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Spokesperson Nuland on the Two-week Ceasefire in Sudan
This week's announcement by the Government of Sudan to establish a two-week unilateral ceasefire in Sudan's Southern Kordofan state is a positive initial step toward bringing stability and relief to those affected by violence since early June. The United States strongly urges the Sudan People's Liberation Movement-North to show the same leadership and declare a two week ceasefire as well.
While we are encouraged by this announcement of a unilateral ceasefire and renewed discussions between the Government of Sudan and the Sudan People's Liberation Movement-North, the parties must immediately return to talks to agree to a full cessation of hostilities and a resolution of the political future of Southern Kordofan and Blue Nile. The Framework Agreement signed on June 28 in Addis Ababa is a strong foundation for these talks.
The Government of Sudan must allow immediate and full access to humanitarian organizations so that they can provide much needed relief to the people of Southern Kordofan. We strongly urge both sides to refrain from using a ceasefire to strengthen any military positions.
The United States supports the call by the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights for a full investigation of violations of human rights and international humanitarian law in Southern Kordofan. Those responsible for attacks on civilians must be held accountable for their actions.
Two New Sudans: A Roadmap Forward
Chairman Kerry, Ranking Member Lugar, Members of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, thank you for the opportunity to be here to discuss the historic achievement symbolized by South Sudan's independence and the opportunities and challenges ahead as Sudan and South Sudan seek to define their future relationship with each other and the international community.
I will discuss below the many tasks and challenges that lie ahead. But first we should recall that a fundamental objective of the 2005 Comprehensive Peace Agreement was to provide the people of southern Sudan a choice whether to continue within one country or to separate. The people made that choice in January, voting for separation, and the independence of South Sudan was achieved July 9 without major conflict and with the recognition of the Government of Sudan. All those, in the Congress, among the many public organizations and advocates, the government entities and individuals over two administrations, all those who worked for this over many years should take pride and joy in this achievement.
I was in Juba last Saturday for South Sudan's independence ceremony. It was a very moving occasion. As President Obama said in his statement recognizing South Sudan, the day reminded us "that after the darkness of war, the light of a new dawn is possible." Tens of thousands of people endured sweltering heat for hours to celebrate the birth of their new nation. Sudan was the first country to recognize South Sudan's independence. This was a historic achievement that represents a new beginning for the people of South Sudan as well as those of Sudan.
Mr. Chairman, this achievement was far from inevitable. Just a year ago, the peace process between the Government of Sudan and the Sudan People's Liberation Movement was stalled. Many doubted whether it would be possible to have an on-time, peaceful referendum for Southern Sudan and whether the Government of Sudan would ever accept the results. A return to open conflict seemed very possible. During that time, President Obama committed to reenergizing the peace effort, and since then, we have intensified our diplomatic engagement with the CPA parties as well as our partners in the African Union, IGAD, Europe and the United Nations. The President himself, the Vice President and his entire national security team have been involved in this effort around the clock. We are grateful for the support that this committee and you in particular, Mr. Chairman, have given to this effort. We also appreciate the efforts that so many Americans have made to keep a spotlight on the situation in Sudan.
Over the last year, the leaders of Sudan and South Sudan have demonstrated their capacity to work together on the major task of separation and to overcome great odds in their search for peaceful completion of the CPA. Nevertheless, this period has also been marked by armed clashes along the border, a crisis in Abyei, and fighting currently under way in the northern state of Southern Kordofan. Several critical issues regarding relations between the two states that were to be negotiated by July 9 have not been resolved. Thus the situation remains fraught with serious threats to peace. The two states must work to rekindle the spirit of cooperation that was so evident after the referendum of January 9 and which was promised again by the two leaders in the ceremony of July 9.
The CPA parties have made some progress in their negotiations over the past few months, but as I indicated above some of the most important issues namely oil, Abyei and citizenship remain unresolved. How these outstanding issues are managed over the near term will define the future relationship between Sudan and South Sudan. At the IGAD Summit on July 4, President Bashir and President Kiir committed to continue negotiations beyond July 9. We are urging the parties to quickly return to the negotiating table in the coming days and set a firm deadline for completing this unfinished business. The parties should work with the support of the African Union High-Level Implementation Panel (AUHIP) to finalize mutually-beneficial arrangements, in particular, oil revenues, citizenship, Abyei, and their shared border. Allowing these issues to linger without resolution for too long could destabilize the future relationship between Sudan and South Sudan.
Of particular importance is the contentious issue of Abyei. After months of rising tensions and a buildup of forces by both sides, the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF) forcefully took over the disputed area of Abyei in May. An estimated 100,000 people were forced to flee their homes. After weeks of intense negotiations, the parties signed an agreement on June 20 outlining temporary arrangements for Abyei, to include the establishment of a new UN peacekeeping force in Abyei and the redeployment of all Sudanese military forces from the area. Secretary of State Clinton met with the parties in Addis Ababa during these talks and played an important role in finalizing this deal. We then led efforts in the UN Security Council to quickly secure a resolution authorizing this new peacekeeping force, which will consist of up to 4,200 Ethiopian peacekeepers.
The violence that flared in Abyei cannot be allowed to return and jeopardize the larger peace. It is critical that the parties move forward with genuinely implementing this agreement over the coming weeks as they continue to work toward a final arrangement on Abyei. The Ethiopian peacekeepers have begun deploying to Abyei. The SAF and Sudan People's Liberation Army (SPLA) must follow through with their commitment to withdraw their forces. Conditions must be put in place to allow those displaced from Abyei to voluntarily return home in safety and dignity as soon as possible. Enormous damage was done to homes and other structures in Abyei and much was looted during the SAF take-over. Considerable assistance will therefore be needed for those returning home. We are working closely with the Ethiopian peacekeeping force, the United Nations humanitarian agencies, and our own USAID to arrange support for a safe, voluntary return. At the same time, as part of their negotiations, the parties need to resolve Abyei's final status. Negotiations on this matter were delayed by the SAF take-over of the area and the extensive negotiations for assuring the departure of military forces from there. This delay was costly. It will take weeks for the Ethiopian forces to be fully deployed and some time for the displaced to feel it safe to return.
Negotiations on the oil sector are equally important, but they must move on a quicker timetable. By the end of July, there has to be an understanding of how oil will be marketed and sold and to what extent the SPLM will provide some tapering off of reductions of income to the north. Agreement is made more difficult, however, because the SPLM does not want to make such a decision without final agreements on Abyei, the border, and perhaps some other issues. We are thus faced with conflicting timelines. In this situation, it is imperative that if there is no final resolution of oil revenue distribution, there must be an interim agreement by the end of July. Each side has claimed it is ready to shut down the oil flow if there is no agreement, positions that if acted upon would only hurt both sides and above all the people of all Sudan. Thus this issue demands action very soon.
Mr. Chairman, beyond their negotiations with each other, Sudan and South Sudan must also work to establish peace within their respective borders. Despite their separation, both countries have significant diversity and must decide how they will manage that diversity over the coming years. Most immediately, we remain deeply concerned about the situation in the northern border state of Southern Kordofan, an area that is home to tens of thousands of SPLA fighters. The people of Southern Kordofan and Blue Nile were promised in the CPA that their political interests would be addressed in a process of popular consultations. Unfortunately, those consultations have not occurred in Southern Kordofan. Tensions increased in Southern Kordofan following the state's heavily-contested elections in May. The SPLM refused to accept the results of the election in which the sitting Governor was declared the winner. It was in this atmosphere that the Government of Sudan issued an order to the SAF to dissolve the Joint Integrated Units and forcibly disarm SPLA units that remained in the state. On June 5, intense fighting broke out between the SAF and SPLA forces in the state. To date, the fighting has continued, with the SAF carrying out aerial bombardments of SPLA areas. We are extremely concerned by credible allegations of targeted and ethnic-based killings and other gross human rights abuses. These abuses must end, an investigation must be conducted, and perpetrators must be held accountable. The UN estimates that 73,000 people have been displaced by the fighting, and critical access and resupply routes for humanitarian agencies have been blocked.
Negotiations over Southern Kordofan began in Ethiopia in late June under the auspices of the AUHIP. The Government of Sudan and the SPLM-North signed a framework agreement on June 28 outlining new political and security arrangements for Southern Kordofan and Blue Nile states. This agreement has the advantage of calling for addressing political issues at the same time as security ones, which is indispensable for reaching an agreement to cease hostilities and lay the groundwork for a longer term settlement. Unfortunately, President Bashir has raised problems with the framework agreement, which puts negotiations at risk. We continue to call on the parties to return to the negotiating table, to recognize the need to address both political and security issues, and to agree on a cessation of hostilities which would allow unfettered humanitarian access. Despite the opposition of Khartoum, we also continue to call on the Government of Sudan to accept a continued UN presence in the two states of Southern Kordofan and Blue Nile to support a cessation of hostilities, humanitarian access, and the establishment of new security arrangements. We believe, and we know that much of the international community agrees, that it is in their interest to do so. The Security Council has expressed its readiness to authorize continued UN operations if Khartoum consents.
Within Sudan, we also remain deeply concerned about the security and humanitarian crisis in Darfur. Clashes continue to occur in North and South Darfur between the Government of Sudan and an alliance of Darfur rebel groups, notably the Sudanese Liberation Army and the Justice and Equality Movement. The SAF continues to use aerial bombardments as well as proxy militias as part of its military strategy against the movements, thereby resulting in civilian casualties. Conflict and widespread insecurity impact the humanitarian situation negatively and hamper humanitarian organizations from carrying out their activities in the deep field. The GOS continues to obstruct access of UN-African Union peacekeepers and humanitarian organizations struggle to obtain visas and travel permits from the GoS, which undermine the effectiveness and independence of humanitarian efforts. We have consistently pressed the Government of Sudan to provide full and unfettered access for aid workers and peacekeepers, in order to deliver humanitarian assistance across Darfur. Our own humanitarian staff is only able to access Darfur with high level visits. Otherwise, operational access is simply not possible. Although there has been some limited IDP resettlement in West Darfur and a significant increase in seasonal IDP returns for cultivation, around 2 million Darfuris overall remain in IDP camps. Approximately 70,000 additional persons have been displaced since December 2010.
We have invested considerable efforts in pushing the Government of Sudan and the armed movements to commit to serious negotiations in Doha. Two of Darfur's rebel groups, the Liberation and Justice Movement (LJM) and the Justice and Equality Movement (JEM) have participated in the Doha negotiations. The LJM may sign a peace agreement with the Government of Sudan this week; however LJM has little military strength on the ground. Negotiations between JEM and the Government of Sudan have been suspended since early May, and JEM is currently reconsidering its position on the results of the Doha process. We have emphasized to the Government of Sudan that an agreement with the LJM would be a positive step toward peace, but that it must continue to negotiate with the other armed movements. We also will be applying pressure on the non-negotiating armed movements to return to peace talks.
The position of the armed movements is also of concern. Several of them insist that they do not wish to negotiate on Darfur so much as on changes to the regime in Khartoum, and in some cases are determined to pursue that objective through fighting in and beyond Darfur. This position does not permit realistically peace talks with the Government of Sudan. We will also continue to encourage the non-negotiating armed movements to return to peace talks on Darfur. While the Doha process has now come to an end, other venues can be developed if talks are possible. In this regard, we are currently consulting with the AU, the UN and our international partners on a way forward after Doha that builds on progress achieved in Doha and leads to a more comprehensive settlement.
Any successful peace process must engage not only the armed movements, but also the people of Darfur. The UN and the AU have put forward the initiative of a Darfur Political Process, through which Darfuris would express their views on the way forward for a political settlement. However, we feel strongly that the current security and political environment would not lend itself to a credible or legitimate peace process in Darfur. For this reason, we will be coordinating with the AU and the UN on the necessary enabling conditions that we believe must be in place before the U.S. will support a Darfur-based process.
Mr. Chairman, Sudan needs to end its isolation in the international community and secure a more prosperous future for its people. It has a historic opportunity to do so with the completion of the CPA. Sudan faces an uncertain economic future as it adjusts to a significant loss of oil revenue and continues to shoulder nearly $38 billion of debt. Undoubtedly, Sudan is in need of debt relief, access to the resources of the International Financial Institutions, and a sustainable climate for private investment. Provided Sudan fulfills its obligations under the CPA, the United States is prepared to help.
We have laid out a roadmap to normalize our bilateral relations and taken initial steps in that direction. In February, following a successful referendum, the President began the process of reviewing Sudan's designation as a state sponsor of terrorism. Last month, the President dispatched Deputy National Security Advisor John Brennan to Khartoum to discuss this review and to demonstrate our commitment to this process. Additionally, we have been actively involved in the World Bank technical working group to review the process for Sudan's debt relief. We have also approved licenses for several American companies wishing to participate in agricultural development in the north.
However, we can only move forward with improved bilateral relations, as outlined in the roadmap, if the Government of Sudan fulfills its obligations under the CPA and demonstrates its commitment to peace within its borders and with its neighbors. A failure to reach a cessation of hostilities will negatively impact this process. U.S. government action to lift remaining U.S. economic sanctions and to request legislative assistance with the removal of applicable foreign assistance restrictions also will be dependent on Sudanese actions in Darfur. We will expect to see concrete actions on humanitarian access, freedom of movement for UNAMID peacekeepers, engagement in peace talks, an end to the use of proxy militias and targeting of civilians, and an improvement in justice and accountability so the reign of impunity in Darfur does not continue. This is not just the position of the United States. It is also the view of other members of the international community and international creditors.
Mr. Chairman, the Government of South Sudan will also depend on international support as it seeks to address its many challenges. South Sudan has some of the lowest development indicators in the world, and its people have high expectations that their lives will improve with independence. Many of its people also remain vulnerable to the activity of armed militias in the border states of Unity, Jonglei, and Upper Nile to the North, and the Lord's Resistance Army (LRA) in the state of Equatoria regions to the south. The United States has provided significant support for South Sudan over the years, and we will remain a steadfast partner as South Sudan seeks to peacefully meet these challenges. The strong ties between our peoples go back many decades, and we want to continue to build on that partnership.
Over 15 countries have offered capacity building assistance to the GOSS. Following the Troika development ministers' visit in May, USAID is working closely with the AU, UN, ADB, EU, India, China, South Africa, Uganda and others to ensure that the ROSS has a viable human capital plan in place to build capacity for key functions in Juba and state governments. This builds upon the work USAID has done over the last 7 years in the Ministry of Finance, the Central Bank of South Sudan, health, education, and agriculture. USAID is working with partners to scale up to ensure that stop gap measure along with medium to long term capacities are being addressed. The United States, the UN, the UK, and other donors will focus on building a human rights culture throughout the GOSS, including the SPLA. All the donors will help in economic development. The United States plans in particular to make a major effort in agricultural production, which can help the vast majority of South Sudanese and for which there is much promise.
To succeed and to sustain international support, the Government of South Sudan must demonstrate its commitment to building an effective, democratic and inclusive government that embodies South Sudan's diversity, respects human rights and delivers services with transparency and accountability. The eyes of the world will indeed be on South Sudan in the weeks and months ahead. The government must deliver on its commitment to a broad-based, inclusive process to write its permanent constitution. The government must also put in place safeguards to prevent corruption and avoid the pitfalls that have befallen many other oil-producing nations. President Kiir made a strong statement in his inaugural address on these very issues. The United States will work with other international partners to provide advice and support for the government to help him implement those pledges.
Mr. Chairman and other members of the committee, the challenges ahead are great, but the historic occasion last Saturday offers a new beginning for the people of South Sudan and Sudan. Now it is up to the leaders and people of South Sudan and Sudan to turn this moment of promise into lasting peace. We will continue to assist them in this hard work. Over the coming months, the Obama administration's engagement will be unwavering, and we will be a steadfast partner to all those in Sudan and South Sudan who seek a better future of peace and prosperity.
Assistant Secretary Carson on Opportunities and Challenges for the Republic of South Sudan
I would like to thank Richard Solomon and the United States Institute for Peace for inviting me to speak today. It's an honor to be here. My colleagues and I are avid readers of your reports and policy papers, and we greatly appreciate the regular opportunities to participate in the Institute's many enriching seminars and conferences. You play a vital role in shaping the public's interest in foreign policy and in keeping the international community focused on the most critical and important global issues. In Africa, the work the Institute has done on Sudan in recent years has complemented our efforts to support the negotiations, promote local conflict resolution, and bolster civil society. We hope you will continue your work on Sudan and South Sudan in the years ahead.
This afternoon I'd like to make some brief remarks about the opportunities and challenges facing the world's newest nation, South Sudan. Today's event comes at a critical time as we look ahead to the opportunities and challenges for Sudan and South Sudan. Independence presents a new opportunity for the people of South Sudan, an opportunity to build a new nation that embodies their values and aspirations. It also presents an opportunity for the people of Sudan to redefine their relationship with the international community and pursue a more prosperous future.
We want to see the people of Sudan and South Sudan seize those opportunities and succeed. But to do that, they must establish a stable and durable peace between their two states, and they must work to promote stability and development within their borders. This will not be easy and it will not happen overnight, but it is doable. The Sudanese have demonstrated their capacity over the last year to work together and overcome great odds. The United States is committed to being a steadfast partner as they continue to work out their remaining differences and build the peace and stability that all Sudanese people desire.
This past Saturday, I joined leaders from around the world in recognizing and celebrating South Sudan's independence. It was one of the most moving occasions of my time as Assistant Secretary. In Juba, tens of thousands of southern Sudanese endured sweltering heat for hours to celebrate the birth of their new nation. The Government of South Sudan organized a day of pageantry and substance. The proclamation of independence was read. President Salva Kiir took the oath of office and unveiled a statue of John Garang. President Kiir spoke eloquently of the sacrifices endured by millions of Sudanese and the challenges South Sudan faces as the newest and one of the poorest states in the world. Sudanese President Bashir was in attendance and congratulated his hosts, and Sudan followed through on its pledge to be the first country to recognize South Sudan's independence.
It truly was a historic day for the people of South Sudan.
Just a year ago, last Saturday's celebration appeared impossible. The peace process between the Government of Sudan and the Sudan People's Liberation Movement had stalled. A return to open conflict seemed possible. Many analysts warned the Southern Sudan referendum was at high risk of delay or would be mired in bitter controversy. Little if any preparation was underway, and many observers doubted northern leaders would allow the referendum to proceed or would accept its results.
Recognizing that the CPA and the Southern Referendum were in serious peril, President Obama committed last year to reenergize the peace effort to make sure that the North and South Sudan did not return to a state of conflict. We intensified our diplomatic engagement with the parties to the Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA), as well as our partners in the African Union, IGAD, the United Nations, the EU, and others. The President, the Vice President and the entire national security team were involved in this effort around the clock. The U.S. Special Envoys for Sudan, first Ambassador Scott Gration and then Ambassador Princeton Lyman, shuttled back and forth to the region, working with the parties to move the process forward. A number of Americans – acting individually and through civil society groups – also deserve a vote of thanks for keeping a spotlight on the situation in Sudan.
Against the odds, the people of Sudan and their leaders came together and organized an on-time referendum in January that was peaceful, credibly and reflected the will of the people. And despite moments of tension and crisis, they have worked together over the past months to enable a peaceful separation. For those of you that have followed Sudan's history over the years, you know the significance of this achievement. But you also know that the situation remains fragile. Serious threats to peace and security remain, and great challenges lie ahead. The leaders of Sudan and South Sudan must continue to foster a spirit of cooperation as they work to resolve these threats and challenges. This is essential. Because even though they are now two separate countries, their peoples share historic, geographic, and economic ties. And they share common interests. The fate of Sudan and South Sudan are intertwined.
Challenges in the Relationship between South Sudan and Sudan
The challenges are formidable. South Sudan has achieved its independence, but it has not secured its future. First and foremost, Sudan and South Sudan must resolve outstanding issues between them. Over recent months, with the support of the African Union High-Level Implementation Panel, chaired by former South African President Thabo Mbeki, the CPA parties have made progress in their negotiations. However, they failed to reach final resolution on several key issues before July 9. The recent fighting in Abyei and in the border state of Southern Kordofan has added additional complexities to the unresolved issues. President Bashir and President Kiir committed at the IGAD Summit on July 4 that they would continue negotiations on the outstanding issues after July 9. They must now turn those commitments into action. Both the parties must return to the negotiating table. They must work to resolve these issues in the shortest possible timeframe. Allowing these issues to linger without resolution for too long could destabilize the future relationship between Sudan and South Sudan and lead to tensions and potentially renewed conflict.
Abyei: Abyei remains a crucial issue for resolution. On May 20 the Sudanese Armed Forces invaded and occupied Abyei, following an unprovoked attack by the Sudan People's Liberation Army on a UN convoy escorting Sudanese armed forces. The North's takeover of Abyei brought widespread looting and caused the displacement of an estimated 100,000 people.
The Obama Administration strongly condemned Khartoum's actions in Abyei and worked with President Mbeki and his team and the UN Security Council to persuade the parties to reach an agreement on new security arrangements for Abyei that would lead to the withdrawal of Sudanese troops and the protection of Abyei by a neutral force. The parties agreed that a new UN peacekeeping force, consisting of roughly 4,200 Ethiopian peacekeepers, would be established to maintain security in Abyei, and that all Sudanese military forces would redeploy from the area. It is critical that the parties fully implement this agreement. The violence that flared in Abyei cannot be allowed to return and jeopardize the larger peace. The parties must work with the AU Panel to reach agreement on the area's future and final status. They also need to resolve the status of five other disputed areas along the border.
Oil: In addition to Abyei, the parties have not sorted out how they will handle oil assets and other financial transition arrangements. Oil and the revenue it generates are indispensable to the prosperity and welfare of all Sudanese – both North and South. Negotiations on oil are of particular urgency. By the end of July, there must be an understanding on how oil in the South will be marketed and sold and to what extent payments will be made to the North. The parties must reach an interim agreement to keep the oil flowing. We have strongly encouraged both parties to refrain from any unilateral actions that could destabilize the oil sector and cause severe economic shocks.
Citizenship: Another crucial issue is citizenship. There continue to be hundreds of thousands of southerners living and working in the North, and a smaller but significant number of northerners in the South. The parties have agreed to work to ensure that no one is left stateless, and they have agreed in principle on a nine-month transition period in which people can adjust their citizenship status. It is critical that both states follow through on this commitment. We have also called on Sudan and South Sudan to guarantee the rights of work, property, residency, and movement for all former and current Sudanese citizens. We continue to discourage any action that might cause people suddenly to become aliens in areas where they have resided and raised their families for decades.
Internal Challenges and Opportunities for South Sudan
Beyond resolving the outstanding issues of its separation from the North, South Sudan also must address its own internal challenges as a newly independent state. The continued activity of armed militia groups and the proliferation of weapons pose an ongoing security threat. South Sudan needs to make substantially more progress on security sector reform and the demobilization and social reintegration of former fighters over the next year. The United States and South Sudan's other international partners are actively supporting these efforts.
Without question, South Sudan has some of the worst human development indicators in the world. Much of the country has little transportation infrastructure, no formal educational system, limited health services, and no judicial system. There is very little industry or economic infrastructure outside of Juba.
To build a new nation, South Sudan will need coherent and realistic development plans that build local capacity so that the South Sudanese people can, over the long term, do the building themselves rather than become dependent on outsiders and the donor community. USAID along with South Sudan's other international development partners have been providing technical expertise aimed at increasing the capacity of the new South Sudanese Government. We have worked closely with the Government of South Sudan from the local to the national levels and will continue to do so.
Transparent and democratic processes need to be put into place so that the Southern Sudanese people can hold their government accountable and have adequate input into decision-making. This is also critical if the Government of South Sudan is to sustain international support. The eyes of the world will indeed be on South Sudan in the weeks and months ahead. It must demonstrate its commitment to avoiding the pitfalls that have befallen many other oil-producing nations. President Kiir said the right things in his inauguration speech, and now his Government must deliver. The United States is committed to helping his Government do so.
Internal Challenges and Opportunities for Sudan
Sudan too must address its own internal problems in the months and years ahead. First and foremost, the Government of Sudan must bring an end to the ongoing conflicts in Southern Kordofan and Darfur.
Southern Kordofan and Blue Nile: At the same time that crisis was unfolding in Abyei, fighting broke out in the northern border state of Southern Kordofan, an area that is home to tens of thousands of SPLA fighters. Some 73,000 people have been displaced by the fighting, which continues. Humanitarian access has been severely restricted, and UN peacekeepers have been harassed and blocked from patrolling. On June 28, with the help of the African Union Panel, the parties signed a framework agreement on political and security arrangements for Southern Kordofan and Blue Nile states, but they have not agreed on a cessation of hostilities. And unfortunately, President Bashir has since raised problems with the framework agreement, which puts negotiations at risk. We are continuing to press the parties to bring an end to the fighting, allow unfettered access to humanitarian agencies and to accept a continued UN presence.
Darfur: The Government of Sudan must also finally bring an end to the ongoing conflict and humanitarian crisis in Darfur. A just, inclusive and durable settlement in Darfur is critical for a viable and prosperous Sudan in the future. To achieve such a settlement, the Sudanese Government should find ways to improve the economic situation of the Darfuri people while addressing their political concerns. The government must also seek to bring an end to the culture of impunity that has taken hold in Darfur.
One of Darfur's rebel groups, the Liberation and Justice Movement may sign a peace agreement with the Government of Sudan this week; however one other major group is still on the fence while other rebel movements have refused to take part in the Doha process. We have emphasized to the Government of Sudan that this agreement would be a positive step toward peace, but that it must continue to negotiate with the other armed movements.
The armed rebel movements in Darfur have contributed to the continuation of this conflict and they must take responsibility for working toward its end. During the days ahead, these groups must choose peace over war and recognize that long-term stability and recovery cannot be gained through additional conflict. We believe the non-negotiating movements must return to the peace talks and seek to conclude an agreement with the Sudanese Government.
Economic situation: In addition to resolving the conflicts in Southern Kordofan and Darfur, the Government of Sudan faces considerable economic challenges. With the loss of oil revenues from the south and a crippling debt estimated at $38 billion, the Government of Sudan needs debt relief, access to the International Financial Institutions and a new infusion of foreign investment. It also needs to revitalize its once promising agriculture sector.
The Government of Sudan showed an encouraging commitment to peace in signing the Comprehensive Peace Agreement, allowing the referendum to take place, and being the first nation in the world to recognize the independence of the South.
The United States has told the Sudanese Government that we are prepared to improve our bilateral relations if they continue down this path of peace. We have presented them with a roadmap toward normalized relations and taken initial steps in that direction. In February, the President initiated the process of reviewing Sudan's designation as a State Sponsor of Terrorism, and in June the President's Deputy National Security Advisor John Brennan traveled to Khartoum to discuss this review and to demonstrate our commitment to this process. We have also approved licenses for several American companies wishing to participate in agricultural development in Sudan.
The United States has told the Government of Sudan that we are prepared to help with the country's challenges, and we have already taken initial steps to that end. However, in line with our roadmap, we can only implement this support if Sudan lives up to its CPA obligations and demonstrates its commitment to peace within its borders. This is not just the position of the United States; it is also the position of many other members of the international community and key international creditors.
The Government of Sudan now has a historic opportunity to end its isolation and redefine its relationship with the international community. We hope that Khartoum will seize this opportunity to secure a more prosperous future for its people.
Opportunities for a Shared Future of Partnership
The challenges ahead are daunting, and a great deal of hard work remains to be done. But in closing, I recall the scene I witnessed in Juba on Saturday. The spirit of hope that permeated the air can be built upon for a better future.
As President Obama noted in his statement, South Sudan's successful independence is "a reminder that after the darkness of war, the light of a new dawn is possible. A proud flag flies over Juba and the map of the world has been redrawn. These symbols speak to the blood that has been spilled, the tears that have been shed, the ballots that have been cast, and the hopes that have been realized by so many millions of people."
Indeed, the light of a new dawn is possible. The people of Sudan and South Sudan have a historic opportunity today to chart a new future based on partnership, cooperation and shared prosperity. We are committed to working with Sudan and South Sudan toward the goal of two viable states at peace with another. The two nations cannot prosper unless the other is stable and economically viable. While they may be two nations, their fates are linked together by their shared history, people, and economics.
The Obama Administration will work with both countries in the weeks and months ahead to realize this promise of a better future for the people in both the South and the North.
Thank you.
Remarks by Ambassador Rice at a Security Council Debate on South Sudan and Sudan
Thank you, Mr. President.
Last Saturday, I had the honor of heading the U.S. delegation to Juba to celebrate South Sudan's independence. It was a deeply moving day. After a half-century of war, at a cost of more than two million lives, the Republic of South Sudan can now finally determine its own future. The United States salutes the courage and sacrifice of the people of South Sudan, who never abandoned hope. After so many years of bitter conflict, South Sudan's independence occurred peacefully and democratically through referendum—a heartening way for the world's newest nation to be born.
Vice President Machar, welcome and congratulations to the people of the Republic of South Sudan. We are delighted that you are here to represent your new government at this meeting where the Security Council unanimously recommended that your country be admitted as the United Nation's 193rd member state.
Ambassador Osman, we also commend the Government of Sudan's decision to be the first country to recognize South Sudan's independence. We welcome all efforts to forge a relationship between Sudan and South Sudan that is rooted in mutual respect and cooperation—a relationship that strengthens the viability, security, and prosperity of both states. By continuing on the path of peace, the Government of Sudan can redefine its relationship with the international community and secure a brighter future for its people.
Mr. President, the Security Council remains fully engaged in helping both countries towards their shared goals of peace and stability. On July 8, this Council unanimously authorized a new UN peacekeeping mission in the Republic of South Sudan. UNMISS will assist the government as it builds a new nation, including on issues of peacebuilding, development, security, and protection.
But as we all know, this moment of promise is also fragile and fraught. Sudan and South Sudan must work hard to secure an enduring peace and two viable states coexisting as peaceful neighbors. It is vital that both countries work with the African Union High-Level Implementation Panel to swiftly resolve all outstanding issues. The parties need to finalize arrangements on the border, citizenship, oil, and other issues if they are to forge an enduring peace.
A permanent resolution of Abyei's status remains elusive. Despite an agreement on temporary security arrangements and the imminent deployment of a UN interim security force, the situation in Abyei is still extremely volatile. An estimated 100,000 people remain displaced from their homes.
Meanwhile, brutal fighting between the Sudanese Armed Forces and the troops of the Sudanese People's Liberation Army-North has displaced more than 70,000 people in Southern Kordofan. The Sudanese army is continuing and intensifying aerial bombardments that are killing civilians. On June 28, the Government of Sudan and the SPLM-North agreed to a framework of political and security principles for Southern Kordofan and Blue Nile states, but the Government of Sudan's commitment to this agreement has wavered. Both parties need to agree immediately to a cessation of hostilities. The violence, the human rights abuses, and the deliberate obstruction of access for humanitarian agencies must end.
Given the ongoing hostilities and abuses in Southern Kordofan and the vulnerability of neighboring Blue Nile, we deeply regret the Government of Sudan's decision to compel the United Nation's departure from these two states. The United Nations should be allowed to maintain a presence in these areas to help distribute humanitarian aid, protect civilians, and implement any cessation of hostilities agreement.
Mr. President, the challenges are great, but they are by no means insurmountable. The Security Council has done its utmost to support this process, and this Council and my government will remain deeply engaged in supporting the Republic of South Sudan at this crucial juncture and into the future.
My own country's history has taught us that it takes moral courage to attain freedom—and make freedom's promise real for all citizens. We've learned that this work is never done. We have great faith in the people of South Sudan. We expect they will create a government that works for the good of all people and for the stability of the region – and thereby create a country that strengthens this community of sovereign nations. As I said in Juba on Saturday, "a nation born from conflict need not live in conflict." In this spirit, and with great hope for the future of the world's newest nation, the United States wholeheartedly supports South Sudan's application for membership in the United Nations. Congratulations, and we look forward to welcoming you.
Thank you, Mr. President.
Remarks by Ambassador Rice at a General Assembly Meeting on South Sudan
Thank you, Mr. President.
Excellencies, Vice President Machar, Ladies and Gentlemen,
On Saturday, I had the privilege of standing in Juba and watching as the huge, beautiful flag of the Republic of South Sudan was raised for the very first time. The crowd roared, and in that wave of joy, you could hear a new nation claiming its voice.
Today, that same flag will fly proudly among 192 others. South Sudan will take its rightful place among the community of sovereign nations. On behalf of the United States, and the American people, as host country to this organization, I warmly welcome the Republic of South Sudan as the newest member of the United Nations.
This historic and hopeful day was reached only after great suffering and almost unimaginable loss. The independence of the world's newest country is a testament to the people of South Sudan. It is also an inspiration to all who yearn for freedom. May the memory of your own struggle, for liberty, always serve as a reminder to insist on the universal rights of all people, to remember those still in shackles, to lift up the hungry and the desperate, and to bring hope to the broken places of the world.
Your statehood is new, but your friendship is not. The bonds between the American people and the people of South Sudan go back many decades. The United States will remain a steadfast friend as South Sudan works to pursue peace, to strengthen its democracy, and provide opportunity and prosperity to all its citizens. We look forward to working alongside South Sudan as it shoulders the rights and responsibilities of a full and sovereign member of the community of nations.
At the United Nations General Assembly last September, President Obama said, and I quote, "After the darkness of war, there can be a new day of peace and progress," end quote. Today, like Saturday, is such a day for the people of South Sudan. We will support you as you work for an enduring peace rooted in coexistence between two viable states. We will stand by you as you forge the conditions for lasting democracy, prosperity, and justice. And we will partner with you as you seek to meet the high hopes of your citizens that have been raised along with your flag.
On behalf of the United States of America, let me say again: congratulations, and welcome. Thank you very much.
Independence Day for South Sudan
This weekend, in Juba, South Sudan, Africa's 54th nation was born. Millions of people are celebrating a new national identity and new national promise. Like on our own July Independence Day 235 years ago, there is reason to hope for a better future — if the people and leaders of both Sudan and South Sudan commit themselves to the hard work ahead.
This day was far from inevitable. For more than two decades, Sudan has been riven by intense fighting over land and resources. Just a year ago, talks between the Sudanese government in the north and the Sudan People's Liberation Movement in the south had stalled. Preparations for a referendum on southern independence had fallen behind. The Comprehensive Peace Agreement signed in 2005 appeared close to collapse. A return to open conflict seemed likely.
Thankfully, people on both sides and across the world worked together to chart a different path.
Activists, religious groups and human rights advocates focused attention on the conflict and refused to let it fade. Last year, President Obama committed to reenergizing the peace effort. Since then we have redoubled our engagement with partners in the north and south, as well as in the African Union, Europe and the United Nations.
Most of all, though, Saturday's successful outcome is a testament to the will and dedication of the people of Sudan and South Sudan and their leaders. They have shown that even under the most difficult circumstances, peace is possible if people are willing to make hard choices and stand by them.
But just as independence was not inevitable, neither is a lasting peace between Sudan and South Sudan. Decades of war have left deep distrust on both sides and significant social, political and economic challenges. Both nations will have to take decisive steps to consolidate progress.
First, they must quickly return to the negotiating table and seek to complete the unfinished business of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement. That means settling outstanding questions related to finances, oil and citizenship; demarcating remaining border areas; and fully implementing their agreement on temporary arrangements for the contested Abyei area, which lies along the border of Sudan and South Sudan, including the redeployment of all Sudanese military forces. The violence that has flared in Abyei in recent months cannot be allowed to return and jeopardize the larger peace.
Second, South Sudan must address its internal challenges. Its people face wrenching poverty, inadequate education and health care, and the continuing presence of armed militia groups. To succeed, South Sudan will have to begin building an effective, democratic and inclusive government that respects human rights and delivers services with transparency and accountability.
Over the years, American development experts in South Sudan have helped build new roads, clinics and schools; worked with farmers to grow more food; and trained more effective civil servants. As we move ahead, the United States and the world will be there as South Sudan lays the foundation for its future.
Third, Sudan must address its own challenges. Sudan's future success rests on its ability to end its isolation in the international community. That is the only way it will secure access to international financing, investment and debt relief. The United States is prepared to help — including by normalizing our bilateral relations — and we have taken some initial steps in that direction. But we can move forward only if Sudan fulfills its obligations and demonstrates its commitment to peace within its borders and with its neighbors.
One urgent step both sides must take is agreeing to a cessation of hostilities in the northern border state of Southern Kordofan, which started in early June. We are deeply concerned about the continued aerial bombardments, harassment of U.N. staff and obstruction of humanitarian relief efforts. The longer this fighting goes on, the more difficult it will become to resolve.
We also remain deeply concerned about the humanitarian and security crisis in Darfur. Sudan's government must move to address the economic and political grievances of the Darfuri people, and to hold perpetrators accountable for their crimes. The United States will continue to work with international partners to build on the progress made in the peace process that is now coming to a close.
After decades of conflict, the people of this region have reason to hope again. When I met with leaders of Sudan and South Sudan last month in Addis Ababa, I reminded them that they have the power to chart a better future for all Sudanese. As they do, they can be assured that the United States will be a steadfast partner.
Remarks by Ambassador Rice At a Ceremony Marking the Independence of the Republic of South Sudan
Ladies and gentlemen, distinguished guests, President Kiir—
I am honored to represent the United States at this hour of celebration. It is my particular privilege to lead such a distinguished, bipartisan U.S. delegation—including former Secretary of State Colin Powell, who signed the Comprehensive Peace Agreement on behalf of the United States; Representative Donald Payne, who has done so much in the U.S. Congress to support the birth of your state; and Ambassador Princeton Lyman, who continues to work tirelessly in the cause of peace. On behalf of President Obama, my fellow delegates, the U.S. government, and the American people, we warmly welcome the Republic of South Sudan to the community of sovereign nations.
Today is a day of celebration for all South Sudanese, and a day of triumph for all who cherish the rights of all people to govern themselves in liberty and law.
My country too was born amid struggle and strife on a July day. On this day, the world's oldest democracy welcomes the world's newest state.
As we do so, we salute those who did not live to see this moment—from leaders such as Dr. John Garang to the ordinary citizens who rest in unmarked graves. We cannot bring them back. But we can honor their memory by working together to build South Sudan into a country worthy of their sacrifice.
No citizen of South Sudan should ever take their independence for granted. You have waged a righteous struggle to win your liberty and chart your own course among the community of nations. Let that always serve as a reminder to lift up those who are denied their rights, those who hunger for freedom, and those who suffer in places where hope seems to be forgotten.
For South Sudan, independence is not a gift that you were given. Independence is a prize that you have won.
Yet even on this day of jubilee, we remain mindful of the challenges that await us tomorrow. No true friend would offer false comfort. The path ahead will be steep and pitted. But the Republic of South Sudan is being born amid great hopes—the hope that you will guarantee the rights of all citizens, shelter the vulnerable, and bring prosperity to all corners of your land; the hope that you will be able to live in peace and justice with your neighbors, bind up the wounds of war, and work with the Government of Sudan to resolve swiftly and peacefully all outstanding issues in the Comprehensive Peace Agreement.
All of this will demand leadership and accountability. For democracy and development rest on the foundation of good governance. Peace and prosperity rest on the foundation of strong institutions devoted to the public interest. Law and justice rest on the foundation of a political system free of corruption and fraud. And education and public health rest on the foundation of a government dedicated to the well-being of all rather than the interests of a few. The same self-reliance that won your freedom can now move you from independence and self-determination to opportunity and democracy. South Sudan's leaders, and the citizens who hold them accountable, now have the chance to create a state that stands out not for its flag or its currency but for the investments it makes in the development of its people.
As you turn to the task of building your newborn nation, you can draw strength from a well that never runs dry: you, the people of South Sudan. Over the course of a week in January, millions of men and women lined up peacefully and joyfully to cast their ballots, from dusty village lanes to the main streets of Juba. You reminded us again of two mighty truths: few forces on Earth are more powerful than a citizenry tempered by struggle and united in sacrifice. And every problem created by human folly can be met by human wisdom and mended by human resolve.
In the words of President Obama, "today is a reminder that after the darkness of war, a new day is possible."
Friends, colleagues, citizens of the world's newest nation—know that the people of the Republic of South Sudan have a true and lasting friend and partner in the people of the United States of America as you work to strengthen the foundations of your democracy, promote human rights, and expand economic growth. Our support for the cause of peace for the Sudanese people has long been bipartisan and deep, and it will continue to be. We helped broker the Comprehensive Peace Agreement that led us here today, and we will continue to watch over it—and the future to come.
We do so, in part, because of our own history. As my country learned, a nation born from conflict need not live in conflict. My government will stand with you as you build up the institutions that enshrine your liberty. We will stand with you as you write a constitution for all South Sudanese. We will stand by you as you forge the conditions for lasting peace, prosperity, and justice. And we will work with you as you shoulder the obligations of a full and responsible member of the international community.
The task is great. The responsibility is yours. But so long as you seek a more perfect union, you will never be alone.
Thank you, and may God bless you all—and may He shine down upon your glorious independence day.
Statement by Secretary Clinton Congratulating the Republic of South Sudan on Its Independence
I am delighted to join President Obama in congratulating the Republic of South Sudan on its independence today. The realization of this historic day is a testament to the tireless efforts of the people of South Sudan in their search for peace. We commend South Sudan's current leaders, including President Salva Kiir Mayardit, for helping guide Southern Sudan to this moment. And we recognize the determination and courage of the many southern Sudanese who never abandoned their hope that peace was possible and who stood in long lines on January 9 to cast their votes.
Independence presents a new beginning for the people of South Sudan; an opportunity to build a nation that embodies the values and aspirations of its people. The challenges are many, but the South Sudanese people have demonstrated their capacity to overcome great odds. The United States will remain a steadfast partner as South Sudan seeks to peacefully meet these challenges and build a free, democratic and inclusive society. The strong ties between our peoples go back many decades, and we are committed to continuing to build on the partnership we have already established in the years ahead.
This historic day not only offers opportunity for the people of South Sudan, but also for the people of Sudan and all of Africa. We commend the Government of Sudan on its decision to be the first to recognize South Sudan's independence. By continuing on the path of peace, the Government of Sudan can redefine its relationship with the international community and secure a more prosperous future for its people. The United States recognizes the important roles played by the United Nations, African Union, European Union, Arab League, Intergovernmental Authority on Development, and Sudan's neighbors in supporting the CPA and its implementation, and we look forward to working with them and other international partners toward supporting Sudan and South Sudan as two viable states at peace with one another.
Statement by President Obama in Recognition of the Republic of South Sudan
I am proud to declare that the United States formally recognizes the Republic of South Sudan as a sovereign and independent state upon this day, July 9, 2011. After so much struggle by the people of South Sudan, the United States of America welcomes the birth of a new nation.
Today is a reminder that after the darkness of war, the light of a new dawn is possible. A proud flag flies over Juba and the map of the world has been redrawn. These symbols speak to the blood that has been spilled, the tears that have been shed, the ballots that have been cast, and the hopes that have been realized by so many millions of people. The eyes of the world are on the Republic of South Sudan. And we know that southern Sudanese have claimed their sovereignty, and shown that neither their dignity nor their dream of self-determination can be denied.
This historic achievement is a tribute, above all, to the generations of southern Sudanese who struggled for this day. It is also a tribute to the support that has been shown for Sudan and South Sudan by so many friends and partners around the world. Sudan's African neighbors and the African Union played an essential part in making this day a reality. And along with our many international and civil society partners, the United States has been proud to play a leadership role across two Administrations. Many Americans have been deeply moved by the aspirations of the Sudanese people, and support for South Sudan extends across different races, regions, and political persuasions in the United States. I am confident that the bonds of friendship between South Sudan and the United States will only deepen in the years to come. As Southern Sudanese undertake the hard work of building their new country, the United States pledges our partnership as they seek the security, development and responsive governance that can fulfill their aspirations and respect their human rights.
As today also marks the creation of two new neighbors, South Sudan and Sudan, both peoples must recognize that they will be more secure and prosperous if they move beyond a bitter past and resolve differences peacefully. Lasting peace will only be realized if all sides fulfill their responsibilities. The Comprehensive Peace Agreement must be fully implemented, the status of Abyei must be resolved through negotiations, and violence and intimidation in Southern Kordofan, especially by the Government of Sudan, must end. The safety of all Sudanese, especially minorities, must be protected. Through courage and hard choices, this can be the beginning of a new chapter of greater peace and justice for all of the Sudanese people.
Decades ago, Martin Luther King reflected on the first moment of independence on the African continent in Ghana, saying, "I knew about all of the struggles, and all of the pain, and all of the agony that these people had gone through for this moment." Today, we are moved by the story of struggle that led to this time of hope in South Sudan, and we think of those who didn't live to see their dream realized. Now, the leaders and people of South Sudan have an opportunity to turn this moment of promise into lasting progress. The United States will continue to support the aspirations of all Sudanese. Together, we can ensure that today marks another step forward in Africa's long journey toward opportunity, democracy and justice.
FACT SHEET: U.S. Support to Peace and Security in South Sudan
The United States has been deeply engaged in Sudan, having led international efforts to broker the 2005 Comprehensive Peace Agreement that ended decades of civil war between the country's north and south and as the lead international donor both during and after the war.
Promoting Peace and Security
Last summer, with President Obama's leadership and personal engagement, the United States launched an intense international diplomatic and development effort to keep the parties on the path of peace. In September 2010, at a special meeting of presidents and foreign ministers during the UN General Assembly in New York, the President rallied the international community to join the United States in its call for a peaceful, on-time referendum for Southern Sudan.
Sudan was a key focus of Vice President Biden's trip to Kenya, Egypt, and South Africa last June that helped to build regional cooperation on CPA implementation. The Vice President's regular engagement with Sudanese leaders and regional leaders, including with African Union High-Level Implementation Panel Chairman Thabo Mbeki, has been a critical part of U.S. diplomatic efforts on Sudan.
Secretary Clinton met personally with the parties from both sides in Addis Ababa in late June 2011, where she brokered a deal to end violence in the Abyei region and facilitate the deployment of Ethiopian forces to amplify the peacekeeping presence in the region. She has been in close contact with her counterparts throughout the region, and has reached out frequently to senior northern and southern Sudanese officials by phone.
Ambassador Susan Rice led efforts to build and maintain multilateral support at the United Nations for peace in Sudan, leading the UN Security Council to Sudan twice in the last nine months. The Troika—a partnership among the United States, United Kingdom, and Norway—has played a critical role in diplomatic and development planning with its Sudanese and international partners.
Special Envoy Princeton Lyman, his predecessor, Scott Gration, and numerous other U.S. Government officials have shuttled tirelessly between Washington and Sudan, where they have pressed the Sudanese leaders to reach agreement on the issues that will define their future relationship.
Investing in People and Building Capacity
In South Sudan, the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) is helping to strengthen democratic participatory governance, to enhance access to health care, education and clean water, and to improve basic infrastructure such as roads, bridges, and electricity. U.S. efforts spearheaded by USAID continue to boost agricultural productivity and trade, and help local governments improve their ability to manage resources and meet citizens' needs. Since the signing of the CPA, USAID has worked closely with the Government of Southern Sudan to provide one million people with access to clean water, to help increase children's enrollment in schools nearly fourfold, and to establish tools like microfinance institutions to help jumpstart economic opportunities.
The United States played a critical role in ensuring that the Southern Sudan Referendum Commission had the capacity to hold a credible, on-time referendum in January 2011. USAID supported the procurement of registration and voting materials, voter education, and domestic and international observation to ensure that the Southern Sudan Referendum Commission and Bureau had the capacity to hold a credible, on-time referendum.
Steadfast Partnership
Following its declaration of independence, the United States will establish full diplomatic relations with the Republic of South Sudan, upgrading the U.S. Consulate General in Juba to a U.S. Embassy on July 9. Ambassador Barrie Walkley, the U.S. Consul General in Juba, will serve as Chargé d'Affaires pending the appointment of a U.S. Ambassador to Juba.
This fall, the United States will host an international engagement conference that will provide the Republic of South Sudan with a platform to present its vision for the future of its country and engage partners on priority areas of support and collaboration.
The United States stands with the people of both Sudan and South Sudan during this time of great hope and immense challenge. Our commitment extends beyond July 9, and we will continue to expand on our deeply-rooted partnership in the years ahead.
Learn more about the U.S. engagement on Sudan at: http://www.state.gov/s/sudan
Follow the Special Envoy to Sudan on Facebook: http://on.fb.me/lT9wY8


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148Apps Review SummaryOur Rating: :: GREAT :: Read Our Full Review >>
Fans of the original will be pleased to find a worthy sequel in :Shift!2:. It's definitely one of the best Flash ports to ever grace the App Store.
What's NewMinor tweaks on some levels.
App DescriptionFeel Shifty? Shift is back with a brand new twist. Can you take on the new rotational block and live to tell the tale. Only time will tell. Good Luck!
- 120 levels (for around 4 hours of gameplay)
- 40 bonus levels to be unlocked with achievements
- Scan new levels in the press or on the web to unlock new special levels!
- Retina Display Full HD version support
- 34 achievements
- Online leaderboard (Openfeint, GameCenter)
- Invite Friends (Openfeint)
- Challenge Friends (Openfeint)
- Facebook online score sharing (Openfeint)
- Game Center Achievements (Game Center)
App Changes
June 15, 2012 Price Decrease: $0.99 -> FREE!
July 27, 2011 New version 1.1.1
May 18, 2011 New version 1.1.0
December 22, 2010 Initial Release

subset: commoncrawl


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Rhône-Alpes Pavilion
The Rhône-Alpes Pavilion will be a global showcase for the green-building and urban lighting innovations and know-how of companies based in Rhône-Alpes, demonstrating their skills and expertise to Chinese and other international contractors.
It is being built to Qualité Environnementale du Bâti (environmental quality in building) standards and will highlight not only the economic and technical potential of the Rhône-Alpes region, but also its cultural and tourism possibilities.
A rose garden has been specially created by ILEX Paysage, the landscape designers, in close cooperation with eight rose growers based in Rhône-Alpes (Gaujard Créations, Pépinières et Roseraies Paul Croix, Roseraie Dorieux, Roseraie Ducher, Roseraie Guillot, Roseraie Reuter, Roseraies Laperriere and Roseraies Orard), France's Old Roses Society and the French National Rose Society.
Denis Dessus / Région Rhône-Alpes
Agenda» See all events
Key figures
- 23 years of cooperation between Rhône-Alpes and the Municipality of Shanghai.
- 200 exhibitors and 100 million visitors are expected.
- The Rhône-Alpes Pavilion will be situated in the "Urban Best Practice Area". 2 of the proposals submitted for this area - green-building and urban lighting - come from Rhône-Alpes.
- The World Expo will run from 1st May to 31st October 2010, with 6 months of exhibitions and events.


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Recently published:
In order to built a healthy relationship between cities and the ecosystems from which they draw resources for their sustenance, comprehensive political, financial and technological strategies must be developed. The WFC brochure "Regenerative Cities" by Herbert Girardet explains how these relationships can be built.
Cities, as major users of resources, are focal points for assuring a sustainable relationship between people and planet. Over half of the world's population now lives in urban areas with urbanisation expected to increase further. Some 80 per cent of the world's energy consumption and related greenhouse gas emissions is attributed to cities. Many cities will experience the damaging impacts of climate change, some of which are already happening. Strategies must therefore be devised in urban areas for climate change mitigation and adaptation which include the transition to renewable energy. These efforts must be aimed not only at reducing greenhouse gas emissions but also at making the city a better place to live in.
This section of the Future Policy website is intended to help policy makers, city planners and administrators, and other users to minimise urban climate impacts and to maximise the use of renewable energy in cities. The proposals follow a holistic approach which also takes other environmental and social aspects into account.
Specifically, the World Future Council proposes the adoption of a 100 per cent renewable energy target. To achieve this target, the WFC further recommends using six different sets of tools:
The website sets the theme of 100% renewable energy for cities in the wider concept of Regenerative Urbanisation. This primarily means one thing: To assure that cities develop a positive, restorative relationship to the ecosystems from which they draw resources for their sustenance beyond city boundaries. In this urbanising world, the challenge is no longer just to create sustainable cities but truly regenerative cities, i.e. they must be planned and managed not just to be energy and resource-efficient and low carbon emitting, but also to become aware of ecosystem services they receive from beyond their boundaries, and to compensate for the environmental damage and resource exploitation associated with urban consumption patterns.
For further information on regenerative cities follow the links below:
In addition, this website presents a number of model cities which have taken action already. Click here to find an overview of various outstanding city concepts.
The information on this website is based on the WFC/HCU booklet '100% Renewable Energy – and Beyond – for Cities' by Prof. Peter Droege. Click here to download the booklet.


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- Parks (A - Z)
- Addo Elephant National Park
- Agulhas National Park
- Augrabies Falls National Park
- Bontebok National Park
- Camdeboo National Park
- Garden Route (Tsitsikamma, Knysna, Wilderness) National Park
- Golden Gate Highlands National Park
- Karoo National Park
- Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park
- Kruger National Park
- Mapungubwe National Park
- Marakele National Park
- Mokala National Park
- Mountain Zebra National Park
- Namaqua National Park
- Table Mountain National Park
- Tankwa Karoo National Park
- West Coast National Park
- |Ai-|Ais/Richtersveld Transfrontier Park
- Travel
- Reservations
- Conservation
- Wild Card
- Interact
- Contact Us
Addo Elephant National Park
If you would like to make bookings or view availability for Golden Gate Hotel and Chalets, please click on the 'Make Reservation' button.
You can find more information on the booking process by clicking on 'More Info'.
Archived News
Media Release: SANParks Marine Rangers confiscate abalone and arrest suspect
Date: 2010-03-16
During a joint operation between South African National Parks (SANParks) marine rangers from Addo Elephant National Park and Marine & Coastal Management (MCM), a male suspect was arrested after being found in possession of abalone on Wednesday night, 10 March 2010.
SANPark marine rangers received information that a well known abalone poaching syndicate would be dropping off abalone by boat at Swartkops River in Port Elizabeth on Wednesday evening. At 10.15pm a boat arrived and a bakkie was waiting for the poachers. SANParks marine rangers and MCM then went in to make the arrests. The boat sped away and the divers ran off and escaped.
A white Ford Courier bakkie was seized and a 23-year-old male arrested. A crate containing 8 waist dive bags was found on the bakkie, which contained 2 588 abalone, with an estimated value of R145 000. Two scales were also found on the bakkie and the abalone weighed in at 290 kg's.
Issued by:
South African National Parks
Media Enquiries:
Mandy Roets: Regional Marketing Manager, Addo Elephant National Park, SANParks, tel: (042) 233 8645, cell: 072 525 4615, email: firstname.lastname@example.com


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Missouri cattlemen need to tell their own story
By Doug Rich
Speaking at the Missouri Cattlemen's Association convention on Dec. 12 in Columbia, Mo., Daren Williams, executive director of communications at the National Cattlemen's Beef Association, said it is his job to help cattlemen tell their story about how they raise beef today. Getting this story out to consumers who want to know more about how their food is produced is very important.
"Consumers have a lot of questions about their food today and I think more and more it is important for us to be the ones to get out and answer those questions; otherwise they will get misinformation from other sources," Williams said.
The need to tell their story was made very clear to Missouri cattlemen with the publication of a series of articles recently in the Kansas City Star entitled "Beef's Raw Edges." Mike McGraw, who wrote the article, contacted NCBA nearly a year ago to learn more about the beef industry. McGraw told Williams that the editors at the Kansas City Star decided they had not been doing a very good job of covering agriculture and they realized that the beef industry was very important the Kansas City.
"After reading this series I can say that the Kansas City Star has still not done a good job of covering agriculture and they missed the story about beef being important to Kansas City," Williams said.
Williams said he was not angry about the article, just disappointed in the opportunity they missed to tell the story about modern beef production. Kansas City is not the cow town that it once was when the west bottoms were full of cattle but a modern beef town. Kansas City is a town on the leading edge of beef production and a vital part of the animal health corridor that stretches from Columbia, Mo., to Manhattan, Kan.
"That is an important story but it is unfortunate that story did not make it into the Kansas City Star," Williams said. "But the Kansas City Star decided instead to tell the story of 'Big Beef.'"
When it comes to talking to consumers, they equate big with bad. Williams said the article did address serious issues such as beef safety. Specifically, one part of the three part series questioned the safety of mechanically tenderized beef products. Even through cattlemen have invested millions of dollars through the beef checkoff to improve the safety of the beef supply, the Kansas City Star chose to focus on the negatives, Williams said.
The article also examined checkoff-funded nutrition research that was used to develop the Beef in an Optimal Lean Diet (BOLD). This peer-reviewed research showed that lean beef could be part of a heart health diet.
"The story in the Kansas City Star made it sound like funding research like that with your checkoff dollars was some nefarious plot to push beef on Americans," Williams said.
Williams said this is one of the reasons we developed the Masters of Beef Advocacy Program, to take the story of beef production directly to the consumer without the filter of big media.
Doug Rich can be reached by phone at 785-749-5304 or by email at email@example.com.
Date: 12/24/2012


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Pallas's Cat Found for the First Time in Nepal
February 14, 2014
Exciting camera trap images from Snow Leopard Conservancy's Nepal team show that Pallas's cats are living in Nepal.
4 Ways Helping People is Saving Rare Wildlife
December 23, 2013
*This article, originally posted on news.nationalgeographic.com, features five WCN Conservation Partners who work with people to save wildl
Snow Leopard on the Roof
December 9, 2013
When Mongolian herder D. Ganbat and his family came out of their ger (the nomadic tent where they live) on November 19, they were shocked to see a young snow leopard cub curled up on the roof of their home!
Meet Baby "Jackson!"
September 18, 2013
When Dr. Rodney Jackson received a phone call from Dale Anderson, founder of Project Survival's Cat Haven, telling him that the baby snow leopard cub just born at Cat Haven would be named Jackson, Rodney was at a loss for words. The following day in an email to Project Survival, Rodney wrote, "A day later I remain stunned by yesterday's phone call from Dale.


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Great article but really not true; there are many players involved in the NPF that are not from the ...more
posted 08/26/14 at 1:28pm
on Softball Standouts Plourde and Prezioso Represent Atlantic 10, Exemplify Mid-Major Potential at Next Level
posted by MsAkiba, a Women Talk Sports blogger
Friday, August 21, 2009 at 12:03am EDT
About MsAkiba:
i like water! Nature chick!...more
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First off, I am not politically correct however, I am sensitive towards certain subjects. I am not going to apologize for any offensive on insensitive statements that I may make, It is just my observation and my opinion, having said that...
Sexuality in sports...how deeply complex is this issue? I remember this gay marriage/sexuality debate I had with my parents, sis and grandmother. My father is a Liberal Feminist, yes my DAD. My sis, I would like to thank the Obama's who saved my sister from becoming a Republican, she rides the fence. My mother, has grown from a religious conservative Democrat, to a errrr christian democrat, a little more open minded ( she gets so offended when I call her a 'religious right', though I just say it to witness her almost lose her religion on me). My Grandmother, is just a straight up hard core christian, what the Bible says..goes. I am the free-spirited spiritual Liberal! Our Political debates are fire!!! Gay marriage, it was 2-2, my sis, in the beginning, was on the fence (now we are 4-1, grandma aint budging), Grandma says about sexuality, "your either man or woman, its that simple, men belong with women...." My response, "oh yeah, explain hermaphrodites or middle sex then and who do they belong with" ? Her response..." hermaphro WHAT? what is that? I've never even heard of such a thing." It was the funniest thing ever.FYI, I have a old school grandma with MADEA tendencies! since then, sexuality in sports has gotten a lot more complex.
Ms. Caster Semenya, a 18-year old 800 meter runner from South Africa, who recently just won the title of being the 800m World Champion, is undergoing a Gender test to prove that she is a woman! Not that she is being accused of cheating drug doping, or DNA altering, but being accused of being a young man, a dude, OUCH. My thoughts on this...
Pandora's box has been opened, that box was opened back when both the IAAF & IOC both ruled in favor of allowing transgender & intersex athletes to compete, but not before giving certain guidelines. This is not the first, nor will it be the last time that we will hear of this and as time goes, this will become a more frequent issue. I do not like how Ms. Semenya, is being thrown out there and judged. Perhaps she is of the middle sex, inter sex or a hermaphrodite, then her gender is not her fault. She still is a young impressionable 18 year old sensitive girl, who has most likely dealt with this all her life.. But now she has been thrust onto the world spotlight at 18, you guys...she's 18, that alone should put a lot of things into perspective, she's a kid, stop bullying the damn girl, if she hadn't won, this would not be an issue, but people are angry. Lets play devils advocate and say that she was born a male and is now living as a transgender, transsexual and meets the IOC & IAAF standards of being a "woman" the she is still LEGAL & ELIGIBLE to compete. I sincerely doubt that the South African Federation would knowingly enter a male in a female competition, for the sake of wining a medal, knowing that this was going to cause a huge disruption and embarrassment for them if indeed, she is a he.
Most semi-educated people are aware that sexuality is far more complex than people want to accept or imagine. This world is NOT entirely Male or Female, even within animals and plants Hermaphrodites exits, so clearly this is not some chromosome mishaps or defect, People are born biologically different, in fact 1 in 1500 to 2000 births resulted in some form of intersex variations from 1955-1998, and continues to grow. so the question is...if proven that she is of inter sex, middle-sex, or hermaphrodite, what do you? Clearly it is unfair that she competes against women because she has a clear and obvious advantage, she can't compete against men, cause she has a clear and obvious disadvantage. There are "special" races and Olympics for the mentally disabled, There are the "para" races and Olympics for those who are missing limbs. Am I suggesting, the intersex have their own races and Olympics "intersex Olympics"...Absolutely NOT, society is not mature enough, tolerable, nor accepting enough to handle it! They will be subjected to such ridicule, torment and danger..so what do you do? can a decision be made that will be beneficial to all? is she just assed out? or are the other athletes?
Say the test come back that she is 100% woman, then what? She wears cornrows, doesn't shave, wears no make up, wears the long tights- not the briefs or boy cuts, no jewelry, and flexes her muscles rather than blows kisses to the crowd...thus far this is her only crime. Ok, she is not as feminine as most want her to be, so what? Does that make her any less of a woman? She doesn't do any of the sometimes "feminine" things that some athletes do, cause trust there have been many discussion and gossip about other athletes who wear "too much" make up during competition... and that is fine too, thats how they feel comfortable. But this whole "she's come out of nowhere" comment that I keep hearing, hmmm these past 2 years have been full of people who "come out of nowhere". Hey is track the only sport where women wear makeup during competition? hmmm sounds like another BLOG title.
HMMM I wonder what my grandmother world say?
I found this very interesting article about the history of transsexuals, transgender, hermaphrodites...whatever the term is, in sports, check them out!
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Alex Rodriguez slammed his fist on a table and stormed out of his grievance hearing on Wednesday. He went down swinging, of course, as he is apt to do in autumn. "This is ridiculous!" he said before leaving the room, according to ESPN. "This is fucking bullshit!" For good measure, he punched a wa ... More >>
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Maybe you've heard that last night, on the very last play of what was an otherwise perfect game for Detroit Tigers pitcher Armando Galarraga, umpire Jim Joyce missed the call, thus costing Galarraga his perfect game. Everybody - whether you're a fan of the team throwing the perfect game or no ... More >>
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We all know what Lord Acton said about being doomed to repeat history, so while the fifteenth anniversary of the 1994 MLB Strike (August 12) is still fresh in everyone's mind, let's do some reviewing: Looking back, the casualty list seems staggering: nearly 950 major league games and more than $ ... More >>
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A Friend for Dragon
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Dragon becomes such close friends with an apple that he deeply mourns its loss and is overjoyed when more grow to take its place.
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Salma Hayek! Keira Knightley! Kanye West! See all the stars that are dazzling in the City of Light
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Updated: Monday Oct 04, 2010 | 02:30 PM EDT
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They can't get enough...fashion? After cozying up Wednesday night at Roberto Cavalli's 40th anniversary party, Jackson and her new beau get touchy again during the Lanvin show.
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Single Sign On
Definition of Single Sign On (SSO)
"Single sign-on (SSO) is a property of access control of multiple, related, but independent software systems. With this property a user logs in once and gains access to all systems without being prompted to log in again at each of them. Single sign-off is the reverse property whereby a single action of signing out terminates access to multiple software systems.
Benefits include:
- Reduces phishing success, because users are not trained to enter password everywhere without thinking.
- Reducing password fatigue from different user name and password combinations
- Reducing time spent re-entering passwords for the same identity
- Can support conventional authentication such as Windows credentials (i.e., username/password)
- Reducing IT costs due to lower number of IT help desk calls about passwords
- Security on all levels of entry/exit/access to systems without the inconvenience of re-prompting users
- Centralized reporting for compliance adherence.
SSO uses centralized authentication servers that all other applications and systems utilize for authentication purposes, and combines this with techniques to ensure that users do not actively have to enter their credentials more than once.
SSO users need not remember so many passwords to login to different systems or applications." Source Wikipedia
Joomdle allows you to define whether Joomla or Moodle is the "Master" ie which platform maintains the user password details in case you are migrating from a platform, Moodle or Joomla, which has many users in place already. In addition, SSO allows you to log into Joomla or Moodle and automatically being logged into the other platform


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Broccoli, cabbage, Brussels sprouts and cauliflower are some of the well-known brassica vegetables that are loved by adults and often loathed by children. But another, sometimes forgotten member of the family, kale, is picking up popularity lately, thanks to some celebrity endorsements. Kale, like the rest of the brassica plant species, has been around for a while — it can be traced back more than 2,000 years. But recent studies have revealed that it is packed with cancer-fighting properties, and that has allowed the dark, leafy green to make a comeback in grocery stores, at farmers markets and on dinner plates.
Kale is an excellent source of calcium and vitamins A and C, but it has an incredible amount of vitamin K — 664 percent of your daily value, says Dr. Jennifer Nelson, director of clinical dietetics and nutrition at the Mayo Clinic. The vitamin promotes normal blood clotting, and a study conducted by the Mayo Clinic suggested that it may aid in preventing people from developing Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma, a common cancer that attacks the immune system.
And kale contains an abundance of flavonoids, considered antioxidants, which have anti-aging properties and have been linked to cancer prevention, Nelson says. "We're just beginning to explore that whole family of antioxidants called flavonoids. But … you can see from (the nutrition) chart that (kale's) a dynamite source. It's the highest value out of all of those greens," Nelson says, referring to a chart that includes spinach, collards and Swiss chard.
But Nelson warned that it doesn't mean "kale is the end-all, be-all of health."
"When you pick one food, it gets very difficult to link that one food to definitive statements … because the research right now is mostly dealing with the compounds themselves, and these compounds themselves are found in many foods," she says. "You can just say that kale is a good source of these compounds, and these compounds are currently being explored for their roles in heart disease and cancer prevention, and these compounds are showing promise."
That is one reason the rough, seaweed-green colored veggie is stocked in more refrigerators.
Angela Lemond, a registered dietitian, and a spokesperson for the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, says another reason is because kale is a good substitute for a very popular snack.
"Most recently, it has become a nutritional trend because of some online circulations of tasty kale chip recipes," Lemond says, noting that they are healthier than the potato alternatives.
Both Lemond and Nelson suggest that people make the snack at home to avoid unhealthy additives. "If you get ready-made kale chips, some of them can be really high in sodium and fat," Nelson says. And they're easy to make.
But kale can be used in many dishes, too. "If you incorporate it in a variety of ways — raw, steamed, putting it into soups, using it as a bed for maybe a chunky vegetable stir fry — having it in that variety of ways allows you to obtain those nutrients in various forms," Nelson says.
But how much do you have to have to get the nutritional benefits?
"Most nutritionists use a rule of thumb. If you're having a cooked vegetable, for the most part, a half a cup is considered a serving," she says. "If you're having a raw vegetable, anywhere between a cup and two cups is considered a serving."
People can use kale in soup, in stir-fry and in hearty salads with savory ingredients like garlic and onions. Lemond suggests people can try introducing kale into their diets by using it instead of spinach.
But kale shouldn't be consumed by everyone. People on blood thinners such as Coumadin should avoid it, because the vitamin K can interfere with the effectiveness of the drug. "The most important thing is that it's in a family of super greens," Nelson says, "and if you're not a fan of kale, you can generally find another green that is a great source of a variety of nutrients."


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Mariano Rivera: I'd take Dustin Pedroia over Robinson Cano
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"If I have to win one game, I'd have a hard time taking anybody over Dustin Pedroia as my second baseman," Rivera says...Read more »


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Originally Posted by CamraMaan
Would you guys do a trade for Headley if it took Seager, Franklin and Maurer? Do you think that's enough to get Headley?
If we brought Headley in then we don't need Seager, and Franklin and Maurer both come from areas of excessive depth, and tbh I don't know if I plan on either being a future Mariner starter with the other depth options...
Yes, I'd make that deal pending an extension.
I don't think San Diego is selling right now, Headley may be more of a deadline target. Everybody's got a price though.
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