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Places Discussed (Cyclopedia of Literary Places)
Skotoprigonyevsk (sko-to-prihg-ON-ih-ehfsk). Russian town in which the Karamazovs' home is located and the location of the worst debauchery commonly blamed on Fyodor Karamazov—the rape of the mentally disabled Lizavita. Dostoevski's narrator withholds the name of the town until almost the very end of the novel, at the beginning of the trial of Dmitri Karamazov. Otherwise, the narrator refers to it only as "the town" or "our town." The name Skotoprigonyevsk is most likely derived from the Russian word skotoprigony, meaning a stockyard. It is a generic Russian rural town of the time, located somewhere in the broadleaf-forest belt that is the heart of old Russia. For the people of Skotoprigonyevsk, the bright lights and Western fashions of the capital in St. Petersburg are almost unimaginably distant, talked about but never seen.
Karamazov home
Karamazov home. Dwelling of Fyodor Pavlovich Karamazov, patriarch of the Karamazov family. As befits a wealthy landowner, it is a spacious house, tended by a faithful servant and his wife. However, it is also in notable disrepair, with crumbling wallpaper. These signs of decay reflect the moral dissolution of the elder Karamazov and are likely a deliberate touch of Dostoevski's art. Although the house is the family home, it is not a place where Karamazov's sons find nurturing or comfort. All three of his legitimate sons are fostered by...
(The entire section is 466 words.)
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Historical Context
The Romanovs
In 1689 Peter the Great assumed the throne in Russia. His attempts to modernize Russia were not entirely successful, but he did manage many reforms before his death in 1725. Another reform-minded leader, Catherine the Great, resumed the task of modernization in 1762.
From 1801 to 1825, Alexander I continued in the path of Peter and Catherine. He granted amnesty to political prisoners and repealed many restrictive laws. Under Alexander's reign, Russia increased in size and power. When Napoleon marched on Moscow in 1812, he found the city burned to the ground and, with no supplies and winter setting in, he retreated. The Russian army routed Napoleon's troops using guerrilla tactics.
In 1826 Nicholas I adamantly opposed liberal ideas and Western thought. He instituted secret police, strict censorship, and the removal of all controversial materials from educational institutions. Writers were arrested, university chairs in history and philosophy abolished, and student bodies reduced. Meanwhile, he reformed the economy and compiled the first set of Russian laws since 1649. In 1854 the Russian military forces were defeated by an international army of Turkish, British, French and Sardinian troops in the Crimean War (1854-1856)....
(The entire section is 644 words.)
Literary Style
Like many other novels of the nineteenth century, The Brothers Karamazov is composed of a diverse array of narrative techniques. These techniques include tales, anecdotes, confessions, digressions, a novella, and a trial transcript. None of these elements can be isolated from the novel without making it incomplete.
The narrator seems omniscient, yet allows various parts of the story to be told by others without clarification. As a result, there are approximately eleven versions of Fyodor's murder.
The multiplicity of voices and layers drive home the themes of the novel through repetition and mirroring. The novel works on thesis and antithesis. Zossima, and his echo Alyosha, counter Ivan's thesis. Fyodor and Miusov foreshadow Ivan's thoughts. Dmitri repeats a portion of Ivan's speech. Ilusha and his friends are mirrors of and responses to Ivan's "rebellion." Kolya's goose is a mirror of Ivan and Smerdyakov.
There is allegorical significance in virtually every aspect and feature composing the fabric of The Brothers Karamazov. Dmitri's shame hangs about his neck like an albatross. His redemption is in the form of a small icon that Madame Hohlakov gives to him.
Animals and insects are employed not only to describe character traits, but also as harbingers. For example, cockroaches in the wall emphasize Ivan's horror.
Another symbolic...
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Literary Techniques
As usual, Dostoevsky lays out the plot, a complex one, in a fairly orderly fashion. The author apologizes for the family history that he provides at the opening, but this information about the background of the Karamazov family is essential for an understanding of the events that follow. The text is broken up into small sections, little chapters within twelve "books" and the Epilogue. Each book is tided with an appropriate phrase or word that identifies the subject (e.g. "Alyosha" and "The Russian Monk"); then, the chapters are also helpfully labeled: for instance, "He gets rid of his eldest son," "A lady of little faith," and "The Grand Inquisitor."
Biographer Mochulsky speaks of the novel in terms of "the harmony of its architectonics," and goes on to show how all the threads of the plot and the relationships of the characters are cleverly intermingled. Almost all of the central characters have some association with, or at least some knowledge of, each of the other characters. While they often operate at cross purposes, the force of the conflicts (Dmitri and Fyodor, Katerina and Grushenka, Ivan and himself) advances the plot inexorably.
The setting is confined to the provincial town; and, the voice of the narrator, heard only occasionally, provides a unifying impression to the text. The first person voice is employed sparingly, mosdy at the beginning of the story; and, it provides a somewhat "folksy" tone that both prepares for the dire...
(The entire section is 408 words.)
Ideas for Group Discussions
A fruitful exercise might be a comparison of this novel with the preceding ones, with an eye to the "progress" that the author made in developing his themes and characters. An obvious example would be to discover whether Alyosha is indeed an "advance" in characterization over Prince Myshkin. Also, one could attempt to determine whether Ivan mirrors Stavrogin and whether the former is a more believably tormented personality than the latter. Since there is a great deal of violent behavior in the text; it might be well to investigate psychological studies of deviant behavior, in order to see if Dostoevsky is as astute a student of such activity as has been claimed for him (e.g., is Dmitri's "mixed" nature true to the "rules" of personality theory in psychology?). Lastly, one might examine the passages of dialogue to judge whether Dostoevsky has created a distinctive pattern of speech for each major character, as he has been praised for doing in earlier works.
1. Russian novels are famous for the enormous numbers of characters, with very long and complicated names. While War and Peace (1865-1869) may be the most challenging in this regard, The Brothers Karamazov, not containing the 500 persons found in the Tolstoy work, still has more than forty characters. Are they all necessary? Are there any that could be dispensed with, without harm to the integrity of the plot or the themes?
2. Further, are all the plot incidents needed? For...
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Social Concerns
The principal social aspect of The Brothers Karamazov is the integrity of the family. As the tide suggests, there is great emphasis on the three brothers, their relationships with one another and with their father, and on the matter of crime in a family—in a way, a family is a model of society as a whole; and, if the family loses its integrity, so will society suffer dislocation. This is just what happens in The Brothers Karamazov.
Dostoevsky had always possessed an intense interest in children and family life. For this novel, which took three years in the writing, he did considerable research, including queries of lawyers about various features of the criminal code (he disapproved of the new jury system, which had recently been introduced into Russia), studies of trials (with attendance at those of persons accused of child abuse), and reading about criminal cases, such as a notorious one in Omsk, which is said to be the initial source of the main plot action.
In The Brothers Karamazov, Dostoevsky, more than anywhere else in his writings, connects the relationships between fathers and children to those between God and Man. Thus, a crime by either "side" in a family quarrel mirrored the problems that many people have in their connection with God—indeed, Dostoevsky believed that all of society, especially that in Russia, needs the order and veneration of God (and of family integrity) that is provided by the Church. Of...
(The entire section is 689 words.)
Compare and Contrast
Late 1800s: The forefather of Russian communism and Marxist philosopher, Georgy Plekhanov, fled to Western Europe in 1880.
Today: Russia is developing democratic institutions based on the American model.
Late 1800s: There was a great famine in the agricultural regions of Russia from 1891-1892.
Today: Agricultural problems are still frequent in Russia due to poor infrastructure, inadequate resources for private farms, and a lack of credit sufficient to finance farming.
Late 1800s: The United States experienced an industrial revolution that would catapult it to the fore of manufacturing by the twentieth century.
Today: The United States is in the midst of an information revolution that has created significant economic benefits. These innovations have changed the way people communicate and do business in the twenty-first century.
(The entire section is 124 words.)
Topics for Further Study
Dostoyevsky had a profound impact on many twentieth-century authors like Albert Camus Richard Wright and Franz Kafka. Select a novel by one of these authors and write an essay tracing Dostoyevsky's influence.
There are many references throughout the novel to religious lore. Pick a few of them and research the full stories. How do these references impact the story? Are they relevant to modern American readers, or are these stories ignored?
Define the concept of the ideal Russian woman. Compare Grushenka and Katerina in terms of this concept.
Dmitri reluctantly considers escaping to America. What does America represent in this context? Has the impression of America changed?
How does the story of Ilusha's lost dog reflect the concerns of the novel as a whole?
(The entire section is 124 words.)
Literary Precedents
As critic Vyacheslav Ivanov has indicated, there is a Faustian quality to the mythic features of The Possessed (1871- 1872; see separate entry). The same might be said of The Brothers Karamazov, in which Ivan, most notably, "sells" his soul to the devil (the scenes where he is confronted by the demon are close to myth in their effect) and yet gains only unhappiness— one could say that this intellectual young man is "cursed" by his own personal devil. Moreover, Dmitri, in a manner, also suffers from a kind of bargain with grim fate. While he is eager, to recite Schiller's "Hymn to Joy," and falls to weeping with deep sentiment afterward, this troubled spirit occasionally hates himself for his rough ways, his excesses, his passions, and his general immorality. He, too, is somewhat "cursed" because of his "deal" with the devilish impulses in his personality—he pays the dear price at the close of the novel, but by this time he is willing to do so.
The general subject of antipathy between fathers and sons is an old tradition, going back to Oedipus the King (Sophocles, c. 429 B.C.); but, the most nearly connected, so far as nationality and social relevance go, is Turgenev's Fathers and Sons (1862), in which the political and moral differences between parent and child adumbrate, in a much milder way, the familial conflicts in The Brothers Karamazov.
(The entire section is 231 words.)
Nearly all of Dostoevsky's titles can be viewed as related to the others. In the case of this novel, however, perhaps the most closely related items are The Double (1846; a number of characters in The Brothers Karamazov are seen as rather dual personalities, especially Ivan), Notes from the Underground (1864; Dmitri's fixation on freedom of will and behavior, even to the point of loss of self-interest), and The Idiot (1868-1869, in which Prince Myshkin seems a more simplified preparatory character for the more realistic Alyosha). The themes that interested Dostoevsky, and sometimes bedeviled him, from the start of his career can be found in the course of his writings: inner conflict, the search for faith, belief in the Russian people, concern over crime and criminals, and so forth. The corpus of Dostoevsky's fiction is thus all of a piece, thematically, yet rife with differences of outlook and attitude and belief.
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Apart from the Moscow Art Theatre production of The Brothers Karamazov, there was a French version done by J. Copeau in 1911 and an Italian treatment by C. Alvaro.
On film, the principal work is the 1958 MGM movie version. It was written and directed by Richard Brooks and starred Yul Brynner as Dmitri, Maria Schell in a brilliant performance as Grushenka (Marilyn Monroe had been considered for the part), Richard Basehart as Ivan, Lee J. Cobb as Fyodor, Claire Bloom as Katerina Ivanovna, a very young William Shatner as Alyosha, and Albert Salmi as Smerdyakov. The production was long, expensive, and fairly close to the novel (insofar as such was possible for a work so extensive and complex)—it was generally praised for the breadth of its "coverage" and the fidelity to the spirit of the novel.
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Media Adaptations
The Brothers Karamazov was made into a silent film in 1918 by Dmitri Buchowetzki and Carl Froelich in Germany. Irmgard Bern and Fritz Kortner were in the cast.
The second German adaptation of The Brothers Karamazov was directed and scripted by Erich Engels. The 1931 film starred Fritz Kortner (again) as Dmitri and Bernhard Minetti as Ivan.
William Shatner made his film debut in the 1958 English production of The Brothers Karamazov. Adapted by Julius J. Epstein and directed by Richard Brooks, the film also starred Yul Brynner and Maria Schell.
A Russian production of the novel was made in 1968. Ivan Pyryev wrote the adaptation. Kirill Lavrov and Mikhail Ulyanov directed the film. Ulyanov and Lavrov also starred in the film, which was nominated for a best foreign film Oscar in 1970.
(The entire section is 128 words.)
What Do I Read Next?
Notes from the Underground (1864) marks a turning point in Dostoyevsky's thought. It was written in reaction to Nikolay Chernyshevsky's utopian novel, What Is To Be Done ? Here, Dostoyevsky outlines the moral universe that he will explore in the rest of his writings.
Dostoyevsky's Crime and Punishment was published in 1866. This crime novel chronicles the moral struggles of an impoverished student, Raskolnikov, who kills his landlady for money. This novel is considered a masterpiece.
Published in installments between 1875 and 1877, Leo Tolstoy's Anna Karenina tells the story of a tragic love affair in late nineteenth-century Russia.
In Russia, a landowner must pay a soul tax on his serfs—though they are dead—until the next census. Such absurdities inspired Nikolay Gogol's 1842 masterpiece, Dead Souls. Gogol's satire about an enterprising young man who is trying to buy social mobility through prospecting on such dead souls gave Russian literature garnered critical and commercial popularity.
Ivan Turgeniev's Fathers and Sons (1862) explores the generation gap. The protagonist is a young intellectual nihilist who believes only in the laws of natural science; much to his chagrin, he falls prey to emotions such as love and unhappiness.
(The entire section is 189 words.)
Bibliography (Cyclopedia of Literary Characters, Revised Third Edition)
Sources for Further Study
Belknap, Robert L. The Genesis of "The Brothers Karamazov": The Aesthetics, Ideology, and Psychology of Text Making. Evanston, Ill.: Northwestern University Press, 1990. Considers the reading and experiences of Dostoevski that appear in the novel. A study of the mind behind the book.
Bloom, Harold, ed. Fyodor Dostoevsky's "The Brothers Karamazov." New York: Chelsea House, 1988. Selection of critical interpretations of the text. Essays printed in chronological sequence from 1971 to 1977. Includes an extended chronology of Dostoevski.
Frank, Joseph. Dostoevsky: The Mantle of the Prophet, 1871-1881. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 2002. This authoritative critical biography provides detailed information on the intellectual and literary context of the novel's creation as well as a close reading of its main themes.
Leatherbarrow, William J. Fyodor Dostoyevsky—The Brothers Karamazov. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, 1992. Provides background for understanding, including historical, intellectual, and cultural influences. Discusses the major themes of the novel.
Scanlan, James P. Dostoevsky the Thinker. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 2002. Scanlan places Dostoevski's views on...
(The entire section is 255 words.)
Bibliography and Further Reading
Mikhail Bakhtin, "Toward a Reworking of the Dostoyevsky Book," in Problems of Dostoyevsky's Poetics, translated and edited by Caryl Emerson, University of Minnesota Press, 1984, pp. 283-302.
Albert Camus, in The Myth of Sisyphus Vintage, 1991, pp. 93-118.
Sigmund Freud, in Dostoyevsky and Parricide, translated by D. F. Tait, Basic Books, 1959, pp. 222-42.
Prince Kropotkin, "Gontcharoff; Dostoyevsky; Nekrasoff," in Russian Literature, McClure, Phillips & Co., 1905, pp. 151-90.
Hans Kung, "Religion in the Controversy over the End of Religion," in Literature and Religion: Pascal, Gryphius, Lessing, Holderlin, Novalis, Kierkegaard, Dostoyevsky, Kafka, edited by Walter Jans and Hans Kung, translated by Peter Heinegg, Paragon House, 1991, pp. 223-42.
Ralph E. Matlaw, in The Brothers Karamazov: Novelistic Technique, Mouton & Co., 1957, pp. 20-33.
J. Middleton Murray, in Fyodor Dostoyevsky: A Critical Study, Russell & Russell, 1966.
Richard Peace, in Dostoyevsky: An Examination of the Major Novels, Cambridge University Press, 1971.
The Spectator, Vol. 109, No. 4396, September 28, 1912, pp. 451-52.
The Temple Bar, Vol. 91, February, 1891, pp. 243-49.
Victor Terras, in A Karamazov Companion: Commentary on the Genesis,...
(The entire section is 323 words.)
Source: Beacham's Encyclopedia of Popular Fiction, ©2001 Gale Cengage. All Rights Reserved. Full copyright.
Source: Novels for Students, ©2013 Gale Cengage. All Rights Reserved. Full copyright.
Source: Cyclopedia of Literary Places, ©2003 Salem Press, Inc.. All Rights Reserved.
Source: Cyclopedia of Literary Characters, Revised Third Edition, ©1998 Salem Press, Inc.. All Rights Reserved.


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Antarctica Pictures | Antarctica Cruise | Facts | History | Cold Weather Boots | Store | Clothes | Whales | Books | Video | Schools | Site Map | FIDS / OAE's |
Zodiac Driver?
Right this may be the wrong place to be looking but i'm really interesting in coming to Antarctica for part of my GAP year and this seems like a good place to start my search for a way of getting there! I'm taking my full Powerboat licence soon so would be a fully qualified Zodiac driver, is there any way of finding jobs on a expedition boat somehow??? Gebs |
Re: Zodiac Driver?
Hi Gebs and welcome to the board.
The majority of us who post here have been to Antarctica as a part of a national research programme and not as crew on a tourist boat. There may be someone who can help, but not so likely here. My guess is that driving a boat is just one a range of skills that you would need for such a job on a tourist boat. You should contact the tour comapnies directly, or search for their recruitment information on the web. |
Re: Zodiac Driver?
Hi there, thanks for the quick reply, right well I think that helps a lot, I"ve contacted Zegrham Expeditions and now am waiting for a reply. How would a student be able to visit Antarctica? It sounds like a fasinating place so I must try and visit it!
Toby |
As Paul said, most of us have been to Antarctica (or in my case, am in Antarctica) with government programs. These programs generally prefer to use their own nationals, but that is not firm.
There are a number of jobs down here that don't require too much specialist training, and your familiarity with motorboats may be a selling point even if it would not be your primary job. Also, the people who come down here are typically either young (haven't started a family yet) or old (retired from their regular jobs), with a few middle-aged tradesmen like myself - so your youth is not necessarily a problem, as long as you are at least 18. However, summer season is coming soon, and it is rather late to be applying now - but not quite hopeless. Typically, you will want to apply for these jobs by April, or May at latest. Occasionally they have trouble finding the people they need and recruit them later, but these are usually professionals or people who have already been down. Do you mind telling us your nationality? |
Re: Zodiac Driver?
I'm British but I don't know if or how that would help me get some work, is there such thing as short term employment in Antarctica?
The time that I would be looking for would be next year, correct me if I'm wrong that the summer season runs from the opposite to the British Summer? And yes I will be over 18 as well, I know of the UK base on an island of the pennisula where some cruise ships stop off, and have though about it but I can't see myself staying on a minute island for six months with six people in one room! What does everyone do out there? Regards, Toby |
If you are British, your best bet is probably with the British program, which Paul and Drummy doubtless know more about than I do.
That said, because Britain has maintained close ties with New Zealand, Australia, Canada and South Africa, that may open up other opportunities for you as well. I know that New Zealand, Australia, and South Africa have stations in Antarctica. I don't know of any Canadian program, but Kenn Borek Air, which operates out of Calgary, Alberta, provides services to both the U.S. Antarctic Program and some private groups. I expect that these national programs and the Canadian company favor their own respective nationals, so non-specialized jobs may be difficult to get with them. However, skilled slots are sometimes difficult to fill, and if you have a skill that one of these countries needs that may greatly increase your chances. I do know that New Zealand's Scott Base has personnel from England, Scotland, Australia, and Canada at present, and due to the U.S. program's close relationship with New Zealand there are almost as many Kiwis at McMurdo Station this year as there are at Scott Base, as well as several Canadians. Besides that, I know the U.S. program has hired or hosted personnel from Zimbabwe, Japan, Sweden, the Netherlands, and France. In any case, you have a number of options, and the more skills you have the more options you have. Your skills with boats may be quite useful at one of the many stations on the Peninsula (which includes the USAP's Palmer Station). If you are really interested, make your interest known to prospective employers early and often. There are lots of people who apply on a whim, not so many who are really serious and will follow through. You are correct that seasons here are opposite from those in Britain. There may still be a slim chance of getting a job for this coming summer season (roughly October to February once you get further south), but it is late enough that you will probably be looking at the 2010-2011 season. Stations on the Peninsula may have different schedules, as personnel can get in and out year round. Most jobs are seasonal, and mostly summer season, but expect to put in long hours while you are here. If you are concerned about the size of the station, consider that there are stations of many sizes - from those with 4 or 6 people to McMurdo Station which peaks at over 1200 during its 5 month summer season. If you think you would have difficulty at a small station, you probably will - so find someplace a little larger, or with a shorter season. Best of luck. |
Re: Zodiac Driver?
Given your age, experience and how long you'd like to spend in Antarctica I think your best bet is maybe as crew on one of the supply ships.
Boat driving is a skill that several people on any base with boats would be expected to have. As well as a boat man, there may be marine scientists, the base commander, diving officer who could also be able to drive a boat along with others maybe who have an interest in learning. So in itself this is very unlikely to help you find a job on an Antarctic base. However as a general crew member, it may be an additional skill that is useful to you. I'm not sure about the regulations or qualifications required, you would have to Google that and research it further. |
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Burbank is refreshingly sleepy in comparison to its southern neighbor, Los Angeles. That's the reason LA locals and visitors who prefer to stay out of Los Angeles' hustle and bustle find Burbank a divine option. There's shopping, at Burbank Town Center, great golf at DeBell Golf Course, and a number of unique museums and attractions, including The Gordon Howard Museum, Burbank Aviation Museum, and Pickwick Gardens.
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Medieval MythsOffering nine brilliant readings of the great myths of the world, from Beowulf to The Cid, this is the first collection to compare national heroes at a time when their cultures were emerging from barbarism into civilization, demonstrating how their reverberations have deeply affected the ideals of the nations from which they came. |
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Review: The Medieval Myths
User Review - GoodreadsWhile not typical readable or captivating, very good way to gain understanding of myths & legends that have given rise to the stories we tell today. And a good way to visualize the way things must have been.
Review: The Medieval Myths
User Review - GoodreadsI read this book back in college (30 years ago in its sixth printing) and just finished it again. Ok, the myths are what they are and that is fine. They all generally suffer from translational issues ...
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Alfonso of Castile Aliste Alvar Fanez answered Archbishop Turpins armor arms Arthur asked Babieca battle beautiful Beowulf Berta Blancheflor blood body Breca Brunhilde called Campeador Carlemagne Carles castle chariot Chriemhilde Cid's combat Count court cried Cuchulain Dagda dark daughters death deeds Dona Sol earl earth Emain Macha eyes feet Ferdiad Fergus fight forest France Franks French Geats girl gold golden Grendel Guenes Gunther Gwalchmei Hagen hall hand head heard heart helmet hero honor horses host Hrothgar hundred Hygelac Infantes of Carrion Ireland killed knew knight lady lance land live lord maiden manuscript Margiste Moors never noble Oliviers pagan palace Pepin Peredur Pinabel poet Polovcian Prince Igor Princess Queen Medb Quman replied ride rode Roland Rollanz saddle Saint shield Sifrit stood story Sualtam sword tell told Unferth Valencia vassal warriors weep Wiglaf words


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Velvet by Graham & Spencer
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Velvet designers Jenny Graham and Toni Spencer expertly fuse soft, sumptuous fabrics with modern feminine fits, resulting in a timeless contemporary collection that women covet each season. From your treasured weekend tee to your cozy cashmere cover-up, Velvet is a chic staple for your everyday life.
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Maura McEnaney on Willard Garvey at Wichita Rotary Club Recorded: Monday, October 28, 2013
Maura McEnaney, author of Willard Garvey: An Epic Life, speaks before the Rotary Club of Wichita on October 28, 2013, about her new book published by The Independent Institute's LibertyTree Press.
Experts: Maura McEnaneyType: TelevisionIssues: Business, Culture/ Society, Economic Policy, Entertainment, Family, Government Waste/Pork, Housing, Privatization, Trade
Robert Higgs Discusses Independence Day on the Scott Horton Radio Show Recorded: Thursday, July 4, 2013
Senior Research Fellow Robert Higgs talks with Scott Horton about his classic The Transformation of the American Economy 1865-1914; the July 4th celebration of statism and American mythology. Check out some of Robert Higgs books mentioned on the program.
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CPAC Interview: Ivan Eland Talks Recarving Rushmore Recorded: Thursday, March 14, 2013 Video streaming by Ustream
Senior Fellow Ivan Eland interviewed on his book Recarving Rushmore.
Experts: Ivan ElandType: TelevisionIssues: Economic Policy, History (U.S), Politics
Anthony Gregory on Independent Watch: The Bellicosity of a Democrat's Second Term Recorded: Monday, March 4, 2013 – Monday, March 4, 2013
Independent Watch, a new video channel produced by the Independent Institute studio in Oakland, CA, launches with Research Fellow and author, Anthony Gregory! Read Anthony's Huffington Post piece.
Experts: Anthony GregoryType: Independent Institute TVIssues: Defense and Foreign Policy, History (U.S), Politics
John C. Goodman at P.A.U.L. Festival 2012 Recorded: Friday, August 24, 2012
Independent Institute Research Fellow John C. Goodman addresses P.A.U.L. Festival 2012 on The Free-Market Alternative to Obamacare.
Type: TelevisionIssues: Bureaucracy and Government, Economic Policy, Free Market Economics, Government Waste/Pork, Health Care, Politics, Privatization, Public Health/ Consumer Protection, Regulation and Deregulation, Taxes
John Stossel: Why Government FailsBut Free Individuals Succeed Recorded: Thursday, April 19, 2012
Part 1 | Part 2
John Stossel of Fox Business Network speaks about his new book, No, They Cant: Why Government FailsBut Individuals Succeed.
Experts: John StosselType: Independent Institute EventIssues: Culture/ Society, Free Market Economics, Freedom, Government Power, Government Waste/Pork
Ben Powell on Government Consumer Safety Videos & Media Piracy Enforcement Recorded: Wednesday, December 21, 2011
Benjamin Powell engages with Tracy Byrnes on Fox Business Networks Freedom Watch on Government consumer safety videos and the enforcement of media piracy laws.
Experts: Benjamin W. PowellType: TelevisionIssues: Business, Culture/ Society, Entertainment, Government Waste/Pork, Public Health/ Consumer Protection, Regulation and Deregulation
Robert Higgs on The Peter Schiff Radio Show on Economic Intervention Recorded: Thursday, December 15, 2011
Fill-in host Tom Woods on the Peter Schiff Radio Show interviews Senior Fellow Robert Higgs. They discuss the history of government economic interventions during the Great Depression and World War II and how those lessons apply today. Check out some of Robert Higgs books mentioned on the program.
Experts: Robert HiggsType: RadioIssues: Banking and Finance, Economic History and Development (U.S.), Economic Policy, Fiscal Policy/Debt, History (U.S), Labor and Employment, Regulation and Deregulation, Taxes


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January 16, 2012
Chris Clark GamecockCentral.com
OL commitment Joe Harris talks about this weekend's official visit to USC and another planned trip he has to another school. ...More... To continue reading this article you must be a member. Sign Up Now for a FREE Trial
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Q&A: Lenovo's U.S. chief details enterprise strategy, explains PC maker's rapid growth
Lenovo's leader in North America discusses the company's new U.S. manufacturing plant, PC industry consolidation, the BYOD tsunami and more.
By John Gallant
November 2, 2012 06:00 AM ET
Today's Top Stories
- 18 Hot IT Certifications for 2014
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- Slideshow: 10 mistakes companies make after a data breach
- How to rob a bank: A social engineering walk through
- Which smartphone is the most secure?
Additional Resources
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- IT Certification Study Tips
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- The Six Main Steps To Structured Analogy The role of structured analogy software is to automate the data extraction and processing work, provide visualization of the historical context forjudgments and...
- Explore Data with SAS Visual Analytics The role of structured analogy software is to automate the data extraction and processing work, provide visualization of the historical context forjudgments and...
- Managing Technology Before It Manages You: What Manufacturers Must Know Insights from a webcast titled, Information Management: What Manufacturers Must Know. How mobile, social, cloud and big data analytics are changing the future...
- Calculating ROI for PC hardware and Client OS Upgrades Nearly a quarter of all businesses are still using Windows XP, despite two current and effective Windows OS options. Now, with the end-of-support...
- Modernizing SAP environments with minimum risk - a path to Big Data Hear from top IDC analyst, Richard Villars, about the path you can start taking now to enable your organization to get the benefits... All Hardware White Papers | Webcasts


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Date: |
July 3, 2003 |
Code: AD NOAT 03-59 |
To: |
Financial Managers |
From: |
Mr. George V. Ashkar |
Subject: |
Pro Rata Distribution of Income and Expenses for the Dormitory Revenue Fund - Campus Unions |
Transaction Requests (TR) has been prepared to transfer income and expenses from systemwide office records to campus Dormitory Revenue Fund - Campus Union accounts. TR 029201 & 029210 relate to SMIF interest earnings. TR 029202 & 029211 are expenditure transfers. The transfers are for the period January 1 through December 31, 2002. Attachment A reflects allocation orders being processed to cover the expenses. After the expenditure transfers have been posted by the SCO, the allocation balance will remain available for expenses incurred during the remainder of fiscal year 2002/2003. Attachment B provides a campus summary of income and expenses processed through the systemwide account for January 1 through June 30, 2002. Attachment C provides a campus summary of income and expenses processed through the systemwide account for July 1 through December 31, 2002. The listed campuses should record the journal entries noted on attachments (B) & (C). If you have any questions, please contact Mr. Lawrence Gutierrez at (562) 951-4624 or via e-mail at firstname.lastname@example.com. GVA:LG:tp AD NOAT 03-59 Attachment A


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The food is freshly prepared and so tasty by a chef who is passionate about his food, so not only have they done an excellent job with just their beer they have stepped it up to also please their guests who are foodies. Highly recommend over any of the other Columbia brew spots. The Ale House has brought a class act to Columbia and they're here to stay.
Never mind the beer selection (although it is excellent). The reason to go to The Ale House is the food. I have tried something different every time I've been there and everything is delicious. I also like how they recognize issues (like the parking) and do something about it. If you are going at a popular time, make a reservation or you'll be in for a wait. Even that isn't always bad. The sometimes send a over waitress with little appetizers to munch on, like cut up flatbread pizzas, for the guests who are waiting.
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Welcome to the Physics Department at Southern Illinois University at Edwardsville! In Physics we seek to explain how the world works, studying the basic "building blocks" of the universe and the laws which govern their interactions. Physics encompasses not only everyday phenomena such as forces, gravity, electricity, magnetism, heat, and light, but also more "exotic" topics ranging from the structure of the atom to the motions of the planets to the history of the universe.
The SIUE Physics Department offers a full spectrum of courses ranging from courses suitable for non-science majors through upper-level physics courses. The Department offers three undergraduate degree programs, as well as a wide range of courses of general interest for non-majors. Class sizes are small and students have ample opportunity to interact with the faculty and engage in research projects. Research is being actively carried out in various fields of physics, including in particular Optics and Photonics, Computational and Condensed-Matter Physics, and Physics and Astronomy Education. The Department also conducts public astronomical viewing sessions and engages in other outreach activities for the community.
Address: | Department of Physics, Box 1654 Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, IL 62026-1654 |
Office: | Room SL-2331 (Science Building, second floor, office wing see floor plan) |
Phone: | 618-650-2472 |
Fax: | 618-650-3556 |
E-Mail: | firstname.lastname@example.com (Dr. Abdullatif Y. Hamad, Department Chair) |


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I want to use an phototransistor interfaced with microcontroller to detect absence of 118 dc voltage.The problem is how to calculate the right resistor value of the input(LED) circuit as well as output circuit(collector emmiter cct) thanks.
If you use the following circuit you'll get a high output voltage is the 118V is absent. Swap transistor and load resistor if you want a low output voltage. Let's take a look at the CNY17 (though many other optocouplers will do). The CNY17 is available in different CTR (Current Transfer Ratio) classes. CTR tells us how much collector current there will flow in the phototransistor for a given LED current. Let's assume a 5V \$V_{CC}\$, that we draw \$200\mu\$A from the output and that the output voltage for a high level should at least be 4V. Then the maximum value for the load resistor should be Then the collector has to sink 5V/5k\$\Omega\$ = 1mA to drive the output down to 0V. 118V across a resistor is a lot, so let's see if it can handle that. Power = 118V \$\times\$ 1mA = 118mW, so a standard 1/4W PTH resistor is OK. This can also handle the voltage. If you want to use an SMT resistor you'll need at least an 0805. The load resistor determines the current, and we can't use a value higher than 5k\$\Omega\$, otherwise the output voltage level will be too low. If that means that you have to drive the LED with a too high current (for instance in an optocoupler with a low CTR, CTRs much lower than 100% are common), you can use a voltage follower to limit the load current, so that you can use a larger resistor value. | |||||||||||||||||||||
A simpler approach would be using a digital isolator such as the ADuM3210. Use a voltage divider to create a 5V input to side 1 of the isolator when the 118V supply is present. This will be communicated across the isolation barrier as a "1" on the output. When the 118V supply is absent the voltage will drop to 0V and a "0" will be observed on the output. You can power the isolator from a supply derived from the 118V supply if necessary. If the input supply is lost, the outputs will default to "0" by default and maintain the correct sense. You won't have to worry about CTR temperature variation or degradation over time in the optocoupler, and the power consumption will be much lower. You can learn more about digital isolator solutions here: | |||
Rectify line voltage with Diode , Cap and then use zener in series with opto input so voltage range max to zener / input current determines R. Then find worst case CTR ( current transfer ratio) and load threshold voltage. to ensure load current will drive the appropriate logic level. Tolerances are poor though.and consider Zener diodes around 100V or whatever you consider near a drop out. | |||||||||||||||||||||


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Harris Collingwood with father Charles, and sons Charles & TomThree generations of Collingwood men, taken ca. 1919.
EditBasic Full Name: George Harris Collingwood 1 Also known as: Harris 1 Birth: 27 May 1890 1 Fayetteville, Washington, Arkansas 1 male 1 Death: 02 Apr 1958 1 Washington, DC 1
Looking for more information about George Harris Collingwood? Search through millions of records to find out more. Find more records
This page is locked. Want to contribute to this page? Contact historylady Contributors: historylady Created: 11 Sep 2008 Modified: 11 Oct 2013 Page Views: 1,614 total (15 this week)
historylady grandfatherAdded by historylady 18 Mar 2011 Thomas P Collingwood Thomas is George Harris's childson Added by historylady 11 Sep 2008 Charles Collingwood Charles is George Harris's childson Added by historylady 12 Sep 2008 George Collingwood George is George Harris's childfather Added by historylady 12 Sep 2008


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Define: Web site
Web site: A web site is a domain found on the World Wide Web, containing pages made up of HTML or XHTML. These pages are accessed via HTTP on the Internet, and are typically, but not always, available to the public for viewing.
Related Links:
Web Site Optimization


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Survey of Energy Resources 2007
Crude Oil and Natural Gas Liquids Country Notes
Proved recoverable reserves (crude oil and NGLs, million tonnes) |
53 |
Production (crude oil and NGLs, million tonnes, 2005) |
5.3 |
R/P ratio (years) |
9.8 |
Year of first commercial production |
1857 |
Despite being one of Europe's oldest oil producers, Romania still possesses substantial oil resources. The Romanian WEC Member Committee, quoting the National Agency for Mineral Resources, reports that within a proved amount of crude oil in place of 1 947 million tonnes, plus a corresponding figure of 11 million tonnes for NGLs, recoverable reserves are 52.1 million tonnes of crude plus 0.6 million tonnes of NGLs. The estimated additional amounts in place (in million tonnes) are given as approximately 124 and 2, respectively, with recoverable amounts of 62 and 0.4.
The principal region of production has long been the Ploesti area in the Carpathian Basin to the north-west of Bucharest, but a new oil province has come on the scene in recent years with the start-up of production from two offshore fields (West and East Lebada) in the Black Sea. Within the figures of proved recoverable reserves given above, the amounts located in offshore waters are 1.6 million tonnes of crude oil and 0.2 million tonnes of NGLs. In national terms, oil output (including NGLs) has been slowly contracting since around 1995.


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Dear Parent, Teacher or Student,
The following is the "reading test" to see if
a student is ready to start Lower School Curriculum.
We suggest that you watch the video found on this page, as
it offers more information on our reading tests and how they
Please have drawing paper, pencils or crayon or other drawing tools ready. The student will need a globe readily available, and can locate locations on various Internet sites. Explain to the student that "SOM" is short for "The Story Of Mankind", which is the name of a book about history. Ask the student to do EXACTLY what it says to do. Let them know before starting that the drawing assignments are NOT art assignments; we just want the student to show that he/she understands an idea. These can be bad stick figures, so long as the student understands the materials and that can be more or less "seen".
This assignment should take about an hour. If the student can do this in an hour OR SO (give or take, say, 15 minutes), he/she is ready for Lower School.
THESE earliest ancestors of ours who lived in the great European wilderness were rapidly learning many new things. It is safe to say that in due course of time they would have given up the ways of savages and would have developed a civilization of their own. But suddenly there came an end to their isolation. They were discovered. A traveler from an unknown southland who had dared to cross the sea and the high mountain passes had found his way to the wild people of the European continent. He came from Africa. His home was in Egypt.
The valley of the Nile had developed a high stage of civilization thousands of years before the people of the west had dreamed of the possibilities of a fork or a wheel or a house. And we shall therefore leave our great-great-grandfathers in their caves, while we visit the southern and eastern shores of the Mediterranean, where stood the earliest school of the human race.
The Egyptians have taught us many things. They were excellent farmers. They knew all about irrigation. They built temples which were afterwards copied by the Greeks and which served as the earliest models for the churches in which we worship nowadays. They had invented a calendar which proved such a useful instrument for the purpose of measuring time that it has survived with a few changes until today. But most important of all, the Egyptians had learned how to preserve speech for the benefit of future generations. They had invented the art of writing.


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The Reading Placement Testing program is administered by Towson University's Academic Achievement Center. Beginning in March 2013, all admitted freshmen with SAT scores less than 500 in Reading and who also have ACT scores less than 21 in Reading are required to take a diagnostic placement. Transfer students with fewer than 30 credits are also required to demonstrate competence in the basic skills of reading by taking a diagnostic placement test, unless they are exempt from placement testing. Students who do not attain the required minimum placement test score must enroll in a refresher courses to enhance these basic skills.
For information regarding the Mathematics Placement Test, click here
Note to Students Required to take the Placement Test: A hold will be placed on your academic record if you fail to take the placement test prior to your first semester or if you do not complete any of the required courses indicated by your placement test scores by the end of your second semester.
After completing enrollment contracts to University, incoming students will receive notification about taking the ACCUPLACER® placement testing.
Students will receive notification to take the Reading Placement Test based on the SAT, ACT and/or transfer information available to Towson University at that time. Students who choose to complete placement testing on campus must schedule a testing session as soon as possible. The earlier you comply with the testing policy, the more likely it is that you will get the best selection of classes.
Students living more than 2 hours away may complete placement testing near their home at any college willing to administer the Towson University ACCUPLACER® test, or at private Learning Centers that offer proctored testing---such as Sylvan or Huntington. Follow the specific instructions on the remote testing page.
Students whose test score indicates that their reading skills need improvement will be required to complete a refresher course. Students who fail to complete this requirement by the end of their second semester are referred to an administrator for formal consultation, transcript review, and mandatory advising.
Academic Achievement Center - Cook Library, Room 524 Hours: Monday - Friday, 8:00 a.m. - 5 p.m. Phone: 410-704-2291 Fax: 410-704-3216 E-mail: email@example.com
The Placement test in Reading Comprehension is administered by the Academic Achievement Center to students based on their SAT and ACT scores and high school academic records.


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Late-twentieth-century literary, pedagogic, and social movement.
A literary and social ideology that presupposes that all cultural value systems are equally worthy of study, multiculturalism has permeated numerous aspects of American life since the 1960s. Growing out of the civil rights and feminist movements and reflecting America's increasingly pluralistic, multiethnic society, multiculturalist ideals have influenced literature, art, popular culture, media, education, and legal and social policy. In response to greater globalization, and due to the questioning of the entire concept of assimilation, the social model for American society has shifted away from the image of the "melting pot"—according to which minorities gave up their individual identity to integrate fully with general society—and moved towards a model where unique ethnic identities remain intact and contribute to the greater good.
While educational curricula have adjusted to mirror a less Eurocentric worldview and to compensate for the lack of attention paid to non-Western cultures over the past century, critics have begun debating the problems inherent with institutionalizing multiculturalism. For example, some have argued that the pendulum has swung too far, resulting in the unwarranted dismissal or ignoring of scholarship from Caucasian academics as well as multiculturalist-driven syllabi that routinely attack aspects of Western civilization. Other commentators have suggested that the categories of multicultural study have become too rigid and deterministic, defining groups of writers too narrowly and without taking into account individual talent and independence of mind. The very notion of defining population groups primarily by ethnicity continues to be argued, with pundits noting the wealth of inconsistencies and discrepancies inherent in such forms of classification. Certain scholars have additionally observed the repression, or even suppression, of academic dialogue on certain topics—for example, racism and the cultural role of Jews—that have been deemed too inflammatory or problematic within a multicultural context.
Critical discussion of multiculturalism has been augmented by the increased need for international communication and mutual understanding in the modern world. Several of the more extreme varieties of multiculturalism have been softened through academic practice and experience—many literary critics have called for a return to the evaluation of works of literature solely as works of art, rather than as reflections of a particular culture. Others have continued to voice their dissatisfaction with the slow progress of multiculturalism, emphasizing that the changes instituted in education, art, and society remain superficial at best.
Representative Works
John Alberti, editor
Canon in the Classroom: The Pedagogical Implications of Canon Revision in American Literature (criticism) 1995
Rudolfo A. Anaya
Bless Me, Ultima (novel) 1972
Charles Bernheimer
Comparative Literature in the Age of Multiculturalism (criticism) 1995
Hami K. Bhabha
The Location of Culture (criticism) 1994
Neil Bissoondath
Selling Illusions (criticism) 1994
Lil Brannon and Brenda M. Greene
Rethinking American Literature (criticism) 1997
Roger Daniels
Coming to America (criticism) 1990
John Ellis
Literature Lost: Social Agendas and the Corruption of the Humanities (criticism) 1997
Louise Erdrich
The Antelope Wife (novel) 1998
Bruce A. Goebel and James C. Hall, editors
Teaching a "New Canon"?: Students, Teachers, and Texts in the College Literature Classroom (criticism) 1995
Avery F. Gordon
Mapping Multiculturalism (criticism) 1996
Carl Gutiérrez-Jones
Rethinking the Borderlands: Between Chicano and Legal Discourse (criticism) 1995
Hena Maes-Jelinek, Kirsten Holst Petersen, and Anna Rutherford, editors
A Shaping of Connections: Commonwealth Literature Studies—Then and Now (essays and...
(The entire section is 286 words.)
Criticism: Overviews And General Studies
SOURCE: Whitfield, Stephen J. "The Mystique of Multiculturalism." Virginia Quarterly Review 72, no. 3 (summer 1996): 429-45.
[In the following essay, Whitfield traces the evolution of multiculturalism as a field of academic study within the disciplines of history and literature since the 1950s, identifying several theoretical discrepancies and inconsistencies in multicultural scholarship.]
Little more than a century ago, the Atlantic Monthly published a poem entitled "The Unguarded Gates" by Thomas Bailey Aldrich, one of those authors whom a Tammany Hall wit was fond of dismissing as "name-parted-in-the-middle aristocrats":
Wide open and unguarded stand our gates, And through them presses a wild motley throng— Men from the Volga and the Tartar steppes, Featureless figures from the Hoang-Ho, Malayan, Scythian, Teuton, Kelt, and Slav, Flying the Old World's poverty and scorn; These bring with them unknown gods and rites, Those, tiger passions, here to stretch their claws. In street and alley what strange tongues are these, Accents of menace alien to our air, Voices that once the Tower of Babel knew!
Nativism has hardly disappeared, and yet the gates are still unguarded. But the historian can only express astonishment at the alteration of national ethos, as diversity has ceased to be something to be feared and has become something to be celebrated. The...
(The entire section is 5830 words.)
SOURCE: Smoot, Jeanne J. "Multiculturalism, Censorship, and the Postmodern Assault on the Canon: Classical Answers to Contemporary Dilemmas." Comparatist 24 (May 2000): 30-8.
[In the following essay, Smoot examines several of the dominant theories which helped multiculturalism reshape the literary canon in higher education in the United States.]
If we accept the simple premise that what we read influences who we are, then curricular matters in general and the concept of a canon in particular have profound political implications. Almost any dictator seeks to restrict what his subjects read, to control the flow of information, ideas, and philosophies. A free society, then, sustains itself by fostering an expansive and open canon. The idea of a literary canon itself suggests standards, the upholding or at least the respect for excellence in writing, creative expression, and dynamic ideas. The elasticity of this canon insures freedom, the ventilation of opposing ideas, and the development of new ways of thinking. James Madison makes a similar argument in Federalist Paper No. 10 to support, not the idea of an open canon, but democratic government and the need for factions in a free society.
Ironically today the notion of a canon is under attack from the very institution that in the past has been its primary incubator, the academy. Even more ironic, the canon is often under siege in the...
(The entire section is 4617 words.)
SOURCE: Grobman, Laurie. "Toward a Multicultural Pedagogy: Literary and Nonliterary Traditions." MELUS 26, no. 1 (spring 2001): 221-40.
[In the following essay, Grobman explores how multicultural literature has—or has not—been integrated into the teaching of modern literary theory, commenting that, "[w]hen we allow and encourage our students to consider a text in its many literary and nonliterary traditions, we bring students into the debates of multiculturalism."]
Over the last two decades, coincident with the broadening of the literary canon, multicultural scholars have produced a vast amount of critical and pedagogical literature. Despite these advances, though, and despite a broad consensus about the moral and political goals of our work in and out of the classroom—that we have, as Doris Davenport suggests, a "moral imperative" (66) to teach it—we lack a coherent pedagogy. John Alberti accurately asserts that multicultural scholarship has adequately addressed changing the texts we bring to class but inadequately addressed what we do with those texts in the classroom (xi-xii). Our natural inclination leads us to familiar ways of reading and teaching, but most scholars now recognize that conventional methods may not work in a multicultural literature classroom. However, the responses to this...
(The entire section is 6910 words.)
SOURCE: TuSmith, Bonnie. "The Significance of the 'Multi' in 'Multiethnic Literatures of the U.S.'" MELUS 26, no. 2 (summer 2002): 5-14.
[In the following essay, derived from a lecture delivered at the 2001 MELUS Conference, TuSmith challenges teachers to deal directly and frankly with the issue of race and racial identity in teaching multicultural texts.]
"She starts up the stairs to bed. 'Don't get me up with the rest in the morning.' 'But I thought you were having midterms.' 'Oh, those,' she comes back in, kisses me, and says quite lightly, 'in a couple of years when we'll all be atom-dead they won't matter a bit.'" Some of you will no doubt recognize this passage from Tillie Olsen's often-anthologized mother-daughter story, "I Stand Here Ironing." Well, half a century after the publication of the daughter Emily's glum prediction, we're still here. In a way, studying, reading, and writing imaginative literature implicates all of us in Emily's worldview. "Why bother?" outsiders ask us—and at times we ask ourselves. Today, American youth say "AS IF …"—or, "Do I care?"—to render this point. Obviously, some of us—we "suckers" at this conference, for example—do care. And this is the foundation to build on.
As people who believe that literature by ethnic Americans matters, we have the opportunity to...
(The entire section is 3821 words.)
Criticism: The Effects Of Multiculturalism On Global Literature
SOURCE: Rochman, Hazel. "Against Borders." Horn Book Magazine 71, no. 2 (March-April 1995): 144-57.
[In the following essay, Rochman explores how multicultural literature can introduce readers—particularly young adults—to a diverse range of cultures, transcending social, political, and personal barriers.]
If anyone had told me when I was growing up in South Africa that I would be living in Chicago one day and writing about multiculturalism in children's books, I would have thought they were crazy. I thought my place was really off the map; nothing could happen there that would interest the rest of the world. And I thought there was nothing connecting us. My view of Chicago, in fact of all the United States, came from Hollywood musicals and cowboy movies, and from stories about gangsters like Al Capone. Even today, that's how many South Africans imagine things here.
In the same way, many people in the U.S. imagine that South Africa—the whole of Africa—is a steamy jungle with exotic wild animals and primitive natives and Tarzan and a few people on safari. Recently images of suffering, starving babies and massacre, have gotten mixed in with the stereotypes, but it's all a vague picture of dark, primitive Africa.
Who would have thought that Nelson Mandela would one day be the most famous person in the world? Who would have dreamed South Africa would have...
(The entire section is 5102 words.)
SOURCE: Lützeler, Paul Michael. "Multiculturalism in Contemporary German Literature." World Literature Today 168, no. 3 (summer 1995): 452-58.
[In the following excerpt, Lützeler argues that multicultural studies in Germany and Europe have been largely underdeveloped, noting several German authors who have composed works within a multiethnic context.]
A striking feature of today's culture debates is the postmodern criticism of the Modern, of the dire consequences of the Modern, of the frequently catastrophic burden of the legacy of their conceptualization of progress. This criticism, which can also be perceived as self-criticism of the Modern, is expressed in ecological, multicultural, feminist, and postcolonial discourses. The universalistic metanarratives of the Modern—to use Lyotard's terms—are being questioned here. Symptomatic of the postmodern frame of mind is the rejection of models of totality, which became most evident in the implosion of the communist states during the eighties and the early nineties.
If one wants to put a theoretical framework around the international discussion of culture, it is best to start with the theme of identity. According to Joachim Matthes, identity refers to the existence of elementary definitions—shared by a number of people—of truth and constancy as well as the translation of these definitions into regulations governing action and...
(The entire section is 4319 words.)
SOURCE: Wang, Qun. "'Double Consciousness,' Sociological Imagination, and the Asian American Experience." Race, Gender & Class: Asian American Voices 4, no. 3 (1997): 88-94.
[In the following essay, Wang examines the theme of personal identity in several works by Asian American writers, noting that the characters' emotional turmoil often stems from their struggle to harmonize two different social roles.]
The sociological imagination enables its possessor to understand the larger historical scene in terms of its meaning for the inner life and the external career of a variety of individuals. It enables him to take into account how individuals, in the welter of their daily experience, often become falsely conscious of their social positions. Within that welter, the framework of modern society is sought, and within that framework the psychologies of a variety of men and women are formulated. By such means the personal uneasiness of individuals is focused upon explicit troubles and the indifference of publics is transformed into involvement with public issues (C. Wright Mills, 1959).
The term "double consciousness" was first used by African American sociologist and educator W(illiam) E(dward) B(urghardt) Du Bois in his much celebrated book, The Souls of Black Folk (1903). It describes the experience of African Americans who are caught in the clash of two cultures:...
(The entire section is 2594 words.)
SOURCE: Dabydeen, Cyril. "Places We Come From: Voices of Caribbean Canadian Writers (in English) and Multicultural Contexts." World Literature Today 73, no. 2 (spring 1999): 231-37.
[In the following essay, Dabydeen comments on the works of several multiethnic Caribbean Canadian writers, analyzing how their unique cross-cultural perspectives are changing the body of Canadian literature.]
The recent special "Canadian Caribbean Issue" of Descant (Summer 1998) suggests a journey and a maturing of Canadian literature in terms of the latter's flexibility and capacity to be all-embracing, without undermining Canada's identity; moreover, this attitude strengthens the nation's spirit and sense of continuing possibilities in a land which, since its inception, has been formed by immigration and continuing to grow on its "triangular foundation" (John Ralston Saul) of First Nations Peoples and English Canadian and French Canadian heritages. Caribbean links and correspondences with Canada, of course, have been manifold, varied, down through the ages and associated early with the Maroons and with the Atlantic trade and mercantilism. Salted cod from Newfoundland exported to the Caribbean is still special to the palate, for instance. And whenever I contribute material to the three main literary magazines in Canada's Maritime—The Fiddlehead, The Dalhousie...
(The entire section is 5315 words.)
Criticism: Multicultural Themes In Specific Contemporary Works
SOURCE: Clifford, Caroline. "The Music of Multiculturalism in Leïla Sebbar's Le Chinois vert d'Afrique." French Review 68, no. 1 (October 1994): 52-60.
[In the following essay, Clifford discusses the treatment of "les croisés"—characters who belong to more than one culture—as depicted in Leïla Sebbar's Le Chinois vert d'Afrique.]
Set in the present-day France of the increasing cultural tensions between immigrants and French de vieille souche, of the rising popularity of the Front National, and of a perceived need to defend French cultural purity, Leïla Sebbar's novels give a voice to the Beur children and other croisés growing up between the culture of their parents and that of the country in which they live. Sebbar ultimately affirms these children's right not to choose between cultures, but to incorporate distinct cultural particularities within a new composite identity. In Le Chinois vert d'Afrique (1984), she shows the characters with multiple cultural ties as more autonomous, less conscious of or limited by cultural boundaries, and ultimately more interesting than the characters that exist squarely within the French culture. Twelve-year-old Momo, of Vietnamese/Algerian father and Turkish mother, and fifteen-year-old Myra, of Italian mother and Moroccan father, emerge as strong and independent. On the other hand, the two French police officers, Bonnin and...
(The entire section is 4304 words.)
SOURCE: Bowen, Deborah. "Spaces of Translation: Bharati Mukherjee's 'The Management of Grief.'" ARIEL: A Review of International English Literature 28, no. 3 (July 1997): 48-60.
[In the following essay, Bowen evaluates how the protagonist of Bharati Mukherjee's short story "The Management of Grief" functions as a bridge between Indian and Canadian society by employing a new language of hybridity that takes into account universal human emotions.]
The word "translation" comes, etymologically, from the Latin for "bearing across." Having been borne across the world, we are translated men. It is normally supposed that something always gets lost in translation; I cling, obstinately, to the notion that something can also be gained.
Salman Rushdie, Imaginary Homelands
In the final article of the special January 1995 issue of PMLA on "Colonialism and the Postcolonial Condition," Satya Mohanty observes that "vital cross-cultural interchange depends on the belief that we share a 'world' (no matter how partially) with the other culture, a world whose causal relevance is not purely intracultural" (114). There are occasions on which such a shared world is traumatically imposed upon diverse groups of people. If ever there were an occasion for a human compassion that transcends boundaries of race and...
(The entire section is 4897 words.)
SOURCE: Kanoza, Theresa M. "The Golden Carp and Moby Dick: Rudolfo Anaya's Multi-Culturalism." MELUS 24, no. 2 (summer 1999): 159-71.
[In the following essay, Kanoza identifies parallels between Rudolfo Anaya's Bless Me, Ultima and Herman Melville's Moby-Dick, arguing that Anaya's multicultural style embraces Indian myth, biblical references, and echoes from the traditional literary canon.]
In Bless Me, Ultima, Rudolfo Anaya presents a world of opposites in the New Mexican village of Guadalupe. The parents of the young protagonist Antonio have strikingly different temperaments, as dissimilar to each other as the backgrounds from which they hail. Maria Luna Marez, the pious daughter of Catholic farmers from the fertile El Puerto valley, steers her son toward the priesthood and a ministry in an agrarian settlement. Gabriel Marez, Antonio's adventurous father, is descended from a long line of nomadic horsemen; he expects his son to share his wanderlust, and he hopes that as compadres they will explore the vanishing llano (plains). The thrust of Anaya's bildungsroman, however, is not that maturation necessitates exclusionary choices between competing options, but that wisdom and experience allow one to look beyond difference to behold unity.
Historic continuity and spiritual harmony are recurrent strains in much of Anaya's work as he often laments...
(The entire section is 5599 words.)
SOURCE: Little, Jonathan. "Beading the Multicultural World: Louise Erdrich's The Antelope Wife and the Sacred Metaphysic." Contemporary Literature 41, no. 3 (fall 2000): 495-524.
[In the following essay, Little focuses on Louise Erdrich's treatment of culture and personal identity in The Antelope Wife, characterizing Erdrich's depiction of both as fluid and continually evolving.]
In his recent study of multiculturalism, philosophy, and identity, Satya P. Mohanty criticizes the debilitating insularity of identity politics on the one hand and liberalism's universals on the other. Mohanty charts a postpositivist space between these two positions that combines relativism's antifoundational insights about the historical entanglements of knowledge with liberalism's social hope. Attacking traditional empiricism by stressing subjective knowledge, Mohanty claims that objective knowledge "is based on a conception of human inquiry as profoundly historical and socially mediated; no a priori incorrigible epistemological principles are possible. … we do not only 'discover' reality; we 'make' it as well" (193). Therefore, "cultural diversity [should be] based on the claim that 'cultures' are fields of moral inquiry, with room for objective knowledge as well as for error or mystification. Multiculturalism … should be defined as a form of epistemic cooperation across cultures"...
(The entire section is 11876 words.)
SOURCE: Teverson, Andrew S. "Fairy Tale Politics: Free Speech and Multiculturalism in Haroun and the Sea of Stories." Twentieth Century Literature 47, no. 4 (winter 2001): 444-68.
[In the following essay, Teverson explores Salman Rushdie's Haroun and the Sea of Stories as "a complex allegory that emphasizes the importance of exchange between different cultural groupings," comparing it with such works as Arabian Nights, Jonathan Swift's Gulliver's Travels, and Lewis Carroll's Alice in Wonderland.]
Jacobites must speak in children's rhymes, As preachers do in Parables, sometimes.
Pynchon (350)
Late in his life, either in the latter decades of the twelfth century or the first decades of the thirteenth, there is evidence that Farid ud-Din Attar, the Sufi mystic and poet, fell afoul of the Persian authorities and was charged with heresy. He had, according to Edward G. Browne, "aroused the anger and stirred up the persecuting spirit of an orthodox theologian" who denounced him as "a heretic deserving death" and caused his works to be burned, his property to be ransacked, and Attar himself to be sent from his homeland to hide (in Attar's own words) "like a ruby in Badakhstan" (Browne 509).1 As with much of Attar's biography, the exact nature of his offense is obscure, although it is reasonable to assume, on the basis of...
(The entire section is 9088 words.)
Further Reading
Alaimo, Stacy. "Multiculturalism and Epistemic Rupture: The Vanishing Acts of Guillermo Gómez-Peña and Alfredo Véa, Jr." MELUS 25, no. 2 (summer 2000): 164-85.
Alaimo discusses the theories of Gómez-Peña and Véa, Jr. regarding the perspective of the "subject"—or "Anglo consciousness"—toward the object, or "the Other," in multicultural studies.
Carpenter, Carole H. "Enlisting Children's Literature in the Goals of Multiculturalism." Mosaic 29, no. 3 (September 1996): 53-73.
Carpenter explores ways in which children's literature serves to "colonize and politicize" readers and draws parallels to the treatment of "minorities" in multicultural literature.
D'Souza, Dinesh. Illiberal Education: The Politics of Race and Sex on Campus, New York, N.Y.: Vintage Books, 1992, 319 p.
D'Souza presents a detailed examination of the treatment of race, gender, and multiculturalism at several universities in the United States.
Ferraro, Thomas J. Ethnic Passages: Literary Immigrants in Twentieth-Century America, Chicago, Ill.: University of Chicago, 1993, 229 p.
Ferraro focuses on literature by and about twentieth-century immigrants in the U.S., ranging from Mario Puzo's The Godfather to Maxine Hong Kingston's The...
(The entire section is 504 words.)
Source: Contemporary Literary Criticism, ©2004 Gale Cengage. All Rights Reserved. Full copyright.


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Celebrate Nestor Miranda Day with a Cigar
Filed under: Cigars
The creator of Miami Cigar & Co. has decided that this coming Friday, June 12, 2009, is National Nestor Miranda Day. In exchange for claiming this particular day of the week, Miranda's Miami Cigar will be shipping free samples of the Nestor Miranda Special Selection 20 Aniversario Danno to 500 cigar retailers around the country. The only catch is that you have to buy a cigar from the retailer – any cigar, not even one from Miranda.
Each shop will be given 40 cigars, and 20 cigar retailers will be set up for much larger parties, which will be attended by key team members from Miami Cigar. Miranda will be at Sabor Havana in Doral Florida.
This promotion is the latest in a yearlong celebration of Miami Cigar's 20th anniversary.


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Dr. Patricia Goff
Associate Professor, Department of Political Science; Director, PhD in Global Governance
Contact Information
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com: 519-884-0710 ext.2588
Fax: 519-746-3655
Office Location: 4-119, DAWB
Office Hours: Fall 2013: Tuesday 10:00-11:30 am; Wednesday 12:00-1:00 pm and by appointment
Languages Spoken
Academic Background
BA (UWO), MA (McMaster), DEA (University of Paris), PhD (Northwestern)
Dr. Goff specializes in international political economy, international relations theory, and international organization, with a particular interest in trade, intellectual property, and the cultural capacity of international organizations. She is co-editor (with Kevin C. Dunn) of Identity and Global Politics: Theoretical and Empirical Elaborations (Palgrave, 2004) and co-editor (with Paul Heinbecker) of Irrelevant or Indispensable?: The United Nations in the 21st Century (Wilfrid Laurier University Press, 2005). She is also author of Limits to Liberalization: Local Culture in a Global Marketplace (Cornell University Press: 2007).
Willing to supervise MA students in International Relations theory and International Political Economy, especially trade policy, constructivism, identity politics, and issues of global governance.


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I have some code so the player can hit the "E" key and bring up a spell menu to select different spells. He then can hit "E" again to go back to the game. It uses room_persistent to keep the room alive as it switches from the Game room to the Menu room and back to the Game room.
In the player Step event:
if (keyboard_check_pressed(ord('E'))) { global.mousedown = 0; global.autofire = 0; show_message(global.lastroom); show_message(room); global.lastroom = room; show_message(global.lastroom); room_set_persistent(room, true); room_goto(room_stats); }
In the menu Step event:
if (keyboard_check_pressed(ord('E')) || keyboard_check_pressed(vk_escape)) { show_message(global.lastroom); room_set_persistent(room, true); room_goto(global.lastroom); }
If I ran this code in Windows mode, in the HTML5 editor, it will work fine. When the show_message() boxes pop up, they will print out the room index (5) for global.lastroom, and they'll transition the player correctly.
But when I run this as an HTML5 game, it no longer works. Instead it puts a blank message (perhaps NULL) for the show_message() calls, and when it calls room_goto(global.lastroom) the player receives a black screen and nothing else works.
Does anyone have any ideas?


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Wheaton man certified as business mentor
John Benton (left), Wheaton resident and chairman of the Fox Valley Chapter of the Service Corps Of Retired Executives (SCORE), congratulates Bob Manning, also of Wheaton, for his recent certification as a mentor for the organization. Both men serve as resources for small business owners around the area through SCORE. For more information on the group, visit scorefoxvalley.org
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- August 19, 2012
- 9:50 p.m.
- Suggest removal
- Reply to this post
doyourpart writes:
in response to mscath:
I belong to the Church Health Center's gym. It is a fabulous place. Lots of doctors go there as well. Yes, they offer sliding scale membership, but plenty of people pay the full fee because they value the work that they do.
Do you want to know who goes to the Church Health Center? The artists whose "art stuff" is appealing to you, the musicians who entertain Memphians, your favorite restaurant server, and many more. The Center offers sliding scale fees for working people who don't have health insurance through their employer or qualify for Medicaid. The Church Health Center offers The Memphis Plan which is a low cost healthcare plan that employers who can't afford typical insurance can obtain at a much lower cost for their employees. Being around people like that trying to stay healthy is disgusting to you?
The Church Health Center is why my friend's mother is alive today because they treated her cancer after she lost her health insurance when changing jobs.
As to the other tenants...The West Clinic treats most Memphians. Methodist is the only reasonable hospital to go to if you live downtown (the highest price per square foot of the city) or midtown, or if you have United insurance. ALSAC-have you driven by St. Jude recentl to see how much the nonprofit is growing? Charter school-I know tons of people who volunteer at many of Memphis' inner city charters. Rhodes students-I'm pretty sure the tuition is well above 30K annually.
I choose to go to Whitehaven because the doctor I like works out there. It is also impressive to me that one of our city's best doctors makes the choice to work in a less affluent community. I don't think that he's lost the reason he started in the field. Memphis is home to some of the best nonprofits in this country; obviously, a good number of us believe in action rather than complaining. I don't think that 99% of residents think like you. I think that if you honestly believe that, you live in a sad world. I would never be disgusted to go anywhere because I have the knowledge that I'm not better than anyone else.
Well said! This is fantastic news for our City!
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News Releases by Email
May 16, 2012
National Safe Boating Week begins May 19.
Workshops scheduled for Gilchrist, Orange, Hernando and St. Lucie counties.
Discarded line can entangle birds, sea turtles, other wildlife.
FWC Facts:The Saltwater Fishing "Hot Sheet" gives the latest regulatory information for state and federal waters, as well as season updates and other current events in Marine Fisheries.
Learn More at AskFWC


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Tour attendees will find a link on the back of their passports, to an online survey. Answer the survey, provide your contact information, and you are entered in a drawing for $100 cash. Read more about Attended the Tour? - Register for $100 drawing
Just in time for the tour, the downloadable PDF of the Home Tour Guide is available on the home page (see the link right under "come rain or shine") It's about 16 MB, full color. Read more about Home Tour Guide PDF Available
Minneapolis & Saint Paul Home Tour promo that will air between programs on MCN Regional Cable Channel 6. Thirty-second tour of this year's photos in a delightful matrix/medley... Read more about Home Tour on YouTube
Have you recently remodeled your home? Would you like to thank the people who helped or from whom you borrowed ideas? Does your home have features that get people to take notice? Read more about Nominate your home for a future tour


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Wednesday, March 11, 2009
Spinach, Red Pepper and Goat Cheese Quiche
Labels: vegetables
31 comments:
- nobu said...
Spinach and cheese are good conbination.
In the first photo,I think inside is very soft,wonderful. - March 11, 2009 at 4:08 AM
- Melissa said...
What a great way to start the day off! This looks delish!
- March 11, 2009 at 4:31 AM
- Katherine Aucoin said...
Looks gorgeous Bridgett. My husband won't eat quiche either. I made a gorgeous frittata last week and he wouldn't eat it because he said it was a quiche without the crust.
- March 11, 2009 at 6:20 AM
- Paula said...
Oh, you rebel you, adding cheese! :-) Actually, I didn't know that Quiche Lorraine didn't contain cheese! I love what you've done here. I'd love a slice for breakfast with some tea, a slice for lunch with some milk, and then eat the remainder for dinner with some ice tea. Oh yeah, I like this a lot! :-)
- March 11, 2009 at 7:51 AM
- Aggie said...
Oh I would love a slice of that! Maybe more...;) Looks delicious! Your pictures look so professional!!
- March 11, 2009 at 9:18 AM
- Mary said...
What a great way to start or end a day!
- March 11, 2009 at 10:04 AM
- Maris said...
Good thing the men don't - more for you!
- March 11, 2009 at 2:36 PM
- Steph said...
Bridgett, your pictures look so good! I've never had a quishe before, but I'm sure it's delicious.
- March 11, 2009 at 4:03 PM
- Pam said...
What a tasty and beautiful quiche. I could eat a slice right now!
- March 11, 2009 at 4:10 PM
- Rhyleysgranny said...
I love quiche and this looks just gorgeous.
xxx - March 11, 2009 at 5:25 PM
- Lisa said...
Wow, looks great. That is true in my house too but my daughter and I don't mind eating the whole thing.
- March 11, 2009 at 5:47 PM
- pinkstripes said...
Spinach, goat cheese, and red pepper sound wonderful. My husband loves quiche. He actually likes it more than I do.
- March 11, 2009 at 6:19 PM
- Chef Chuck said...
Hi Bridgett, This looks great, your right, I could eat this at anytime of the day!! Thanks
- March 11, 2009 at 6:23 PM
- Sara said...
That is a really nice looking quiche! Love the flavor combination too.
- March 11, 2009 at 7:19 PM
- Maria said...
I love it too, especially this one! Love the veggies and goat cheese, so colorful and delicious!
- March 11, 2009 at 8:59 PM
- Cathy said...
I actually think my hubs will eat this. I will just call it something other than quiche out of an abundance of caution. I bought an excessive amount of goat cheese recently (long story!) and am delighted to see this irrisitible looking quiche in which to use some of it! I'd love this for breakfast, lunch or dinner!
- March 12, 2009 at 4:34 AM
- Maryann said...
- March 12, 2009 at 6:26 AM
- Grace said...
my brothers won't eat quiche, and for the longest time i couldn't figure out why. apparently there's something effeminite about the word "quiche" and they associate the stuff with bridal showers...silly boys.
this one looks great, bridgett--nice job! - March 12, 2009 at 7:06 AM
- Lucy said...
The men in my life would simply enjoy this quiche to the fullest & so would I !! ;-)
- March 12, 2009 at 7:57 AM
- ♥Rosie♥ said...
Looks absolutely gorgeous Bridgett. I would really enjoy a slice of this with a salad - my mouth waters at the thought!
Rosie x - March 12, 2009 at 9:44 AM
- Dawn said...
What a gorgeous photo Ms. Thing!
Would you believe I don't like goat cheese, but, don't write me off just yet. I am curious to try baking with it. I think maybe I'll like it better if it's baked or cooked.
So, it does taste good in a quiche? Hmmm - March 12, 2009 at 1:50 PM
- alice said...
Hi Bridgett! Just discovered your blog over at Bpp's. I'm really enjoying reading yours and trying some of your recipes. Your photos are great!
- March 12, 2009 at 3:23 PM
- Shari@Whisk: a food blog said...
That looks so colorful and pretty!
- March 12, 2009 at 4:18 PM
- Maryann said...
There's something on my blog for you :)
- March 12, 2009 at 5:44 PM
- Linda said...
I am putting this recipe aside for a brunch. It sounds wonderful.
Thanks for the comments on the Thin Mint Pie...and yes, Edy's is found on the East Coast! - March 12, 2009 at 7:11 PM
- culinarytravelsofakitchengoddess said...
This looks amazing! Lovely flavour combinations and so well presented.
- March 14, 2009 at 4:00 AM
- Peter M said...
A perfect balance of colours and flavours...wonderfully photo'd too!
- March 14, 2009 at 12:59 PM
- Kevin said...
This quiche sounds really good! I like the use of the goat cheese.
- March 15, 2009 at 5:22 AM
- Jeena said...
Fabulous quiche it looks very elegant to serve whole at a table. :-)
- March 21, 2009 at 9:17 AM
- Melissa said...
Came across this and make it for Thanksgiving morning breakfast.. my sister thought I bought it at whole foods and put in one of my own pans. It disappeared in 30 seconds!
And my husband is already asking for it again - you know you found a good catch if he likes quiche.
DELISH! thanks for sharing! - November 27, 2009 at 7:38 PM
- groggypants said...
I have been looking for a good goat cheese/roasted red pepper quiche recipe for about an hour and a half. I'm going to make this on Sunday to serve the mothers for Mother's Day...wish me luck! It looks fabulous, and I'm glad there's some red pepper flakes to add a little bit of heat! I'm really excited!
- May 6, 2011 at 1:30 PM


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2014 Girl Scout Cookie Program
All your information for the 2014 Cookie Campaign can be found here! Please note: To place an order or to find a location where Girl Scouts are selling cookies, please email email@example.com or call (631) 543-6622 ext. 242.
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Craig Young knows his No.1 will be back on form in next game
Club miss out on victory after Threave goalkeeper scores from his own half
WITH the battle for power in the Rangers boardroom showing no sign of abating, McCoist reckons recent events outwith football have brought home to everyone what really matters in life.
Town plays role in victory over Motherwell
Funds raised wiil go to family of Rab McMillan and EKFC Sunday Club
Midfielder wins at Scottish Women's Premier League and Rangers awards nights
Davie Atha lights up match with St Cuthbert's to help Kilby through
Derby County midfielder started in 1-0 win over Norway last week
Future secured for Kilby duo Iain King and Craig Young
Strike sensation Longworth has scored nine in his last five games, the best form of his career so far
Showpark gaffer admits postponement was a blessing in disguise as it gives him more time to work with new squad
The Bully Wee gaffer says the club will step up their presence in the town ahead of Clyde's proposed move to East Kilbride.
Alan Wardlaw and his coaching team knows changing Thistle's fortunes will be a long, hard road
EK footballer Craig Bryson is hoping to win his second cap against Croatia in Scotland's final World Cup qualifier
After 11 straight defeats as Jags boss, Jason Little has quit the Showpark for personal reasons
East Kilbride Football Club make history as they top the table for the first time
YM, as part of the new East Kilbride YMC Community Club, along with EKYC and EK Girls, had their tournament finals at the huge Football Festival organised by EKYC
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William M. Frazier
PROCTOR William M. Frazier, 90, died Saturday, Jan. 12, 2013, at Mountain View Center.
The funeral service will be held at 11 a.m. Thursday, Jan. 17, at St. Dominics Church in Proctor with the Rev. Richard Cawley officiating.
Burial will be at a later date in Riverside Cemetery.
Calling hours will be from 4 to 6 p.m. Wednesday, Jan. 16, at the Clifford Funeral Home in Rutland.
Memorial contributions may be made to Mountain View Center Activities Fund, 9 Haywood Ave., Rutland, VT 05701.MORE IN ObituariesObituaries to be published Saturday, Dec. 21 Full StoryObituaries to be published Saturday, Dec. 21 Full StoryObituaries to be published Saturday, Dec. 21 Full Story -
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