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Competitive Edge Products, Inc
Product: Spalding 66321CA 48" Polycarbonate Backboard Portable Basketball
Hoop System with a Pro Slam breakaway rim, Exacta Height Lift to provide easy
adjustment, and a three piece, 3.5" Silver pole system (Replaced models
67321 and 66236)
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66321CA Key Features:
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Emily Addison gorgeous blonde dressed all in black
Emily Addison unbuttons her tight corset
Now it's time to get rid of the black leather mini skirt
Emily Addison's tiny thong is next in line to be taken off
Emily Addison turns around and slowly slips down the panties
Emily Addison is all outta clothes…which is good, of course!
If you wanted to check out her butt, now is the time
Emily Addison's marvelous behind once again. We want more!
Emily Addison grabs her naked juggs and starts dreaming about you….
Focus on the foreground…what a delicious pussy!
It's time to fill this blog with some naked Emily Addison stuff once again! The frequent Fetishcon guest is dressed up in very short black leather skirt, stilettos and corset…but why am I writing about things that are going to disappear in a moment? Let's focus on her mouthwatering nude body as this chick has a pair of truly unmachable tits.

subset: commoncrawl


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Drug/Small Molecule:
PharmGKB contains no dosing guidelines for this drug/small molecule. To report known genotype-based dosing guidelines, or if you are interested in developing guidelines, click here.
PharmGKB gathers information regarding PGx on FDA drug labels from the FDA's "Table of Pharmacogenomic Biomarkers in Drug Labels", and from FDA-approved FDA and EMA-approved (European Medicines Agency) EMA labels brought to our attention. Excerpts from the label and downloadable highlighted label PDFs are manually curated by PharmGKB.
Please note that some drugs may have been removed from or added to the FDA's "Table of Pharmacogenomic Biomarkers in Drug Labels" without our knowledge. We periodically check the table for additions to this table and update PharmGKB accordingly.
There is currently no such list for European drug labels - we are working with the EMA to establish a list of European Public Assessment Reports (EPAR)s that contain PGx information. We are constructing this list by initially searching for drugs for which we have PGx-containing FDA drug labels - of these 44 EMA EPARs were identified and are being curated for pgx information.
We welcome any information regarding drug labels containing PGx information approved by the FDA, EMA or other Medicine Agencies around the world - please contact feedback.
Annotated Labels
FDA Label for trastuzumab and ERBB2
Trastuzumab (Herceptin) is used for the treatment of HER2 overexpressing node positive or node negative breast cancer, metastatic breast cancer and metastatic gastric cancer. The FDA requires test results demonstrating HER2 protein overexpression prior to initiating therapy.
Excerpt from the trastuzumab (Herceptin) drug label:
Detection of HER2 protein overexpression is necessary for selection of patients appropriate for Herceptin therapy because these are the only patients studied for whom benefit has been shown... Tests should be performed by laboratories with demonstrated proficiency in the specific technology being utilized.
HER2 (ERBB2) overexpression can be detected through an immunohistochemistry (IHC) test, which measures HER2 protein levels, or through fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), which assays gene amplification. For optimal diagnostic accuracy, it is advisable to use both types of testing. FDA-approved FISH assays include PathVysion® and HER2 FISH pharmDx™.
For the complete drug label text with sections containing pharmacogenetic information highlighted, see the trastuzumab (Herceptin) drug label.
*Disclaimer: The contents of this page have not been endorsed by the FDA and are the sole responsibility of PharmGKB.
Genes and/or phenotypes found in this label
Breast Neoplasms
- Indications & usage section, Warnings section, Adverse reactions section
- source: PHONT
Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung
- Indications & usage section, Warnings section, Adverse reactions section
- source: PHONT
- Warnings section, Adverse reactions section
- source: PHONT
Drug Toxicity
- Warnings section, Adverse reactions section
- source: PHONT
- Indications & usage section, Warnings section, Adverse reactions section
- source: PHONT
Stomach Neoplasms
- Indications & usage section, Adverse reactions section, Clinical pharmacology section, Clinical studies section, Use in specific populations section, Warnings and precautions section
- source: FDA Label
- Indications & usage section, Clinical pharmacology section, Clinical studies section, Mechanism of action section, Warnings and precautions section, efficacy
- source: FDA Label
European Medicines Agency (EMA) Label for trastuzumab and ERBB2
The EMA European Public Assessment Report (EPAR) for trastuzumab (Herceptin) requires testing of tumours for HER2 overexpression or gene amplification prior to initiating therapy. Trastuzumab (Herceptin) targets human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) to inhibit growth of HER2 overexpressing cancer cells.
Excerpts from the trastuzumab (Herceptin) EPAR:
Herceptin should only be used in patients with metastatic or early breast cancer whose tumours have either HER2 overexpression or HER2 gene amplification as determined by an accurate and validated assay (see sections 4.4 and 5.1).
Herceptin should only be used in patients with metastatic gastric cancer whose tumours have HER2 overexpression as defined by IHC2+ and a confirmatory SISH or FISH result, or by an IHC 3+ result. Accurate and validated assay methods should be used (see Sections 4.4 and 5.1).
HER2 testing is mandatory prior to initiation of therapy (see sections 4.4 and 5.1). Herceptin treatment should only be initiated by a physician experienced in the administration of cytotoxic chemotherapy.
This information is highlighted in the following sections:
Clinical particulars, pharmacological properties, package leaflet: information for the user.
For the complete drug label text with sections containing pharmacogenetic information highlighted, see the trastuzumab (Herceptin) EMA drug label.
*Disclaimer: The contents of this page have not been endorsed by the EMA and are the sole responsibility of PharmGKB.
PharmGKB contains no Clinical Variants that meet the highest level of criteria.
To see more Clinical Variants with lower levels of criteria, click the button at the bottom of the page.
Clinical Annotation for rs1136201 and trastuzumab
- Type
- Toxicity/ADR
- Genes
- Diseases
- Breast Neoplasms, Drug Toxicity
- OMB Race
- White
To see the rest of this clinical annotation please register or sign in.
Disclaimer: The PharmGKB's clinical annotations reflect expert consensus based on clinical evidence and peer-reviewed literature available at the time they are written and are intended only to assist clinicians in decision-making and to identify questions for further research. New evidence may have emerged since the time an annotation was submitted to the PharmGKB. The annotations are limited in scope and are not applicable to interventions or diseases that are not specifically identified.
The annotations do not account for individual variations among patients, and cannot be considered inclusive of all proper methods of care or exclusive of other treatments. It remains the responsibility of the health-care provider to determine the best course of treatment for a patient. Adherence to any guideline is voluntary, with the ultimate determination regarding its application to be made solely by the clinician and the patient. PharmGKB assumes no responsibility for any injury or damage to persons or property arising out of or related to any use of the PharmGKB clinical annotations, or for any errors or omissions.
This is a non-comprehensive list of genetic tests with pharmacogenetics relevance, typically submitted by the manufacturer and manually curated by PharmGKB. The information listed is provided for educational purposes only and does not constitute an endorsement of any listed test or manufacturer.
A more complete listing of genetic tests is found at the Genetic Testing Registry (GTR).
|PGx Test
|Variants Assayed
|PathVysion HER-2 DNA Probe Kit
|ERBB2 ERBB2 gene amplification
The table below contains information about pharmacogenomic variants on PharmGKB. Please follow the link in the "Variant" column for more information about a particular variant. Each link in the "Variant" column leads to the corresponding PharmGKB Variant Page. The Variant Page contains summary data, including PharmGKB manually curated information about variant-drug pairs based on individual PubMed publications. The PMIDs for these PubMed publications can be found on the Variant Page.
The tags in the first column of the table indicate what type of information can be found on the corresponding Variant Page.
Links in the "Gene" column lead to PharmGKB Gene Pages.
The following icons indicate that data of a certain type is available:
- DG Dosing Guideline information is available
- DL Drug Label information is available
- CA High-level Clinical Annotation is available
- VA Variant Annotation is available
- VIP VIP information is available
- PW Pathway is available
[ close ]
|Gene ?
|Alternate Names / Tag SNPs ?
|Drugs ?
(+ chr strand)
|Function ?
Amino Acid?
|1873A>G, 1873A>T, 1963A>G, 1963A>T, 3153740A>G, 3153740A>T, 37879588A>G, 37879588A>T, 40196A>G, 40196A>T, ERBB2: I665V, ERBB2: rs1136201 A>C, ERBB2:1873A>G, ERBB2:Ile655Val, I625V, I655V, I665V, Ile625Phe, Ile625Val, Ile655Phe, Ile655Val, formerly rs1801200
|12968387A>G, 161479745A>G, 497A>G, 500A>G, 9541A>G, FCGR2A:His131Arg
|10872T>G, 13003184A>C, 158V/F, 161514542A>C, 176F/V, 523T>G, 526T>G, 631T>G, 634T>G, A559C, FCGR3A: V158F, Phe175Val, Phe176Val, Phe211Val, Phe212Val, T559G
- Anti HER2
- Ig gamma-1 chain C region
- Herceptin
- Herceptin (Genentech)
A recombinant IgG1 kappa, humanized monoclonal antibody that selectively binds with high affinity in a cell-based assay (Kd = 5 nM) to the extracellular domain of the human epidermal growth factor receptor protein. Produced in CHO cell culture.*
Source: Drug Bank
For treatment of early stage HER2-positive breast cancer, or metastatic breast cancer that substantially overexpress HER2.
Source: Drug Bank
Other Vocabularies
- ATC: Monoclonal antibodies (L01XC)
- UMLS: trastuzumab (C0728747)
- RxNorm: trastuzumab (224905)
Information pulled from DrugBank has not been reviewed by PharmGKB.
Pharmacology, Interactions, and Contraindications
Mechanism of Action
Trastuzumab binds to the HER2 (or c-erbB2) proto-oncogene, an EGF receptor-like protein found on 20-30% of breast cancer cells. The binding leads to antibody mediated (complement mediated) killing of the HER2 positive cells.
Source: Drug Bank
Used in the treatment of HER2-positive breast cancer. HER2 protein overexpression is observed in 25%-30% of primary breast cancers.Trastuzumab has been shown, in both in vitro assays and in animals, to inhibit the proliferation of human tumorcells that overexpress HER2. It is a mediator of antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity, in that the binding of the antibody to HER2 overexpressing cells leads to preferential cell death.
Source: Drug Bank
Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Elimination & Toxicity
Most likely removed by opsonization via the reticuloendothelial system.
Source: Drug Bank
Administration of trastuzumab can result in ventricular dysfunction and congestive heart failure. Risk of cardiotocity is especially elevated in patients recieving concurrent anthracycline or cyclophosphamide therapy.
Source: Drug Bank
Chemical Properties
Publications related to trastuzumab: 32
The following icons indicate that data of a certain type is available:
- DG Dosing Guideline information is available
- DL Drug Label information is available
- CA High-level Clinical Annotation is available
- VA Variant Annotation is available
- VIP VIP information is available
- PW Pathway is available
[ close ]
- Drugs Product Database (DPD):
- 2240692
- Therapeutic Targets Database:
- FDA Drug Label at DailyMed:
- 492dbdb2-077e-4064-bff3-372d6af0a7a2
Clinical Trials
These are trials that mention trastuzumab and are related to either pharmacogenetics or pharmacogenomics.


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A huge balcony in a quiet part of the ship (due to there being only 6 cabins on our hallway). Lots of storage space in both the cabin and the bathroom. Loved being in an aft cabin!
Huge aft balcony3/4 shaded 1/4 open to sungreat views sailaway from New York
Bed located by the balcony. Some noise from H20 on certain nights.
Room 11314. Quiet cabin. Great view. Huge balcony. Plenty of storage space. Close to aft elevators.
12th deck, noise from pool


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This section should help you understand the landscape of club sport.
Together, with our partners, we aim to ensure that sport clubs are part of the fabric of their local communities, are focused on improving the quality and quantity of opportunities and play their part in developing and supporting a world class sporting system within Scotland.
Help for clubs
Practical advice for clubs and resources for managing and developing activities.


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Florida Real Estate & Appraisers
This page contains specific information about Florida Real Estate & Appraisers testing. Register for your next exam, find test information, or download handbooks/applications/forms from this page. All links labeled "(pdf)" require you to have Adobe Reader installed on your computer.
If you cannot find the information you need on this page, please check the FAQs. For technical help, or to contact us by email, visit the Contact Us page. To speak to a customer service representative about an exam reservation, please call 888-204-6230.
Important Notice: The Appraiser exams will not be available between January 2-15, 2012. Testing will resume on Monday, January 16th.
For reservations and questions, go to fingerprint reservation online or contact our Customer Support Center at 1-877-238-8232.


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Makes: 4 to 6 | Prep Time: 45 min. | Cook Time: 45 min.
- 1 can (11 or 15 oz.) DOLE® Mandarin Oranges
- 1-1/2 cups water
- 1 cup brown rice
- 1-1/2 teaspoons garlic salt, divided
- 1 tablespoon chopped fresh ginger
- 1 tablespoon honey
- 1 tablespoon olive oil
- 1 cup cubed firm tofu
- 2 tablespoons salted cashews
- Fresh ground black pepper
- DRAIN mandarin oranges; reserve 1/4 cup plus 3 tablespoons juice.
- BOIL water in medium saucepan; stir in rice and 1 teaspoon garlic salt. Reduce heat; cover. Simmer 30 minutes or until liquid is absorbed. Stir in reserved 1/4 cup juice, ginger, honey, 3 mandarin orange segments and dash ground pepper. Cover; continue heating until liquid is absorbed. Remove lid and saute on high 1 minute. Keep warm.
- ADD 1 tablespoon olive oil to small skillet. Heat to medium-high. Add tofu, 3 tablespoons juice and remaining 1/2 teaspoon garlic salt. Cover; let heat and steam for a few minutes. Continue to saute until tofu looks fluffy but not too browned.
- ADD cashews and continue to cook, until tofu is browned and fluffy, liquid is absorbed and cashews slightly browned. (Note: Make sure all liquid is absorbed.)
- SPOON tofu over rice and garnish with remaining mandarin oranges. Season with freshly ground black pepper to taste.


text:
WASHINGTON - Adidas is getting ready to launch a new sneaker in August, but the kicks are already at the center of a growing controversy.
The design features purple, gray and black color blocking with orange shackles that wrap around the ankles.
Some accuse the manufacturer of being racist for invoking slave imagery, while others merely find it in poor taste.
"Tighten up your style with the JS Roundhouse Mids," the company's Facebook photo caption reads.
Below the picture are more than 2,000 comments about the new shoes:
"I pray for Adidas to have a downfall because of this," Thulani Conco writes.
"Remove the shackles and the shoe is nice. How did this get to production with no eyebrows being raised?" asks Zita Vigier. "I know the youth today are very ignorant to the issues of the past that is still strong just in different forms."
"Really Adidas? At least they r being honest," says Babs Rowsey. "If u ever bought Adidas bcuz of fashion or a RUN DMC song... & not bcuz U personally wanted them... U deserve to have shackles on ur feet!"
Adidas has not released a statement about the controversial design.
What do you think? Take our poll at the top of the page.
Follow WTOP on Twitter.
(Copyright 2012 by WTOP. All Rights Reserved.)


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James 5:7–8"Be patient, therefore, beloved, until the coming of the Lord. The farmer waits for the precious crop from the earth . . . You also must be patient."Reflection by Anthony B. RobinsonPatience is a virtue that I find easier to commend than to practice.When I was a kid my mother used to exclaim, "You go at everything like you're killing snakes," which I am pretty sure was a way of saying I was short on patience.Over the years I have wondered if God called me to ordained ministry primarily to teach me patience? Things do seem to move awfully slowly at times in the church, don't they? And then there are all those trying people to learn to be patient with. I love John Updike's wry quip, "A healthy adult male bore each year consumes one and half times his own weight in other people's patience."The word "patience" comes from the same root word as "suffering." Part of God's suffering with us and for us is God being patient with us. To understand patience as a form of suffering rings true to me. Patience can be tough. It costs us something. And it is of God.But I'm not sure the real lesson I've learned from the church is about being patient with other people (though I hope I have learned something of that). What I have really learned is that God has been plenty patient with me. Remembering how patient God has been with me does help me to be more patient with others.PrayerHoly one, grant me grace to discern when is the time for holy patience and when is the time for holy impatience. Amen.
About the AuthorAnthony B. Robinson, a United Church of Christ minister, is a speaker, teacher and writer. His newest book is Called to Lead: Paul's Letters to Timothy for a New Day, and he is also the author of the just-published Book of Exodus: A God is still speaking Bible Study. Read his weekly reflections on the current lectionary texts at www.anthonybrobinson.com by clicking on Weekly Reading.
Ms. Christina VillaDirector of Publishing, Identity & Communication700 Prospect Ave.Cleveland, Ohio firstname.lastname@example.com


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The Manti Te'o Saga
January 18th 2013 18:04
On September 12 Notre Dames star linebacker Manti Te'o learned that his 72-year-old grandmother, Annette Santiago, had died. A mere six hours later Teo learned that his girlfriend Lennay Kekua had lost her battle with leukemia.
Teo said that the loss of his grandmother and girlfriend inspired him to play better as he helped his Notre Dame Fighting Irish get to the BCS title game. Media outlets pounced on the feel good story of the college football season -- only to find out later that the story about Manti Te'o's girlfriend was a hoax.
In a news conference Wednesday night Notre Dame athletic director Jack Swarbrick said that coaches were informed by Te'o and his parents that Te'o had been the victim of a hoax. Lennay Kekua had never existed and someone using a fictitious name had conspired with others to lead Teo to believe she had died of leukemia.
Deadspin was the first source to break this story noting that Kekua did not have a death certificate and Stanford, where she reportedly went to school, had no record of anybody by that name.
On October 2 in an interview with ESPN Te'o said Kekua's last words to him were "I love you" and called Kekua "the most beautiful girl I've ever met." Notre Dame Athletic Director Jack Swarbrick said Te'o never met Kekua in person claiming this was exclusively an online relationship."
Then theres Mantis father Brian Te'o who came to say that his son and Kekua met in person on a number of occasions claiming that his son and Kekua met in person after a Notre Dame-Stanford game in 2009 in Palo Alto, Calif. Brian Teo explained that "Every once in a while, she would travel to Hawaii, and that happened to be the time Manti was home, so he would meet with her there. But within the last year, they became a couple.
Now multiple media outlets have even found multiple instances of Notre Dames star linebacker talking about Kekua as if she had existed after Dec. 6, the date that he and the university say he found out that his supposed girlfriend who had died of leukemia was made up. According media reports players claimed Te'o had only met Lennay Kekua once and it wasn't accurate to call Kekua his girlfriend, but according to an anonymous teammate as condolences began to pour in, Te'o simply "played along."
According to Deadspin, the only photos online that identified Kekua are actually pictures of another 22-year-old woman, not named in the report, who told Deadspin one of those photos was shared by Ronaiah Tuiasosopo who is believed to have created Kekua. Tuiasosopo has since confessed to the hoax and claims Teo helped in keeping up the lie.
On Thursday an independent baseball team, the Florence Freedom in Florence, Ky., announced it would have "Manti Te'o Girlfriend Bobblehead Day" in late May giving the first 1,000 fans an empty bobblehead box. While some may say its too soon to poke fun, it does bring levity to what had been a tragic story.
This is not doubt an intriguing saga, but we should take the time to put things into perspective. As so many people are looking to find out whether or not Manti Teo was involved with this horrific hoax, what is most important is that a twenty-two year old girl did not die of leukemia.
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Go to Craig Hill's home page by clicking here


text:
Saving Minnie
"Is she joking?" I wondered, but
her stern voice let me know she was serious. The mini's
coat color and her strange ears reminded me of an oversized
mouse. She was running wild on 70 plus acres, with a band
of large horses left on their own for the winter and doing
fairly well.
A small dark-brown pony-like thing kept a weary
eye on us as she grazed. I was warned not to go near the mini-mule.
"She's dangerous!" We kept our distance
as we walked around her.
I followed the farm's resident care-taker
through the pasture so I could look at one of the geldings
I had found posted for sale. That's when I first saw
Minnie. Little did she know, her life was about to change.
"That's a mule?" I asked.
Her ears didn't seem long enough to belong to a mule,
yet they did seem too long for a pony. Then I thought, "How
dangerous could that cute little thing be. Still we kept our
distance as we walked.
Mini's over-grown rear hooves
While we looked the big gelding over and I listened
to his many attributes, the mule was all but forgotten. Then,
just as we turned to leave the horses, the giant mouse skittered
across our path again at a choppy mini-trot. Her matted tail
bounced to either side, like a pendulum, and as a hoof care
practitioner, the sight of her hooves was gut-wrenching. She
was wearing elf slippers! Instantly, I knew I had to fix those
On the spot, I made an offer on her, checking
myself briefly regarding the - my husband will shoot me
- factor. My offer was turned down. "Oh well."
I thought, "I tried to do the right thing and now I
won't get shot."
Then, as I was getting into my car, I should
have seen it coming – wouldn't you know, the mule
could be had for one hundred additional dollars over my offer,
in cash, of course. So it was a quick trip to the bank and
then home to trade the Jeep for the truck, trailer and husband,
before returning for Minnie Mouse the mule.
Minnie comes home.
We got her into the trailer, but I'm not
sure how. The little mule was clothes-lined as she tried to
slip past us. Minnie struggled to get free, as we shoved a
rope-halter onto her head. She whipped around and a tiny overgrown
hoof grazed my cheek, so no one volunteered to go into the
trailer with her.
We got her loaded and as soon as the door was
slammed shut, she erupted inside my horse trailer. The receipt
for this Tasmanian Devil was handed to me, while I stood looking
at the noisy trailer. A little brown head with longish ears
and frightened eyes popped up every few seconds in front of
the window. "What the heck did I just get myself into?"
That's when I inquired about any information
that might be known about her. The care-taker shrugged and
suggested that the mini was around 10 years old and thought
the previous owner's kids rode her. Well, okay,
but they must not have liked their kids very much.
After the short ride home, we parked the trailer,
which had become eerily quiet. I opened the door just enough
to see two big brown frightened mouse-eyes peering back at
me. I gingerly slid the lead rope through the narrow opening
and up to her halter, which was all askew on her head.
Later in her paddock, I could get a better look
at her. Her tail was one solid mat from the end of her tail
bone to the ground where it had been dragged for awhile. I
would later learn to read that tail. A quick wag meant she
was about to launch one of her double-shot mule kicks with
painful accuracy.
As she explored her new surroundings, I made
up a story for Minnie Mouse. She had rarely felt human touch
that held any compassion for her well-being and she had probably
charged dangerously through a few smoke-filled auction arenas
as the afternoon's entertainment. Also, she likely passed
from one owner to another, many times, for right around $50.
Trimming Minnie's hooves from the safety
of the other side of the fence.
I wondered how I would get to that tail and
to those horribly overgrown hooves to trim them. I set about
trying to come up with a plan…and several back up plans.
As the weeks passed, I tried to make friends
with Miss Minnie. In return, I was shoved, kicked, knocked to my
knees in gravel, and made to feel as inept a horseperson as
I'd ever felt before. I realized that I would have to
come up with some new strategies for this little mule.
Several plans were considered. One was to put
a harness on her and pick her up off the ground using an engine
hoist. By suspending her a few inches off the ground we'd
remove her ability to kick. And we could have a little fun
with her in the process. Just kidding.
For this plan of attack, I enlisted my husband
and my friend Kim. Okay, so now you're asking yourself,
"If you can't get close to her, how the heck are
you going to put a harness on her?" Good question and
one I should have asked myself. The short answer is we couldn't
– at least not without incurring serious injuries.
Minnie had more moves than Mohammad Ali and
we had the bruises to prove it. She managed to send my 6 foot
5 inch husband onto his butt, she nearly took off Kim's
left earlobe with a lightening fast strike from a hind hoof,
and my farrier apron shielded me somewhat from a good whack
to my knee. We abandoned that plan before someone really got
Size doesn't matter! I
realized I'd never seen anything quite like Minnie.
She could stand nearly straight up on her front feet and kick
my hat off! If all her other tactics for getting me to leave
her alone failed she would threaten me with her big mule teeth.
Fortunately, it seemed she was offended by the taste of human
My final answer. My continued
attempts at gaining Minnie's trust were always met with
violent responses. So before she broke my spirit, the realization
set in that I had to tame this little shifty mule before I
could do anything to else for her. But she would need her
feet fixed before I could start working with her. It finally
hit me! In order to trim Minnie's feet, one of us was
going to need drugs!
An appointment was made for our friends and
horse care professionals, Richard Vetter DVM and his wife
Kathy, of Performance Equine Dentistry to come to my rescue.
My new plan was for Minnie to be sedated for a dental exam,
and then I could trim her hooves while she was still asleep.
We rocked her world! When Dick
and Kathy and my brave friend, Kim, arrived for the big day,
we didn't actually have a plan worked out, but Dick
knew what he needed to do. "Be careful," I warned
him, "she kicks like a…well, you know."
It was apparent this wasn't going to be
the ordinary course of action Dick would take to sedate a
horse for routine dental work. We needed to knock the bitty
little mule out cold!
Extreme mule makeover.
Extreme Mule Makeover. Dick
really went above and beyond what I would expect from veterinarian
in this case. He actually got right down on his belly to work
in Minnie's mouth. Kathy held her steady and Kim cut
off her matted tail, while I trimmed her hooves as best I
could in a sideways position. There wasn't time to waste!
We worked as efficiently as a NASCAR pit-crew. Vroom!
Once the important work was done, we discussed
trying a hobble on Minnie. An Australian hobble, which Dick
was familiar with being used on horses with anger management
issues. It was clear to me that hobbles would remove most
of the risk involved in working with her, and her feet. I
was excited!
Hobbles attached to Minnie's legs. When we
let her up she was not a happy hinny.
Dick had the sleeping mule's legs all
tied up with cotton ropes just as she began to come around.
For fear that Minnie would hurt herself, we women continually
expressed our doubts as the process went along, but Dick was
passively persistent and didn't listen to us.
Don't try this at home.
Hobbling a horse, or mule, in this manner is not something
anyone except a qualified professional should try. Having
a veterinarian/horseman applying this type of hobble was the
only way it could be successful. By that I mean, Dick could
patch up any injuries we inflicted on her. You know…stuff
As the anesthesia wore off and Minnie started
coming back to life with the hobbles in place, she needed
to learn to walk in them. We anticipated a learning curve,
but when she realized something was amiss with her feet, she
began to struggle, sending her body in every direction, bouncing
off her nose several times. She was confused, upset, scared,
and… well, one hacked-off little mule. That was hard
to watch, but I admit to a wee bit of satisfaction at the
same time.
Day Two: Minnie modeling her new rain sheet.
Her hooves look so much better.
Kathy Vetter had suggested that because of Minnie's
size, head-shape and ears, she might actually be a hinny:
the product of a donkey dam and a horse sire, rather than
a mare and a jack which produces a mule. After that, I no
longer considered her a mean mule, but a harmless hinny, which
gave me hope for Little Minnie Hinny.
Our work begins. Minnie was
not such a harmless hinny after all. She had such an aversion
to human touch, that when I stroked her on areas of her body
that she was most protective, she'd make foal-mouthing
gestures and groan at me - from one end, and from the other
end, she would squat and urinate.
Acceptance of my touch was her only recourse
with her legs coupled together, and the process was transforming
her into a different animal. I was happy to finally find a
way to get through to her, yet, sad that this only way we
knew to help her. If anyone else had found Minnie as unsafe
as she actually was, it's possible that she would have
been put down.
Every day for a week, I talked to her and rubbed
her all over getting her more comfortable. I picked up her
feet and when she tried to kick me she would nearly send herself
careening forward. She soon realized that well-placed kicks
were no longer available to her for getting rid of pesky humans.
Minnie resorted to using her teeth and pushing
me away with her head. Whenever she did that, I simply rubbed
her head a bit more vigorously than she liked. She quickly
tired of that technique and stopped using her mouth, without
causing her to become head-shy.
She was adept at shoving her body into mine
to knock me off balance. It was a good strategy for her to
use on me because I'm not as nimble as I once was, but
how could she know I've watched a few Jackie Chan movies
and had a few cagey moves of my own.
Progress! She quickly learned
to pick up her front feet and politely offer each one to me
at my request. Nice! It will take longer for her to feel okay
about bringing her front feet forward. Her hinds are more
difficult, but she's getting better.
After some progress had been made on her left side
that I felt comfortable removing her left hobble, I
could not wait to get it off of her leg! I knew it was
rubbing her pastern and I wanted to apply something
to her irritated skin. She was more apprehensive about
accepting me on her right side, so that rope was removed
a few days later.
I hoped she had learned by now that "Kicking
was not okay." And I was less fearful that she
would try to drill me with both hinds at the same time
Contact Heel First Landings
to arrange for an initial consultation and first trim. Your
horse could soon reach new levels of well being and performance,
and you'll be able to enjoy your horse again.
more Success Stories
| Trimming
| Training | Events
& Clinics | Success Stories
Valuable Info & Links |
FAQs | About
Us | Contact Us
in Horses with Hoof Pathology and Lameness Issues
Patricia Morgan Wagner
Certified Hoof Rehabilitation
Rainier, WA
© Copyright 2005-
design, hosting and maintenance by: New Tech Web, Inc.


text:
Amancay Nahuelpan-Bustamante (pronounced Aman-kay Na-well-pan) was born in Canada and grew up in Chile. He has been working as an Independent Artist since 2006, that year he published Hijos de P, a noir genre comic, winner of the Chilean Pofessional Institute's Fantasy and Comics Festival Award for Best Artist and Best Series in 2007 (Hijos de P is currently available for free through Graphicly). During the years 2006 - 2007 he worked for Caleuche Comics, an Independent Chilean Publisher, and for the horror web comic site Mortis.cl. During the years 2008 -2009 he participated in the Zuda Comics Competitions. In 2009 he returned to Vancouver and has been working on several Independent Graphic Novels, Anthologies and creator owned projects (Duppy'78, Blanco Experimental, 21 Journeys, Giants of Main Street, within others.). Amancay graduated from the Catholic University of Temuco with a Major in Interior Design. He has also been illustrating several Educational Books in Chile, Spain and Canada, as well as other commercial artwork and design for several companies. In October 2011 he joined the Ashcan Allstars blog to showcase every week a different sketch with a related theme. After living for a year during 2011- 2012 in Spain, he returned to Vancouver, where he currently lives.
You can contact him directly through his email: amancay.nnb [at] gmail [dot] com
Twitter: annbonlineTumblr: annbonlineSequential pages blog: annbonline
Published work.


text:
Updated: August 17, 2012 6:07AM
CELEBRITIES BORN ON THIS DAY: AnnaLynne McCord, 25; Jayma Mays, 33; Corey Feldman, 41; Will Ferrell, 45.
◆ARIES (March 21-April 19): Face your troubles head-on. Your ability to stand up to anyone will put you in command and enable you to show your talent. 4 stars
◆TAURUS (April 20-May 20): Say less and do more. Opposition will surface if you are too vocal. What you accomplish at the end of the day is what will count. Take action and you'll be the one who reaps the rewards. 3 stars
◆GEMINI (May 21-June 20): Set your priorities and strive for attainable goals. Discussing plans with family will lead to a challenge that will motivate you to make alterations to your life. 3 stars
◆CANCER (June 21-July 22): Don't give anyone the opportunity to take over, but you have to be honest about your capabilities. Rewards will develop if you do what you say and say what you do. 3 stars
◆LEO (July 23-Aug. 22): Share what you have to offer, and your leadership ability will surface. Push your way to the top and own your position openly. 4 stars
◆VIRGO (Aug. 23-Sept. 22): Success will come from following your heart and using your skills to get ahead. Concern over what others do will slow you down. Focus on the moment and what you have to offer. 2 stars
◆LIBRA (Sept. 23-Oct. 22): Travel, intrigue and learning should be your goals. Getting together with inspiring people will help with an important decision. Love is highlighted, and planning romance is recommended. A partnership will improve your future. 5 stars
◆SCORPIO (Oct. 23-Nov. 21): Refuse to let someone who doesn't understand the nature of what you do intervene or push you in the wrong direction. Disregard any complaints you receive. You'll surpass expectations when everyone sees the results you get from your hard work. 3 stars
◆SAGITTARIUS (Nov. 22-Dec. 21): Someone close to you will reveal what you really have to offer, so don't exaggerate. A past lover or business partner will offer you something interesting. Consider the changes entailed before making a commitment. 3 stars
◆CAPRICORN (Dec. 22-Jan. 19): An idea brought to your attention has potential. Develop a plan that will benefit everyone with a vested interest in what you are doing. Experience will help you recognize why something similar didn't work in the past. 3 stars
◆AQUARIUS (Jan. 20-Feb. 18): Improve your home life with a minor adjustment. Sharing what you have with someone will open up opportunities to do more of the things you enjoy doing most. Love is on the rise, and a promise will stabilize your life. 3 stars
◆PISCES (Feb. 19-March 20): Less talk and more action will help you avoid complaints. Focus on what you can do to make your surroundings more comfortable. Don't be fooled by what someone says. Chances are good the truth is not being told. 5 stars
IF JULY 16 IS YOUR BIRTHDAY: Look for ways to use your skills more diversely. Make your home more conducive to creativity, work and getting ahead, and you will find a way to bring in extra cash. Romance is highlighted this year, if you are open to change. How you perceive others will improve your relationships both personally and professionally. Your numbers are 8, 13, 24, 28, 32, 39, 43.


text:
Annual Conference in San Antonio November 13-15
Click over to the Conferences page for registration, program, and hotel information, plus guides to cultural events, dining, and airport transportation.
Proceedings Volume 40 Now Online
Volume 40 (2012) has now been published online. Click over to the Proceedings page to view this and earlier issues.
Congratulations to the 2014 Prize Winners!
Millstone Fellowship: Elizabeth Everton, Concordia University. "National Heroines: Women and the Radical Right during the Dreyfus Affair"
Edward T. Gargan Prize: Whitney Abernathy, Boston College. "Religion, Sexuality, Power: The French in Morocco, 1900-1914"
Ronald S. Love Prize: Christina Carroll, UNC-Chapel Hill. "Defining 'Empire' under Napoleon III: Lucien-Anatole Prévost-Paradol and Paul Leroy-Beaulieu"
Millstone Prize: Linda Stratford, Asbury University. "Cadillacs, Jet Planes and H-Bombs: American Art in France Following the Liberation."


text:
Select () or exclude () categories to narrow your recipe search.
As you select categories, the number of matching recipes will update.
Find exactly what you're looking for with the web's most powerful recipe filtering tool.
Summer is no time for a fussy dessert. With these simple pies and cobblers, you can get your sweet fix without breaking a sweat.
Our 20 favorite pies & cobblers »
Featured: Peach Cobbler
We're serving them up roasted, smoked, grilled and saucy. You'll need five napkins, for sure.All our pork rib recipes »
Try our home cooks' best picks for slow-roasted, smoked and grilled beef ribs.All our beef rib recipes »
Find the right pork recipe to star at your next meal.All our barbecue pork recipes »
Make like a grill master with these summertime dishes.All our barbecue recipes »
It's just not a cookout without this classic side dish.All our potato salad recipes »
See creative and classic takes on this popular picnic staple.All our pasta salad recipes »
Complete any barbecue menu with our top seasonal sides.


text:
tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-10389639126317396762014-11-21T21:41:15.584+01:00CaffenolDedicated to the power of Caffenol and Caffenol-C film developer made of:

instant coffee, washing soda and vitamin-C.

Competes with the best developers available

 This developer deserves more attention.

 Time for a cup of coffee....

 Ifyou are new to Caffenol development or looking for the basics, please start from the beginning, first post March 2010imagesfrugaleshttp://email@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-1038963912631739676.post-37021645792440618052014-02-20T18:02:00.002+01:002014-02-20T18:02:45.895+01:00Rezepte

for my german friends... Don't worry, this blog stays in englisch language. This post is an exeption.

Das Bild kann wie alles von mir ohne weitere Nachfrage nichtkommerziell frei benutzt werden. Klick ins Bild für eine größere Darstellung.

Viele Grüße - Reinholdimagesfrugaleshttp://email@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-1038963912631739676.post-90863750692987524562014-01-02T17:53:00.000+01:002014-01-02T17:53:32.180+01:00How to avoid spotsOften it's not easy to get clean negatives without spots, drying marks etc. Fernando e.g. asked what he can do to get rid of these spots. Instead of a reply as a comment here my thoughts about avoiding spots with all kinds of films:

Hi Fernando, the thin emulsions of microfilms show every fault unmercifully. No, I don't filter the mix, but I found that using destilled water for the developer is neccessary for microfilms no matter which developer you use. And the fixer can make problems. I sometimes had masses of white spots with most films and after trying a lot there was no other explanation left that the fixer had to be blamed. Now I use a more than 30 years old Agefix (no joke!) and have the cleanest negs ever. When the bottle is empty I will buy only premium branded fixer and nothing else. And again, use destilled water for the fixer! I had 2 different but cheap fixers causing many problems.

Rinsing I do with tap water, the final one again with destilled water that got a dash of dish soap. Put the film completely in this bath, then hang to dry and pour the bath with the dish soap over the film on both sides. No wiping. imagesfrugaleshttp://firstname.lastname@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-1038963912631739676.post-8754183593634594932014-01-01T21:34:00.000+01:002014-01-02T10:46:32.552+01:00happy new year
Happy new year 2014 everybody.

Medium format quality with slow technical (micro) 35mm films and Caffenol-C as a great and cheap developer compared to the dedicated and expensive soups? Yes, why not? The results are first class using a proven recipe and adjusted dev times. Using really fine resolving zoom lenses at bright sunshine make it possible to get great results even handheld, of course fast prime lenses are first choice for every subject.

There are also films from fresh production as Rollei ATO, Rollei Ortho 25, Rollei ATP, Agfa Copex Rapid, and of course the new Kentmere/RPX 25. The latter are not technical films and will probably need some more minutes dev time.

Another sample from the excellent Kodak Technical Pan, developed 12 minutes at 20 °C in Caffenol-C-L with 0.1 g/l pot. bromide, regular agitation, means first 60 seconds continuously, thereafter 3x every minute. Excellent tonal range even at heavy backlight.

Love and peace - Reinhold

click for a bigger size

imagesfrugaleshttp://firstname.lastname@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-1038963912631739676.post-89185578993503993242013-06-10T16:54:00.000+02:002013-06-10T16:55:08.290+02:00Announcement
 Hello Coffeeholics!

Since the disastrous change at flickr many of my friends left the site and moved elsewhere, and so did I. You can see us here now:

ipernity

The new Caffenol group and my own account are shown in the linklist.

Don't look back - Reinhold

Agfa Copex Rapid 35 mm film, Caffenol-C-L

imagesfrugaleshttp://firstname.lastname@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-1038963912631739676.post-37155932193706281072013-05-06T09:30:00.001+02:002013-05-06T10:06:45.861+02:00more microfilms - Copex Rapid
Microfilms are a little bit delicate to process, because the extremely thin emulsions are very contrasty as they shall be regarding the original purpose. Anyhow, for pictorial use we don't need specialized and very expensive developers as some distributors want to make you believe. Simple Rodinal 1:100 or 1:200 already gives nice results. And Caffenol-C used in an adapted manner produces state-of-the-art results.

Here we talk about the Copex Rapid from Agfa Belgium. I got it in an older package as the so called "gigabitfilm", and yes, the naming imho was a serious aberration of taste and the film was sold together with an expensive and very doubious developer. That initially brought the whole category of microfilms into discredit.But enough wining about people who only want to empty your pockets. This blog is ad-free and will stay so as long as the host will allow it. Caffenol strikes again!

Caffenol-C-L is a weak or compensating developer ideal for extended stand development or for a low contrast development in some minutes. Here I used Caffenol-C-L with no restrainer (no KBr or salt) for 13 minutes/20°C, regular agitation (30 sec initially, 3x every min) and the film was exposed at EI 50. The strong backlight is a challenge for any film/developer combo and of course you need a proper exposure.I metered the foreground, added 3 stops (for the zonies: it was set to zone 2) and still have a good tonal resolution in the sky. The Copex Rapid is told to handle a contrast range of 14 stops, try that with your full format DSLR ;-) Grain is virtually not existent or not resolvable with my humble Canoscan 8800F. The density range of this negative is D = 0.2 - 1.8, so it should be printable perfectly on silver paper.

The very thin emulsions of microfilms only need a very short fixing time, maybe less than 10 seconds, in normal strenght fixer, so you should dilute your fixer much more to get at least a fixing time of 1 minute to not overfix the negs. Make a clearing test!

Best regards - Reinhold
imagesfrugaleshttp://email@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-1038963912631739676.post-20524972917906611232013-02-05T01:25:00.002+01:002013-02-05T01:40:05.825+01:00Kodak BW400CN
Recently I shot my first roll of Kodak BW400CN, a chromogenic b/w film. A first experiance in C41 color developer slightly pushed turned out very good at EI 1600, and I wanted to try Caffenol. I'm not a big fan of color film developed in b/w developer, but this BW400CN developed in Caffenol-C-L is as good as developed in color developer. No doubt. This film is ideal for high speed purposes and hybrid workflow. You can push this film a lot and still don't get to much contrast, for the sample image attached here I even had to enhance the contrast in pp. Grain is still very small, almost unvisible with my Canoscan 8800F. The look is very different from other films, probably ideal for taming highest contrasts. The orange mask is very transparent and the base fog very low.

So here's a sample, no masterpiece for sure, but showing the character of the film under very low light conditions at EI 1600, simple average metering with my trusty Canon A1. Developed in Caffenol-C-L semi stand with 0.5 g/l pot bromide, 20 °C, 70 minutes, fixed in regular bw fixer, increased contrast (s-curve) in Gimp.

Best - Reinhold imagesfrugaleshttp://email@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-1038963912631739676.post-77720001540669104582012-11-26T10:02:00.000+01:002012-11-26T10:08:45.941+01:00The Caffenol Cookbook and Bible
.... is a project surely worth not only an entry in the link list but also an extra posting. And no, the book is not sold for money to make us rich, it's available for everyone online and totally free by Community Spirit Publications. Made by nine well known Caffenol cooks under the project leadership of the fabulous large format photographer Bo Sibbern-Larsen. I'm very proud to be part of this project. See a bunch of fine Caffenol developed pictures and get lots of infos about this marvellous developer. There are still some minor imperfections of the web design, but really enjoyable to look and read. So here I proudly present:

http://www.caffenol-cookbook.com/

Thank you very much for your enthusiasm and patience, Bo.

imagesfrugaleshttp://firstname.lastname@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-1038963912631739676.post-57260772565644532972012-10-06T08:47:00.002+02:002012-10-06T08:53:51.224+02:00Caffenol-C-F and Cardinal
After a few more results with Caffenol-C-F I have to state that compared with my other Caffenol receipes this is a weak developer giving thinner negatives. It has less Vit-C and the sulfite is also slowing down the development. So for boxspeed you might need about 20 minutes development time, Also less sulfite may be good for better film speed, maybe 30 or 40 g/l. You can play with the amount of sulfite without any other change, but you probably have to adjust the dev time. We see exactly the same behaviour as with regular fine grain developers, smaller grain -> less speed. But together with Rodinal/Parodinal we get a developer on steroids, still producing acceptable fine grain. And still we need more experiances with Caffenol-C-F and the Cardinal developer.

And no, there won't be a pope developer. The original latin "cardinalis" has nothing to do with katholizism, nor do I.

TMax 400 @ 800, Cardinal developer 12 minutes, 20 °C, regular agitation. The Tmax 400 was difficult in Caffenol-C, a lot of fog and rather large grain. Now we have reasonable fine grain, no fog and speeds up to 3200.

Best - Reinholdimagesfrugaleshttp://email@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-1038963912631739676.post-3569521965297128392012-08-15T00:37:00.000+02:002012-08-20T16:20:36.884+02:00New recipes
Hi guys, something new after a long time. I had lots of fun with Caffenol-C developers in the past and wanted to try something new for me.

Caffenol-C and it's many variants are not real fine grain developers, although Caffenol-C-L is better than most others in this regard. Many commercial fine grain developers use sodium sulfite as a silver solvent agent, making grain smaller in high concentrations. One of the most famous for sure is D-76, containing 100 g/l sulfite in the stock solution. Lower amounts are used as a preservative. For another purpose it is used in waterbeds, it's sold here sometimes as "bubble ex". And that's how I got it from a waterbed supplier, 400 g for 4,60 Euro, shipping included. Not a big venture ;-)

Another thing was adding Rodinal to a Caffenol-C, using a third developing agent for synergistic work and hopefully better film speed. It already worked, but grain was pretty big. Could sulfite be the solution? And could homebrewed Parodinal from Paracetamol painkiller pills substitute the Rodinal? Will we get the desired film speed? Will we get reasonable fine grain? The target is at least EI 1600 from an ISO 400 film, more is better, and grain should be much smaller than with a Delta 3200 for example. That's a great film, speed and shadow details are splendid in many developers, but very expensive and grain is pretty huge for 35 mm film.

So here's the new Caffenol-C-F recipe, F means fine grain:

washing soda waterfree 17 g/l

Vit-C 4 g/l

sodium sulfite aka "bubble ex" 50 g/l

instant coffee 40 g/l

pot. bromide 1 g/l

Together with Rodinal 20 ml/l = 1:50 it worked perfect, so I brewed Parodinal according to Donald Qualls recipe:

http://silent1.home.netcom.com/Photography/Dilutions%20and%20Times.html#Parodinal

250 ml water

30 tablets @ 500 mg Acetaminophen (Paracetamol, Tylenol)

sodium sulfite, anhydrous, 50 g

sodium hydroxide 20

Again the sulfite was the "bubble ex" and the hydroxide was "drain free" or "Rohrfrei" in german. If there should be small aluminium chips in there, remove them with a plier.

Use protective gloves and glasses. Never pour water over the hydroxide, give small amounts of hydroxide into the water at the time. Cool the mug in cool water while diluting the hydroxide. Be careful! Stay away if any doubts!!!

I let stand the fresh Parodinal for 3 days, then I use it. See how it worked.

The Cardinal developer - Caffenol-C-F with Parodinal 20 ml/l

This is a completely homebrewed developer.

The first one is HP5+ as 35 mm film at EI 3200 in Caffenol-C-F with Parodinal 20 ml/l developer, I call it the Cardinal developer.

So the grain is razor sharp and small, scanned with a high resolving Minolta Scan Dual II. Some brightening was necessary in postprocessing, but nothing too dramatic.

Now I tried the TMax 400, 35 mm film, in Cardinal developer. The film was a delicate candidate in Caffenol so far, lots of fog and quite ugly grain at high speed. So again the TMax400 was exposed at EI 3200, developed 15 minutes @ 22 °C in Cardinal, agitation first minute constantly, then 3x every 2 minutes.

Shot in bright sunlight with a Minolta Dynax (Maxxum) 700si with battery grip shutter speed of 1/4000 and a stopped down tele lens, the neg is really contrasty and reminds of a transparency. How I love the look! The 35 mm film was scanned with the reliable Canoscan 8800F, needing some unsharp masking in postprocessing but with better tones and I love the result. The Tmax400 shows almost no fog, very, very small grain for EI 3200 and - of course - a bit compressed tones. For better shadow detail and easier silver prints you should restrict the exposure to EI 1600 and are rewarded with splendid tones, very fine grain and exquisite sharpness at EI 1600 - I'm glowing! Let's hope that Kodak will survive.

This thing is whole new for me. Strangely enough I didn't use the new Caffenol-C-F alone, without Rodinal/Parodinal, but I have no doubts that it will be a great Caffenol-C developer and maybe surpass and replace my other Caffenol variants easily. I will report - promised!

Finally I have to give credits - huge credits! I didn't invent anything. I only collected some infos spread in the web and put them together according to my needs:

- Dr. Scott A. Williams and his 1995 technical photography class at the R.I.T. - the Caffenol pioneers!

- Donald Qualls and his omnipresence in the universe of homebrewed developers

- Steve Anchell for his great "darkroom cookbook"

- all the guys at "The new Caffenol home" group at flickr for their constant help, encouragement and inspiration

- and the many mostly unnamed friends in the www like Rob, Mike "the englishman in France", Larry, Henrique, Dirk, another Dirk, Gerald, Jon, Khoa, Adrian, Volker, Micha, Berthold ..... just to name a very few by their first names, they will know.......

Thank you very much!

Best - Reinhold

imagesfrugaleshttp://email@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-1038963912631739676.post-71035307121440054782012-04-26T12:50:00.002+02:002012-04-26T12:57:15.520+02:00Fixer 2 - errare humanum est
Hi folks,

I stated before that salt will not fix photographic film, but I was wrong. Yes, I tested it and it didn't work, but under special circumstances you can use kitchen salt as a fixer. So how to?

You must use a highly concentrated solution of table salt of about 300 g/l. That's a lot! That's really a lot!!! Maximum solubility is 359 g/l, so the suggested solution is almost saturated and the diluting process takes some time and/or a lot of stirring. Furthermore the fixing takes a lot of time, after about 24 hours the exposed at room light but undeveloped little piece of APX100 was clear. Since fixing time is said to have to be doubble of the clearing time, expect a total fixing time of 2 days! Rising the temperature to 30 or 40 °C will shorten the time to a couple of hours, but I don't want to "cook" my bw-films.

The perfect clear snippet of the film then was developed and no blackening at all occured, indicating that no silver halide was hold back in the emulsion. I developed with Caffenol-C-M and the film snippet got a remarkable brown tint. I noticed before that some films have a stronger brown tint if they are developed with salt as a restrainer, of course with much less salt. But of course usually the negs are first developed and then fixed, so I expect no problems.

I tried regular non-iodized table salt and iodized table salt, both work about the same. Both contain a small amount of anti-caking agent: E 535 aka hexacyanoferrat(II). Since the amount is very small - max. 20 mg/kg - I don't think it has an influence. But never say never again, hahaha.

So it's good to know that there is an alternative to thiosulphate based fixers. Be it if you live abroad or can't get regular fixer for what reason ever or simply because you like it, it's good to know. I will continue fixing with the regular one because it only takes a few minutes, but NEVER SAY NEVER AGAIN.

All these insights I owe Sir Henrique the "Cronocrator" and his fine blog: http://caffenolcolor.blogspot.de/ and the corresponding discussion in "the new Caffenol home" group at flickr. Thank you very much, guys.

Some questions are left, f.e. we have no explanation why it works and how other films behave, especially films like TMax or Delta. So before using this method you should make own trials with the film and salt you use before you ruin important negs. It's simple. Cut a small piece from the leader of 35 mm film, put it in a solution of 300 g/l salt, wait and see. Should be done in a simple glass mug.

Now after so much salt I urgently need a COFFEE!!!

Best - Reinhold
imagesfrugaleshttp://firstname.lastname@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-1038963912631739676.post-14141320989845186992012-04-12T18:11:00.000+02:002012-04-26T15:20:06.719+02:00Fixer
There's absolutely no way to invent an environmental safe fixer. No way at all! Problem are the unused and removed silver salts from the emulsion, they come from the film and they are toxic for micro organisms. If you don't remove these salts, you do not fix! The commonly used thiosulphates (hypo) alone are of very, very low toxicity, the silver ions are the problem.

Kitchen salt doesn't work at all as a fixer, beleave me, I tested it. And I don't know of any reliable source that can confirm kitchen salt works as a fixer with modern films. And even if it should work (again, it doesn't!) still you would have to dispose the used fixer environmentally safe!!!

So use your regular fixer without bad consious. A "bio"-fix does NOT and can NOT exist. Proper disposal and re-using the toxic and expensive silver is the only way that makes sense, for us AND the environment.

I'm really getting tired answering this question: salt does NOT work as a fixer. No matter how often it is claimed. This is a myth coming from the 19th century!!!

Important update, see next post: Fixer 2. I don't delete this post, it's part of my own Caffenol history.
imagesfrugaleshttp://email@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-1038963912631739676.post-999509075528860522012-04-09T06:56:00.001+02:002012-04-09T06:58:26.958+02:00My new photo blog
No recent posts, what's happening with the Caffenol blog?

Most secrets about coffee based bw film development are no secrets any more. Also the flickr Caffenol group is rather quiet now, people are very successful all over the world with Caffenol and they create awesome pictures. My recipes have become a kind of worldwide standard, if anyone wants a standard at all. In the very first line I did this all for myself and got the most reliable developer I can think of.. Always fresh, never again think about shelf live, non-toxic and environmental safe, pleeeeasing results, what more can you ask for?

You could add all the well known agents from conventional developers like sulphites to get a real fine grain developer or experiment with other additives. But that's not my cup of "tea" anymore.

So, this blog will stay alive as long as Google will let it live. Every once in a while I will come back here and maybe post something or not.

I started a new blog and anyone is invited to have look. I will post pictures from the past and recent ones. Digitally captured or film based. BW, monochrome or colour, frugal images hopefully:

 Imagesfrugales
Best wishes for everybody - Reinhold

Here's a pic on long expired Efke KB 25, exposure index 40, developed in Caffenol-C-L with 0.5 g/l KBr, 45 minutes semi-stand at 20 °C. Very dense highlights, should have been developed at less time. Digitally split toned with Gimp.

 Time for a huge english style breakfirst and a delicious cup of coffee - italian style of course.

imagesfrugaleshttp://firstname.lastname@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-1038963912631739676.post-79918197232910487022012-02-12T12:50:00.001+01:002012-02-12T12:59:32.076+01:00Efke 25 - Caffenol-C-L

I was waiting for a large format contri, but it didn't arrive. So here we go with another story. The Efke R 25 was exposed with EI 50. Caffenol-C-L with 6 g/l iodized salt, agitation 1st minute continuously, let stand for 60 minutes. No prewash. Lot of uneven development, this one is the best and shows the potential. Maybe prewash and some more agitation will help, also some pot bromide. Almost no grain, beautiful tones, 6x6 neg here. The Efke is a rude film, curls like hell and attracts dust like a vacuum cleaner, the film base is like an optical fiber. I hate PET film base. As the wet emulsion is very scratch sensitiv I didn't wipe the film before drying. Result: littered with small white drying marks and dust, dust, dust...

Tones are nice, but what a pain in the a.. the darkroom and scanning handling is.
imagesfrugaleshttp://firstname.lastname@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-1038963912631739676.post-335654725430075522012-01-01T11:19:00.000+01:002012-01-01T11:19:29.273+01:00happy new yearI wish everybody a happy new year 2012 filled with love and peace

Reinhold

HP5+, Caffenol-C-L
imagesfrugaleshttp://email@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-1038963912631739676.post-22945591215167078912011-11-05T00:43:00.000+01:002011-11-05T00:43:47.611+01:00200000.... clicks in about 1.5 years. Time for a little celebration and - above all - to give credit to everyone who encouraged and supported me or contributed with her/his knowledge here or elsewhere. Also the film donations I received were extremely helpful, so THANK YOU VERY MUCH.

White rose shot with 3.5/50 Canon FD macro lens, illuminated with a 40 watt clamp lamp, exposed on long expired Kodak Technical Pan, stand devloped for only 12 minutes in Caffenol-C-L with 0.1 g/l pot. bromide at 20 °C, gentle agitation 1st minute cont., then let stand.

Cheers - Reinholdimagesfrugaleshttp://firstname.lastname@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-1038963912631739676.post-12080489927382635692011-10-19T02:57:00.003+02:002011-11-03T08:41:01.712+01:00first exhibition
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Since last sunday, more than 30 of my pictures, mostly portraits of musicians, are exposed in the Jazzhaus Heidelberg. Most of them are shot on film that was developed with one of my Caffenol variants. Thank you Peter Antony for capturing this kind of "interview" :-) and sorry for the typo.imagesfrugaleshttp://email@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-1038963912631739676.post-40560681326901519212011-09-18T15:41:00.001+02:002011-09-18T15:47:57.881+02:00microfilm or high res low speed filmTo be honest these are my first experiances with this kind of films. Resolutions of about 600 - 800 linepairs/millimeter at 1:1000 contrast and a gamma of about 3 in their typical applications are the benchmarks. For regular photography they need to be developed very compensating, often used are special developers. But also high diluted Rodinal can be used, f.e. 1:100 and a very short dev time below 10 minutes.

I was given a big box of long time expired films like Kodak Technical Pan, Kodak Imagelink, Agfa Ortho etc. in 35mm format and the first result with Technical Pan in Rodinal was very promising.for the second try I used Caffenol-C-L and it came out even better. 15 minutes with regular agitation (initially 10 times, then 3 times every minute) at 20 °C and with 0.4 g/l pot bromide, because I read that streaks are a common problem with this kind of films. I exposed at EI 50, but 25 or so maybe would have been better, but I need more data for this rating. As the negs were slightly underexposed, I had to brighten the images a bit in postprocessing, but not too much.

I am very pleased with the results, no fog at all, perfect even development, crystal clear transparent base. The TechPan with the panchromatic sensitation (up to 700 nm) has a nice tonal rendering, the grain is invisible and not resolvable with my scanner, sharpness is extraordinary. A pity this film is not available from new production. Despite of strong backlight no tonal rendering probs and no halation effect at all, the tiny cables are resolved perfectly against the bright sky even in the distance. That's really something!

If you want to go into high resolution film based photography I recommend that you try Agfa Copex Rapid, that is made by Agfa-Gevaert in Belgium. Drawback is the PET filmbase, so the film must be loaded/unloaded in almost complete darkness. The ESTAR base of TechPan is easy to handle besides a strong ugly curl.

Inportant note: I found that using demineralized water is necessary for the developer and the final rinse and I very gently wipe the wet film, otherwise I get masses of small dots on the film. Treated as described here and the dots are gone completely.

Cheers - Reinholdimagesfrugaleshttp://firstname.lastname@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-1038963912631739676.post-78429399704615614922011-08-25T04:46:00.006+02:002011-08-25T05:48:45.940+02:00it's so easy

Hello coffeeholics,

some new interesting facts from the still growing worldwide community using coffee as a main agent for b/w-film development. I was never really satisfied with TriX in Caffenol, but when I saw the fine results of Thomas I had to think over my estimations. Secondly his system for developing at boxspeed and a 2 stop push with Caffenol-C-L is simply brilliant. You mustn't tweak your developer depending on the used film brand or desired speed, simply adjust the dev time. He did it with great results and many different films at different speeds and temperatures and his method is incredibly easy. Let's read what he wrote:

-------------------------------------------------

i did develop my b&w films for quite some time using highly diluted rodinal and stand development and was very happy with the results and especially also with the uncomplicated way of doing it: one developer for normal and push development, no tweaking for film type or room temperature. the only problem i got was uneven development, especially in medium format. as i was not able to solve this problem i looked around and at that time - about a year ago - i read about your stand- and semi-stand development experiences with caffenol and gave it a try. i wanted to try this strange idea of developing films anyway. i just followed your caffenol c-l recipe and it worked perfectly for me (prewash for 5min, agitating 30sec at the beginning and then 3 times at 2, 4, 10 and 40 minutes and dumping the develper at 70min). the results were amazing and had much of what i liked about the rodinal stand development. at some point i also wanted to be able to use the films not pushed at box-speed and tried to reduce the development time to get there. after some experiments i ended up with 5min prewash, 30sec agitation at the beginning and then 3 times at 1, 5 and 15 minutes and dumping the developer at 30min.

these two strategies for developing film at box speed or with a two stop push i'm using since and it always worked. and that at temperatures from 20-25 degrees celsius and films varying from acros (100+400), agfa apx 100 (100+400), kodak tri-x (400+1600), tmx (100+400), tmy (400+1600), ilford fp4+ (100+400) and some others (the numbers in brackets are the filmspeed i used the films at). the results were always very good. to see some images developed that way, you may have a look at my flickr stream

vielen dank und liebe gruesse

t

---------------------------------------------------

Thank you very much, Thomas, for these easy to follow instructions. I have no doubt a similar procedure would work f.e. with Caffenol-C-M, maybe 7 or 8 minutes for boxspeed and 15 minutes for a push +2 development and regular agitation.

Cheers - Reinhold

 imagesfrugaleshttp://firstname.lastname@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-1038963912631739676.post-7106110217948600732011-07-12T04:37:00.011+02:002011-07-12T06:01:41.760+02:00Rollei Retro 80s again
Hi everybody,

the Rollei Retro 80s, that in fact is an aerial film from Agfa-Gevaert/Belgium, I used it once before and the film shows extraordinary sharpness and finest grain together with an unusual tonal range. The 80s is extended sensitized for the near IR-range, not as much as the Efke, but still shows the typical IR effect. I supposed that optimal results would be achieved if an EI of 50 - 100 will be used at about 40 - 50 minutes stand development and it seems to be the sweet spot for this film. Gerald already has shown beautiful infrared pictures with this film on flickr, and Yannick uses a slightly different setup with a IR-filter that probably is not as strong as Geralds, and also does fine regular, non-IR photography with this film. It's a matter of taste, but I prefer the decent wood effect over the one from the Efke. The latter may look a bit overdone, the 80s has a more "natural" look imho.

Also non-IR photography works beautiful with the 80s, due to it's sensitization it's predestined for landscapes, but also portraiture works very nice and eases some skin irritations due to the low blue sensitivity. So this film behaves quite contrary to an orthopanchromatic film. A great film for many purposes and with a unique look. But now let's read and see what Yannick did with
this film. Thank you very much for your contribution, Yannick. Cheers - Reinhold

"Thanks to Gerald Figal, met on Flickr, I decided to use Rollei Eetro 80s film as he did, with an infrared filter and then developed in Caffenol-C-L. For this try, I wanted to use a twin lens reflex in order to see exactly what I wanted to photograph. I used a Rolleiflex old standard from the mid thirties because I had a push on infrared filter made by Agfa for Rollei in the thirties to.

I shot with the IR filter during a sunny day, at f/16 and 1 sec exposure (actually near 2s because the shutter is a bit tired). It means that the film was exposed for 3 iso. On the same roll, I exposed the RR80S without filter at 80 iso. The sniper was shot at f/8 and 1/5 sec, camera on a table. I stand developed the film as Gerald did, in Caffenol-C-L, at 20°c for 50 minutes.

Washing soda"Phoenix" (not waterfree!) : 20 g

 Vitamine C : 6 g
KBr : 0,6 g
Instant coffee Granarom (Lidl market) : 24 g

Kind regards from Troyes/France.

Yannick"

Note: Yannick uses a hydrated washing soda. He determined the water content and recalculated the needed amount. So it's a standard Caffenol-C-L recipe with 1 g/l pot. bromide. If you want to use iodized salt I suggest starting with 10 g/l (Reinhold)imagesfrugaleshttp://email@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-1038963912631739676.post-59330698285469612202011-07-11T03:00:00.008+02:002011-07-12T04:37:12.545+02:00the salt in the soup
Hi coffeeholics,

good news, using regular, non-iodized salt works as a restrainer and can replace iodized salt or potassium bromide.

For the test I made a demanding setup, Rollei RPX 400 @ 800 stand developed @ 24 °C in Caffenol-C-L urgently needs a restrainer, without you will have huge problems concerning massive fog and uneven, cloudy, streaky development. Last afternoon I shot the 35mm film and cut it into 3 peaces. One was developed with 20 g/l regular non-iodized table salt aka sodium cloride. For the second piece 12 g/l iodized salt (0.0025 % iodate) was added and the third piece got the addition of the well working 1.2 g/l potassium bromide aka KBr.

Regular table salt without iodine (20 g/l) works good enough to prevent any streaks or uneven clouds in the image, that you will get with stand development if no restrainer is used. Yellowish stain and quite a lot base fog can be noticed. Again, base fog is not as evil as often told as long as the develoment is even. I guess that 30 or even 40 g/l will be fine for fast films.

Iodized salt (12 g/l), although much less is used, works slightly better with a bit less base fog, but still even enough developed that the image is not disturbed, only some unevennes at the borders where the spiral covered the film during development. And the stain is also less. Iodine does a good job. I would now adjust the salt to 15- 20 g/l for fast films, slow films need less salt.

You can see that KBr (1.2 g/l) gives the least fog and no stain, perfectly even developed, no surprise at all.

I couldn't notice any significant differences in grain or effective film speed. EI 800 was fine.

Here's an example with the regular table salt, no post processing exept a bit unsharp maskening and scaling. The neg was really quite dark due to the high base fog level. Do you notice any drawbacks? I can't. And increasing the amount of salt will probably reduce the fog. But most important, the development is even, no streaks, no clouds, simply fine.

It was a rainy day, so an orange filter was used. Probably I overdeveloped a little bit. It was really war in my lab and temp increased up to 25 or 26 °C during development. There's a break point in time and temp, if you exceed it, the RPX 400 shows immediately increased fog and grain. So that was probably a little bit too much. But all three chunks were developed simultanously under the same conditions.

These are my very first experiances. Go and try regular table salt and let me know how it works for you. It will work with other Caffenol variants to. Sharing your experiances via The new Caffenol Home on flickr is much appreciated.

Cheers - Reinhold

important update: my flickr buddy Rob showed that salt (sodium cloride) causes dichroic fog. Since iodized salt is widely available it's recommended to use it because you need much less salt and dichroic fog is less. Adjusting the amounts for your needs is quite easy. Potassium bromide still is the best restrainer but I love the idea of using commonly available agents.imagesfrugaleshttp://firstname.lastname@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-1038963912631739676.post-21586481998138561642011-06-28T13:34:00.008+02:002011-07-03T11:18:34.923+02:00reuse or not?

Hi,

sometimes I reused a caffenol batch. Up to 2 weeks of storage I could not find any major drawbacks, maybe a slight loss of contrast. Here I reused an only 2 days old one, one 24 exp. 35mm film was developed with it. The negs were underdeveloped remarkable, the border printing was faint and overall density quite low. So I had to brighten up the images and work on the curves quite a lot. Fortunately there was still enough substance to do that. It whould have been a shame if this picture would have been ruined. So I stay on the safe side in the future and will discard the developer after a single use like I did in the beginning. But there's no need to hurry, the developer will remain usable at least some hours without degradation.

Rollei RPX400 @ 800, Caffenol-C-L with 1.5 g/l pot. bomide. 90 minutes 22 - 23 °C stand development. Presoak 5 minutes, constant agitation in the first minute, 3 gentle inversions at 2, 10 and 40 minutes.

Cheers - Reinhold

imagesfrugaleshttp://firstname.lastname@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-1038963912631739676.post-43479909576011093562011-06-19T17:12:00.012+02:002011-06-20T17:50:21.330+02:00Vit-C worldwide seller
Hi,

since Vit-C is difficult or not available, or only very expensive or in poor quality in some parts of the word, I thought it might be useful to post here a wordwide supplier of affordable 100 % pure ascorbic acid (Vit-C). It's a family owned business in the 4th generation, located in Germany and usually supplies bakeries and grain mills with bigger quantities. Smaller quantities he sells via an ebay.co.uk shop worldwide. Mr. Breinbauer's answer on my email inquiry was very fast and friendly. Prices and worldwide shipping are very attractive, no additional taxes.

breinbauerrohstoffe

You should store the Vit-C in the dark and in airtight boxes or bottles.

Added to the link list. I'm not related in any way to the owner of the shop, I just post the link for your conveniance.
imagesfrugaleshttp://email@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-1038963912631739676.post-23843607424796730412011-06-16T00:19:00.014+02:002011-06-16T01:03:08.640+02:00Infrared: Efke IR820Hi,

things "develop" more and more. Today I got a message from Gerald (Nashville, USA) about successful developments of the Efke IR820 in Caffenol-C-L. To be honest, I've seen some really ugly pictures (from a technical point of view) with this film souped in Caffenol. Gerald demonstrates impressively what's possible. WOW! Also you might want to have a look at his magnificent flickr stream:
Gerald @ flickr

Here's what he wrote:

"These images were taken with a Yashica Mat 124G loaded with medium format Efke IR 820 film. Exposures were in bright sun at f-16 for 1 second on a tripod, using a Hoya R72 deep red (infrared) filter, making the effective exposure index about iso 3.

The film was processed in a daylight tank using Reinhold's Caffenol-C-L recipe without modification for a 70-minute stand development at 20 degrees celsius after a 5-minute presoak in distilled water. Initial agitation was for 45 seconds (about 12 inversions) and then I did not touch it for the rest of the time. I used a plain water stop bath and Ilford Hypam to fix.

My source of sodium carbonate (washing soda) was Spa-Kem pH Plus (100% sodium carbonate) from Kem-Tek (http://www.kem-tek.com). I used crystalline ascorbic acid and Folger's Original Instant Coffee. The potassium bromide came from Photographer's Formulary.

Cheers,
Gerald"

Thank you very much, Gerald, for the detailed explanation, the supply sources and of course the beautiful pictures. I'm really proud I can post this report here.

BTW, I'm not related in any way to any of the merchands, producers etc. mentioned here on my blog. This blog is and always will be free of advertisements as long as the hoster supports that. I don't sell my soul ;-)

Best - Reinhold

imagesfrugaleshttp://email@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-1038963912631739676.post-41456747316336720852011-06-15T17:23:00.007+02:002011-06-15T17:41:38.673+02:00Ilford Delta 400 @ 800 - Caffenol-C-L
Here's a report from Kyle who got nice results with the Delta 400. Let's read what he writes:

"Hello my name is Kyle LeNoir. I have been doing film photography for 6 years. I currently work freelance as an event digital photographer and film photography tutor in chicago (USA). Stand processing is my preferred way to process film since I darkroom and alternative print or scan depending on the print size. So far I have done 10-12 rolls with C-C-L. I found the results comparable or better to standing in rodinal 1:100 or GSD-10. I am thinking of changing my times to 60min to ease printing in wet darkroom.

Caffenol C-C-L @70 degrees Fahrenheit
nescafe clasico instant coffee
jacquard soda ash (anhydrous)
Vitamin Shoppe C-1000 Powder (Ultra-fine ascorbic powder)
photoformulary potassium bromide ( I used 1.5g per liter)
Ingredients weighted with black box jewelry scale
Camera was an agfa isolette II with apotar lens and metered with a sekonic studio deluxe (incident)
Epson Perfection V750 (no post processing except for cropping,setting white and black points,resizing)

slow agitation for first min (15 tilts) left still for 60min.

Ilford Delta 400@800 was a pleasant surprise. I have never been a fan of the look of this films tonality. I decided to give it another chance while on my local film store visit. The results were better in C-C-L than any other developer I used with this film so far. I got the tones I wanted from the film finally. The roll gave an good amount of overall detail and printed in the darkroom very well. I feel pretty confident that it should do pretty well at @1600."

Thank you very much, Kyle. Indeed looks like EI 1600 is very possible.

Cheers - Reinhold

imagesfrugaleshttp://firstname.lastname@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-1038963912631739676.post-80491628926706425312011-05-31T02:37:00.002+02:002011-07-12T05:58:27.852+02:00iodized kitchen salt can replace bromide
Hi folks,

good news. Thanks to Rob (Robbek) for his inspiration. I used iodized kitchen salt as a restrainer substituting potassium bromde. About 6 g/l may be a good starting point for medium speed films, and 10 - 12 g/l for high speed films. No need to adjust anything else, the pH remains the same. Also much cheaper than peanuts. Bingo.

The blackpoint was misadjusted during scanning by intension to show the perfect even development and not only black borders.

I guess that's a real breakthough for people having problems getting bromide. And the FP4+ and RPX 100 had a very clear base, almost as clear as a transparency film. Semi stand developed like here would have been desatrous if the iodate wouldn't have done the job so excellent.

Since I use about 0.5 g/l pot. bomide compared to 6 g/l iodized salt for medium fast films, and 1 - 1.3 g/l pot. bromide compared to 10 - 12 g/l iodzed salt, the conclusion is to recommend about the tenfold amount of iodized salt compared to pot. bromide as a good starting point. Adjust for your personal needs, more iodate will cause speed loss. So far I have great results with PanF, FP4+, HP5+, Rollei RPX 100, and RPX 400 (see image below) even at 24 °C full stand development. These are all classic emulsions, maybe flat crystal emulsions like Tmax or Delta need an adjustment, maybe less salt? And if you use another salt with another iodate concentration you of course have to recalulate the amounts to.

The salt I used was a very cheap one from the supermarket, 500 g for 29 Eurocent. it contains 0,0025 % potassium iodate. The very small amount in the salt is sufficiant. For the experts: the iodate is probaly reduced by the developer to iodide that's known as a strong restrainer in literature since decades.

There's also a salt with iodates and fluorides. I didn't use that, but only iodized salt. Fluorides might cause some trouble, maybe more trouble than benefits, but I don't really know.

Cheers - Reinhold
imagesfrugaleshttp://email@example.com


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Tuesday, the Lafayette City-Parish council will consider final adoption of an ordinance that would essentially ban the popular go-cups from downtown Lafayette. Now ahead of that council meeting, some citizens aren't standing for it, and they're taking their fight to the streets.
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Briggs is also part of a facebook fan page with a similar message. Save the Downtown Go Cup, which has grown in numbers in recent days.
Under the proposed ordinance, any open containers of alcohol would be banned from the Surrey Street corridor and downtown Lafayette, where police say nightlife has led to traffic and safety problems.
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Prosecutors argued that the 49-year-old defendant lied to police about his troubled marriage and apologized to his wife as she lay dying in a hospital. Defense lawyers said Alhimidi loved his wife.
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Bend it Like a Nanobot
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Post subject: Bend it Like a Nanobot
Soccer-playing Nanobots in Training for Medical Applications
A tiny football-playing robot has been developed by a team in Zurich to spark young people's interest in nanotechnology - and with the hope of leading to pioneering medical treatments.
The robot, made out of nickel and powered by magnetic fields, is just 300 microns wide - about the width of three hairs. It plays football with an even smaller ball, dubbed a "nanoball" - and is able to dodge microscopic "defenders" before slotting home into the world's smallest goal.
Microchip with Nanosoccer Fields of Play
The glass microchip on the left measures 3 centimeters across - slightly more than the diameter of a quarter on the right - and is divided into sixteen 2.5 millimeter by 2.5 millimeter nanosoccer playing fields.
The nanoball is a silicon dioxide disk (top view) about the diameter of a human hair (100 µm) that can be pushed across the Nanogram Soccer field of play by the nanosoccer robots. The "T" is a mark for spotting the ball on the field. The three circles are the location of the raised dimples on the underside of the disk that allow movement across the field.
The robot's developers at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich told BBC World Service's Digital Planet programme that the project is about engaging young Swiss - whose country will co-host the football European Championships this summer - in tiny tech.
"It's hopefully the start of a long-term competition in trying to make nanotechnology and microtechnology that can get kids excited in the classroom about this stuff," said professor Bradley Nelson.
Risky moves
Seen by the naked eye, the robot looks like a very small speck of dust. Controlling it involves watching through a camera, which tracks the robot through a microscope. The robot can either be controlled manually by the cursor keys on a keyboard or programmed in advance. The tiny robots are designed to work inside the human body
"Hit a button and it goes," said professor Nelson.
"It figures out where the obstacles are, and it can then pick up a ball and move it into a goal.
"It's really fun to watch. It gets the students involved - we take it to the kids in Zurich and get them interested in nanotechnology."
The team was inspired by the success of the Robocup project, in which autonomous robots play football against each other, with the aim of building a robotic team capable of challenging a World Cup-winning human side by 2050.
"They're amazing to watch," said professor Nelson.
"It's a fun competition, but trying to move it down to these scales is a challenge, but something that opens up a whole new area of technology to the students."
But the ultimate real-life application of the tiny robots is medical - moving small particles within the human body. The hopes are that tiny robots will help with things like delivering drugs through hard-to-reach or otherwise risky areas. For example, nanobots may be able to navigate drugs through the veins in the retina, the inner layer of the eye.
"We're looking at novel ways of delivering drugs to locations of the body that are very difficult to reach," professor Nelson said. "This is a step on that road."
Meanwhile, Nanosoccer returns to the field later this month, when the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) hosts for the second time the world's most Lilliputian sport. Three student teams will participate in a public exhibition at the 2008 U.S. RoboCup Open in Pittsburgh, Pa., May 25 to 27, where miniature soccer playerscomputer-driven robots six times smaller than an amoeba operating on a field the size of a grain of ricewill show off their skills.
The teams from Carnegie-Mellon University ( Pittsburgh, Pa. ), the U.S. Naval Academy (Annapolis, Md.) and the University of Waterloo ( Waterloo, Ontario, Canada ) will meet at the Carnegie Science Center in Pittsburgh, Pa., to put their nanobots through their paces. The nanobots will be demonstrating agility, maneuverability, response to computer control and ability to move objectsall tools that future miniaturized mechanized workers will need for tasks such as microsurgery within the human body or the manufacturing of atom-sized components for microscopic electronic devices.
RoboCup is an annual international competition designed to foster innovations and advances in artificial intelligence and intelligent robotics by using the game of soccer as a testing ground. NIST's goal in coordinating competitions between the world's smallest robots is to show the feasibility and accessibility of technologies for fabricating MicroElectroMechanical Systems (MEMS), tiny mechanical devices built onto semiconductor chips and measured in micrometers (millionth of a meter).
The soccer nanobots are operated by remote control under an optical microscope. They move in response to changing magnetic fields or electrical signals transmitted across the microchip arena. Although the bots are a few tens of micrometers to a few hundred micrometers long, they are considered nanoscale because their masses range from a few nanograms to a few hundred nanograms. They are manufactured from materials such as aluminum, nickel, gold, silicon and chromium.
Among the nanosoccer drills that will be demonstrated in Pittsburgh are the two-millimeter dash in which nanobots seek fast times for a goal-to-goal sprint across the playing field; a slalom course where the path between goals is blocked by defenders (polymer posts); and a ball handling exercise that requires robots to move nanoballs (spheres with the diameter of a human hair) into the goal. One team even plans to conduct its runs underwater to lessen friction.
RoboCup and NIST are jointly organizing the upcoming U.S. Open nanosoccer demonstration as the final step toward the first official Nanogram League competition for soccer nanobots at the 2009 international RoboCup event in Austria .
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MNF game played in parking lot
MINNEAPOLIS—Still rendered homeless by a snowstorm that collapsed the roof of the Metrodome nearly two weeks ago, the Minnesota Vikings were forced to play their Monday Night Football match up against the Chicago Bears in what can only be described as a parking lot. Players from both teams expressed concern over playing the game on a surface as hard as asphalt, but besides a concussion to quarterback Brett Favre in the first half when he slipped on some black ice near the dumpster, no major injuries occurred.
NFL commissioner Roger Goodell was on hand for the game, and addressed the peculiar playing scenario before the game. "I want to thank the fine people at the Bloomington Fuddruckers for letting us play in their parking lot tonight," Goodell said. "I know it's not ideal for football, but what do you want us to do? Play in Detroit? Eww, gross, I don't think so."
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