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Ex-CIA chief: Pelosi did not object to waterboarding
Ex-CIA head Jose Rodriguez claims he briefed Nancy Pelosi on the torture tactic; former speaker denies it
May 3, 2012
Jose Rodriguez
You're watching...
Ex-CIA head Jose Rodriguez claims he briefed Nancy Pelosi on the torture tactic; former speaker denies it
May 3, 2012
Jose Rodriguez
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That segment tonight new book called hard measures how aggressive CIA actions after 9/11 saved American lives.
Causing a major controversy it's written by Jose Rodriguez who was in charge of the CIA's Counterterrorism Center.
And we did have authority to Warner board captured terrorist suspects.
On May fourteenth 2009.
Then speaker of the house Nancy Pelosi denied the CIA told her that waterboarding was being used.
And the bracing for that I received.
We were told that they had legal opinions that this was legal we were not told that it was.
Time that there were other legal opinions to the contrary in the administration.
And we were told specifically that waterboarding was not good news.
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- That close all right you tell waterboarding was -- -- a he I was the person who let the team.
On September 4 2002.
For the congress to brief horror and Porter -- and some -- their staff.
About the interrogation of Abu zubaydah.
The techniques that were used including waterboarding -- I'm gonna tell you don't rephrase -- question again did you tell you.
Tell Nancy Pelosi waterboarding was being used yes they did okay.
Call Carolina.
Well she is confused or she is not telling the truth and I think -- -- -- are sitting there.
And you look at her any -- like -- look at me and Leon.
And your talent her and the other people in the room.
That you did use waterboarding on Abu zubaydah.
And she then comes out and says.
They didn't tell me is not about our confusion that that's that's a word that people remember.
Waterboarding correct and you know what they don't have to take my -- -- -- there is a cable dated 10 September of 2002.
Where we spell out exactly.
The briefing that we gave NASA from those keys to ward waterboarding use and I can with it's used waterboarding and there are other techniques that -- used -- Abu -- Abu zubaydah.
Had been.
Subjected to -- -- -- interrogation techniques.
In August of that year and the briefing took place in September when she got back to Washington camera was it -- -- written any cable of what happened in the meeting.
Saying they use the word waterboarding and then -- your word any other people who with you correct you told Nancy Pelosi that that was being used -- -- When you told the congresswoman the speaker of the house this access -- was not the speaker she was then all minority rank -- up our mind on it right yeah that's right they just commit.
When you told her that.
Did she say to you mr.
-- readers do not use waterboarding or I object waterboarding -- waterboarding is torture -- she said she did not.
What did she say about the technique she did not say a word about the technique and actually the way I remember this is that we talked about other potential techniques that we were going to use.
And she objected to those would -- want you know that was.
Talk about mock execution.
And you know we never.
There you can do you say you might do to.
Yeah well that I objective OK but waterboarding your a 100% positive she did not raise an objection to it I am a 100% -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Is an FBI guy wrote a book to this knowledge to fund says that.
-- screw up this drug reviews here's what he says.
Zubaydah gave up valuable information to the FBI interrogators including information about Khalid Sheikh Mohamed.
May obtain information that led the CIA.
And the FBI captured Jose Padilla all right the American guy in Chicago.
That's you -- says when the CIA interrogation team headed by you mr.
Rodriguez use enhanced interrogation techniques zubaydah.
Well at least two from what's not there when we started to use it has interrogation techniques that I think yeah you -- -- let's walk through it.
-- -- -- That the FBI got the information about Khalid Sheikh Mohamed not to CIA true -- false.
You know the only two things that -- suppan got the one thing that he thought.
-- that Khalid Sheikh Mohamed.
-- more power book dar was the nickname that I couldn't Sheikh Mohamed had used.
But even the story about Jose Padilla is not so give -- the -- don't get heady stuff to cool way cool.
Zubaydah first you -- the FBI.
It was our prisoner it was.
Our detention facility and we had a joint FBI CIA who went in first to ask him CIA or FBI it was a joint effort and we went in together early -- -- get together a priority of tidbits to fund says that he got.
Information from zubaydah that led directly to Khalid Sheikh Mohamed weed -- the rough stuff.
They did not lead to Khalid Sheikh Mohamed to bill and where we're where -- but once you started the rough stuff you get a shot up.
Is that true well no I was indeed basically.
I had had enough of the FBI have basically total obvious -- to go home.
That basically says he'll -- -- did you -- Shut up after you wore aborted and they did did he just shut down no because we -- not waterboarding on tool August.
Of that -- did the FBI gets.
Very high valued information without the rough stuff did they get it I mean the FBI and you do the only thing the FBI.
-- will give them credit.
-- for them to not get the the nickname of -- -- and that was it okay.
So you contend that Alley -- fun is not telling the truth here I -- content that he's not telling the group.
And he doesn't know.
Because he was not -- when we started to do the enhanced interrogation techniques he doesn't know what we got.
We got thousands of intelligence reports that basically allow owners to -- down and destroy the al-Qaeda organization that attacked -- -- nine elevenths he doesn't know.
These are bad blood between the FBI and the CIA on the terror front no there is not actually the relationships are very good.
And having proves we're up improve with time so this guy's just a -- guide to -- front not a terrible guy he's he had difficulty before he even got.
To the black -- he had difficulty -- the millennium plot in Jordan exactly was thrown out there.
And yet difficulty after he left Austin went to Guantanamo with the military and so you know he's a difficult -- All right well the book is fascinating have to say anybody whose interest in the war on terror.
Don't -- oh pick up part measures and we appreciate you coming and distributors of.
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DIY: Inspiration Board
You never know what you'll find on a simple walk around the block. My aunt B, an avid dumpster diver, has picked up many a treasure along the roadside–and now I can join that coveted rank. On Ravenswood, just a few blocks away, I noticed a bunch of discarded screen doors near the trash. (Tangent: The dumpster happened to be in front of the Cornelia Arts Center, another new discovery today.)
Though I've lusted after old doors and windows at places like Salvage One, I never wanted to plunk down the cash. Guess I was in luck today. I snatched one up, brought it home and attacked. Would it be a divider? A mantle decoration? A headboard? A replacement for the large neon sign P and I had envisioned putting atop our loft's half-wall?
I would love to be handy enough to do something like this; in the meantime, I settled for using it as a display piece–a place for postcards, photos, swatches and other ephemera from our lives and travels. You know, kind of like the inspiration boards designers, editors and other creative types use? (It's lame, but I always wanted one of those: Refer to future blog post on vintage chalkboards.)
As you can see, it's barely half filled–couldn't commit to the plan–but Lord knows I have enough Erte postcards, vintage mag covers and photos to fill it. (Unfortunately, there is just one vintage Madonna 45 rpm sleeve.) Still, I'm collecting ideas…. so chime in if you have one!

subset: commoncrawl


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NEPR to Honor June Millington, Michael Mucci, Enchanted Circle Theater and The Pioneer Valley Symphony with the 5th Annual Arts & Humanities Award
New England Public Radio is pleased to announce the recipients of this year's New England Public Radio Arts & Humanities Award. The 2013 honorees are: June Millingon, musician and co-founder of The Institute for the Musical Arts; Michael Mucci, Chairman and Director of Instrumental Music for the Longmeadow High School Music Department (Outstanding Individuals); Enchanted Circle Theater of Holyoke and the Pioneer Valley Symphony(Outstanding Organizations).
Recipients will be celebrated at the 5th annual Arts & Humanities Award Gala, May 7, 2013 at the Log Cabin in Holyoke, MA. Will Shortz, the Puzzlemaster for NPR's Weekend Edition Sunday and crossword editor of The New York Times will be the keynote speaker at the event.
Tickets ($75) are available for purchase at NEPR.net and by calling 413.545.0100 with proceeds to benefit the programs and services of New England Public Radio.
"The NEPR Foundation is thrilled with the community response to the Arts & Humanities Award," said Dennis Bromery, Chair of the foundation's Outreach Committee. "Like always, it was a difficult choice, but this year's recipients truly exemplify what the award is intended to recognize."
Established by the New England Public Radio Foundation, Inc. in 2008, the New England Public Radio Arts and Humanities Award has been recognizing the rich and varied arts scene in the region for the past four years. The award recognizes the contributions of local talent, and brings greater public awareness to the critical role played by musicians, artists, dancers, actors, writers, and teachers in western New England.
2013 Recipients:
June Millington is a musician, founding member of the all-girl rock band Fanny, and co-founder and artistic director of The Institute for the Musical Arts (IMA) in Goshen, Massachusetts. An extraordinary musician, songwriter, and producer, her contributions to the canon of rock and roll are enormous, and her efforts to bring much needed visibility of women artists in popular music are legendary. As the founder of The Institute for the Musical Arts, Millington is a force for empowering women in their pursuit of careers in the field of music and promoting social justice and equality within the music industry and in other social and cultural spheres.
IMA is a nonprofit teaching, performing and recording facility dedicated to supporting women and girls in music and music-related business. IMA's residential summer music programs for girls and young women give participants access to top-notch musical facilities and instruments, veteran professional musicians and time with visiting artists.
Michael Mucci, is the Chairman and Director of Instrumental Music for the Longmeadow High School Music Department. The Longmeadow High School Music Program has a long and storied history of performance, education and excellence. For over fifty years, the department has fielded multiple chorus groups, wind ensembles, a select a cappella group, and a full symphony orchestra. Under Mucci's leadership, Longmeadow ensembles have performed at the National Band and Orchestra Festival at Carnegie Hall and Boston Symphony Hall, the National Concert Band Festival in Indianapolis, Indiana, and the International Association of Jazz Educators Convention. The Longmeadow High School Symphony Orchestra won the 2010 American Prize for secondary school orchestral performance; and the Longmeadow High School Music Department has been awarded three Grammy Signature Awards by the National Association of Recording Arts and Sciences.
In addition to his work at Longmeadow High School, Mucci is currently in his fifteenth season as Director of the Massachusetts Youth Wind Ensemble at the New England Conservatory of Music. After many years at the helm of the music program at Longmeadow, he will retire this year.
Founded in 1976, Enchanted Circle Theater is a non-profit professional educational theater company dedicated to engaging, enhancing and inspiring learning through the arts. This past year Enchanted Circle Theater incorporated arts integration into over 80 classrooms throughout western Massachusetts, positively affecting the lives of over 1500 students and their classroom teachers.In the best spirit of the NEPR Arts and Humanities Award, Enchanted Circle Theater promotes and emphasizes collaboration in all its programs. Its resources have been utilized to form partnerships not only with local public schools, but with organizations such as the Boys and Girls Club of Holyoke, The Care Center for pregnant and Parenting Teens, and the Homework House. In 2O13, fittingly in partnership with the Collaborative for Educational Services, Enchanted Circle Theater hopes to launch an Arts Integration Academy which will train and provide certification to teachers from districts throughout the region.
For 74 years the Pioneer Valley Symphony has presented first-class classical music concerts in the Pioneer Valley. This mostly volunteer orchestra and chorus is one of the oldest community orchestras in the country. Its 200 players and singers range from high school age to people in their eighties, and represent 36 towns in western Massachusetts as well as six towns in Connecticut, New Hampshire and Vermont. The ranks of the PVS are filled not only with music educators, but also with teachers, lawyers, doctors, librarians, dentists, veterinarians, graphic artists, woodworkers, sound engineers, students, and retirees, all of whom share a passion for music. Through its quality performances, breadth of repertory, educational and outreach programs, and encouragement of area composers and performers, the PVS has made major contributions to the cultural life of western Massachusetts for three-quarters of a century.
Keynote Speaker
NPR's Puzzlemaster Will Shortz will be the keynote speaker at the gala. Mr. Shortz has appeared on Weekend Edition Sunday since the program's start in 1987. He's also the crossword editor of The New York Times, the former editor of Games magazine, and the founder and director of the American Crossword Puzzle Tournament (since 1978).
The 2013 New England Public Radio Arts & Humanities Award is sponsored by Silverscape Designs and Merriam-Webster Inc.
For more information on the 2013 Arts & Humanities Award or the May 7 event, contact Vanessa Cerillo at email@example.com or 413-545-9717.


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I support Rhodesia Ransom for county supervisor. Her campaign literature states she has courage, character, commitment. She doesn't take stands that will please everyone — she thinks and evaluates, that's positive.
She has character. She expresses this through the groups she belongs to, from the Tracy school district's anti-bullying committee to her state-certified volunteer family mediator training.
She obviously values beauty and enrichment, hence her work with the Tracy Performing Arts Foundation.
She has the endorsement of four San Joaquin County law enforcement organizations. She's no-nonsense on law enforcement She is committed to serving her full term, if elected.
She is committed, first to her husband and three children, to the children of our community and those of San Joaquin County. She has proven her ability to accept responsibilities and follow through in her nine and half years of living in Tracy. She has earned our vote.


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I am an attorney who is about to begin a jury trial. I have obtained a list of all of the jurors and have gone on social media to learn about some of these jurors. I see information that would show that some jurors are extremely biased one way or the other. Do I have an ethical duty to advise the court if the jurors don't state the bias they are showing in social media when they are questioned?
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Lawyers have an obligation to inform the court of evidence of jury bias discovered through social media
The Legal Intelligencer
December 4, 2012
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By Caitlin Dineen Staff writer
Jimmy Taft said he witnessed a lot of scary things during his 24 years in the Army, but he still was not prepared for what happened last week at his Southport Road home.
"I never thought my backyard was going to be this dangerous," Taft said Tuesday as he recalled the searing pain he felt after being bitten by a copperhead snake on Friday.
Taft said he was doing yardwork before he and his family were scheduled to leave for a weekend trip to Kure Beach when he felt something "hit" his hand.
"It started hurting like 50 wasp stings," said Taft, 57. He said he began looking for a swarm of bees or a nest he rattled loose.
What he found was more panic-inducing.
"Behind the slate of the fence, there was a big old copperhead," he said. "Then that moment strikes you that you go 'Oh, crap. I've been snake bitten by a poisonous snake.' "
Taft was home alone and immediately thought to try to kill the snake before he decided to ask his neighbor, an old medic officer, what he should do.
He said he was told to seek medical attention. The intensifying pain in his hand and his arm was further proof that he had to get to the hospital.
"By the time I hit the emergency room - it was less than 20 minutes later - you could still see my knuckles at that point." he said.
Thirty minutes later, he said, his hand looked like an overinflated latex glove.
Taft said he received two IV bags containing antivenin at Womack Army Medical Center.
Copperhead snake bites are the most common poisonous snake bites in North Carolina, according to the Carolinas Poison Center in Charlotte. The snakes can grow to be 53 inches long, live mostly in wooded areas and can be found along stone walls, near dead logs or piles of debris.
Statistics show North Carolina leads the country in reported snake bites, said Jim Burke, a natural resources extension agent in Gaston County for the North Carolina Cooperative Extension.
He said in this state in 2010, there were 19 bites reported for every 100,000 people. The national average is four per 100,000 people, he said.
Burke said of the six species of poisonous snakes in the state, the copperhead is the one to be bitten by because it is considered the weakest of those snakes.
Burke said copperheads, which are pit vipers, generally move away from potential threats unless they are a food source. He said the snakes can control the amount of venom they inject, if any. Between 20 and 40 percent of bites reported in the country are "dry bites" where no venom is injected, Burke said.
Since being released Saturday night, Taft said he's taken to researching everything he can about snakes and making sure nothing like that happens again at his home in the College Lakes neighborhood.
"The best thing to come out about this is to let other people know," Taft said.
Taft said he plans to do future yardwork while wearing full-fingered leather gloves and will no longer let his grandchildren walk barefoot in the yard.
"I'm looking at things I never looked at before," he said.
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Let's explore the origins and some of the features of UBL, including how UBL allows local customization within a supply chain. Then we will examine how UBL is being used in real world situations.
Tim McGrath, one of the creators of UBL, observed, "UBL is not a technology breakthrough; it is a breakthrough in the application of a technology" (see Resources).
Bower and Christensen coined the phrase disruptive technology to describe a technology that unexpectedly displaces an established sustaining technology. Sustaining technologies usually rely on incremental improvements, while a disruptive technology may come from a source that wasn't designed for how it is finally used to displace the other technology.
Hence, if UBL is not a disruptive technology, it is certainly what Christensen later called a disruptive innovation with the potential of "allowing a whole new population of consumers access to a product or service that was historically only accessible to consumers with a lot of money or a lot of skill" (see Resources).
UBL is not a new technology, and its foundations are certainly not new. UBL became an OASIS standard in 2004, with subsequent releases in the following years. Table 1 provides a chronology of UBL releases.
Table 1. UBL releases
Version | Dates | Notes |
0.7 (public review) | 2003 | Used in Denmark in the OIOXML project |
1.0 | 2004 | |
2.0 | 2006 | Used in Denmark in the OIOUBL project |
2 Errata 01 | 2008 | |
2.1 (public review) | 2010 |
UBL conforms to the Extensible Markup Language (XML) recommendation
(V1.0 - World Wide Web Consortium recommendation, 1998), which is based on
the Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML) that became an
International Organization for Standardization standard in 1986. SGML
descended from IBM's General Markup Language (GML) developed in the 1960's
by Charles Goldfarb, Edward Mosher, and Raymond Lorie. There is almost a
half century of solid technical development in the domain of general
markup languages.
SGML focused on solving very large scale documentation problems experienced by the military, aerospace, and automotive industries, and large publishing houses. The U.S. Department of Defense (DoD), for example, received technical information from thousands of suppliers in a multitude of proprietary formats. This created a big problem when they tried to integrate all the information within a common electronic framework. Their solution was to demand that all suppliers use SGML. Suppliers had to provide technical information in SGML based on a continuous acquisition and life-cycle support (CALS) definition, or else the DoD would not do business with them. The result was that the DoD received all information received in a common markup language, which eliminated a lot of problems. We are in a similar situation with the exchange of business documents.
UBL is an XML markup language aimed at business documents being exchanged between companies on the Internet. The UBL effort is meant to fuel global e-commerce by simplifying the currently paper intensive exchange of business information. UBL 2.0 defines an open, royalty-free library of 31 standard electronic XML business documents such as purchase orders, invoices, and dozens of other standard business documents that can be used globally. UBL 2.1 (in development) has over 60 documents. UBL's design objective is to plug directly into existing business, legal, auditing, and records management practices, to eliminate the re-keying of data in existing fax and paper-based supply chains, and to provide an entry point into electronic commerce for small and medium-sized businesses.
It is important to understand that when implementing a UBL solution, you don't need to change the way you currently do business, nor change the software applications you currently use. UBL can replace the exchange of paper business documents with reliable electronic documents that can be understood globally. In many cases, the end user might not be aware of the use of UBL, since they carry out their tasks normally using their current applications. Business practices honed over many years are simply applied to the electronic world.
UBL is built on existing standards. For example, UBL uses the United Nations Centre for Trade Facilitation and Electronic Business (UN/CEFACT) Core Components as defined in Part 8 of the Core Components Technical Specification (see Resources). This specification defines a Core Component solution as "a methodology for developing a common set of semantic building blocks that represent the general types of business data in use today and provides for the creation of new business vocabularies and restructuring of existing business vocabularies".
A core component is a semantic building block that can be used for all aspects of data and information modelling and exchange. Core components are the linchpin for creating interoperable business process models and business documents. Core components are conceptual in nature and are used for creating context-specific Business Information Entities (BIEs).
UBL defines a set of business definitions that utilize these core components as a base. Figure 1 illustrates how UBL maps onto these core components.
The BIE is a key concept in the UBL assembly process. A BIE can be a Basic BIE (BBIE), an Aggregate BIE (ABIE) or an Association BIE (ASBIE).
A Basic BIE is an atomic entity, not composed of other entities. An Aggregate BIE can be composed of Basic BIEs and other Aggregate BIEs. The Association BIE defines an association between an ABIE and another ABIE. A set of standard business documents, such as purchase orders and invoices, are then assembled from the BIE. See Figure 1 for details.
Figure 1. Relationship of BIE to Core Components
As mentioned before, the BIE is a key concept in the UBL assembly process, just as the core component is in the core component assembly process. The BIE takes 3 forms: a basic BIE (BBIE), an aggregate BIE (ABIE), or an association BIE (ASBIE). A BIE is a piece of business data or a group of pieces of business data with a unique business semantic definition. There is a special ABIE named the Document ABIE reserved for the different document types such as a purchase order or invoice. Each of these in turn will consist of a set of ABIEs, ASBIEs and BBIEs.
The BBIE is an atomic entity, not composed of any other entities. It
represents the semantic building block and maps directly to the Basic Core
Component. An example of a BBIE might be AddressTypeCode
— a code specifying the type of address such as business address
or home address. An Address
is an ABIE, a
structured set of information about an address. A
would be an example of an ASBIE.
inherits the properties of the
more general Address
inherits the properties of the more
general Line
Sample Business Information Entity
To see a fragment of code from the UBL-CommonAggregateComponents-2.0.xsd
that illustrates how the various forms of BIEs are constructed and
related, view Listing 1. Sample Business
Information Entity. The pieces dealing with the notion of an
address have been extracted including element definitions for
The common basic core components, upon which the BIEs are based, belong to
the XML namespace cbc
(an ASBIE) is also part of the
definition of AddressType
which has the
attribute type="AddressLineType"
, with an attribute
, is an ABIE consisting
of one or more Line
elements (a BBIE also
belonging to the XML Namespace cbc
is defined as "a line of address expressed
as unstructured text".
All of this code defines an Address
(an ABIE)
consisting of a number of optional elements (BBIEs), including
(an ASBIE).
(ABIE) consists of one or more
elements (BBIE).
UBL designers didn't try to force all users into a single, all-encompassing, centrally-managed solution. Rather, they designed UBL to fit 80-90 percent of the global requirements and recognized that there are local requirements that users would have to manage through customization.
For example, you might only use certain UBL documents within a given community. You might only need certain portions of those UBL documents. And you might add custom extensions to them for your community. You could even restrict the values that individual information items may take.
UBL designers made a unique decision to separate structural and lexical validation from value validation. This is quite different from other XML-based business vocabularies that conflate the two validations into a single schema.
In UBL, structural and lexical constraints are defined (and validated) via the schema; a second abstract expression of code lists (using Xpath, genericode, and context to value association) and other value constraints are used for value validation. Figure 2 illustrates this separation. This secondary value validation step allows a community of interest (say a supplier and a set of customers) to agree and specify a set of values to be used only within that community. For example, a product code might be constrained to the set of products offered by the supplier.
Figure 2. UBL Validation
In Figure 2, you can see how the standard W3C XSD schema is for structural and lexical validation. As in all XML, an input instance can be declared valid if it belongs to the class of documents formally described by the W3C Schema.
The value validation involves code lists. Code lists, or controlled vocabularies, are specifically used to restrict the values allowed for an information element. Code lists can be managed globally (such as two-character country codes) or locally (such as a supplier's list of product codes in their catalog).
We won't go into a long description of code lists here, but the UBL 2.0 Frequently Asked Questions describes how code lists are processed:
"UBL 2.0 also features an answer to the problem of code list management. Instead of binding default code list values directly into the document schemas, which makes trading-partner-specific adjustment of code lists virtually impossible, UBL 2.0 expresses code list values in separate files using the new genericode format. The default values are then used to generate an XSLT script that validates the code values independent of the standard schemas. This two-phase approach not only solves most code list management problems; it also allows different code list subsets to be associated with different contexts in the same document instance, provides great flexibility in specifying the code values accepted in each trading relationship, and establishes a platform for sophisticated business rule implementation — all without modifying the standard UBL 2.0 schemas."
For a link to the UBL 2.0 FAQ, see Resources.
OASIS UBL 2 Guidelines for Customization, First Edition provides a detailed description of how to deal with customization (see the link in Resources).
Problems with exchanging business documents
Now let's examine the problem of exchanging business data between companies in a supply chain. A company might act as a customer to a supplier that will provide the customer with the goods or services the customer requires to carry out their business. Each customer typically has N suppliers (see Figure 3).
Figure 3. Supply chain
Table 2 shows activities typical of this business arrangement.
Table 2. Typical Activities
Activity | |
Discovery | Which suppliers will you be able to use? |
Sourcing | Does the supplier have the components you require? |
Ordering | Order goods or services from supplier. |
Fulfillment | Supplier sends all or part of your order. |
Billing supplier | Invoices you for the product shipped. |
Payment | Customer pays supplier. |
If we generate a plot of companies where the vertical axis is the
number of suppliers and the horizontal axis is an ordering of all
customers by number of suppliers, we see a standard Pareto curve. About 20
percent of customers have a large number of suppliers and typically have
large scale applications installed to handle these large number of
suppliers. These might be electronic data interchange (EDI) systems that
can deliver a transaction such as an invoice to another EDI user
electronically (see Figure 4).
Figure 4. Companies ordered by number of suppliers
The other 80 percent of customers have fewer suppliers and use less sophisticated applications (or even office tools like a spreadsheet or word processor) to generate business transactions like an invoice. Many of these customers use paper as the medium to transmit the business transaction to the supplier.
Figure 5. Exchanging documents on paper
The problem for the customer with a very large number of suppliers is that they have a system that requires the invoice data to be entered into their system electronically. When they receive invoices from suppliers as a printed page through regular mail or perhaps a PDF sent by e-mail, they spend time and resources to rekey the information or perform a scan and OCR to get the information in electronic form. In Europe, one cost estimate for processing a typical invoice is around €7-15. Eliminating this cost could amount to huge savings for a large enterprise.
For example, consider the Government of Denmark who has to process 1.4 million invoices per month from 440,000 suppliers. Going after these savings can be very cost effective. KPMG, in their formal analysis of the Danish situation in 2003, found that it would be possible to eliminate at least ten minutes of invoice handling per invoice, resulting in savings of €94M. Eliminating the 17 minutes spent matching invoice to purchase order would produce an additional €160M in cost savings.
The problem for the customer with a very small number of suppliers is that many existing systems are too complex and too expensive to meet their needs.
In general, for two businesses to effectively exchange business documents, they must be speaking the same language within these documents and they must have a way of electronically exchanging these documents — without changing their existing business processes. And the process must be scaleable to the size of the businesses involved, from a very small business to a government or a large corporation.
UBL provides the standard language for the business document exchanges based on a common set of semantic standards. Every company can exchange their business documents with other companies and have their documents understood.
For example, OASIS (2006) provides a number of UBL document examples. Listing 2 is an excerpt for a
from an order for 100kg of
Listing 2. Excerpt for a
for an order of beeswax<cac:LineItem> <cbc:ID>1</cbc:ID> <cbc:SalesOrderID>A</cbc:SalesOrderID> <cbc:LineStatusCode>NoStatus</cbc:LineStatusCode> <cbc:Quantity unitCode="KG">100</cbc:Quantity> <cbc:LineExtensionAmount currencyID="GBP"> 100.00 </cbc:LineExtensionAmount> <cbc:TotalTaxAmount currencyID="GBP">17.50</cbc:TotalTaxAmount> <cac:Price> <cbc:PriceAmount currencyID="GBP">100.00</cbc:PriceAmount> <cbc:BaseQuantity unitCode="KG">1</cbc:BaseQuantity> </cac:Price> <cac:Item> <cbc:Description>Acme beeswax</cbc:Description> <cbc:Name>beeswax</cbc:Name> <cac:BuyersItemIdentification> <cbc:ID>6578489</cbc:ID> </cac:BuyersItemIdentification> <cac:SellersItemIdentification> <cbc:ID>17589683</cbc:ID> </cac:SellersItemIdentification> </cac:Item> </cac:LineItem> |
Note that it is human readable. It is very easy to see that this is an order for 100kg of beeswax, for a total price of 100 GBP plus 17.50 GBP tax. Since it is XML, it can be processed with off-the-shelf components.
The two namespaces, cbc
, refer to basic and aggregate components
respectively. You can see that <cbc:Name>
above is a basic component, while
is an
aggregate component consisting of a basic component
. You can also see that
is also used in
and is
semantically the same but used in different contexts.
The importance of locally controlled code lists external to the schema can
be illustrated here. If you tried to include the list of valid values for
in the schema
definition, you would need a separate schema for each community of users,
and you would have to continually maintain each one as the list of valid
values changed
In Figure 6, you can see how easy it is to change how companies exchange business data electronically merely by plugging in a back end conversion of their business data from print to electronic exchange, without changing their existing systems.
Figure 6. Exchanging documents with UBL
Now let's take a look at how various countries have adopted UBL to get a better idea of the power and savings that can be achieved by implementing various UBL solutions.
Denmark was a very early adopter of UBL as a solution for e-commerce. The government of Denmark realized there could be significant cost reductions in their invoice processing if they could receive all invoices in a standard form, and UBL provided the standard for that implementation. Given their power as a government, they legislated the use of UBL.
Beyond merely legislating the use of UBL, they had to provide the infrastructure for all businesses big and small to comply with the law. They developed a portal for public procurement, an electronic marketplace accessible to all public buyers and suppliers in Denmark, and scanning agencies to provide paper conversion to UBL.
Although the invoice was the first UBL document to be handled by Denmark, it is in fact the last part of the procurement chain. Electronically processing the other documents in the procurement chain from tendering through invoicing can greatly add to the efficiency and cost savings. The work toward this objective and the adoption of UBL 2.0 led to the adoption of a Danish subset of UBL 2.0 named OIOUBL.
Led by Denmark, representatives from Denmark, Sweden, Norway, Finland, the United Kingdom, and Iceland set up a working group to develop a Northern European Subset (NES) of UBL 2.0 documents.
The purpose of the NES subset is to facilitate harmonization of different types of e-procurement documents in countries that are already using UBL or are considering using UBL 2.0 documents. This provides an opportunity to base e-procurement documents and processes on a coordinated NES subset.
UBL will be the basis for the Pan European Public Procurement On-Line (PEPPOL) project (see Resources). The broad vision of PEPPOL is that any company in the European Union, including small to medium enterprises, can communicate electronically with any European Union governmental institution for all procurement processes.
Surprisingly, there seems to be very little adoption of UBL in North America. It doesn't even seem to be on anybody's radar screen. One notable exception is the work being carried out by the U.S. Department of Transportation. Their pilot Electronic Freight Management project uses the following UBL documents:
- Transportation Status
- Despatch Advice
- Receipt Advice
This pilot project linked two Chinese apparel manufacturers, two freight forwarders, an air cargo terminal operator, two charter air carriers, a U.S. apparel buyer, a U.S. third party logistics company, and an import broker in a demonstration of state-of-the-art electronic commerce in a complex real world setting. The architecture effectively created a federated database with no single point of failure and no data duplication as in traditional centralized database solutions.
UBL as a disruptive innovation
If we examine how UBL might make inroads into North America we see from the European experience various ways this might be accomplished:
- Legislate the use of UBL. Governments can pass laws mandating the use of UBL on all business transactions with the government.
- Decree the use of UBL. Very large organizations (such as the military) can refuse to do business with organizations that do not use UBL.
- Evolve the use of UBL. Current suppliers offer UBL output as an option in their current software offering.
How might the third way come about?
There are two ways:
- Vendors of existing e-commerce applications can add UBL export and import as features.
- Vendors can provide new UBL services that can interface to existing applications.
The first option is an example of what Christensen calls sustaining innovation. However, only those who own or purchase that application have access to this ability.
One example of the second is the different approach offered by Tradeshift® (see Resources). They provide a Software as a Service (SaaS) based on cloud computing for the interchange of electronic UBL business documents, including free electronic invoicing. They concentrate on this exchange of UBL documents, not the applications. At the lower end they provide a browser-based interface for generating and exchanging invoices. At the higher end, they provide an Open API so that vendors of existing software may add the UBL back end at a lower cost (see Figure 6). It is interesting to note they added "social networking" functionality to implement a "discussion thread" for every document.
As we finally move away from paper based systems toward electronic exchange, we can contribute to a greener planet. For example, up to ten percent of the trees cut down on this planet are used to create the paper that invoices are printed on. Eliminating the need for this paper can contribute to the reduction of de-forestation, just one of the initiatives that the Smart2020 study identifies as to how Information and Communication Technologies can contribute to the low carbon economy in the Information Age.
We have demonstrated that UBL is an XML-based technology that is based on over 40 years of solid development in the domain of general markup languages. UBL is designed to plug into existing business, legal, auditing, and record management practices, and through reduction of the use of paper documents, it can contribute to a greener planet.
Rather than trying to replace existing applications in the financial services industry, UBL can be used to convert the current exchanges of business documents between organizations from paper to electronic form based on an international standard.
UBL is designed to handle 80-90 percent of common business requirements with the remaining percentage handled by UBL customizations. Customizations include using subsets of the documents defined by UBL. You can use only those optional pieces of a single UBL document that are required, you can extend a UBL document, or you can even propose a new UBL document. In addition, validation of the contents of information elements can be managed locally with customer-based code lists.
Using UBL can be considered a disruptive innovation as it finally allows a whole new population of consumers (up to 80 percent of current organizations) access to electronic exchanges instead of paper documents to conduct business.
(2003) — Core Components Technical Specification —
Part 8 of the ebXML Framework: Find information to guide in the
interpretation or implementation of ebXML concepts.
Disruptive Technologies: Catching the Wave (Joseph Bower and
Clayton Christensen, Harvard Business Review, January-February 1995): Read
the seminal article by Joseph Bower and Clayton Christensen from the
Harvard Business Review.
Disruptive Innovation: Learn more about this term, coined by
Clayton Christensen, that describes a process by which a product or
service takes root initially in simple applications at the bottom of a
market and then relentlessly moves up market, eventually
displacing established competitors.
The Need for Disruptive Innovation (Part 1) — Computerworld
Blog: Read about innovation in Canada.
Cover Pages: Learn more
about UBL from Cover Pages, a comprehensive, online reference collection
supporting the XML family of markup language standards.
Pan-European Public Procurement
(PEPPOL): Visit the home page for Pan-European Public Procurement
for more information.
Softwrights— UBL 2.0 Model Summary Reports: Refer to these
sets of 61 HTML files that summarize all of the information items and
document model spreadsheets.
Electronic Freight
Management: Learn more from this USDOT-sponsored project that
applies Web technologies to improve data and message transmissions between
supply chain partners.
OASIS UBL 2 Guidelines for Customization: Read about
customizations for UBL.
Components Technical Specification: See the Core Components
Technical Specification from United Nations Centre for Trade Facilitation
and Electronic Business (UN/CEFACT).
Oasis UBL
FAQ: Find answers to frequently asked questions.
SMART 2020: Enabling the
low carbon economy in the information age: Examine the impact of
information and communication technologies on global warming.
Tradeshift: Find Software as a
Service based on cloud computing, concentrating on the exchange of UBL
documents between customers.
developerWorks podcasts: Listen to interesting interviews and
discussions for software developers.
developerWorks technical events and webcasts: Stay current with
developerWorks technical events and webcasts.
Get products and technologies
sample UBL documents: Download the sample documents from this
IBM trial
software: Innovate your next open source development project with
IBM trial software, available for download or on DVD.
blogs: Participate and get involved in the developerWorks
W. Hugh Chatfield is an Information Systems Professional and principal of CyberSpace Industries 2000 Inc., providing both XML training and consulting and multimedia production services. He holds an honors degrees in Physics and an honors certificate in Documentary Production. With over 40 years experience in Information Technology, he has spent the last 17 years in the general markup languages domain.


text:
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text:
Not just a pun, though -- online knitting communities are vibrant.
Moi, Miika
I suppose that after 25 years the company has not thought of changing the name, has it? Maybe to something Kalevala related? It would be more Finnish. :D
Where do you have the shops? As I live in Helsinki maybe one day I stop there to say hi. :)
To find out the reason of what?
We have 3 separate shops in Finland.
Fishing store
Toy store
We have also brand Happy Angler for our international fishing online stores. I think that is better name compared to 'Hong Kong Fishing Online Store'
Here is link to our Happy Angler Sweden fishing store which is our first international store.
Very good question! When we started our company 24 years ago we started to import products from China. At that time Hong Kong was the Port of China. All goods were shipped from Hong Kong. Then they decided that would be good name for our company.
I tried learning finnish, only to find out the reason. Tell us Mitch! Tell us!
Groan, Mitch. Big groan.
You know who else is a tightly knit community? Knitters.
I'm still waiting for a response on why the chain is called "Hong Kong Department Stores." I'm dying of curiousity myself!
I guess the reason behind the "Hong Kong" name is an IE cliffhanger (better than fiscal cliff!). C'mon, Mitch... tell us!


text:
- 1 tablespoon olive oil
- 1 small onion, finely chopped
- 1 cup long-grain white rice
- 1 1/2 cups low-salt chicken broth
- 1/2 cup pine nuts, toasted if desired
Heat oil in small saucepan over medium-high heat. Add onion and sauté until soft, about 5 minutes. Stir in rice. Add broth; bring to boil. Reduce heat to low, cover, and simmer until tender, about 20 minutes. Fluff rice with fork; add pine nuts. Season with salt and pepper.
my notes
recipe featured in
recipe at a glance
type: Quick & Easy
main ingredients: Onion, Rice, Pine Nut
cuisine: Mediterranean
dietary considerations: Low Cholesterol


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Spotlight Article:
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'I Have A Voice' Traveling Gallery at CAA this week
GiGi's Playhouse Traveling Gallery "I Have A Voice" is on display today through Friday at Centre for Arts and Artists.
"I Have A Voice" is a traveling gallery of which the public will hear the voices of individuals with Down Syndrome through their portraits and accompanying stories. The exhibition includes three Newton children. Portraits were taken by photographer Amy Doerring of Newton.
CAA is located at 501 W. Third St N.
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You uncover mysteries in dusty libraries and bloody crime scenes. You walk the me... [click here for more]


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Sun-kissed and relaxed, you're glowing from head to toe--the result of your latest blissful day at the beach. But like a certain star during her recent European jaunt, you've emerged with visible tan lines etched into the skin around your top. What to do?
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There's nothing worse than spending hours on styling your hair—blowing it out or curling it into submission—only to have it fro out the minute you step into a humid day. Kill the frizz and save your 'do by applying some Ouidad Climate Control Gel ($22-$66, ouidad.com) before you style. According to the makers, "it protects curls from humidity by absorbing moisture from air to hydrate each strand of hair and help control frizz." Now that's giving humidity a dose of its own medicine.
Braids aren't just for elementary school kids. Nicole Richie and Salma Hayek have been sporting the retro hairstyle at events. It's an earthy goddess look that would make Frida Kahlo proud.
Step 1: On one side of your head, take a 1-to-2 inch piece of hair from above one ear.
Step 2: Hold the piece vertically, pointing upward, and braid it, working from roots to ends (going upwards toward the ceiling). Fasten end of braid with an elastic.


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Verde Ventures' success lies in delivering biodiversity conservation and human well-being benefits through enterprise development.
Our approach to monitoring seeks to analyze the relationship between biodiversity conservation and human welfare benefits in the investment portfolio. It is centered on a "triple bottom line" approach of achieving positive (1) environmental, (2) social and (3) financial returns. Through pursuing this triple bottom line approach, Verde Ventures investments not only improve the quality of life of individuals and communities, but also demonstrate to the traditional financial sector that environmental and socially conscious projects are viable investments
Monitoring of Verde Ventures projects is funded primarily by grants from one of our current investors, the International Finance Corporation.
Mechanics of measuring the triple bottom line
The Verde Ventures monitoring program works with partners in selected enterprises to quantify benefits to conservation and human welfare.
Setting targets for projects is an important step in the monitoring process. Ideally, targets are set once a baseline is completed. After Verde Ventures invests in a new enterprise, the monitoring team identifies a local partner who will conduct the baseline analysis of the site and set reasonable targets that the enterprise can achieve over the life of the investment.
The monitoring framework is separated into categories that are relevant to biodiversity and human well-being. These are subdivided into the following five elements:
An example of monitoring: Rainforest Expeditions
One example of the success of this triple bottom line approach is Rainforest Expeditions (RFE), a Peruvian ecotourism company that has received two investments from Verde Ventures. RFE operates four lodges in the Peruvian Amazon Rainforest adjacent to the Tambopata National Reserve, which is home to a variety of globally threatened species. These species include white-bellied spider monkey (Ateles belzebuth chamek), red howler monkey (Alouatta seniculus), giant river otter (Lteronura brasiliensis), saddleback tamarin (Saguinus fuscicollis), night monkey (Aotus nigriceps), razor-billed curassow (Mitu tuberosa) and Spix's guan (Penelope jacquacu).
Highlights from Rainforest Expeditions


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I rarely get onto MFF anymore. I'm trying to finish Man in the Mask right now so it won't bug me anymore. Before I update any of it though, I'm going to finish writing the story so please be patient with me. :)
If you'd like to leave a review, I will respond to it! Thanks! ~MJ
More Than a Game by MJ_Padfoot
Rated: 1st-2nd Years [Reviews - 3]
Summary: Perhaps love isn't complicated at all. Perhaps it is a simple as brushing your teeth. For James Potter, however, it has never been this simple for him. In his seventh year at Hogwarts, James realizes that something needs to change so he can win Lily's heart. While James is talking to his best mate, Sirius, he realizes love is more than a game.
God Gave Me You by MJ_Padfoot
Rated: 1st-2nd Years [Reviews - 6]
Summary: "Your happily ever after will come, Hermione." Dad whispered to me one night when I was a little girl. "One day, you will meet him and he will love you. You'll see. You just need to be patient."
I never thought it would happen until now.
Man in the Mask by MJ_Padfoot
Rated: 3rd-5th Years [Reviews - 16]
Summary: Each of us wears a mask. It is invisible to many and visible to some. But what happens to us when we take off the mask? What happens when we're given a third chance at life to make things right?
Severus Snape has been given this exact opportunity. Since his death, Snape finds himself somewhere stuck between the veil and the Wizarding world. As Snape finds himself moping around his old flat, he has unexpected visitors that change the rest of his existence. Can the trio help Severus? And will he, the man in the mask, revel more of his past?
P.S. I Still Love You by MJ_Padfoot
Rated: 1st-2nd Years [Reviews - 9]
Summary: Valentine's Day isn't a picnic for everyone; especially if you see your ex-boyfriend kissing your roommate. For Lavender Brown, that was the story of her current life. The night of the final battle, Lavender had seen Ron and Hermione kiss in front of everyone. She tries to escape the memory, but is unsuccessful. Lavender writes Ron a letter to help ease her heart-ache.
Heaven's Hero by MJ_Padfoot
Rated: 1st-2nd Years [Reviews - 9]
Summary: Old memories in a shoe box, smiles and jokes never to be heard again. Fred Weasley left a place in all of our hearts. Molly and Arthur realize that Heaven needed a hero. A hero like Fred.
Over the Rainbow by MJ_Padfoot
Rated: 1st-2nd Years [Reviews - 3]
Summary: A short poem of Hermione's final moments of her life.


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The two-seat, mid-engine R8 sports car remains offered in Coupe and Spyder body styles, with a choice of 430-horsepower, 4.2L V8 or 525-hp, 5.2L V10 engines. They come paired to either a 6-speed manual or R tronic automated manual transmission. The latter gearbox includes Audi launch control, which helps provide a perfect quick launch from a standing start, and all R8 models include quattro all-wheel drive.
R8 Spyder convertible models come with a power soft-top roof that can be closed or opened in just 19 seconds and can be operated at speeds up to 19 mph. The roof also features triple-layer insulation, a carbon-fiber cover and a heated rear window. All R8 coupe models include a glass window over the lighted engine bay, while Spyder models come with a vented aluminum cover. Spyder models also have different side air intakes.
The interior of the R8 is a surprisingly luxurious place. The arched, cockpit-style instrument panel of this two-seater allows quite a bit of interior space--enough for taller drivers--and the seats come upholstered in soft Napa leather or suede-like Alcantara and the interior can be customized with various trims and inlays.
The R8 GT is a new, limited-edition version of the model, for 2012 and it includes a special tune of the 5.2L V10 making 560 horsepower, along with a performance-tuned suspension, a carbon-fiber front bumper, special carbon-fiber rear wing and diffuser and other carbon fiber throughout the interior. Appointments are a bit different inside, too, with a matte-carbon-fiber look complemented with Alcantara seat and interior trim.
Audi says that engineers optimized and reduced weight throughout the R8 GT, cutting about 180 pounds--even though they've managed to keep most of the same interior appointments and conveniences as the 5.2 coupe. Thanks to that and the aerodynamic improvements, the R8 GT can get to 60 mph in just 3.6 seconds and to a top speed of nearly 199 mph.
Interior appointments available on the R8 include power heated sport seats; a 465-watt, 12-speaker Bang & Olufsen sound system; and a navigation system with live traffic info. Safety isn't skimped either, even though the R8 is first and foremost a world-class exotic sports car. Front airbags, seat-mounted side bags, and knee airbags are all included and the aluminum space frame construction plays a role in keeping occupants secure.
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Market watchers were hoping for a dovish message from Fed Chairman Ben Bernanke ... and they got exactly what they wanted. Steve Russolillo joins Markets Hub. Photo: AP.
Federal Reserve Chairman Ben Bernanke came down firmly in favor of continuing the central bank's bond-buying programs, even as he acknowledged concerns that the efforts might encourage risk-taking that could someday destabilize markets or the economy.
In his testimony about the Federal Reserve's Semi-Annual Monetary Policy Report, Chairman Ben Bernanke discusses the Fed's balance sheet and Japanese Devaluation. Photo: Getty Images.
In his testimony about the Federal Reserve's Semi-Annual Monetary Policy Report, Chairman Ben Bernanke says monetary policy alone cannot drive the economic recovery. Photo: Getty Images.
In his semiannual report to Congress Tuesday, Mr. Bernanke said the bond buying is helping the economy by holding down long-term interest rates and ought to be sustained. "Keeping long-term interest rates low has helped spark a recovery in the housing market and has led to increased sales and production of automobiles and other durable goods," he said.
The Fed has accumulated $2.8 trillion of Treasury and mortgage securities. Mr. Bernanke's remarks signaled little change in the central bank's plans to purchase $85 billion a month of long-term Treasury and mortgage debt. The Fed's next policy meeting is March 19-20.
Federal Reserve Board Chairman Ben Bernanke said Tuesday the benefits of the Fed's bond-buying program still outweigh the potential risks. Reuters
Wall Street was relieved that the Fed isn't on the cusp of pulling back—at least not yet. "Bernanke stays the course," J.P. Morgan JPM +0.43% JPMorgan Chase & Co. U.S.: NYSE $56.31 +0.24 +0.43% Dec. 12, 2013 4:00 pm Volume (Delayed 15m) : 15.24M AFTER HOURS $56.25 -0.06 -0.11% Dec. 12, 2013 7:56 pm Volume (Delayed 15m): 85,064 P/E Ratio 12.65 Market Cap $210.78 Billion Dividend Yield 2.70% Rev. per Employee $431,637 12/12/13 J.P. Morgan to Settle Madoff P... 12/11/13 Pension Funds Make the Most of... 12/11/13 J.P. Morgan's Dimon Applauds C... More quote details and news » said in a note to clients. "Bernanke appears comfortable with continued, open-ended asset purchases at least for now," said Deutsche Bank. DBK.XE -0.93% Deutsche Bank AG Germany: Xetra €33.17 -0.31 -0.93% Dec. 12, 2013 5:35 pm Volume : 4.86M P/E Ratio N/A Market Cap €34.13 Billion Dividend Yield 2.26% Rev. per Employee €454,077 12/11/13 3-D Printing Stocks Catch Wall... 12/11/13 3-D Printing Stocks Gain Wall ... 12/11/13 What WSJ Canada Is Reading Wed... More quote details and news »
The Dow Jones Industrial Average rose 115.96 points, or 0.8%, to 13900.13
Some Fed officials have been worrying that the central bank's ultralow interest rates could breed the sort of financial excesses that produced the financial crisis. The warnings have come not only from the Fed's contingent of policy "hawks," or those usually skeptical of easy-money policies. They also have come from middle-of-the-road officials, those generally supportive of the Bernanke approach, notably Jeremy Stein, a Harvard economist appointed to the Fed Board of Governors by President Barack Obama.
Stung by the Fed's failure to head off the latest financial crisis, Mr. Bernanke insisted he is taking such concerns seriously. The Fed's semiannual report to Congress included a section laying out what the central bank is doing to better monitor financial stability and made repeated references to the concerns expressed by Mr. Stein and others.
"Although a long period of low rates could encourage excessive risk-taking, and continued close attention to such developments is certainly warranted, to this point we do not see the potential costs of the increased risk-taking in some financial markets as outweighing the benefits of promoting a stronger economic recovery and more-rapid job creation," he said.
Fed studies estimate that between 2008 and 2012 its bond buying increased the level of economic output by 3%, both by making it easier for households and businesses to borrow and by boosting stocks and household wealth. The added growth, the Fed estimates, led to three million more jobs than would have been created in the absence of such monetary stimulus.
As has become common, Mr. Bernanke faced some hostile questioning in his testimony before the Senate Banking Committee on Tuesday.
In one testy exchange, Sen. Bob Corker (R., Tenn.) told Mr. Bernanke his easy-money policies were sparking a global currency war and creating "faux" stock-market wealth that would be reversed as soon as interest rates started rising. He accused Mr. Bernanke of "throwing seniors under the bus" by pushing down interest rates and reducing their returns on savings and of encouraging people to live beyond their means.
Obviously perturbed, Mr. Bernanke replied that his record of keeping inflation low and stable is better than that of any Fed chairman since World War II. Inflation, as measured by the Commerce Department's personal-consumption-expenditure price index, has averaged about 2% during Mr. Bernanke's seven years in office. He added that he was looking out for people who were unemployed and that if he reversed course it could throw the economy back into recession.
At one point, Mr. Corker accused the Fed of subsidizing banks. "None of the things you said are accurate," Mr. Bernanke responded. "Oh yes they are," Mr. Corker replied.
Sen. Elizabeth Warren (D., Mass.) told Mr. Bernanke the Fed was being too easy on big banks, which she said benefit from a perception that they would be bailed out again in a crisis.
"The big banks are getting terrific breaks, and the little banks are getting smashed," Ms. Warren told Mr. Bernanke.
The Fed chairman said the central bank is trying to wipe out the advantages of big banks.
"The benefits of being large are going to decline over time, which means that some banks are going to voluntarily begin to reduce their size because they're not getting the benefit they used to get," he said.
Write to Jon Hilsenrath at firstname.lastname@example.com


text: 'Down South' as known by the locals, has long been a popular getaway with an easy 2.5 hour drive straight down south the Kwinana Freeway into the Bussell Highway – we promise it's that easy! What's not love about the Margaret River? This unique corner precinct of WA has certainly transformed itself over the last 50 years from surfers shooting the curl into a bio-diversity hot spot and 'hot spot' is spot on! In Summer, the place is literally bustling with visitors looking for a coastal getaway and with famous breaks, diving spots, wineries, Karri forests, 35,000 year-old caves, walking trails… and if that's not enough, it's also a providore haven to boot! A few days down here is nowhere near enough. Updated guide (Release 2) due to print January 2014. Print the latest info from the 'In the Know' section of the website so you don't miss out!


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Fred Beltran
Artist Beltran, Fred
Available series in store category "Comic books"
Fred Beltran in the
"Frédéric Beltran was born in Levallois-Perret, in 1963. Active in several creative fields, Beltran works as a comics artist, but also as a musician. He started out playing guitar in the band Stylbop in 1981. He began studies at several art schools, but nothing worked out. In 1985, he made..." [ Read more ]