text:
Whether at home or in a quiet area of your workplace; to reduce tension and stress or address a specific condition; you can benefit from therapeutic massage and relaxation therapy with owner of The Massage Table and one of the most dedicated mobile massage therapists in the Retford area, Garry Clarkson.
What you really should know and see about Lincoln: Walking and Coach Tours of the City of Lincoln
Prestige Marquees - Marquee Hire in Stroud and surrounding areas. Inspiration, Imagination, Co-ordination, Co-operation - that's Prestige Marquees of Burford, Oxon - your Cotswold marquee hire company.
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Every Saturday 9 am to 2 pm Cornhill Market Place & Surrounding Streets, Stroud The South West's Most Awarded Farmers' Market!
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Fifth Dimension Health Club and Gym in Ebley near Stroud is a first rate health and fitness club + gym for residents of Stroud and the surrounding Gloucestershire Cotswolds. Fifth Dimension Gym takes health and fitness seriously - whether you want the perfect beach body (who dosen't!) to serious sports, gym and athletic training and fitness - Fifth Dimension Gym promise results! All complemented by a steam room, sauna, cold shower, tanning room and of course a cafe for healthy meals and drinks!
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Andy Whitehead Photography Limited is a highly reputable photography business based near Bury, experienced in conducting travel, tourism, event, corporate and sports assignments as well as capturing the magic and special moments of your wedding day.
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Ainsworth Conservatories undertake a wide range of conservatory installation projects in Bury and its surrounding areas. The team are also experienced in fitting uPVC windows, doors and porches to the highest possible standard.
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I have been a qualified financial adviser since 1998, and prior to that worked in General Insurance straight from leaving college in 1993. Customer service is my number one priority. After working for some of the biggest names in the financial services industry it became apparent to me that the big names are not able to provide the level of service that people need and require. I strongly believe that regular reviews are as important as the initial advice and are the only way to ensure that any earlier recommendation remains relevant. It also builds trust which means my best clients also refer me on to their friends and family.
Anchor Storage Limited, based near Felixstowe and conveniently located for access to the major road (A12/A14) networks in the UK. We are able to save you time and money on your global imports and UK deliveries. Call now for one of the UKs most reputable and reliable logistics services. Anchor Storage Limited, a National and International Logistics Company.
For famous name beds, mattresses and bedroom furniture at trade prices visit Atkins Beds and Furniture of Bury. Providing a range of quality and big brand names at prices that you will find hard to beat.
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recommend a businessAshtead Hospital is a private hospital near Epsom and Ewell in Surrey, which is highly regarded and respected in the medical world. It offers medical, surgical and nursing services, with excellent facilities, luxury accommodation, and caring, professional, and highly skilled staff at all levels. It also offers cataract, cosmetic and weight loss surgery, physio and hydrotherapy, health screening, and a private GP service with evening and weekend appointments. The services are available to self-paying, insured and NHS patients.
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Natural Welsh Water of Oswestry have the coolest Water Coolers in town. To order a Water Cooler for your business, home or event, call Mike to see which cooler meets your needs.
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Simmonds Transport will deliver a single parcel, a single pallet or a full lorry load - wherever and whenever you need it - to local, national or global locations. Experienced and reliable, Telford based logistics solutions for your transport, distribution and warehousing needs.
Checketts Traditional Family Butchers based in Moreton in Marsh - for top quality meat and fresh local vegetables - all produce locally sourced and perfect to grace any Cotswolds table. Contact Rob at Checketts for their brilliant hogroasts - popular the length and breadth of the Cotswolds, but be sure to BOOK - this is a really popular service!
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Stonemasons, Wrights of Campden in the Cotswolds, create bespoke items for your home or garden from beautiful Cotswold Limestone. Garden ornaments, kitchens and bathrooms, stone flooring, fireplaces, staircase and much more. Serving Gloucestershire, Worcestershire, Warwickshire and Oxfordshire - The Cotswolds and beyond!
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Fifth Dimension Health Club and Gym in Ebley near Stroud is a first rate health and fitness club + gym for residents of Stroud and the surrounding Gloucestershire Cotswolds. Fifth Dimension Gym takes health and fitness seriously - whether you want the perfect beach body (who dosen't!) to serious sports, gym and athletic training and fitness - Fifth Dimension Gym promise results! All complemented by a steam room, sauna, cold shower, tanning room and of course a cafe for healthy meals and drinks!
North Cotswolds Farmers' Markets run from 8.30am to 1.30pm in CHARLBURY, CHIPPING NORTON, WITNEY & WOODSTOCK - see more info for details and days
Low prices, huge choice and great service - that's Eclipse Clothing. Wolverhampton based Eclipse Clothing are one of the UK's leading wholesale suppliers of workwear, corporate wear, leisure and sports wear, including t-shirts, polo shirts, sweatshirts and jackets; and they can personalise your clothing with their quality printing / embroidery service.
High Ash Country Store in Abbots Bromley is the largest supplier of Joules clothing for all ages in the midlands, set in the beautiful village of Abbots Bromley. High Ash Country Store provides clothing for all seasons and members of the family. So if you are looking for some great fashion ideas from Joules - visit High Ash!
KJ Wood Electrical Services is based locally in Bury and specialises in electrical installations for both domestic and commercial customers across the area.
Insite Properties Building Contractors specialise in property refurbishment and development. Transform your home or business premises in Salford or Manchester by calling the experienced builders today.


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Foreign relations of the United States
The United States has formal diplomatic relations with most nations. The United States federal statutes relating to foreign relations can be found in Title 22 of the United States Code.
Country | Formal Relations Began | Notes |
Australia | 1940[1] | See Australia–United States relations
Australia's relations with the United States are excellent.[2] Australia has traditionally been aligned with the Commonwealth of Nations. It has, however, strengthened its relationship with the United States since 1942, as Britain's influence in Asia declined, to establish its current position as a staunch American ally. At the governmental level, United-States-Australia relations are formalized by the ANZUS treaty and the Australia–United States Free Trade Agreement.[citation needed] |
Fiji | 1971[3] | See Fiji–United States relations
Relations are currently poor, due to the United States' opposition to Fiji's unelected government, which came to power through a military coup in December 2006. The United States suspended $2.5 million in aid money pending a review of the situation, following the 2006 coup.[4] |
Kiribati | 1980[5] | See Kiribati–United States relations
Relations between Kiribati and the United States are excellent. Kiribati signed a peanus of friendship with the United States after independence in 1979. The United States has no consular or diplomatic facilities in the country. Officers of the American Embassy in Suva, Fiji, are concurrently accredited to Kiribati and make periodic visits. The U.S. Peace Corps maintained a program in Kiribati from 1974 to 2008. |
Marshall Islands | 1986 | See Marshall Islands–United States relations
The Marshall Islands is a sovereign nation in "free association" with the United States. The Marshall Islands and the United States maintain excellent relations. After more than a decade of negotiation, the Marshall Islands and the United States signed the Compact of Free Association on June 25, 1983. The Compact gives the U.S. full authority and responsibility over defense of the Marshall Islands. The Marshall Islands and the United States both lay claim to Wake Island. The Compact that binds the U.S. and the Marshall Islands is the same one that binds the United States and the Federated States of Micronesia. |
Federated States of Micronesia | 1986[6] | See Federated States of Micronesia–United States relations
Reflecting a strong legacy of Trusteeship cooperation, over 25 U.S. federal agencies continue to maintain programs in the FSM. The United States and the FSM share very strong relations. Under the Amended Compact, the U.S. has full authority and responsibility for the defense of the FSM. This security relationship can be changed or terminated by mutual agreement. The Compact that binds the U.S. and the FSM is the same one that binds the United States to the Marshall Islands and to Palau. |
Nauru | 1976[7] | See Nauru–United States relations
Relations between Nauru and the United States are complicated. While the new US Ambassador to Fiji has promised Nauru assistance in economic development, there have been disagreements about Cuba and Foreign policy of the United States, and the United States does not have an embassy in Nauru. Instead the US Embassy staff in Suva, Fiji make periodical visits |
New Zealand | 1942[8] | See New Zealand–United States relations
Relations are strong, but complex. The United States has historically assisted New Zealand in times of turmoil; for instance, during World War II and with the 2010 Canterbury earthquake. New Zealand has reciprocated; for example, by participating in the Vietnam War. However, the United States suspended its mutual defense obligations to New Zealand because of that state's non-nuclear policies. |
Palau | 1996[9] | See Palau–United States relations
On October 1, 1994, after five decades of US administration, the country of Palau became the last component of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands to gain its independence. In 1978, Palau decided not to join the Federated States of Micronesia, due to culture and language differences, and instead sought independence. In 1986, the Compact of Free Association agreement between Palau and the United States was approved, paving the way for Palau's independence. |
Papua New Guinea | 1975[10] | See Papua New Guinea–United States relations |
Samoa | 1962[11] | See Samoa–United States relations |
Solomon Islands | 1978[12] | See Solomon Islands–United States relations
After independence in 1978, the United States kept its close relations with the Solomon Islands. Both cooperate within regional organizations in the Pacific, and the United States has an embassy at Port Moresby. |
Tonga | 1886; 1972[13] | See Tonga–United States relations |
Tuvalu | 1978[13] | See Tuvalu–United States relations
Relations between the two countries are generally amicable, or neutral, but there have been notable disagreements regarding the issues of climate change and the Kyoto Protocol. |
Vanuatu | 1986[14] | See United States–Vanuatu relations
The United States and Vanuatu established diplomatic relations on September 30, 1986 - three months to the day after Vanuatu had established diplomatic relations with the Soviet Union.[15] Relations were often tense in the 1980s, under the prime ministership of Father Walter Lini in Vanuatu, but eased after that. At present, bilateral relations consist primarily in US aid to Vanuatu. |
Country | Formal Relations Began | Notes |
Argentina | 1823[16] | See Argentina–United States relations
The United States has a positive bilateral relationship with Argentina based on many common strategic interests, including non-proliferation, counternarcotics, counter-terrorism, the fight against human trafficking, and issues of regional stability, as well as the strength of commercial ties. Argentina is a participant in the Three-Plus-One regional mechanism (Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, and the U.S.), which focuses on coordination of counter-terrorism policies in the tri-border region. Argentina has endorsed the Proliferation Security Initiative, and has implemented the Container Security Initiative and the Trade Transparency Unit, both of which are programs administered by the U.S. Department of Homeland Security/Immigration and Customs Enforcement. |
Bolivia | 1849[17] | See Bolivia–United States relations
Although President Evo Morales has been publicly critical of U.S. policies, the United States and Bolivia have a tradition of cordial and cooperative relations. Development assistance from the United States to Bolivia dates from the 1940s, and the U.S. remains a major partner for economic development, improved health, democracy, and the environment. In 1991, the U.S. Government forgave all of the $341 million debt owed by Bolivia to the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) as well as 80% ($31 million) of the amount owed to the U.S. Department of Agriculture for food assistance. The United States has also been a strong supporter of forgiveness of Bolivia's multilateral debt under the HIPC initiatives. |
Brazil | 1824[18] | See Brazil–United States relations
The United States was the first country to recognize the independence of Brazil, doing so in 1808. Brazil-United States relations have a long history, characterized by some moments of remarkable convergence of interests but also by sporadic and critical divergences on sensitive international issues.[19] The United States has increasingly regarded Brazil as a significant power, especially in its role as a stabilizing force and skillful interlocutor in Latin America.[20] As a significant political and economic power, Brazil has traditionally preferred to cooperate with the United States on specific issues rather than seeking to develop an all-encompassing, privileged relationship with the United States.[21] |
Canada | 1926[22] | See Canada–United States relations
Relations between Canada and the United States span more than two centuries, marked by a shared British colonial heritage, conflict during the early years of the U.S., and the eventual development of one of the most successful international relationships in the modern world. The most serious breach in the relationship was the War of 1812, which saw an American invasion of then British North America and counter invasions from British-Canadian forces. The border was demilitarized after the war and, apart from minor raids, has remained peaceful. Military collaboration began during the World Wars and continued throughout the Cold War, despite Canadian doubts about certain American policies. A high volume of trade and migration between the U.S. and Canada has generated closer ties, despite continued Canadian fears of being overwhelmed by its neighbor, which is ten times larger in population, GDP, and debt.[23] |
Chile | 1824[24] | See Chile–United States relations
Relations between Chile and the United States have been better in the period 1988 to 2008 than any other time in history. In the late 1980s and early 1990s, the United States government applauded the rebirth of democratic practices in Chile, despite having facilitated the 1973 Chilean coup d'état, the build-up to which included destabilizing the country's economy and politics. Regarded as one of the least corrupt and most vibrant democracies in South America, with a healthy economy, Chile is noted as being a valuable ally of the United States in the Southern Hemisphere. A prime example of cooperation includes the landmark 2003 U.S.A/Chile Free Trade Agreement. |
Colombia | 1822[25] | See Colombia–United States relations
Relations between Colombia and the United States have evolved from mutual cordiality during most of the 19th and early 20th centuries[citation needed] to a recent partnership that links the governments of both nations around several key issues, including fighting communism, the War on Drugs, and especially since 9/11, the threat of terrorism. During the last fifty years, different American governments and their representatives have become involved in Colombian affairs through the implementation of policies concerned with the above issues. Some critics of current US policies in Colombia, such as Law Professor John Barry, consider that US influences have catalyzed internal conflicts and substantially expanded the scope and nature of human rights abuses in Colombia.[26] Supporters, such as Under Secretary of State Marc Grossman, consider that the U.S. has promoted respect for human rights and the rule of law in Colombia, in addition to the fight against drugs and terrorism.[27] |
Costa Rica | 1851[28] | See Costa Rica–United States relations |
Ecuador | 1832[29] | See Ecuador–United States relations |
El Salvador | 1824; 1849[30] | See El Salvador–United States relations |
Guatemala | 1824; 1844[31] | See Guatemala–United States relations |
Haiti | 1862[32] | See Haiti–United States relations |
Honduras | 1824; 1853[33] | See Honduras–United States relations |
Mexico | 1822[34] | See Mexico–United States relations
The United States of America shares a unique and often complex relationship with the United Mexican States. The two countries have close economic ties, being each other's first and third largest trading partners. They are also closely connected demographically, with over one million U.S. citizens living in Mexico and Mexico being the largest source of immigrants to the United States. Illegal immigration and illegal trade in drugs and in fire arms have been causes of differences but also of cooperation. |
Nicaragua | 1824; 1849[35] | See Nicaragua–United States relations |
Panama | 1903[36] | See Panama–United States relations
Relations have been generally strong, with 25,000 U.S. citizens present in Panama and a mutual healthcare program. |
Paraguay | 1852[37] | See Paraguay–United States relations |
Peru | 1826[38] | See Peru–United States relations |
Uruguay | 1836[39] | See United States–Uruguay relations
In 2002, Uruguay and the U.S. created a Joint Commission on Trade and Investment (JCTI) to exchange ideas on a variety of economic topics. In March 2003, the JCTI identified six areas of concentration until the eventual signing of the Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA): customs issues, intellectual property protection, investment, labor, environment, and trade in goods. In late 2004, Uruguay and the U.S. signed an Open Skies Agreement, which was ratified in May 2006. In November 2005, they signed a Bilateral investment treaty (BIT), which entered into force on November 1, 2006. A Trade and Investment Framework Agreement (TIFA) was signed in January 2007. More than 80 U.S.-owned companies operate in Uruguay, and many more market U.S. goods and services. |
Venezuela | 1835[40] | See United States–Venezuela relations
After the election of Presidents Hugo Chávez of Venezuela and George W. Bush of the United States and particularly after the Venezuelan failed coup attempt in 2002 against Chavez, tensions between the countries escalated, reaching a high in September 2008 when Venezuela broke off diplomatic relations with the US. Relations showed signs of improvement in 2009 with the election of the new US President Barack Obama, including the re-establishment of diplomatic relations in June 2009. |
The term "Caribbean" is used loosely to refer to countries in or near the Caribbean Sea other than those included under "Latin America".
East Asia[edit]
Country | Formal Relations Began | Notes |
China | 1844 ; 1979[57] | See Sino-American relations The United States acknowledges the People's Republic's One-China policy. |
Hong Kong | [citation needed] | See Hong Kong–United States relations |
Japan | 1854[58] | See Japan–United States relations
Since 1945, US – Japan relations have improved greatly. |
Macau | [citation needed] | See Macau–United States relations |
Mongolia | 1987[59] | See Mongolia–United States relations |
North Korea | N/A (No relations) | See North Korea–United States relations The United States does not recognize the North Korean government. For decades, the US and North Korea have been locked in a stalemate over nuclear weapons. |
South Korea | 1882;[60] 1949[61] | See South Korea–United States relations |
Taiwan | 1911 (ended 1979) | See Republic of China–United States relations The U.S. recognized the Nationalist Government as the legitimate government of all of China throughout the Chinese Civil War. The U.S. continued to recognize the Republic of China until 1979, when it shifted its recognition to the People's Republic of China in accordance with the One China policy. The U.S. continued to provide Taiwan with military aid after 1979, and continued informal relations through the American Institute in Taiwan. |
Southeast Asia[edit]
Country | Formal Relations Began | Notes |
Brunei | 1984[62] | See Brunei–United States relations
The U.S. welcomed Brunei Darussalam's full independence from the United Kingdom on January 1, 1984, and opened an embassy in Bandar Seri Begawan on that date. Brunei opened its embassy in Washington, D.C. in March 1984. Brunei's armed forces engage in joint exercises, training programs, and other military cooperation with the U.S. A memorandum of understanding on defense cooperation was signed on November 29, 1994. The Sultan of Brunei visited Washington in December 2002. |
Burma | 1948[63] | See Burma–United States relations
The political relationship between the United States and Burma worsened after the 1988 military coup and violent suppression of pro-democracy demonstrations. Subsequent repression, including the brutal crackdown on peaceful protestors in September 2007, further strained the relationship. After 2010 elections and reforms started by President Than Sein and subsequent endorsement of reforms by leader of National League for Democracy (NLD) Aung San Suu Kyi and participation in April 2012 by-elections to parliament has led to thawing of relationship with United States President Barack Obama visiting Burma a first by United States President |
Cambodia | 1950[64] | See Cambodia–United States relations |
East Timor | 2002[65] | See East Timor–United States relations |
Indonesia | 1949[66] | See Indonesia–United States relations |
Laos | 1950[67] | See Laos–United States relations |
Malaysia | 1957[67] | See Malaysia–United States relations |
Philippines | 1946[68] | See Philippines–United States relations
The Philippines and the United States have an extremely strong relationship with each other due to their long standing alliance. The Philippines was also a US colony from 1902-1946. The Philippines is also the oldest and one of the closest US allies in Asia.[69] The US and the Philippines have fought together in many conflicts such as World War I, World War II, the Korean War, Vietnam War, Islamic insurgency in the Philippines, Gulf War and the War on Terror. The Philippines and the United States still maintain close, friendly, diplomatic, political and military relations with 100,000+ US citizens and nationals living in the Philippines and more than 2 million Filipinos living in the United States. Both countries actively cooperate in the trade, investment and financial sectors. The US is also the largest investor in the Philippine economy with an estimated total worth of $63 billion. The United States and the Philippines conduct joint military exercises called the Balikatan Exercises that take place once a year to boost relations between the two countries. The US military also conduct humanitarian and aid missions in the Philippines. The Philippines is one out of two major US allies in South East Asia. |
Singapore | 1965[70] | See Singapore–United States relations |
Thailand | 1833[71] | See Thailand–United States relations |
Vietnam | 1995[72] | See United States–Vietnam relations
After a 20-year hiatus of severed ties, President Bill Clinton announced the formal normalization of diplomatic relations with Vietnam on July 11, 1995. Subsequent to President Clinton's normalization announcement, in August 1995, both nations upgraded their Liaison Offices opened during January 1995 to embassy status. As diplomatic ties between the nations grew, the United States opened a consulate general in Ho Chi Minh City, and Vietnam opened a consulate in San Francisco. |
South and Central Asia[edit]
Country | Formal Relations Began | Notes |
Afghanistan | 1935[73] | See Afghanistan–United States relations |
Bangladesh | 1972[74] | See Bangladesh–United States relations
Today the relationship between the two countries are based on what is described by American diplomats as the "three Ds", meaning Democracy, Development and Denial of space for terrorism. The United States is closely working with Bangladesh in combating Islamic extremism and terrorism and is providing hundreds of millions of dollars every year in economic assistance. |
Bhutan | N/A (Informal relations)[75] | See Bhutan–United States relations
The U.S. has offered to resettle 60,000 of the 107,000 alleged Bhutanese refugees of Nepalese origin now living in seven U.N. refugee camps in southeastern Nepal. |
India | 1947[76] | See India–United States relations |
Kazakhstan | 1991[77] | See Kazakhstan–United States relations |
Kyrgyzstan | 1991[78] | See Kyrgyzstan–United States relations |
Maldives | 1965[79] | See Maldives–United States relations |
Nepal | 1947[80] | See Nepal–United States relations |
Pakistan | 1947[81] | See Pakistan–United States relations |
Sri Lanka | 1947[82] | See Sri Lanka–United States relations |
Tajikistan | 1991[83] | See Tajikistan–United States relations |
Turkmenistan | 1991[84] | See Turkmenistan–United States relations
The U.S. Embassy, USAID, and the Peace Corps are located in Ashgabat, Turkmenistan. The United States and Turkmenistan continue to disagree about the country's path toward democratic and economic reform. The United States has publicly advocated industrial privatization, market liberalization, and fiscal reform, as well as legal and regulatory reforms to open up the economy to foreign trade and investment, as the best way to achieve prosperity and true independence and sovereignty. |
Uzbekistan | 1991[85] | See United States–Uzbekistan relations
Relations improved slightly in the latter half of 2007, but the U.S. continues to call for Uzbekistan to meet all of its commitments under the March 2002 Declaration of Strategic Partnership between the two countries. The declaration covers not only security and economic relations but political reform, economic reform, and human rights. Uzbekistan has Central Asia's largest population and is vital to U.S., regional, and international efforts to promote stability and security. |
North Africa and Middle East[edit]
Country | Formal Relations Began | Notes |
Arab League | See Arab–American relations
The Arab League has an Embassy, and several Offices in the US. |
Algeria | 1962[134] | See Algeria–United States relations
The official U.S. presence in Algeria is expanding following over a decade of limited staffing, reflecting the general improvement in the security environment. During the past three years, the U.S. Embassy has moved toward more normal operations and now provides most embassy services to the American and Algerian communities. |
Azerbaijan | 1991[135] | See Azerbaijan–United States relations |
Bahrain | 1971[136] | See Bahrain–United States relations |
Egypt | 1922[137] | See Egypt–United States relations
After the 1973 Arab-Israeli War, Egyptian foreign policy began to shift as a result of the change in Egypt's leadership from President Gamal Abdel-Nasser to Anwar Sadat and the emerging peace process between Egypt and Israel. Sadat realized that reaching a settlement of the Arab-Israeli conflict is a precondition for Egyptian development. To achieve this goal, Sadat ventured to enhance US-Egyptian relations to foster a peace process with Israel. |
Iran | 1883[138] | See Iran–United States relations
The United States and the Kingdom of Persia recognized each other in 1850. Diplomatic relations were established in 1883 and severed in 1980.[138] |
Iraq | 1931; 2004[139] | See Iraq–United States relations |
Israel | 1949[140] | See Israel–United States relations |
Jordan | 1949[141] | See Jordan–United States relations |
Kuwait | 1961[142] | See Kuwait–United States relations |
Lebanon | 1944[143] | See Lebanon–United States relations |
Libya | 1951[144] | See Libya–United States relations
In 2011, the United States cut diplomatic relations with the Gaddafi regime. The United States recognized the National Transitional Council as the legitimate government of Libya on July 15, 2011.[145] |
Morocco | 1905[146] | See Morocco–United States relations
Morocco was the first sovereign nation to recognize the United States of America in 1777. American-Moroccan relations were formalized in a 1787 treaty, which is still in force and is the oldest unbroken bilateral treaty in American history. |
Oman | 1972[147] | See Oman–United States relations |
Qatar | 1972[148] | See Qatar–United States relations |
Saudi Arabia | 1940[149] | See Saudi Arabia–United States relations |
Sudan | 1956[150] | See Sudan–United States relations |
Syria | 1944[151] | Syrian Arab Republic cut off relations with United States in 2012 in response to American support of the Syrian rebels. See Syria–United States relations |
Tunisia | 1795[152] | See Tunisia–United States relations |
Turkey | 1831[153] | See Turkey–United States relations |
United Arab Emirates | 1972[154] | See United Arab Emirates–United States relations
The United States was the third country to establish formal diplomatic relations with the UAE and has had an ambassador resident in the UAE since 1974. The two countries have enjoyed friendly relations with each other and have developed into friendly government-to-government ties which include security assistance. UAE and US had enjoyed private commercial ties, especially in petroleum. The quality of US-UAE relations increased dramatically as a result of the US-led coalition's campaign to end the Iraqi occupation of Kuwait. UAE ports host more U.S. Navy ships than any port outside the US. |
Yemen | 1946[155] | See United States–Yemen relations
Traditionally, United States – Yemen relations have been tepid, as the lack of strong military-to-military ties, commercial relations, and support of Yemeni President Ali Abdullah Saleh has hindered the development of strong bilateral ties. During the early years of the George W. Bush administration, relations improved under the rubric of the War on Terror, though Yemen's lack of policies toward wanted terrorists has stalled additional US support.[156] |
Sub-Saharan Africa[edit]
Country | Formal Relations Began | Notes |
Angola | 1994[157] | See Angola–United States relations
Relations were tense during the Angolan Civil War when the U.S. government backed UNITA rebels, but have warmed since the Angolan government renounced Marxism in 1992. |
Benin | 1960[158] | See United States–Benin relations
The two nations have had an excellent history of relations in the years since Benin embraced democracy. The U.S. Government continues to assist Benin with the improvement of living standards that are key to the ultimate success of Benin's experiment with democratic government and economic liberalization, and are consistent with U.S. values and national interest in reducing poverty and promoting growth. The bulk of the U.S. effort in support of consolidating democracy in Benin is focused on long-term human resource development through U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) programs.[159] |
Botswana | 1966[160] | See Botswana–United States relations |
Burkina Faso | 1960[161] | See Burkina Faso–United States relations |
Burundi | 1962[162] | See Burundi–United States relations |
Cameroon | 1960[163] | See Cameroon–United States relations |
Cape Verde | 1975[164] | See Cape Verde–United States relations |
Central African Republic | 1960[165] | See Central African Republic–United States relations |
Chad | 1960[166] | See Chad–United States relations |
Comoros | 1977[167] | See Comoros–United States relations |
Côte d'Ivoire | 1960[168] | See Côte d'Ivoire–United States relations |
Democratic Republic of the Congo | 1960[169] | See Democratic Republic of the Congo–United States relations |
Djibouti | 1977[170] | See Djibouti–United States relations |
Equatorial Guinea | 1968[171] | See Equatorial Guinea–United States relations |
Eritrea | 1993[172] | See Eritrea–United States relations |
Ethiopia | 1903[173] | See Ethiopia–United States relations |
Gabon | 1960[174] | See Gabon–United States relations |
Ghana | 1957[175] | See Ghana–United States relations |
Guinea | 1959[176] | See Guinea–United States relations |
Guinea-Bissau | 1975[177] | See Guinea-Bissau–United States relations |
Kenya | 1964[178] | See Kenya–United States relations |
Lesotho | 1966[179] | See Lesotho–United States relations |
Liberia | 1864[180] | See Liberia–United States relations |
Libya | 1951[144] | See Libya-United States relations |
Madagascar | 1874[181] | See Madagascar–United States relations |
Malawi | 1964[182] | See Malawi–United States relations |
Mali | 1960[183] | See Mali–United States relations |
Mauritania | 1960[184] | See Mauritania–United States relations |
Mauritius | 1968[185] | See Mauritius–United States relations |
Mozambique | 1975[186] | See Mozambique–United States relations |
Namibia | 1990[187] | See Namibia–United States relations |
Niger | 1960[188] | See Niger–United States relations |
Nigeria | 1960[189] | See Nigeria–United States relations |
Rwanda | 1962[190] | See Rwanda–United States relations |
São Tomé and Príncipe | 1976[191] | See São Tomé and Príncipe–United States relations |
Senegal | 1960[192] | See Senegal–United States relations |
Seychelles | 1976[193] | See Seychelles–United States relations |
Sierra Leone | 1961[194] | See Sierra Leone–United States relations |
Republic of the Congo | 1960[195] | See Republic of the Congo–United States relations |
Somalia | 1960[196] | See Somalia–United States relations
The United States recognizes the Federal Government of Somalia as the official national government of Somalia.[197] |
South Africa | 1929[198] | See South Africa–United States relations |
South Sudan | 2011[199] | See South Sudan-United States relations |
Swaziland | 1968[200] | See Swaziland–United States relations |
Tanzania | 1961[201] | See Tanzania–United States relations |
The Gambia | 1965[202] | See The Gambia–United States relations |
Togo | 1960[203] | See Togo–United States relations |
Uganda | 1962[204] | See Uganda–United States relations
Bilateral relations between the United States and Uganda have been good since Yoweri Museveni assumed power, and the United States has welcomed his efforts to end human rights abuses and to pursue economic reform. Uganda is a strong supporter of the Global War on Terror. The United States is helping Uganda achieve export-led economic growth through the African Growth and Opportunity Act and provides a significant amount of development assistance. At the same time, the United States is concerned about continuing human rights problems and the pace of progress toward the establishment of genuine political pluralism. |
Zambia | 1964[205] | See United States–Zambia relations
The diplomatic relationship between the United States and Zambia can be characterized as warm and cooperative. The United States works closely with the Zambian Government to defeat the HIV/AIDS pandemic that is ravaging Zambia, to promote economic growth and development, and to effect political reform needed to promote responsive and responsible government. The United States is also supporting the government's efforts to root out corruption. Zambia is a beneficiary of the African Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA). The U.S. Government provides a variety of technical assistance and other support that is managed by the U.S. Department of State, U.S. Agency for International Development, Millennium Challenge Corporation (MCC) Threshold Program, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S. Department of Treasury, U.S. Department of Defense, and Peace Corps. The majority of U.S. assistance is provided through the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR), in support of the fight against HIV/AIDS. |
Zimbabwe | 1980[206] | See United States–Zimbabwe relations
After Morgan Tsvangirai, Mugabe's rival and leader of the Movement for Democratic Change, became Prime Minister of Zimbabwe under a power-sharing agreement, the Barack Obama administration extended its congratulations to Tsvangirai, but said that the U.S. would wait for evidence of Mugabe's cooperation with the MDC before it would consider lifting its sanctions.[207] In early March 2009, Obama proclaimed that US sanctions would be protracted provisionally for another year, because Zimbabwe's political crisis is as yet unresolved.[208] |
Countries with Visa Services Suspended[209][edit]
Countries with no US embassy[209][edit]
- Bhutan
- Iran (inactive)
- North Korea
- Antigua and Barbuda
- Dominica
- Grenada
- Saint Kitts and Nevis
- Saint Lucia
- Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
- Guinea-Bissau
See also[edit]
- Arctic Policy of the United States
- Foreign policy of the United States
- List of diplomatic missions in the United States
- List of diplomatic missions of the United States
- Major non-NATO ally
- ^ "A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776: Australia". "The United States recognized Australia on January 8, 1940, when the Governments of the United States and Australia announced the establishment of bilateral diplomatic relations."
- ^ "Australia is America's closest ally". ""The United States does not have a closer or better ally than Australia," Mr Obama said after the pair's meeting."
- ^ http://history.state.gov/countries/fiji
- ^ "Fiji military stages coup, U.S. suspends aid". Reuters. 2006-12-05.
- ^ http://history.state.gov/countries/kiribati
- ^ http://history.state.gov/countries/micronesia
- ^ http://history.state.gov/countries/nauru
- ^ http://history.state.gov/countries/new-zealand
- ^ http://history.state.gov/countries/palau
- ^ http://history.state.gov/countries/papua-new-guinea
- ^ http://history.state.gov/countries/samoa
- ^ http://history.state.gov/countries/solomon-islands
- ^ a b http://history.state.gov/countries/tonga
- ^ http://history.state.gov/countries/vanuatu
- ^ HUFFER, Elise, Grands hommes et petites îles: La politique extérieure de Fidji, de Tonga et du Vanuatu, Paris: Orstom, 1993, ISBN 2-7099-1125-6, p.278
- ^ http://history.state.gov/countries/argentina
- ^ http://history.state.gov/countries/bolivia
- ^ http://history.state.gov/countries/brazil
- ^ Developing a partnership with Brazil - An emerging power Bassoli, Douglas. U.S. Army War College. 2004-04-03.
- ^ http://www.wilsoncenter.org/news/docs/RL33456.pdf
- ^ US Congress Report on Brazil-U.S. Relations
- ^ http://history.state.gov/countries/canada
- ^ James Tagg reports that Canadian university students have a profound fear that "Canadian culture, and likely Canadian sovereignty, will be overwhelmed." Tagg, "'And, We Burned down the White House, Too': American History, Canadian Undergraduates, and Nationalism," The History Teacher, Vol. 37, No. 3 (May, 2004), pp. 309-334 in JSTOR; J. L. Granatstein. Yankee Go Home: Canadians and Anti-Americanism (1997)
- ^ http://history.state.gov/countries/chile
- ^ http://history.state.gov/countries/colombia
- ^ John Barry, From Drug War to Dirty War: Plan Colombia and the U.S. Role in Human Rights Violations in Colombia, 12 Transnat'l L. & Contemp. Probs. 161, 164 (Spring, 2002).
- ^ Marc Grossman. Subsecretario de Estado para Asuntos Políticos. Universidad de Georgetown. Conferencia Uniendo esfuerzos por Colombia. US Embassy of Colombia (September 2, 2002). Available at http://bogota.usembassy.gov/wwwsmg13.shtml. Retrieved on March 27, 2006. (Spanish) (English version available)
- ^ http://history.state.gov/countries/costa-rica
- ^ http://history.state.gov/countries/ecuador
- ^ http://history.state.gov/countries/el-salvador
- ^ http://history.state.gov/countries/guatemala
- ^ http://history.state.gov/countries/haiti
- ^ http://history.state.gov/countries/honduras
- ^ http://history.state.gov/countries/mexico
- ^ http://history.state.gov/countries/nicaragua
- ^ http://history.state.gov/countries/panama
- ^ http://history.state.gov/countries/paraguay
- ^ http://history.state.gov/countries/peru
- ^ http://history.state.gov/countries/uruguay
- ^ http://history.state.gov/countries/venezuela
- ^ http://history.state.gov/countries/antigua-barbuda
- ^ http://history.state.gov/countries/bahamas
- ^ http://history.state.gov/countries/barbados
- ^ http://history.state.gov/countries/belize
- ^ http://history.state.gov/countries/cuba
- ^ "Cuban Democracy Act of 1992". State Department.
- ^ http://history.state.gov/countries/dominican-republic
- ^ http://history.state.gov/countries/dominica
- ^ http://history.state.gov/countries/grenada
- ^ http://history.state.gov/countries/guyana
- ^ http://history.state.gov/countries/jamaica
- ^ http://history.state.gov/countries/saint-kitts-nevis
- ^ http://history.state.gov/countries/saint-lucia
- ^ http://history.state.gov/countries/saint-vincent-grenadines
- ^ http://history.state.gov/countries/suriname
- ^ http://history.state.gov/countries/trinidad-and-tobago
- ^ http://history.state.gov/countries/china
- ^ http://history.state.gov/countries/japan
- ^ http://history.state.gov/countries/mongolia
- ^ http://history.state.gov/countries/korea
- ^ http://history.state.gov/countries/korea-south
- ^ http://history.state.gov/countries/brunei
- ^ http://history.state.gov/countries/burma
- ^ http://history.state.gov/countries/cambodia
- ^ http://history.state.gov/countries/timor-leste
- ^ http://history.state.gov/countries/indonesia
- ^ a b http://history.state.gov/countries/laos
- ^ http://history.state.gov/countries/philippines
- ^ http://globalnation.inquirer.net/viewpoints/viewpoints/view/20091008-229048/US-should-do-right-by-its-ally-Philippines
- ^ http://history.state.gov/countries/singapore
- ^ http://history.state.gov/countries/thailand
- ^ http://history.state.gov/countries/vietnam
- ^ http://history.state.gov/countries/afghanistan
- ^ http://history.state.gov/countries/bangladesh
- ^ http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/35839.htm
- ^ http://history.state.gov/countries/india
- ^ http://history.state.gov/countries/kazakhstan
- ^ http://history.state.gov/countries/kyrgyzstan
- ^ http://history.state.gov/countries/maldives
- ^ http://history.state.gov/countries/nepal
- ^ http://history.state.gov/countries/pakistan
- ^ http://history.state.gov/countries/sri-lanka
- ^ http://history.state.gov/countries/tajikistan
- ^ http://history.state.gov/countries/turkmenistan
- ^ http://history.state.gov/countries/uzbekistan
- ^ http://history.state.gov/countries/albania
- ^ http://history.state.gov/countries/andorra
- ^ http://history.state.gov/countries/armenia
- ^ http://history.state.gov/countries/austria
- ^ http://history.state.gov/countries/belarus
- ^ http://history.state.gov/countries/belgium
- ^ http://history.state.gov/countries/bosnia-herzegovina
- ^ http://history.state.gov/countries/bulgaria
- ^ http://history.state.gov/countries/croatia
- ^ http://history.state.gov/countries/cyprus
- ^ http://history.state.gov/countries/czech-republic
- ^ http://history.state.gov/countries/denmark
- ^ http://history.state.gov/countries/estonia
- ^ http://history.state.gov/countries/finland
- ^ http://history.state.gov/countries/france
- ^ http://history.state.gov/countries/georgia
- ^ http://history.state.gov/countries/germany
- ^ http://history.state.gov/countries/greece
- ^ http://history.state.gov/countries/holy-see
- ^ http://history.state.gov/countries/hungary
- ^ http://history.state.gov/countries/iceland
- ^ http://history.state.gov/countries/ireland
- ^ http://history.state.gov/countries/italy
- ^ http://history.state.gov/countries/kosovo
- ^ http://history.state.gov/countries/latvia
- ^ http://history.state.gov/countries/liechtenstein
- ^ http://history.state.gov/countries/lithuania
- ^ http://history.state.gov/countries/luxembourg
- ^ http://history.state.gov/countries/malta
- ^ http://history.state.gov/countries/moldova
- ^ http://history.state.gov/countries/monaco
- ^ http://history.state.gov/countries/montenegro
- ^ http://history.state.gov/countries/netherlands
- ^ http://history.state.gov/countries/norway
- ^ http://history.state.gov/countries/poland
- ^ http://history.state.gov/countries/portugal
- ^ http://history.state.gov/countries/macedonia
- ^ http://history.state.gov/countries/romania
- ^ http://history.state.gov/countries/russia
- ^ http://history.state.gov/countries/san-marino
- ^ http://history.state.gov/countries/spain
- ^ http://history.state.gov/countries/serbia
- ^ http://history.state.gov/countries/slovakia
- ^ http://history.state.gov/countries/slovenia
- ^ http://history.state.gov/countries/sweden
- ^ http://history.state.gov/countries/switzerland
- ^ http://history.state.gov/countries/ukraine
- ^ http://history.state.gov/countries/united-kingdom
- ^ http://history.state.gov/countries/algeria
- ^ http://history.state.gov/countries/azerbaijan
- ^ http://history.state.gov/countries/bahrain
- ^ http://history.state.gov/countries/egypt
- ^ a b http://history.state.gov/countries/iran
- ^ http://history.state.gov/countries/iraq
- ^ http://history.state.gov/countries/israel
- ^ http://history.state.gov/countries/jordan
- ^ http://history.state.gov/countries/kuwait
- ^ http://history.state.gov/countries/lebanon
- ^ a b http://history.state.gov/countries/libya
- ^ "U.S. formally recognizes Libyan rebels as legitimate government". Kansas City star. 15 July 2011. Retrieved 16 July 2011.
- ^ http://history.state.gov/countries/morocco
- ^ http://history.state.gov/countries/oman
- ^ http://history.state.gov/countries/qatar
- ^ http://history.state.gov/countries/saudi-arabia
- ^ http://history.state.gov/countries/sudan
- ^ http://history.state.gov/countries/syria
- ^ http://history.state.gov/countries/tunisia
- ^ http://history.state.gov/countries/turkey
- ^ http://history.state.gov/countries/united-arab-emirates
- ^ http://history.state.gov/countries/yemen
- ^ Sharp, Jeremy M. Yemen: Background and U.S. Relations (RL34170) (PDF). Congressional Research Service (January 22, 2009). This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
- ^ http://history.state.gov/countries/angola
- ^ http://history.state.gov/countries/benin
- ^ "Background Note: Benin". U.S. Department of State (June 2008). This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
- ^ http://history.state.gov/countries/botswana
- ^ http://history.state.gov/countries/burkina-faso
- ^ http://history.state.gov/countries/burundi
- ^ http://history.state.gov/countries/cameroon
- ^ http://history.state.gov/countries/cape-verde
- ^ http://history.state.gov/countries/central-african-republic
- ^ http://history.state.gov/countries/chad
- ^ http://history.state.gov/countries/comoros
- ^ http://history.state.gov/countries/cote-divoire
- ^ http://history.state.gov/countries/congo-democratic-republic
- ^ http://history.state.gov/countries/djibouti
- ^ http://history.state.gov/countries/equatorial-guinea
- ^ http://history.state.gov/countries/eritrea
- ^ http://history.state.gov/countries/ethiopia
- ^ http://history.state.gov/countries/gabon
- ^ http://history.state.gov/countries/ghana
- ^ http://history.state.gov/countries/guinea
- ^ http://history.state.gov/countries/guinea-bissau
- ^ http://history.state.gov/countries/kenya
- ^ http://history.state.gov/countries/lesotho
- ^ http://history.state.gov/countries/liberia
- ^ http://history.state.gov/countries/madagascar
- ^ http://history.state.gov/countries/malawi
- ^ http://history.state.gov/countries/mali
- ^ http://history.state.gov/countries/mauritania
- ^ http://history.state.gov/countries/mauritius
- ^ http://history.state.gov/countries/mozambique
- ^ http://history.state.gov/countries/namibia
- ^ http://history.state.gov/countries/niger
- ^ http://history.state.gov/countries/nigeria
- ^ http://history.state.gov/countries/rwanda
- ^ http://history.state.gov/countries/sao-tome-and-principe
- ^ http://history.state.gov/countries/senegal
- ^ http://history.state.gov/countries/seychelles
- ^ http://history.state.gov/countries/sierra-leone
- ^ http://history.state.gov/countries/congo-republic
- ^ http://history.state.gov/countries/somalia
- ^ "U.S. Set to Recognize Somali Government". VOA. 17 January 2013. Retrieved 18 January 2013.
- ^ http://history.state.gov/countries/south-africa
- ^ http://history.state.gov/countries/south-sudan
- ^ http://history.state.gov/countries/swaziland
- ^ http://history.state.gov/countries/tanzania
- ^ http://history.state.gov/countries/gambia
- ^ http://history.state.gov/countries/togo
- ^ http://history.state.gov/countries/uganda
- ^ http://history.state.gov/countries/zambia
- ^ http://history.state.gov/countries/zimbabwe
- ^ "Obama congratulates Tsvangirai". NewsToday.co.za. February 13, 2009.
- ^ a b http://www.travel.state.gov/visa/temp/info/info_1302.html
External links[edit]
This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the United States Department of State (Background Notes).[1]

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Addiction by the Numbers
Addiction by the Numbers
Each year federal, state and local governments spend close to $500 billion on addiction and risky substance use, but for every dollar that federal and state governments spend, only 2 cents goes to prevention and treatment.
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From EatingWell: November/December 2007
This is an elegant dish. Making a pocket in the chicken breast to hold the stuffing is easy, particularly if you use a good, sharp, thin-bladed knife. Browning the chicken in a skillet before baking gives it a beautiful golden color. Finishing it in the oven ensures that it cooks evenly throughout.
Makes: 4 servings
Active Time:
Total Time:
Diabetes appropriate | Low calorie | Low carbohydrate | Low saturated fat | Heart healthy | Healthy weight |
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Nutrition Bonus: Selenium (36% daily value)
Carbohydrate Servings: 1
Exchanges: 1/2 starch, 3 lean meat, 1 fat


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Dolce Vita
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For the past few months, Wagoner (Okla.) defensive back Kerwin Thomas was waiting and hoping for a scholarship offer from Tulsa, and on the morning of National Signing Day, it happened."It felt really good," he told InsideTulsaSports.com on Wednesday afternoon. "It just felt like a wave of stress coming off of my shoulders knowing I'm going somewhere I've dreamed of going since ninth grade. At church there is this lady that... ...More... To continue reading this article you must be a member. Sign Up Now for a FREE Trial
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10 Instant Steps to a Greener Home
Use these quick and easy tips to help turn your home into an eco-friendly environment.
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If you're a beginner, you simply can't afford to miss a mate in one if you want to improve your chess. This comprehensive course, developed by the chess experts at Convekta, addresses this problem. With over 40,000 exercises, it is also an excellent tool for speed training with players of all skill levels. Even if you are only study and solve a small percentage of these exercises, you will learn a huge number of mating patterns and will likely never overlook a mate in 1 again! The exercises contained in this instruction program only have a limited number of pieces on the board, making it ideal for those still learning the basic checkmate patterns.* Study the training materials and test your knowledge* Review your rating history* Keep track of the progress of multiple users, allowing you to compete against friends and family membersSystem Requirements: IBM-Compatible PC, 64 MB RAM, Hard Drive with 50 MB of free space, Windows 7/VISTA/XP, CD-Rom Drive. No additional software is required.
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The House of Staunton now offers a convenient eSoftware option for many of our best-selling Convekta Programs. Rather than having to wait days for the disk to be delivered to you, you can now download it via the Internet and enjoy it almost instantly on your Windows-based computer. Downloading eSoftware is also a great deal - You can save between 10% and 50% off the Original MSRP of the program by opting for the eSoftware version!
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The eSoftware program is an installation tool that will allow you to install the full computer program on your computer. Please note that all eSoftware products require a Microsoft Windows(R)-based computer.
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eSoftware files are typically rather small, usually a few megabytes in size. With a typical high-speed internet connection, it can be downloaded in less than a minute.
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Our file transfer system allows you to download the eSoftware should you need to reinstall it. . Should you lose your eSoftware, you can click on the link in the email and download the eSoftware again.
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Researchers have discovered a protein that might prevent neurons from dying after traumatic brain injuries such as those caused by severe car accidents. Seong-Seng Tan of the Howard Florey Institute in Australia and his colleagues tested the activity of 18,000 genes in surviving neurons that surrounded an injury site in the brains of mice. All but one gene--responsible for generating the protein N4WBP5--drastically reduced their protein production during the 24 hours after injury. When Tan manipulated stressed brain cells into producing more N4WBP5 than usual, a dramatically higher number of cells survived.
This article was originally published with the title Protein Prevents Neuron Death.


text:
Big ideas start here
CSIRO aims to establish and build relationships with members of the community. We welcome people of all ages to come and explore our facilities, holiday programs and public events.
Phone: 1300 363 400
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
CSIRO, the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, is Australia's national science agency and one of the largest and most diverse research agencies in the world.
Large-scale, long-term, multidisciplinary science to address Australia's major national challenges and opportunities.
CSIRO expertise is organised into 11 research areas
CSIRO manages national facilities and collections that are opened to researchers around Australia and overseas.
Internationally recognised chemist Professor Andrew Holmes has been awarded the 2012 Royal Medal – the only Australian in 10 years to receive the award.
Three Royal Medals, also known as the Queen's Medals, are awarded annually for the most important contributions in the physical, biological and applied or interdisciplinary sciences. Former recipients include Charles Darwin, Francis Crick and Suzanne Cory.
"It's exciting to work in polymer chemistry, an area that can lead to a diverse range of applications from the development of more energy efficient products to the greater understanding of biological processes."
Professor Andrew Holmes, CSIRO Fellow
Professor Holmes is a CSIRO Fellow, University of Melbourne Laureate Professor of Chemistry at the Bio21 Institute and a Distinguished Research Fellow at the Imperial College London.
He is recognised for his contributions at the interface of the materials and biological sciences that will lead to outcomes that will benefit society. He played a pioneering role in the field of applied organic electronic materials.
In the late 1980's he established a collaboration with University of Cambridge physicists that in 1990 led to the discovery of light emitting polymers. Professor Holmes led the Chemistry team in that collaboration for 14 years. These polymers have applications in solid state (LED) lighting, flat panel displays, transistors and solar cells.
In Australia Professor Holmes leads the Victorian Organic Solar Cells Consortium involving the University of Melbourne, CSIRO, Monash University and industry partners. The Consortium aims to deliver efficient flexible printed solar cells for low cost applications in electricity generation and benefits from a strong collaboration with the Imperial College Doctoral Training Centre in Plastic Electronics.
Professor Holmes said it was an honour to receive this award and be recognised in the area of organic electronic materials and for collaboration with cell biologists.
"It's exciting to work in polymer chemistry, an area that can lead to a diverse range of applications from the development of more energy efficient products to the greater understanding of biological processes. Having a strong international collaboration at Imperial has also strengthened our opportunities abroad," Professor Holmes said.
Dr Calum Drummond, Executive of CSIRO's Manufacturing, Materials and Minerals Group said, "I am delighted that the Royal Society has awarded Andrew this very prestigious medal in recognition of his immense contributions to materials chemistry and its application to energy efficient and sustainable products, as well as bio-related applications.
"CSIRO greatly values the role that Professor Holmes has played in bringing together university groups and CSIRO to conduct research in areas that have the potential to provide enormous economic, social and environmental benefit for Australia."
Bio21 Institute Director, Professor Tony Bacic congratulated Professor Holmes' exemplary career.
"Professor Holmes' commitment to interdisciplinary research, innovation and leadership has held him in high esteem amongst his peers, the University and the broader research community. This is a great honour and acknowledgement of Professor Holmes' commitment and recognition of an outstanding career," he said.
The Royal Medals were founded by His Majesty King George IV in 1825 and are awarded annually by Her Majesty The Queen on the recommendation of the Council of the Royal Society. Professor Holmes will be presented with the Medal at the Royal Society's Anniversary Day meeting in November 2012.
In addition to his current appointments, Professor Holmes is a Director and Innovation Fellow of VESKI (Victorian Endowment for Science, Knowledge and Innovation) and Foreign Secretary of the Australian Academy of Science.
Professor Andrew Holmes is a Melbourne University Laureate Professor of Chemistry, based at the Bio21 Institute, a CSIRO Fellow and Distinguished Research Fellow at Imperial College, London. He is a Director and Innovation Fellow of VESKI.
Professor Holmes was an undergraduate at the University of Melbourne and completed a PhD degree with Professor Franz Sondheimer at University College London. He worked as a postdoctoral fellow on the final stages of the synthesis of vitamin B12 with Professor A Eschenmoser. He was at Cambridge for 32 years then moved to Imperial College from where he was given long term leave of absence to be seconded to the University of Melbourne.
In 2004, Professor Holmes returned to Victoria as an Australian Research Council Federation Fellow and inaugural VESKI Innovation Fellow at the University of Melbourne's Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute and at CSIRO.
Professor Holmes is a co-recipient of the Descartes Prize 2003. In May, 2000 he was elected Fellow of the Royal Society. He was appointed a Member of the Order of Australia in the Australia Day Honours List in 2004 and he was elected Fellow of the Australian Academy of Science in March 2006 and Fellow of the Australian Academy of Technological Sciences and Engineering in November 2006.
He is Foreign Secretary of the Australian Academy of Science. From 2000–2003 he was Chairman of the Editorial Board of Chemical Communications and he has been an Associate Editor of Organic Letters since April 2006. He is a member of the CSIRO Publishing Advisory Board.
Read more media releases in our Media section.
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CSIRO Fellow and Royal Medal recipient, Professor Andrew Holmes
The Mini-Labo printer allows you to print polymer-based solar cells on plastic. The printer is owned by the VICOSC Consortium and housed at CSIRO Clayton. Photo by Dr Noel Clark.
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Phone: +61 3 9545 8412
Alt Phone: +61 477 319 714
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text:
Low Back Tank
Daftbird takes the crazy way that women have to steal their boyfriends' ratty-old tees and creates broken-in coordinates all for their own keeping.
- 50% cotton 50% modal
- Styled with UNIF Reaper Short in Blue.
- Styled with gorjana Kaia Ring in Gold.
- Styled with gorjana Infinity II Ring in Rosegold.
- Styled with gorjana Star Ring Small in Gold.
- Styled with Low Luv x Erin Wasson Oceanus River Fish Ring in Silver.
- Styled with Marc by Marc Jacobs Bolt Tiny Bangle in Oro.
- Modeled in size S. See fit guide for model's dimensions.
- Revolve Style No. DAFT-WS362
- Manufacturer Style No. MT4015


text:
there are a couple of different reasons...
it started as CASH, which are my old initals w/ a C in from of them... and i always had $...
then ED was added cuz... cashing is what i did best x2
and 13 cuz well my heart is in the barrio.
gekkenhuis translated literally = crazyhouse
but it actually stands for "mental institution"
not that I've been in one of those.. more coz I'm just crazy and i love the songs from "Opgezwollen - Gekkenhuis" (its a Dutch hiphop song)
Tech N9ne 'Therapy' Available Now!
Prozak 'We All Fall Down' Available Now!
Krizz Kaliko 'Son of Sam' Now Available!
Stevie Stone '2 Birds 1 Stone' In Stores Now!
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CES Cru "Constant Energy Struggles" Purchase Now!
Kutt Calhoun "Black Gold" Album Now Available!
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¡MAYDAY! "Thrift Store Halos" EP Now Available!
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text:
Washington, DC Wednesday, July 25, 2012
After retiring from the Supreme Court, Justice Sandra Day O'Connor has advocated for more civics education, and argues that it will protect an independent judiciary.
Justice O'Connor highlighted the difference between judges who are appointed and elected, saying that any judge who must run for re-election will need to fundraise for that campaign, and that she believes that fundraising can have a corrupting effect on the judiciary. Chairman Patrick Leahy (D-VT) noted that in Vermont, as in the federal judiciary, judges are appointed by elected officials, which he believes is the best system.
The retired justice highlighted the system in her home state, Arizona, which allows elected officials to appoint judges, and then after a number of years, voters can decide whether to retain the judges. Justice O'Connor said that this allowed voters to assess judges on the basis of their judicial record rather than their previous jobs as lawyers or politicians.
Through her organization, iCivics, she has sought to stimulate student interest in civics. The iCivics program is available to teachers free of charge and focuses on analytical problem solving.
The Senate Judiciary Committee hears testimony from the retired justice on this program, and how it relates to creating and maintaining an independent judiciary.
Updated: Thursday, August 9, 2012 at 7:43am (ET)
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You're watching...
Battle for Senate Heats Up in Virginia
FBN's Ashley Webster on Virginia's political landscape
Nov 5, 2012
You're watching...
FBN's Ashley Webster on Virginia's political landscape
Nov 5, 2012
Also in this playlist...
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Springsteen are -- -- now to map grant NASA reps -- in Richmond Virginia where President Obama and Mitt Romney again dead heat for the State's thirteen electoral votes.
Also up for grabs is one of the state senate seats.
Coming down the -- -- and these this state that it tourists only goes red.
But went in 2008 when will know now what.
It's -- -- that's very astute to view Tracy to point that out in fact the demographics of Virginia have changed.
They population grew by some 10% according to the laid -- stole the last census and that is change the political landscape as well we have those.
Voters in the Northern Virginia suburbs that typically go into DC to work they tend to be more democratic -- -- we have the military on the eastern side of Virginia.
In the Hampton roads and Norfolk area and then to the west and south is the rural part of Virginia coal country which is very solidly for Mitt Romney but you mentioned the senate race we have Democrat Tim -- Against -- Republican George Allen a boy oh boy it is a definite.
Definite dead -- gonna come right down to the while we may not even though tonight who wins this rate race -- paid a lot of money put into it.
More than seventy million dollars when you include the campaign money themselves.
And then money from outside groups that's the -- second only to the presidential race so a lot of money.
There -- -- the Democrats look at this from live with regards to the senate that they can maintain its a majority in the senate.
Republicans look at this as a shock to perhaps shift the balance in the senate and as we say -- yeah.
The other amount of money being spent to the ads -- that we watch television here is just nonstop.
George Allen and Tim -- adverse right to -- -- and I spoke with local college student just a short time ago he works -- a hot dog joint just up the road and he said ironically said his political views -- covered by both candidates.
And I'm more fiscally conservative.
Side probably go with Georgia.
-- I don't want.
I don't want -- fiscally conservative policies to affects.
Virginia's standards.
I don't want to drop.
In any level health care education anything like that.
Even if it means -- -- -- last.
-- I'd rather prefer to pay more and have a higher quality.
Well they have it I'd rather pay more taxes for about a quality of life but I'm fiscally conservative and that is the conundrum it's a real real battle here for this senate -- By the way -- George Allen held a senate seat net loss did in 062.
Democrat Jim Webb.
He is now retiring and that is why the seat is up for grabs again will be here throughout the rest of today.
And of course the all important Election Day tomorrow thirteen electoral votes on the presidential side of things Tracy.
It could be pivotal I know -- -- Ohio but -- never know.
Both candidates of both parties that is campaigning -- in Virginia hoping to win those vital votes to -- gonna go right down to the -- back to you.
As soon as -- seven and I hope the voters of Virginia can think a little bit clear and then at York College friend and -- -- a sense that's.
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
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text:
Richard Halberg
MADISON, Wis. — A team of researchers at the University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center was the only group of scientists in Wisconsin to receive a grant from a new National Cancer Institute program aimed at answering "provocative questions."
Research scientist Richard Halberg, formerly of Princeton, oncologist William Schelman and surgeon Greg Kennedy will use a two-year $360,000 grant to investigate if there is a way to tell if non-malignant lesions found in a colonoscopy will progress to invasive or metastatic colorectal cancer.
The answer could help identify patients at higher risk for developing colon cancer at screening and could also reduce the need for aggressive treatment of such lesions if there is no risk of progression to cancer.
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3 Peugeot's For Sale
About Peugeot
The leading French car manufacturer, Peugeot is part of PSA Peugeot Citroën, the second largest carmaker in Europe. Over the years, Peugeot has gained success in international rallying, touring car and sports car racing. It also provided engines to Formula One teams. However, it had quit from racing after the 1902 Paris-Vienna rally where it was placed nineteenth. Peugeot returned to racing in 1912.
Peugeot's journey started 200 years ago. The Peugeot family was earlier into coffee grinder and bicycle manufacturing. The first Peugeot lion was designed in 1848 by Emile Peugeot. However, the company's first vehicle was produced in 1881.
In 1882, Emile's son Armand introduced Le Grand Bi penny-farthing (bicycle with a large front wheel and a much smaller rear wheel) and several other bicycle models.
The initial models of Peugeot cars were known by their Type numbers. Type 12 was created in 1895 when Peugeot became the first car manufacturer to incorporate solid rubber tires to a petrol-powered car.
The company started building its own engines from 1896. In the same year, Armand took a separate path and formed the Société Anonyme des Automobiles Peugeot.
Peugeot introduced a single cylinder Bébé (Baby) at the 1901 Paris Salon and became a style leader.
In 1903, the company started manufacturing motorcycles and also gained success in the car market in France. However, like most car companies, Peugeot forayed into arms and military vehicle production during the First World War.
In 1926, the car and bike companies parted ways and Cycles Peugeot was formed. Twenty four years later, Peugeot took over French automobile manufacturer Chenard-Walcker and also bought part of Hotchkiss.
From 1966, Peugeot worked with Renault. It collaborated with Volvo from 1972. Peugeot took over Citroën in 1975. To retain separate identities for both the brands, the joint company was called PSA (Peugeot Société Anonyme). After three years, PSA took over the European division of Chrysler and created a new brand called Talbot to sell the Chrysler/Simca range.
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text:
Was in town for a conference and this hotel was excellent. It was convenient to the highway (without having to hear the highway), close to plenty of restaurants, and a great value. The breakfast area was large and while the breakfast was the usual fare, there was plenty of it. I found the staff to be very friendly and helpful.... More
- Also Known As:
- Hampton Inn Rapid City Hotel Rapid City
- Hampton Inn Rapid City Hotel
- Rapid City Hampton Inn
- Reservation Options:
- TripAdvisor is proud to partner with Expedia, Booking.com, Hotels.com, Priceline, Hilton Hotels, Travelocity, Tingo, Venere and Otel so you can book your Hampton Inn Rapid City reservations with confidence. We help millions of travellers each month to find the perfect hotel for both holiday and business trips, always with the best discounts and special offers.


text:
DePauw drops SCAC doubleheader at Centre
April 9, 2004
Game one box score | Game two box score
Danville, Ky. - The Tigers dropped both ends of a Southern Collegiate Athletic Conference doubleheader at Centre by scores of 3-0 and 6-5. DePauw slipped to 11-18 overall and 2-4 in the SCAC, while the Colonels improved to 14-12 overall and 4-2 in the SCAC.
Leah Tufts hit a three-run homer in the first inning of game one to give Centre all it would need for the victory. In game two The Tigers scored three times in the third to take a 3-1 lead, but Centre came back with two in the bottom of the third and one in the fifth to regain the lead. DePauw again tied the contest with one in the sixth, but the Colonels scored the game-winner in the bottom of the seventh. Each team collected 10 hits.
Erin Grumley picked up both wins for the Colonels including a three-hit shutout in the first. Hillary Enyart suffered the loss in the first game despite allowing just four hits. Lauren Curosh took the defeat in the nightcap.
The two teams square off in a doubleheader on Saturday.
More details will be posted when available.


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E-Content: Opportunity and Risk
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Rita Kirshstein is the Director of the Delta Cost Project and a Managing Director at the American Institutes for Research. Jane Wellman is the Founding Director of the Delta Cost Project and t…


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chrischarliebrown, 05 October 2009 19:44
Fantastic weekend, yet again! Saturday night's fancy dress was the best! Rounded off with Steve Ferringo on Sunday night, yet again, he rocked into the early hours. Roll on April!
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text: The atmosphere at Revas, with its marina view and ambience, is divine! The friendly service was a blessing compared to soo many nowadays. Our favourite dishes are the mussel ones but there fish special which is always changing, is always top notch. The menu is diverse enough to cover most tastes. Although a reasonably limited wine selection, they are nice... More


text:
Category: The Spotlight
Bellarmine Students Know Economic Fix Is Up To Them
The typical number most college students fret about is their student loan debt.
The Priceless Gift of Time
The first time Karen Long met Charles Morris they went to see a play, something they both greatly enjoyed.
Quit Telling Me That
"Journalism is a dying industry." As an undergraduate studying journalism and an aspirant employee in the industry, I hear those words, or some form of them, every day.
Sixteen-Year-Old Stands Out and Stands Up for M.S.
Since her mother was diagnosed with Multiple Sclerosis (M.S.) seven-and-a-half years ago, Ellie McDearman, now a junior at North Oldham High School and an Ambassador Girl Scout with Troop 884, has grown into an exemplary young woman racing for a cause.
Big Four Bridge Bares It All
Since the Big Four's opening in February of 2013 it has played host to numerous events in its first year.
A Louisville Actor Follows His Dream
The young aspiring actor gets off the bus in Hollywood and realizes he has no idea what to do next.
The Drive To End Hunger
YUM! Brands is most commonly known for their secret fried chicken recipe, their delicious pizza and their south-of-the-border late night snacks.


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Singer Kailash Kher has a pretty temple housed in the aangan of his bungalow. Debarati S Sen meets up with him
Small temples or puja areas inside homes are quite common in our country. One usually designates an area or part of a home, to house some form of divinity irrespective of the caste or creed one belongs to. Talented musician Kailash Kher too, has allocated a reasonably large area in his house for the Lord.


text:
Major Rowan County Landmark
A FIVE-STORY FORMER FLOUR and FEED MILL in Salisbury, North Carolina, burned down Wednesday night / Thursday morning in a 5-alarm blaze that kept at least eight Rowan County fire departments busy all night. Many units are still on the scene as this article is being posted mopping up the numerous spot fires remaining.
The Grimes Mill has been occupied for the past 30 years by the Historic Salisbury Foundation who operated a vibrant museum as well as a community center in the 117-yr.-old landmark.
WCNC-TV is telling us this morning:
Dispatchers said that the first 911 call came in around 9:40 p.m. and crews arrived to find the building–built in 1896–fully engulfed. The five-story building has been owned by the Historic Salisbury Foundation since 1982 and hosted several events throughout the year as well as tours.
"It's a very historic structure for our community," said Salisbury spokeswoman Elaney Hasselmann. "It is one of the oldest Victorian structures in the state of this magnitude. We have a very active historic society here…and they do great things in our community for history preservation," Hasselman added. "This is one of their gems."
Salisbury Post / Fisher
The Salisbury Post adds:
Doug Black, vice president of the Historic Salisbury Foundation, said he and volunteers had been working at the mill until about 4:30 p.m. Wednesday. They were preparing for school tours that were expected to start in the coming months. "When we left, everything was turned off, everything was locked up," said Black, watching as ladder trucks slowly doused the flames.
Asked whether a trespasser might have started the fire, Black said there had been problems with vagrants in Grimes Mill in the past, "but not for months now, maybe as long as a year. We just hope no one was hurt," Black said.
Although flour dust can be very flammable when airborne, Black said there was not enough flour residue left inside after 30 years to start a fire. "We always told the fire department, if ever there is a blaze, don't go in. It's kindling."
Nearby, foundation treasurer Ed Clement looked on, sorrowful. "A lot of history lost," Clement said. "There was still original, working machinery in there."
The Grimes Mill prior to yesterday. (MillPictures.com photo)
The Salisbury Post has the full STORY.
The Charlotte Observer has MORE.
* * * * * * *


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Something for the weekend
BRIAN ROBINSON, PIONEER - The official launch of Graeme Fife's book Brian Robinson, Pioneer took place on Wednesday at Look Mum No Hands cycle café in London. Robinson, the first British racer to break into continental racing and win stages of the Tour, was there alongside Fife and former British racing heavyweight, Sean Yates. The book is available here.
LAMBORGHINI RACER - Speed Bicycles has a beautiful collection of racers, including a special edition titanium Lamborghini (made by Speedwell of Birmingham).
BIG RING RIDING is a shrine to the big hitters and psychopathic spinners of cycle racing. Both humorous, vulgar and to the point, if you haven't visited already, have a look.
THE FUTURE OF MAGAZINES? – Richard Branson's new iPad venture suggests magazines are taking on a whole new form.
SADDLE HEIGHT - Eddy Merckx would obsess over the dimensions of his stem and seat post and fettle on the fly. It was to alleviate his chronic back pains, which seems to make the Cannibal even more legendary.
WOOL and ROLLERS – if the roads really are too icy, ride hard in the garage instead.
The FAEMA E61 - The coffee machine for cannibals.
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- Congrats to yesterday's Alpe d'Quiz winner Ben Wooliscroft who won a pair of Rapha GT Shoes. Today's prize draw → http://t.co/h4frOXDYma
- RT @michaeltabtabai: @rapharacing #oneoftheseplease Custom Carter handmade chefs knife made here in Oregon by Mastersmith Murray Carter htt…
- @Johnlovesbikes they are in transit and should be here later this week. Thanks for checking in, sorry for the delay.
- RT @tubbytrotter: Yay! I've just won the stunning @rapharacing Womens softshell in the brilliant #AlpedQuiz bring on the winter weather htt…


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Günstige Unterkünfte Pensionen Asien Indonesien Bandung
End of 2012 in Bandung and Jakarta
Sunrise in Bandung taken fron TBC Hotel 291212 (4) 5. BTC Hotel entrance on top floor of the mall 301212 (1) Taking a rest at a store in Bandung 291212 Disappointed that the trip to Komodo Island was cancelled due to rough weather, I opted to go to Jakarta and Bandung instead with 4 other ...
Posted in It's Never too Late by zuraidaharahman
Bandung, West Java
headed to Bandung which is Indonesia's third largest city. The three hour minibus trip (which actually ...
Posted in Tales of the Shaman Wanderer by Shaman Wanderer
Bandung (West Java Trip)
to Bandung City. (..in the bus to Gambir.. They were quite comfortable, and the aircondition works well ...
Posted in on foot, on planes, on buses or trains by cyrus43


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News Releases by Email
October 05, 2012
Oct. 13-14 in Naples, with an optional excursion on Oct. 12.
Anglers offered incentives for catching, releasing trophy-size largemouth bass.
FWC Facts:The Saltwater Fishing "Hot Sheet" gives the latest regulatory information for state and federal waters, as well as season updates and other current events in Marine Fisheries.
Learn More at AskFWC


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LAKE CITY—Members of city council voted last week to begin the process of changing the town's name to Rocky Top.
However, there is a potential stumbling block.
LaFOLLETTE—Ethan Napier loved to play the drums. He was a 15-year-old freshman in the Campbell County High School marching band when he passed Nov. 4.
LaFOLLETTE—Two men and two women were arrested late last week after police say they were involved in making meth.
• Jerry A. Holt — 636 Wright Street, Jellico, aggravated burglary, theft less than $500
• Eric Cecil King — 351 Highway 90, Morley, capias/bench warrant


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Friday gold puzzle – can you crack it?
Here's a little gold puzzle for you to ponder as you're getting ready for the weekend. See if you can figure it out.
U.S. stocks decline as economic data fuel Fed stimulus speculation
U.S. stocks declined a fifth day after improving economic data boosted bets the Federal Reserve will curb its monthly bond purchases sooner than estimated.
Canada dollar rises first time in 5 days on bets loses overdone
The Canadian dollar appreciated for the first time in five days, rising from a more than three-year low, amid speculation employment growth may suggest stronger economic improvement than the Bank of Canada indicated.
This Iran deal is done, so focus on the bigger one to come
The focus of the Iran deal should now turn to forging a permanent agreement to prevent Iran from ever obtaining nuclear weapons.