text:
Related links
Leadership Drugs & Alcohol Setting PgCert
This PgCert was developed in partnership with STRADA (Scottish Training on Drugs & Alcohol) to deliver leadership training to people working at the community level in the drug and alcohol field.
- You will be able to evaluate the concept of leadership and its application to drug and alcohol service settings; describe the nature of teamwork and its application in drug and alcohol settings; analyse leadership and management within a continuous improvement model; and explain and contrast managing change and improvement in drug and alcohol settings in the UK and Scotland.
- The PgCert in Leadership Drugs & Alcohol Setting is highly interactive, drawing on your knowledge and experiences as a means of helping you to improve your understanding and skills in leadership and management of drug and alcohol services.
Programme overview
- PgCert: 9 months full-time; 18 months part-time
The training is offered flexibly through three full-day sessions each semester, supported by extensive online materials.
Core courses
- Leading people
- Leading organisations
- Practitioner inquiry and decision making.
Career prospects
In most cases you will start this programme already employed in leadership positions in hospitals, community service agencies or agencies that specialise in drug and alcohol support. The programme will enable you to further develop your skills as leaders of community organisations.
After graduating with the PgCert you can continue studying for the MSc in Organisational Leadership.
Further information: Professor Tony Townsend
email: email@example.com
Academic entry requirements
Entry requirements for postgraduate taught programmes are a 2.1 Honours degree or equivalent qualification (for example, GPA 3.0 or above) in a relevant subject.
Applicants for this programme must also be employed in a related field.
International students with academic qualifications below those required should contact our partner institution, Glasgow International College, who offer a range of foundation courses.
Further information regarding academic entry requirements: firstname.lastname@example.com
English language requirements
For applicants whose first language is not English, the University sets a minimum English Language proficiency level.
International English Language Testing System (IELTS) Academic module (not General Training):
- overall score 6.5
- no sub-test less than 6.0
- or equivalent scores in another recognised qualification (see below)
Common equivalent English language qualifications:
- ibTOEFL: 92; no sub-test less than 20
- CAE (Cambridge Certificate of Advanced English): B minimum
- CPE (Cambridge Certificate of Proficiency in English): C minimum
- PTE Academic (Person Test of English, Academic test): 60; no sub-test less than 59
Pre-sessional courses
The University of Glasgow accepts evidence of the required language level from the Language Centre Pre-sessional courses. We also consider other BALEAP accredited pre-sessional courses:
What do I do if...
my language qualifications are below the requirements?
The University's Language Centre offers a range of Pre-Sessional Courses to bring you up to entry level. The course is accredited by BALEAP, the UK professional association for academic English teaching; see Links.
my language qualifications are not listed here?
Please contact the Recruitment and International Office: firstname.lastname@example.com
If you require a Tier 4 student visa, your qualification must be one of the secure English language tests accepted by UK Border Agency:
- UK Border Agency Tier 4 English Language requirements
- UKBA list of approved English language tests [pdf]
my academic qualifications are below the requirements?
Glasgow International College offers Foundation courses to upgrade your academic qualifications.
Visa requirements and proof of English language level
It is a visa requirement to provide information on your level of English based on an internationally recognised and secure English language test. All test reports must be no more than 2 years old. A list of these can be found on the UK Border Agency website. If you have never taken one of these tests before, you can get an initial idea of your level by using the Common European Framework self-assessment grid which gives you a level for each skill (e.g. listening B1/writing B2 etc.) However, please note that this is not a secure English language test and it is not sufficient evidence of your level of English for visa requirements.
If you require a Tier 4 student visa, your qualification must be one of the secure English language tests accepted by UK Border Agency:
- UK Border Agency Tier 4 English Language requirements
- UKBA list of approved English language tests [pdf]
For further information about English language requirements, please contact the Recruitment and International Office: email@example.com
Guide to applying online
Do I have to apply online for a postgraduate taught degree?
Yes. To apply for a postgraduate taught degree you must apply online. We are unable to accept your application by any other means than online.
Do I need to complete and submit the application in a single session?
No. You have 42 days to submit your application once you begin the process. You may save and return to your application as many times as you wish to update information, complete sections or upload additional documents such as your final transcript or your language test.
What essential documentation should I have available before I start my application?
As well as completing your online application fully, it is essential that you submit the following documents:
- A copy (or copies) of your official degree certificate(s)
- A copy (or copies) of your official academic transcript(s), showing full details of subjects studied and grades/marks obtained
- Official English translations of the certificate(s) and transcript(s)
- Two supporting reference letters on headed paper
- Evidence of your English Language ability (if your first language is not English)
- Any additional documents required for this programme (see Entry requirements for this programme)
- A copy of the photo page of your passport (Non-EU students only)
Do my supporting documents need to be submitted online?
Yes, where possible, please upload the supporting documents with your application.
What if I am unable to submit all of my supporting documents online?
If you cannot upload an electronic copy of a document and need to send it in by post, please attach a cover sheet to it that includes your name, the programme you are applying for, and your application reference number.
You may send them to:
Recruitment & International Office
71 Southpark Avenue
Fax: +44 141 330 4045
Can I email my supporting documents?
No. We cannot accept email submissions of your supporting documents.
What entry requirements should I have met before applying? Where can I find them?
You should check that you have met (or are likely to have met prior to the start of the programme) the individual entry requirements for the degree programme you are applying for. This information can be found on the 'entry requirements' tab on each individual programme page, such as the one you are viewing now.
What English Language requirements should I have met before applying? Where can I find them?
If you are an international student, you should also check that you have met the English Language requirements specific to the programme you are applying for. These can also be found on the 'entry requirements' tab for each specific programme.
Guidance notes for using the online application
These notes are intended to help you complete the online application form accurately, they are also available within the help section of the online application form.
- Name and Date of birth: must appear exactly as they do on your passport. Please take time to check the spelling and lay-out.
- Contact Details: Correspondence address. All contact relevant to your application will be sent to this address including the offer letter(s). If your address changes, please contact us as soon as possible.
- Choice of course: Please select carefully the course you want to study. As your application will be sent to the admissions committee for each course you select it is important to consider at this stage why you are interested in the course and that it is reflected in your application.
- Proposed date of entry: Please state your preferred start date including the month and the year. Taught masters degrees tend to begin in September. Research degrees may start in any month.
- Education and Qualifications: Please complete this section as fully as possible indicating any relevant Higher Education qualifications starting with the most recent. Complete the name of the Institution (s) as it appears on the degree certificate or transcript.
- English Language Proficiency: Please state the date of any English language test taken (or to be taken) and the award date (or expected award date if known).
- Employment and Experience: Please complete this section as fully as possible with all employments relevant to your course. Additional details may be attached in your personal statement/proposal where appropriate.
- References: Please provide the names and contact details of two academic references. Where applicable one of these references may be from your current employer. References should be completed on letter headed paper and uploaded on to your application.
Standard application deadlines
- International applications (non-EU) 25 July 2014
- UK and EU applications 29 August 2014
Classes start September 2014 for most courses and you may be expected to attend induction sessions the week before.
Apply now
Tuition fees for 2014-15 (subject to change and for guidance only)
Home and EU | |
Full time fee | £1783 |
Part time 20 credits | £594 |
International | |
Full time fee | £4583 |


text:
December 28 , 2012 by: ASRM Office of Public Affairs Published in ASRM Press Release
Washington, DC – "Today the U.S. Senate approved legislation to provide access to infertility services for our nation's veterans. The "Women Veterans and Other Health Care Improvements Act of 2012'' would direct the Secretary of the Department of Veterans Affairs to furnish fertility counseling and treatment, including the use of assisted reproductive technology, to severely wounded, ill or injured veterans whose infertility was incurred or aggravated in the line of duty. Female veterans, the spouses of veterans and surrogates would be eligible.
The bill also allows the Department of Veterans Affairs to provide veterans with reimbursement for costs associated with up to three adoptions as long as the expenses do not exceed the expense of one cycle of in vitro fertilization.
The first fertility treatments would likely not be covered before late 2014 because the Department of Veterans Affairs would have up to 18 months to establish program rules.
It is nothing but unjust to send our military personnel into harm's way and to not provide health care services to address health care needs that arise due to their service and dedication to our country. We encourage the U.S. House of Representatives to pass this bill so that it can be sent to the President without delay."
For more information on these press releases, contact:
J. Benjamin Younger Office of Public Affairs409 12th Street SW, Suite 203Washington, DC 20024-2188Tel: (202) 863-2494/Fax: (202) 484-4039
Sean Tipton Phone: 202-863-2494 Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
Members are allowed to have direct input in shaping policies and protocols in their area of expertise through ASRM affiliated societies, professional groups, and special interest groups.
Affiliates: SART | SMRU | SREI | SRBT | SRS
Professional Groups: ARM | LPG | MHPG | NPG
Special Interest Groups: AESIG | CAMSIG | ChSIG | CSIG | EndoSIG | EPSIG | ERSIG | FPSIG | FSIG | HDSIG | GCSIG | IRMSIG | MSIG | NutriSIG | PAGSIG | PGDSIG | RISIG | RMSCBSIG | SSIG | TSIG | WC

subset: commoncrawl


text:
I have stayed here many times. The staff has always been friendly and helpful, especially Meaghan (sp?). The rooms are decent, generally clean, and comfortable. My biggest complaint is that you can smell smoke in the hallways and through the bathroom vents. I wish the whole facility was non-smoking.
- Also Known As:
- Extended Stay Kansas City
- Kansas City Extended Stay
- Reservation Options:
- TripAdvisor is proud to partner with Booking.com, Orbitz, Priceline, Travelocity, Cheap Tickets, Expedia, Venere, Hotels.com and Tingo so you can book your Extended Stay America - Kansas City - South reservations with confidence. We help millions of travelers each month to find the perfect hotel for both vacation and business trips, always with the best discounts and special offers.


text:
Good spot close to the airport with good value shuttle service (Alpha - only $10/room & also good service) Easy, helpful check in, nice big King room, no road noise at all even though on road side of building.
- Also Known As:
- Airport Clayfield Hotel
- Official Description (provided by the hotel):
- Airport Clayfield Motel is located within a 5 min drive from Brisbane Airport and 10 mins from the city centre. We are conveniently located within a 2 minute walk to many award winning restaurants, fast food outlets and takeaways, (approximately 25 establishments to choose from), not to mention the Clayfield Tavern. Buses and Trains depart from our doorstep, linking us with the city centre, the Entertainment Centre, Showgrounds, Suncorp Stadium, Southbank, and Race Tracks, all being within 10-15 mins. The DFO and Toombul shopping centre are less than a 5 mins drive, and are conveniently located between the motel and the airport, perfect for a quick shop before your flight. A free shuttle bus runs from the DFO complex to the domestic and international terminals making it even easier to get around. ... more less
- Reservation Options:
- TripAdvisor is proud to partner with Booking.com and Agoda so you can book your Airport Clayfield Motel reservations with confidence. We help millions of travellers each month to find the perfect hotel for both holiday and business trips, always with the best discounts and special offers.


text:
Church Administration Building Village Piece 5.25" (Resin)
by Zions Mercantile
Not currently available
Domestic and International Shipping Options
Product Description
Delight your family with this unique Christmas village designed exclusively for Deseret Book. With finely crafted detail, these durable resin pieces include a battery-operated light pack and are available individually or as a complete set with base. Capture the lights of Temple Square with this charming collectible series!
About the Author
Zions Mercantile is a gathering of gifts and décor inspired by our unique Latter-day Saint heritage — whether it be from Palmyra, Nauvoo, Salt Lake City or anywhere in the world. Offering quality products in a variety of price points, Zions Mercantile is a place you can find meaningful items that enhance your home and reflect your values.
Zions Mercantile – available at Deseret Book stores and at DeseretBook.com
Bring them back PLEASE!!!
by Marjorie - reviewed on January 29, 2013
I was fortunate to buy the whole Temple Square set a few years ago. I have received so many compliments and people asking me where they can get a set too! The whole set with the platform is breath taking. Another special Christmas decoration is the Angel Moroni Tree Topper. I had one, moved and now can't find it. They aren't sold anymore either.
Join Platinum Rewards Club
Earn points on every purchase, plus get other great benefits.
Learn more


text:
Ladd Legion Auxiliary will meet Tuesday
LADD — The Ladd American Legion Auxiliary will meet at 5 p.m. Tuesday for its annual Christmas party.
The dinner will be catered by Ladd's Softtails. Reservations may be called to the committee by Sunday.
There will be a donation to the food pantry and a $10 gift Christmas gift exchange for anyone wishing to participate.
Story Archived
Only the most recent 14 days of articles are available for free. For articles older than 14 days there is a small fee for retrieval from our archive. If you are a registered member of the site, the content is free just by signing in below.
Please sign in with your Comment Member ID and password.
Purchase Access
To allow for flexibility, we offer a variety of options for purchasing articles:
Having trouble?
If you have any technical difficulties, either with your username and password or with the payment options, please contact us by e-mail at email@example.com


text:
I am trying to include a php file to the wrapper using
- Code: Select all
{include "../featured.php"}
which works perfectly, it does include that file but instead of running the script in that php file to display content it just prints the code in that file.
Anyone know what im doing wrong?
Thanks in advance.


text:
Cheap Monday
Four Jeans
From the Stockholm-based Weekday stores comes Cheap Monday, which aims to deliver on the promise of fashionable denim at affordable prices. Since it's inception in 2004, Cheap Monday has grown to offer a full-range clothing line for the young, trendy, and design driven.
- Wash - Blue 4 Blue
- 32" Inseam
- 9" Rise
- 100% cotton
- 15" in the knee narrows to 14" at the leg opening
- Whiskering along front pockets
- Fading along front of pant and back pockets
- Styled with SeaVees Pantone Linen Plimsoll in Tin Grey.
- Modeled in size 32x32. See fit guide for model's dimensions.
- Revolve Style No. CHEA-MJ71
- Manufacturer Style No. 0200547


text:
The LAMBDA DOSER is a unique programmable pump for free-flowing solid substances. It allows the automatic or continuous addition of powders, powdery and crystalline substances without a spoon.
The LAMBDA DOSER, composed of a dosing unit coupled to a stepping motor controlled by modern electronics, allows constant and reproducible dosing even of solids which do not flow well. A remote controller allows the doser to be used in automatically controlled reactions.
In many laboratories powdery and crystalline reagents are still added into reaction vessels spoon by spoon. This is against the safety rules, such addition is not reproducible and there is a risk of contamination of persons by toxic substances. Since the DOSER is air tight the substances are not affected by water vapour, oxygen or other contamination.
Request info
Write a review
Sharing your experience will help scientists like you. Achieve Reviewer Status and Win an iPad 3 (All reviews published will be entered into the next drawing on January 30th 2014).


text:
Bright and cheerful glossy, lacquer salad servers made from bamboo.
We like bamboo because it is very strong, resistant to water, will not splinter or leach and is light.Significantly, it grows fast so forests are not being destroyed to make these salad servers.
And we love the salad servers because of the amazing colours and original design.
- Handcrafted in Vietnam
- Not dishwasher safe
- Dimensions: 17.5cm x 9cm


text:
You're watching...
Bo Deitl "Congratulates" Ray Lewis on Super Bowl Victory
Bo Dietl of Investigations.com discusses the life of the Ravens' linebacker.
Feb 4, 2013
You're watching...
Bo Dietl of Investigations.com discusses the life of the Ravens' linebacker.
Feb 4, 2013
Also in this playlist...
Auto-advance: ON
Auto-advanceThis transcript is automatically generated
Its -- and I are somewhat -- now.
Those sorts of programs sponsored by active -- university medical center -- four.
Presidents and emotionally brought him.
-- -- -- border tomorrow from Motorola deployments and little one on little invited like you to -- several won't emotion yeah how does that mean those we go to New -- And we watched it was a it was very exciting.
That last call I like to forty nines but the list all.
You can end game like that who would have would have been right on either side that's decision cool that but you know what.
Really great to have Ray Lewis I was so proud -- him.
-- problem is.
Is to families.
That lost his son's -- a dead.
Dead did you know debt is that's the -- -- don't miss the lowest the hero for all of a sudden became a rats ate some -- gave up to two what do guys.
Maybe the -- killed those two guys.
Down there are no -- to dubbed ever forgets this too young men dead.
And maybe you should still don't I don't know I don't know you've -- -- -- and the man hours ago levels their -- -- and -- some dots on -- -- -- redemption over Serbia else.
Not by handle well you know what everyone buys into that crap you get to dead -- God forbid it was a family members some major auto assembly field -- yeah -- It was two dead but I doubt let's get off that.
Amid -- -- dramatic as the we're -- board for a -- Rivera that's for the -- yes and yes yes.
-- -- -- -- -- You know what he's one of the most balanced guys he turned around from left wing commie all of a sudden now he's the middle of the road a lot of people don't like to think that he's the -- -- Rivera.
Geraldo Rivera.
Ways everything out he -- excellent he'd be great he will be great to fight for the economy rather Rivera I'm serious I I go back -- back in the young -- days.
When he was a lawyer for the young loans -- column.
I was is that I was -- Koppel there were a robber with a -- revel rout.
I low overall the remain he's come around you know what it is it's -- he dental arched -- marriage of drawing.
He he's very -- his wife -- -- great family -- series is great family man -- loves his -- -- made some mistakes.
I've made some mistakes so I mean look at these he'd be a great United States that he'd be -- that that makes good job would be nobody -- how to take all the girls in the Caribbean -- in Dominican Republic was his name -- says brother what does that and it's malaria everyone forgot about he's the -- 1516 year old -- him and and and everyone forgot.
-- -- -- a -- -- Extol the virtues overall Rivero.
I don't know not well supplement and I don't know no excuse me police overall though there were all reporting IB do well reported on.
That was a while hey look at this girl from standard number Clarence -- This little girl from Staten Island by Bob the bachelor yup yeah inspired a vote.
She should Schlumberger through terrorism -- life.
And I show business aspect which are slot beneath him about why did an analyst and -- board -- -- -- Hartford.
-- -- second you know what and he'd be real he Israel he understands life he's got a great balance alive.
This will girl loses or drawers -- Open I don't decide issues.
-- -- I'm gonna support.
-- -- -- -- One issue at some point and you know the Portland as the lord -- lord -- people list will grow from Staten Island Don.
She went to Istanbul Turkey right formal if she was killed loaded you know I go back would restore real fear this story with Jimmy to wage and -- data -- -- for -- -- me work for me.
We had a kid that was kidnapped in our generalized.
It took -- -- while there is Michael was -- -- all that's it so -- terminal ahead this kids date is somebody to have four.
Not due to tough guy.
So there's eight year old kid gets kidnapped is Kimball Turkey by aid of the father who conceive -- dated him right.
And we'll be put -- on a plane.
The mother then pose to the police station said.
My son's been taken is the humble target some sit in my office this is using -- is heavyset woman Compton she's -- -- actually.
What's up with -- and I vice in this -- is -- Stuff client so she says she wanted to detectives this guy who who out of pregnant seven years prior.
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- To detectives now said you can't do not Louis ample legal to got -- got locked up.
Says but there's one values guy boat deals I asked how much money should start trying to get a I take it easy lady as 120 could you put the -- stuffed -- prices will -- kid now she goes Istanbul Turkey's again get a map the world with a houses -- -- to -- -- wall.
Now -- -- -- to wage indeed eco vol.
Out -- they call me up from Istanbul Turkey said.
If we get -- taking this kid out of a paltry they're gonna put us in jail for five years before we sent a -- Well guys take your bullet patients up debt I just get this -- that it aren't -- how we got the kid out.
I want to -- element -- Lauren we Amanda put 15100 miles out and kishore depiction kid and tell Missouri fifteen on -- -- -- if we got -- back to United States rest indicated back.
I tell you what it was it was unbelievable McCain got back before the shorter -- to -- became tried to bite my facial with the father -- I was gonna kill them right.
Story but I this terrible Terry I offering -- time.
Regiment the wives of some bills -- botulism -- will join those ways to -- Jimmy and we rescued another kid out of out of Denmark and Jimmy's domino helicopter Jimmy says all we got a problem the guy's got a -- and as Jim you six -- four.
Take away Naomi takes a -- -- went shouldn't -- man he was outlawed that and we had a minute topless to remember we I would -- Russian guy a brass -- them that's enough I it was good part of his involvement margins about this or -- remembers when program that is.
Filter by section


text:
Millions of us have not pleased since he was inaugurated in Jan 2009 because his policies are intended to tear the fabric of the U>S>A>
i am not pleased either...starting with the new taxes coming out of my work checks....and it mushrooms from there...
I´m pleased that he´s not pleased. Is there anything else I can do to keep you unhappy Mr Obama?
Humph, whaddyaknow, neither am I.
Folks, be aware!! Here is the new lie that the Democrats are using lately and repeating over and over that we need to nip in the bud and counter right away: they keep claiming thqt Republicans have Congress because of heavy gerrymandering. But it is the Democrats who have been gerrymandering and stealing seats for decades. They are projecting to try to discredit us and so they can redraw the districts in their favor. Spread the word before this gets too far on their side. I have been watching this one come up a lot lately. They will use this to regain their supermajority if we don´t counter it immediately.
He is also an ass.
Gerrymandering is trivial.Outright voter fraud/election theft in Ohio, Florida, North Carolina, Washington and elsewhere gave us the problems we have today.Al Franken was legitimately elected? Pauline Gregoire was legitimately elected? Barack Obama was legitimately elected?
The Audacity of a Dope is more like it.
Of course he is not pleased, America did not roll over and give in to his communist agenda. Amazing that he thought it would be a cinch to transform America into Amerikka just on his strength of his bloviating. I guess it is because he is not one of us. He´ll never understand, we will have to keep on explaining how the American spirit works.
oh, it was supposed to be "the" strength. Bloviating blows me off track.
Millions of Americans who voted for Barack Obama are going to get exactly what they deserve, and it´s going to be very, very ugly. Unfortunately, the 61 million of us who voted for the sane and sensible Mitt Romney are going to suffer too.What on earth has happened to America? Obama really WAS elected in 2008, which was bad enough; and he really WAS re-elected last November, which makes my head spin. It´s difficult to comprehend that there are enough stupid American voters to re-elect this failed president, serial liar, and utterly obvious fraudster.
Let me be clear-me either.
#8, yes election fraud is a major problem, but gerrymandering is not trivial. I live in California and that is how the Dems stole this state and how they keep 90% control over it.


text:
We created Pandora to put the Music Genome Project directly in your hands
It's a new kind of radio –
stations that play only music you like
Now Playing
Music Feed
My Profile
Survivor's brand of melodic, hard AOR netted the group several hits through the '80s, including two smash themes from Rocky films, but never quite matched the success or consistency of contemporaries like Foreigner. Survivor was founded in 1978 by guitarist/keyboardist Jim Peterik, formerly the lead singer of the Ides of March, and guitarist Frankie Sullivan; the two recruited lead singer Dave Bickler and recorded a self-titled debut album as a trio with studio musicians Dennis Johnson on bass and Gary Smith on drums. Their places were taken by permanent members Stephen Ellis and Marc Doubray, respectively. The group's big break came in 1982 when Sylvester Stallone commissioned them to write the theme to Rocky III; the result, "Eye of the Tiger," was an instant hit with its bombastic opening riff and anthemic chorus. It spent six weeks at number one on the Billboard charts and pushed the accompanying album of the same name over the one million sales mark. Bickler quit in 1983 due to medical reasons and was replaced by former Cobra singer Jimi Jamison. The shakeup gave the band a kickstart, and they had two Top Ten hits in 1985 with "High On You" and "The Search Is Over." The band's theme from Rocky IV, "Burning Heart," provided their second biggest hit in 1986, but their fortunes slid downhill from there; by the end of the year, Jamison, Peterik, and Sullivan were the only remaining members, and Survivor finally disbanded in 1989. Bickler, Sullivan, Ellis and Doubray returned to the studio as Survivor in 1997; Jamison later returned to the lineup as well. ~ Steve Huey, Rovi
Selected Discography
dont read this because it actually happens. you will be kissed by ur love by the nearest friday. tomorrow will be the best day of ur life. now that u started reading this dont stop. post this on at least 5 songs in the next 143 minutes. if u dont post this u will die in 2 days. when ur done press f6 then ur lovers name will be on the screen in big letters this is so scary because it actually real
I love that song this back in the days I love your Survivor
Sup bronies and/or furries. Just wanted to say if love listening to TDG, RATM, SOAD, The Man In Black, Fozzy, AWOLNATION, or Papa Roach, feel free to check out my Bio and follow me. I will follow back.
Alright for one I HATE THE SPAM CHAINS and I think they should go along with the people that created them things.....I f you agree with me Follow Me (I'll follow Back) and copy/paste this on artist comments and Let's make the chains leave Pandora ForEver!!!!! ! ! ! ! ! ! also it only takes one message to Make a chain of people to agree and join The Repel Army
1 kiss your left hand 2 say your crushes name 3 close your hand 4 say a weekday (school day) 5 say your name 6 open your hand 7 post this on 15 other songs and your crush will ask you out on the day you picked
Eye of the tiger is one of the reason why I'm addicted to rock !!!!! Best song ever made !!!!! Katy Perry's version is an embarrassmen t to the tiger
bcornwell328 9
I love rock my first concert was Dooby brothers and bad company
The eye of the tiger, I heard it and also hear it is an old song, I don't care, I like it a lot!
I have the eye of the tiger....yaa a a a a a ! ! ! ! ! !
Follow for followers biaches
Follow for followers biaches
sadiebell060 2
This was on so many movies I love it
the1minecraf t e x p e r t
Let's clear this up.most of the singers that make like that victory music end up as hill billies and start talking s**t about miley cirus twerking on michael jackson so don't urn into one of them please.if you like follow me please
Survivor should have had Bon Jovis success but like Life of Brian, sometimes your cradle flows down the wrong river
Great make out song on lake Michigan in HS with Chicago skyline. These were guys from chi town saw them a few times good chick band in the early hair band days
Don't read this because it actually works. You will be kissed on the nearest Friday by the love of your life. Tomorrow will be the best day of your life. However if you don't post this you will die in 2 days. Now you started reading this so don't stop. This is so scary put this on at least 5 songs in the next 143 minutes. When done press f6 and your lovers name will appear on the screen in big letters this is so scary because it actually works
My favorite song eye of the tiger
DONT TAKE THIS SERIOUSLY. This is a load of socialist rap. Cant joke around or people will take you seriously
I flipped my hair 6 times I kissed my name I nails 3 times
i am only letting this play because it reminds me of the big bang theory
Dj Matty banmtsr r k f k cd sbnbp. J hb. N fed. Jvft. Xhvvk nkvhv. Xb. M kvvg. Fch f. Vnk gyv vjcf mm cgv m fv
Cgv cg. Vcfb. Nnn fv m bn bn m hh vh ggd CDC chhd cgv vgf. Cxcgc bbxbxjxk. Bbxbxjxk vvvv. Bcc cv. Vg fv. Vcvbvbjvncvb . Vbxg vjb st vh bn. Bvcjv hx carjacking vvcvu. Vjb hvcgvx
Cgv cg. Vcfb. Nnn fv m bn bn m hh vh ggd CDC chhd cgv vgf. Cxcgc bbxbxjxk. Bbxbxjxk vvvv. Bcc cv. Vg fv. Vcvbvbjvncvb . Vbxg vjb st vh bn. Bvcjv hx carjacking vvcvu. Vjb hvcgvx
Most underrated band in the 80's. Seems like every time I turned around, Survivor was in the top ten again. One of those bands I go back and listen to, and the memories come back.
Show more


text:
To share this article: Enter the email address you want to send this article to in the field and click "Send"
By Kim Hasty Staff writer
PINEHURST - Even now, she is everywhere in this sun-dappled house nestled among the Moore County pines.
She is in the colorful prints she framed that line the hallways, depicting the places she loved all over the world. She's in photo after photo that depict her as the beautiful, smiling woman who was always aiming for the stars.
Most of all, she is unmistakably in the faces of the pretty little girls who swing on the swings and run around the yard and cling to the neck and waist of their handsome daddy.
Genevieve Sounia is gone too soon, taken July 13 at just 34 years old by a virulent form of breast cancer.
But her presence, in so many ways, is still here. And her memory, along with the legacy of steadfast faith and joy she leaves, are certain to endure.
Cancer struck her, sickened her, weakened her and, ultimately, killed her.
But cancer never once defined her.
"I will always tell my children about my dear friend, Genevieve,'' said Jennifer McBee, speaking at a service that celebrated her friend's life. "About your courage and grace; your faith and strength.
"And I will tell your girls, every chance I get, just how wonderful their mother was.''
Breast cancer, the most common cancer in women, strikes more than 200,000 women each year in the United States. While only 5 percent of all breast cancer cases diagnosed in the United States each year occur in women under 40, breast cancer in younger women tends to be more aggressive.
Genevieve Sounia was the nursing mother of a toddler and a preschooler when she was diagnosed with Stage 4 breast cancer in May 2011.
"It was an incredibly rough week,'' said Lt. Col. Phillip Sounia, Genevieve's husband of nine years. "And I say a week, because after a week she was back up on her feet. That's how strong she was. She didn't let it deter her one second. She rallied herself and she rallied us.''
Sounia, a West Point graduate, is commander of the 3rd Squadron, 73rd Cavalry Regiment, 1st Brigade Combat Team, 82nd Airborne Division at Fort Bragg. The commander's job comes with a lot of responsibilities, and so does the role of commander's wife.
But a lifetime of overachieving seemed to have prepared Genevieve Rickmeyer Sounia for the demands of a life well lived.
She was born in a small township on Long Island, N.Y., and attended a private Lutheran school where she excelled in the classroom and was a three-sport athlete and cheerleader.
"We had one of those big, long station wagons,'' said her mother, Anne Rickmeyer."I could fit 11 in the car. It was legal back then.''
The more was always the merrier with Genevieve.
"She was always looking to involve other people,'' her mother said. "That's the type of person she was.''
Genevieve attended George Washington University on the unlikely combination of a dance scholarship and an ROTC scholarship. She was commissioned in the Army in 1999 as an adjutant general officer stationed in Germany.
One evening, not long after she arrived, she met the man who would become her husband.
"I saw her from across the room,'' Phillip Sounia remembers. "And there were about 10 guys surrounding her trying to talk to her. And I immediately pushed them to the side.''
By their second date, he told her he intended to marry her. Once they returned from combat deployments during the opening months of Operation Iraqi Freedom, the two were married at West Point's Cadet Chapel in 2004.
They spent the early years of their marriage back in Germany, a base that allowed them to travel all over Europe and the Mediterranean.
"Just living life, living joyfully,'' Phillip Sounia said. "We went scuba diving in Malta, scuba diving in the Red Sea. I don't even know how many countries we visited.''
They returned to the United States in 2006, where Genevieve retired as an Army captain, then gave birth to their daughter Ava in 2007. A second baby girl, Elise, was born in 2009.
The Sounias were a dynamic couple.
"She was the sparkle and the brains,'' her mother said. "And he was the power.''
She served as head of the battalion's Family Readiness Group, always ready to lend a sympathetic ear or helpful advice.
"I love her. She was an incredible woman,'' said Lula Poulos, owner of Lula's Cafe in Southern Pines. "She did dinners with me for wives whose husbands were deployed. She would bring a gift and do a little drawing.''
Genevieve collected abiding friendships the way some women collect designer handbags.
"She was smart, beautiful, capable,'' Jennifer McBee said. "And she was determined. She decided how she would fight this battle, and she did it on her terms, right to the end.''
After the cancer diagnosis and its dim prognosis, the Sounias regrouped and got busy. They saw doctors, changed their nutrition habits and eliminated chemicals as much as possible. They relied on the close-knit group of friends and loyal fellow soldiers who were always willing to help.
"All the way up the chain of command,'' Phillip Sounia said. "Those guys are generals for a reason. They are leaders of character you can trust.''
And the Sounias kept right on living.
Phillip Sounia whisked his wife away on a trip to California, where they waded into the waves at Big Sur and drew faith and serenity among the big redwoods. They hiked the Grand Canyon "rim to river.''
Genevieve Sounia had surgery at FirstHealth of the Carolinas in Pinehurst, and the couple stayed at the Clara McLean Hospitality House. Genevieve was so comforted by the calm gray walls and peaceful gardens that she thought to start a support group that would meet there. The Sandhills Young Adult Cancer Support Group still meets on the fourth Monday of each month.
"She was a wonderful person in every way,'' said Laura Kuzma, volunteer coordinator. "She was intelligent and very compassionate and had a wonderful way with people.''
The end came sooner than expected. Genevieve had checked into the hospital for a blood transfusion. Her husband leaned down to kiss her forehead, and the woman with the dazzling smile and soulful eyes smiled one final time. She died in her husband's arms.
The tears seemed as if they would never end for Phillip Sounia, but he knew his sweet wife would not want it that way. On the way to one of three memorial services in her honor, the skies were leaden with gloom.
Suddenly, the sunlight broke through the clouds. Sounia, driving with his mother-in-law, pulled to the side of the road, looked up and marveled.
"We're ready,'' he said.
The weekend that Genevieve Sounia died, the couple, thinking they had more time, had planned to work on scrapbooks and recordings for their girls, telling them things their mother wanted them to remember about her.
There was no time.
But that is no matter.
This is a woman who was unforgettable.
Already, memorial contributions have been enough to endow a scholarship in her name at her alma mater, Long Island Lutheran High School. The first beneficiaries were two boys whose mother is battling cancer. Anne Rickmeyer and Genevieve's friends have started a community blog called Genevieve's Helping Hands through the Lotsa Helping Hands organization. It is designed to help anyone in need.
"It's what she would have wanted,'' Anne Rickmeyer said.
Genevieve Sounia was a woman cancer could not capture.
"She was an expert,'' her husband said, "at living joyfully.''
Fayobserver.com is using Facebook Comments. You must have a Facebook account and be logged in to Facebook to post your comment below. Your comment is subject to Facebook's Privacy Policy and Terms of Service on data usage. Your comment will appear on our site and on your Facebook page unless you uncheck the "Post to Facebook" box. We expect users to maintain a civil discourse. If you believe a comment is inappropriate, you may click the X in the upper right corner to send an abuse report to Facebook. To report an objectionable comment directly to Fayobserver.com, email email@example.com. Want to know more? Check out our FAQ.


text:
Abstract : Infestations of the common bed bug, Cimex lectularius, have increased over a hundred-fold in the last ten years, and pest control operators in the U.S. spent almost half a billion dollars trying to detect and control them in 2012. Our knowledge of their basic biology lags far behind that of other blood-feeding insects, partially because bed bugs were not a problem from the 1940s on, and because they do not transmit pathogens. We have collaborated with scientists from JMU and North Carolina State University to answer critical questions about pesticide resistance and population genetics in bed bugs from Virginia. JMU faculty and undergraduates have also identified bacteria isolated from bed bugs. Finally, we are proposing a project that would quantify the efficacy of current control strategies and determine if we are selecting for a novel mechanism of resistance.
Dr. Heinrich uses his research to generate interest among community college students in learning about biology, which in turn creates deeper appreciation of how biology directly affects their lives. This is most successful when he takes students with him to do fieldwork in Southeast Asia, in a small post-conflict country known as East Timor. He pulls students out of their Southern California comfort zone and drops them on the other side of the planet, creating a research environment in a cultural and natural environment that is so foreign, that students drop their pretenses and reservations and truly engage in the experience. Dr. Heinrich incorporates Timorese students into the research team, and as a consequence deepens the educational and cultural experience for both guests and hosts in the country. His surveys of amphibians and reptiles is now in its fourth year, and through the effort of seven teams of students they have more than doubled the number of species known from the country—with many of those new species to science. Upon their return to the U.S., several students every semester continue the experience with specimen work, which typically leads to publication. The students who go on these trips are changed, and it is his hope that the appreciation of our natural environment and the better understanding of faraway places gained on the trip allows them to make better informed decisions in the future when it comes to nature or international affairs.
Abstract: Human fetal and neonatal mandibular form changes were examined using three-dimensional metric data, digital x-rays, geometric morphometric wireframe analysis, and non-standard measurements. The results of this research show that early mandibular growth is not a uniform timed sequence, critically influenced by factors like mechanical stimuli and the developing dentition. Additionally, the most dynamic developmental components are not the standardized dimensions that have received the most attention and the interrelationships among the structures are very complex.
Structural biology has changed the fields of biology and chemistry by connecting atomic structure to the biological function. Nine of the last 30 Nobel Prizes in Chemistry have recognized structures of biological macromolecules or the techniques to determine these structures and nearly 8,000 protein structures are deposited in the Protein Data Bank every year. However even this information is not enough for us to describe completely the functions of proteins.
My research combines in vitro biochemistry with X-ray crystallography to understand how function and structure are connected in the ubiquitin conjugating enzymes. Ubiquitination of proteins occurs in many human signaling pathways with nearly 1,000 enzymes involved in directing protein ubiquitination. I will present two studies that were key the development of a catalytic mechanism for ubiquitin transfer to the substrates and connect these previous studies to current work in the JMU Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry.
Leeann Thornton, Associate Professor of Biology at The College of New Jersey, "Plant responses to the environment: structure, function, and genetic redundancy of cytochrome P450 enzymes"
The goal of my scholarly program is to understand the molecular basis of plant growth and metabolism. Because plants are sessile, they must continually monitor external conditions and regulate metabolic processes and growth patterns to adapt to the surrounding conditions. External factors influencing plant success include light, temperature, water availability, and nutrient supply as well as attack from herbivore, bacterial and fungal pests. Stress from any one, or a combination, of these factors can decrease the growth and reproductive potential of the plant. In crop plants, growth is important for obtaining high yields of leaves, stems, and roots that we eat, while reproductive success provides the grains, seeds, and fruits in the human diet. The basic research that I do is related to the global question of how humans will continue to feed our growing population. Currently, most crop plants only achieve about 20% of their potential yield when grown in the field. That means plant biology research has plenty of room to improve the amount of food obtained from each acre of farmland.
Metabolic responses to environmental conditions require thousands of enzymes that must work in delicately balanced concert to facilitate plant growth and defense against pests. Plants with the most tightly regulated metabolism and growth are more likely to thrive. The cytochrome P450s (CYPs) are a group of enzymes that catalyze biochemical reactions in all organisms, and they are particularly important in plant metabolism. There are hundreds of CYPs in plants, and they are grouped into subfamilies based on genetic similarity. I will tell two stories that combine a molecular genetic analysis with biochemistry to describe subtle differences in apparently redundant CYPs from Arabidopsis and rice. One group inactivates a plant growth hormone in response to light and another group contributes to defensive secondary metabolites produced in response to stress and herbivory. This work provides insight into the ongoing evolution of plant genomes and the metabolites produced by CYPs.
Eria A Rebollar-Caudillo, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. "Understanding bacterial evolution: The case of Exiguobacterium, a halophilic bacteria living at the Cuatro Cienegas Basin, Mexico."
Prokaryotes are both the most diverse and abundant organisms in the planet. The microorganisms have played essential biological and geochemical functions since the origin of life on earth. One of the central subjects in evolutionary microbiology is to understand the reasons for this enormous genetic, metabolic and ecologic diversity. The Cuatro Cienegas Basin (CCB) is part of the chihuahuan desert and it comprises several oligothrophic aquatic systems with contrasting environmental conditions. The heterogeneity of this place make it an excellent model to explore the role of ecological and geographical factors in the diversification and adaptation of prokaryotes to different environments and the molecular mechanisms that allow population divergence and differentiation. We studied the molecular evolution of 183 isolates of the Exiguobacterium genus. This genus is comprised by halophilic and alkaliphilic non-sporulating bacteria and is extremely abundant in the sediments and water from the CCB aquatic systems. The complete sequence of the 16srRNA gene and four partial housekeeping genes (citC, rpoB, recA and hsp70) were obtained. Based on the concatenated phylogeny of the four coding genes we defined three main phylogroups with contrasting genetic diversity values. These phylogroups are not specific to an aquatic system or a determined salinity. However the phylogenetic reconstruction indicates the existence of several small clusters composed by isolates from sediment or water only. In addition, Unifrac and AdaptML analyses revealed a clear differentiation pattern associated to sediment and water habitats. This work supports previous observations of niche differentiation in other bacterial lineages and represents the first work showing ecological divergence associated to water and sediment habitats.
Casey Huckins, Michigan Technological University: "Coaster brook trout and the Salmon Trout River: ecology and restoration with shifting stressors"Although once the dominant nearshore predator in Lake Superior, coaster brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) populations were vastly reduced by early 1900s leaving only scattered populations. The Salmon Trout River (STR) in Marquette County, MI hosts the last verified remnant and reproducing population of adfluvial coaster brook trout (coasters) along the south central shore of Lake Superior. We have used fish counting weirs (since 2000) to conduct a long-term survey of coaster adults migrating upriver, coupled with visual surveys of adults on spawning beds (since 2004). We conduct annual multi-pass electrofishing surveys of fish populations in six fixed study sites in the STR and one site each in a set of neighboring rivers to assess juvenile populations. We then observed the river becoming impacted by fine sediments emerging from watershed disturbance and so began quantifying substrate conditions (e.g., percent fine composition of sediments, sand depth, and embeddedness) in each site to assess multi-scale relationships between brook trout juveniles and the biotic and abiotic components of the river habitat. We are now conducting stream restoration to attempt to mitigate the excessive sand aggradation, which threatens major spawning areas.
These long-term surveys reveal juvenile salmonid densities in the STR are substantially lower than densities in neighboring rivers. At the regional scale (i.e., across rivers), juvenile salmonid (brook trout, coho salmon, and rainbow trout) densities varied by a factor of 3 across the tributaries, and sites with greater streambed aggradation of fine sediments had fewer juvenile salmonids. The composition of juveniles varied among rivers with low fine sediment aggradation and ranged from a brook trout only system above a barrier, to rivers where brook trout are absent and likely excluded by nonnative salmonids. At the reach scale within the STR we detect species-level longitudinal variation across the study sites, which range from higher gradient sites upstream to relatively low gradient sites downstream. Along this gradient we detected greater abundances of brook trout in lower reaches where substrates were more embedded with sand. Greater abundances of potential competitors (juvenile coho salmon and rainbow trout) were observed in upper reaches that appear to have better habitat quality. However, associated research in the STR indicates brook trout prefer less sandy habitats. These results support the hypotheses that brook trout density may be limited by biotic interactions with non-native salmonids in higher quality habitat, brook trout find competitive refuge in more degraded sites, and may be relatively excluded from some of their native rivers that are less degraded due to aggraded fine sediments.
In this talk the concept of peripheral target (e.g. eye, salivary gland, heart) mediated systems matching of neuronal circuits will be introduced by reviewing: the neurotropic factor hypothesis (Hamburger and Montalcini, 1950s; Deppmann et al, 2008) and synapse formation (Sharma, Deppmann, Harrington, et al 2010). The Deppmann lab has recently made inroads into some of the signaling mechanisms governing these processes. In particular, two unpublished studies will be discussed relating to: (1) how TNF family receptors cooperate in order to expedite cell death, restrict axon growth, and change neuron size and (2) the molecular basis for how the target derived neurotropic "signaling endosome" initiates a feedback loop to extend its own stability and signal duration.
Plants store about half of their daily photosynthate as starch in chloroplasts then degrade it each night, primarily by beta-amylase, to supply the plant with reduced carbon when photosynthesis isn't possible. There are nine beta-amylase-like genes (BAMs) in Arabidopsis thaliana. Six of the BAM proteins are plastid-localized including BAM3 and BAM9. BAM3 is catalytically active and appears to play an important role in nighttime leaf starch degradation. In contrast, BAM9 is catalytically inactive and is expressed only at the beginning of the day period. Knockout mutants lacking BAM9 have a mild starch-accumulation phenotype leading us to suspect that BAM9 plays a regulatory role in daytime leaf starch metabolism. In order to generate testable hypotheses regarding BAM9's function, we aligned BAM9 orthologs from six eudicots with a corresponding set of BAM3 orthologs and searched for uniquely conserved amino acids. We then mapped these amino acids onto a PHYRE-generated 3D model of BAM9. Based on this analysis, we hypothesize that BAM9 binds maltose and another protein, but not starch. We are presently using NMR, phage display, and starch-binding assays to test these hypotheses.
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a defining component of the outer surface of Gram-negative bacteria. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a Gram-negative opportunistic pathogen, responsible for acute infections in immunocompromised hosts and chronic lung infections individuals with cystic fibrosis. P. aeruginosa LPS is one of its recognized virulence factors: strains from acute infection generally express a complete LPS, while those from chronic infections in CF are generally LPS-defective. This seminar will describe the synthesis of P. aeruginosa LPS and explain how this complex molecule is regulated.
S100 proteins are small, dimeric calcium binding proteins that contain two EF-hands per monomer. While these proteins are expressed plentifully in a tissue-specific manner, the cellular functions of most S100 proteins remain understudied. Here, I will talk about work to elucidate the solution structure of S100A1 in varoius biologically relevant states.Multidimensional NMR spectroscopy techniques were utilized to solve the solution structure of S100A1 in its Ca2+-bound form. The protein folds as a symmetric homodimer, with an X-type helix bundle comprising the dimer interface. A large conformational change, involving the reorientation of helix 3, accompanies S100A1 calcium binding. This change exposes a previously hidden hydrophobic pocket which is the general target protein binding site and specifically the binding site for the calmodulin binding domain of the ryanodinereceptor. The solution structure of S100A1 bound to a peptide from this region, along with whole-cell calcium transient measurements in S100A1 knockout mice, provide evidence that S100A1 directly increases RyR1-driven calcium release by binding to a discreet area on the cytoplasmic face of RyR1. This binding event is driven by both hydrophobic and ionic interactions between S100A1 and the RyR peptide. A competition between S100A1 and calmodulin for the same region of RyR1 represents a cellular mechanism of modulating SR Ca2+ release in myocytes, and as such, represents a new molecular pathway in which to combat heart failure.
Infectious diseases have emerged as a significant threat to wildlife. Environmental change is often implicated as an underlying factor driving this emergence. It is therefore important to identify the environmental factors that can influence host-pathogen systems and their underlying mechanisms. The emerging pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) is a clear example of the negative effects infectious diseases can have on wildlife. Bd is linked to global declines in amphibian diversity and abundance. However, there is considerable variation in population-level responses to Bd, with some host species experiencing marked declines while others persist. Aspects of the abiotic environment may play a role in this variation. My research used populations of pond-breeding chorus frogs (Pseudacris maculata) to test if three rapidly changing environmental factors, nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and temperature, influenced the presence, prevalence, and severity of Bd infections.
Monitoring from 20 frog populations found high Bd presence and prevalence in breeding adults. Adult frogs experimentally exposed to Bd showed high levels of mortality. Yet chorus frog populations have persisted for several years. Presence, prevalence, and severity of Bd infections were not correlated with aqueous concentrations of N or P. There was, however, support for an annual temperature-induced reduction in Bd prevalence in newly metamorphosed larvae. A mathematical model of chorus frog population growth suggests that this annual temperature-induced reduction of Bd infections in combination with rapid host maturation may help chorus frog populations persist despite high rates of disease related mortality. These results provide evidence that water temperature may play an important role in enabling chorus frogs to persist with this pathogen and lay the groundwork for future research examining how environmental factors and host life history can interact to enable host populations to persist with a "virulent" pathogen.The headlines read, "U.S. pushes for more scientists, but the jobs aren't there" (Washington Post, July 7, 2012). Traditional academic jobs are scarcer than ever. Once a primary career path, only 14 percent of those with a PhD in biology and the life sciences now land a coveted academic position within five years, according to a 2009 NSF Survey. If this is the case, then what alternatives are there to traditional career paths for those with doctorates in biology and medicine? Perhaps, a career in public education warrants a look.
How does one parlay a major in biology from James Madison University into a meaningful and productive career in public education that is both personally and professionally fulfilling? What does such a career look like? Is a major in biology good preparation for a career in public education and STEM? How can research interests in biology still be an integral component of this career path?
Explore these questions and more in this seminar conducted by Dr. Hays B. Lantz, Jr., former Assistant Superintendent of Schools for STEM Education, Baltimore County Public Schools, Maryland. From examining the teaching of biology in public schools to designing and implementing instructional programs in STEM PK-12, participants will have an opportunity to explore how a major in biology can lead to a career in public education that is a dynamic and rewarding lifelong endeavor.
Both scientists and laymen alike are familiar with symbioses: Insects pollinate flowers, ants defend acacias, and many vertebrates rely on symbiotic gut microorganisms for digestion. Among the best publicized and most sensationalized of symbioses are cleaning symbiosis mutualisms. Images of small, colorful shrimp or tiny precocious fishes cleaning parasites and necrotic skin from large otherwise-aggressive fishes are well known thanks to fantastic reporting from National Geographic and the Discovery Channel. However, a common misconception regarding mutualisms is that they are relatively benign, cooperative interactions in which both partners always benefit. To the contrary, many mutualisms are best viewed as reciprocal exploitation in which each partner benefits by exploiting its counterpart to the fullest extent possible. In such interactions, there is obviously the potential for overexploitation. However, mutualisms are common in nature, so it stands to reason that there are mechanisms in place that allow each partner to prevent overexploitation.
For the past 15 years, my colleagues and I have studied the only described freshwater cleaning symbiosis in which annelid worms (Annelida: Branchiobdellida) clean the gills of crayfish, resulting in increasing growth and decreased mortality of the crayfish host. While our system is somewhat less well publicized—and some might even misguidedly argue, less charismatic—than the well-known coral reef cleaning symbioses, it has the benefits of being common, accessible, and extremely amenable to experimentation. During my seminar, I will describe the nature of this symbiotic interaction including costs and benefits to both partners and the mechanisms through which they are accrued, discuss the controls that prevent over-exploitation by each partner in the symbiosis, and demonstrate how the symbiosis between crayfish and branchiobdellid produces effects that cascade through stream systems, affecting both community structure and ecosystem processes.
Bharath Balu, SRI - "Antimalarial drug target discovery through a forward genetic approach"
Malaria is a major global health problem, causing close to a million deaths and clinical illness in hundreds of millions of people every year. The malaria parasite, Plasmodium, has developed resistance for most antimalarial drugs and there is a dire need to expand our arsenal of antimalarial drugs to protect millions of people worldwide. However, a major strategic hurdle to antimalarial drug development is our grave lack of understanding of Plasmodium biology, as almost 50% of its genome (approximately 2500 genes) codes for "proteins with unknown functions". Functional characterization of the Plasmodium genome is therefore critical to identify new and high-value therapeutic targets. We have pioneered a forward genetic approach, using transposon-mediated insertional mutagenesis, to rapidly identify crucial parasite genes and facilitate novel antimalarial therapeutic intervention strategies.
Katrina Gobetz, JMU – "Burrowing as a function of ontogeny and colony in semifossorial mammals"
Study of burrowing mammals applies to organisms at various levels. Digging strategy of a species is a gauge for evolutionary patterns of burrowing in more basal mammals, and behavior of burrowers affects species co-using a burrow ecosystem. Burrowers traditionally fall into forelimb-, head-, and tooth-digger categories. My research entails breaking down digging behavior into individual movements, analyzing the sequence, and illustrating it kinematically. My work on semifossorial eastern chipmunks (Tamias striatus) and lab strain Norway rats (Rattus norvegicus) suggests that the paradigm-like categories only partly explain burrowing behavior, that digging strategy changes with ontogeny, and that juveniles are the most active diggers.
Chipmunks are morphologically unchanged from ancestral squirrels of 25MYA, and digging strategy may be similarly basal. Analysis of chipmunks from two regions suggests that head and teeth are necessary digging aids, especially in juveniles, and juveniles have more complex movement sequences. Similar patterns occur in the rat, a non-native with persistent burrowing habits that make it a bona fide nuisance. Burrowing is instinctive in Sprague Dawley rats, which separate into active "alpha" diggers or "betas" that rarely attempt excavation. Division appears to correlate with age and sex, with highest alpha concentration among youngest age classes. In one 68-rat sample, all 2wk-old nursing pups and 48% of weaned pups were alphas with obligatory head/tooth digging. Burrowing activity lessens with age in males but persists in females, echoing wild rats' harem-type colonies. In juveniles, head/limb parameters affect movement, but it is unclear whether "babyish" proportions limit or facilitate digging. My students and I currently test hypotheses that burrowing begins during nursing, and that juveniles contribute significantly to creation of burrow ecosystems.
Dr Mark Gabriele, JMU – "Assembling Functional Auditory Circuits in the Developing Brain Prior to Experience"
Hearing, performed by the auditory system, is a vital sense and critical for speech and language acquisition. Despite significant incidences of hearing loss and innovative treatment strategies (e.g. implantation devices), fundamental questions remain unaddressed concerning auditory circuit formation. The auditory system is functionally organized into topographic connections that preserve tonotopy, or frequency mapping established in the cochlea. The accurate alignment of these projection maps defines functional compartments necessary for processing sophisticated auditory tasks. The primary aim of my research laboratory is to determine the developmental mechanisms that guide accurate topographic and patterned projections to the auditory midbrain, or inferior colliculus (IC). Previously, we have shown that multiple developing inputs to the IC exhibit mature projection patterns prior to hearing onset (postnatal day 12 in mouse). We hypothesize that the spatial resolution necessary to establish this precise blueprint of connections in the absence of experience requires close cell-to-cell signaling via a family of membrane-tethered guidance molecules, the Eph-ephrins. We have found that several members of this signaling family are expressed in the nascent IC (EphA4, ephrin-B2, and ephrin-B3), and further, their graded and modular expression correlates temporally and spatially with known developing IC projection patterns. Utilizing fluorescent axonal tracing methods in control (C57BL/6J) and Eph-ephrin mutant mice (EphA4lacZ, ephrin-B2lacZ, ephrin-B3lacZ, ephrin-B3null), we report significant topographic mapping errors in the development of ascending inputs to the IC. Current work aimed at establishing an organotypic in vitro stripe assay will provide further insights concerning the specific influences various Eph-ephrin members elicit on growing auditory axons. Finally, we are currently exploring a variety of physiological and behavioral tests to assess any functional consequences that may result from the altered circuitry observed in our Eph-ephrin mutants. Mechanisms learned from these developmental studies will not only help guide new strategies for treating the hearing impaired, but are also applicable to fields of neural plasticity, recovery, and regeneration.
Cassidy Turner, McGuire Veterans Hospital - "Hospital Dentistry: Exploring the Oral Health Systemic Health Connection"
Abstract: Periodontal disease and dental caries are diseases that not only affect oral health but systemic health as well. 23% of the US population age 25-64 has untreated dental caries and 8.5% of the US population age 25-64 has periodontal disease. Untreated dental caries can result in tooth loss, chronic pain, localized infection, systemic infection, or, in extreme situations, even death. Uncontrolled periodontal disease has been linked to poor glycemic control in diabetics, heart disease, and low birth weights/premature births in pregnant women who have uncontrolled periodontal disease..
Eva Strawbridge - JMU Math Department - "Twisted DNA and Wiggling Worms: The Mathematics of Slender Bodies"
Abstract: How can a worm or snake crawl, swim, (or, yes, even fly)? How does a vine twist and grow? Why does a plasmid of DNA twist up on itself? Slender objects, both passive and active, are a pervasive phenomenon in biological systems. Is there then, some abstract way in which we may view or model any of these organisms, materials, or biomolecules which might capture certain large scale behaviors common to them all? In this talk we will briefly discuss one mathematical model of a slender body and how this model is being applied and extended to new, multi scale research in animal locomotion to answer the burning question: How do worms wiggle?
Click on "Menu" to choose a talk.
Steve Cresawn
Title: "A Genomic Perspective of Bacteriophages Through the Development of Computational Tools".
Bacteriophages (viruses that infect bacteria) are the largest knownreservoir of novel genetic sequences on planet Earth. These viruses are critical for carbon cycling in the environment, useful as diagnostics in the laboratory, and are being explored as anti-bacterial agents in the clinic.
Bacteriophage genomes have mosaic architectures and are replete with small open reading frames of unknown function, presenting challenges in their annotation, comparative analysis, and representation. We are developing a new bioinformatic tool, Phamerator, that assorts protein-coding phage genes into phamilies of related sequences using pairwise comparisons to generate a database of gene relationships. This database is used to generate genome maps of multiple phages that incorporate nucleotide and amino acid sequence relationships, as well as genes containing conserved domains. Phamerator also generates phamily circle representations of gene phamilies, facilitating analysis of the different evolutionary histories of individual genes that migrate through phage populations by horizontal genetic exchange. Phamerator represents a useful tool for comparative genomic analysis and comparative representations of bacteriophage genomes. The analysis of these genomes is an important component of a number of courses in our department (Viral Discovery, Viral Genomics, Bioinformatics, and Genomics). The contributions of these students will be highlighted.
Tim Bloss
Title: "What doesn't kill you…: cell-stress response in C. elegans and its implications for disease development and treatment".
Maintaining cell viability and function is a complex and dynamic process, particularly in the face of the significant and persistent stresses that all cells face throughout their existence. Cell stress can take many forms, all of which trigger responses ranging from complete resolution of the stress to cell death. Poorly regulated stress responses are closely linked to a multitude of diseases, including neurodegeneration and cancer, therefore our understanding of cell-stress management is essential to our understanding of these disease pathologies. We study cell-stress response in the model organism C. elegans., in particular, the management of stress associated with misfolded proteins. Through the use of RNA interference and GFP-fusion protein expression, we are able to induce misfolded protein stress in C. elegans and evaluate the subsequent response. Our results are providing insights into how specific cell types handle misfolded protein stress and how these responses differ from cell-type to cell-type, resulting in rescue or death. The accumulation of misfolded proteins is a hallmark of many neurodegenerative diseases, including Huntington's and Alzheimer's; we hope our understanding of how C. elegans handles this stress will provide insights into the function of homologous stress-response systems in human cells, and how they work, or don't work, in the face of these diseases.
Heather Griscom
Title: "Return of the Giant: Experimental Seedling Trials with American Chestnut"
American chestnut was once a dominant canopy species in many eastern deciduous forests. Unfortunately, this ecologically and economically important species has been eliminated from the forest canopy for over sixty years due to an introduced fungal pathogen. We are almost at the point of introducing blight-resistant chestnut hybrids into our forests. However, little is known about American chestnut's ecological niche or whether hybrids have retained American chestnut ecophysiological characteristics and growth. We have been experimenting with two levels of light and soil in parallel field and greenhouse studies for the past four years. Thus far, we have found that optimal sites for planting American chestnut hybrids are in small gaps located within upper slope, ridge sites. Seedlings performed relatively well, had good survival rates, and were the most competitive with tulip poplar, their major competitor, under these conditions. In addition, we did not detect a significant difference between American chestnut and the hybrids for any performance parameters measured.
Marta Bechtel
Title: "Form Makes Function" – The Road to a Tissue-Engineered Cornea.
Corneal disease is the second-leading cause of blindness in humans worldwide and the only current treatment is corneal tissue transplantation. This results in high demand for cornea tissue, which currently exceeds supply, making a tissue engineered cornea highly desirable. One approach to tissue-engineering a cornea is based upon the concept that various components of a tissue act in concert to provide the specific functions of a tissue. This tissue-engineering approach includes selecting the appropriate cell type(s), appropriate scaffold material, and the appropriate signals (such as growth factors, mechanical stimuli, flow conditions, etc.), which all contribute to formation of the three-dimensional (3D) architecture of a functional tissue. An important feature of cornea tissue is the need to be transparent, so an in vitro engineered cornea must also be transparent to be useful. Research in my lab is currently focused on understanding and controlling the cell phenotype of corneal keratocytes, the cell type found in the stromal layer of cornea tissue, and the cell type that plays an important role in maintaining cornea transparency. We employ a rabbit cornea tissue model to study how various artificial scaffolds, and biochemical signaling molecules can influence the functional differentiation of corneal keratocytes as these cells move through a wound healing phenotype toward a fully differentiated phenotype that yields a transparent tissue. In addition to studying cornea tissue engineering, we hope this work, in conjunction with our collaborators, will contribute to a better understanding of corneal wound-healing mechanisms associated with corneal haze problems resulting from eye surgeries, and provide a model system for studying new ophthalmic drugs.
Andy Johnson, Univ. Penn
Title: "Metabolic regulation during the immune response" Watch video
The immune system attempts to eliminate cancerous cells and invading pathogens, but evasion tactics by these diseases can result in persistent tumors or infections. The continued presence of diseased cells in these contexts leads to an over-stimulated, dysfunctional immune state termed exhaustion. Exhausted immune cells have an impaired ability to fight infections compared to the cells generated following vaccination. These differences are at least partially caused by inhibitory receptors on the exhausted cells that are believed to send negative signals that block immune activation. Exhausted cells also display altered energy metabolism just as exhausted humans do during prolonged exercise such as a triathlon. Metabolic processes can regulate the development and function of many cell types including those of the immune system. These characteristics of exhausted immune cells may be linked as inhibitory receptors were recently shown to block pathways that control metabolic processes. Importantly, though originally observed in a mouse model of chronic infection, clinical researchers also found that blocking inhibitory receptors partially reverses immune exhaustion, enhancing the immune system's ability to fight cancers including AML.
My goal is to understand how inhibitory receptors and metabolic pathways regulate immune cell function in order to find ways to reverse immune exhaustion and help the body's natural defenses eliminate cancer and chronic infections. To address this, I have begun analyzing the metabolic pathways active in exhausted cells that express different combinations of inhibitory receptors. I have exciting preliminary results showing that particular subsets of exhausted cells have decreased and delayed activation of a central regulator of metabolism. I now plan to monitor this metabolic pathway following blockade of inhibitory receptor activity and to enhance this metabolic pathway using clinically proven pharmaceutical drugs. Ultimately, this will lead to a more complete reversal of immune exhaustion by directly targeting the dysfunctional metabolic processes that are required by the immune system to destroy cancerous or infected cells.
Kimberly Terrell, National Zoo
Title: "Investigating the Influence of Projected Climate Change on Hellbender Physiology". Watch video
The Appalachian region is home to half of the United States' salamander species, including the hellbender (Cryptobranchus alleganiensis), but populations throughout this area are mysteriously vanishing. Climate change is globally linked to enigmatic amphibian declines and will likely impact Appalachian salamanders and other ectothermic species adapted to cool microclimates. This talk will focus on an ongoing study at the Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute (Washington, DC) that examines the influence of changing temperature on hellbender immune function and metabolism. Working collaboratively with state, federal, academic and NGO partners, we are using both lab and field-based approaches to determine if climate change can act synergistically with other stressors (e.g., water quality) to threaten salamander survival. These studies will establish certain physiological limits of (or opportunities for) climate change adaptation in hellbenders and may provide insight into the enigmatic declines of Appalachian amphibians.
Justin Brown
Title: "Role of Brain Stem Serotonin in the Cardiovascular Response To Stress In Rats - Applications to Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)"
Dysfunction in serotonin (5HT) neurotransmission in the brainstem of infants may disrupt protective responses to stress and increase the risk for Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS). The raphé pallidus (NRP) and other brainstem nuclei are rich in 5HT and are thought to mediate stress responses, including increases in blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR). Determining how 5HT neurotransmission in the brainstem mediates responses to stress will help to explain how dysfunction in neurotransmission could increase the risk of SIDS. It was hypothesized that alterations in neurotransmission in the NRP, specifically activation of the 5HT-1A receptor subtype, would block cardiovascular responses to various types of exogenous stress. Using aseptic techniques, male Sprague-Dawley rats were instrumented with radiotelemetry probes which enabled non-invasive measurement of BP and HR. An indwelling microinjection cannula was also stereotaxically implanted into the NRP for injection of drugs that altered local 5HT neurotransmission. Following a one week recovery period, rats were microinjected with either muscimol (GABA-A receptor agonist), 8-OH-DPAT (agonist to the inhibitory 5HT1A receptor), or a vehicle control (artificial cerebral spinal fluid; ACSF) immediately prior to exposure to one of three stressors: handling, air jet, or restraint. Physical handling and restraint of the animal were designed to elicit a mild and a maximal stress response respectively; while an air jet directed at the rat's face was used to provoke a psychological stress that did not require physical contact. All three stressors elicited similar and significant elevations in HR and BP following ACSF that persisted for at least 15 min with BP and HR elevated by ∼14.0 mmHg and ∼56.3 bpm respectively. The similarity in the stress responses suggest even mild handling of a rat elicits a maximal sympathoexcitatory response. The stress response was abolished following 8-OH-DPAT or muscimol microinjection suggesting the cardiovascular responses to stress are mediated by the NRP and likely involve the 5HT-1A receptor. Impairment in 5HT1A receptor function in the NRP likely impairs the normal cardioprotective responses to stress and may contribute to the etiology of SIDS.
Butch Brodie, UVA
Title: "Predator-prey arms races between snakes and newts from molecules to landscapes". Watch video
Arms races between predators and dangerous prey can lead to rapid and elaborate counter-adaptation. Newts of the genusTarichapossess the sodium channel blocker tetrodotoxin, which is lethal to most predators. Garter snakes have repeatedly evolved resistance to TTX through their ecological interaction with toxic newts. Sodium channel genes are highly conserved across vertebrates, yet garter snakes have evolved resistance through a few key mutations in these proteins in a very short evolutionary time. Snake species around the world have evolved TTX resistance through the same set of mutations, painting a clear picture of constraint driven convergent evolution at the protein level. Understanding the molecular mechanism of adaptation helps explain the dynamics of predator-prey arms races in this system, wherein predators some times "win" the race, but prey never do.
Abstract: Molly Bletz
Title: "Transmission and persistence of probiotic skin microbes on red-spotted newts"
The infectious disease, chytridiomycosis, is considered one of the leading causes of these enigmatic amphibian declines in pristine areas. Caused by the cutaneous fungal pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), chytridiomycosis is decreasing amphibian biodiversity, driving >200 species to extinction across many continents. Cutaneous mutualistic bacteria are a critical part of an amphibian's defense against Bd infection. The use of these beneficial bacteria as probiotics for susceptible species is likely the most feasible conservation strategy.
It is well documented that amphibians maintain populations of microbiota on their skin; however, how these particular beneficial species are acquired, maintained and transmitted is not fully known. Therefore, the aim of the proposed research is to investigate the transmission and maintenance of beneficial bacteria on amphibians and the necessity of environmental bacterial reservoirs for probiotic conservation methods to allow continued resistance to Bd. Using outdoor artificial ponds housing red-spotted newts, I plan to manipulate two factors, presence and absence of a probiotic bath and presence and absence of a probiotic environmental reservoir.
Over seven weeks, I will test how these factors influence newt susceptibility to Bd infection. Investigating maintenance and transmission can determine whether amphibians are dependent on environmental microbial populations for maintaining these cutaneous bacteria or if the microbial community is self-sustaining once acquired. Transmission and maintenance also have strong implications for probiotic conservation strategies and can provide vital insight in developing effective conservation strategies to help susceptible species.
Andy Loudon
Title: "Cutaneous microbial community dynamics of amphibians"
Emerging infectious diseases are a major threat to biodiversity. The fungal disease chytridiomycosis has been documented causing amphibian extinctions and declines globally. Indeed, the disease is considered the largest disease threat to biodiversity. One defense possessed by amphibians to combat chytridiomycosis is a cutaneous bacterial community. A number of cutaneous bacterial species have been determined to inhibit Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), the causal agent of chytridiomycosis; however, their relative abundance within their community is unknown. The stability of amphibian bacterial communities is also unexplored. Stability is defined as resistance to a disturbance; resilience is defined as recovery from a disturbance and constancy is defined as temporal stability. Using 454 pyrosequencing, I propose to investigate the structure and stability of cutaneous bacterial communities of the red-backed salamander (Plethodon cinereus) in regards to several major perturbations: moving individuals from the field to the laboratory, housing individuals with and without an environmental reservoir, and infection with B. dendrobatidis. As another objective, I will determine how the abundance of culturable species compares to that of total bacteria present in the community since most bacterial species are not easily cultured. This objective will establish if the stability of a cultured community is an adequate indicator of total community stability. I also propose to investigate temporal constancy to determine if temperature variations that mimic climate change projections influence bacterial communities' structure and function of the eastern hellbender (Cryptobranchus alleganiensis alleganiensis).
Clint epps, OSU
Title: "Contrasting connectivity across species and time scales for large mammals in East Africa" Watch video
Connectivity is often touted as a solution to help maintain biodiversity in
reserves and prevent rapid loss of genetic diversity. However, dispersal abilities vary widely across species and the effect of landscape on movement and gene flow is unknown for most species. Thus, the basis for attempting connectivity conservation among specific reserves is often unclear. East African reserves are often cited as a classic example of protected areas isolated in a sea of human activity, but little is known about the potential for connectivity among reserves. Our research group has used both field surveys of animal occurrence and population genetic data to describe and contrast patterns of connectivity for large mammals in Tanzania. In this seminar, I will present comparative estimates of long-term gene flow for four species of large herbivorous mammals, as well as analysis of changes in connectivity for African elephants from historical through present-day timeframes. Our findings will help frame the discussion regarding connectivity and the allocation of conservation resources.
Abstract: Caylin Murray
Title: "The effect of cellular stress on the unfolded protein response in C. elegans" Watch video
Cells are constantly dealing with stresses that threaten to disrupt the homoeostasis required for survival. Certain stresses can result in accumulations of misfolded protein in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), an organelle central to the maintenance of cell viability. Responsibilities of the ER include: post-translational modification of folded proteins, chaperone-guided folding of nascent polypeptide chains, and the synthesis of lipids and steroids. When proper protein folding is inhibited in the ER, highly conserved mechanisms are engaged to minimize the physiological stress on the organelle. One such mechanism is the unfolded protein response (UPR). The UPR can be broken down into three responses: First, the UPR works to restore homeostasis by decreasing translation of proteins; next, there is an increase in the production of molecular chaperones that bind directly to proteins to prevent their misfolding; finally, the UPR degrades improperly folded proteins that have accumulated within the ER. Even with these controls in place, the environment in the ER may become too toxic for cell viability. In these cases, the UPR shifts focus to death and disposal of the cell by apoptosis or autophagy. The goal of this study is to explicate the balance between autophagy and apoptosis in response to the UPR through manipulation of the C. elegans protein Inhibitor of Cell Death-1 (ICD-1). Loss of ICD-1 appears to induce an accumulation of misfolded protein in the ER, resulting in the induction of the UPR. We will characterize the scope of the UPR in C. elegans lacking ICD-1 by removing ICD-1 from worms deficient in specific aspects of the UPR. Ultimately, we hope to learn how the UPR is controlled and extrapolate these finding to the human system, which contains highly conserved UPR mechanisms relative to C. elegans.
Matthew Eddy
Title: "The effect of Dengue Virus E protein on chondrocyte immune response" Watch video
Dengue Fever and, the more severe, Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever has been a problem for people living in tropical regions with elevated endemic mosquito populations. 50-100 million people are currently thought to be infected by this pathogen every year. The disease causes a number of symptoms ranging from rash, a mid-grade fever and arthralgia (joint pain), to hemorrhaging of internal organs and death in extreme cases. My research focuses on arthralgia and its association with cells known as chondrocytes, the cell population present in cartilage tissue, as well as characterizing potential receptors of the Dengue virus in macrophages. To facilitate these studies, I will be using an envelope protein of the Dengue virus to stimulate an immune response in both cell types and checking gene expression patterns over a time course using quantitative Real-Time PCR. Once genes have been identified in response to envelope protein, I will be running protein expression analysis using ELISA or immunofluorescence microscopy. In our macrophage studies we will be selectively blocking receptors known to facilitate viral uptake using antibodies and blocking ligands. Gene expression analysis and protein changes will be monitored in macrophages following incubation with viral envelope protein as well. These studies hope to elucidate the immune response generated by chondrocytes exposed to the viral envelope protein, and determine the effects of receptor blocking in macrophages to gain a better understanding of dengue pathogenesis.
Marcus Skaflen
Title: "Determining the Role of a Conserved Hypothetical Protein in the Erythrocytic Life Cycle of Plasmodium falciparum" Watch video
Malaria is a disease that causes 300-500 million cases annually, approximately 1 million of these cases resulting in death. Malaria is an infection caused by the parasitic protozoan Plasmodium. There are 5 species that can infect humans, Plasmodium falciparum causing the majority of the fatalities. The genome for Plasmodium falciparum was sequenced in 2005 and 60% of the genome encodes for unknown proteins. The last five years have lead to the development of several genetic tools for manipulating the genome, and I will be studying a mutant strain of Plasmodium falciparum. A forward genetic screen created a mutant phenotype that severely attenuated the growth in the blood stages. I will be investigating the function of the protein that the mutation disrupted using bioinformatics, examining localization and expression, and investigating protein to protein interactions. I will also be investigating the phenotype of the mutant strain, examining the erythrocytic life cycle in culture.
Jade Irby
Title: "Synthesis, Antibacterial Activity, & Structure-Function Analysis of a Novel Series of Multi-Headed Amphiphiles" Watch video
In the US, approximately two million patients a year acquire a hospital-acquired infection during their stay, leading to almost 100,000 deaths. An increasing number of these infections are caused by multi-drug resistant organisms. Development of novel, potent antimicrobial compounds could be used in eliminating or reducing potential pathogens in the hospital setting. As a continuation of our previous research on bicephalic amphiphiles, which correlated antibacterial activity with head group arrangement and chain length, the antimicrobial activity of two novel series of amphiphiles was investigated. Amphiphiles of series "A" have a tri-substituted arene core. Attached to the arene core are three head groups, each with a hydrocarbon tail (from 8-16 carbons) of the same length linked to each head group. Amphiphiles of series "B" are a structural variation of "A" with one of the head groups a pyridine without a hydrocarbon tail. These series of amphiphiles were assayed for antimicrobial effectiveness against Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli by performing standardized minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) assays. MIC and MBC values for these amphiphiles were in the low micromolar range. Specifically, the compound M-P,12,12, from series "B" (meta-pyridine, 12 carbon chain, 12 carbon chain) was most effective for all strains tested, with MIC and MBC values of 2mM for S. aureus, 2mM for E. faecalis, 4mM for E. coli, and 8mM for P. aeruginosa. In addition to being the most effective compound, the MIC values of M-P,12,12 were less than control compounds DTAB, CTAB, and Lysol. The MIC of M-P,12,12 for P. aeruginosa, a difficult to treat organism, was 4 fold less than the MIC of Lysol for P. aeruginosa (8mM and 32mM, respectively). Structure-function analysis has identified simple trends in the series of amphiphiles tested. Amphiphiles of series "A" were more effective against gram-positive bacteria. However, amphiphiles of series "B" were more effective than amphiphiles of series "A" against all strains tested. Antimicrobial activity of amphiphiles of series "B" was found to be reliant on the hydrocarbon chain length of the substitutions, with higher MIC values when chain length was shorter or longer than 12 carbons with all strains tested. This research builds upon initial discoveries regarding structure and bioactivity to identify structures with the most potent antimicrobial activity while remaining safe.
Marc Carpenter
Title: "Soil as a source of the fecal indicator, Enterococci, in a coastal watershed. " Watch video
The Clean Water Act of 1972 initiated a raised awareness of the extent of the pollution in U.S. waters and the need for monitoring and identifying sources of contamination. Surface water quality is routinely evaluated using fecal indicators, such as Enterococcus spp. Recent studies in a south Texas watershed showed that fecal bacteria were being transported to water via agricultural land runoff following rainfall, suggesting that soil, rather than fecal material, may be a source of these bacteria. In this study, soils from fields under different crop covers have been sampled to determine seasonal levels of enterococci and species of enterococci have been identified sing the BIOLOG™ Microbial Identification System. A series of laboratory experiments will be conducted to evaluate the ability of enterococci to survive in soil, using a South Texas soil…name it. . Top soil samples will be placed in small columns and inoculated with environmental and ATCC strains of a species of Enterococcus, which has been isolated from both soil and water in the watershed. Experiments will be set up at several temperatures (40o, 25o, 10oC) and moisture (dry or equivalent to 2.5 cm rainfall). Enterococci will be enumerated at several time intervals using standard membrane filtration on selective media for Enterococcus spp. (mEI), following extraction from soil. Field sampling showed higher numbers of enterococci in soil during cooler months and preliminary lab results indicate that survival of enterococci in soil is affected by temperature, with greater persistence at lower temperatures. This data support the hypothesis that soil can act as a reservoir for fecal indicator bacteria in the environment.


text:
URGENT - Oklahoma Dental Hepatitis Tests
Published 2:08 PM EDT Apr 18, 2013
(CNN) -- Out of 7,000 former patients who officials say may have been exposed to hepatitis and HIV at the offices of an Oklahoma dentist, 57 so far have tested positive for hepatitis C, three have tested positive for hepatitis B, and at least one has tested positive for HIV, the Oklahoma State Department of Health said Thursday. Health officials stress that it's not immediately clear how many, if any, were exposed to the diseases at the dentist's offices.
Copyright 2013 by CNN NewSource. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.


text:
Interior Design, Architecture Gallery, Furniture, Home Decorating – Luxury, Modern & Contemporary » Entries tagged with "classic design"
Japanese Interior Design, Godiva Chocoiste Harajuku by Wonderwall
by admin on Sep.02, 2010, under Interior, Restaurant, Shop & Store
This is a Japanese style restaurant. With a blend of minimalist style and classic design. Wonderwall designed by Japanese interior design firm. Famous designers from Japan. Built according to Godiva's new flagship store concept. Godiva's idea was "treating thyself." The shop features humorous Poor 'design details the "melting chocolate" ceiling combined with the primarily classical interior design.The boutique's popular and fashionable location of Harajuku has Also been Considered in the overall design. Passers-by Can view both its entrance as well as enjoying the customers on their time with chocolate on the second floor cafe. (continue reading…)


text:
Fox News Channel
November 5, 2013
Your search for WORLD TRADE CENTER in Times Square Bomb Attempt (May 1, 2010) returned 1 articles
Joy Levitt, executive director of the Jewish Community Center on the Upper West Side of Manhattan, remembers her first conversation with Daisy Khan around 2005, years before Ms. Khan's idea for a Muslim community center in Lower Manhattan morphed into a controversy about Sept. 11, Islam and freedom of religion. ''Strollers,'' said Ms. Levitt, whom Ms. Khan had approached for advice on how to build an institution like the Jewish center -- with a swimming pool, art classes and joint projects ...
August 11, 2010, WednesdaySEARCH 1 ARTICLES ABOUT THE TIMES SQUARE BOMB ATTEMPT (MAY 1, 2010):
A former Secret Service agent gives a tour of Times Square in the aftermath of the failed car bombing.
Diagram showing the neighborhood where a car bomb was found Saturday night.
A naturalized United States citizen from Pakistan man was arrested in the failed car bombing in Times Square.
Investigators are combing through evidence to try to determine who left a car bomb in Times Square.
Authorities quickly evacuated Times Square in Manhattan after a street vendor alerted police to smoke billowing from the back of a vehicle.
A car bomb was discovered in a smoking Nissan Pathfinder in the heart of Times Square.
Faisal Shahzad, a Pakistani-American man living in Connecticut, was charged in the failed plot to detonate a car bomb in Times Square.
In the family village in Pakistan of the Times Square bomb suspect, relatives dismiss Faisal Shahzad's involvement as a U.S. plot.
A timeline of key dates in the life of Faisal Shahzad, a naturalized American citizen from Pakistan who confessed to planting a car bomb in Times Square.
How can we prevent terrorist attacks in crowded areas? Do security cameras make a difference?
Subscribe to an RSS feed on this topic. What is RSS?