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King of the Grill
This great product in heather black from our department Men and T-Shirt category can be printed just for you in the size and style you like. The design King of the Grill was created by Tattoooo and uploaded to Spreadshirt for you to have printed on a T-Shirt. Next to a host of other great designs, you can find this King of the Grill design in Spreadshirt's Cook category. If you are interested in topics like bbq grillen or crown krone, then you'll love King of the Grill designs by Tattoooo. Spreadshirt also offers a huge selection of t-shirts, hoodies and accessories for the category Cook as well as top draußen outside clothing. Tattoooo's designs have already impressed many of our customers, so we are sure that we've got right stuff for you! Spreadshirt is your address for great designs of all kinds – whether it's bbq grillen, crown krone or draußen outside. We are sure that you will find something nice in our shop, there are many amazing Cook t-shirts, hoodies or accessories for you to find!Tags: Design ID: 12036303
If you like my style and want to work on a project with my help, send me a mail: firstname.lastname@example.com
guitarist Long Sleeve Shirts Designed by Tattoooo
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we kill people who kill people because killing people is wrong Kids' Shirts Designed by Tattoooo
Nerd Style like Moss Polo Shirts Designed by Tattoooo
keep calm and love who you want T-Shirts Designed by Tattoooo
This tri-blend short sleeve tee has everything you love about a vintage t-shirt - the style, the fit, the feel and the durability. Now in a brand new version, this tri-blend construction has a lot to offer: polyester retains shape and elasticity; cotton lends both comfort and support; rayon introduces a unique texture and drapes against the body for a slimming look. Recommended to order a size up for a roomier fit. Made from 50% polyester, 25% cotton and 25% rayon with a fabric weight of 3.77 oz. *SPECIAL NOTE- Due to the fabric blend in the black version there may be slight spots of white in the fabric*


text: When one is chronically ill, and a friend wishes to help her, the first thing that comes to mind is to bring a meal. In fact, since the most popular gift to bring is a meal, I wrote the book, Beyond Casseroles: 505 Ways to Encourage a Chronically Ill Friend to get people to think beyond food. Sometimes all we can think of is to bring a meal! Why is that? Well, a meal is a gift of comfort. And even though we --who are chronically ill--may be physically able to cook, it takes a burden off of us so that we can use the energy we would have spent cooking doing something else. I have discovered that many people who cook for the chronically ill and offer to bring a meal to them, are actually ill themselves. Though it is easy to understand new … [Read more...]

subset: commoncrawl


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2 hrs ago | Wall Street Journal
EdgeCast Forgoes IPO to Become Part of Verizon
Founded in 2006, EdgeCast became profitable around 2009 and now has about $100 million in revenue.
Should the federal government stop offering subsidized student loans?
What Do You Know About Conspiracy Theories?
Local 2's guide to holiday tipping
Homeless Man Who Froze to Death in Saratoga ID'd
All four men passed from causes related to hypothermia between Nov. 28 and Thursday, the medical examiner reported.
Hiscox Names New Head of U.S. Small Business Marketing
Hiscox, an international insurance provider for small business, has named former Verizon executive Brian Price as its new head of U.S. small business marketing.
Wipro and CAST Deliver Superior Quality Application Services
Wipro Ltd. , a leading global Information Technology, Consulting and Outsourcing company, today announced that its year-long partnership with CAST , a leader in software analysis and measurement, has resulted in delivery of superior quality application services to its customers, across industry sectors.
Summit to Address Sea Level Rise in San Mateo County
King tides flooded the the Women's Correctional Facility in Redwood City in Dec. 2012.
Verizon CEO Eyes More Mobile Sports Content Deals
At a big UBS investor conference, Lowell McAdam signals interest in out-of-market football games, but emphasizes that TV rights owners want to ensure they don't cannibalize their live audiences.
Phaneesh Murthy sues iGate for defamation
Phaneesh Murthy, iGate's CEO who was fired in May, has filed a defamation and breach of contract case against his former employer.
App gives toy shoppers comparison pricing edge
This year the Big Three toy retailers - Toys R Us, Target and Wal-Mart - are playing a cutthroat version of 'The Price is Right.'
Bringing Books Back for Digital Generation
Books fulfill many functions, as keepers of records and containers for stories, but can they serve as art exhibitions too? For the downtown publisher Public Information, which specializes in printing and resurrecting books and other writing by artists, they can.
Freeze Warning Issued Through Monday
Los Gatos' temperatures will drop to 26 F degrees Sunday evening, Dec. 8, 2013 with clear skies, well below freezing.
In cloud computing, 'life is a series ever-changing alternatives'
Parse.ly Co-founder and CTO Andrew Montalenti shares his views on how startups can best keep their costs down and options open by using cloud computing wisely.
Meet Don Katz, the visionary CEO of Audible
NEWARK - It's already dark when workers cluster near a revolving door, tugging at scarves and flicking their thumbs across smart phones.
Economists Toast 20 Years Of NAFTA; Critics Sit Out The Party
Twenty years ago, millions of Americans were cocking their ears waiting to hear a "giant sucking sound."
Customer Interaction Solutions
AT&T aims to sidestep shareholder request on surveillance data [Times of Oman]
AT&T has asked regulators to let it ignore a shareholder request for details of its customer-information sharing with government agencies, a move that could forestall a heated debate at the telecommunications giant's annual meeting.
Insider Selling: Medidata Solutions President Sells 43,289 Shares of Stock
Medidata Solutions President Vries Glen Michael De sold 43,289 shares of the company's stock on the open market in a transaction that occurred on Friday, December 6th.
Verizon Expands New Spectrum: Faster LTE Hitting New Cities
Back in August of 2012, Verizon Wireless received approval from the Federal Communications Commission for its purchase of a large chunk of the Advanced Wireless Services spectrum, allowing it to offer LTE signals and higher download speeds in select areas this past October - a boost in Verizon's competition against AT&T and others.
Villagers Overrun Drilling Site To Halt Chevron Fracking
Romanian protesters shout slogans against US energy giant Chevron in Pungesti, Romania on December 7, 2013Romanian protesters shout slogans against US energy giant Chevron in Pungesti, Romania on December 7, 2013 In a statement sent to the Agence France-Presse news agency on Saturday, fossil fuel giant Chevron confirmed it "has suspended ... (more)
Oracle Corp. Sees Unusually Large Options Volume
Oracle Corp. was the recipient of unusually large options trading activity on Friday.
Family Reunited With Lost Cat After 3 Years
By Sasha Lekah, Bay City News Service A Fremont family was reunited with their cat Thursday, three years after he went missing, Fremont police said.


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Take the college student survey to share your opinions about your school and be entered into a $1,000 scholarship!
Currently Viewing: All Majors • Languages and Literature • Regional Language and Literature Studies • East Asian Languages and Literatures
Students with a concentration in East Asian languages and literature study one or more of the languages of East Asia, including, but not limited to, the Sino-Tibetan, Japanese, and Korean languages. It includes instruction in philology; linguistics; dialects and pidgins; literature; and applications to business, science/technology, and other settings.


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Members Only Catalog
Or, try (509) 334-4410
Dural Durabase-WP Waterproofing Seam Strips - 6" x 82'
Approximately 34.17 (SF) Square Foot Roll
Approximate dimensions - 5" x 82' - may be wider
DURAL DURABASE-WP BAND 5" x 82'
Waterproofing band used to seal joints between two sheets of DURAL DURABASE-WP, where wall and floor meet, and between DURABASE-WP AND DURABASE-CI membranes.
This item is sold per roll. Each roll is approximately 5" wide and 82' long giving about the same square footage of other brands of band at a much lower cost. This membrane may be used with high-quality modified/polymer/latex thinset for superior performance. It may also be used with unmodified thinset.
Much like other branded products, DURAL DURABASE-WP BAND waterproofing seam strips are used to seal membrane joints from piece to piece and in corners of walls, floors and ceilings. Pre-cut and formed sections of DURAL DURABASE-WP are also available for inside and outside corners.
Product attributes
Watertight walls and floors increase the lifespan of tiled surfaces, brickwork and screed, indeed of buildings in their entirety.
Sealing of walls
DURABASE-WP is used as a sealing layer for tiled walls. DURABASE-WP adheres firmly to a foundation and is easy to work with.
Sealing in regions subject to large quantities of moisture
Wherever moisture is present in greater amounts than is normal, DURABASE-WP is able to prove its outstanding sealing properties at the junction ofwalls and floors with a tiled covering.
Creating tiled surfaces that are resistant to acid
When used with epoxy-resin adhesive and suitable tiles DURABASE-WP can even be used to make floor surfaces that are resistant to acids, as specified for floors in the food industry, for example.
Use as a sealing strip
DURABASE-WP can also be used as a sealing strip for junctions where DURABASE-CI or DURABASE-WP are being used. Other applications include the sealing of junctions between walls and floors. An appropriate sealing adhesive also allows DURABASE-WP to provide sealing of junctions between combinations of flooring materials.
In summary: DURABASE-WP remains supremely watertight even at the
E-mail a friend about this item.
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Flash is not supported on this device. If you wish to listen to this audio, you must download and play an mp3 using an mp3 player on your device. CLICK HERE
Press the play button to hear the latest news from THE REGION.
News Release from the Porter County Sheriffs Department: The Porter County Sheriff's Department will be putting extra manpower out on the streets during trick or treating time to ensure the safety of all the children that are out on Halloween. The extra officers who are out will be checking that registered sex offenders are living at the address they have reported, and are not dispensing candy if prohibited from doing so. Officers will also be making sure that motorists are obeying traffic laws in communities that have an abundance of children out walking door to door. This will be the 3rd straight year that the Porter County Sheriff's Department has done this initiative.
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I enjoyed my stay at the Glendevon Guest house. I was welcomed pleasantly by Mr.Corr,who carried my case to the bedroom for me. The accommodation was clean,tidy and comfortable,in a very quiet part of the lovely town of Sidmouth. Parking was no problem. The breakfast was first class,substantial,and cooked perfectly,by Mrs.Corr,and served by Mr.Corr with efficiency. I would definitely stay... More
- Official Description (provided by the hotel):
- Situated in a stylish Victorian house in the heart of Sidmouth, the Glendevon Bed & Breakfast is an ideal base for a quality and affordable stay in East Devon. ... more less


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First Utility and British Gas to provide personalised energy saving tips
The two energy companies have launched schemes aimed at helping us cut our bills. We look at what they offer.
First Utility and British Gas are each launching schemes aimed at helping their customers cut their energy bills, with personalised energy saving tips.
First Utility has launched the My Energy plan, providing users with exact information on when, where and how they can cut their energy bills.
The system tracks how your home is performing compared to similar homes in the area, so that you have a better idea of how efficient your household actually is. You can then use this as a benchmark to take steps to improve your energy efficiency and cut your bills.
How to cut your bill
So, you know that your next door neighbour spends far less on their gas and electricity bills than you do. Great, but what now?
Provide First Utility with a few facts about your home (things like whether you have a fire, how your central heating is powered, whether it's a flat/apartment/detached/semi-detached, etc) and the firm will put together some personalised energy saving tips for you.
Keeping on top of your energy
The service also allows users to keep on top of their exact usage. You'll receive regular emails reporting on how your energy use has changed over time. Once you've been with the provider for a year, these reports will track year-on-year changes and allow you to set goals to spend less energy than you did the previous year.
What's next?
First Utility has a few ideas in the works to make My Energy even more useful. One possible innovation is high usage text alerts. This will work alongside your smart meter, meaning that if the company spots your usage is higher than usual for that time period, it will let you know so that you can act quickly to try to limit the impact in your next bill.
How to get My Energy
The scheme is open to new and existing customers and is available on the iSave and Smart tariffs.
The good news is that the two versions of the iSave tariff are currently the cheapest in the country, as this table shows.
Supplier |
Tariff |
Average cost |
Average saving* |
Notes |
1 |
First Utility |
£1,027 |
£295 |
Cheapest tariff but not fixed |
2 |
First Utility |
£1,047 |
£275 |
Fixed until 30 Sep 2013 |
3 |
£1,054 |
£268 |
Fixed until September 2013 |
4 |
ScottishPower |
£1,055 |
£267 |
Guaranteed to be 8.3% lower than ScottishPower's standard till 31 July 2013 |
5 |
Sainsbury's Energy |
£1,058 |
£264 |
Fixed until June 2013 |
* based on average dual fuel tariff costing £1,345 per year in Oct 2011 (Source: Ofgem) and adjustment of £23 for recent price drops
British Gas has its own version
British Gas has launched its own personalised energy advice trial. Over the next six months personalised hints and tips on how households can cut their energy use will be sent out to 10,000 smart meter customers.
The schemes are really very similar. British Gas will also have a comparison of your home's energy use compares to similar homes in the same postcode area, but will also include an average breakdown of exactly what the energy is being used on (lighting, heating the home, heating water, etc)
Will they make a difference?
It all sounds lovely doesn't it? Energy companies on our side, helping us keep informed on exactly how much energy we are using and so enabling us to cut our spend on gas and electricity.
Energy firms are businesses, and they want to make money. So while they talk about helping us cut down the size of our bills, they don't want us to cut them too much as it would dent their profits.
Maybe I'm just a little cynical. After all, I actually have a lot of time for First Utility. It isn't one of the so-called 'Big Six' energy providers, and has consistently launched competitive tariffs. It has also resisted, as best it can, the sheep-like pricing changes that the biggest providers are guilty of as soon as one feels the urge to adjust their pricing upwards.
If we want to break the grip of the Big Six, then innovative, smaller outfits like First Utility need our support. And so long as First Utility keeps launching deals that are cheaper than the big boys, that's what they'll get from me.
I hope it works, I really do. I hope the information sent out by these firms amounts to more than the observation that we spend more on energy in December than we do in June and that we can all cut our energy bills by turning off the lights when leaving a room.
I'm just not holding my breath.
What do you think? Will you be signing up for these schemes? Do you trust your energy firm to help you cut your energy bills? Let me know your thoughts in the Comment box below.
More on gas and electricity
EU exposes UK's steeply rising energy prices


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The time capsule and "Flag for the Future" are lowered into the icy waters at the North Pole.
© Christian Aslund / Greenpeace
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text: International youth ascend Mount Elbrus 02 Sep 2008 A group of young people and leaders from eight countries have ascended Europe's highest mountain as part of the Global Youth Summit. The climbers, six women and 14 men, traveled from England, Germany, Spain, Italy, New Zealand, Portugal, Switzerland, Russia and the Ukraine to take part in the international youth expedition "Elbrus - 2008", July 7-17. "During the expedition all these persons from different countries and various cultures teamed up so quickly into such a cheerful and sportive youth group, that climbing together was great pleasure and a lot of fun," says Alexander Zaidler, the expedition leader. The participants first spent some time on the Kashka-tash glacier, practicing how to use crampons that were necessary for the ascent. They also took a few days to acclimatise to the high altitude, including making an ascent of Mt. Andyrchi, almost 4,000m. In order to help rangers from the National park to take care of wild animals, the group also brought and spread out salt needed by Caucasian goats. "The pace was getting slower and slower. Everybody started to feel a lack of oxygen," tells Zaidler. One of the participants became unwell and had to return to the camp, while the rest kept going for the last difficult part. "Like in slow motion, making the last steps with great efforts, the participants reached the top of Mt. Elbrus at 5,642 meters," says Zaidler. On the peak, the climbers embraced each other and took photos with their national flags and a UIAA banner. The weather was clear enough to give them a panoramic view of the ranges and canyons of the Caucasus below. You can read Alexanders full story of the expedition here. More pictures in the Youth Events 2008 photo gallery. |


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Birthday Candle - Number 5 - Blue Number Cake Toppers
Item #: | 4427 |
Dimensions: | 1.75" diameter x 3.00" height |
Colors: | Blue, White |
Style: | Number Birthday Candle |
Birthday Candle - Number "5" - Blue Number Cake Toppers
Our molded candle measures 3" in height and features a blue color and a bold white border on both sides. This Candle is shaped like the number "5" and can be used in combination with our other numbered candles as you age.
If you want to announce it on the cake, as a birthday celebration, anniversaries or for any other event, this will be perfect for you!
Candle burns up to one minute, not longer, to lessen the chances of wax dripping on your cake!
Product | Our Price |
Total Pieces |
Piece Cost |
Quantity | |


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Could not fault the check-in process - we arrived six hours earlier than my parents, with whom the booking had been made. We were also at least two hours early for the 1600 check-in time. The lady behind the desk was expecting us and immediately checked to see if the apartment was ready, which it was. The apartment itself was... More
- Also Known As:
- Las Casitas Hotel
- Las Casitas Hotel Playa Blanca
- Las Casitas Lanzarote/Playa Blanca, Spain


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This birthplace museum of Livingstone's life and work is housed in a tenement block which Livingstone and his family shared with 23 other families.
The museum is packed with items relating to Livingstone's explorations in Africa. These include journals, letters and navigational equipment, as well as dioramas of significant events in his travels. It also gives a fascinating insight into the living and working conditions of 19th-century Scotland.
The David Livingstone Centre is set in 20 acres of parkland and gardens overlooking the River Clyde. There are plenty of woodland walks including one along the Clyde Walkway to Bothwell Castle.
For Accommodation and information, please call:
0845 859 1006
Monday to Friday 9am - 5pm
Saturday and Sunday - closed
*Calls may be recorded


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Never wait for halftime to catch up on the day's action. Get real-time scores for all your favorite pro and college match-ups, plus NASCAR results, personalization and more, right on your TV.
T he ESPN ScoreCenter app is a must-have for sports fans. Delivering scores and more whenever you want them, ESPN ScoreCenter means you won't have to wait for a halftime update, channel surf or check your laptop for news on all of the day's events.
ESPN ScoreCenter brings you scores, news and standings on hundreds of teams, including real-time results for professional football, basketball, hockey and baseball games, plus NASCAR and college basketball and football. Stay on top of the most important events of the day so that you can keep your brackets up to the minute, read up on breaking news and analysis, and watch just-cut video clips from the hottest match-ups. Personalize the app to track your favorite teams and check in whenever you want to get scoring updates, or catch up on news coverage of your teams, with expert analysis delivered by ESPN's round-the-clock editorial team. You can even put the app wherever you want it on screen, so it never blocks the action.
"…track your favorite teams and check in whenever you want…"
To learn more, watch this Know Your Apps video.
The ESPN ScoreCenter app is ready to download and enjoy on these Samsung Smart TVs. Or click here to find apps that are compatible with your Samsung device.
© 2011 Samsung Electronics America, Inc. Samsung is a registered trademark of Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. All other brand, product, service names and logos are trademarks and/or registered trademarks of their respective owners.
Screen images are simulated. The above content is provided for information purposes only. All information included herein is
subject to change without notice. Samsung Electronics is not responsible for any direct or indirect damages, arising from or related
to use or reliance of the above content.


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Momeni Lil Mo Whimsy LMJ8 Concrete Rug
Item #: 126LMJ8-P Add to Wishlist
$64 - $699 + FREE SHIPPINGDescription: Forest critters, retro robots and mod flowers, oh my! Quirky motifs combine to put 'Lil Mo Whimsy in a class by itself. Hand-tufted of soft mod-acrylic, this collection features hand-carving for added texture and a vibrant color palette to make it as fun as it is unique.
- Collection: Lil Mo Whimsy
- Brand: Momeni
- Material: 100% Mod-Acrylic
- Weave: Hand Tufted
- Styles: Contemporary Rugs Kids Rugs
- Origin: China
- Available in the following sizes: 2' x 3', 3' x 5', 4' x 6', 5' x 7', 8' x 10' and 5' Round
I love, love the rug. I was very surprised when I received it to find what a great rug this was especially for the price. I was also surprised by how fast I received it. I have had some not so great experiences with purchasing online - I am happy to say this was not one of them. I would definitely purchase a rug from RugsUSA again.
RECOMMENDED: Yes, I would recommend this to a friend.This rug was the perfect bit of character and personality for my toddler's new "big boy" room! The hardwood floors were in need of some stylish softness that would provide him a space to play and relax. Decor was also an important factor. This rug fit the bill to a tee! The colors are vibrant and my son loves to talk about the various quirky-shaped vehicles depicted. Only thing is that it sheds quite a bit at the beginning - be sure to vacccum frequently. Still, the rug is holding up well and shows no signs of wear or diminished quality over a month later. Will order from this company/web site again if/when the theme changes! Looking forward to it :)
RECOMMENDED: Yes, I would recommend this to a friend.This is a very nice rug but be warned that if you order a smaller sized rug you will only get a portion of the print not a smaller version of the entire rug pictured.
RECOMMENDED: Yes, I would recommend this to a friend.My 5-yo son and I really like this rug. The colors are vibrant and the pile is very plush.
RECOMMENDED: Yes, I would recommend this to a friend.
Though styles have come and gone, beneath them all is the fundamental principal that Momeni rugs are created to touch our senses. The Momeni standard of quality, elegance, and sophistication has been recognized time and time again with America's Magnificent Carpet Award in Atlanta Georgia.
Fill out the information below.


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I used to approach a summer tour like a good Boy Scout, prepared for anything. My pedalboard kept getting bigger to accommodate every sonic scenario. But as my gear bounced around in trailers, buses, vans, and airplanes, come soundcheck my rig gave me nothing but buzz and hum and I often spent an inordinate amount of time chasing down shorts in my signal path. After a while, I never really trusted my pedalboard. Every time I stomped on a pedal during a show, I would worry that the whole rig would shut down. Not only was my instrument untrustworthy, my tone subtlety became smaller and frailer. It was time to simplify and get rid of all non-essentials.
Guitar tone really comes down to four sounds:
1. Clean
2. Dirty
3. Delay
4. SwirlyWhen the pragmatic realityof limited tone options sank in,I was able to shrink my big tourpedalboard from 10 tone-suck-ing time bombs to a Spartan sixpedals. Now, I can usually getby with, in this order: a tuner,a compressor, an overdrive, adelay, a phaser, and a tremolo. Iused to feel that I needed manyshades of dirt, from the subtleslight overdrive to the insane-in-the-membrane howl. I used torun two dirt boxes in line withvarying degrees of filth, switch-ing between them or engagingboth simultaneously dependingon the song. In an effort to trimthe fat, I now only allow myselfone dirt box, rolling on moresludge and slime with the spinof a tiny knob as I need it.
Swirly could be anything from a phaser, a flanger, a chorus, a Uni-Vibe or any other kooky, oddball effect. There's
weird stuff like this being invented everyday, and it's a lot of fun to experiment with these sounds both live and in the studio. That said, those subtleties are often lost in a live setting, and when you schlep this stuff around long enough, it breaks.
A phaser is my weirdo effect of choice. Sure, it's a bit cheesy, but it can sound a bit like a flanger or Uni-Vibe or even a bit like an overdone chorus. It may not be what you would choose in the studio where you have unlimited options, but for me it is a good flavor that says to the audience, "Hey, check out this freaky sound." It fits me. I work primarily in country music, where tremolo remains an integral part of that classic sound. It's just something I have to have. I love a good amp tremolo but regrettably my current amps of choice do not have it, so I go with a good ol' stomp version.
If wah is your thing, bring italong and put up with the has-sle. For years I carried one withme all the time, but found thatthis pedal was more likely to gobad than anything else (perhapsbecause when it is engaged, it'sviolently rocking back and forththe entire time it's used, ratherthan just turned on and offwhen needed). I eventually grewdisgusted with the snap, crackle,pop of shorting cables and wahpedals so I abandoned the wahall together on tour. I have thatsound for studio stuff, but onlyhook it up as needed. I alsofound that if I went to the trou-ble of bringing a wah to a gig, Iwould wha-ka-whaa-ka-whaa allnight long like a '70s cop show.I'm sure it annoyed the wits outof my poor bandmates.
2 Belts and Suspenders: Bring Backup Gear for Your Tour
Whenever possible, I try to bring a backup amp and guitar to any important gig. I'm almost guaranteed to break a string within the first three bars of the first song in a long set if I only brought one guitar with me. However, if I have guitar No. 2 tuned up and waiting in a stand next to my amp, my No. 1 will perform flawlessly all night, every night. Reinforcements take the worry away.
Like a curmudgeon grand-father, a tube amp tends toget cranky when traveling.I've taken to carrying a tiny,solid-state head with me onmost road gigs. I travel with anold-ish Crate PowerBlock amp,which, like many great piecesof gear, is no longer made butcan be found used for around$100. This amp is about thesize of a Katz's Deli Reubensandwich. It fits neatly in theside pocket of my amp headcase, or in the front pocket ofmy guitar gig bag, but I usu-ally stuff it in back of whatevercombo amp I'm using (this iskind of a stupid, lazy way to doit since it could bounce aroundin there and smash tubes if theamp falls or is flipped upsidedown). I often leave the Crateresting on top of whatever ampI'm using just in case things gobad. If at any point during a gigmy amp begins to crackle, hum,smoke, or burst into flames, Ican unplug the 1/4" speakerline from my tube amp and putit into the Crate. Then I cando the same for the 1/4" guitarcable, turn on the Crate forimmediate power (no wait forthe tubes to heat up) and be upand rocking in less then a min-ute. It's easy for the engineerbecause the same speaker meansno re-mic'ing needed.
This compact Crate PowerBlock amp is no longer in production, but you can get a used one for around $100.


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We're pickin' up good vibrations—and that includes the song, too. The latest iLuv product, the iMM155 Vibro II, allows you to wake up with an alarm you can hear and feel.
Because the Vibro II is a docking station, it allows you to park your iPhone or iPod and wake up with music of your choice. If you prefer a little chat in the AM, the unit also has an FM radio.
The real perk, though, is the Shaker feature. This unique aspect adds a bit of motion into your wake-up call. Place the Shaker under a pillow and the device's rhythmic vibrations are guaranteed to wake even the heaviest sleeper or the hearing impaired. That feature can be used alone or combined with music.
Other features include patent-pending jAura sound, a large LCD display with 10 brightness level adjustments, and Time Sync for your iPhone/iPod.
Available in four colors, the iLuv iMM155 is the perfect bedside buddy. However, because it doubles as a dock, it also works well in the kitchen, the garage, the home office, or all three. Expect the iMM155 Vibro II to start selling next month, with an MSRP of $69.99.
Follow Electronic House on Facebook and Twitter.Tech-savvy homeowners take electronics to the extreme, but use everyday iPads and iPhones to control it all.
Tech-savvy homeowners take electronics to the extreme, but use everyday iPads and iPhones to control it all.
Our editors put in their picks for high-tech happiness this year.


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Very dirty building, room, and sheets. low water stream, AC and toilet didnt work, but staff was helpful in fixing them. brakefast ok. DO NOT make laundry there, unless you like red color on your clothes. if you book from a website, it will be overpriced. real cash price is 12$ for an AC room. this was the only hotel... More
- Official Description (provided by the hotel):
- We would like to invite you to take a holiday in our Cambodian stylish lodge, with pleasant and courteous staff, to ensure your stay is a memorable one. We offer modern comfort, with great value for money accommodation, for travelers on a budget. ... more less
- Reservation Options:
- TripAdvisor is proud to partner with HostelBookers so you can book your Avista Lane Lodge reservations with confidence. We help millions of travelers each month to find the perfect hotel for both vacation and business trips, always with the best discounts and special offers.


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1) What is J2EE?
J2EE is an environment for developing and deploying enterprise applications. The J2EE platform consists of a set of services, application programming interfaces (APIs), and protocols that provide the functionality for developing multi tiered, and web-based applications.
2) What is the J2EE module?
A J2EE module consists of one or more J2EE components for the same container type and one component deployment descriptor of that type.
3) What are the components of J2EE application?
A J2EE component is a self-contained functional software unit that is assembled into a J2EE application with its related classes and files and communicates with other components. The J2EE specification defines the following J2EE components:
- Application clients and applets are client components.
- Java Servlets and Java Server PagesTM (JSPTM) technology components are web components.
- Enterprise JavaBeansTM (EJBTM) components (enterprise beans) are business components.
- Resource adapter components provided by EIS and tool vendors.
4) What are the four types of J2EE modules?
- Application client module
- Web module
- Enterprise JavaBeans module
- Resource adapter module
5) What does application client module contain?
The application client module contains:
- class files,
- an application client deployment descriptor.
Application client modules are packaged as JAR files with a .jar extension.
6) What does Enterprise JavaBeans module contain?
The Enterprise JavaBeans module contains:
- class files for enterprise beans
- An EJB deployment descriptor.
EJB modules are packaged as JAR files with a .jar extension.
7) What does resource adapt module contain?
The resource adapt module contains:
- all Java interfaces,
- classes,
- native libraries,
- other documentation,
- A resource adapter deployment descriptor.
Resource adapter modules are packages as JAR files with a .rar (Resource adapter Archive) extension.
8) How many development roles are involved in J2EE application?
There are at least 5 roles involved:
- Enterprise Bean Developer
- Writes and compiles the source code
- Specifies the deployment descriptor
- Bundles the .class files and deployment descriptor into an EJB JAR file
- Web Component Developer
- Writes and compiles Servlets source code
- Writes JSP and HTML files
- Specifies the deployment descriptor for the Web component
- Bundles the .class, .jsp, .html, and deployment descriptor files in the WAR file
- J2EE Application Client Developer
- Writes and compiles the source code
- Specifies the deployment descriptor for the client
- Bundles the .class files and deployment descriptor into the JAR file
- Application Assembler The application assembler is the company or person who receives application component JAR files from component providers and assembles them into a J2EE application EAR file. The assembler or deployer can edit the deployment descriptor directly or use tools that correctly add XML tags according to interactive selections. A software developer performs the following tasks to deliver an EAR file containing the J2EE application:
- Assembles EJB JAR and WAR files created in the previous phases into a J2EE application (EAR) file
- Specifies the deployment descriptor for the J2EE application
- Verifies that the contents of the EAR file are well formed and comply with the J2EE specification
- Application Deployer and Administrator
- Configures and deploys the J2EE application
- Resolves external dependencies
- Specifies security settings & attributes
- Assigns transaction attributes and sets transaction controls
- Specifies connections to databases
- Deploys or installs the J2EE application EAR file into the J2EE server
- Administers the computing and networking infrastructure where J2EE applications run
- Oversees the runtime environment
But a developer role depends on the job assignment. For a small company, one developer may take these 5 roles altogether.
9) What is difference between J2EE 1.3 and J2EE 1.4?
J2EE 1.4 is an enhancement version of J2EE 1.3. It is the most complete Web services platform ever.
J2EE 1.4 includes:
- Java API for XML-Based RPC (JAX-RPC 1.1)
- SOAP with Attachments API for Java (SAAJ),
- Web Services for J2EE(JSR 921)
- J2EE Management Model(1.0)
- J2EE Deployment API(1.1)
- Java Management Extensions (JMX),
- Java Authorization Contract for Containers(JavaACC)
- Java API for XML Registries (JAXR)
- Servlet 2.4
- J2EE Connector 1.5
The J2EE 1.4 features complete Web services support through the new JAX-RPC 1.1 API, which supports service endpoints based on Servlets and enterprise beans. JAX-RPC 1.1 provides interoperability with Web services based on the WSDL and SOAP protocols.
The J2EE 1.4 platform also supports the Web Services for J2EE specification (JSR 921), which defines deployment requirements for Web services and utilizes the JAX-RPC programming model.
In addition to numerous Web services APIs, J2EE 1.4 platform also features support for the WS-I Basic Profile 1.0. This means that in addition to platform independence and complete Web services support, J2EE 1.4 offers platform Web services interoperability.
The J2EE 1.4 platform also introduces the J2EE Management 1.0 API, which defines the information model for J2EE management, including the standard Management EJB (MEJB). The J2EE Management 1.0 API uses the Java Management Extensions API (JMX).
The J2EE 1.4 platform also introduces the J2EE Deployment 1.1 API, which provides a standard API for deployment of J2EE applications.
The J2EE 1.4 platform includes security enhancements via the introduction of the Java Authorization Contract for Containers (JavaACC). The JavaACC API improves security by standardizing how authentication mechanisms are integrated into J2EE containers.
The J2EE platform now makes it easier to develop web front ends with enhancements to Java Servlet and JavaServer Pages (JSP) technologies. Servlets now support request listeners and enhanced filters. JSP technology has simplified the page and extension development models with the introduction of a simple expression language, tag files, and a simpler tag extension API, among other features. This makes it easier than ever for developers to build JSP-enabled pages, especially those who are familiar with scripting languages.
Other enhancements to the J2EE platform include the J2EE Connector Architecture, which provides incoming resource adapter and Java Message Service (JMS) plug ability. New features in Enterprise JavaBeans (EJB) technology include Web service endpoints, a timer service, and enhancements to EJB QL and message-driven beans.
The J2EE 1.4 platform also includes enhancements to deployment descriptors. They are now defined using XML Schema which can also be used by developers to validate their XML structures.
Note: The above information comes from SUN released notes.
10) Is J2EE application only a web-based?
NO. A J2EE application can be web-based or non-web-based. If an application client executes on the client machine, it is a non-web-based J2EE application. The J2EE application can provide a way for users to handle tasks such as J2EE system or application administration. It typically has a graphical user interface created from Swing or AWT APIs, or a command-line interface. When user request, it can open an HTTP connection to establish communication with a Servlet running in the web tier.
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WASHINGTON -- President Barack Obama pledged Wednesday to put the full weight of his office behind the nation's most aggressive gun-control plan in generations as he hopes to decrease the number of mass shootings and acts of random violence that occur every day in America.
He proposed banning assault weapons, limiting ammunition magazines to 10 rounds, requiring background checks on all gun purchases, penalizing those who buy guns from unlicensed dealers, hiring 1,000 more school resource officers and spending millions more on training, research and counseling.
The sweeping package – much of which needs approval from a divided and often uncooperative Congress – came a month after a slaughter at an elementary school in Newtown, Conn., left 26 people, including 20 young children, dead.
In an emotional midday speech at the White House complex, a somber Obama recalled the innocent Americans who've been killed in a string of mass shootings: at a movie theater last summer in Aurora, Colo.; at a Sikh temple a few weeks later in Oak Creek, Wis.; at a shopping center last month in Clackamas, Ore.; and at a university in Blacksburg, Va., in 2007.
He told a roomful of crime victims, activists and lawmakers that 900 more people had been shot to death in the 33 days since the Sandy Hook Elementary School massacre.
"While there is no law or set of laws that can prevent every senseless act of violence completely, no piece of legislation that will prevent every tragedy, every act of evil, if there is even one thing we can do to reduce this violence, if there is even one life that can be saved, then we've got an obligation to try," Obama said, standing near four young children who'd written him letters after the Newtown shooting.
As he closed, he told the audience that the parents of one of the slain children in Newtown had given him a painting by their daughter. Her name was Grace and she was 7. The painting now hangs in his private study.
When the president spoke, it was in a tone that was quiet, but determined. Some in the room held back tears, but a few in the audience cried softly.
Obama's announcement set off a fierce debate on Capitol Hill, where Republicans and some Democrats oppose changes that they fear would chip away at the Second Amendment right to bear arms.
Leaders of the Democratic-led Senate expect to begin debate in two weeks, though some bills may not even get a vote in the Republican-run House of Representatives.
House Speaker John Boehner, R-Ohio, released only a brief statement from an aide.
"House committees of jurisdiction will review these recommendations. And if the Senate passes a bill, we will also take a look at that," spokesman Michael Steel said.
Some Republicans struck a conciliatory tone, suggesting that school safety and mental health services might be addressed, but other expressed blunt opposition.
"President Obama is targeting the Second Amendment rights of law-abiding citizens instead of seriously addressing the real underlying causes of such violence," said Sen. Marco Rubio of Florida, who's a rising star in his party and possible 2016 presidential candidate. "Rolling back responsible citizens' rights is not the proper response to tragedies committed by criminals and the mentally ill."
Freshman Rep. Steve Stockman, R-Texas, said he'd "seek legislation barring funds to enforce the orders. I will seek legislation to cut White House funding should the president issue and enforce such orders. I will support legal efforts to overturn the orders in court."


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I've done all I can think of. Here is my system:
Celereon 366@550
Abit BH6 Mobo
IBM Deskstar HD
Creative GeForce SDR
SBLive! Value
Here is everything I have done:
1. Installed the latest drivers from Creative.
2. Tweaked the direct 3D settings (Auto-mipmap method=bilinear) (MipMap detail level=blend) (Disable Vsync) (render no more than 7 frames ahead)
3. Installed the latest patch for Unreal Tournament. (Made sure it was using D3D also)
UT is never very smooth (unlike Q3) at any resolution. I have to set the detail settings to 16-bit color, no decals, no dynamic lighting, medium texture settings (both)and low audio quality (and no hardware 3d sound). I just don't see how I can get 70-90 frames per second (silky smooth) in Q3 (Depending on the settings) and get slow, choppy performance in UT.
Any ideas? I'd really like to play UT with my friends on our network in the dorm.


text:
News About Kinkaid
With rankings of 1st in Architecture, 1st in Documentary, 2nd in Thematic, and 3rd in Landscape, they earned a 2nd Place finish in the over-all Top Program standings.
While all Kinkaid Advanced Photo students contributed to the process of creating these portfolios, photos of the following students were ultimately selected to represent the school in the four portfolio categories chosen for entry:
Selim Baysal, Caroline Brown, Alexandra Cokinos, Julia Diamonon, Camiel Duytschaever, Katie Fikaris, Christina Fondren, Nate Freeman, Savannah Friedkin, Mollie Gaylor, Griffith Greer, Ranjit Inamdar, Bianca Kaushal, Andrew Manias
Anshul Palavajjhala, Addy Reckling, Laura Rathmell, Sam Rogers, Walker Spier, Caroline Stevenson, Grace Wang.
While these students deserve particular acknowledgement, the efforts and achievements of all students in the program throughout the year should also be recognized.


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PLYMOUTH — The Plymouth High School boys basketball program has announced some changes to the November schedule for its third annual Future Pilgrims Boys Basketball League, beginning with this Saturday. Listed below are the dates for the schedule changes with times and locations following. Saturday 11-2: 1st Grade: 8:15 - 9:45 a.m. (Menominee) 2nd Grade: 8:45 - 10:15 a.m. (Riverside) 3rd Grade: 8:00 - 9:30 a.m. (Riverside) Saturday 11-9: 1st Grade: 8:15 - 9:45 a.m. (Menominee) 2nd Grade: 8:45 - 10:15 a.m. (Plymouth High School)
CULVER — So much of a team's post-season success comes down to peaking at the right time. With back-to-back wins headed into this Friday's Sectional 41 match-up with West Central, that's exactly what the Culver Cavaliers seem to be doing. Not that it's been easy. Up to Week 9's regular-season closer with LaVille, the Cavaliers were sitting at 2-6 in the midst of a five-game losing streak against a Northern State Conference slate that included a dominant New Prairie squad that is now No. 1 in the state in margin of victory, as well as top 10-ranked Bremen and Jimtown programs.
ARGOS — Argos' Damon Binkley was named the Northern Indiana Soccer Conference Player of the Year a second straight year, and the Dragons received six selections to the All-NISC teams, the school announced this week. Binkley notched 43 goals during a banner year in which the junior striker rebroke his previous single-season school record of 39 scores set last year.
WALKERTON — What goes around, comes around. The past two seasons, John Glenn has seen its season end with sectional semifinal games at Mishawaka Marian. So when the Falcons drew Marian on the road in their 3A Sectional 25-opener last week, they were ready for a reprisal. That's just what they got as they jumped out to a 16-7 lead in the first quarter and never looked back on the way to a convincing 37-21 win over the Knights. Glenn thus earned the right to advance to this week's semifinal at Hammond.
PLYMOUTH — The Plymouth Rockies will host the undefeated New Prairie Cougars Friday night in the second round of the IHSAA football sectional at 7:30 p.m. at The Rockpile. Pre-sale tickets for the game are on sale today through Thursday from 8 a.m. to 4 p.m. and Friday from 8 a.m. to 1 p.m. in the PHS Athletic Office. Tickets are $6 for all adults and school-age students.
Junior Kris Wickens became just the second-ever Bremen cross country runner to earn a state berth with a 22nd-place finish in a blistering 16:37.46 at the New Haven Semistate Saturday.
Bremen senior Cassie Sears racked up a team-high 41 kills with four aces and three blocks in two matches as the Lady Lions wrapped up their season at the Class 2A Central Noble Volleyball Sectional last week.
NEW CARLISLE — Considering their goal all season was to reach this meet, it's hard to imagine that Plymouth's cross country runners would view Saturday's New Prairie semistate as a "sucky day." But since the final results were so far from what they hoped, maybe it's not so hard, after all. "I think we're way more prepared that what our times show," said Plymouth coach Jami Holm following the season-ending tournament in New Carlisle. "I think we are way more prepared than what my kids looked like. I don't know what else to call it than a sucky day."
LAKEVILLE — For most of 80 minutes, the Argos boys soccer team played with the number two team in the state. Unfortunately for the Dragons, a pair of mistakes wound up costing them a pair of goals, and the Argos offense couldn't quite find the counter to Fort Wayne Bishop Luers in a season-ending 2-0 loss to the Knights at the Class A LaVille Semistate Saturday in Newton Park.
Volleyball Mishawaka downs Plymouth Plymouth's volleyball team lost its Class 4A Penn Sectional semifinal with Mishawaka in three close games Saturday afternoon, 25-22, 25-23, 25-17. Mishawaka went on to fall to host Penn in three games in the championship, 25-21, 25-14, 25-12. Emily Eveland led the Lady Pilgrims in three statistical categories with 13 kills, 15 digs and five blocks, while Hunter Stevens finished with eight kills and four blocks, and Libbie Portteus recorded six kills and four blocks.
Indianapolis Colts Chicago Bears


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Dear Friends:
In March 2005, my whole life changed. That's when I received my diagnosis of ALS. Up to that point, I was in a storybook existence: I was a successful entrepreneur and leader in the fitness industry, living in a beautiful home with my wife and four children in Corona Del Mar, Calif. Then, just like that, my future was permanently altered by a serious disease.
Once the initial shock wore off, I decided I had two options: I could sit down, accept my fate and wait for the inevitable, or I could fight back. Guess which option I chose! The same will and determination I used in my successful business endeavors became my main weapons in my battle with this terrible disease.
My very first step in fighting back was to partner with the Muscular Dystrophy Association, which offers the best ALS doctors and health care professionals in the country. You also can count on MDA for up-to-date information, support groups, help in finding special equipment and understanding at every turn. Together, MDA and I formed "Augie's Quest," which coordinates fundraising events that benefit MDA's worldwide ALS research program. My wife, Lynne, and I are honored to be the MDA ALS Division co-chairs.
Of course, without the undying love and support I get from Lynne, my terrific kids, and my extended family and friends, none of my success on the ALS battlefield would be possible. Thanks to their support, as well as the care I get at my MDA/ALS center and the miracles of modern technology, I'm able to serve on boards, write books, give speeches, laugh and joke with friends, and raise funds to find a cure — all in spite of ALS.
These Web pages offer an introduction to ALS, so you can begin preparing to meet the coming changes. MDA also gives each person with ALS copies of its very helpful and thorough books, Everyday Life with ALS: A Practical Guide and the MDA ALS Caregiver's Guide.
From these pages you'll learn several encouraging things about having ALS: that your diagnosis is in no way your "fault," that many physical functions remain unaffected in ALS, and that better treatments and technological devices are constantly being tested and developed for every aspect of the disease.
It's good to know that society is far more aware of people with disabilities today, and the laws entitle you to equal employment opportunities and access to public places.
You may be encouraged to know that people with ALS can survive much longer than expected. I know of others who've had the disease for 15, 20 or more years. Also, the Department of Veteran Affairs (DVA) has determined that ALS is a presumptive justification for veteran benefits, so if you have more than four years of active military service, be sure to contact your nearest DVA office.
As you adjust to your new lifestyle and ponder what your future will bring, know that across the country there are 200 MDA outpatient clinics, including more than 40 MDA/ALS centers, offering a comprehensive range of services and resources for people with ALS and their families.
In other words, you're not alone.
Augie Nieto
Co-Chair, MDA ALS Division
Corona del Mar, Calif.


text:
Serials Solutions® is the global leader in essential discovery and e-resource management solutions which are powered by a comprehensive knowledgebase. Its popular suite of Software as a Service (SaaS) solutions helps improve access to and use of collections, eases librarian workloads, and ultimately reduces operating costs.
Solutions include: the world-class Summon™ web-scale discovery service, providing instant access to the full breadth of the library's collection through a single search; the AquaBrowser® discovery layer, making navigation more accessible; 360 services, the only integrated e-resource access and management solution; KnowledgeWorks, the authoritative e-resource knowledgebase and foundation for Serials Solutions® 360; and Ulrich's™ services, the world's most authoritative source of bibliographic and publisher information for serials and the most comprehensive source of print and electronic serials data available.
Serials Solutions provides fast implementation, easy customization, and outstanding value to libraries throughout the world.
For more information about Serials Solutions, visit www.serialssolutions.com.
The Summon™ Service wins SIIA's 2011 CODiE Award
The Summon™ discovery service took top honors at the 2011 CODiE Award ceremony in San Francisco, CA where it was named the Best Enterprise Search Solution.
Serials Solutions Support Services


text: Start off your week stress-free by getting a FREE neck and shoulder rub from the student Stressbusters! The Stressbusters are a group of students interested in health, wellness and stress reduction. They have been trained by a massage therapist to bring you five minutes of peace and relaxation. Take advantage of this great opportunity! Stressbusters…we've got your back! Date Monday, September 19, 2011 Time 2:00 PM - 3:00 PM Location D'Angelo Center,Starbucks Area, Queens Campus More Information Ruth firstname.lastname@example.com (718) 990-8048


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Are those really St. Peter's bones on display at the Vatican?By Eric J. Lyman| commentsNews Saints, Feasts, and Seasons Vatican
Is Pope Francis ignoring clergy sex abuse? Some are beginning to wonderBy David Gibson| commentsNews Sex and Sexuality Vatican
Turkish leaders want to convert the Hagia Sophia back into a mosqueBy Jacob Resneck| commentsNews Art and Architecture Culture Ecumenical & Interfaith Dialogue
Two world-class libraries launch online archive of ancient ScripturesBy Trevor Grundy| commentsNews Scripture and Theology
Will the new commission for the sex abuse crisis heal the past?By Caitlyn Schmid| commentsblog Sex and Sexuality Vatican
20 years ago in U.S. Catholic: Put something different under the treeOnline Editor| commentsArticle Saints, Feasts, and Seasons
Better Know A Parish: All Saints Catholic Church, Milwaukee, WisconsinOnline Editor| commentsArticle Parish Life
Activists end immigration fast as thousands of others take up the causeBy Lauren Markoe| commentsNews Immigration Politics
Surprise! It's Catholic social teaching!By Bryan Cones| commentsblog Ethic of Life Politics Social Justice Vatican
Special Section: Advent resources from U.S. CatholicOnline Editor| commentsArticle Saints, Feasts, and Seasons


text:
AMVETS Scholarship
Preview Mode
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Type: | Scholarship |
Amount: | $500/semester |
Website: | http://www.devry.edu |
Description: | |
Awarded on the basis of financial need, the DeVry University AMVETS Scholarship provides an exceptional opportunity to veterans of the military as well as their spouses and natural or adopted children to pursue more affordable higher education with financial aid awarded each semester | |
Additional Information | |
Open to new undergraduate and graduate students who are veterans (and their immediate family members) of the Army, Navy, Air Force, Marine Corps, Coast Guard, their respective reserve forces, the Air National Guard and the Army National Guard and who meet the following criteria established by both AMVETS and DeVry University. AMVETS Criteria: •Demonstrate financial need; not receiving 100% tuition reimbursement •Not an employee or family member of AMVETS National Headquarters or DeVry University •Submit a complete, signed AMVETS/DeVry University Scholarship Form (download from http://www.amvets.org/devry or call 877-726-8387, ext 4031) together with all supporting documentation: ◦Copy of Veteran's DD214 ◦Completed and signed copy of the applicant's or parent(s)/guardian(s) 2010 1040 tax return ◦Resume ◦Letter of recommendation ◦Essay on one of the following topics: What a Higher Education Means to Me, My Long Term Career Goal Is..., or America Needs to Support Veterans and the Active Duty Because (Essay should be double-spaced, typed in 12 point font on 8 1/2" x 11" paper and paper clipped, no staples.) AMVETS will provide a list of fifteen (15) ranked applicants to DeVry University. Of the fifteen (15) submitted, ten (10) will be selected and those remaining that meet the DeVry University requirements will receive awards the following semester. The selection of applicants will be made without regard to race, creed, color, national origin, condition or disability or any other unlawful consideration. DeVry University Criteria: •Has been selected by AMVETS and appears on AMVETS Scholarship candidate list •United States citizen or a legal resident •Applied for admission to an undergraduate or graduate degree program at DeVry University in the United States •Paid the application fee •Meets DeVry University current admissions requirements and has been accepted •Awarded the scholarship prior to starting classes at DeVry University Deadlines: Application Deadline Term Class start date May 30, 2011 Summer Session A Jul. 5, 2011 Aug. 1, 2011 Summer Session B Aug. 29, 2011 Sept. 30, 2011 Fall Session A Oct. 24, 2011 Dec. 2, 2011 Fall Session B Jan. 3, 2012 Jan. 30, 2012 Spring Session A Feb. 27, 2012 Apr. 1, 2012 Spring Session B Apr. 30, 2012 Award amount: $500 per semester (valued up to $9,000) Number available: 10 per semester (total of 30 scholarships or $270,000 annually) Continued eligibility: •Must maintain 2.5 CGPA •Student must be continually enrolled in DeVry Note: Recipients must notify DeVry University and AMVETS of their decision to accept or reject the award within 30 days of notification of their selection |


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Quantity and Character of Organic Matter in Marine Sediments
The term organic matter is used to designate that portion of a sediment which has arisen through organic activity and which contains carbon in any form other than carbonate. Because it is somewhat analogous to the humus fraction found in soils it may be termed "marine humus." Sometimes the expression decomposable organic matter is used to indicate that the material may be destroyed by organisms, particularly by bacteria.
The quantity and character of organic matter in marine sediments has been studied by a number of workers whose findings have been reviewed by Trask (1932, 1939). Although the organic matter rarely forms more than a small percentage of the sediments, it has received considerable attention for the following reasons:
The organic matter settling to the sea bottom in deep water is the only source of food for benthic animals and bacteria. Hence the quantity in the sediment and, particularly, the rate of supply in any locality will have a profound effect upon the population of bottom-living organisms.
The presence of organic matter and the changes brought about by organic activity, principally bacterial, influence the physical and chemical conditions which prevail in the sediment. These in turn may affect the character of the bottom fauna and the nature of the deposit.
The burial of the organic matter implies the removal from the water of carbon, nitrogen, and possibly other elements originally in solution.
Organic matter in sedimentary formations is considered to have been the source of petroleum. This theory has stimulated most of the investigations on the organic-matter content of recent sediments, as it has been thought that they would yield results which could be applied to the study of the source beds of petroleum and in the search for new oil fields.
The organic-matter content of pelagic sediments is approximately 1 per cent. Nearshore sediments generally contain somewhat larger amounts and average about 2.5 per cent. The extreme range is from less than 0.5 to more than 10 per cent. According to Trask (1939) the sediments of the North Pacific contain from 1 to 1.5 per cent, those of the South Pacific from 0.4 to 1.0 per cent, and those of the Atlantic from 0.3 to 1.5 per cent. The high values are found in bays and estuaries, in isolated basins near shore, in fjords, and in such landlocked regions as the Black Sea, Trask (1932) summarized the data available at that time concerning the distribution of organic matter in different areas and in different types of environments. Since then Gripenberg (1934) has investigated the Baltic Sea, Ström (1936) has made detailed studies of the Norwegian fjords, and Revelle and Shepard (1939) have reported on the conditions off the coast of California. The Meteor samples from the equatorial Atlantic have been discussed by Correns (1937, 1939) and the Carnegie samples of the Pacific were studied by Revelle (1936). Wiseman and Bennett (1940) have reported on the conditions in the Arabian Sea. Trask (1939) has again summarized the existing knowledge and given many references to detailed studies.
The quantity of organic matter may be estimated in various ways. The determination of the noncalcareous carbon by either wet or dry
Little is known concerning the chemical composition of the organic matter in marine sediments. Carbon forms from 50 to 60 per cent of the material, hence the ratio of organic matter to carbon varies between 1.67 and 2.0. Trask recommends the ratio of 1.8, which corresponds to a carbon content of 56 per cent. Various factors have been shown to influence the ratio. Plant material has a somewhat higher ratio than organic matter of animal origin and under stagnant conditions the ratio is lower than average. The nitrogen content of the organic matter is also affected somewhat by the source of the material and the conditions prevailing in the sediment. The carbon: nitrogen ratio varies between 8 and 12 and averages about 10, with the extreme values found by Trask as 5.5 and 20. Wiseman and Bennett (1940) found an even greater spread in the ratios, and for this reason do not consider nitrogen as an adequate measure of the organic matter. The average recommended by Trask is 10, which implies that the organic matter contains 56 per cent carbon and 5.6 per cent nitrogen. The organic matter which accumulates on the sea bottom represents the more or less resistant fraction of plant and animal origin. Although no specific compounds have been isolated it is possible to obtain some idea as to the character of the compounds by making selective extractions and analyses. The protein content is estimated by multiplying the organic nitrogen by the conventional factor of 6.25. Extraction with a fat solvent, such as ether or carbon tetrachloride, is made to determine the fatty materials present. By subtracting the protein and ether-soluble material from the total amount of organic matter the carbohydrate fraction is determined. Tables 115 and 116 (from Trask, 1939) show the character of the organic matter in various types of organisms and in marine sediments.
Organic-matter source | Crude protein | Ether extract | Carbohydrates | Crude fiber |
Peridineans | 14 | 1.5 | 85? | ? |
Diatoms | 29 | 8 | 63 | 0 |
Copepods | 65 | 8 | 22 | 0 |
Higher invertebrates | 70 | 10 | 20 | 0 |
Organic matter in marine sediments | 40 | 1 | 47 | 0 |
The ultimate source of the organic matter is within the euphotic zone, either in the sea or on land. The original plant material may find its way to the sea bottom or it may have undergone transformation into animal remains or their waste products or it may have been converted into bacterial cell structure before it is deposited. Organic matter produced on land may play a relatively important role in bays and estuaries and in areas of excessive runoff and low plankton production, such as the Baltic Sea (Gripenberg, 1934). Rafts of land vegetation may be carried away from the coast and fragments of these may settle to the sea bottom. In shallow water, particularly in relativley isolated environments, such attached aquatic plants as eel grasses have been shown to be important sources of organic matter (p. 303). However, for the ocean as a whole, the supply of organic material from land and from the attached plants is relatively insignificant and of local importance only, and it is the planktonic photosynthetic organisms which are the chief source of organic matter for marine sediments.
Organic-matter source | Percentage by weight | Ratio of organic matter to carbon | |||
Carbon | Nitrogen | Hydrogen | Oxygen | ||
Peridineans | 45 | 3 | 7 | 45 | 2.2 |
Diatoms | 50 | 6 | 8 | 36 | 2.0 |
Copepods | 50 | 10 | 8 | 32 | 2.0 |
Marine sediments | 56 | 6 | 8 | 30 | 1.8 |
Lithified sediments | 64 | 4 | 9 | 23 | 1.6 |
Since the potential supply to the bottom depends upon the production within the upper layers, there must be regional differences in the amount of organic matter in sediments related to the variations in the production. The organic material is light and sinks slowly, and it behaves in a manner similar to the finer fractions of the solid material. This resemblance is shown by the inverse relationship between the organic-matter content and the median diameter of the sediments in nearshore areas (Trask, 1932, 1939, Revelle and Shepard, 1939).
The cycle of regeneration of the elements involved in organic processes, that is, of decomposition of organic matter, has been described. It was shown that regeneration is relatively complete and that probably the greater part of the organic matter produced by the plants is mineralized before reaching the sea bottom. The amount of decomposition that will take place within the water depends upon a number of factors, such as the relation between plant production and consumption by the animals, the number and type of bacteria, and such other characteristics as the temperature of the water. The destruction of organic matter is a time-consuming process and will depend not only upon the organic activity but also upon the period during which such action can take place. For this reason the depth of water through which the organic matter may sink must be considered. The deeper the water, the longer the interval required to reach the bottom and the more likely the organic matter is to be destroyed. The presence or absence of dissolved oxygen in the water may have a profound effect upon the fate of the organic matter produced in the surface layers. In stagnant waters the destruction of organic material is not as complete as under oxidizing conditions and, hence, will tend to favor the deposition of organic matter on the sea floor. The factors that contribute to the development of stagnation are discussed elsewhere (p. 1026). One of these is the abudnant supply of organic material to the sea bottom in the absence of an adequate supply of oxygen; hence an abundant supply of organic matter tends to favor its own preservation.
Thus far, we have considered only the agencies operating within the water column. After reaching the sea bottom and even after burial, the transformation and destruction of organic matter by the bottom fauna and microorganisms is continued. The character and extent of these changes is again largely dependent upon the presence or absence of dissolved oxygen. The amount of organic matter reaching the bottom will tend to determine the number of benthic animals and microorganisms. In the absence of free oxygen only anaerobic organisms can thrive, hence the processes operative will be of a character dependent on this situation.
The relative rate of deposition of organic matter when compared with the nondecomposable material contributed to the sediment is an important factor. Although the supply of organic matter may be identical in two areas, the concentration and character of the material in the sediments may be profoundly different if there are different rates of deposition of the nondecomposable material. The latter will tend to dilute the organic matter and, furthermore, in areas of rapid deposition, burial soon after reaching the sea floor reduces the destruction by benthic animals. As emphasized elsewhere, the physical-chemical environment immediately at the surface of the sediment may be quite different from that only a few centimeters beneath. Where deposition is relatively rapid and,
From the foregoing discussion it is obvious that the environment of deposition, that is, the biological and physical-chemical conditions on and in the sediment, are probably the most important factors in determining the distribution of the organic matter. If conditions are established which are favorable to the preservation of organic matter, these will tend to be maintained.
To summarize the above generalizations, the following conditions will favor the formation of sediments rich in organic matter:
An abundant supply of organic matter.
A relatively rapid rate of accumulation of inorganic material, particulary if fine-grained.
A small supply of oxygen to the waters in contact with the sediments. The most extreme development of such conditions may be found in basins and landlocked regions where stagnation exists with the resulting exclusion of animal life.
The following factors will tend to favor the destruction of the organic matter and the formation of sediments low in organic material:
A small supply of organic matter.
Relatively slow rate of accumulation of nondecomposable material.
An abundant supply of oxygen.
With the above-mentioned points in mind, some of the differences in distribution of organic matter in oceanic sediments can be explained. The slow deposition under oxidizing conditions, characteristic of the pelagic sediments, leads to a relatively complete destruction of the organic matter, whereas in nearshore areas where deposition is rapid and in basins where stagnant conditions prevail, a much larger percentage of the organic matter may escape destruction. Furthermore, the absolute supply is probably smaller in oceanic areas than in the coastal regions where the organic production is generally greater.
Distribution of Organic Matter
Within restricted areas where the supply of organic matter to the bottom may be considered constant, it is possible to attribute local irregularities in the organic-matter content of the sediments to the effects of transporting agencies and topography. For example, in the southern California area (fig. 260) the organic content is low on the ridges and banks and high in the depressions and basins. These differences may be attributed to the more active benthic fauna that inhabit the topographic highs and the effects of currents which sweep the finely divided organic matter and the fine-grained sediments into the depressions. The latter environment favors the preservation of the organic matter.
The distribution of organic nitrogen in the sediments off the southern California coast. Compare with figs. 7 and 264. (From Revelle and Shepard, 1939, in Recent Marine Sediments, edited by Parker D. Trask. American Association of Petroleum Geologists, Tulsa.)
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The organic-matter content of terrigenous deposits is on the average higher than that of the pelagic deposits. According to Trask (1939), the averages are 2.5 and 1.0 per cent, respectively. As shown elsewhere (p. 1036), the rate of deposition of pelagic sediments is much less than that of terrigenous sediments, hence organic matter accumulates much more rapidly in nearshore deposits than in those of the open oceans. Trask (1939) assumed that the production of organic matter was uniform over the entire area of the oceans and attributed the more rapid accumulation in terrigenous deposits to the fact that the environment was less favorable to the destruction of organic matter on the sea bottom. However, the production cannot be assumed to be constant and the difference may be due entirely to the greater production in nearshore areas, particularly in those where upwelling and mixing are active. Until additional information is available concerning the differences in the supply of organic matter to the sea bottom it is impossible to evaluate the relative importance of supply and preservation as factors determining the organic content of the sediments. Correns (1937) attributes the higher organic content of the sediments near the African coast in the equatorial Atlantic to the larger production and, hence, greater potential supply in this region. Similarly, Wiseman and Bennett (1940) attribute the higher organic content of the nearshore sediments in the northwestern part of the Indian Ocean to the greater organic production in such areas.
Among the pelagic deposits there is less range in organic matter content. The fragmentary data available indicate that diatom oozes are the richest, followed by red clay and the calcareous oozes. Terrigenous diatomaceous deposits such as those in the Gulf of California (Revelle, personal communication) are among the richest group in their content of organic matter and may contain more than 10 per cent.
Studies of the variations in organic-matter content with depth and distance from shore generally show maxima at intermediate depths and distances. In some cases this feature is associated with basin conditions, as in the southern California area; in others it may be ascribed to the greater production or more rapid accumulation of clastic material or a combination of such factors near shore. The coarse sediments of the beach and shelf are generally low in organic matter.
Trask (1939) has summarized the organic content found in various types of shallow-water environments. These data show that shelf sediments generally contain between 2.0 and 3.0 per cent with higher values
Within the marine sediments there is generally a decrease in organic content with depth in the deposit. Correns (1937), Revelle and Shepard (1939), and Wiseman and Bennett (1940) have all reported this characteristic distribution. Within the upper 50 cm of the core as collected, the organic matter generally decreases to about two thirds of its value in the superficial layers. Irregularities in the content may usually be correlated with changes in the character of the deposit. The decrease is attributed to destruction due to bacterial activity after burial. The decrease in organic matter with depth in the sediment is accompanied by a marked decrease in the number of bacteria. Offhand, it might appear that the residual organic matter is of such a type that it cannot be attacked by bacteria. However, this is certainly not true of terrigenous sediments, and the meager data indicate that the organic matter in pelagic deposits is also subject to bacterial destruction. When brought into the laboratory, marine sediments will support large and active bacterial populations which rapidly attack the organic matter (Anderson, 1939). Under the environment prevailing in the buried sediment on the sea bottom, it is possible that biological activity has practically ceased. Nevertheless, viable bacteria are always present and if the environment is changed, say, by bringing the material into the laboratory, active growth and metabolism will result in the further alteration and oxidation of the organic matter.
The percentage of organic matter has been shown to be inversely related to the texture and it has been pointed out that the oxidation-reduction potential may be related to the organic content. Various workers have drawn attention to relationships between the organic matter and other constituents of the sediments. Correns (1937, 1939) obtained a linear relationship between organic matter and calcium carbonate and concluded that the calcareous material contained about 0.2 per cent organic matter and that the noncalcareous material contained a constant proportion of organic matter. Correns' data also show a general relationship between the organic matter and the phosphate in the sediments. Revelle (1936), from an examination of the Carnegie


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The arrival of fall means many things. To me, one of them is making treats using fall ingredients like apples and pumpkin. Last week I set out to find a pumpkin recipe that would be moderately healthy so I wouldn't feel guilty eating some of it. I settled on this chocolate chip pumpkin bread from Cooking Light because pumpkin and chocolate sounded like a great combination.
This bread is wonderful. It comes together easily (no mixer required) and baked up beautifully. It's incredibly moist and I thought it had a good chocolate to pumpkin ratio. This recipe makes two loaves so I've got a second one in the freezer when the craving strikes!
Chocolate Chip Pumpkin Bread
from Cooking Light
2 cups sugar
2 cups canned pumpkin
1/2 cup canola oil
1/2 cup fat-free vanilla pudding (I used vanilla yogurt)
4 large egg whites
3 cups all-purpose flour
2 teaspoons ground cinnamon
1 1/4 teaspoons salt
1 teaspoon baking soda
1 cup semisweet chocolate chips
Cooking spray
Preheat oven to 350 F.
Combine first 5 ingredients in a large bowl, stirring well with a whisk. Lightly spoon flour into dry measuring cups; level with a knife. Combine flour, cinnamon, salt, and baking soda in a medium bowl, stirring well with a whisk. Add flour mixture to pumpkin mixture, stirring just until moist. Stir in chocolate chips.
Spoon batter into 2 (8 x 4-inch) loaf pans coated with cooking spray. Bake at 350 F for 1 hour and 15 minutes or until a wooden pick inserted in the center comes out clean. Cool 10 minutes in pans on a wire rack, and remove from pans. Cool completely on wire rack.


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I belong to another site and they have opportunities for product testing. They chose me to test the Thermacell Lantern. There is not one remotely negative thing I could possibly say about this product...once again the company has produced a fine product. It operates just like the Thermacells most of us are familiar with, but in a lantern form. The lantern works independent of the bug repellent on 4 AA batteries. There are LED bulbs that operate off a High -Low switch so even when the bug repellent isn't needed you have a hand held lantern with a nice easy grip handle.
If you fish at night...go night crawler hunting...sit on the deck with friends or work on your lawn mower in the drive...You can't go wrong picking up one of these.


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Use this embosser to imprint basketweave pattern onto the side of your fondant cake after the cake has been covered with fondant.
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The Gut-Wrenching Science Behind the World's Hottest Peppers
Chiliheads crave the heat that hurts so good, but nothing compares to the legendary superhot that spices life in remote India
- By Mary Roach
- Smithsonian magazine, June 2013, Subscribe
The 17 tribes of Nagaland are united, historically, by an enthusiasm for heads. The Nagas: Hill Peoples of Northeast India—my reading matter on the two-hour drive from Dimapur to Kohima, in the state of Nagaland —contains dozens of references to head-taking but only one mention of the item that has brought me here: the Naga King Chili (a.k.a. Bhut Jolokia), often ranked the world's hottest. "In the Chang village of Hakchang," the anthropologist J. H. Hutton is quoted as saying in 1922, "...women whose blood relations on the male side have taken a head may cook the head, with chilies, to get the flesh off." Hutton's use of "cook" would seem to be a reference to Chang culinary practice. Only on rereading did I realize the Chang weren't eating the chilies—or the flesh, for that matter—but using them to clean the skull.
Such is the perplexing contradiction of the genus Capsicum: condiment and industrial solvent, pleasure and pain. I've come to Nagaland to confront the conundrum on its home turf at the annual all-tribe get-together, the Hornbill Festival, which includes a Naga King Chili-Eating Competition.
The last known head-taking raid occurred sometime in the last century. (The verb "taking" is preferred over hunting. You do not hunt heads. You hunt people and then take their heads.) Most Nagas are Baptists now. Nonetheless, they appear to have pride in their gruesome heritage. A crossbeam on the front of the Chang exhibit building on the festival grounds is decorated with a row of cephalic bas-reliefs; lest anyone mistake them for family portraiture, the neck stalks drip red.
Men in loincloths stand outside on a break from rehearsing a warrior dance. I hold out a Bhut Jolokia I've been carrying in my jacket like a concealed weapon. I want to see who's tough enough. Only one man steps closer. He points to the chili and uses an English word all Chang men know. "One of the enemy!"
It's a sensible assessment. The chili pepper does not want to be your friend. It wants to hurt you so badly you turn it loose. Plants cannot bare teeth or run for the hills; they must protect themselves passively. Some are horribly bitter. Others, less forgiving, are poisonous. Capsaicin, the primary active ingredient in hot peppers, falls into the category of irritant, but that's an insult to its power. (Chemical irritation, or chemical feel, is the third of the chemical senses, along with smell and taste.) Capsaicin in the eyes or airways is disabling to the extent that it is used as a nonlethal weapon—pepper spray. Bhut Jolokia grenades were developed several years ago by India's Defence Research and Development Organization and used on protesters in Kashmir. (The grenades were shelved because the chili powder is prone to fungal rot.) Both the eyes and the airways are extremely sensitive, far more so than the skin or tongue. This is normally—outside of protests and riots—a good thing, because seeing and breathing are crucial to survival; the sensitivity of these organs and tissues motivates their owner to keep them safe.
Less immediate but no less excruciating are the effects on the digestive tract. As I'm about to see.
The Naga "national anthem" is a long song with an unusually vigorous horn section, or perhaps it only seems so to those of us seated in the bleachers right next to a two-story bank of speakers. Today's Hornbill Festival program begins with a unity dance, in which each tribe showcases its unique cultural heritage and way of being loud. Old-timey muskets are fired. Drums galore. Someone wheels out a gong. The Chang's warrior dance is accompanied by a maniacal whinnying cry that, even without amplification, can be heard all the way to the parking lot. "Ladies and gentleman, the Naga Pipers!" Somebody, somewhere in Nagaland history, for some reason, presented one of the tribes with bagpipes, and apparently it stuck. I gather what's left of my hearing and flee.
I wind up behind the main stage just as the chili-eating competition is announced—an hour earlier than scheduled. While contestants take their seats onstage, an emcee recites rules. Competitors have 20 seconds to eat as many chilies as they can. Peppers must be chewed at least three times, to ensure the release of the pain-causing ingredient; the highest concentration of capsaicin is in the lining of the pepper—its placenta—and the seeds. (The chili plant, like any good mother, is protective of its offspring.)
Most of the dozen or so contestants are local residents: Nagas sufficiently tough or needy to endure the agony for a chance at the prize. (First place is $600.) Four are tourists: an Australian man, a man and a woman from Liverpool, and, inexplicably, Pu Zozam, a member of Parliament from neighboring Myanmar. Six teenage helpers in red and green Christmas dresses (it's December) hand out bottles of water and bowls of Nestlé powdered "dairy whitener." There is a school of thought that dairy products soothe the burn. It is true that capsaicin dissolves better in oil than in water, and milk (as well as powdered ersatz milk) has lots of fat. They will need whatever help it provides. In various tests carried out at the Indian Defence Research Laboratory and at New Mexico State University's Chile Pepper Institute, the Bhut Jolokia has ranged from 500,000 to 1.5 million Scoville heat units (SHU). A chili that scores in excess of one million SHU qualifies as a "superhot." By way of comparison, a jalapeño is around 4,000 SHU. (The Scoville number refers to how much dilution would be needed to render the heat imperceptible.)
"Ladies and gentlemen, your time starts now!"
The event itself is surprisingly low-key. The mood is one of stoic grimness. No one is screaming in pain. No one will be scarred by the heat. That's not how capsaicin works. It only feels hot. The human tongue has pain receptors that respond to a certain intensity of temperature or acid. These nerve fibers send a signal to the brain, which it forwards to your conscious self in the form of a burning sensation. Capsaicin lowers the threshold at which this happens. It registers "hot" at room temperature. "It trips the alarm," says Bruce Bryant, a senior researcher at the Monell Chemical Senses Center in Philadelphia. "It says, 'Get this out of your mouth right now!'" The chili pepper tricks you into setting it free.
The whole affair is beginning to seem like an anticlimax when I look up from my notes to see Pu Zozam headed my way. I have seen people stagger in movies, but never for real directly in my sightline. Zozam's legs buckle as he tries to keep walking. He goes down onto one knee and collapses sideways onto the floor. He rolls onto his back, arms splayed and palms up. He's making sounds that are hard to transcribe. Mostly vowels. After a minute he rolls back onto his side and raises his head to retch. A doctor prepares a hypodermic of dicyclomine. The drug is more typically administered to people with irritable bowel syndrome, to relieve cramping. Cramps and regurgitation are body responses to gastrointestinal irritation. (This is why people throw up when they drink too much, too fast; alcohol is an irritant.) "The cramp is quite severe," Catherine Burns, the contestant from Liverpool, told me later. She recalls sitting cross-legged with her fellow contestants afterward. Not good enough, her body informed her. "I suddenly just had to recline."
Someone has unbuttoned Zozam's waistband and shirt. Cold water bottles are pressed to his bare mounded belly. Others are cracked open and emptied over his head and his feet, now bare as well. Capsaicin is vasoactive. It opens up the peripheral circulation, dilating vessels in the skin and creating the sensation of being flushed. Pu Zozam is having the mother of all hot flashes. This is one reason capsaicin is used topically, for muscle pain. It's a natural heating pad.
Zozam managed five chilies. The winner, Namlui Rongmei, finished 14. He's crouched on the floor, glassy-eyed. I see him reach for the hem of the doctor's white coat. A man behind me squats in the shrubbery, checking his smartphone while he waits for the vomiting to commence. He has been through this before. Incredibly, many contestants are repeat customers. Rongmei was last year's runner-up. Surely there's a better way to pay the rent. To quote a billboard just outside town, "Take up bee farming."
Subscribe now for more of Smithsonian's coverage on history, science and nature.
Related topics: Food and Drink Rituals and Traditions India
Comments (15) |
I Tried Bhut Jolokia, and it is definitely is the hottest in the world I have evet eaten.
Posted by Marco Daccarett on November 11,2013 | 06:08 AM
Does anyone know what the hottest wild (naturally occurring) chili pepper is? These crazy hybrids are interesting, but I'd like to know what evolution came up with on its own.
Posted by Andrew of New Mexico on July 1,2013 | 03:19 PM
That's hot!
Posted by Prasad Ajinkya on June 24,2013 | 05:38 AM
This is a real Naga story way back in the early times. There was a grandma who lived with her grandson, was sick for most of the time. Since the grandma never got well, the grandson thought he would cook Naga Red Chili in the food to kill his grandma as he was tired of looking after her. He added 30 chilies in the food. So thinking that his grandma would die when she eats the food, he went for hunting in the jungle. So when he returned back, to his surprise, he saw grandma working so hard in the garden. So to all, this chili, we, Nagas treat as a medicine for all diseases (not to be taken in excess). There is already a Naga Vodka introduced recently from this chili. Should you have anything to know about the Nagas, you can always contact through emails.
Posted by Mao Naga on June 23,2013 | 03:11 AM
Catherine Burnes,,my chilli queen,hats off to you...
Posted by merinpole sangma on June 21,2013 | 12:32 AM
Wow!!!! In my middle age, I can barely manage the comparatively mild Hungarian wax pepper.
Posted by Julieann Wozniak on June 21,2013 | 01:48 PM
Good article on the King chilli. It doesn't mention here that touching the chilli can burn your hands. Some say that even placing the chilli in a small room can cause your eyes to smart. Whatever, the taste of this chilli is so good one becomes an addict.
Posted by Sriram Iyer on June 17,2013 | 02:18 AM
Great story! I've always wanted to try the Bhut Jolokia , otherwise known as Ghost Chilli I believe. Like you mention, I find you can change the flavour of a spicy dish so much simply by changing your chilli. To date, Habanero is my favourite tasting chilli to both cook with and nibble on raw... Yum!
Posted by Graeme on June 17,2013 | 01:58 AM
Posted by vanessa on June 15,2013 | 07:48 AM
These chili's are radical hybrids of chili's from the Americas, where all chili's originated. Like black pepper from India, they have certainly traveled far and wide! Rage on!
Posted by mario on June 7,2013 | 04:52 AM
What "dictatorial words"? Roach could have written "The Bhut Jolokia is superhot but delicious" but where's the fun in that?
Posted by Laura from Pasadena on June 1,2013 | 01:53 AM
Remindsme of the Simpsones when Homer ate Chief wiggins Chilli:-)
Posted by Jon Braid on May 28,2013 | 03:59 AM
It would have been an interesting story if better written and if we didn't have to "dig through" that sludgepile of dictatorial words to get to the meat or the 'heat' of the story.
Posted by Renee Greene on May 27,2013 | 03:37 PM
Hi Mary, i think you might have mixed up the Trinidad Scorpion pepper origin. It should be the island in the Caribbean, Trinidad and Tobago. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trinidad_Scorpion_Butch_T_pepper
Posted by Dave Sharma on May 27,2013 | 11:33 AM


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Melanoma is a unique type of cancer normally arising in the skin arising from melanocytes. Melanocytes make a cell pigment melanin; this is present to protect the skin from ultraviolet damage. A melanoma may begin in a mole but can also begin in other pigmented tissues such as in the eye or the intestines.
Malignant melanoma is a relatively uncommon cancer in the UK where it comprises only 1% of cancers and only 1200 deaths per year; however, there are some data to suggest that the incidence is rising. By contrast, the incidence in Queensland, Australia, where a Caucasian population are heavily exposed to sunlight, is 5 per 1,000 of the population indicating the breadth of incidence of this highly fatal cancer across the globe. Whilst the incidence of melanoma is highest in Australia, there is good evidence that the incidence in Europe and America is rising. In the European population, the increase in incidence has been linked to a greater opportunity for foreign travel and sunbathing holidays. This increased chance of taking holidays in the sun may in part explain why there is a higher incidence of the disease in higher social classes In America, the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) study showed a steady increase in incidence of cutaneous melanoma at various latitudes, again reinforcing the sunshine exposure risk factor. The disease is more common in women by a factor of approximately twofold - in Europe and America (but not in Australia). Also, there is a tendency for melanoma to occur on the trunk in men and extremities in women; facial melanoma tends to be a disease of the elderly. Mucosal melanoma is relatively more common in dark skinned races, in whom the incidence of skin melanoma is less frequent.
The most characteristic feature associated with a melanoma is the black colour of the skin lesion. Whilst some malignant melanomas arise from benign naevi ('moles') the majority arise from normal skin. The development of a black skin lesion must never be ignored and the changes within a pre-existing skin lesion, particularly of its size, shape and colour should all alert the patient and doctors. The development of bleeding, crusting and a change in sensation or inflammation in a skin lesion merits further assessment.
A proportion of patients may present with signs or symptoms of disseminated melanoma. These may include the development of lymph nodes or skin nodules; pain from metastases, weight loss or neurological symptoms if there has been spread to the brain or spine.
There are several clinically recognised types of presentation: the first is the superficial spreading type of melanoma (up to 2/3 of cases) where a flat, coloured skin lesion progressively grows irregularly in the skin, typically on the limbs.
The nodular melanoma has more substance to it, is frequently faster growing and tends to be a rounder nodular skin lump, such nodular cases account for up to 20% of all cases.
The rarer types of melanoma are the lentigo maligna melanoma which is a very slow growing flat skin lesion growing on the face of typically elderly and female patients and the acral type which is found on the palms and soles and mucosal membranes and typically encountered in Asian and black peoples.
Local disease
In most patients, surgery is required to remove (or excise) the entire tumour. Generally, one to two centimetres of normal skin surrounding the lesion must also be removed. Occasionally, skin grafting may be necessary to promote healing and replace skin that has been removed.
If an enlarged lymph node (or gland) is present, it may be biopsied at the time of the wide local excision. Even if enlarged lymph nodes cannot be detected, the lymph nodes may be evaluated during or after the surgical removal of the melanoma.
In the majority of cases, enlarged lymph nodes are not visible, and the only way to determine if they are affected is to take a sample of the lymph node during surgery. The sample is then examined under a microscope to determine if abnormal cells are present. This is typically accomplished with a surgical technique known as sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy.
The sentinel lymph node (SLN) technique is based upon the theory that when tumour cells migrate, they spread to one or a few lymph nodes before involving other nodes. Further, these nodes can be identified by injecting a blue dye or radioactive material around the primary tumour before the wide local excision, and then searching for the node that has taken up the dye or the radioactive tracer at the time of surgery.
SLN biopsy has become the standard technique for assessing the status of regional lymph nodes and is recommended for staging of most patients with newly diagnosed primary melanomas. However, patients whose melanomas are less than 1 mm in thickness (thin melanomas) may not require SLN, since the likelihood of tumour spread to the regional lymph nodes is less than 10 percent.
In contrast, SLN biopsy may be advised for thin melanomas with other high-risk features, such as ulceration, Clark's level IV or V (the tumour has invaded deeper levels of the skin), or if there are significant areas of regression (spontaneous loss of tumour cells).
Based upon the pathologic disease stage, the optimal treatment is chosen. For patients with localized disease who have no evidence of distant metastases, the goals of treatment are:
There are now data, not convincing to all but enough to have changed current, standard practice in the USA, to support the routine use of adjuvant alpha interferon (in high dosage and after surgery) for such high risk patients without metastatic disease to distant organs.
Alpha interferon adjuvant therapy in stage 2 and 3 disease is still under investigation, but at present it is the only
Advanced disease
Treatment of advanced metastatic melanoma focuses on shrinking or eliminating the metastatic lesions, preventing further spread of the disease, and ensuring patient comfort. In most cases, it is not possible to completely eliminate the cancer. Depending on the location and extent of the metastases, treatment may involve the use of medical treatments (chemotherapy or immunotherapy), surgery, or radiation therapy.
Chemotherapy and immunotherapy treatments may be given alone or in combination. Most of these treatments must be given into a vein (intravenously) or injected under the skin, although a few can be given in pill form.
Each medication is given over a period of time, often several months or more, depending upon how the patient responds. Patients are monitored for signs of drug toxicity or side effects. Many side effects are temporary and can be managed so that patient discomfort is minimised.
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