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Arab Spring Threatened By Ethnic And Religious Divisions
Recently I've become pretty disappointed with the New York Times, and this has all to do with their response to the Bin Laden killing. Their reporting was jingoistic, even nationalistic, up to the point of being an uncritical cheering of actions of a president clearly violating international and domestic law. When such things happen, one's reminded that the NYT is basically nothing but an establishment newspaper that will never really be a truly critical government watchdog (and think about their refusal to call the Bush torture methods what they are: torture).
That aside, however, sometimes they have articles that remind why despite of that the NYT, in terms of the technical craft of journalism, is still undisputedly the best newspaper in the world. Maybe not the most critical, but at least the one with the ability to write huge pieces full of insight and a broad scope, sometimes even being almost literary in style.
The piece below, about the aftermath of the Arab Spring revolutions, is such an article. It covers the countries that have recently witnessed revolutions or failed attempts at making them, and how the legacy of that is now threatened by internal disputes based on old ethnic and religious divisions. It's a very sad story actually, about the promise of a new national identity and citizenship versus ancient hatreds, and one can only hope that the great civic protests of 2011 will not have been in vain.
The revolutions and revolts in the Arab world, playing out over just a few months across two continents, have proved so inspirational to so many because they offer a new sense of national identity built on the idea of citizenship.
But in the past weeks, the specter of divisions — religion in Egypt, fundamentalism in Tunisia, sect in Syria and Bahrain, clan in Libya — has threatened uprisings that once seemed to promise to resolve questions that have vexed the Arab world since the colonialism era.
From the fetid alleys of Imbaba, the Cairo neighborhood where Muslims and Christians have fought street battles, to the Syrian countryside, where a particularly deadly crackdown has raised fears of sectarian score-settling, the question of identity may help determine whether the Arab Spring flowers or withers. Can the revolts forge alternative ways to cope with the Arab world's variety of clans, sects, ethnicities and religions?
The old examples have been largely of failure: the rule of strongmen in Egypt, Syria, Libya and Yemen; a fragile equilibrium of fractious communities in Lebanon and Iraq; the repressive paternalism of the Persian Gulf, where oil revenues are used to buy loyalty.
"I think the revolutions in a way, in a distant way, are hoping to retrieve" this sense of national identity, said Sadiq al-Azm, a prominent Syrian intellectual living in Beirut.
"The costs otherwise would be disintegration, strife and civil war," Mr. Azm said. "And this was very clear in Iraq."
In an arc of revolts and revolution, that idea of a broader citizenship is being tested as the enforced silence of repression gives way to the cacophony of diversity. Security and stability were the justification that strongmen in the Arab world offered for repression, often with the sanction of the United States; the essence of the protests in the Arab Spring is that people can imagine an alternative.
But even activists admit that the region so far has no model that enshrines diversity and tolerance without breaking down along more divisive identities.
In Tunisia, a relatively homogenous country with a well-educated population, fault lines have emerged between the secular-minded coasts and the more religious and traditional inland.
The tensions shook the nascent revolution there this month when a former interim interior minister, Farhat Rajhi, suggested in an online interview that the coastal elite, long dominant in the government, would never accept an electoral victory by Tunisia's Islamist party, Ennahda, which draws most of its support inland.
"Politics was in the hands of the people of the coast since the start of Tunisia," Mr. Rajhi said. "If the situation is reversed now, they are not ready to give up ruling." He warned that Tunisian officials from the old government were preparing a military coup if the Islamists won elections in July. "If Ennahda rules, there will be a military regime."
In response, protesters poured back out into the streets of Tunis for four days of demonstrations calling for a new revolution. The police beat them back with batons and tear gas, arrested more than 200 protesters and imposed a curfew on the city.
In Cairo, the sense of national identity that surged at the moment of revolution — when hundreds of thousands of people of all faiths celebrated in Tahrir Square with chants of "Hold your head high, you are an Egyptian"— has given way to a week of religious violence pitting the Coptic Christian minority against their Muslim neighbors, reflecting long-smoldering tensions that an authoritarian state may have muted, or let fester.
At a rally this month in Tahrir Square to call for unity, Coptic Christians were conspicuously absent, thousands of them gathering nearby for a rally of their own. And even among some Muslims at the unity rally, suspicions were pronounced.
"As Muslims, our sheiks are always telling us to be good to Christians, but we don't think that is happening on the other side," said Ibrahim Sakr, 56, a chemistry professor, who asserted that Copts, who make up about 10 percent of the population, still consider themselves "the original" Egyptians because their presence predates Islam.
In Libya, supporters of Col. Muammar el-Qaddafi acknowledge that his government banks on fears of clan rivalries and possible partition to stay in power in a country with deep regional differences.
Officials say that the large extended clans of the west that contribute most of the soldiers to Colonel Qaddafi's forces will never accept any revolution arising from the east, no matter what promises the rebels make about universal citizenship in a democratic Libya with its capital still in the western city of Tripoli.
The rebels say the revolution can forge a new identity.
"Qaddafi looks at Libya as west and east and north and south," said Jadella Shalwee, a Libyan from Tobruk who visited Tahrir Square last weekend in a pilgrimage of sorts. "But this revolt has canceled all that. This is about a new beginning," he said, contending that Colonel Qaddafi's only supporters were "his cousins and his family."
"Fear" is what Gamal Abdel Gawad, the director of the Ahram Center for Political and Strategic Studies in Cairo, called it — the way that autocrats win support because people "are even more scared of their fellow citizens."
Nowhere is that perhaps truer than in Syria, with a sweeping revolt against four decades of rule by one family and a worsening of tensions among a Sunni Muslim majority and minorities of Christians and heterodox Muslims, the Alawites.
Mohsen, a young Alawite in Syria, recounted a slogan that he believes, rightly or not, was chanted at some of the protests there: "Christians to Beirut and the Alawites to the coffin."
"Every week that passes," he lamented, speaking by telephone from Damascus, the Syrian capital, "the worse the sectarian feelings get."
The example of Iraq comes up often in conversations in Damascus, as does the civil war in Lebanon. The departure of Jews, who once formed a vibrant community in Syria, remains part of the collective memory, illustrating the tenuousness of diversity. Syria's ostensibly secular government, having always relied on Alawite strength, denounces the prospect of sectarian differences while, its critics say, fanning the flames. The oft-voiced formula is, by now, familiar: after us, the deluge.
"My Alawite friends want me to support the regime, and they feel if it's gone, our community will be finished," said Mohsen, the young Alawite in Damascus, who asked that only his first name be used because he feared reprisal. "My Sunni friends want me to be against the regime, but I feel conflicted. We want freedom, but freedom with stability and security."
That he used the mantra of years of Arab authoritarianism suggested that people still, in the words of one human rights activist, remain "hostage to the lack of possibilities" in states that, with few exceptions, have failed to come up with a sense of self that transcends the many divides.
"This started becoming a self-fulfilling myth," said Mr. Azm, the Syrian intellectual.
"It was either our martial law or the martial law of the Islamists," he added. "The third option was to divide the country into ethnicities, sects and so on."
Despite a wave of repression, crackdown and civil war, hope and optimism still pervade the region, even in places like Syria, the setting of one of the most withering waves of violence. There, residents often speak of a wall of fear crumbling. Across the Arab world, there is a renewed sense of a collective destiny that echoes the headiest days of Arab nationalism in the 1950s and '60s and perhaps even transcends it.
President Obama, in his speech on Thursday about the changes in the Arab world, spoke directly to that feeling. "Divisions of tribe, ethnicity and religious sect were manipulated as a means of holding on to power, or taking it away from somebody else. But the events of the past six months show us that strategies of repression and strategies of diversion will not work anymore."
But no less pronounced are the old fears of zero-sum power, where one side wins and the other inevitably loses. From a Coptic Christian in Cairo to an Alawite farmer in Syria, discussions about the future are posed in terms of survival. Differences in Lebanon, a country that celebrates and laments the diversity of its 18 religious communities, are so pronounced that even soccer teams have a sectarian affiliation.
In Beirut, wrecked by a war over the country's identity and so far sheltered from the gusts of change, activists have staged a small sit-in for two months to call for something different, in a plea that resonates across the Arab world.
The Square of Change, the protesters there have nicknamed it, and their demand is blunt: Citizenship that unites, not divides.
"We are not 'we' yet," complained Tony Daoud, one of the activists. "What do we mean when we say 'we'? 'We' as what? As a religion, as a sect, as human beings?"


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Quality and Outcomes Reports - Neonatology
Volume - Average Daily Census
Why we measure it - Research shows that physicians and hospitals that treat a large number of patients tend to provide better care and have improved outcomes for treatments and procedures.
What this means - The Neonatal Intensive Care Unit's average daily census has been near capacity for the last four years. In 2010, the NICU and Neonatal Progressive Care Unit, which is an extension of the NICU, expanded their space to 59 beds to accommodate more infants.
About the data - These data reflect the average number of babies cared for on a daily basis in the NICU and NPCU during the given year.
Related dimensions of care:
What we're doing to provide the best care:
- Children's Hospital of Wisconsin has the only Level 3C Neonatal Intensive Care Unit in the state, the highest level acknowledged by the American Academy of Pediatrics, capable of caring for any newborn regardless of diagnosis.
- Through the Fetal Concerns Center of Wisconsin, we can diagnose many birth defects and other health concerns in unborn babies and offer counseling and coordinated medical care for mother and baby. This allows families and staff time to anticipate needs and plan care, which improves the care provided at birth.
- The Froedtert & Medical College Birth Center is located inside Children's Hospital to reduce the time it takes to get a fragile newborn into surgery. Research shows outcomes improve when the delivery room and operating room are close together. This also offers families the added convenience of having mother and baby hospitalized near one another.
- We have a highly specialized Children's Transport Team available 24 hours a day to stabilize and transport seriously sick and injured infants and children to our center. Close to 1,500 transports are provided each year.
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e-Consult is not to be used by the general public, parents/guardians or families. - Care guidelines for medical professionals
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subset: commoncrawl


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Welcome to CowboysZone! Join us! Come on! You know you want to!
You cannot post in the chat room because you have not posted enough in the forums!
Boston College vs. Connecticutt
Discussion in 'Sports Zone' started by Hostile, Sep 17, 2004.
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Carfax Car fax problems complaints salvage title auto appraiser
Friday, May 14th, 2010auto appraiser Jason Phillips points out that the buyback guarantee you receive is not as it seems. "We tested this out when a client came to me after totaling their car and was $5,000 short of payoff". The insurance adjuster on the case noted that the car had multiple previous repairs that were physically obvious, but went unnoticed by the new owner. She had purchased her used 2002 Pontiac Bonneville only 11 months earlier, and paid "all the money" for it in my opinion. She ran a CARFAX report, and the car came up clear of any major problems. Trusting this, she purchased. However, when I subpoenaed the records on the case, I found dealer from Grand Rapids Mi. had purchased it two weeks earlier, from a Michigan based dealer auction, that reports weekly to carfax. Further, the records indicate that GMAC financial announced the car on the podium AS-IS, previous repairs, and turned on the "red light". The whole thing was recorded. to add insult to injury, we re-ran a carfax, now 14 months later, and the car was STILL coming up clean, with no bad history! So, who's at fault here? The seller reported, the auction recorded, and the system was in place. In short, carfax denied any wrong doing. they're response was…."well how were we supposed to report it, if nobody reported it to us?" Ultimately, the customer suffered in the end. The expense of an attorney, appraiser, fight with their insurance company, and all the lost time. Who pays for that? Unsuspecting customers that trust the system, that's who. Their ads are cute, but very misleading. My advice….have it professionally inspected.


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March 25, 2011Cyclists Urged to Prep Their Bodies for the Long Haul FRIDAY, March 25 (HealthDay News) -- People looking for a cardiovascular workout that doesn't stress or put weight on their joints sometimes turn to biking. Rather than a 30-minute jog or a quick pick-up game of basketball, they can spend hours on the bike, with little or no joint strain. Study Highlights How Moms' Depression, Anger Stresses Kids FRIDAY, March 25 (HealthDay News) -- Even very young children can get stressed by depressed parents who display negative emotions toward them, researchers confirm. Health Tip: Why Baby Gets Diaper Rash (HealthDay News) -- A baby's sensitive bottom may develop a rash from sitting too long in a soiled diaper. But that's not the only trigger that can cause the problem. Health Tip: Walking Helps You Stay Healthier (HealthDay News) -- The American Podiatric Medical Association discusses a great form of exercise that requires no special skill, no membership at the local gym, and no special equipment: walking. Taking Responsibility for Own Health Often Not Enough FRIDAY, March 25 (HealthDay News) -- Most people want to take responsibility for their health but many fail to follow through with healthy lifestyle habits, finds a new survey. Nick Jonas Lives Large, Despite Diabetes FRIDAY, March 25 (HealthDay News) -- Teen superstar Nick Jonas may be the picture of health today, but five years ago his body was wasting away. Even at 13, Jonas knew something was wrong. He just didn't know what. Poor Eating Habits May Lead to Anemia in Older Women FRIDAY, March 25 (HealthDay News) -- A poor diet is associated with a greater risk of developing anemia among postmenopausal women, a new study has found. Primary Care Docs Often Overlook Short Stature in Girls FRIDAY, March 25 (HealthDay News) -- Short girls are less likely than short boys to be referred for tests that could reveal underlying medical reasons for their stature, researchers have found. Prenatal Alcohol Exposure Linked to Behavior Problems in Teens FRIDAY, March 25 (HealthDay News) -- Teens whose mothers drank alcohol regularly throughout the first trimester of pregnancy have a threefold increased risk of developing severe behavior problems, a new study warns. Stress May Alter Gut Bacteria to Hinder Immune System FRIDAY, March 25 (HealthDay News) -- Researchers have found that stress can alter the balance of bacteria that live in the intestine, leading to immune system problems. For Lung Disorder, Spiriva Beat Serevent in Head-to-Head Trial WEDNESDAY, March 23 (HealthDay News) -- People with moderate-to-severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) use inhaled long-acting bronchodilators to control symptoms and reduce flare-ups, but which type of drug is best hasn't been clear. Interest in Toys May Predict Success of Autism Home Therapy FRIDAY, March 25 (HealthDay News) -- The level of interest toddlers with early signs of autism show in toys may predict how well they will respond to a parent-guided treatment program, a new study suggests. Gender May Play Role in Psych Symptoms in Kids With Epilepsy FRIDAY, March 25 (HealthDay News) -- Children with epilepsy are at increased risk for psychiatric symptoms and gender may play a role in the types of psychiatric problems they develop, a new study has found. Animal 'Hoarding' Often Tied to Mental Illness FRIDAY, March 25 (HealthDay News) -- A small army of animal welfare workers spent nearly 10 hours removing hundreds of sick and dying animals from a rural North Carolina property in one of the United States' larger animal-hoarding cases. Alcohol May Play Dual Role in Some Cases of Elder Abuse FRIDAY, March 25 (HealthDay News) -- Seniors who suffer elder abuse are more likely to be women, to have a neurological or mental disorder and to abuse drugs or alcohol, new research indicates. Laughter, Music May Lower Blood Pressure, Study Says FRIDAY, March 25 (HealthDay News) -- Laughter and music not only lift the mood, they might also drop blood pressure among middle-aged adults, a new study suggests. Short Course of Hormone Therapy Boosts Prostate Cancer Survival: Study THURSDAY, March 24 (HealthDay News) -- Just six months of hormone therapy, along with radiation, cuts the risk of dying from locally advanced prostate cancer in half when compared to radiation alone, researchers report. Brain Stimulation Might Help Stroke Patients With Swallowing Problems FRIDAY, March 25 (HealthDay News) -- Electrical stimulation of the brain could help stroke patients avoid potentially dangerous problems with swallowing, preliminary research indicates. Health Highlights: March 25, 2011 Here are some of the latest health and medical news developments, compiled by the editors of HealthDay: Clinical Trials Update: March 25, 2011 (HealthDay News) -- Here are the latest clinical trials, courtesy of ClinicalConnection.com: Drug Approved for Late-Stage Melanoma FRIDAY, March 25 (HealthDay News) -- The drug Yervoy (ipilimumab) has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration to treat late-stage melanoma, the deadliest form of skin cancer. |
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Storm, Tigers bounce back strong
The Bureau Valley Storm and Princeton Tigers had good bounce-back wins in tournament play on Wednesday, The Storm defeated Midland 71-45 in the Wethersfield Wally Keller Invitational after falling to Wethersfield the night before. Likewise, Princeton followed up a Tuesday loss to Rock Falls by defeating the host Golden Warriors 37-33 at Sterling in the Sauk Valley Shootout.
Bureau Valley 71, Midland 45: After taking a 36-25 halftime lead, BV coach Jason Marquis said his Storm really came to play in the second half.
Story Archived
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From the Dept. of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (SJP, CAS, CRT, CS), the Pacific Northwest University of Health Sciences College of Osteopathic Medicine, Yakima, WA (JCW), Dept. of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Pittsburg Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, Pittsburgh, PA (SS), Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine–Virginia Campus, Blacksburg, VA (ST), Child Study Center, New York University, New York, NY (JPS).
Send correspondence to Dr. Pullen, Dept. of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic; e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com
Copyright © 2013 by Academic Psychiatry
Received April 10, 2012; Revised September 23, 2012; Accepted January 18, 2013.
Objective The chronic workforce shortage in child and adolescent psychiatry (CAP) remains a germane issue that has been difficult to deal with effectively. Collaboration between medical schools without sufficient CAP resources and those with enough to share may help improve interest in the field.
Method This lecture series piloted a collaborative effort between CAP residents from a Midwest academic center and student-led interest groups from two osteopathic medical schools. CAP residents led nine interactive lectures with medical students on relevant topics, using video-teleconferencing. Baseline and follow-up surveys were used to assess attitudes and responses to the lecture series.
Results A group of 175 students completed the baseline survey; 43 students completed the follow-up survey; 21 of 43 (48%) reported that the lectures would positively influence their career choice toward CAP.
Conclusion Interactive lectures via video teleconferencing demonstrated potential to improve medical students' exposure to CAP, and they were well received in this initial pilot study.
The projected demand for services from child and adolescent psychiatry (CAP) is expected to increase by 100% between 1995 and 2020, with only a small fraction of patients expected to be evaluated by a child and adolescent psychiatrist (1). The importance of addressing the chronic shortages and maldistribution of practicing child and adolescent psychiatrists has long been recognized, but has proven to be a challenging undertaking (2). One area of focus has been to develop strategies to address the relatively low priority given to CAP in medical school curricula (3, 4). Strategies that have successfully improved interest in CAP have focused on increasing exposure during medical school training (5–8).
Although the third and fourth year of medical student education represents a critical time to increase medical students' exposure to CAP, opportunities to shape attitudes and preconceptions about CAP during the first and second year of medical school training have also been considered (3, 8, 9). Challenges to exposing first- and second-year medical students to CAP include competition with the large amount of basic science and clinical material that must be assimilated into a 2-year undergraduate medical school curriculum and a relative under-representation of CAP medical educators available to teach first- and second-year medical students (3).
In an effort to contribute to the work in this area, using additional approaches, the authors undertook the development of an interactive lecture series using video-teleconferencing broadcast from a centralized teaching hospital with a CAP residency program to reach out to other U.S. medical schools to generate interest in and provide education about CAP to first- and second-year medical students. This program was piloted with two osteopathic medical schools as part of an initiative put forth by the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Workforce Issues Committee (AACAP WIC) in an effort to increase collaboration with osteopathic medical schools. Generally speaking, osteopathic medical schools have been underrepresented in CAP educational initiatives.
The primary aims of this study were to pilot this educational mechanism as a potential means of increasing exposure to CAP and to establish a collaborative relationship with the two osteopathic medical schools. The secondary aim was to establish baseline attitudes toward CAP from first- and second-year medical students at these two osteopathic medical schools and evaluate the impact of this educational experience.
This pilot educational program was exempted by our Institutional Review Board. Child and adolescent psychiatry (CAP) residents at Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, collaborated with first- and second-year medical students from Pacific Northwest University of Health Sciences College of Osteopathic Medicine (PNWU), Yakima, WA, and the Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine–Virginia Campus (VCOM), Blacksburg, VA. Faculty members from New York University Child Study Center (NYU), Mayo Clinic, and a CAP resident from University of Pittsburgh Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic (UPMC) collaborated with CAP residents from Mayo Clinic on curriculum and program development, and are contributing authors. Authors from NYU and UPMC were affiliated with the AACAP WFIC and the AACAP Resident Council Medical Student Outreach Initiative, respectively. This project was a voluntary effort by all participants, and no external funding was required. A letter on behalf of the AACAP WFIC was sent to the deans of all accredited osteopathic medical schools to assess their interest in collaborating with the authors. The student government president from PNWU responded first to this inquiry. Details of this project were subsequently disseminated to student-body representatives at other osteopathic medical schools. VCOM demonstrated interest, and thus became involved with the project. We chose to pilot this educational forum with two schools (PNWU and VCOM) in order to demonstrate the viability of the pilot; we believed that limiting the participants would allow us to better address any potential problems inherent to new initiatives. Permission to provide lectures was obtained from the academic deans of both schools. A baseline survey assessing general attitudes toward CAP was sent to all undergraduate medical students at PNWU and VCOM.
Video-teleconferencing (VTC) was used to deliver interactive lectures via an encrypted and secure connection at both sites. Mayo CAP residents presented lectures to medical students in 50-minute sessions once every 3–6 weeks, using a variety of forums, including live PowerPoint lectures, interactive Q&A sessions, and live patient interviews. Informed consent was obtained from patients and parents before the live patient-interview lectures. Lectures and topics were chosen, and afterward were vetted for accuracy before delivery. Nine lectures were scheduled for the academic year. The lecture series with PNWU began in September 2011 and with VCOM in December 2011. Toward the end of the academic year, a follow-up survey, assessing the perceived efficacy of this program, was sent to participating undergraduate medical students. Baseline survey data were collected in September 2011. Follow-up survey data were collected in March 2012.
A total of 175 undergraduate medical students from both campuses completed a baseline survey. Approximately 33% (56/168) of first- and second-year medical students from PNWU and 32% (119/372) of first- and second-year medical students from VCOM completed the baseline survey. Over half of surveyed medical students felt that some form of exposure to CAP would influence their desire to consider an additional clerkship elective in this specialty or possibly consider CAP as a career choice. First- and second-year medical students reported that they did not receive exposure to CAP during the first 2 years of training.
A range of 20–25 medical students, primarily from student-led pediatric and family-medicine interest groups from each school, regularly attended the lectures. Approximately 97% of medical students (43/44) who regularly attended the lectures completed the follow-up survey. Interaction and discussion with the lecturer, a variety of lecture formats (PowerPoint lectures, case presentations, and live patient interviews), opportunities to interview patients, and the convenience of an "informal" lecture format were cited as aspects of the lecture series that medical students enjoyed. Nearly half of participating medical students (48%; 21/43) reported increased interest in CAP. Logistical issues and more opportunities for interactive discussions were the most commonly-cited areas for improvement of the seminar series.
Delivery of this educational material via VTC seemed to be effective. Student feedback was favorable, and although results may not be generalizable beyond our test sites, they are consistent with positive results of other educational interventions exposing medical students to CAP (6–8). However, given our small sample size, care must be taken in interpreting the results.
We intentionally chose to work with student-led interest groups, rather than attempt to reach all undergraduate medical students at PNWU and VCOM in a formal lecture. Thus, audience size was relatively small at each school (20–25 students per school), and subject to selection bias, making this a limitation in interpreting the results. Our sample of students is likely skewed toward those with an initial interest in CAP. Also, we are not able to say whether the initial favorable response toward CAP would be sustained among participating medical students, and, thus, caution must be taken in drawing far-reaching conclusions from this pilot study. The most significant logistical challenge the authors encountered with this pilot lecture series was periodic schedule conflicts from both sites, which necessitated regular communication and flexibility between sites. Replication of this project would also have to take into account its voluntary design; for example, lectures were often given during lunch or after working-hours.
The teaching CAP residents participated in all lectures, and this allowed them to expand their skill-set as educators in addition to taking ownership of the project. Faculty members served as mentors, helping with program/curriculum development and reviewing lectures for content accuracy. Students preferred live interactive sessions with the CAP residents to other means of disseminating educational material, such as webinars and unidirectional lectures. Live patient interviews were particularly popular among medical students, but were more complicated to arrange because of ethical considerations, including obtaining informed consent from the patients and their parents, addressing institutional policies involving use of patients in medical student education, and coordinating the schedules of all parties.
Early exposure to CAP appears to be critical to shaping attitudes and developing an appreciation and interest in this specialty. Efforts to reach out to first- and second-year medical students, such as this one, could also address factors affecting CAP recruitment, such as identifying students with favorable personality traits and addressing preconceived ideas about the field (9).
This pilot program demonstrated success utilizing a centralized teaching site to reach out to first- and second-year medical students from osteopathic medical schools via VTC, and it could serve as a model for future endeavors. The authors plan to expand this program to other interested osteopathic medical schools. Three sites (Mayo, NYU, and UPMC) have begun identifying other interested osteopathic medical schools for collaboration. The actual efficacy of such a program is unknown (i.e., Does the initial increased interest in CAP translate to more medical students' choosing this specialty as a career?), and this question should be addressed in future studies.
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Photoday at Petherton (From Chard & Ilminster News)
Get involved! Send your photos, video, news & views by texting CI NEWS to 80360 or email us
Photoday at Petherton
10:00pm Tuesday 20th August 2013 in News
THE South Petherton Photographic Society will be holding its annual Photoday at the Blake Hall in Market Square, South Petherton, on Saturday, September 14, from 10am to 4pm.
The event will be held as part of the events planned for Carnival Day in South Petherton.
Comments are closed on this article.


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1. I will make the most of the time here – it is 3 hours of my time that I do not get paid for.
2. I will enjoy myself I will have fun
3. This room will be familiar. I will see people on their own, open 2's and 3's. They will be welcoming. Beware of the closed 2's 3's and 4+ groups unless there are people in there I already know.
4. I plan to talk to 3 new people and gain 3 new pieces of information.
5. I will work hard at introducing myself to the person/ people I'm targeting.
6. I will get myself into a positive state of mind.
7. Everyone here wants to network. That's why they are here!
8. I'm a decent and likeable person I believe in myself and, in my area I have much knowledge and expertise.
9. There will be the odd rude person here…let's just get away from them as soon as possible.
10. It might happen, but very very occasionally I might get rejected. These people aren't worth giving a second thought to. Let's focus on the 99.9% of pleasant and welcoming people.


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What is 4K? Next-generation resolution explained
As if LED and 3D TV weren't confusing enough, in the last few months we have seen a new HDTV technology called 4K, or its official name, Ultra HD. It's being heralded as the next high-def, and judging by the show floor at CES 2013, manufacturers are lining up to bring you a new array of products.
But just as was the case with 3D, it's the hardware chicken before the software egg: there's no consumer 4K content available. Still, if you listen to the industry, it'll tell you it's the last resolution you'll ever need. So what is 4K anyway, and what makes it different from high definition?
Editors' note: This was post was originally published January 23, 2012, and has been updated several times thereafter with expanded information, most recently on January 17, 2013.… Read more


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Mr. and Mrs. Jeffrey Paul Hubbard announce the engagement of their daughter, Allison Eason Hubbard, to James Taylor Kyle Strickland, son of Mr. and Mrs. Wesley Kyle Strickland.
The bride-elect is the granddaughter of Linda Fernandez Warren of Memphis, Jere Thomas Warren of Oakland, Joyzell Delchamps Hubbard of Baton Rouge, and the late William James Hubbard of Jackson. The prospective bridegroom is the grandson of Dr. and Mrs. James Dale Dwiggins of Cumming, Ga., and the late Mr. and Mrs. James H. Strickland of Sandy Springs, Ga.
[1] mailto:firstname.lastname@example.com
[2] http://www.northsidesun.com/content/subscribe
[3] http://www.northsidesun.com/category/tags/allison-eason-hubbard
[4] http://www.northsidesun.com/category/featured/featured
[5] http://www.northsidesun.com/category/tags/james-taylor-kyle-strickland
[6] http://www.northsidesun.com/category/section/news/engagements


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raverdave2k wrote:lol, thts one issue I had countless times around that area and also on the island, kept finding places you could cut diagonlly through the rocks, thanks for pointing this one out I'll patch it up for the next versionDragonlady wrote:I was searching for a way to that indoor ladder not having a clue on how to unlock the door inside the building.
[The code for that room can only be found inside the room so you need to rent a room to get in there (As I couldn't edit the dialog I had to find another way to do this, just have a look around the Inn Keeper)]
sapientCrow wrote:finally checking out the island and I am getting and access violation error after a bit of time being there??
IJBall wrote:I'm currently trying to finish up the 'mod' portions of Jedi_Learner's Book I mod (hoping to finish that today or tomorrow), so it may be a week or two before I try to take a look at your mod...
Jammeez wrote:For that matter, I'd love to DL new versions of the full game[s]. I'm running 1.03 of book II. But how will that affect my current save?
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The Kentucky Horse Park offers a variety of group and corporate programs. Packages can be customized according to the needs of the group.
The Kentucky Horse Park offers special discounted rates for groups and tours of 15 or more paid park admissions. Tickets include admission to the American Saddlebred Museum, the International Museum of the Horse and equine presentations throughout the day. Groups must be pre-booked to receive group rate.


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Biography (World Philosophers and Their Works)
Early Life
William Edward Burghardt Du Bois (pronounced DU-boyce) was born of mixed African, French Huguenot, and Dutch descent in Great Barrington, Massachusetts, on February 23, 1868. His father, Alfred Du Bois, was the son of Alexander Du Bois, a light-skinned man born of a union between a mulatto slave girl in Santo Domingo and a wealthy American of French Huguenot descent. He lost his father early and was reared by his mother, Mary Burghardt, whose family traced its roots to a freed slave in the days of the American Revolution. The Burghardts were proud of their long, stable residence in Massachusetts as free farmers, but because they were black, they remained outside the social elite.
Du Bois grew up as part of a small black community of about fifty people among some five thousand whites in Great Barrington. Though his childhood was basically happy, he learned early that African Americans were not fully accepted as equal, even in New England. Determined to be a leader of his people, Du Bois studied hard and dreamed of getting a degree from Harvard. Books and writing interested young Du Bois more than athletics, although he did enjoy games and socializing with his friends. When he was graduated from high school in 1884 at the age of sixteen, he was the only African American in his class of twelve and was...
(The entire section is 2462 words.)
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William Edward Burghardt Du Bois (better known as W. E. B. Du Bois) is primarily remembered today for two of his achievements: he was the first African-American to earn a PhD from Harvard (in 1895); and then, in 1903, he published The Souls of Black Folks. Part sociological study, part philosophical reflection on race, part moving and poetic autobiography, Souls introduced the idea of "double-consciousness," which refers to the divided experience and vision of African-Americans. This concept, and others stemming from it, actively influence both popular and academic discussions of race in America today. Still taught regularly, The Souls of Black Folks is one of the most honest and profound discussions of race ever published.Essential Facts
- Du Bois' family background was complex and no doubt helped shape his perspective on race. His father was born in Haiti and had some French background; his great grandmother Elizabeth Freeman was a slave who sued to earn her freedom, an action that contributed to the abolition of slavery in Massachusetts.
- Du Bois was one of the founders of the Niagara Movement, a civil rights group that eventually developed into the NAACP.
- Du Bois investigated many possible solutions to the race problem in America, including socialism. He was given the Lenin Peace Prize (a Soviet analogue to the Nobel Prize) in 1959 and joined the Communist Party two years later.
- In the 1950s, Du Bois was charged with being a foreign agent for his antiwar activities.
- Du Bois became a citizen of the West African nation of Ghana in 1963, when he was 95 years old.
Biography (Poetry for Students)
Du Bois was born on February 23, 1868, in the western Massachusetts town of Great Barrington, to a family whose ancestry was French Huguenot on his father's side and Dutch and African on his mother's side. Du Bois' father Alfred Du Bois left his family when his son was a young boy. Du Bois lived with his mother Mary Sylvina Burghardt Du Bois until her death in 1884. Left penniless, Du Bois moved in with an aunt and worked as a timekeeper at a local mill to support himself. He graduated from high school that same year, the only black student in his class. An outstanding student, Du Bois was encouraged by his principal to attend college. With the aid of a scholarship, he enrolled at Fisk University in Nashville, Tennessee, in 1885. Du Bois graduated with a bachelor's degree in 1888 and entered Harvard University as a junior, where he graduated, cum laude, with a second Bachelor of Arts degree in 1891. Du Bois studied at the University of Berlin in Germany for two years before returning to Harvard, where he received his Ph.D. in 1895. He was the first African American to receive this degree from Harvard. From 1895 to 1897, Du Bois taught Latin, Greek, German, and English at Wilberforce University in Ohio. While Du Bois was at Wilberforce, his dissertation, "The Suppression of the African Slave-Trade to the United States of America, 1638–1870," was published in 1896 as the first installment in the Harvard Historical studies series. Also in 1896, Du Bois...
(The entire section is 1096 words.)
Biography (Nonfiction Classics for Students)
William Edward Burghardt Du Bois was born on February 23, 1868, into a large white community in Great Barrington, Massachusetts. The racism he experienced as a child in New England formed the basis of his lifelong struggle for equal rights. Endowed with outstanding intellect, Du Bois traveled to Nashville, Tennessee, to attend Fisk College on scholarship in 1885. His contact with the post-Civil War South in the capacity of student and teacher solidified his commitment to education and mobilization of African Americans. Following three years in the South, Du Bois completed his undergraduate and graduate degrees at Harvard, focusing on history and philosophy. He completed the bulk of his doctoral work during two years in Berlin, where he came to the understanding of racism as a worldwide issue, opposed to a national issue.
Following the completion of his doctoral thesis entitled The Suppression of the African Slave Trade in America, Du Bois began his lifelong career as educator, researcher, and social advocate. His studies embodied the first scientific approach to examining social issues, and as a result, he is considered to be the father of social science. Du Bois worked for social reform through his study of all aspects of African-American life, in an effort to educate blacks and promote understanding between the relationship of blacks to white America. Du Bois was diametrically opposed to the philosophy of Booker T. Washington, the most popular black man in America, who espoused the idea that African Americans should accept their low social status and work for modest goals through technical training only (foregoing civil rights, higher education, and political power). In 1906, Du Bois founded the Niagra Movement, an organization of black men aimed at aggressive advocacy for civil rights. The organization was joined by a group of white liberals to form the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP). For twenty-five years, Du Bois edited the NAACP magazine The Crisis, strongly advocating that blacks lead themselves out of oppression, with whites serving only as support.
Trips to Africa and Russia in the 1920s resulted in a revision of Du Bois' ideology; he became convinced that integration in America was unrealistic and that white capitalism was geared toward keeping minorities down. By 1933, he had left the NAACP and resumed teaching, writing, and organizing the Pan-African conference. During World War II and the beginning of the Cold War he became a peace advocate and spoke out strongly against the use of atomic weapons, resulting in his indictment as a foreign agent by the Department of Justice. Although he was acquitted, the incident served to further alienate him from the nation of his birth. In 1959, he moved to Ghana and became a Ghanaian citizen and a member of the Communist party. He died in Accra, Ghana, on August 27,1963, the day before the ''March On Washington.''
Biography (Cyclopedia of World Authors, Fourth Revised Edition)
William Edward Burghardt Du Bois (dyew-BOYS) was a thinker, writer, editor, teacher, and activist. Among his many distinctions, he was the first African American to earn a Ph.D. from Harvard University. He helped found the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), and his ninety-five years saw the United States change from a land of small towns and farms to a nation of cities and industry. He was called many things—visionary, propagandist, scholar, communist, prophet, atheist. Each label held some truth.
Three years after the Civil War ended, W. E. B. Du Bois was born in Great Barrington, Massachusetts, a town of approximately four thousand people with a scattering of African American families. His bloodline contained French and Dutch strains but was primarily African, descended from Tom Burghardt, a black freedman. Du Bois's father left after two years, and his mother raised him. They were poor.
Du Bois worked hard and made excellent grades in school. His life was much like that of his white contemporaries until his teens, when he became aware of being different. A girl's scornful rebuff and his arrest for stealing a few grapes were two experiences that initially shaped Du Bois's emerging concept of the African American "double consciousness," a conflict between being both black and American.
While in high school, Du Bois's letters and political commentaries began appearing regularly in the New York...
(The entire section is 1046 words.)
Biography (Identities & Issues in Literature)
W. E. B. Du Bois was a towering intellectual who created a new language of protest and ideas to understand and guide the African American experience. He wrote fiction and nonfiction, infusing his writings with eloquence and anger. He envisioned a world with equality for all people, emphasizing social justice for Africans and their descendants throughout the New World.
Du Bois' chronicle of his childhood begins with a tale of small-town conventionality in rural Massachusetts, where he experienced a loving home. In 1888, he entered Fisk University and saw firsthand the "color line" dividing the South. After graduating from Fisk, he returned to Massachusetts, where he earned a doctorate in history at Harvard.
His first important academic position was a marginal one at the University of Pennsylvania, but it resulted in his brilliant exposition, The Philadelphia Negro. In that work he outlines the historical background of the black community in Philadelphia and documents its patterns of daily life.
In 1897, he accepted a position at the University of Atlanta, where he worked until 1910. He held a yearly conference, resulting in a series of edited books on such topics as African Americans and business, religion, and social life. In 1903, Du Bois published the literary masterpiece The Souls of Black Folk, the first of four autobiographies that connect his personal experience with that of his community.
In 1909, Du Bois helped...
(The entire section is 462 words.)
Biography (Ethics (Ready Reference series))
Author Profile
After a successful early career as a publishing scholar, W. E. B. Du Bois recognized that the resolution of American racial problems could not be accomplished solely by revealing the truth; therefore, he became an activist. His famous statement, "The problem of the twentieth century is the problem of the color line," demonstrates the focus of his ethical inquiries. Well-read in history, Du Bois argued that the premature end of Reconstruction left not only practical problems but also ethical ones. He believed that it was unethical for America to blame the freed slaves for the vices that had been instilled in them during generations of enslavement. Slavery, followed by a system of strict racial segregation, had left African Americans economically and psychologically vulnerable. Economically, slavery was replaced by peonage, a system in which indebted African American sharecroppers were forced to work in the fields or face starvation or imprisonment. Psychologically, black "double consciousness" caused a divided and vitiated purpose. The solutions to the problems were economic independence and the creation of an environment that would be free of racism and in which "true self-consciousness" could be attained. Du Bois is most famous for his disagreements with Booker T. Washington, the most prominent African American of the turn of the twentieth century. Du Bois believed that Washington, in his efforts to secure industrial training...
(The entire section is 597 words.)
Source: World Philosophers and Their Works, ©2000 Salem Press, Inc.. All Rights Reserved.
Source: eNotes Publishing, ©2013 eNotes.com, Inc.. All Rights Reserved. Full copyright.
Source: Nonfiction Classics for Students, ©2013 Gale Cengage. All Rights Reserved. Full copyright.
Source: Poetry for Students, ©2013 Gale Cengage. All Rights Reserved. Full copyright.
Source: Ethics (Ready Reference series), ©1994 Salem Press, Inc.. All Rights Reserved.
Source: Cyclopedia of World Authors, Fourth Revised Edition, ©1997 Salem Press, Inc.. All Rights Reserved.
Source: Identities & Issues in Literature, ©1997 Salem Press, Inc.. All Rights Reserved.


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Posted 18 January 2013 - 01:57 PM
Talent is secondary to whether players are confident.
Jack Gibson
Posted 18 January 2013 - 02:19 PM
This thread is getting like the magic roundaboutWho were the Judges that nominated the finalists and the selected the winner?
So let us so let us not talk falsely now.
The hour is getting late
FROM 2004,TO DO WHAT THIS CLUB HAS DONE,IF THATS NOT GREATNESSTHEN i DONT KNOW WHAT IS.
Posted 18 January 2013 - 02:22 PM
This thread is getting like the magic roundabout
And it'll go on for the next 11 months, 'til the 2013 award-winner is announced...
...unless it is won by a non-Australian again, that is.
Johnny Cash on why he wears black: "I wear the black for the poor and the beaten down, livin' in the hopeless, hungry side of town, I wear it for the prisoner who has long paid for his crime, but is there because he's a victim of the times."
Kinky Friedman on why he wears black: "So I don't have to wash my clothes as often."
Posted 18 January 2013 - 02:24 PM
The accusation of English bias is laughable given that of the 22 awards made since 1984, 15 have been to Australian players, 3 to New Zealand players and only 4 to British/English players.
its not about bias...its about credibilty
there needs to be a equal balance between northern & southern hemisphere judges so you don't leave yourselves open to various accusations.....and when you leave people like steve mascord off the panel its your own fault for being accused of bias...
the 8TH most successful team in british RL
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Antik Batik
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Find Junk Files does what it says
Find Junk Files may not be an imaginative software name, but it's an accurate one. This free tool finds junk files on your PC, mostly temporary files and folders. It scans for more than 100 file types, even obscure stuff like DOS and Windows 3.1 files, but you can choose what to scan and what to exclude. It's easy to use, maybe too easy; while it doesn't target anything dangerous like system files, it can find and remove logs, caches, settings, and other files and folders that, while not exactly "permanent," you'd prefer … Read more


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Enjoy free shipping both ways this holiday season. If for some reason you are not completely satisfied with your purchase, choose our FREE pre-paid shipping label and we'll cover your return! This offer is only good on eligible orders placed between November 13, 2013 and December 24, 2013. We've extended our normal return period to January 15, 2014 or 30 days after your order is received - whichever comes later. Learn more about our return policy.
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MTI on |
Keep watching here for all the latest tweets from MTI . . . . . . Keep watching here for all the latest tweets from MTI . . . . . . Keep watching here for all the latest tweets from MTI . . . . . .
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Backstage: Soundsystem for new theatre group
Dear MTI users,
Together with another teacher, I formed a community theatre group called the Lanai Academy of Performing Arts (Hawaii)--www.lanaiacademy.org. Last year, we put on an original show, and were fortunate enough to have an old movie theatre as our performance venue and borrow sound equipment. However, that will no longer be available, and we will have to supply our own sound needs, and be able to do a show that can travel (simplisitic set). We are fundraising, and would like to invest in a sound system, and a wireless microphone system. Hopefully this summer, we would like to put on 101 Dalmatians Kids. We don't want to break our bank on equipment, but we also want to invest in something that will serve us over the long term. Does anyone have advice or recommendations? Any help would be greatly appreciated. Thanks!
Started by Matt Glickstein with 1 post
Last comment by Matt Glickstein
The MTI Show Collection: Shrek JR?
Do you know if the show will be launched in the UK at the same time? It seems that some Jr. productions are available through Joseph Weinberger and others not.
Started by Logan Davison with 3 posts
Last comment by Russell Kaye
Performer's Spotlight: Have you used OrchExtra???
Hi everyone, I realize this is an older thread, but was in a similar situation to some of you and wanted to speak to a director/music director/producer anyone who has used the program before, before I spend that bulk of $ on it. I'm looking to add it to probably just a keyboard/piano, and would it be useable if done exclusively & not with any other instruments? Thank you!
Started by John Brown with 9 posts
Last comment by Cole Huber
The MTI Show Collection: Junior show versions
any age restrictions for cast? eg. adult, non students?
Started by Bryce Paton with 1 post
Last comment by Bryce Paton
The MTI Show Collection: January Production in Chicago needs Dragon
Hi Brandon,
I was forwarded an email that you were looking for a dragon and we would love to help you out. Please email me at firstname.lastname@example.com and we can work out a solution for you!
Amber Poole
Started by Brandon Johnston with 2 posts
Last comment by Amber Poole
Backstage: Seussical Jr Costumes looking to donate to local elementary school with budget constraints
We just wrapped our Seussical Jr production and would love to donate our costumes to a local elementary school (ours was 5th graders) with budget constraints. Be glad to send pictures for serious inquiries only.
Started by Christina Calabro with 1 post
Last comment by Christina Calabro
You Can't Stop the Beat with HAIRSPRAY JR. – Now Available for LicensingWelcome your actors to the 60′s with HAIRSPRAY JR…the newest musical available for ...(December 9, 2013, 11:05 am)
Filichia Features: Music Math Charms to Soothe the Savage KidIt's a long-held theory that people who are good at math are also good in music. So why not a ...(December 6, 2013, 8:27 am)
PETER PAN: Broadway's Timeless Musical Joins the MTI Family / Now Available for Licensing!Get ready for the theatrical thrill of a lifetime…PETER PAN – the original Broadway ...(December 2, 2013, 11:07 am)
Filichia Features: Take a Chance on LITTLE WOMENEven those super-intellectual students at Harvard University have been known to say on their rare ...(November 27, 2013, 9:24 am)
SIX BY SONDHEIM, An Intimate Look at the Life and Art of the Renowned Composer and Lyricist Through Six Iconic Songs, Debuts on Dec. 9. Exclusively on HBO."Everybody has problems. Nobody goes through life unscathed, and I think if you write about those ...(November 26, 2013, 12:20 pm)
54 BELOW TO HOST GOLDRICH & HEISLER and MALTBY & SHIRE54 Below Broadway's premiere Supper Club is hosting two legendary MTI writing teams in ...(November 25, 2013, 11:35 am)
Copyright © 2013 MTI ShowSpace L.P.
MTI ShowSpace is presented by Music Theatre International. To license a show,
view new titles and browse our extensive theatrical resources, visit www.mtishows.com.


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Make an Appointment
Students can visit our office in-person or call (320) 308-3171 to make appointments. Please have your student ID number available.
Stewart Hall 103
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Monday through Friday
For after hours crises, you can call the crisis line at (320) 253-5555 or 1-800-635-8008.
Counseling and Psychological Services (CAPS) is a department within the Division of Student Life and Development that helps undergraduate and graduate students cope more effectively with personal, mental health, and academic issues that arise in their lives.
We offer free and confidential personal counseling and consultation to promote personal development and psychological well-being and assist students in defining and meeting personal, academic, and career objectives.
We've designed our website to provide you with an overview of our services as well as resources that you may use at your convenience. These resources may be sufficient to address your needs or you may decide, upon reading them, that you have more questions or want additional assistance. If so, we are here to serve you.
Counseling News!
Welcome to all new and returning students this semester! If you are feeling stressed, or just feel like you need to talk through some things, we encourage you to contact our office to schedule an appointment. We can be reached at (320) 308-3171.


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This Web site showcases the renowned habitat group dioramas that are located in AMNH's halls. It includes the following resources. "Virtual Tours": Four 360-degree panoramas with interactive components (Alaska Brown Bear Diorama, Bison and Pronghorn Diorama, Upper Nile Region Diorama, Cuthbert Rookery Diorama). "Videos" Sixteen clips available for broadband or 56k viewing Diorama Gallery. A collection of 50 high-quality images from the museum's dioramas Behind the Scenes. An overview of
Berlin, Seventh of November – History in Nonhistorical Fiction: a discussion and reading
In this series, an historian, a novelist and a literary critic explore the ways in which memory, literature and history shape contemporary Europe. Douglas Cowie is a novelist and lecturer in the English department at Royal Holloway, University of London. This event is part of the Jean Monnet 'Europe Beyond Governance' Lecture Series.
4.7 Rectangular hyperbola (e = √2)
Attempts to answer problems in areas as diverse as science, technology and economics involve solving simultaneous linear equations. In this unit we look at some of the equations that represent points, lines and planes in mathematics. We explore concepts such as Euclidean space, vectors, dot products and conics.
Analyzing and Developing Role-Based Access Control Models
Role-based access control (RBAC) has become today's dominant access control model, and many of its theoretical and practical aspects are well understood. However, certain aspects of more advanced RBAC models, such as the relationship between permission usage and role activation and the interaction between inheritance and constraints, remain poorly understood. Moreover, the computational complexity of some important problems in RBAC remains unknown. In this thesis we consider these issues, develo
References Omzetting van zonne-energie naar warmte Presentatie over de omzetting van zonne-energie naar warmte. Het ontstaan van die energie en de toepassingen worden hier besproken. Eindtoets bewerkingen voor het vijfde leerjaar Eindtoets bewerkingen voor het vijfde leerjaar waarbij leerlingen volgende oefeningen moeten oplossen: 1.3 Parallel and perpendicular lines Computer Science Vídeo promocional de 2011 de Plátano de Canarias - español El Nino-La Nina Sea Surface Temperature, Height, and Wind Anomalies: January 1997 through December 1 Make Your Own Temperature Scale Introduction This unit provides an introduction to the evolution of mammals. We will be considering Darwin's observations on a great many mammals, and how he noticed that species fell into natural groups. We take as an example the evolution of one particularly interesting mammal, the whale, and look at evidence both from fossils and from DNA to see which other mammals are most closely related to whales. We see how the evidence from these two very different sources points to the same relationship and Hydrophilic Interaction Chromatography, HILIC/SEC, HILIC/SXC References About the MISTI Program 3.5 Inheritance Why study a foreign language? Japan's Nuclear Crisis Murder of Kakhovka Jews-part 1
Attempts to answer problems in areas as diverse as science, technology and economics involve solving simultaneous linear equations. In this unit we look at some of the equations that represent points, lines and planes in mathematics. We explore concepts such as Euclidean space, vectors, dot products and conics.
Students are going to understand the structure of computer we use in our everyday life and study the relation between logic circuit, C Language and software.
Este es un anuncio de Plátano de Canarias. Los estudiantes podrán escuchar el anuncio y después contestar las tres preguntas sobre el video. El abuelo da un buen mensaje al final del anuncio. 1:10
This animation shows the onset of the very strong 1997 El Nino, followed by its collapse and replacement by La Nina. Anomalously warm waters slosh across the Pacific in late 1997 as El Nino begins and the equatorial trade winds diminish in strength. In May 1998, the El Nino event disperses and is rapidly replaced by its reciprocal phenomenon, La Nina, with anomalously cold water along the eastern equatorial Pacific and a reversal of the wind flow patterns.
Students learn about the difference between temperature and thermal energy. They build a thermometer using simple materials and develop their own scale for measuring temperature. They compare their thermometer to a commercial thermometer, and get a sense for why engineers need to understand the properties of thermal energy.
This site provides good background and operational parameters for the use of a specific type of chromatography, hydrophilic interaction chromatography. Pedagogical value, however, is probably only directed toward a graduate/advanced course in separations. This document provides a very clear explanation of operational parameters and mode of operation for HILIC. Very readable!
The MIT International Science and Technology Initiatives—better known as MISTI—connects MIT students and faculty with research and innovation around the world. MIT's primary international program, MISTI is a pioneer in applied international studies—a distinctively MIT concept. Working closely with a network of premier corporations, universities and research institutes, MISTI matches hundreds of MIT students annually with all-expenses-paid internships and research abroad.
In this unit, we describe the theory of evolution by natural selection as proposed by Charles Darwin in his book, first published in 1859, On The Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or The Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life. We will look at natural selection as Darwin did, taking inheritance for granted, but ignoring the mechanisms underlying it.
Foreign language study enhances academic skills, raises SAT scores, and prepares students for careers.
In spite of the "sickening human and social devastation on full display" in northern Japan, moderator
Richard Samuels wonders, "Is it possible to follow the train of cause and effect into the future…imagining what happens from here on?" In this session convened just days after the March 11th earthquake and tsunami, pan
Rakhil Vorobiyeva, who was born in 1921, testifies how she, her mother, and her mother's friend were collected from their homes and taken, with other Jews from Kakhovka, to anti-tank trenches to be shot.
For more information: http://www1.yadvashem.org/untoldstories/database/murderSite.asp?site_id=713


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There's nothing I love more than the perfect salad. (Well, okay, maybe chocolate, but I digress…) I love it when I discover a salad that combines textures and flavors that don't make sense…until you taste them together.
The recipe I'm sharing today does just that. It'll make your mouth dance with flavor, and it'll give you good reason to buy an extra pint of strawberries every time you go to the store. The original recipe came from Quick Cooking, and I've made one or two minor variations as noted below.
Strawberry Tossed Salad
6 cups torn Romaine lettuce (The original recipe calls for mixed salad greens, but my favorite is Romaine.)
1 pint of fresh strawberries, sliced
1 pkg (4 oz) crumbled feta cheese
1/4 cup sunflower kernels (or slivered almonds are good too!)
Balsamic vinaigrette (I like to either use Brianna's blush wine vinaigrette or make my own dressing by combining equal parts olive oil with balsamic vinegar.)
Start by combining all the ingredients except the dressing. Just before serving, toss with the dressing until coated. (Makes 4-6 servings)
*photo from Tasteofhome.com
What are your favorite salad toppings or flavor combinations? Any foods that signal the arrival of spring to you?


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Our One Page Poetry Circle returns!
Written by Erica B on 09/21/2009Please join us this Wednesday, September 23rd at 7 PM for our first One Page Poetry Circle of the Fall! Don't miss this wonderful and unique opportunity to read, appreciate, and discuss poetry. Madge McKeithen, faculty member of The Writing Program at The New School, will lead the discussions. Our theme for Wednesday's program will be Poetry & Beginnings.
Bring a single page of published poetry to read aloud that relates in some way to Beginnings.
Or come and read one from the stacks others have pulled from among their favorites (there tends to be a reliable "extras" pile.) The reading aloud and the brief discussions are other sizeable portions of the pleasure.
And mark your calendars for the additional One Page Poetry Circle programs we have scheduled for later this Fall:
October 21 at 7 PM - Poetry & Masks
November 18 at 7 PM - Poetry & Family
December 16 at 7 PM - Poetry & Light


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Class Notes
Class Notes | Obituaries
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Albert Chen '68, MBA '70 writes: "Returned at the end of 2011 to San Francisco after four-plus years working in Beijing, People's Republic of China. Was chief risk officer of CCB Financial Leasing Corporation, a joint venture leasing company between Bank of America and China Construction Bank."
Victoria Ann Burnett '68 writes, "I have been a Marriage and Family Therapist at the Christian Counseling Center in San Jose, Calif. for twelve years."
Theodore E. Burke '68 writes: "Co-owner of Shadowbrook Restaurant in Capitola and having complelted 12-years of services as the California State Representative on the Board of Directors of the National Restaurant Association, I was recently elected Director Emeritus, a lifetime position."
Helen Baumann '68 is living happily in Palo Alto, practicing law in Redwood City, and hoping that her 16 year old granddaughter decides to come to Santa Clara for college.
Peter Wise BSME '69, MBA '73 came out of retirement and accepted a faculty research associate position at the University of Colorado's Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics in 2009. He lives with his wife, Julie, and their three dogs in Louisville, Colo., where they enjoy rides on the Harley, writing their blogs, and conducting research on Julie's book about Christian Sacred Sexuality.
Thomas M. Wendel MBA '69 is on the board of directors of Cognizant, a leading provider of information technology, consulting, and business process outsourcing services.
Joseph A. Thomas-Sawaya '69, MBA '70 is recovering from cancer, mesothelioma, working part time as a psychologist in San Jose. Joseph has four children and eight grandchildren.
Terrence Stinnett J.D. '69 left his law firm at the end of 2006 to become general counsel and corporate secretary for Fremont Bank, a $2 billion community bank in the San Francisco Bay Area owned by his family. He has been on the board of both the bank and the holding company for 19 years. He is also chair of two board committees and serves on two other board committees.
Terrance L. Stinnett J.D. '69 has been recognized by Continental Who's Who as a result of his excellence in both the fields of banking and legal services. Terrance currently serves as general counsel and secretary for Fremont Bank and Fremont Bancorporation. He has been a member of the board of directors of both corporations since 1990.
Roger V. Smith MBA '69 has been President of Smith Venture Group since 1994, and he has been an Owner of Smith Venture Group since January 1999. Smith is recognized as a leader in the financial community. He has served on the boards of Silicon Valley Bancshares, Greater Bay Bancorp, and the Community Foundation of Silicon Valley, and he currently holds the position of Director at Bell Microproducts Inc., ReSourcePhoenix.com, and Venture Lending & Leasing III Inc.
Thomas L. Simpson '69, J.D. '73 is a lawyer and Certified Family Law Specialist with his own three-attorney firm in Glendale, Calif. He was recently elected President of the American Academy of Matrimonial Lawyers, Southern California Chapter. He resides in La Canada with his wife, Lili.
Christopher J. Reynolds '69 writes, "On April 1, 2011, the Maryland State Senate consented to my appointment by Gary D. Maynard, Maryland Secretary of the Department of Public Safety and Corrections, approved by Maryland Governor Martin O'Malley, as a member of the Maryland Parole Commission. This will require that I close my private law practice in which I have engaged for the past 40 years but the challenge of the new position will allow me to transform my professional career into one of public service."
email@example.com (410) 610-3837 (cell)
Dennis Raefield '69 has joined the board of directors of Viscount Systems Inc., a high-technology supplier of security systems and software. Raefield has a long and distinguished career in the access control and security industry. Mr. Raefield was president of Honeywell Access Systems, a $100M+ division of Honeywell International, which manufactures enterprise-level access control systems for Fortune 100 clients. Prior, Raefield was president of Pinkerton Systems Integration (now Securitas), a $70M+ security system integration business installing video, access control, and alarms to Fortune 500 clients. He was also owner/CEO of Omega Corporate Security, a West Coast premier systems integrator based in the San Francisco area. He holds a B.S. in Mechanical Engineering from Santa Clara University, and is a member of ASIS, SIA, ESA, ISIO, CAA, and CSAA.
Stephen Pineau, Viscount Systems' Chief Executive Officer, commented, "Dennis Raefield is a valuable addition to our Board. His profile and experience running some of the largest access control companies in the industry will bring enormous insight to our Company. We are honored that he has agreed to join our Board of Directors."
Mr. Raefield remarked, "I am excited to be affiliated with Viscount Systems and hope to assist them in the growth of their flagship enterprise access control solution. Steve Pineau has assembled a strong team with a novel concept in centralized access control decision making, which has real world value for those larger enterprises desiring strong control over their sensitive data. I look forward to adding value as a Board member."
Michael Murphy '69 writes that his current position is solutions developer, Acxiom Corp.
Bill Mowatt '58, M.A. '69 has recently retired from completing Team N Training marathons. Dr. Mowatt and his wife, Gail, have raised more than $75,000 for Leukemia-Lymphoma research, and now they both chair fundraising events for the Santa Cruz County Symphony. Bill still teaches the Shakespeare plays for Shakespeare Santa Cruz. They enjoy living in Santa Cruz with Mike, their lovable Airedale terrier.
Patrick Mason '69 writes, "I would be remiss if I did not add some facts on my wife, Christine Bjorklund 72. We have been married (by Father Pat Carroll at Mary Lautze Garland 70's resort in Sedona, Ariz.) for 33 years. Chris was the on-air Consumer Reporter for KGO-AM radio for 15 years and served on the Board of Directors of Consumer Reports Magazine for 24 years. She is currrently a Consumer Quality Consultant for Diamond Certified, a services rating company, and Podcast Editor for AllBusiness.com, a website for small business owners. She also works as a water aerobic exercise instructor at The Olympic Club and UCSF Mission Bay in San Francisco. Our two grown children went to Georgetown (Dan of New York City) and U of Portland and USF (Molly of Novato)."
Marilee Pierotti Lau '69 has been appointed to the ERISA Department of Labor Advisory Council in Washington, D.C., for a three-year term.
Jim C. Jones J.D. '69 retires after more than seven years as county council for Calaveras County. On Tuesday, July 12, the Calaveras County Board of Supervisors unanimously passed a Resolution thanking Council Jones for his outstanding service to the county.
Mark Janlois '69 is a partner in Janlois Partners, LP, which owns and manages commercial properties in Contra Costa County.
Alan Higginson '69, MBA '71 was appointed to the board of directors of Pivot3, Inc., a leading provider of unified storage and compute appliances. Higginson, Chairman, Hubspan and F5 Networks, will provide his extensive technology and leadership experience of high-growth technology companies to the Pivot3 board and its management team.
With more than 20 years of senior executive and CEO experience in technology-related industries, Higginson applies his extensive leadership skills to help young companies grow and develop. His industry experience spans both private and public companies including Atrieva, F5 Networks and Hubspan. Prior to his work with start-up organizations, Higginson spent five years at Sierra On-Line as executive vice president of worldwide sales and marketing.
Dan Hanley '67 MBA '69 J.D. '74 celebrated the birth of his granddaughter last August. He has been married to Judi Hanley since October 22.
Daniel E. Hanley MBA '67, J.D. '74 is still in private law practice in San Jose doing estate planning, probate, and business law. He practices with his son Sean Hanley, who does bankruptcy and debt relief. Dan recently became a grandfather with the birth of Brynn Hanley (daughter of Brian Hanley). Dan is happly married to Judi (since 1974). They live in Saratoga, Calif.
L. Laura Fritz '69 earned a master's of science degree in counseling psychology from University of Nevada, Las Vegas. She lives with her husband, Mike Weber, in Las Vegas. After years in private practice as a therapist and serving on several nonprofit boards, Laura became a professional fundraiser for the University and Community College System of Nevada for over 10 years. Currently, Laura is a professional fundraiser with Catholic Healthcare West's St. Rose Dominican Health Foundation and recenlty voted Outstanding Professional Fundraiser of the Year by the Association of Fundraising Professionals, Las Vegas Chapter.


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Oxfam America Hunger Banquet
Participate in a luncheon designed to simulate the situation of global food access and gain a new perspective on the root causes of hunger and poverty. At an Oxfam America Hunger Banquet, guests randomly draw tickets that assign them to different income levels, based on the latest statistics about the number of people living in poverty. Depending on where they sit, some receive a filling dinner, while others eat a simple meal or share sparse portions of rice and water. Discussion and debriefing follow.
Presented in partnership with Oxfam America
Free, but registration is required. Call (314) 361-9017. Seating is limited.
This event is SOLD OUT.
When: |
Saturday, August 25 2012 at 12:00 pm (past) |
Where: |
AT&T Foundation Multipurpose Room |
How Much: | Free |
Brochure: | oxfam hunger banquet l.pdf |


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Set your phone to see if this item is compatible.
Use the Nokia phone selector.
Coldplay News & Gossip
by: Deetech
Music - 0.40 MB
This application allows Coldplay Rock fans to be up to-date with Current news, information about the Groups music/Videos Lifestyle and Biography.
Contact publisher for issues found in content:
http://www.deetech.kbo.co.ke/home |
For all other issues, please go to support.ovi.com


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Dr. Schweitzer is an Instructor in Radiology and Dr. Majid is a Resident in Radiology at the Medical College of Virginia of Virginia Commonwealth University; and Dr. Paredes is a gynecologist with the Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology at St. Mary's Hospital, Richmond, VA.
Ovarian cancer, the most lethal of all gynecologic cancers, is responsible for approximately 14,500 deaths annually in American women, and remains a challenging enigma. Its natural history remains a mystery, and, despite the new therapeutic modalities, the treatment of the disease is yet an unresolved riddle.
These disturbing facts are better understood when the unusual features of this complex disease are considered. Ovarian cancer represents a subtle array of many types and subtypes of malignancies, each with unique histologic features and idiosyncratic biologic behavior. 1 Because of these facts, no consensus for a standard classification of the disease exists, and the establishment of a standard seems impossible.
Early diagnosis of ovarian cancer is not yet within reach, because of the silent progress of the disease and the lack of specific and sensitive tests at present. The utilization of family history, genetic testing (BRCA-1 and BRCA-2), CA 125 testing, and vaginal and Doppler ultrasound targeted to those patients who are at high risk may be helpful.
Ovarian carcinoma is basically a disease of surfaces, however, in that it spreads not by infiltrating adjacent organs, but by settling on the surfaces of surrounding tissues. Free-floating cancer cells carried by the intra-abdominal peritoneal fluid are responsible for the occult and silent dissemination and for the inaccurate diagnosis of a localized disease. 1 Theoretically, for the diagnosis of ovarian cancer to be effective at a very early stage, biochemical markers would be used to detect the expression of the disease. Since no such markers are available, prophylactic oophorectomy at the time of unrelated pelvic surgery is a reasonable option to discuss with selected patients.
More than 85% of ovarian cancers are of coelomic epithelial origin. 2 The remaining are derived from germ cells, specialized gonadal stroma, nonspecific mesenchyma, or are metastatic lesions to the ovary. The epithelial ovarian cancers consist of the following subtypes: 50% serous, 17% undifferentiated, 15% endometrioid, 12% mucinous, and 6% clear cell carcinomas.
Serous tumors occur at any age, but their peak incidence is in the fourth to fifth decade. Serous carcinomas are the most common bilateral ovarian neoplasms and the most often widely disseminated 3 at the time of diagnosis, with widespread intraperitoneal deposits.
Endometrioid carcinomas are less likely to be bilateral or widely disseminated in the abdominal cavity. These tumors are more likely to be associated with coexisting adenocarcinoma of the uterus 4 and with non-neoplastic endometriosis. The main age at presentation is 55 to 60 years. Common symptoms include abnormal vaginal bleeding, abdominal pain, and/or mass.
Mucinous carcinomas occur mostly in the fourth to seventh decades, are bilateral in 15% to 20% of cases 3 and are mostly (95%) confined to the ovaries at laparotomy. About 5% of mucinous cancers are associated with dermoid cysts and range in size up to 50 cm in diameter. Rare gigantic lesions have been documented as weighing over 100 kg. 3
Clear cell tumors occur most often in the fifth to seventh decades, and one-half to two-thirds of patients are nulliparous. The most common presenting symptom is an enlarging abdominal mass. At laparotomy, 50% are confined to the ovary and are uncommonly associated with paraneoplastic hypercalcemia. 3
Once a pelvic mass is found, the role of the diagnostic radiologic modalities is important to clarify its origin and characteristics. Radiology plays an important role in the diagnosis, preoperative staging, surgical treatment, and evaluation of tumor recurrence of ovarian carcinomas. Ovarian carcinoma has characteristic tumor appearances and modes of tumor spread within the peritoneal cavity. By recognizing these features, the radiologist can assist the clinicians in treatment planning.
Ultrasound is usually used for the evaluation of an asymptomatic or a symptomatic pelvic mass found on clinical exam. A combination of transvaginal and transabdominal ultrasound (US) is 80% accurate in detecting ovarian masses. 5 When an ovarian mass is detected, US is performed to evaluate the other ovary and uterus, as ovarian cancer has a high propensity for uterine cavity and contralateral ovarian involvement. This pattern of involvement is found in endometrioid ovarian cancers and in 66% of malignant serous neoplasms. 6 US is an inexpensive means of evaluating ovarian masses. It has been shown that ultrasound is 90% sensitive in detecting pelvic masses and their origins. 6 However, considerable overlap is present in the imaging features of benign and malignant lesions and, therefore, US cannot be used to differentiate benign from malignant ovarian masses. 7 US is also limited in evaluating the extent of disease; specifically, US is not accurate in evaluating the spread of metastatic ovarian disease to the omentum, mesentery, bowel serosa, and retroperitoneum. 6
Transvaginal ultrasound and color Doppler sonography have improved characterization of ovarian pathology. 7 Ultrasound characteristics that suggest malignancy are multiloculated masses that are >10 cm in diameter with thick septations and solid components 8 (figure 1).
Color Doppler sonography is used to aid in differentiating malignant blood flow patterns from benign or physiologic vasculature. 9 Malignant blood flow is characterized by an increase in diastolic flow, which is secondary to neovascularization. 7 The ovarian arterial blood flow is evaluated by calculating the resistive index (RI) or the pulsatility index (PI). 7 The RI is calculated from the difference between the systolic peak and diastolic trough. The values are found between 0 and 1. The PI is calculated by evaluating the difference over the mean velocity of the cardiac cycle. 7 The PI is considered more accurate than the RI, and values range between 0 and 10. Regardless of which index is used, the lower the value, the more diastolic flow. Doppler waveforms with RI <0.4 and PI <1 suggest malignancy, but there are many other nonmalignant causes of low RI or PI. 7,8
Once ultrasound confirms a mass found on physical examination, other imaging studies are often used to further differentiate the mass and evaluate the extent of disease. The role of cross-sectional imaging in the preoperative evaluation of ovarian cancer is still not universally accepted and is somewhat controversial. 10
If a clinical diagnosis of ovarian cancer is of little doubt, preoperative performance of cross-sectional imaging will not change patient management. 6 Surgery remains at the central point in the management of ovarian cancer. 6,11 Laparotomy, surgicopathologic staging, and tumor debulking are performed. The gold standard is the performance of a total abdominal hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oopherectomy, and omentectomy in addition to aspiration of ascites or peritoneal lavage for cytologic examination. In addition, random peritoneal biopsies are taken from the paracolic gutters, undersurfaces of the hemidiaphragms, and lymph nodes. 11 For patients with advanced disease, chemotherapy is initiated following laparotomy. The routine preoperative use of CT or MRI has not been advocated, as staging and debulking occur at the time of surgery. 6,11 However, cross-sectional imaging has a role in preoperative surgical planning, as well as in determining patients who may benefit from preoperative adjuvant chemotherapy. 6,11
Cross-sectional imaging is used preoperatively to plan the optimal surgery when the diagnosis is uncertain, and as guidance for percutaneous biopsy or paracentesis for symptomatic relief of gross ascites. 6 For surgical planning, imaging can direct the surgeon to areas of disease that may be difficult to assess surgically, such as the dome of the diaphragm and retroperitoneum. 12 In addition, the identification of bowel invasion can alter surgical approach and treatment. 12 The identification of nonresectable tumors is another important aspect of preoperative imaging. Tumor nonresectability has been defined as tumor larger than 2 cm at the mesenteric root, porta hepatis, omentum of the lesser sac, intersegmental fissure of the liver, gastro-splenic ligament, diaphragm, or liver dome. Lymphadenopathy >1 cm at or above the celiac axis and the presence of presacral and extraperitoneal disease are also criteria for nonresectability. 9 Currently, CT is considered the most useful preoperative imaging technique, with a reported accuracy of 70% to 90%. 6,9,11,12
On CT, malignant ovarian tumors may be entirely solid or cystic, or have mixed solid and cystic components, including septations or papillary fronds. Fine or coarse calcifications may be present. Contrast enhancement is variable and, if present, is seen in cyst walls and solid areas (figures 2 and 3). 6,12
The early stages of ovarian cancer include direct invasion to local structures. Metastatic disease occurs via three pathways: 1) intraperitoneal seeding, 2) lymphatic invasion, and 3) hematogenous spread. 11,12,13
Intraperitoneal metastatic disease has a classic appearance. Peritoneal implants frequently occur on the omental and peritoneal surfaces. These include the cul-de-sac, infundibulopelvic ligaments, right paracolic gutter, right subdiaphragmatic surface, liver surface, and mesenteries. 11 Other common sites of organ involvement include the spleen and bowel; bowel obstruction can occur late in the disease secondary to tumor invasion. Less frequently, extra-abdominal and intrahepatic metastases occur late in the disease (figure 4). 14
Previously reported limitations of CT include the lack of visualization of peritoneal implants <5 mm in diameter. 9,12 On CT, peritoneal implants appear as soft-tissue or fluid-attenuated masses; if ascites is present, tumor implants are more readily visible (figure 5). Current CT scanners can detect 50% of peritoneal implants as small as 5 mm. 12,13 Buy et al 13 reported identification of peritoneal implants as small as 2 to 3 mm when large amounts of ascites was present. The most common sites of peritoneal implants identified by CT preoperatively were the right subphrenic space, pouch of Douglas, and greater omentum. Involvement of the greater omentum with spread of tumor is known as omental "caking." The omental "cake" on CT is shown by confluent soft-tissue nodules between the anterior abdominal wall and adjacent bowel, with obliteration of the intervening fat. 15
Lymphatic involvement with ovarian cancer is shown on CT by enlarged retroperitoneal lymph nodes. Specifically, lymph nodes >1 cm may occur in the para-aortic, external iliac, obturator, and hypogastric lymph node chains. 11 One important complication of lymphadenopathy is hydronephrosis due to extrinsic ureteral compression. Metastatic disease occurs in the anterior mediastinum and right thoracic duct via retrosternal lymphatic channels. 11,13
Sites of hematogenous spread of ovarian cancer are also seen on CT. The most common sites of hematogenous spread are the liver, lung, spleen, pancreas, and kidney (figure 6). 11
Postoperative imaging is used in three situations: 1) to identify disease progression, 2) to define treatment endpoints, and 3) to determine if further surgery or a "second-look" operation is necessary. 6 Imaging evaluation is used in conjunction with clinical examination and CA-125 levels in postoperative patient management. 6
Like CT, MRI can diagnose ovarian malignancy in the evaluation of the abnormal pelvis approximately 80% of the time and can detect abdominal spread 80% to 90% of the time. 5 Advantages of MRI include tissue characterization, identification of local tumor extension, and identification of tumor implants involving the hemi-diaphragm, liver surface, and liver parenchyma. 12 Because of its multiplanar capability, MRI can distinguish between uterine and ovarian origin of a pelvic mass. 6,12 MR appearances of ovarian tumors vary and are based upon tissue content.
T1-weighted images enable detection of hemorrhage or fat in an ovarian mass as well as the presence of lymphadenopathy. The high signal intensity of the ovarian follicles helps to differentiate the adjacent bowel and uterus from the ovary on T2-weighted images. 12 The T2-weighted images are also used for tissue characterization. Contrast-enhanced T1-weighted images provide higher resolution of tissue characteristics and identify peritoneal and omental implants. 12 On MRI, these appear as nodules of medium signal intensity. 15 Fat-saturation and gradient-recall echo technique (GRE), are used to further evaluate tissue character. Finally, fast spin echo (FSE) technique decreases image acquisition time, thereby decreasing motion artifact and improving resolution. 12
Ovarian carcinoma, the most lethal gynecologic cancer, is a complex grouping of tumors that often have a silent progression, spreading over surfaces of intraperitoneal structures. An initial evaluation of a pelvic mass is done with ultrasound. Transabdominal ultrasound is performed in conjunction with transvaginal ultrasound and color Doppler evaluation. While ultrasound is a useful, noninvasive, and inexpensive modality to confirm an ovarian mass, its inability to differentiate benign from malignant disease and disease extent limits its utility in the assessment of ovarian carcinoma. CT has been established as the primary imaging modality in the evaluation of ovarian tumors, preoperative staging of disease, and posttreatment response. This is due to its easier accessibility, quicker imaging and interpretation time, physician familiarity, and lower cost than MRI. 9 MRI offers a variety of techniques and has multiplanar capability. It is usually reserved for patients with contraindications to CT scan, such as pregnancy, contrast allergy, or abnormal renal function. 9 However, MRI is becoming more widely used for tissue characterization, and for the evaluation of local and distant spread of disease, especially in evaluation of the liver surface and diaphragm. AR
The authors gratefully thank Ms. Louise Logan for her preparation of the manuscript.
1. Gershenson D, McGuire WP: Ovarian cancer: Controversies in Management. p 425. Churchill Livingston, New York, 1998.
2. DiSaia P, Crosman WT: Clinical Gynecologic Oncology. p 282. Mosby, Baltimore, 1997.
3. Russell P, Farnsworthy A: Surgical Pathology of the Ovaries. pp 249-338. Churchill Livingston, Singapore, 1997.
4. Scully R, Young R, Clement P: Tumors of the Ovary, Maldeveloped Gonads, Fallopian Tubes, and Broad Ligaments. p 125. AFIP, Washington 1998.
5. Kurtz AB, Tsimikas JV, Tempany CMC, et al: Diagnosis and staging of ovarian cancer: Comparative values of Doppler and conventional US, CT, and MR imaging correlated with surgery and histopathologic analysis--Report of the Radiology Diagnostics Oncology Group. Radiology 212:19-20, 1999.
6. Johnson RJ: Radiology in the management of ovarian cancer. Clin Radiol 48:75-82, 1993.
7. Spencer JA, Kurtz AB: Diagnosing early ovarian cancer with ultrasound--Research goal or clinical reality? Clin Radiol 48:83-88, 1993.
8. Kurtz AB, Middleton WD: Ultrasound: The Requisites. pp 407-413. Mosby-Year Book, Inc., St. Louis. 1996.
9. Karlan BY, Platt LD: Ovarian cancer screening: The role of ultrasound in early detection. Cancer 76:2011-2015, 1995.
10. Forstner R, Hedvig H, Occhipinti KA, et al: Ovarian cancer: Staging with CT and MR Imaging. Radiology 197:619-626, 1995.
11. Kawamoto S, Urban BA, Fishman EK: CT of epithelial ovarian tumors. RadioGraphics 19:S85-S102, 1999.
12. Forstner R, Hricak H, White S: CT and MRI of ovarian cancer. Abdom Imag 20:2-8, 1995.
13. Buy JN, Moss AA, Ghossain MA, et al: Peritoneal implants from ovarian tumors: CT findings. Radiology 169:691-694, 1988.
14. Mishell DR, Stenchever MA, Droegemueller W, Herbst AL: Comprehensive Gynecology. pp 911-924. Mosby-Year Book, Inc., St.Louis, 1997.
15. Lee J, Sagel S, Stanley R, Heiken J: Computed Body Tomography with MRI Correlation, vol 2. pp 1238-1239. Lippincott Raven Publishers, Philadelphia, 1998.