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The beans are spilled on the final specifications of AMD's "Juniper" mid-range GPU architecture, and the two SKUs based on it, namely the ATI Radeon HD 5770 and Radeon HD 5750. Leaked alleged company slides on XtremeSystems Forums, reveal exactly how Juniper is a 50% downsizing of Cypress' machinery, in having half of nearly all its vital-statistics, if you may. Juniper features 10 SIMD engines physically, amounting to 800 stream processors. It holds 40 texture memory units (TMUs), and 16 raster operation units (ROPs). With a 128-bit memory interface churning out up to 76.8 GB/s of memory bandwidth by utilizing 4.8 GT/s GDDR5 memory chips, the fact that Juniper is half of what Cypress stands for specs-wise, becomes clear. In the next two slides are pictured and detailed the two SKUs based on the GPU. The ATI Radeon HD 5770 is the top-end implementation, which makes use of all the components present on the GPU. With a core clock-speed of 850 MHz, and memory speed of 1200 MHz, the GPU churns out a shader compute power of 1.36 TFLOPs. The idle and max board powers are rated by AMD at 18W and 108W, respectively. It becomes clear that AMD is eying the US $150 price point with this part. The Radeon HD 5750 on the other hand, has one SIMD engine disabled, and eds up with 720 available stream processors. It comes with 1 GB or 512 MB of GDDR5 memory, and clock speeds of 700 MHz core, and 1150 MHz memory (4.6 GT/s). With these, the Radeon HD 5750 manages a shader compute power figure of 1.008 TFLOPs. The rated board power consumption figures have also come down on this one, with 16W idle, and 86W max. This one targets the $109 (512 MB) and $129 (1 GB) price points. Both accelerators are DirectX 11 compliant, and support ATI Eyefinity technology supporting up to three 2560 x 1600 pixel display heads. According to the slides, they should be unveiled this Tuesday the 13th. Source: XtremeSystems Forums
Interesting clock speeds on the 5770, is this thing going to be faster than the 5850? Whats it missing? Because those numbers seem unreal.
As far as it looks, spec wise it looks like a 40nm HD 4890 + DX11 Minus the 128-bit memory bus that is.
I have 2 4870s at the moment, and holding out to see what the X2 5870s perform like, I have a 30 inch dell and thinking a bit about maybe saving some coin for another 30 inch dell, and running two for gaming. Do you guys think running 32 30 inch screens for gaming would be better than one, and nearly as good as running say 3 x 24 inch monitors? I can't afford 3 30 inch monitors, and I like the one I have now, but the option of running 2 sounds awsome, can you guys let me kno0w if this is a stupid idea.
@ 1Kurgan1 It seems to me like 5750 & 5770 are supposed to have power of the 4850 & 4870, but with the benefits of Eyefinity, DX11, lower power use, lower price, smaller PCB, +++, wow... the list is just going on and on.
Well the 5770 will have less bandwith than the 4870, that could pose a problem and this would also open quite the gap between it and the 5850. 5 days untill we find out i guess
2x5870 review: http://www.techpowerup.com/reviews/ATI/Radeon_HD_5870_CrossFire/ I'd hate having the devide in the middle and would prefer a single or triple set-up. It would make sense for them to make the previous generation power(-level) cards now be the number 2's in their line-up, with all the new features to make them preferable over the previous gen, so yeah, I'm thinking these are the HD4800s replacements. And pretty excellent ones at that.
Yep, well the transistor count will probably be in the same ballpart of <1bil and when you consider that 55nm>40nm is a ~89% reduction in size, then the die area will be around 135-50mm^2 . That's gonna be one cool core
Ok, also in the middle and middle-low range ati will probably dominates. 108w of powerfull consumption for hd5770 is very good, and finally excellent also in idle 18w
oh god yeah, i was sold to upgrade to these the second i saw the power consumption. the laptop versions should be incredible too.
Theese are slightly faster than 4890 in shader power. The specs are in numbers a 4890 on 40 NM with DX11 and 128Bit GDDR5 bus.
it's very interesting also the audio hd in bistream over hdmi, with the 5000s series. They could be very indicated also in htpc system, linked to an avr
it certanly wont do the performance of a 4890, but they outperform a 4850 by far ! And the price seems fair too
Hunh....... Seems like HD 5670 Will be: - 400 SP - 512 / 128 bit / GGDR3 or 64 bit (GDDR 5 ?) - Very low power (less than 50w full / 9w idle ?) - Low profile format ? - Under $70.00 Well at least this is what I hope it to be...
Yeah.... well... actually if the pull something like HD 4550 power consumption... wow... it will be nasty! Which is 6W idle and 19w max.


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Once again, I find myself with less time than I would like to write. Hopefully, brevity will make me make each word count.
This movement has some fascinating aspects. I begin with Mahler's use of texture, which is more intricate and highly developed here than in much of his previous music. Immediately following the horn solo that opens the movement, the woodwinds begin to build a complex sonic scrim more akin to Ravel or Stravinsky than to Mahler (mm. 10-27). While motives from the horn solo appear throughout this passage, it is really an orchestral crescendo that leads to a climax in m. 28. In mm. 28-9, the major-minor motive from the Sixth Symphony reappears, here in the home key of C (I should note that this motive doesn't really "belong" to the Sixth Symphony, as it appears frequently throughout Mahler's work).
There follows a harmonized repetition of the theme introduced by the horns, with an immediate variation, beginning in m. 37. In m. 44, there is an example of Mahler's interesting use of color in the solo oboe and horn. The oboe colors the repeated horn notes, lending body and renewed interest to the opening theme.
Measure 62 presents the main theme yet again–this is a highly thematic movement. It is now coupled with a figural countermelody in the woodwinds, a running triplet idea that will reappear frequently in this movment. In m. 69, Mahler uses a cadential pattern that is somewhat quirky. Having arrived on a half-cadence, a subdominant chord is inserted before the return of the tonic in m. 70. The iv chord is highlighted with a dynamic accent, and is somewhat reminiscent of Robert Schumann's tendency to begin phrases with a subdominant harmony, as though we were joining the music already in progress.
At m. 83, the first significant change in mood appears, with a change in both tempo and key (to Ab major). The melody here is linked to the main theme by its opening motive, a rising interval from the triad in question, beginning on the anacrusis. An extension of this initial phrase leads to a half-cadence in m. 81. Mahler's frequent use of the half-cadence in this movement suggests a more open, fantasia-like conception. This dance-like music continues until an authentic cadence in Ab minor in m. 121, followed immediately by a reprise of the opening horn solo, leading into a modulatory passage that brings back the main theme in C major in m. 141.
In m. 144ff, the horn and oboe are again paired, a favorite color choice for Mahler in this movement. This section is very much a restatement of the first section (up to the key change to Ab). In m. 161, the fascinating texture from the opening is revisited, culminating with the same CM-Cm chord (more lushly scored this time) in mm. 187-188.
Measure 190 marks the beginning of new material in C minor, roughly based on the inversion of the main theme. Mahler's color choice is again interesting–oboe and English horn each doubled by a solo cello and then, when the range becomes excessive, byh solo violas (m. 198ff). In m. 211ff, there is an interesting diversion to the key of B minor, strikingly remote from each harmonic destination thus far, with a swing back to C major for the return of the main theme in m. 223, now stated by the full orchestra.
The A-flat major theme reappears in m. 262, now with a countermelody in the woodwinds (two flutes, two oboes and two clarinets in unison). The amount of thematic repetition in this movement is impressive–and highly suggestive of seven-part rondo form, although Mahler chooses not to state this explicity. This places the A-sections in C major-minor, the B-sections in A-flat major and the C-section in C-minor.
At m. 317, the typical Mahlerian approach to coda begins–the opening theme begins to unravel, with reminders of earlier textures and ideas intertwining. By the end, all that is left is the triplet accompanimental idea, which dissolves into not the tonic pitch, but rather the dominant of hte movement, G, leaving a sense of incompleteness that the beginning of the next movement fails to resolve.

subset: commoncrawl


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Survey of Energy Resources 2007
Geothermal Country Notes
In the years following independence (1990), Lithuania has firstly been transforming its political system into a market economy and secondly moving away from its heavy reliance on fossil fuels and nuclear to a greater dependence on renewable energy. Membership of the European Union (2004) and national legislation passed in the first years of the 21st century are the main driving forces for this development.
Lithuania's geothermal resource, lying in the west of the country, has been found to be significant. In 2000 the 41 MWt (18 MW geothermal heat and 23 MW heat from absorption heat pump driven boilers) Klaipeda Geothermal Demonstration Plant (KGDP) was commissioned and began producing 25% of the heat required by the city of Klaipeda.
Much work has been undertaken on the thermal waters in Vilkaviskis, a city in the southwestern part of the country, with a view to developing balneological uses and also a district heating scheme.
To date, Lithuania's extensive low-temperature resource has been harnessed for more than 200 ground-source heat pumps. A total of some 3 MWt has been installed in the residential sector.
It is planned to increase the contribution of geothermal energy by developing new plants including possibly some for power generation.


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Most of you know we recently visited Disneyland last month!! And I shared with you my Disneyland Smashbook HERE: Now most of you know I am in no way shape or form a photographer! But I did take my "Big Girl Camera" with me on this trip!! Did it even make it into the Parks?? Absolutely not!! Why?? Well there are 3 reasons. One, my phone! It takes fantastic photos and I shared a lot of them on Instagram!! I {Read More}
Disneyland Smashbook!
In the paper crafting world Smash Books are all the rage these days. So while I was on vacation celebrating my 5 year wedding anniversary I went a little crazy and made my own Smash Book!! I started with my Passporter Guide and there is where the fun began! You can purchase your very own Passporter Guide HERE! It is a fantastic resource for planning your Disney vacation. When I ordered my copy they only had the spiral bound version {Read More}


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The first standards for gas space heaters were adopted more than sixty years ago by gas utilities concerned about the safety of gas appliances. The Pacific Coast Gas Association published a standard for gas space heaters (vented and unvented) in 1924. The newly created AGA Labs followed suit two years later. In 1930 the AGA "Approval Requirements Committee" became "Sectional Committee Z21" of the American Standards Association, predecessor to ANSI. A technical subcommittee oversaw fourteen editions of the standard for gas-fired room heaters in the next thirty years. Records from this time are not readily available, but in all likelihood the standard was changed in only minor respects during these years. There were no major controversies, according to a recently retired committee member. "Things rolled along fairly smoothly for many years."
The Z21 subcommittees for gas heating appliances were reorganized in 1959, and separate committees were given jurisdiction over vented and unvented room heaters. The first standard specifically for unvented gas heaters—American Standards Association Z21.11.2—was published in 1962. It was sixteen pages long and contained both construction and performance requirements. Many of these provisions are still in effect today. Some of the construction requirements were design standards. For example, "Sheet metal air shutters shall be of a thickness not less than 0.0304 inch."[13] Others were performance-based. "Orifice spuds and orifice spud holders shall be made of metal melting at not less than 1000 F."[14] Many of the construction requirements were of a more subjective nature, however. "Burners shall be easily removable for repair and cleaning."[15] "Gas valves shall be located or constructed so that they will not be subject to accidental change of setting."[16] The performance requirements included a host of tests covering burner and pilot operation, wall and surface temperatures, valves, thermostats, combustion, and safety guards.
The standard assured that certain basic elements of safety were achieved. In other words, a heater certified to Z21.11.2 could safely be connected to a gas line and, under the right conditions, be used without incident. The standard could be faulted, however, for being less than forthcoming with warnings about the dangers that still existed. These early versions of the standard did not require any information about the need to ventilate the room in order to prevent carbon monoxide poisoning. The prevailing attitude of many manufacturers about disclosing
information seems callous by today's standards. Warning labels and instructions were generally disfavored. The space heater standard required, for example, that "instructions provided with the heater shall include information to adequately cover cleaning of the heater." But a manufacturer took the position in 1964 that it did not have to include such instructions because the requirement was optional—in other words, the provision applied only if the manufacturer chose to provide instructions. The subcommittee agreed.[17]
The fire and burn hazards associated with the gas space heater also received short shrift in the early versions of Z21.11.2. A performance test was supposed to ensure that clothing "could not readily come in contact with flames or with parts of the heater which would easily cause ignition or charring." The test method involved exposing a piece of twenty-pound bond paper to the front of the heater for ten seconds.[18] For reasons explained later, this test bears little relationship to reality and, surprisingly, is not very effective in detecting the tendency of a heater to ignite clothing. The subcommittee did not take this hazard very seriously. The problem was periodically raised and routinely referred to a working group of some sort, where the issue languished until the cycle began anew. The triggering event tended to come from outside the committee. In 1962, for example, the NFPA forwarded a newspaper clipping concerning accidents resulting from contact with open-front heaters. AGA appointed a working group that concluded further study was necessary![19] The same conclusion had been reached by AGA working groups in 1953 and 1955. In 1970 the secretary of commerce sent the committee details of six clothing ignition cases. Another working group got its marching orders. No changes were made in the standard.
This early version of Z21.11.2 also did little to address the problem of carbon monoxide poisoning. The combustion tests included a threshold limit for carbon monoxide, but under conditions in which there is seldom a problem—when the heater is properly cleaned and adjusted. Thus, while the standard assured that the appliance was capable of safe use, it made no provision for the possibility of unsafe conditions such as poor ventilation. This is not to say that the subcommittee was unaware of the problem. The gas space heater had long been a controversial product, and there are oblique references to the carbon monoxide problem in the minutes of various meetings. The controversy predates Ralph Nader, the expansion of the tort law, and the Presidential Commission on Product Safety. The danger of carbon monoxide poisoning, particularly in northern states, prompted many utilities to oppose the product
in the 1960s. Gas space heaters were banned in Columbus, Ohio, in 1958. Several states later banned them, many others have partial bans (see map 1). Federal "minimum property standards," applicable to 15 percent of new housing in this country (but recently revoked by HUD), also prohibit the unvented heater.[20] A Philadelphia utility company argued recently it is "immoral" to allow use of the unvented heater.[21]
Whither the Unvented Heater?
The Z21.11.2 subcommittee could not ignore these developments. More than once, the subcommittee addressed the same existential question: Should Z21.11.2 exist? The answer was not necessarily a foregone conclusion. Within the AGA, sentiment at large was (and still is) divided over the unvented heater. AGA represents the distributors of gas. These companies have different interests because some are "gas-only," while others sell gas and electricity. Some do a great deal of marketing; others do not. Their interest in protecting a product such as the unvented heater varies accordingly.
Privately, some manufacturers were also less than enthusiastic about the appliance, leading one CPSC commissioner to conclude that the industry "didn't really care" about whether the heaters were banned. Some of the engineers at the AGA Labs even supported the notion of a ban. Not surprisingly, however, the committee's position has always been in favor of the gas space heater.
The stated reasons have been less than compelling. The standard should exist, the subcommittee has stated on several occasions, because without it space heaters will continue to be sold, but not necessarily with the safety levels maintained by Z21.11.2. In other words, economically speaking, the standard creates a marginal benefit. This benefit is real, however, only if the product would still be marketed without AGA approval. This is a critical and dubious assumption. AGA approval is practically a prerequisite to marketing a gas appliance. There are strong reasons to believe that the lack of an AGA standard would eliminate the product from the market, and that if it did not, manufacturers would continue to satisfy the requirements in the current standard.
The forces that motivate AGA certification would not disappear with the enactment of a limited government standard. There is no reason to think that utilities who refuse to install or service appliances without AGA certification would change their behavior in light of a federal requirement that does not even address some of their most serious
concerns (explosions, fire hazards). Moreover, pressures created by product liability law would remain unchanged. A manufacturer who chose to forgo AGA certification would run serious liability risks in relation to those hazards covered only by the AGA standard.
Relying on the distinction between product standards and installation standards, AGA Labs took the position that the existential question should be answered by someone else. Accordingly, the preface to Z21.11.2 warns: "Safe operation of a gas-fired unvented room heater depends to a great extent upon its proper installation, and it should be installed in accordance with the National Fuel Gas Code, ANSI Z223.1, manufacturers' installation instructions, and local municipal building codes."[22] In short, AGA Labs took the same position UL often does with respect to "banning" a product: it claimed to defer to use and installation codes. If NFPA will not allow an appliance, then AGA will not list it. This is the case with a cousin of the gas space heater, the so-called cabinet heater. Cabinet heaters are unvented heaters without a gas line connection. They use a gas cylinder instead. These heaters are not permitted under NFPA 58, so AGA Labs does not list them.
With the space heater, however, the most important installation code—the National Fuel Gas Code—is written by AGA Labs, further complicating the symbiotic relationship between installation codes and product standards.[23] The Fuel Gas Code recognizes the seriousness of the hazards connected with the space heater but takes the ineffectual position of "prohibiting" the appliance in sleeping quarters, sanitariums, and certain other institutions. Although an unqualified prohibition would probably keep the product off the market, the use restriction leaves enforcement largely in the hands of the consumer, who has probably never heard of the National Fuel Gas Code. The code notwithstanding, most carbon monoxide deaths apparently occur in sleeping quarters.
In reality, the existential question caused the subcommittee no existential distress. They were committed to the unvented heater. This assured certification business for AGA Labs and an imprimatur for manufacturers. As an AGA engineer remarked in response to suggestions that space heaters be redesigned to lower surface temperatures: "There is no point in pricing them out of the market if your intent is to keep them in the market." Utility representatives did not object to this unofficial intention, because even if the heaters were on the market, they could keep them out of specific gas distribution networks by refusing to hook them up and service them. Those who objected to the gas space
heater politely abstained from the discussion. A representative from Peoples Natural Gas Company, for example, responded to a proposed change in Z21.11.2 by commenting: "Peoples does not approve the installation or use of unvented heaters by our customers. I am sure that you will understand that the decision to abstain [on these revisions] was dictated by these factors and does not reflect on the fine work of the Subcommittee."[24]
The Overhaul of Z21.11.2
Z21.11.2 may never have been in danger of being scrapped, but a major revision was inevitable. Space heaters were getting a bad name, and worse yet, the federal government, for the first time ever, was considering regulating a gas appliance. The results were significant. Between 1960 and 1980 the committee added requirements for an automatic ignition system, a pilot regulator, lower surface temperatures, and improved shielding. The average retail price of the appliances more than tripled as a result, from around $50 to approximately $180. How beneficial were these requirements? Opinions vary, and the data are inconclusive.
Surface temperatures have come down slightly over the years, reducing the burn hazard to some extent. Organizations such as Consumers Union argue for further reductions. This would not prevent accidents, of course, but it would provide a longer response time before a burn injury becomes serious.[25] How that would translate into the real world of product injuries is impossible to say. There are no good estimates of the number of injuries involving surface burns, let alone how changes in surface temperature might affect them. Significantly lower surface temperatures probably cannot be obtained, however, without substantial changes in heater design. The cost and feasibility of this task cannot be estimated without research and development work. If, as manufacturers argue, surface temperatures cannot be reduced without dramatic changes in design, then it is likely that the cost would not justify the fractional change in response time to accidents. Similar uncertainty confounds any analysis of the other performance tests in Z21.11.2. The clothing ignition test, long criticized for using twenty-pound paper, was revised to incorporate the use of terry cloth. This makes the test more realistic,[26] but the real-world significance of the revised test method is impossible to ascertain given existing data. And without access to con-
fidential certification records, it is impossible to determine whether the new test resulted in actual product changes.
Perhaps the most dramatic result of these changes was elimination of a model of small bathroom heaters known to be connected with many injuries.[27] This "drop-out ban," as a trade association representative dubbed it, apparently did not improve the image of the unvented heater enough to forestall government intervention. But the industry claims that the overhaul of Z21.11.2 improved the safety of the product sufficiently to eliminate almost all carbon monoxide deaths. The CPSC disputes this claim.
The CPSC and the ODS
The CPSC first got involved with space heaters in 1974 when it received a petition from the Missouri Public Interest Research Group to ban all "space heaters." The request was apparently prompted by a tragic fire, ignited by an electric space heater, that claimed the lives of several children in Missouri. At the time, the commission did not understand the differences between the various types of space heaters (that is, electric, gas-fired, kerosene, and wood-fueled), let alone differences in styles and models. Choosing not to read the petition narrowly, and with a predisposition to grant it, the commission approved the petition "in substance" and directed the staff to figure out which space heaters should be banned.[28]
It took the CPSC several years to become familiar with the world of heating appliances. The education process was terribly frustrating for AGA Labs and GAMA. "They just didn't understand the equipment," complains a GAMA staff member who tried, with mixed success, to point out the difference between vented and unvented gas space heaters.[29] The agency's uncertainty stemmed largely from ignorance, but it was also indicative of a larger problem. Gas appliances, like most consumer products, are diverse and difficult to analyze with specificity. The CPSC's injury surveillance reporting system did not have a product code for unvented gas space heaters. Few of the newspaper reports collected through the Injury Surveillance Desk specified whether or not the appliance was vented. Even the CPSC's own "in-depth investigations," intended to compensate for data problems elsewhere, were sketchy and sometimes of questionable accuracy. Thus, even when they tried to find out specifically about unvented heaters, the staff had trouble obtaining helpful information.[30]
Eventually the CPSC singled out the unvented gas space heater, deciding that it should be banned and that vented gas heaters and other types of space heaters need not be regulated at all.[31] The overriding concern about the unvented gas space heater was carbon monoxide poisoning. "The thing that motivated the commission most over the years," according to a former commissioner, "was the actual experience of consumers as manifest by death and injury statistics." In this case, people were dying in their sleep—as many as seventy a year, according to the widely cited CPSC estimate. Industry representatives took issue with the figure. In addition to echoing familiar criticisms of the CPSC's information system, they argued that changes in the product had rendered it much safer in recent years. A representative of the Gas Appliance Manufacturers Association boldly claimed that there had been no carbon monoxide deaths involving heaters built after 1978. There is no way to prove or disprove this allegation with existing data.
Criticisms of the government's injury estimates masked a larger complaint about its motives. The unvented heater was a "politically targeted product," charged one industry representative.[32] "It isn't nearly as bad as the kerosene heater," charged another, who manufactures only gas equipment. In fact, political forces favoring regulation of the gas space heater were in motion long before the commission received the petition from Missouri. The unvented gas space heater was investigated by the FDA in the early 1970s, and by the Public Health Service before that. It was also mentioned by the Presidential Commission on Product Safety, precursor to the CPSC.
If the unvented heater was politically targeted, the CPSC missed the mark—sort of. The agency was set to ban the product when word arrived of a technological answer to carbon monoxide poisoning. The ideal solution, a carbon monoxide sensor, had always been considered far too expensive to be practical, but a second-best solution—an oxygen depletion sensor (ODS)—was touted by a European manufacturer, Sourdillion, at the CPSC hearings in 1978. Similar to a pilot flame, the ODS consists of a Bunsen burner that utilizes a synthetic ruby orifice and other precision parts to achieve uniform control of aeration and flame characteristics (see figure 3). The ODS is a delicate device; it relies on an unstable flame, also known as a metastable flame. It is stable with normal levels of oxygen but less stable as oxygen levels decrease, to a point where the flame literally lifts off and shuts down the heater.[33]
Since the CPSC was prohibited by statute from banning products for which there was a viable private standard, Sourdillion's presence at the
hearings demanded attention. Even those commissioners who personally favored a ban felt obligated to examine the ODS option. The CPSC's in-house engineers examined the device, and the agency contracted with NBS for additional research.
The most startling thing about the CPSC's analysis of the ODS is how late it occurred in the discussion of unvented heater safety. The device was introduced in 1961 in Europe. In 1972 the Z21 committee appointed a subcommittee to "follow the development of such devices and, if warranted, to develop revisions" for existing standards.[34] (They had not yet done so when the CPSC first got involved in the issue.) Remarkably, it was not until 1978, four years after receiving the petition to ban space heaters, that the CPSC acknowledged the existence of these devices. Even then, in a January 1978 briefing package, the staff informed the commission that although the device "might be technically feasible [it is] economically impractical."[35]
The European manufacturer, which boasted worldwide sales of thirty million units since 1961, begged to differ. But the success of the ODS in Europe must be put in context. European fuel gases differ from those widely available in this country, so technology that works in Europe will not necessarily work in the United States. To Sourdillion, however, adapting the ODS to this country did not pose anything more than a good engineering challenge. Still, there were two important respects in which the reliability of the ODS was called into question. First, the device does not measure carbon monoxide; it measures oxygen. Whether the relationship between oxygen and carbon monoxide was sufficiently predictable for the ODS to provide reliable protection against specified levels of carbon monoxide was a legitimate concern. Second, the metastable flame can be inhibited by dirt and lint. The dirtier the pilot, the more stable the flame and the less reliable the shutoff. How reliably the shutoff device would work in the field was a serious concern. (It was not an equivalent concern with European equipment, which requires the pilot light to be lit with each use, minimizing the amount of dirt and lint.)
Optional Equipment: AGA's Uneasy Solution
These concerns had been raised years earlier when a manufacturer requested AGA certification for a heater with an ODS device. The existing standard did not address these devices, so the engineers on the testing
floor had no guidance. AGA was on the spot. Its engineers did not know enough about the ODS to assess its reliability, let alone its desirability. The device had no track record in this country. On that basis, they decided to make the ODS an "optional requirement." For the short run, this sounds reasonable (even if oxymoronic). The solution was an uneasy one, though, because "optional requirements" appear to contradict two cornerstones of AGA/ANSI standards-writing: uniform requirements and open participation.
The certification process, both at AGA and UL, is built on a binary approach to safety regulations. Either a product receives the AGA label or it does not. AGA Labs does not want to get into the business of rating degrees of safety, putting asterisks on labels, or otherwise differentiating between products. First, the manufacturers—the lab's clients—would object.[36] Second, it might diminish the use of AGA standards. The influence of "voluntary" standards, and hence the demand for certification, is due at least in part to their ease of use. The certification process simplifies the job of building officials. No label, no approval. If asterisks are placed on labels, putting conditions or qualifications on the meaning of approval, or if safety features are labeled "optional," then the standard becomes harder to use. It cannot be applied without additional judgments about the desirability of the optional equipment or the significance of the asterisk. Once this occurs, deference to the remaining portions of the standard may also diminish. Why rely on AGA's judgment about the need for, say, automatic ignition when you are already making your own judgments about the ODS device?
Optional requirements also contradict the procedural premises of standards-writing under ANSI's committee method. AGA constantly maintains that it does not write standards, the Z21 subcommittees do. The ODS, as an optional requirement, is a clear exception. The Labs drafted the "AGA requirement" for the ODS. Such provisions are akin to UL's "desk standards." They are written by staff and not reviewed by the public. In time "AGA requirements" are usually submitted as formal revisions to standards, thereby subjecting them to the normal process of public review. This did not happen very quickly, however, with the ODS. The manufacturer who originally requested approval of the ODS device never actually marketed it. The reasons are disputed: some claim that there was no interest among manufacturers, others say that the device was not adequately proven. In either case, the ODS issue remained a theoretical one for the AGA Labs.
The CPSC Investigates the ODS
Sourdillion's presence at a Washington, D.C., hearing put tangible pressure on the CPSC. The firm apparently considered a mandatory standard the best way to create an American market for its product. The commission, committed to banning space heaters, was forced to reverse its position and examine the ODS (about which it knew practically nothing). The obvious technological question was whether the device would operate reliably under U.S. conditions. There were secondary technological questions as well. The cost of such technology was of prime concern to industry, but apparently less so to government.
To answer the basic technological question, the CPSC contracted with the National Bureau of Standards. Simple questions do not always elicit simple answers, however, particularly when a regulatory agency is asking and NBS is answering. In this instance, NBS gave a more complicated answer than the CPSC wanted. Yes, the ODS works, it concluded, but the shutoff level in the "optional AGA requirement"—an 18 percent oxygen level-might not be appropriate.[37] A higher shutoff level, such as that used in the French standard, would be more protective, since the corresponding levels of carbon monoxide would be lower. The problem is that higher shutoff levels are also more likely to cause "nuisance shutoffs" (where the heater shuts off accidentally because the cutoff point is so close to normal levels of oxygen).
The origin of the 18 percent level remains something of a mystery. Minutes of the Z21 subcommittee meetings at which the ODS was first discussed do not reflect any discussion of the adequacy of the 18 percent level. An NBS engineer who analyzed these documents for the CPSC concluded that the figure most likely came from the American Conference of Government Industrial Hygienists, a nongovernment standards-writing organization (contrary to its name).[38] Since the relevant health concern is carbon monoxide, however, and not oxygen, it would be strange indeed if the shutoff level for the ODS was selected without considering the estimated corresponding levels of carbon monoxide. More likely, members of the Z21 committee had a rough idea of the relationship between oxygen and carbon monoxide and made their decision without explicitly discussing the details. According to one frequent guest at the subcommittee meetings, "We knew what the curves would look like."
Whatever its origins, 18 percent appears to provide substantial margins of safety. The NBS tests revealed that ODS devices set for 18 percent
actually shut down at higher oxygen levels (18.2 to 20.4 percent). The corresponding carbon monoxide levels in those conditions ranged from 7 to 98 ppm, with a mean concentration of 37 ppm. A 1971 OSHA standard permits normal concentrations in the workplace of up to 50 ppm. At four times that level, the expected medical response, according to the CPSC's Directorate for Epidemiology, is a "possible mild frontal headache in two to three hours." Another twofold increase, and nausea is likely; twice again higher, unconsciousness.[39]
The CPSC staff divided on the question of whether the shutoff level in the AGA standard was adequate. The Directorate for Engineering, sensitive to the "nuisance shutoff" problem concluded that 18 percent was "adequate" and that higher levels were probably "overly conservative." The Directorate for Epidemiology disagreed, urging reconsideration of the 18 percent level because it "appears to be based largely on technical feasibility rather than on possible health effects."[40]
Whether the ODS device was commercially feasible was not a question that much interested the Program Management staff. A negative answer would have been humiliating. The proposed ban had already been tabled because of the ODS. Frustration grew as NBS engineers questioned the appropriateness of the 18 percent cutoff and industry raised the specter of nuisance shutoffs at higher levels. "We had to get a consistent story," explains one staff member. "First we said ban them, then we said no. We had to get our story straight." The story, then, was that the ODS was technically feasible and would work well with an 18 percent shutoff.
The issue never reached the commission. "Staff assured us that 18 percent was all right," recalls one commissioner. Actually, the staff was more pragmatic than it was satisfied. "Nineteen percent would have meant a five-year fight," recalls a staff member who favored the stricter level but was even more concerned about keeping things as simple and uncontroversial as possible. Eighteen percent had history on its side.
Playing Poker with the Private Sector
Once the CPSC was convinced that the ODS technology was sufficiently feasible to favor a product standard over the proposed ban, the obvious question was whether the private standard could do the job. AGA was not about to ban the space heater, but it might regulate it to the extent deemed necessary by the CPSC. The AGA standard already had an
"optional requirement" for the ODS, along with provisions covering many other hazards. If the Z21 committee would simply require the ODS device, the "voluntary" standard could eliminate the need for a government one.
The matter was not so simple from the perspective of the AGA. Industry was largely opposed to the ODS device for reasons that were never stated explicitly. Some of the resistance no doubt was based on the cost of the device. Others objected to requiring a device that was only available from one supplier—and a foreign one at that. Whatever the reason, an AGA vice president wrote the commission in the summer of 1978 that a "strong statement from the Commission as to the value of the ODS and experience with it would be needed" in order to prompt revisions in the voluntary standard.[41] There was not enough support for the idea in the private sector, even given the specter of government regulation. Changing a voluntary standard generally takes more than a year, but, warned the AGA, it takes "much longer when there is any controversy." There was in this case. To the surprise of several commissioners, the AGA seemed to be suggesting government regulation.
Assured that the device was desirable and technically feasible, the CPSC drafted a proposed mandatory standard. The action did not push the private sector too far; but the AGA made one apparently significant change. The Z21 committee added the "optional AGA requirement" to the standard at large. In other words, the ODS was now a "mandatory" part of the so-called voluntary standard. But there was a catch: the "mandatory" requirement would take effect only when AGA determined that a "suitable and certifiable device [was] available."[42]
In the eyes of the CPSC staff, it would take an additional push to make this happen. "As long as unvented heaters without ODS devices can be sold for an indefinite period," the CPSC staff argued in a memo, "the industry is not compelled to develop and test the device in a short time." Therefore, the CPSC went ahead with its proposed rule duplicating almost exactly the provisions in the AGA standard, with the addition of a specific effective date—December 30, 1980.[43] "We called their bluff," boasts one CPSC staff member.
The staff could press for an early effective date without worrying that inability to meet it would mean a de facto ban. That was what staff wanted in the first place! "Fortunately or unfortunately," as a CPSC program manager put it, "we were working with a product that was not absolutely needed by the public." In other words, the staff did not care
whether the requirement would result in a short-term ban. Apparently blind to the commercial interests of space heater manufacturers, the Economics Directorate concluded that an interruption in production would cause "no serious economic impacts."[44]
Aware that concerns about meeting the deadline would not get a sympathetic hearing within the CPSC, private interests argued against the CPSC proposal on the grounds that a government standard would displace the nongovernment one, worsening safety in areas regulated only by the private standard. These areas were significant. The AGA standard addressed surface temperatures, sharp edges, clothing ignition, and a host of other hazards unrelated to carbon monoxide. The proposed CPSC standard covered only the ODS and related labeling. But the argument against CPSC involvement depended on whether manufacturers would actually change their behavior in the event of a federal standard and forgo AGA certification on items not required by the government. That was highly unlikely, since the forces for complying with the AGA standard were unaffected by the existence of a CPSC standard. The argument was really about turf, not safety. AGA's concern was that the CPSC was embarking on a venture that might, if extended, cut into its business. And industry's concern was more about the implications for the future than about the implications of a single requirement.
There was one potential hazard that neither the CPSC nor AGA Labs addressed: chronic health effects. The issue came up during the CPSC proceedings, but the staff had no idea which elements of combustion, if any, posed potential long-term health problems. "It would have created a furor to try to address chronic hazards," recalls a former CPSC program manager. Subsequent research at the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, under contract to the CPSC, suggests that one of the six tested pollutants—nitrogen dioxide—might pose a serious long-term health hazard. The CPSC has called for further studies. For now, AGA Labs is deferring to the government. "We don't have the expertise or experience to address long-term health effects," notes an AGA Labs engineer. Neither does the CPSC for that matter, ensuring that the unvented heater story is not over.
Petitions and Confusion Follow the CPSC Rule
The CPSC was determined to go ahead with the standard even though AGA Labs had all but required the ODS device. Some staff members
earnestly argued that a federal standard was desirable because the CPSC had a better warning label than AGA. But the differences were, by any measure, trivial.[45] Others felt that without a federal rule, the ODS would never be commercially adopted. One of the commissioners was determined to get back at an industry that had dared to start producing its product immediately after the CPSC lifted its proposed ban. This distrust was shared by many CPSC staff members. The commission eventually approved the rule but extended the effective date in a gesture of accommodation.
The gesture was lost on industry. Less than two weeks after the CPSC published a Federal Register notice adopting the space heater rule, GAMA petitioned the agency to revoke it. This was only the first of a plethora of petitions and other postadoption posturing that confused the commission and, years later, resulted in revocation of the ODS rule. The GAMA petition was a foregone conclusion, dependent more on the CPSC's presence than on its program. This was the federal government's first foray into regulating gas appliances. Although the rule was one that GAMA now agrees that "industry could live with," some segments of the industry could not live with the idea of government regulation. An association spokesman says that it was inconceivable that the commission could have written a rule that GAMA would not have petitioned to revoke.
Petitioning so soon after the rule was adopted was probably a tactical error on GAMA's part. To grant the petition, the CPSC would have to admit that it had made a mistake—not enough time had elapsed to argue that circumstances had changed. Positions had also hardened as a result of the just-completed rulemaking process. It was doubtful whether the CPSC would take a hard look at the petition. In fact, the staff responded to the petition with a brief memo prepared in a matter of weeks, instead of with the conventional briefing package prepared over a course of months.
The petition brought forth unexpected disagreements within the commission and within industry. The CPSC Office of Program Management could not reach a consensus. Representatives from the Engineering Directorate favored granting the petition, those in Epidemiology and Compliance opposed it, and the economists said that it would make little difference either way. Industry was similarly divided. GAMA did not want the federal government to regulate gas appliances, but some major retailers saw an advantage in federal regulation. The "carrot of preemption," as CPSC staff members often refer to it, holds
out the promise of preempting state and local regulations. For the space heater this means preempting bans in many jurisdictions, opening up a possible national market. (That is, unless the states and localities petition for an exemption from preemption—something that GAMA predicted, and that soon came to pass.)
Unwilling to revoke what it had just enacted, the commission rejected the GAMA petition. Petitions for exemption from preemption soon followed. Officials at AGA Labs who questioned the desirability of the unvented space heater persuaded the president of AGA, without the approval or knowledge of those departments concerned with marketing, to provide information to jurisdictions interested in reinstituting their bans by obtaining an exemption from preemption. Petitions poured in from cities such as Victorville, California, which argued that a ban "provides a significantly higher degree of protection from the risk of carbon monoxide than does the Commission's standard."[46]
The legal issues concerning exemption were cloudy.[47] And the practical implications of these petitions were formidable—the CPSC apparently had to rule on each petition individually. By mid 1983 there were more than two dozen petitions. On October 5, 1983, the commission proposed what looked like an easy way out: revoke the rule. Sufficient time had passed since enactment of the rule to argue that circumstances had changed. The private sector had achieved important gains; by now, the ODS was standard equipment on all space heaters. To GAMA, it was a wish come true. To some of GAMA's members, however, it meant losing the carrot. Both Atlanta Stove Works and Birmingham Stove and Range Company opposed revocation as an unfair impediment to market expansion plans undertaken after the rule was first adopted.[48]
The issue was emotionally charged within the commission, but the reasons seemed symbolic, not substantive. Since the AGA/ANSI standard required the ODS, the only practical effect of revocation was that many states and localities would reinstitute bans that might have been granted anyway through the exemption process. There were no arguable detrimental effects on safety. Still, two of the five commissioners voted against revocation. One wrote a twenty-nine-page dissent that castigated the commission for taking "such an extreme and unparalleled action."[49] The same commissioner objected so strongly to wording in the proposed revocation notice that intimated CPSC endorsement of the voluntary standard that the notice was eventually reworded. The
CPSC had (finally) deferred to the private sector, but it was unwilling to say so directly.


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More college students will pay more to go to school.
The Kentucky Community and Technical College System board of regents voted to increase tuition by nearly 4%.
Starting next school year, in-state students will pay $140 per credit hour.
Students from counties touching Kentucky will pay $280 and it will be $490 for all others.
Report problems like potholes, broken street lights, or vandalism in Pulaski County. |


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November 21st, 2013, 05:39 PMLila Colette and Lila Simone are my favorites. Lila Colette is a refreshing combo while Lila Simone just rolls so beautifully off the tongue. How do...31 replies | 1279 view(s)
November 21st, 2013, 12:53 PMThank you all so much for the wonderful feedback :). I've decided to eliminate Lily completely out of the equation because of the teasing factor. The...31 replies | 1279 view(s)
November 21st, 2013, 12:33 PMColette Liliana is a beautiful option thank you :)31 replies | 1279 view(s)
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Me and my boyfriend came here for my birthday. We stayed on the 10th floor, would rather have been on the ground floor to walk out onto the beach. The room was clean and fresh, and the balcony ocean view was wonderful!! The staff was very accommodating when we had to cut our trip short by one day. We'll definitely... More
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Blind Item #6
This A list mostly movie actor has been happily married for what seems like forever. It is really on the rocks now. Always faithful, our actor has been spotted with a woman half his age on the set of his new movie who has been with him 24/7. She watches him while he is working and then is in his arms the second his shot is over.


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VT-122TS-2Z - Vinotemp 110 Bottle Dual Zone Touch Screen Wine Cooler - Black
Freight Shipping
Vinotemp 110 Bottle Dual Zone Touch Screen Wine Cooler - Black
The Vinotemp 110 Bottle Dual Zone Touch Screen Wine Cooler (VT-122TS-2Z) will satisfy even the most critical of wine connoisseurs. Its dual zone operation and wide temperature range of 45°-72°F allow you to keep both red and white wines at their optimum temperatures. Store approximately 44 bottles in the top zone and 66 in the bottom, each adjustable using the touch controls and digital temperature display located near the top of the unit. With an all black cabinet, seamless double-paned glass door and gliding black metal shelves, this wine cooler is an attractive storage option. Due to the frameless quality of the glass front and the soft blue LED interior lighting, your wine collection will become a beautiful display. The safety of your wine is ensured by the integrated security lock and key.
Dual Zone:
Store both red and white wines at their optimum temperatures using this wine cooler's dual zone operationBottle Capacity:
You can store approximately 44 bottles in the top zone and 66 in the bottom, giving you the capability to store up to 110 bottles of wineWine Display:
Due to the frameless glass door and soft blue LED interior lighting, your wine collection will become a beautiful display
- Model: VT-122TS-2Z
- Brand: Vinotemp
- Freestanding
- Nine (9) gliding metal shelves
- Touch screen control panel
- Two (2) temperature zones
- Frameless cabinet
- Recessed handle
- Warranty: 1 year limited
- Vinotemp 110 Bottle Dual Zone Touch Screen Wine Cooler
- Color: black
- Double-paned glass door
- Interior LED lighting
- Security lock and key
- Temperature range: 45°-72°F
- Input voltage: 120 V/60 Hz
- Bottle capacity: 110
- Dimensions: 51.7" H x 23.5" W x 26.8" D
You may download a product owner's manual below:
**Please note, Adobe Acrobat Reader is required to view pdf files
Usually Ships in 5 - 7 Business Days
This item ships via Freight Line Carrier Delivery times related to this ship method are usually between 3 to 7 business days once the item leaves the warehouse. We will forward tracking information to you once the product leaves our warehouse. The shipping company will contact you to arrange a delivery appointment as a delivery signature is required. All deliveries will occur Monday through Friday. Order must be fully processed by 12pm CST to be eligible for "Guaranteed Same Day Shipping." Orders processed after that time may ship out the following business day.Freight Line items will be delivered to the first ground floor exterior door available provided there are no stairs to ascend or descend. If you require inside delivery you will need to select the premium shipping option in checkout. To determine if the item is eligible for premium shipping please add it to your shopping cart and view the shipping options drop down box. Please contact our customer service department with any questions related to shipping at (800) 297-6076, M-F, 8am to 5pm CST.


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So I've checked for a signal from my throttle at the controller. It's a crystalite pedal first controller. Anyways I have 5-volts on the red and nothing on the green. Is it safe to say I need a new throttle? I checked continuity on every wire in the throttle as close to the throttle a possible and coming from the controller all good.
Thanks for any comments.


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Static Mixer For Turbulent Flow Applications
December 4, 2013 10:59 am | Product Releases | CommentsChemineer, Inc. is offering the Kenics UltraTab static mixer designed for turbulent flow applications where a high degree of mixing is required in a compact space.
LISTED UNDER: MIXERS, staticDual-Shaft Mixers
December 2, 2013 3:23 pm | Charles Ross & Son Company | Product Releases | CommentsRoss Dual-Shaft Mixers deliver a balance of bulk flow agitation and high speed dispersion required in the processing of viscous pastes, gels, suspensions, slurries and emulsions.
LISTED UNDER: Mixers, barrel/drum/jar rolling | MIXERS, high shear | MIXERS, low shearHeavy-Duty Grinder
November 25, 2013 10:16 am | Product Releases | CommentsProvisur Technologies Weiler introduces a line of heavy-duty grinders for meat grinding applications.
LISTED UNDER: MIXERS, sanitaryBuild-Up Resistant Impeller
November 19, 2013 10:10 am | Product Releases | CommentsThe RL-3 impeller from Chemineer is designed to prevent fibrous material build-up on the rotating impeller of agitators in blending and solids suspension applications.
LISTED UNDER: AGITATORS, turbine | Blades | MIXERS, propellerOn-Site Gas Blender
November 8, 2013 4:43 pm | Product Releases | CommentsCONCOA introduces a new blender that enables users to create custom-blended gas mixtures on site for GTAW and GMAW industrial welding applications.
LISTED UNDER: BLENDERS, Gas | MIXERS, GasSmall Batch Mixer
November 8, 2013 11:41 am | Product Releases | CommentsThe GMS 140 C small batch mixer is the latest addition to the assortment of Gericke Multiflux mixers distributed by Power Technologies, Inc.
LISTED UNDER: MIXERS, batchDust Free Powder Induction
October 1, 2013 5:20 pm | Product Releases | CommentsThe Ystral Conti-TDS brings major efficiencies to the production process by offering powder induction, wetting and then dispersing of an agglomerate-free liquid with one machine.
LISTED UNDER: BULK BAG UNLOADING, equipment | DISPERSERS, rotor/stator | MIXERS, sanitaryHigh-Shear Homogenization, Emulsion and Dispersion
September 24, 2013 10:00 am | Product Releases | CommentsChemineer, Inc. offers the Greerco Pipeline Mixer for continuous high-speed, high-shear processing for applications involving homogenization, mixing, dispersion and emulsion.
LISTED UNDER: MIXERS, high shear | MIXERS, homogenizing | MIXERS, sanitaryMixing it Up: A Look into Single-Use for the Downstream
September 24, 2013 10:00 am | by Eric Isberg, ATMI | Articles | CommentsIt is no secret that the transition to single-use technology for biopharmaceutical applications is often disruptive. Yet, as the industry continues to see the proven benefits of integrating these technologies, and in some cases fully transitioning to them, the paradigm shift that happened in the upstream is making its way into the downstream.
LISTED UNDER: MIXERS, low shearHigh Efficiency Axial Flow Impeller
September 18, 2013 10:00 am | Product Releases | CommentsThe Chemineer XE-3 is a high efficiency axial flow impeller for heat transfer, blending and solids suspension applications.
LISTED UNDER: BLENDERS, laboratory | MIXERS, propellerIn-Tank Mixing for Problematic Environments
September 11, 2013 11:55 am | Product Releases | CommentsPOWDER & BULK SOLIDS HANDLING EQUIPMENT: The Silverson Ultramix is designed for mixing in problematic environments, such as the difficult vessel geometry of IBCs and tote bins.
LISTED UNDER: MIXERS, sanitaryStatic Mixer
September 6, 2013 9:12 am | Product Releases | CommentsWEFTEC COVERAGE: The Kenics UltraTab Static Mixer has a compact installation space requirement and can perform complete blending operations in short distances downstream of the mixer.
LISTED UNDER: MIXERS, staticWastewater Mixers
September 3, 2013 9:12 am | Product Releases | CommentsWEFTEC COVERAGE: The Chemineer Model 20 HT/GT Mixers incorporate a modular design package that reduces the number of replacement parts that need to be carried in inventory by the operator.
LISTED UNDER: MIXERS, continuousMixer/Grinder
August 2, 2013 7:54 am | Product Releases | CommentsMOTORS, DRIVES & BEARINGS: Hollymatic's all stainless steel 900E mixer/grinder features a 200 lb. hopper capacity and grinds up to 65 lbs. per minute on second grind. Its innovative ergonomic design improves efficiency and safety while offering user-friendly operations like easy loading and unloading, as well as easy cleaning after each use.
LISTED UNDER: MIXERS, sanitaryMixing/Blending/Dispersion Blades
May 23, 2013 4:21 pm | Product Releases | CommentsConn and Company brings to the market three patented stainless blades, CONN Blade. It is made of UHMW Polyethylene, and it is an efficient and aggressive poly dispersion blade.
LISTED UNDER: Blades


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You're watching...
Federal Bailout for Illinois on the Way?
Illinois Policy Institute CEO John Tillman on the state's debt crisis.
Jan 10, 2013
You're watching...
Illinois Policy Institute CEO John Tillman on the state's debt crisis.
Jan 10, 2013
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About a new general assembly in Illinois was sworn in yesterday and it faces that State's estimated.
Billion dollar pension shortfalls -- -- billion.
Just from pensions.
Joining us now is -- tell them.
CEO of the Illinois policy institute John is a federal bailout on the way for Illinois first question obvious question is it.
-- and it is not coming up we can do anything about it sort Stewart and we thought that very hard we've tried for -- roadblocks under Durban has said he would not support it.
The house has said they would not supported by governor Quinn still wants one because it doesn't wanna face the truth that he have to reform pensions and a material way that's interest governor Quinn wants a federal bailout.
I mean did you know that he Rafidah Aziz come out and said yeah I really needed hasn't.
In the past he's alluded to -- want his sense denied that but he refuses to explicitly say I will not take a federal bailout -- any circumstances we continue to call for him to do that.
We have a horrible problem you quoted 96 billion dollars if -- used to normal discount rate it's really 200 billion dollars.
Another 54 billion an unfunded health care.
A retirement benefits and nine billion dollars and on the unpaid bills from the past we have a big problem requires a big solutions -- but if the governor is unwilling if -- if the politicians of Illinois -- -- willing to take big action.
That's on the on the the pensions all the nine billion dollars -- the -- you -- vendors within Illinois if you're not willing to take back big time action.
The you have to house a bail out all Hugo Boss.
I would be terrible have a -- for the rest of the country all your viewers the other 49 states many of those tapes during a responsible job managing their own finances should never support -- -- the congressional delegations from other 49 states should not support a bailout of the got a whole idea of federalism is that each state is responsible for its -- spending this would be like bailing out your -- when they -- in the pool when they couldn't afford it.
Or -- -- on a new family room back when before you -- wanna do that we shouldn't do that for the state of Illinois we've got to fix it ourselves and our growth solutions all the junk I am with you 100% yes you should.
Fix it yourself but I don't think you will.
I can see the day coming out on a wet but at some point people who lend Illinois money will say enough.
When not lending you any mall -- just not gonna do that point you've got a crunch and -- at that point I think.
That the the governor says hey I need some federal help.
-- what's interesting story that's a good point we pay 600 million dollars a year in -- extra interest cost because -- rating is so low and what's really fascinating to me what's going -- not you have super democratic majorities in both chambers -- a Democrat governor the Democrats have controlled this state for so long and you know with the press and opponents and the Democrat politicians are blamed for a failure to find a solution the Republicans.
It's amazing representative Tom Morris a Republican from the suburbs has been very courageous on this and people are trying to blame them.
When it's Mike Madigan John Thornton and Quinn who have the political power have to fix.
John please come on back because I'm -- in in -- deadline I mean when is the crunch donut companies this year and next yeah I I really wanna know that said about the US.
John Tillman thanks for joining us come back against him back -- -- --
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Alfred Hitchcock Presents: Vicious Circle
Professional hit man Manny Coe (Dick York) is kept on retainer by crime boss Mr. Williams (George Macready) to eliminate those crooks who have outlasted their usefulness to Williams' operation. When Manny bumps off an inept jewel thief, his girlfriend Betty (Kathleen Maguire) threatens to call the cops. Without batting an eyelash, Williams orders Manny to eliminate Betty. This ultimately proves to be unnecessary, but Williams is notoriously intolerant of those who do not carry out his instructions to the letter. ~ Hal Erickson, Rovi
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On the Loose
On the Loose was produced by the Filmakers Organization, consisting of producer Collier Young and director Ida Lupino (Mrs. Young at the time). Joan Evans stars as Jill Bradley, a teenager with an undeserved reputation as a "bad girl." No one -- not even her parents Melvyn Douglas and Lynn Bari -- will give Jill the benefit of the doubt. Only when the girl attempts suicide are her selfish parents awakened to her plight. Intriguingly, On the Loose was scripted by the husband-and-wife team of Dale Eunson and Katherine Albert, who happened to be the real-life parents of star Joan Evans. Though most Filmakers productions were directed by Ida Lupino, On the Loose was helmed by screenwriter Charles Lederer. ~ Hal Erickson, Rovi
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The Last Days on Mars
A secret mission on the surface of Mars leads to a cosmic struggle between a dwindling team of space explorers and an unknown life form. The crew of the Tantalus Base is wrapping up the first manned mission to Mars when one astronaut discovers fossilized evidence of bacterial life. Determined to get credit for the historic find, the astronaut defiantly ventures out to collect more samples despite strict orders to remain on the ship. When the ground seems to swallow him whole, the remaining crew launch a rescue mission that leads to yet another mysterious disappearance. Meanwhile, with the relief ship Aurora drawing near, it begins to appear as if the life form discovered by the Tantalus Base crew is far from dead, and should it somehow find its way back to planet Earth, humankind's days could be numbered. Liev Schreiber, Olivia Williams, Elias Koteas, and Johnny Harris star. ~ Jason Buchanan, Rovi
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When the president of a high-profile international-arms supplier takes his six best employees to an Eastern European mountain retreat as a means of rewarding them for all of their hard work, their team-building getaway turns into a life-or-death game of kill or be killed in Creep director Christopher Smith's suspenseful comedy thriller. Palisade Defense isn't just the leading supplier of weaponry for the war on terror, it's a company that truly cares about its employees. When the Palisade Defense's European sales division exceeds expectations, the president decides that his dedicated employees deserve a relaxing corporate team-building retreat. The trip takes a turn for the worst, however, when a deadly enemy infiltrates the retreat with the singular goal of ensuring that no one gets out alive. ~ Jason Buchanan, Rovi
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The Amateurs
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A man down on his luck hatches a different kind of get-rich-quick scheme in this independent comedy. Andy Sargentee (Jeff Bridges) is a middle-aged divorcé who is down in the dumps after the departure of his wife, Thelma (Jeanne Tripplehorn), and son, Billy (Alex D. Linz). The fact that Thelma's new hubby is quite wealthy only makes things more troubling for Andy, and he keeps thinking that if he had more money he could be back in her good graces. One night, while knocking back drinks with his friends, Andy has a brainstorm -- pornography is big business these days, so why not round up the local talent and make an adult movie? Andy persuades his friend Barney (Tim Blake Nelson) to sign on as co-producer, and they start putting together a crew, including Emmett (Patrick Fugit), a kid with a video camera who becomes director of photography; Otis (William Fichtner), who volunteers to be the gofer who doesn't really do anything; and as director a guy known only by his nickname, Some Idiot (Joe Pantoliano). Casting proves to be a bit more problematic, especially after they discover that Moose (Ted Danson), who has been cast in the male lead, may be gay when he repeatedly fails to rise to the occasion. The Amateurs also stars Lauren Graham, Valerie Perrine, and Glenne Headly as some of the local women drafted into appearing in the movie; the picture was released in the United Kingdom under the title The Moguls. ~ Mark Deming, Rovi
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Jeff Bridges
Ted Danson
, (
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Alfred Kinsey was an entomologist who taught at Indiana University and had a keen interest in an area of human behavior that had seen little scholarly research -- human sexuality. While the courtship and reproductive patterns of animals had been carefully documented, Kinsey believed that most "established facts" about human sexual behavior were a matter of conjecture rather than research and that what most people said about their sex lives was not born out by the evidence (a subject that had personal resonance for him given the troubles he and his wife Clara Kinsey had in the early days of their marriage). After introducing a course in "Marriage" at Indiana University which offered frank and factual information on sex to students, Kinsey began an exhaustive series of interviews with a wide variety of people from all walks of life in order to find out the truth about sex practices in America. When he published Sexual Behavior and the Human Male in 1948, his findings were wildly controversial, indicating that most men had a wider variety of sexual experiences than most people imagined, including a number of practices commonly thought to be dangerous or perverted (including pre-marital sex, same-sex contacts, and masturbation). An even greater outcry greeted Kinsey's next volume, Sexual Behavior and the Human Female, which contradicted common notions than most women went into marriage sexually inexperienced. Kinsey is a film biography written and directed by Bill Condon which examines Kinsey's life and work from his strict childhood until his death in 1956. Liam Neeson plays Alfred Kinsey, and Laura Linney co-stars as Kinsey's wife and colleague Clara. John Lithgow highlights the supporting cast as Kinsey's repressed and moralistic father, while Chris O'Donnell, Peter Sarsgaard, and Timothy Hutton play members of Kinsey's research team and Tim Curry appears as an IU faculty member at odds with Kinsey's teachings. ~ Mark Deming, Rovi
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Liam Neeson
Laura Linney
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Stage Beauty
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The true story of two performers whose careers were changed forever by a shift in gender roles on the British stage comes to the screen in this adaptation of the play Compleat Female Stage Beauty by Jeffrey Hatcher. In London, in the latter half of the 17th century, Ned Kynaston (Billy Crudup) is a noted star of the legitimate theater with an unusual specialty -- at a time when it was considered unseemly for women to work as thespians, Kynaston specialized in female roles, and was described by one writer as the most beautiful woman on the London stage. With the help of his faithful dresser, Maria Hughes (Claire Danes), Kynaston can turn himself into a striking actress in front of the footlights, and is starring opposite Thomas Betterton (Tom Wilkinson) in a production of Shakespeare's Othello when, while still in costume after a performance, he is propositioned by theatrical impresario Sir Charles Sedley (Richard Griffiths). The sexually open-minded Sedley isn't discouraged to learn Kynaston is a man, but he is bitterly angered by the actor's flip rejection of his advances. Sedley takes revenge against Kynaston by hiring a gang of criminals to beat him up. With Betterton's production of Othello closed while the leading "lady" recuperates, Hughes sees an opportunity and stages an underground version of the play, casting herself as Desdemona. While she lacks Kynaston's dramatic skills, the daring of her appearance on-stage creates a sensation, and King Charles II (Rupert Everett), a noted theater buff, is so taken with Hughes that he declares women should play women from now on. But as Hughes' star rises, Kynaston's quickly falls, and he becomes a bitter, forgotten man. When the novelty of Hughes' gender wears off and her failings as an thespian become obvious, she turns to her former friend Kynaston, hoping he can teach her to be as good an actress as he was. Stage Beauty's supporting cast includes Ben Chaplin, Edward Fox, and Hugh Bonneville. ~ Mark Deming, Rovi
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Billy Crudup
Claire Danes
, (
I Heart Huckabees
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Five years after achieving commercial and critical success with his film Three Kings, director and screenwriter David O. Russell returns to the more idiosyncratic territory of his earlier work with this intelligent and offbeat comedy. Bernard and Vivian Jaffe (Dustin Hoffman and Lily Tomlin) are a married couple who run an existential detective agency where they sift through the lives of their clients in order to discover the source of their angst. The Jaffes' latest client is Albert Markovski (Jason Schwartzman), an environmental activist who has a very large rock and a great deal on his mind; their study of Albert's problems lead Bernard and Vivian to Brad Stand (Jude Law), a public relations executive with a chain of successful variety stores, Huckabees. While publicly allying himself with Albert's environmental initiatives, behind the scenes Brad is running roughshod over responsible land management with little care for the consequences. When Brad learns he's being watched by the Jaffes, he hopes to co-opt them by hiring them himself; however, the plan has unexpected consequences when their questioning leads Brad's girlfriend, well-scrubbed model Dawn (Naomi Watts), into reassessing her life and relationships. Meanwhile, Albert finds himself joining forces with Tommy (Mark Wahlberg), a firefighter and fellow environmentalist who has been having second thoughts about Bernard and Vivian's ideas and methods after a long-term investigation and has since fallen under the spell of nihilist poet and philosopher Caterine Vauban (Isabelle Huppert). ~ Mark Deming, Rovi
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Jason Schwartzman
Isabelle Huppert
, (
The Order
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Oscar-winning screenwriter Brian Helgeland writes and directs the religious thriller The Order. Heath Ledger portrays a priest from a secret religious order called The Carolingians. He's sent to Rome to investigate the mysterious death of the head of the Carolingians, whose body was found with strange marks on its chest. While in Rome, he asks for help from an old friend (Mark Addy) and an elusive artist Shannyn Sossamon to help solve the murder. The priest ends up at the Vatican, where he learns of a sect that may be responsible for many mysterious deaths. Peter Weller and Benno Fürmann round out the cast. ~ Perry Seibert, Rovi
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Heath Ledger
Shannyn Sossamon
, (
Being John Malkovich
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Would you pay money to journey into the mind of the star of Con Air, The Killing Fields, and In The Line of Fire? Puppeteer Craig Schwartz (John Cusack) is having money problems, so he takes a temporary job as a file clerk on the seventh-and-a-half floor of a large office building. One day, while rummaging behind a cabinet, he finds a small door that leads to the center of the mind of actor John Malkovich (played by, you guessed it, John Malkovich). Craig discovers that entering the portal allows him to become John Malkovich for a brief spell, and in time he and his beautiful but aloof co-worker Maxine (Catherine Keener) get the bright idea to charge admission for the privilege of spending 15 minutes inside the head of a well-known actor. Malkovich realizes that something strange is happening to him, but can do little to stop it, as strangers take over his mind for a quarter-hour at a time. Craig's wife, Lotte (Cameron Diaz), eventually takes a trip into Malkovich's psyche, and she soon finds herself in love with Maxine, with whom Malkovich has an affair; meanwhile, Maxine in time becomes infatuated with both Craig and Lotte, but only when they're inside Malkovich. Being John Malkovich marked the feature-length debut of director Spike Jonze, who previously made acclaimed music videos for Weezer, the Beastie Boys, and the Breeders, among others. ~ Mark Deming, Rovi
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John Cusack
Cameron Diaz
, (
Red Rock West
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John Dahl directed and co-wrote (along with his brother Rick Dahl) this quirky and energetic film noir that, after a well-received screening at the Toronto Film Festival, was consigned to oblivion before resurfacing on cable television. When the owner of a San Francisco movie theater, who was a big fan of the film, arranged for a theatrical release, the film clicked and toured the country as an art house hit. The film concerns eternal loser Michael (Nicolas Cage), down to his last five dollars and looking for work. He finds himself at a bar in the town of Red Rock. The bartender, Wayne (J.T. Walsh) eyes him suspiciously and asks him, "You must be Lyle, from Dallas." Michael, eager to earn some cash, agrees. It seems Wayne has a job for Michael, but what Michael doesn't realize until too late is that the job is to kill Wayne's wife for $10,000. Michael heads out to Wayne's farm with the cash to warn Wayne's wife, Suzanne (Lara Flynn Boyle). Suzanne responds by offering to double Michael's fee if he will kill her husband instead. Michael takes the money and tries to leave town, but when a thunderstorm comes up, he runs over a man who was trying to flag him down. The sheriff arrives on the scene to attend to matters -- who turns out to be Wayne. Wayne proceeds to drive Michael out of town for an execution, but Michael manages to elude him. Flagging down a driver on the road who is driving back into Red Rock, they return to the bar, where the driver offers to buy Michael a drink. As Michael accepts the offer of a drink, he realizes that he is drinking with the real "Lyle from Dallas" (Dennis Hopper) who is awaiting Wayne's return. ~ Paul Brenner, Rovi
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Nicolas Cage
Dennis Hopper
, (
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Here's a fictionalized account of Jack Ruby's perspective of the events leading up to his assassination of Lee Harvey Oswald. Danny Aiello appears convincingly as the nightclub-owner Ruby who (according to this telling) points the finger at an FBI conspiracy as the force behind the Kennedy assassination. The film includes some actual footage from Ruby's Oswald shooting. ~ Rovi
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Danny Aiello
Sherilyn Fenn
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Wild at Heart
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Nicolas Cage and Laura Dern play a pair of lovers on the run in David Lynch's surrealist road movie Wild at Heart. Cage's Sailor Ripley is a violent ex-convict with an Elvis Presley fixation who falls in love with Dern's Lula Pace Fortune, the daughter of a rich, but mentally unstable, Southern belle named Marietta (Diane Ladd, Dern's real-life mother). Just after Sailor is released from prison, where he was jailed for brutally killing one of Marietta's thugs, he and Lula take off on a wild cross-country trip, pursued by his parole officer, her mother, criminals, bounty hunters, and detectives. Along the way, Sailor and Lula have a lot of sex, share their pasts, share their respective obsessions for Elvis and The Wizard of Oz, and meet a lot of bizarre characters, including a seedy ex-marine (Willem Dafoe) who persuades Sailor to participate in a bank robbery. ~ Stephen Thomas Erlewine, Rovi
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Nicolas Cage
Laura Dern
, (
Fear, Anxiety & Depression
This film focuses on the trials and tribulations of Ira (Todd Solondz), who is an unsuccessful playwright trying to find himself in New York City. ~ Iotis Erlewine, Rovi
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Todd Solondz
Max Cantor
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Kill Me Again
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In his film debut, novice director John Dahl (who would later make The Last Seduction), weaves a quirky tale of love, murder and deception. Jack Andrews (Val Kilmer), a seedy private detective is hired by Fay Forrester (Joanne Whalley-Kilmer), to help her fake her own death in a clever scheme to escape from her mob pursuers, whom she double-crossed stealing money she had been sent to pick up, and are now intent on killing her. There then ensues a series of complicated plot-twists, double-crosses and surprises as Fay and Jack race each other to escape the mobsters, who have found them, and to get the money before the other does. ~ Linda Rasmussen, Rovi
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Val Kilmer
Joanne Whalley
, (
The Blue Iguana
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In exchange for staying out of jail, down-and-out bounty hunter Vince Holloway (Dylan McDermott) agrees to work for corrupt IRS agents Vera (Tovah Feldshuh) and Strick (Dean Stockwell). Holloway travels to Diablo, a country run by criminals, to intercept a transfer of funds between crooked banker Cora (Jessica Harper) and gangster Reno (James Russo). Using a plot structure derived from Dashiell Hammett's novel Red Harvest, as well as from Akira Kurosawa's Yojimbo and Sergio Leone's A Fistful of Dollars, Holloway forms competing alliances with all parties to steal the money. As expected, everyone tries to double-cross everyone else. A would-be parody of film noir and westerns, John Lafia's The Blue Iguana unfolds more like a cartoon or a pinball game. ~ Steve Press, Rovi
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Dylan McDermott
Jessica Harper
, (
P.I. Private Investigations
When newspaper editor Charles Bradley (Anthony Zerbe) makes a call uncovering corrupt Los Angeles cops selling drugs, his phone is tapped and his architect son Joey (Clayton Rohner) is endangered. A detective is killed in Joey's apartment and detective Ryan (Ray Sharkey) is assigned to protect him. Ryan is in league with the crooked cops and tries to kill Joey. Joey escapes but is hit by a car driven by Jenny Fox (Talia Balsam). She takes him back to her place where Joey is nursed back to heath and the seeds of love are planted. ~ Dan Pavlides, Rovi
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The House on Sorority Row
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Sorority sisters are frighteningly plucked off one by one in this low-budget horror film by Mark Rosman. Katherine (Kathryn McNeil) is a serious-minded, thinking woman whose intelligence is about to stand her in good stead when events turn dark and murderous. She and the more evil-minded Vicki (Eileen Davidson), along with five other women, cannot believe it when their housemother forbids them to throw a big party on June 19th. As a response, the sorority women drown her in the swimming pool. One would think another date might have been negotiated. What they do not know is that the 19th marks the birthday of a very unusual offspring, born to the housemother 20 years earlier in an experimental procedure that left much to be desired. Apparently this son does not appreciate the murder of his mother, and mayhem begins from that point onward, and onward, and onward until the final climactic moment arrives at last. ~ Eleanor Mannikka, Rovi
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Kathryn McNeil
Eileen Davidson
, (
The Duchess
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Director Saul Dibb takes the helm for this period drama adapted from Amanda Foreman's best-selling novel Georgiana, Duchess of Devonshire, documenting the romantic entanglements of Georgiana Cavendish (Keira Knightley), a beautiful and clever woman who becomes a celebrity of British high society when she marries the Duke of Devonshire (Ralph Fiennes) and becomes consort to one of the most powerful men in England. Beloved for her trend-setting fashion designs as well as her political activism, Georgiana's fire and wit make her a beloved figure everywhere but her own home, where her cold and distant husband's control over her is stifling, soon sending her into the arms of a another man -- an act that soon forces her to learn about the brutal difference in the rights afforded to 18th century men and women. ~ Jason Buchanan, Rovi
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Keira Knightley
Ralph Fiennes
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Alien Autopsy
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Director Jonny Campbell teams with screenwriter William Davies for this satirical look at the notorious, purportedly genuine "Alien Autopsy" video that fascinated viewers worldwide before being exposed as an elaborately staged hoax in 1995. Aired in America by the Fox network, the Alien Autopsy video caused an overnight sensation among UFO enthusiasts while proving just how susceptible to hype the media truly is. Now viewers can follow the adventures of ambitious British pranksters Gary (Ant McPartlin) and Ray (Declan Donnelly) as they execute one of the largest-scale practical jokes ever attempted. Bill Pullman and Harry Dean Stanton co-star in a comedy that encourages viewers to believe none of what they hear, and only half of what they see. ~ Jason Buchanan, Rovi
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Ant McPartlin
Declan Donnelly
, (
Daddy's Dyin'... Who's Got the Will?
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This screen version of Del Shores' play follows a dysfunctional Southern family as they squabble among themselves over the family fortune. As the title would suggest, Daddy (Bert Remsen), the patriarch of a large family in the deep South, is reaching the end of life's journey as his health and energy slip away and he watches midget wrestling on a television that isn't even turned on. Daddy's children have all returned to the family home, ostensibly to show their support in their father's final hours, but mainly because they're eager to know how Daddy's estate will be divided. Sara Lee (Tess Harper) has arrived with her new fiancé, Clarence (Keith Carradine). Evalita (Beverly D'Angelo), the high-spirited "black sheep" of the family, also has her new beau in tow, a pot-addled musician and health-food salesman named Harmony (Judge Reinhold). Orville (Beau Bridges) has brought along his wife, the patient and long-suffering Marlene (Patrika Darbo). And Lurlene (Amy Wright) is a born-again Christian who isn't shy about expressing her views on sin and salvation. As the siblings and their companions bicker, Daddy announces that he can't remember where he put his will, leading to a frantic search. The film was directed by Jack Fisk, who made his name in film as an art director and production designer (he's also the husband of actress Sissy Spacek). ~ Mark Deming, Rovi
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Beau Bridges
Beverly D'Angelo
, (
Wondrous Oblivion
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Writer/director Paul Morrison, who directed the cross-cultural period drama Solomon and Gaenor, returns to similar ground, though in a lighter vein, with Wondrous Oblivion. Sam Smith stars as David Wiseman, a Jewish boy living in London in 1960 who dreams of being a world-class athlete. David is totally obsessed with cricket, and loves playing, even though he is one of the worst players at his school. His parents, Ruth (Emily Woof of The Full Monty) and Victor (Stanley Townsend), are struggling with the bigoted residents of their working-class neighborhood, but the neighbors get a bit more friendly to the Wisemans when Dennis (Delroy Lindo), a Jamaican laborer, and his family move in next door. David is shocked and delighted when he realizes that Dennis and his daughter, Judy (Leonie Elliott), are installing a cricket pitch in their backyard. Before long, and against the wishes of his worried parents, David is spending a lot of time next door, becoming very friendly with Judy, and becoming a much better cricket player. Ruth gradually warms to Dennis, but the rest of the neighborhood grows increasingly hostile. Wondrous Oblivion was presented by the Jewish Museum and the Film Society of Lincoln Center as part of the 2005 New York Jewish Film Festival. ~ Josh Ralske, Rovi
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Sam Smith
Delroy Lindo
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text:
Bay Area Birds and Sierra Nevada Birds
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text:
First of all thank you for taking time to chop it up with me & for always showing love on your TL. I appreciate the S/O's via Twitter.
sxyvee: Where are you from?
y. gutta: North County, St. Louis, Missouri
sxyvee: How did you get your artist name?
y.gutta: "Y. Gutta" was a name given to me by G.P. & Cro$$, formerly from The Cut Throat Boyz. Shout out to those guys!
sxyvee: How long have you been rapping?
y.gutta: For about 9 or 10 years now, ever since the 7th grade. We used to just have freestyle sessions in class.
sxyvee: What made you want to become an EMCEE?
y.gutta: Just my love for the art really. I been around music and people who loved music since I was a kid. It just kind of became a part of me.
sxyvee: Who were your inspirations? Do you think you sound like any of them? If so, what do you think the similarities are?
y.gutta: I have a ton of inspirations, people like 2Pac, Biggie, Big Daddy Kane, Bone Thugs N Harmony, Twista, T.I., KRS-One, Outkast, John Mayer, Aerosmith, The list goes on. I personally, dont think I sound like any of them but I have heard comparisons from others that I'm quite proud of to say the least.
sxyvee: What is your favorite song you have recorded thus far?
y.gutta: Easy, "Flame Up". From my most recent project "Respect My Genius" be on the look out for my music video coming soon! Had to do a plug. lol <<<make sure to send it my way
sxyvee: Have you ever been in a group?
y.gutta: Yeah when I first started back when I was about 16yrs old or so, the group name was "The Cut Throat Boyz".
sxyvee: Do you FREESYLE?
y.gutta: I freestyle yeah, but I don't have any freestyles on my albums and/or mixtapes. LOL, I don't believe in rushin' through my work. <<<some of these "rappers" can't freestyle SMFH, so good shit!!!
sxyvee: What are you own personal goals to set precedent in the music industry?
y.gutta: Just to be the best that Icould possibly be. Honestly, I'm not to interested in Grammy awards, selling out stores or nothing. I just wanna get paid for what I love to do, and be considered one of the best at what I do one day. <<<keep pushin' love!!!
sxyvee: Who are you favorite rappers now? Do you feel like they influence your style?
y.gutta: T.I., Big Krit, 2 Chainz, Andre 3000, Kanye West, John Mayer, Kings of Leon, Maroon 5, Party Rock, etc. I listen to some of everything. Yeah they influence me heavily, these are the people who set the standard as far as what's hot right now. So of course from my position, I have to follow and be influenced by their work.
sxyvee: What message do you want to send out to your fans, through your music?
y. gutta: That I've been through things, I want to capture every emotion that people have been through and/or they're going through. I feel like the best music, is music that people can relate too. I'm a real ass dude, and I want to exude that through my music. Have fun with this, but still show people there is a real side to what I do too. I do it for people who have been through the fire, and for people who just want to have fun.
Thanks again for taking time to chop it up with me…keep me posted on your video so I can post it for you. Follow my boy Y. Gutta on Twitter @yguttastl