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Browsing Research articles (Dept of Geology) by Issue Date
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Mapeo, R.B.M.; Kampunzu, A.B.; Armstrong, R.A. (Geological Society of South Africa. http://sajg.geoscienceworld.org/, June NaN, 2000)[more][less]
Abstract: The Precambrian rocks of northern Botswana comprise poorly exposed igneous complexes, high-grade metamorphic rocks, as well as sedimentary sequences including mainly siliciclastic and carbonate rocks. New U-Pb SHRIMP data are presented for detrital zircons from siliciclastic rocks collected from the Shakawe area in northern Botswana. These data show three main age groups at c. 1020 Ma, 1090 Ma, and 2050 Ma which support contentions for local provenance of the sediments. They also fix the maximum age of the deposition of these siliciclastic rocks at 1020 Ma. The results support field evidence suggesting that the siliciclastic rocks exposed in the Shakawe zone are part of the Ghanzi-Chobe Supergroup. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/371 Files in this item: 1
mapeodoc.pdf (1.611Mb) -
Ringrose, S.; Kampunzu, A.B.; Vink, B.W.; Matheson, W.; Downey, W.S. (John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/117935722/grouphome/home.html, NaN, 2002)[more][less]
Abstract: Quaternary sedimentation in the Moshaweng dry valley of southeastern Botswana is evaluated on the basis of geomorphological evolution and sedimentological analyses. Stratigraphic evidence reveals an 'upper surface (1095 m) containing abundant sil-calcrete, an intermediate surface (1085 m) in which sil-calcrete underlies nodular calcrete and lower (1075 m) surface in which sil-calcrete and nodular calcrete are interbedded. This subdivision is reflected in the geochemical composition of the sediments which show an overall trend of decreasing Si02 content (and increasing CaC03 content) with depth from the highest to the lowest surface levels. The calcretes and sil-calcretes represent modifications of pre-existing detrital Kalahari Group sand and basal Kalahari pebbles which thinned over a Karoo bedrock high. Modification took place during wet periods when abundant Ca++ -rich groundwater flowed along the structurally aligned valley system. With the onset of drier conditions, water table fluctuations led to the precipitation of nodular calcretes in the phreatic layer to a depth of about 20 m. A major geochemical change resulted in the preferential silicification of the nodular calcrete deposits. Conditions for silica mobilization may be related to drying-induced salinity and in situ geochemical differentiation brought about by pebble dissociation towards the top of the sediment pile. As calcretization and valley formation progressed to lower levels, silica release took place on a diminishing scale. Thermoluminescence dating infers a mid-Pleistocene age for sil-calcrete formation suggesting that valley evolution and original calcrete precipitation are much older. Late st~ge dissolution of CaC03 from pre-existing surface calcretes or sil-calcretes led to the formation of pedogenic case-hardened deposits during a time of reduced flow through the Moshaweng system possibly during the upper or late Pleistocene. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/310 Files in this item: 1
Ringrose_ESPL_2002.pdf (3.095Mb) -
Ranganai, R.T.; Kampunzu, A.B.; Atekwana, E.A.; Paya, B.K.; King, J.G.; Koosimile, D.I.; Stettler, E.H. (Royal Astronomical Society. http://www.wiley.com/bw/journal.asp?ref=0956-540X&site=1, NaN, 2002)[more][less]
Abstract: The Limpopo Belt of southern Africa is a Neoarchean orogenic belt located between two older Archean provinces, the Zimbabwe craton to the north and the Kaapvaal craton to the south. Previous studies considered the Limpopo Belt to be a linearly trending east-northeast belt with a width of ~250 km and ~600 km long. We provide evidence from gravity data constrained by seismic and geochronologic data suggesting that the Limpopo Belt is much larger than previously assumed and includes the Shashe Belt in Botswana, thus defining a southward convex orogenic arc sandwiched between the two cratons. The 2 Ga Magondi orogenic belt truncates the Limpopo–Shahse Belt to the west. The northern marginal, central and southern marginal tectonic zones define a single gravity anomaly on upward continued maps, indicating that they had the same exhumation history. This interpretation requires a tectonic model involving convergence between the Kaapvaal and Zimbabwe cratons during a Neoarchean orogeny that preserved the thick cratonic keel that has been imaged in tomographic models. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/326 Files in this item: 1
Ranganai_GJI_2002.pdf (1.361Mb) -
Alemaw, B.F.; Chaoka, T.R. (Pergamon www.elsevier.com/locate/pce, NaN, 2003)[more][less]
Abstract: A distributed GIS-based hydrological model is developed using GIS and computational hydrology techniques. The model is based on water balance consideration of the surface and subsurface processes. The surface water balance processes include precipitation infiltration, overland runoff, evapo-transpiration and canopy surface interception losses on daily time steps; The subsurface process considers soil moisture accounting on a monthly basis. The model was used to estimate generated runoff from matrix of specific geo-referenced grids representing Southern Africa. All regional and seasonal dispensation of water balances have been based on standard GIS formats for storage, spatial display and interpretation of results. Considering the 1961–1990 climatic period, we have mapped the regional variation of the mean annual soil moisture (SM), actual evapo-transpiration (AET), and generated runoff (ROF) across Southern Africa or known as the SADC region. The model estimates the mean SM of the region to be about 148 mm/year. There is a wide spatial range in the distribution of SM over the region due to the fact that the absolute soil moisture is dependent on the water retention properties of the soils considered across the region. The model prediction of the mean annual AET in the region reaches a maximum of 1500 mm, with mean 420 mm. The mean annual generated runoff from the land catchment in the region is about 151 mm/year although there is a significant inter-regional variation among the SADC countries, which is a function of the variation in the vegetation cover, soil and climate variation. Lower runoff regimes are dominant in arid areas in Botswana, Namibia and south-western part of the Republic of South Africa. Higher runoff regimes are the Northern and Western Tanzania, along the east coastal portions of Mozambique, central Mozambique, western Zambia and Malawi. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/494 Files in this item: 1
ALEMAW2003CONTINENTAL SCALE.pdf (623.4Kb) -
Kampunzu, A.B.; Tombale, A.R.; Zhaia, M.; Bagai, Z.; Majaule, T.; Modisi, M.P. (Elsevier www.elsevier.com/locate/lithos, NaN, 2003)[more][less]
Abstract: The Neoarchaean Tati granite–greenstone terrane occurs within the southwestern part of the Zimbabwe craton in NE Botswana. It comprises 10 intrusive bodies forming part of three distinct plutonic suites: (1) an earlier TTG suite dominated by tonalites, trondhjemites, Na-granites distributed into high-Al (Group 1) and low-Al (Group 2) TTG sub-suite rocks; (2) a Sanukitoid suite including gabbros and Mg-diorites; and (3) a younger high-K granite suite displaying I-type, calc-alkaline affinities. The Group 1 TTG sub-suite rocks are marked by high Sr/Y values and strongly fractionated chondrite-normalized rare earth element (REE) patterns, with no Eu anomaly. The Group 2 TTG sub-suite displays higher LREE contents, negative Eu anomaly and small to no fractionation of HREE. The primordial mantle-normalized patterns of the Francistown TTGs are marked by negative Nb–Ti anomalies. The geochemical characteristics of the TTG rocks are consistent with features of silicate melts from partial melting of flat subducting slabs for the Group 1 sub-suite and partial melting of arc mafic magmas underplated in the lower crust for the Group 2 sub-suite. The gabbros and high-Mg diorites of the Sanukitoid suite are marked by Mg#>0.5, high Al2O3 (>>16%), low TiO2 ( < 0.6%) and variable enrichment of HFSE and LILE. Their chondrite-normalized REE patterns are flat in gabbros and mildly to substantially fractionated in high-Mg diorites, with minor negative or positive Eu anomalies. The primordial mantle-normalized diagrams display negative Nb–Ti (and Zr in gabbros) anomalies. Variable but high Sr/Y, Sr/Ce, La/Nb, Th/Ta and Cs/La and low Ce/Pb ratios mark the Sanukitoid suite rocks. These geochemical features are consistent with melting of a sub-arc heterogeneously metasomatised mantle wedge source predominantly enriched by earlier TTG melts and fluids from dehydration of a subducting slab. Melting of the mantle wedge is consistent with a steeper subduction system. The late to post-kinematic high-K granite suite includes I-type calc-alkaline rocks generated through crustal partial melting of earlier TTG material. The Neoarchaean tectonic evolution of the Zimbabwe craton is shown to mark a broad continental magmatic arc (and related accretionary thrusts and sedimentary basins) linked to a subduction zone, which operated within the Limpopo– Shashe belt atf2.8–2.65 Ga. The detachment of the subducting slab led to the uprise of a hotter mantle section as the source of heat inducing crustal partial melting of juvenile TTG material to produce the high-K granite suite. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/381 Files in this item: 1
Kampunzu2003Majorandtrace element.pdf (2.863Mb) -
Alemaw, B.F.; Chaoka, T.R. (Pergamon www.elsevier.com/locate/pce, NaN, 2003)[more][less]
Abstract: A distributed GIS-based hydrological model is developed using GIS and computational hydrology techniques. The model is based on water balance consideration of the surface and subsurface processes. The surface water balance processes include precipitation infiltration, overland runoff, evapo-transpiration and canopy surface interception losses on daily time steps; The subsurface process considers soil moisture accounting on a monthly basis. The model was used to estimate generated runoff from matrix of specific geo-referenced grids representing Southern Africa. All regional and seasonal dispensation of water balances have been based on standard GIS formats for storage, spatial display and interpretation of results. Considering the 1961–1990 climatic period, we have mapped the regional variation of the mean annual soil moisture (SM), actual evapo-transpiration (AET), and generated runoff (ROF) across Southern Africa or known as the SADC region. The model estimates the mean SM of the region to be about 148 mm/year. There is a wide spatial range in the distribution of SM over the region due to the fact that the absolute soil moisture is dependent on the water retention properties of the soils considered across the region. The model prediction of the mean annual AET in the region reaches a maximum of 1500 mm, with mean 420 mm. The mean annual generated runoff from the land catchment in the region is about 151 mm/year although there is a significant inter-regional variation among the SADC countries, which is a function of the variation in the vegetation cover, soil and climate variation. Lower runoff regimes are dominant in arid areas in Botswana, Namibia and south-western part of the Republic of South Africa. Higher runoff regimes are the Northern and Western Tanzania, along the east coastal portions of Mozambique, central Mozambique, western Zambia and Malawi. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/492 Files in this item: 1
ALEMAW2003CONTINENTAL SCALE.pdf (623.4Kb) -
Alemaw, B.F.; Shemang, E.M.; Chaoka, T.R. (Elsevier Science Ltd, http://www.elsevier.com/locate/pce, NaN, 2004)[more][less]
Abstract: Botswana is a semi-arid country with limited recharge to groundwater resources. Groundwater however is a major source of water for domestic, industrial and agricultural uses. There is therefore the need to ensure that the groundwater resources are of drinking quality, by protecting them against pollution sources such as landfills, pit latrines, industries, agricultural pesticides and waste. In this study a preliminary assessment of vulnerability of groundwater to pollution in Kanye well field in SE Botswana is undertaken. In order to assess the vulnerability of this aquifer to pollution, soils types, mapped geology and information from 82 boreholes were input into a GIS system to classify pollution vulnerability using Theissen polygons of the study area. Results indicate that 58% of the well field area is highly or very highly vulnerable to pollution, 34% is moderately vulnerable to pollution, and only 9% has low vulnerability. Estimates of the aquifer media characteristics in areas with only a few observations or few geological logs were considered to have higher uncertainty than areas with many observations. However, the use of the polynomial estimator enabled consideration of simple uncertainty for the aquifer media characteristics and pollution vulnerability modelling process. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/888 Files in this item: 1
Alemaw_PCE_2004.pdf (375.0Kb) -
Ekosse, G.; van den Heever, D.J.; de Jager, L.; Totolo, O. (Elsevier www.elsevier.com/locate/mineng, NaN, 2004)[more][less]
Abstract: This study aimed at chemically and mineralogically characterizing whole particulate air matter (PAM) occurring at the Selebi Phikwe nickel–copper (Ni–Cu) area in Botswana, and postulating its possible environmental implications.Heavy metals concentrations in PAM samples around the Selebi Phikwe Ni–Cu plant were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry and the mineral phases identified by X-ray powder diffraction technique.The particles consisted of quartz, pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite, albite and djurleite.Concentration levels of heavy metals contained in PAM samples could be related to mineral phases present.Quite significantly is the occurrence of djurleite, which has not been found in both the orebody and surrounding soils.Djurleite polymorphs formed from secondary mineralization of chalcocite and the gases H2S and SO2 released from concentration/smelting processes.Possible environmental chemistry of the whole PAM based on its mineralogy at Selebi Phikwe area is discussed. Description: Technical Note URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/545 Files in this item: 1
Ekosse2004Environmental Chemistry1.pdf (511.2Kb) -
Jourdan, F.; Fe´raud, G.; Bertrand, H.; Kampunzu, A.B.; Tshoso, G.; Le Gall, B.; Tiercelin, J.-J.; Capiez, P. (Elservier www.elsevier.com/locate/epsl, NaN, 2004)[more][less]
Abstract: The lower Jurassic Karoo–Ferrar magmatism represents one of the most important Phanerozoic continental flood basalt (CFB) provinces. The Karoo CFB province is dominated by tholeiitic traps and apparently radiating giant dyke swarms covering altogether ca. 3 106 km2. This study focuses on the giant N110j-trending Okavango dyke swarm (ODS) stretching over 1500 km across Botswana. This dyke swarm represents the main (failed) arm of the so-called Karoo triple junction that is generally considered as a key marker of the impingement of the Karoo starting mantle plume head. ODS dolerites yield six new plagioclase 40Ar/39Ar plateau (and miniplateau) ages ranging from 178.7F0.7 and 180.9F1.3 Ma. The distribution of the ages along a narrow Gaussian curve suggests a short period of magmatic activity centered around 179 Ma, i.e., f5 Ma younger than the emplacement age of Karoo mafic magmas in the southern part of the Karoo CFB province (f184). This age difference indicates that Karoo magmatism does not represent a short-lived event as is generally the case for most CFB but lasted at least 5Ma over the whole province. In addition, small clusters of plagioclase separated from 28 other dykes and measured by ''speedy'' step-heating experiments (with mostly two to three steps), gave either ''Karoo'' or Proterozoic ages. Integrated ages of the Proterozoic rocks range from 851F6 to 1672F7 Ma, and one plateau age (959.1F4.6 Ma) and one possibly geologically significant weightedmean age (982.7F4.0 Ma) were obtained. Proterozoic and Karoo mafic rocks are petrographically similar, but Proterozoic dykes display clear geochemical differences (e.g., TiO2 < 2.1%) with the Karoo high-Ti ODS (TiO2>2.1%). Geochemical data combined with available Ar/Ar dates allow the identification of the two groups within a total set of 77 dykes investigated: f10% of the bulk ODS dykes are Proterozoic. Thus, the Jurassic Karoo ODS dykes were emplaced along reactivated Proterozoic structures and there is no pristine Jurassic Nuanetsi triple junction as commonly proposed. This throws into doubt the validity of the ''active plume head'' Karoo CFB rift models as being responsible for the observed ''triple junction'' dyke geometry URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/383 Files in this item: 1
Kampunzu2004KarooTripleJunction.pdf (1.306Mb) -
Cailteux, J.L.H.; Kampunzu, A.B.; Lerouge, C.; Kaputo, A.K.; Milesi, J.P. (Elsevier www.elsevier.com/locate/jafrearsci, NaN, 2005)[more][less]
Abstract: The Neoproterozoic central African Copperbelt is one of the greatest sediment-hosted stratiform Cu–Co provinces in the world, totalling 140 Mt copper and 6 Mt cobalt and including several world-class deposits (P10 Mt copper). The origin of Cu–Co mineralisation in this province remains speculative, with the debate centred around syngenetic–diagenetic and hydrothermal-diagenetic hypotheses. The regional distribution of metals indicates that most of the cobalt-rich copper deposits are hosted in dolomites and dolomitic shales forming allochthonous units exposed in Congo and known as Congolese facies of the Katangan sedimentary succession (average Co:Cu = 1:13). The highest Co:Cu ratio (up to 3:1) occurs in ore deposits located along the southern structural block of the Lufilian Arc. The predominantly siliciclastic Zambian facies, exposed in Zambia and in SE Congo, forms para-autochthonous sedimentary units hosting ore deposits characterized by lower a Co:Cu ratio (average 1:57). Transitional lithofacies in Zambia (e.g. Baluba, Mindola) and in Congo (e.g. Lubembe) indicate a gradual transition in the Katangan basin during the deposition of laterally correlative clastic and carbonate sedimentary rocks exposed in Zambia and in Congo, and are marked by Co:Cu ratios in the range 1:15. The main Cu–Co orebodies occur at the base of the Mines/Musoshi Subgroup, which is characterized by evaporitic intertidal–supratidal sedimentary rocks. All additional lenticular orebodies known in the upper part of the Mines/Musoshi Subgroup are hosted in similar sedimentary rocks, suggesting highly favourable conditions for the ore genesis in particular sedimentary environments. Prelithification sedimentary structures affecting disseminated sulphides indicate that metals were deposited before compaction and consolidation of the host sediment. The ore parageneses indicate several generations of sulphides marking syngenetic, early diagenetic and late diagenetic processes. Sulphur isotopic data on sulphides suggest the derivation of sulphur essentially from the bacterial reduction of seawater sulphates. The mineralizing brines were generated from sea water in sabkhas or hypersaline lagoons during the deposition of the host rocks. Changes of Eh–pH and salinity probably were critical for concentrating copper–cobalt and nickel mineralisation. Compressional tectonic and related metamorphic processes and supergene enrichment have played variable roles in the remobilisation and upgrading of the primary mineralisation. There is no evidence to support models assuming that metals originated from: (1) Katangan igneous rocks and related hydrothermal processes or; (2) leaching of red beds underlying the orebodies. The metal sources are pre-Katangan continental rocks, especially the Palaeoproterozoic low-grade porphyry copper deposits known in the Bangweulu block and subsidiary Cu–Co–Ni deposits/occurrences in the Archaean rocks of the Zimbabwe craton. These two sources contain low grade ore deposits portraying the peculiar metal association (Cu, Co, Ni, U, Cr, Au, Ag, PGE) recorded in the Katangan sediment-hosted ore deposits. Metals were transported into the basin dissolved in water. The stratiform deposits of Congo and Zambia display features indicating that syngenetic and early diagenetic processes controlled the formation of the Neoproterozoic Copperbelt of central Africa. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/387 Files in this item: 1
Kampunzu2005GenesisSediment.pdf (2.837Mb) -
Le Gall, B.; Tshoso, G.; Dyment, J.; Kampunzu, A.B.; Jourdan, F.; Fe´raud, G.; Bertrand, H.; Aubourg, C.; Ve´tel, W. (Elsevier www.elsevier.com/locate/jsg, NaN, 2005)[more][less]
Abstract: The structural organization of a giant mafic dyke swarm, the Okavango complex, in the northern Karoo Large Igneous Province (LIP) of NE Botswana is detailed. This N1108E-oriented dyke swarm extends for 1500 km with a maximum width of 100 km through Archaean basement terranes and Permo-Jurassic sedimentary sequences. The cornerstone of the study is the quantitative analysis of NO170 (exposed) and NO420 (detected by ground magnetics) dykes evidenced on a ca. 80-km-long section lying in crystalline host-rocks, at high-angle to the densest zone of the swarm (Shashe area). Individual dykes are generally sub-vertical and parallel to the entire swarm. Statistical analysis of width data indicates anomalous dyke frequency (few data !5.0 m) and mean dyke thickness (high value of 17 m) with respect to values classically obtained from other giant swarms. Variations of mean dyke thicknesses from 17 (N1108E swarm) to 27 m (adjoining and coeval N708E giant swarm) are assigned to the conditions hosting fracture networks dilated as either shear or pure extensional structures, respectively, in response to an inferred NNW–SSE extension. Both fracture patterns are regarded as inherited brittle basement fabrics associated with a previous (Proterozoic) dyking event. The Okavango N1108E dyke swarm is thus a polyphase intrusive system in which total dilation caused by Karoo dykes (estimated frequency of 87%) is 12.2% (6315 m of cumulative dyke width) throughout the 52-km-long projected Shashe section. Assuming that Karoo mafic dyke swarms in NE Botswana follow inherited Proterozoic fractures, as similarly applied for most of the nearly synchronous giant dyke complexes converging towards the Nuanetsi area, leads us to consider that the resulting triple junction-like dyke/fracture pattern is not a definitive proof for a deep mantle plume in the Karoo LIP. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/400 Files in this item: 1
Kampunzu2005Okavangogiant.pdf (3.456Mb) -
Ringrose, S.; Huntsman-Mapila, P.; Kampunzu, A.B.; Downey, W.; Coetzee, S.; Vink, B.W.; Matheson, W.; Vanderpost, C. (Elsevier www.elsevier.com/locate/palaeo, NaN, 2005)[more][less]
Abstract: This work considers new evidence for palaeo environmental change taking place during the Pleistocene in northern Botswana. Duricrusted strandlines along the northeastern margin of Sua Pan provide palaeo-environmental data pertaining to the Makgadikgadi subbasin (MSB) with inferences regarding the larger Makgadikgadi–Okavango–Zambezi (MOZ) rift depression. Field, XRD and geochemical data show that MSB strandlines comprise calcretes (LU1 type), MgO-rich calcretes with silica (LU2 type), sil-calcrete (LU3 type) and silcrete (LU4 type). Early freshwater episodes appear to have been followed by calcrete-dominated drying phases interspersed with repeated silcretisation. Calcretisation through pan littoral sediments may have been both biogenically and environmentally induced. Calcite precipitation was in part controlled by the Mg/Ca ratio of pore water in the pan littoral zone suggesting closed basin type evaporative conditions, which were followed by a major desiccation interval. Phases of silcrete precipitation appear to be related to periods when the geochemistry of the lake littoral more closely resembled present-day Na–CO3–SO4–Cl-type brines. Silica saturated acidic, moderately saline groundwater preceded Si precipitation which took place as the pH reduced. Si mobilisation occurred (inter alia) as a result of quartz grain dissolution enhanced by diatoms, bacteria and algal growth in the moist pan littoral. SiO2-rich pore waters migrated through cracked and desiccated calcrete into areas of lower salinity and lower pH resulting in preferential calcite removal and silcrete precipitation. Approximate TL dates imply that exposed littoral sand underwent calcretisation during the drying phases of extensive palaeo-lakes which occurred prior to 110 ka, 80–90 ka and 41–43 ka. These wet periods compare fairly well with Vostok core chronologies for southern Africa. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/794 Files in this item: 1
Kampunzu2006Sedimentological.pdf (3.498Mb) -
Huntsman-Mapila, P.; Kampunzu, A.B.; Ringrose, S.; Vink, B. (Elsevier www.elsevier.com/locate/sedgeo, NaN, 2005)[more][less]
Abstract: The siliciclastic sediments of the Okavango inland Delta of northwest Botswana have a modal composition of quartz arenites and result from a complex history, including transport by river and deposition in a nascent rift basin located in a desert environment with input of aeolian sands. The geochemical composition of sediments from the Okavango Delta was determined in order to constrain the role of weathering at the source and the composition of the source rocks. The chemical analyses and the interelement ratios show a broad compositional range usually encompassing the PAAS composition. The chemical index of alteration (CIA) values and the A–CN–K diagram define an evolution trend which can be interpreted using a mixing model involving a strongly weathered component which corresponds to the sedimentary fraction transported by the Okavango River and a relatively immature component which corresponds to the aeolian sand component of the Okavango sediments. Field geological data supported by geochemical ratios involving elements with affinity for mafic–ultramafic and felsic rocks such as Th/Cr, Th/Sc, La/Sc, La/Co and Eu/Eu* support a source area including mafic–ultramafic and felsic rocks, with or without intermediate rocks. The relationships between certain elements (Cr–Ni, Na2O–Al2O3, K2O–Al2O3) refine the interpretation by pointing to the existence of at least three source rock end-members, including a felsic rock source and pyroxene-rich and olivine-rich mafic–ultramafic source rocks. Proterozoic granitoid–gabbro and related volcanic and ortho-metamorphic rock complexes exposed in NW Botswana and adjacent Angola and Namibia are the source rocks of the sediment component which was mixed with aeolian sand and interacted with a variable proportion of diagenetic carbonates to produce the Okavango sediments. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/382 Files in this item: 1
Kampunzu2005OkavangoDeltasediments.pdf (1.941Mb) -
Lerouge, C.; Cailteux, J.; Kampunzu, A.B.; Milesi, J.P.; Fle´hoc, C. (Elsevier www.elsevier.com/locate/jafrearsci, NaN, 2005)[more][less]
Abstract: Luiswishi is a Congo-type Neoproterozoic sediment-hosted stratiform Cu–Co ore deposit of the Central Africa Copperbelt, located northwest of Lubumbashi (DRC). The ores form two main Cu–Co orebodies hosted by the Mines Subgroup, one in the lower part of the Kamoto Formation and the other at the base of the Dolomitic Shales Formation. Sulphides occur essentially as early parallel layers of chalcopyrite and carrolite, and secondarily as late stockwork sulphides cross-cutting the bedding and the early sulphide generation. Both types of stratiform and stockwork chalcopyrite and carrolite were systematically analyzed for sulphur isotopes, along the lithostratigraphic succession of the Mine Series. The quite similar d34S values of stratiform sulphides and late stockwork sulphides suggest an in situ recrystallization or a slight remobilization of stockwork sulphides without attainment of isotopic equilibrium between different sulphide phases (chalcopyrite and carrolite). The distribution of d34S values ( 14.4& to +17.5&) combined with the lithology indicates a strong stratigraphic control of the sulphur isotope signature, supporting bacterial sulphate reduction during early diagenesis of the host sediments, in a shallow marine to lacustrine environment. Petrological features combined with sulphur isotopic data of sulphides at Luiswishi and previous results on nodules of anhydrite in the Mine Series indicate a dominant seawater/lacustrine origin for sulphates, precluding a possible hydrothermal participation. The high positive d34S values of sulphides in the lower orebody at Luiswishi, hosted in massive chloritic–dolomitic siltite (known as Grey R.A.T.), fine-grained stratified dolostone (D.Strat.) and silicified-stromatolitic dolomites alternating with chloritic–dolomitic silty beds (R.S.F.), suggest that they were probably deposited during a period of regression in a basin cut off from seawater. The variations of d34S values (i.e. the decrease of d34S values from the Kamoto Formation to the overlying Dolomitic Shales and then the slight increase from S.D.2d to S.D.3a and S.D.3b members) are in perfect agreement with the inferred lithological and transgressive–regressive evolution of the ore-hosting sedimentary rocks [Cailteux, J., 1994. Lithostratigraphy of the Neoproterozoic Shaba-type (Zaire) Roan Supergroup and metallogenesis of associated stratiform mineralization. In: Kampunzu A.B., Lubala, R.T. (Eds.), Neoproterozoic Belts of Zambia, Zaire and Namibia. Journal of African Earth Sciences 19, 279–301]. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/390 Files in this item: 1
Kampunzu2005SulpherIsotope.pdf (1.156Mb) -
Cailteux, J.L.H.; Kampunzu, A.B.H.; Batumike, M.J. (Elsevier www.elsevier.com/locate/jafrearsci, NaN, 2005)[more][less]
Abstract: The Neoproterozoic Katangan R.A.T. ("Roches Argilo-Talqueuses") Subgroup is a sedimentary sequence composed of red massive to irregularly bedded terrigenous-dolomitic rocks occurring at the base of the Katangan succession in Congo. Red R.A.T. is rarely exposed in a continuous section because it was affected by a major layer-parallel de´collement during the Lufilian thrusting. However, in a number of thrust sheets, Red R.A.T. is in conformable sedimentary contact with Grey R.A.T which forms the base of the Mines Subgroup. Apart from the colour difference reflecting distinct depositional redox conditions, lithological, petrographical and geochemical features of Red and Grey R.A.T. are similar. A continuous sedimentary transition between these two lithological units is shown by the occurrence of variegated to yellowish R.A.T. The D. Strat. "Dolomies Stratifie´es" formation of the Mines Subgroup conformably overlies the Grey R.A.T. In addition, a transitional gradation between Grey R.A.T. and D. Strat. occurs in most Cu–Co mines in Katanga and is marked by interbedding of Grey R.A.T.-type and D. Strat.-type layers or by a progressive petrographic and lithologic transition from R.A.T. to D. Strat. Thus, there is an unquestionable sedimentary transition between Grey R.A.T. and D. Strat. and between Grey R.A.T. and Red R.A.T. The R.A.T. Subgroup stratigraphically underlies the Mines Subgroup and therefore R.A.T. cannot be comprised of syn-orogenic sediments deposited upon the Kundelungu (formerly ''Upper Kundelungu'') Group as suggested by Wendorff (2000). As a consequence, the Grey R.A.T. Cu–Co mineralisation definitely is part of the Mines Subgroup Lower Orebody, and does not represent a distinct generation of stratiform Cu–Co sulphide mineralisation younger than the Roan orebodies. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/391 Files in this item: 1
Kampunzu2005Lithostratigraphic.pdf (1.922Mb) -
Milesi, J.P.; Toteu, S.F.; Deschamps, Y.; Feybesse, J.L.; Lerouge, C.; Cocherie, A.; Penaye, J.; Tchameni, R.; Moloto-A-Kenguemba, G.; Kampunzu, H.A.B.; Nicol, N.; Duguey, E.; Leistel, J.M.; Saint-Martin, M.; Ralay, F.; Heinry, C.; Bouchot, V.; Mbaigane, J.C. Doumnang; Kula, V. Kanda; Chene, F.; Monthel, J.; Boutin, P.; Cailteux, J. (Elsevier www.elsevier.com/locate/jafrearsci, NaN, 2006)[more][less]
Abstract: This paper is prepared within the frameworks of IGCP Project 470 and the associated BRGM scientific project ''Africa 1999–2004'' to accompany the 1:4,000,000 scale map ''Geology and major ore deposits of Central Africa, presented at the 20th Colloquium of African Geology in Orleans in June 2004. It incorporates geological and metallogenic data from eight countries in Central Africa (Angola, Cameroon, Chad, Central African Republic, Congo Brazzaville, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Equatorial Guinea and Zambia). The map is a harmonised and geo-referenced preliminary map, based on a GIS at 1:2,000,000 scale, and focusses on the spatial and temporal distribution of selected major deposits. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/384 Files in this item: 1
Kampunzu2006MajorOreDeposits.pdf (2.307Mb) -
Jourdan, F.; Fe´raud, G.; Bertrand, H.; Watkeys, M.K.; Kampunzu, A.B.; Le Gall, B. (Elsevier www.elsevier.com/locate/epsl, NaN, 2006)[more][less]
Abstract: Continental flood basalts consist of vast quantities of lava, sills and giant dyke swarms that are associated with continental break-up. The commonly radiating geometry of dyke swarms in these provinces is generally interpreted as the result of the stress regime that affected the lithosphere during the initial stage of continental break-up or as the result of plume impact. On the other hand, structures in the basement may also control dyke orientations, though such control has not previously been documented. In order to test the role of pre-dyke structures, we investigated four major putative Karoo-aged dyke swarms that taken together represent a giant radiating dyke swarm (the so-called btriple-junctionQ) ascribed to the Jurassic Karoo continental flood basalt (N3 106 km2; southern Africa). One of the best tests to discriminate between neoformed and inherited dyke orientation is to detect Precambrian dykes in the Jurassic swarms. Accordingly, we efficiently distinguished between Jurassic and Precambrian dykes using abbreviated low resolution, 40Ar/39Ar incremental heating schedules. Save-Limpopo dyke swarm samples (n =19) yield either apparent Proterozoic (728–1683 Ma) or Mesozoic (131–179 Ma) integrated ages; the Olifants River swarm (n =20) includes only Proterozoic (851–1731 Ma) and Archaean (2470–2872 Ma) dykes. The single age obtained on one N–S striking dyke (1464 Ma) suggests that the Lebombo dyke swarm includes Proterozoic dykes in the basement as well. These dates demonstrate the existence of pre-Karoo dykes in these swarms as previously hypothesized without supporting age data. In addition, aeromagnetic and air-photo interpretations indicate that: (1) dyke emplacement was largely controlled by major discontinuities such as the Zimbabwe and Kaapvaal craton boundaries, the orientation of the Limpopo mobile belt, and other pre-dyke structures including shear zones and (2) considering its polygenetic, pre-Mesozoic origin, the Olifants River dyke swarm cannot be considered part of the Karoo magmatic event. This study, along with previous results obtained on the Okavango dyke swarm, shows that the apparent btriple junctionQ formed by radiating dyke swarms is not a Jurassic structure; rather, it reflects weakened lithospheric pathways that have controlled dyke orientations over hundreds of millions of years. One consequence is that the btriple-junctionQ geometry can no longer be unambiguously used as a mantle plume marker as previously proposed, although it does not preclude the possible existence of a mantle plume. More generally, we suggest that most Phanerozoic dyke swarms (including triple junctions) related to continental flood basalts were probably controlled in part by pre-existing lithospheric discontinuities. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/386 Files in this item: 1
Kampunzu2006BasementControl.pdf (2.119Mb) -
Mapeo, R.B.M.; Armstrong, R.A.; Kampunzu, A.B.; Modisi, M.P.; Ramokate, L.V.; Modie, B.N.J. (Elsevier www.elsevier.com/locate/epsl, NaN, 2006)[more][less]
Abstract: The Segwagwa Group of southeastern Botswana, a correlate of the Pretoria Group of the Transvaal Supergroup of South Africa, consists of a major sequence of siliciclastic sedimentary rocks, minor carbonates and basaltic to andesitic lavas and tuffs straddling the Western and Central Domains of the Kaapvaal Craton. The Segwagwa Group unconformably overlies the Taupone Dolomite Group, a correlative of the South African Chuniespoort/Ghaap Groups of the Transvaal Supergroup. SHRIMP U–Pb analyses of 123 detrital zircons from the top, middle and bottom of the Segwagwa Group sedimentary rocks include 96 concordant to nearconcordant zircons defining three main age groups: >3.0–2.9 Ga (n=12), 2.8–2.5 Ga (n=27) and 2.45–2.20 Ga (n=57). The ≥2.90 Ga zircons were sourced from granitoids emplaced before and around 2915±12 Ma and are related to the amalgamation of the Western, Northern and Central Domains of the Kaapvaal Craton. Concordant zircons with a mean age of 2781±8 Ma originate from the Gaborone Igneous Complex. The detrital zircons in the range 2.7–2.5 Ga were likely sourced from the Kalahari continental fragment made up of the Kaapvaal Craton, Limpopo Belt and the Zimbabwe Craton, specifically from the Limpopo Belt and/or the Zimbabwe Craton where igneous rocks in this age range are widespread. The igneous sources for the Palaeoproterozoic (ca. 2.45–2.20 Ga) zircons are difficult to identify since igneous rocks in that age are not widely known or documented by reliable dates in the Kalahari Craton. The youngest zircons of ca. 2.2 Ga occur in all the sandstones and form the main group (N90%) in the sample from the top of the Segwagwa Group. The youngest detrital zircon of 2193±20 Ma sets the maximum time of deposition of the Segwagwa Group. Published data suggest that the minimum deposition age of Chuniespoort/Ghaap Group sedimentary rocks is 2431±31 Ma [D.R. Nelson, Compilation of SHRIMP U-Pb zircon Geochronological Data, 1996 Record 1997/2, pp. 189, Western Australia Geological Survey, 1997.]. Therefore, the unconformity between the Lower and Upper Transvaal represents a ∼200 Ma hiatus, and the lithostratigraphic units on the two sides of the unconformity should not be grouped in the same supergroup. Detrital zircon ages suggest that the time of deposition of the Segwagwa/Pretoria Group which ranges from ca. 2.40 to 2.20 Ga is coeval with the Palaeoproterozoic global glacial deposits in North America, Australia and Fennoscandia; and with sedimentary rocks from the Palaeoproterozoic Magondi Belt. Therefore, the Segwagwa/Pretoria Group and the Magondi metasedimentary succession were deposited during the first global glacial period, are possibly related to the same geodynamic cycle, and should be part of the same supergroup. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/742 Files in this item: 1
Mapeo2006Transvaal Groups.pdf (1.993Mb) -
Mapeo, R.B.M.; Ramokate, L.V.; Corfu, F.; Davis, D.W.; Kampunzu, A.B. (Elsevier Ltd. www.elsevier.com/locate/jafrearsci, NaN, 2006)[more][less]
Abstract: The Okwa Basement Complex crops out at the northwestern edge of the Kaapvaal craton within the Okwa Inlier, an isolated exposure of Precambrian basement in the Kalahari Desert. New U–Pb zircon dating was performed on all the major Palaeoproterozoic lithologies of the complex. Results are 2055.3 ± 1.3 Ma for augen gneiss, 2056.3 ± 1.3 Ma for foliated monzogranite and 2057 ± 2 Ma for microgranite. A meta-rhyolite gives an age of 2055 ± 4 Ma, based on one concordant zircon, and contains an inherited zircon with an age of 2101 ± 4 Ma. All precisely dated rocks are indistinguishable in age at 2056 ± 2 Ma. This age can be broadly correlated with Palaeoproterozoic geologic events in the Magondi belt at the northwest margin of the Zimbabwe craton and the Triangle Shear Zone in the Limpopo belt. However, the most precise correlation is with the Bushveld Complex, whose age is indistinguishable from that of the Okwa Basement Complex. This suggests a link between marginal and intra-cratonic Bushveld-age magmatism on the Kaapvaal craton. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/272 Files in this item: 1
The Okwa basement complex.pdf (5.655Mb) -
Huntsman-Mapila, P.; Ringrose, S.; Mackay, A.W.; Downey, W.S.; Modisi, M.; Coetzee, S.H.; Tiercelin, J.-J.; Kampunzu, A.B.; Vanderpost, C. (Elsevier, www.sciencedirect.com, NaN, 2006)[more][less]
Abstract: Sediment samples from a continuous 4.6m profile in the dry bed of Lake Ngami in NW Botswana were analysed for geochemistry and dated using both 14C and TL methods. Certain units in the profile were found to be diatom rich and these, with the geochemical results, were used as indicators of high and low lake levels within the basin. The Lake Ngami sediments contain a high proportion of SiO2 (51–92.5 wt%, avg. 72.4 wt%) and variable levels of Al2O3 (2.04–17.2 wt%, avg. 8.88 wt%). Based on elevated Al2O3 and organic matter (LOIorgC) results, lacustrine conditions occurred at ca. 42 ka until 40 ka and diatom results suggest that relatively deep but brackish conditions prevailed. At 40 ka, the lacustrine sedimentary record was terminated abruptly, possibly by tectonic activity. At ca. 19 ka, shallow, aerobic, turbulent conditions were prevalent, but lake levels were at this time increasing to deeper water conditions up until ca. 17 ka. This period coincides with the Late Glacial Maximum, a period of increased aridity in the central southern Africa region. Generally, increasing Sr/Ca ratios and decreasing LOIorgC and Al2O3, from ca. 16 to 5 ka, suggest decreasing inflow into the basin and declining lake levels. Based on the enrichment of LREE results, slightly alkaline conditions prevailed at ca. 12 ka. Diatom results also support shallow alkaline conditions around this time. These lake conditions were maintained primarily by local rainfall input as the region experienced a warmer, wetter phase between 16 and 11 ka. Lake levels rose rapidly by 4 ka, probably in response to enhanced rainfall in the Angolan catchment. These results indicate that lake levels in the Lake Ngami basin are responding to rainfall changes in the Angolan catchment area and local rainfall. The results confirm that the present-day anti-phase rainfall relationship between southern Africa and regions of equatorial Africa was extant during the late Quaternary over the Angolan highlands and NW Botswana. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/891 Files in this item: 1
Modisi2006SedimentaryRecord.pdf (1.674Mb)
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Animal Diaries Archive
2007 - january february march april may june july august september october november december
Finally winter is over!
21 September 2007
It's just about every reptile keeper's favourite time of the year. The time where we are so flat out we just about run out of our shoes. You may not be aware but most reptiles eat very little to nothing at all during the cooler months of the year. Snakes especially have a much slower metabolism than mammals like us so don't need to eat as regularly. Some large species of Boids (pythons and boas) have been observed to go up to 2 years without food!! That's hard to imagine. As the weather warms up though, our reptiles get their appetite back. This means most of our time is taken up feeding, and hence cleaning up after, our cold blooded friends.
Our snakes particularly have just cottoned on to the rise in the mercury and have been much more active in their foraging behaviour as you may notice when heading through the venomous snake house. We usually feed in the afternoon so we have to be ready for an excitable snake when ever enclosures are opened at this time, which keeps us on our toes. Snakes swallow their food whole so their food varies according to their size, but they all eat in relatively the same way. Our pythons and boas use constriction to hold onto their prey to facilitate swallowing while our elapid snakes bite and hold onto their prey allowing their venom to subdue and eventually help break down their food in their stomach. Snakes jaws are loosely aligned by ligaments, rather than bone like ours. This allows them to eat much larger prey items than other animals of similar size.
Carnivorous lizards such as members of the varanids or monitor family, can also eat large amounts in one sitting. Komodo dragons have even been recorded eating up to 60% of their own body weight! That can be up to 60 to 80kgs of food in one sitting!
Our Amazing Reticulated Pythons
Reticulated Pythons have amazing patterns on their bodies which are designed to help them blend into the leaf litter of the rainforests. These patterns are a mi ...more

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Hey guys so I'm currently building my new gaming rig (well.. first gaming rig) And when I've watched building videos etc people seem to test the system when its not in the case to make sure things work before installing everything into the case, my problem seems to be, the PSU is working fine when I do the paperclip test, but not when it's plugged into the motherboard/gaphics card etc, my motherboard is the asus Z77 extreme 6 and the power supply is the Corsaid GS700 Uk, am I missing something here? The ram is in, the processor is in, the Graphics card (7850) is in, but it just won't boot, earlier I flicked the switch and it went on for a second, then stopped, anyone have any ideas? :/
Quick on-off is usually an electrical short/bad component, or lack of 8-pin EPS plug connected. Or, CPU is not mounted correctly.
8pin eps is connected, also would that be a problem with the board or the psu? Ill remount the CPU now, does it matter if the fan is connected (Mine currently isn't)
Could the fact I'm using a i5 2500k on a Z77 board be causing it? I know they're backwards compatible and all but still :/
No, shouldn't be any issues like that, all current SKT1155 CPUs shoudl eb supproted wit hteh shipping BIOS. Look for shorts with board and case, re-seat videocards and ram. It is possible that the combination of PCIE GPU, PCIe 3.0 board, but PCIe 2.0 CPU is part of it, I guess, although that'd be my last choice. You coudl try removing the add-in VGA, plugging monitor into the board itself, clearing CMOS, and seeing what happens... DO you get any display on teh POST reader under the chipset cooler?
Please, don't start double posting... use the edit button to add info/questions/etc. Thanks. Check all the power connections again. Un-plug anything not needed, like dvd/cd players, hubs, docks, etc. Try with one stick of ram (swap them and try again) Check your cpu is properly mounted and inserted. (make sure it has the cooler/HS in place! And, any plastic covering has been removed.) Reset the bios(manual should have the instructions) If, you are testing outside the case, make sure it is not on anything conductive. If, you have installed it; did you use standoffs under the motherboard? If, you have a motherboard speaker and a place on the motherboard for it's connection... try it and count any error beeps. If you can gain access to another PSU, you might want to try it. The paper clip test alone just shows the power up signal is working and the psu fan spins... you need to test the PSU outputs with a meter or a load (fan, light (like and led setup),etc.). A meter is usually available everywhere for a little money. Radio Shacks, Sears, Home Depots, Lowes, Best Buy, Harbor Freight, Northern, K-Mart, Big Lots, etc. EDIT: List all your specs and any thing you have plugged in the system when you are trying it.
How do I check for shorts when the mobo wont power? like, I mean it wont power at all, anything, I switched the ram, no change, tried switching pci ports, no change, but! I didn't try the bios thing, ill try that. What is the post reader under the chipset cooler? :/ Thanks Sorry about the double post! Nothing except the Graphics card and Motherboard have anything plugged into it, I am testing outside of the case as I said I was testing it before putting it into the case incase anything was wrong. Cpu has been remounted twice now, checked all the pins with a mag glass and none are bent or anything like that, but you say I should have the Heat sink in place? Will that make a difference? Gona try resetting the Bios but how can I do that when no power seems to get getting to the board? I cut open a large card board box and put it on a layer over the table so there's nothing conductive and I've been grounding myself every 3 minutes with a timer :/ Unfortunately I don't have a meter at the moment, but if it makes a difference sometimes when it's turned on it'll go for 2-3 secs and power the GPU and light the board for a blink of an eye then stops. Specs = As Rock Z77 extreme 6 Asus 7850 GPU I5 2500k G.skill Ram 8gb 2 sets of 4gb PSU Is the corsair GS700W Gamer series.
There is a dual-digit LED display located under the chipset cooler that shows 2-number codes as the board boots. If no codes are displayed, there is a short, or the board is bad. Pretty much anything else, and there will be at least one code shown.
Sounds like you have a short somewhere. To rule it out, start with 1 component at a time: Motherboard 1 stick RAM Video Card addition pci cards additional Dimms
There is a small 2 digit LED light doctor thing on the board, unfortunately it's no help since I can't get any power to it! /: Unfortunately already tried that ): Is a short the problem of the motherboard or the PSU? Will fit it now and see. Also thanks for the getup compliment ^^' If I can get it to work that is! haha Bare with me here folks! might take me a bit of time to install the heatsink (big ass noctua haha) back soon!
If the motherboard on a test bed or actually in the case? It could be a short caused by a grounding issue.
Are you sure your board is an Asus Z77 Extreme 6? I think it's an ASRock. Reconnect the 24 pin power to the mobo and the 8 pin CPU power. Connect power to your video card. There is a start button on the mobo. Switch your PSU to on and push the start button.
It's on a table with a thick layer of cardboard between it and the table, and I've been grounding every 3 mins :/ You re indeed correct sir, My mistake typing asus haha, yeah there is a power button but it doesn't seem to be doing anything since the psu doesn't seem to want to give it any juice!
What is the Model/Part numbers on your memory? Are you trying it with just one stick in A1 or B1 then A2 or B2? And, swap the sticks.
Please don't take this the wrong way! But what do the Ram sticks have to do with powering the board? (not saying you're wrong I'm just curious as I'm new to this. Also the frigging heatsink wont even work now ether )): the brackets wont fit with the spacers on ^ Never mind got the heat sink, just can't put it on a certain way, there's a gold cylinder blocking horizontal alignment on the board though from what I can tell. the heatsink is now on, thermal paste and all, went well. Although, no change ):
IT'S WORKING, big thank you guys! No idea how, but when I plugged in the fan the whole thing just started up and running! Although I do have to hold the motherboards power button at the same time as I flick the switch, although it does that Start and stopping thing without the heatsink still. Not gona lie guys, when it all came alive I was near jumping around shouting "IT'S ALIVE, IT'S ALIIIVE!" Haha But quick question, em... the power and reset buttons on my haf 922 case will take care of the holding in the power on the mobo thing right? Once again cheers haha, I wouldn't have thought to put the heatsink on first otherwise ^^'
Yes! Do you have the HSF mounted on the CPU? Don't try anything without that being properly mounted. Put the mobo in the case and be careful to use the standoffs. Read your mobo manual to see where and how to connect power/reset/HDD activity plugs from your case. Good luck and come back here if you have any problems.
Was a long night, but everything's up and ready need to upload windows 7 and that's me, although the keyboard still hasn't arrived yet, which is driving me crazy because it's the only thing that was ordered first class haha!


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by Michael Putman
In looking at the subtitle of Larry Ferlazzo's website/blog, a casual reader may just consider it to be a resource for teaching students who are non-native English speakers. However, to do this would be missing out on a variety of other resources, especially technology-related, that are available on the site that will benefit not only teachers who work with the aforementioned students, but also anyone interested in staying abreast of many of the latest trends in education.
The multitude of information available here becomes immediately evident when scrolling through the posts on Larry's blog, the primary site linked to this article. The reader sees posts ranging from descriptions of iPad resources to a "'Round-up' of Good School Reform Posts and Articles." Generally the information is provided as a series of links, but the interested reader can pick and choose which ones to access based on the brief descriptions provided.
As if the blog did not provide enough information, there are also several notable areas worth examining from the links on the website. Scrolling over the "About" link at the top of the page reveals a number of relevant links. Perhaps the most interesting is the "My Best of Series," where the reader will find what Larry considers the best websites/resources for learning content or educational games or…you get the point. Name a topic and it's probably there. Readers will also find links to several other websites/blogs maintained by Larry, including Larry Ferlazzo's English website and another directed towards engaging parents in school.
In short, whether you are a teacher looking for information on helping your students who are learning English or are simply looking for interesting, relevant information that is education-related, Larry Ferlazzo's Websites of the Day is a great place to start (and finish) your search.
Michael Putman is from the University of North Carolina at Charlotte, firstname.lastname@example.com.
This article is part of a series from the Technology in Literacy Education Special Interest Group (TILE-SIG).
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April 2010
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text:
Survey of Energy Resources 2007
Uranium Country Notes
Exploration for uranium started in the early 1950s, since when deposits have been discovered in a number of locations, mostly in the western part of the country and in the southerly province of Chubut in Patagonia. During the 1990s, a countrywide programme of exploration directed at the evaluation of areas with uranium potential was undertaken. Regional assessment of uranium potential continues, with selected areas of interest being studied in greater depth. Several Canadian companies have been involved in exploration activities in recent times.
Uranium was produced on a small scale from the mid-1950s, with cumulative production reaching 2 631 tonnes by the end of 1999. Since then, output has been in abeyance. The production centre at San Rafael in the province of Mendoza, which processed ore from the Sierra Pintada deposit, has been placed on a standby basis. In June 2004, the state agency CNEA, which since 1996 has owned and operated Argentina's uranium industry, presented a proposal to reactivate the San Rafael complex, but in early-2007 a firm decision to reopen the plant had not yet been taken.
Proved reserves of uranium, in terms of RAR recoverable at less than US$ 80/kgU, were 4 880 tonnes at the beginning of 2005. Further Identified Resources comprised 2 200 tonnes of RAR, recoverable at US$ 80-130/kgU and 8 560 tonnes of IR recoverable at less than US$ 130/kgU. Undiscovered resources (at the latter cost level) consisted of 1 440 tonnes of PR.


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So I am headed to London next week for the inaugural Dell Storage Forum 2012: Europe. I am very excited to be going to London to cover this event for Dell. I am excited about visiting London and meeting the many friends I have made via social media from the UK and surrounding European countries.
Once I found out that I would be traveling overseas I started making a list of the things that I would need to make my trip enjoyable. I mean I like to fly and all, but 14 hours in an airplane at my height is not that enjoyable, so I had to find some creative ways pass the time. I have my android powered phone, which on a good day of moderate use will last me about 14 hours on a full charge. Since I would be using the phone heavily during the flight to play games, etc. I doubt that I am going to get anywhere near the 14 hours. But wait I have an android tablet that I can watch movies on, so that should last me for a while too right. Well, to be honest I am not sure how long the battery lasts under heavy, so I had to get creative.
For VMworld 2011 I bought one of those rechargeable battery packs that you can use to recharge phones, mp3 players and even tablets. It is a 5000mAh one with two charging ports and 2A of output, pretty good for something about the size of a pocket camera.
You would think that would be enough, well not for me. I thought if one was could two of these external battery packs would be twice as good. So off I went to get a second one. After arriving at the online store I noticed a larger capacity pack for about the same money as the 5000mAh. Now this one is a whooping 9900mAh with dual ports just like the first one. So I put on my EE hat and said, this is the one to buy and off it went to the shopping cart.
Ok, I am all set right? Wait, I have to charge all this stuff. Battery packs, camera battery, phone, tablet, laptop, mp3 player, etc. Ah, well just plug them in to a power strip and charge them all at the same time. Opps, forgot about the difference in plugs, not to mention voltage. Now I had to go out and get the voltage/converter plugs for UK to US. What about a power strip? Can I use one with the adapters/convertors? Honestly, I have no idea if I can or not. Since this will be my first trip to the UK, I really have no idea what to expect, so I have to plan for everything. Off to one of my favorite online stores to get a USB charger with more than one port. I found this little gem with 4 ports (phone, tablet, mp3 player, camera) all from on electrical outlet … Sweet!
This is a 4 port USB charger, now it still has the US style plug, but given I live in the US this is okay and I have the UK to US adapters so I am all set.
Be sure to follow me on twitter at @iSCSIKing to follow my adventure in London for Dell Storage Forum 2012.


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summer session.
"Why would I carry such a weight on my shoulders
Why do I always help you carry your boulders
And wonder why I carry such a weight on my shoulders
And why would I a t t ts such a load
But someday you'll see
Next time I'll try it another way
Why would you try to make me friends with them soldiers
When you know that I've never been familiar with orders
When you know that my heart is in a *pretty* disorder
And you should know that in my heart you fill every corner
And someday you'll see that all I want is to please
Oh, next time I'll try it another way
How long will I sit and wait like a soldier-her" (Ñ) the do
More looks by So S.
Comments (17)
great photo, i LOVE your hair. |
this is soo good. Hyped. I love your shoes and the way they go with your leggings. And that's a cute dead cat ;] |
I love this, hyped! :) |
Love your top! hype |
cute darling! |
' very nice :) |


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Many educators would agree it takes years of experience to truly develop a passion for teaching. For Maureen Connolly '97C, '00GEd, '06Ed.D., that passion was ingrained during the early stages of her childhood. "I come from a long history of teaching, so it was second nature for me to be interested in the field my family so loved," says Maureen, a proud triple alumnus of St. John's University.
Now an English teacher at Mineola High School, Maureen says her interest in teaching literature grew from a childhood surrounded by books. "When I was a little girl living in Long Island, I would sit in on my grandmother's weekly book group meetings," explains Maureen. "Seeing my grandmother's deep love for reading, and my grandfather enjoy his life as a book salesman, inspired me to carry on the family legacy and pursue a career in literature."
In addition to a placing a heavy emphasis on reading education, Maureen also stresses the importance and benefits of service learning – something she learned as a student at St. John's. "At St. John's, I had the opportunity to explore the world while helping others by participating in study abroad programs and volunteering to build homes with organizations like Habitat for Humanity."
The honoree of this year's Leaders in Education Awards Dinner (LEAD), Maureen has received numerous accolades throughout her career for her dedication and commitment to student success beyond the classroom. "I try to encourage my students to recognize that they have a responsibility to change the world. It's not enough to make them aware of what's happening around the world; we must teach them the ways in which they can make a difference."
Taking students to plant trees at an environmental center while they read Of Mice and Men, drawing alphabet books for adult literacy centers and creating informational posters spreading the awareness of genocide are just some of the projects she has incorporated into her classes.
"When engaged in service learning," she says, "students never ask why they have to learn something or study a particular book because they see firsthand how what they're learning better enables them to take action or how the book further informs their understanding of the need for action."
Maureen, a firm believer in making a direct impact, shares what has made her so successful for the past twelve years, "I always believe that what I'm teaching has a greater purpose. I love being a teacher. Everyday I wake up and I know this is exactly what I'm supposed to be doing."


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callofduty said:snow I clicked yes on the poll It would not have been you who done it your too much of a thick t??t
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Amazon's Sales Problem
I haven't been short the stock, but I've certainly felt bearish about the name for the past four or five months. Here's where I -- and other Amazon bears -- have been wrong:
- After a couple of quarters of misses, analysts had sufficiently low expectations for this quarter.
- Operating margins -- although only 1.5% -- were ahead of expectations.
- People don't care about earnings year over year. They only care about how you did relative to expectations (assuming your guidance is healthy).
Amazon shorts also have to contend with the market's inherent desire to believe in Jeff Bezos in the long term. Any decline in earnings is seen as a short-term pause in the purpose of the long term. So lower earnings are simply the result of investment in more people, robots, distribution centers and free shipping to hook investors.
You can say it shouldn't be this way, or you can accept the world as it is and make your way through it.
People said last night the rally was fueled by shorts covering. That could be. There were 10 million shares held short going into last night's print. About 1 million shares traded this morning before the open. Typically, 5 million shares trade in a given day.
Amazon posted 28 cents in EPS last night; the Street was expecting 7 cents. In the year-ago quarter, the company did 44 cents of EPS. However, of this 28 cents, 19.5 cents (or $89 million), came from equity method investment activity.
An interesting point of comparison: Amazon's North American Media Revenues (including all books, DVDs and music) was $2.1 billion in the quarter, up 17% year over year. All of Apple's (AAPL) iTunes revenues amounted to $1.9 billion in the quarter and grew 35% year over year.
The bears can point to the drop in earnings and free cash flow over the past three years, but it hasn't mattered to the stock. Investors have been willing to give Bezos the benefit of the doubt because he's delivered big growth in the past when he's said he's investing in the business.
So, this stock no longer works when there are meaningful cracks in the revenue story. When might that be?
Analysts are expecting $63 billion in revenues for this year. They also see it rising to $80.8 billion next year. That's a 28.4% year-over-year growth rate in the top line. In this current quarter, Amazon grew total top-line sales by 33% compared to the prior year, so management's lofty goal seems doable on the surface. However, it could be close. Top-line growth has been slowing over time; we'll see what it is by next year.


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Capital Grille - Fort Worth
Online Reservations
I was not home due to business on our anniversary so I wanted to do something special for my wife. We started with drinks at the bar and then moved to a romantic table. Although everyone seems to have a seafood tower, the one at the Capital Grill still seems to be the best. The service was stellar and when we said we were having an anniversary dinner - suddenly a rose , petals for the table and a cake appeared. The took our picture and I must say went out of their way to make it a special night. You can never go wrong at a Capital Grill in any city.
It's often hard to find a nice restaurant for dinner on Sunday Evening. We were staying at the Hilton across the street and decided to try the Capital Grille. We weren't disappointed. They have an extensive wine list with broad price points and the service was excellent. I've had tuna at many fine restaurants, but this may be the best I've had. The filet was about three inches thick and 4X4 square...perfectly cooked. It was presented on a plate with three different sauces, white soy, ginger vinegar and wasabi olive oil in three small cup nestled in three holes in the plate. Outstanding! My wife had sea bass with mushrooms and tomatoes in a rich mushroom sauce...also outstanding. We rarely eat beef but will return for a steak.
Food was excellent, as was the service. Everyone was very attentive and polite. Since we were there on a Monday night I was a little surprised by the noise level, however it wasn't obnoxious. Steak and salmon were excellently prepared. Décor was typical steakhouse, wood paneling and very low light levels. Consider bringing small flashlight to read the menu.
Very good service, waitress brought out a specially made desert plate (on the house!) when she found out we were celebrating our 22nd anniversary, took our picture and printed out and put in a photo folder for us. Food was excellent, and we had a very nice anniversary dinner.
We had a business meeting here and they did a wonderful job of waiting on our table. The restaurant was quiet and the food was exceptional.
Pricey but good. Lambchops were excellent. Onion soup one of the best we have had.
The food is always excellent. Try the filet oscar! We looooove the coconut cream pie here. Like no where else.
Everything about our dining experience was excellent. Food variety and quality were good. Very nice wine list with good selections in all price ranges. The room was comfortable. Best though was the service. Our waiter was one of the very best anywhere!!
We came here shortly after it opened last year - and things were a little shaky. Not bad by any means, but when you are surrounded by Del Frisco's and Ruth's Chris, this was probably the last one we would go to for a good steak. We got a gift card here so thought why not give it another try and boy, are we glad we did. Everything was superb! The steaks were cooked to perfection - as well as the lobster and the sides were delicious! The lobster mac was creamy, cheesy and the perfect amount of lobster in it. The desserts were also delicious (creme brulee cheesecake and espresso cake) and the service Lauren gave us was the bow on top. Definitely would go to Capital Grille over it's surrounding steakhouse neighbors anytime!
Probably the best dining experience I've ever had, waitress and staff were very friendly and personable and the food was cooked perfectly and was the best meal I've ever had. Will definitely be returning.
We had a great experience. Service was exceptional (Aaron Williams took great care of us). Food was perfectly prepared and beautifully presented. Very highly recommended. We came in after a Ballet at the Bass near closing time. The staff treated us like we were VIP's t!!!
Ate here in the summer with a large group and was not impressed at all, however, we decided to give it another chance with a much smaller group and so happy that we did. The food was so much better this time around. It could have been what I ordered as well. Really enjoyed my filet. The lobster mac and cheese is an excellent choice to share. The bread is a must not pass up item as well. So many great choices. The service was outstanding as well. Would definitely recommend and we will be back.
My husband and I always feel a little down on Sunday evenings since we both have to go back to work on Mondays. We decided to have a date night to cheer ourselves up and Capital Grille was an excellent choice. The food was delicious and the service was phenominal. I was also very pleased with the large portions only because I was able to take plenty home for lunch the next day. We hope to be back again soon!
This was my first visit to this Capital Grille although I have diner at other locations. Although advertised as "business casual" many patrons took full advantage, wearing gimme caps, baseball jackets, and even flip flops. While CG is not jackets required, it is more upscale than Golden Corral. In parallel, the physical lay out of openness fostered a noise level that allowed a large party conversation to be heard by everyone.
Excellent food and excellent service. My husband enjoyed the porter house and I had the sea bass. Both were wonderful. The lobster mac & cheese can't be beat and the coconut cream pie for dessert is icing on the cake. Surprisingly, it is my favortie dessert in town!
We dined here yet again (our favorite place in Fort Worth) and I ventured out of my comfort zone regarding dining options. I ordered the stuffed lobster tail, and it was fantastic! Tender, succulent, and extremely flavorful. The parmesan truffle fries are wonderful, and the portion is perfect for one (although my better half found it big enough to help herself to sharing). She ordered the sauteed spinach, a chopped salad, and sauteed mushrooms, and each dish was absolutely perfectly prepared. Our server (one of three that we regularly request) made sure the everything was spot-on, and recommended an excellent zinfandel from Napa Valley to complement our dining selections. Fabulous....all the way around! Again!!
Ryan was an amazing server. I've been to the Dallas location several times and this was my first time at the Ft. Worth location. I highly recommend sitting in Ryan's area. He's very tentative.
My wife and I enjoyed a great dinner at Capital Grille on Sunday night. It was our first visit to the Ft. Worth restaurant and all aspects of our visit were outstanding. Our steaks and lobster tails were cooked perfectly and some of the best that we've had recently. We will definitely be returning to the restaurant. Thanks, AmEx, for the offer that prompted us to dine at Capital Grille.
Everything was excellent. They gave my wife and the lady we were with a complimentary dessert for their birthdays and gave us a free photo of us dining at their restaurant. The food and service was exceptional and we were very pleased with Capital Grille
This was our first visit and probably will not be our last. Food and service were excellent. Our server Steve was attentive without being obtrusive. I was especially impressed with his offer at the end of our evening to take our valet ticket and have our vehicle brought up so we could make an expedient departure. A small thing but worth noting. The evening was expensive but for the most part worth it. I did have a problem with some of the pricing. As an example seven dollars plus for ice tea and coffee seemed to be a little over the top.
Capital Grille is fast becoming a favorite. They have excellent steaks and a great wine list. Leighton was an attentive waiter. Go and enjoy a fine steak!
I have had better steaks before, but the overall dining experience was very good. Our waiter, Alex, was superb.
Everything was awesome from the greeting upon arrival to the recommendations from the server. The Porcini rubbed Delmonico was cooked perfectly. The server recommended the calimari and it was delicious. I highly recommend the lobster mac & cheese.
We have been here before and like the other times it met if not exceeded our expectations. Great bar scene. Staff overall very well trained and restaurant is run with professionalism and high level of service. Our server (Brenda) was attentive, personal, and knowledgeable. Highly recommend lobster Mac-n-Cheese.
I wrote a note on the OT asking if CG could have rose on the table as a special birthday memento. Upon our reservation we were greeted with friendly smiles from everyone and my date received birthday greeting from the staff. We were escorted to our table that was decorated with not only a beautiful rose, but birthday confetti and a birthday card signed by the staff. The food and service was wonderful and the evening was topped off by a "birthday cake" made up of small portions of delicious cheese cake and flourless chocolate cake! Our waitress even took our picture as a wonderful memory of our birthday dinner and date. To all of you at The Capital Grill, thank you for your efforts and we look forward to coming back to see you many times.
Capital Grille is at the top of the list for me. Their filets cannot be beat, especially the Oscar. Lobster/crab cakes are absolutely made in heaven and shipped here! I have never had a bad experience in either food or attention at a Capital Grille. This is fine dining at its best. Unfortunately I cannot speak to their desserts - every time I've been I'm so full I can't fathom eating dessert. Next time I shall eat the dessert first.
wonderful as always...service outstanding......desserts were special treat never tried before.
The evening started out wonderfully with our server Aaron. He answered my myriad of questions and made sure we were comfortable with the menu. The food was amazingly seasoned and the portions were perfect. The evening ended with Aaron putting together a special birthday dessert due to my dietary restriction, and a lovely lit candle. He then secretly slipped my companion with a single rose to provide to me at the same time. CLASSY, CLASSY PLACE!
All I can say is wow! The food was exceptional with service second to none. We went based on other review and we weren't disappointed. Lobster Bisque - lobster in it the size of my thumb. Same with the lobster Mac and cheese. Both a must have. I had the lamb chops and was not disappointed. A must try especially for date night.
There were three of us and we had the trifecta - appetizers, dinner AND dessert w/coffee. It was truly a treat to receive the well-versed recommendations of our server after hearing our preferences - one steak, one fish and one "something lemony with capers." The presentation of the food was beautiful, and it was truly outdone by the taste. The wild mushrooms were melt-in-you-mouth delish! No one wanted to share dinner; that's a true testament to the food. The noise level got louder and louder as the restaurant got more crowded, but we just soaked it up since it was a "chick fun" night. Had this been a romantic date, the noise would have been too much unless a more private booth or table was available. Will definitely go back.
great as always...the lamb chops are the best! also the lobster mac and cheese was delicious. As great as the food is, it's the service that makes it so superb...Rob is the very best!
This is by far the best restaurant in downtown Fort Worth. The food, atmosphere and service was fantastic. The steaks are to die for. I tried the Lamb Chops and they were wonderful. Our waitress, Lety, gave us the best service that I have ever experienced eating out down town. I work downtown Fort Worth and have eaten at just about every restaurant. You can find good food pretty much anywhere downtown, but I value that service as well. The Capital Grille has it all.
the food was delicious and the service very good......the new chef is doing some great things!
We love Capital Grille. Always good service and we are made to feel very welcome. Gloria, the manager, always takes time to come by and check on us at least two times during our visit. Our absolute #1 choice for a night out.
We have been several times and have never had a bad experience. The lobster mac n cheese is by far the best we have ever had. Service is great and portions are big def can order and share. We look forward to our next experience.
We chose Capital Grille to celebrate a family member's birthday. The calamari is reminiscent of dishes we've had in the NE, spicy with peppers and delicious. The steaks were superb and the fish dishes were wonderful. A bit on the pricey side, with sides being a la carte, this is a special occasion restaurant for the average diner. The wine list is extensive, maybe even a bit overwhelming (besides the list inside the menu there is also a captain's list). The birthday dessert plate was delightful....they brought 6 spoons and we passed it around the table. If you're looking for a special occasion restaurant, you should definitely give this a try.
We enjoyed a very nice Thanksgiving dinner. Steve's service was noteworthy.
Thanksgiving at the Capital Grill was awesome...the special turkey dinner was so delicious.....and our server, Rob, was wonderful as usual. We are indeed thankful for the Capital Grill and for their terrific new chef, Derek.
We love Capital Grille! The service is always outstanding. This is the best dining out Thanksgiving we've had so far
Our reservation was honored on time. The food was outstanding and perhaps the best service we have received in years!
Service was above and beyond. Had a toddler with us and even she was treated as an adult, in the best way. Ask for Leighton's section. You won't regret it.
I've eaten at other Capital Grilles in Boston, and Houston. They have always been very consistent and very high quality, and our trip there for Thanksgiving didn't disappoint!
We dine out, every thanksgiving, because it's just the two of us. We try a different restaurant every year for this occasion. But I think we found the one that we will be staying with for the next few years. CAPITAL GRILLE was an awesome experience and everyone, that enjoys fine/eloquent dining, should experience.
We chose to dine out for Thanksgiving while spending it away from home, and were not disappointed whatsoever with our experience at Capital Grille. The service was exemplary, the bar scene was lively and energetic, and our Thanksgiving dinner was delicious from start to finish. And their wine list....WOW! What an amazing selection! We loved our evening at the Caplital Grille and will be back again.
This is an outstanding fine dining experience with an ambience honoring deceased notables from Fort Worth including Ginger Rogers, Ben Hogan, etc. The menu choices are excellent; the table service was appropriate (non-intrusive), but attentive. The seating arrangement provided comfortable accommodation for patrons from fine dress to dress jeans. The restaurant is situated in immediate proximity to the Fort Worth Convention Center and Hotels, and shares the block with the two other outstanding Fort Worth restaurants (steak houses). We were there on Thanksgiving, so the we had their special Thanksgiving menu...and it WAS SPECIAL. But the regular menu will draw us back soon.
We made reservations early ... 11:30.... because we had a 14 month old and didn't want to disturb the evening crowd with a child. As it turns out, there was never a cry from my granddaughter and there were only a few tables filled so it was a very peaceful lunch. Service was absolutely perfect. This place was surprisingly kid friendly and much attention was spent on my granddaughter. I have been to Capital Grille many times for business meetings and the food was as it always is....very very good and the service has always lived up to my expectations....attentive and perfect. Ryan, our waiter gave us recommendations on both food and wine, which I took and was not disappointed. I always have the French onion soup....it is superb.
Right from the time we entered through out dinner service and attention to our dinning experience was excellent. We were not pushed or left unattended. They offered a number of specials for the evening which were great as well as a very good gluten free menue. Lobster Bisk was excellent as well as the rest of the selections. If any there were any negative comments, some potion sizes were too large... We have been to Capital Grill in Plano, Dallas and now Ft Worth.. So far Ft Worth was the best all around experience and one we will frequent again next time in Ft. Worth.
Me and my husband went for our anniversary dinner last weekend and were blown away. Both the food and service were outstanding. I had mentioned on my Open Table reservation that it was our anniversary and much to our delight there was heart confetti sprinkled elegantly on our table. Then our waiter Bill, who was so kind and attentive, brought out a complimentary champagne toast and a bite size tasting of lobster. If the fabulous meal and great service weren't enough, at the end of our dinner Bill brought out a complimentary dessert tasting platter and on it was written in chocolate "Happy Anniversary". I highly recommend Capital Grille for it's staff, food and beautiful atmosphere. Can't wait to go back!
This was our first time dining at the Capital Grille and it was so much more than we could have expected!! From the time we drove up to the valet stand to the time we left, it was the most pleasant and relaxing experience. Everyone was attentive, but did not intrude. The food was excellent; the fillet of beef so tender and cooked just as ordered. The lobster was tender and succulent. The clam chowder delicious and very full of clams and potatoes. However, the lobster mac n cheese was simply out of this world! And the espresso chocolate cake was sinfully good! Great dining experience and we can hardly wait to go back again! Better than the other steakhouses in the surrounding area!
The Capital Grille exceeded all of our expectations! From our arrival with Valet service, greeting us by name and wishing us a "Happy Anniversary" by the Proprietor, a beautiful spread of glitter hearts on our table to the complementary drinks and Desert with "Happy Anniversary" written in yummy chocolate, they get 10 stars on a five star scale!! Lety our server was excellent, fun and provided us with a photo of our memorable night at the conclusion of the evening. (ask for her) The meal itself was the best we have ever had in Ft Worth, steak was melt in your mouth perfection, lobster was unbelievable and DO NOT MISS the lobster mac n' cheese it is... well you just have to taste it for yourself!! We will return, I hope soon!!!


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Shannon Richardson told investigators that she had found small, brown beans with white speckles -- a description matching the key ingredient in ricin, castor beans -- at the couple's home in New Boston. She also told investigators that she had found a sticky note on her husband's desk with addresses for Bloomberg and Obama, the FBI affidavit said.
BELTON - A 30-year-old man was placed in the Bell County Jail after authorities say he confessed to sexually assaulting a child as a result of a polygraph test.
NC woman admits to breaking her child's leg during pretest interview. See http://www.wbtv.com/story/23885130/deputies-mother-admits-to-twisting-ch...
Ryker Hill, 23, of Martins Ferry, was sentenced to four years and six months in prison and must register as a sex offender.
Read More at: http://www.wtov9.com/news/features/top-stories/stories/man-sentenced-sex-crimes-1871.shtml?wap=0
A New York man has confessed to killing his infant son. The confession came after failing a polygraph exam.


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Item: 102757 Model: HEWCM996A
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recipe reviews for:
"A perfect medley of flavors! The sweetness of the apples and brown sugar are a perfect complement to succulent pork chops."
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Cooking Level: Intermediate
Get the season's best recipes for holiday feasting.
Holiday cookies, cakes, pies, and breads. Get recipes and inspiration.
Get time-saving recipes to save your busy life.
Learn how to make delicious pork chops with sweet potatoes and sauteed apples.
Baked pork chops in a zippy, accidentally delicious sauce.
See how to make seasoned pork chops baked in a savory mushroom sauce.


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Genealogy has become a favorite pastime of many curious about their family history. Whether you are just starting to track your family tree or are trying to locate those last few pieces we can help! Below are some helpful resources for you on your journey to chronicle your family tree. Click on the title for the resource you want to access.
The best collection of family history how-to and genealogy learning materials on the Internet from ancestry.com. This website is only available from within the library. So come use one of our computers or bring your laptop and check out this website.
The Web's largest directory of links to online census transcriptions.
Your genealogical research portal onto the Internet, complete with a categorized & cross-referenced index to genealogical resources on the Internet.
Search passenger lists, find photos of immigrants, and learn about the immigration experience.
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Search records and contribute your own family history
Utilize free genealogy Web sites for genealogical research in every county and every state of the United States. Organization is by county and state, and this Web site provides you with links to all the state genealogy Web sites which, in turn, provide gateways to the counties. This collection is invaluable for any genealogy researcher.
Operated by the National Archives in Washington, D.C., this site has records of the census, military, immigration and naturalization, among others.
DNA testing links you with relatives; plus, it can uncover health risks hidden in your genes.
See the data from the 1940 census
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There are well over one thousand different memorial sites worldwide honoring America's overseas wartime service. In most cases, neither the United States government nor local governments have the responsibility or the resources to document and maintain these sites. American War Memorials Overseas documents, promotes, and preserves these precious, non-government supported sites of America's overseas wartime legacy.
Find a Grave's mission is to find, record, and present final disposition information from around the world as a virtual cemetery experience. Join is free!


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Pheochromocytomas (pronounced fee-oh-kroh-moh-sigh-TOH-muh; often abbreviated as pheo,) and paragangliomas (pronounced pair-uh-gang-lee-OH-muh; often abbreviated as para,) are rare types of tumors. Pheochromocytomas form in the adrenal glands, while closely related paragangliomas originate from cells of neuronal origin, which can be located throughout the neck, chest, abdomen, or pelvis. These tumors can produce hormones that control normal body stress reaction and other functions, including heart rate and blood pressure. The NICHD supports and conducts research on pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma to understand the causes of the disease, improve the detection methods, and develop effective therapies.
On this webpage, the term pheochromocytoma also refers to paraganglioma unless otherwise specified.
For more information about this topic, select the Condition Information, Research Information, Clinical Trials, or Resources and Publications link in the menu on the left.
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2/2/2013 9:00 am - 12:00 pm
Sponsored by: Society of Women Engineers - Campus Group
Who should attend: Juniors, Cadettes & Juliettes of appropriate program levels.
The earth has many sources of energy. From renewable sources like the sun and the wind…to non-renewable ones like coal and oil. In the Oil Spill program girls will create their own model of an ocean, river, or lake and allow an oil spill to occur. They will investigate many different materials and attempt to contain and clean up the spill. In the end they will have first hand thoughts about oil and the environment around them.
Program questions contact:Dana Young email@example.com or 502-413-2851Registration questions contact:Cassandra Niece 502-413-2853 or email@example.com
Louisville/Metro Program and Learning Center2115 Lexington RoadLouisville, KY 40206
Get Driving Directions