text:
Thank you very much, Eliza, and thanks to the Local Economy Center for inviting me. And "Welcome to the Women's Panel." (Audience laughter).
Before I start, I want to acknowledge my co-author and power-point organizer, Stephen Healy, my graduate student back at U. Mass. (Slide 1)
Just listening to things here this morning, I think we can get a sense from the economic development community that there is, at any one time, only one major way to go about economic development. You could get the idea that there is a consensus, not only locally, but also nationally, and even globally, on how to go about it. We even have some of the buzzwords of that process now. And, basically, there is a sense that, for localities, there is one right way to go. So, for instance, given globalization, we need to participate in the global market place. That's the way! (Slide 2) The goal is to insert ourselves into the global economy so that we can get a piece of the pie.
And there is really only one way to do this, and that is by developing our export base. (Slide 3) The vision is that exports bring in dollars from outside and those dollars fuel local economic growth. Every job we create in an export industry—like high tech manufacturing, or tourism, or higher education—means more local employment in other sectors. The workers spend their wages with local retailers and they consume local services, like getting their hair cut and their teeth cleaned—that creates private sector jobs; (Slide 4) they pay taxes and create jobs in the public sector. This is the famous multiplier effect.
It makes sense, then, that communities are competing with each other to recruit enterprises, or even grow enterprises, to create new jobs. These might be multinationals like Toyota, or hotel chains, or they might be local industry clusters, or federal prisons, (Slide 5) a growing industry—yes! This has become a major economic development strategy for rural communities. To attract these businesses, as you know, local and state officials offer large subsidies and tax breaks, often paying effectively more than $100,000 per job.
But of course there are problems with this approach. One problem with this approach, of course, is that the subsidy may never be repaid—it will be a long time before that jobholder pays enough additional taxes to add up to $100,000. But there are lots of other problems too (Slide 6):
· Profits are not necessarily reinvested locally (So, that's called a "leakage").
· The company doesn't necessarily buy its inputs locally (and that is a "leakage").
· they promise you a lot of jobs, but actually create many fewer (so, that's "leaky promises").
· the company can always leave—and they do (so, that's "pulling the plug").
But the main problem is the vision: it's treated as an automatic process. If you create job growth in export industries, local wealth will increase and float all boats. We can see it doesn't always work that way. Moreover, the vision is narrow and coercive. There's only one route to survival—and that's creating jobs in export industries--if you step off the path you're dead. (Slide 7). You're a node in the global economy or you're nothing. Basically that's a victim position. (Slide 8) And there is no alternative—the famous TINA that we got from Margaret Thatcher: T(here) I(s) N(o) A(lternative).
Marshalling Surplus
But can there really no alternative? Let's think about this. A basic problem is that wealth that is being produced locally is not staying in the community. What if we could capture that wealth and use it to construct a community economy? (Slide 9) and that is really what, I think, Gar Alperovitz was talking about with his references to "anchoring".
Now, let's define what a "community economy" is: A community economy is an ethical and political space where people's decisions shape the economy…rather than following the demands and dictates of the global market
Here's where we need to look around…to find examples of communities that are already capturing their wealth, or "marshalling their surplus," (Slide 10) and using it to build their community economies. I am going to look first at a community in Spain, Mondragon, and then come back to Western Massachusetts, where I'm from.
Mondragon (Slide 11)
The Mondragon Cooperative corporation is a complex of worker cooperatives in the Basque region of Spain with more than 40,000 worker owners, its own bank, its own university, a hospital, well over 100 factories—all of them organized as worker cooperatives. In 2003 Mondragon's total sales were over 9.7 billion Euros which is almost $12 billion U.S. It is the third largest supplier of automotive components in Europe (Slide 12). It is one of the largest distributors of food in Spain. On the occasion of its 50th anniversary, the UN chose Mondragon as one of the fifty best social economic experiments in the world. (Slide 13)
Mondragon was instigated by Father Jose Maria Arizmendiarrieta, (Slide 14) who worked after WWII to bring economic self-determination to the Basque people suffering under Franco's dictatorship. In the mid 1950s, five former students from his technical school started the first cooperative, and soon other coops had spun off from it. (Slide 15) This is a picture from 1958.
The defining characteristic of worker cooperatives is that the workers appropriate the wealth they produce—it belongs to them. Here's how they do it in Mondragon. The cooperators make decisions democratically, deciding how much to pay themselves, recognizing that the amount they take in wages will have an impact on how much surplus is available for building their economy. (Slide 16). They also decide what to do with the surplus, or the amount that's left over after wages and other costs. 10% is donated to charity (and that's by Spanish law, interestingly enough), 20% is retained by the individual coop, and 70% is distributed to individual cooperators as a bonus or dividend.
In the late 50s Don Jose Maria persuaded them to form a bank, where the 70 percent that went to individuals could be deposited until cooperators retired. In essence they were creating a community economy fund by pooling their dividends, their individual shares of the surplus, generating the capital to invest in more cooperatives. The bank began to oversee the development and implementation of business plans for new coops. Between 1960 and the present the number of coops increased rapidly. (Slide 17)
In addition to the industrial coops, they started a social insurance coop that provides health care and social security to coop members and their families; education and training coops providing education from day care to university level; research and development coops that do scientific and technical research for cooperative businesses.
They also have created housing coops, a cooperative supermarket chain, and a growing number of international production sites. Here are some recent pictures of Mondragon scapes. (Slide 18) (Slide 19). By pooling the surplus among the Mondragon coops, cooperators have marshalled a huge potentiating force—the ability to create more coops, more employment and a sustainable community economy in the region.
Now, let me give you a sense of their principles. They had to follow a certain set of principles in order to be able to do what they did (Slide 20). These include "the subordinate character of capital" (subordinate and instrumental to sustaining the community) and what they call "equilibrio" which means balancing the competing requirements of businesses, workers, environment, community members; all those interests; in practice, a commitment to an endless process of "negotiation" or "working it out." There is no magic bullet here. There is no simple answer. They have to struggle over all these things, actually.
Now, I am going to move back to western Massachusetts. The Mondragon coops could be seen as non-capitalist—they are worker coops, where the workers actually appropriate the surplus they produce (rather than it going to the capitalist, or to the board of directors of the capitalist firm, to distribute as they see fit). So how could we marshall surplus in a region where most of the firms are not coops, but just regular capitalist firms?
Right now in the Pioneer Valley of Western Massachusetts some people are working on the answer to that question, creating a business model called E2M: Community Conscious Capitalism for Millennium 2000. (Slide 21)
E2M was founded by Michael Garjian, (Slide 22) a business person and social entrepreneur who was tired of the growth treadmill and tired of working for shareholders, at the expense of workers and communities.
The idea is that companies donate 5 to 20 percent of their equity to their workers and another 5 to 20 percent to the local community. This creates a revenue stream to the community and a pool of funds which will be administered by a Regional Economic Council, made up of people from the different demographic groups in the region. (Slide 23). These organizations are being created as we speak!
But, why would companies want to become E2M certified? Let's just look at financing. (Slide 24) An E2M certified enterprise is eligible for low interest loans and low-key venture capital from the E2M Regional Council. Traditional venture capitalists look for returns of 10 to 20 times their investment, if not more. The E2M venture fund would be happy to see an enterprise create jobs and achieve sustainable growth. Plus they would have an advantage in being locally recognized as E2M certified companies, qualifying for local purchase agreements and attracting loyal consumers.
Now, what would this do for communities?
The equity donated to the community creates a revenue stream and a pool of funds which can be used to create more E2M companies, and even begin to buy out existing companies and convert them to E2M certified businesses. (Slide 25) Plus the Regional Council could invest in building affordable housing, or providing adequate health care and social services the way Mondragon has done. Once you have pooled the surplus this way, you can use it in a number of ways to meet community needs.
E2M (Slide 26) represents a way to marshall surplus and build the community economy within a predominantly capitalist environment—creating firms that recognize community building as an important goal. You don't have to be Mondragon to do it (though it helps to be cooperatively organized).
Diverse Economy/community economy
I am going to move now to frameworky stuff and talk about our "community economies" project, through which we have been trying to think about the economy differently, in order to enact a different economy. (Slide 27) The Community Economies Collective has been trying to think about the economy differently so we can enact a different economy. If we want to envision local options in a global economy, it's important to have a more inclusive sense of what a local economy involves.
What we usually think of as the economy is actually just the tip of the economic iceberg. (Slide 28) This is the economy that most people recognize. But below the water line are lots of social spaces, persons, relationships and activities that we're all familiar with. This is the more inclusive view of the economy. Social scientists have estimated that more than half of economic activity in both rich and poor countries takes place below the water line.
So, even though we're used to thinking about it in monolithic terms, the landscape of economy is really quite diverse. Here is a diagrammatic way to think about this diversity. (Slide 29) The top line is the economy as we usually understand it: involving market transactions, wage labor, and capitalist enterprises. But the economy incorporates a variety of hidden and alternative activities that add up to much more than the top line.
In the first column, we can see lots of alternative market options, including the underground economy, the barter economy, local trading system; non-market options: a very big one is "gifting."
With Labor, we have many kinds of labor that would be considered alternative; things like in-kind labor, volunteer labor, and of course, unpaid labor—that's a huge percentage of the labor that is done, from 30% to 50% of GDP, in both rich and poor countries, is accounted for by unpaid labor according to some studies.
And, of course, the enterprise. Here we have alternative capitalist enterprises, like the E2M firms.
As much as 60 percent of economic activity in both rich and poor countries takes place in the hidden and alternative economies. With the exception of a few things, like indentured labor and slavery, all these things in the shaded part of the diagram could be enrolled as part of a community economy.
But if we want to build a community economy, we're necessarily getting involved in the problematic process of economic development (Slide 30) which is what we are here to discuss today. Development is supposed to be about increasing social well-being. In practice, however, it's been about increasing employment and economic growth—well perhaps "employment" has now dropped out of it.
The traditional vision is that people go to work and earn money that they presumably spend in the region, and the company has healthy profits that are presumably reinvested in the region, and increased social wellbeing is the result. (Slide 31)
But of course there are no guarantees—as we saw before.
So what we need are more enterprises and organizations that create well-being directly (Slide 32). In other words, we need to focus on the ends rather than just the means, avoiding the mindset where the only way to create social well-being is through the indirect route of industrial growth. Here are some examples from Holyoke, Massachusetts, near where I live. (Slide 33). But you could get these anywhere; you could get them right here in Lancaster. We will look at some organizations that generate jobs not from an export-base, but by tying non-market activities together with income generating projects.
They are creating well-being directly, rather than by the circuitous route of economic growth, by meeting needs for shelter, food, and care. (Slide 34).
Creating Well-being Directly
The Anti-Displacement Project
I am going to start with housing. The Anti-Displacement Project (or ADP) organizes tenant buyouts of apartment complexes to maintain low-income housing in the region. Based in Springfield, the ADP owns 5 apartment complexes from Springfield to Greenfield. They currently have over 15 million dollars in assets. (Slide 35)
The ADP's commitment to innovative organizing and community building doesn't stop at housing. They're concerned with everything that affects tenant-members. Currently for example (Slide 36)
· they are starting a worker center and hiring hall where the tenant-owners can find jobs, avoiding the temporary agencies that have been underpaying them for years. You can see them here demonstrating against "Labor Ready," which they call "Slaver Ready."
· They started a tenant-owned worker coop called United Landscaping to do landscaping and snow removal at their complexes, which has been a big expense contracted out in the past. But now, they'll be doing it themselves—and later perhaps get a business out of that.
· They offer youth and education programs, with computer rooms in every complex.
· They are the largest single distributor of free food from the local food bank.
· Community kitchens have been established in each complex.
· Leadership skills are taught through all of these activities.
Basically the ADP is "taking back the economy" by constructing a community economy in which needs are met directly, while at the same time being involved in enterprise development for the local market. (Slide 37)
Now, here's a story of the ADP up against the export-base theory of economic development. Early in 2002, the ADP began a campaign at Whiting Farms in Holyoke to build more low income housing units on adjacent vacant lots. This brought them into conflict with the city of Holyoke, which is hoping to locate an industrial park in the same spot. (This is the traditional path to social well-being—through the circuitous route of industrial development.)
The ADP argued that it was an open question whether an industrial park would do more than a housing project for the city's economy. An expansion of the housing project at Whiting Farms would be sure to expand the residential tax base, whereas an industrial park would cost the city tax revenue in the form of tax abatements or infrastructure subsidies. Moreover, industries in the park might create employment but not necessarily for Holyoke residents, and most likely not for the residents of the housing complex. In contrast, building A-DP housing would create jobs for local construction workers, and would address an immediate social need for more affordable housing.
The ADP's suggestion that Holyoke collaborate with them to satisfy the local demand for low-income housing pointed towards a different development strategy, one that aimed at improving social well-being directly rather than simply focusing on growing the export base.
From the floor (Tom Baldrige)
May I ask a quick question of clarification?
Julie Graham
Tom Baldrige
Is ADP a non-profit organization?
Julie Graham
Tom Baldrige
And, in Massachusetts, is there a local income tax levied?
Julie Graham
Tom Baldrige
Ok! Here is the difference! That in Pennsylvania a non-profit organization would be off the tax rolls, and there is no local income tax levied. So, the description of the value added that you gave doesn't apply to Pennsylvania.
Julie Graham
Ok, but other things would apply here! All of these arguments are made in particular settings, and in a way you are making my point for me—that there is no one-size fits all model of economic development; that in every case you have to take a look at the local conditions.
Nuestras Raices
I will move now to Food. (Slide 38) Nuestras Raices (which in English means our roots) is also located in Holyoke, where one-third of the population is Puerto Rican. Its major project has been converting vacant lots into community gardens that involve over 100 families, producing up to $1,000 worth of produce per plot annually—this adds a substantial amount to the budget of a below poverty line family food budget.
Nuestras also supports an active youth program (Slide 39). Here kids are selling garden produce at the local farmers' market. They also coordinate workshops in nutrition, commercial food preparation, organic farming, and leadership skills.
Recently, using mostly volunteer labor and gifts from local businesses, Nuestras renovated an abandoned property sold to them by the city of Holyoke. (Slide 40) The Centro Agricola has a greenhouse, business incubator, commercial kitchen and a restaurant that uses foods produced from the greenhouse and from a bakery located in the incubator. (Slide 41)
Something to think about here: much of the capital for the Centro didn't take a monetary form but came in the form of generous gifts of goods and labor. Remember the diverse economy diagram that I showed you earlier—the economy of generosity is a big part of our reclaiming a community economy.
Nuestras is trying to offer an alternative model of economic development (Slide 42) —one that is not based on recruiting firms from outside the region, or even growing local traditional firms, and is not restricted to the market sector but instead
· actively involves the community
· builds on what people already know (agriculture, for instance)—this is called starting where you are
· and attempts to deliver what they specifically need, like food security and a place for kids to learn skills
Highland Valley Elder Services Caring Community and CitizenChips
The last example I have is about "caring"—elder care. It's an organization called "Highland Valley Elder Services." (Slide 43) 75 to 85% of care for elders and the chronically ill is provided by family members, friends and neighbors. The market value of this non-market care is approx. $200 billion per year, almost twice the amount spent on paid home care assistants and nursing home care combined. Robert Gallant, the executive director of Highland Valley Elder Services, has been thinking about how his elder care agency could operate to strengthen and support this existing community-based system of care delivery.
Always interested in alternative currencies, Robert traveled around the world doing research on their use. In his travels, he stumbled upon commercial barter networks in California. What separated these from other models is that they became successful and popular in the mainstream—all sorts of businesses were drawn into barter. This was when he realized that elders and other community members could provide elder care in a barter system he calls the Caring Community. (Slide 44)
He designed an alternative currency to facilitate this process called Citizen-Chips. And here is how they work: (Slide 45) Fred hires Dave for part-time flower delivery and pays him in chips. Dave uses the chips to hire Jean to take care of his mother when she gets out of the hospital. Jean buys a bouquet of flowers for a friend at Fred's flower shop.
How do these people find out about each other? They sign up on a list of needs and offers. (Slide 46) These are needs, there's a corresponding one with offers.
This is then mapped using GIS software to show both community needs and offerings (Slide 47). Robert's map covers the entire Pioneer Valley—you can go on line and find someone near you to wash your windows, or drive you to the store.
People can interact with this themselves or they can advertise services and post needs through community mappers. If you are like my mother, you are not going to be doing this yourself. But people can use the help of these community mappers. What this is doing is strengthening an already existing practice and network of care-giving, creating well-being directly.
Constructing the community economy
I am now going to conclude by summarizing the community economy framework. (Slide 48). Although we've been told there's only one route to prosperity or even survival, we have seen examples of communities involved in constructing their own economies through participation, in the face of globalization.
They have been constructing the community economy through:
· Marshalling the surplus produced by export-oriented industries (Slide 49), or
· Meeting local needs directly (keeping your eye on the prize) (Slide 50)
· And something we didn't have time to talk about—restoring and enlarging the commons (the resource base) (Slide 51)
Doing any of these things can have a multiplier effect, contributing to the growth of the local economy—that's the heresy here.
There are also other lessons that we can learn from these communities (Slide 52)
• 1) No one path or one-size-fits-all development; and no magic bullets.
• 2) Start where you are and build on what you have. Most economic development practice starts with local needs and deficiencies, and then tries to fill those needs from outside. It's outward looking and deficit-based. Why not look at local strengths and build on those? Locally rooted and asset-based. People are already doing something right.
• 3) Economic diversity as a strength—recognizing that all these things contribute and could be strengthened (Slide 53). Here you can see again the diverse economies diagram, but this time with the "nasties" taken out—oops! I see I left "theft" in there by mistake.
• 4) Role of the social entrepreneur—dedicating themselves to creating innovative solutions to social problems.
Now, in conclusion, e've seen some social entrepreneurs in this presentation: (Slide 54) Don Jose Maria, Robert Gallant, Michael Garjian. But what the community economy calls us all to do is to become a new kind of economic being, where the economy is not something that does things to us but something we do. Our economy is what we make it. Engaging with the community economy can offer us a different sense of ourselves, of our relations with others and of the possibilities for satisfaction in our lives. And I will end by giving you the web site of the "community economies" project. (Slide 55)
Thank you very much!


text:
WASHINGTON -- Heavy thunderstorms and the possibility of flooding may worsen a dire situation in Fort Washington, Maryland.
"The rain certainly should be a concern," says Maryland state geologist Richard Ortt. "Prince George's County is going to be monitoring the situation very tightly."
A piece of land on a hillside shifted last week. Soil became unstable, leading to severe damage to trees and infrastructure.
Twenty eight homes on Piscataway Drive remain under an evacuation order, and their owners are in the dark about what their future will hold.
Although geologists in Prince George's County are still reviewing soil samples and studying what happened, Ortt believes heavy rain was the initial cause.
"What was likely the catalyst for this was a significantly wet spring," says Ortt. "This rain certainly is not going to help this situation."
Related Stories:
- Slope failure continues in Prince George's County neighborhood
- Piscataway Drive remains closed after partial road collapse
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subset: commoncrawl


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Councillor Peter Clark
Ward 13 Rideau-Rockcliffe
Peter was born and educated in Windsor, Ontario. He attended the University of Windsor where he obtained a bachelors degree in Commerce and later attended the University of Michigan where he obtained his MBA.
He was an active member of the Canada Jaycees from 1972-1982 and was the recipient of a prestigious Senatorship award.
Peter moved to Orleans in 1975 where he worked for the Canadian Transport Commission as a senior economist. He was later elected as Mayor of the Township of Cumberland for three terms (1980-1989).
Peter was Chair of the Regional Municipality of Ottawa-Carleton for two terms prior to amalgamation (1991-1997). During his six years as Regional Chair, Peter had a proven record for improving municipal balance sheets. The Councils he led had only one tax increase. Reserve funds were doubled from $225M to $500M, and debt was reduced by $100M.
After leaving municipal politics, he served as the Executive Director of the Standards Council of Canada (1999-2008).
In 2007, Peter purchased a home in Rideau-Rockcliffe to be close to his family and grandchildren. He became re-engaged in the comings and goings of community life in the city of Ottawa.
Peter believes that good government is our best hope to develop the type of community that reflects the values of Rideau-Rockcliffe residents. His priorities are to:
- Look for 21st century solutions to traffic problems
- Protect the character of our communities
- Work to control taxes and expenditures
- Work to reduce debt and stop the increase in debt financing
- Promote economic development to increase the tax base


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NTSB Identification:
Accident occurred Tuesday, July 16, 2002 in Villavicencio, Colombia
Aircraft: Gavilan 358, registration:
Injuries: 4 Minor.
This is preliminary information, subject to change, and may contain errors. The foreign authority was the source of this information.
On July 16, 2002, at 1000 eastern daylight time, a Gavilan 358 single-engine airplane, Colombian registration HK4217X, was substantially damaged during a forced landing following a loss of engine power while on initial takeoff climb near Villavicencio, in the Republic of Colombia. The commercial pilot and the 3 passengers sustained minor injuries. The airplane, serial number 006, was owned and operated by SAER Air Charters S.A., of the Guaymaral Airport, near Bogota, Colombia. Visual meteorological conditions prevailed for the charter flight for which a visual flight rules (VFR) flight plan was filed. The flight was originating at the time of the accident. The flight was destined to Calamar, Colombia.
The pilot reported hearing a loud bang coming from the engine section and the propeller stopped without further warnings. The airplane came to rest in the upright position in a muddy rice field. The airplane was equipped with a Lycoming TIO-540-W2A engine, serial number L1006-61A, with a reported 260 hours since new.
The accident investigation is under the control and jurisdiction of the Government of the Republic of Colombia. Any further information may be obtained from:
Republica de Colombia
Departamento Administrativo de Aeronautica Civil
Unidad Administrativa Especial
Oficina de Control y Seguridad Aerea
Aeropuerto Internacional "El Dorado"
Santa Fe de Bogota, Colombia
This report is for informational purposes only and contains only information released by, or obtained from the Government of Colombia.
Index for Jul2002
Index of months


text:
Jamie Chung, Ed Helms and Bradley Cooper reunite on the set of the comedy's third installment. Plus: Justin Theroux, Pink, Kim & Kanye and more
Credit: Kevin Winter/Getty
Published: Thursday Sep 13, 2012 | 05:00 PM EDT
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Here's looking at you! Nothing can break Lea Michele and Kate Hudson's focus as they celebrate the show's season 4 premiere in Los Angeles.
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There are 80 results - Show results on a map Print this page
Showing 71 - 80 of 80
This historic hotel, ideally situated in the heart of Grasmere provides high levels of style and luxury. The bedrooms are equipped with smart furnishings, comfortable beds with Egyptian cotton linens,...More about Wordsworth Hotel & Spa
Founded on the site of an abandoned 19th-century gunpowder works, this modern hotel is set in 35 acres of woodland and waterways. Comfortable bedrooms, many with spa baths, vary in size. Extensive pub...More about Langdale Hotel & Spa
Linda and Steve Abbott invite their guests to relax and unwind in the friendly atmosphere of their 17th-century country house.�Guests can look forward to an award-winning breakfast, individually desig...More about Wheelgate Country Guest House
Glenville House is very conveniently located in a pleasant area, and good parking is a bonus. The house is well appointed and the bedrooms have comfortable beds and many accessories to make your stay ...More about Glenville House
Set on the southern approach to the town, this detached house sits in well-landscaped gardens giving views of Loughrigg Fell and Wetherlam. Spacious bedrooms offer a range of styles, and have modern f...More about Cherry Garth
Daffodil Hotel provides very high levels of service, comfort and luxury in a beautiful location on the edge of Grasmere, within easy walking distance of the village. Most rooms have either a lake or a...More about Daffodil Hotel
This popular hotel enjoys a fine location on the edge of the village with spectacular views of the lake and surrounding fells. Attractive bedrooms - some with balconies - are tastefully decorated and ...More about Gold Rill Country House Hotel
A friendly atmosphere prevails at Riverside, a Victorian house situated on a quiet lane by the River Rothay, below Loughrigg Fell. Bedrooms, all with lovely views, are very comfortable, stylishly furn...More about Riverside
Aptly named, Green Gables is a friendly guest house looking onto Elleray Gardens. Just a short walk from the centre, the house is attractively furnished and offers bright, fresh and well appointed bed...More about Green Gables Guest House
Ellerdene is a welcoming guest house situated in the heart of Windermere village, perfectly situated for all local amenities. Accommodation features modern, stylishly designed rooms which are comforta...More about Ellerdene Guesthouse


text:
Humidity 89%
Winds 6.9mph
Humidity 89%
Winds 6.9mph
Humidity 81%
Winds 0.0mph
Dec 20, 2009 9:49 AM by Associated Press
Three southern Colorado counties support a federal-private land swap that could allow construction of a long-contested ski village, but congressman John Salazar hasn't signed on.
Developers of the Village at Wolf Creek and the U.S. Forest Service would swap parcels of about 200 acres each. That would put most of the project away from wetlands and ski runs and place it adjacent to a highway, so no access road would be needed across federal land.
Archuleta, Mineral and Rio Grande county commissioners have voted to endorse the swap. The site is near the point where the counties converge.
A spokesman for Salazar, a Democrat, says he's waiting to see whether more consensus develops before writing legislation to allow the swap.
2 hours ago


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"Heaven and earth will pass away, but my words will never pass away" (Matthew 24:35).
To the Bible Challenge 2007 participants,
"Grace and peace to you from God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ, who gave himself for our sins to rescue us from the present evil age, according to the will of our God and Father, to whom be glory for ever and ever. Amen." (Galatians 1:3-5)
Congratulations! We are almost there! We are running strong in the race set out before us!
We started the Bible Challenge 2007 on Easter 2007 (4/8/2007), and it has been my daily prayer that God would touch those who were and are participating. That His presence would be felt by all, and that He would work in you and through you for His glory.
"I pray that out of his glorious riches he may strengthen you with power through his Spirit in your inner being, so that Christ may dwell in your hearts through faith. And I pray that you, being rooted and established in love, may have power, together with all the saints, to grasp how wide and long and high and deep is the love of Christ, and to know this love that surpasses knowledge—that you may be filled to the measure of all the fullness of God.
Now to him who is able to do immeasurably more than all we ask or imagine, according to his power that is at work within us, to him be glory in the church and in Christ Jesus throughout all generations, for ever and ever! Amen." (Ephesians 3:16-21)
Now, as we near the end of this particular journey, I want to look forward to the next. I pray you will join me once again for a Bible Challenge 2008!
For 2008 I plan to slow things down and incorporate more time for reflection, prayer, meditation, and study.
We will be doing a New Testament in a Year reading plan. Readings will be Monday through Friday with weekends open for reflection, prayer, meditation, and study.
The last reading of the 2007 challenge will be Sunday April 5.
The first reading of the 2008 challenge will be Monday April 6 (posted on Friday April 4), and will end with a final reading on April 7, 2009, less than a week before Easter 2009.
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Ray Vander Laan in Faith Lessons in the dust of the rabbi: becoming a disciple says, "Speaking, teaching, and living the Word of God was (and still is) what makes disciples."
Will you take the challenge? Will you give God 15 to 30 minutes of your day to read His Word?
I pray you will.
The grace of our Lord Jesus Christ be with you!
Mick Dobra,
Chaplain and Founder the Romans 15:4 Project
– "not from men or by man, but by Jesus Christ and God the Father who raised Him from the dead" (Galatians 1:1-2)
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Beauty and Fashion
You're sweet, you're stimulating, and now you can be silky smooth. It's an offer than has likely been on your wish list for years – laser hair removal at a steal of a price? We didn't think you could pass this up.
Aside from achieving permanent hair reduction from a small section of your body (limited to lip, chin, bikini line, ab line, neck line, hands, toes and feet), you'll be getting excellent treatment from the laser hair removal connoisseurs of Abella Salon & Spa. Six sessions are an easy way to remove unwanted body hair in a cinch, eliminating that dreadful worry during impromptu beach dates or afternoon pool outings.
It won't be tough to say sayonara to razor burn in areas all over the body - from chin to bikini, lip, the back of your neck, feet or hands.
Feel comfortable in your own skin with laser hair treatment using innovative technology from Abella Spa, and say goodbye to that pesky stubble!
At Abella Salon and Spa, owner Melodie Schneider strives to provide her clients with personalized attention and a relaxing, therapeutic experience. Melodie is a licensed aesthetician and certified massage therapist who takes pride in customizing each treatment session to her client's needs. Abella offers a wide variety of beauty services including laser hair removal, massages, and facials. She uses only the finest quality products in each and every treatment.
Abella Spa
3979 E. Arapahoe Rd. Suite 205
Centennial, CO 80122
(303) 547-7846


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Alan isn't shy about his past. He's quick to tell you that he started driving imports in 1986 and never looked back. What he can't tell you is why he stopped driving GM vehicles in the first place. All that of course has changed since he started driving his new Yukon Hybrid.
"I never even thought about driving a GM vehicle," admits Alan. But then when the price of gas became more of a factor, Alan and his wife started looking for a greener vehicle option to replace his aging Toyota Sequoia. They began looking around at foreign manufacturers but when a friend suggested the Yukon Hybrid they decided to give it a try.
"You get into the Yukon and you get more confidence, this thing is built really well."
Alan says he was impressed from the start. As someone who does "a lot of highway driving" fuel efficiency is important. When he first got his Yukon Hybrid, Alan called his dealer to make sure his fuel gauge wasn't broken.
"The gas mileage is unbelievable."
Another pleasant surprise the hybrid engine had in store for Alan was its strength. "I have a boat and this thing has more power than you could want. You can be cruising along and when you want to pass someone, it just takes off."
And as someone whose business is risk analysis, Alan pays close attention to security and safety, especially when chauffeuring his seven year old daughter. "I've driven the Yukon in some heavy storms and not once been concerned about slipping."
Alan's hybrid experience has made him a changed man.
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Chronic conditions are long-lasting diseases that cannot be cured, but can be controlled — with lifestyle changes, medications or both. Chronic conditions, which include arthritis, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diabetes and heart disease, are the leading cause of death and disability in the U.S.
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, there are four modifiable risk factors that are to blame for much of the illness, suffering and even premature death associated with premature diseases. These four risk factors are:
By changing your lifestyle — getting more exercise, eating healthier foods, giving up tobacco and reducing alcohol consumption — you can help control the symptoms of (or even prevent) various chronic diseases.
Because lifestyle changes are critical to managing chronic conditions, Parrish Medical Center (PMC) has a number of programs that focus on assessing behaviors and results, changing modifiable risk behaviors, promoting early detection through awareness of symptoms, and establishing proven health self-management skills. These programs include:
Manage Chronic Disease Through Fitness
Visit the Parrish Health & Fitness Center online, or call us at 321-268-6200 or go online to learn about membership and classes.
Cardiac/LowSodium/Diabetic Menu | Download PDF
Copyright © 2014 Parrish Medical Center. All rights reserved.


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By Brittany Cordeiro
As a cancer caregiver, you face unique challenges. The loved one you're nurturing often requires your time, energy and attention, making it hard to focus on your health and wellness.
But an unhealthy caregiver could do more harm than good. Your loved one needs you to stay in fighting shape, so you can provide the care he or she needs. Plus, maintaining a healthy diet and weight helps lower your cancer risks.
Not sure where to start?
"Research shows that making small changes can lead to bigger diet changes over time and better health," says Mary Ellen Herndon, a wellness dietitian at MD Anderson.
Try these smart food tips to maintain good health.
Dine out less
"Restaurant foods are usually loaded with extra fat, salt and calories," Herndon says. "Eating out or getting takeout even just a few times a week can cause weight gain over time."
Continue reading 3 nutrition tips for cancer caregivers.


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John Boehner and Eric Cantor Are Ready to Come Out of Timeout
Someone should have bought Speaker John Boehner a copy of I'm Going to Be a Big Brother! when Eric Cantor became House Majority Leader last January. It may have helped him better adjust to having a new, young member of the Congressional family stealing his spotlight and throwing tantrums about budget negotiations…
When Boehner cut a deal with Obama on the 2011 budget just months into his speakership, he hailed it as a major win in that it sliced tens of billions of dollars from the federal budget. Cantor and other hard-line conservatives privately grumbled that it wasn't enough and that Boehner should have shut down the government, even temporarily, to prove his point.
Several months later, Boehner began secret White House talks with Obama over a "grand bargain" to cut trillions from the budget while simultaneously reforming the Tax Code. After Cantor found out about those talks, he stormed out of debt ceiling negotations chaired by Vice President Joe Biden. Boehner included Cantor in later talks with the president, but no deal was reached.
After rumors that the chiefs of both camps weren't on speaking terms, questions of infighting abounded. Boehner continued to maintain that he and Cantor had no problems. But once everyone left the playroom, it was wedgie time…
The interoffice tensions were so prominent that elected Republican lawmakers were chafing at the public and private tribulations of the ongoing Boehner-Cantor drama — one GOP lawmaker stood up and complained about it in a recent closed-door meeting of House Republicans — and the two operations came to the realization that the constant sparring between their camps could hurt both lawmakers politically.
How sweet. The two are now making efforts to play nicely. Now if only someone could persuade them to do the same with their cousin Obama. That "someone" may end up being the mother of all politicians: Election Day.
Photo by Tom Williams/Roll Call/Getty Images
Tags: Barack Obama, Eric Cantor, House of Representatives, Joe Biden, John Boehner, Republicans, Taxes
About Us
Comedy Central's Indecision is the network's digital hub for news, politics and other jokes: we're here, we're everywhere. We're not affiliated with any television show. We're affiliated with ourselves.


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Gay X-Men to Tarnish the Sanctity of Fictional Marriage
I'm not the first person to point out that superheroes are kind of gay. They wear flamboyant, skintight costumes, lead double-lives, partner up with boy sidekicks and they're often misunderstood and unaccepted by mainstream society.
So, a gay wedding is basically the least homoerotic thing to ever happen in X-Men comics…
In Astonishing X-Men issue 50, out Wednesday, the openly gay mutant hero Northstar proposes to his longtime boyfriend, Kyle, with a same-sex wedding featuring a super guest list to follow next month — as well as sure controversy in some quarters.
This comes just as DC Comics announces it will be turning one of its major characters gay (proving homosexuality is a choice, made by media-savvy comic book editors). I'm sure Marvel hopes the resulting controversy will fuel sales, much as it did for the gay wedding issue of Archie Comics.
The real question is, will pundits take the bait? Will One Million Moms (a few hundred thousand moms short of a million) boycott a comic purchased exclusively by men in their twenties and thirties? Will comic book nerds be turned gay by the surge of gay-themed comics, resulting in thousands of nerds unable to have sex with men instead of women?
Find out in the thrilling conclusion! Same bat-time, same bat-channel (Fox News).
Photo by Scott Gries/Getty Images News/Getty Images
Tags: LGBT, Marriage Equality, Nerdiness
About Us
Comedy Central's Indecision is the network's digital hub for news, politics and other jokes: we're here, we're everywhere. We're not affiliated with any television show. We're affiliated with ourselves.


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"We are in your congregations, your churches. Just think about how many of us there are and how many more of us there are with our families. We want to make friends with you. We want to talk to you. We want to work with you. We have capacities to help. Give us that chance." - Gary, a person with mental illness.
The compassion and concern for individuals, families and communities with mental illnesses led the General Board of Global Ministries to the 1992 General Conference Resolution: "We reaffirm our confidence that God's unqualified love for all persons beckons us to reach out with fully accepting love to all, but particularly to those with disabling inability to relate to themselves or others due to mental illness."
In the Fall of 1998, The United Methodist General Board of Global Ministries, Health and Relief, the Board of Church and Society, Pathways to Promise, and United Methodist Communications sponsored a three-and-a-half hour video teleconference, "Mental Illness: Paint a Different Picture," seen by hundreds of people at dozens of sites around the country.
Since the teleconference, executive staff of Ministries to People with Disabilities at the GBGM, The Reverend Kathy Reeves, has continued to work in partnership with church agencies and the ministry of Pathways to Promise, funded by GBGM, to encourage congregations to reach out to families of individuals with mental illness. "This is an issue that affects the entire community," says Rev. Reeves.
Pathways to Promise, an interfaith program on ministry and mental illness, educates congregations on how to support families -- most often the primary caregivers for people with long-term mental illnesses. One out of four families in the U.S. is affected by mental illness.
The program is racially inclusive. A recent study indicated that African-American families depend more on religious resources than community resources, such as advocacy groups, compared to other ethnic groups.
According to Jennifer Shifrin, executive director of Pathways to Promise, church members may also need to become aware of mental illness because clergy members may be more prone to depression than certain other professions. (Although Ms. Shifrin acknowledges both a biological and environmental foundation to mental illness.)
With clergy and others in emotionally stressful jobs, Ms. Shifrin suspects mental illness "has to do with expectations - not allowing yourself to take care of yourself. This leads to burn out and exhaustion. We are in a gold star society We measure our success with how well we do at work. That can be self-defeating. That's where spirituality and a strong sense of self are really a necessity. So you don't measure yourself by how many widgets you make or how many souls you save," says Ms. Shifrin.
Ms. Shifrin foresees a time in the near future when the stigma associated with mental illness goes the way of cancer years ago when people whispered about the disease. People with mental illness may feel a hushed shamefulness from church members who think the person with the illness "can just pull themselves up by their bootstraps." Or that with a strong faith or a strong will, those who are suffering from mental illness can overcome anything.
Pathways to Promise Compares How Congregations Could React:
When a Person Has Cancer
When a Person Has Mental Illness
Church members can offer the same helping hand to individuals and families with mental illnesses as to those church members who suffer from other diseases by providing support, time, information and prayers.
"The congregation can help. There is this congregation that donates its services. They open the hall so we can have a meeting. We can have a get-together. This is all we ask of you. Just open your door." --Gail, a person with mental illness, who found sanctuary in a church.
For more information on Pathways to Promise, you may call 314-644-8400. To learn more about the video teleconference, "Mental Illness: Paint a Different Picture," see the article, "Faith Communities Care About Mental Illness".
Headline-grabbing violence is not a symptom of the most common forms of mental illness. Many mental health advocates claim that people with mental illness are no more likely to commit violent acts than the population at large.
Violent behavior may be more common in subgroups of mental illness like schizophrenia. However, almost 20 percent of the population lives with depression and 18 percent lives with an anxiety disorder; whereas only about one percent of the population lives with schizophrenia.
December 15, 1999
| Top | GBGM News | Disability Concerns | GBGM |


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Is Multitasking Androids Achilles Heel and its Competitors Edge!
Posted by Simon Walker+ on January 17, 2012
"The more I use Androids competitors the more I start to dislike how Android works" That's my opening statement and now I'm going to explain why! You're probably reading this article, or at least the title...
Filed in: Simon Says


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Hip-hop and fashion have always gone together like suits and ties. Ironically, though, rappers who wear suits and ties belong to the most boring slice of rap's style spectrum, right next to dudes in baggy pants and plain white tees. It's about being flashy. It's not about being like everyone else. ... More >>
Trash Talk is undoubtedly one of the most hyped bands in (and out of) hardcore right now. The Cali crew is the product of spending most of this past decade in a van, traveling across the country to crush audiences, night after night. However, recent years have seen the group enjoy some serious c ... More >>
"Gonna be a crazy one." And that's a promise from the Trash Talk dudes. Tomorrow night, those Cali hardcore punks (AKA Spencer, Sam, Lee, and Garrett) are throwing a totally no-charge, all-ages rager at downtown Miami's Grand Central, with the homie Left Brain of Odd Future. Oh, and it also sta ... More >>
Has anyone seen the '90s? What about the '00s? Somehow, those two decades simply came and went, taking pagers, the newspaper industry, and record stores along with 'em. On the bright side, however, Father Time spared Naughty by Nature's enduring 1993 hit, "Hip Hop Hooray," which turned 20 years ... More >>
Valentine's Day really blows. If you're single, lovey-dovey shit will be rubbed in your face at every turn. And if you're not single, you've got to come up with some kind of sappy, cheesy display of affection or else end up in the dog house. And why? Because Hallmark and the damn chocolate compan ... More >>
While Internet-era culture boosters promote the idea that anyone can write, record, and produce quality music, Tucson-based rapper Murs does not. A veteran hip-hop hustler who broke onto the underground scene as a solo artist when he released F'Real in 1997, Murs encourages artists to think twice ... More >>
See also "Top Ten Musical Makeover Stunts: From Miley Cyrus to Justin Bieber and Micheal Jackson." Miley Cyrus is a terrible troll. We've all seen her new haircut. (If you haven't, then look at it now.) And everyone on the Internet has an opinion, whether they think it's an awkward case of mange o ... More >>
Shrouded in all-black swag, SpaceGhostPurrp can be a seriously mysterious dude. And from the very moment he began haunting the Internet's music blogs in the late winter of 2011, this enigmatically spooky Miami rapper has been carefully cultivating a cryptic mystique. His rhymes sound like the sudd ... More >>
If there's anything we've learned from the Men in Black movies, it's that aliens are everywhere. They could be on the bus, in the break room, or even singing to us on MTV. Those movies always include fun little pop culture cameos and MIB III director Barry Sonnenfeld recently announced the upcoming ... More >>
In two days, millions of non-Irish folks around the world will gather in inauthentic "pubs" for a day of drunken debauchery in the name of St. Patrick. In Miami, however, Tyler, The Creator and his Odd Future Wolf Gang Kill Them All collective will (sweaty) dick slap the Big Mango and Irish tradit ... More >>
"What I want from each and every one of you is a hard-target search of every gas station, residence, warehouse, farmhouse, henhouse, outhouse and doghouse in that area." -- Tommy Lee Jones, The Fugitive You don't have to spend much time at South By Southwest to know that all of the above building ... More >>
Flying Lotus isn't like most acts you'll encounter at Ultra Music Festival. The Los Angeles native, born Steven Ellison and known as "FlyLo" to his fans, doesn't make dance music -- at least not in the traditional sense. The acclaimed knob fiddler (Pitchfork named his Cosmogramma the 14th best ... More >>
Valentine's Day is generally accepted as a stupid holiday for saps, Hallmark and women with no spines. The only thing it's good for is selling candy and giving Hollywood another excuse to make a disgusting and totally implausible rom-coms that no one will remember. Still, being single on Nation ... More >>
Back in April 2012, Odd Future honcho Tyler the Creator "woke up with a sweaty dick," announced an East Coast tour, and snubbed Miami. But that was the last motherfuckin' time that those little OFWGKTA creeps would tell the 305 to go fuck itself. Or not ... Last night, Tyler took to his offici ... More >>
Odd Future? Snow Patrol? Now Rusko? Holy shit, the Fillmore's like Miami's United Nations of live music. Moments ago, Crossfade's inbox was slapped with a show announcement: Dubstep disc jockey and record producer Rusko is headed to South Beach in May! Following the commercial and critical su ... More >>
To close out the year, Crossfade is picking its favorite albums by 305 artists. Check out the full list of Miami's Best Albums of 2011. Spaceghostpurrp Blvcklvnd Rvdix 66.6 (Self-Released) Spaceghostpurrp (AKA Muney Jordan) is a dark ass, blaspheming, postmodern motherfucker. Tracks off 2011's ... More >>
Invented in the late '80s by electronics wizard Roger Linn, the Music Production Center is a pimped-out drum machine on steroids, usually equipped with eight to 16 pressure- and velocity-sensitive pads, multiple MIDI inputs and outputs, a superpowered sequencer, advanced sampling systems, and an ... More >>
Will Das Racist show up at the Sucker Free Awards? We just got off the phone with our bookie. Chasing that Sucker Free paper, Crossfade dropped a fat stack on a four category parlay -- Rookie of the Year, Best Crew, Song of the Year, and Who's Got Next -- and $500 in side bets. Tyler, The Crea ... More >>
Photo by Ian WitlenSee the full 19-photo Odd Future at Fillmore Miami Beach slideshow. Odd Future The Fillmore Miami Beach Monday, October 31, 2011 Better Than: Biting into an apple and finding a rusty, AIDS-infested razor blade. Or getting an SLR slapped out of your hand by Odd Future's Left B ... More >>
Photo by Ian WitlenHalloween's known as a holiday for freaks. Crazy shit goes down, people lose their inhibitions and let loose. For one night every year, you can be whomever you want -- be it a werewolf, skinhead, or the Virgin Mary -- and no one's going to judge you for it. That was the vibe ... More >>
Yesterday, Crossfade squealed, "We hate you, Odd Future." And we meant it. In fact, we loathe Tyler and crew with the face-melting intensity of a meth lab explosion. And that's why we bought six sale copies of Goblin, snatched up a shitload of official Odd Future tour merchandise (sticker set, k ... More >>
Photo by Justin NamonBack when you were just a seven-year-old sugar junkie, Halloween was a pretty simple gig. It was all about dressin' up like a murderer, hittin' the streets after dark, and gettin' that candy. But then you got too old to Trick or Treat. And that's the moment when All Hallows' ... More >>
Signs that the world is coming to end continue to pour in through our Google Alert, the latest involving a totally twisted collaboration between two hip-hop heavyweights and a Canadian minor. Kanye West and Drake are teaming up with Justin Bieber for his forthcoming record Believe. The 17-year ... More >>
"What's you name?" Tyler Okonma asks an audience member in Minneapolis. The guy in the crowd introduces himself as Melvin. Naturally, Okonma replies, "I fucking hate you, Melvin." In a 12-month span, Tyler, The Creator, and his gang of street punks have gone from relative West Coast obscurity t ... More >>
Odd Future Records had zero intention of ever signing anyone. Period. But when the opportunity to lock down Young Nigga came about, the L.A.-based crew couldn't help but offer the dude a deal. That's right ... OFWGKTA has signed an outsider. A press release sent out moments ago states: "While ... More >>
In the beginning, Domo Genesis dropped Rolling Papers, an ode to getting high in the guise of mixtape. Pardon the pun, but it was dope. Now, Odd Future's squinty-eyed stoner is back with a new mixtape, Under the Influence. Yesterday afternoon at 4:20 p.m., Domo released his sophomore effort v ... More >>
Photo by Sneek PeekFrom Brooklyn to the Sunshine State, rapper J'lynn Irving, who simply goes by J'lynn, splits his time between New York City and the South Florida suburbs. Three years ago, J'lynn moved to SoFla with his mom and started working on his rap career. Influenced by fellow New Yorke ... More >>
He's "a fucking walking paradox."In less than a year, the LA-based Odd Future crew's gone from relative obscurity to total fucking superstardom. They're slanging dick with supermodels at Fashion Week, headlining Alexander Wang's frat-themed closing party, and Tyler the Creator's spilling drinks o ... More >>
Loitering outside Burger King. Pimp slapping plastic bitches on a street corner. Bumping Waka Flocka Flame while driving down the block sans safety belts. Yeah, Odd Future crew's hard as fuck, yo. Well before OFWGKTA was on GLADD's radar or Jimmy Fallon was piggybacking Tyler the Creator on nati ... More >>
Mick and Keith might look chummy. But they ain't.Yesterday, Crossfade reported on Steve Albini's recent beef with Odd Future. Here's the gist: After getting stuck on an airport shuttle with the rambunctious hip-hop collective, the notoriously cranky producer and musician wrote a post on his r ... More >>
Over the weekend, famed producer and seasoned independent rock veteran Steve Albini had some choice words for Odd Future Wolf Gang Kill Them All. OFWGKTA and Albini's own Shellac were both booked for Primavera Sound in Barcelona and ended up sharing some time together on an airport shuttle. A l ... More >>
Are Odd Future's stickers really all that "swag"?In conjunction with Odd Future's upcoming tour of the U.S. (and Canada!), the hip-hop collective is offering Golf Wang Tour Swag Packages as part of ticket purchases through their website. The West Coast hip-hop collective is currently offering tw ... More >>
Last night, Tyler the Creator tweeted the meaty schedule for hip-hop collective Odd Future Wolf Gang Kill Them All's upcoming Golf Wang Tour 2011. Not only will the raunchy sultans of swag be performing here in the 305 on Halloween night, but the show is another in a steady stream of solid F ... More >>
The MTV Video Music Awards are a sham. Every year, the network interrupts its regularly scheduled scraping-the-barrel reality television programming to pretend that there are people over at MTV who actually listen to music. To soften the blow of turning its focus away from pregnant teens and p ... More >>
Yesterday afternoon, we reported on the looming protests over the announcement that swag-style rap group Odd Future Wolf Gang Kill Them All would be performing at the Pitchfork Music Festival. The controversy greatly recalls the Eminem Dialogue of the early 2000s in which the platinum cert ... More >>
Tyler, the CreatorThe swag-hop absurdists of rap collective Odd Future Wolf Gang Kill Them are once again being called out for what critics decry as misogyny and homophobia in their lyrics. A few months ago, Sara, from Tegan and Sara, wrote a blog attacking Tyler The Creator, as well as his music ... More >>
Tyler the Creator plays with roaches.Over the past decade, MTV has attempted to murder the art of the music video by giving reality shows incessant airtime and even removing the phrase Music Television from the network logo. But bands and solo acts are still constantly churning out quality video ... More >>
Tyler the Creator isn't the limit of OFWGKTA.With the formal release of Tyler the Creator's first non-self-released full-length record, Goblin, the MC has been the focus of all the hype surrounding Los Angeles-based (and young as hell) hip-hop collective Odd Future Wolf Gang Kill Them All. But ... More >>
It's a weird week for the word "faggot," ain't it? The Chicago Bull's Joakim Noah just got fined a discounted $50,000 for addressing an unruly Heat fan as such during game three of the NBA Eastern Conference Finals in Miami on Sunday. Meanwhile, Goblin, the proper debut album of Tyler, the Creato ... More >>
Last month, Complex reported that Earl Sweatshirt had been tracked down. Odd Future's 17-year old lyrical mastermind was enrolled at the Coral Reef Academy in Samoa, an "off-shore treatment program for at-risk teenage boys." A source said Earl had been sent there by his mom because of his "disre ... More >>
Odd Future had to cut their May 16 Detroit show short when "some asshole decided to continue to throw GLASS BOTTLES [sic] on stage." The incident happened shortly after the "I'm opening a church to sell coke and Led Zeppelin" line from Tyler the Creator's Bastard track, "French." Not surpr ... More >>


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About the Model Secondary School for the Deaf
The Model Secondary School for the Deaf Act (P.L. 89-694) was signed by President Johnson on October 15, 1966, and in May of 1969, the secretary of the U.S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare and the president of Gallaudet College signed an agreement authorizing the establishment and operation of the Model Secondary School for the Deaf (MSSD) at the College. MSSD is now located on the eastern end of the Gallaudet University campus.
Today, MSSD provides a tuition-free comprehensive day and residential four-year high school program for deaf and hard of hearing students from the United States and its territories. MSSD students are expected to graduate ready for the challenges of adult life. It is our goal to provide students with an academically rigorous program so they will become self-directed, independent, resourceful learners who demonstrate essential knowledge, literacy, and the social and communication skills necessary to be effective, productive, and contributing members of society.


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Okay. So the deadline for the Hot Raw Chef Video Recipe Contest is tonight – the fourth of July - at midnight. Super yay! And we get to vote for the Peoples' Choice award – the whole idea of which appeals to me - very All-American. Power to the people! We've got all kinds of entries so voting should be fun. And just like every other voting opportunity with which you've ever in your life been presented, it'll be more important and meaningful, the more people who do it.
Since it's Independence Day, I'm actually feeling a bit patriotic. I can get so down on the world situation sometimes; I forget that I really have it pretty good. I get to vote for all sorts of things and get to exercise my right to free speech with this blog and get to dress up all funky and go to our little home town parade this afternoon. I get to drive, drink clean water and educate my kids for free. I guess I'm back to gratitude – a hot topic among Living Light bloggers right now. I'm grateful that I live here and am able to be the change I want to see in world – to the best of my ability and energy permitting. I guess I'm grateful for having so much personal freedom.
So – do the American thing and vote for your favorite hot raw chef. You can get all the details at www.hotrawchef.com.


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Linus calls Linux 'bloated and huge'
Linux creator Linus Torvalds says the open source kernel has become "bloated and huge," with no midriff-slimming diet plan in sight. During a roundtable discussion at LinuxCon in Portland, Oregon this afternoon, moderator and Novell distinguished engineer James Bottomley asked Tovalds whether Linux kernel features were being …
No surprises here.
Maybe Linus will finally overlook his pride and give up his stubborn decade long argument for feature-bloated monolithic kernels.
Today, with so many drivers and so many different various linux kernel flavors, it's making less and less sense to stick with the monolithic kernel, where code glitches become impossible to isolate and recover from. I'm sick of having to recompile drivers over and over again against each new kernel version.
Instead, an extensible microkernel approach should eventually be adopted such that the base kernel is as simple as possible. Also, drivers should be compiled once and usable on any kernel having the same major version number.
Of course Linus' real reason for pushing the monolithic kernel with no binary compatibility is that it fits in with his philosophy of making it it as difficult as possible to release binary-only drivers. Linus has himself to blame that the source tree has gotten out of control.
I Wonder...
I wonder when the first Microsoft commissioned white papers that quote Linus will be issued? I wonder if they are stupid enough to use the performance gains of Windows 7 over Vista as proof of the superiority of Windows development and ignore the gigantic performance degradation of Vista over XP?
"Linux creator Linus Torvalds says the open source OS has become "bloated and huge," with no midriff-slimming diet plan in sight."
Linux is not an OS, it's a kernel.
"Asked what the community is doing to solve this, he balked. "Uh, I'd love to say we have a plan," Torvalds replied to applause and chuckles from the audience."
Yes, that has always been Linux' problem... no plan, no direction, no engineering, no thinking... only people adding more and more stuff, then replacing some of that with new stuff changing the whole ABI from one release to the next... I wouldn't applaud that, it's kind of sad actually.
"He maintains, however, that stability is not a problem. "I think we've been pretty stable," he said."
I beg to differ.
The plan... it's simple: Kill the Batman.
what problem?
If the kernel is 2% slower per year, but the hardware is 2-10% faster per year... then there is no net problem, is there?
@Lou Gosselin
"Maybe Linus will finally overlook his pride and give up his stubborn decade long argument for feature-bloated monolithic kernels."
Running drivers in user-space would help code-bloat and performance how, exactly? The drivers aren't going to get any smaller - probably the reverse given the relaxed requirements - and running drivers in user-space is probably the best way to kill kernel performance known to man. Case in point - xnu has to be hybrid to avoid being unusable, and it runs like a mangy dog nonetheless.
Code bloat vs Moore's law etc.
AC wrote: "If the kernel is 2% slower per year, but the hardware is 2-10% faster per year... then there is no net problem, is there?"
Why yes, yes there is.
Personally I think it's a damn shame that with today's fire-breathing CPU's, there are many tasks that I could do far quicker on my 20-year-old Commodore Amiga than on some over-bloated modern monster with an OS that takes 1-2GB of RAM just to boot.
In my personal version of utopia, designing products like that should result in jailtime for the coders.
Where is the journalism?
What does RMS have to say Linus may think he's Jesus but RMS is YHW
you mean, we have Linus to thank for the fact that all our hardware isn't run by black box, binary-only drivers?
Thanks, Linus!
So, the Slowlaris Kernel gets faster all the time, while the Linux kernel gets slower.
We quickly need to find a new name for Linux, like Snailux.
Windows comparison unfair?
I wonder if it's fair to compare kernel sizes when the Windows kernel doesn't support nearly as much hardware and as many exotic devices as the Linux one?
Linus answers honestly. Don't see a problem there. Some of you negative commenters forget this man enabled us to have a very flexible OS in every corner of our lives, with all freedoms, in as short a timeframe as 15 years. Have you forgotten how long ago it was that Microsoft started putting out an OS? what are it's limits? Yeah i'll stop there.
as a kernel gain more feature, it became bloated (and full of bugs).
maybe now the linuxoid will think twice before bashing windows?
Re: No surprises here.
First of all, Linus is right. I have had at least 2 machines which were perfectly usable as media center client tipped over into unusability. They are now too slow (from 2.6.18 to 2.6.26).
Last 10 releases is roughly since NFSv4 has fully gone in. The ghastly thing has brought a few regressions that had not 2%, but 92% performance drops. Even with most of the problems fixed there is a boatload of places screaming for optimisation as of the last time I looked at it (2.6.28). Iteration across all elements is used instead of hashing and so on. Add to that slowdowns from moving portions of USB, parallel, etc to userland (hello Microkernel fans) and the picture is more or less complete - it definitely needs a feature freeze for at least a year in many areas until the code is sped up and optimised properly. Microkernel has nothing to do with it.
Using iteration to walk an ever-expanding permissions cache will be slow in microkernel. Same as in monolithic.
Bloat's The Thing
"....streamlined, small, hyper-efficient kernel..." Looks like Windows envy to me spawned by a perceived need to "catch up" to Windows and win the hearts of the unwashed masses.
Before the age of indoor plumbing, the only water leaks you had were in the roof. With the advent of in-wall water piping came leaks, corrosion, and clogs which mandated a greater need for maintenance. Whenever you add features, you add problems; that's just the nature of the beast.
If Linux actually expects to compete with Microsoft Windows, then bloat is the way to go. Well, unless you could convince the common user to accept less, which isn't likely.
Linus T. is still living in dreamland.
I like it when people do not spam marketing on the world.
it's only bloated if you build and load it all
The kernel source is bloated, but it is only a template for a kernel.
It's not a requirement to build and load it all.
Many small and unbloated kernels are built from the bloated source.
What everyone is missing
The Linux kernel comes in Source Code form. If you're really desperate to squeeze every last trace of performance out of it, you can trim it right down to just the bits you need. And as recently as five years ago, that's exactly what people were doing. With 2.2 and 2.4, it was entirely normal to compile your own kernel: you compiled the filesystem and chipset drivers hard into the kernel, and built modules only for the hardware you actually had (or thought you might acquire).
Now that Linux is mainstream, and now processors are riduculously fast (probably due to the demands made by other operating systems), it's simply got past the point where anybody can be bothered to strip it down anymore and reached the point where you can spend more time deciding what not to include in the kernel, than you actually save by leaving it out. It probably isn't helping that hardware manufacturers all insist to make products that are largely incompatible with one another, thus requiring separate kernel modules, either.
But one thing is certain: If there's a gap in the market for a stripped-down Linux, it *will* be filled, one way or another.
This is one thing Apple actually got right. By controlling the hardware on which OSX runs, they at least know what they need to put in the kernel and what they can leave out.
@Anonymous Coward 2:20
Aaaah - I hate that argument! Just because computers are getting faster does not mean we should write our code less well, less efficiently 'because we have room too'. Write the same streamlined efficient code you wrote for old, "slow", memory challenged machines and it'll run like s**t off a stick. Write bloated inefficient code because there's no need to bother putting the effort into good programming then it will run OK, but give it to a colleague with an older slower machine and you're stuck.
They should put a contract on every copy of every programming language tutorial book, every computer science course, every training course, that requires the owner/attendee to promise to endeavour to write efficient code. If they can't promise that or don't see why they should then they should be shown the door.
Re: Funny.
Not a fanboy of either MS or Linux, use them both at work and have no real preference (maybe I'm just not techie enough!), but:
"Linux getting slower and bloated while Windows (7) getting faster and leaner."
Seriously? That's your argument?
Faster and leaner than what? Vista? An OS that Microsoft wants condemned to the recycle bin of history? That's like gaining 6 Stone last week, but boasting I've lost 2lb this week, aren't I amazing! It just doesn't fly...
Why closed source software works.
Projects this large, especially OSes, require that there is someone there to kill certain ideas before they become a problem. Its this sort of feel-good attitude that infests the open-source community that is killing it. What we have is developer that are trying to contribute by adding functions are extra features to things, but aren't good enough to make them lean and responsive. But no one wants to tell them that their code sucks and that they should do more practice and studying before it can be included. They don't want to do this because it will make them look like the bad guy, look like he is against the community and be flamed to hell and back.
The community reminds me of how current society is going. This whole "we are all winners and we should accept our differences", fuzzy warm feeling political correctness. This sort of bland non-offensive, culture-neutral crap. Yes, people should be treated fairly, based on their merits, but everyone should be told when they make mistakes. We only get better if we know we made a mistake. I mean, we are all adults, we should be able to handle such minor things, if someone tells me that 'your work sucks' I am not going to take it personal, I am going to work and try to show him wrong.
Really, its the community that is destroying itself. I was once a Zealot myself, but then I saw the dark side of the community. I saw the arrogance of the senior community members, constantly believing that their were always right and 'correcting' other people's work without giving them any information on how they can improve their code. I saw the constant in-fighting and power struggles amongst the project, each believing that they should be in charge of the project. I've seen the completely new programmers (Usually a fresh CS graduate, or sometime a high-school student) who've dove right in to projects messing things up code, trying to apply every rule they learned school (Usually rules that only apply to writing in BASIC or Java) and destroying some of the most elegant code I've ever seen, especially not documenting their code (Or sometime Over-documenting their code, take a look at the config file for Lynx if you want an example of what I am talking about). I've seen hard working, highly skilled developers sidelined because they don't just don't have the courage to say what they think. But the worst thing I saw was the near unlimited army of users that are constantly white-washing everything, trying to paint everything with puppies and kittens, completely ignoring the elephants in the room, these are the ones that pushed me to leave Open-source, and programming in general behind, to be the cynical, miserable bastard I turned into when I turned 21.
I congratulate Linus on coming out and addressing what has been ignored for the last several years, I hope more people start to speak out and maybe open-source may once again be respectable in my eyes. Hes is just a few years too late. I wholly agree that the Kernel has become too-bloated, there is so much that doesn't need to be there. Thre is far too much support for far too many devices built-in, sure it will support some obscure system bus that was made some manufacturer for only 2 years, but who the fuck cares? When was it said that the needs of the few have to outweigh the needs of everyone else? Why has society done this too? Why must I censor myself because it may offend someone? When did we become slaves to lawsuits and fines, afraid to say even the smallest thing to prevent alienating a small group of people? When did we move from 'rule of the majority, protection for the minority' to 'rule by special interest, fuck the majority, screw the other 98% of society, they don't know what it means to be oppressed'. When?
All Aboard the Minix Train
The Linux train will be docking in the station soon, passengers wishing to continue their journey should proceed to platform 3 where the Minix bullet train is awaiting.
Always a trade off
Microsoft learned the hard way with Vista that OS efficiency is becoming important to the "average user" again - Vista felt like treacle on hardware that XP felt like lightning on and without giving the user that all important sense that it was really doing more for it. Linux needs to be careful not to cross this line, if indeed it hasn't already - these days when selecting an OS for my older boxes I'm generally finding XP gives me a more optimal experience for the resources.
I know there are some nice skinny distros out there that will run quite nicely on the older hardware but often this involves either compromising the user experience or the ease of access to the software I want - sure these are generally things you can work around but when XP is going to do the job and for a fraction of the effort why bother?
Re: Bloat's the thing
' "....streamlined, small, hyper-efficient kernel..." Looks like Windows envy to me'
And as for the earlier "Linux getting slower and bloated while Windows (7) getting faster and leaner.", have you actually *used* Windows recently, Mosh? As a software developer, I need to regularly flip between XP, Vista and Win7 on the same hardware and whether you are at the low or high end, XP is *way* faster every time.
Linus is just being honest. *All* operating systems are getting bloated, even his.
It's not all doom and gloom.
When I upgraded my Lenovo laptop from Debian 3.1 to Debian 4.0 it got noticeably faster at booting.
On the other hand, the keyboard and touchpad occasionally stop working now and I don't know how to bring them back to life without a reboot. It might be a hardware problem, and if it's software then I would guess it's more likely a problem in the X.Org driver than the kernel. It doesn't happen often enough for me to be sufficiently motivated to investigate further, and you can blame the speed of rebooting for that. :-)
I see Debian 5.0 is out now. Do I risk it?
If this had been MS
It would have been marketed as feature rich and compatible, If this were Apple we wouldn't have heard anything and the fans would make excuses that its feature rich and compatible.
Linux may lack a bit of direction, but I'd rather have people who create the OS for the love of doing it than because it makes them big bucks.
Re: Funny
Yeah, if the trend continues, somewhere around 2099 we'll all be switching to Windows.
Quickfix: stick a pretty front end on the kernel compiler that automagically does all the complex stuff depending on your choices for the simple stuff; add some fancy hard ware analysis bits; slap the whole lot in a bootable CD image; bingo - custom lean kernels.
I haven't noticed it myself, but if Linus says so, I'm inclined to take his word for it. However, his "slow and bloated" kernel is still noticably slimmer and quicker than any other kernel that I run- and hell, my netbook flies under linux, crawls under windows (though of course, some of this is down to Windows userspace bloat, also).
@Sam Liddicott
Yes and No.
Compiling your own kernel with only the features you require will always be quicker than running the 'catch-all' kernels supplied by the distros.
However, the problem comes when core parts are modified to support new features, and that code is not fully optimised. You need that chunk of the kernel in your own, hand-rolled kernel, but it is slower than the code in the previous release due to modifications, so your new kernel is more bloated and slower.
Linux should aim for quality
instead of quantity. The Linux code base is 10 millions line of code. ONE SINGLE KERNEL. The entire Windows NT was 10 millions LOC. I think Linus should reconsider, and have a plan instead of redesigning everything all the time.
When he states that they fix bugs faster than they add code, so what? The code they bug fixed will soon be swapped out to new code that contains new bugs. It doesnt matter if they fix bugs, because that code will soon be swapped out. And again and again. This is the reason Linux has no stable ABI, and this is one of the prime reasons Linux is unstable.
Even Linux kernel developer Andrew Morton complains about the declining quality of the Linux kernel. His words:
Q: Is it your opinion that the quality of the kernel is in decline? Most developers seem to be pretty sanguine about the overall quality problem. Assuming there's a difference of opinion here, where do you think it comes from? How can we resolve it?
A: I used to think it was in decline, and I think that I might think that it still is. I see so many regressions which we never fix.
Wot he said (Sam Liddicott)
Otherwise the Acer Aspire One wouldn't have you logged in in 12 seconds. And the kernel is stable. And the kernel is faster than Windows and MacOSX. Windows 7 and Snow Leopard are only now trying to speed things up. And how? By dropping features. With Linux the user can choose the features he wants to run with.
What Ever Happend to....
Recompiling the kernel for set machines for speed?
The bigger picture
Any distro ( Linux, Windows or other ) consists of a number of core essentials; kernel, drivers, protocol stacks, file system handlers and applications. The problem seems to be in how that is divvied -up; what's installable at runtime, what's compiled into the kernel, and it stands to reason the more pre-compiled into the kernel, or essential to load at runtime, the more bloated an OS as a whole becomes.
As Sam Liddicott says, it's entirely possible to build lean Linux kernels, and distros for that matter, and XP Embedded does the same for Windows. But that approach creates OS's for specific machines or a subset, not a fit for purpose OS for any and everything a user may have or want in the future, which is what a Desktop environment is.
Disk footprint is entirely different to run time memory footprint and execution speed so the approach to bloat should be towards lean and mean kernels, with the user able to add or remove drivers, protocol stacks, file systems and apps at runtime. Drivers in user-space may not be acceptable as Steen Hive notes but that doesn't mean they have to be pre-compiled into the kernel. Lou Gosselin is right to put the blame on "feature-bloated monolithic kernels", and it's time to fix that; Linus has dug his own hole and needs to get out of it.
Bloat is anything a particular user doesn't want or need but cannot be got rid of, so come on Linux guys and gals - and Linus in particular - show us how it should be done, don't just accept the "unacceptable but unavoidable" shrug of the shoulders and resignation to it.
At least with linux you can cut out the bloat
and compile your own kernel if you so wish.
Something Mosh Jahan will wish he could do when W7 has had a couple of service packs and is back to being Vista.
Re: what problem? (AC 02:20)
I see. Who are you astroturfing for, Microsoft or Intel?
Yeah, and it's a shame the marketing is so dismal to.
How many psychiatrists...
...does it take to change a light bulb?
Only one, but the light bulb must "want" to be changed.
At least Linus admits the problem and states it openly; that's the first step towards a solution.
Microsoft, along with many other commercial organisations, is unable to admit to problems like this, not because they are "evil", but because it becomes a financial issue with stock prices falling and investors and internal politics getting in the way of engineering solutions.
Fortunately the FOSS world is able to say and do things that commercial organisations can't, and that at least puts the commercial organisations under some pressure to improve products.
If Windows 7 is better than Vista, it will be in some part due to competition from Linux (remember the first Netbooks?); would Windows 7 have even been delivered without the threat from Linux, or would Microsoft still be trying to push Vista onto us?
RE: Funny!
Mosh Jahan wrote: "Linux getting slower and bloated while Windows (7) getting faster and leaner."
Yeah, that's like saying "I saw Kate Moss eating a few chips - but Mealoaf is on a diet"
Would that be the same performance-lite kernel...
...that runs on 19 0f the 20 fastest supercomputers and the vast majority of the next 480?
Oh, it's customisable, you say? You don't need to use everything it comes with?
Who'd have thought it?
For years, we have known that compiling your own kernel is cool and results in a faster kernel.
For years, we have complained that ordinary users won't use Linux.
For years, ordinary users have feared Linux because it's not easy to install or use.
More recent distros are much more user friendly precisely because the kernel is so bloated.
So what do we want - a universal kernel that will run on pretty much anything, or some form of hideous hardware scanning autocompilers that recompile the kernel as soon as you plug in a new USB device?
It's a little like Apple's iPhone business model: it sucks, but 90% of the planet likes it, so we happy few will have to live with it.
@Crazy Operations Guy
"But no one wants to tell them that their code sucks and that they should do more practice and studying before it can be included."
Try and submit some sucky code to the linux kernel devs, and someone will definitely tell you that your code sucks.
"They don't want to do this because it will make them look like the bad guy, look like he is against the community and be flamed to hell and back."
When you get a major kernel dev, or even Linus himself, saying this, people tend to side with them. ;)
Not that I've submitted code to the kernel, I'm not good at C. But I have made a fool of myself on LKML and the replies were a little scathing. Certainly taught me to double-check things before clicking "Post".
In the past
In the past, someone would come up with some metric showing how the linux kernel had slowed down from previous releases. The next efforts were then spent on fixing whatever had slowed the kernel down.
So all they need to do is develop a set of metrics that demonstrate and quantify the problem, determine where the problems lie in the code, and then fix it. Easy :).
Yeah maybe so, but at least we can have an honest and open discussion about the problems in Linux, with a possibility of some action. Windows what you got? A lot of whingeing and a hell of a lot of praying and hoping Billy and the boys will fix your problem! If not, nevermind there'll be a new version of the O/S along in, oh lets say 7 years time?!!?
@Ken Hagan
Correct me if I am wrong, but part of the advertising for Snow Leopard is that it is smaller and faster than the previous version, but I don't suppose that Linus really wants to get into a comparison with OSX?
@Northern Monkey & Others
"Just because computers are getting faster does not mean we should write our code less well, less efficiently 'because we have room too'. Write the same streamlined efficient code you wrote for old, "slow", memory challenged machines "
This sort of thing shows you up as 'not a software developer' or if you are, please god don't let you be one that i have to work with.
Old 'streamlined' software, was streamlined because it had to be, it sacrificed stability and maintainability in order to maintain execution speed and a small memory footprint. People don't write code that streamlined anymore 'on purpose' as it leads to problems. It's often easier to re-write large chunks of it than make the smallest updates. People were writing it like that because they absolutely had to, not because they wanted to!
Would you rather your software crashed constantly, or whenever it did just gave you an unhandled exception, like in the good old days? Or would that the coder used a few, extremely innefficcient, checks on responses to make sure it either continued working, or gave meaningful errors.
As a developer, i know it's much slower to read things dynamically from config files, than to hard code them, but i still read them dynamically, as it means i can update them in seconds, rather than searching for masses of hard coded values, and recompiling the whole lot.
Remember the Y2k bug, 2 digit dates were used to streamline memory usage and processing power as it was expensive back then! If that happened again with modern code (significant change to the date format), i would hope it would just be a small update to the date type/class and a recompile.
Perhaps kernel code is different, but any halfway competant developer of most other software will be continually sacrificing execution speed and memory usage, for maintainability and stability, not just because they feel like it. Functions, no chance, all that mucking about swapping values on and off the stack is inefficient! Try/catch blocks are horrifically inefficient, but the core functionality of most error trapping!
There are reasons that companies/banks hire armies of assembler developers to make the smallest changes to their batch processing, as small inefficiencies can make hours of difference in those volumes, but it takes a long time to make negligibly small changes, and is mostly indecipherable to another person without taking a lot of time to investigte. Not to mention the smallest error causes the whole thing to fall over.
Yes, some software is inefficient without any need, and that should be eliminated, but don't just assume that because newer software has more of an overhead, and runs slower than older stuff, that there is necessarily anything wrong with it!
So ...
Who here actually thinks that Linux is slower and less-efficient than windows? Even with a full-bloat kernel any Linux distro will match performance or exceed it against Windows every time, even on inferior hardware.
Try file serving, database access, high-thoughput processes and processor-intensive loops and such like -- Linux tends to seriously outperform Windows every time.
Now, since most real-world Linux custom installs have a custom-compiled kernel anyhow, this is a bit of a non-story.
The first thing I always do
Is recompile the kernel to be modular and only use the hardware I've got installed..mind you, the source is now HUUUUGE but the source is supposed to cover everything it's installed on, and most (not all) of the main distros run a big monolithic kernal to make sure you don't have any problems at install.
@ Edwin
"So what do we want - a universal kernel that will run on pretty much anything, or some form of hideous hardware scanning autocompilers that recompile the kernel as soon as you plug in a new USB device?"
Actually, that's got legs.
Put a bloated catch-all kernel on the install disc, but also provide an advanced "super racing tune-up" installation option that will compile a brand new kernel with support for the auto-detected hardware and any more that the user selected (either from a menu, or just by having the user plug in their USB devices one at a time and auto-detecting them). After all, we know which modules we loaded in the first place, and which ones go with the new devices ..... well, they're obviously the ones we need to compile. Display a warning that this will take a long time and this is the last chance to bail out. Use a bootloader that supports multiple kernels, so you can start up in "super fast" mode (with your custom kernel) or "failsafe but slower" mode (with the stock one).
Now, if the user later acquires a new piece of hardware for which they didn't compile a driver module but the Source is in the Tree, the required module can always be built at a later date. Even if it is some device that needs its driver to be compiled "hard" into the kernel, or requires a new Kernel Source Tree to be downloaded, it will only be necessary to boot failsafe and rebuild the custom kernel.
This whole process can of course be almost fully automated, perhaps with a progress bar or even an amusing slideshow, for the sake of people who presumably have difficulty remembering how to spell "make".
He should have thought about it tobegin with
Having every single driver in the universe shoehorned inside the kernel definetly contributes for the vast majority of the bloat.
The Linux community is still extremely offensive against drivers that are not bolted inside the kernel.
So the problem was created from the conception.
@Crazy Operations Guys
Seriously, fact check. Linus and his lieutenants(sp?) have absolutely no problem tearing your patch to shreds, rejecting it because it's useless or just plain doesn't fit with the kernel.
They have no problem with being seen as the bad guys.
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