of Eloise's medical expenses?
Commander is a 4.5 pound, 8 year old silver beige toy Poodle boy that needs some arms to cuddle him or a lap to sit on. Commander is a darling little snuggle bug!
Rescue donation $350.
Meet Ensign, Commander's housemate. Ensign is an apricot toy Poodle who is 6 years old and weighs 8 pounds. Ensign is the sweetest and most funny little guy, not at all as serious as Commander! Ensign loves to be with you and if you can't see him, look behind you!
Rescue donation $350.
If you would like to apply to adopt a PRCT dog,
please read about our Process and then complete our Application


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English Language Resources
Listed below are a variety of opportunities available to UM students and scholars to improve their English language skills. This list is provided to inform the UM international community, and is not an endorsement of the programs on this list.
UM Offices/Programs
UM Writing Center
The Writing Center assists UM students and fellows by providing individual consultations, workshops and support groups.
Community resources
Baltimore Reads, Inc.
Baltimore Reads, Inc. is a non-profit organization that offers free programs related to adult literacy and ESL instruction.
Esperanza Center
The Esperanza Center offers free English language instruction.
Children of the World
A co-op in the Charles Village area of Baltimore which provides ESL instruction to adult members and playgroups for families with children ages 1 – 4.


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Atlantis Hot 'N Cold bottle water cooler offers quality, reliability, and easy maintenance for long-lasting performance. This model has a durable dishwasher-safe drip tray, stainless steel reservoir, a one-piece, easy to maintain hot tank and built-in handles for simple mobility. The optional WaterGuard feature offers no-spill bottle loading. Its stylish, durable bright white cabinet won't dent or rust and fits well in any decor. Includes a three year warranty.
|Assembled Depth (in.)
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If you haven't tried TokuDB yet, here's an opportunity to do so. This first post looks into giving a bit of context about how TokuDB fits into MySQL, and the next one, to be published in the following days, will document my experience in installing it with Percona Server.
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Alabama Senator Hank Sanders and his wife Rose Sanders brought their published books and stories of the civil rights movement to the Back on the Blocks Celebration in the Belmont and DeVilliers Historical Business District at the Gathering Awareness and Book Center. The event was hosted by its owners, Georgia and Johnny Blackmon. It was …
Category Archive: Community
Permanent link to this article: http://pensacolavoice.com/the-gathering-awareness-hosts-senator-hank-sanders-for-back-on-the-blocks-celebration/
Nov 20
Underhill and Robinson Sworn In and May Turns Over Chairmanship to Barry at Escambia Commission
Tuesday, November 17th, new Escambia County Commissioner Doug Underhill was sworn in on a very cold Tuesday morning but at a very warm swearing in ceremony in the commission chambers. Grover Robinson, IV was also sworn in for another term for District 4. At the same meeting County Commission Chairman Lumon May turned over the …
Permanent link to this article: http://pensacolavoice.com/underhill-and-robinson-sworn-in-and-may-turns-over-chairmanship-to-barry-at-escambia-commission/
Nov 20
Freewill Ministries Celebrates New Building, New Neighborhood
By Charmere N. Gatson For nearly 27 years, Bishop Paul L. Jones, Sr., and his wife, Co-Pastor Sharon D. Jones, have ministered to the congregation of Freewill Ministries in Pensacola's Lincoln Park neighborhood. At the start of the ministry, membership was small, but as time progressed, the church membership grew, and worship services and …
Permanent link to this article: http://pensacolavoice.com/freewill-ministries-celebrates-new-building-new-neighborhood/
Nov 13
Veterans, Their Families, and the Community Enjoy Pensacola's Veterans Day Celebration
Veterans Day in Pensacola encompassed a colorful parade of bands, marching units, cars both antique and new and a fun filled celebration at the Veterans Memorial Park. Sherriff David Morgan formerly opened the Veterans Memorial Park Foundation Veterans Day Observance event with a solo of the national anthem. He was followed by Mayor Ashton Hayward …
Permanent link to this article: http://pensacolavoice.com/veterans-their-families-and-the-community-enjoy-pensacolas-veterans-day-celebration/
Nov 13
Tom Joyner Invades Pensacola Beach and Belmont and DeVilliers Celebrating 10th Anniversary of Magic 106.1
Tom Joyner of the Tom Joyner Morning Show (TMJS) nationally syndicated radio program stormed into Pensacola with Sybil Wilkes and J. Anthony Brown on Tuesday November 11th and Wednesday November 12th continuing their marketing trek across the country and the Gulf Coast. First the TJMS cast hit Pensacola Beach landing at Portofino Island Resort located along …
Permanent link to this article: http://pensacolavoice.com/tom-joyner-invades-pensacola-beach-and-belmont-and-devilliers-celebrating-10th-anniversary-of-magic-106-1/
Nov 13
Lloyd Reshard a Finalist of Space Florida's Innovation Awards
Lloyd Reshard, a research engineer and technology consultant, was a part of two of the twenty teams selected as finalists of the 2014 Innovation Awards and one of three winners of a $60,000 Microsoft software subscription. The awards, presented by Space Florida, Innovation Coast and the Florida Small Business Development Center, recognize creative business plans …
Permanent link to this article: http://pensacolavoice.com/lloyd-reshard-a-finalist-of-space-floridas-innovation-awards/
Nov 13
Zion Hope Hosts Retired Army Col. Sandra V. Richardson as Veterans Day Speaker
Col. Sandra Richardson (Retired Army) was the guest speaker during the Zion Hope Primitive Baptist Church Veterans Day Observance held on Sunday November 9th during the 10:45 service. Under Yates leadership Zion Hope's Military Ministry served as the event's organizer chaired by Mrs. Arnetha Welcome. Christal Montgomery, the Military Ministry's Assistant Leader provided support in …
Permanent link to this article: http://pensacolavoice.com/zion-hope-hosts-retired-army-col-sandra-v-richardson-as-veterans-day-speaker/
Oct 30
Pensacola Mayor Leads Challenger by large margin in Pensacola Voice poll
Last Sunday evening, the Pensacola Voice conducted a telephone poll of 375 likely voters only to find that Mayor Ashton Hayward held at 51% of the votes leaving his challenger Donna Clark with only 20% of the vote with nearly 29% still saying they were undecided in the race. During the survey participants also were …
Permanent link to this article: http://pensacolavoice.com/pensacola-mayor-leads-challenger-by-large-margin-in-pensacola-voice-poll/
Oct 30
Houser Memorial AME Zion Celebrates 123 Years
Sunday afternoon, Houser Memorial African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church celebrated their 123rd year anniversary. As members and friends gathered in the church sanctuary, it was obvious that there was excitement in the air about this celebration. Never before has any community shared such a joyous occasion as this. Beginning at 3pm, Reverend Theyuka Thomas, …
Permanent link to this article: http://pensacolavoice.com/houser-memorial-ame-zion-celebrates-123-years/
Oct 30
Thousands Came Out to Support the American Cancer Society "Making Strides"
On Saturday, October 25 thousands of people came out to participate in the Making Strides against Breast Cancer walk. Men women, and children participated walking for loved ones that survived or was lost to cancer. This moving event was greeted with the warmth of all races, ethnic backgrounds, colors and creeds working together on one …
Permanent link to this article: http://pensacolavoice.com/thousands-came-out-to-support-the-american-cancer-society-making-strides/


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