text:
Sea urchin
Sea urchin Temporal range: Ordovician–Recent |
The sea urchin (Echinus melo) from Sardinia | |
Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Echinodermata |
Subphylum: | Echinozoa |
Class: | Echinoidea Leske, 1778 |
Subclasses | |
Sea urchins or urchins, sometimes called sea hedgehogs, are small, spiny, globular animals which, with their close kin, such as sand dollars, constitute the class Echinoidea of the echinoderm phylum. There are c. 950 species of echinoids inhabiting all oceans from the intertidal to 5000 meters deep.[1] Their shell, or "test", is round and spiny, typically from 3 to 10 cm (1.2 to 3.9 in) across. Common colors include black and dull shades of green, olive, brown, purple, blue, and red. They move slowly, feeding mostly on algae. Sea otters, Sea stars, wolf eels, triggerfish, and other predators feed on them. Their roe is a delicacy in many cuisines. The name "urchin" is an old name for the round spiny hedgehogs that sea urchins resemble.
Sea urchins are members of the phylum Echinodermata, which also includes sea stars, sea cucumbers, brittle stars, and crinoids. Like other echinoderms, they have fivefold symmetry (called pentamerism) and move by means of hundreds of tiny, transparent, adhesive "tube feet". The symmetry is not obvious in the living animal, but is easily visible in the dried test. Echinodermate means "spiny skin" in Greek.
Specifically, the term "sea urchin" refers to the "regular echinoids", which are symmetrical and globular. The term includes several different taxonomic groups: the order Echinoida, the order Cidaroida or "slate-pencil urchins", which have very thick, blunt spines, and others. Besides sea urchins, the class Echinoidea also includes three groups of "irregular" echinoids: flattened sand dollars, sea biscuits, and heart urchins.
Together with sea cucumbers (Holothuroidea), they make up the subphylum Echinozoa, which is characterized by a globoid shape without arms or projecting rays. Sea cucumbers and the irregular echinoids have secondarily evolved diverse shapes. Although many sea cucumbers have branched tentacles surrounding the oral opening, these have originated from modified tube feet and are not homologous to the arms of the crinoids, sea stars, and brittle stars.
Urchins typically range in size from 6 to 12 cm (2.4 to 4.7 in), although the largest species can reach up to 36 cm (14 in).[2]
Fivefold symmetry[edit]
Like other echinoderms, sea urchins are bilaterans. Their early larvae have bilateral symmetry,[3] but they develop fivefold symmetry as they mature. This is most apparent in the "regular" sea urchins, which have roughly spherical bodies, with five equally sized parts radiating out from their central axes. Several sea urchins, however, including the sand dollars, are oval in shape, with distinct front and rear ends, giving them a degree of bilateral symmetry. In these urchins, the upper surface of the body is slightly domed, but the underside is flat, while the sides are devoid of tube feet. This "irregular" body form has evolved to allow the animals to burrow through sand or other soft materials.[2]
Organs and test[edit]
The lower half of a sea urchin's body is referred to as the oral surface, because it contains the mouth, while the upper half is the aboral surface. The internal organs are enclosed in a hard test or shell composed of fused plates of calcium carbonate covered by a thin dermis and epidermis. The test is rigid, and divides into five ambulacral grooves separated by five interambulacral areas. Each of these areas consists of two rows of plates, so the test includes 20 rows in total. The plates are covered in rounded tubercles, to which the spines are attached. The inner surface of the test is lined by peritoneum.[2]
Sea urchins have tube feet, which arise from the five ambulacral grooves. Tube feet are moved by a water vascular system. This water vascular system works through hydraulic pressure, allowing the Sea Urchin to pump water into and out of the tube feet, enabling it to locomote.
The mouth lies in the centre of the oral surface in regular urchins, or towards one end in irregular urchins. It is surrounded by lips of softer tissue, with numerous small, bony pieces embedded in it. This area, called the peristome, also includes five pairs of modified tube feet and, in many species, five pairs of gills. On the upper surface, opposite the mouth, is a region termed the periproct, which surrounds the anus. The periproct contains a variable number of hard plates, depending on species, one of which contains the madreporite.[2]
The sea urchin builds its spicules, the sharp crystalline "bones" that constitute the animal's endoskeleton, in the larval stage. The fully formed spicule is composed of a single crystal with an unusual morphology. It has no facets, and within 48 hours of fertilization assumes a shape that looks very much like the Mercedes-Benz logo.[4]
In other echinoderms, the endoskeleton is associated with a layer of muscle that allows the animal to move its arms or other body parts. This is entirely absent in sea urchins, which are unable to move in this way.
The spines, long and sharp in some species, protect the urchin from predators. They inflict a painful wound when they penetrate human skin, but are not dangerous if fully removed promptly, if left there may be further problems.[5] It is not clear if the spines are venomous (unlike the pedicellariae between the spines, which are venomous).[6]
Typical sea urchins have spines that are 1 to 3 cm (0.39 to 1.2 in) in length, 1 to 2 mm (0.039 to 0.079 in) thick, and not terribly sharp. Diadema antillarum, familiar in the Caribbean, has thin, potentially dangerous spines that can reach 10 to 30 cm (3.9 to 12 in) long.
Reproductive organs[edit]
Sea urchins are dioecious, having separate male and female sexes, although distinguishing the two is not easy, except for their locations on the sea bottom. Males generally choose an elevated and exposed location, so their milt can be broadcast by sea currents. Females generally choose a low-lying location in sea bottom crevices, presumably so the tiny larvae can have better protection from predators. Indeed, very small sea urchins are found hiding beneath rocks. Regular sea urchins have five gonads, lying underneath the interambulacral regions of the test, while the irregular forms have only four, with the hindmost gonad being absent. Each gonad has a single duct rising from the upper pole to open at a gonopore lying in one of the genital plates surrounding the anus. The gonads are lined with muscles underneath the peritoneum, and these allow the animal to squeeze its gametes through the duct and into the surrounding sea water where fertilization takes place.[2]
The mouth of most sea urchins is made up of five calcium carbonate teeth or jaws, with a fleshy, tongue-like structure within. The entire chewing organ was known as Aristotle's lantern (image), from Aristotle's description in his History of Animals:
- ...the urchin has what we mainly call its head and mouth down below, and a place for the issue of the residuum up above. The urchin has, also, five hollow teeth inside, and in the middle of these teeth a fleshy substance serving the office of a tongue. Next to this comes the esophagus, and then the stomach, divided into five parts, and filled with excretion, all the five parts uniting at the anal vent, where the shell is perforated for an outlet... In reality the mouth-apparatus of the urchin is continuous from one end to the other, but to outward appearance it is not so, but looks like a horn lantern with the panes of horn left out. (Tr. D'Arcy Thompson)
However, this has recently been proven to be a mistranslation. Aristotle's lantern is actually referring to the whole shape of sea urchins, which look like the ancient lamps of Aristotle's time.[7]
Recent research has shown the sea urchin's teeth are self-sharpening; it can chew through stone.[8]
Heart urchins are unusual in not having a lantern. Instead, the mouth is surrounded by cilia that pull strings of mucus-containing food particles towards a series of grooves around the mouth.[2]
The lantern, where present, surrounds both the mouth cavity and the pharynx. At the top of the lantern, the pharynx opens into the esophagus, which runs back down the outside of the lantern, to join the small intestine and a single caecum. The small intestine runs in a full circle around the inside of the test, before joining the large intestine, which completes another circuit in the opposite direction. From the large intestine, a rectum ascends towards the anus. Despite the names, the small and large intestines of sea urchins are in no way homologous to the similarly named structures in vertebrates.[2]
Digestion occurs in the intestine, with the caecum producing further digestive enzymes. An additional tube, called the siphon, runs beside much of the intestine, opening into it at both ends. It may be involved in resorption of water from food.[2]
Sea urchins possess both a water vascular system and a hemal system, the latter containing blood. However, the main circulatory fluid fills the general body cavity, or coelom. This fluid contains phagocytic coelomocytes, which move through the vascular and hemal systems. The coelomocytes are an essential part of blood clotting, but also collect waste products and actively remove them from the body through the gills and tube feet.[2]
Most sea urchins possess five pairs of external gills, located around the mouth. These thin-walled projections of the body cavity are the main organs of respiration in those urchins that possess them. Fluid can be pumped through the gills' interiors by muscles associated with the lantern, but this is not continuous, and occurs only when the animal is low on oxygen. Tube feet can also act as respiratory organs, and are the primary sites of gas exchange in heart urchins and sand dollars, both of which lack gills.[2]
Nervous system[edit]
The nervous system of sea urchins has a relatively simple layout. There is no true brain. The center is a large nerve ring encircling the mouth just inside the lantern. From the nerve ring, five nerves radiate underneath the radial canals of the water vascular system, and branch into numerous finer nerves to innervate the tube feet, spines, and pedicellariae.[2]
Sea urchins are sensitive to touch, light, and chemicals. Although they do not have eyes or eye spots, recent research suggests their entire body might function as one compound eye.[9] They also have statocysts, called spheridia, located within the ambulacral plates to help the animal remain upright.[2]
Ingression of primary mesenchyme cells[edit]
During early development, the sea urchin embryo undergoes 10 cycles of cell division, resulting in a single epithelial layer enveloping a blastocoel.[10] The embryo must then begin gastrulation, a multipart process which involves the dramatic rearrangement and invagination of cells to produce the three germ layers.
The first step of gastrulation is the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and ingression of primary mesenchyme cells into the blastocoel.[10] Primary mesenchyme cells, or PMCs, are located in the vegetal plate specified to become mesoderm.[11] Prior to ingression, PMCs exhibit all the features of other epithelial cells that comprise the embryo. Cells of the epithelium are bound basally to a laminal matrix and apically to an extraembryonic matrix.[11] The apical microvilli of these cells reach into the hyaline layer, a component of the extraembryonic matrix.[12] Neighboring epithelial cells are also connected to each other through apical junctions,[13] protein complexes containing adhesion molecules, such as cadherins, linked to catenins.
As PMCs begin to undergo an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, the lamina which binds them dissolves to begin the mechanical release of the cells.[12] Expression of the membrane protein that binds laminin, integrin, also becomes irregular at the beginning of ingression.[14] The microvilli which secure PMCs to the hyaline layer shorten,[15] as the cells reduce their affinity for the extraembryonic matrix.[16] These cells concurrently increase their affinity for other components of the basal matrix, such as fibronectin, in part driving the movement of cells inward.[16] The apical junctions which bind PMCs to their neighboring epithelial cells become disrupted during this transition, and are absent in cells that have fully ingressed into the blastocoel.[12] Because staining for cadherins and catenins in ingressing cells decreases and develops as intracellular accumulations, apical junctions are thought to be cleared by endocytosis during ingression.[17][18]
Once the PMCs disrupt all attachment to their former location, the cells themselves change their morphology by contracting their apical surfaces, apical constriction, and enlarging their basal surfaces, thus acquiring a "bottle cell" phenotype.[11] Cytoskeletal rearrangements mediate the shape changes of PMCs; though the cytoskeleton assists in the mechanics of ingression, other mechanisms drive the process. Experimentally disrupting microtubule dynamics in the species Strongylocentrotus pupuratus by applying colchicine stalls the ingression of PMCs, but does not inhibit it.[19] Similarly, experimentally disrupting actin-myosin contraction using inhibitors slows down ingression, but does not arrest the process.[20]
The morphogenetic movements of the PMCs are an autonomous cellular behavior. Experimentally grafting PMCs into heterotopic tissue does not prevent the cells from ingressing.[16] In studies where PMCs are cultured in insolation, the cells were observed to gain affinity for fibronectin and simultaneously lose affinity for extraembryonic matrix, independent of the embryonic environment.[16]
Life history[edit]
At first glance, sea urchins often appear sessile, i.e. incapable of moving. Sometimes, the most visible life sign is the spines, which attach to ball-and-socket joints and can point in any direction. In most urchins, touch elicits a prompt reaction from the spines, which converge toward the touch point. Sea urchins have no visible eyes, legs, or means of propulsion, but can move freely over hard surfaces using adhesive tube feet, working in conjunction with the spines.
In most cases, the female Sea Urchin's eggs float freely in the sea, but some species hold onto them with their spines, affording them a greater degree of protection. The fertilized egg, once met with the free floating sperm released by males, develops into a free-swimming blastula embryo in as little as 12 hours. Initially a simple ball of cells, the blastula soon transforms into a cone-shaped echinopluteus larva. In most species, this larva has 12 elongated arms. The arms are lined with bands of cilia that capture food particles and transport them to the mouth. In a few species, the blastula contains supplies of nutrient yolk and lacks arms, since it has no need to feed.[2]
It may take several months for the larva to complete its development, which begins with the formation of the test plates around the mouth and anus. Soon the larva sinks to the bottom and metamorphoses into adult form in as little as one hour. In some species, adults reach their maximum size in about five years.[2]
Sea urchins feed mainly on algae, but can also feed on sea cucumbers and a wide range of invertebrates, such as mussels, polychaetes, sponges, brittle stars and crinoids.[21] Population densities vary by habitat, with more dense populations being found in barren areas as compared to kelp stands.[22][23] Even in these barren areas, greatest densities are also found in shallow water. Populations are also generally found in deeper water if wave action is present.[23] Densities also decrease in winter when storms cause them to seek protection in cracks and around larger underwater structures.[23] The shingle urchin (Colobocentrotus atratus), which lives on exposed shorelines, is particularly resistant to wave action.[24]
Sea urchins are some of the favorite foods of sea otters and California sheephead, and are also the main source of nutrition for wolf eels. Left unchecked, urchins devastate their environments, creating what biologists call an urchin barren, devoid of macroalgae and associated fauna. Sea otters have re-entered British Columbia, dramatically improving coastal ecosystem health.[25]
Evolutionary history[edit]
The earliest echinoid fossils date to the upper part of the Ordovician period (circa 450 MYA), and the taxon has survived to the present as a successful and diverse group of organisms. Spines may be present in well-preserved specimens, but usually only the test remains. Isolated spines are common as fossils. Some echinoids (such as Tylocidaris clavigera, from the Cretaceous period's English Chalk Formation) had very heavy, club-shaped spines that would be difficult for an attacking predator to break through and make the echinoid awkward to handle. Such spines simplify walking on the soft sea floor.
Most of the fossil echinoids from the Paleozoic era are incomplete, consisting of isolated spines and small clusters of scattered plates from crushed individuals, mostly in Devonian and Carboniferous rocks. The shallow-water limestones from the Ordovician and Silurian periods of Estonia are famous for echinoids. Paleozoic echinoids probably inhabited relatively quiet waters. Because of their thin tests, they would certainly not have survived in the wave-battered coastal waters inhabited by many modern echinoids. During the upper part of the Carboniferous period, a marked decline in echinoid diversity occurred, and this trend continued to the Permian period. They neared extinction at the end of the Paleozoic era, with just six species known from the Permian period. Only two lineages survived this period's massive extinction and into the Triassic: the genus Miocidaris, which gave rise to modern cidaroida (pencil urchins), and the ancestor that gave rise to the euechinoids. By the upper part of the Triassic period, their numbers began to increase again. Cidaroids have changed very little since the Late Triassic and are today considered to be living fossils.
The euechinoids, on the other hand, diversified into new lineages throughout the Jurassic and into the Cretaceous periods, and from them emerged the first irregular echinoids (superorder Atelostomata) during the early Jurassic, and later the other superorder (Gnathostomata) of irregular urchins, which evolved independently. These superorders today represent 47% of all extant species of echinoids because of their adaptive breakthroughs, which allowed them to exploit habitats and food sources unavailable to regular echinoids. During the Mesozoic and Cenozoic eras, the echinoids flourished. Most echinoid fossils are often abundant in the restricted localities and formations where they occur. An example of this is Enallaster, which exists by the thousands in certain outcrops of limestone from the Cretaceous period in Texas. Many fossils of the Late Jurassic Plesiocidaris still have the spines attached.
Some echinoids, such as Micraster, which is found in the Cretaceous period Chalk Formation of England and France, serve as zone or index fossils. Because they evolved rapidly, they aid geologists in dating the surrounding rocks. However, most echinoids are not abundant enough and are of too limited range to serve as zone fossils.
In the Paleogene and Neogene periods (circa 66 to 1.8 mya), sand dollars (order Clypeasteroida) arose. Their distinctive, flattened tests and tiny spines were adapted to life on or under loose sand. They form the newest branch on the echinoid tree.
Relation to humans[edit]
In biology[edit]
Sea urchins are traditional model organisms in developmental biology. This use originated in the 1800s, when their embryonic development became easily viewed by microscopy. It was the transparency of the urchin's eggs that enabled them to be used to observe that sperm cells actually fertilize ova.[26]
The recent sequencing of the sea urchin genome established homology between sea urchin and vertebrate immune system-related genes. Sea urchins code for at least 222 toll-like receptor genes and over 200 genes related to the nod-like-receptor family found in vertebrates.[27] This increases its usefulness as a valuable model organism for studying the evolution of innate immunity.
As food[edit]
The gonads of both male and female sea urchins, usually called sea urchin roe or corals,[28] are culinary delicacies in many parts of the world.[29][30]
In cuisines around the Mediterranean, Paracentrotus lividus is often eaten raw, with lemon.,[31] and known as ricci on Italian menus where it is sometimes used in pasta sauces. It can also flavour omelettes, scrambled eggs, fish soup,[32] mayonnaise, béchamel sauce for tartlets,[33] the boullie for a soufflé,[34] or Hollandaise sauce to make a fish sauce.[35] In Chilean cuisine, it is served raw with lemon, onions, and olive oil.
Though the edible Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis is found in the North Atlantic, it is not widely eaten. However, sea urchins (called uutuk in Alutiiq) are commonly eaten by the Alaska Native population around Kodiak Island. It is commonly exported, mostly to Japan.[36]
In the West Indies, slate pencil urchins are eaten.[37]
On the Pacific Coast of North America, Strongylocentrotus franciscanus was praised by Euell Gibbons; Strongylocentrotus purpuratus is also eaten.
In New Zealand, Evechinus chloroticus, known as kina in Maori, is a delicacy, traditionally eaten raw. Though New Zealand fishermen would like to export them to Japan, their quality is too variable.[38]
In Japan, sea urchin is known as uni (うに ), and its roe can retail for as much as A$450/kg;[39] it is served raw as sashimi or in sushi, with soy sauce and wasabi. Japan imports large quantities from the United States, South Korea, and other producers. Japanese demand for sea urchin corals has raised concerns about overfishing.[40]
Native Americans in California are also known to eat sea urchins.[41]
Some species of sea urchins, such as the slate pencil urchin (Eucidaris tribuloides), are commonly sold in aquarium stores. Some species are effective at controlling hair algae, and they make good additions to an invertebrate tank.
See also[edit]
Black urchin
(Arbacia lixula). -
White urchin
(Tripneustes ventricosus). -
Savigny's diadem urchin
(Diadema savignyi). -
Red urchin
(Astropyga radiata). -
Fire urchin
(Asthenosoma varium). -
Flower urchin
(Toxopneustes pileolus). -
Giant red urchin
(Strongylocentrotus franciscanus). -
Pencil urchin
(Heterocentrotus mammillatus). -
Stick urchin
(Phyllacanthus imperialis). -
Slate pencil urchin
(Eucidaris tribuloides). -
Shingle urchin
(Colobocentrotus atratus). -
Heart urchin
(Spatangus purpureus). -
Sand dollar
(Mellita longifissa).
Two purple urchins found in the tide pools of Cape Arago, Oregon, USA
Group of black, long-spined Caribbean sea urchins, Diadema antillarum (Philippi)
Sea urchin roe
Two Heterocentrotus trigonarius specimens on a Hawaiian reef
Chilean sea urchins are for sale in Feria fluvial, Valdivia. Three sea urchins are sold for 1000 Chilean pesos.
Three dead specimens of Sterechinus neumayeri
The delicate "eggs" of Sardinian Paracentrotus lividus sold for 3 euros per dozen in Alghero.
Sea urchins in Tangalle
Diadema antillarum at Snapper Ledge reef, Florida Keys (March 2008)
Mediterranean sea urchin fishing in Sardinia
Fossil sea urchin Hemipneustes leymeriei Muséum de Toulouse
Gnathichnus pentax echinoid trace fossil made by the Aristotle's Lantern on an oyster from the Cenomanian of southern Israel.
Typical fragmentary preservation of fossil echinoids; Archaeocidaris plates and spines from the Bird Spring Formation (Carboniferous), southern Nevada.
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- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Barnes, Robert D. (1982). Invertebrate Zoology. Philadelphia, PA: Holt-Saunders International. pp. 961–981. ISBN 0-03-056747-5.
- ^ Stachan and Read, Human Molecular Genetics, p. 381: "What Makes Us Human"
- ^ Balakirev, E. S.; Pavlyuchkov, V. A.; Ayala, F. J. (2008). "DNA variation and symbiotic associations in phenotypically diverse sea urchin Strongylocentrotus intermedius". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 105 (42): 16218. Bibcode:2008PNAS..10516218B. doi:10.1073/pnas.0807860105. Lay summary – University of Wisconsin-Madison (October 27, 2008).
- ^ New England Journal of Medicine 30. 2012. doi:10.1056/NEJMc1209382 http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMc1209382
missing title (help). - ^ Slaughter, RJ; Beasley, DM; Lambie, BS; Schep, LJ (2009). "New Zealand's venomous creatures". The New Zealand medical journal 122 (1290): 83–97. PMID 19319171.
- ^ Voultsiadou, Eleni; Chintiroglou, Chariton (2008). "Aristotle's lantern in echinoderms: an ancient riddle". Cahiers de Biologie Marine (Station Biologique de Roscoff) 49 (3): 299–302.
- ^ Link text, National Geographic: "Rock-Chewing Sea Urchins Have Self-Sharpening Teeth."
- ^ Knight, K. (2009). "Sea Urchins Use Whole Body As Eye". Journal of Experimental Biology 213 (2): i. doi:10.1242/jeb.041715. Lay summary – LiveScience (December 28, 2009).
- ^ a b Kominami, Tetsuya; Takata, Hiromi (2004). "Gastrulation in the sea urchin embryo: a model system for analyzing the morphogenesis of a monolayered epithelium". Development, growth & differentiation 46 (4): 309–26. doi:10.1111/j.1440-169x.2004.00755.x.
- ^ a b c Shook, D; Keller, R (2003). "Mechanisms, mechanics and function of epithelial-mesenchymal transitions in early development". Mechanisms of development 120 (11): 1351–83. doi:10.1016/j.mod.2003.06.005. PMID 14623443.
- ^ a b c Katow, Hideki; Solursh, Michael (1980). "Ultrastructure of primary mesenchyme cell ingression in the sea urchinLytechinus pictus". Journal of Experimental Zoology 213 (2): 231. doi:10.1002/jez.1402130211.
- ^ Balinsky, BI (1959). "An electro microscopic investigation of the mechanisms of adhesion of the cells in a sea urchin blastula and gastrula". Experimental cell research 16 (2): 429–33. doi:10.1016/0014-4827(59)90275-7. PMID 13653007.
- ^ Hertzler, PL; McClay, DR (1999). "alphaSU2, an epithelial integrin that binds laminin in the sea urchin embryo". Developmental biology 207 (1): 1–13. doi:10.1006/dbio.1998.9165. PMID 10049560.
- ^ Fink, RD; McClay, DR (1985). "Three cell recognition changes accompany the ingression of sea urchin primary mesenchyme cells". Developmental biology 107 (1): 66–74. doi:10.1016/0012-1606(85)90376-8. PMID 2578117.
- ^ a b c d Burdsal, CA; Alliegro, MC; McClay, DR (1991). "Tissue-specific, temporal changes in cell adhesion to echinonectin in the sea urchin embryo". Developmental biology 144 (2): 327–34. doi:10.1016/0012-1606(91)90425-3. PMID 1707016.
- ^ Miller, JR; McClay, DR (1997). "Characterization of the Role of Cadherin in Regulating Cell Adhesion during Sea Urchin Development". Developmental Biology 192 (2): 323. doi:10.1006/dbio.1997.8740. PMID 9441671.
- ^ Miller, JR; McClay, DR (1997). "Changes in the pattern of adherens junction-associated beta-catenin accompany morphogenesis in the sea urchin embryo". Developmental biology 192 (2): 310–22. doi:10.1006/dbio.1997.8739. PMID 9441670.
- ^ Anstrom, JA (1989). "Sea urchin primary mesenchyme cells: ingression occurs independent of microtubules". Developmental biology 131 (1): 269–75. doi:10.1016/S0012-1606(89)80058-2. PMID 2562830.
- ^ Anstrom, JA (1992). "Microfilaments, cell shape changes, and the formation of primary mesenchyme in sea urchin embryos". The Journal of experimental zoology 264 (3): 312–22. doi:10.1002/jez.1402640310. PMID 1358997.
- ^ Baumiller, Tomasz K. (2008). "Crinoid Ecological Morphology". Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences 36: 221–49. Bibcode:2008AREPS..36..221B. doi:10.1146/annurev.earth.36.031207.124116.
- ^ Mattison, JE; Trent, JD; Shanks, AL; Akin, TB; Pearse, JS (1977). "Movement and feeding activity of red sea urchins (Strongylocentrotus franciscanus) adjacent to a kelp forest". Marine Biology 39 (1): 25–30. doi:10.1007/BF00395589.
- ^ a b c Konar, Brenda (2000). "Habitat influences on sea urchin populations". In: Hallock and French (eds). Diving for Science...2000. Proceedings of the 20th Annual Scientific Diving Symposium (American Academy of Underwater Sciences). Retrieved 2011-01-07.
- ^ The Echinoblog
- ^ "Aquatic Species at Risk - Species Profile - Sea Otter". Fisheries and Oceans Canada. Archived from the original on January 23, 2008. Retrieved November 29, 2007.
- ^ "Insight from the Sea Urchin". Microscope Imaging Station. Exploratorium. Retrieved 2013-02-04.
- ^ Rast, JP; Smith, LC; Loza-Coll, M; Hibino, T; Litman, GW (2006). "Genomic Insights into the Immune System of the Sea Urchin". Science 314 (5801): 952–6. Bibcode:2006Sci...314..952R. doi:10.1126/science.1134301. PMID 17095692.
- ^ Laura Rogers-Bennett, "The Ecology of Strongylocentrotus franciscanus and Strongylocentrotus purpuratus" in John M. Lawrence, Edible sea urchins: biology and ecology, p. 410
- ^ Alan Davidson, Oxford Companion to Food, s.v. sea urchin
- ^ John M. Lawrence, "Sea Urchin Roe Cuisine" in John M. Lawrence, Edible sea urchins: biology and ecology
- ^ for Puglia, Italy: Touring Club Italiano, Guida all'Italia gastronomica, 1984, p. 314; for Alexandria, Egypt: Claudia Roden, A Book of Middle Eastern Food, p. 183
- ^ Alan Davidson, Mediterranean Seafood, p. 270
- ^ Larousse Gastronomique[page needed]
- ^ Curnonsky, Cuisine et vins de France, nouvelle édition, 1974, p. 248
- ^ Davidson, p. 280
- ^ Kleiman, Dena (October 3, 1990). "Scorned at Home, Maine Sea Urchin Is a Star in Japan". New York Times. p. C1.
- ^ Davidson, Oxford Companion[page needed]
- ^ Wassilieff, Maggy (March 2, 2009). "sea urchins". Te Ara Encyclopedia of New Zealand.
- ^ Macey, Richard (November 9, 2004). "The little urchins that can command a princely price". The Sydney Morning Herald.
- ^ "Sea Urchin Fishery and Overfishing", TED Case Studies 296, American University full text
- ^ http://books.google.com/books?id=OFKLk3S0fzgC&pg=PA268&dq=%22sea+urchins%22+%22Native+americans%22&hl=en&sa=X&ei=AYs6UfScN6jE0QGKg4Fw&ved=0CC0Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=%22sea%20urchins%22%20%22Native%20americans%22&f=false
- Smith, Andrew B. (1984), Echinoid Palaeobiology (Special topics in palaeontology). London: Allen & Unwin. ISBN 0-04-563001-1
- Schultz, Heinke. (2005), Sea-Urchins, a guide to worldwide shallow water species . hpsp scientific publications, Germany. ISBN 3-9809868-1-0
- Animal Diversity Web Classification of the Echinoidea
- Ocean Alliance giving advice on sea urchin cleaning
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Sea urchin. |
Wikispecies has information related to: Echinoidea |
- Plankton Chronicles Short documentary films & photos
- The sea urchin genome project
- Sea Urchin Harvesters Association - California Also, (604) 524-0322.
- The Echinoid Directory from the Natural History Museum.
- Echinoids of the North Sea
- Spiny creature's genome insight
- Echinoids.nl
- lantern.jpg A labeled diagram of the sea urchin's Aristotle's lantern.
- aristotle.htm Who is this person Aristotle and what about this lantern?
- www.emilydamstra.com Illustration of the musculature of an Aristotle's lantern.
- Urchin Anatomy a flash about the anatomy of the sea urchin
- www.sea-urchins.com An article about sea-urchin parasites.
- Further research on sea urchins
- Photographic Database of Cambodian Sea Urchins
- California Sea Urchin commission
- Introduction to the Echinoidea
- 70% of Sea Urchin Genes Have a Human Counterpart—Sequencing confirms that sea urchins are more closely related to humans than fruit flies (LiveScience.com, November 2006).


text:
Doctorbass wrote:bump
The Mighty Volt wrote:Remind the son who the father is.
The Mighty Volt wrote:If that doesn't work, tell him he is doing it for us
The Mighty Volt wrote:The 24 Fet is huge. 36 Fet must be an animal.
grindz145 wrote:Man, the heatsink on the 36 Fet controllers are just BEGGING for water cooling.
ZOMGVTEK wrote:Where do I get one of those 36 FET controllers?
It looks like something I need.
John in CR wrote:China
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text:
Biaya penambahan orang dalam kamar mungkin berlaku dan berbeda-beda menurut kebijakan hotel.
Sewaktu check-in diperlukan tanda pengenal dengan foto yang resmi dikeluarkan oleh pemerintah dan kartu kredit atau deposit tunai untuk menutup biaya tak terduga.
Pemenuhan permintaan khusus bergantung pada ketersediaan sewaktu check-in dan mungkin menimbulkan biaya tambahan. Permintaan khusus tidak dijamin akan terpenuhi.
Properti Hijau/Ramah Lingkungan- Disertifikasi oleh Pihak Kedua
Properti ini berpartisipasi dalam Energy Star For Hospitality, program sertifikasi pihak kedua. Sertifikasi pihak kedua mengukur dampak properti terhadap satu atau beberapa hal berikut: lingkungan, masyarakat, warisan budaya, dan perekonomian setempat. Penilaian praktik pariwisata ramah lingkungan suatu perusahaan telah dilakukan pada properti ini oleh penilai atau auditor yang tidak independen dari program sertifikasi pihak kedua.
Fasilitas rekreasi lainnya di hotel mencakup pusat kebugaran 24 jam dan kolam renang musiman.
Aktivitas rekreasi yang tercantum di bawah tersedia di properti atau di sekitarnya; mungkin dikenakan biaya.
Biaya dan deposit berikut mungkin ditagihkan oleh properti saat memberikan layanan, check-in, atau check-out.
Daftar di atas mungkin tidak lengkap. Biaya dan deposit mungkin belum mencakup pajak dan dapat berubah tanpa pemberitahuan sebelumnya.
Biaya penambahan orang dalam kamar mungkin berlaku dan berbeda-beda menurut kebijakan hotel.
Sewaktu check-in diperlukan tanda pengenal dengan foto yang resmi dikeluarkan oleh pemerintah dan kartu kredit atau deposit tunai untuk menutup biaya tak terduga.
Pemenuhan permintaan khusus bergantung pada ketersediaan sewaktu check-in dan mungkin menimbulkan biaya tambahan. Permintaan khusus tidak dijamin akan terpenuhi.
"Three Day Stay in November"
The staff were friendly and helpful. However, the room had issues. The mattress was very bad and sagging in places. The TV remote was not easy to use and some nights different channels did not work. But the room was very clean.Ulasan otentik tamu Hotels.com
"Close to Mall"
Very convenient and clean.Ulasan otentik tamu Hotels.com
"close to everything"
Quiet pleasant. daytime check-in clerk didn't understand the free sign-in to internet system, so we couldn't sign in until evening. He said he would send someone up but "forgot". The evening clerk gave out the available internet slip and explained it. Bed too soft. Rest was excellent.Ulasan otentik tamu Hotels.com
"Just your average hotel"
There was nothing spectacular about the hotel. The service was friendly and the rooms were clean. I had two rooms and only one had a refrigerator. Loved that each room had a balcony/patio. Service in the cafe was slow the first night and only ok. The croissant was stale but the chicken salad was really good. If I had to stay on that side of town again […] I'd stay there. Baca selengkapnyaUlasan otentik tamu Hotels.com
Very accommodating.Ulasan otentik tamu Hotels.com
"South Park Gem"
Great hotel, friendly and knwledgeable staff. Terrific room in the heart of South Park.Ulasan otentik tamu Hotels.com
"Great Hotel"
Great hotel. Large spacious rooms, very clean and quite.Ulasan otentik tamu Hotels.com
"Great area clean refreshing comfortable homie stay"
I loved my stay here room is clean comfortable beds nice television also a little balcony gave great morning light. Now offering they have Starbucks and little dinner menu buffalo wings were great"! Staff very professional happy and kind gave my son cookies and lots of compliments . You can also walk to a panera bread which I love. The mall is right […] down the street!! Baca selengkapnyaUlasan otentik tamu Hotels.com
"Nice part of town"
I was very happy with my room. It was clean ,quite and comfortable. Was in a good neighborhood. Always had a parking spot close to entry door. The Starbuucks in the lobby was a plus for me. Great rate. If there was one thing I could have changed it would be the ability to make room very cold at night. Room was comfortable but I like my room real cold […] at night. Thermostat would not go any cooler.Plenty of nice places to eat and see near hotel. Would stay here again. Baca selengkapnyaUlasan otentik tamu Hotels.com
The room as well as the interior of the hotel was clean and pleasant. The staff was very helpful and went out of their way to ensure we had everything we needed. The hotel is conveniently located close to the mall and many nice places to eat. The parking lot and grounds did not seem as well maintained as the rest of the property. Overall, we had a very […] good experience and would not hesitate to return to this location. Baca selengkapnyaUlasan otentik tamu Hotels.com
"Great Place to stay"
Excellent pricing and amenities.Ulasan otentik tamu Hotels.com
"Charlotte Courtyard Marriott hotel"
The hotel was very nice and very conveniently located near excellent shopping.Ulasan otentik tamu Expedia
"very impressed"
When we arrived the staff was very friendly and had arranged for us to have a extra room at no charge since what I booked wasn't available. Our room was very nice and comfortable. I plan on staying there again if ever in that area.Ulasan otentik tamu Expedia
"Love this hotel"
The rooms were very clean and quiet. Great place if you want to take the family or just to get away. Front desk was extremely helpful with check in. We will definitely put them at the top of the list for one of our favorites.Ulasan otentik tamu Hotels.com
"Awesome value"
This is a great price for an awesome hotel. Would recommend.Ulasan otentik tamu Hotels.com
We were in Charlotte for a family event and found the courtyard to be very easy to find our destinations from.. The convenience to restaurants and shopping made this a great experience. We will defiantly stay again.Ulasan otentik tamu Expedia
"Excellent Stay"
For me the most important thing is cleanliness, and the room was very clean and nice. Bed was comfortable and most importantly no noise coming from other rooms. Its very close to everything especially south park mall, so over all it was an excellent stay.Ulasan otentik tamu Expedia
"Great location, quiet neighborhood"
I enjoyed my stay, and will sure enough book this hotel again. It was close to a lot of shopping, the hotel staff were very courteous, and professional, and I commend their hospitality. I would recommend this hotel to anyone.Ulasan otentik tamu Hotels.com
"Beds were clean and comfy! Nice room!"
Friendly staff. Great accomodations. Clean and comfy beds. Nice bistro cafe with drinks, coffee and food.Ulasan otentik tamu Expedia
"In heart of Southpark - feels like luxury for less"
The room was perfectly clean, no surprises, everything exceeded expectations. Hotel is near Southpark mall in one of the nicest parts of Charlotte. It feels like you are staying in a higher end hotel than the price you are paying, partially due to surroundings. Rate was very good. Bed was comfy. Parking was convenient. Didn't try the cafe, but it looked […] good and was a nice feature if we needed it. If I had to gripe about something its that there was no mini-fridge to store my dinner leftovers, but no biggie since I wasn't really expecting it to be there. Baca selengkapnyaUlasan otentik tamu Hotels.com
Everything was great except the breakfast with the stay was a jokeUlasan otentik tamu Hotels.com
"Solid hotel near Southpark Mall. Great food nearby"
One night stay...easy to find and close to everything. Room was clean and flat screen TV. Only negative were the pillows....I prefer foam. Great room for the price. Staff was very helpful and nice.Ulasan otentik tamu Expedia
"Very Nice Hotel, clean everybody nice, real nice."
We only had 1 night's stay but is was worth the 2 hour drive we had.Ulasan otentik tamu Expedia
"Very nice and the staff was very helpful"
I only was there one night, but it was nice, and very accommodating and I would definitely go back.Ulasan otentik tamu Expedia
You're basically paying for the location. Hotel does not have much of a street presence. Nice pool. Room was large but average decor.Ulasan otentik tamu Expedia
"Great central location"
Clean, comfortable, spacious room. Food was good but we had to wait a really long time for sandwiches later in the evening. Breakfast choices were very good. Staff was super friendly and helpful.Ulasan otentik tamu Hotels.com
Beautiful. Clean. Great location. Comfortable bed!Ulasan otentik tamu Hotels.com
"Lovely accomodations at a fantastic rate!"
We weren't there for the best of reasons, we were attending a funeral. This hotel was conveniently located near where we needed to be, and after an 11 hour road trip, the friendliness of the staff and the comfort and cleanliness of our room was soooo appreciated! The bed must have been one of those foam types and, it felt so good - I slept wonderfully. […] I'm hoping one day to return, under different circumstances...thank you for such a comfortable stay at a great expedia rate!!! Baca selengkapnyaUlasan otentik tamu Expedia
it was ok, only one night.Ulasan otentik tamu Hotels.com
"Has it all"
Very nice hotel, located in a nice area of town. Close to shopping and restaurants. Great pool too!Ulasan otentik tamu Hotels.com
"great for a short-term stay"
The rooms were nice and cozy. It was perfect for a two night stayUlasan otentik tamu Hotels.com
"Great Stay"
This hotel was conveniently located and the staff were very friendly and helpful. We also enjoyed our free room upgrade!Ulasan otentik tamu Hotels.com
room was very simply furnished..not at all what i have come to expect from marriott. I felt the price was expensive for the room accomadations.The breakfast was extremely limited. You had basicly 2 choices for the included breakfast. You could either have cereal or choice of maybe 3 different sandwiches with either coffee or juice.Extremely disappointed […] with the breakfast format !I would not choose this hotel on my next visit to Charlotte. Baca selengkapnyaUlasan otentik tamu Hotels.com
Execellent!!!Ulasan otentik tamu Hotels.com
"Very convenient"
Nice hotel - very convenient for our purposes. Staff was very nice! Just wish they had better selection in their "market" for those of us who forget little things. The hot breakfast was excellent - both in taste and value!Ulasan otentik tamu Expedia
Very satisfied! During the night I developed an allergic reaction to an antibiotic, and a kind gentleman at the front desk drew me a map to the nearest drug store to get some benedryl. I really appreciated that!Ulasan otentik tamu Hotels.com
"Thumbs Up!"
We like this hotel, a really nice, clean and comfortable stay. Breakfast was a hearty one! Will booked here again when we are in this area. The price was really attractive as well, with the discount that was offered on this day of booking.Ulasan otentik tamu Hotels.com
"Good Hotel Near Mall"
Nice hotel close to South Park Mall and easy access to interstate 77. Many good dining options nearby. Lobby was nice with fireplace and good cafe. Rooms clean, appear to have been updated recently. Bathroom small but adequate. Free wifi and parking a plus.Ulasan otentik tamu Expedia
"Immaculate, no frills."
Immaculate....looked brand new!!! Only disappointed w spa tub...not operating :-(Ulasan otentik tamu Expedia
"Comfortable, pretty and clean"
I stayed here for one night during bad weather as my normal commute home from work is an hour north of the South Park area. Initially, it took several minutes for anyone at the desk to greet me, but after that point the service was very friendly. The lobby area is very nicely decorated and the little bistro is very convenient. A very nice atmosphere […] to the lobby overall. The room was very clean and the bed was luxuriously comfortable. The lighting and interior decor were soft and warm. Baca selengkapnyaUlasan otentik tamu Hotels.com
"Great hotel in a good location"
Hotel was clean and very well decorated. Staff was friendly and helpful. Only problem was the evevator broke and was down for 2 days; maybe longer. We will definetly stay there again.Ulasan otentik tamu Expedia
"Lovely area, easy access to shopping and airport"
We were greeted in a friendly manner, by a knowledgeable clerk. She made us welcome, shared information about the amenities, gave us a lovely room with quick access to the elevator close to our parking and view of the courtyard and made our stay comfortable. The sleeping accomodations were sooo comfy... :-) Fully recommend this hotel.... Thanks Small […] restaurant in main area for breakfast and dinner, (also a machine for snacks for off hours) plus computer area for those who need it, with printers set up to print e-tickets and check airlines. Wifii in the rooms Baca selengkapnyaUlasan otentik tamu Hotels.com
"Hotel review"
The room didn't have a clean smell. It seemed to have an odor. I was going to change rooms, but was only staying one night.Ulasan otentik tamu Expedia
"Close to mall and food venues"
Very satisfied the service from the hole staffing everyone was helpful with any information i ask about and got it with a smile. Grate job!Ulasan otentik tamu Hotels.com
I was really happy with the reservation, the closeness to what my trip was for, condition of the room. This was the first time I have stayed at any hotel where I did not have to adjust the temperature, ask for anything. There is only one problem though, you have to use you hotel key to get in the side and back doors and they don't always work on these […] doors but they work opening your room door. Baca selengkapnyaUlasan otentik tamu Hotels.com
"Great South Park Location"
An older hotel with some updating, the Marriott Courtyard in South Park is in a perfect location for fine dining options and fabulous, high-end shopping. It was very quiet despite an almost full parking lot. Room could use a small refrigerator. Bath linens (towels) were very thin. Work desk a bit off balance. TV reception was not good our first night, […] but was fine the second night after reporting to front desk. Staff were attentive and helpful. Breakfast was great but not included with the room, but we got the best rate for the neighborhood. Baca selengkapnyaUlasan otentik tamu Hotels.com
"good location"
Very nice room. Staff was helpful.Ulasan otentik tamu Hotels.com
"Courtyard - South Park Charlotte"
Really - first class all round!!Ulasan otentik tamu Hotels.com
"Could do better for that price"
I chose this hotel because I read that South Park is one of the better/nicer neighborhoods of Charlotte. I used one of my "free nights" plus some extra pay for it. If I had paid the full price I would have been disappointed. On my way home we stayed at the Airport Comfort Inn and Suites and received much better value for dollar. To get me right, there […] was nothing to complain about in the hotel, but it was about twice the price as the comfort inn a week later, and we liked it better there. Baca selengkapnyaUlasan otentik tamu Hotels.com
"Don't pay for the "Stay for Breakfast" rate"
Our first room we were given had a bad smell. We were moved to another room which was better. We paid for the stay for breakfast rate. We expected more than "fast & fresh" food. Expedia says its a "full breakfast" but that's not true. They do not have a night manager so if you have any problems you will have to wait until the day manager comes in.We […] were not happy about that and worried about how someone who seemed young and had NO clue how to handle small problems would respond to a true emergency if one should arise. We were not impressed with the night clerk. She had NO clue how to deal with our issue and only said she would let the day manager know. I asked to be called by the manager as soon as she came into work but never was called. I finally called the desk around 9am and Ashley (the manager ) said sorry I was dealing with other guests. She did however let us choose different breakfast options which set them back I think 70 cents. The hotel is a little dated. The BIstro was open until 10pm which was nice. We did like the location which is close to the Southpark Mall and Charlotte Airport. Too many sport teams there at the hotel. There was a group of girls on a soccer team and a group of boys who also seemed to be on a sports team. This hotel really wasn't what we had hoped for. We wanted to have a nice relaxing evening and a made to order breakfast with a waitress/waiter coming to our table to take our order and serve us before we flew back home. Baca selengkapnyaUlasan otentik tamu Expedia
Ulasan dan peringkat yang ada di situs ini merupakan pendapat pribadi dari pelanggan dan suplier yang bersangkutan; ulasan tersebut tidak mencerminkan posisi Hotels.com. Baik Hotels.com maupun pihak yang terlibat untuk pengadaaan konten ulasan tidak dapat dimintai pertanggungjawaban untuk kerugian dalam bentuk apa pun yang disebabkan dari penggunaan ulasan ini


text:
Oaksey Park, Oaksey, Malmesbury, Wiltshire SN16 - 3 bed - £319,000 - R A Bennett & Partners - Cirencester
Get involved! Send photos, video, news & views. Text WILTS GAZETTE to 80360 or email us
Property details
Oaksey Park, Oaksey, Malmesbury, Wiltshire SN16 £319,000
Marketed by:
R A Bennett & Partners - Cirencester
Phone the agent:
01285 688 030
Send me homes like this by email daily / weekly
Property details
Bedrooms: 3
***rural setting***Oaksey Park has the feel of a modern Barn conversion with walls of glass to let in the surrounding countryside of Oaksey Park Golf Club's picturesque, rolling fairways. The property boasts a luxury 28ft fully fitted kitchen, with floor to ceiling glass doors opening out onto the garden. The downstairs is open plan has a study area and fourth bedroom/family room and large shower/utility room. A galleried landing upstairs leads to a family bathroom and three double bedrooms, one with separate dressing room and en-suite bathroom.The property was designed to tread lightly on its rural environment, winning an excellent rating from the Building Research Establishment which created the EcoHomes schemes. The property comes complete with a leisure package, including membership to a local gym and the golf course. The nature reserves and the lakes of the Cotswold Water Park are only a short drive away, as are the two nearby towns of Malmesbury and Cirencester.Agents Note : This is a Holiday Home and is subject to usual restrictions. Please call for more details.• 3 Bedrooms • Shower Room/Cloakroom • Sitting Room • Kitchen/Dining Room •• Dressing Room to Master • En-Suite Bathroom to Master • Family Bathroom • Playroom/Dining Room • Carport with Storage•Entrance Hall20' x 12'6" (6.1m x 3.8m). Double storage, radiator, stairs to first floor, Oak flooringShower Room10'5" x 7'5" (3.18m x 2.26m). Double glazed wooden framed windows to front, shower cubicle, WC, wash hand basin, towel rail and ceramic flooringStudy/Playroom9'8" x 8'5" (2.95m x 2.57m). Double glazed wood framed window to side, radiator, storage cupboard and Oak flooringSitting Room20' x 16'2" (6.1m x 4.93m). Double sliding doors onto patio and communal gardens, double glazed wooden framed window to side and double doors onto garden, two radiators, inset wood burner and Oak flooringKitchen Dining Room28'2" x 12'6" (8.59m x 3.8m). Sliding doors onto rear garden, Velux roof windows. Fitted floor and wall mounted units with worksurface over, fitted breakfast bar with cupboards under. Integral dishwasher, built in gas stove with extractor over, integral microwave, integral fridge and freezer, stainless steel sink unit with single drainer and mixer taps, two radiators and Oak flooringLanding Velux windows, radiator, storage cupboard, loft accessMaster Bedroom12'3" x 11'7" (3.73m x 3.53m). Two Velux windows to rear, radiators, door to:Dressing Room8' x 5'5" (2.44m x 1.65m). Space for wardrobes, door to:Ensuite Bathroom Velux roof window, bath with shower over, WC, vanity unit with wash hand basin, heated towel rail, ceramic tiled flooringBedroom Two12'3" x 11'3" (3.73m x 3.43m). Double glazed wooden framed window to side, Velux window, radiator, door to family bathroomBedroom Three12'3" x 8'5" (3.73m x 2.57m). Velux window, radiatorBathroom Velux window, wall mounted wash basin, bath with shower over, enclosed coupled WCOutside Patio and pathway to communal garden and carport with parking for two vehicles and overhead storage. The rear and side gardens are mainly laid to lawn and bounded by Cotswold stone wallingNb This property can only be occupied for 11 months of the year.
Local information for this property
Abbey Meads Community Primary School
Ampney Crucis Church of England Primary School
Ann Edwards Church of England Primary School
Ashton Keynes Church of England Primary School
Avening Primary School
Bisley Blue Coat Church of England Primary School
Bridlewood Primary School
Brimble Hill Special School
Brimscombe Church of England (VA) Primary School
Brinkworth Earl Danby's Church of England Primary
Brook Field Primary School
Bussage Church of England Primary School
Catherine Wayte Primary School
Chalford Hill Primary School
Chesterton Primary School
Christ Church Church of England Primary School
Christian Malford CofE Primary School
Cirencester Primary School
Crudwell CofE Primary School
Down Ampney Church of England Primary School
Eastcombe Primary School
Haydon Wick Primary School
Haydonleigh Primary School
Hullavington CofE Primary School
Kemble Primary School
Lea and Garsdon Church of England Primary School
Longleaze Primary School
Lydiard Millicent Church of England Primary School
Lyneham Primary School
Malmesbury Church of England Primary School
Meysey Hampton Church of England Primary School
Millbrook Primary School
Minchinhampton School
Minety Church of England Primary School
Miserden Church of England Primary School
Moredon Primary School
Noremarsh Community Junior School
North Cerney Church of England Primary School
Oakhurst Community Primary School
Oakridge Parochial School
Oaksey CofE Primary School
Oliver Tomkins Church of England Junior School
Orchid Vale Primary School
Paternoster School
Peatmoor Community Primary School
Powell's Church of England Primary School
Red Oaks Primary School
Rodbourne Cheney Primary School
Rodmarton School
Sapperton Church of England Primary School
Seagry Church of England Primary School
Shaw Ridge Primary School
Siddington Church of England Primary School
Somerfords' Walter Powell VA CofE Primary School
St Bartholomew's Church of England Primary School, Wootton Bassett
St Francis CofE Primary School
St Joseph's Catholic Primary School, Malmesbury
St Mary's Church of England Primary School, Purton
St Mary's Church of England VA Primary School
St Sampson's Church of England Junior School
Stratton Church of England Primary School
Tregoze Primary School
Watermoor Church of England Primary School
Westlea Primary School
Compare all 64
Bradon Forest School
Cirencester Deer Park School
Cirencester Kingshill School
Cotswold Chine School
Isambard Community School
Lydiard Park Academy
Malmesbury School
Nova Hreod
Paternoster School
Rendcomb College
Royal Wootton Bassett Academy
Sir William Romney's School
Thomas Keble School
Uplands School
Westonbirt School
Compare all 15
8 Tythe Barn Cottage Lowfield Farm Jun 11 2013 £98,000
Threshing Barn 4 Court Farm Mar 20 2013 £586,000
Oakwood House Aug 22 2012 £500,000
See all 19
Average sold prices for
Type | Sales | Sold Price |
Flat/Maisonette | 1 | £35,000 |
Terraced | 3 | £192,667 |
Semi-detached | 3 | £484,500 |
Detached | 12 | £677,083 |
All | 19 | £536,395 |
Contact the agent
Local information for this property
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Kim Hasty
Coach Bill Boyette feels certain that sometime tonight he will look down his Terry Sanford High School bench and point to junior point guard Andrew Henrickson.
Thanksgiving? When Andrew Henrickson checks into that basketball game against Union Pines, Mary and Sam Henrickson will be feeling the true spirit of the holiday a little early.
"I know,'' Mary Henrickson said, "God gave us a miracle.''
That Saturday morning two months ago was like so many others in recent years for Mary and Sam Henrickson.
A car full of kids. Running behind.
A game that was due to start in a matter of minutes. Two of the team's big hitters scrambling into their uniforms.
A stop sign.
A collision.
The Henricksons' SUV collided with another car on the campus of Pitt Community College in Greenville. When their car finally came to a stop, they checked to make sure everyone was OK.
That's when they realized 16-year-old Andrew was no longer in the car.
Mary was the first to reach her son, who had been thrown from the car and was lying unconscious in a field on the side of the road.
Because she's a nurse, she knew the signs. She knew right away it didn't look good.
Another baseball parent, a trauma nurse, stopped to help. She agreed with Mary that Andrew was showing signs of a serious head injury.
Clutching her 14-month-old granddaughter against one hip, Mary Henrickson placed her hand on the youngest of her four children and prayed while she waited for the ambulance.
Others stopped to help. More than one leaned over mother and child and placed their own hands on Andrew's arm, Mary's shoulder.
She felt certain that Andrew had suffered life-changing injuries, that his recovery, if there was to be one, would be long and slow. But she felt something else too.
"I felt God's power,'' she said.
Athletics have been part of the Henricksons' lives for as long as they can remember.
The kids' grandfather, Sam Henrickson Sr., is a longtime baseball coach and an accomplished player in his own right. His son Sam was one of the best athletes in the county during his playing days at Terry Sanford in the 1980s.
The Henrickson kids, including older sisters Megan and Cameron, all know their way around a soccer ball, a baseball, a basketball, a football. Sam II and Andrew, born just 17 months apart, have been the ones to pick up where their dad left off on the baseball field.
Sam II, 18, is a catcher and Andrew plays outfield and pitches. Both are dangerous hitters. But they've continued to enjoy other sports.
But as the Henricksons awaited word on Andrew's condition after the accident, sports was far down the list of concerns.
It wasn't long, though, before they received amazing news.
A scan of Andrew's brain revealed a serious concussion, but no neurological damage.
And five hours after the ambulance brought him to the hospital, he was cleared to go home.
"Thank you, God,'' Sam II said, leaning over Andrew, "for not taking my brother.''
Soccer season was a wash for Andrew, who has been followed by a neurologist and an orthopedist for the injury to his right index finger suffered in the accident.
But Andrew, who turned 17 since the accident, has made such rapid progress that two weekends ago, he dressed out for a preseason basketball jamboree at Terry Sanford.
"Coach,'' he said hopefully to Boyette after the first of four games, "I'm ready if you need me.''
But Boyette wasn't about to take that chance without a doctor's clearance.
That clearance came Friday, just in time for the start of the regular season.
And just in time for a Thanksgiving this family will never forget.
"He'll play,'' Boyette said. "He's had a really good week. He doesn't shy away from any contact.
"He's new to our program and there's a lot to learn, but he can shoot the ball and he's real fast,'' he said. "We're just glad to have him.''
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Office HoursMonday through Friday, 8:15 am to 4:45 pm
How to Reach Us 55 M Street, SE, Suite 400 Washington, DC 20003 email@example.com
Phone: (202) 673-6813Fax: (202) 671-0650TTY: (202) 673-6813
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Terry BellamyDirector Ask the Agency
March 07, 2011
Story at a Glance
Media Contacts
(Washington, DC) The District Department of Transportation (DDOT) announced the reconstruction of Benning Road between, 39th and 42nd Streets, is now underway.
The project includes the reconstruction of the roadway pavement, curbs, gutters, sidewalks and driveways. New features to be installed include ADA sidewalk ramps, concrete bus pads, water quality friendly catch basins, roadway signage, trash receptacles and fire hydrants. The project will also include new landscaping and other aesthetic improvements, and traffic signal modifications to improve safety in the corridor.
Construction activities started on 39th Street and will proceed toward 42nd Street. The northern portion of the roadway will be constructed first, and will then be followed by the southern portion. The middle portion of the roadway will be constructed last. Construction activities will take place between the hours of 7 am and 7 pm, Monday through Friday. One eastbound and one westbound traffic lane will be maintained on Benning Road. Curbside parking will be restricted as needed.
For more information about the Benning Road Reconstruction Project, please visit DDOT's Transportation Access Portal at dashboard.ddot.dc.gov and see projects listed under Ward 7. Questions about the project can be directed to Mr. Maduabuchi Udeh at (202) 671-2800 or email@example.com.


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Kokonoe wrote:I don't really see a point to this, but I pre-ordered it last month...
vampko wrote:http://nisamerica.com/forum/viewtopic.php?f=47&t=6809
There's already a topic for this ^
Elston87 wrote:Pre-ordered the Gamindustri Savior Set yesterday on Feb. 6th.
And I'm not even done with the first game yet...
To be honest, this is the first "Premium" or "limited" edition of a game I ever pre-ordered, so woo for me!
Return to Hyperdimension Neptunia Series
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Dashon Goldson speaks during a news conference earlier this year. (USA TODAY Sports / January 27, 2013) |
The Sports Xchange
NFL Team Report - Tampa Bay Buccaneers - INSIDE SLANT
It's too late to save the Tampa Bay Buccaneers season. They could win enough games, however, to protect the job of head coach Greg Schiano.
Defensive tackle Gerald McCoy said that while the Bucs (3-9) have been eliminated from the playoffs, they still have much to play for beginning with Sunday's 1 p.m. game against the Buffalo Bills at Raymond James Stadium.
"We're not going to the playoffs. It's a fact. So what?" McCoy said. "Are we going to lay down, or are we going to finish off strong? We have four more weeks to leave our mark on 2013. What are we going to do with it? It's up to us."
McCoy said it's important to establish positive momentum for the offseason, remembering last year's season-ending win against Atlanta, which ended a five-game losing streak.
"Same thing: Our last four games, how we finish this season, that's the first thing you're going to talk about next year," McCoy said. "We've got four more guaranteed opportunities to leave our mark. We have to refocus and prepare to be able to do that."
Schiano is on the hot seat. After losing the first eight games to start the season, the Bucs won three in a row before falling 27-6 at Carolina Sunday.
Tampa Bay's offense, which ranks 31st in the NFL, has begun to go backward. They had a season-low 206 total yards against the Panthers and injuries have begun to catch up to them.
Defensively, the Bucs didn't play with passion or tackle well against the Panthers.
McCoy was held without a tackle and the defense was held without a sack or a quarterback hurry. The Bucs face a rookie quarterback this week in Buffalo's EJ Manuel, and McCoy said it's crucial to contain him in the pocket and not allow him to scramble as Carolina's Cam Newton did last week.
"We don't want him using his feet. He's an athlete, and if he gets out in the open, he can make throws," McCoy said. "We want to put him in tight windows and make him beat us from the pocket. Same thing we wanted to do with Cam. We got away from that."
McCoy said the Bucs didn't look good on offense, defense or special teams Sunday, and he said that included himself, as he faced things he hadn't expected in terms of personnel blocking him on plays.
The Bills represent the last team the Bucs will be favored against the final month of the season. Tampa Bay hosts the 49ers next week before traveling to St. Louis and New Orleans to end the regular season.
"That Carolina game just wasn't us, all around the board," McCoy said. "They neutralized me in so many ways. I remember one time, I got hit by a receiver and a running back. I said, 'What's going on?' I got around the tackle, got hit by a receiver coming across and a running back. Carolina just played a great game and Cam did what he did. We can't allow EJ to do the same thing."
SERIES HISTORY: 10th regular season meeting. Bucs lead series, 6-3. But Tampa Bay lost the last meeting 33-20 in 2009, its only trip to Rich Stadium in Buffalo.
NFL Team Report - Tampa Bay Buccaneers - NOTES, QUOTES
--Bucs kicker Rian Lindell spent 10 years as the Buffalo Bills' kicker, so the 36 year old admitted Wednesday it will feel odd to be kicking against his old team Sunday when the Bills come to Tampa.


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The 8 Best Movie Sequels Of All Time
Can't Wait for The Prometheus Sequel?
5 Shows That Have Us Literally Yelling at the TV
New Godzilla Spotted in Vancouver
Gwyneth Paltrow: I'm a Sex Addict
Joseph Gordon-Levitt Won't 'Clarify' Gay Rumors
The Zac Efron Evolution: From Disney To Rehab
The Absurd Salaries Of Reality Stars
Ellen Pompeo Doesn't Hold Back About Katherine Heigl
Sean Connery Gets HIstorical Offer To Reprise Bond Role
Two More 'Tansformers' Movies?
Scarlett Johansson Shows Off in The Avengers
Exclusive on All the Marvel Sequels
Christian Bale Ready for 4th Batman
Ron Perlman Puts on the Hellboy Make-Up Again
New Godzilla Unleashed in Vancouver
15 Actors Who Made Extreme Weight Changes
Megan Fox is April O'Neal
The Wildest Theories On How To Kill Wolverine
Princess Without A Planet
Amanda Seyfried is Russell Crowe's Daughter
Gia Mantegna Will Drive You Crazy
Loki Reveals the Secrets behind Thor: Dark World
25 Biggest Movies Coming Out This Season
Your Pain is Her Pleasure
This Infographic Will Teach You All About Krypton
The New RoboCop Trailer is Here!
Christian Bale Reveals the Origins of his 'Batman Voice'


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I would like to begin by saying that our weeks stay at the Irida Studios was the tonic we needed away from our busy and hectic lives. This little haven is positioned on the road side 5 mins from the town, nestled in olive trees. Our hosts offered a personal touch and made us feel welcome. We took advantage of... More
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Email this page to a friend
APW® 4/3 Size Food Warmer
Stainless outer shell with louvers on all four sides
One-piece, die-stamped, deep drawn stainless liner
Low-resistance "W" shaped heating element provides even transfer of heat to well pan
Warmer shown with four optional third size pans
120V; 12.5 amps; 1500 watts
9H x 141/2W x 291/2D. 35 lbs.
One year parts and labor warranty.


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Results 21 to 27 of 27
- Join Date
- Aug 2012
- Location
- Brooklyn, Ny
- Posts
- 95
That's crazy .. Your quote should be " if he ask you to go 1600 miles go 1700" lol
08-16-2012, 07:55 AM #22right now it only gets like 20 miles a month :( poor truck is being drove much. my friend is afraid to wreck it so he only drives it 2 times a month while im gone. thatll change once i get back tho and then ill be driving all over the east coast lol
2010 Silverado Z71
"Fueled by Haters"
TCS front box 7"-9" set at 8.5" | FTS coilovers(blue coil) with resis and FTS shocks with resis| 20" Fuel Off-Road Revolver Rims | 35x12.50 Nitto Trail Grapplers | Halo Projector Head Lights by Recon- Black | Led Taillights by Recon- Smoked | Dumped Straight pipe | Volant CAI | Ranch Hand Front Bumper | DiabloSport Trinity Programmer | Tow Mirrors with Turn Signal | Cervinis Ram-Air hood | 4.56 USA gears with tru trac locker | Longshot Lighting 6000k 55w low beam and 6000k 35w fogs HIDs | 7" lift leaf spring | Blue TCS traction bars
Future Mods: Long tube headers | Custom tune | Cam | Stall Converter
- Join Date
- Aug 2012
- Location
- Brooklyn, Ny
- Posts
- 95
That should be fun .. Btw your silverado looks dope .. I ordered same lights just not recon cause I didn't feel like dropping that much cause of exhaust and cai were a bit $ eventually I'll upgrade
08-18-2012, 11:46 AM #25Commuting to and from work, six days a week, I put right at 100 miles on the truck each week. Pretty dang low compared to the rest of you!
Clint (TX) 2001 Silverado LS 4.8L auto 2wd ECSB [GARAGE]
Gasoline or gunpowder: If you ain't burning one, you ain't having fun!
NRA Endowment Member 5 24 48 88 - Hendrick Motorsports FTW!
08-18-2012, 07:48 PM #26235 miles a week to and from work, this is not counting running the wife and kid around to, god only knows, lol
Tim Walters (Curky)
Wrangler AT/S 265/70R17 - Trail-FX window vents - Husky fitted splash guards - Silver Star zXe - Leveling kit -
08-18-2012, 08:07 PM #27Only drive like 100-120 miles a week max norm is like 50+. School is only 2 miles away, girlfriend's is little more than 2, place were my troop meets is about 3.5 but run a lot of errands around town. Sad I only do city driving kills my mileage only 12 at the best.
1996 Chevy Tahoe LT 5.7L V8 4X4 202,000+ miles. Built proudly at Janesville Assembly in Janesville, Wisconsin
Basic mods: Lights all over, bunch of electrical work, and a couple cooling mods.
Check out my other mods in My Garage: http://www.gmtruckclub.com/forum/sho...t-Tahoe-4-Door
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Ferragamo Launches "Bio-Friendly" Men's Shoe Line
Filed under: Apparel, Shoes, Charity, Green, Men's Style
Italian luxury fashion brand Salvatore Ferragamo is launching a new line of bio-friendly men's shoes called Ferragamo WORLD, with a portion of the proceeds going to Acumen Fund, a global non-profit venture firm addressing poverty in South Asia and East Africa. The new collection designed to be casual, sophisticated and functional, drawing on the Ferragamo tradition of "stylistic sophistication, craftsmanship and comfort". The aesthetic is "Italian City Casual", a bit less formal than Ferragamo's core offerings, inspired by Italy's traditional way of life.
The line is evocative of relaxation outdoors, of long walks in the city, of bicycles as an alternative means of transportation, of attention to detail and of a comfortable and wearable elegance. The collection consists of six models in select leathers with a rubber sole: desert boots, moccasins with or without signature hardware and sporty models with a college and tennis feel. Clean lines incorporate a comfortable step guaranteed by the unique structure of an ergonomic sole made of bio-friendly, decomposable material. The leathers use the latest generation water tanning processes and water based adhesives are also used which minimize any kind of harmful waste.


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Bethany Lutheran College | www.blc.edu
Service date:
Friday, January 18, 2013 - 10:00am * Prelude
* Hymn, 176, How Shall the Young Secure Their Hearts
* Reading: Ephesians 6:1-4
* Homily
* Prayer
* Hymn, 178, I Pray Thee, Dear Lord Jesus
* Benediction
* Postlude
File: Complete service:
File: Sermon only:
Rev. Prof. Erling Teigen
Music leader(s):
Organist: Prof. Dennis Marzolf
Ephesians 6:1-4 Children, obey your parents in the Lord, for this is right.
"Honor your father and mother," which is the first commandment with promise: "that it may be well with you and you may live long on the earth."
And you, fathers, do not provoke your children to wrath, but bring them up in the training and admonition of the Lord.


text: Here is the big boob pornstar Rachel Starr. She likes to have sex and sex is always better when you have a big penis in your vagina. Her vagina is wet and it's ready to accept whatever comes her way. But if you want to make pornstar Rachel Starr have an orgasm, you better be packing, you better be packing..


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Sabato, Larry
The latest news on Sabato, Larry
Academic analysis shows Romney in historically strong position after winning GOP nomination.
Warning confirms establishment GOP fears of losing women, independents
Repeal vote marks start of next phase in debate
President Obama and Democrats are convinced it's going to be ugly at the polls Tuesday. But how ugly?
UVA's Larry Sabato predicts that the GOP will take over the House. Is he right?
Political expert predicts House win for GOP and a 50-50 Senate split.
In the Democratic primary race, McAuliffe may not have shaken his carpetbagger image.


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MRECO - Exaco Mr. ECO Mini Compost Bin - White
Our Price: $57.00
plus FREE
Ground / Parcel Shipping
Ground / Parcel Shipping
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In Stock: Usually ships in 3 - 4 business days
Exaco Mr. ECO Mini Compost Bin - White
Keep your composter in your kitchen, and know you don't need to worry about odors or insects with the Exaco Mr. ECO Mini Compost Bin (MRECO). This compact composter boasts a patented design with a locking lid, keeping your kitchen odorless.
Constructed of recycled plastic, this kitchen essential is dishwasher friendly and can be recycled again! In addition, it comes with three (3) biodegradable bags and a sturdy wall hanger.
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Its is designed with a 100% locking mechanism, eliminating odors and eye contact with the compostVersatile:
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Usually ships in 3 - 4 business days
This item ships Ground or USPS. Delivery times related to these ship methods are usually between 2 and 7 business days once the product leaves the warehouse. We will email you tracking information once the product leaves our warehouse. Ground or USPS deliveries do not require a signature and may be left at the ship to location. All deliveries can occur Monday through Saturday depending on your local delivery carrier. Order must be fully processed by 12pm CST to be eligible for "Guaranteed Same Day Shipping." Orders processed after that time may ship out the following business day.Ground or USPS deliveries do not include a guaranteed delivery date. Should you require a specific delivery date or expedited shipping please add the item to the shopping cart and view the shipping options drop down box. If the product is eligible for expedited shipping the shipping options and pricing will be listed. Please contact our customer service department with any questions related to shipping. (800) 297-6076, M-F, 8am to 5pm CST.
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MRECO - Exaco Mr. ECO Mini Compost Bin
Sale Price: $45.60


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Sparkling ICE combines mountain spring water, fruit juice, vitamins, and nutrients to create a tasty, lightly carbonated, liquid refreshment in assorted juicy flavors. Sparkling ICE can be enjoyed multiple times a day!
Last Updated: 1/26/2012 2:33:00 PM
Type: Water: Enhanced
Container: 17 oz PET
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If you ever raped your cousin and threatened to kill yer grammie if she opens her trap, here's your sign!
If you ever jacked off into tator salad ang got a stiffy as you watched your wife's ex boyfriend eat a plate of it at your bi-racial step-son's kindergarten graduation, here's your sign.
Klaatu barada nikto
What the fuck is wrong with people???? Get the height of your truck and then read the signs on the bridges!
Seems like it's the same bridge all the time. Maybe the height is wrong
Beware Of Fat Greasy Italians Bearing Olive Branches
Whoever built that bridge is an engineering genius...Strong as fuck
Listen up assholes...The above is my opinion and doesn't mean shit
Its actually a steel structure placed in front of the bridge to protect it.
Last edited by Dump Button; 09-14-2013 at 07:03 AM.
You know, they could excavate another foot and eliminate 95% of those collisions. Truck heights are usually 12' or 12'6"
It's already a one-way street, so you could even taper it into one lane and hollow out the center without impacting the bridge supports.
Nah, that would be too much work. Better to allow millions of dollars of vehicle damage due to poor road planning.
Last edited by MyLazyHand; 09-14-2013 at 07:40 AM.
My stomach hurts, that is the funniest gd thing I've seen in a while...so the guy has a camera set up 24/7? Also amazing that he's recording the audio.
I went and looked at the news clip and most of the issues are from rental trucks. You can go to Penske or Ryder and rent a BIG damn truck with no training or CDL. (just ask Elliot Offen)
I don't see the need in spending a ton of money because of idiots. They spent money on that rail protecting the bridge. I say let the idiots pay for their own ignorance. It's almost like another angle of Darwin's Theory.
Yep. I was about to post that too. It looks like an oversized steel soccer goal placed in front of the bridge to give large vehicles a 'haircut' before they have a chance to hit the bridge itself.
One can get a great look at it on streetview here 35.999078,-78.910143 if they're interested.
That's awesome. It's at the perfect height to open up those trucks like sardine cans or cleanly scrape the top off of RVs.
I can't see spending road money because too many people are too stupid to read a sign. I drive some vehicles that are tall. I make damn sure I know their height.
I'd rather spend the money to pass a law that didn't allow Elliot Offen or others of that mental level to climb behind the wheel of a vehicle that size simply because they have the money and the operators license.
Because I will bet you this. You have no idea what inexperienced drivers have loaded into that box or what it might weigh. Because with weight in a big truck there's this thing called stopping distance.
And while they're coming up behind you, I bet they don't know a damn thing about that either.


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Past 3 Months | Past 6 Months | All-time | |
Positive (4 or 5) | 0 | 0 | 90 |
Neutral (3) | 0 | 0 | 5 |
Negative (1 or 2) | 0 | 0 | 16 |
Total Reviews | 0 | 0 | 111 |
Avg Rating | Not Rated |
Not Rated |
4.21 |
Address: | 411 108th Ave NE, Suite 1600 Bellevue, WA, 98004 - US |
Website: | http://www.drugstore.com |
Business Hours: | 24/7 |
Sales Phone: | 1-800-378-4786 |
Service Phone: | 1-800-378-4786 |
Sales Email: | firstname.lastname@example.com |
Cust Service Email: | firstname.lastname@example.com |
Date Reviewed: 12/12/2012 | ||
jdleech from TX Member Since: 12/12/2012 View Member's: Reviews |
I ordered some merchandise from Drugstore.com. The order was 100% wrong. Not a single item was what I ordered. I repackaged the items and returned them using a return label I had to print out and took the package to the post office to return it ( they do not use UPS). After a few weeks I received a new package. again it was 100% wrong. They must have monkeys filling random boxes and shipping them. |
Overall Rating |
Date Reviewed: 03/11/2011 | ||
timmyt9000 from IL Member Since: 03/11/2011 View Member's: Reviews |
I ordered a few items but later decided to return one. Their return policy states they accept returns but take 30 days to process them. I waited over 45 days and they still did not provide a credit or update. I had to email them multiple times to get a credit. When you email "Customer Service" you are emailing a bot. They scan your email for keywords and reply with a standard form email. Then you have to email them again if you didn't get your question answered. I had to go through this process a few times before anyone actually looked into the return that that did not process. I am quite sure that they would have waited forever to issue a credit to me. They clearly did not keep their promise of processing the return within 30 days. When I did get a credit, they had deducted charges from the credit with no explanation. I still have no idea why the refund is the amount they sent. Also, they have now barred me from ever ordering again. I thought they accepted returns?? |
Overall Rating |
Date Reviewed: 11/18/2009 | ||
accabe from unknown Member Since: 02/06/2008 View Member's: Reviews |
Order never arrived, evidently lost at post office. It's been over 3 weeks and they have not reshipped and refuse to refund my money! VERY POOR RETURN PROCESS; TERRIBLE CUSTOMER SERVICE! |
Overall Rating |
Date Reviewed: 09/18/2009 | ||
snarkwoot from UT Member Since: 09/18/2009 View Member's: Reviews |
If you purchase something from drugstore.com, expect to receive a series of irritatingly redundant low-value promotional emails. Technically it's legal, because they tell you how to unsubscribe in EACH email, and they adhere to the letter of the law by (supposedly, although I am still getting spam from an order I placed over 20 days ago) removing you from their mailing lists within TEN DAYS. I'm not sure why think their customers are stupid enough to believe there's any justifiable reason for it to take ten days for a computer to change a simple setting. Don't bother emailing support asking to be removed more quickly. I tried that, and the customer "care" representative pretended not to understand, stating that he had removed my (already-removed) email address. He also reminded me that it would take up to ten days for the change to take effect. Of course, the support email was ALSO laden with promotional offers. |
Overall Rating |
Date Reviewed: 07/03/2009 | ||
nmd from FL Member Since: 07/03/2009 View Member's: Reviews |
BUYER BEWARE!! Website advertised BOGO. (Buy one get one) I purchased a shampoo & Conditioner. I should have recieved a free one of each. I called customer service and they said that the website was a mistake and thanked me for bringing the error to their attention. I told them I wanted to get my two free products. But in order to send me my free products they wanted my credit card again. I told them that since they had messed up the first time why should I give them a credit card for something that is suppsed to be free. They gave me a stupid story that they could not ring up transaction without a credit card. So, they never resolved my issue. I hung up out of frustration. I could have bought the product cheaper at walmart in the first place. THE BOGO was a trick to bring me to website. They were not even nice about how they treated me. I will NEVER EVER buy from this company ever again. Careful what you buy on this website. |
Overall Rating |
Date Reviewed: 03/21/2009 | ||
BrianJ_NY from unknown Member Since: 05/22/2008 View Member's: Reviews |
Some prices seemed high but I found a few things at good prices including something that I couldn't find anywhere else. Very pleased with the site. |
Overall Rating |
Date Reviewed: 02/18/2009 | ||
SJSUPD from CA Member Since: 02/19/2004 View Member's: Reviews |
Concern about credit card entry. |
Overall Rating |
Date Reviewed: 02/15/2009 | ||
MRF from unknown Member Since: 01/30/2009 View Member's: Reviews |
Overall Rating |
Date Reviewed: 02/11/2009 | ||
HuntersandRopers from unknown Member Since: 01/26/2009 View Member's: Reviews |
Good variety of items |
Overall Rating |
Date Reviewed: 02/02/2009 | ||
jsbarkand from unknown Member Since: 01/24/2009 View Member's: Reviews |
I have used them before and find them to be a great website |
Overall Rating |
Date Reviewed: 01/31/2009 | ||
twscherder from unknown Member Since: 01/19/2009 View Member's: Reviews |
One product was not closed properly and therefore everything in the package was covered in oil. Had to clean everything and the paperwork was ruined. Lost part of the product that was opened, a body oil. |
Overall Rating |
Date Reviewed: 01/27/2009 | ||
darln3 from unknown Member Since: 01/18/2009 View Member's: Reviews |
Great price. Like the free shipping for a first time customer! |
Overall Rating |
Date Reviewed: 01/27/2009 | ||
efenton1 from unknown Member Since: 12/14/2008 View Member's: Reviews |
I lover ordering from drugstore.com |
Overall Rating |
Date Reviewed: 01/27/2009 | ||
jailee from unknown Member Since: 10/21/2005 View Member's: Reviews |
merchant website is excellent and easy to manuever |
Overall Rating |
Date Reviewed: 01/27/2009 | ||
StilesAnd from unknown Member Since: 12/15/2008 View Member's: Reviews |
It was fast and easy to order on drugstore.com. I would do it again. |
Overall Rating |
Date Reviewed: 01/27/2009 | ||
gregz920 from unknown Member Since: 12/29/2008 View Member's: Reviews |
Pretty easy to find the products I wanted. Not too happy about paying $1.99 shipping for backordered items though. |
Overall Rating |
Date Reviewed: 01/27/2009 | ||
Irishkids3 from unknown Member Since: 12/05/2008 View Member's: Reviews |
it was a pleasure using your site |
Overall Rating |
Date Reviewed: 01/27/2009 | ||
shahzad.ghori from unknown Member Since: 12/04/2008 View Member's: Reviews |
Although the amount dedicated to FREE SHIPPING is able to be given to items under 1 pounds...collectively if items such as those under a pound come to a net weight over 1 pound they are not held to the same standard as an individual item that is solely over a pound. In short, not fair, but what can you do?! |
Overall Rating |
Date Reviewed: 01/27/2009 | ||
domespiratpg from CA Member Since: 09/01/2005 View Member's: Reviews |
very easy to shop, very attractive offer, highly recommend tyhis merchant. |
Overall Rating |
Date Reviewed: 01/27/2009 | ||
cedrac from unknown Member Since: 02/25/2008 View Member's: Reviews |
My first shopping experience was very good. |
Overall Rating |
Date Reviewed: 01/21/2009 | ||
danah002 from unknown Member Since: 07/16/2008 View Member's: Reviews |
Drugstore.com is a great merchant. Very easy to use and the site is pretty straightforward and I will be using them again in the near future. |
Overall Rating |
Date Reviewed: 12/14/2008 | ||
sks_saha from NJ Member Since: 12/14/2008 View Member's: Reviews |
Bad inventory management. Order placed where automatically cancelled. Customer support clueless about why got cancelled. I would not recommend this. |
Overall Rating |
Date Reviewed: 12/12/2008 | ||
lautmeister from unknown Member Since: 11/26/2008 View Member's: Reviews |
fine. wihs ther was a coupon code applicable for Thanksgiving pruchase. |
Overall Rating |
Date Reviewed: 12/11/2008 | ||
imamathwhizz from KS Member Since: 12/11/2008 View Member's: Reviews |
Fantastic service! When I called customer service I got a REAL person right away who was friendly and helpful. My order arrived very quickly and was exactly what I expected/hoped for. The item I ordered was out of stock at Amazon and several other places-they had it in stock and cheaper than anywhere else. It arrived VERY quickly. I will be pleased to do business with them again and would certainly recommend them to a friend! |
Overall Rating |
Date Reviewed: 12/11/2008 | ||
kmcseliner from unknown Member Since: 12/02/2008 View Member's: Reviews |
very good I have used this sight and it has saved me a lot of money. |
Overall Rating |
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text:
Cheyenne Cigars are a quality brand of cigars and little cigars. On this page you can find your favorite Cheyenne Little Cigars at the lowest prices online and with the best service!
Cheyenne Extreme Menthol 200ct
I was skeptical when I ...
I was skeptical when I first came across these cigars due to their high menthol content. Upon trying them however, I realized that the cooling taste is actually very enjoyable and relaxing. The menthol allows for a minty fresh taste that cannot be found in standard cigars. These cigars are great during hot summer nights when I want to just relax and feel cool. Despite the high count of each box, I found these cigars to be used up rather quickly compared to other little cigars I have tried. I found the cool, smooth taste of these cigars to be excellent for me, but for those that prefer a more typical cigar experience these may not be a good choice. These cigars took a bit longer than I would have liked to arrive at my home, but the price of the shipping was reasonable.
Cheyenne Cigars Full 200ct
full flavor menthol, ...
full flavor menthol, similar to " Kool " cigarettes. I started buying them about a yesr ago when cigarette prices went crazy. Still buying them.
Cheyenne Menthol 200ct
I am an avid menthol ...
I am an avid menthol cigarette smoker and I must say this is by far one of the best I have ever had. The cigarette was very smooth, sweet to the taste, the flavor just continued. Since I first tasted them going through north carolina it is grat i was able to find them online at this exclusive store. It was a great experience
Cheyenne Full Flavor 16oz
This is a great tasting tobacco
This is the best tobacco i have ever smoked this is alot better then OHM BOUY LARGO GAMBLER better then any of them put together try this tobacco and you will be hooked
Cheyenne Vanilla 200ct
I have been looking for ...
I have been looking for quite some time for the best cigars out there and it took me a while to finally find one that I truly liked. I then found the Cheyenne Little Cigars and I must admit I was very impressed. The cigars were sent to me fairly quickly and the package came in as expected. The 3 7/8x20 mild bodied cigars came with 200ct and I have been enjoying each and every one. At only $14.99 I definitely feel like I was able to save a lot of money and definitely feels like a bargain. I enjoyed all the different flavors and was definitely worth the money that I spent.
Cheyenne Cigars Cherry 200ct
These little cigars are ...
These little cigars are my favorite; but with so many choices this site offers, I ended up adding a few items to my cart; I was amazed that I got so much for so little money; very happy camper, I found my store.
Cheyenne Menthol 16oz
good overall product. Could use a little more menthol flavor.
Cheyenne Cigars Classic
My close friends and I ...
My close friends and I have been customers of Cheyenne Little Cigars for a while. The only thing I didn't like about them is the fact that they were a bit expensive in most stores in my area. That is why I was happy to find them online. These classic cigars have a good flavor, but kind of a weak aroma. They are good for people who don't want to smell like cigar smoke. I didn't like having to wait for them to shipped, but it made me feel great that I saved myself a little money and a trip to the store.
Cheyenne Cigars Peach 200ct
The Cheyenne Little Peach ...
The Cheyenne Little Peach Cigars are perfect for me to smoke when I am outside swinging on my porch or just walking in the woods. I enjoy the fruity flavor as well as the size of the box they come in; and I love having more than enough cigars to go around.


text:
Yet the fact remains that 86 of the prisoners in Guantanamo were cleared for release three years ago following a year-long investigation of their cases by an interagency task force of officials at the Department of Justice, Pentagon, State Department and the Department of Homeland Security.
These detainees, some now on hunger strike, have good reason to despair that they will remain in Guantanamo forever. Their cases have been exhaustively investigated. They have found to be guilty of nothing, yet they are being held indefinitely. Indefinite detention without charge is a policy that we usually associate with dictatorships, not democracies.
Add to this the facts that less than 3% of the detainees at Guantanamo can be confirmed by the public record to have engaged in anti-American terrorism or insurgent actions following their release and those 17 detainees were all released before the intensive review of the cases of the remaining prisoners at Guantanamo began under the Obama administration in 2009.
And so the Guantanamo prisoners who have been cleared for release remain in seemingly perpetual custody, not because they've been charged or because the rate of former detainees joining militant groups is at all high, but because Washington politics has effectively ensured that there is nowhere else for them to go.
For these prisoners, attempting to starve themselves to death is an almost rational response to their bleak future.
It's a story that Kafka might have written. Unfortunately, this one is true.
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text:
Bermudian Springs Elementary School Principal Roger Stroup has been selected by the Pennsylvania Association of Elementary and Secondary School Principals as the state's "2012 National Distinguished Principal."
Stroup's honor was announced at Tuesday night's school board meeting by district Superintendent Shane Hotchkiss.
The National Distinguished Principals program was established in 1984 as an annual event to honor exemplary elementary- and middle-school principals who set the pace, character, and quality of the education children receive during their early school years, said Joshua Doll, Dallastown Area Middle School principal and president-elect of PAESSP. One principal is chosen annually from each of the 50 states and the District of Columbia, Doll said.
Stroup was nominated for the state award by Hotchkiss, and Stroup was one of three finalists selected for an on-site visit, Doll said.
Doll said he was one of a team of former distinguished principals from PAESSP that traveled to Bermudian recently to interview Stroup and review his work at the district.
"They noted how impressed they were with the work being done to improve student achievement for all students," Hotchkiss told Stroup. "The committee stated, 'Everyone we spoke with revealed your dedication to your school, your students, your staff, and your community.' That dedication is one of the many things that set you apart."
Doll said his group was impressed with the welcoming school environment at Bermudian and the commitment there to academic excellence.
"Mr. Stroup revamped his elementary schedule in an effort to incorporate reading-intervention groups in his building, resulting in enhanced data-driven practice and student-academic achievement," Doll said.
"He also has established a strong Parent Volunteer Corp that assist and volunteer in his building," Doll said. "In addition, he was largely involved in the building project and displayed an exceptional balance of instructional leadership versus management and the importance of engaging his community in moving toward the vision of the school."
Stroup has been at Bermudian Springs since July of 1989, and was the elementary assistant principal before being named elementary principal in August 1994.
Stroup will travel to Washington, D.C., in October to be recognized for his achievement by the United States Department of Education and the National Association of Elementary School Principals, Hotchkiss said, and will also be acknowledged by PAESSP at its annual state conference in Pittsburgh on Oct. 21.
One elementary principal from the group of this year's state "Distinguished Principals" will be chosen at a later date as the national winner for 2012, Doll said.
"Winning this award is something that I certainly never asked for or even in my wildest dreams imagined I would win, although it is certainly flattering to be recognized by your peers," Stroup said. "I really feel that this is an award that you don't win by yourself, but that my entire faculty and staff deserves most of the credit. It's all of their hard work and dedication which in turn makes me look so good."