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We stayed here recently with our kids. Our room was fine space wise, clean, and the bathroom was nice. Breakfast was included and the breakfast is terrific. Overall, it was a fine hotel--clean and in a decent part of town, but it's not anything to knock your socks off. The town itself is cute.
Germany >
Baden-Wurttemberg >
Uhldingen Muhlhofen
Ranked #1 of 4 Specialty lodging in Uhldingen Muhlhofen
Price Range (Based on Average Rates):
Hotel Class:3 star — Knaus 3*
- Reservation Options:
- TripAdvisor is proud to partner with Booking.com and Priceline so you can book your Knaus reservations with confidence. We help millions of travellers each month to find the perfect hotel for both holiday and business trips, always with the best discounts and special offers.


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Check items to add to the cart or select all
Product Description
Excalibur's 30mm Weaver base type scope rings are made from tough, lightweight aluminum and are anodized to a flat, non reflective finish.
-They are strong enough to withstand the heaviest recoil without moving or changing point of impact.
-Fits 7/8" Dove-tail, 30mm.
Additional Information
Manufacturer | Excalibur |
Suggested Retail | 24.00 |

subset: commoncrawl


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Drug Facts
Active ingredient | Purpose |
Guaifenesin 600 mg | Expectorant |
helps loosen phlegm (mucus) and thin bronchial secretions to rid the bronchial passageways of bothersome mucus and make coughs more productive
Do not use
- for children under 12 years of age
Ask a doctor before use if you have
- persistent or chronic cough such as occurs with asthma
- cough that occurs with too much phlegm (mucus)
Stop use and ask a doctor if
- cough lasts more than 7 days, comes back, occurs with high fever, rash or persistent headache. These could be signs of a serious illness.
If pregnant or breast-feeding, ask a health professional before use. Keep out of reach of children. In case of overdose, get medical help or contact a poison control center right away.
- do not crush, chew or break tablet
- take with a full glass of water
- this product can be administered without regard for timing of meals
- adults and children 12 years of age and older: 1 or 2 tablets every 12 hours; not more than 4 tablets in 24 hours
- children under 12 years of age: do not use
Other Information
- tamper evident: do not use if carton is open or if printed seal on blister is broken or missing
- store between 20-25° (68-77°F)
Inactive Ingredients
Carbomer 934P NF; FD&C Blue #1 Aluminum Lake; Hypromellose, USP; Magnesium Stearate, NF; Microcrystalline Cellulose, NF; Sodium Starch Glycolate, NF


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Best place to buy women's casual clothing outside Chittenden County (Best place to buy women's casual clothing outside Chittenden County)
The Getup Vintage Clothing
Winner: 2011.
- 27 Langdon Street, Montpelier, VT
- http://www.etsy.com/shop/thegetupvintage
If it was stylish between 1900 and 1980, there's a good chance you'll find it at the Getup. Hannah Bean, who owns the Montpelier store with Jeff Thomson — they closed their Burlington sister store at the end of July — is a self-declared "nostalgic nutcase." She handpicks everything they sell: slips in every imaginable hue, elaborate belt buckles, vintage sewing supplies, cowboy boots, aprons for kids, super-tight men's swim trunks from the 1960s, and more. And with her platinum blond, chin-length coif, she looks like she stepped right out of the bygone eras she adores.
SEVEN DAYS: What clothing item or fashion trend from the past do you most wish would make a reappearance in contemporary fashion?
HANNAH BEAN: Personally, I love the 1940s, the cuts and the fabrics. Things were fitted but comfortable, there was a lot of ruching detail and peplum. There's something about it that you just don't see in clothing a lot anymore.
— Megan James


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The naked lady with large hat, accompanied by a crying cherub, hangs outside a Deck 5 restroom on the Oceania Riviera, one of the newest ships cruising out of Miami.
The artwork is a lithograph signed in red crayon by Pablo Picasso.
"It's a beautiful drawing of a woman, so I thought the best place for it was that location. A women's bathroom is worthy of a Picasso," said Frank Del Rio, chairman and CEO of Prestige Cruise Holdings, parent of the upscale Oceania Cruises line.
Perhaps due to the location, passengers onboard the 1,250-passenger Riviera who noticed the drawing doubted it was authentic. But it's one of 16 original signed Picasso prints in the ship's extensive art collection, personally curated by Del Rio, and focusing on Latin art.
Oceania Cruises is not alone in bringing high art to the high seas.
Celebrity Cruises, Royal Caribbean, and Oceania's sister line Regent Seven Seas, for instance, are investing in collectible and museum-worthy contemporary art. The artwork on the ships includes original works and limited-edition signed prints. Paintings, sculptures photography and even, in the case of Celebrity, video and architecturally-integrated installations are part of the collections.
While Del Rio won't share the cost, the 1,000-work collection on Riviera is a prime example of how big bucks are being spent on cruise ship art that's worth more than a passing glance. The collections include works by well-known artists.
Del Rio said he relished weekends spent at Christie's auctions as he bid on artwork for the Riviera and sister ship Marina, which debuted in 2011.
The collection on Riviera includes the original work of artists from Cuba's vanguard movement — a Wilfredo Lam here, a Cundo Bermudez there — as well as contemporary Cuban artists including Julio Larraz, Humberto Benitez, Manuel Mendive and José Grillo.
Boldly colored views of the sea by Catalonian master Eduardo Arranz-Bravo hang in a lounging spot in the reception area.
There are also works specially commissioned for the ship, including by Cuban artist Carlos Luna. "These are pieces that would be selling for hundreds of thousands and we were very fortunate that he was very enthused about having his art at sea. He thought it was pretty nifty," Del Rio said.
At nearly every turn on Riviera there is an art lover's attraction, but Del Rio said more than just art appreciation is at play.
"I wanted the ships to have a warm, residential feel. We don't want these ships to look like typical cruise ships, and we didn't want an institutional, robotic art collection or mediocre art," Del Rio said. "I'd rather have no art than mediocre art. I hate fake. I hate copies."
There is also a bottom line involved. High quality art onboard helps set a high-class tone, he said. "This level of client sweats the details and therefore we need to sweat the details," Del Rio said.
Adam Goldstein, president and CEO of Royal Caribbean, agreed art makes an impression, though he said he believed a "relatively small percentage" of the line's passengers care enough about the art to seek it out.
"The large majority of our guests are not specifically cognizant of the art, but it definitely contributes to their overall appreciation for the quality of the ship that we put in the marketplace," Goldstein said. "Most guests do not comment about the art. They comment about the wait staff and the stateroom attendants, etc."


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For the 9:45 Fourth Grade Sunday School Class of Jersey Baptist Church | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Sat, 12 Jan 2013 Jan 12, 2013, 00:23
The Israelites had just left Egypt, but more was still in store to show them the power of God. Pharoah changed his mind yet again and chased after his ex-slaves with all the chariots of Egypt, but God stopped them with a pillar of fire just before they got to the Israelites, who were camped on the shore of the Red Sea.
Meanwhile God told Moses to hold his hand over the water of the Red Sea. Still another miracle took place as the waters parted and the Israelites walked across the sea on dry land.
When God removed his pillar of fire and the Egyptians tried to follow through the sea, God told Moses to stretch out his hand again. The walls of water collapsed, drowning all the Egptian army.
We will learn more about how God took care of the Israelites this Sunday. It's a great story—you won't want to miss it, and you'll want to invite a friend.
Tom and Sydney Cook
Comments are closed for this story. Mon, 31 Dec 2012 Dec 31, 2012, 14:13
Starting a new calendar year, we return to the children of Israel in Egypt. Next Sunday is the story of the Passover, the tenth and worst of the Egyptian plagues, which will finally convince the Pharaoh to obey God's command to "Let My people go!" The firstborn son of each Egyptian family would die, including the Pharaoh's own son.
God told Moses to prepare the children of Israel, and to tell them to place the blood of a freshly killed lamb over the doorpost of their homes. When God's angel of death saw the blood, he would pass over that house. This is the event that Jews continue to celebrate each spring until this day. It resulted in Pharaoh telling the children of Israel to get out of Egypt, and the Egyptian people giving them gold and silver and other riches to get rid of them. They had all seen enough of God's power!
We will talk Sunday about the Passover Seder, and how it helps Jews today remember how God brought them out of slavery to the land He had promised them, with a strong and mightly arm.
You'll want to join us and share some Matzoh as we learn more about this great event in history. Bring a friend along!
Tom and Sydney Cook
Comments are closed for this story. Wed, 26 Dec 2012 Dec 26, 2012, 16:30
We conclude our Christmas unit next Sunday with the story of the visit of the Magi, or Wise Men, to the newborn King. We know very little about these visitors. We know that they brought three gifts, but not how many visitors there actually were. But they had learned from studying God's creation that a new king would be born in Israel, and they traveled a long distance to worship Him and bring Him gifts.
The gifts were expensive and significant. Gold was a present for a king. Frankincense was a present for a priest. And myrrh, used to anoint a dead body, foretold Jesus' sacrifice.
We will take a look at some real gold, frankincense, and myrrh Sunday, and make our own video of the Wise Men's visit. You'll want to be there to join with us…and bring along a friend!
Tom and Sydney Cook
Comments are closed for this story. Mon, 17 Dec 2012 Dec 17, 2012, 22:43
Next Sunday is our celebration of Jesus' birth. We will look at the familiar story of the Nativity in some new ways, and have a birthday party with games and refreshments as we remember the night the Son of God was born. Come join us, and bring a friend!
Tom and Sydney Cook
Comments are closed for this story. Mon, 10 Dec 2012 Dec 10, 2012, 21:15
We pause in the story of Moses and the Exodus to learn about the birth of Jesus. We find many more angels on earth around this event than anywhere else in the Bible. Angels appeared to Zachariah, to Mary, to Joseph, and to the shepherds (this time a multitude of angels!).
God had promised from the beginning to bless the world through His people, Israel. Prophets like Isaiah and Micah had foretold where the Messiah would be born and what He would be like. Many other prophecies in the Old Testament had prepared the world for the coming of the Messiah, the "Anointed One," who would save His people from their sins. Now it was finally the time for the birth of Jesus, the Messiah, known as "Immanuel' (which means God with us.)
Join us this Sunday as we begin our celebration of Jesus' birth. Bring a friend to join the fun!
Tom and Sydney Cook
Comments are closed for this story. Mon, 03 Dec 2012 Dec 03, 2012, 23:09
Moses obeyed God and journeyed to Egypt, where he went before Pharoah and announced that God said "Let my people go" to worship on the mountain where God had appeared in a burning bush. Pharoah said "no" … he said he did not know this God named Yahweh ("I am who I am" ), and would not obey Him.
God proceeded to show Pharoah and the Egyptians who the One True God really is, as He brought plague after plague to punish them. Moses gave Pharoah every chance to repent and obey God, but Pharoah's heart was hardened. Through blood, boils, frogs, gnats, lice, hail, darkness, disease, and locusts, Pharoah continued to say "no."
Join us Sunday as we learn more about the Egyptian plagues God used to rescue His people, the Israelites, from slavery. Invite a friend to join us!
Tom and Sydney Cook
Comments are closed for this story. Mon, 26 Nov 2012 Nov 26, 2012, 19:58
After Jacob (Israel) and his family travel to Egypt, the Israelites remain there for 430 years. During this time the original family of 73 grows in number until there are 600,000 men (plus women and children). A new Pharaoh comes to power who does not know Joseph. The Israelites are made slaves, building the treasure cities of Egypt.
Pharaoh is afraid of the Israelites; although they are slaves, there are so many of them that they could form an army and threaten his kingdom. He plots against them, finally ordering every Israelite boy to be thrown into the Nile.
One family, Amram and Jochobed, defy the order and hide their newborn son for three months. When he became too big to hide, Jochobed and big sister Miriam place the baby in a waterproof basket and leave him floating in the Nile where Pharaoh's daughter might find him. God blesses their plan, and the baby is found by Pharaoh's daughter and brought up as her own son. She names him "Moses."
Moses knows his heritage, however, and as a 40-year-old man he kills an Egyptian for beating an Israelite slave. Moses escapes into the Midian desert to the east of Egypt, where he marries and becomes a shepherd. Another 40 years pass.
One day while keeping the sheep, Moses noticed a strage sight on Mount Sinai…a bush which was on fire, but not burning up. God speaks to Moses from the bush, and charges him with delivering the Israelites from Egyptian captivity and leading them back to the land God had promised Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. Reluctantly, Moses sets out with help from his brother Aaron to accomplish this mission.
Join us this Sunday, and bring a friend! It would be great to see you!
Tom and Sydney Cook
Comments are closed for this story. Wed, 21 Nov 2012 Nov 21, 2012, 00:43
God has now set the stage to bring Jacob and his family to Egypt. Joseph has gone on ahead and become the second in command of the nation of Egypt, and the famine foretold in the Pharoah's dreams extends into Canaan where Jacob and his remaining sons are still living.
The family of Jacob needs food, and Egypt is the only place to find it. Ten of the brothers head to Egypt, leaving Benjamin, the youngest, with their father.
When they arrive in Egypt, they meet with Joseph, although they do not recognize him. Joseph knows them, however, and decides to test them to see if they have changed since selling him into slavery. He finally sends them home with the food they need, but keeps Simeon as a hostage.
Jacob is distressed at losing another son, and refuses to allow the nine boys to return to Egypt for more food until they are close to starvation. They tell Jacob that they must take Benjamin with them this time, since Joseph had demanded it.
Finally arriving in Egypt again, Joseph greets them royally and feasts with them, finally revealing himself as their long-lost brother. Pharoah is happy that Joseph is reunited with his family, and sends for Jacob and the rest of the camp. Now they are all in Egypt, where they will remain until they are later taken into slavery and are finally led back to the promised land by Moses.
Joseph points out to his brothers that, while they meant evil in selling him into slavery, God meant it for good and used the events to save Jacob, his family, and many others from starvation.
Join us this week, and invite a friend! You won't want to miss it.
Tom and Sydney Cook
Comments are closed for this story. Mon, 12 Nov 2012 Nov 12, 2012, 19:38
Joseph was one of twelve brothers, sons of Jacob. He was Jacob's favorite son, and was given a special coat as a result. The coat, plus his dreams that his brothers would bow down to him, made his brothers hate him. They plotted to kill him, but instead sold him to slave traders who took him to Egypt.
In Egypt Joseph had many adventures, winding up in an Egyptian jail. Even there God blessed him as Joseph did his best to follow God and show himself honest, faithful, and hard-working. Finally his God-given ability to interpret dreams paid off as Pharoah was troubled with dreams no one else could interpet. Joseph described how God would send seven years of plenty followed by seven years of famine.
Pharoah was impressed with Joseph so much that Joseph was made second-in-command of Egypt, in charge of managing the food supply for the next forteen years.
Come be with us this Sunday as we learn more about the exciting story of Joseph. Also, remember this is the Sunday we need all of our decorated Thanksgiving bags returned, preferably with food to be shared with needy families for their Thanksgiving meal. You'll want to be there—along with a friend!
Tom and Sydney Cook
Comments are closed for this story. Mon, 05 Nov 2012 Nov 05, 2012, 17:13
After Jacob fled to Haran to stay with Rebekah's cousins, he got married and stayed there several yesrs. He worked for his uncle Laban and became very wealthy, as God blessed him. Finally, after he had eleven sons and a daughter, God told him it was time to return home.
Jacob packed up all his family and possessions and headed south to Canaan. He was afraid that Esau might still be mad at him, so he sent many gifts of livestock ahead to his brother. He divided his family and possessions into two groups, in case something happened to one of them.
As Jacob slept alone north of the Jabbock River, an angel from heaven appeared and began to wrestle with him. After the wrestling match, the angel told him God had changed his name to Israel. Along with the name change came a change of Jacob's heart, as he never acted deceitfully again as far as we know.
Esau met Jacob and hugged him, and the two brothers were no longer enemies. Jacob set up his home in Shechem, in the land God had promised to give him.
We'd love to see you in our class Sunday as we take a closer look at this great story. It would be a great week to invite a friend!
Tom and Sydney Cook
Comments are closed for this story. |
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Apple has spent more than a decade leaching its hip little tech toys into American homes and pop culture with very little pushback from the stodgy tech sector. Time's up.
A month after releasing its iPhone 5 and about a week away from debuting its iPad Mini and newest 13-inch MacBook Pro, Apple finds itself in a peculiar position. Revenue jumped 23% last quarter from the same period a year ago and the company's next year-end summary follows up a 66% annual revenue spike in its 2011 report.
As ubiquitous as the company seems, though, it's still not as big a force as it could be. Its 17% market share among mobile phones in the U.S. still trails Samsung (25.7%) and LG (18.2%), according to market research firm ComScore.
Meanwhile, its iOS platform's 34.3% share of the U.S. smartphone market still trails Google Android's growing 52.6% stake.
MORE AT The Street
That disparity is far more pronounced globally, where research firm Gartner says Nokia and Samsung's 41% mobile market share dwarfs Apple's 5%. Among global smartphone users, Apple fares somewhat better, with a 24% share of the market that's still been surpassed by Android's 50% dominance.
Among computer operating systems, Mac and iOS are still small players. According to Web metrics firm Net Applications, Microsoft Windows is the operating system of choice on 84% of all personal computers in the world. Mac operating systems are just 6.30%, or little more that Windows Vista's 6.15%.
So if Apple isn't meeting the monstrous potential its market cap and share price indicates, why is it so hard to find an Apple product that doesn't top a wish list of tech toys? The competition simply wasn't playing Apple's game ... until recently. While Apple products still hover near the top of critics lists, we and the folks at Decide.com found examples of products that either give Apple's playthings a good fight or bite into Apple's market by beating it at their own game.
These picks are going to require a few hours of comments field fury:
Apple contender: iPhone 5
Alternative: Samsung Galaxy S III 4G
How seriously are Samsung's Galaxy products threatening Apple's dominance? So seriously that Apple and Samsung remain embroiled in litigation over whether Samsung infringed on Apple iPhone and iPad patents to make its Galaxy smartphones and Nexus tablets.
Sales of both Samsung products were banned in the U.S. for a bit, but now the Galaxy S III is available to AT&T, Sprint, Verizon and even iPhone-deprived T-Mobile customers for as much as $150 less than the iPhone. The phone's Android 4.0 Ice Cream Sandwich, 4G LTE capability and quick dual-core processor are lovely, but the Galaxy SI's strong 8-megapixel camera and S Beam technology that allows users to move photos, videos, documents and other files between phones by tapping their backs together are its biggest advantages. Those earned it the same 94 out of 100 that Decide.com gave the iPhone 5.
While its S Voice is a pale replica of the iPhone's Siri and drains an already weak battery, the Galaxy S III is already beating the iPhone in an area where Apple was once thought invincible: apps. Say what you will about Google Play's selection compared with the App Store, but Google execs never had to offer an embarrassed apology for the quality of Google Maps.
(See also: Is the iPad too heavy?)
Apple contender: iPod Touch
Alternative: Samsung Galaxy Player 4.2
Apple's played this game with users for years, so why shouldn't Samsung?
You take all of the elements people really like about your popular smartphone, yank out the phone element for folks who don't want to pay for airtime or parents who don't want the cost of their kid's toy added to their monthly phone bill and watch the money trickle in.
This was the exact thinking behind the Galaxy Player, a 4-inch handheld that blazes past the Kindle Fire or Nook Tablet with its front and rear cameras, GPS, Bluetooth and support for Google's suite of official mobile apps, including Gmail, Google Talk and the Android Market. The iPod Touch clearly has the better camera of the two and a smoother display, but the Galaxy supports more video formats, high-quality YouTube and Netflix streaming, better sound quality for audio files with Samsung's SoundAlive audio enhancement settings and an FM tuner for old folks who still care to listen to the radio.
The latest Galaxy Player is competing with an Apple afterthought in a dying electronics segment, but Samsung's still taking the time to get it right. While not as impressive as the Galaxy S III, the Galaxy Player earned the same 90 rating from Decide as the latest iPod while selling for less. If price is the deciding factor, the Galaxy Player wins the day easily.
Apple contender: iPad 2
Alternative: Google Nexus 7
It's not often that the competition makes Apple move first, but how else do you explain the Nexus 7 beating the iPad Mini to the market by about six months?
The Nexus 7 is a whole lot smaller than the iPad 2 at 7 inches and comes in at about half the price of its big competitor. Starting at $200, it's also less than half the price. It has a fantastic HD display that lends itself well to games and movies thanks to a quad-core Tegra 3 processor delivers fast performance and a beautiful and responsive screen.
It's been getting some early competition from the $160 Amazon Kindle Fire HD, but the Amazon mini tablet gives buyers a bit more size and bulk than the Nexus 7. Google's also given its tablet a fighting chance by adding TV shows and buyable movies, welcoming Google Play to compete with Amazon Prime and iTunes offerings.
Right now the little tablet is the winner by default, but even if Apple gives the iPad mini the built-in expandable storage and back camera the Nexus 7 lacks, that lightweight design and low price are going to be tough to beat.
Apple contender: MacBook Pro
Alternative: Lenovo ThinkPad
Apple is supposedly tacking the introduction of its 13-inch MacBook Pro with Retina display onto the end of its iPad Mini presentation, which tells you about as much as you need to know about where the company thinks Macs fit in these days.
If iPads are doubling the sales and revenue of Mac laptops and Apple is pouring much of its efforts into its tablets and smartphones, what's the point of paying a premium for a Mac if its security is no longer uncrackable and integration is its only draw? Dell and HP may be hurting, but Lenovo just signed a sponsorship and supply deal with the NFL and wants folks to take a chance on its Windows-based laptops.
Decide loved the company's older 11.6-inch models and rated them second only to MacBook products among laptops. Its nearly 16-inch models are monsters by today's 13-to-15-inch standards, but Decide's given them an 88 out of 100.
The business community gives a whole lot of love to Lenovo models such as the X1 Carbon and X230 ultrabooks for their rugged style, keyboard setups that put the MacBook Air to shame and the familiar trackpad and trackpoint bump that the folks in blue shirts love so well. Their goal was to slim down, compete with new MacBooks on price and give their users a familiar experience the Macs still can't match. While the ThinkPads may win the race with MacBooks to laptop extinction, they're pulling in as many mourners as possible along the way.
Apple contender: iMac
Alternative: HP Pavilion Phoenix Desktop
Yet another category that tech companies seem to care about less and less.
iMac sales make up roughly a fifth of all Mac sales and were down almost 20% in the third quarter from the same time last year. In all of 2011, iMac desktop sales grew just 1% from 2010. The decline is speeding up and the sector is dying.
Still, there are offices that need workstations and desk space that needs filling. Decide gives a slight edge to the 27-inch iMacs and their all-in-one screen design, but is similarly taken with HP Pavilion Phoenix towers that come in at roughly half the price but offer 10 gigabytes of memory and a two-terabyte hard drive.
For gamers, that means no lag, great graphics and ridiculous sound from Beats Audio. For business folks, that means a smooth transition to Windows 8. For the average joe, it means having to find a monitor instead of having a nice, compact, minimally fanned all-in-one, but it also means having more speed and storage than you could ever hope to use.
Apple contender: Apple TV
Alternative: Roku 2 HD
Apple TV is great for Apple fans who want to integrate all their media and have access to all their iTunes files via their living room or use their Apple mobile device as a remote. Beyond that the perks stop at Netflix, Hulu, Major League MLB.tv, NBA League Pass, Vimeo, YouTube and Flickr and NHL Game Center.
That's wonderful and all, but if you're less keen on mirroring your Mac screen on your television and more concerned with cutting the cable cord, the similarly priced Roku 2 HD holds far more value.
For one, it gives Amazon Prime customers access to their Amazon Instant Video shows and movies and gives Wal-Mart's Vudu customers a link to their television and film content. It also pipes in music from Pandora and Rdio, content from Crackle, NBC News, Crackle, Disney.com, and CBSSports.com and gives viewers their pick of video games.
If you're looking to link up Apple devices, there's really no other streaming box choice. If you care more about the content than making all your toys communicate, though, the Roku 2 is really worth considering.


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Summary: A 22-year-old woman presented to the emergency department complaining of 4 hours of acute onset, sharp, severe, retrosternal chest pain radiating to her back. The pain increased upon inspiration and cough. There was no significant medical history or family history. The patient had been taking oral contraceptive pills for 4 years. The clinical examination revealed tachycardia and shallow respiration due to pain. Chest radiography with posteroanterior (PA) and lateral views was performed (Figure 1). The lateral view showed a streak of air outlining the pericardium, which was suggestive of pneumomediastinum. Due to the high clinical suspicion of pulmonary embolism and the history of oral contraceptive use, a spiral computed tomographic (CT) scan of the chest was ordered (Figure 2).
Spontaneous pneumomediastinum (SP)
The PA radiograph of the chest was normal (Figure 1A). The lateral radiograph showed a streak of gas outlining the posterior pericardium and portions of the descending thoracic aorta, which was suggestive of pneumomediastinum (Figure 1B). Spiral CT of the chest revealed the presence of free air within the mediastinum, with no evidence of pulmonary embolism (Figure 2).
Repeat PA and lateral radiographs obtained 96 hours after admission showed resolution of the previous findings (Figure 3). The patient was treated as an outpatient with analgesics and clinical follow-up.
In 1819, pneumomediastinum was first described by Laennec in patients with thoracic trauma.1 Spontaneous pneumomediastinum was described as a separate entity in 1939 by Louis Hamman (syndrome of Hamman). He described Hamman's sign, a bubbling or crackling sound in the thorax, occurring with cardiac sounds during the auscultation of the heart.2
In 1944, Macklin and Macklin3 concluded that SP is the result of barotrauma. Partial rupture of alveolar structures allows gas to escape through the bronchovascular sheaths toward the mediastinum (the Macklin effect) as well as to the neck or retroperitoneum. They found that the intra-alveolar pressure was greater than the pressure in the tissues surrounding the bronchovascular sheath. This pressure difference is accentuated when the intrapulmonary volume increases during forced vital capacity.3
Spontaneous pneumomediastinum is a pathology that usually presents in young males during the second and third decades of life. The reports of its incidence vary between 1 in every 12,000 to 1 in every 30,000 hospital admissions. Its diagnosis implies the exclusion of other causes of pneumomediastinum, such as esophageal rupture, pharyngeal trauma, infection, and trauma.4
Spontaneous pneumomediastinum typically occurs when there is a significant increase in pulmonary volume followed by a dramatic increase in intrapleural pressure as seen with sneezing, coughing, vomiting, and Valsalva maneuvers. The occurrence of SP has also been associated with inhalation of psychoactive substances such as cocaine and marijuana, when the inhalation is followed by a Valsalva maneuver.5 Patel et al2 speculate that the association between SP and the consumption of inhaled cocaine can be explained by the increase in the difference between the intra-alveolar and perialveolar pressures. The vasoconstriction of the intraparenchymal pulmonary arterioles that results from the direct effect of cocaine causes a drop in the pressure within the perialveolar tissue while the intra-alveolar pressure increases secondary to a maximal inspiration. This then leads to the rupture of alveoli and gas escape. Less common causes include: barotrauma, diabetic ketoacidosis that produces hyperpnea and vomiting, asthma attacks, intense exercise, weight lifting, scuba diving, and trombone playing.3,6
The diagnosis is clinically based on the presence of a triad of symptoms: Chest pain, dyspnea, and subcutaneous emphysema. The subcutaneous emphysema can be discrete or severe. Other, less common symptoms include cough, tachycardia, dysphagia, odynophagia, and anxiety.7
The diagnosis is confirmed with conventional chest radiography. Posteroanterior and lateral views show radiolucent streaks of gas that outline mediastinal structures. If enough air is present, the thymus can be outlined (thymic sail sign).
Radiological signs of pneumomediastinum include:
A lateral view is essential in the evaluation of this condition because a single anteroposterior view may miss this condition in up to 50% of cases. The lateral view increases the sensitivity of this diagnosis. Mediastinal gas causes lucent streaks that emphasize the ascending aorta, aortic arc, pulmonary artery, and trachea. The lateral projection can help differentiate this condition from pneumothorax. In some cases of pneumothorax, gas may ascend to the nondependent portion of the thorax, whereas the air in the pneumomediastinum has few shifts in position.8,9
CT of the chest can be used when the diagnosis is unclear or when there is a clinical suspicion of another pathology.10 Diagnostic tests such as esophagography and bronchoscopy are useful in ruling out traumatic or spontaneous esophageal (Boerhaave's syndrome) or bronchial tree ruptures. Chest radiography is usually sufficient in making the diagnosis.
The treatment of SP consists of rest and analgesics. Stable patients with no complications can be treated as outpatients with close radiographic and clinical follow-up. Typically, mediastinal air is resorbed over the course of 1 to 2 weeks. Cases of SP in children require pulmonary function tests because of the likelihood of coexistent asthma. Treatment with inhaled high-concentration oxygen may aid in the resorption of subcutaneous emphysema and has been associated decreases in recurrences of pneumomediastinum.11
Spontaneous pneumomediastinum must be considered as part of the differential diagnosis when evaluating a patient in the emergency department for acute chest pain. It is particularly relevant in cases of young patients with a history of asthma or inhalation of psychoactive substances or when the symptoms are related to Valsalva maneuvers. It has multiple radiographic signs on plain chest radiography, some of which are appreciated only on lateral views. CT plays an important role in the initial evaluation and is helpful in excluding other causes of pneumomediastinum or chest pain. Stable patients can be managed on a medical basis with analgesics and follow-up imaging.


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Morton's The Steakhouse - Atlantic City
Online Reservations
Mortons Steakhouse in Atlantic City was better than I expected. We were celebrating our anniversary and were greeted with congratulations and given a special anniversary edition to the menu. Our server JoAnne was awesome as was all of the staff. They took our picture and within minutes we had it in a signed frame to take home. The food was over the top delicious, everything cooked to perfection. If you want a wonderful dining experience, go to this restaurant, you will not be disappointed. We can't wait to go back
I have heard nothing but amazing things about Morton's steakhouse so we decided to try the one located in Atlantic City for a romantic dinner. The ambience was nice, but I honestly expected the tables to be seperated apart more; I could hear the conversations next to me and the couple wasn't loud at all. The food was great, but not amazing. For the fact that is a high-end restaurant, I honestly expected more. I have eaten at plenty of steak houses that were "lower end" and the other resaurants had more presentation. They provided not just a meal, but an experience as well. Morton's just didn't deliver. Look, if you are just looking for a good meal, there are plenty of amazing restaurants in AC that cost the same but are worth more.
Morton's can easily be one of the most expensive dinners you have in your life. But it's absolutely worth it. Perfect prime steaks on an 1800 degree broiler, fantastic service, and a beautiful dining room make for a fantastic, old-school dining experience.
Loved every ounce of my dinner. Wedge with bleu was outstanding. Macaroni and chees mother couldn't duplicate and a steak that was perfect. I will go back soon.
Every little detail, from the bread and softened butter, to the delicious salads, to the unbelievably tender filet...did I mention the desserts? Outstanding experience! We will be back!
The ambience is lovely & everyone there is very accommodating. Our server gave us recommendations & all were great choices. One of the best steaks I've ever had. Even the manager stopped by to see how everything was. Can't wait to go back.
Made a reservation at Morton's while on the way to town, and made it for late, half an hour before close. Arrived late. They knew who we were by the lateness of our arrival, but they still took us right to a nice table and got started on helping us. Took care of us way past close, and the food was FANTASTIC! I got the ribeye, which ruled, my companion got the porterhouse. He had never eaten a real steakhouse steak before, and was floored by the taste. He is still talking about it days later! Great service, great food, great restaurant. Worth the money.
Enjoyed a large group outing at Morton's. the food and service was excellent.
Went for a birthday celebration and was extremely pleased with the whole experience. The food was absolutely delicious. The service was fantastic. They made us feel very special. Will Definitely return.
From the start to finish our meal was superb!!!! Great service and the complimentary birthday dessert was a great touch!
Not only did my old lady hit for 13k we had the most enjoyable dinner ever great food and services from all , I definitely recommend this book for a great night out with the other half or with your crew.
Morton's made my 40th birthday great night to remember.
I loved the atmosphere in the restaurant. Very comfortable and relaxing. The chopped spinach salad was delicious with the warm bacon dressing. We both ordered the filet, which was cooked perfectly and melted in your mouth. It was wonderful. After dinner we had the upside down apple pie with vanilla ice cream. As stuffed as we were, we couldn't stop eating it. The drinks were great as well. Our server was very attentive and the manager was wonderful as well. We cannot wait to go back!
Our server was very helpful, recommended a good red wine. Started with the crab meat cocktail which was good, had the filet mignon which was cooked perfectly and tasted great. Ordered the sour cream mashed potatoes which were good ( the horseradish mashed would be the better choice) Ended with the choclate mousse; an excellent way to celebrate my birthday.
Wonderful food, drinks & service. A must do when you visit AC. Not cheap but worth the price!
I made a reservation months ago for my husbands birthday. We have never been here before so I decide to do something new. When we arrived the greeted my husband with happy birthday. The table was ready and waiting with happy birthday menus. Our server Tara was so great! We felt like we were her only table. We ordered the shrimp cocktail for appetizer. The presentation was beyond us! Part of our dinner we ordered the Mac and cheese. It was the best Mac and cheese I've ever tasted. We could not stop talking about it. The cocktails were great too. Made just right. For desert they brought a happy birthday slice of cake. Tara took a picture of the table and minutes later comes out with a card to take.everything was great and perfect
The staff was very professional while still being personal. There was a rowdy bunch of New Yorkers sharing the same dining room but their behavior was to be expected. Bennys coming down for the weekend I suppose. Anyway the staff was very professional and tried their best to quiet them down. Being in a customer service driven field I was pleasantly surprised at how they handled the situation. The food was delicious and the whole experience was excellent. I will definitely be returning, not just only for a special occasion.
Took my wife to Morton's for our wedding anniversary. The service was excellent and The food was great. Had the bacon steak appetizer that was Awesome. Both of us are steak lovers and the steaks were good. Cooked to perfect temperature and were good cuts. As a steak lover, I am only going to rate them as good not great because I felt the steaks were lacking a wow factor considering the cost. However, the service and atmosphere overall were great.
Great experience and fantastic steaks. Host and wait staff excellent. Only problem was I could not resist dessert and ate too much!
It is a great place for that special occasion. The service is outstanding as you never wait for anything. The food menu is excellent for steak and seafood. There are specials available, the steak and seafood combo being my favorite. My latest meal consisted of a 6oz. filet mignon and scallops wrapped in bacon (broiled). The salad included with the meal is huge and you may not want to finish it. There are a number of sides that are available and normally are shared. Dessert is also included. Be prepared for the check. This is definitely an upscale restaurant and his pricey. Your tab can get quite high if there are alcoholic drinks included. This is one of my favorite places for that special occasion. I will go here a couple of times a year.
The food was phenomenal. The steak was seansoned very well and cooked to perfection.
Had our anniversary dinner here. The service and ambiance were great as well as the little details for our anniversary (personalized menu, free dessert). The food in general was very good but the steak needed some more seasoning.
Morton's is my go to special occasion restaurant. Even though it's pricey it is worth every penny. The food is awesome the service is outstanding!
This is a restaurant that knows how to make a special occasion feel "special". My husband is a big steak lover and we were very happy with the food quality and professional service at Morton's. Each one of the staff who interacted with us wished him a happy birthday but never did it feel tacky or annoying. The free birthday photo was also a very nice touch. We had a great experience and will visit Morton's again in the future.
No negative comments, but nothing that makes this restaurant stand out from other high end steakhouses.
Was kind of a last-minute thing and I really like this place! The servers and staff were very good and our waitress (I believe it was Joanna) was superb. The only complaint was my husband's steak. He said it was a bit tough. Well the manager came and made it her business to right the wrong. No complaint there. I would definitely go back there.
Morton's AC was fantastic. The food was served so hot it could burn you mouth and it was superb. Steak was served perfectly. Can't find enough superlatives for Morton's AC. If you're thinking of a great mouth watering steak dinner waste no time making reservations at Morton's AC. You will not be sorry.
The food was terrific and our server, Kelsey, was friendly and very knowledgable. You come here for great steaks and you get great steaks! We would definately come back. One issue, though. We were presented with a $20 lemon soufflés for dessert. We were told it was because of our anniversary. We were not given an option and we're never offered the dessert menu. We were allowed to believe this was complimentary, but later saw we had been charged for it. We didn't feel we could complain because by the time the bill arrived we had eaten the soufflés. We'd already spent $200, did they really need to sneak this on us? We were going to order dessert anyway.
So of course it's going to be good. It all comes down to service and attitude. Service was decent. Attitude was not that great!
Everything was good..Mix up on the steak order.George got well done.wanted Medrare..Jim got medrare wanted welldone.Both ate before they realized mistake..O.K. still good. We will be back..Thanks DotMcGonigle
The staff went out of there way to help is celebrate our ammiversary
My wife and I both had overcooked steaks. Mine was suppose to be Medium Rare and was burned on the outside and her was medium well and came out blackened
Robin might have been the best waiter that I have ever had. He was accomodating, friendly, and knew when to check on us. The food was really good, I wouldn't say it was to die for, but very good. The only thing I did not really care for was the key lime pie I had. Overall it was a great experience.
This is my first time at this restaurant in atlantic city, I have had lunch and dinner in your manhattan restaurant which I love and woyld highly recomend, also in Puerto rico the Caribe Hilton which we loved and enjoyed there evening dinner specials. The specials in Puerto rico had more variety in there specials which included appitizer and soup or salad main course and desert, Atlantic city only had main course nothing else was included........ I did like the fact that in Atlantic city they did take time to take our picture and had it to us before we left which to me was a nice touch to remember our visit....
We had a party of 6 for a family birthday dinner and the evening was great. The staff was outstanding - very helpful, attentive, friendly and professional. Meal was delicious and great wine selection. Will definitely return again!
We selected Morton's to celebrate our anniversary. From the moment we entered we experienced white glove service. The food was great, and they even took a picture of us and included a picture holder signed by the team. They gave us a wonderfully memorable evening.
The service was prompt, professional. Our server Barry was great and the only thing was the lighting was too dark. So much that two different patrons at each side of our table had to use a flashlight app on their phone to read the menu. NOT GOOD FOLKS!!!
When gambling, always a destination must. This time, thanks for making it a great birthday!
Morton's is hands down one of the finest establishments to celebrate a special occasion. The food is always incredible, the ambience is exactly what you would expect and the service is second to none. They make our anniversary special year after year.
We love the Morton's chain. This facility was exceptional with the service and accommodations. Our Waiter Matt and his assistant Dana and the wine steward took exceptional care of our party of 7. We are VIP members and the staff's attention was deserving of high accolades - which we did note on the check. The place is a real busy place for Saturday nights so as with many Morton's the reservations helped make for quick seating.
Celebrated 25th wedding anniversary. Menus were customized with a congratulatory message and the staff who greeted us wished us congratulations as well. Very nice and personal touch. Our waitress was fabulous and very sweet. Food was outstanding.
My friend and I dined there on a Tuesday night. The place was packed and felt very energetic. The food was absolutely wonderful. My friend especially enjoyed her lobster bisque. Will definitely dine here again.
As always, Morton's doesn't disappoint. definitely not for those on a diet or watching their cholesterol but a really awesome splurge. what I really want is the recipe for the creamed spinach.
I had a wonderful time at Morton's this pass weekend. Out of the other 2 places I go I really enjoyed Atlantic City. My waitress was superb and will ask for her whenever I go back. Our food and drinks were great as well. Morton's is my favorite steakhouse.
I just love Morton's!!! Everytime we come to atlantic city, we ways eat at Morton's twice :) our children even love the steak and shrimp! If you are ever in AC you MUST eat at Morton's steak house!! Or wherever you are and you see one! The staff are great always so friendly with great bubbly personalitys your cup is always filled :)
Everything was just great service food server was greeted by every worker that passed the table general manager ever stopped to check on us Joined the club so a return visit is guaranteedBarry was an excella
this is a special occasion restaurant for my husband and I. we go every year for our anniversary this was our 51st.
We made a reservation through Open Table merely seconds before we walked through the door. We checked our coats, were seated immediately and Nicki was our waitress. She was absolutely professional and helpful with our wine selection. The food was delicious and we will be returning.
The food was outstanding, the steak was cooked to perfection. When we booked our reservation I checked the anniversary box. Little did I know that they would give us a special menu with our name On it, take a photo of us and have it signed by the staff wishing us happy anniversary. Also a dessert Was on the house for the special occasion. The staff was very friendly and knowledgable. They did not rush you in and out. I look forward to going back in the future.
If you love good steak, amazing service, and an amazing wine selection, you've found your spot. Even the seafood is spectacular. I am most definitely returning again!


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KLAMATH FALLS, Ore. – Oregon Tech volleyball coach, Jason Corwin, announced recently the signing of standout recruit, Kelsey Sampson, of Folsom, Calif. to a national letter of intent.
Sampson, a 5-9 outside hitter at Vista del Lago High School was voted 2012 team MVP for the Eagles. After recording 468 kills, along with 323 digs and 69 aces, Sampson earned her third Sierra Valley all-league award as well as the 2012 SVL MVP to go along with 2012 All-Metro and 2012 Second-Team All-State accolades.
"Kelsey is a five-tool 6 rotation outside hitter that can put a swing on any ball from anywhere on the floor, "said Corwin. "She is a smart hitter with range and power, a savvy defender and consistent passer. Kelsey is a fierce competitor with a winning attitude that brings a lot of energy to the court."
Kelsey is the daughter of Dana and Jeanne Sampson and plans to major in engineering at Oregon Tech beginning this fall.
Klamath Falls
La Grande


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SPA Scintillation beads are microspheres containing scintillant which emit light in the blue region of the visible spectrum. As a result, these beads are ideally suited to use with photomultiplier tube (PMT) counters such as the TopCount™ or MicroBeta™.
Two types of core SPA Scintillation bead are available – yttrium silicate (YSi) and Polyvinyltoluene (PVT). A number of biological coatings also exist for each core bead type to enable receptor binding, kinase, molecular interaction and radioimmunoassays to be investigated.
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LANDMARK STUDY FINDS NONPROFIT FUNDRAISERS AND RETAIL STORES REPORT TOP DIRECT & INTERACTIVE MARKETING RESPONSE RATESORLANDO, FL, OCTOBER 12, 2003 -- A new landmark study from the Direct Marketing Association (The DMA) found that nonprofit fundraisers, retail stores, and establishments rendering services to businesses achieved the top average response rates. According to The DMA 2003 Response Rate Study, the average response rate for the 1,122 industry-specific campaigns The DMA studied was 2.61 percent. The study found the industries that utilize direct and interactive marketing to achieve above average response rates were:
"As the marketplace continues to change affected by the economy, deregulation, competition, and the need to offset expensive advertising campaigns direct marketing techniques are now being used by a wider spectrum of audiences," said H. Robert Wientzen, president & CEO, The DMA. "Over time, industries like financial services, insurance, manufacturing, packaged goods, business services and others have been increasingly involved in using direct marketing media to solicit direct orders and most especially to generate leads. As word continues to get out about the healthy returns on marketing dollars invested, we anticipate that growth trends will only continue well into the future." OVERALL INDUSTRY RESPONSE RATE BY MEDIA
Direct Mail: The overall average response rate for direct mail, including mailings to both house and prospect files, was 2.54 percent. Direct mail produced the highest response rates for:
Catalog: The overall catalog "media" average of 2.41 percent is just below the catalog "industry" average of 2.52 percent. Industries that utilize catalogs to achieve above average response rates included:
E-Mail: All industries that were surveyed, except real estate, are now using e-mail in their direct marketing mix. More than nine out of 10 Web marketers surveyed reported that they allocated their media dollars for e-mail marketing to their house files. At this still early stage in the evolution of e-mail marketing, the average overall response rate for e-mail campaigns was 1.88 percent. Significant leaders in e-mail response rates include:
Notably, these five industries had particularly high results in their lead generation efforts, many of which were also for high-ticket items. With the exception of retail stores, these industries are also more focused toward the business-to-business market where spam issues are not as sensitive as they are in consumer marketing. Telephone: The average response rates for telephone marketing were the highest of all media, yet the average promotion costs were also relatively higher. According to the study, the average response rate for telephone marketing campaigns is 7.44 percent. Industries that utilize telephone marketing to achieve above average response rates were:
The full report is priced at $195 for DMA members ($395 for non-members). It can now be ordered through The DMA Book Distribution Center by calling 1.800.344.8328 (U.S.) or +1.610.461.3548 (internationally) and online at www.the-dma.org/bookstore. About The DMA 2003 Response Rate Study: The DMA 2003 Response Rate Study provides, for the first time anywhere, response rate benchmarks detailed by media and industry. Conducted by The DMA during the first quarter of 2003, the study measures data on more than 1,500 direct and interactive marketing campaigns. The research contains response rate information from 23 industry categories -- such as financial products & services, health services, insurance carriers/agents, manufacturing, packaged goods, retail, and travel -- broken down by purpose -- direct order, lead generation, traffic generation, and fundraising -- media, and market. Detailed information on promotional tools, free offers, shipping, rebates, and sweepstakes also are included in the study. About The DMA: The DMA is the leading trade association for businesses interested in interactive and database marketing, with nearly 4,700 member companies from the United States and 53 other nations. Founded in 1917, its members include direct marketers from every business segment as well as the nonprofit and electronic marketing sectors. According to a DMA-commissioned study, direct and interactive marketing sales in the United States surpassed $2 trillion in 2002, including $126 billion in catalog sales and $34 billion in sales generated by the Internet. The DMA's Web site is www.the-dma.org, and its consumer Web site is www.shopthenet.org. ### |


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Browsing Okavango Research Institute (ORI) by Title
Meck, M.L.; Atlhopheng, J.; Masamba, W.R.L.; Ringrose, S. (Elsevier. http://www.elsevier.com, August 20, 2010)[more][less]
Abstract: The study set out to determine the weathering and dissolution of metal hosting minerals at Dorowa for purposes of deducing pollution potential to the nearby Save River. Phosphate rock is mined at Dorowa for the production of phosphate fertilizer. The major minerals found in the ring complex are feldspars, pyroxenes, apatite, magnetite and calcite. Chemical analysis established that the rocks are associated with metals that include copper, lead, zinc, cobalt, nickel, tin and cadmium. Among the many minerals present apatite and calcite host metals more than the other minerals due to their crystal structure. This study investigated the weathering and dissolution of these two minerals. Both apatite and calcite dissolve in natural environmental conditions prevalent at Dorowa. From the analysis the study concludes that the potential availability of metals trapped in the calcite and apatite structures is high. The understanding of weathering and dissolution of metal hosting minerals is important in predicting quality of water around the study area, because most villagers use the Save River as their primary drinking water source. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/833 Files in this item: 1
VanderPost, C.; Ringrose, S.; Seely, M. (Botswana Society, NaN, 2005)[more][less]
Abstract: Image processing in the upper Okavango catchment resulted in ten generalised classes which may be used as base line data for monitoring future overall land-use/cover change assessments over the entire upper catchment. Specific work was undertaken using single images for more detailed land-use/cover mapping in a 10 km buffer along all tributaries of the upper Okavango in Angola and Namibia. In terms of the under-developed Angolan upper catchment there is relatively little land clearing at present, and impacts on water use and quality are expected to be minimal in the near future. This is a consequence of 20 years of civil war, while the return of refugees is being inhibited by the prevalence of land-mines. Much more extensive development is taking place in Namibia along the southern bank of the Kavango river. This area is likely to become more intensively used as Namibia attempts to develop greater food security. Further work is required to monitor the impacts from Namibian agricultural expansion. These are likely to be pervasive in terms of the ecology of both the Mahango Game Reserve in Namibia and the Okavango Delta in Botswana. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/936 Files in this item: 1
VanderPost 2005 Prelim.pdf (2.370Mb) -
Dallas, H.F.; Mosepele, B. (African Journal of Aquatic Science http://www.nisc.co.za/journals?id=2, NaN, 2006)[more][less]
Abstract: The spatial distribution of aquatic macroinvertebrates in the Okavango River Delta, Botswana, was investigated during the low-water period in February 2003. This complements an earlier study undertaken during high-water in June 2000. Seventy-five samples were taken in a range of aquatic habitats at 29 georeference points in four focal areas: Upper Panhandle (UPH), Lower Panhandle and Guma Lagoon (LPH), Moremi Game Reserve/Xakanaka (MGR), and Chief's Island (CI). Over 180 morphospecies (approximately 63 families) were recorded during the survey. Multivariate analyses of macroinvertebrate assemblages indicated that assemblages in each of the four focal areas were at least 54% similar at morphospecies level, and 71% similar at family level, although some taxa were more or less common in different areas. Differences in macroinvertebrate assemblages were observed amongst different habitat types, with differences most pronounced between the deltaic habitats and isolated seasonally-flooded pools and temporary rain-filled pools in MGR and CI. The highest number of taxa was recorded in the MGR (125), followed by the UPH (96), CI (93) and the LPH (89) areas. The most families were recorded in the Hemiptera (11), followed by Mollusca (10), Diptera (nine), Coleoptera (nine), Crustacea (six), Ephemeroptera (six) and Odonata (four). Three families of Hirudinea and Trichoptera, and one family of Lepidoptera, were also recorded. Hydracarina were common but not identified beyond order, while Oligochaeta were less frequently recorded. With respect to the different aquatic habitats sampled, the highest number of taxa was recorded in marginal vegetation in the channels and lagoons, although inundated floodplains, floating vegetation and marginal vegetation in backwaters also supported many taxa. The fewest taxa were recorded in sediment. This survey, whilst representing a 'snapshot' of the system under low-water conditions, highlights the importance of maintaining a mosaic of aquatic habitats in the Delta. Further studies would enhance our knowledge of the aquatic macroinvertebrate biodiversity of the Okavango Delta, thereby contributing to its conservation. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/869 Files in this item: 1
Dallas_AJAS_2007.pdf (1.160Mb) -
Mosepele, K.; Mosepele, B.; Williams, L. (Botswana Society, NaN, 2005)[more][less]
Abstract: This study investigates the feeding ecology of Schilbe intermedius across its entire life history. Data were collected using experimental fishing nets in two habitats in a seasonal floodplain. The results showed that S. intermedius has an ontogenetic shift in feeding behaviour where the young fish are primarily generalist predators, feeding on aquatic invertebrates while the older fish are more specialised predators feeding primarily on fish. This study showed that there is a higher potential for intra-specific competition among the older fish than in the younger size classes. However, it was recognized that this study is a snap-shot of the feeding ecology of S. intermedius and that a longer time series study is needed to study its feeding ecology. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/940 Files in this item: 1
Mosepele 2005 Prelim.pdf (1.295Mb) -
Mbaiwa, J.E. (John Wiley and Sons, http://www.wiley.com, NaN, 2004)[more][less]
Abstract: This paper uses the concept of sustainable rural livelihoods and income diversification to assess the role that basket making as a cultural tourism activity can play in improving rural livelihoods in the Okavango Delta, Botswana. Using both primary and secondary data sources, this paper points out that shocks and natural causes such as drought, disease and changing flood levels in the Okavango River, particularly the drying of the Thaoge (one of the distributaries of the Okavango), have contributed to a decline in livestock and crop yields and increased poverty levels in the region. Therefore, alternative livelihood options that can diversify rural incomes from agricultural production need to be identified. This paper argues that basket making has the potential to diversify rural incomes and improve livelihoods in the Okavango. Baskets are a cultural tourism product that can raise income earning and employment opportunities for rural residents in the Okavango. For this to be successful, basket making will need to be developed as part of cultural tourism. A sustainable cultural tourism sector where baskets are key products requires the sustainable use of natural resources used for basket making. These resources are at present overharvested and are threatened with depletion. There is also a need to promote the empowerment of basket weavers particularly in entrepreneurship and managerial skills in the tourism business, attract young and educated people and promote the preservation of traditional basket making skills, which are important in the development of cultural tourism. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/935 Files in this item: 1
Mbaiwa 2004 Int Journ Tourism.pdf (3.700Mb) -
Tesfaye, G.; Teketay, D.; Fetene, M.; Beck, E. (Elsevier, www.elsevier.com, NaN, 2010)[more][less]
Abstract: Regeneration of seven indigenous tree species having significant ecological and economic importance was investigated in the Munessa-Shashemene dry Afromontane forest (MSF), southern Ethiopia. Densities and distributions of seedlings, saplings and trees were assessed along gradients of altitude, light and disturbance using quadrat sizes of 10×5 m (for seedlings) and 20×20 m (saplings and trees) following line transects. The number of individuals, frequency and height of the study species were recorded in the quadrats at every 100 m drop in altitude. Seedling densities varied markedly among the species and altitudes. Mean densities (number of individuals ha−1) of seedlings ranged from zero (Polyscias fulva) to 5334 (Prunus africana), and from three (Polyscias fulva) to 102 (Podocarpus falcatus) for trees and saplings. Canonical Correspondence Analysis revealed that seedlings of Celtis africana and Croton macrostachyus were highly favored by disturbance and, hence, were concentrated in canopy gaps within the forest. Based on their population structures, the study species could be categorized into three groups: (1) Species that showed the highest proportion of individuals in the lowest height class and with a gradual decrease towards the upper height classes, which suggests good regeneration; Podocarpus falcatus, C. africana, C. macrostachys and P. africana belonged to this group. (2) Species that showed higher proportions of individuals in the lowest height class and with missing individuals in the subsequent middle height classes, indicative of hampered regeneration; Syzygium guineense and Pouteria adolfi-friederici belonged to this group. (3) Species with no individuals in the lowest and middle height classes but represented by individuals in upper height classes; P. fulva belonged to this group. The species categorized in the last two groups exhibited hampered regeneration, and P. fulva is in the verge of local extermination. High seedling densities (e.g. C. africana and P. africana) and/or adaptive defense mechanisms to herbivory (e.g. P. falcatus and C. macrostachyus) were common attributes of species, which exhibited good regeneration. Regeneration problems were largely attributed to human disturbance, lack of suitable habitat for seed germination or problems associated to seed set (seed predation or abortion). Our study indicated that P. fulva, P. adolfi-friederici and S. guineense require the highest immediate attention for conservation in the MSF. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/827 Files in this item: 1
Caylor, K.K.; Dowty, P.R.; Shugart, H.H.; Ringrose, S. (November 23, 2011)[more][less]
Abstract: The observed variability in vegetation structure within landscapes was used as the basis for model estimates of the range of annual productivity of landscape patches at four sites along a moisture gradient in southern Africa ranging from 879 to 365 mm mean annual rainfall. Principal components of patch-scale variability in leaf area, woody biomass and vertical leaf profiles were derived from intensive characterization of the small-scale spatial structure of woody vegetation at each site. For each site, the mean and extremes of the principal component distribution parameterized an ecophysiology model of vegetation productivity. Vegetation was most heterogeneous at intermediate locations along the rainfall gradient. Variability in vegetation structure led to a range of annual productivity within one site (600 mm) that accounted for 68% of the total range in mean productivity across all sites. Patch-scale estimates of tree productivity were found to be primarily correlated to annual rainfall (r2=0.66, P=0.001) and not woody leaf area (r2=0.01, P=0.75), while grass productivity was found to be related to values of woody leaf area (r2=0.77, P<0.001) and not annual rainfall (r2=0.11, P=0.29). This result indicates that life-form interactions have a significant role in controlling vegetation productivity across the rainfall gradient. The findings of this study emphasize the importance of considering heterogeneity rather than mean structure when modeling productivity, particularly when considering dynamic vegetation structure, where differences between landscape patches may not be well represented in the mean structure. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/933 Files in this item: 1
Caylor Ringrose 2004.pdf (1.770Mb) -
Thakadu, O.; Irani, T.; Telg, R. (http://www.informaworld.com, April 12, 2011)[more][less]
Abstract: The present study examined the relative effectiveness of 2 public instructional communication methods in improving selected predictors of knowledge-sharing behaviors among communities in the Okavango Delta, Botswana. A total of 120 subjects took part in a quasi experimental study, with 2 experimental treatments: (a) visualized Power Point presentation and (b) verbal presentation with no visual aids. The results showed that neither method was more effective than the other. However, significant differential effects of method by grouping factor, position, were found among belief and intention measures. The study concluded that neither method was more effective, but recommended use of integrated public instructional communication methods. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/778 Files in this item: 1
Neuenschwander, A.L.; Crawford, M.M.; Ringrose, S. (Taylor & Francis; http://www.tandf.co.uk/journals/titles/01431161.asp, October NaN, 2005)[more][less]
Abstract: The Earth Observing-1 (EO-1) satellite acquired a sequence of data in 2001 and 2002 that highlighted the annual flooding of the lower Okavango Delta. The data were collected as part of the calibration/validation programme for the Advanced Land Imager (ALI) sensor on the NASA EO-1 satellite. The primary purpose of this study was to compare the capability of ALI to that of Landsat ETM+ for large-scale mapping applications in the Okavango Delta. While the extent and inaccessibility of many areas of the Delta make application of remote sensing attractive, the availability of data with adequate spatial and spectral resolution has limited the characterization of the complex patterns of land cover and geomorphology in the Delta. Initial analysis of the ALI data via supervised classification clearly showed macro-flood features, delineation of downstream channel flow areas, and lateral-downstream inundation of the floodplain. These patterns and the proportions of flooding of the channel compared to that of the floodplain (impoundment) varied annually, from the wetter seasonal swamps through the drier seasonal and occasional swamps. Consistently higher classification accuracies achieved using ALI data relative to ETM+ data are attributed to the higher signal-to-noise ratio and the increased dynamic range of the ALI data. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/169 Files in this item: 2
license.txt (1.998Kb)neuenschwander_ringrose_ijrs_2005.pdf (2.296Mb) -
Vanderpost, C.; Ringrose, S.; Matheson, W.; Arntzen, J. (Elsevier, December 14, 2010)[more][less]
Abstract: A methodology was devised for comparison of generalised range condition over time, irrespective of the nature of original imagery used. It was applied for range condition change mapping throughout Botswana through 1984-2000. Results showed that range degradation was most widespread during the 1980s drought when 25% of the country was affected, decreased to 6.5% in 1994 and increased to 9.8% in 2000. This suggests that these semi-arid rangelands are fairly resilient and can withstand "normal" droughts even under conditions of heavy grazing pressure. However, degradation that persists during normal or above average rainfall years is related to increasing livestock and other pressures on rangelands and may represent areas with severe range recovery problems. This application meets some requirements of a semi-arid developing country looking to improve range condition monitoring over relatively remote areas. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/779 Files in this item: 1
Murray-Hudson, M.; Wolski, P.; Ringrose, S. (Elservier, www.elsevier.com, NaN, 2006)[more][less]
Abstract: Changes in hydrological inputs to the flood-pulsed Okavango Delta result in changes in such flooding characteristics as floodplain water depth, inundation duration and frequency. A mathematical model is used to assess impacts of changing hydrological inputs on flooding in the Okavango Delta. Future conditions are simulated by superimposing simulated abstractions, upstream developments and climate change effects on the observed time series of hydrological inputs. The effects of change in inputs are then determined by comparing hydrological characteristics such as inundation duration and frequency derived from the original and modified time series of model outputs. Simulations show that upstream abstractions are likely to have small short-term effects on the flooding pattern in the Delta, while other upstream developments such as damming or deforestation have more pronounced effects. All of these effects are relatively small, however, when compared to changes resulting from existing climatic variability, and those from the possible effects of future climate change. The combined effects of human abstraction and climate change, manifested as increased temperatures, decreased rainfall, and reduction in river flows, may result in significant Delta drying. The simulated hydrological changes affect the Delta floodplain ecosystems, with anticipated changes in the area and proportions of permanent swamp, areas covered by sedge and grass vegetation (seasonal floodplains) and floodplain grasslands (intermittently flooded areas). These will have varied effects on ecological processes in the Delta, in particular vegetative succession, primary production, and relationships of floodplains with the surrounding woodland and savannah. Additional ripple effects up trophic levels can also be expected. There may also be downstream impacts on tourist facilities presently on the fringes of the seasonal swamps as a result of reduced or increased flooding. As a result of altered flood regime, some effects are also anticipated with respect to the recharge of aquifers, which are currently used for drinking water supply around the Delta. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/1193 Files in this item: 1
Veenendaal, E.; Kolle, O.; Lloyd, J. (Blackwell publishing, www.blackwellpublishing.com, NaN, 2004)[more][less]
Abstract: We studied the seasonal variation in carbon dioxide, water vapour and energy fluxes in a broad-leafed semi-arid savanna in Southern Africa using the eddy covariance technique. The open woodland studied consisted of an overstorey dominated by Colophospermum mopane with a sparse understorey of grasses and herbs. Measurements presented here cover a 19-month period from the end of the rainy season in March 1999 to the end of the dry season September 2000. During the wet season, sensible and latent heat fluxes showed a linear dependence on incoming solar radiation (I) with a Bowen ratio (β) typically just below unity. Although β was typically around 1 at low incoming solar radiation (150 W m−2) during the dry season, it increased dramatically with I, typically being as high as 4 or 5 around solar noon. Thus, under these water-limited conditions, almost all available energy was dissipated as sensible, rather than latent heat. Marked spikes of CO2 release occurred at the onset of the rainfall season after isolated rainfall events and respiration dominated the balance well into the rainfall season. During this time, the ecosystem was a constant source of CO2 with an average flux of 3–5 μmol m−2 s−1 to the atmosphere during both day and night. But later in the wet season, for example, in March 2000 under optimal soil moisture conditions, with maximum leaf canopy development (leaf area index 0.9–1.3), the peak ecosystem CO2 influx was as much as 10 μmol m−2 s−1. The net ecosystem maximum photosynthesis at this time was estimated at 14 μmol m−2 s−1, with the woodland ecosystem a significant sink for CO2. During the dry season, just before leaf fall in August, maximum day-and night-time net ecosystem fluxes were typically −3 μmol m−2 s−1 and 1–2 μmol m−2 s−1, respectively, with the ecosystem still being a marginal sink. Over the course of 12 months (March 1999–March 2000), the woodland was more or less carbon neutral, with a net uptake estimated at only about 1 mol C m−2 yr−1. The annual net photosynthesis (gross primary production) was estimated at 32.2 mol m−2 yr−1. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/937 Files in this item: 1
Veenendal 2004 GCBiology.pdf (2.375Mb) -
Moleele, N.M.; Reed, M.S.; Motoma, L.; Seabe, O. (John Wiley and Sons, http://www.wiley.com, NaN, 2005)[more][less]
Abstract: Laboratory-based seed storage systems have been developed as an alternative to in situ conservation for indigenous woody plant species. However, interactions between seed quality and environmental variables must be known for each species prior to seed collection, storage and sowing to ensure effective conservation. This study investigated Acacia tortilis seed weight/quality patterns across seven Botswana seed provenances in relation to: soil nutrient status, altitude; latitude; slope angle; % grass cover; height and density of other woody plants nearby. The higher rainfall and relatively eutrophic seed provenances of northwestern Botswana (Chobe, Okavango and Makgadikgadi) were associated with large A. tortilis species and seeds, as well as higher densities of woody plants. Spatial variation in seed weights of A. tortilis was principally a function of rainfall and soil organic carbon. Although more work is required to establish the relationship between seed weight and germination rates for A. tortilis, this research suggests that seed collection should focus on sites with high levels of rainfall and soil organic carbon. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/947 Files in this item: 1
Moleele African Jour Eco.pdf (705.1Kb) -
Magole, L. (http://www.routledge.com/, NaN, 2009)[more][less]
Abstract: This paper analyses land management policy using land use mapping, interviews with farmers and other stakeholders, and a review of secondary material. The study was carried out in the Lake Ngami area of Ngamiland District in Botswana. It found that the net effect of policy and development initiatives implemented to curb perceived overstocking, overgrazing, open access tenure and low-output subsistence production was to narrow down the livelihood options for the rural poor and cause further damage to the rangeland. Policy-makers ignored the multi-purpose land use systems and goals of traditional pastoral systems, and emphasised commercialisation of livestock farming and privatisation of communal land. This unfortunately weakened or destroyed the local, traditional land management institutions and set in motion the shrinking of the commons. These policies are a colonial legacy that has survived the transitions from colonial rule to independence. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/807 Files in this item: 1
Mladenov, N.; McKnight, D.M.; Wolski, P.; Murray-Hudson, M. (Elsevier, www.elsevier.com/locate/ecolmodel, NaN, 2007)[more][less]
Abstract: In order to examine dissolved organic matter (DOM) fluxes in seasonal wetland systems that expand and contract seasonally, a time-variable model of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) was developed for a seasonal floodplain in the Okavango Delta of Botswana. The model simulates DOC concentrations from March 2001 to November 2002, during which time DOC concentrations varied between 8 and 31mgCL−1. The model uses a continuously stirred tank reactor (CSTR) approach to describe the hydrologic and biogeochemical controls on DOC leached from litter within the floodplain and transported into the floodplain from upstream. In 2002, a fire burned the floodplain and less litter was available for leaching than in 2001. The model was driven by observations of discharge, water temperature, upstream DOC concentrations, and DOC leaching rates from leaching experiments. Leaching experiments with sedges and grasses indicated that on average 23mgDOCg−1 were leached during the first day ofwetting and 0.6mgDOCg−1 d−1 were continuously leached afterwards. Leaching experiments also showed a decreased amount of DOC released from burned litter and soils than from unburned litter and soils. A two-pool first-order decaymodel that represents both rapidly (0.14 d−1 (at 22 ◦C)) and slowly (0.045 d−1) decaying pools of DOC provided the best representation of observed patterns in DOC concentration in 2001. The decay rate of the first pool decreased by nearly half in 2002, when an estimated 78% of litter was removed by fire. Upstream DOC transport into the floodplain was the dominant source of DOC (representing approximately 70% and 75% of the DOC input in 2001 and 2002, respectively), followed by DOC leaching from litter and DOC originating from microbial sources. In 2001, decomposition (representing approximately 36% of the DOC loss), outflow to an adjacent floodplain (36%) and infiltration (28%) were the major removal mechanisms for DOM from the study floodplain. The large amount of DOC transported by infiltration implies storage of DOC in the subsurface, whichmay influence subsurface heterotrophic activity. In light of future climate change anticipated for the region, a scenario using a 2 ◦C increase in average water temperature and 10% reduction in upstream DOC mass was performed and resulted in significant (11%) reduction in annual DOC mass within the study floodplain. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/497 Files in this item: 1
Mladenov2007Simulation.pdf (2.048Mb) -
Cassidy, L.; Binford, M.; Southworth, J.; Barnes, G. (Taylor & Francis, October 23, 2009)[more][less]
Abstract: The trend of land cover (LC) and land cover change (LCC), both in time and space, was investigated at the Simen Mountains National Park (SMNP), a World Heritage Site located in northern Ethiopia, between 1984 and 2003 using Geographical Information System (GIS) and remote sensing (RS). The objective of the study was to generate spatially and temporally quantified information on land cover dynamics, providing the basis for policy/decision makers and resource managers to facilitate biodiversity conservation, including wild animals. Two satellite images (Landsat TM of 1984 and Landsat ETM+ of 2003) were acquired and supervised classification was used to categorize LC types. Ground Control Points were obtained in field condition for georeferencing and accuracy assessment. The results showed an increase in the areas of pure forest (Erica species dominated) and shrubland but a decrease in the area of agricultural land over the 20 years. The overall accuracy and the Kappa value of classification results were 88 and 85%, respectively. The spatial setting of the LC classes was heterogeneous and resulted from the biophysical nature of SMNP and anthropogenic activities. Further studies are suggested to evaluate the existing LC and LCC in connection with wildlife habitat, conservation and management of SMNP. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/811 Files in this item: 1
Mbaiwa, J.E. (Routledge, http://www.informaworld.com, NaN, 2004)[more][less]
Abstract: The objective of this article is to assess the socio-cultural impacts of tourism development in the Okavango Delta, Botswana. This paper largely relied on the research work and reports by the author in the Okavango Delta from 1998 to 2004. In all instances, both primary and secondary data sources were used. However, much of the paper is based on the results of a survey carried out between April 2001 and July 2002. Findings indicate that tourism development in the Okavango Delta has both positive and negative socio-cultural impacts. Some of the positive socio-cultural impacts include income generation and employment opportunities from both community-based tourism projects and safari companies, infrastructure development such as airport and airstrips, tarred roads, hotels, lodges and camps, the improvement of social services such as banking, health, telecommunications and access to electricity. The negative socio-cultural impacts include enclave tourism, racism, relocation of traditional communities, breaking up of the traditional family structure, increase in crime, prostitution, the adoption of the Western safari style of dressing and a traditionally unacceptable 'vulgar' language by young people. This article argues that tourism needs to be sensitive to local cultural norms and beliefs for it to be accepted by local people and promote sustainable development. This is possible if all the stakeholders (government, operators and local people) collaborate in policy formulation, implementation and monitoring. This can minimise the negative cultural impacts and instead promote the positive. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/946 Files in this item: 1
Mbaiwa 2004 Tourism Culture.pdf (4.520Mb) -
Bird, M.I.; Veenendaal, E.M.; Lloyd, J.J. (John Wiley and Sons, www.wiley.com, NaN, 2004)[more][less]
Abstract: We present a study of soil organic carbon (SOC) inventories and δ13C values for 625 soil cores collected from well-drained, coarse-textured soils in eight areas along a 1000 km moisture gradient from Southern Botswana, north into southern Zambia. The spatial distribution of trees and grass in the desert, savannah and woodland ecosystems along the transect control large systematic local variations in both SOC inventories and δ13C values. A stratified sampling approach was used to smooth this variability and obtain robust weighted-mean estimates for both parameters. Weighted SOC inventories in the 0–5 cm interval of the soils range from 7 mg cm−2 in the driest area (mean annual precipitation, MAP=225 mm) to 41±12 mg cm−2 in the wettest area (MAP=910 mm). For the 0–30 cm interval, the inventories are 37.8 mg cm−2 for the driest region and 157±33 mg cm−2 for the wettest region. SOC inventories at intermediate sites increase as MAP increases to approximately 400–500 mm, but remain approximately constant thereafter. This plateau may be the result of feedbacks between MAP, fuel load and fire frequency. Weighted δ13C values decrease linearly in both the 0–5 and 0–30 cm depth intervals as MAP increases. A value of –17.5±1.0‰ characterizes the driest areas, while a value of −25±0.7‰ characterizes the wettest area. The decrease in δ13C value with increasing MAP reflects an increasing dominance of C3 vegetation as MAP increases. SOC in the deeper soil (5–30 cm depth) is, on average, 0.4±0.3‰ enriched in 13C relative to SOC in the 0–5 cm interval. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/942 Files in this item: 1
Bird Veneendaal 2004.pdf (1.620Mb) -
Otter, L.B.; Scholes, R.J.; Dowty, P.; Privette, J.; Caylor, K.; Ringrose, S.; Mukelabai, M.; Frost, P.; Hanan, N.; Totolo, O.; Veenendal, E. (Wageningen Institute for Environment and Climate Research, http://library.wur.nl/, NaN, 2002)[more][less]
Abstract: The Southern African Regional Science Initiative (SAFARI 2000) involved two wet season and one dry season field campaigns. This paper reports on the wet season campaigns. The first was conducted at five sites along the Kalahari Transect in Zambia (Kataba Forest) and Botswana (Pandamatenga, Maun, Okwa River Crossing, Tshane) during February 2000 and concentrated primarily on characterizing the land surface with respect to exchanges of matter and energy with the atmosphere. The second, conducted in February 2001, focused on fluxes of water, gases and energy between the canopy and the atmosphere at Maun, Botswana, and at Skukuza in the Kruger National Park, South Africa. Eddy covariance measurements at Skukuza and Maun were designed to collect a near-continuous record of the seasonality and inter-annual variability in savanna carbon, water and energy exchanges in representative savanna ecosystems. This paper gives brief descriptions of the sites, the measurements made, and the methods used. It highlights some preliminary results, particularly from the first campaign, and outlines the next stages of the SAFARI 2000 project URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/1031 Files in this item: 1
Otter_ Southern_africa_2002.pdf (1.002Mb) -
Masamba, W.R.L.; Muzila, A. (Botswana Society, NaN, 2005)[more][less]
Abstract: The concentration of the metal ions Na, K, Ca, Mg, Zn, Cu, Mn, Co, Fe, Cr, Ni, and Pb were determined in water samples of the Okavango Delta's panhandle - Maunachira-Khwai water system during periods of high (June 2004) and low (November 2004) water flow. The concentrations of Na (1.67 to 12.77 mg/L), K (1.37 to 5.80 mg/L), Ca (2.46 to 6.98 mg/L) and Mg (0.69 to 2.83 mg/L) increased with distance from Mohembo indicating concentration of these metal ions by evaporation. Cu (up to 0.028 mg/l), Co (up to 0.053 mg /L), Fe (0.010 to 0.60 mg/L), Ni (up to 0.052mg/L), Mn (up to 0.044 mg/L) and Pb (0.017 to 0.28 mg/L) generally decreased in concentration with increase in distance from Mohembo, indicating that the Delta acts as a filter for these ions. Zn (0.049 to 0.101 mg/L) had lower concentrations at Mohembo than the other sampling sites, indicating solubilisation of previously deposited metals ions, or presence of Zn within the Delta. Chromium was not detected except at Seronga (0.026 mg/L) during periods of high water flow. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/951 Files in this item: 1
Masamba 2005 Spatial.pdf (2.281Mb)


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The FullyRaw Recipe Competition is finally here! Woo hoo! Win a free Vitamix Blender and over 120 Low Fat Raw Vegan Recipes!
Video @ www.youtube.com/fullyrawkristina
The competition takes place from May 21st-31st, and everyone is welcome to share a recipe! There will not be just 1 winner, but 12 who will walk away with a special prize! The grand prize is a Vitamix blender!
10 more winners will also gain access into the Rawfully Organic Recipe Archive, which has over 120 Low Fat Raw Vegan (80/10/10) seasonal recipes that uses over 100 different varieties of fruits and vegetables! That's not all! One special person will be selected by FullyRawKristina for a personal consultation as well!
The goal of this competition is to create a recipe community, where people can share raw recipes! Over time, the recipes will build, and everyone will be able to look back at the page and get ideas for making raw food dishes! How cool is THAT?! As long as you are creating dishes that are 100% FullyRaw, you are game! Please keep your ingredients as fresh as possible, avoiding processed or any packaged raw foods.
So how may you participate may you ask?! It's SO easy!
1) Go to www.facebook.com/fullyrawkristina and "like" the page.
2) Click on the tab for our "FullyRaw Recipe Competition." Read the instructions!
3) Then, click on the "Recipe Gallery" tab and submit your recipe, photo, or video! You will have the option to post all of the recipes that you desire!
4) After you post, your friends or family will have the ability to vote on your recipe! Those who get the most votes become the winners! Fair and square!
There is no cost to be a part of this competition! It is meant to be pure fun to encourage you to be FULLYRAW!
The competition will begin on May 21st and ends on May 31st! That's 2 weeks of fabulous recipe posting! The winners will be announced on the 31st!
The guidelines and instructions to participate are posted not only in this video, but also as a note and on the www.facebook.com/fullyrawkristina FB page. Please reference that page before you begin!
I am so excited to see all of the recipes that you will post! They can be simple or complicated; we just want to see creativity, heart, and soul on this page! We WANT to create a community of individuals who want to achieve a higher level of health!
Please subscribe to my FullyRawKristina Youtube Channel as I continue to post more recipe videos and inspire you to be FullyRaw! You can also like my facebook pages! Here are the links for you! All right team! Get ready! It's a coming, and I can't wait! Hugs!
FullyRaw Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/fullyrawkristina
Co-op: http://www.rawfullyorganic.com
FullyRaw: http://www.fullyraw.com
FullyRaw You Tube: http://www.youtube.com/fullyrawkristina
Rawfully Organic YouTube: http://www.youtube.com/rawfullyorganic
Kristina's Personal Facebook Page: http://www.facebook.com/kristinacarrillobucaram
Kristina's Blog: http://www.rawfullyorganic.com/blog
ROC Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/rawfullyorganic
Rawfully Organic Twitter: http://www.twitter.com/rawfullyorganic
FullyRaw Twitter: http://www.twitter.com/fullyraw
Tags: 30, Bananas, Blender, Challenge, Competition, More…Day, Douglas, Dr., Durianrider, Eat, Elizabeth, Fat, Food, Free, Freelee, FullyRaw, FullyRawKristina, Graham, It, Low, McDonnell, Megan, Online, Organic, Raw, Rawfully, Recipe, Recipes, Vegan, Vitamix, a
Location: www.facebook.com/fullyrawkristina
@ednshell, Kristina thx it seems to be online at http://pinterest.com/pin/154459462190282135/
I will try to make some time this week to post a simple 811rv salad recipe with some ingredients that are in season.
Jelle, I love this, beautiful presentation! :D
That is SO awesome! You HAVE to submit!! TOTALLY ROC'N! :) hugs my friend! :)
Time for a fast one :)
Mango's!!!! (sorry they are just so good)
Step 1: Get your self some mango's and some greens (811rv style)
Step 2: Turn on some nice music, Nelly Furtado will do the trick
Step 3: Get your favourite peeler out and hit does mango's
Step 4: Share the pits with one of your four footed friends
Step 5: Create something presentable with the mango's and green
Step 6: Devour your delicious mango with some friends family or by yourself
Step 7: Make your own compost pile with the left over
Step 8: Do all the above with a major smile and put some love in those mango's :)
-- no mango's survived writing this down text --
It's up and ready to go! Start submitting gang! Go to the www.facebook.com/fullyrawkristina homepage and click on "Recipe Competition"...you will be able to submit your recipe, and within a few minutes, you will see your recipe appear in the Gallery for people to "like" and share! :)
Truly this is such a great idea!
What better way to tell your co-workers about your diet or your friends and family!
"I am in a recipe contest, you can see my recipe and vote if you want."
Just simple and positive! :D
It starts tomo! I am so excited and getting ready for everyone to submit!! :)
wow, thanks for sharing this!
you're adorable! (sorry had to say it)
OMG YAY! I always wanted a vitamix blender! That would be so useful on my raw journey! <333333
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Sons of Heroes
Roaarr T-shirt
British label Sons of Heroes is the uniform of future icons, and represents the bold new face of the modern man. Utilizing bold prints, subtle military detailing and precision cuts, this mens label has an edgy aesthetic with a futuristic vibe. Designed for the contemporary man of today, Sons of Heroes will become the uniform of future icons.
- 100% cotton
- Raw cut edges
- Styled with Naked & Famous Denim Skinny Guy in Black Power Stretch.
- Modeled in size M. See fit guide for model's dimensions.
- Revolve Style No. SONS-MS12
- Manufacturer Style No. TSHIRT003
- Can't find your size? Place a special order inquiry for this item.


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Stay tuned to Conservation.org for breaking conservation news, species discoveries and opportunities to get involved. But you don't always have to come to us. We're on the web in lots of places you may already visit so keeping up with the environmental movement is easy. Friend us, fan us, follow us ... but most importantly, tell all of your friends about us!
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Inspirational Family Radio was awarded the Focus on the Family Small Market Station of the Year Award in 2008. The award was received for commitment to excellence and consistently providing quality Christ-centered programming. In their letter accompanying the award, Dr. James Dobson, Focus on the Family Founder and Chairman, and Mr. James Daly, President and CEO wrote: We consider it a privilege to pay special tribute to you for your faithful service to the folks in your listening area. Our own mission has been furthered significantly by your labors, and it's an honor to stand shoulder to shoulder with you in an effort to strengthen families, come alongside hurting people, and communicate the hope and truth of the Gospel. |