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Dudley Hearing Centre
Tel: 01384 256002
176 High Street, Dudley, DY1 1QE
About Dudley Hearing Aid Centre
Quality products, value for money and professional care Dudley Hearing Centre has provided hearing care services for 40 years and continues to remain at the forefront of hearing aid technology, offering the very best possible hearing care and support service to our clients. A helpline service is available to assist with any hearing problems, simply telephone or email us with your enquiry.Areas served: Dudley.
The Hearing & Mobility Store
Tel: 01451 810088
Areas served: Bourton-on-the-water, Cheltenham, Chipping Campden, and 6 others.
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Sony released a new behind-the-scenes featurette [1] for Aardman Animation's forthcoming animated feature, The Pirates! Band of Misfits. The featurette showcases the stunning work from the people at Aardman, while revealing how difficult it is to put together a stop-motion film of this size. The Pirates! Band of Misfits is Aardman's first 3D stop-motion film, and Peter Lord's first film as a director since Chicken Run. The film features the voices of Hugh Grant, Martin Freeman, Adewale Akinnuoye-Agbaje, David Tennant, Brendan Gleeson, Russell Tovey, Ashley Jensen, Salma Hayek, Jeremy Piven, Brian Blessed, Lenny Henry, and Imelda Staunton.
Get a behind-the-scenes peek at the making of this stop-motion animated adventure epic:
The Pirates! Band of Misfits is based in part on Gideon Defoe's book "The Pirates! In an Adventure with Scientists." Look out for The Pirates! Band of Misfits in theaters on March 30, 2012.
[1] http://movies.yahoo.com/movie/the-pirates-band-of-misfits/trailers/the-pirates-band-of-misfits-featurette-aardman-28332054.html

subset: commoncrawl


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URGENT - Mideast Peace Talks Obama
Published 10:16 AM MDT Jul 29, 2013
(CNN) -- President Barack Obama said Monday that the new round of Israeli-Palestinian peace talks are "a promising step forward, though hard work and hard choices remain ahead." The talks start Monday night in Washington. "The most difficult work of these negotiations is ahead, and I am hopeful that both the Israelis and Palestinians will approach these talks in good faith and with sustained focus and determination," Obama said.
Copyright 2013 by CNN NewSource. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.


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A lost poem I wrote...
Sunday, February 1, 2009 12:14:02 AM
Every minute of this world changes.
From the North, the South, the East and West a new story is being told.
But for this story, the story never exists without its owner.
Its unraveled and told through your imagination.
So let your imagination wander from the watery depths of the great blue sea.
Let your imagination take you to a place where you have never been before.
Let it give you wings: take you across the mountains where every soul begins.
Let the warm breeze blow you across the rolling hills; crescent gold, flowing like enchanting waves of water...
Take a ride through the green forest of wonders, where flowers blossom forever.
Lay yourself on the warm sunlit beaches, where seagulls dance in the sky.
A joyous world awaits.


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Tax Services
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2013 - 14 Federal
Budget Brief
The Government says the Budget will support jobs and growth, but some of its proposed changes may have the opposite effect. Look behind the rhetoric.


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Rolling was arrested for armed robbery in Ocala, Florida and a triple-homicide in Shreveport. Evidence, including DNA, later linked Rolling to all murders.
Pled guilty to the murders on the first day of his trial in 1991.
October 25, 2006 - Rolling is executed.
Anthony Sowell Police find the decomposing and buried bodies of 10 women and the skull of one, at 12205 Imperial Ave., the Cleveland, Ohio, home of ex-Marine, Anthony Sowell, between October 27 - November 3, 2009.
The women were strangled to death from 2007 through 2009.
July 22, 2011 - Sowell is found guilty on 82 of the 83 counts against him and acquitted of one - aggravated robbery of the surviving victim Gladys Wade.
August 12, 2011 - A judge upholds the jury's recommendation for the death penalty.
Chester Dewayne Turner Charged with murdering 10 women and one unborn fetus in south and downtown Los Angeles over an 11-year period between 1987 and 1998.
Was identified as a suspect in 2002 after a DNA test was taken upon his rape conviction.
The DNA test also led to the release of a man who had been convicted of three of the murders.
July 2, 2007 - Turner is sentenced to death for the murders.
February 1, 2011 - Turner is charged with four more murders, linked to him by DNA.
Wayne Williams Killed at least two men in the Atlanta area between 1979 and 1981.
Police believed he might have been responsible for more than 20 other deaths in the Atlanta area.
Was a music promoter and freelance TV cameraman at the time.
Several of the bodies were found in the Chattahoochee River.
Williams became a suspect after police saw him on a bridge they had been staking out.
Williams was linked to several victims by fibers and hairs found in house. He was linked to other victims by witnesses.
Some of the victims' parents did not believe Williams was guilty. Others thought the Ku Klux Klan might have been behind the killings.
Was convicted and sentenced to two life terms in 1982.
Williams maintains his innocence, and his appeals for a re-trial have been rejected.
Aileen Wuornos Killed seven men in 1989 and 1990 in Florida. The body of the seventh was never found.
Lured her male victims by posing as a prostitute or a traveler in distress.
Claimed to be a prostitute working freeway exits and back roads of Florida.
A drug addict and alcoholic, she stole to support herself.


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Economic and Structural Policy
The Economic and Structural Policy division is the principal source of economic advice to the Queensland Government.
The division provides:
- expert economic, demographic and social research
- commercial, strategic and policy advice in relation to Queensland Government-owned corporations
- support for and proactive involvement in the Government's reform program to streamline existing regulation and simplify new regulation
- advice relating to financial relations between Queensland and the Commonwealth
- advice in relation to water reform, economic policy, carbon pricing, economic regulation, competition policy and the Competition and Consumer Act 2010
- insurance expertise, specifically in the management of the state's insurable assets and liabilities together with the ongoing management of the Motor Accident Insurance Scheme.
Further information
Financial and economic policy website
Includes information about regulatory reform, inter-Governmental relations and economic policy.
Motor Accident Insurance Commission (MAIC) website
Includes information about the role of the Motor Accident Insurance Commission, the Nominal Defendant, and Queensland's Compulsory Third Party (CTP) scheme.
Queensland Government Insurance Fund website
Includes information about the Government's self-insurance fund and the advice, products and services it provides to Queensland Government agencies.
Queensland statistics website
Provides access to Queensland statistics, including regional profiles, thematic maps and a range of statistical and economic publications.
Last reviewed 4 July 2013


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I only spent 1 night in this hotel - thank goodness. On arrival, the gentleman at reception was very surly and only seemed to be interested in getting a scan of my passport instead of welcoming a client. The room I had was old and badly in need of a good paint job and renovation. The curtains were really flimsy... More
- Also Known As:
- Pushkar Palace Hotel Pushkar
- Palace Hotel Pushkar
- Pushkar Palace Hotel
- Official Description (provided by the hotel):
- Hotel Pushkar Palace has well appointed 48 Super Deluxe Rooms and 5 Suites with all facilities in the rooms. Hotel has two floors, most of the rooms including all suites are overlooking the lake and has garden view.Spacious Air Conditioned rooms for single, double, triple and family accommodation are available with satellite television, telephone and minibar. Quality mattresses and linen are being used to make the stay more comfortable. Each room has different period furniture, frescoes, family portraits and decoration of old paintings, which create a great ambience. ... more less
- Reservation Options:
- TripAdvisor is proud to partner with MakeMyTrip so you can book your Hotel Pushkar Palace reservations with confidence. We help millions of travellers each month to find the perfect hotel for both holiday and business trips, always with the best discounts and special offers.


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Samuel "Sam" Palmisano, former chairman of International Business Machines Corp. (IBM), gestures as he speaks during the Asia-Global Dialogue conference in Hong Kong, China, on Friday, Dec. 6, 2013. The Asia-Global Dialogue conference concludes today. Photographer: Jerome Favre/Bloomberg *** Local Caption *** Sam Palmisano
Content engaging our readers now, with additional prominence accorded if the story is rapidly gaining attention. Our WSJ algorithm comprises 30% page views, 20% Facebook, 20% Twitter, 20% email shares and 10% comments.
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Disaster Assistance:
Information on FEMA's Post 9/11 Public Assistance to the New York City Area
GAO-03-926, Aug 29, 2003
Additional Materials:
- Highlights Page:
- Accessible Text:
The terrorist attacks on New York City created the most costly disaster in U.S. history. In response, the President pledged at least $20 billion in aid to the city. Approximately $7.4 billion of this aid is being provided through the Federal Emergency Management Agency's (FEMA) public assistance program, which provides grants to state and local governments to respond to and recover from disasters. The Senate Committee on the Environment and Public Works requested that GAO determine (1) what activities FEMA supported in the New York City area through its public assistance program after the terrorist attacks; (2) how the federal government's response to this terrorist event differed from FEMA's traditional approach to providing public assistance in past disasters; and (3) what implications FEMA's public assistance approach in the New York City area may have on the delivery of public assistance should other major terrorist attacks occur in the future.
FEMA has supported many activities through its $7.4 billion in public assistance-related funding to the New York City area. Activities funded include grants to state and local governments for emergency response, such as debris removal, and permanent work, such as the repair of disaster-damaged public facilities. FEMA also provided public assistance-related funding specifically directed by Congress that would not otherwise have been eligible for assistance (e.g. reimbursing costs of instructional time for students who lost school time after the terrorist attacks). The major uses for this funding are as follows: $1.7 billion for debris removal operations and insurance; $2.8 billion to repair and upgrade the transportation infrastructure of Lower Manhattan; $0.6 billion to the New York City Police and Fire Departments for such purposes as emergency efforts and replacing destroyed vehicles; $0.3 billion to miscellaneous city agencies for a wide range of activities (e.g., instructional time for students and building cleaning); $0.7 billion for non-New York City agencies for many purposes (e.g. office relocations and repair of damaged buildings); and $1.2 billion available on June 30, 2003, for public assistance-related reimbursements to New York City and state (work to be decided). The provision of public assistance to the New York City area differed in three significant ways from FEMA's traditional approach. FEMA and New York City officials agreed that FEMA's public assistance approach in the New York City area creates uncertainties regarding the delivery of public assistance in the event of another major terrorist event. They differed on the effectiveness of using the public assistance program as currently authorized as the vehicle for federal disaster response to a future major terrorist event. Key New York City officials said that the program needed major revisions, while FEMA officials said it worked well along with the congressional prerogative to provide additional assistance. Nevertheless, FEMA has begun to consider ways to redesign the program to make it better able to address all types and sizes of disasters, including terrorist attacks.
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Ten new apps arrive for Chromecast - and more are coming
The Chromecast is getting more useful by the day with new media apps appearing. But the biggest improvement, screen casting from the latest Android devices, is still waiting to go on stage.
All things network from Web browsers to wireless networking to IPv6 with your host, and long-time networking hand, Steven J. Vaughan-Nichols.
Steven J. Vaughan-Nichols, aka sjvn, has been writing about technology and the business of technology since CP/M-80 was the cutting edge PC operating system. SJVN covers networking, Linux, open source, and operating systems.
The Chromecast is getting more useful by the day with new media apps appearing. But the biggest improvement, screen casting from the latest Android devices, is still waiting to go on stage.
The Linux Foundation will be guiding consumer electronic players to one, universally compatible system of the Internet of Things.
It seems the NSA gets everywhere, including such popular multi-player online games as Blizzard's World of Warcraft.
Some people wonder what in the world they'd do with a Chromecast. Friends, there are a lot of great things you can do with a Chromecast besides watching funny cat videos on your 42-inch HDTV.
I watch TV via the Internet every day. Here are my top device choices for cordcutters.
Ready to cut the cord to your cable company? As the holiday season approaches, here are the best Internet to TV device choices – for yourself or your gifting pleasure.
Mozilla, the open-source Web browser group behind Firefox, doesn't appear to have much to do with Google until you look at the bottom line. There, you'll find that 90 percent of Mozilla's revenue comes from Google.
Virtual desktops have always been a tough sell in business, but now Amazon is giving it a try with its Amazon WorkSpaces. Can Amazon do for the virtual desktop what it already did for the cloud?
According to Sandvine, real-time video and audio entertainment traffic takes up most of the Internet's bandwidth.
UPDATE: Facebook reports the problem has been fixed. No, it wasn't your imagination, Facebook was having trouble... again.


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Economies of Scale (Encyclopedia of Small Business)
Economies of scale refer to economic efficiencies that result from carrying out a process (such as production or sales) on a larger and larger scale. The resulting economic efficiencies are usually measured in terms of the unit costs incurred as the volume of the relevant operation increases. "Scale economies can be present in nearly every function of a business, including manufacturing, purchasing, research and development, marketing, service network, sales force utilization, and distribution," wrote Michael E. Porter, author of Competitive Strategy. "Scale economies may relate to an entirely functional area, as in the case of a sales force, or they may stem from particular operations or activities that are part of a functional area."
Many small business operations are of insufficient size to utilize economies of scale to major strategic advantage, though there are instances in which even smaller businesses can use such economic efficiencies to gain an edge over startup competitors. Indeed, John Pearson and Joel Wisner noted in Industrial Management that "since company productivity is generally defined as a ratio of output to input (for example, revenues divided by costs) management strategies for improving productivity have usually included some form of cost-reduction effort," of which economies of scale is often an essential element. In other words, even the smallest company can make itself healthier by improving its economy of scale. In competitive terms, however, small businesses often find that economies of scale are most visible as a weapon utilized by their larger competitors as a barrier to market entry.
As noted above, the concept of economies of scale has been used in a wide range of business operations, including sales and marketing, Most often, however, discussions of economies of scale have centered around manufacturing, equipment, and facility management areas. Howard J. Weiss and Mark E. Gershon, authors of Production and Operations Management, separated economies of scale into two typesonstruction and operations. "The construction economy of scale is that construction costs rise less than proportionately to building size," they wrote. The operating economy of scale, meanwhile, is based on the idea that "for any given facility size, there is an optimal operating level that minimizes the cost per unit Consider the fact that two plants will require a duplication of resources, whereas one large plant may not. This is the operating economy of scale."
But researchers have also distinguished economies of scale by other criteria. Pearson and Wisner separated economies of scale into "learning" and "volume" segments. "Learning economies of scale include labor and organizational production and planning advancements that accrue with time throughout the company's transformation process," they explained. "A company's learning curve provides an opportunity to identify and forecast supply costs, transformation costs, and finished product costs. Learning curves identify the rate a business has historically reduced the real, value-added, per-unit cost of its products. The ability of a company to continue this cost-reduction trend gives an indication of the adequacy of existing production cost-cutting or value-enhancing procedures and proposals. If a company connot continue to cut product costs or increase value sufficiently over the long run while maintaining satisfactory levels of quality, it stands a good chance of being priced out of the industry by competitors."
Volume economies of scale, meanwhile, are described by Pearson and Wisner as episodes wherein increases in product capacity produce lower unit costs by making additions to plant, equipment, labor force, or other facilities. While these additions to capacity generally produce upturns in fixed costs, these added production expenses are covered by improvements in per unit costs.
Flint, Perry. "Is Bigger Better?" Air Transport World. March 1998.
Pearson, John N., and Joel D. Wisner. "Using Volume and Economies of Scale to Benefit Long-Term Productivity." Industrial Management. November-December 1993.
Porter, Michael E. Competitive Strategy: Techniques for Analyzing Industries and Competitors. Free Press, 1980.
Potter, Donald V. "Scale Matters." Across the Board. July 2000.
Reynolds, R.L. "Policy Choices and Economies of Scale." Journal of Economic Issues. December 1983.
Weiss, Howard J., and Mark E. Gershon. Production and Operations Management. Allyn and Bacon, 1989.
Economies of Scale (Encyclopedia of Business)
Economies of scale is a concept that arises in the context of production of a good or service, and other similar activities undertaken by a business or nonbusiness organization. "Economies of scale" refers to economic efficiency that results from carrying out a process (such as production or sales) on a larger and larger scale. The resulting economic efficiencies are usually measured in terms of the costs incurred as the scale of the relevant operation increases. Partly based on Edwin Mansfield's Principles of Microeconomics, important elements of economies of scale, necessary to gain a basic understanding of the concept, are briefly discussed in what follows.
In order to gain a reasonable understanding of economies of scale, one needs to understand a few concepts, related to the production process. These are: the production function, fixed and variable inputs, and average costs.
Production of a product (or a set of products) is generally based on a technological relationshipmounts of certain factors of production (inputs) are converted into a product based on some technological constraints. The technological relationship is termed by economists as the "production function." In more technical terms, the production function can be defined as the function that shows the most output that existing technology permits the manufacturing firm to extract from each quantity of inputs. The production function thus summarizes the characteristics of existing technology at a given time. This concept can be illustrated with the help of an example. Suppose Better Steel Corporation decides to produce a certain quantity of steel. It can do so in many different ways. It can choose from among available technological choices: it can use open-hearth furnaces, basic oxygen furnaces, or electric furnaces. Similarly, Better Steel Corporation can choose from various types of iron ore and coal. Given that Better Steel has decided to produce a certain quantity of steel, which production technique will it use; that is, what particular combination of inputs will it decide on? An economist's answer to this question is: the one that minimizes the firm's costs and maximizes its profits.
Given that a technology has been chosen, in general, as inputs used in the production of a commodity increase the total output increases as well. It is useful to understand different kinds of inputs.
Primarily, there are two kinds of inputsixed and variable. A plant and a factory shed are examples of fixed inputs (or factors) of production. These inputs are called "fixed" inputs as the quantities needed of these inputs remain fixed, up to point, as the quantity produced of the product (the output) increases. Using the steel industry as an example, a blast furnace used in producing steel is considered a fixed inputetter Steel Corporation can produce more steel by using more raw materials, and get more production out of the existing blast furnace. It should be noted that fixed input does remain fixed for all levels of output produced. As the scale of production increases, the existing plant may no longer suffice. Suppose that the blast furnace chosen by the steel firm can, at the very maximum, produce 100,000 tons of steel per day. If Better Steel Corporation needs to supply 150,000 tons of steel per day (on average), it has to add to capacityhat is, it has to install a new blast furnace. Thus, even a "fixed input" does not remain fixed forever. The period over which a fixed input remains fixed is called the "short run." Over the "long run," even a fixed input varies.
Inputs that vary even in the short run are called "variable" inputs. In the above example of steel manufacturing, iron ore serves as a variable input. Given the fixed input (the blast furnace in this case), increasing the quantity of the variable input (iron ore) leads to higher levels of output (steel).
For a manufacturing firm, it is not important what combination of fixed and variable inputs are used. As a firm is interested in maximizing profits, it would like to minimize costs for any given level of output produced. Thus, costs associated with inputs (both fixed and variable) are the main concern of the firm engaged in the production of a particular commodity.
A manufacturing firm, motivated by profit maximization, calculates the total cost of producing any given output level. The total cost is made up of total fixed cost (due to the expenditure on fixed inputs) and total variable cost (due to the expenditure on variable inputs). Of course, the total fixed cost does not vary over the short runnly the total variable cost does. It is important for the firm also to calculate the cost per unit of output, called the "average cost." The average cost also is made up of two componentshe average fixed cost (the total fixed cost divided by the number of units of the output) and the average variable cost (the total variable cost divided by the number of units of the output). As the fixed costs remain fixed over the short run, the average fixed cost declines as the level of production increases. The average variable cost, on the other hand, first decreases and then increasesconomists refer to this as the U-shaped nature of the average variable cost.
The U-shape of the average variable cost (curve) occurs because, given the fixed inputs, output of the relevant product increases more than proportionately as the levels of variable inputs used increasehis is caused by increased efficiency due to specialization and other reasons. As more and more variable inputs are used in conjunction with the given fixed inputs, however, efficiency gains reach a maximumhe decline in the average variable cost eventually comes to a halt. After this point, the average variable cost starts increasing as the level of production continues to increase, given the fixed inputs. First decreasing and then increasing average variable cost leads to the U-shape for the average variable cost (curve). The combination of the declining average fixed cost (true for the entire range of production) and the U-shaped average variable cost results in the U-shaped behavior of the average total cost (curve), often simply called the average costs.
Economies of scale are defined in terms of the average cost per unit of output produced. When the average cost is declining, the producer of the product under consideration is reaping efficiency gains due to economies of scale. So long as the average cost of production is declining the firm has an obvious advantage in increasing the output level (provided, there is demand for the product). Ideally, the firm would like to be at the minimum average cost point. However, in the short run, the firm may have to produce at an output level that is higher than the one that yields the minimum average total cost.
When a firm has to add to production capacity in the long run, this may be done by either duplicating an existing fixed input (for instance, a plant) or increasing the size of the plant. Usually, as the plant size increases, a firm is able to achieve a new minimum average cost point (lower than the minimum average cost achieved with the previous smaller capacity) plant. For example, in the case of Better Steel Corporation, the average cost per ton of steel at the minimum average cost point with the larger blast furnace may be 20 percent less than the average cost at the minimum average cost point with smaller blast furnace. Thus, in the long run, a firm may keep switching to larger and larger plants, successively reducing the average cost. One should, however, be warned that due to technological constraints the average cost is assumed to start rising at some output level even in the long runhat is, the average cost curve is U-shaped even in the long run.
Therefore, while looking at the average cost per unit of output is the key to understanding economies of scale, it is useful to remember that the average cost declines up to a point in the short run, and it may decline even more in the long run (also up to a point), as higher and higher levels of output are produced.
It is interesting to examine how economies of scale lead to market forms such as oligopoly and monopoly, provide a reason for engaging in foreign trade, and are a factor in generating productivity gains. The existence of economies of scale in certain industries can lead to oligopolistic market structures in those industries. An oligopoly is a market form in which there are only a few sellers of similar products. Low costs of production (cost per unit or the average cost) can only be achieved if a firm is producing an output level that constitutes a substantial portion of the total available market. This, in turn, leads to a rather small number of firms in the industry, each supplying a sizable portion of the total market demand. In addition, economies of scale in production are often accompanied by economies of scale in sales promotion for the product under consideration, further strengthening the emergence of an oligopolistic structure in the industry.
The automobile industry has long been considered a good example of an industry that demonstrates economies of scale in production in the United States. According to a study by Joe Bain of the University of California, an automobile plant of a minimum efficient size can supply roughly 10 percent of the total automobile demand of the domestic market. Thus, it is not economical to have a large number of automobile firms. It is conceivable that the U.S. auto industry can possibly have about ten firms or so, and still not lose productive efficiencyhat is, the industry will, even with ten firms, be able to produce at the technologically feasible minimum average cost. However, the U.S. automobile industry can simply not afford to have 50 or 100 firms due to economies of scale. The U.S. automobile industry also provides a good example of an industry that experiences economies of scale in sales promotion. Sales advertising for automobiles can be considered in a manner similar to actually producing automobiles. For an effective advertising campaign, the sales promotion must be done on a large scale. As the scale of advertising increases, the advertising cost per unit of output (advertising cost per automobile in this example) declines, at least up to a certain level of output. In addition, buyers of cars generally like to deal with a firm that has a large and dependable network of dealers. Establishing a large and dependable dealership requires a lot of money. Since dealers are also attracted to more reputable and popular brands, smaller automobile manufacturers are put at a considerable disadvantage in the battle for better dealers.
Economies of scale can also lead to a monopoly, a market structure in which there is only one seller of a particular product. As explained earlier, in economies of scale the average cost per unit of output declines as the level of production is increased. If the average cost of producing the product reaches a minimum at such an output level that it is large enough to satisfy the product demand of the entire market (at a price that leads to at least some profits), a firm that is supplying this product may become a monopolist. In such a case where that firm is experiencing economies of scale, it has an obvious incentive to keep expanding production until it produces enough to meet all of the market demand for the productn the face of falling average cost of the product, it would be hard to come to any other conclusion but to expand production (provided that there are no legal impediments). Therefore, competition can simply not be maintained in such a case. Even if there are a number of firms in the industry, each firm will have the same natural desire to expandn economic warfare is most likely to result under such circumstances. The most likely ultimate outcome of the economic rivalry will be the survival of a single winning firm, now a monopolist.
Cases where economies of scale lead to a monopolistic market structure are considered examples of "natural monopolies." There are many reasons why a monopoly may emerge. When a monopoly emerges due to economies of scale, it is considered defensible on the basis of the cost efficiency that it generates. However, since a monopolist may engage in an unfair pricing policy (due to lack of competition in the industry), the public often insists that the monopolist's pricing behavior be regulated by government.
The electric power industry provides an example of an industry that experiences economies of scale to such an extent as to lead to a natural monopoly. This industry experiences great economies of scale, with rapidly decreasing average costs of producing electrical energy. Fuel consumed per kilowatt hour of electric power is lower in larger-size power-generating plants. In addition, there are economies in combining generating units at a single location, rather than have them spread over different sites. Because of these factors, the propensity toward natural monopoly is great. As a result, there has been very little attempt to force competition in the electric power industry, since it would be economically wasteful. Instead, the government regulates a monopolist producer of electrical power in each area.
It should be noted that the fact that an industry experiences economies of scale (declining average costs of production) does not imply that it will necessarily lead to a monopoly. The likelihood that the average cost per unit of output will decline up to a point that can satisfy the entire market demand depends also on the size of the market. The smaller the market, the more likely it is to lead to a natural monopoly. The case for the European Common Market was, at least partially, based on the premise that integrating markets across Europe would lead to great economies of scale in production. This, in turn, would make them more competitive internationally, and benefit the European consumers who would also benefit from lower average costs (as these would translate into lower retail prices paid by them).
Participating in foreign trade is considered an important way to reap advantages of unrealized potential of economies of scale. Usually, foreign trade is based on specializationach country specializing in production of goods and services in which it has the comparative advantage. With the possibility of the benefits from economies of scale, there are advantages in engaging in specialization and foreign trade even if there is no difference among countries with respect to the economic efficiency with which they produce goods and services. As an example, suppose that a country may experience economies of scale in producing a particular commodity (for instance, steel). However, this country is producing this commodity at such a low output level that the average cost per unit of the output is high. Due to the high average cost it does not have the comparative advantage in exporting this product to foreign countries. Now, assume that this country specializes in production of this commodity and exports to another country. The other country does the samet specializes in the production of another product (say, aluminum) and exports to the first country. Thus, the first country specializes in the production of steel and the second country specializes in the production of aluminum. If economies of scale exist in both steel and aluminum industries, firms can serve the combined markets of both countries and supply both goods at lower prices (assuming some of the advantages of lower costs are passed on) than if they only reach their respective domestic markets. This is a major argument for an international economic association such as the European Common Market.
In addition to the pure economies of scale in production, there are "economies of scale" in learning associated with specialization in the foreign trade context. In this the average cost per unit goes down as economic efficiencies increase due to learning. In the aircraft and machine tool industries, manufacturers are well aware of reductions in average costs due to learning. It has been estimated that the average cost per unit of new machine tools tends to decline by 20 percent each time the cumulated output is doubled, due to improvement in efficiency through learning by individuals and organizations. In an industry where learning is an important factor in causing economies of scale, there are advantages in one country specializing in the production of that product. In such a case, specialization can reduce average costs and retail prices to lower levels than if each nation attempts to be self-sufficient in the products subject to economies of scale in learning.
Productivity gains (increase in output per unit of labor) are crucial to the economic growth of a nation. John Kendrick in Understanding Productivity: An Introduction to the Dynamics of Productivity Change analyzes the productivity gains in the United States in detail, and mentions economies of scale as one of the important factors.
Economies of scale accompany economic growth as increasing specialization of workers, machines, plants, and firms occurs and as certain kinds of overhead functions (such as financial management) do not need to expand at the same rate as the growth in output. These generate cost savings as output expands. Furthermore, it is easier to innovate when the production capacity is increased rather than when the capacity is being replaced. Thus, a growth in production contributes to productivity gains through economies of scale and associated reductions in costs and prices.
Kendrick does, however, point out that the optimal rate of economic growth is determined by factors other than economies of scale, particularly the saving and investment propensity of the community (economy). As a result, a nation should not attempt to accelerate productivity gains (through economies of scale) by accelerating economic growth above the rate that is considered to be the optimal economic growth rate for that country. Nonetheless, Kendrick's analysis suggests that policy makers should attempt to achieve a steadier, higher economic growth rate since they will produce greater economies of scale. It must, however, be noted that the favorable effect of economies of scale accompanying economic growth would be partially offset by a decline in the average quality of land and other natural resources that are used in production processes. Kendrick, nevertheless, expects the net effect of economies of scale on productivity gains to be positive.
SEE ALSO: Corporate Growth; Economies of Scope
[Anandi P. Sahu Ph.D.]
Bain, Joe S. Barriers to New Competition: Their Character and Consequences in Manufacturing Industries (Reprints of Economic Classics). Augustus M. Kelley Publishers, 1993. Kendrick, John H. Understanding Productivity: An Introduction to the Dynamics of Productivity Change. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1977.
Mansfield, Edwin. Essential Microeconomics: Principles, Cases, Problems. W.W. Norton & Company, 1998. Mansfield, Edwin. Microeconomics: Theory/Applications. 9th ed. W.W. Norton & Company, 1997.
Source: Encyclopedia of Business, ©2000 Gale Cengage. All Rights Reserved. Full copyright.
Source: Encyclopedia of Small Business, ©2002 Gale Cengage. All Rights Reserved. Full copyright.


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Wooden rustic interiors and all mod cons in simple but comfortable rooms. Ask for a room on the second floor (the views are probably better). Unfortunate smokey smell in an allegedly "non-smoking room" only distraction. Plentiful breakfast in morning and friendly advice on places of interest to visit. I would return, but only if the rooms were really smoke-free.
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We stayed at the Alakai 9-13-9-15 and we had another niice stay. The room was very clean and it was nice and quiet after a busy weekend in the dells for the fest. We would recommend Alakai to anyone who asked.
- Also Known As:
- Alakai Hotel Wisconsin Dells
- Alakai Hotel


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Tens of millions of professionals are following more than a million companies on LinkedIn. Having a fully optimized and professional LinkedIn company page will showcase your business in the most professional light to job seekers, employees, potential customers, purchasing managers, current clients, and interested observers. A LinkedIn Company Page is your brands interface to the professional social world and presents an opportunity to engage, grow and reveal the human side of your company…all while providing a peek at the individuals behind your brand and products. (more…)


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FULTON -- A Fulton man accused of growing marijuana was also found in possession of a stun gun.
Deputies say they arrested 47-year-old Craig A. Bradley following a marijuana eradication detail in August in the Town of Palermo.
Deputies say Bradley was found to be in possession of a Hot Shot stun gun. He also has prior convictions including three felonies and nine misdemeanors.
Bradley is charged with felony criminal possession of a weapon, felony criminal possession of marijuana, and misdemeanor unlawful growing of cannabis.
Bradley was arraigned in the Town of Palermo Court and remanded to the Oswego County Jail with without bail due to previous convictions. He is expected back in court on September 24.
Back in 1995, Bradley was accused of stealing body parts from a cemetery. Then in 2011, he was accused of failing to pay restitution for body stealing, a felony under the Public Health Law.
Police, in 2011, said Bradley used a hammer and crowbar to break into a family mausoleum in an Oswego cemetary where he removed two human skulls from a wooden casket. Police found the skulls at Bradley's home in Black Walnut trailer park.
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Student Forms First year students will find the required research and community service contracts and logs. The contracts are due at the beginning of the year while the logs are due when the hours have been completed. Make sure you return these to Barbara Passudetti in Marillac SB36. Before beginning your dissertation all students should be sure to check the dissertation procedures. Several dissertation forms are available here and for any additional forms please visit the Dean's website. Third and Fourth year students will find the instructions for using the School Psychology Service Delivery Analyzer (SPSDA) which is used to keep track of externship hours. SPSDA is also available to be downloaded. The monthly totals (table and pie chart) are due to Barbara Passudetti in Marillac SB36 the first week after the end of the month for the previous month. They must be signed by the student and the supervisor. Hours do not count for forms that are not returned on time. Students are required to complete at least 750 hours each year on externship.
Fourth year students will find the application for 5th year internship.General Information for Students School psychologists are eligible for loan forgiveness after working in a public school setting for ten years. Please see the information provided by NASP. All entering students receive a student handbook and should take the time to carefully read through them. Students are responsible for knowing all information and for following all the procedures contained in their respective handbook. Information such as course sequence, planning forms, program philosophies, program policies, evaluation forms, contracts, and much more can be found in the handbooks. Please note that each entering class has their own handbook.
Doctor of Psychology Handbook
Penn State publishes a Directory of Internships for Doctoral Students in School Psychology every year, and the one for the 2010-2011 internship year can be found here.
Finding Psychological Measures and Manipulations
Psychology Licensing Resources
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Brave (PG)
Time Out rating:
Time Out says
Tue Aug 7 2012
With past achievements including the 'Toy Story' trilogy, 'Finding Nemo' and 'Wall-E', Pixar has pushed the envelope for digital animation so many times that there's a tiny bit of disappointment involved when its latest offering turns out to be merely really good rather than an absolute knockout. True, it does offer the company's first female heroine, a tomboy-ish medieval Scots princess, Merida (delightfully voiced by Kelly Macdonald). But its blend of warrior adventure, parental bonding, scary bits and cute hi-jinks leans more to established, slightly predictable Disney formulae than usual. 'McMulan', anyone?
All that being so, 'Brave' remains enjoyable on so many levels that it's almost churlish to grumble. It's grounded in authentic emotional conflict, for one thing, as free-spirited teenager Merida fails to see why her mum, the Queen (Emma Thompson, impeccable as ever), insists on getting her married, since she'd rather be off shooting arrows than standing beside some stupid nobleman. Putting a witch's spell on her parent turns out not to be the best idea, however, as the story feeds dramatic reversals into a touching learning curve for both parties. With a compelling central thread in its favour, the rest is about decoration, showing off the incredible degree of texture the animators have achieved in detailing clothes, armoury – and ginger hair!
Yes, there's no mistaking we're in Scotland, and another surprise is the affection displayed for a nation of wild landscapes, impenetrable accents and volatile personalities. With a super voice cast – including Billy Connolly and Kevin McKidd – clearly having a ball, there's a degree of knockabout in the air, but no sense of shortbread-tin tweeness. No, not another Pixar classic, but for full-on family fun it's a brave effort.
Author: Trevor Johnston
Release details
UK release:
Mon Aug 13, 2012
100 mins
Reviews & ratings
عالی بود عالی ...من Ú©Ù‡ تا به Øال یه همچین Ù�یلمی ندیده بودم
دمشون گرمmorteza Sat Nov 24 2012 -
goooooooooooooooooood filmmmmmmmmmmmm.
nicole Thu Sep 27 2012 -
Great mother-and-daughter movie.
I loved this film because instead of the usual evil, unreal villain it featured a common, very real family conflict, which is handled in a very intelligent way.
I also enjoyed Merida as the main character, a breath of fresh air!Frannie Wed Sep 19 2012Rated as: 4/5 -
The film is very interesting, it's great for kids as it teaches them to be careful of what they wish for. I also think it can bring the family together, espeacially mother and daughter as this is what the film is mainly about. I also love how it's based in Scotland. It's also quite funny. You will enjoy this.
TTHAPPY Sun Sep 16 2012Rated as: 4/5 -
Not a patch on the flagship Pixar films ... but that really doesnt matter because the youngsters will still like it.
ARCHGATE Tue Aug 21 2012 -
P.s my mistake I give the film 5 stars
Cj Tue Aug 21 2012Rated as: 5/5 -
I agree with john...Ian get a life. U have disected a kids film, well done u. Its not schizophrenic and not racial thats just u being over sensitive and anal :) ...theres always one eh
Cj Tue Aug 21 2012Rated as: 4/5 -
Great kids film with lots of likeable characters. As for Ian on a previous review, get a life you sad boy
John Sun Aug 19 2012Rated as: 5/5 -
Did I watch a different film to everyone else?
Firstly Chapman, who also wrote the script, didn't direct the film she was removed by Pixar and replaced. The credits show two directors and a co-Director which probably tells you all you need to know about the film. It has the look of a compromise with the co-director brought in as mediator between the writer and original director and the producers and replacement director.
As such it displays the scizophrenia of a film that doesn't know if it should be a childrens action movie with laughs or a feminist girl power film. Perhaps it was the thought of the latter that caused the split between writer / director and the money men in suits?
Just a thought Time Out the heroine was voiced by Kelly MacDonald and not Reece Witherspoon (who is shown in the cast list). MacDonald does a good job and Thompson does her normal professional job.
Billy Connolly plays well himself. He and the others "Lairds" are not so much characters as cliches and racial stereotypes.
I nearly fell asleep half way through. Its Ok but not great and as far as I am concerned unlucky thirteen for Pixar.Ian Sun Aug 19 2012Rated as: 2/5 -
A truly great film. The storyline is smart, the characters are likeable, and the overall presentation of animation is beautiful. Unlike most Disney princess movies, you never feel uncomfortable from corny lines or misogyny.
Talula Nixon Thu Aug 16 2012Rated as: 5/5
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by Amal Jayasinghe COLOMBO (AFP) -
Sri Lankan troops have moved closer to dismantling the Tamil Tigers' de facto state after months of heavy clashes, but the battles ahead could be even bloodier, officials and analysts say. Monsoon rains expected to intensify in the coming weeks could bog down tanks and make artillery less effective in soggy terrain, forcing both sides to engage in close combat, according to military experts.Sri Lanka has poured a record 1.5 billion dollars this year into battling the rebels, who are fighting for a separate homeland for ethnic minority Tamils, with the aim of crushing the insurgency by the middle of next year.
The number of rebels killed since January has risen to 6,395, according to government figures. The military says 616 soldiers have died in the same period in a conflict that has claimed tens of thousands of lives since 1972.Security forces announced last week they were 12 kilometres (7.5 miles) south of their objective -- capturing the rebel political capital of Kilinochchi in the north. But fighting has intensified as the rebels put up stiff resistance.Gotabhaya Rajapakse, the younger brother of President Mahinda Rajapakse and the key figure guiding the battle against the rebels, said security forces were confident of progress.
"The army commander (Lieutenant general Sarath Fonseka) said it is possible to go to Kilinochchi by December," Rajapakse told the Sinhalese Language Sunday Divaina newspaper.Ranil Wijayapala, defence expert for the state-run Daily News, said troops suffered a "temporary setback" last week, but were on course to dismantle the mini state of the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE).The rebels have remained silent about the military claims, but tacitly admitted they had lost ground to advancing troops along several fronts in the vast northern Wanni region, parts of which are under their control.Writing his weekly analysis, Wijayapala said clashes could get intense as troops move closer to the heart of Kilinochchi and Mullaittivu, a north-eastern coastal area where the Tigers are known to have major military installations.Last week, the military took the rebel town of Mallavi, but attempts at further advances were met with heavy resistance, according to reports by both sides.
"Domination of the well-known Mallavi town... marked one more decisive and impressive phase of the 'war for peace,'" the defence ministry said in a statement.The guerrillas hit back elsewhere, using two light aircraft to bomb a government naval facility in the northeast, killing four people and wounding 10, according to defence officials.Retired army brigadier general Vipul Boteju said the military had the upper hand in the latest fighting, but they should move into Kilinochchi before monsoon rains get worse.Kilinochchi was under government control in late 1999 when the Tigers launched a successful fightback.
Land captured by security forces after 19 months was lost in five days following ferocious counterattacks.Boteju said the military appeared to be adopting better tactics this time to avoid history repeating itself.However, another analyst who declined to be named said government forces needed more men to hold the territories being captured and that guarding the gains was becoming a challenge.
He said the Tigers still had the ability to stage their trademark suicide attacks. A string of bombings targeting public transport last month was blamed on the Tigers.
(Courtesy : Yahoo )


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November 14, 2011Health Tip: Make Your Garage Safer (HealthDay News) -- The garage can be a prime spot for falls, accidents and injuries. But the U.S. Home Safety Council suggests how you can create a safer garage: Health Tip: Protect Your Hearing (HealthDay News) -- Prolonged exposure to loud noise can cause permanent hearing loss. So if you're exposed to loud noise on the job or at home, the American Academy of Family Physicians suggests how you can protect your hearing: Regular Teeth Cleanings Could Cut Heart Attack Risk: Study SUNDAY, Nov. 13 (HealthDay News) -- People who visit the dentist regularly to have their teeth cleaned may lower their risk for heart attack or stroke, new research suggests. Babies Put on Transplant List Before Birth Get Hearts Faster SUNDAY, Nov. 13 (HealthDay News) -- Unborn babies diagnosed with severe heart problems who are put on the heart transplant list before birth get new hearts more quickly than babies listed after birth, according to a new study. 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Exposure to Toxic Solvents Linked to Parkinson's Disease MONDAY, Nov. 14 (HealthDay News) -- Exposure to the industrial solvent trichloroethylene (TCE) appears to greatly increase the risk of Parkinson's disease, and exposure to two other solvents also boosts the chances of developing the neurodegenerative disorder, a new study indicates. Intensive Control of Type 1 Diabetes Helps Kidneys: Study SATURDAY, Nov. 12 (HealthDay News) -- People with type 1 diabetes who maintain tighter control of their blood sugar levels help protect their kidneys from long-term damage, finds a new study. More Heart Attack Patients Take Meds When They Are Free MONDAY, Nov. 14 (HealthDay News) -- Heart attack patients are more likely to take needed medications if they're free, U.S. researchers find. More Teens Getting Vaccines Against HPV, Other Infections: CDC MONDAY, Nov. 14 (HealthDay News) -- Although the number of teens getting three new recommended vaccines is growing, there's still room for improvement, government researchers report. Sepsis Plus Heart Rhythm Disorder Linked to Stroke, Death SUNDAY, Nov. 13 (HealthDay News) -- Patients who develop atrial fibrillation -- a heart rhythm disorder -- for the first time while they are hospitalized with severe sepsis are at increased risk for stroke and death, a new study finds. Poor Sleep May Lead to Fibromyalgia in Women MONDAY, Nov. 14 (HealthDay News) -- Sleep problems are associated with an increased risk of fibromyalgia in women, especially those who are middle-aged and older, a new study says. Warfarin May Need Less Monitoring for Some MONDAY, Nov. 14 (HealthDay News) -- Most people taking the blood-thinner warfarin need blood tests every four weeks to make sure they're receiving the right dose of medication, but new research suggests that some people could safely have those tests done just once every 12 weeks. Blood Thinner Xarelto Shows Promise for Heart Patients SUNDAY, Nov. 13 (HealthDay News) -- When added to standard treatment, a new blood-thinning drug called Xarelto (rivaroxaban) may help people with "acute coronary syndrome" lower their risk of death, subsequent heart attack or stroke, a new study finds. Study Suggests Exercise May Help Memory of Fibromyalgia Patients SUNDAY, Nov. 13 (HealthDay News) -- Fibromyalgia patients who stopped taking medication and then exercised regularly for six weeks reported improved memory function and less pain, according to a small, new study. Sugar-Sweetened Drinks May Pose Heart Risks to Women, Study Suggests SUNDAY, Nov. 13 (HealthDay News) -- Drinking two or more sugar-sweetened beverages a day may boost a woman's risk for developing heart disease and diabetes -- even if this habit isn't causing her to pack on extra pounds, a new study says. Too Few Doctors Screen Young Athletes for Hidden Heart Trouble SUNDAY, Nov. 13 (HealthDay News) -- Tragic stories appear in the media about seemingly healthy young athletes dying on the playing field due to an undetected heart problem. Shot Might One Day Help Lower Cholesterol MONDAY, Nov. 14 (HealthDay News) -- Preliminary research suggests that a single injection of a man-made protein might lower levels of "bad" cholesterol. Health Highlights: Nov. 14, 2011 Here are some of the latest health and medical news developments, compiled by the editors of HealthDay: Shock Fear May Curb Sex for People With Heart Devices MONDAY, Nov. 14 (HealthDay News) -- For people with implantable cardioverter defibrillators, the life-saving device may come at a cost: Fear of it firing a shock to the heart during sex drives some to avoid lovemaking altogether. Experimental Drug for Irregular Heart Rhythm Raises Death Risk: Study MONDAY, Nov. 14 (HealthDay News) -- A once-promising drug for a common and dangerous form of irregular heart rhythm actually seems to raise the odds for patient death, a new study finds. Could Women's Use of 'the Pill' Raise Men's Prostate Cancer Risk? MONDAY, Nov. 14 (HealthDay News) -- With the vast increase in the use of the contraceptive pill over the past 40 years, the amount of estrogen entering the water supply may be partly responsible for the increased incidence of prostate cancer around the world, Canadian researchers speculate. Stem Cells Show Promise in Healing Damaged Hearts MONDAY, Nov. 14 (HealthDay News) -- Efforts to use stem cells to help revitalize hearts damaged by heart attack got a boost from three studies presented Monday at the annual meeting of the American Heart Association. Supreme Court to Rule on Obama's Health Care Reform MONDAY, Nov. 14 (HealthDay News) -- The U.S. Supreme Court agreed on Monday to hear challenges to President Barack Obama's health reform legislation, with a decision expected in June on whether some parts of the controversial initiative are constitutional. Drinking Risky for Women With Family History of Breast Cancer: Study MONDAY, Nov. 14 (HealthDay News) -- Drinking alcohol may be especially risky for young women who have a strong family history of breast cancer, including having mothers, grandmothers or aunts with the disease, a new study suggests. Breast Cancer Chemo Tied to Memory Troubles MONDAY, Nov. 14 (HealthDay News) -- Researchers have homed in on which parts of the brain seem to be involved in "chemo brain," the memory problems and other impairments that often accompany chemotherapy treatments for breast cancer. |
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Animal Diaries Archive
2004 - may june july august september october november december
Profile Of Fat-Boy The Komodo Dragon
13 August 2004
SPECIES: Komodo Dragon (Varanus komodoensis)NAME: Fat-boy
Fat-boy is our second largest dragon and is the neighbour of Ora, Lulu and Alice . He lives in his own little world and enjoys his own company. He is a lot like an eccentric old man, due to his stubbornness and his extreme curiosity of anything different happening around him. If anything is modified within his home he wastes no time in thoroughly checking it out. Deep down though, he is also a softie at heart.


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Good enough for the general civ5 forum, not good enough for the review contest
Let's be serious, guys. Civ V is a shitty game and Gods & Kings will just be icing on the turd. The creation of this subforum is literally the most ridiculous thing that has ever happened on Apolyton. Go back to playing Civ IV already.
Good enough for the general civ5 forum, not good enough for the review contest
Formerly known as "CyberShy"
Carpe Diem tamen Memento Mori
Why should people waste their time writing honest reviews if they are going to be deleted without any explanation.
Quendelie axan!
Wiglaf (June 29, 2012)
Cheating scumbag.
You just wasted six ... no, seven ... seconds of your life reading this sentence.
"Our scientific power has out run out spiritual power. We have guided missiles and misguided men." - Martin Luther King Jr.
"A cynical, mercenary, demagogic press will produce in time a people as base as itself." - Joseph Pulitzer
Wiglaf's review wasn't deleted, it was even placed in the spotlight (where it as far as I know still is available).
Later on though Wiglaf edited his original review and placed all kinds of stuff in it, clearly to troll. One of the mods then deleted it from the forum.
It was a very creative way of trolling, so I could absolutely smile about it, but it had nothing to do with the contest.
I think it's a pitty that he destroyed his own review b/c I thought it was a good review, eventhough I didn't agree with all of it.
Formerly known as "CyberShy"
Carpe Diem tamen Memento Mori
You mean the one that's still being featured in the spotlight? That one hasn't been deleted.
Formerly known as "CyberShy"
Carpe Diem tamen Memento Mori
Seriously, the tactical AI is hilarious now. I played a game where I put a citadel near an enemy city, and they never attacked it. Their army just kept losing hit points before disbanding, no doubt terrorized by my fearsome and totally unoccupied fortress. I didn't get a negative diplo modifier for this, though a "-5 You Have Broken Our AI Subroutines!" would not even be in the top 5 of the most ridiculous diplomatic penalties this turd of a game awards.
Last edited by Wiglaf; June 29, 2012 at 10:30. Reason: -3 WE TRIED SPYING ON YOU, AND YOU TOLD US TO STOP!
I don't understand the haters. Sure Civ V left a lot to be desired. However, G&K fixed it plus. If you haven't tried it stop complaining. Frankly, I don't understand why you waste everyone's time. If you don't like the game get over it and stop coming to the forum that is only about the game.
I think this is my third post in this forum in six months or so. And I have played the game -- not sure why you think I haven't "tried it." Bizarre. My post was about the game, yours was argumentative.
Actually Wiglaf, my post was not directed at you. Rather the two or three people that have done nothing but post negative posts for the last couple months. They admit they haven't tried, but they want to critizize it. Your opinion is valid and I apoligize that you thought i was trying to be argumentative with you.
Sorry for the misunderstanding
I agree that AI is not good at combat. I was standing with a machine gun an and one infantry next to an ennemy city. The AI had a rifleman next to the city too. The AI then decided to attack the one barbarian warrior that was a bit further away (the city and the rifleman attacked those and left me untouched). Off course that way conquering cities is easy...
That must be something that can be fixed I think. It is a matter of prioritizing potential targets and attack the ones with the highest threat priority...
It would be almost impossible to fix as everyone has different priorities and would never agree. In your scenerio, if the barb was about to destroy a resource the AI needed and they had reinforcements coming, it might have been the correct move. Of course, I know that wasn't true, but just an example of logic that some might think leads to poor decisions by the AI. As long as things work correctly, I will work around the design choices made by firaxis.
The way it works is, you can now build Citadels in enemy territory, so long as their territory is adjacent to yours. You can effectively claim new territory with a citadel. And the territory is toxic to AI units nearby, in their own territory, by a margin of -20 HP per turn. And the AI is oblivious to this incursion, both strategically and tactically. They do not tell you to stop. Even if they declare war on you for unrelated reasons, they do not attack the citadel and prefer instead to use their cities and nearby units to attack barbarians, or to just idle nearby. Presumably, the AI reasons that each unit has a low chance of success against the citadel (which is true, but besides the point, since multiple units could easily overrun the citadel), so it prefers instead to target weaker adjacent units -- at a substantial health cost per turn. The AI does build its own citadels, but usually leaves them empty and unguarded and places them far from choke points. Ed Beach
Speaking of the AI, I approve of this takedown: http://forums.civfanatics.com/showthread.php?t=466406
Can you get overlapping fields of fire from multiple citadels and turn the enemy's backyard into a WWI no man's land? That might almost be fun for a little while.
1011 1100
It's worth noting played Civ 5 multiplayer last night with a friend and 5 random people. 4 of them quit within a few turns (~15 minutes of game time) after one of them made a point of calling me gay, and my friend told me today he thinks he has the flu and can't get out of bed.
It sounds like there's basically limitless potential for abuse there, especially with 1UPT. Do they at least shoot at the things if they outrange them? Can you surround your city's borders with citadels and make it utterly immune to AI assault until air units come along? How about plunking one down next to a resource and hosing down all the workers the enemy sends to claim his cow/wine/iron? Can you observe the AI's preferred naval invasion path, plunk a citadel down on convenient islands/peninsulas en route and watch unit after unit sail the gauntlet and get shot to tatters before even approaching land?
1011 1100
I have never seen a ranged attack against a unit in a citadel, even when the AI had rocket artillery and there was a rifleman in the citadel, but in fairness I only saw that situation once. Surrounding your borders with citadels is hard because you usually don't get enough citadels to do it, but if geography is on your side + you focus on great generals, it's pretty easy to develop a completely impervious border. The AI just can't intelligently get past a system citadels to get through your borders, it's really not even close to being able to handle it. I've never cut off AI access to resources with citadels, so I can't comment on that, but I'd imagine it's a good idea (I prefer to cut off their own cities). As for naval units, I haven't tried that, since I play continents maps and never have little islands where they'd need to be for this to work. I have a feeling this would not hurt the AI too much anyway since Civ5 naval units have so many movement points that they'd rarely stop by a citadel.
Ah, well. Thanks for answering all those questions. I often find you can have fun exploiting the brokenness of a game even if it sucks too much to enjoy on merit.
1011 1100
Quendelie axan!
deleted due to being double.
Last edited by MxM; July 2, 2012 at 19:04.
The whole problem with the world is that fools and fanatics are always so
certain of themselves, but wiser people so full of doubts.
-- Bertrand Russell
I do not understand what you are saying. It does not "effectively" claim new territory. It BECOMES your territory - the border changes. The hexes around citadel becomes your territory, which of course is "toxic"
As for them not telling your to stop, THEY DO!. Taking land by citadel has clear diplomatic consequences. You will see it in diplomacy tooltip that shows positives and negatives for your relation to particular civ. Even single hex that you take with citadel can screw your relationship.
The whole problem with the world is that fools and fanatics are always so
certain of themselves, but wiser people so full of doubts.
-- Bertrand Russell
You seem to be a foreign-language speaker, so I'm not going to listen to your prattle about my use of the word "effectively," which was appropriate.
I do not care that they tell you to stop taking their land. It completely decimates their entire tactical AI, which renders its diplomatic AI's attitude moot. It does no good to know you are being dominated if you don't know what to do about it.
Also, who cares about a small minus modifier for buying up their land? You probably already have a much bigger negative modifier for simply having close borders. The game is just a failure.
Last edited by Wiglaf; July 3, 2012 at 01:55. Reason: You people are effectively pedantic


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Producer Profiles
CAC Satipo - Cooperativa Agraria Cafetalera Satipo
In 1965, 50 small coffee producers from Junín, Peru came together to form the Cooperativa Agraria Cafetelera Satipo Ltda (CAC Satipo). Before the formal organization, producers relied on intermediaries for sales, who paid extremely low prices for their coffee. Communities in the area were poverty-stricken and lacked access to basic education and medical attention. By forming a cooperative, members hoped to cut out middlemen and increase profits from coffee sales and thus improve their quality of life and that of their families' and community. Since becoming Fair Trade Certified TM in 1997, CAC Satipo members have received higher and more stable prices for their coffee, as well as support for a variety of social programs benefitting their community.
Scholarships and Trainings
CAC Satipo provides scholarships to members' children and trainings to members and the community at large.
Organic Certification Assistance
CAC Satipo consistently aims to provide their organic producers with the latest information on organic cultivation, sustainability and environmental conservation. They also assist members throughout the organic certification process.
Health Care and Social Services
CAC Satipo provides members with medical care as well as access to a social services.


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Sleeping Bags - 3 Season3 Season Camping Sleeping Bags on Sale at The House. We carry the best brands such as Kelty, Coleman, Marmot, Mountain Hardwear at really low prices. These Cold Weather Sleeping Bags are easy to maintain and will keep you insulated during warm winters or cool summer nights. If you need something versatile, we also carry the Dual Temp sleeping bags which can act as light 4-season sleeping bag. Orders shipped within 24 hours M-F. |
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Coleman Calgary Cold Weather Sleeping Bag Tan | |
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Coleman Richland Creek Cool Weather Sleeping Bag Black | |
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Coleman Sabine Tall Cold Weather Sleeping Bag Rust | |
Our Price: $64.95 |


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Check out the current UB Midtown banner campaign.
Learn about the previous UB Midtown banner campaigns.
Not your typical university public relations campaign, this colorful addition to the University of Baltimore campus and its environs features a series of illustrations by nationally renowned artists who visually interpreted UB's tagline, Knowledge That Works. You'll see banners around campus on light poles and posters in hallways.
The University of Baltimore is proud of its long history as an anchor for one of the city's most celebrated and vibrant neighborhoods. Midtown is a growing, eclectic part of Baltimore in which many of the community's best examples of art, culture, commerce and education come together.


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My husband and I had a really nice time during our one week stay at Soul and Surf. Our favorite part of the stay was definitely the people we met. All the other guests were so nice and friendly and just overall great to hang out with. There was a really strong community feel at Soul and Surf; I think... More
- Also Known As:
- Soul & Surf Varkala, Kerala
- Official Description (provided by the hotel):
- Join us at our new cliff-top, sea-gazing venue in Varkala, Kerala where our team will make you as welcome and comfortable as possible. Come alone, with friends or make it a romantic getaway as a couple. We welcome guests from all over the world to surf and practice yoga in India.We love the combination of surfing and yoga, they compliment one another on both a physical and mental level which is why we try to do both every day, so we'll drive you to the surf, give you surf lessons if you want, teach you yoga, advise you on how best to experience this wonderful part of the world and organise a few special evenings during your stay. It's really much more than your usual surf camp holiday! ... more less


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Apple Store
Polo Park
1485 Portage Avenue
Winnipeg, Manitoba R3G 0W4
(204) 777-4500
Driving directions and map
Store hours: | |
Mon - Fri: | 10:00 a.m. to 9:00 p.m. |
Sat: | 9:30 a.m. to 6:00 p.m. |
Sun: | 11:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m. |
How to get here:
The Apple Store is located in the Polo Park mall, at 1485 Portage Avenue in Winnipeg. Traveling west on Portage Avenue from the City Center, Polo Park is on the right. The Apple Store is on the main level of the mall. Closest parking for the Apple Store is next to Sears at the #2 mall entrance, accessed off St. James Street.
Upcoming Store Events and Workshops
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Mansfield College, Oxford is delighted to announce that Helen Jones has this week joined the College as Development Director. Helen has worked in fundraising and development for over 14 years both in the charity sector heading up major gifts, legacy, corporate partnerships and trusts and foundations teams and within Higher Education at Durham and Oxford Universities. Helen's previous role in Oxford was as Head of Development for the Social Sciences Division working with academics and securing gifts for the early phase of what is now the Oxford Thinking Campaign. Helen studied Geography at Newcastle, has a Masters from Durham and is a Fellow of the RSA, the Royal Society for the encouragement of Arts, Manufactures and Commerce.
Commenting on her appointment Helen said:
"I am thrilled to have been appointed to the Development team here at Mansfield and look forward to meeting with alumni and working with Fellows, colleagues and students to support the exceptional educational experience which Mansfield offers."
In the meantime why not have a look at the News Archive.


text: I have added a few pics on other forums on this site and thought I would put a couple here. This was my M60 that I carried in Iraq in 05. It was a Springfield with a very low SN. I guessed that it was made in the 50's. I always wondered about its history and if it was used in Vietnam. Once it was blown out of the turret by an IED. Luckily it got stuck in an add on armor plate and I was able to reach down and get it and start firing it.


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Added To Cart
Subtotal: $26.45
Items in Cart: 5
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"This is a great gift. It's so different and unique. With the wallets, we've painted it stitch to stitch, even inside the wallet." --Anuschka's Bhaskar Basu
Artistic style meets effortless organization. Brighten up any handbag with this colorful wallet. Hand-crafted with multiple pockets to hold your essentials, the wallet features a hand painted motif on soft leather.
Organized inside with one clear credit/ID card slots, 13 credit/ID card slots, two large slots for receipts or paper currency, and one zip pocket for coins or other small items. Created with a removable checkbook cover that features a slit pocket for receipts or paper currency. The exterior features one zip pocket on the back. The supple pebbled leather wallet is finished with stylish topstitching. The artistic wallet is fashionable enough to work as your cocktail hour clutch. You can also tuck away in your work tote for easy lunchtime errands.
Available Choices:
Additional Information: Magnetic snap closure. Antiqued finish hardware. Measures 7"L x 1"W. Made of 100% genuine leather. Wipe clean with a damp cloth - do not use any chemicals or cleaning solutions. One year vendor warranty against manufacturing defects. Imported.
About Anuschka: Meaning "like no other" in an ancient Indian language, Anuschka pieces are a feast for the eyes. Handcrafted from fine leather, over 30 artists paint the artwork on each piece. Not just wearable art, Anuschka focuses on the fine details of the item, from practical features, to handcrafted workmanship, to custom made hardware. Over 20 years ago, Roma Basu started designing hand painted bags while developing and refining the process over the years. A closely guarded family secret, Roma's son Bhaskar started contributing his own art concepts and as a team they have succeeded in creating original designs that capture the fashion of the season.
About Anuschka: In the early 1980s, Swapan Basu and wife Roma began a hand painted accessories business. Swapan focused on creating a special painting process for handbags, and Roma designed each of the paintings for the bags. Their son, Bhaskar became involved in the family business after college, and founded Basu Corporation in 2000. Utilizing the closely guarded painting technique, the first Anuschka® handbag was sold in September of 2000, and the company has continued to grow the business by focusing on handbags that blend art and function. Today the company has 30 artists, with designs sold around the globe. Every Anuschka® handbag begins with carefully selected rich and supple leather crafted into fine handbags with practical features, precise handcrafted workmanship, signature lining, custom made hardware and branded zippers. The hand painted art on each of the Anuschka® bags is a feast for the eyes. The colors are a powerful element in each design, plus the wide range of abstracts, imaginary, and natural scenes depicted in muted colors of all shades and hues, transforms each handbag into an object of timeless art. The artwork is designed, and then translated one article at a time by expert craftsmen, creating one-of-a-kind works of art in every handbag. Anuschka® bags are perfect for the woman who appreciates art, enjoys high quality handbags, fine leathers, and seeks to incorporate beauty with function.
About Bhaskar Basu: Son of Swapan and Roma Basu, Bhaskar grew up watching his parents working hard to build their business in India. He spent summers working with them, watching his mother design and train artists, and watching his father select the leather and coordinate the process flow. Bhaskar chose to go to college at an American university, where he received a degree in Business Administration. In 2000, he founded the Basu Corporation with his parents. As the business grew, Bhaskar got more involved in trend research and design. Today, Roma and Bhaskar work as a team and have succeeded in bringing original designs, capturing the fashion of the season as well as the lifestyle of the people who wear Anuschka® bags.


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Organizational rankings and top 10 prospects per team
January 29, 2011 Howe and Why Lidstrom Destroys Staal
by Robert Vollman
The first ever NHL All-Star Draft took place this past Friday, where team captains Nicklas Lidstrom and Eric Staal drafted from amongst the players chosen for this year's All-Star Game. If upon reviewing the results you thought that Lidstrom secured a huge edge for his team, then according to GVT you'd be right.
Though Staal secured his goaltending first, he certainly didn't get the better end of it. Somehow he didn't wind up with a single netminder that is performing as well as Lidstrom's worst, Marc-Andre Fleury.
Name GVT Henrik Lundqvist 17.6 Carey Price 17.2 Cam Ward 14.1 Team Staal Total 48.9 Name GVT Tim Thomas 34.7 Jonas Hiller 22.7 Marc-Andre Fleury 17.9 Team Lidstrom Total 75.3
In fact, even selecting a trio from those that weren't selected for the All-Star Game would give you something superior to Team Staal:
Name GVT Ondrej Pavelec 18.7 Pekka Rinne 18.1 Roberto Luongo 17.3 Team Leftover Total 54.1
Tim Thomas and Jonas Hiller are the only two goalies playing significantly better than the pack this year, and Team Lidstrom secured them both.
It's understandable that an elite blueliner like Nicklas Lidstrom would get an edge on defense, even if for no other reason than he's on it. The veteran Swede is turning 41 in April and yet he's a legitimate possibility to earn his seventh Norris Trophy as league's best defenseman.
Even when you take Lidstrom out the equation, Team Staal still comes up short. Give them credit for bagging Kris Letang (though late in the draft), the most successful defenseman thus far, but after that they got hosed.
Name OGVT DGVT Kris Letang 7.8 5.3 Zdeno Chara 4.1 3.4 Dan Boyle 3.7 3.7 Mike Green 3.3 3.6 Erik Karlsson 5.2 1.5 Marc Staal 1.8 4.3 Team Staal Total 25.9 21.8 Name OGVT DGVT Keith Yandle 8.4 2.2 Nicklas Lidstrom 8.6 1.9 Dustin Byfuglien 9.1 2.9 Brent Burns 6.6 2.2 Shea Weber 4.7 3.4 Duncan Keith 3.4 2.7 Team Lidstrom Total 40.8 15.3
Team Staal is tighter in their own end, but Team Lidstrom loaded up offensively. Once again, it is possible to draft a blue line among those not chosen for the All-Star Game that is superior to Team Staal, and this time it's even a match for Team Lidstrom.
Name OGVT DGVT Lubomir Visnovsky 7.6 3.5 Tobias Enstrom 7.5 2.8 Brian Rafalski 6.0 3.2 John-Michael Liles 6.8 2.4 Alex Goligoski 4.3 4.3 Drew Doughty 3.1 5.3 Team Leftover Total 35.3 21.5
Up front, the two teams are much more competitive, but Team Lidstrom still secured a slight advantage.
Name OGVT DGVT Daniel Sedin 13.8 2.6 Ryan Kesler 9.2 3.4 Claude Giroux 9.5 1.7 Alex Ovechkin 8.3 2.6 Patrick Sharp 9.1 1.1 Corey Perry 7.9 1.9 Eric Staal 8.6 0.6 Rick Nash 6.7 1.9 Jeff Skinner 7.1 1.2 David Backes 4.6 3.7 Paul Stastny 6.6 1.1 Patrik Elias 4.4 3.2 Team Staal Total 95.8 25.0 Name OGVT DGVT Steven Stamkos 15.2 3.1 Martin St. Louis 10.7 2.7 Brad Richards 10.2 2.1 Henrik Sedin 9.9 2.4 Anze Kopitar 7.7 3.9 Loui Eriksson 8.6 2.7 Danny Briere 9.3 1.5 Matt Duchene 7.7 1.3 Jonathan Toews 6.4 2.5 Martin Havlat 6.7 1.6 Patrick Kane 5.9 0.9 Phil Kessel 4.6 0.7 Team Lidstrom Total 102.9 25.4
Team Staal has an almost imperceptible advantage defensively, thanks largely to Ryan Kesler, but Team Lidstrom has more firepower. Team Staal got Ovechkin, Team Lidstrom got Stamkos, and the Sedins were split. The difference-makers for Team Lidstrom could be Brad Richards and Martin St. Louis, especially if they're teamed up with Stamkos.
Given how much better people are at identifying offensive performance than defensive, and therefore at identifying the more productive forwards, it stands to reason that it would be much more difficult to build a set of competitive forwards from the castaways.
Name OGVT DGVT Jeff Carter 9.3 1.8 Mike Richards 8.8 2.3 Henrik Zetterberg 9.2 1.7 Logan Couture 6.7 2.8 Nicklas Backstrom 6.1 3.3 Tomas Plekanec 6.1 3.1 Teemu Selanne 8.1 1.1 Justin Williams 6.0 3.0 Patrice Bergeron 6.2 2.6 Pavel Datsyuk 7.2 1.5 James Neal 6.4 2.3 Ryane Clowe 6.4 2.2 Team Leftover Total 86.5 27.7
Final Verdict
According to GVT, Team Lidstrom has a 42 goal edge over Team Staal, split roughly evenly between offense and combined defense and goaltending. In fact, even a team crafted from leftover players bests Team Staal at both ends of the ice.
Team Nets DefO DefD ForO ForD TotO TotD TOTAL Team Lidstrom 75.3 40.8 15.3 102.9 25.4 143.7 116.0 259.7 Team Staal 48.9 25.9 21.8 95.8 25.0 121.7 95.7 217.4 Team Leftover 54.1 35.3 21.5 86.5 27.7 121.8 103.3 225.1
In a single game, and especially in a light-hearted All-Star Game, anything can happen, but on paper it looks like Team Lidstrom selected this year's more productive talent.
Robert Vollman is an author of Hockey Prospectus. You can contact Robert by clicking here or click here to see Robert's other articles.
2 comments have been left for this article.
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One of the things that comes to mind is whether it even matters whether you have good defensive players in the All-Star Game. The defensive game usually involves more dangerous activity, and so coaches would discourage it in a game that means nothing; I think the players understand that too. My guess, in that scenario, is that offense and goaltending matter a bit more, and in that vein Lidstrom is definitely way ahead. Particularly with St. Louis and Stamkos sticking together.
Agree. I'd have completely left DGVT out of the equation!


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We all know how incredibly detailed and layered the music of Shpongle and other Twisted artists is. I am curious as to what kind of playback equipment you all are using to render those 1's and 0's into sound.
Shpongle records serve as excellent system references for me; they've been very helpful in pinpointing the strengths and weaknesses of different equipment. Whether it's uneven frequency response, muddy transients or a squashed stereo image, Shpongle always unearths the subtleties in my audio electronics.
I'll start - The premium playback system, at the moment, is my Sennheiser HD-650 headphones with a stock cable being driven by a Yamaha RV-1105 receiver. This is obviously not ideal; I'm fine with the stock cable, although many Sennheiser enthusiasts insist that an upgraded cable from Cardas or Stefan Art 'removes a veil' or something to that effect. In my professional opinion, the big stink about cables and interconnects in hi-fi audio is about 95% snake oil and marketing, but I really don't want to start that debate on this fine forum. What is not ideal is that I'm using an integrated receiver/preamp/loudspeaker amp to drive the headphones. Within a few weeks, I'll finish building my CK


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RANDOLPH COUNTY, MO. -- A Moberly, Mo. woman charged with the death of her baby has pleaded guilty.
Cassidy King, 26, appeared in Randolph County Circuit Court Tuesday morning and entered a guilty plea to felony manslaughter in the death of her child. She also pleaded guilty to a couple of previous drug charges.
Randolph County Prosecutor Mike Fussellman told GoodRadio News that he understands the body of the baby is still being preserved in the case of an appeal.
According to court records, the felony complaint alleged that King "knowingly caused the death of B.K. by injuring him and or throwing him into a pond in a weighted dufflebag." The pond is in the 1600 block of Route H near Higbee.
Fusselman says the medical examiner's report indicates the male child was born, alive.
The incident happened between April 15 and May 8, 2011.Information provided by CentralMoinfo.com Previous stories....'Not guilty' plea from woman accused of murder Mother charged with murdering infant Infant found dead in Randolph County


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Rinspeed to debut submersible sQuba in Geneva
Rinspeed, a boutique automotive design company, plans on blowing away the upcoming Geneva auto show with its sQuba concept, a car that swims underwater, drives autonomously on land, and is emission-free. The car, based on a Lotus Elise, uses an electric motor to drive the wheels on land, plus two other motors to drive propellers underwater. According to Rinspeed, it uses a laser system to detect obstacles ahead so that it can drive itself. Rinspeed released video of the sQuba, showing that it really can swim underwater.
Sound familiar? James Bond's Lotus swam underwater in the 1977 movie, The … Read more