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The Top Ten Daily Consequences of Having Evolved
From hiccups to wisdom teeth, the evolution of homo sapiens has left behind some glaring, yet innately human, imperfections
- By Rob Dunn
- Smithsonian.com, November 19, 2010, Subscribe
Natural selection acts by winnowing the individuals of each generation, sometimes clumsily, as old parts and genes are co-opted for new roles. As a result, all species inhabit bodies imperfect for the lives they live. Our own bodies are worse off than most simply because of the many differences between the wilderness in which we evolved and the modern world in which we live. We feel the consequences every day. Here are ten.
1. Our cells are weird chimeras
Perhaps a billion years ago, a single-celled organism arose that would ultimately give rise to all of the plants and animals on Earth, including us. This ancestor was the result of a merging: one cell swallowed, imperfectly, another cell. The predator provided the outsides, the nucleus and most of the rest of the chimera. The prey became the mitochondrion, the cellular organ that produces energy. Most of the time, this ancient symbiosis proceeds amicably. But every so often, our mitochondria and their surrounding cells fight. The result is diseases, such as mitochondrial myopathies (a range of muscle diseases) or Leigh's disease (which affects the central nervous system).
2. Hiccups
The first air-breathing fish and amphibians extracted oxygen using gills when in the water and primitive lungs when on land—and to do so, they had to be able to close the glottis, or entryway to the lungs, when underwater. Importantly, the entryway (or glottis) to the lungs could be closed. When underwater, the animals pushed water past their gills while simultaneously pushing the glottis down. We descendants of these animals were left with vestiges of their history, including the hiccup. In hiccupping, we use ancient muscles to quickly close the glottis while sucking in (albeit air, not water). Hiccups no longer serve a function, but they persist without causing us harm—aside from frustration and occasional embarrassment. One of the reasons it is so difficult to stop hiccupping is that the entire process is controlled by a part of our brain that evolved long before consciousness, and so try as you might, you cannot think hiccups away.
3. Backaches
The backs of vertebrates evolved as a kind of horizontal pole under which guts were slung. It was arched in the way a bridge might be arched, to support weight. Then, for reasons anthropologists debate long into the night, our hominid ancestors stood upright, which was the bodily equivalent of tipping a bridge on end. Standing on hind legs offered advantages—seeing long distances, for one, or freeing the hands to do other things—but it also turned our backs from an arched bridge to an S shape. The letter S, for all its beauty, is not meant to support weight and so our backs fail, consistently and painfully.
4. Unsupported intestines
Once we stood upright, our intestines hung down instead of being cradled by our stomach muscles. In this new position, our innards were not as well supported as they had been in our quadrupedal ancestors. The guts sat atop a hodgepodge of internal parts, including, in men, the cavities in the body wall through which the scrotum and its nerves descend during the first year of life. Every so often, our intestines find their way through these holes—in the way that noodles sneak out of a sieve—forming an inguinal hernia.
5. Choking
In most animals, the trachea (the passage for air) and the esophagus (the passage for food) are oriented such that the esophagus is below the trachea. In a cat's throat, for example, the two tubes run roughly horizontal and parallel to each other before heading on to the stomach and lung, respectively. In this configuration, gravity tends to push food down toward the lower esophagus. Not so in humans. Modifications of the trachea to allow speech pushed the trachea and esophagus further down the throat to make way. Simultaneously, our upright posture put the trachea and esophagus in a near-vertical orientation. Together these changes leave falling food or water about a 50-50 chance of falling in the "wrong tube." As a consequence, in those moments in which the epiglottis does not have time to cover the trachea, we choke. We might be said to choke on our success. Monkeys suffer the same fate only rarely, but then again they can't sing or dance. Then again, neither can I.
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Related topics: Evolution
Comments (220) |
For the people who don't understand (such as Dawn) and those who will nod along to her questions: There is one simple misunderstanding. Evolution isn't a conscious force moving us towards being perfect beings. Evolution works when unadaptive traits start to weed out those among the species that have them. Why do we still have skin cancer (or any diseases, for that matter)? Well, there are multiple reasons, but there are two important ones. First, viruses and cancers are all forms of life themselves, and they evolve to survive like we have. It's like asking why are there still tigers and lions and other animals that can kill us. Evolution doesn't favor humans, it favors any life that can survive. Secondly, evolution doesn't eliminate every 'negative' trait, only those that are maladaptive to procreation. Hence why are bodies shutdown in old age. There is no process that will weed out the common symptoms of old age because by that point most in the species will have already reproduced, thus ensuring the continuation of those particular genetic symptoms. We lost our fur because it led to disease that killed our young. Skin cancer, however, generally doesn't affect people until later in life, so we never evolved an adaptation that would eliminate it (or, rather, someone might have been born with such a mutation, but because it wasn't any more beneficial for procreation, it didn't overwhelm the status quo of our genetics). These are simplifications and a lot more detail could be given, but this should at least answer Dawn's (and the like-minded) questions.
Posted by Lyttleton on January 25,2013 | 12:43 PM
Well, since the comments are going down this road...Evolution just makes more sense than creationism. Scientific evidence > 2000 year old book.
Posted by Kevin on March 29,2012 | 01:51 PM
Dawn, why are we not evolving to protect against skin cancer, etc.? I don't think you understand how long these changes take.
Look for instance at the example about losing our hair. People did not in a few generations decide--it's hot. We'll have less hair when we are born now. Somehow our bodies will know and make the children this way.
Instead, over thousands of years, people will less hair lived longer because it was less likely they would get diseases from fleas and ticks. Those people had more children because they lived longer. Eventually, the hair characteristic was bred out.
We are evolving--some kids are being born without useless little toes,and Tibetans have developed slightly more dilate blood vessels to combat the cold over 3,000 years and that's pretty fast for this stuff. It takes so long to get to a significant difference you will not see it.
Posted by Paula on March 14,2012 | 06:11 PM
Dawn, evolution is not process of hundreds years, but a process of hundreds of thousands of years.
Posted by IE on February 25,2012 | 11:10 AM
Dawn's comments are very revealing. Maybe we are closer to a species divergence than we realize. The last time this happened was 200,000 years ago with the emergence of homo sapiens. It cannot be a coincidence that this was also a time of huge climate change. May I suggest homo scientiens and homo superstitiens?
Posted by Upright N. Grateful on January 30,2012 | 08:49 AM
I think Dawn's comment is very revealing. Perhaps we are closer to a species divergence than we realize. The last time this happened was 200,000 years ago, again accompanied by a major climate change. I don't think we can ignore the coincidence. Can I suggest homo scientifiens and homo superstitiens?
Posted by Upright N. Grateful on January 29,2012 | 11:41 AM
You guys are fighting for nothing i believe God made us! I think that the theory of evolutions is fasinating!BUT Get this God made us i am with John Gilbert
Posted by Selena on January 24,2012 | 10:45 PM
Oh brother! What an unscientific load of rubbish.
Posted by Cass on November 28,2011 | 02:54 AM
The last part of #2 is false. I routinely suppress hiccups by thought alone. It has become almost automatic; by the time I notice I have hiccups, I have usually suppressed them already.
Posted by Andrew on November 25,2011 | 07:26 PM
I think this article is a joke for real! it is a stretched to believe any of this. My question when I see the picture along with the article is, what is the next step? Why are we not evolving? of course you would say that our enviroment is inhibiting us, but really if we were evolving to our bodies would be crippled, from a bridge shaped spine as the article suggested to a S and then it would continue on to a C, is that not correct?? and what happens to our skin after we have lost our hairy exterior??? I guess you would say elemental damage like sunburn or cancer. Why would our body not evolve with another protective layer? Just a thought
Posted by Dawn on November 24,2011 | 01:01 PM
I am fond of the theory that we have descended from aquatic apes who lived near and utilized streams, lakes, and seas. Why do we stand on two legs? To see a greater distance in a savanna means such primates could also be seen by predators from greater distances. Moving about in water on two legs to keep their heads above water sounds possible to me.
Articles on the "Aquatic Ape Hypothesis" can be found by searching...
Posted by G. Dempsey on November 20,2011 | 04:08 AM
To Coert,
To what Darwinian stereotype that evolution promotes racism are you speaking of. This idea is an aspect of social darwinism and had nothing to do with Darwin or human evolution.
Most scientist in this field would agree that the differences between different races are so minute that they are almost irrelevant to any real discussion beyond identifying migration patterns.
p.s. If this picture represents a timescale then only the last figure would be a member of our species. The others would not even be subject to the term race.
Posted by Seth on November 17,2011 | 07:15 PM
I really enjoyed reading this article. Lovely, humourously told science, is a pleasure to read.
Interesting point about the 1930s nutritional research that a reader mentioned in relation to wisdom teeth. That was the one I hadn't heard before in the article, which leads me down the garden path of further enquiry to confirm or deny... Maybe I should've been a scientist. Maybe I still can be. Maybe we all are. Big brains are wonderful.
Posted by Lyn-K Saunders on August 24,2011 | 07:35 PM
Hrmm I have to say that I'm a little skeptical of #8. I thought that there are archaelogical finds of recent ancestor skulls full of healthy, straight teeth, without occlusion. I perceive today's epidemic of malocclusion as having modern malnutrition as the cause, not evolution. Shrug.
Posted by Ed on August 22,2011 | 10:48 PM


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Christopher BlackwellAs most of the wealthy pay less taxMon May 14, 2012 7:17pm126.96.36.199Tinfoil, Please explain why taxing the rich less than the middle class is a good thing. Note our high level of unemployment and barely moving economy shows that taxing the rich less has not helped America but has bankrupted America.
I agree. What a nutcase. Tinfoil, Mon May 14 2:26pm'Tax the rich' only appeals to ignorant,low class gutter tramps. That's been true since the founding of America,until now. Now it's popular because approx 50% of Americans are too stupid to find... more
It's the divide and conquer tactic of these RthB, Tue May 15 10:04amevil democrat bastid liars. Don't they realize we will counter attack? RthB
Been a Republican tactic allmy life. Christopher Blackwell , Tue May 15 8:23pmRthB, The Republican Party, the Forth Reich. Tens of thousands of Nazi descendants have gained control of the Republican Party.
These people are EVERY BIT the same mind as the sT, Tue May 15 9:55pmTHUG FOLLOWERS in NAZI GERMANY! U have been DIVIDING this country for DECADES! sT, Tue May 15 5:15pmU created the problem with all of the IDIOT WARS - VIETNAM, DRUG WAR, IRAQ & NOW U WANT TO ROB THE POOR! EAT SHIT & DIE, ASSHOLE!
- As most of the wealthy pay less tax Christopher Blackwell , Mon May 14 7:17pm
Nope! RthB, Tue May 15 10:09amAll should pay taxes. The middle class is being eliminated because: 1. They are lazy 2. They are litigious 3. They have become immoral. 4. Their work is extremely poor quality 5. They have no real... more
No shortage of all that among the weathy Christopher Blackwell , Tue May 15 8:16pmRthB, Consider how many of the wealthy inherited their wealth, like the Republican presidential candidate. Even Bill Gates Parents were as rich as the Ford Car Family. Sorry but in every culture the... more U ARE krazy! PRISONS are the problem & u cons sT, Tue May 15 4:59pmCAUSED THEM TO BE FILLED WITH YOUR STUPID DRUG WAR IN TOTAL VIOLATION OF OUR 9TH AMENDMENT CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS! IRAQ & DRUG WAR IS THE CORRUPTION THAT U IDIOT CONS GAVE US! EAT SHIT & DIE, AZZHOLE! California's bankrupt.. Tinfoil, Tue May 15 9:26am..NOT because of our TAX situation but because of our SPEND situation. Public service unions own the state government. The rest of us citizens are screwed. Let California fail. That's the only... more
SPENT on PRISONS thanks to RAYgun sT, Tue May 15 9:56pmESCALATED DRUG WAR!
True... Truthteller, Wed May 16 8:06amand that's why they let "celebrity" inmates like Lindsay Lohan walk free---they say it's due to "overcrowding." I'll bet if they freed all the non-violent drug offenders there would be PLENTY of room ... more
Gov. Jerry Brown backtracks on plan to phase out the state's sT, Wed May 16 9:08amyouth prison system. Annual costs per inmate at about $200,000. http://www.insidebayarea.com/california/ci_20631280/gov-jerry-brown-backtracks-plan-phase-out-states Drug War BANKRUPTS CALIFORNIA, AND ... more That's "The Tax Lie that Won't Die". SES, Tue May 15 7:27amMost of the wealthy pay MORE in taxes than anyone else. Stop repeating that favorite lie of the "Class Warfare Left". "To put it in numbers, according to the analysis, the top 1 percent of earners... more
As they own 85% of all the wealth Christopher Blackwell , Tue May 15 8:28pmSES, They should pay most of the taxes in this country. It makes more sense that trying to float the government on the back of the other 15% of the wealth, while the wealthy can use their money to... more
And they DO pay most of the taxes in this country. SES, Tue May 15 9:21pmWhat was your point? [as if you had one]
They pay WAY too LITTLE no matter how u cut & sT, Tue May 15 9:58pmSPIN it! Blame the bush tax cuts for what EVERY1 pays or NOT. sT, Tue May 15 8:37amUBER-RICH pay LOWER tax RATES than the middle class. GIVE IT UP, MORON!
Go ahead. Keep lying. SES, Tue May 15 8:41amRead the report, Moron. The lowest fifth of earners pay, on average, 16 percent of their income in taxes. The top fifth pay a bit more than 30 percent of their income in taxes. Now you can just stfu. ... more
Ones who call other liarsoften are. (nm) Christopher Blackwell , Tue May 15 8:30pm RATES set by bush Tax CUTS. sT, Tue May 15 8:45amRATES, MORON , RATES!
In total tax burden...the total amount paid in taxes... SES, Tue May 15 8:51am...the rich pay WAY more, as a RATE , than the poor. Moron.
Their INDIVIDUAL tax rates are much LOWER than middle class, sT, Tue May 15 9:02amIDIOT.
Math Lessons for Morons. SES, Tue May 15 9:17amRead the report instead of being a moron. On average the top fifth INDIVIDUALLY pay a bit more than 30 percent of their income in taxes. On average the lowest fifth INDIVIDUALLY pay 16 percent of... more
U IGNORED what the middle class paid & u ignored S.S., sT, Tue May 15 9:41ambush Tax Cuts gave US ALL the rates that U MORONS complain about, MORON.
Actually, if you could read you'd know I didn't. SES, Tue May 15 10:26amYou just can't face the FACT that, as a percentage of income paid in ALL taxes, the rich pay a higher rate than the middle, which pays a higher rate than the poor. Which is just as you think it... more
These re NOT individual rates: sT, Tue May 15 10:36am'"To put it in numbers, according to the analysis, the top 1 percent of earners account for 20.3 percent of total personal income in the United States and pay 21.5 percent of all federal and state... more
Yeah. They are. SES, Tue May 15 10:58amOn average the top fifth INDIVIDUALLY pay a bit more than 30 percent of their income in taxes. On average the lowest fifth INDIVIDUALLY pay 16 percent of their income in taxes.
ABSOLUTE LIE! sT, Tue May 15 4:50pmEFFECTIVE Tax Rates are NOT EITHER of those %'s.
Yeah, the total individual tax burden... SES, Tue May 15 8:49pm...on the top fifth is almost TWICE the total individual tax burden on the lower fifth. Sorry to piss on your flowers, but those are the facts, Moron.
Top "fifth" is top 20%. Top 1% pay much LESS, sT, Tue May 15 10:00pmIDIOT!
NOTE: romney: sT, Wed May 16 8:59am"This very top income group actually has a lower average effective income tax rate than the rest of the top 1 percent of returns because these extremely high-income returns are more likely to have... more Prove it. SES, Wed May 16 6:11amYou're wrong. Again. As usual. Moron.
1/5 = 20%; math too hard for u. sT, Wed May 16 8:26amSo is thinking; if ROYALIST FIXEDnewsCORP doesn't SPOON FEED U, U are LOST! % Mania Robert, Tue May 15 4:34amChristopher, the rich pay a great deal more actual dollars in taxes than the middle class, however since at some levels the percentage is less, people incorrectly exclaim---"they are paying... more
IT IS the drug war that caused the problems; THAT is the sT, Tue May 15 5:04pmsocial engineering that has caused ALL OF THE PROBLEMS! QUIT TRYING TO HANG IT ON EVERY1 ELSE, U BASSTURD! What then is the problem wondering, Tue May 15 8:54amin all these European countries? Did they all just spend too much and not take in enough taxes to cover that spending? So the solution now is to cut spending and raise taxes, right? Pay down the... more
Cause of PIGS failure? Robert, Tue May 15 10:29amHere's precisely what caused it---Socialism. Their citizens have relied on the government dole so long as to believe it's their right to continue to receive it, no matter what. This is called... more
FLAT taxes for the RICH & drug prisons caused the problem, sT, Tue May 15 5:08pm& I am SICK & TIRED OF U CONS TRYING TO BLAME THE POOR! What is your solution? wondering, Tue May 15 10:50amEnd medicare, medicaid, SS, unemployment benefits, minimum wage, cut spending, cut taxes.... The housing bubble was caused by greed. Many made a killing while the prices were going up. It was only a... more
My solution Robert, Tue May 15 12:03pmCheck the math wondering. The greed factor in the housing crisis has no fuel to burn without the banks being forced to grant loans to people with basically zero qualifications for said loans. No CRA... more
Why do U IGNORE prison population sT, Tue May 15 4:53pmBANKRUPTING OUR STATE & OUR NATION? U CONS are REALLY KRAZY, ALWAYS TRYING TO PIN THE PROBLEM ON THE POOR! U ARE REALLY SCUMBAGS TO KEEP DOING IT, U KNOW! That is just not true. wondering, Tue May 15 12:37pmBanks were not "forced" to grant loans. They did it all too willingly because they were profitting on the boom. I see very little solution that you have offered other than the usual rhetoric. It's... more
It's absolutely true wondering Robert, Tue May 15 1:01pmThe image of Janet Reno on national TV is still very clear in my mind---"If you (banks) don't loan per the CRA guidelines, we will hunt you down and prosecute you." Look it up, you can probably find... more
Legalize, REGULATE & Tax Drugs & our prison system would sT, Tue May 15 5:21pmSHRINK & our financial problems would be INsignificant. PROHIBITION NEVER works & VIOLATES our U.S. CONSTITUTION! PRISON POPULATION is CA's financial problem! sT, Tue May 15 4:56pmDRUG WAR WAS ESCALATED BY NIXON & REAGAN & THE REST OF U CONS! THANKS FOR BANKRUPTING OUR STATES & NATION & NOW U WANT TO PIN THE TROUBLES ON THE POOR! MORONS! No, it isn't. wondering, Tue May 15 2:04pmA convenient scapegoat, but it just isn't true. From Wiki: "Alleged relation to 2008 financial crisisSee also: Subprime mortgage crisis and Global financial crisis of 20082009 Economist Stan... more
Wiki!? Really!? Robert, Wed May 16 4:34amC'mon wondering, no matter what your bias, don't be a victim of shoddy research, ok? Look, the math is overwhelming on this issue---no, the relatively small number of absolutely ridiculous loans did... more
Now try to tell US how bush never BRAGGED about HIS sT, Wed May 16 9:11am"OWNERSHIP SOCIETY!" Who is guilty? wondering, Wed May 16 8:49amThe answer would be both. Your article is very misleading right from the get-go, saying that homeownership was "forced" on people who could not afford it. That is simply not true. No one was forced... more
"both" = convenient for liberals Robert, Wed May 16 9:34amSequence matters wondering. No food and the cat doesn't eat, ok? Does a hungry cat simply choose to eat? Does a homebuyer who can afford a $100,000 home simply refuse to buy a $200,000 home when it's ... more
Ridiculous wondering, Wed May 16 10:20amI can't believe that you would actually believe what you are saying. There are many things that have contributed to the global recession. One big factor is the global market that has taken jobs... more
Size matters wondering Robert, Wed May 16 10:52amit's ridiculous only if you ignore the math.
Whose math? wondering, Fri May 18 6:02amYour math? "Conservatives" math? That you try to place all the blame on "liberals" for a global recession shows your bias and your blindness.
Let's add it up Robert, Fri May 18 8:02amWell documented math, as in the Congressional Budget Office's math, ok? Now that we got that cleared up, I'm not claiming the housing bubble is the only cause of the current recession. It is... more
Where is the math? wondering, Fri May 18 10:43amI know it all seems simple to you, but it isn't. It would be easy to pull numbers from here or there and then draw conclusions, but it just isn't that simple. If it makes you sleep better to think... more Oops, forgot Robert, Wed May 16 11:11amfor your edification. http://www.doctorhousingbubble.com/first-ever-global-housing-led-recession-one-out-of-eight-american-mortgage-holders-either-late-or-in-forec Greenspan lowered FedDiscountRate to 1% w/bush's nudge & sT, Wed May 16 9:38amTHEN JACKED UP FED DISCOUNT RATE TO MORE THAN 6% in 2006 CAUSING THE HOUSING BUST! QUIT FREAKING IGNORING REALITY, ROBERT! Remember when cheney'sBUSH was BRAGGING about his sT, Tue May 15 5:01pm"OWNERSHIP SOCIETY?" CONS ARE SUCH LIARS & DECEIVERS! Robert, PIGGS have FLAT Tax Rates for MULTImillionaires& sT, Tue May 15 10:45amBILLIONAIRES starting @ about 70,000 Euros. THAT is their problem. Quit trying to blame EVERYTHING on "SOCIALISM." 1 solution NOT being discussed on CNBC or FIXEDnewsCORP: sT, Tue May 15 9:07amhttp://stopthedrugwar.org/chronicle/2011/aug/12/greek_government_proposes_drug_d The UberRich pay a lesser RATE than the middle class. sT, Tue May 15 8:39amQuit trying to defend them. They UberRich pay a lesser RATE than the middle class. sT, Tue May 15 8:38amQuit trying to defend them. Succinctly stated and true History, Tue May 15 6:09amHowever, the psychology of half our politicians and many in society have changed from that which the founding fathers established and which guided the development of our nation for its first one and... more
Respectfully Disagree... Amadeus, Thu May 17 12:51pmThe tax rate is very relevant. Moreso than the raw amount that a person pays. Example: Dan is pretty poor. He makes $20k per year and pays $5K in taxes. Darren is filthy rich. He makes $20 million... more
Math is incorrect. Know your tax rates History, Sat May 19 12:32pmThe income tax for Dan is 0-5.7% and for Darren (blessedly rich) it is 35%. Thus for an income of $20K Dan pays $1k in taxes. And for an income of $20M, Darren pays $7M in taxes. The capital gain tax ... more 1% OWN 99% of wealth & pay LOWER tax rates than middle class sT, Tue May 15 8:43amWe became the MOST PROSPEROUS NATION ON THIS PLANET EVER WHEN WE TAPPED INTO THE WEALTH OF THE UBER-RICH. & HAVE LOST MUCH GROUND SINCE U CONS SLASHED their RATES to less than 15%, if U include S.S.
Untrue. Passion should not justify untruths History, Tue May 15 12:23pmMaking false statements undermines anyone's cause. Making false statements against any group is an example of prejudice. No different than hating blacks, asians, muslims, Jews, gays, etc. Per... more
& EVERY1 here but me IGNORES the waste of our Drug War on sT, Tue May 15 5:25pmour PRISON SYSTEM that IS BANKRUPTING our STATES & NATION!
Another lie. Liar. SES, Wed May 16 11:59amYou probably don't recall all of the discussions we've had on here where many of us DO support legalizing marijuana or at the least not making possession for personal use a crime worthy of... more
Yet U vote for those who push for the HARSHEST PENALTIES! (nm) sT, Wed May 16 4:49pm Yet U vote for those push for the HARSHEST PENALTIES! (nm) sT, Wed May 16 4:48pm You can lead a moron to the facts... SES, Tue May 15 11:15am...but you can't make 'em drink: "The current structure of tax brackets has rates that start at 10 percent of income at the low end and rise to 35 percent for the highest earners. In the middle are... more
U WASTE tax $ posting here defending the rich who doN'T need sT, Tue May 15 5:12pmyour support. U are an IDIOT! Yep Robert, Tue May 15 12:07pmI've posted the actual tax rates and amounts collected by income brackets for him several times. His retarded reply is always----PERCENTAGES!
If U understood PERCENTAGES, U would understand WHY! (nm) sT, Wed May 16 9:15am It's an interesting Liberal anomaly the way they argue taxes SES, Tue May 15 12:17pmWhen they're arguing that "the rich" don't pay enough, ALL they want to argue about is Federal Income Taxes. They totally ignore the other taxes that "the rich" pay. But when you state the fact that... more
Thank your bush Tax Cuts that the poor don't pay income sT, Tue May 15 5:06pmtaxes. QUIT BLAMING OTHERS FOR HIS STUPIDITY! Liar. No they don't. (nm) SES, Tue May 15 11:09am He caN'T do it, because it has NEVER been true. (nm) sT, Mon May 14 7:50pmReligion and Ethics BBS


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By Ray Charles. By Hoagy Carmichael. Arranged by Michael Sweeney. Score & Parts. Discovery Jazz. Grade 1-2. Published by Hal Leonard
Genres: Standards, Jazz & Blues
(P/V/G). By Norah Jones. Clavisoft. Book & Disk Package. 88 pages. Published by Yamaha
Pages: 88
Genres: Jazz & Blues
Linus and Lucy by Vince Guaraldi. Arranged by Robert W. Smith. Concert Band. Concert Band. Beginning Band. Contemporary; TV. Grade 1. Conductor Score & Parts. 63 pages. Published by Alfred Music Publishing (AP.2942LB8X).
ISBN 0757933793. Contemporary; TV.
Our favorite cartoon characters never grow old! Charlie Brown and Company, may you live forever!
Pages: 63
Genres: Jazz & Blues, Film & TV
I Just Can't Wait to Be King by Elton John/Tim Rice. Arranged by Gordon Goodwin. Jazz Ensemble. Jazz Ensemble. Gordon Goodwin Series. Movie. Grade 5. Conductor Score & Parts. 76 pages. Duration 6:42:00. Published by Alfred Music Publishing (AP.24867).
From the Disney movie Lion King, Gordon Goodwin has crafted a jazz shuffle that goes and then goes even more. A showcase for alto and trumpet with a unison melody line and solo space for each player. Plenty of energy, zip, attitude and a hot shout chorus section. This chart ROARS.
Pages: 76
Genres: Jazz & Blues, Film & TV
Summertime by George Gershwin (1898-1937). For Orchestra. Swiss import. Grade 3.5. Published by Editions Marc Reift (MA.EMR-4792).
Genres: Classical, Standards, Jazz & Blues
By Duke Ellington. Arranged by Roger Holmes. Easy Jazz Combo. Grade 2. Book only. Published by Hal Leonard
Genres: Jazz & Blues, Standards, Swing
Take My Breath Away by Irving Berlin. Arranged by Frank Bernaerts. For Brass Band. Also on the Bernaerts CD: World Hits 3. Film music, pop music, solo pieces. Medium. Score and set of parts. Duration 3:13. Published by Bernaerts Music (B1.920014-BRB).
Theme from the motion picture "Top Gun". Flugelhorn Solo.
Genres: Jazz & Blues, Pop, Film & TV, Standards
By Paul Desmond, Dave Brubeck, and Iola Brubeck. Arranged by adapted and arr. Kirby Shaw. Choir Secular. This edition: Accompaniment CD. Choral Octavo. CD. Published by Alfred Music Publishing
Instruments: Choir, Vocal
Genres: Jazz & Blues
Paris Holds the Key (To Your Heart) (From the Twentieth Century-Fox Motion Picture Anastasia). Arranged by Dave Wolpe. Jazz Ensemble. Jazz Ensemble. Jazz Band Series. Movie. Grade 3. Conductor Score & Parts. 98 pages. Duration 2:14. Published by Alfred Music Publishing (AP.JE9767).
This lush ballad from the soundtrack to the marvelous animated feature film Anastasia is beautifully arranged by Dave Wolpe. Dave really knows how to make a chart 'sing,' and this is no exception. Your group will want to play this one! (2:14).
Pages: 98
Genres: 20th Century, Jazz & Blues, Film & TV, Classical
Journey to the Past (From the Twentieth Century-Fox Motion Picture Anastasia). Arranged by Roy Phillippe. Jazz Ensemble. Jazz Ensemble. First Year Charts for Jazz Ensemble. Movie. Grade 1.5. Conductor Score & Parts. 72 pages. Duration 1:52. Published by Alfred Music Publishing (AP.JE9768).
We are proud to present this selection from the soundtrack to the marvelous animated feature film Anastasia. Roy Phillippe's easy treatment of this beautiful ballad is the perfect way to give your jazz ensemble the opportunity to play today's music today. This song will create excitement and heartfelt pleasure in every audience, guaranteed! (1:52).
Pages: 72
Genres: 20th Century, Jazz & Blues, Film & TV, Classical
Michel Petrucciani Songbook by Michel Petrucciani. By Michel Petrucciani. For Piano. Jazz. Jazz & Blues. Songbook. Published by ID Music (ID.SB2100).
Instruments: Piano, Piano and Keyboard
Genres: Blues, Jazz & Blues
Always True To You Darling In My Fashion arranged by Myles Collins. For big band with female vocal. Swing. Easy. Full score and set of parts. Published by Lush Life (JL.LL-2097).
This song was written by Cole Porter for the musical Kiss Me Kate. Our arrangement is similar to that perfomed by the great Julie London. This chart moves along nicely, with a mix of two and four beat feel and is elegant in its simplicity. The band parts are very straightforward, there are no sax doubles and the brass ranges are moderate, making it playable by bands of all levels of ability.The vocal is a comfortable female alto key of F. If your singer likes songs that tell a story, Always True To You will be a winner. Ranges: Trumpets 1-4: A5, G5, G5, G5 Trombones 1-4: A4, F4, C4, Bb3 Vocal key: F Female Vocal Range: F3 - G4 (9 steps).
Instruments: Voice, Vocal
Genres: Swing, Jazz & Blues
Blue rondo a la Turk by Dave Brubeck. Arranged by Jerome Naulais. Pop music. For Wind Band. Orchestral Music. Intermediate (grade 3+). Duration 3'47. Published by Editions Robert Martin (RM.3803).
Genres: Classical, Jazz & Blues
By John Scofield. For Guitar. Artist/Personality; Guitar DVD; Method/Instruction. Alfred's Artist Series. Jazz. DVD. Published by Alfred Music Publishing
Instruments: Electric Guitar, Guitar
Genres: Jazz & Blues
Little Flamenco by Chick Corea. Arranged by Michael Philip Mossman. Boosey & Hawkes Concert Band. Grade 5. Boosey & Hawkes #M051662050. Published by Boosey & Hawkes (HL.48019471).
Recorded by Chick Corea and Origin on the CD "Change," this high-energy syncopated number is filled with intricate melodies and creative harmonies. This challenging arrangement will stretch your players a bit but provide a valuable and rewarding performance experience. (Boosey & Hawkes).
Genres: Flamenco, Jazz & Blues, Latin
I Got Plenty O' Nuttin' by George Gershwin (1898-1937). For Saxophone Quartet (SATB). Swiss import. Grade 2.5. Published by Editions Marc Reift (MA.EMR-13706).
Instruments: Saxophone, Woodwinds
Genres: Standards, Jazz & Blues
Journey to the Past (From the Twentieth Century-Fox Motion Picture Anastasia). Arranged by Mike Lewis. Jazz Ensemble. Jazz Ensemble. Young Jazz Ensemble. Movie. Grade 2. Conductor Score & Parts. 70 pages. Duration 2:51. Published by Alfred Music Publishing (AP.JE9766).
Only once in a great while does a song come along that is so beautiful, it transfers easily to every music medium. This lovely song from Anastasia is a perfect example. Mike Lewis has successfully arranged this lush ballad for your young jazz ensemble. Your students will love playing popular material from the movies, and you'll know this is good music that is well worth your time. (2:51).
Pages: 70
Genres: 20th Century, Jazz & Blues, Film & TV, Classical
The Latin Real Book - C Edition by Various. For C instrument. Over 550 pages of the best in contemporary and classic Salsa, Latin-Jazz and Brazilian music. Detailed arrangements, exactly as recorded, to help your band play in authentic Latin styles.. Latin and Latin Jazz. Difficulty: easy-medium to medium. Fakebook (spiral bound). Melody and chord names. 572 pages. Published by Sher Music Company (SR.LRBC).
With melody and chord names. Latin and Latin Jazz. 9x12 inches.
Partial listing of contents: Contemporary SalsaRay Barretto-Amor Artificial, Indiferencia, Aguaradiente de Cana, Guarare, Indestructible, Arallue, Pura Novela, Vive Y Vacila.Eddie Palmieri-Palo Pa' Rumba, La Malanga, Bomba De Corazon, 1983, Paginas De Mujer. Ruben Blades-Pablo Pueblo, Camaleon, Siembra.Fania All-stars-Naci Moreno, Juan Pachanga, Sin Tu Carino, Encantigo.Manny Oquendo And Libre-Elena, Elena, Estoy Como Nunca...and more! Puerto Rico All-stars-El Cantar Del Coqui, Changueiri.Tito Puente-Dejame Sonar, Te Desafio, Ran Kan Kan, Picadillo. Ng La Banda-Un Tipo Como Yo, Lo Que Siento Es Le Lo Lay.Irakere-Bailando Asi, L.o Que Va a Pasar. Los Van Van-Sandunguera, Que Sorpresa, Muevete.Issac Delgado-Son De Cuba A Puerto Rico, Dime Tu Que Lo Sabes.Louis Ramirez-Amentes, Dejala Que Baile Sola.Conjunto Cespedes-Virgen De La Caridad...And More!Brazilian MusicIvan Lins-Lua Soberana, Sambadouro, Sonhos, Leva E Traz, Amor, Aparecida. Tom Jobim-Outra Vez, Retrato Em Branco E Prato, Look To The Sky, So Danco Samba.Toninho Horta-Mountain Flight, Aqui Oh, Meu Canario Vizinho Azul.Joao Bosco-A Nivel De, Coisa Feita, O Bebado E A Equilibrista.Milton Nascimento-Vera Cruz, Don Quixote,Novena.AIRTO-Mixing, Tombo in 7/4, Anatelio (The Happy People).Leny Andrade-Rio, Vai Amigo, A Fonte Secou.Egberto Gismonti-Loro, Frevo.Djavan-Flor De Lis, Jogral.Leila Pinheiro-Um Samba, Besame.Gal Costa-Luz Do Sol, Tapete Magico.Tania Maria-Come With Me, Yatra-Ta...And More!Latin Jazz:TIto Puente-Second Wind, Eastern Joy Dance, Linda Chicana, Cha-Cha-Cha, Maria Cervantes, Flight To Jordan.Mario Bauza-Lourdes' Lullaby, Mambo Inn.Andy Narell-Kalinda, Natty Stick, Hannibal's Revenge.Cal Tjader-Sabor, Alonzo, Mamblues.Dizzy Gillespie-Manteca, Tin Tin Deo.Daniel Ponce-Latin Perspective, Oferere, Midnight Mambo.Seis Del Solar-Entregate, Decision.Azymuth-Club Morocco, Cascade Of The Seven Waterfalls.DAVE VALENTIN-Danzon For My Father. Ft. Apache Band-To Wisdom The Prize. Chick Corea-Armando's Rumba...and More!Salsa Classics:Arsenio Rodriguez-Dile A Catalina, Dame Un Cachito Pa' Huele, La Vida Es Un Sueno. Beny More-Y Hoy Como Ayer. Celia Cruz-Soy Antillana, Bemba Colora, Yerberomoderno. Conjunto Chappottin-Camina Y Prende El Fogon, Que Se Funan. Johnny Pacheco- La Esencia Del Guaguanco, El Agua Del Clavelito, Etc. Perez Prado-Mambo #5, Mambo #8.Orquesta Sensacion-Suavecito, Bruca Mangua.Standards:Capullito De Aleli, Compadre Pedro Juan, Contingo En La Distancia, Dejala Que Siga Andando, Lamento Boricano, Mayeya No Juegues Con Los Santos, Me Voy Pa'l Pueblo, Frenesi, Solamente Una Vez, Son De La Loma, El Manisero, Cachita, Y Tu, ?que Has Hecko?, Echale Salsita, Obsesion, Rico Vacilon, La Comparsa, La Enganadora, A Mi Que, Besame Mucho, Lagrimas Negras, Pare Cochera
Pages: 572
Instruments: Piano, Piccolo, Oboe, Recorder, Violin, Electric Guitar, Piano and Keyboard, Flute, Woodwinds, Strings, Guitar
Genres: Jazz & Blues, Latin
I Got Plenty O' Nuttin' by George Gershwin (1898-1937). For 4 Trumpets (Piano, Guitar, Bass, Drums optional). Swiss import. Grade 3.5. Score and parts. Published by Editions Marc Reift (MA.EMR-6304).
Instruments: Piano, Guitar, B-Flat Trumpet, Percussion, Drums, Piano and Keyboard, Trumpet, Brass
Genres: Standards, Jazz & Blues
By The Yellowjackets. For Piano/partial score , C melody lead sheet , Synthesizer/miscellaneous parts, Bb & Eb Horn melody part , Bass, Drums. Contains 20 great tunes from their entire career. Contemporary Jazz. 6 Books. 400 pages. Published by Sher Music Company
Pages: 400
Instruments: Piano, Horn, Percussion, Drums, Piano and Keyboard, Brass
Genres: Jazz & Blues
Kiss Me Kate by Cole Porter. For voice and piano. Vocal Score. Standards and Broadway. Difficulty: medium. Vocal score. Vocal melody, piano accompaniment, lyrics and stage cues. 212 pages. Published by Hal Leonard (HL.312232).
ISBN 0881880299. With vocal melody, piano accompaniment, lyrics and stage cues. Standards and Broadway. 9x12 inches.
The complete vocal score with 17 songs, including: Another Op'nin', Another Show • Brush up Your Shakespeare • I Hate Men • So in Love • Too Darn Hot • Why Can't You Behave? • Wunderbar • and more.
Pages: 212
Instruments: Voice, Piano Accompaniment, Vocal, Piano, Piano and Keyboard
Genres: Broadway, Standards, Jazz & Blues
Ragtimes Heft 1 (Fur Flote und Gitarre). By Scott Joplin (1868-1917). Edited by Othmar Endelweber. Chamber Music (Recorder & Guitar). For flute and guitar. Published by Doblinger Music Publishers (DB.GKM-00229).
Instruments: Guitar, Flute, Recorder, Woodwinds
Genres: Ragtime, Jazz & Blues
Michel Petrucciani: The Book by Armand Reynaud / Jeremy Brun. For all instruments. Pop / Jazz. Score. 141 pages. Published by Editions Henry Lemoine (LM.28588).
Pages: 141
Genres: Jazz & Blues, Pop
I Got Plenty O' Nuttin by George Gershwin (1898-1937). For 3 Trumpets & Piano (Guitar, Bass, Drums optional). Swiss import. Grade 3.5. Score and parts. Published by Editions Marc Reift (MA.EMR-6463).
Instruments: Piano, Guitar, B-Flat Trumpet, Percussion, Drums, Piano and Keyboard, Trumpet, Brass
Genres: Standards, Jazz & Blues


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- November 13, 2012
- 7:48 p.m.
- Suggest removal
- Reply to this post
LeftOxnard writes:
Im so looking forward to a surplus balanced budget and 2014 when we can clense congress and get rid of all those dead weight,unwilling congress men like:Mitch McConnel,John Bohner, Eric Cantor, Scott Walker, Rick Snyder,John Kaisch,Tom Colbert! We have not been able to pass anything because of the above congress mens EGO's!Lets's start phase 2 of the operation to get some stuff done!
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WattPad is considered the YouTube -like community for readers or anyone who loves reading and sharing literature.You can access this portal to read tons of free book via PC or mobile phone. The idea here is not new though, this open platform is becoming a really creative homepage among bookworm, authors and readers. Not only the writers can directly exchange idea with readers, a number of publishers also have wonderful chances to cooperate with new potential writers. According to Watt 's stats, at the moment, this cloud based platform is driving more than one millions readers each month. People goes here to read book, exchange their thought and sharing nice piece works with their friends.
To be honest, I have no idea before visiting WattPad. So far, I have accessed various kind of webpages and the link volume might run up to a thousand. I think Wattpad is really helpful, simple but easy to use and is definitely a worth place for both writers and readers. I really fancy the way Wattpad is using to display the content. However, after trying some ways, I was still not able to copy the text to save the content from WattPad.


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Shift 2: Unleashed is a highly challenging and exciting racing game which improves greatly on its predecessor. New features, such as the first-person helmet cam and the reworked graphics engine, make the driving seat a more thrilling place to be than it was in the first game. However, the car handling continues to tread the line between arcade and simulation, without mastering either. While Shift 2 turns the corner from full simulation, a compelling single-player Career mode, great online features and new Autolog integration make it an exciting and well-rounded package overall.
6306730NoneHelmet cam is the big new feature in Shift 2.
Shift 2 begins very much like the original, with a quick two-lap practice session to help it decide what difficulty level and which driving assists you require. Keeping your car out of the grass and away from the barriers becomes considerably more difficult as you turn off the assists, which means you can increase the challenge as you progress. However, Shift 2 is definitely not a true simulation of driving. The cars have a tendency to understeer in fast corners and oversteer in slow ones. This makes the game more exciting, allowing for big slides and a frantic pace, but it can also cause frustration if you prefer pure simulation, because it's difficult to predict your car's behaviour. Faster cars behave inconsistently at the same turn on different laps, so consistent lap times can be elusive. The game doesn't have a rewind feature, which adds to the frustration if you crash during one of the longer races at the end of the Career mode. The unpredictable handling means you may need to spend a lot of time tweaking the advanced control options as well, especially when using a wheel and pedals because the default settings just aren't responsive enough.
It's not just the handling that can catch you out in Shift 2. AI drivers are aggressive; if you give them an accidental nudge on the way into a corner, they're likely to retaliate at the next turn's exit. Competitive AI is a welcome addition, but allowing them to ram you off the road without punishment is taking things a little too far. At least they fight just as hard with each other, which sometimes allows you to cut through and gain multiple positions after crashes. Accidents look spectacular as well, with chunks of bodywork, glass, and rubber flying across the circuit. They look so good, in fact, that it's possible to enjoy a little hostility from your rivals from time to time.
Career mode forms the main single-player challenge in Shift 2. You start out in grass roots racing with slow cars, aiming to earn enough experience and money to work your way to the top. In this game, the top is the official FIA GT3 and GT1 Championships. You don't get every car and track from these real-life series and there is no pit-stop system; thus, official championships add some credibility to the game, but they aren't as authentically represented as you may hope. Despite this, the Career mode offers enough variety and rewards to keep you hooked for its duration. Each new discipline is introduced with footage of real drivers explaining the rules, tracks, and types of cars available. Some of these cutscenes are over the top and presented by people who clearly don't look comfortable on camera. More unique series, such as Drift, are also introduced with playable tutorials from these drivers to help you understand the best way to exploit your car's potential.
Career mode flows very quickly from one event to the next, and after only a couple of hours, you will have progressed from hatchbacks to supercars. This isn't to say the Career mode is short; in fact, the pace at which you win new cars and unlock new disciplines make Shift 2's Career both varied and constantly rewarding. There are also now more ways to earn cash for any cars you may have missed out on in the Career, and the ability to earn experience points and money when playing online lets you avoid the grind of repeating Career events to earn extra cash.
Upgrades can turn road cars into track day legends.
Each new car in Shift 2 opens up additional races, but you can also gain access to them by upgrading your current machines, so that they can take part in higher-performance races. For example, you can upgrade a D class car with a new lightweight body, enabling it to compete in the C class. You can upgrade mechanical and aerodynamic parts for all of the road cars, as well as add race-specification cockpits and rims, thus reducing a car's weight. It's fascinating to transform your vehicle from a comfortable road car to a race-winning monster. Once you're happy with your new specification, you can add vinyls to create unique liveries. This feature isn't as powerful as a similar one in the Forza Motorsport titles, but you can use unlockable paint effects and also choose from about 10 real-world liveries for each vehicle. Shift 2's customization options are good, but there's not a lot of information to explain the impact your modifications will have on the track, which may make it difficult for newcomers to understand the changes they are making.


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At the St. Regis Hotel on Dec. 13, the New York Law Journal presented its second annual Lawyers Who Lead by Example awards to 14 individuals and firms who demonstrate exceptional commitment to pro bono.
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Photo Essay: NYLJ Honors Lawyers Who Lead by Example
New York Law Journal
December 21, 2012
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Contact Us
Waseca County CourthousePhone: (507) 835-0540
Appointed by Governor Tim Pawlenty in 2005. Elected in 2008. His current term expires in January 2015.
J.D., University of Minnesota Law School, 1972
B.A., University of Minnesota, 1969: Journalism, Magna cum laude, Phi Beta Kappa
International Summer School, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway, 1967
Waseca County Attorney, 1978-2005Appointed by County Commissioners: May, 1978Elected: November, 1978Re-elected: 1982, 1986, 1990, 1994, 1998, 2002
West Publishing Co. (Law School Division), 1976-1978
Assistant Rochester City Attorney, 1974-1976Rochester, Minnesota
Judicial Law ClerkHon. O. Russell Olson and Hon. Donald Franke, 1973-1974Rochester, Minnesota
Citizen of the Year, Waseca County News and Janesville Argus, 2007 recipient
Julius E. Gernes Public Attorney Award of Excellence, Minnesota State Bar Association: Public Law Section, 2003 recipient
Distinguished Service Award, Region IX, Minnesota Social Service Association, 2002 recipient
Minnesota District Judges AssociationMinnesota State Bar AssociationFifth District Bar Association
Third Judicial District Plea Bargaining & Continuance Committee, 2008
Third Judicial District Case Flow Management Committee, 2007-2009
Lead Judge, Waseca County Children's Justice Initiative, 2005-2011
Third Judicial District Drug Court Steering Committee, 2006-2007
Court Operations Advisory Workgroup, 2009-2011
Sentencing Forms Subcommittee of the Minnesota Supreme Court Planning Committee, 2004-2005
Third Judicial District Family Violence Task Force, 1995-1999
Waseca County Child Protection Team, 1979-2005
Waseca County Emergency Management Services Advisory Committee, 2003-2005
Waseca County Children's Justice Initiative Team, 2003-2005
Waseca Area United Way, Board of Directors, 1996-1999
Waseca County Domestic Violence Team, 1993-1999
Blandin Community Leaderiship Program, 1998
Waseca Elementary School Parent Advisory Committee, 1989-1996
LeSueur-Waseca Group Home (adolescent boys), Board of Directors, Secretary, 1978-1996
Family Focus-Waseca: Out-patient Chemical Dependency Treatment Program, Advisory Board, 1978-1996
Eustice Scholarship Committee, Multiple years
Mock Trial Judge: Minnesota State Bar Association, Multiple years
Waseca Off Campus School Program Advisory Committee, Multiple years
Waseca Youth Hockey and Soccer Coach, Multiple years


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How do I get an Aircel SIM? You can opt to get an Aircel SIM from Yebhi.com by following this process: 1) Purchase any product from Yebhi 2) Complete the order by making online payment or choosing Cash on Delivery. 3) Once your order is placed you will reach a Thankyou page which confirms receipt of your order. 4) On this page you will get an option to 'Add an Aircel SIM to your order'. Tick on the check box to get the Aircel SIM. This SIM is free and comes with benefits worth Rs.300. It will come to you along with your Yebhi order. Terms and Conditions : This offer is only for customers who are not existing Aircel users. One customer can place a maximum of 3 orders in which an Aircel SIM can be added. This offer is only valid for limited pincodes.
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Address | 10445 US-31 Ellsworth, MI 49729 Get directions → |
Phone | 231-599-3222 |
Website | http://www.royalfarmsinc.com/ |
Description | Royal Farms, an Ellsworth farm market, offers fresh cherries and apples as well as candy, cherry concentrate, coffees and teas, dried fruit, fruit preserves, pie filling, sauces, salsa and syrups. In addition, Royal Farms has strawberries, peaches, apricots, vegetables, sweet corn and pumpkins. In season, Royal Farms offers a corn maze, hay rides, poinsettias and wreaths. Find more information at www.royalfarmsinc.com. Directions: Ten miles south of Charlevoix on the west side of US-31. |
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Beds and Scratchers
There are sooooo many different beds and pillows available, but they all tend to look like a pillow thrown on the floor. Problem solved!
We make solid wood, modern styled, cat bed frames (boxes) that are specifically sized for 2 widely available cushion options:
(1) Molly Meow
(2) Your own used bed pillows!
Why reinvent the wheel?
Molly Meow (www.mollymutt.com) makes duvet covers that you stuff yourself with old beds, clothes, soft toys, whatever! They offer stylish patterns and are very affordable. We just love these, and thought they would look even better with a modern bedframe to make them blend in more with your furniture! Our frames ("meowbox") fit the 20" x 20" square version only!
Bird on a Wire | La Vie en Rose | Your Hand in Mine | Secret Meeting |
Title Track |
While we were on the topic of "re-using", it occured to us that every house has tons of old bed pillows, why not make a frame that fits them? You can even use your old pillow cases or get new designer ones!
Click below to go to the product detail page where you can order, if you like!
Meow Box (birch-espresso) | . . |
Pillow Box (birch-espresso) |
Pillow Box (shown empty). This is what you get. |