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Residential Report Writing & Case Studies |
The Residential Report Writing and Case Studies course is designed to teach the importance of good report writing skills, ways to improve their writing skills, and how to prepare a professional appraisal report. It will also familiarize students with those provisions of the Uniform Standards of Professional Appraisal Practices (USPAP) and how they apply to many different types of appraisal reports including the URAR, the Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac appraisal reports, the Appraisal Institute residential appraisal report, the World Wide ERC Summary Appraisal Reports, and any related guidelines. And finally, with the use of case studies, teach the student how to complete a residential appraisal on a URAR report form.
This course contains several interactive case studies and a final exam that are provided to reinforce important concepts and test the students' knowledge.
The Appraisal Qualifications Board (AQB) of The Appraisal Foundation has approved the Harrison - Lee Appraisal Education Company, Basic Appraisal Principles Course.
1. Communicating the Appraisal Report 2. USPAP Compliance 3. Report Forms: Guidelines & Requirements 4. Case Studies - Overview 5. Case Study 1 - Subject Property 6. Case Study 2 - Marketing Time 7. Case Study 3 - Gross Living Area 8. Case Study 4 - Sales Comparison Approach 9. Case Study 5 - Cost Approach 10. Case Study 6 - Income Approach 11. Additional Information
In order to receive your Course Completion Certificate for the Report Writing course, you must successfully complete (with a score of 75 percent or greater) each of the exams and one final exam.The final exam must be taken under the supervision of a proctor. The guidelines for identifying and utilizing a qualified proctor are provided under the Testing link above.
Additionally, the student must submit an affidavit certifying that the person receiving credit for the course is the same person who took the course. All exams are taken on the Internet, and the exams are instantly graded.
The following reference book is provided by VanEd:
- Residential Report Writing & Case Studies by Henry Harrison & Burton Lee.
Using the Course MaterialsThe course is designed to use the course textbook in close conjunction with the internet material as follows:All chapter exams must be successfully completed prior to taking the online final exam.
- read the online learning objectives associated with each chapter,
- study the corresponding chapter in the textbook,
- take the online practice quizzes, typically covering two to three pages of textbook material,
- work the online exercise problems at the completion of each chapter,
- study the online flashcards, and
- complete the online chapter exam.
Quizzes, exercises and exams are all graded instantly.
Exercises include mathematical calculators, interactive worksheets, keyword concepts and short answers. The instructor's responses to the exercises are provided immediately after the student submits his or her answers.
All testing and grading will occur online. Testing includes quizzes, section exams, and a final exam.Quizzes are intended to reinforce important concepts and are distributed throughout the course. There is typically one quiz for each two or three pages of text material and each quiz question references the relevant page in the text. If, after two attempts, there are still incorrect answers to the quiz, the correct answers are provided. All quizzes within a section must be completed prior to taking the section exam.
There are two types of exams: section exams, and a final exam. A passing score of 75 percent is required for each exam, and students must pass all exams to complete the course. Exams are graded immediately and results provided online. If a passing score is not achieved, the student is told which questions were answered incorrectly and given a 'study hint' that points to the material the student should review before attempting the exam again.
Final Exam ProctorThe Proc course final exam must be taken online in the presence of a proctor according to the following guidelines:1. Identify a proctor - acceptable proctors include:
2. Student must present the proctor with government issued photo identification.
- Librarians
- Clergy
- Notary Publics
- A non-related individual: ( by neither blood or employment)
Prior arrangements must be made with Van Education Center (800) 455-8348.
Prior arrangement requirements:
i. Fax proctor's telephone number
ii. A copy of government issued photo identification
iii. E-mail addressVan Education Center will acknowledge acceptance of the proctor by e-mailing the proctor an affidavit with the proctor's name, students completed and acknowledgement of prior acceptance of the proctor.
If the proctor is one of a, b, or c above no prior approval of the proctor by Van Education Center is required.
3. Complete the closed book exam without removing questions or answers. This includes the prohibition of copying, printing, or otherwise removing material from the test.
4. Student should insure the proctor completes a Proctor Affidavit (included in the course).
5. Student should complete a Student Affidavit (included in the course).
6. Mail original Proctor Affidavit and Student Affidavit to:
Van Education Center
5345 Arapahoe Ave, Suite 7
Boulder, CO 80301
Please CLICK HERE to open the Appraisal School Catalog
The International Distance Education Certification Center (IDECC) has accepted this course delivery. Students who take this course are encouraged to provide IDECC with feedback about their learning experience. A feedback email address is available at www.IDECC.org.
VanEd is also interested in your feedback. Please contact us by telephone (1-800-652-8857) or by email (email@example.com).
The Appraisal Foundation's Appraisal Qualifications Board (AQB) maintains a course approval program. Independent appraisal educators who are selected for their knowledge and experience in appraising and appraisal education have reviewed all courses that are approved by the AQB. The AQB chief reviewer also reviews the courses to assure objectivity and quality control.
The AQB does not require participation in this program but it is strongly encouraged. Van Education Center is pleased to state that all of our appraisal classes have been approved by the AQB.


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Scott Rudin Movies
American film producer Scott Rudin learned how to make instant sink-or-swim decisions while a casting director on Broadway. As a theater producer, Rudin won a Tony award for his staging of Passion. He entered films in the early '80s, working his way up to the vice presidency and then the presidency of 20th Century Fox. He left that studio when he was 29 in favor of independent production. Among Scott Rudin's most lucrative productions have been
Sister Act
(1988) and
The Addams Family
(1991); he has also managed to parlay "small" films like
Little Man Tate
(1989) into audience favorites. ~ Hal Erickson, Rovi
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Ron Howard directed this thriller which stars Mel Gibson as Tom Mullen, a former fighter pilot who built a ramshackle one-plane airline into a major multinational service fleet. Mullen has a multi-million dollar fortune, a beautiful wife, Kate (Rene Russo) and a nine-year-old son, Sean (Brawley Nolte) that he dotes on. However, Mullen's life comes crashing down around him when Sean is kidnapped. The FBI are called in, but Mullen is wary -- he was the recent target of an FBI investigation in which he was found to have bribed union officials while negotiating a contract. FBI Agent Hawkins (Delroy Lindo) advises Mullen to make the $2 million dollar drop to pay the kidnappers, which will make it easier to track the criminals, but when the tradeoff goes wrong, Mullen takes a new tactic -- he goes on television and offers a $2 million bounty for the heads of the people who kidnapped his child. Meanwhile, it becomes clear the kidnappers include Maris Connor (Lili Taylor), who once worked for the Mullens, and Jimmy Shaker (Gary Sinise), one of the cops who investigated Mullen for bribery. This remake of the 1956 Glenn Ford vehicle of the same name was scripted by Richard Price, who has a bit part as a police detective. ~ Mark Deming, Rovi
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Rene Russo
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A man tries to figure out why his best friend isn't his mother in this comedy written and directed by Albert Brooks. John Henderson (Brooks) is a neurotic, self-obsessed writer whose relationships with women have been almost uniformly disastrous. Middle-aged and single, John decides that he must come to terms with his problems with women, and he decides to start with the first significant female relationship of his life -- his mother, Beatrice (Debbie Reynolds). John arrives at Beatrice's house and announces that he's moving back into his old room until he can resolve his issues with her. Beatrice politely plays along, but she is more puzzled by John's behavior than anything else. John and Beatrice soon find that they spend less time trying to resolve their differences than arguing if salads can be frozen or if you can really tell the difference between premium ice cream and the supermarket's store brand. Rob Morrow plays John's brother, and Lisa Kudrow plays one of John's less compatible blind dates. ~ Mark Deming, Rovi
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Debbie Reynolds
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Jane Austen might never have imagined that her 1816 novel Emma could be turned into a fresh and satirical look at ultra-rich teenagers in a Beverly Hills high school. Cher (Alicia Silverstone) and Dionne (Stacey Dash), both named after "great singers of the past that now do infomercials," are pampered upper-class girls who care less about getting good grades than wearing the right clothes and being as popular as possible. But Cher, who lives with her tough yet warm-hearted lawyer dad (Dan Hedaya) and hunky, sensitive stepbrother (Paul Rudd), also has an innate urge to help those less fortunate -- like the two introverted teachers she brings together ("negotiating" herself improved grades in the process) and new friend Tai (Brittany Murphy), who starts out a geek and ends up a Cher prodigy. Cher also possesses her own sensitive side, and she is looking for the perfect boyfriend, whom she ends up finding where she least expected. ~ Don Kaye, Rovi
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Stacey Dash
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A remake of a 1954 Billy Wilder romance, this updated version of the play Sabrina Fair was directed by Sydney Pollack. Julia Ormond stars as Sabrina Fairchild, the daughter of a kindly chauffeur (John Wood) at the Long Island estate of the upper-crust Larrabee family. Sabrina has grown up enchanted from afar with the Larrabees' sparkling world of privilege and wealth, but she's especially enamored of younger Larrabee brother David (Greg Kinnear), a charming womanizer. After the once-plain Sabrina returns from a sojourn in Paris transformed into a remarkably poised and attractive young woman, she at long last catches David's eye. In a calculated effort to manipulate David away from her and into a more financially advantageous marriage, older brother Linus (Harrison Ford) pretends to woo Sabrina himself, but finds himself unintentionally falling in love. ~ Karl Williams, Rovi
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Julia Ormond
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Nobody's Fool
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Paul Newman earned an Oscar nomination (and won citations from the New York Film Critics Circle and the Berlin International Film Festival) for his performance in this well-drawn comedy-drama. Sully (Newman) is a 60-year-old man who emotionally seems to have never quite emerged from adolescence; scraping by on part-time work in construction, Sully has built a life around avoiding responsibility. He hasn't spoken with his ex-wife (Elizabeth Wilson) in years, he lives in a rooming house owned by his eighth-grade teacher Mrs. Beryl (Jessica Tandy), his best friend is a mildly retarded handyman, Rub (Pruitt Taylor Vince), and he has a crush on Toby (Melanie Griffith), who is half his age and married to Carl (Bruce Willis), who sometimes gives him work. One day, Sully nearly runs into his son Peter (Dylan Walsh) and discovers that he has a grandson he never knew about; for the first time, Sully finds himself thinking that he ought to start behaving like a grown-up -- or at least get to know his family before it's too late. Nobody's Fool also features Gene Saks as Sully's lawyer Wirf, and Philip Seymour Hoffman as the overly-enthusiastic Officer Raymer. ~ Mark Deming, Rovi
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Paul Newman
Jessica Tandy
, (
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Legendary scientist Albert Einstein (played here by Walter Matthau) takes a break from theoretical physics to try to set up his intellectual niece with a handsome auto mechanic in this romantic comedy. The movie's central conceit is that Einstein's brilliance extends to matters of the heart, allowing him to immediately sense that Ed Walters (Tim Robbins), a bright, lower-class mechanic obsessed with Popular Science Magazine, would be perfect for his niece Catherine (Meg Ryan). Unfortunately, Catherine is already engaged to a stiff Princeton man. In order to defeat Catherine's resistance, Uncle Albert decides to help Ed pretend to be a revolutionary scientist, a charade that inevitably leads to much farcical confusion. Einstein's scientist pals are portrayed as a Greek chorus of Catskills-style kibitzers, featuring such notable perfomers as Lou Jacobi as Kurt Godel and director Gene Saks as Boris Podolsky. ~ Judd Blaise, Rovi
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Meg Ryan
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Life with Mikey
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James Lapine, whose Broadway credits as a writer/director includes work with Stephen Sondheim, made his Hollywood debut with this comedy. Michael J. Fox plays Michael Chapman, who once upon a time was a wise-cracking child star on a situation comedy called "Life With Mikey." Now in his thirties and on the skids, Michael makes personal appearances at grand openings of hamburger stands, and runs an unsuccessful talent agency (specializing in kids) with his brother Ed (Nathan Lane). The agency's only successful client is Barry Corman (David Krumholtz), a fourteen-year-old with an attitude who is known as "the cereal king" for his appearances on television commercials. Ed is trying to talk Michael into closing the agency and Barry is threatening to go elsewhere when a sprightly 10-year-old reprobate named Angie (Christina Vidal) tries to pick his pocket. When Angie delivers a heart-rendering tale of questionable honesty about being an orphan from Queens, Michael realizes that Angie would be perfect for a Sunburst Cookie commercial. She clicks in the commercial, and both her career and the agency's soar. In the meantime, Angie movies in with Michael, and as they bond, Michael realizes how to act like an adult and Angie realizes how to act like a child. ~ Paul Brenner, Rovi
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Michael J. Fox
Christina Vidal
, (
Sister Act 2: Back in the Habit
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In the sequel to the hit comedy Sister Act, Whoopie Goldberg reprises her role of Deloris Van Cartier, a Las Vegas entertainer who hid out with in a convent of nuns to avoid a nasty bunch of gangsters. In Sister Act 2: Back in the Habit, Deloris is persuaded to return to the convent by the Mother Superior (Maggie Smith), because her help is needed in teaching their choral students at St. Francis High in San Francisco. However, St. Francis is in a crisis, since the administrator running the school (James Coburn) is threatening to shut the place down. If the gospel choir wins first place in a singing contest in Los Angeles, St. Francis will be saved from the priest's plans. Though the plot is rather thin and derivative, Sister Act 2 is lighthearted fun, thanks to good musical numbers and winning performances from the cast. ~ Stephen Thomas Erlewine, Rovi
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Whoopi Goldberg
Kathy Najimy
, (
Addams Family Values
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The ghoulish cartoon family created by Charles Addams returns for a second big-screen outing darker and nastier than the first. When Morticia Addams (Anjelica Huston) gives birth to new baby boy Pubert, the other Addams children, Pugsley (Jimmy Workman) and Wednesday (Christina Ricci), devise any number of ways to kill off their new sibling. This leads Morticia and her husband, Gomez Raul Julia, to hire a nanny (Joan Cusack) to oversee all three children. But the nanny has an agenda of her own, packing the Addams children off to a horrid parody of summer camp and setting out to seduce Uncle Fester (Christopher Lloyd), all with the goal of getting her hands on the Addams family fortune. Of course, the Addams eventually triumph, with this blacker-than-most satire extolling the virtues of eccentricity and non-conformity above all. It was followed by 1999's direct-to-video Addams Family Reunion, with Darryl Hannah and Tim Curry replacing Huston and the late Julia. ~ Don Kaye, Rovi
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Anjelica Huston
Raul Julia
, (
The Firm
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In this drama, based on the best-selling novel by John Grisham, Mitch McDeer (Tom Cruise) is a young man from a poor Southern family who has struggled through Harvard Law School to graduate fifth in his class. Mitch is entertaining offers from major firms in New York and Chicago, but when Memphis-based Bendini, Lambert, & Locke offer him a 20 percent higher salary than the best offer he's received, in addition to an enticing variety of perks and fringe benefits, he decides to sign on and remain in the South. Mitch's wife, Abby (Jeanne Tripplehorn), warns him that the deal sounds almost too good to be true, but it's not until after several weeks of working with Avery Tolar (Gene Hackman) that Mitch discovers that the vast majority of BL&L's business is tied to organized crime, with crime boss Joey Morolto (Paul Sorvino) using the firm to launder Mafia money. FBI agents Wayne Tarrance (Ed Harris) and F. Denton Voyles (Steven Hill) try to blackmail Mitch into helping them make a case against the firm, while BL&L's "security director" William Devasher (Wilford Brimley) is blackmailing him to do as he's told after Mitch foolishly allows himself to be seduced by a prostitute hired by the firm. The Firm was adapted for the screen by acclaimed playwright David Rabe and features performances by Hal Holbrook, Holly Hunter, and Gary Busey. ~ Mark Deming, Rovi
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Tom Cruise
Jeanne Tripplehorn
, (
Searching for Bobby Fischer
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Searching for Bobby Fischer was inspired by the life of chess prodigy Josh Waitzkin, as written by his father Fred Waitzkin. Josh (Max Pomeranc) is a "regular kid" who begins evincing signs of being a genius at chess. His father (Joe Mantegna) encourages this, hoping that it won't fundamentally change his son's healthy outlook on life. But Josh is taken under the wing of cold-blooded chess instructor Bruce Pandolfini (Ben Kingsley), who indoctrinates the boy in the "Bobby Fischer" strategy. Unfortunately, Pandolfini emphasizes all of Fischer's negative traits, especially his contempt for his opponents. Josh is in danger throughout the film of sacrificing his essential decency, but in a rousing conclusion, the boy is able to successfully blend ruthless competition with good sportsmanship. ~ Hal Erickson, Rovi
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Joe Mantegna
Max Pomeranc
, (
White Sands
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A suicide found in the desert with 500,000 dollars cash stuffed in a briefcase makes Sheriff Ray Dolezal (Willem Dafoe) curious. What was the dead man up to? Sensing that if he follows the money, he'll find crime at the end of the trail, Dolezal assumes his identity. He soon discovers the dead man was a paid informant for an FBI agent (Samuel L. Jackson) trailing an arms dealer (Mickey Rourke) who works with an intermediary (Mary Elizabeth Mastrantonio). Dolezal begins to suspect that he's being set up to take a big fall when the money is stolen from him and the dead man's girlfriend (Maura Tierney, in an early role) gets killed after she tells him that her beau had a partner in a scheme to steal the money from the FBI. Will his enemies discover his real identity? Will the FBI agent turn on him? Will he get back the money? ~ Nick Sambides, Jr., Rovi
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Willem Dafoe
Mickey Rourke
, (
Jennifer Eight
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Stressed out LA detective John Berlin gets too near the edge following the destruction of his marriage and decides to leave the violence an un-ending hub-bub of the big city and take a job in the supposedly quiet northern tow of Eureka. Unfortunately, he isn't there long before he finds himself obsessed with pursuing a serial killer with a thing for blind young women. The case isn't new and Berlin's old-time buddy, Freddy Ross and his boys have spent the last six months investigating a string of seven murders. They have dubbed the case "Jennifer 8" because Berlin is positive that he knows the identity of the next victim. She is beautiful blind student Helena Robertson, the roommate of the latest victim. As he steps up his investigation, Berlin finds himself falling for Helena. Meanwhile, he has become so obsessed with finding the killer that pal Ross begins worrying that Berlin is having a breakdown and so goes with him on a late night surveillance of Helena's school. A tragedy ensues leaving Berlin to not only go it alone, but also to clear his own name. ~ Sandra Brennan, Rovi
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Andy Garcia
Uma Thurman
, (
Sister Act
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A sleeper hit that received a lukewarm reception from critics but was a success with audiences, Sister Act (1992) was star Whoopi Golberg's first bona fide smash after her Oscar victory for Ghost (1990). Goldberg stars as Deloris Van Cartier, a Reno lounge singer who accidentally witnesses a brutal murder carried out by her gangster boyfriend Vince (Harvey Keitel). Under the protection of a detective (Bill Nunn) who's trying to bring down Vince's criminal operation, Deloris is placed in protective custody at a San Francisco convent. Masquerading as a nun renamed Sister Mary Clarence, Deloris shakes up the established order of the sisters' lives, particularly enlivening their choral efforts. Although running constantly afoul of the Mother Superior (Maggie Smith), the new, jazzed-up musical act becomes a huge hit in the community, even drawing the attention of the Pope, but also alerting Vince to Deloris' whereabouts. Although credited to the pseudonymous
Joseph Howard
, Sister Act was actually written by Paul Rudnick and Carrie Fisher. The film was followed by a sequel, Sister Act 2: Back in the Habit (1993). ~ Karl Williams, Rovi
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Whoopi Goldberg
Maggie Smith
, (
Regarding Henry
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Combining elements of A Christmas Carol and Rain Man (1988), this modern-day parable of greed and redemption was crafted with generous helpings of sentimentality by director Mike Nicholas. Harrison Ford stars as Henry Turner, a slick, ruthless corporate attorney willing to spin any falsehood to win a case. A bully to his teenage daughter Rachel (Mikki Allen), Henry also cheats on his wife Sarah (Annette Bening) and treats everyone from the maid to his assistant with cruel selfishness. Stepping out to a local mini-market for a pack of cigarettes late one night, Henry accidentally interrupts a burglary and is shot in the head by a stick-up artist. After a long coma, Henry survives only to find that he has no memory and must re-learn everything from reading to tying his shoes. Reborn as a friendly, childlike innocent, Henry charms his therapist (Bill Nunn) and reconnects with his wife and daughter, only to uncover some secrets about how truly appalling he once was. ~ Karl Williams, Rovi
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Harrison Ford
Annette Bening
, (
Little Man Tate
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Jodie Foster made her directorial debut (with a script by Scott Frank) in this tale of a child prodigy's search for social acceptance. Fred Tate (Adam Hann-Byrd) is a precocious fourth grader who has no problem with the most complex mathematical problems or in banging out a Rachmaninoff concerto on the piano, but is totally inept at playing baseball or dealing with children his own age. His mother Dede (Jodie Foster) is a cocktail waitress who acts more like a child than Fred, but cares passionately about her son. Fred comes to the attention of child psychologist Jane Grierson (Dianne Wiest), who runs a summer camp for child prodigies called Odyssey of the Mind. She invites Fred to attend the summer session, creating a rift between Fred and Dede. ~ Paul Brenner, Rovi
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Jodie Foster
Adam Hann-Byrd
, (
The Addams Family
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Inspired more by the 1960s TV series than by the original Charles Addams New Yorker cartoons, The Addams Family proved to be one of the more successful of the TV shows-turned-movies of the 1990s. The film opens on a recreation of the magazine cartoon wherein the ghoulish Addamses prepare to pour hot oil upon a group of merry Christmas carolers. After a series of vignettes which establish the characters of Gomez (Raul Julia), Morticia (Anjelica Huston), Wednesday (Christina Ricci), Pugsley (Jimmy Workman) and family servants Lurch (Carel Struycken) and Thing (Christopher Hart), the plot proper gets under way. A stranger, played by Christopher Lloyd, shows up on the Addams doorstep, claiming to be long-lost Uncle Fester. It appears, however, that Lloyd is a ringer, in cahoots with attorney Tully Alford (Dan Hedaya) to strip the Addamses of their fortune. In their usual against-the-grain fashion, the Addams Family seems to delight in the possibility that they're being hoodwinked-indeed, not even kidnapping or death threats dampen the Addams clan's joy of living (or should we say dying?). The Addams Family served as the directorial debut of cinematographer Barry Sonnenfeld. ~ Hal Erickson, Rovi
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Anjelica Huston
Raul Julia
, (
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Despite its occasional lapses into silly self-consciousness, Flatliners is one of the most intriguing and well-constructed supernatural thrillers of the 1990s. A group of brilliant medical students decide to literally play with life and death. They put themselves in suspended animation, electronically inducing a near-deathlike state and then pulling out of it at the last possible moment. Things get hairy when one of the students (Kiefer Sutherland) becomes obsessed with the notion of
dying, the better to experience the Afterlife before being revived--if he
be revived. In her first dramatic starring role (playing a sensitive young lady on a misguided guilt trip), Julia Roberts is very, very good--completely bereft of movie-star mannerisms. Audiences flocked to see Flatliners back in 1990 due to the highly publicized off-screen romance between Roberts and Sutherland. Oh, yes: Kevin Bacon and William Baldwin are in the picture, too. ~ Hal Erickson, Rovi
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Kiefer Sutherland
Julia Roberts
, (
Pacific Heights
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John Schlesinger directed this upscale horror film about a landlord with the ultimate problem tenant. Patty Palmer (Melanie Griffith) and Drake Goodman (Matthew Modine) are a middle class couple who lie on their financial statement in order to buy an old Victorian house in San Francisco, planning to renovate it and rent it out. Unfortunately, they select as a tenant Carter Hayes (Michael Keaton), a psychotic real estate bargain hunter who plans to drive Patty and Drake into foreclosure proceedings and then buy the house cheap. Carter starts the ball rolling by refusing to pay his rent and driving out a couple who had rented the rear flat by hammering and sawing all night -- and then releasing a tidal wave of cockroaches. What follows is a psychological war between Carter and the Yuppie couple, with Carter succeeding not only in provoking Drake into more extreme means of eviction, but also causing a rift between Drake and Patty. ~ Paul Brenner, Rovi
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Michael Keaton
Melanie Griffith
, (
Mrs. Soffel
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Based on a true story, Mrs. Soffel is set in Pittsburgh near the dawn of the 20th century. Peter Soffel (Edward Herrmann) is the warden of a top security prison, and his wife Kate (Diane Keaton) often comes by to read the Bible aloud to the inmates, despite her fragile health. While making her rounds, she makes the acquaintance of the Biddle Brothers, Ed (Mel Gibson) and Jack (Matthew Modine), who are sentenced to death for murder and robbery. Ed has become something of a celebrity thanks to his letter-writing campaign, in which he appeals in the letter-to-the-editor columns of the popular press to stay the execution of his brother and himself. His good looks, intelligence, and charm make a strong impression on Kate, whose marriage offers her little excitement. In time, Kate finds herself falling in love with Ed, and she discovers that she's unexpectedly receptive to his suggestion that she help him escape. Mrs. Soffel was the first American film from noted Australian filmmaker Gillian Armstrong. ~ Mark Deming, Rovi
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Diane Keaton
Mel Gibson
, (
Reckless is the word for rebellious teenaged Johnny Rourke (Aidan Quinn). With a drunken dad and a police-blotter rap sheet as long as his arm, Quinn pursues an "impossible" romance with Tracey Prescott (Daryl Hannah), a girl from a wealthy, highly respected family. Tracey is thrilled at the prospect of kicking over the traces with Johnny, and soon proves to be as big a hellraiser as he is....if not more so. Reckless was written by Chris Columbus, just before he hit pay dirt with Gremlins and The Goonies. ~ Hal Erickson, Rovi
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Aidan Quinn
Daryl Hannah
, (
I'm Dancing As Fast As I Can
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Jill Clayburgh plays, as one character calls her, "a pill-popping dingbat" in this film adaptation of television producer Barbara Gordon's autobiographical account of her addiction to prescription drugs. Clayburgh plays Gordon in the film as a successful television documentary filmmaker whose mounting pressures force her to pop a Valium or two for nerves. She then ingests a few more pills after an argument with boyfriend Derek Bauer (Nicol Williamson). And thus begins her slow and steady compulsion to keep taking more and more Valium. Finally realizing her addiction, Gordon makes a disastrous attempt to go cold turkey but fails miserably, finally having to undergo a painful rehabilitation in an institution. ~ Paul Brenner, Rovi
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Jill Clayburgh
Nicol Williamson
, (
Revenge of the Stepford Wives
According to the NBC publicity packet, the made-for-TV Revenge of the Stepford Wives was "based on characters created by Ira Levin" -- specifically, those characters created by Levin for his fantasy-suspense novel The Stepford Wives, which was transformed into a theatrical film in 1975. On this occasion, plucky TV journalist Kay Foster (Sharon Gless) is stranded in the "idyllic" New England community of Stepford, populated exclusively by chauvinistic males and their eerily submissive and subservient wives. With the help of Megan Brady (Julie Kavner), a new arrival to the community who hasn't yet been "conditioned," Kay tries to learn the terrible secret behind the robotic Stepford wives -- and to foment a rebellion against the wicked menfolk. Revenge of the Stepford Wives first aired on October 12, 1980. ~ Hal Erickson, Rovi
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The Last Embrace
In 1979, Jonathan Demme was still a cutting-edge director and The Last Embrace was his first effort at a completely commercial assignment. Very much in the Hitchcock vein, The Last Embrace is an intense suspense film concerning Harry Hannan (Roy Scheider), a government agent recovering from a catatonic collapse after the murder of his wife. After Harry's recovery, he is back on the job, but he can't figure out whether he is suffering from self-induced paranoia or if his former employers want to kill him. These conflicting feelings are exacerbated when he forms a connection with a nervous graduate student, Ellie Fabian (Janet Margolin), whom he discovers is living in his apartment. ~ Paul Brenner, Rovi
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Roy Scheider
Janet Margolin
, (
The Wanderers
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The year 1979 saw an epidemic of American street-gang films, including Phil Kaufman's hit period drama The Wanderers. Set in the Bronx in 1963, the film concerns the titular gang of Italian-American teens and their ongoing power struggle with the rival "Fordham Baldies." Richard Price, upon whose novel this film was based, drew from his own experiences to weave his tale. Essentially a series of anecdotes-some tension-filled, some amusing -- The Wanderers climaxes on the occasion of the J.F.K. assassination, which for Price and hundreds and thousands of his aimless contemporaries served as a wake-up call. Viewed from the vantage point of the 1990s, one would wish that the
street gangs be shocked into adulthood with such suddenness (though not through the same tragic means). Ken Wahl, Karen Allen, and Linda Manz are among the standout performers in this richly detailed period piece. ~ Hal Erickson, Rovi
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World markets: European markets reversed course late in the day and ended lower, while Asian markets ended with gains.
Dow ekes out another record high
Apple, AT&T to release numbers after close
POSTED: 09:38 AM EDT Jul 23, 2013
UPDATED: 03:27 PM EDT Jul 24, 2013
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December 02, 2013
New Easy Eater 2 iPhone App Gets Kids to Eat More Fruits and Vegetables
TFA and Northwestern grads at JiveHealth release the followup to their national award-winning game, Easy Eater.
Full Blog Entry -
November 27, 2013
The Nice List: What To Ask For This Holiday Season
The holiday season is here! What's on your wish list? Instead of settling for yet another ugly sweater this year, consider asking for one of these useful digital media-themed gifts, curated by TFA's faculty.
Full Blog Entry -
November 26, 2013
Holiday Happenings Around TFA
Visiting our campus this month? Plan a holiday outing around your trip to TFA! Here are our suggestions for wintery wanderings around our campus.
Full Blog Entry -
October 24, 2013
TFA Chicago Critics Club Reviews Machete Kills
TFA student Chuck Lewis reviews the next installment of Robert Rodriguez's Machete series.
Full Blog Entry -
October 18, 2013
An Interview with Chloë Grace Moretz
Tribeca Flashpoint Academy student Sara Cushing of the TFA Critics Club sits down with actress Chloë Grace Moretz to talk about her starring role in the 2013 reboot of Carrie.
Full Blog Entry -
October 02, 2013
Joseph Gordon-Levitt on Don Jon
TFA student Collin Henderson sits down with the star, writer, and director of Don Jon.
Full Blog Entry
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recipe reviews for:
"This is a light and fluffy mousse with a wonderful raspberry sauce. Great layered like a parfait then frozen. Additional Raspberry sauce can be spooned over cakes or served with mousse."
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BINGHAMTON, N.Y. -- A brand new event will highlight downtown Binghamton's night life. A group of Binghamton restaurant owners have organized the city's first ever Martini Walk.
Mayor Matt Ryan was on hand Wednesday to announce the details for the event, which will take place August 25th. The walk shares a dual goal of promoting night life, activity and entertainment in downtown Binghamton, while at the same time, raising money for the local Discovery Center.
Tickets are $5 with each sample martini costing just $1, with one hundred percent of the ticket price benefitting the Discovery Center.
Organizers encourage attendees to check out all the different spots on the walk and to do so safely.
"At each of the venues, you'll be able to pick up maps to all of the venues. Of course we'll also have the numbers of the local cab companies because we do encourage people if they are not able to get a designated driver to cab it to and from the Martini Walk," said Joshua Luszki, Martini Walk organizer.
Fewer than 100 tickets are left for the Binghamton Martini Walk.
For information on which restaurants are participating and where to purchase tickets, visit www.facebook.com/BingMartiniWalk.


text:
- nation x 115,860Country Level
- nsa x 111,180Not seasonally adjusted
- usa x 65,653United States of America
- monthly x 43,418
- bls x 23,302U.S. Department of Labor: Bureau of Labor Statistics
- imports x 3,526
- price index x 2,570
- mxp x 1,135U.S. Import and Export Price Indexes
- commodities x 933
- asian x 13
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Import Price Index: Asian NICs - All commodities (OASTOT)
2013-10: 90.6 Index 2000=100 Last 5 Observations
Monthly, Not Seasonally Adjusted, Updated: 2013-11-15 8:17 AM CST
Source: | U.S. Department of Labor: Bureau of Labor Statistics |
Release: | U.S. Import and Export Price Indexes |
Asian Newly Industrialized Countries. Includes Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea and Taiwan. For more information, please see the Import/Export Price Indexes frequently asked questions site at http://www.bls.gov/mxp/ippfaq.htm. |


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Latest Sports News from TSN.ca
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Leafs' Phaneuf to have hearing for hit on Bruins' Miller
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Report: Raptors send Gay to Kings in seven-player deal
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Blackhawks beat Panthers; lose Crawford to injury in first
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Brady, Patriots score two late touchdowns, defeat Browns
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Prater's record kick propels Broncos to win over Titans
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Browsing Faculty of Natural Sciences by Title
Bustard, Mark T.; Whiting, Samantha; Cowan, Donald A.; Wright, Phillip C. (Springer Verlag, 2002)[more][less]
Abstract: The aerobic biodegradation of high-concentration, to 24 g l –1 , 2-propanol (IPA) by a thermophilic isolate ST3, identified as Bacillus pallidus , was successfully carried out for the first time. This solvent-tolerant B. pallidus utilized IPA as the sole carbon source within a minimal salts medium. Cultivation was carried out in 100-ml shake flasks at 60°C and compared with cultivation within a 1-l stirred tank reactor (STR). Specific growth rate () was about 0.2 h–1 for both systems, with a maximum cell density of 2.4 x 10 8 cells ml–1 obtained with STR cultivation. During exponential growth and stationary phase, IPA biodegradation rates were found to be 0.14 and 0.02 g l –1h–1, respectively, in shake-flask experiments, whereas corresponding values of 0.09 and 0.018 g l –1h–1 were achievable in the STR. Generation of acetone, the major intermediate in aerobic IPA biodegradation, was also monitored as an indicator of microbial IPA utilization. Acetone levels reached a maximum of 2.2–2.3 g l–1 after 72 and 58 h for 100-ml and 1-l systems, respectively. Both IPA and acetone were completely removed from the medium following 160 and 175 h, respectively, during STR growth, although this was not demonstrated within shake-flask reactions. Growth of B. pallidus on acetone or IPA alone demonstrated that the maximum growth rate () obtainable was 0.247 h–1 at 4 g l–1 acetone and 0.202 h–1 at 8 g l–1 IPA within shake-flask cultivation. These results indicate the potential of the solvent-tolerant thermophile B. pallidus ST3 in the bioremediation of hot solvent-containing industrial waste streams. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10566/154 Files in this item: 1
BustardBiodegradation2002.pdf (453.9Kb) -
Xu, Yongxin (Springer Verlag, 2011)[more][less]
Xu, Yongxin (Springer Verlag, 2012)[more][less]
Xu, Yongxin; van Tonder, Gerrit J.; van Wyk, B.; van Wyk, E.; Aleobua, B. (Water Research Commission, 1997)[more][less]
Abstract: This paper shows that a borehole dilution experiment using common salt is a useful technique for better understanding of some hydrogeological features of a fractured aquifer. A sense of such tracer experiments was performed in the campus site aquifer, a hydrological experiment site of the Institute for Ground Studies at the University of the Orange Free State in Bloemfontein. It is demonstrated that the model for use in homogeneous aquifers may be adapted in fractured aquifers. Results have revealed valuable information on hydraulic parameters of the fracture system at different scales. Profiles of electrical conductivities monitored in several boreholes can be used to locate horizontal fracture zones in the aquifer. These results may provide an important guide to formulate realistic conceptual models for borehole protection zoning. The experiment can also serve as a reference to future experiments of this kind in Karoo aquifers which cover some 50% of the subcontinent of Southern Africa. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10566/823 Files in this item: 1
XuBoreholeDilutionExperiment1997.pdf (483.3Kb) -
Blake, Edwin H.; Tucker, William D. (CTIT, 2004)[more][less]
Abstract: Connecting people across the Digital Divide is as much a social effort as a technological one. We are developing a community-centered approach to learn how interaction techniques can compensate for poor communication across the Digital Divide. We have incorporated the lessons learnt regarding Social Intelligence Design in an (abstract) device called the SoftBridge. The device allows information to flow from endpoints through adapters (getting converted if necessary), and out to destination endpoints. Field trials are underway with two communities in South Africa, disadvantaged deaf users and an isolated rural community. First lessons learned show that we have to design user interfaces that allow users to understand and cope with delay (latency) as a necessary consequence of our approach. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10566/617 Files in this item: 1
BlakeTucker-SID2004.pdf (158.2Kb) -
Wang, Yuan Yuan; Tucker, William D. (Telkom, 2010)[more][less]
Abstract: This paper describes the design and evaluation of two browser-based video communication prototypes that support sign language communication between Deaf people. The research explores combinations of technologies, protocols and architectures with the hope to eventually provide a mobile video system that Deaf people would want to use enough to pay for. Technology products, and in particular mobile and web-based video communication systems, are designed for the majority of people in general. These are not necessarily suitable for Deaf people who have very different physiological and cultural needs. We focus on browser-based video transmission because end-users need not fiddle with application installation. Web-browsers are also common on mobile phones. This paper compares two prototypes built with Adobe Flex and the fifth version of the HyperText Markup Language, H.264 and H.263 video codecs, and PC and mobile phone implementations. The paper describes the motivation, related work, methods, prototype design and finally analyses results of user experiments conducted with Deaf users. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10566/739 Files in this item: 1
WangTucker-SATNAC 2010.pdf (351.2Kb) -
Wang, Yuan Yuan; Tucker, William D. (Telkom, 2009)[more][less]
Abstract: This paper describes work in progress to to provide browser-based sign language communication for deaf users. The paper introduces the communication requirements for a disadvantaged Deaf community in Cape Town, describes related work of generic open source browser-based video and video systems targeted specifically to Deaf users. We posit an experimental design to test if Adobe Flash can help provide an acceptable video system for Deaf users. We wish to learn if the transport and video quality of browser-based Adobe Flash video can provide an effective platform for sign language communication. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10566/622 Files in this item: 1
WangTucker-SATNAC2009.pdf (141.2Kb) -
Zulu, Docas Dudu; Tucker, William D. (Telkom, 2010)[more][less]
Abstract: This paper describes work in progress on call capacity optimization for voice over Internet Protocol on wireless mesh networks. In a developing country such as South Africa, evidence has shown that rural inhabitants find it difficult to afford the voice services offered by cellular networks. Voice over Internet Protocol is known for its affordability relative to cellular voice services, therefore deploying such services for rural communities will not only benefit rural inhabitants but also offer economic advantages to service providers. We are interested in the provision of voice services with rural wireless mesh networks. Unfortunately voice on mesh networks can experience packet loss and delays that cause reduction in voice quality. Transmission of small voice packets over wireless mesh networks imposes high overhead that leads to a tremendous decrease in call capacity. Therefore, we aim to study the performance of voice over 802.11 wireless mesh networks and evaluate packet aggregation mechanisms that merge small voice packets into a single large packet, in order to preserve voice quality with more calls. We will implement and evaluate packet aggregations mechanisms on a 'mesh potato' network with iterative cycles of laboratory experiments using a network simulator to collect data for performance evaluation. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10566/618 Files in this item: 1
ZuluTucker-SATNAC2010.pdf (138.4Kb) -
Xu, Yongxin; van Tonder, Gerrit J. (Water Research Commission, 2002)[more][less]
Abstract: Delineation of capture zones for groundwater source protection is normally performed by using numerical codes which are based on the porous medium flow equation. However, boreholes are often sited in or along permeable dykes or single fracture zones through which aquifers are drained. It is very important to take into account dyke-influenced aquifers. This paper makes use of Linesink to simulate permeable dyke or fractured zones and utilises the pathline distribution to delineate the capture zones. Conditions when the influence of a fractured dyke can be considered negligible are also discussed through comparison with stagnation point in a uniform flow field. The approach may be sufficient to illustrate protection zoning requirements when dyke aquifers are considered. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10566/811 Files in this item: 1
XuCaptureZone2002.pdf (333.9Kb) -
Muriithi, Grace; Gitari, Wilson; Petrik, Leslie; Ndungu, Patrick (Elsevier, 2011)[more][less]
Abstract: Coal combustion by-products such as fly ash (FA), brine and CO2 from coal fired power plants have the potential to impact negatively on the environment. FA and brine can contaminate the soil, surface and ground water through leaching of toxic elements present in their matrices while CO2 has been identified as a green house gas that contributes significantly towards the global warming effect. Reaction of CO2 with FA/brine slurry can potentially provide a viable route for CO2 sequestration via formation of mineral carbonates. Fractionated FA has varying amounts of CaO which not only increases the brine pH but can also be converted into an environmentally benign calcite. Carbonation efficiency of fractionated and brine impacted FA was investigated in this study. Controlled carbonation reactions were carried out in a reactor set-up to evaluate the effect of fractionation on the carbonation efficiency of FA. Chemical and mineralogical characteristics of fresh and carbonated ash were evaluated using XRF, SEM, and XRD. Brine effluents were characterized using ICP-MS and IC. A factorial experimental approach was employed in testing the variables. The 20–150 μm size fraction was observed to have the highest CO2 sequestration potential of 71.84 kg of CO2 per ton of FA while the >150 μm particles had the lowest potential of 36.47 kg of CO2 per ton of FA. Carbonation using brine resulted in higher degree of calcite formation compared to the ultra-pure water carbonated residues. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10566/757 Files in this item: 1
MuriithiFlyAsh2011.pdf (5.073Mb) -
Mugabo, Pierre; Obikeze, Kenechukwu; Njagi, Angela; Burger, Andries; Dietrich, Danielle; Green, Ivan (Open Access Science Research Publisher, 2012)[more][less]
Abstract: Crinum macowanii has been used extensively in traditional medicines for treatment of various illnesses such as oedema and 'heart disease'. Previous studies of the crude bulb extracts on Langendorff perfused isolated rat hearts indicated a positive inotropic effect. The aim of this study was to isolate and characterize compound(s) from C. macowanii with cardiovascular effects similar to that observed with the crude extracts of the plant. The methanol extract of dried bulbs was extracted for alkaloids, and structural elucidation of the isolated alkaloid identified it as hippadine. The cardiovascular effects of hippadine was evaluated in vitro in isolated perfused rat hearts using the "double sided" working heart system. Perfusion with 0.5 μg/ml and 5.0 μg/ml hippadine in Krebs-Hanseleit buffer led to significant decreases in coronary flow, aortic output, cardiac output, systolic pressure, and heart rate, accompanied by increases in diastolic pressure. Hippadine exhibited a negative chronotropic and inotropic effect on the isolated rat heart and is responsible either partly or fully for the cardiovascular effects of C. macowanii. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10566/401 Files in this item: 1
MugaboHippadine2012.pdf (63.78Kb) -
Gershwin, Lisa-Ann; Gibbons, Mark J. (Magnolia Press, 2009)[more][less]
Abstract: A common and conspicuous member of the medusan fauna of South Africa has been the subject of repeated taxonomic confusion. After having been mistakenly identified by earlier workers as either Carybdea alata or Tamoya haplonema, this large and colourful carybdeid is described herein as Carybdea branchi, sp. nov. It is distinguished from its congeners on numerous characters: body to about 8cm in life, densely scattered with nematocyst warts over the whole body and abaxial keels of the pedalia; a bulge or lateral thorn on the pedalial canal bend; with 2 dendritic velarial canals per octant, highly diverticulated; with a long manubrium; with greatly bushy epaulette-like phacellae, comprising 20 or more roots tightly clustered; with well developed mesenteries; and with conspicuous brownish pigmented areas over the proximal and distal regions of the pedalia and over the phacellae. A comparative table of the primary diagnostic characters of species in the genus Carybdea is given. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10566/369 Files in this item: 1
GershwinCarybdeida2009.pdf (1.003Mb) -
Maneveldt, Gavin; Keats, Derek; Chamberlain, Yvonne (Elsevier, 2008)[more][less]
Abstract: Non-geniculate coralline red algae are common in all of the world's oceans, where they often occupy close to 100% of the primary rocky substratum. The South African rocky subtidal and intertidal habitats in particular, are rich in diversity and abundance of non-geniculate coralline red algae. Despite their ubiquity, they are a poorly known and poorly understood group of marine organisms. Few scattered records of non-geniculate coralline red algae were published prior to 1993, but these should be treated with caution since many taxa have undergone major taxonomic review since then. Also, generic names such as Lithophyllum and Lithothamnion were loosely used by many authors for a host of different non-geniculate coralline algae. A series of taxonomic studies, based mainly on the Western Cape Province of South Africa, published particularly between 1993 and 2000, has significantly extended our knowledge of these algae from southern Africa. References to these latter papers and the older records are now gathered here and a list of the well delimited families (3), subfamilies (4), genera (17) and species (43) are presented. A catalogue with keys to the various taxonomic categories is also provided. A marked reduction in the number of real taxa has been found largely because many earlier recorded taxa have been reduced to synonymy, or have not been verified, or examined in a modern context and so their placement is considered dubious, particularly because the Corallinales have undergone major taxonomic revisions in recent years. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10566/656 Files in this item: 1
Maneveldtcataloguewithkeys2008.pdf (182.2Kb) -
Mutemwa, Muyowa; Tucker, William D.; Norman, Michael (Telkom, 2009)[more][less]
Abstract: This paper discusses how an Instant Messaging application on a computer can use Bluetooth in order to provide vibration notification on a mobile phone. The initial motivation was to aid Deaf1 office workers to know when events happened on the computer on their desks. Deaf people with access to modern technology have become accustomed to using Instant Messaging, email and video conferencing. However, most of these applications are designed for hearing users and often use audible notification. Cell phone vibration offers a way to convey similar notifications because many Deaf users have a cell phone. The use of SMS has also become widespread among Deaf users because they cannot hear or speak, even though they might be somewhat text illiterate. Vibration notification in addition to aural notification is common on most cell phones and Deaf users can use the former. This paper describes a Bluetooth notification system to notify a Deaf user with vibration on a cell phone whenever a new Instant Message is received on a given computer. A design goal was to provide an application programming interface to the notification system so that it can be used with any form of Web 2.0 desktop communication tool. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10566/530 Files in this item: 1
MutemwaNormanTuckerBluetooth2009.pdf (343.6Kb) -
Berry, Michael; Manasse, Taryn-Lee; Tan, Yee-Joo; Fielding, Burtram C. (Academic Journals, 2012)[more][less]
Abstract: Coronavirus N is a multifunctional protein that plays an essential role in enhancing the efficiency of virus transcription and assembly. This manuscript reports the analysis of HCoV-NL63 N protein by comparing the amino acid sequences of coronavirus N-homologues. A ~50 kDa protein was expressed in both a mammalian cell and bacterial cell system that is similar in size to the predicted ~42.6 kDa HCoV-NL63 N protein. PSORTII identified two putative nuclear localisations signals and PONDR identified one disordered region in HCoV-NL63 N. The reported protein analysis serves as a prelude to laboratory analysis to understand the processing of HCoV-NL63 N. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10566/735 Files in this item: 1
BerryHumanCoronavirus2012.pdf (970.9Kb) -
Musingarimi, Wicleffe; Tuffin, I. Marla; Cowan, Donald A. (Academy of Science of South Africa, 2010)[more][less]
Abstract: An arsenic resistant Bacillus sp. UWC was isolated from fly ash acid mine drainage (FA-AMD) neutralised solids. A genomic library was prepared and screened in an arsenic sensitive mutant Escherichia coli strain for the presence of arsenic resistance (ars) genes. Sequence analysis of a clone conferring resistance to both sodium arsenite and sodium arsenate revealed homologues to the arsR (regulatory repressor), arsB (membrane located arsenite pump), arsC (arsenate reductase), arsD (second regulatory repressor and a metallochaperone) and arsA (ATPase) genes from known arsenic resistance operons. The Bacillus sp. UWC arsRBCDA genes were shown to be arranged in an unusual manner with the arsDA genes immediately downstream of arsC. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10566/160 Files in this item: 1
MusingarimiCharacterisation2010.PDF (566.6Kb) -
Fielding, Burtram C.; Davison, Sean (Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1999)[more][less]
Abstract: The polyhedrin gene (polh) was identified from the Trichoplusia ni (Tni) single capsid nuclear polyhedrosis virus (SNPV). An EcoRI fragment containing the truncated polyhedrin gene was detected by hybridization with an AcMNPV expression vector probe; the remaining portion of the gene was amplified by reverse PCR. An open reading frame (ORF) of 741 nucleotides (nt), encoding a putative protein of 246 amino acids (a.a) with Mr 28,780 Da was identified. The 50-noncoding region contained the putative late (TAAG) transcription initiation motif. The 30 end, downstream of the translation stop codon, lacked an obvious putative poly (A) signal. Nucleotide and amino acid homology are greater than 80% to that of Mamestra brassicae polyhedrin sequences.Results suggest that T. niSNPV is a member of the group II nuclear polyhedrosis viruses. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10566/879 Files in this item: 0
Fielding, Burtram C.; Tan, Yee-Joo; Shen, Shuo; Tan, Timothy HP; Ooi, Eng-Eong; Lim, Seng Gee; Hong, Wanjin; Goh, Phuay-Yee (American Society for Microbiology, 2004)[more][less]
Abstract: A novel coronavirus (CoV) has been identified as the etiological agent of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). The SARS-CoV genome encodes the characteristic essential CoV replication and structural proteins. Additionally, the genome contains six group-specific open reading frames (ORFs) larger than 50 amino acids, with no known homologues. As with the group-specific genes of the other CoVs, little is known about the SARS-CoV group-specific genes. SARS-CoV ORF7a encodes a putative unique 122-amino-acid protein, designated U122 in this study. The deduced sequence contains a probable cleaved signal sequence and a C-terminal transmembrane helix, indicating that U122 is likely to be a type I membrane protein. The C-terminal tail also contains a typical endoplasmic reticulum (ER) retrieval motif, KRKTE. U122 was expressed in SARS-CoVinfected Vero E6 cells, as it could be detected by Western blot and immunofluorescence analyses. U122 is localized to the perinuclear region of both SARS-CoV-infected and transfected cells and colocalized with ER and intermediate compartment markers. Mutational analyses showed that both the signal peptide sequence and ER retrieval motif were functional. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10566/741 Files in this item: 1
FieldingRespiratorySyndrome2004.pdf (2.581Mb) -
Appunni, Sathiya Susuman (Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 2012)[more][less]
Abstract: Ethiopia's childhood mortality has continued to decline although at a swift pace. The drop in urban childhood mortality decline, duration of breastfeeding is the principle reason for the overall decline in mortality trends in Ethiopia. Data from the Ethiopian Demographic and Health Surveys 2000 and 2005 were used. Indirect estimation of Brass and Trussell's methods were adopted. Selected demographic and socio-economic variables were included in the analysis with statistically significant effects. Findings clearly show neonatal and post neonatal mortality decline gradually. Even though, Ethiopia's childhood mortality rates are still high. The result shows less than 2 years birth interval have higher infant mortality rates than higher birth interval (113 deaths per 1000). The proper spacing of births allows more time for childcare to make more maternal resources available for the care of the child and mother. Therefore, further research is urgent for regional level and national level investigation. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10566/856 Files in this item: 1
SusumanChildMortality2012.pdf (109.0Kb) -
Chamberlain, Yvonne; Norris, R.E.; Keats, Derek; Maneveldt, Gavin (Walter de Gruyter, 1995)[more][less]
Abstract: A nongeniculate, crustose coralline alga (Rhodophyta, Corallinaceae) from South Africa, is found growing epiphytically on fronds of species of the geniculate genus Ampiroa. Analysis of the vegetative and reproductive morphology and anatomy of the alga shows that it belongs to the subfamily Melobesioideae and genus Clathromorphum. It is the only known representative of the genus in South Africa. It has tetrasporangial conceptacles that are significantly smaller than those of any other described species of the genus and it is described as the new species Clathromorphum tubiforme. The diagnostic features of Clathromorphum and other genera of the Melobesioideae are discussed and it is considered that, among melobesioid genera, Clathromorphum is probably most closely related to Melobesia. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10566/907 Files in this item: 0


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SOURCE American Indian College Fund
DENVER, Sept. 11, 2013 /PRNewswire-USNewswire/ -- The 18th annual American Indian College Fund (the College Fund) Flame of Hope Gala will be held Thursday, October 10 at The Depot Renaissance Hotel, 225 South 3rd Avenue in Minneapolis, Minnesota. Proceeds will benefit Native student scholarships. A reception will begin at 5:30 p.m., followed by a dinner program with Native entertainment, including classical guitarist Gabriel Ayala and the dance and music group Brulé.
(Photo: http://photos.prnewswire.com/prnh/20130911/DC78043)
Native artist Steven Paul Judd (Kiowa/Choctaw) will create a painting live at the event for auction. In addition, a silent auction including art by the nation's top Native artists will be featured, including Timothy H. Terry (Akimel O'Odham), Cara Romero (Chemehuevi Indian Tribe), Judy Gould, Bobby Bales (Taos Pueblo), Andrew and Gladys Pacheco (Santo Domingo Pueblo), Daniel B. Ramirez (Saginaw Chippewa Indian Tribe), Waya' aisiwa Gary Keene (Acoma Pueblo), David Gary Suazo (Taos Pueblo), Than Povi Fine Art Gallery, Geraldine Tso (Navajo), Todd Lone Dog Bordeaux (Sicangu Lakota Tribe), and C.J. Shije (Zia/Acoma Pueblo).
The American Indian College Fund will honor the Northwest Area Foundation of Minneapolis for funding programs that fight poverty in Indian Country. This year the foundation awarded the American Indian College Fund a $1 million, one-year Tribal College Leaders in Community Innovation Award to help the College Fund shine a light on the innovative approaches five tribal colleges located in Minnesota, North Dakota, South Dakota, Montana, and Washington are using to build thriving Native communities.
The main sponsor of the event is USA Funds. Additional sponsors include AT&T, Anheuser-Busch Companies, Coca-Cola Corporation, CBS Corporation, Comcast NBC Universal, Ford Motor Company Fund & Community Services, Grotto Foundation, Jenzabar Inc., Lannan Foundation, Mattel, McDonalds Corporation, Nissan North America, Inc., Peskoff Foundation, San Manuel Band of Mission Indians, Target Corporation,The Tierney Family Foundation, United Health Foundation, UPS Foundation, Walmart Foundation, and The Sheryl & Harvey White Foundation.
Sponsorships and tickets are available. For information, please contact Patrita Salazar at 303-426-8900 or email@example.com. For more information about the event, please visit www.collegefund.org/gala.
About the American Indian College Fund
With its credo "Educating the Mind and Spirit," The American Indian College Fund is the premier scholarship organization for Native students. Created in 1989 to provide scholarships and support for the nation's 34 tribal colleges, the Fund receives top ratings from independent charity evaluators, including the Better Business Bureau's Wise Giving Alliance, and received its third consecutive four-star rating from Charity Navigator. Last year it provided more than 3,800 Native students with scholarships annually.
©2012 PR Newswire. All Rights Reserved.


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Equipment Spring 2012 Lookbook
The French label does classic shirting with new twists.
Equipment's Spring 2012 collection remains true to the label's eternal focus on no-fuss elegance, but stays fresh through new cuts and fabrications. Christian Restoin - Carine Roitfeld's partner of thirty years - started the French label in the mid-seventies, introducing classic men's shirting into the contemporary woman's wardrobe. The label relaunched in 2010, with Current/Elliot designer Serge Azria taking on the role of CEO and Creative Director. Azria has breathed new life into the brand, mixing Equipment's understated French femininity with the easygoing style of a barefoot, Californian girl. This season we see leopard prints, shirt dresses, and classic double-pocketed button-up shirts redone in colours like tangerine, melon and pastel pink.
Equipment is distributed in Australia by Edwards Imports (07 5591 7233) and is also stocked on fifiluxe.com (with free shipping Australia wide).
Ingrid Kesa


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Dry conditions are negatively impacting farmers, and if the drought continues much longer, it will have a chain reaction that reaches all of us.
Because crop yields will be down, you can almost guarantee prices will be up.
42 Wisconsin counties are in a state of emergency because of the drought, and farmers in particular are feeling the heat.
"With the drought what these farmers could experience is a decrease in the yield because if you don't have water you're not going to have a yield and they won't be able to make their quota," said Heather Schlesser, Marathon County agriculture agent.
With limited yields, prices will go up for crops and livestock feed. That means food prices for consumers will also increase.
The owner of Townline Market says he's already paying more for beef.
"But the nice thing is for us anyway is that people don't seem to care," David Jagler said. "They're still buying because they still love their steak, their meat and they're gonna buy it regardless of price."
Though he doesn't expect his customers to complain, he does expect them to pay more for those prized cuts of beef in a few months.
"When fall comes and the effect of the drought hits, people are gonna see I would say a 10, 20 percent raise again," he said.
However everything could change if mother nature agrees to lend a hand.
"If the drought continues you're gonna see a severe loss in crop more so than what we're seeing," Schlesser said. "But if we get some rain in the next couple weeks things could rebound and you won't see the loss."
But the drought could have another impact on your wallet. Because ethanol is made from corn, we may see higher prices at the pump this fall too.


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Survey of Energy Resources 2007
Balance of Peat Usage and Life-Cycle Analysis
The total area of peatlands in Europe is estimated to be 514 882 km2. Agriculture has been the main user of peatlands, with an estimated 125 000 km2 of peatlands used from ancient times. Forestry is the second largest user (Joosten and Clarke, 2002). The total production area for fuel peat in the EU amounts to 1 750 km2 (0.34% of the total peatland area). The total annual use of energy peat has amounted to 12 million delivered tonnes of peat (4 million tonnes of carbon) during recent years (Paappanen, Leinonen and Hillebrand, 2006).
The world's annual peat harvest is equivalent, according to Joosten and Clarke (2002), to about 15 million tonnes of carbon. The present sequestration rate of carbon in all mires of the globe is estimated to be 40-70 million tonnes annually (Joosten and Clarke, 2002), thus exceeding the annual use of peat 3 to 6 times. Peat extraction and peat accumulation are in balance.
A target for further research is how much peat is lost through decomposition on peatlands converted to agriculture and forestry. This is a unique question and every country differs from all others. Finland can be taken as an example: the Geological Survey of Finland studied Finnish peat reserves and found that the country's peat resources in the year 2000 equalled those of 1950, despite widespread use for agriculture and forestry in the intervening period (Turunen, 2004). Furthermore, Finland is a leading country in the industrial use of peat and its peatlands have also been used for the construction of water reservoirs and as a basis for road infrastructure. In spite of such use, Finland's peat carbon stocks are in balance.
Many peatlands in Europe, which were drained and used for agriculture and forestry in the past, are now sources of greenhouse gases, owing to degradation and oxidation of the unsaturated peat layer. If these areas are not significant sources of food or other income for local people, they could be used for peat production and afterwards transformed relatively easily into carbon sinks. This could be done by restoring them to peat-forming mires, by reclaiming them as forests or by planting energy crops. These types of carbon sink will be needed in coming decades. The possibility of reusing energy peat production sites as new carbon sinks constitutes another difference between peatlands and fossil-fuel producing coal mines and oil wells. This difference is clearly shown in life-cycle analyses.
The concept of life-cycle analysis has been used to compare the climate impact of the use of peat as fuel, starting from various peatland types and ending the cycle with different after-use alternatives. A recent report by the VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland (Kirkinen, Hillebrand and Savolainen, 2007) concludes that the climate impact of peat per energy unit is, over a 300 years' perspective, about 10% of the impact of coal, if the peat is produced from former agricultural areas, and rather more than half the impact of coal, if peat is produced from fertile areas drained for forestry. Similar and even lower climate impact is reported by Holmgren and Zetterberg (2005).


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Games Being Played Now
Bloodfield: The Meat City to your website
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Other Films from Spotlight Pictures
The Whole Truth, Hard Breakers, The Job, The Deported, BreadCrumbs, The Lazarus Papers, Bed & Breakfast, Cat Run
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Opened 21 months ago
Last modified 2 months ago
#20299 new defect (bug)
Preview changes on a published post makes all post meta "live"
Reported by: | jakemgold | Owned by: | |
Priority: | normal | Milestone: | Future Release |
Component: | Revisions | Version: | 3.3.1 |
Severity: | major | Keywords: | editorial-flow has-patch needs-testing |
Cc: | alexkingorg@…, joachim.kudish@…, ryan@…, jared@…, bookwyrm, gabriel.koen@…, coocoomoo, xoodrew@…, jkrill, aaroncampbell, bronson@…, jbrown510@…, adamsilverstein@…, danielbachhuber, beau@…, dromsey@…, kwight@…, Ken@…, ben@…, yrosen, doughamlin@…, weston@… |
Here's the use case. Client wants to preview an update to a published post (as the Preview Changes button correctly implies they can). This post has some important post meta that impacts that preview.
Here's the problem - because post meta is not saved to a revision (it looks for the "real" post), when the preview button is pressed, save_post runs, and saves the meta data to the real, published post, even though the user only intends to preview the change.
Without realizing it, the user has updated the published version. That can be prevented by not saving post meta to revisions (when using custom save_post hooks), but then there's no non-hacky way to actually preview the full changes.
I believe this bug has been present for a while, we just rarely use the Preview function on published posts, and when we do, probably never tested it with critical post meta.
Attachments (2)
Change History (44)
comment:1 johnbillion — 21 months ago
Could you show the code you're using to save your post meta?
comment:2 alexkingorg — 21 months ago
- Cc alexkingorg@… added
comment:6 bookwyrm — 20 months ago
- Cc bookwyrm added
This is being done by the update_post_meta function:
// make sure meta is added to the post, not a revision
if ( $the_post = wp_is_post_revision($post_id) )
$post_id = $the_post;
Why wouldn't you want the postmeta data saved to the revision?
comment:7 mintindeed — 20 months ago
- Cc gabriel.koen@… added
comment:10 ryanduff — 16 months ago
So instead of updating the actual post_meta values with each revision, how about it saves an array of the post meta in one row of the post_meta table with the meta key being something like _revision and the id being that of the revision and not of the actual post?
The preview could work with that since you're essentially viewing that revision and we could grab the meta array for that and expand it out. The actual post would continue to use the unmodified entries in the post_meta table. On save the values would finally be pushed to the respective entries in post_meta.
The other option is a full blown post meta revisions system that Alex King proposed over in #20564
Either way, one route or the other needs to be picked before something can be implemented.
comment:11 DrewAPicture — 16 months ago
- Cc xoodrew@… added
comment:12 jakemgold — 15 months ago
- Version 3.3.1 deleted
I think some branches (pun intended) need to be shaken on this one. I think this is in many ways a serious bug, at least if we want to have a serious Preview feature.
Solution proposed by @ryanduff seems a bit janky to me, and risky (size wise) if a significant amount of post meta is stored.
I think @bookwyrm solution is where my mind is going - it's not immediately clear to me at all why that block of code that prevents post meta from saving to revisions is in there (preventing database clutter... ?).
Like the deeper solution @alexkingorg is proposing in his related ticket, but not sure it even has to be that involved.
comment:13 jakemgold — 15 months ago
- Version set to trunk
comment:14 SergeyBiryukov — 15 months ago
- Version changed from trunk to 3.3.1
Version number indicates when the bug was initially introduced/reported.
comment:15 mintindeed — 15 months ago
You'd probably want to exclude some post meta that are specific to the main post, like edit locks. I imagine the patch would look something like this:
$exclude_meta_keys = apply_filters( 'revision_meta_do_not_copy', array( '_encloseme', '_pingme', '_edit_last', '_edit_lock' ) ); $current_meta = get_post_custom( $GLOBALS['post'] ); if ( is_array( $current_meta ) ) { foreach ( $current_meta as $meta_key => $meta_value ) { if ( in_array( $meta_key, $exclude_meta_keys ) ) { continue; } update_post_meta( $revision_id, $meta_key, $meta_value ); } }
comment:16 follow-up: ↓ 17 wonderboymusic — 15 months ago
You want to ignore everything starting with _
Those are supposed to be "private"
comment:17 in reply to: ↑ 16 jakemgold — 15 months ago
Replying to wonderboymusic:
You want to ignore everything starting with _
Those are supposed to be "private"
This isn't quite right.
First, it seems to me that some keys (like thumbnail id) should be revision specific (although this might open up another can of worms - I find it disturbing that selecting a new thumbnail immediately updates a published post without clicking "update").
Second, many developers use the prefix to prevent meta data from showing up int he free form "custom fields" meta box.
I think @mintindeed is more on the right track, explicitly ignoring certain keys, in a filterable way.
Are there any other keys we're missing that need to be attached to the "real" post?
comment:18 jkrill — 13 months ago
- Cc jkrill added
comment:19 aaroncampbell — 12 months ago
- Cc aaroncampbell added
comment:20 sennza — 12 months ago
- Cc bronson@… added
comment:21 jb510 — 11 months ago
- Cc jbrown510@… added
comment:22 nacin — 11 months ago
- Component changed from General to Revisions
- Milestone changed from Awaiting Review to 3.6
comment:23 adamsilverstein — 11 months ago
- Cc adamsilverstein@… added
comment:24 danielbachhuber — 11 months ago
- Cc danielbachhuber added
- Keywords editorial-flow added
comment:25 beaulebens — 11 months ago
- Cc beau@… added
comment:26 goto10 — 11 months ago
- Cc dromsey@… added
comment:27 kwight — 10 months ago
- Cc kwight@… added
comment:28 WraithKenny — 9 months ago
- Cc Ken@… added
comment:29 WraithKenny — 9 months ago
#20564 blocks this ticket, but if/when that goes in, the show preview functionality would have to somehow pull the meta from the $preview instead of the $post :
In revision.php -> function _set_preview($post)... maybe set $post->preview_id = $preview->ID (or use a global) then set up a filter on 'get_post_metadata' to pull out the right data.
comment:30 WraithKenny — 9 months ago
- Keywords has-patch added
rough pass, not tested. Will test when I get home
comment:31 WraithKenny — 9 months ago
- Keywords needs-testing added
WraithKenny — 9 months ago
comment:32 WraithKenny — 9 months ago
WraithKenny — 9 months ago
comment:33 WraithKenny — 9 months ago
v2 uses get_versioned_meta_keys from the patch on #20564
comment:34 follow-up: ↓ 35 WraithKenny — 9 months ago
23842 included the gist of my 20299-2.patch (with an improved 'get_post_metadata filter, nice work kovshenin).
I think making _wp_post_revision_meta_keys() filterable, as well as adding some other core meta to the list (like thumbnail maybe) would solve this finally :).
comment:35 in reply to: ↑ 34 SergeyBiryukov — 8 months ago
Replying to WraithKenny:
I think making _wp_post_revision_meta_keys() filterable, as well as adding some other core meta to the list (like thumbnail maybe) would solve this finally :).
Related: #23973
comment:36 azaozz — 8 months ago
I think making _wp_post_revision_meta_keys() filterable...
_wp_post_revision_meta_keys() is specific for post formats, won't work for arbitrary meta. Even thinking it should be renamed to _post_format_meta_keys().
comment:37 ocean90 — 7 months ago
- Milestone changed from 3.6 to Future Release
Let's revisit this in 3.7.
comment:38 husobj — 7 months ago
- Cc ben@… added
comment:39 sanchothefat — 7 months ago
I have some code that gets around this problem for previews that doesn't feel too horrendous. It's a problem that's been really bothering some of our clients who want to preview changes to custom post types (eg. events) with lots of metadata.
Here's the gist: https://gist.github.com/sanchothefat/498ed66a48a4a56d349d
You don't get post meta for each revision rather the preview meta data is stored against the original post with a prefixed meta_key as others have suggested. It gets overridden on each update/preview and you won't end up with orphaned post meta. Works fairly well so far but those sound like famous last words...
comment:40 in reply to: ↑ description yrosen — 4 months ago
- Cc yrosen added
comment:41 doughamlin — 4 months ago
- Cc doughamlin@… added
comment:42 westonruter — 2 months ago
- Cc weston@… added


text:
A PRIMEDIA Business Magazines & Media Publication
Coming in September 2003
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John Broderick
He's one of the leading concert LDs in this country. This summer, he's designed tours for Tim McGraw and Metallica. Now he tells Lighting Dimensions how he approaches these very, very different acts. Sharon Stancavage reports. Includes equipment from High End Systems, Flying Pig Systems, Coemar, Syncrolite, Morpheus Lights, Martin, Pulsar, Lycian, Premier Global, and lots more.
Justin and Christina
It's teen pop mania! Justin Timberlake and Christina Aguilera have teamed up for the pop tour of the summer. Peter Morse and Steve Cohen are the LDs in charge. Includes gear from Martin, High End Systems, Flying Pig Systems, Syncrolite, Coemar, Arri, ETC, Branam. Sharon Stancavage reports.
Design Partnerships
Times are tough. Many LDs are teaming up, pooling their resources, forming firms that take on every kind of project. How do design partnerships work? Cathy McHugh reports on how three top firms--Visual Terrain, Lightswitch, Nyx Design--got together and how they get those jobs.
The Martin Maxxyz Console
It's the latest entry in the lighting console sweepstakes. Can it hold its own against the Wholehog, the grandMA and the rest? Kathleen and Michael Eddy talk to LDs who've used it and what they've found.
The Mattel Fashion Show
At this year's Consumer Products Licensing Show, Mattel exhibited in a 50x130' booth, with space for a full-blown fashion show! Find out just how hip Barbie and her pals have become. LD Clayton Alexander tells Amy Slingerland how he lit the booth and the show, using gear from Martin, Vari-Lite, High End Systems, ETC, and TMB.
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It's the most important theatre design exhibition in the world. And, for this first time, it included lighting. Cindy Limauro reports on the impact of lighting on this famous competition.
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text:
The process
� The cold-process soap production starts with a half-tank full of lye and a base of six different organic oils that include coconut, palm and olive oil. Combined, the properties in the oils fuse to create the right saponification value, or ideal characteristics. The mixture is stirred until it becomes a pudding-like consistency.
� Next, essential oils are added. They are the most expensive ingredient, with each batch of 560 bars requiring about $100 worth. Depending on the kind of soap, other ingredients — such as patchouli or oats — are added to give the bars a more vibrant color or rougher texture.
� When the mixture is set up but still liquid, it's poured it into a handmade wooden mold covered with freezer paper. After a 48-hour waiting period, the soap is ready to be cut, using guitar strings assembled on a wooden cutter that slices it into bars.
� Each cut bar is wrapped with a paper label that features a man carrying a sack of potatoes and a potato hoe and is based on a photo taken in Peru. The paper is 100 percent recycled. The company is working on obtaining a handful of certifications, including organic- and cruelty-free.
� The soap, with names such as "dirty hippy," "loverly," "pocket full of cozy" and "washbuckler," is sold online or at stores. Through the company's online store, bars are sold for $6 each. Retailers' prices generally are within a dollar or two of that.
— Emily Nohr
HASTINGS, Neb. — Andrew Vrbas found himself staring out his bus window, eyes fixed on the sights before him.
That particular day two years ago, he couldn't shake the extreme poverty and the reliance on the land he witnessed during a trip through the Peruvian Andes, a path that had become routine for the then-Hastings College construction management major studying abroad, building construction projects and teaching English classes.
Vrbas, a Kansas native, returned to Nebraska with a fire in his belly to do something about the lack of access to hygiene he saw, while keeping in mind how resourceful the people of Peru appeared.
From inside a spare room in his college apartment, Pacha Soap was born.
The handmade soap company still based in Hastings is aiming to "raise the bar" for business by using a buy-one, give-one model. That business model has been around for several years, at Santa Monica, Calif.-based Toms Shoes, perhaps one of the most widely known companies to use it. For each pair of Toms purchased, a pair of new shoes goes to a child in need.
Similarly, for each bar of Pacha soap purchased, one bar is given away. So when a retailer orders bars to stock its shelves, Pacha sends double the amount. Then the retailer and Pacha coordinate what local group or organization receives the free soap — such as Crossroads Mission in Hastings (for homeless people) or Girls Inc. in Omaha (for the girls).
In addition to local giving, sales generated go toward hand-delivering or shipping free soap abroad. So far, the company has hand-delivered or shipped soap to Peru, Guatemala and Sri Lanka. Last month, the company hand-delivered 200 bars to the Dominican Republic.
Vrbas, known as the "Head Jabo�ero" of Pacha Soap, said his experience in Peru pushes the company to spread the word about hand washing, an act that can prevent fatal disease in developing countries.
"It can save so many lives," he said.
With the help of local investors, Vrbas was able to expand Pacha (which means "earth" in an indigenous South American language) last year into the basement of an 1880s-era former bank in downtown Hastings, where he and three interns produce massive bars of soap with natural ingredients and slice them with guitar strings into individual bars.
Pacha's earnings from sales go back into the company, and Vrbas works part time as a mason to pay for his personal expenses. He also pays for the building that doubles as his home and workplace by helping to restore the brickwork.
Since September, the company has sold about 3,000 bars and given away 3,000. Today, its products are available in eight states — Nebraska, Kansas, Colorado, Wyoming, Iowa, Missouri, Illinois and Oklahoma — and about 25 stores, including Whole Foods in Omaha, food co-ops and independent markets.
The company is currently raising funds for an official "soap drop" to Peru through Kickstarter, a website that allows people to contribute to projects. That will be the first time the company hand-delivers free soap abroad together.
When Vrbas isn't making soap, he's giving in-store presentations and meeting with buyers to share his story. Last month, he took a cross-country driving trip to visit retailers, and he recruited retailers in three additional states.
"It's hard for me sometimes to talk about our product, even though it's the best out there," he said. "It's like, 'But did you also know we're trying to help?' "
While there's a growing interest in entrepreneurship, there's been a particular uptick the past few years in entrepreneurship with an additional meaning, said Dale Eesley, director of the Center for Innovation, Entrepreneurship and Franchising at the University of Nebraska at Omaha's College of Business Administration.
Companies doing well with such social business or social entrepreneurship models have found a way to brand and market charity in a way that inspires traditional nongivers to give, he said. The payoff is that purchasers get a product they want and need while feeling good about providing a greater benefit.
Pacha posts pictures on social media when it makes deliveries, and Eesley said giving consumers the option to track exactly where their contribution goes is valuable.
"There's a whole bunch of people who don't give because they think, 'What I give doesn't matter' and 'I worry if I give too much, it'll be misused,' " Eesley said. "By using modern communication tools like email and Twitter, you see this little contribution made a difference in someone's life."
Creighton University's social entrepreneurship program was started about four years ago because of the growing popularity of businesses wrapping a social need into their business plan, said Laura Mizaur, a professor in Creighton's College of Business.
The program, which offers students classes in creativity, social problem identification and leadership, led 2010 Creighton grad Tyler Gassaway to launch Givve, a company that donates 50 percent of the profits from T-shirt sales to an organization of the customer's choosing. The company recently struck a deal to benefit the Nebraska Humane Society.
Mizaur said more social entrepreneurship-focused companies will pop up as consumers demand them.
"That's what people want now, and they're not going to expect anything less," she said. "When I say social mission, it's not (a company saying) 'Well, we better do something nice for somebody.' It's part of the social responsibility to put it on the face of the company."
The people of Hastings have taken to Pacha Soap and its mission. It's normal for visitors to stop by when Vrbas is making soap just to take a peek at how it all works, said Hastings Mayor Vern Powers, who found out about the soap and tried some when Vrbas was still in school at Hastings.
Drawn by the message and the product, Powers called Vrbas and learned he was planning to move out of Nebraska after graduation. He told Vrbas that people in Hastings wanted more of the product, and Powers offered to personally invest in Pacha because he saw a good idea, one that could provide jobs in Hastings while spreading a social message globally.
Powers considers himself an angel investor and partner hybrid. In addition to financial assistance, he offered business advice in the early stages and wants to be there to offer help as the company works on its long-term goals.
"I think they can do it," Powers said of the company. Vrbas "really has his finger on what younger people ... are looking for in companies. You can't just take. You have to give."
The buy-one, give-one model is an easy, short-term way to help now, but Vrbas says he knows it's not a sustainable approach to lifting people from poverty, which is his company's ultimate cause.
"You can help temporarily, especially for children," he said. "It's not a bad thing, but you're not solving anything. You're just easing the pain temporarily."
That's why the company has two long-term goals to better address the root of poverty. The goals are to use profits from Pacha to help fund global clean water projects and establish small soap-making factories in other countries. Eventually, Vrbas said, his company would turn ownership over to the people who live there.
Pacha is currently exploring options to set up factories in four countries, including Rwanda and Sri Lanka. An ancient process, soap is the ideal industry for developing countries because the setup doesn't require a lot of materials and the product is one everyone uses and needs, Vrbas said.
Keeping the company's vision in mind to help others, he said, is far more important than earning a profit for himself. In fact, that's the whole point of social business and social entrepreneurship.
"It's not even about the soap sometimes," he said. "It's about showing that someone cares enough to give you something. It's totally about community — about connecting community."
Contact the writer: 402-444-1192, firstname.lastname@example.com