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Static Mixer
September 6, 2013 9:12 am | Product Releases | CommentsWEFTEC COVERAGE: The Kenics UltraTab Static Mixer has a compact installation space requirement and can perform complete blending operations in short distances downstream of the mixer.
LISTED UNDER: MIXERS, staticWastewater Mixers
September 3, 2013 9:12 am | Product Releases | CommentsWEFTEC COVERAGE: The Chemineer Model 20 HT/GT Mixers incorporate a modular design package that reduces the number of replacement parts that need to be carried in inventory by the operator.
LISTED UNDER: MIXERS, continuousMixer/Grinder
August 2, 2013 7:54 am | Product Releases | CommentsMOTORS, DRIVES & BEARINGS: Hollymatic's all stainless steel 900E mixer/grinder features a 200 lb. hopper capacity and grinds up to 65 lbs. per minute on second grind. Its innovative ergonomic design improves efficiency and safety while offering user-friendly operations like easy loading and unloading, as well as easy cleaning after each use.
LISTED UNDER: MIXERS, sanitaryWhite Washdown Duty Motor
August 1, 2013 9:00 am | Product Releases | CommentsMOTORS, DRIVES & BEARINGS: Baldor Electric Company's White Washdown Duty motor is designed for humid and moist environments in industries requiring sanitary motor washdowns on a regular basis.
LISTED UNDER: MOTOR/DRIVESBrushless Motor
July 31, 2013 7:50 am | Product Releases | CommentsMOTORS, DRIVES & BEARINGS: Portescap introduces the 22ECS brushless motor designed to deliver exceptional efficiency in high speed applications. The 22ECS runs up to 30 percent cooler than similar motors, at speeds greater than 50K RPM.
LISTED UNDER: MOTOR/DRIVESInline Helical Gear Drives and Gear Motors
July 30, 2013 9:00 am | Product Releases | CommentsMOTORS, DRIVES & BEARINGS: Boston Gear and Bauer Gear Motor inline helical gear drives and gear motors are low-maintenance, dimensional drop-in replacements for major competetive products.
LISTED UNDER: MOTOR/DRIVESGeneral Purpose Medium Voltage Drive
July 30, 2013 9:00 am | Product Releases | CommentsMOTORS, DRIVES & BEARINGS: ABB Inc. expands the power range of their 4kV general purpose medium voltage drive, acheiving ultra-low harmonic performance in a compact package for quick installation at higher power ranges.
LISTED UNDER: MOTOR/DRIVESMatched Motor/Drive Combination Package
July 29, 2013 7:55 am | Product Releases | CommentsMOTORS,DRIVES & BEARINGS: Siemens Industry, Inc. announces the release of combination motor/drive packages, allowing an OEM or end-user the option to select the optimum solution for a variety of heavy-duty industrial motion control applications from a single source, backed by a full three-year warranty.
LISTED UNDER: MOTOR/DRIVESHydrogen Fueled CHP Cogeneration Systems
July 15, 2013 7:52 am | Product Releases | CommentsGREEN PRODUCTS: 2G CENERGY began production of dedicated hydrogen fueled CHP (combined heat and power) cogeneration systems with 6- and 12-cylinder engines. These CHP systems are specially prepared to burn hydrogen as a fuel, but are based on the same modular engine series that powers many 2G CHP products fueled by natural gas, biogas, or other specialty gases.
LISTED UNDER: MOTOR/DRIVESAir Sleeve System
June 10, 2013 4:27 pm | Product Releases | CommentsEASTPACK: Luminite Products Corp, a laser-engraved flexographic sleeve and cylinder supplier, presents the air sleeve system, Load-N-Lok. The Load-N-Lok system allows the press operator improved efficiency and reduces start-up waste.
LISTED UNDER: Processing EquipmentMixing/Blending/Dispersion Blades
May 23, 2013 4:21 pm | Product Releases | CommentsConn and Company brings to the market three patented stainless blades, CONN Blade. It is made of UHMW Polyethylene, and it is an efficient and aggressive poly dispersion blade.
LISTED UNDER: BladesAgitator Seal
May 21, 2013 4:20 pm | Product Releases | CommentsThe ChemSeal™, from Chemineer, Inc., is designed specifically for agitator service. ChemSeal is a true agitator seal featuring high runout, reverse rotation and reverse pressure capability.
LISTED UNDER: AGITATORS, turbineAttrition Mill
May 8, 2013 4:30 pm | Product Releases | CommentsA new Model SK-24-MS Attrition Mill from Munson Machinery reduces friable chemicals and minerals, as well as metal powders, wood flour, fertilizers, insecticides and fibers, producing particles within relatively narrow size ranges from 10- down to 100-mesh.
LISTED UNDER: MILLS, homogenizingDewatering-Clarifying Screener
May 8, 2013 4:10 pm | Product Releases | CommentsSEPARATION/FILTRATION: Kason Corporation's Vibroscreen® Dewatering-Clarifying Screener with anti-blinding spray-wash system is designed for separating solid materials from liquids at high rates on a batch or continuous basis. The unit contains a 48" (1219 mm) diameter screen in a cylindrical housing supported on a circular base by springs.
LISTED UNDER: Processing EquipmentGravity Separator
May 7, 2013 4:25 pm | Product Releases | CommentsSEPARATION/FILTRATION: Triple/S Dynamics, Inc.'s Model T-20, with 20 square feet of separation surface, is the largest of the PACE separators. Designed for dry particle separation, this model is free of "drift" once the controls have been set.
LISTED UNDER: Processing Equipment


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Golden Retrievers are seriously loved and one of the most popular pup breeds around. But, what do you really know about this dog? Take our test to find out!
Take the QuizPet of the Week: Glowing Golden Retriever Pup
The days are getting shorter, but that's not stopping this adorable golden retriever pup from waking up with the sun. The little guy looks like he's glowing while out for a morning walk. Instagram user chancethegolden shared the sweet snap with us this week, which motivated us to get outdoors and enjoy the changing season. Here's what chancethegolden had to say about the pic:
"9 weeks old — sunrise hike."
Oh, Chance, we're smitten and totally want to snuggle with you after a long morning stroll.
Keep taking pictures of your adorable pets, uploading them to Instagram, remembering to tag them with #POPSUGARPets, and next Thursday we'll share another favorite from the week. And keep an eye out for upcoming Instagram challenges! Don't forget to follow POPSUGAR Pets on Instagram for pet inspiration and cute pictures of our favorite furry friends.
A Golden Jam Session
This retriever enjoys a good guitar riff, cracking a canine smile, and bobbing his head with the beat. But when the music stops, so does his golden groove!
Can You Understand Atoms as Taught by 16 Golden Retrievers?
These pups look pretty darn cute teaching us all about science! Even if you understand atoms, take a look at this video and let me know if you learn anything new . . . but try not to focus entirely on the adoro furry faces.
Found! Dolce and Gabbana's Dogs Enjoy Cool Water
Must be a nice life, spending the weekend on a boat in Portofino, Italy! These super swimmers set sail with some fashionable dads, (Domenico) Dolce and (Stefano) Gabbana. With special harnesses for easy lifting back onto the boat, the two retrievers look like pro swimmers and retrievers, naturally. The dogs took turns fetching this familiar item — a Kong!
With a couple versions meant for wet-and-wild times, both the red Kong Aqua and this swirly blue Cool Water will come out on top, floating if it takes a dip. With an extra-long rope in lieu of the tuggable loop, it's possible to reach great lengths when you toss it. Check out the pictures to see for yourself!
In the Spotlight: Buddy Loves America (and Lucy, Too)
Look who made a special visit to the Ugly Betty set – America Ferrera's two furry friends. The Golden Retriever named Buddy seems to be needing some extra love, while Lucy (the Great Dane) needs some extra warmth with that sleek coat. It's so nice to take time out of a busy filming day for some QT with her pets especially when that includes snuggles and kisses!
I wonder how often the doggies come to set, and whether either will make it onto the small screen sometime soon – I spot some true walk-on potential here with these scene stealers.
See more pictures of both pups when you read more
Found! Deck the Dog Like Nicollette's For Under Three Bucks
This not-too-golden retriever was recently spotted out with his human mom, Nicollette Sheridan. From the looks of it, lil Oliver was taking her shopping by pulling her around like that. – I wonder if he's paying?!
I'm loving his fancy neckwear since a bandana is an easy, celeb-endorsed addition to a collar. Not only did I find this affordable everyday bandana ($2.95), I think I even recognize it as similar to one that Thurman favors, too. Super cute!
Check out more pictures of Oliver and Nicollette when you read more
Tune In, Saturday! Animal Planet's Dogs 101
I'm super excited for the latest episode of Animal Planet's new series, Dogs 101. Airing every Saturday at 8 p.m., each week it focuses on new dog breeds. Last week, we learned about five breeds (including my absolute fave . . . wink wink) but which will we meet this week? Find out in this slideshow.
The Scoop: Golden Retriever Nurses Three Baby Tigers!
It's been quite a while since we've seen a generous mama or unlikely BFFs – just when we were on a roll, the heartwarming tales seemed to dry up! Not so anymore as the latest comes in from Caney, KS, where a Golden Retriever stepped up, and stepped in, for a mama tiger who wasn't feeling so motherly towards her new cubs. Isabella will only take care of the babies for about a week (to get them past this critical state) at the Safari Zoological Park – the three little girls are growing quickly and will weigh in around 300 pounds when they are fully grown . . . much bigger than their foster mama.
Pet Pic of the Day: Bexley Wins First-Ever Wet Fur Contest!
No, not really, but look at that pose – he's a superstar! This piccy made Happsmjc decide that her cutie pie Golden Retriever Bexley – sorry, full name Bexley Macintosh – should be a model. From checking out the rest of his glamour shots, I would have to agree!
Congrats to Bexley and Happsmjc for being chosen for our Pet Pic of the Day! Don't forget to submit your pet photos to our Pet Pics group for a chance to see your furry friends on the pages of PetSugar!

subset: commoncrawl


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A garden path can issue an enticing invitation to backyard visitors, or just provide a convenient route for plant maintenance. Whatever its use, a well-designed and well-built path will enhance the livability and functionality of any home garden, says Steve Rodie, landscape horticulture specialist at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln.
The following slides will help you decide what path materials fit your budget and your gardening needs.
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Video guides, travel podcasts, city maps & free city guides. What to eat, where to stay and things to do and see - our travel guides have it all.
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The Buena Vista men's tennis team is set to open its 2012 spring schedule on Saturday morning, February 4, with a home Iowa Conference match against Loras College beginning at 9:00am inside of the Lamberti Recreation Center.
The Beavers will take the courts at 1-1 overall after splitting a pair of non-conference matches back during its fall schedule. The team fell 9-0 to Central College in its fall opener before topping Grand View University by that same score to wrap up the slate.
BVU is looking to make it two straight wins over the Duhawks after posting a thrilling 5-4 triumph last year. That win marked the first victory over Loras since 1999.
Tomorrow's match is the first of seven straight home matches to begin the spring season.


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Materials Science Events | |
Workshop on in-situ synchrotron studies of the kinetics of nanostructured, self-assembled, thin film formation
Start Date: 10/08/2013 A variety of novel technologies, ranging from block copolymers for photoresists to organic solar cells rely on the large-area, controlled, rapid, … more
24th NIST Computer Modeling Workshop
Start Date: 08/12/2013 Both computational modeling and experimental measurements are crucial for improving the assured delivery, performance, and sustainability of … more
NIST Center for Automotive Lightweighting Workshop
Start Date: 05/23/2013 This workshop will be held in close conjunction with the NADDRG Spring Meeting here at NIST May 22nd. This workshop has several goals: A review of … more
Accuracy in Powder Diffraction IV
Start Date: 04/22/2013 We are pleased to announce the location and dates for our next "Accuracy in Powder Diffraction" meeting. This meeting, designated APD-IV, more
NIST Exhibits at 2013 APS Meeting
Start Date: 03/19/2013 The APS March Meeting is the largest physics meeting in the world, focusing on physics research from industry, universities, and major … more
NIST Exhibits at 2012 ARPA-E Energy Innovation Summit
Start Date: 02/26/2013 The fourth annual event is designed to bring together key players from across the energy ecosystem – researchers, … more
First NIST Workshop on Macromolecular Separations-by-Design
Start Date: 10/10/2012 The First NIST Workshop on Macromolecular Separations-by-Design will bring together scientists and engineers from industry and academia, along … more
Mid-Atlantic Microbeam Analysis Society 2012 Symposium
Start Date: 09/14/2012 A one-half day symposium on the advances to the field in the last 20 years that would have been of great interest to our colleague and friend … more
8th Annual Meeting of the Metabolomics Society
Start Date: 06/24/2012 The Metabolomics Society is pleased to announce the location and dates for our next annual meeting 'METABOLOMICS 2012'. We will host a … more
NIST Exhibits at 2012 ARPA-E Energy Innovation Summit
Start Date: 02/27/2012 The third annual event is designed to bring together key players from across the energy ecosystem – … more
International Semiconductor Device Research Symposium
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Start Date: 10/27/2011 The Society for the Advancement of Chicanos and Native Americans in Science (SACNAS) National … more
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NIST Exhibits at 2011 National Educator's Workshop (NEW)
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General Information:301-975-NIST (6478) email@example.com 100 Bureau Drive, Stop 1070 Gaithersburg, MD 20899-1070 |


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Just wondering... how many of you have gone back to Windows 7 and are glad you did...or not? I myself did go back to 7 and I am glad I did. I have 2 purchased copies of Win 8 on CD and they are now sitting in a desk drawer.
I never purchased 8 but used it in beta until retail release. 7 is more to my liking for ease of use, but i was and still am impressed by 8's resource management.
I am updating all 3 of my computers to Win 8. Running trials, they are significantly more responsive and smoother (multithreaded with older hardware is light years ahead), and there is nothing in it for games. Uses way less RAM too (less than 500MB with the complete UI and Superbar), so I can use more as a disk cache to make things even faster. Unless you have specific legacy support requirements, there shouldn't be a reason to go backwards <: I guess if you are old hat and still mainly use your mouse to navigate the desktop you wouldn't like Win 8, but if you've been using the super fast keyboard shortcuts for everything since Vista, it's a natural progression.
I have had 5 people in the last month asking me to install Windows 7 on their new laptops that came with windows 8. For some reason, general home consumers hate it around here. The thing that irritates most people is the lack of a 'X' close button at the top, I just ALT+F4, but personally, I shall not be upgrading. EDIT: The last 2 systems managers I just spoke to also said, they will not be upgrading their businesses to Win 8
I liked Windows 8 so far... not going back! Windows 8 is basically Windows 7, all you gotta do is remove the Metro UI apps from Start and think of the Start as fullscreen version of the old Start Menu. As for the Shutdown, I just hit the Power button on my Case.
It gets the same hatred Vista got, kinda. It feels like many hate it because they are supposed to. In ten years we will probably don't like 7 the way we don't like XP now.
Businesses are a different ballpark altogether. System apps must all be tested which takes a lot of time and money, hence why many businesses simply skip major OS generations. Business also gets longer support life cycles too. I am still rolling out Windows 7 updates from XP for companies around here, as their internal testing is only just finished. Many factories still rely on legacy hardware and run Win NT4/9x even.
Moving to 8 forced me to use the folder libraries shortcut in the task bar. So because of that im faster now with windows 7. Who needs a start menu. 8 has a great search feature
I've tried 8, I do not like it. I can't stand the lack of a start menu, I do not like the UI, and my desktop computer is not a freaking tablet. Oh, and I refuse to upgrade to a OS that I have to modify to look like the OS I'm currently using, for neglible benefits. I'll be using Windows7 as long as it is properly supported.
If this was true you would still be stuck with CLI's only. I assume you don't mean it like that though, but the idea that you can't upgrade because it doesn't look like what you're using now is weird.
I have been using shortcuts for almost two decades, there are other more important reasons I have not moved on. Our business will be upgrading to windows 7 this year, Q2.
I used windows 8 for about 4 days but I never got my driver issues fixed so I went back to windows 7. Once 8 gets more mature I may switch back.
I tried it and actually like the way it performs. Boots faster and seems peppier and it on an older c2d system. If any of you want to sell your win 8 LMK what you want for it.
I purchased Windows 8 and went back. It did really bother me that they were forcing me down a path with the UI and attempted to make it so I could not customize it they way I wanted, but I could get over that. For me Windows 8 was unstable, it ran fast, but buggy. I was getting random BSODs and crashes. It also did not support a lot of little thing I used regularly. Like I always like messing around with VirtuMVP, and that (at the time) was not supported under Windows 8. I did like the speed, and I like the cleaner look of the UI. I liked the look and feel of the Windows, but with then trying to force me down a path, the BSODs, the still unsupported features, and not to mention how they are trying to screw people with the Windows Store, I just couldn't validate sticking to Windows 8 over Windows 7. If the Steam box is successful, and Microsoft keeps trying to tell it's user base what it wants, I could see a lot of gamers like me make Linux their primary OS. Microsoft has to be very careful there, I don't think they realize what they are risking if they lose their enthusiasts. Their enthusiasts are the people all the normies go to when they need computer advice...
It can't be much easier than to go with the mouse top screen and drag the app down to close. I bet kids like it but then again somebody has to teach customers some tricks with Windows 8. One of my PCs is running Windows 8 and it will stay like that. The main rig runs Windows 7 and it will stay like that.
Try teaching some clients to CTRL+C and CTRL+V is hard enough, let alone dragging the window down from the top, half they time they miss the buttons anyway.
I tried the BETA on two machines for about a week-and-a-half. I just could not tweak it to my liking; i.e. eliminate the Metro UI and Windows Store 'features'. Windows 7 serves me well, and I have no reason to change.
I have no interest in paying a sum of money on a piece of software that I then have to mod to look half decent. Something I was thinking of today though, and more the point of this post, I wonder what they are doing with W9?
Who said anything about I can't upgrade? If I so desired, I could have 8 on all my computers. I simply do not like the way 8 looks, and I like having my start menu and use it quite frequently. It has been suggested to me to upgrade to 8 and use mods to get a start menu. Why would I go though all that hassle when I'm happy with the way 7 looks, works, and performs. BTW, apparently I'm not the only here that doesn't like 8.


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Comments1kthis wiki
" | Now, in reality, or in this reality at least, witches appear to cross every culture in history. They're the architects of the supernatural; responsible for everything that goes bump in the night from ghosts to vampires to doppelgängers. | " |
— Atticus Shane to his occult class in
The Five
Witch | |
Species Information | |
Status |
Related species | |
Season(s) |
Distinction |
A witch is a person with the power to affect change by magical means ("Witchcraft"). A witch can be either female or male, as they connect with the elements and forces of nature in order to practice sorcery.
The Balance of Nature
The Balance of Nature is a belief system based around the observance of Mother Nature and the reverence of Spirits. The goal of many witches is to honor the design of nature and to maintain balance within the world. The balance of nature is intimately tied to one's spiritual relationship with the Earth, and the ideal that all things (e.g. animals, humans, life, etc.) are considered sacred, as they are all different aspects of nature. Contemporary witches would also agree that using modern ceremonies, rituals and shamanic practices is the best way to attune themselves with the natural rhythms of the universe in their efforts to obtain guidance and knowledge from wiser known witches called "The Spirits". However, according to a witch named Gloria, who referred to herself as "old school voodoo", it is implied that not all witches follow this belief system, and have the free will to choose how they wish to practice their power.
Humans who practice magical powers are called "witches". The origin of witchcraft remains unknown, however witches have existed for many centuries, passing down their knowledge and skills through generations. Contrary to popular belief, witches do not receive their powers from demons, nor do they worship the devil. Instead, witches consider themselves as the Servants of Nature, as they make it their job to maintain balance within the world.
Types of Magic
Magic (Witchcraft) is the power to affect change by supernatural means. Magic can often be split into bright and dark, though depending on the situation may also be neutral. Magic is a genetic heredity that connects a person to the elements and forces of nature in order to practice witchcraft.
Traditional Magic is the most common form of witchcraft among modern-day witches. Traditional Magic draws energy from the forces of nature and may be used however the witch sees fit. Although Traditional Magic is very popular among the witchcraft community, it also very exhausting. Due to the fact the witch is exerting their own energy, the witch may experience symptoms of dizziness, fatigue, and minor nose bleeds. Bonnie Bennett explained the limits of this power to Jeremy Gilbert, saying that if she pushed too hard, it would push back.
Spirit Magic is another popular form of magic that draws on the energy of Higher Powers, specifically powerful dead witches who remain on the Other Side. Unlike other forms of magic, a witch can only use Spirit Magic however the spirits see fit. If a witch abuses the magic bestowed upon them, the spirits may break the connection, preventing the witch from harnessing their power. Bonnie Bennett once channeled the energy of one hundred dead witches in her attempt to kill Klaus. However, after she used the power to resurrect her dead boyfriend, the spirits declined Bonnie from further channeling them, as they viewed resurrection spells as a violation against nature.
Ancestral Magic is a form of sorcery commonly used among the witches of New Orleans. Similar to Spirit Magic, this form of sorcery draws energy from the dead ancestors of a witch in a certain location and can be used however the spirits see fit. However, according to Elijah Mikaelson, this power can only be harnessed from the location of where the witches died, meaning that should the witch abandon the area, they will be rendered powerless. This magic is dependent on "The Harvest ", a magical ritual occuring once every three centuries involving the sacrifice of four young witches chosen during a rite. They are left ignorant of their sacrifice right up until the final moments of their life. In the sequence by which they die each witch pass on their power to the remaining others. When the final sacrifice is made the magic returns their power to the earth and therefore the Ancestral Spirits as payment for them to continue supplying the magic to the witches of New Orleans. Though if a witch is left alive she will absorb all the immaculate power meant for the spirits and gain extranatural powers when compared to the average witch. Like Expression, if this magic isn't controlled it will consume the witch and cause them to harm those around them. Unless the ritual is completed all the witches of New Orleans will lose their power and cease to be witches.
Dark Magic (Black Magic) is a form of sorcery that draws on malevolent powers, and may be used for negative purposes (e.g. to cause destruction or misfortune, to injure or kill, or for the profit of oneself rather than for the benefit of others.) In popular usage, the term "dark magic" is often used to describe any form of magic that disobeys the laws of nature.
Expression is an extremely dark form of magic that draws on darkness that doesn't exist on the natural plane without harming it. The details and history of expression remain unknown, however according to Nandi, the forces of expression are considered so powerful that many witches discredit it as magic, for it expands beyond the limitations of both traditional and contemporary forms of witchcraft.
Magic Powers
- Channeling: The act of invoking or summoning extra forms of energy by focusing on celestial events.
- Divination: The act of divining future, past, and present events based off extrasensory perception.
- Clairvoyance: The practice of divination through the perception of emotions, objects, people, or physical phenomena.
- Mediumship: The practice of communicating with the spirits of the dead. **Premonitions: The practice of divination through the observation and study of dreams.
- Psychometry: The practice of divination through contact with or proximity to a certain object or person.
- Sensory: The practice of psychically detecting the use of magic and the location of the witch.
- Special Psychic Gifts: Some witches, such as Sophie, develop special psychic abilities. Sophie claims she has the special gift of detecting whether or not someone is pregnant.
- Elemental Control: The act of controlling and manipulating the elements of air, earth, fire, and water.
- Spell Casting: The act of changing and controlling events through the use of charms, hexes, rituals, etc.
- Telekinesis: The act of controlling and manipulating the movement of objects and persons through mental influence.
- Witches Brew: The act of brewing and concocting magical potions.
- Candles: Materials used to amplify a witch's spell.
- Grimoires: A family journal documented with ancient recipes, rituals, and spells.
- Herbs and Stones: Materials used as ingredients for brewing and concocting paranormal potions.
- Talismans: Materials used to amplify a witch's power.
- Disbelief: The act of denying or disbelieving in ones magical potential could cause a witch to inadvertently suppress their paranormal power.
- Fear: A distressing emotion aroused by impending danger, evil, pain, etc., whether the threat is real or imagined; the condition or feeling of being afraid could cause a witch to temporarily lose their powers.
- Mortality: Based off the fact that witches are still human, they share many of the same weaknesses as non-supernatural beings (e.g. age, decapitation, disease, heart-failure, suffocation, etc.)
- Overuse of Magic: The excessive use of magic could lead a witch to death from overexertion.
One of the major sources of power for witches originates from the Earth, which is considered the purest form of magic. Witches are naturally attuned to Nature allowing them to "literally" feel the Earth. In addition, witches can also channel energy from the elements.
Colloquially known as the Spirits of Nature, spirits are highly involved in the activities of witches. Spirits often commune and aid witches in their rituals and spells. Being the conscience of Nature, they establish the sacred laws and guidelines of witchcraft. While many witches are faithful servants of these spirits, some witches defy their laws and are often punished. Spirits can also be channeled as an additional power source in witchcraft.
Witches typically have a natural distaste for Vampires as they are commonly perceived amongst their community as abominations. Retrospectively, many vampires, such as Klaus, see witches as nothing more than tools to be used to fulfill a vampire's needs, but some vampires, like Kol, hold witches in high esteem and respect them.
Though witches and Werewolves have very little interaction, they are known to be the oldest of supernatural creatures as both predate the existence of vampires.
Similarly to werewolves, witches are bonded by a code of loyalty to help and protect each other, commonly being regarded as members of an "extended family". However, some witches disregard this bond and act solely for their own personal gain.
Spells and Rituals
- The Hybrid Curse: The Hybrid Curse is an extremely powerful spell that was bewitched onto Klaus, to prevent him from triggering his werewolf powers.
- Sacrifice Ritual Spell: Phasmatos Tribum, Salve Sorce Das. Phasmatos *Eliximo Nominum, Etrinox Sorce Sotero Callux Oxtara. A spell that is able to reverse the effects of The Curse of the Sun and Moon.
- Day-Walking Medallions: A spell that is able to grant a vampire the power to walk freely in the sunlight.
- Gilbert Rings: A spell that is able to prevent death to its wearer by any supernatural occurrence.
- Gilbert Device: A spell that is able to incapacitate vampires and werewolves, whenever it is activated.
- Tomb Spell: A spell that prevents a vampire from exiting outside of a tomb located beneath Fell's Church.
- Tomb Counter Spell: Phasmatos Salves Nas Ex Malon,Terra Mora Vantis Quo Incandis, Et Vasa Quo Ero Signos. A spell that is able to reverse the effects of the tomb spell.
- Pentagram Spell: Incendia! A spell that is able to create a field of fire over a pentagram. It was used to destroy the Bennett Talisman.
- Fire Spell: Ex Spiritum In Taculum, En Terrum Incendium, Phasmatos Salves A Distum! A spell that is able to decrease and/or increase the intensity of a fire.
- Healing Spell: A spell that is able to heal a person of injury.
- Linking Spell: A spell that is able to link two or more people together.
- Isolation Spell: A spell that is able to prevent a certain person from exiting outside of a room.
- Reduction of Pain Spell: Asinta Mulaf Hinto. A spell that is able to reduce the physical pain of another person.
- Locator Spell: Phasmatos Tribum, Nas Ex Viras Sequita Saguines Ementas Asten Mihan Ega Petous. A spell that is able to locate a certain object and/or person.
- Message Spell: A spell that is able to send a message to a certain person through space by burning the message over a flame.
- Instability Spell: Terra Mora Vantis, Quo Incandis! A spell that charges the personal item of someone with energy when it is turned to ash and is able to incapacitate a certain person.
- Hypnosis Spell: A spell that is able to hypnotize a certain person into revealing their inner secrets.
- Disempowerment Spell: Phasmatos Tribum, Exum Sue, Redem Su Pas Quo. A spell that is able to remove a witch from their powers.
- Astral Projection Spell: Phasmatos Tribum, Nas Ex Veras, Es Tas Sue Sasta Nanse, Transum Viso. Mas Tenas Quisa, Nas Metam! A spell that is able to transport the spiritual body of a person to another area within the world.
- Possession Spell: Somno Ritum Per Dax Ritum. A spell that is able to possess a person with the soul of someone else.
- Possession Counter Spell: Phasmatos Tribum, Nas Ex Veras, Uenes Fes Matos Et Somnos. Ex Totum Ex Um Maleo Matos. A spell that is able to reverse the effects of the Possession Spell.
- Energy Spell: A spell that is able to conjure and invoke the power of another witch.
- Resurrection Spell: Vitas Phasmatis, Ex Salito, Revertas Phasmatis. Ut Vectas, Vitas Phasmatos, Ex Salito. A spell that able to resurrect the dead.
- Protection Spell: A spell that is able to protect a person from any harm caused by the supernatural.
- Ring of Fire Spell: A spell that is able to prevent a person from leaving the inside of a drawn circle of fire.
- Transformation Spell: A spell that is able to decrease or increase the speed of a werewolf's transformation.
- Binding Spell: Phasmatos Tribum, Melan Veras Raddiam, Onu Pavadus Ponemus. A spell that is able to bind the life-force of a person to body of someone else.
- Original Killing Spell: Infero Eseri Gratas, Disasustos Vom, Mas Pro Je Ta Sue Te! Victamas Veras! Phesmatos Tribum, Niha Sue Exilum, Disasustos Vom, Mas Pro Je Ta Sue Te! Levam, Mina Sue Te, Disasustos Vom, Mas Pro Je Ta Sue Te! Phesmatos Veras! Fes Matos Tribum, Mas Pro Tes Unum! Victas Ex Melam, Phesmatos Vanem! Mas Pro Je Ta Sue Te! A powerful spell that is able to kill an Original Vampire.
- Spirit Possession Spell: Phesmatos Manex Un Domo Hax, Fero Adiuvex'. A spell that is able to temporarily possess a being with the spirit of deceased person.
- Extinguisher Spell: Sutas Incenda! A spell that is able to extinguish the flames of a fire.
- Paralysis Spell: A spell that is able to absorb the knowledge of another person.
- Banishing Spell: Phasmatos Redux Redismo Sus Terra. A spell that is able to remove the presence of an unwanted person or spirit.
- Manifestation Spell: Phasmatos Obscuras, Ex Luces Est Nes Umbres. A spell that is able to reveal the presence of a ghost to the living.
- Object destroying Spell: Universa Ruina In Tenebras Ra Damis Infinitum! De Lon Dem Ex Nahal da Six! A spell that is able to destroy a certain object or talisman.
- Opening Spell: Phasmatos Siprum, Emnis Abortum, Fasila Quisa Exilum San! A spell that is able to open or to unlock a certain door or object.
- Re-Opening Spell: Phasmatos Tribum, Melan Veras, Et Vasa Quisa, Exu Quisa! Another spell that is able to open or unlock a certain door or object.
- Sealing Spell: Sigalis Intransium, Exalis Exalis, Omnas Quisa Operum, Sigalis Intransium, Exalis Exalis! Omnaben Libras, Sigalis Intransium, Exalis Exalis! Omnas Quisa Operum, Exalis Exalis! A spell that is able close or open a certain object.
- Body Preservation Spell:A spell that is able to preserve a dead body so it will not decay
- Blood Link Ritual: Phasmatos Inta Grum Vin Callus Amalon Callagius Accodum. Cosom Naben Dox Callagius Amalon Gaeda Callagius. Ceremum Descendium Vinum. Phasmatos Inta Grum Callus. Cosom Naben Dox. A spell that is able to link two or more people together.
- Privacy Spell: When sage is burned, this spell that is able to deafen a vampire from listening in on private conversations.
- Nature Spell: Phasmatos Tribum, Melan Veras. Phasmatos Tribum, Melan Veras. A spell that is able to enhance the growth of a flower or plant.
- Blood Link Reversal Spell: Phasmatos Ex Solves, Exis Pa Unas Animotos. Phasmatos Di Conjunctos, Sol Facto Dos Male! Phasmatos Ex Solves, Exis Pa Unas Animotos, Di Conjuncto Sol Facto! Phasmatos, De Vos Male! A spell that is able to link every Original Vampire together as one.
- Weapon-Binding Spell: Vescaram Anta Intacurum, Vescalis Dissendis Divinitum! Ex Tutum Tatum, Dimentum Talos! Dox Toxem, Dox Malum! Dox Divinitum! A spell that is able to create an indestructible weapon.
- Boundary Spell: A spell used to prevent someone(s) from leaving the boundaries of an area.
- Boundary Counterspell: Merabas Hic Libatal, Confremun Signas. Omus Quisa Tentum Exalis, Merabas Hic Libatal Confremun Signas. Omus Quisa Tentum Exalis. A spell that is able to counteract the effects of a Boundary Spell.
- Locator Spell: ''Phasmatos Tribum, Nas Ex Viras Sequita Saguines Ementas Asten Mihan Ega Petous! A spell that allows the witch to locate someone by pouring their blood on a map.
- Heart Stasis Desiccation Spell: Ocoros Mecante, Aleora Subsitos! Ocoros Mecante, Aleora Subsitos! Olo Santire, Dis Et Brav! Ocoros Mecante, Aleora Subsitos! A spell that temporarily stops a human heart while an Original Vampire's heart is being stopped so that the Original can be successfully desiccated.
- Heart-Reviving Spell: An Duca Tuas, Animos! A spell that is able to revive a human heart.
- Suicide Spell: "Phesmatos Tribam, Mihan Veras Ractas, Mas Anima Mal Vita Caturam Hors. Suus Phesmatos Oproctum, E Tiamis Mihan Ractas, Somus Suster Gana. Phesmatos Tribam, Mihan Veras Ractas, Mas Anima Mal Vita, Caturam Hors! Somos Suster Gana, Phesmatos Tribam, Mihan Veras Ractas! Mas Anima Mal Vita, Caturam Hors. Revertas Phasmatis Ut Victas, Revertas Phasmatis Ut Victas, Phesmatos Tribum, Mihan Veras Ractas! Mas Anima Mal Vita, Caturam Hors!" - A spell which temporarily causes the death of the witch who casts it.
- Spirit Transference Spell: "Phasmatos Tribum, Nas Ex Veras, Radamis Phasmatos Ex Sonos! Resustamen Ex Veram Vatas! Radamis Phasmatos Ex Sonos!" - A spell that switches the consciousness from one body to another.
- Hunter-Creating Spell: "Phesmatos Sintu Corpora, E It A Rero, Quest Ero Immortalis. Phesmatos, Victoris, E Insipio Exu Ne Moris. Sintasia Sintu Corpora, Quest Ero Immortalis!" An incantation performed by a witch in the 12th Century which created The Brotherhood of the Five by binding them by fire.
- Expression-Cleansing Spell: " Phesmatos Tribum Nas Ex Viras, Purgal Animum Sous Obscarus. Phesmatos Repallus Tantian, Maltuscanum Anium Par Vas!" A spell performed by Aja and her coven in an attempt to cleanse Bonnie Bennett of Expression Magic.
- Resurrection Spell: "Phesmatos Raverus On Animun! Phesmatos Raverus On Animum! Phasmatos Raverus On Animum!" An incantation performed by Bonnie that combined Spirit, Dark and Expression magic in order to resurrect Jeremy permanently.
- Pregnancy Identification Spell: a spell used to identify if another is in fact pregnant. Jean Anne used it to figure out if Hayley was in fact pregnant with there child of Niklaus. The witch uses salt to make special symbols on the ground and lights candles around the area while humming in order to gain confirmation. It was also used to bind Sophie to Hayley in order to control hers and the baby's life.
- Vision Spell: "Os Est Infantina Malum! Nos Omnia Perdetu El Eam!" A prophetic spell uttered by Sabine while scrying for the gender of Hayley's baby.
- Mind Connection Spell : "Jaryakat en zem Daryeet acza" A spell that is able to connect mind of two people.
- Brain-Linking Spell: "Adatu Khan Leala Ghan Breatvis Shemil!" - A powerful spell in a circle of herbs performed by Qetsiyah that linked Silas to Stefan and used Stefan's energy to fry Silas's brain, rendering his mental powers useless.
- Ancestral Magic Locator Spell: used to find Elijah and Davina (Requirement: Incantation unknown, map, ashes, pocket watch) the spell would call up wind to move the ashes forming a path on the map while holding the pocket watch
- Ancestral Magic Charge Spell: used to help Katie save Thierry by taking the power of the ancestral dead into herself so she would have enough power to save Thierry. was cast by sprinkling salt and focusing
- Mass Pain Infliction Spell: (Used by Katie) to save Thierry it is similar to the pain infliction power but on a much larger scale that it caused the lights to explode and bring the vampires down (incantation unknown)
- Insanity Hex: used by Agnes to curse Cammi's twin brother to progressively lose his sanity and kill thirteen clergy members before taking his own life.
- The Harvest: A powerful Ritual used by the coven of New Orleans to recharge the powers their ancestors provide. It requires the sacrifice of four of their own daughters and the power to flow back into the earth before the Reaping. If this is not done the witches will lose their powers and cease to be Witches.
- Heart-Desiccation Spell: "A Vita Exahi! Isespotro Adimasero!" Used by Qetsiyah to reach into Silas's chest and squeeze a major vein in his heart so he would desiccate.
- Advanced Locating Spell: "Viteto Broshe Tarem Carmanifestofe" 'Used by Qetsiyah to find out the location of her mystical anchor trough visions.
- Spell of Unknotting: Phesmatos omnio ligor coldate sangorium...Phesmatos omnio ligata soluto...Phesmatos omnio ligata soluto vingulia cordit used by Davina as her first spell by unlinking Hayley and Sophie by using a sanguinium knot for representational magic.
- Anchor Transference Ritual: A powerful ceremony performed by Qetsiyah to replace Amara with Bonnie as the Anchor to The Other Side. Blood was channeled from Amara, Katherine and Elena over Bonnie's grimoire and became a triquetra symbol before turning into fire. "Im A Pran Khos Suptia Jhem Ai Pada Khe Rassatam! Im A Pran Khos Suptia Jhem Ai Pada Khe Rassatam! Im A Pran Khos Suptia Jhem Ai Pada Khe Rassatam! Ai Pada Se Rassatam! Ai Pada Se Rassatam! Ai Pada Se Rassatam! Ai Pada Se Rassatam!"
- Sun-Bound Isolation Spell: Cast by Silas on Qetsiyah's cabin to keep her trapped until sundown since the spell was bound by the sun. Created by Qetsiyah who taught the spell to Silas.
All Known Witches
Witch | Description | Status |
Silas | Silas is a extremely powerful witch who became the worlds first immortal. He was later cured of his immortality after 2,000 years. | Deceased |
Qetsiyah | She is a extremely powerful witch, along with Silas, they created the spell of immortality. She was able to resurrect herself when the veil was dropped. | Deceased |
Ayana | She was a member of the Bennett Family and she was Esther's mentor and her best friend. | Deceased |
Esther | She was a very powerful witch and the creator of the vampires in the New World. Esther is Mikael's wife and the Original Children's mother. | Deceased |
The Witch of The Five | She created the hunter marks on members of The Five. She died soon after the spell was cast. | Deceased |
Emily Bennett | She was a powerful witch and Katherine's handmaiden. Emily was tried and burned at the stake for the people of Mystic Falls. | Deceased |
Gloria | Gloria was a flamboyant soothsayer and also an excessively powerful Voodoo witch. Gloria was killed by Katherine. | Deceased |
Valerie LaMarche | Valerie was an evil powerful witch. She used Damon to get access to magic even worse then dark magic called expression by using him to get the 12 sacrifices which are needed to access it. | Deceased |
Nandi LaMarche | She is Val's daughter and is a good witch unlike her mother. Nandi sells herbs and homeopathic remedies, and performs spells for tourists. | Alive |
Sheila Bennett | She was a Bennett witch. After performing an exhausting spell to open the door of the tomb underneath Fell's Church, Sheila returned home where she slowly passed away. | Deceased |
Bastiana | Bastiana was one of the witches who was involved and believed in The Harvest. | Deceased |
Agnes | Agnes was a witch and a fortune teller. She was also member of the New Orleans Coven. | Deceased |
Jonas Martin | Dr. Jonas Martin was an powerful witch and also the father of Greta and Luka Martin. He was killed by Katherine and Stefan. | Deceased |
Bree | She was a friend of Lexi and Lee and the former lover of Damon Salvatore. She was killed by Damon. | Deceased |
Davina's mother | She was the mother of Davina Claire. She was killed by one of Marcel's vampires for attempting to sacrifice her own daughter. | Deceased |
Maddox | He was one of Niklaus' witches. Maddox was killed by Matt and Damon. | Deceased |
Massak | Massak was a witch in association with Atticus Shane. He was killed by Katherine. | Deceased |
Lucy | She is a powerful witch and member of the Bennett Family. | Alive |
Aja | Aja was a powerful witch, with a connection to Bonnie Bennett's mother, Abby Bennett Wilson, who comes to Mystic Falls to help cleanse Bonnie of her magic. She was killed by Caroline Forbes. | Deceased |
Eleven Witches | They were close friends of Aja and were part of her coven. They combined their powers to help cleanse Bonnie Bennett of expression, a very dark and powerful source of unnatural magic. Once they found out that Silas had a hold on her and he was why she was practicing expression they tried to kill her, but before they managed to do so Caroline stabbed Aja in the heart with a knife that Aja intended to use on Bonnie to kill her but because Aja and the eleven witches were linked they all died due to Aja dying. | Deceased |
Caitlin Shane | Caitlin Shane was a witch who is Atticus' deceased wife and his leading motivation to raise Silas. | Deceased |
Jane-Anne Deveraux | Jane-Anne Deveraux was a powerful witch. She will appear in The Originals. | Deceased |
Sabine | Sabine is a tour guide in New Orleans. She is also a member of the New Orleans Coven. | Alive |
Sophie Deveraux | Sophie is a witch in her late 20s early 30s, whose magic has been compromised and she's not happy about it. | Alive |
Katie | Katie was a powerful witch who worked in Jardin Gris. She was in love with Thierry and helped him to work against the witches out of love till her demise. | Deceased |
Greta Martin | She was one of Niklaus' witches and Jonas' daughter and Luka's sister. She was by killed Damon. | Deceased |
Bonnie Bennett | She is one of the only main witches in the TV Series. Bonnie is Elena and Caroline's best friend. | Deceased |
Luka Martin | He was a member of the Martin Family and one of Elijah's witches. He was killed by Damon. | Deceased |
Davina | Davina is a teenage witch, she is 16 years old. Growing up, she's been very sheltered, but that won't last very long with Klaus and Elijah storming into town. | Alive |
Monique Deveraux | Monique Deveraux was a witch. She was the daughter of Jane-Anne Deveraux and the niece of Sophie Deveraux. | Deceased |
Tanielle Soso | She was mentioned by Atticus Shane. Unknown if she was legitimately a witch. | Unknown |
- Ironically, witches (who are supposed to be the Servants of Nature) are responsible for disrupting the Balance of Nature.
- The Salvatore Doppelgänger Line was started as a result of Silas becoming truly immortal.
- Esther cast the Immortality Spell on her family, leading to the birth of the vampire race.
- Greta Martin broke The Hybrid Curse, freeing Klaus' werewolf side and allowing him to create more hybrids.
- Bonnie Bennett was indirectly responsible for helping Esther wedge open the door to The Other Side, allowing ghosts with unfinished business to interact with the living world.
- Bonnie also united Spirit Magic, Dark Magic and Expression to resurrect Jeremy Gilbert with unknown consequences.
- According to Rebekah, since witches are nature's servants, and vampires are an abomination of nature, a person can not be both a witch and a vampire. If a witch is turned into a vampire, their magical powers will vanish. Rebekah's mother Esther was a witch, so it is assumed that she (and possibly her siblings) would have been a witch if their family hadn't been turned into vampires.
- Although Luka and Jonas Martin tell Bonnie that they prefer to be called "warlocks", the other males who practice magic are referred to as witches, like their female counterparts.
- Damon Salvatore was responsible for the majority of the deaths of the witches throughout the TV series, until Caroline Forbes inadvertantly kills twelve linked witches while trying to stop them from killing Bonnie, who was being brainwashed by Silas.
- Honoria Fell and Theophilia Flowers were the only witches introduced in the novels.
- According to Shane, witches are the most oldest and most powerful supernatural creatures in this world, and are responsible for all of the other known supernatural creatures, such as vampires, doppelgängers, and The Brotherhood of the Five, a group of vampire hunters. It is possible that there are other supernatural creatures that have not been introduced yet.
- Silas was a powerful witch before he gained immortality by becoming the world's first vampire.
- Most witches in the series have come from The Bennett Family, who are direct descendents of Qetsiyah, an ancient and extremely powerful witch.
- As shown with Bonnie, it is possible to use more than one type of magic at once, however the results are very dangerous. However, it should be noted that Bonnie attempt to use Expression, Dark, and Spirit magic all at once, so it may be possible to use a combination of two of them and survive.
- In Sinners and Saints it is revealed that Klaus and Hayley's unborn daughter will be the death of all witches.
- Most of the known witches listed above are now deceased or mid living and dead, such as Bonnie.
See also
- List of Witches - a complete list of all witches who have appeared in the series.


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Share This PageAcademy Award® Winner Starring William H. Macy, Frances McDormand, Steve Buscemi... View more > Directed by Joel Coen Running Time - 1:35 Genre - Drama Opened in Theaters - Friday, March 8th, 1996 1996 Academy Award Winner for Best Actress (Frances McDormand) strong violence, language and sexuality
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New Single "Heart Attack" Available Now!
The Enrique Iglesias and Jennifer Lopez tour starts soon! Do you have your tickets yet? http://bit.ly/JRPoJw
Tags: ON-SALE, enrique iglesias, jennifer lopez, summer tour
Jlo is comming to Ahoy without Enrique!!!
Boo Hoo...then far too much to only see her I bet...sigh....just not in my buget right now...boo hoo...Sarah
some of Jlo's songs i like ... but i am not her biggest fan.. so...
She`s coming also to Italy but without Enrique :'(
This is going to be an amazing tour. To bad they don't come to Europe with it ! Wish I could go and see them cause this will rock sooooooooooooooo bad ! Oh yeah ! Party is in da house !
Hildeke !
Why Jennifer Lopez will comming in Europe alone? She will be also in Bulgaria in November. We don't known anything about Enrique. I'm sad.
I can totally understand that :( I`m devasted too since she will go to Italy too without him :'(
I didn`t know about Bulgaria too, now I`m even more sad since she`ll go there too without him, so close to my country :'(
Why not Enrique in Europe???? :'(
© 2013 Created by Enrique Iglesias.


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Ashburn, VA, United States daily deals > grouponuk > Bavarian Sausages and Beer For Two, Four, or Six from £12 at London Oktoberfest 2012 (Up to 64% Off)
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Deal provided by: Grouponuk
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- Bavarian festival with live music and long wooden tables
- Big top tent turned into traditional beer hall
- In Kennington Park, close to Oval and Kennington tubes
Fine print:
Valid on Thursday 20 or 27 September 2012 only. Limit 1 per 2, 4, or 6 people. May buy multiple as gifts. No booking required. Present printed Groupon at gates for entry. Valid 4pm-11pm. Must be 18 or older with valid ID. Valid on option purchased only. Original value verified 3 July 2012 at 5.26pm. See the rules that apply to all deals.
Bavarian Sausages and Beer For Two, Four, or Six from £12 at London Oktoberfest 2012 (Up to 64% Off)
Like a Bavarian beer festival, a Bavarian bear festival needs a variety of refreshments, plenty of entertainment, and someone on the lookout for Goldilocks. Celebrate golden hops instead with today's Groupon: Bavarian meal of sausages, chips, and crisps, plus a beer at London Oktoberfest 2012. Choose from the following options:
• £12 for two people (54% off) • £22 for four people (58% off) • £28 for six people (64% off) About The Event Brimming with oomph and gusto, Oktoberfest London is a pop-up party that combines a traditional knees-up with Bavarian tradition. Gracing Kennington Park during the final two weekends of September, the festival supplies revellers with German bands and beer under an all-encompassing tent big enough for 2500 people. Staff will be decked out in Dirndl and Lederhosen, music will be provided by Albfetza, and costumes can be rented for a supplement. The beer will flow, with a half pint per person included, and a sausage meal will help keep the atmosphere authentic. Key Information Show times: Thursday 20 or 27 September, 4pm to 11pm Includes one bag of crisps, a half pint of beer, and plate of two Bavarian sausages with fries each Nearest tube: Oval or Kennington, both on the Northern Line London Oktoberfest 2012 Kennington Park - Lambeth, St. Agnes Pl, London SE11 4BU Company Website


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Posters, The Cool Ones
Friday, April 3rd, 2009If you haven't heard of the Keep Calm And Carry On postercraze, you've either been living under a rock for quite some time, or you've been living under a rock for quite some time. Only with the latter you've done so on purpose. Because let's face it, we're all terrible sheeple sometimes. Not pretty.
It's been fun for a while, the phrase is ironically fitting. But come on, is it really necessary to buy a Keep Calm And Carry On tee and prance around in it??
My answer to that is..
Don't Believe The Hype!, a print by Nate Duval
If an original piece of art goes way beyond your budget, there's always the screenprinted posters to look out for. There are so many brilliant prints and posters out there – of which most of my favourites turned out the be gig posters, go figure! – that I owe a couple of them a post at the very least.
Let's start with Strawberry Luna. Last year I was googling images when my attention got caught by a Tori Amos poster, created by her. It turned out to be part of a post on the More Ways To Waste Time blog, where I wound up snooping around for the next hour.
This coincidental moment inspired me to start blogging, actually.
So here's a little round of applause for the talented Strawberry Luna and a selection of her work.
See her Etsy shop and website for more!
Some more eyecandy for ya:
Gig posters from Vera, Groningen.
A print by Laurie Hastings (Etsy / website)
A poster by Cricket Press (Etsy / website)
Print by pleasebestill (Etsy) / Jen Renninger (website)
If you're interested there's a great site for browsing hundreds gig posters: gigposters.com.


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It was quite a surprise for some Mason City folks, when they showed up to work and discovered a mother goose up to her neck in snow.
These area employees have been watching the goose since last month, and have become quite protective of her since she laid her first egg.
They can see her from their office window.
And even though she's nearly covered in snow - this mother is worried about her top priority: the four eggs she must protect.
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Blow Away
A ramped-up version of the body's cocaine-purging protein could lead to the world's first effective medicine for combating overdoses and addictions to the illicit drug. The body can break down and inactivate cocaine with the natural blood protein butyrylcholinesterase, but this enzyme is normally too weak and ineffective for medical use. Now, with the aid of computer simulations to test molecules virtually, scientists at the University of Kentucky and their colleagues have developed a far more active form of this protein. They created it by stabilizing its reactive structures and stripping away parts that hindered its function. In laboratory studies, the mutant form of the enzyme broke down cocaine roughly 2,000 times faster than the natural version. The scientists also found that the artificial enzyme prevented convulsions and death when injected into mice that were given otherwise lethal overdoses of cocaine. Read more in the September 24 Journal of the American Chemical Society. —Charles Q. Choi
Star Making around Holes
Researchers may have figured out how the 100 or so stars around the Milky Way's central supermassive black hole could have formed. Stars emerge when clouds of hydrogen molecules coalesce under their collective gravitational attraction. The gravity around a supermassive black hole, however, should have shredded such a cloud like paint dropped on an eggbeater before it got a chance to make stars. Astrophysicists simulated the fate of a hydrogen cloud as massive as 10,000 suns that suddenly wafted near a black hole. Although much of the cloud would splatter, shock waves and other turbulence would drain the angular momentum out of the inner 10 percent. That material would take up orbit around the black hole and give time for stars to form. The August 22 Science brought the results to light. —JR Minkel
Space Suits Them
Humans can survive unprotected in space for a few minutes before the air in their lungs expands, gas bubbles out of their blood and the saliva in their mouths begins to boil. In contrast, a tiny animal, reaching 1.5 millimeters in length, can survive for days in the harsh environment. Known as tardigrades, or water bears, they are found all over the world, from the sediments on the ocean floor to the lichens on mountaintops. In an adaptation to desiccation, some tardigrades can persist for a decade without moisture. Tardigrades that went into orbit last year faced the vacuum of space for 10 days and survived. Only when they also encountered radiation did the water bears capitulate—just 10 percent made it. Much like the bacterium Deinococcus radiodurans, the tardigrades that survived must have some mechanism that repairs cellular damage. The researchers who describe the space-faring tardigrades in the September 9 Current Biology speculate that other creatures adapted to survive extreme dryness—such as rotifers, nematodes and brine shrimp—might share the tardigrades' ability to endure space. —David Biello
Survival of the Luckiest
Dinosaurs might have ruled the planet out of sheer luck. The dominant status that dinosaurs enjoyed for some 135 million years had suggested there was something inherently superior about the creatures. To see why the dinosaurs rose to prominence, paleontologists investigated the first years of their existence in the late Triassic, from 230 million to 200 million years ago. The researchers discovered their main competitors at that time, the crurotarsans (ancestors to crocodiles), thrived—the fossil record shows that crurotarsans were actually twice as diverse as dinosaurs when it came to body types, diets and ways of life and that they were more abundant in many ecosystems. Hence, the scientists, from the University of Bristol in England and the American Museum of Natural History in New York City, conclude that dinosaurs did not outcompete crurotarsans, which were largely wiped out by rapid climate change at the end of the Triassic. For some reason, the change did not affect the dinosaurs; the crurotarsans might have easily inherited the earth instead. Dig up more in the September 12 Science. —Charles Q. Choi


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Discuss Psychic Abilities for Free. No Account is Needed.
I did TK about a year ago and was able to move the psi wheel. I have just started again and i am able to move the pis wheel first try! It has really helped my confidence but i am only able to move it to the left but pritty fast and i only get a little movement to the right, sometimes only a twitch. Any suggestions.
My advice: Keep going and don't stop. I started TK when I was about 12-14yrs old and I did successfully move the psiwheel. Life got in the way since then and I haven't had the time to fully commit to it.
I'm setting myself a program so I can focus and get back into it. I need to make it part of my schedule during the day. Won't be able to do that until I get my college schedule.
Thanks I was working on it and was able to make it move both ways now.
Put a jar over the thing. Otherwise its really not so reliable. Its still possible to move by itself, even under a jar. But if you can do it all the time even with the jar then your looking good.
By the way, affirmations in a meditative state work wonders.
Good luck!
I will try the jar tonight.
My advice is don't look for advice at all. The psionic rat race has been going on long enough. Doing the same thing everyone else is doing is not going to get you anywhere. Anyone i've ever known who has had success in psionics has steered away from the typical "methods." All of these individuals, including myself, have been taken far far away from the usual one track perception of what "psionics" really is. As a result, none of these individuals are still members of the "online energy community." In fact, the only reason I'm replying to this is because I remembered this website and your post was the first one I noticed.
If you want to move things with psychokinesis, my 2 cents, take it or leave it, is this... Drop everything you think you know about psionics. Go pursue meditation in all its facets, and I assure you, when the time comes you feel as though moving those objects is in your grasp, and you know you can, you will no longer feel the need, or desire to do so. This, or become a scientist in some sense. Study, ready, and learn everything there is to "know" about "psi" and "psionics." And let me know how that treats you 4 years from today. Because I promise you, you won't have moved anything larger, but you would be very knowledgeable on what you refused to accept as being nothing more than well written ideas.
"Go not where the path may lead, go instead where there is no path, and leave a trail." ~Eleanor Roosevelt.
And on a lighter note! What's up everyone! I probably won't see any replies to this for months, but I hope everyone is doing well. Have a great new years, and don't get too caught up in the OEC and the drama if any still exists. Remember, all these people have lives just like you. Just don't forget to live yours :).
~Float (haven't gone by that in years... wow...) Later
Thank you Float I have seen your videos before and never thought that you would reply, I am well aware of meditation and have been doing it for about a year but sort of lost touch with it when school started. What lies for me ahead is uncertain but I do know that TK is what makes me happy and I will always try to push my self further and further. The way I think of it is what is life if you don't do what is fun to you not to others. And Float I think we would all appreciate if you and some of the older members would come back not for guidance but for wisdom, just as you have for me
Float, your advice is priceless. I only read just to get a catch up on the community and gain inspiration but whenever I practice, I go with what I feel. Definitely hope to see more from you on this forum. See ya 'round!
And keep meditating. I find meditation the most important aspect of all this. You need to train your mind to be able to enter a deep brain state at will. It's a huge advantage too.


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O'Shea: Ward can fill Quins' front row void (From Surrey Comet)
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O'Shea: Ward can fill Quins' front row void
8:10am Friday 20th September 2013 in Quins By Stuart Amos
Harlequins hooker Joe Gray's misfortune is team-mate Dave Ward's gain, and he is champing at the bit to fill the void in the front row left by the injured England Saxon.
Gray, a member of England coach Stuart Lancaster's second string last season, hobbled off in Friday's defeat to former club Northampton Saints.
The 25-year-old was given a relative boost this week when he was told he would be sidelined for 12 weeks with damaged knee ligaments, when it first appeared he would be missing for the entire season.
It leaves O'Shea with only Rob Buchanan – a tourist with the senior national squad in Argentina over the summer – and former Cornish Pirate Ward as his only two fit hookers for the opening months of the campaign.
The latter made only one substitute appearance in the top flight last term, but played a key role in his club's LV= Cup-winning campaign.
He had arrived at the Stoop on the crest of a wave having starred for the Pirates as they lost to London Welsh in the Championship play-off final in 2012.
And O'Shea was disappointed to lose Gray, he felt 28-year-old Ward could add an interesting dimension to his side.
"Dave wasn't involved as much as he would have liked last year, because Joe and Rob [Buchanan] played so well," he said.
"But he has been brilliant around the club and he is a very popular member of the squad. He played very well in our A League and LV= Cup winning teams.
"Over the summer we committed to getting him more involved this season and now he has his chance.
"He can add another dimension to our attack and can do things other people can't. I'm excited to see him play."
Gray joined Quins from Northampton in 2010 and featured in all of Quins' 22 top flight clashes last term – starting 20.
And O'Shea was looking forward to having him back sooner than expected.
"Joe gave his knee a good yank on Friday and having sent him to see Andy Williams – one of the best surgeons around – he said he did not need to do anything," he said.
"We really thought it was going to end his season, but thankfully he should be looking to ready for Gloucester in November."


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Cincom Enterprise Management is a portfolio of Web-enabled business applications that address the business cycle of companies who build and service complex products. It encompasses activities included in business planning, business acquisition, order management, engineering, procurement, manufacturing and re-manufacturing operations, cost management, finance, and aftermarket support. CONTROL also supports global enterprises by offering distributed multi-site implementation options, multiple currencies, and multiple languages.
For more information, visit the company's web site
or product homepage:


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Items by Pat Ford — 10 items
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A Western tradition ends with a conference on America's parks
A report on the Institute of the American West's conference, Parks in the West and American Culture.
by Pat Ford, Oct 10, 2013 -
Idaho will further dewater the Snake River
The ratification of the Snake River Water Agreement sets off an adjudication of water rights on the Snake River. It's expected to take 10 years to determine how much unappropriated water remains to be diverted.
by Pat Ford, Oct 09, 2013 -
Look at the forest as well as the trees
A court decision could force the Forest Service to do comprehensive, cumulative studies on the effects of roads built into roadless areas.
by Pat Ford, Sep 30, 2013 -
A financial bucaneer and his resort come to Idaho's Priest Lake
Priest Lake's future is tangled in a web of money-making through the doings and undoings of British financier Sir James Goldsmith.
by Pat Ford, Sep 30, 2013 -
The economics of logging will shape Idaho wildlands
The recent decline in Idaho's wood-products industry helps explain why the industry and the Idaho congressional delegation led by Republican Sen. James McClure have fought so fiercely against additional wilderness.
by Pat Ford, Sep 30, 2013 -
Idaho forests to get $1.3 billion in roads
Northern Idaho's three National Forests plan to build 16,570 miles of new roads over the next 45 years.
by Pat Ford, Sep 30, 2013 -
Idaho will negotiate water right with tribes
Far-reaching water negotiations have begun between the state of Idaho and the Shoshone-Bannock tribes over water rights in the Snake River Basin.
by Pat Ford, Sep 30, 2013 -
In the West: Sen. James McClure and the Forest Service are big losers
Among Western Republicans, McClure is the biggest loser from the Senate shift. For six years he has kept Forest Service timber and roadbuilding budgets high and Bureau of Land Management grazing fees low.
by Pat Ford, Sep 28, 2013 -
New powerline could electrocute salmon
The Northwest's energy surplus is the latest battleground in the decades-long trench warfare between salmon and steelhead advocates and the Bonneville Power Administration.
by Pat Ford, Sep 27, 2013 -
Idaho enters the nuclear weapons business
The Idaho National Engineering Laboratory near Idaho Falls is preparing for its first major nuclear weapons project.
by Pat Ford, Sep 27, 2013


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"The word farl originates from the Gaelic word fardel meaning four parts. These potato griddle breads can be made with leftover mashed potatoes too. Serve hot with a little butter and salt, or fry them alongside soda bread as part of an Ulster Fry-up."
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Holiday cookies, cakes, pies, and breads. Get recipes and inspiration.
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See how to put a creamy, flavorful twist on regular mashed potatoes.
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Posts tagged ect.
RvB Drabble: The Devil in the Details
He told himself it was normal to compare the two, on some level. She'd caught his eye with her stance, so much like Allison's, and that deadly thirst to prove herself. He thought that'd be ok, that if he could control what she does, then the same desire that killed Allison might just keep her alive.
Of course there were differences. She was so much like her, like the memory of her, that he used those small oddities to make sure he remembered who she was. Which one she was.
Her hair was so bright. Allison had red hair - longer - but her shade was more like blood. Where her hair was bright and violent, like the woman who owned it, Allison was more subdued, more the quiet fury that owned her actions so often and so completely.
This new woman was reactionary. You don't get to being where she is without a bit of ambition, but in everything she did it was obvious it was a reaction to something external. Often it was reaction to orders, reaction to success, to disappointment. She reacted like an animal, instinctively and without pause, but she also reminded him of the fundamental difference between animals and humans, because as instant as her reactions were, they were also deliberate. They were planned with a human mind, trained to keep up with her instinct, trained by the threat of death to adapt until she could make sure she got out alive, every time.
Her eyes. Allison always had this glint to her eyes, somewhere between mockery and cruelty. All this woman had behind them was determination. Allison always knew she was the best at what she did. This woman wanted everyone else to know it, too.
She stood at attention in front of him, this woman, every muscle and bone in her body reminding him of one very particular, very unforgettable girl. She stood at attention and awaiting his approval, and for the first time since the woman had walked in he knew what the defining difference between the two women was.
He knew that this woman would be an integral part of Project Freelancer.
For all the ways she reminded him of Allison, this, here, this desire for his word, his say-so, his assertion that she's good enough, that's what set them apart. That's what made this woman invaluable. That's what made her his, in a way that, he had to admit, Allison never was.
"Carolina," he said.
"Sir?" the woman said, staring straight ahead, at attention, so much like a memory, and yet so much more than that.
"That's your name. Agent Carolina."
"Yes sir," she said firmly, and the Director of Project Freelancer couldn't help but smile.


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Previous: The Ladies of Lolla
Sunday's best tattoo photos | Lollapalooza 2012
I've always been amazed at how there are only a finite number of images that can fit on a person's arm (or back...or shoulder) and yet, we still seem to find completely original and completely mind-blowing tattoos every day. This Sunday was no exception—here are some of the best tattoos we came across on Lollapalooza's final day.
Previous: The Ladies of Lolla


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We want real people!
Dear Magazine, We sent this to you with high hopes of a brighter future for our youth. We demand to see pictures of real women and men. The Dove ads are a start, but can you not do more Why is our youth subjected to see these so called beautiful people Is their no happy medium We want to see real people, real figures; a human! Not these processed, implanted, diet, enhanced, skinny, muscled, not real people. This is our petition for a real magazine, one that will not make us feel bad about ourselves anymore. One that will not subject us to these unreal humans, these computerized and touched up flawless people. We demand real. The Real People, Krista, Naomi, Juan Penn State University students
Recent signatures
alison nulf, United States
5 years ago -
yeayeahh, Levallois-perret, France
6 years ago -
doris glover, Baltimore, MD, United States
6 years ago
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The Full Dollar Collection of Contemporary Art is an initiative that aims to reconsider the tradition of public art through a collaboration between artists, sign painters, and business owners. Originated in Ecuador by artist and anthropologist X. Andrade, the project will examine how the fine art tradition intersects with the tradition of commercial hand-painted signs.
As Artist-in-Residence at Outpost for Contemporary Art in Highland Park, Los Angeles, Andrade will collaborate with Occidental College and KCET Departures in exploring the possibilities of using storefronts along York Boulevard as a canvas for engaging dialogue between artists, non-artists, and the community. Sign painters will appropriate works by fine artists, using their motifs to create works that not only will be pieces of public art, but also serve to advertise a business and become fixtures on the changing face of the community.
The Full Dollar site will feature content that will be updated several times a week. These include video interviews, guest blog posts, and a photo survey of hand painted signs across Highland Park.
The Full Dollar Collection of Contemporary Art is developed through a partnership between:
Since the mid-1990s I have developed an ethnographic interest in visual economies, by which I mean -- following anthropologist Deborah Poole -- the complex ways in which images are affected by being part of concrete processes of production, distribution, and consumption. They are a particular type of commodity, an object and a fetish that speaks in the language of desire and sensuality (Griselda Pollock), with meanings that always remain open to interpretation (Roland Barthes).
I was greatly influenced by a set of fruitful dialogues while studying anthropology at The New School For Social Research in New York City. Poole's course on Visual Cultures, Johannes Fabian's studies on vernacular painting and history in Zaire, Steve Caton's ethnographic approach to film, Terry Williams' attention to sexual images and the city, and Kevin Dwyer's work on dialogical anthropology were crucial to shaping my ethnographic view of images. In several of those courses, artists attended and actively participated in pushing the borders of their own practice. Among them, of foremost importance were my dialogues with Aleksandra Mir, by now a very well known name within the global art circuits. While in NYC, I contributed to Mir's Naming Tokyo, an alternative map of that city meant to convene idiosyncratic readings of constructed space and the politics behind labeling the urban gridlock.
In late 2011, around the time of the Full Dollar Project's last blog post on KCET Departures, the artist- and neighborhood-centered organization Outpost for Contemporary Art was at a critical financial and administrative juncture. Rather than see the organization close, the Armory Center for the Arts in Pasadena invited Outpost into its fold with the aim of maintaining Outpost's programmatic vitality, while augmenting Armory's spirit and capacity to invent.
Soon after this merger, the organization was hit with news of the sudden death of former Outpost director, Ronald Lopez. Lopez had, along with founding director Julie Deamer, become intimate with The Full Dollar Project on every level, from selecting the artists to working with the sign painters, businesses, and community stakeholders. All this said, these unfortunate and unforeseen circumstances threatened the viability of The Full Dollar Collection of Contemporary Art on York Boulevard.
In the summer of 2012, Armory's Exhibitions team picked up the torch on this valued yet fraught project. Like Outpost the year prior, the Armory was faced with the continual challenge of acquiring a Visa for Ecuadorian artist X. Andrade to travel to the United States. Just when they thought their efforts were in vain, they received reassuring news that X.'s visa had come though by way of New York University, which awarded a Fulbright Scholarship to Andrade's wife to pursue a doctorate degree in anthropology.
This is part of a series of interviews conducted by students from Occidental College for the Full Dollar project.
Previously located in South Pasadena, Mi Vida recently moved to Highland Park, where owners (and cousins) Noelle Reyes and Danell Hughes sell vintage apparel, hand-crafted art, books and accessories. Their colorful boutique reflects a passion for Latino and Chicano creativity and social justice.
This is part of a series of interviews conducted by students from Occidental College for the Full Dollar project.
Marcos J. Perez was a diver in Puerto Rico before coming to Los Angeles in the 1980s. After an accident forced him to change careers, he studied graphic design and opened the copy and design center DigiColors. For his sign art he would like a painting that captures the history and spirit of Highland Park.
This is part of a series of interviews conducted by students from Occidental College for the Full Dollar project.
The Awesome Playground owner Kay Osorio has lived in Northeast L.A. her whole life and feels a strong sense of community in Highland Park. She worked a corporate job until she had her son and decided to change careers. Now she can have her son with her while she runs this indoor playground which gives neighborhood kids a safe and comfortable place to play and socialize.
This is part of a series of interviews conducted by students from Occidental College for the Full Dollar project.
Martin Durazo is a Los Angeles native whose multimedia works explore the "aesthetics of the elicit", using found objects like Chinese masks and ordinary household items and putting them in a new context that deviates them from its intended use. We sat down at his studio in Glendale for a conversation about his career, from studying with Paul McCarthy to the artistic spirit that can be found everywhere. See the interview in the video above.
This is part of a series of interviews conducted by students from Occidental College for the Full Dollar project.
Sandow Birk has spent much of his life living and working in the Los Angeles area. Feeling that it is the most exciting place to be an artist, he often simultaneously critiques and celebrates the city in his work. He views his art as a means to communicate his conceptual ideas, which often re-define historical styles of painting and deal with contemporary American life. We met at his studio in Long Beach to talk a bit about his work, which you can see in the video above.
Now that we've learned a bit about the sign painters involved with the Full Dollar project, let us now meet the artists. We sat down with each artist for a video interview which, along with samples of their work, will be posted right here on this blog over the course of next few weeks.
Here are the participating artists, with a brief description about their works:
An e-mail exchange between me and Julie Deamer, the former director at Outpost for Contemporary Art, took place on May 5th, 2011. As it turned out, this dialogue was a key component to define the process of translation from one place to another in order to respond to the different challenges derived from diverse traditions, urban contexts, and power relations between art and sign-painting. New methods needed to be developed for the project to have an echo within the Highland Park community at large. At the same time, my main questions regarding irony and humor as powerful elements for the critique of the art world and collecting practices still seem unsolved by this act of translation:
Originally from Sonsonate, El Salvador, Rodolfo worked as a graphic designer for a newspaper before coming to Los Angeles to pursue work as an artist. Both his acrylic paintings of life in El Salvador and his commercial work for local businesses and public murals often depict colorful, cheerful details. He invited us to his studio/home for an intimate interview about his life and work.


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Monday 2 July 2012
Director of My Mortgage, Catherine Hearnden, has commented that she doesn't foresee mortgage rates increasing radically in the coming months due standard variable rates (SVRs) link to the Bank of England base rate which currently stands at 0.5%.
Ms Hearnden, commented on houseladder.co.uk that: "There are a lot of lenders who peg it to that and the [Bank of England] are not going to increase it because they can't."
Her comments were made in response to findings from the Bank of England that show mortgage providers have seen a greater demand for lending in quarter two of 2012.
Market experts also do not believe there will be much change in the demand for lending over the next few months.


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Shot Through the Heart NecklaceBy: Tammy Powley Practice a number of techniques with these beaded necklace patterns from Tammy Powley. The Shot Through the Heart Necklace is perfect for an anti-Valentine's Day party or just to show your style. This project is an excert from The Complete Photo Guide to Jewelry Making by Tammy Powley. Materials:
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text: Just purchased 30ml of French Vanilla ice cream wow and I don't like it. If anybody likes this flavor I have only used 20 drops of it. I would be willing to trade for what ever I can get for it. I also have Strawberry White Chocolate that is 30ml with 20 drops used. I am willing to do the same with this flavor as well. I only purchased these to try a new flavor due to the fact that White Chocolate was out. If you're interested let me know. Both are at 11mg


text: I just bought a jug of mhp Probolic SR, which has alot of soy protein in it. I was wondering how good of a protein powder this is, ive read that soy converts into extra estrogens in the body. Has anyone had experience with soy protein and/or MHP's Probolic SR?


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Setting Tax Rates
Once the ARB approves the appraisal records, the chief appraiser prepares an appraisal roll for each taxing unit. An appraisal roll lists the taxable property within the unit's boundaries. The appraisal district's job then is finished for the current year. It has, at least in theory, provided a set of equal and uniform values for the use of all local taxing units.
Now the taxing units decide what services they will provide in the coming year and how much money they will need. Each taxing unit adopts a tax rate that will raise the needed tax dollars.
How do tax rates work?
As a taxpayer, it's important for you to understand how government spending, property values and tax rates affect the size of your tax bill.
- Property values determine each taxpayer's share of the total taxes.
Changes in property values may affect the tax bills of individual owners, but they do not necessarily increase or decrease the total amount of taxes to a taxing unit.
- A taxing unit's budget determines its total amount of taxes.
Total taxes collected increase only when government spending increases.
The only meaningful way to compare tax rates is to consider the amount of tax revenue they will produce.
"Truth-in-taxation" laws give taxpayers a voice in decisions affecting their property tax rates.
Beginning in early August, taxing units take the first step toward adopting a tax rate by calculating and publishing the effective and rollback tax rates.
The effective tax rate would provide the taxing unit with about the same amount of revenue it received in the year before, on properties taxed in both years. If property values rise, the effective tax rate will go down, and vice versa. Comparing property tax revenues from one year to the next year tells you whether there will be a tax increase.
The rollback rate, by contrast, would provide the taxing unit with about the same amount of tax revenue it spent the previous year for day-to-day operations, plus an extra 8 percent cushion for operating money and sufficient funds to pay its debts in the coming year. (For school districts, the cushion is 4 cents per $100 of property value rather than 8 percent.)
In addition to effective and rollback rates, effective maintenance and operations rates must also be calculated. Special notices of budget and tax rate hearings must be published and posted on the web.
If a unit adopts a tax rate that is higher than the rollback rate, voters in the unit can circulate a petition calling for an election to limit the size of the tax increase. For school districts, no petition is required. The school board simply calls for an election to ratify the adopted rate if the adopted rate exceeds the rollback rate.
Each taxing unit, other than a school district, a water district or small taxing unit (with a rate of less than 50 cents per $100 of property value that raises less than $500,000), publishes the effective and rollback rates in a local newspaper, along with a list of the debts it must pay and the amount of money left over from the previous year. A school district or water district must publish a special notice in the newspaper.
If taxpayers believe that the taxing unit hasn't calculated and published these rates or other required information in good faith, they can ask a district court to stop the taxing unit from adopting a tax rate until it complies with the law.
Additional laws apply to tax rate settings for school districts.
What if your taxing unit plans to increase the tax rate?
Taxing units hold budget hearings to discuss what services to provide in the coming year and how to pay for them. Taxpayers concerned about spending should attend these hearings.
If a governing body wants to increase its property tax rate above the effective or rollback rate, it must publish a quarter-page notice in a local newspaper, announcing special public hearings. School districts must publish a notice and hold a public hearing. (Small taxing units and certain water districts have a special notice process.)
The public hearings give taxpayers an opportunity to voice their opinions about the proposed tax increase and ask questions of the governing body.
Before the hearing's end, the governing body must set a date, time and place for the tax rate's formal adoption. The taxing unit then publishes another quarter-page ad announcing the meeting to adopt the tax rate.
If you believe that your taxing unit has failed to comply in good faith with these requirements, you can file a lawsuit in district court to stop tax collections until the taxing unit complies with the law. You must file the lawsuit before substantially all of the tax bills are mailed.
How can you limit a tax increase?
If a taxing unit adopts a tax rate that exceeds the rollback rate, the taxpayers may petition for an election to reduce the tax increase to the rollback rate. If a school district adopts a tax rate above the rollback rate, the district must hold an election to ratify the adopted rate; no petition is required.
For taxing units other than school districts, petitions for holding a tax rate rollback election must:
- use specific legal wording. An attorney can assist you with the proper wording for a petition;
- be signed by at least 7 or 10 percent of the registered voters in the taxing unit, depending on whether the adopted tax rate raises more or less than $5 million for maintenance and operations taxes.
The number of registered voters is the number of voters included on the most recent official voter list; and - be presented to the taxing unit's governing body within 90 days after it adopts the tax rate.
Once the governing body receives a petition, it has 20 days to determine if it is valid. If the governing body determines that the petition is valid, or if the governing body takes no action during the 20 days, it must set an election date 30 to 90 days from then.
If a majority votes in favor of the tax rollback, the tax rate is reduced to the rollback rate immediately. For school districts, if a majority votes against ratifying the school district's adopted tax rate, the calculated rollback rate will become the school's tax rate. In school districts, however, a rollback election is not required if the tax rate increase is intended to pay for responses to a natural disaster.


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The T.A.G. Large Cargo Bag is a bag that every operator must have. It's large enough for all of your personal gear and small enough to travel with and not get hit with oversized bag fees when traveling on commercial flights.
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