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Monday, July 25, 2011
Justify Your Villains
A film is so much more powerful and compelling if what the antagonist wants is in direct opposition to the what the protagonist wants. In other words: there's no way they can both get what they want. Only one can succeed.
But too many films just have a villain opposing the hero for the sole reason of creating conflict in the story, and if you really dissect the film and try to figure out the logic of the villain's plan, there is none.
I'm not a big fan of movies where the antagonist is just "evil" and wants to "control the world". As much as there are people in the world who crave unlimited power and money, they always have a specific reason why they turned out that way, and they always have a very specific overall goal they're heading for. But usually in movies where the villain "wants to take over the world" there's no thought put into making them like their real-life counterparts. I find it much more interesting and compelling when the villain is a rational person who feels they have every right to get what they are trying to get, no matter how outlandish their desires are. Because it's more true to the way people are: nobody walks around thinking "I'm evil, and I love being evil, how am I going to mess up the world today?" People are great at justifying and rationalizing their own actions so that they're the hero of their own lives and everything that they do is reasonable and even honorable from their point of view. People are really good at talking themselves into thinking they "deserve" to have pretty much whatever they want. People are even good at convincing themselves that when they do selfish things, they're actually doing them to help other people. People are endlessly fascinating and have an amazing capacity to talk themselves into believing things they really want to believe.
SLIGHT SPOILER ALERT from this point on...
Mother Gothel in "Tangled" is a good example to illustrate this point. At the beginning of the movie, she found a magical flower in the middle of a forest that kept her young. When it was stolen from her, she felt justified in stealing it back from the people that had stolen it from her. Sounds perfectly reasonable, right? .
She was a tricky character to work on, when it came to motivation. There were versions of the story when her "ownership" of the flower was much more legitimate. In early versions of the movie that we storyboarded, she actually owned the flower and kept it in her garden, behind a wall of her house (which she had built around the flower when she first found it hundreds of years ago). In that version, everyone knew about the magical flower. The King, when his pregnant wife fell ill, came begging for help in curing his sick wife. He offered Gothel anything for the flower, or even a piece of the flower, but being selfish, she refused him.
The King walked away empty handed and heartbroken. Unbeknownst to the King, later one of his men broke into Gothel's garden and stole the flower. The King used it to heal his sick wife, and the baby is born.
In retrospect, this may seem like a silly thing to have tried out. You don't like the King much for using a flower that was stolen, even if it wasn't done explicitly on his orders. But we thought it might work and still enable the audience to see Gothel as the villain of the story, because her reaction to the theft of her flower is to kidnap the King and Queen's baby. Kidnapping a baby is so much worse of a crime than stealing a flower and we thought that would make her seem much more evil than the King (or his men) in the audience's eyes. Also, the King's motives for his theft seemed more altruistic: Gothel was using the flower to stay young and alive in an unnatural way, whereas the King wanted the flower to save an unborn innocent. So what the King was doing seemed ultimately more noble and honorable than what Gothel was up to. So we thought it might work, and the audience will still like the King and root against Gothel.
But when we screened that version of the movie in storyboard form for the studio, a lot of people had sympathy for Gothel and the fact that she was the victim of a theft, especially because the first crime - the one that started the whole thing - wasn't committed by her, it was committed against her. Many viewers sent us notes saying that they had so much sympathy for Gothel and they felt so bad for her having her property stolen that they never had any empathy for the King or Rapunzel. To them, Gothel was in the right and was, in some ways, the hero of the story, which was throwing everything off.
Although this wasn't what we intended, I wasn't totally discouraged by this happening to the audience; I liked that people had some understanding of Gothel's motives and some measure of sympathy for her, because it meant that we were creating a very real antagonist, with real humanity and with real reason for doing the awful things she was doing, and not just an evil witch who was doing horrible things for evil's sake. But at the same time the audience has to feel more for the King and Rapunzel than they do for Gothel, so we were going too far. We had to tip the scales somehow.
So we carefully adjusted things to make the King less complicit in a crime against Gothel. We took the flower out of her garden and put it out in the middle of the forest, where it can't be considered anyone's "property". Even though Gothel took pains to keep it hidden, when the villagers who are looking for it come upon it, we orchestrated events so that there's no sign that anyone has been using it. And we didn't have Gothel confront them or try to stop them from stealing it. So they couldn't have known that anyone else had ever discovered the flower. All that helped to make it feel less like a theft of private property, and just a case of people finding an herb growing wild in the forest and taking it home to use for medicinal purposes.
Also having all the guards and villagers go to look for it helped put over the point we were trying to make - instead of the King and his guards going to get it, if the whole kingdom goes to look for it, it feels like the entire population of the Kingdom loves their King and Queen and by extension the audience likes them and has empathy for them. They must be good rulers and kind to their people, after all, if their people are willing to go to all that trouble for them. So that helps in making the viewer root for them.
But there were always some people that felt that we were making Gothel too human and understandable in her motives. While the film was being made (and even after it was released) there were people that told me that they felt we should have made Gothel more of an "evil witch". They felt that Gothel should have not been nice to Rapunzel and not bothered to masquerade as the girl's mother. After all, they would say, shouldn't she just chain Rapunzel to the wall, throw her bread and water once in a while, and use the hair whenever she wants?
There are a few reasons why I don't think that was the way to go, and why we went the way we did.
First and foremost, that approach is very dark and unappealing. It basically becomes a "Saw" movie. We were already telling a story about a kidnapping and a girl locked in a prison for eighteen years. No matter how you handle it, that's a dark and terrifying concept, especially in a movie that we wanted to appeal to all ages. So we thought it would be more palatable to the audience to make the prison a "gilded cage" - a place where the surroundings are really nice and the girl has everything she could ever need. It becomes a nicer place to look at visually on screen, and makes Gothel smarter - she's given the girl everything she could ever want, hoping to keep the girl stuck there and never wanting to leave.
(Also it's interesting to note that it's true to the concept in the original fairy tale, where the evil fairy gave Rapunzel everything she ever wanted, including a magical wardrobe that created whatever dresses where in style at the moment).
We also considered that Gothel might relate to the girl in the same way that she related to the flower originally. In order to encourage flowers to grow, people make sure they have all the water, sunlight and nutrients they need. People even talk to and play music for flowers to help them grow.
If we had created a situation where Rapunzel is kept like a prisoner in a dark and horrible tower, then it's an entirely different movie. She would already be set in her mind to escape from the beginning - there's no internal struggle between whether she should go or not, which I think is emotional and entertaining. And in that type of scenario, when she gets her chance to escape her imprisonment, she will run and never look back. There's not a lot of emotion to that type of movie - it's more like a prison escape story - and that's not the movie we wanted to make. Also our approach made our characters a lot smarter, in my mind: Gothel knows any normal person will have questions about the outside world and want to see it at some point. So why not create a wonderful home that's comfortable and will be that much harder to leave? And when the real world isn't as nice, won't Rapunzel be more likely to want to return? Also, we wanted Gothel to always be undercutting the girl's confidence in subtle ways, and filling her with fear about the world, so that she's doing all she can to keep the girl in the tower while appearing to be a nice, caring mother who's concerned for her daughter's well-being.
We wanted Rapunzel to be a very smart person, first and foremost. If her home had seemed like as prison in any way we figured she would have run away at the first opportunity, or else she would have seemed pretty dumb. The same thing if her mother had been mean to her constantly...a smart person would run from that and never look back. So we thought it would be better, more interesting (and more appealing to watch) if Gothel pretends to love the girl, but in reality she doesn't care at all about her and everything Gothel is doing is meant to keep the girl right where she is.
Anyway, the point being that I much prefer to have villains (as well as heroes) that are grounded in reality and remind of us the people we meet and read about in the news every day: people with real motivation for what they do and not some cartoony unrealistic plot to take over the world. If you can make your antagonists seem like real people who have been pushed a bit too far by their sense that they've been wronged, or convinced themselves that they deserve something, and are going just a bit over the line in their pursuit of what they feel they are owed, you can create a great memorable villain that feels real, and grounded, and all the more scary because they remind us of real people that actually do that kind of thing in our world every day.
24 comments:
- Aaron Ludwig said...
Fascinating read. Great stuff! Thanks for posting this.
- S said...
*SPOILER ALERT* Thank you for this. I knew/realized when I first saw the movie why she had to be someone Rapunzel loved, and why Rapunzel needed to be torn about her decision to leave, it made sense, and it was so well done. However, I didn't know the background about her initially owning the plant, as the witch in the original story did. This is such cool information. I really love "story behind the scenes" as this one, and the story for this movie in my opinion was exceptionally well done. Thank you very much for this information.
- Mirelmture said...
This is really interesting and great advice. I can't wait to explore my villains more when creating them now. I loved the relationship of Rapunzel and her mother in this movie. I like to think that somewhere in her subconscious the witch had grown to love Rapunzel, but just like some real people, she didn't show it properly and let her ambitions rule. Like you said, this made her seem very real as well as created a story that is very emotional. It reminds me of the Witch, played by Bernadette Peters in Into the Woods. I can't help but love her, even while rooting for the heros. Besides, she sings really well! :D http://www.dailymotion.com/video/xdcu2v_bernadette-peters-as-the-witch-pt-3_music
- Jennifer said...
Excellent piece, spot on. Gothel was varied and faceted and it made her absolutely terrible. Wonderful job!
- Michael Barquero said...
Man, this was awesome. Just commenting to keep these posts up, so much knowledge. Thanks!
- Ryan said...
Great post. I always love reading the filmmakers' thought process behind storytelling decisions.
I've enjoyed your blog for a while now. Thanks for the thought provoking posts.
I noticed that the "Gilded cage" scenario you decided on sounds quite similar to that used in "The Truman Show". Also quite effectively.
- joscha said...
Hey Mark, interesting post. I see what you mean but for me it didn't completely work the way you describe in this post. First of all, I never saw Mother love Rapunzel: whenever they are together she is making demeanig remarks on Rapunzel's appearence. Rapunzel might be getting anything she desires but there is clearly a lot of psychological abuse going on: not really a sign of love.
As the matter of fact I experienced Mother as the most evil Disney villain I can remember. Because, where most Disney antagonists only threaten to do something bad, Mother has done something very evil (stealing a child) and has since been abusing this girl for eighteen years. This is one of the few villains whose actions actually have consequences. (Gaston and Jafar for instance only start to actually act out their plans near the ending, moments before they are defeated.)
The scene where the king and queen light the lantern as the king cries was very powerful. It emphasises these consequences of Mother's selfish act.
Please don't get me wrong: I really enjoyed Rapunzel you guys did an awesome job. And I actually thought it was brilliant storytelling to have a female villain with a rather modest desire (not wanting to conquer the world or something) be so extremely mean and threatening. Well done, sir!
- dancing platypuss said...
interesting... 2 me tangled was one of the best films ever written... specially main characters.I love the complexity of them...:)
- Rodney Baker said...
Hey Mark,
Thanks, I needed that!
You are right and Rapunzel is a better story for what was done with Mother Gothel. What I'm about to suggest is me exploring the matter. Please pardon if it sounds argumentative.
Your explanation of Mother Gothel's original background may fill in a missing piece that explains why I had reservations regarding her character. Namely, from the very beginning she was a fairly sympathetic character.
The villains criticism: It is only in these worlds of fantasy that we tend to find pure villainy (evil for evil's sake). Now, why take that away by making her more real and therefore more sympathetic? If we want real we can just pick up the newspaper.
Have you seen Frank Thomas and Ollie Johnston's book on Disney Villains? (Now you've got me wanting to read it)
The heroes (salvation) criticism: If Mother Gothel wasn't 'evil' but simply misguided by self interest then there surely must have been something our heroes (and the writers!) could have done to save her from her fate. Too close to a real life tragedy for comfort. Simply put... we failed her.
The guys/gals who worked on Tangled deserve serious praise and my thoughts on villainy can never do anything to negate this. I do however miss those villains we just love to hate.
Consider more on the same subject please! :)
- mark kennedy said...
Aaron - thanks for commenting!
S - Great, glad you enjoyed the read!
Mirelmture - thanks for the comment, you know, I've never seen Into the Woods, I'll check out the link. Thanks!
Jennifer - thanks!
Michael - thanks!
Ryan - glad you liked it!
Anon - true. thanks for commenting!
joscha - yes, I think we agree on that - Gothel didn't love Rapunzel, but only pretended to...and told the girl she was protecting her, when really the opposite was true. Glad you enjoyed the film.
Platypuss - great, glad you enjoyed it!
Hey Rodney - I find that fantasy works better for me if it is more grounded in reality, if that makes any sense. The more that world can relate to our own and seem grounded, the more I relate to the characters and feel like I know them. If everything is pure fantasy in a movie, I lose my bearings and I don't have any sense of real people with real problems....but that's just me.
One of the weakest Disney villains to me is Malificent, who is steamed about not being invited to a party. I get that she's vindictive, and feels like an outcast, and the invitation is maybe the tip of the iceberg....but the movie doesn't spell that out, and her being miffed about that seems like weak justification to drive all the crazy events that happen in that movie.
- Anthony Holden said...
Great insights. I needed this reminder today. Thanks, Mark.
- Salmon Leap said...
I've encountered your latest post having just rewatched "The Third Man" for what seems like the millionth time. The way that film structures the conflict with its antagonist is very interesting indeed. For the first half of the film you don't even realize Harry Lime is the antagonist at all, he is merely the object of speculation and someone the hero is seeking.
Just before he's introduced in person, his crimes are revealed, telling us he is the true antagonist.
Shortly after he is seen in person he and the hero have a conversation (in the famous ferris wheel) wherein he very succinctly offers the hero his justification for his crimes, and is just persuasive enough that the hero almost gives up and goes home.
To me, that's a very interesting, but difficult to achieve element of what you're describing. Lime is portrayed as cold and self-serving (he only thinks about a way out of trouble for himself, he doesn't care if his girlfriend gets deported to the USSR, his bogus penicillin is killing children) but he is able to verbally offer a rationalization that he never sees his victims personally and he makes a huge amount of money off of them. It winds up making sense as what someone like that would rationalize to themselves, as well as making it cold enough that the audience wouldn't take his side.
Sorry for the rambling reply, I just wanted to say I really admire this blog, and I've been taking inspiration from it for my own story endeavors
- dan said...
Excellent post Mark! I definitely agree with your points. Gothel is even more sinister to me because she puts up the facade. I also agree it helps with Rapunzel's arc for her to feel safe and happy in the tower, thus making her leaving it (and "betraying" Gothel) much more emotionally complex.
I actually worked on Tangled as a lighter, and it's my favorite film I've worked on. I do have a problem with one little thing though, and maybe you can address it. My issues is with the fact that there's no mention of anyone in the kingdom knowing about the flower before they go looking for it. Flynn's voiceover explains the drop of sunshine and whatnot, but there's nothing that says anyone other than Gothel knows about it. Which is fine, up until the point where the search party finds it, and they yell "We found it!" (Or something to that effect) How did they know about "it"? It could have been as simple as changing the voiceover to say "there was a legend of blah blah blah: or something like that, but as it is, nothing communicates to the audience that the people were aware of the flower. I sent this in as a note to the directors after one of the screenings. Alas, it wasn't changed. Do you know if this was addressed at any point in time?
Regardless, it's still an amazing movie and I'm still incredibly proud of it. Thanks again for the awesome post!
- Joon Kim said...
I love write-ups on story development such as this. I could just read them all day, so thank you for this!
It's fascinating to read this post now, because I had a thought while rewatching the film not too long ago. Watching it with a contemporary mindset, I jokingly scoffed, "TYPICAL!" when the king's soldiers just came upon such a miraculous flower and just PLOW IT RIGHT UP!
At least Gothel kept the thing safe in its natural habitat (regardless of her selfish reasons)!
It's a tricky story problem. The reaction the audience had for the earlier version of the story is interesting. It's as if the room was filled with libertarians or something. Hahahaha. People's sense of right and wrong get so oddly kooky when it comes to drama. They're not right and they're not wrong. It's just kooky, and it's partially why storytelling is not as simple as many people think.
My complaints about Tangled were that the villain felt so slight and toothless. But reading your description of the story development process really helps me appreciate the 'puzzle' of making it work.
Thanks again.
- Constructed Reality said...
Really a great read....makes one learn the subtleties involved in storytelling. Also somewhere deep we know these things but while creating a story we end up getting too involved in the manufacturing processes and fall prey to stereotypes i.e. Villains become black and heroes become white. But a touch of grey adds the human dimension which takes the story to a whole different level. Thanks a ton!!!
- the doodler said...
Preach it!
- Rodney Baker said...
Thanks for the response Mark.
I'm finding most?) people tend to agree with you on this. It'd make a fascinating study.
I am very drawn to Maleficent exactly because I cannot even begin to sympathize with her. She is an unapproachable mystery and whatever humanity she possesses she has very well hidden. She is not just miffed about not being invited to a party, there is a history between her and the citizens of this kingdom.
I was drawn to comic books for similar reasons. That is until writers started to to play this same silly game with villains and heroes. Live action movies are no different, just look at the titles out there... 'Hannibal Lector I, II and III', 'Saw XXVI' (I joke but hopefully you get the point here... these are our modern day heroes.
Misunderstood vampires are all the rage these days and recent movies have capitalized on this 'dare to be a villain' trend with much success which ensures we'll be seeing more of the same; 'Dispicable Me' which I really liked, and Megamind which entertained me.
It's okay for a villain to have weaknesses and not all villains will remain villains but by their very nature but poor little Pascal was made to play a part in this game when he tripped that poor ol' misunderstood lady causing her to fall to her death. While a cool bit of animation (who couldn't smile at his ingenuity?) this act may have been unnecessary as she was going to die anyway. Was there some unspoken history between Mother Gothel and Pascal that we weren't made aware of?
But here is the thing, she wasn't dead yet and (if I may be this bold to suggest it) that makes the act a little out of character for this pint sized hero.
Just as your title suggests, the reality we look for when defining villainy is 'justification'. Given that lack of justification she remains mostly a sympathetic (pathetic?) victim of her own selfishness and therefore could have been saved before, during or even after her death.
Think about this for a moment. To express love for someone who doesn't deserve to be loved is the ultimate power Rapunzel could have shared when the magic of her legendary hair failed. This is what she used on Flint who was very much loved already. Flint need not have been mortally wounded and if Mother Gothel could have left life's stage while Rapunzel cried but could not do anything I don't think there would have been a dry eye in the theater. This is not just the power of justification but of forgiveness.
I'm not suggesting you picked the wrong ending, just exploring the themes of justification and villainy. Remember, I prefer villains to wear their villainy proudly... deliciously... so they can be easily recognized (story twists the obvious exception). They need motivation, certainly. I'm just not sure justifying them requires attaching unnecessary realism.
Apologies if I'm delving deeper for no good reason and I know these comment sections aren't meant for replies of this length. What can I say, this stuff fascinates me.
- Heather Dixon said...
Mother Gothel was a fantastic villain. Thanks for the behind-the-scenes look.
I thought Bowler Hat Guy was a great villain too.
- Aaron Davies said...
Fantastic read. I always love to hear more about what went into story decisions.
I have a question I hope you might be able to shed some light on.
I really enjoyed Tangled up to one of the final scenes where the Charmion trips Gothel out the window. Immediately when I saw this I was startled out of the story. Gothel was already on her way to a self actuated demise and it really stood out that the most passive protagonist took an active and in my mind unnecessary, role in killing her. In Disney films this has never happened (That I can think of. Happy to be corrected.) The villain always dies of their own failing. Gothel dying because of her actions feels deserved but her being murdered somehow felt wrong to me and seemed a drastic departure from the Disney narrative style.
So my question is, what led to the decision to have a protagonist, albeit a minor one, take such a proactive role in dispatching the villain?
I'd love it if you could shed some light on this one for me.
Love the blog.
Thanks for sharing. I strongly agree that villains need to have a powerful motivation.
I happened to watch Tangled again yesterday with a friend, and we both agreed that Gothel is an extremely powerful, sinister villain.
You know I enjoy a lot of stories but sometimes one speaks to people on a personal level, and for me Tangled is one which does.
I'm not telling you this as a 'pity me' plea, more to show how spot on Tangled is emotionally for me.
One of my parents (whilst not a villain - they were unwell) treated me nicely one moment and undermined me and tried to control me the next. It was incredibly confusing and left me with a lot of self doubt. Rapunzel's conflict about leaving the tower and disobeying Gothel was very familiar.
As an adult I have agoraphobia, which meant I really identified with Rapunzel's gilded cage. No matter how nicely I have my home or how many things I want to learn or do there, I still want to leave but I can't (at the moment).
To me it was a really inspiring story and it reminded me that adults can still learn something from 'Fairy Tales' now I just have to find my floating lights!
About Pascal, I don't think that was a problem. He didn't kill her (she was already turning to dust (and died of that before hitting the ground) and probably about to fall anyway). Maybe the tripping up humour was a little dark, but it certainly didn't ruin the film for me.
I watched Meet the Robinsons recently for the first time and I thought the villain in that story was interesting, especially given the causal loop.
I would suggest anyone wanting a deeper motive for Gotheral's actions should research Narcissistic Mothers. Anyone who has ever had one can relate easily to Rapunzel in the story as it is one that often mirrors their own existences.
I had a chance to finally watch "Tangled" last week, and I have to tell you it was masterful--by far the best animated film ever. From the story line to the detail, it was truly impressive. I love reading the "back story," as well. Thanks for sharing.
- Gemi90 said...
I still few bad for Mother Gothel. The flower was not only stolen,but completely destroyed for the use on one person. She spent hundreds of years mastering the flower and using it without destroying it. The kind and queen are still selfish in my eyes.
She didn't intend to steal the baby,she tried to take a lock of her hair first. So in today's justice system she would've been a vigilante at best with her kidnapping charge lessened as it wasn't premeditated.
Not to mention Rapunzel had everything a girl could want. It's not as if she were starved,abused or neglected. The plot doesn't make much sense because anyone who kidnapps a kid isn't going to keep her name and birthday the same. So I have a hard time believing she made that big of a rookie mistake. Plus there's this thing called Stockholm syndrome and it would not have been easy just to watch Gothel fall to her death without even blinking. After all she thought that was her mother.


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2014 Lithium :: 2007 Cheetah :: Jaguar Take-down
REAL AVID Field Staff / Bucks and Beards Scents Field Staff
well lets see if the masses will say she is still to sexy for archery now that she is not with martin.will strothers get bashed in the comming months because they have her just as martin did.many people have said martin is taky and is trashy because she was promoted so much.
time will tell
Frankly I've met and talked with the young lady and she is just that---a lady. Let me also say that most pictures Ive seen of her don't do her justice. I wish both her and Strothers a happy working relationship in the future.
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no doubt i see her as a modle for woman to put a foot forward into archery.she has had some way cool adventures in her years.
I wish Laura the best!.
Under the new military rules... I'll share a Fox Hole... Good luck to both as she brought allot of young lady's in to the sport of archery.
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So I see Strother doesn't like blondes
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New GMO bill introduced in Hawaii county
A new bill in Kauai County, Hawaii was introduced to allow the county to govern the use of pesticides and genetically modified organisms on the island. The Kauai County Council voted to move the bill forward and it will now be sent to a public hearing on July 31.
Bill 2491 calls for agricultural corporations—DuPont Pioneer, Syngenta, Dow AgroSciences, BASF and Kauai Coffee—to disclose the use of pesticides and the presence of GMO crops, according to TheGardenIsland.com. The bill would also establish pesticide-free buffer zones around public areas and waterways, ban open-air testing of experimental crops and place a temporary moratorium on the commercial production of GMOs, until the county can conduct an environmental impact statement of the industry's effects on Kauai.
Previously this year, the state legislature considered a bill that would require food produced with GMO ingredients be labeled, but the measure failed.
The controversial bill garnered a large turnout before the Kauai County Council meeting. It was reported that 1,000 attended the meeting and councilmen received more than 1,000 e-mails about the measure.
At the recent hearing, employees from four of the seed companies that would be impacted attended the meeting and several testified against the bill.
Chief complaints included that the bill would limit these company's right to operate.
Cindy Goldstein, spokeswoman for DuPont Pioneer was reported as testifying that the 500-foot bugger zone would significantly reduce the amount of land Pioneer would be able to farm.
"This bill would create confusion and inconsistencies, where a few, but not all, farming operations would be expected to follow another set of rules and guidelines that conflict with requirements that are actually specified now on the labels of those products," Goldstein was reported as saying.
"We could lose 90 percent of our lands," Mark Phillipson of Syngenta, testified on behalf of the Hawaii Crop Improvement Association. "So it is restrictive. It is inhibiting business. It drives the business right out."
People in favor of the bill claimed that the new bill was more of a "right-to-know" bill and that the public had a right to know what pesticides were being sprayed, when and where. Others complained about the experimental testing of pesticides and GMO crops, claiming they were harming people and the environment.
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If it were a right to know then why are organic pesticides not also called to be labeled. Yes organic ag uses pesticides just naturally derived one. if one looks at the Environmental Impact Quotient (EIQ) it becomes very clear how much worse some "organic pesticides" are for the environment compared to modern options.
Rober Wager is directly funded by Bio-tech and the large chemical companies. His financial future is at stake, which explains his prescence on a majority of internet sites which choose to discuss the negative impacts of GMOs. Completely Biased and is to be taken with a grain of salt. In the post above, Robert tries to decievingly conflate industrial organic food production as just as damaging as conventional food production. Industrial food production is chemical dependant and environmentally degrading, whether organic or conventional. Small Scale food production does not require pesticides as routine maintenance. Rober knows this, but chooses to be decietful in attempting to sway opinions.
P.S. - GO HAWAII! Unique and beautiful ecosystems are always worth more than the monitary value assigned to them by corporations looking to expand their profits and market share.
A bold faced lie. I have never personally received a dime from the biotechnology industry. What I have seen is every time the debate swings in the favour of the science I present, presto out pops the same false accusation.
I am a born and raised Kauai Resident, I live next to fields and don't know why people are soo concerned on the companies who are highly regulated versus the rest. If we are so concerned about the "right-to-know" then we should have the "right-to-know" what everyone sprays all the way down to my neighbor who I HOPE read and followed the label. Agriculture is not the only industry that uses chemicals.... a great testimony on Bill 2491 and how poorly it is written you can find here: http://www.biofortified.org/2013/06/analysis-of-kauai-bill-2491/
Biofortified is a blog run by those whose financial career is based upon the sucess of Biotechnology and transgenic crops. Much like Robert here, they are heavily invested in swaying public opinion in their favor, because their financial future is at stake. They are now making a concerted effort to attempt to minimize the wave of awareness sweeping the globe with respect to transgenic food and the food supply in general. Downplaying the real concerns of consumers and residents is not going to work.
JB - you do have the right to say whatever you want....but my family and myself LIVE here and the seed companies who do no harm sustain the Westside of our Island. To history, agriculture is the only successful and stable industry on Kauai...With Sugar, we have lived and breathed pesticides for years and now since the Ag scene changed to the seed industry - our community is much safer and I finally feel safe and secure with them in my backyard as they CARE. When Sugar left the island we lost a town called "mana" if the seed companies leave we may lose much more towns as there is no other development here on the Westside. We live here and WE SHALL decide what we want in our backyard... majority of the voices who are for Bill 2491 does not even live on the Westside of the island or even in Hawaii. This is our Kuleana not YOURS!!!
Once again JB is spreading false information about me. My financial future has zip to do with the biotech industry. i am an academic and plan to retire out of the institute I have been at for 18 years.
3.5 tons of restricted pesticides applied annually can be considered 'Do no harm'? I ask because chatting with your neighbors, not everyone agrees with that premise. I promise you TD, a loss of the Bio-tech industry will not result in a collapse of the island's economy. In fact, you could begin a new agricultural boom by growing organically produced foods, which will begin to (rightfully so) earn a premium price in a market dominated by cheap, nutritionally inferior industrial transgenics. Or you can continue siding with multi-national chemical companies, who are only on the island becuase the unique climate conditions and geographical isolation make for prime 'experimental' training grounds for new transgenics and their mandatory applications of Synthetic Petrochemicals. To date, the only proponents of this system I've seen have a financial stake in continuing the status quo.
JB please tell this forum what "stake" these organizations have in the technology. "Moreover, the AAAS Board said, the World Health Organization, the American Medical Association, the U.S. National Academy of Sciences, the British Royal Society, and "every other respected organization that has examined the evidence has come to the same conclusion: consuming foods containing ingredients derived from GM crops is no riskier than consuming the same foods containing ingredients from crop plants modified by conventional plant improvement techniques."
3.5 tons is another "scare tactic" that wouldn't fool me....I know for a fact that GOLF COURSES uses way more Restricted Use Pesticides and I don't see the RICH who can only afford to live next to a course complaining that they are dying...you should stop scaring our neighbors!!! Remember this is our KULEANA not yours!!!
3.5 tons sounds like a lot, but spread over 15,000 acres is less than 1/2 a pound per acre per year. That is less than I use in my yard. It is so easy to use large number out of context as a scare tactic. How much pesticide is sold out of the retails stores like Home Depot, WalMart, etc.? Who regulates those uses?
Pesticides arent the only thing we should be worrying about with this gmos. Its the fact of what they are, what they create it for and what it does to your body. It is not natural. Forced bacteria in to the plants, changing the DNA makeup to produce pesticides within the plant itself. So guess who eats them when the seeds from here gets ordered and grown elsewhere used for our food supply. ........
Regular pool salt kills weeds just as good as pesticides , this is what i use on my properties. Try it ! Support Bill 2491... we have the right too know what these companies are spraying.... And yes i live in ground zero, west Kauai. Malama Aina !
TD, same goes for your right to say what you want. I disagree about westside support of this bill. It is both both our kuleana to educate so why not widen the discussion as to why this issue has lit up Kauai? 60 kids at the Waimea Canyon middle school were taken ill a few years ago, along with many teachers. Pesticide spraying is done daily right next to the school. No buffer zone. There is a class action suite against Pioneer by Waimea residents over harmful spraying. Depositions are discovering illegal application practices. "Bubble gum" masking scents are being added to sprays (deposition admission from Pioneer) to mask actual spraying ingredients (my, and only logical conclusion.) Coral and urchin disease and die offs are occurring. So yes, many LOCAL people are being hurt, and are rightfully concerned. Cancer, skin and lung diseases are elevated in our communities. The buffer zones, EIS, and right to know are logical steps to understanding the potential harm from these significant quantities of poison applications, and necessary to prevent further harm to people, animals, the land, and the ocean. The health of our communities should not be put at risk by a small percentage of employees and associated businesses - no matter how convinced they may be to the contrary. Safety and information - that is what this bill is about. The mantra of jobs jobs jobs going away if passed is just not true. There will be even MORE jobs with inspections and compliance when this is implemented, and everyone, including BigAg employees, will be safer because of it. The actual costs for compliance is insignificant to the revenue these companies take in. This is the cost of doing business on Kauai. Mahalo for reading and being open minded.
Aloha Robert Wagner, It may be true that you have never been under direct payroll of any of the large ag/chemical companies, as you have spent much of your career at university. Would you care to illuminate those of us you write about and to just what % of the funding the colleges and universities you are associated with have gotten during the past 20 years from industrialized ag and chemical companies? A total dollar amount would be appreciated as well. Rough guesstimates are fine. Would it be fair to say that w/o such funding, support for your position as an academic would be much different, if available at all? And, as an academic, would you care to comment on peer reviewed papers (Failure to Yield Gurian)discussing how yields are not better with GMO+chemical ag techniques? You see, my take on the GMO thing is that its a way to sell more chemicals - all that altruistic stuff about feeding the world just doesn't ring true. Yields are not significantly better, and total costs are improved only be decreasing labor costs. Seed, fertilizer, and pesticide costs are actually more, not less. And there are material amounts of GMO related health issues being documented by a wide spectrum of health officials. Time will tell - the last 15 years of ag/chem business vetted data are not enough. Yes, its well documented that the peer review process has been severely hampered by the legal restrictions these companies have wrangled via their 'intellectual property' claims, and from attacks from like minded zealots (do you consider yourself to be one?) who claim only their research is 'fact'. I am curious about your responses to my assertions. One fact I hope we can all agree upon, knowledge and transparency are always good.
TD- You are right!!! I am also against this bill because i feel that Pioneer is doing no harm what so ever.... I was born and raised where my back yard was next to cane field an as I was growing up we watched helicopters fly by and spray over the cane fields. 20yrs later im still healthy nothing went wrong with me, Im currently working for a corn company and this is where i learned to use chemicals the right/safe way. i thank these companies for educating us.......I just want to let the people know that "LIFE IS A GAMBLE!!!" Most of u anti are not from hawaii and you guys seem to be affected the most. stop being so drama and if your not happy here you can go back where u came from. Im pretty sure u were damaging our ozone layer when u flew here...lol brillant..buahahahaha!
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31 Pumpkin Recipes
October starts this week and October is the month of the pumpkin! Pumpkins will be every where and it is the perfect time to take advantage of them because they won't last long. Although pumpkin pie seems to get all of the attention, and with good reason, pumpkin is pretty versatile and it can be used in many different things both sweet and savoury from desserts to breakfasts to appetizers, side dishes and even mains! I am definitely a fan of pumpkin and I always have fun using it in new dishes at this time of year! Before October kicks off I wanted to share a few of my favourite pumpkin recipes, 31 to be exact, one tasty pumpkin recipe to enjoy on each day in October!
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The sold-out event, which had approximately 700 attendees, was a celebration of how Bartow County has grown in spite of difficult economic times, said former Chairman Bruce Thompson.
"People outside of Bartow County are taking notice of what we're trying to do, and tonight's a celebration of that — setting the stage to support the initiatives of our incoming chair as well," he said.
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Thompson had worked throughout his 2012 term to grow the chamber and make it "relevant in all aspects of everyone's life." With 857 members as of December 2012 and $181,699 in cash as of Dec. 31, 2012, Thompson believed he succeeded.
Incoming Chairman Wayne Moore said he looked forward to instituting new initiatives to continue economic growth in the county, such as expanding the chamber's involvement in the annual steeplechase.
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Thompson said it was the economic growth and determination of Bartow County residents to pull themselves out of the recession that brought Gongwer and Greenwood to the county and to the dinner.
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"The county's been awesome. I'm so impressed with this community and the type of event that this community just put on," he said after the dinner. "I get to go on a lot of community events, and business events and sporting events and things like that. This thing was done as good as any I've ever been to in terms of ... just everything about it.
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Before Gongwer's talk, the chamber handed out its list of 2012 awards to local businesses and community leaders.
The best small business award went to The TC Show, run by Tom Shinall and Chad Oates. Expanding manufacturer of the year went to the Ampcet Corporation. Manufacturer of the year went to Applied Thermoplastic Resources. Green manufacturer of the year went to Zep, Inc. Volunteer of the year went to Jayce Stepp.
Thompson also created a special award for the year, called the Eagle Award, which went to Gene Vance, LaDonna Jordan and Gene Lee, whose award was accepted by Chuck Nida.
The humanitarian of the year award went to the late Pastor Charles Fluellen. His wife Judith and son, Andr


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Exhibition will highlight Booth's broad career, contextualizing it within transformation of American culture from the Gilded Age to machine modernism.
May 20, 2008
DEARBORN / May 20, 2008---Undergraduate art history students participating in the campuss museum practice seminar are showcasing an exhibition titled James Scripps Booth: Artist, Engineer, Polymath now through June 13 at the Alfred Berkowitz Gallery.
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Multi-colored toiles are the exception to the rule--toile, in its most recognizable form, is a single color on a cream background.
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Multi-colored toiles are the exception to the rule--toile, in its most recognizable form, is a single color on a cream background.
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In a departure from toile's classic bucolic patterns, this fabric features city scenes.
This classic blue-on-crème toile represents the bucolic scenes of French people at work and at play in the 18th century.
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Marchuk v. Faruqi & Faruqi, the high-profile sexual harassment lawsuit filed by Alexandra Marchuk against her former firm and one of its most prominent partners, Juan Monteverde, rolls on. Back in January, we covered some of the salacious revelations contained in the summary judgment papers.
You know what would be even more juicy? A trial.
And that's what we might be getting, in the wake of two blows just dealt to the defendants in this matter….
Continue reading "Alexandra Marchuk v. Faruqi & Faruqi: Bad News For The Defendants"


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1. Stop faking your fucking orgasms. Society already tells young men that they run the fucking universe - if they can't turn your cunt into a shooting star then for god's sake, let them know about it.
2. Once you've stopped faking your fucking orgasms, use this newfound honesty throughout the rest of your life - stop ordering coffee you don't actually like; stop sitting at a desk and allowing people to treat you like shit in the hopes that a meek attitude will earn you a promotion (it won't); stop telling people they can finish your food when you're not actually done yet. These may seem petty, but they add up, just like every orgasm you didn't actually get to have.
3. If you wanna dance all night, dance all fucking night. Dance all night even if you have work in the morning. The worst that will happen is you'll drink RedBull all day and look like a zombie - pass it off as a head cold to the real zombies you work with and flick through the embarrassing photos you're being tagged in as you pretend to take a shit for some peace and quiet. I promise, you'll remember dancing all night in ten years, not the suspicious way your boss looked at you that morning.
4. If your ass looks big in that, that's a good thing.
5. You will never be as young as you are this second. Embrace it.
6. Embrace the fact that you're going to get older. Ask your boyfriend if he will still love you when you're seventy and your tits are down to your knees. Look forward to this time - seventy year old women are allowed to do pretty much whatever they want, and no-one can stop them. You can carry candy in your bag and not share it with a single soul. You can stay home all day and cross-stitch expletives onto handkerchiefs for your grandchildren and slip them under the table out of sight of the people you raised. You can drink whisky at 10am. Every phase of your life is going to be amazing for different reasons. Embrace that.
7. A lot of people will pretend to love Bukowski. Don't pretend to love Bukowski if you don't love Bukowski. It's overplayed and no-one will mind if you actually like Virginia Andrews instead - the people who do mind are boring.
(Source: spearmintblonde)


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text: Sanus VMA401 On-wall component shelf Zoom Front Photos Videos Item #: 051VMA401 Review Summary 8 people say In Stock Free Crutchfield lifetime tech support Free Shipping Your price $49.99 Add to cart + Add to wishlist Email me alerts for this product Buy this item and earn up to 50 Rewards points See more offers and ways to save Special Financing Available x By buying this product you'll earn up to 50 Rewards points. When you sign up for a Crutchfield account, you'll be enrolled in Crutchfield Rewards. You'll earn one point for every dollar you spend on gear from us. You can turn your points into Rewards Cards that you can use toward future purchases. You can sign up for an account now, or after you complete your purchase (you'll get credit for the points either way). Sign up for a Crutchfield account Overview Details Staff Reviews Customer Reviews Q&A Our take on the Sanus VMA401 by Ralph Graves You've wall-mounted your TV why not wall-mount your Blu-ray player or game console, too? The Sanus VMA401 shelf lets you do just that. This sturdy, tempered glass shelf can hold a component weighing up to 15 lbs. You can route your A/V cables through an opening in the back bracket to keep your installation looking trim and neat.. Easy expansion Got two or more components you want to mount under your TV? Not a problem. You can fit multiple VMA401s together to create an integrated shelving system. And you can even make small vertical adjustments after the shelf is installed, to get your components situated at just the right height. See more info on this item Highlights:holds a single component weighing up to 15 lbs.tempered glass shelfopening in back bracket for neatly routing your cablescenter column allows small height adjustments after mountingwall-mountable (hardware included)can be combined with additional VMA401 units to create multi-shelf system18"W x 6-1/2"H x 14-5/8"Dwarranty: 90 daysOur 60-day money-back guarantee Hands-on research from the Crutchfield Labs (what are the Labs?) What's in the box? | In-depth notes Product Research What's in the box? Download owner's manual Tempered glass shelf Wall-mount bracket (3-piece) Safety plate Two M5 x 20mm screws Two M5 x 6mm screws 2.5" Lag-bolt Flat washers Three 2" wood-screws 3 Drywall anchors Plastic wall-inserts Hex-key Instruction Manual Our Product Research Team At Crutchfield, you'll get detailed, accurate information that's hard to find elsewhere. That's because we have our own in-house Product Research team — they open the box, verify contents, check the owner's manual, and record dimensions, features and specs. We stay on top of new products and technologies to help people make informed choices. Features On-Wall Component Shelf: The Sanus Foundations Vertical Series VMA401 is a single-column AV component shelf that mounts directly under wall-mounted TVs for a sleek, streamlined look. Its center column is vertically adjustable for perfect alignment under a wall-mounted TV, even after hanging. The center column features an integrated channel for easy power cable and signal wire routing. The thick tempered-glass shelf supports up to 15 lbs and can be vertically adjusted to accommodate almost any AV component arrangement. You can combine more than one VMA401 for a multiple shelving unit. Tempered Glass: The Sanus VMA401 features a thick tempered 6mm glass can hold up to 15 lbs. The shelf measures 18" (w) x 14.5" (d). The tempered glass shelf will hold most satellite/cable boxes, DVD/Blu-ray players, or game consoles. This shelf is not recommend for most A/V receivers which tend to weigh more than 15 lbs. Slim Profile: The Sanus Foundations Vertical Series VMA401 features a slim profile that works well with wall-mounted ultra-thin LCD, LCD-LED, and Plasma TVs. The VMA401's wall-mount bracket only sits 1.375" from the wall. The wall-mount bracket measures 6.0625" (w) x 6.5625" (h). Post Installation Adjustment: The Sanus VMA401 single-column AV component shelf offers post installation micro-adjustment to ensure your seated component is at the perfect height in regards to your wall-mounted television. You can adjust the height (+/- 0.75") and level (+/-7.5°) using the supplied hex-key. Cable Management System: The Sanus VMA401 employs an integrated cable management system that organizes and keeps your cables hidden without having to run them through the wall. Multiple Shelf Solution (optional): You can combine the Sanus VMA401 with other VMA401 shelf-units to create a multiple shelf solution below your wall-mounted television. Simple Installation: The Sanus Foundations Vertical Series VMA401 AV component shelf can be easily mounted to sheetrock, wood studs, or concrete. All hardware is included. Required Installation Tools: Stud finder Tape measure (ruler) Level Awl Hammer Phillips-head screwdriver Ratchet with 7/16" (11mm) socket Drill (1/8" bit for wood stud; 3/8" for masonry installation) Product reviews from the Crutchfield Labs (what are the Labs?) Quick impressions from the Lab Comment by Ralph Graves Staff Writer - Creative, Impressive build quality Written by Ralph Graves, Staff Writer - Creative, on 3/9/2012 12:34:00 PM The first thing I noticed when I took the VMA401 out of the box was how hefty the tinted glass shelf was. That's a good thing I expect it to be a rock-solid support for my gear. The second thing I noticed was that the back bracket was powder-coated steel. Very nice. The third thing I noticed was the front panel on the bracket was flexible plastic. It's molded to the exact shade of black as the bracket, so the bracket appears solid from a distance. This panel can be popped off, making running cables much easier. And when they're in place, the panel goes back on, covering them up. The VMA401's a simple design, but one that clearly a lot of thought went into. Review this product Submit a review and then enter to win a $500 rewards card Sanus VMA401 Reviews Average Customer Review: 8 people say: Review this product: Thanks for taking the time to share your experiences about this product. Please be sure to focus your comments on the product itself. Read our Review Guidelines for more information. Review title * Email Your email won't be visible. Please use the email address that is associated with your order. Display name (e.g., JohnD) Your review will be signed using the display name and location * Your location (e.g., Charlottesville, VA) * Your rating Click on a star to rate the overall product on a scale of 1-5 1500 characters left * Your review Attach a YouTube Review Crutchfield Video Review Guidelines Only submit videos that you made or are authorized to use. Do not submit videos that contain music, video or visuals that are copyrighted and belong to someone else. Please see our Review Guidelines for more information. Submit the URL of your YouTube™ video review or product demonstration. e.g., "http://www.youtube.com/v/o79TWHh598U" 500 characters left Pros 500 characters left Cons * Agree to Terms By checking this box you agree your review becomes the property of Crutchfield, that you are over 18 years of age, that you own or have owned this product, and that you are located within the United States or its territories. Please see our Review Guidelines for more information. We reserve the right (but are not obligated to) review all submissions and edit or remove any review in any manner which we deem necessary. Your review should be posted within seven days. Filter by rating: 5 Star: (0) 4 Star: (0) 3 Star: (0) 2 Star: (0) 1 Star: (0) 5 out of 5 perfect Written By medic9067, burlington wa on Tuesday, October 21, 2014 Crutchfield Customer Review (What's this?) quick easy install and perfect size to hold dvr and cable box Pros: quick easy install, good price perfect size Was this review helpful? Yes | No 5 out of 5 Easy Set Up Written By Retaler, Freeport, New York on Sunday, August 17, 2014 Crutchfield Customer Review (What's this?) Nicely packaged, quality materials, and easy to mount to the wall, all make this product a winner. The only strange thing is that the package's art work shows a TV sitting on the shelf and the instructions tell you to NOT place a TV on the shelf. Good size for my cable box. Pros: See above Cons: None Was this review helpful? Yes | No 5 out of 5 Sanus VMA401 Written By SanusVMA 401, Phila, PA on Friday, February 28, 2014 Crutchfield Customer Review (What's this?) Durable, attractive and easy to install Pros: Shipment arrived within the next 2 days Cons: None Was this review helpful? Yes | No 5 out of 5 Great shelf Written By Mitchyak, Lafayette CO on Saturday, January 25, 2014 Crutchfield Customer Review (What's this?) Great solution for components for wall mount TV. Easy to install. Clean look. Solid construction. I stacked 2 shelves for satellite box and blueray. Wire pass through should accommodate 4 HDMI and a power cable. Pros: Easy installation. Clean look. Wire pass through organizes and hides wires. Clear instructions. Cons: None. Was this review helpful? Yes | No 5 out of 5 Sanus VMA401 Written By Mike, Aurora,CO on Monday, December 23, 2013 Crutchfield Customer Review (What's this?) Very easy to install, took less than half an hour. Hides wiring nicely and looks great on the wall. Pros: Looks, simplicity of installation. Cons: Made in China. Can't we make anything in the U.S. anymore? Was this review helpful? Yes | No 5 out of 5 Sanus VMA401 Written By EDS, Greenville, SC on Thursday, December 05, 2013 Crutchfield Customer Review (What's this?) Elegant design and large enough to accomodate a regular size cable box or DVD/Blueray player. Simplistic design that makes installation quick and easy. Pros: Design, installation Cons: tempered glass shelf Was this review helpful? Yes | No 5 out of 5 Works well, solid install Written By Jeff, Boulder, CO on Tuesday, June 04, 2013 Crutchfield Customer Review (What's this?) Works as intended, looks nice, almost a little too wide for our component we needed to put on it, but would easily hold a stereo component or large cable box. Pros: Looks Nice, hold a decent amount of weight, easy to install. Was this review helpful? Yes | No 5 out of 5 Slick unit Written By Anonymous, Benton, LA on Saturday, June 02, 2012 Crutchfield Customer Review (What's this?) Another great product from Sanus. EVERY detail was thought out and that makes for beauty and functionality in this unit. Pros: Well built. Beautiful. Functional. Cons: None 4 out of 5 people found this helpful Was this review helpful? Yes | No 1 question already asked Im looking to stack a cable box and xbox on this. My question is does the opening for the cables look big enough for several cables? Even better any chance you can provide the dimensions of that opening the cables go thru. I'd luv to be able to hide them all. Thanks! [ Melknee Jan 24, 2014 ] 9 answers the dimensions are 1" high by 1 1/4" wide and about an inch from the wall. Hope this helps. [ Jackie Jan 31, 2014 ] Thank you Bonnie! [ Melknee Jan 30, 2014 ] Thank you Thomas WS! [ Melknee Jan 30, 2014 ] THANKS SO MUCH GERALD JW! [ Melknee Jan 29, 2014 ] I recently mounted this device below a wall mounted TV in our exercise room. The platform was for our Xfinity cable box so routed through the channel were: (1) the power cord for the cable box, (2) the coaxial video connector to the cable box (not a very flexible cable), and (3) the HDMI connection from the cable box to the TV (a high quality cable that was also not very flexible. I had no trouble with the space for these cables and there would easily have been space for another three wire component video connection. It's a high quality, well made device - I would recommend it. [ GERALD J Jan 28, 2014 ] You should have no problem getting your cables to run behind the shelf. I know you only see the 1 inch square hole in the picture, but you can actually slide the plastic backing (with the 1 inch hole) up to feed the cables in. I actually had my HTPC (mac mini), audio receiver, and Blu-Ray player on two of these shelves stacked one on the other. I had at least 3 power cables, 5 (14-gauge) audio cables, 3 HDMI, 2 USB cables, and 1 subwoofer coax cable running behind the plastic backing piece. I think there is about 4-6 inches of space (side-to-side) for all your cables to be hidden. Hope this helps. Good luck!! [ THOMAS W Jan 25, 2014 ] I have 2 Hdmi cables and 2 power cable with room for more. Width(left to right) - Top opening ~1.5 inches. (Back to front width of top opening is ~ 3/8 to 1/2 inch) Bottom opening 1 inch. In the other shelf unit I have a coax cable and a thick power strip cable. The 2 shelves stack nicely. [ JAN Jan 25, 2014 ] I just installed this for my blue ray and was surprised at not only the ease of installation but also its high end construction. The wall bracket that holds the cables is plenty big enough for two components. Check the weight load specs but it should be fine. [ ROBERT Jan 25, 2014 ] Currently we have a cable box with the power cord, the cable itself, the cable to the TV, and there is more than enough room for all that. The opening is about 2" x 3". Hope this helps. BTW we also used a coiled cable manager to tidy everything up. [ BONNIE C Jan 25, 2014 ] For a more in-depth review and enhanced detailed information on the Sanus VMA401, please visit the Crutchfield website product page (/ISEO-rccbcspd/p_051VMA401/Sanus-VMA401.html ). × Front Searches related to the Sanus VMA401 On-wall component shelf Sanus Sanus Wall-mountable Shelving Best Wall-mountable Shelving Wall-mountable Shelving under $50 Sanus VMA401 reviews


text: We rented a houseboat a couple years ago and went up the river toward Kettle Falls. We found my Grnadpa's old Landing craft that he used as a ferry for his Wheat trucks. We saw it on the Colville beached. My Pa had sold it to the balcombs (?) They gutted it for the engine and parts.


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The High School Allotment (HSA) was created by the Texas Legislature in 2006 to assist in:
Funding amounts are based on the amount of $275 for each student in average daily attendance in grades 9 through 12. Estimated allotment payment reports are available through the School District State Aid Reports.
Districts may use funds for campus-level or district-wide initiatives for students in grades 6-12. Allowable uses include:
Please see Commissioner's Rules Concerning High School Allotment for detailed allowable uses of these funds.
Districts are not required to report on the use of High School Allotment funds; however,TEA's former Office for Planning, Grants and Evaluation released a report based on first-year uses of the High School Allotment Funds (2006-07 School Year). This report showed:
The Texas Education Agency distributes funds to districts as part of regularly scheduled Foundation School Program payments.
The High School Allotment Guide provides information on the use of the High School Allotment.
TEC §29.918 requires school districts and open-enrollment charter schools with high dropout rates to submit a plan, the Dropout Prevention Strategy Plan, detailing how the district or charter school will use its state compensatory education allotment and high school allotment for developing and implementing research-based strategies for dropout prevention.
Sara GrunbergerFederal & State Education email@example.com
Page last modified on 7/28/2014 10:37:31 AM.
Copyright Texas Education Agency (TEA) 2007-2014


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From a short jaunt to a long drive, our pets still get hungry, but with Guyot Designs Squishy Pet Bowls, feeding them on the go has never been easier!
Made from flexible food grade silicone, Squishy Pet Bowls can pack down into your pocket, but still easily pop into place for a meal on the go. Squishy Pet Bowls are easily tossed in the dishwasher or hand cleaned with soap and water, so it's simple to clean it off after your dog or cat has cleaned its contents. And since they're resistant up to 400˚F, these can handle everything from dry kibble to a hot soaking pre-mix.
Made with pride in the USA, Squishy Pet Bowls are manufactured in a way that abides by the strictest labor and environmental standards. This means your pet can feed freely from a bowl that's free of nasty BPAs and polycarbonates.
Squishy Pet Bowls are available in three sizes and feature either Tahoe Blue or Lime Green color. So everyone from your persnickety kitty to your picky pup will have no problem finding the quality, on-the-go bowl for them!
Check out some amazing videos of Squishy Pet Bowls for yourself!
From on the go to in the home, you can always trust Squishy Pet Bowls will be:
Available in Tahoe Blue and Lime Green color and 12, 24 and 32oz sizes.
Country of Origin: USA
Manufacturer: Guyot Designs
The reviews below are presented for informational purposes only and are not intended as an endorsement of any product. The information is not intended to be a substitute for visits to your local veterinarian. Instead, these testimonials offer the reader information and opinions written by pet owners and/or veterinarians concerning animal health and products that they have used.
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Increasing your gunÆs performance has always been a must, and having an accurate barrel is number one. Our proto barrels are made to the highest quality standards and are ultra accurate. These barrels go through a five step honing and quality control process to ensure each one is as precise as we designed them to be. Made from lightweight aircraft grade quality 6061 T6 aluminum for the perfect balance of weight and strength. Hard anodized color to match your style and also add a protective layer to your barrel for durability from scratches. Straight porting to keep your marker quiet and allow consistent airflow around the ball as it leaves the bore. Zero step diameter bore ensures consistent level. Proto barrels are 3D contoured, shaving off weight where you donÆt need it!
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6 Products found in Donington
Only £75
Donington Park can be reached from the M1 or the A42, if travelling from the South West. Located just off Walton Hill/Ashby Road (A453), follow all signs for Donington Park.
Donington Park Race Circuit,
Castle Donington,
Using Sat Nav? Donington Park's post code is: DE74 2RP.
The closest train stations to Donington Park circuit are Derby station and East Midlands Parkway station, a 25 minute and 18 minute taxi ride respectively.
As well as having a great service station, Donington has one of the top racing tracks in the country. It is one of only a handful of circuits that has held a Formula 1 event in the UK. The European Grand Prix was held at Donington in 1993. It was won by the late Ayrton Senna and a memorial to his victory still stands by the gift shop. The circuit came within a hair's breadth of hosting the British Grand Prix again in the late 'noughties' but the deal did not take place and the British Grand Prix continues to take place in Silverstone.
One of the great features of Donington is the variety of cars to choose from. There is a fantastic selection of Ferrari driving experiences to choose from. If you aren't sure if you'd prefer something else a number of our experiences combine a Ferrari with another car, so that you can try out two different sports cars while you're there.
You can join the Ferrari experience up with a single seater or a Porsche, but some cars are in a class of their own. The Lamborghini is one such car. Booking a Lamborghini experience will get you in the seat of the Gallardo model and you'll be able to put it through its paces around the Donington race track.
But then, if you're on a classic British racing track, shouldn't you be in a classic British racing car? If none of the above tickle your fancy then pick out a classic Aston Martin and take it for a spin around Donington. Try out the 4.3l, 6 speed V8 Vantage at Donington for yourself.


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Do It Yourself: Replacing or Installing a Door KnobHow to Replace or Install a Door Knob
Andover Keyed Entrance Panic Proof Door Knob Set from the F-Series
New F51A Panic Proof Function: This new and improved panic proof function will now unlock when the door is opened from the inside, allowing a quick and convenient exit.
The right door knob helps protect your home, and the privacy of each room within it. They also reflect your unique style. With Schlage door knobs, you know you're getting the durability you need, because our products have been specially designed to last a lifetime. And with our wide variety of designs, you'll also get the freedom to coordinate every detail of your décor—without compromise. A Keyed Entry Door Knob Set features a turn button lock on the interior. It can be unlocked by key from the exterior or by turn button from the interior. The interior side is always unlocked. This keyed Door Knob Set includes two knobs (one for each side of the door), two decorative rosettes, two keys, a latch, strike plates, face plates and the required mounting screws.
- Interior screws are not concealed.
- Unlocked/locked by key outside or by turn-button inside.
- Turning interior knob unlocks exterior knob: Meaning this lock is Panic Proof.
- This Knob set can be installed on Right and Left Handed doors.
- Faceplates (Part 16-211): Supplied with 1/4" Round Corner, Square Corner and Drive-In Faceplates
- Strike Plates (Part 10-063): Supplied with Square Corner and Round Corner Full Lip Strike Plates (Dimensions: 2-1/4" x 1-5/8")
At Schlage®, they've been helping people feel more secure for over 90 years. By building commercial grade quality into every product Schlage® makes, from remote security systems to stylish door knobs, they've become the leader in home security and hardware products. And with innovative new solutions like wireless and mobile security, Schlage is helping build the homes of the future—and delivering the security products people need to live better, more comfortable lives.
Additional Schlage Links
- View Manufacturer Warranty
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Our SKU: Schlage F51-AND
This product is listed under the following manufacturer number(s):
- Schlage F51AAND716
Aged Bronze
- Schlage F51AAND609
Antique Brass
- Schlage F51AAND620
Antique Pewter
- Schlage F51AAND505
Lifetime Polished Brass
- Schlage F51AAND613
Oil Rubbed Bronze
- Schlage F51AAND605
Polished Brass
- Schlage F51AAND625
Polished Chrome
- Schlage F51AAND626
Satin Chrome
- Schlage F51AAND619
Satin Nickel
*Denotes a finish or option that has been discontinued
Schlage F51AAND613 Product Specifications
|Installation Sheet
|Specification Sheet
|ANSI Certification
|BHMA Certification
|Grade 2
|2-3/4", 2-3/8", Adjustable 2-3/8" or 2-3/4"
|Cross Bore
|5 Pin Schlage C
|Door Thickness
|1-1/2", 1-3/4", 1-3/8", 1-5/8"
|Edge Bore
|Entrance Lock, Single Cylinder
|Left, Reversible, Right
|Handle Design
|Handle Material
|Handle Style
|Latch Faceplate
|Drive-In, Round Corner, Square Corner
|Product Class
|Rosette Shape
|Trim Design
Installation Resource Center
Whether you are installing the product yourself or hiring a professional, our installation Resource Center has everything you need to get your project done. Visit the Installation Resource Center to get started.


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Spectromorphology is an approach to sound materials and musical structures which concentrates on the spectrum of available pitches and their shaping in time.
The concepts and terminology of spectromorphology are tools for describing and analysing listening experience. The two parts of the term refer to the interaction between sound spectra (spectro-) and the ways they change and are shaped through time (-morphology). The spectro- cannot exist without the -morphology and vice versa: something has to be shaped, and a shape must have sonic content. Although spectral content and temporal shaping are indissolubly linked, we need to conceptually to be able to separate them for discursive purposes - we cannot in the same breath describe what is shaped and the shapes themselves.
Each component of the term belongs to other disciplines (visual, linguistic, biological, geological), which is fitting since musical experience radiates across disciplines.
A spectromorphological approach sets out spectral and morphological models and processes, and provides a framework for understanding structural relations and behaviours as experienced in the temporal flux of the music. (Sources - Denis Smalley (1986). Spectro-morphology and Structuring Processes, in Simon Emmerson, ed. The Language of Electroacoustic Music. Basingstoke: Macmillan); Denis Smalley (1997). Spectromorphology: Explaining Sound-shapes. Organised Sound Vol. 2, No. 2. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.)
See also:Aural Analysis, Causality, Discourse within Electroacoustic Music, Gesture, Indicative Fields and Networks, Listening Experience, Modes of Listening, Morphology, Schaefferian Theory, Spectral Analysis, Spectrum, Surrogacy
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Design Your Own Unknown
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Oval Pink Sapphire and Diamond Bracelet (7.5")
This bright and cheery bracelet extends seven inches and features ten oval pink sapphires, at approximately 2.05 carats TW, and 98 round diamonds, at approximately .39 carat TW. Each stone was hand-selected for brilliance and sparkle. The bracelet is crafted from superior quality 14 karat white gold and has a total gem weight of approximately 2.44 carats.
Also Available in: Yellow Gold
Item Details
Item Number
7 inch
Metal Finish
Metal Type
14K White Gold
Sapphire Color
Setting Type
Prong Set
Stone Shape
Stone Type
Total Carat Weight
2 1/2 ct. t.w.
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Steve Morabito of the BMC Racing Team lost contact with the leading group on the final climb Friday and slipped out of overall contention with two days to go at the Volta a Catalunya.
Frank In The Break
Morabito said he did not have the power to stay with the leading group as it ramped up the pace to catch a six-man breakaway that included teammate Mathias Frank. "The climb was about one kilometer too long," Morabito said. "I tried to close the gaps but it just wasn't possible. The team put me in good position at the bottom of the climb but I was missing something. Right now I don't have my climbing legs. It's only my second race." Julien Simon (Saur Sojasun) won the stage while Morabito arrived nearly five minutes later to drop from second to 28th overall. Michael Albasini (GreenEDGE Cycling Team) remained the race leader while Frank (23rd, 3:41 behind) is the BMC Racing Team's best-placed rider overall. Frank said he was feeling good. "I saw the breakaway going and knew we needed someone with it," he said. "The first 90 kilometers (of 207) were really fast because everyone was attacking."


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'Change the look of your pram to suit your mood!!!!'
kiddicare staff expert - peterborough
'The Concord Scout is a brilliant piece of engineering. Concord have taken the old scout and have gone to...'
Kiddicare Staff Expert - Peterborough
For the first six months of baby's life journey, it's a great idea to use a carrycot before they can fully lift their head. Compatible with your pushchair and great for spinal support, why not take a browse through our range of carrycots from Babystyle, Graco and many more today? Plus, if you spend over £49.99 we offer free delivery to all of you in mainland UK!
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