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2007 Christopher Street West
Los Angeles LGBT PRIDE Honorees
Each year, individuals are proudly awarded recognition for noticeable contributions they have made over a significant period of time. Nominations come directly from the community to Christopher Street West through advertised channels, outreach and open recommendations for candidates that stand to strengthen our commitment to the goals of human rights, equality, empowerment and a better understanding within the LGBT community of itself and in relation to the non-LGBT community.
Awards in multiple categories are given for outstanding contributions in a wide variety of specialties such as arts, community service, political involvement, sports, and media publication. We are tremendously grateful to all Honorees, Grand Marshals and numerous nominees for their significant achievements and tireless efforts from which so many benefit. While we recognize these outstanding contributions, our community is eternally grateful for all of the efforts and achievements of those who work towards a greater global humanity.
Sunnie Rose Berger
Woman of the Year
The self-sacrificing nature of Sunnie Rose Berger stands as an incredible testimony within the LGBT community of a woman whose shining compassion is a beacon of hope in a sea of fear and darkness. Constantly giving of her time, her talents and her personal resources, her work to support organizations to support individuals living with HIV and AIDS inspires hope and encouragement for those seeking a happier, healthier and more productive life. Almost a year before the doors of Shanti L.A. were regrettably closed, Sunnie Rose Berger and Ric Parish co-founded The Life Group LA.
Going as far to raise financial support by mortgaging her own home, their preparations and insight bridged important services to remaining Shanti Clients in addition to having already served more than 800 clients on their own. Making a new home for positive growth opportunity she is currently serving as Executive Director of The Life Group L.A., she is deeply involved in the Los Angeles Gay & Lesbian Rodeo Association and developed Saddle Up L.A., the first ever AIDS Benefit Horseback Trail Ride. Thank you, Sunnie Rose Berger, for the warm-hearted and personal embrace you provide to our community.The Woman of the Year is that individual continually involved in an important undertaking that makes a positive statement for the LGBT community as a whole.
Ivy Bottini
Morris Kight Lifetime Achievement Award
Ivy Bottini is a living legend. Over the past 40 years, her purposeful dedication and activism has greatly contributed to the rights and equality of LGBT individuals across this country. She was a founder of the first chapter of the National Organization for Women in 1966, led the take-over of the Statue of Liberty in 1970, founded AIDS Network (the first AIDS organization in Los Angeles) and founded the Los Angeles Lesbian/Gay Police Advisory Board.
She currently serves as co-chair of the City of West Hollywood's Lesbian and Gay Advisory Board, spearheads work in Partner Abuse, supports the annual Dyke March, lobbies for affordable LGBT senior housing, and continues fighting against Crystal Meth addiction. Her relentless actions and motivational legacy speak towards the strength, Pride, and empowerment of our LGBT sisters and brothers. It is only with the valued efforts of community pillars, like Ivy Bottini, that our contemporary culture can attribute the positive growth for our segment of the human rights movement.
Mikel Gerle
Special Community Award
Having overcome great personal challenges, Mikel is an individual who continually takes positive action towards building personal happiness in his own life and the lives of others. With a strong political mind and outstanding personal dedication, he is a highly active member of the community and has been involved in numerous protests such as the AB 101 Marches, the 1993 Million-Man March, and the 2005 Same-Sex Marriage Rally.
Mikel continues to lead others to the call of action through example of his personal participation with multiple AIDS marathons, AID for AIDS, Hot and Dry, named title of "Mr. Oil Can Harry's Leather 2007", "Mr. Los Angeles Leather 2007" sponsored by the Los Angeles Leather Coalition and is current training for AIDS Lifecycle. Above and beyond his outstanding service to the City Manager's office for the City of West Hollywood, his longstanding and thoughtful efforts truly speak for the betterment of our community actively supported by this very special member who gives from his heart and asks from nothing in return.
The CSW Special Community Award acknowledges an outstanding person, organization, business, etc., that is identified as deserving special recognition for exceptional reasons.
The Tweakers Project
Special Community Award
Christopher Street West would like to recognize the numerous individuals who have given their passion and soul to this amazing cause. "The Tweakers Project" is a film depicting real stories from real lives in an effort to motivate real change by bringing this silent addiction out of the closet. Crystal Meth is a dangerous and life-threatening epidemic with a 90% relapse rate in the first year for those attempting to break from its hold.
The courageous and poignant detail to which this dedicated team captures the stories, testimonies and tragic loss of affected community and family members, is creating a dialogue for education and awareness. This subject is being brought to the screen with distribution of this film to be provided at no cost to those who desperately need to see it. No advice, no preaching and no judgement… just a hope that every person touched by Crystal Meth sees a light at the end of the tunnel. Thank you Jimmy Palmieri, Sue Sexton, Yvette Sotelo and participating individuals for the sacrifice and courage it has taken to make this project a reality!
At The Beach
Special Community Award
Since its inception in 1988, when Duane Bremond and a group of friends gathered to enjoy a day "at the beach" on the 4th of July, "At The Beach" has become the nation's largest recognized Black LGBT Pride Celebration. The current festival draws over 20,000 attendees over a weeklong engagement with forty percent joining the festivities from out of state. ATB is the only event in California to exclusively encourage unity through a pride celebration as a networking forum for lesbians, gays, bisexuals and transgender individuals of African descent to increase awareness in areas such as health, civic, and community empowerment.
While Christopher Street West utilizes Los Angeles LGBT Pride as the largest gathering of the LGBT community in the country they applaud the remarkable efforts and impressive growth of ATB and the support they bring to the community. Pride is something that brings everyone from everywhere together. This special community award is presented in recognition of the desire to create a global presence of the Pride community through celebrations of varying levels and participation throughout the world. Thank you, "At The Beach", for your vision and important presence in our ever expanding community.
AIDS Project Los Angeles
Special Community Award
For almost 25 years, AIDS Project Los Angeles has been caring for people infected and families affected by this devastating disease. They are a longstanding frontrunner providing unique care and services such as founding the APLA Dental Clinic for people with AIDS who were denied services by other dentists, the Necessities of Life Program that distributes more than 12,000 bags of groceries to clients each month. They also provide other important resources including counseling, drug treatment, medical transportation, home health care, legal, insurance and public benefits issues.
Founding members Nancy Cole Sawaya, Matt Redman, Ervin Munro and Max Drew first gathered to provide a hotline from a single telephone to console an educate a frightened community. Their efforts for prevention education, influence of public policy, and development of fundraising events has been legendary. The participants of this legacy uphold an outstanding example of what can be accomplished when a community comes together with focus and compassion. Thank you, APLA, for the tremendous improvement you foster in people's lives.
The CSW Special Community Award acknowledges an outstanding person, organization, business, etc., that is identified as deserving special recognition for exceptional reasons.
Loren Ostrow
Harvey Milk Award
Constantly giving of himself, his time and his resources, Loren Ostrow utilizes his greatest gifts to contribute to the development of major community organizations. He is a leader when called to action or humbly generates support for others in roles of developing leadership. He is a giving contributor and works towards the entrusted success of diverse organizations like Kol Ami, the largest synagogue in Los Angeles, the L.A. Gay & Lesbian Center, and the National Gay and Lesbian Task Force.
Far beyond the actions and services implemented, he is a living example of courageous living. He developed a successful career in law at a prestigious downtown law firm at a time when his courageous decision to live his professional life, as an openly gay man was groundbreaking. A valuable soldier amongst the masses armed with personal strength, his noteworthy actions are an example from which others have been encouraged to embrace themselves and to be out in all aspects of their life.
The Harvey Milk Award recognizes an individual who gives of himself or herself well beyond the call of duty in countless ways. This award is dedicated to the memory of San Francisco Supervisor Harvey Milk.
Nancy Pelosi
George Moscone Award
Nancy Pelosi has represented California's Eighth District in the House of Representatives since 1987 and on January 4, 2007 was elected Speaker of the United States House of Representatives. She is the first woman to hold that position and ranks second in the line of presidential succession. Long having been an advocate for human rights, Pelosi has a proven track record for increasing educational opportunity, protecting workers, promoting health care, and focusing on environment-related issues. Her international efforts have fought to improve China's human rights record by tying trade to increased human rights standards and supporting efforts to free the people of Tibet.
One of Pelosi's first legislative victories was the creation of the Housing Opportunities for People with AIDS program. She is a strong advocate and leader for LGBT issues and has also worked to accelerate development of an HIV vaccine, release the ban on gays and lesbians in the military, expand access to Medicaid for people living with HIV, increase funding for the Ryan White CARE Act, the Minority HIV/AIDS Initiative, and other programs vital to people living with or at risk for HIV/AIDS. The global community is truly appreciative of her impeccable integrity and pronounced regard for bettering human conditions.
The George Moscone Award recognizes a non-gay individual who furthers human rights and does not shy away from involvement or speaking out on LGBT issues. This award is named for the late mayor of San Francisco, George Moscone.
Bob Tomasino
Sheldon Andelson Award
Any entrepreneur will tell you, there are few things in life more difficult than starting your own business, let alone managing 26 successful years as Bob Tomasino achieved with the famous venue Oil Can Harry's in Studio City. To the great benefit of the community, Bob has focused his personal resources and professional energies into supporting the gay community. He constantly opens the doors of his establishment to countless charities and deserving organizations that greatly benefit from his support.
His personal dedication can be seen through involvement with the Greater Los Angeles Chapter of the Golden State Gay Rodeo Association and Contestants, The Los Angeles Leather Coalition, Homestead Hospice House, and Tuesdays Child. He has taken part in everything from walks, rides, and runs benefiting the fight against HIV and AIDS and breast cancer, to disaster relief drives. Year after year his support for the largest gathering of the LGBT community in Southern California is gratefully appreciated with a beautifully decorated Country Dance Pavilion at the Los Angeles Pride festival. Thank you, Bob, for the many years of outstanding personal and professional support you have given to the community.
The Sheldon Andelson Award recognizes an individual or business that exemplifies non-discriminatory support (financial and otherwise) to the LGBT community. This award is named for Sheldon Anderson, Bank of Los Angeles founder and one of the founders of the Gay and Lesbian Community Service Center.
Samuel Borelli
Berman/Schafer Award
With heartfelt support for issues surrounding the elderly, youth of all ages, transgender individuals, public safety, community involvement, and education, Samuel Borelli truly works to build communities. Currently serving as the Operations Manager for Caring Companions, his tireless efforts to volunteer include serving on the West Hollywood Public Safety Commission, Transgender Task Force, the Sheriff's Gay and Lesbian Conference Committee and over 15 years of developing youth empowerment programs such as GLSEN, Project 10, LifeWorks Mentoring, and The Trevor Project, where he was recently elected as Vice Chairman.
It is difficult to put into words how lucky our community is to have the voice and direction of this amazing man. In the words of West Hollywood Council Member, Abbe Land, "Sam's enthusiastic commitment to serving the community shines through in every aspect of his life… he is an incredibly friendly, good-natured person who always looks for ways to serve." He inspires us all to hold our selves to a higher standard of professionalism and deeper personal involvement. Sam constantly lends a voice to disenfranchised generations and motivates the development of organizations to coexist with the greatest strategic impact on initiating real change for the community and cross partnering between organizations. The outstanding efforts from people like Samuel Borelli are what bind the coherent progress of our movement with tangible benefits appreciated by a cooperative community.
The Berman/Schaffer Award recognizes an individual or organization with a notably positive impression whose vision for the LGBT community inspires self-esteem and builds strategic partnerships. Named for Steve Berman and Ralph Shaffer, who were both active in the Los Angeles Gay Liberation Front and the Gay Community Services Center in the 1970's.
Mistress Cyan
Connie Norman Award
Introduced to The Leather Lifestyle in 1989, Mistress Cyan is a community leader making a realistic difference in this world. Within the national BDSM and Leather Community, she is known for her charity, dedication, as well as her skills with whips and a Singletail. For the last seven years, her annual Thanksgiving and Christmas Slave Auctions have raised thousands of dollars in food, supplies, toys, blankets and cash for the needy. In 2005, more than 32,000 people were fed as a result of her efforts.
Other fundraising include raising money for AIDS and breast cancer research, Sudden Infant Death Syndrome, children's cancer research, and the Los Angeles Leather Coalition. She is the founder and organizer of DomCon LA and DomCon Atlanta and the owner/operator of Sanctuary in Los Angeles. Her meaningful work has extended down to the individual lives on whom she has a positive impact – such as raising burial costs for a woman's mother who had no insurance, or funds to purchase a prosthetic leg for a woman who lost her leg in an auto accident. Thank you, Mistress Cyan, for the inclusive charity work and positive difference you make.
The Connie Norman Award recognizes an individual or organization for outstanding achievement in fostering racial, ethnic, religious and gender unity within the LGBT community. This award is named for transsexual Connie Norman, who fought tirelessly for the rights of people with HIV/AIDS.
Asian Pacific
AIDS Intervention Team
Community Grand Marshall
Celebrating their Twenty-year Anniversary, Asian Pacific AIDS Intervention Task Force (APAIT) is a recognized leader among HIV/AIDS service providers that courageously brings unique programming needs to members of a usually hidden, underserved population in Southern California. As the largest and most comprehensive Asian and Pacific Islander (API) AIDS Service Organization in Southern California they served approximately 10,000 individuals last year as an innovative leader in the fight against AIDS.
John Amaechi
Grand Marshall
Following an illustrious basketball career, including an induction into the National Basketball Hall of Fame in 2000, Amaechi was named national spokesperson for the Human Rights Campaign's Coming Out Project. He is the first NBA sports figure to have "come out" himself in his recent New York Times Best Seller book entitled Man in the Middle. After retirement from basketball in 2004, his legacy has only continued serving the international community through empowering youth programs with the creation and development of Strategic Elite Performance, International Development through Sports, FIBA Europe Youth Commission, and England Basketball.
Celebrity Grand Marshalls
Welcome to the gayest of gay ghettoes, West Laguna Beach, a trendy neighborhood with its own time zone. This is where Rick and Steve make their fabulously decorated double-income-no-children home. That is until Rick's lifelong friend, Kirsten, asks him to be the father of her child. The only catch is, Kirsten's wife, Dana, and Rick's husband are avowed mortal enemies. They bicker and bite and cheat and assassinate character and occasionally attempt manslaughter. But the ugly, bitter truth about domestic bliss never looked so cute.
Based on the hit short film by Allan Q. Brocka, Rick & Steve features the voices of Alan Cumming, Margaret Cho, Wilson Cruz, and Peter Paige.
Premieres July 10th. Only on LOGO.


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Rovers Daily is the place to find all the latest news & features from Doncaster Rovers over the past 24 hours. Here is Friday's edition…
Rovers official website look ahead to this weekend's Sky Bet Championship match against Bolton Wanderers.
Doncaster Rovers supporters can pay on the day at Bolton Wanderers (Cash Only) prices will remain the same.
Get Your Free DRFC Scratch Card
There will be a minute's applause held ahead of kick off between Bolton Wanderers & Doncaster Rovers.
Paul Dickov spoke to Rovers Player about Tuesday night's point and looks ahead to Bolton going up against fellow Scotsman Freedman.
We have received an initial allocation of 1000 tickets from Queens Park Rangers.
Richie Wellens spoke to Rovers Player in the build up to the Bolton Wanderers game this weekend.
The Match Officials have been appointed for this Saturday's fixture between Bolton Wanderers & Doncaster Rovers.

subset: commoncrawl


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I've gotten halfway decent with Raven, although when I get online to play it, I tend to run into nothing but Chreddies and Kazuyas. What is a remedy to the kickfest that is Chreddy?
I have been obsessing over Leo ever since i got the psp version .... something about her fighting style draws me in .. but i cant seem to do too many combos ... Is she good in general ? what moves does she have that are good and usable ?


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Creamy Strawberry Breakfast Crepes
- Prep Time: 10 min
- Cook Time: 20 min
- Ready Time: 60 min
- Yield: 4 servings
- 3/4 cup Pillsbury BEST® All Purpose Flour
- 2 tablespoons powdered sugar
- 1/4 teaspoon salt
- 3/4 cup milk
- 2 large eggs, lightly beaten
- 2 tablespoons Crisco® Pure Vegetable Oil
- Crisco® Original No-Stick Cooking Spray
- 2 cups low fat vanilla yogurt
- 1/4 teaspoon ground cinnamon
- 1 (12 oz.) jar Smucker's® Strawberry Preserves
- 1/4 cup chopped pecans (optional)
Preparation Directions
- COMBINE flour, sugar and salt in small bowl. Add milk, eggs and oil, whisking until smooth. Cover and refrigerate 1 hour.
- SPRAY a 6-inch skillet with no-stick cooking spray. Heat skillet. Add 1/8 cup batter, tilting skillet to make a 6-inch crepe. Cook over moderate heat 30 to 60 seconds, or until bottom is light brown. Turn crepe over. Cook 15 seconds longer. Remove to a plate. Lightly spray skillet again, if necessary. Repeat with remaining batter.
- BLEND yogurt, cinnamon and 1/4 cup preserves in small bowl; set aside. Heat remaining preserves in a microwave safe bowl, on HIGH (100% power) for 45 seconds; stir until melted and smooth.
- DIVIDE yogurt mixture between crepes, spreading it down the center of each. Fold or roll crepe over yogurt mixture. Arrange 3 crepes on each serving plate. Top with melted preserves and chopped pecans, if desired; serve.
- TIP Crepe batter and filling can be made the night before and refrigerated until ready to use. Crepes can also be cooked in quantity and frozen between sheets of waxed paper. Thaw, still wrapped, at room temperature. Proceed as directed for remaining recipe.
Nutritional Information Per Serving
Serving Size (1/4 of recipe), Calories 540 (Calories from Fat 110), Total Fat 13g (Saturated Fat 3g, Trans Fat 0g), Cholesterol 105mg, Sodium 280mg, Total Carbohydrate 96g (Dietary Fiber 1g, Sugars 74g), Protein 13g; Percent Daily Value*: Vitamin A 6%, Vitamin C 2%, Calcium 30%, Iron 10%.
*Percent Daily Values are based on a 2,000 calorie diet.


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Mandela in 'good spirits' on Christmas
94-year-old Mandela has been in hospital since Dec. 8
South African icon Nelson Mandela was in good spirits on Christmas, even though he was in the hospital, President Jacob Zuma said.
"He was happy to have visitors on this special day and is looking much better," said Zuma, who visited Mandela in a Pretoria hospital Tuesday. "The doctors are happy with the progress that he is making."
Mandela, 94, has received round-the-clock care since an acute respiratory infection in 2011. He was hospitalized for a lung infection on December 8; and on December 15, he had successful endoscopic surgery to have gallstones removed.
Mandela, the former South African president, has not appeared in public since the 2010 World Cup hosted in his country.
The Nobel Peace Prize winner spent 27 years in prison for fighting the oppression of blacks in South Africa. He became the nation's first black president in 1994, four years after he was freed.
South Africa last month launched a new batch of banknotes with a picture of a smiling Mandela on the front.
Copyright 2012 by CNN NewSource. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.


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Assault on CRISIS CENTER @ 1301 PICCARD DR, WHEATON-GLENMONT, MD |
Assault - CRISIS CENTER @ 1301 PICCARD DR, WHEATON-GLENMONT, MD
09/07/2012. |
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Mattress wars: Route 30 encounter between retail rivals ends in criminal charges (by York Dispatch)
A district sales manager for the Sleepy's mattress-store chain is facing trial for allegedly pulling business rival Mattress Warehouse's advertising signs from the ground, according to police, who said the man dropped them after being confronted by a Mattress Warehouse employee.
Crime Summary: Armed Robbery, Vehicle Theft Reported in Rockville (by Patch.com)
An armed robbery was reported in the 6000 block of California Circle in Rockville on Friday, Aug. 30 at 4:47 a.m. A residential burglary was reported in the hundred block of Waddington Lane in Rockville on Sunday, Sept.
White Plains man pleads guilty to two Montgomery County carjackings (by The Washington Post)
A White Plains man has pleaded guilty in Montgomery County Circuit Court to two carjackings that he committed last year in Rockville.
Baseball resumes near site of Navy Yard shooting (by Missourian)
The vice chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff greeted players in the Washington Nationals clubhouse before the game, handing out blue-and-gold Navy caps.
Carjacking Victim Relieved by Attacker's Guilty Plea (by NBC Washington)
A 70-year-old woman who was carjacked last year told News4 she is relieved her attacker, 28-year-old Byron Govan pleaded guilty Monday.


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Find, compare and book great hotels at great prices all at EazyTour.com
Cu Chi Tunnel is located only 70 km from Ho Chi Minh City Center in the Northwest. It is miniature battle versatile of Cu Chi's military and people during the 30-year struggle longtime and fierce to fight invading enemy to gain independence, freedom for their motherland. It also is the special architecture lying deeply underground with many stratums, nooks and crannies as complex as a cobweb, having spares for living, meeting and fighting with total lengths over 200 km. today, Cu Chi Tunnels has become one of the prime tourist attractions in Ho Chi Minh City. Real legends coming from the Tunnel are over human imaginativeness. Creeping down into the tunnel, only some yards, you can find out the reason why Vietnam – a tiny country could defeat its enemy, the large and richest country in the world. Why Cu Chi, a barren and poor land could face strongly for 21 years to the army many times crowded compared with its force, warlike and equipped modern war weapons and means. In the fight, Cu Chi people won illustriously. Thanks to the systems of tunnels, fortifications, combat trenches, soldiers and people of Cu Chi fought very bravely creating glorious feat of arms. The American invaders at first time stepped into Cu Chi land, they had to face so fierce resistances from tunnels from important and very difficult bases that they cried out, "Underground villages", "Dangerous secret zone", etc. With its war pasture, Cu Chi Tunnels become a historical war hero of Vietnamese People like a 20th century legend and famous land in the world.
Cu Chi Tunnels are divided into two places which are Ben Duoc Tunnels and Ben Dinh Tunnels. Ben Duoc Tunnels is Zone Party Committee Base & Saigon – Gia Dinh Military Zone, which is protected in Phu Hiep Hamlet, Phu My Hung Village, Cu Chi District, Ho Chi Minh City. Ben Dinh Tunnels is Cu Chi District Party Committee, which is protected in Ben Dinh Hamlet, Nhuan Duc Village, Cu Chi District, Ho Chi Minh City. Coming to Ho Chi Minh City, you should not miss the chance to join a tour visiting Cu Chi Tunnels - the historical monument to understand what the protracted and arduous struggle is. You will evidence clearly and directly an exploit of loving peace, independence and happiness at the present.


text: Accuracy, Confidentiality, and Security Moneris Solutions Corporation, along with Ernex and Giftcertificates.ca, divisions of Moneris Solutions Corporation (collectively, "Moneris") is committed to maintaining the accuracy, confidentiality, and security of your personally identifiable information ("Personal Information"). Download Privacy Brochure Ten Privacy Policy Moneris Solutions Corporation, along with Ernex and Giftcertificates.ca, divisions of Moneris Solutions Corporation (collectively, "Moneris") is committed to maintaining the accuracy, confidentiality, and security of your personally identifiable information ("Personal Information"). As part of this commitment, the following Ten Privacy Principles govern our actions as they relate to the collection, use and disclosure of Personal Information. The principles have been built upon the values set by the Canadian Standards Association's Model Code for the Protection of Personal Information and Canada's Personal Information Protection and Electronic Documents Act. Principle 1 - AccountabilityPrinciple 2 - Identifying PurposesPrinciple 3 - ConsentPrinciple 4 - Limiting CollectionPrinciple 5 - Limiting Use, Disclosure and RetentionPrinciple 6 - AccuracyPrinciple 7 - Safeguarding Customer InformationPrinciple 8 - OpennessPrinciple 9 - Customer AccessPrinciple 10 - Handling Customer Complaints and SuggestionsPrinciple 1 - AccountabilityMoneris is responsible for maintaining and protecting the Personal Information under its control. Moneris has designated an individual or individuals who is/are accountable for compliance with the Ten Privacy Principles. Principle 2 - Identifying PurposesThe purposes for which Personal Information is collected will be identified before or at the time the information is collected. Principle 3 - ConsentKnowledge and consent are required for the collection, use or disclosure of Personal Information except where required or permitted by law. Principle 4 - Limiting CollectionThe Personal Information collected will be limited to those details necessary for the purposes identified by Moneris. Principle 5 - Limiting Use, Disclosure and RetentionPersonal Information may only be used or disclosed for the purpose for which it was collected unless you have otherwise consented, or when it is required or permitted by law. Personal information will only be retained for the period of time required to fulfill the purpose for which it was collected or as required by law.Principle 6 - AccuracyPersonal Information will be maintained in as accurate, complete and up-to-date form as is necessary to fulfill the purposes for which it is to be used. Principle 7 - Safeguarding Customer InformationPersonal Information will be protected by security safeguards that are appropriate to the sensitivity level of the information. Principle 8 - OpennessMoneris will make information available to our customers concerning the policies and practices that apply to the management of their Personal Information. Principle 9 - Customer AccessUpon request, a customer shall be informed of the existence, use and disclosure of their Personal Information, and shall be given access to it. Customers may verify the accuracy and completeness of their Personal Information, and may request that it be amended, if appropriate.Principle 10 - Handling Customer Complaints and SuggestionsCustomers may direct any questions or enquiries with respect to the privacy principles outlined above or about our practices by contacting: Moneris Solutions Privacy OfficerP.O. Box 219, Station DToronto, ON M6P 3J8Phone: 1-866-319-7450Fax: 416-734-1754Email: email@example.com Moneris is able to provide you with any information or correct any inaccuracies, however, we may ask you to verify your identity and to provide other details to help us to respond to your request. We will endeavour to respond within an appropriate timeframe.If you have questions or concerns regarding our organization's privacy policy and practices, you should first contact Moneris directly. If you do not receive acknowledgment of your inquiry or your inquiry has not been satisfactorily addressed, you should then contact the Privacy Commissioner's Office at http://www.privcom.gc.ca (or 112 Kent Street, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 1H3), who will then serve as a liaison with Moneris to resolve your concerns. Websites Governed by this Privacy Policy The websites that are governed by the provisions and practices stated in this privacy policy are: http://www.moneris.com http://www.ernex.com http://www.giftcertificates.ca http://www.eselectplus.ca http://morris.moneris.com http://www.myretailer.ca Other Websites The foregoing websites may contain links to other third party sites that are not governed by this privacy policy. Although we endeavor to only link to sites with high privacy standards, our privacy policy will no longer apply once you leave these websites. Additionally, we are not responsible for the privacy practices employed by other third party websites. Therefore, we suggest that you examine the privacy statements of those sites to learn how your information may be collected, used, shared and disclosed. What Information is Collected? At Moneris, we collect, use and disclose Personal Information to provide you with the services you have requested and to offer you additional products and services we believe you might be interested in. Providing us with your Personal Information is always your choice. The types of Personal Information we may ask for depends on the nature of the services we provide you and typically includes your name, address, telephone number and e-mail address.When you visit the Moneris websites, Personal Information is not collected unless you choose to provide it voluntarily. You are welcome to browse the websites at any time anonymously and privately without revealing any personal information about yourself. For purposes of maintaining quality service, calls to any of our customer service lines may be recorded. A recorded message given prior to your call being answered will let you know if your call may be the subject of our random call recording quality assurance program. Type of Information We Collect Personal InformationMost of the Personal Information we collect comes to us directly from you, and only with your consent. With your consent, we may collect Personal Information from you in person, over the telephone or by corresponding with you via mail, facsimile, the Internet, or from referrals by third parties such as your financial institution. When you visit the Giftcertificates.ca website, we may also collect from you Personal Information about another individual in order to send them a gift certificate. As noted, the choice to provide us with Personal Information is always yours. However, your decision to withhold particular details may limit our ability to provide you with any of our services. If we are unable to accommodate your request based on the information that has been provided to us, we may ask for additional details in order to identify other ways to be of assistance. Moneris also maintains a file containing contact history that is used for customer inquiry purposes. Anonymous/Non-Personal Information At Moneris, we also collect anonymous/non-personal information. Anonymous/non-personal information is information that we do not associate with or trace back to a specific individual or business entity. For example, our web servers collect some anonymous/non-personal information automatically when you visit one of our websites. Gathered electronically, this information may include the pages you visited, the type of web browser you are using, the level of encryption your browser supports and your Internet Protocol address. The anonymous/non-personal information collected may be used for research and analytical purposes and occasionally for security investigations. To help us better understand our markets, we may also gather information for analytical purposes by conducting customer surveys, and by extracting demographic information from existing files. Consent Your provision of Personal Information to us means that: (a) you agree and consent that we may collect, use and disclose your Personal Information in accordance with this policy; and (b) you or your representatives are authorized to provide us with your Personal Information. If you do not agree with these terms, you and your representatives are requested not to provide any Personal Information to Moneris. Certain services can only be offered if you provide Personal Information to Moneris. Consequently, if you and your representatives choose not to provide us with any required Personal Information, we may not be able to offer you certain services. When Information May be Disclosed to Outside Parties We are obliged to keep your Personal Information confidential except when authorized by you, when required by law and when permitted by law. At Moneris, we sometimes contract outside organizations to perform specialized services such as terminal delivery and repair, and shipping and fulfillment services. Our trusted service suppliers may at times be responsible for processing and handling some of the information we receive from you.When we contract our suppliers to provide specialized services, they are given only the information necessary to perform those services. Additionally, they are prohibited from storing, analyzing or using that information for purposes other than to carry out the service they have been contracted to provide. Furthermore, as part of our agreements, our suppliers and their employees and representatives are required to protect your information in a manner that is consistent with the privacy policies and practices that we have established.When Required by LawThe type of information we are legally required to disclose may relate to criminal investigations or government tax reporting requirements. In some instances such as a legal proceeding or court order, we may also be required to disclose certain information to authorities. Only the information specifically requested is disclosed and we take precautions to satisfy ourselves that the authorities that are making the request have legitimate grounds to do so. When Permitted by LawThere are some situations where we are legally permitted to disclose personal information such as employing reasonable and legal methods to enforce our rights under our agreements, to collect a delinquent account or investigate suspicion of illegal activities. With Whom We May Share Your Information Our Employees and Contractors In the course of daily operations, access to private, sensitive and confidential information is restricted to authorized employees who have a legitimate business purpose and reason for accessing it. For example, when you call us, our designated employees will access your information to verify who you are and to assist you in fulfilling your requests. As a condition of their employment and their independent contractor agreement respectively, all employees and independent contractors of Moneris are informed about the importance of privacy and are required to abide by the privacy standards we have established. They are also required to work within the principles of ethical behaviour as set out in the relevant Code of Conduct and must follow all applicable laws and regulations. Unauthorized access to and/or disclosure of customer information by an employee of Moneris is strictly prohibited. All employees and independent contractors are expected to maintain the confidentiality of customer information at all times and failing to do so will result in appropriate disciplinary measures, which may include dismissal. 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COLORADO SPRINGS, COLO. -- A 200 pound black bear had to be tranquilized and removed from a two-story tree in a Colorado Springs neighborhood Sunday evening.
The entire event was caught on video.
It happened around 7:30 p.m. near the intersection of Chelton and Airport.
The Colorado Springs Fire Department, with the help of the Colorado Division of Parks and Wildlife, removed the bear.
It had to be lowered to the ground with ropes and the fire department's ladders.
Residents in the area were shocked a bear wandered so far into the city.


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For more information on Forest Safety click here
This loop has no water. Water is available in the campground.
Although the site may fit more vehicles, this reservation includes up to one (1) vehicle and one (1) towable in single site. Any additional vehicles must be paid for within 30 minutes of arrival.


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Just the mention of Lanna Thai triggers enthusiastic responses and sighs of satisfaction.
In their new location on south Memorial, Lanna Thai continues the Tulsa tradition of fantastic Thai cuisine in a comfortable atmosphere and with warm Asian hospitality.
Warm greetings are always part of entering Lanna Thai, which was the case this evening. The hostess offered us a booth, and our server welcomed us soon afterwards.
The menu is seemingly endless with pages of Appetizers, Soups, Salads, as well as entrées such as Fried Rice and Noodle, Seafood, Stir-Fried and curry flooding the mind with options.
Wisely, the dishes are numbered. No one wants to be stumbling over trying to pronounce Lanna Gang Juerd Mhoo-Sub, Pla-Nurng Kiam-Buay or Khao-Nuea Sunka-Ya. These names add to the exotic and traditional Asian appeal of Lanna Thai, coupled with the serving staff, dining here is a pleasant trip across the globe.
We began with sharing No. 1 on the menu, Lanna Spring Rolls ($4.95). Spring roll wrappers are filled with chicken, carrots, celery, ear mushrooms, clear noodles, cilantro, garlic and black pepper then deep fried. Served with the special Lanna sweet and sour sauce, these rolls were just the beginning of what was to come.
They were very crispy and tightly assembled, and with a dip in the sauce, the taste was earthy, with no one flavor stealing the show.
We then took our server's recommendation of No. 9, Tom Kha Gai ($8.95), a soup entrée that was simply exquisite.
The soup is described as a tart and spicy chicken soup with galangal, kaffir lime leaves, lemon grass, onions, mushrooms, tomatoes, tamarind juice and coconut milk.
Galangal is an ancient spice, particularly used in Thai cuisine for its fragrant properties and peppery taste and has been known to have a warming effect on the body.
Used often in Southeast Asian cuisine, kaffir lime leaves are used because they are highly citrus and aromatic. Taken from the fruit of the tamarind tree, tamarind juice has a sour and sweet taste and is often used as a drink in itself.
With these and the other ingredients, this soup was beyond words. The texture was silky and the coconut milk soars to the top with its rich, slightly sweet flavor. Each bite was an explosion of flavors, as one of my dining companions expressed. Fresh cilantro added freshness to this simple yet complex soup. It has a full, deep flavor, and it warms the spirit.
We next shared No. 25, a selection from the Fried Rice and Noodles entrees, Lanna Khao Pad Goong ($11.95).
This is a dish of Thai fried rice with jumbo shrimp, green peas, carrots, onions and tomatoes and then topped with a fried egg and some green onions. It is served with a clear soup.
Another consideration when ordering is to be prepared to request how hot you want to go with each dish: zero for not hot at all; one asterisk (*) for mild; two asterisks for medium; three for hot and five for extra hot. For my dishes this evening, I either went with hot or extra hot.
For this dish, I took it to the limit with extra hot. The shrimp did not let us down. They were very hot, yet tolerable--to those not put off with a little brow sweat. The shrimp were large and the taste was fiery but ideal for this dish. The rice was prepared perfectly-- loose with a slightly firm texture.
The fried egg on top was an extra treat for me as I chopped it into my rice. The clear soup, seemingly a chicken-broth base, was used as more of a dressing to drizzle over each of serving. It added a smoother texture and another level of flavor.
Our next dish to share was No. 55, Gang Dang ($10.95). From the Curry entrées, this dish consisted of our choice of chicken, pork or beef with carrots, sweet peas, bamboo shoots, bell peppers, green beans and sweet basil. This is cooked in red curry paste and coconut milk and served with steamed Thai jasmine rice.
We found this dish refreshing and healthy with the coconut not as sweet as might be expected. Again, I chose extra hot sauce, which we said has a one-two punch in each bite.
We chose beef which was thinly sliced and worked well with the parade of ingredients in this dish.
The curry was there but did not steal the show; it just added more explosive heat to the dish.
One final dish we had was the Goong Kratiam Prik-Tai ($13.95), No. 63. These jumbo shrimp were marinated with a garlic-pepper paste then stir-fried. Cucumbers and tomatoes were served on the side and topped with fresh cut cilantro.
White rice was served with this dish. The shrimp was fresh and crisp and had a defined garlic taste. The cucumber and cilantro added a fresh summery taste.
The service was superb -- friendly and most accommodating to our dining needs. Something important to note is a simple request of your server and most of the menu items might be prepared as vegetarian dishes.
The bar is fully stocked here with a decent selection of wines, dessert wines, ports, bubbly Dom Perignon, Martinis, Sake, beers, coffee drinks and signature cocktails (Alabama Slammer, Blue Hawaiian, Chi Chi, Purple Thai, My My Mai Tai).
Lanna Thai Restaurant
7227 S. Memorial Drive
Sun.-Thurs. 11am-10pm
Fri.-Sat. 11am-11pm
Atmosphere ****
Food *****
Service ****
Subscriptions Available at $124/yr.
Please allow 4-6 weeks for processing. No refunds are issued. Back issues are available for $10/copy.
We accept Visa, M/C, checks and money orders. Call to charge by phone 918-592-5550. Enter your contact information in the form below and we will contact you.
If ordering by mail, make checks and money orders payable to Urban Tulsa Weekly. Send your payment along with your complete postal delivery address to Urban Tulsa Weekly, Attn: Samantha, PO Box 50499, Tulsa, OK 74150
Urban Tulsa Weekly 1924 E. 6th St. Tulsa OK 74104 Phone: (918) 592-5550 Fax: (918) 592-5970 e-mail: Subscriptions


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EditBasic Person: Lee Loofbourow 1 Age in 1930: 7 1 Birth: Estimated Birth Year: 1923 1 Residence: Place: MULTNOMAH County, Oregon 1 From: 1930 1 Enumeration District: PORTLAND CITY, ELECTION PCT 285 1/2 1
Looking for more information about Lee Loofbourow? Search through millions of records to find out more. Find more records
Anyone can contribute to this page. Please sign in or sign up—it's free. Created: 13 Sep 2012 Modified: 13 Oct 2013 Page Views: 113 total (6 this week)
loofboja641 uncleLee Thorpe Loofbourow is the brother of my father Thomas Richard Loofbourow. Uncle Lee was a musician who was was a member of the Portland Oregon symphony. When World War 2 broke out he enlisted in the US Navy and served under Admiral Halsey. He was self employed after the military and was a watch repairman and shared an antique store with his sister Betty Loofbourow Kimball. Added by loofboja641 13 Sep 2012 loofboja641 uncleBrother to my dad Thomas Richard Loofbourow Added by loofboja641 24 Jan 2013


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text:
Browsing Environmental Science by Issue Date
Now showing items 1-20 of 52
Next Page-
Kalabamu, F.T. (Elsevier Science Ltd. http://www.elsevier.com/locate/landusepol, NaN, 2000)[more][less]
Abstract: Since attainment of independence, almost every country in East and Southern Africa has introduced some kind of land reform aimed at reconciling indigenous land tenure practices and those introduced by colonial regimes. The reforms have centred on modi"cation of tenurial rules on access, ownership, administration and transfer of land rights coupled with land redistribution and/or restitution in some countries. With the exception of a few countries, such as Botswana, land reforms have largely remained on statute books with little to show on the ground. The paper gives an overview of land reforms in East and Southern Africa, taking Botswana as a case study. It notes that although Botswana has largely been successful in implementing land reforms, it is currently experiencing land tenure problems, especially in peri-urban settlements and inner city low-income areas, despite government's enhanced control over local land administrative structures. The paper ends with suggestions on how to contain the current problems. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/1134 Files in this item: 1
Kalabamu_LUP_2000.pdf (1.757Mb) -
Kgathi, D.L.; Bolaane, B. (Sage http://wmr.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/19/4/342, NaN, 2001)[more][less]
Abstract: Sustainable solid waste management is a strategy for achieving environmental quality in both the developed and the developing world. Environmental quality is a necessary condition for an increase in per capita welfare over time. The paper suggests alternative instruments for solid waste reduction, re-use and recycling. But to be able to apply the suggested economic instruments, the quantities and composition of the waste must be known. Having identified the current instruments of Botswana's solid waste management (regulatory measures, environmental education, and economic instruments of property rates, service levy, and sanitation fees), the paper argues that these do not go far enough in enhancing environmental protection. Alternative instruments such as solid waste collection and disposal levies, deposit refund schemes, and product levies are suggested. It is also suggested that public environmental education and regulatory measures should be strengthened. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/480 Files in this item: 1
Kgathi_WMR_2001.pdf (1.278Mb) -
Moleele, N.; Ringrose, S.; Arnberg, W.; Lunden, B.; Vanderpost, C. (Taylor and Francis http://www.clas.ufl.edu/lueci/southworth/RS-class-advanced/Discussion-readings/Moleele%20et%20al%202001%20Assessment%20of%20veg%20indexes%20i.pdf, NaN, 2001)[more][less]
Abstract: Considerable signi® cance is placed on the mapping and monitoring of degraded areas in semi-arid regions of the world, including Botswana. Degraded areas include those suVering from bush encroachment, believed to result from heavy cattle grazing over a number of years. However, certain bush encroachment species have been found to be relatively nutrient-rich.The present work considers the extent to which a series of quanti® ed layers throughmainly bush encroachment canopies can be identi® ed using conventional and newly derived vegetation indexes and transforms based on Thematic Mapper (TM) imagery. Field work involved the strati® cation of green biomass into ® rstly the herbaceous cover layer; secondly the 0.3± 1.5m browse layer; then the 1.5± 2.5m browse layer; and ® nally the >2.5m browse layer. Biomass measurements from these layers were statistically associated with conventional vegetation indexes and transforms such as the NormalizedDiVerenceVegetation Index (NDVI), brightness and greenness values, and relatively newly derived darkening indexes involving the mid-infrared bands. When green biomass and transformed pixel data were averaged per classi® ed vegetation unit, weak negative correlations emerged between grass biomass and the transformed pixel data and no signi® cant correlations developed with the woody biomass (browse) layers. However, when point data were used in the analyses, results showed that most indexes and the brightness transform were signi® cantly correlated with the lower browse layer. Only the darkening indexes and brightness function were sensitive to the browse layers individually and the browse plus grass layers. This work shows the limitations of conventional indexes such as the NDVI in terms of browse and herbaceous layer assessment. New indexes for forage assessment based on relationships between the mid-infrared bands, such as those found in the new MODIS TERRA platform, are urgently required for semi-arid areas. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/410 Files in this item: 1
Moleele_IJRS_2001.pdf (903.7Kb) -
Toteng, E.N. (Springer http://www.springerlink.com/index/05CM7XY4DJGUEUQL.pdf, NaN, 2001)[more][less]
Abstract: For the last three and half decades, Botswana has been widely acclaimed to be one of sub-Saharan Africa's longest and most stable liberal democracies, coupled with and sustained by a growing economy. One of the major contradictions, however, within this development scenario, has been the neglect of environmental problems in the country in general, and urban environmental issues in particular. Part of the problem fueling the misconception of environmental issues in Botswana is the state's domination of the country's environmental agenda. This is linked to the power disjunction in decision-making and policy processes between state and nonstate actors over the most appropriate course of action to tackle the problems. Without adopting appropriate analytical frameworks, it is possible that the problem of urban environmental mismanagement in Botswana will persist. This article examines some of the major urban environmental issues in Botswana from neighborhood, citywide, and urban–rural interface perspectives. Further, the elite theory of public policy is used to explain constraints on policy change in the urban environmental management arena in Botswana URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/365 Files in this item: 1
Toteng_EM_2001.pdf (933Kb) -
Gwebu, T.D. (Taylor & Francis Ltd, http://www.tandf.co.uk/journals/cepe, NaN, 2002)[more][less]
Abstract: In sub-Saharan Africa, communal land resource utilization and management has reflected changes in sociocultural belief systems, population dynamics, and modes of societal administration and regulation. This paper, based on archival evidence, attempts to substantiate this assumption through an illustrative case study on biomass depletion around large settlements in Botswana. It also suggests that a revisit to certain traditional institutional and sociocultural practices on natural resource management might provide useful insights towards the sustainable utilization of wood resources. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/959 Files in this item: 1
Gwebu_EPE_2002.pdf (597.0Kb) -
Gwebu, T.D. (Kluwer Academic Publishers, http://www.springerlink.com/content/102895/, NaN, 2002)[more][less]
Abstract: Like most African countries, Botswana contributes almost insignificantly to global greenhouse emissions (GHGs). In this context, some have argued that energy policy and legislative measures to regulate emissions in Botswana should not be accorded high priority. This is a misguided view when one considers that each country, no matter how under-industrialized, contributes to the overall global emission problem. Moreover, the least developed countries will have to industrialize in order to meet the increasing economic and social needs of their growing populations. For rapidly growing economies like Botswana, whose annual energy demand is projected to increase by about 4% for the next ten years, the importance of compiling accurate inventories of sources and sinks of GHGs and formulating environmentally-friendly policies can hardly be over- emphasized. The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) provides the ideal basis for the country-by-country investigations and management of global climatic change; specifically its nature, properties, directionality, characteristics and probable consequences. Botswana was a founding signatory of UNFCCC in 1992 and ratified the Convention in 1994. The country is also involved in regional cooperation efforts, within the Southern African Development Community, to enforce regulatory mechanisms to minimize GHG emissions from the energy sector. There exist certain energy-related institutions, policies, and regulations in the country which could mitigate the impact of GHG emissions on global warming. This paper, based on government and other relevant documentation, critically analyses Botswana's energy sector policies in as far as they affect climate change. It is clear that much still needs to be done about energy policies in terms of proper formulation, monitoring, co-ordination, energy pricing and the exploration of energy alternatives to mitigate potentially negative impacts on climate change. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/958 Files in this item: 1
Gwebu_GJ_2002.pdf (1.010Mb) -
Gwebu, T.D. (Pergamon, www.elsevier.com/locate/habitatint, NaN, 2002)[more][less]
Abstract: In most sub-Sahara African cities, rapid urbanization has placed a heavy burden on available human, financial and socioeconomic resources. The problem has been compounded by the intricate and interactive effects of rapid population growth, the inability of local authorities to handle the increasingly complex functions of metropolitan management, centralization of decision-making by Central Governments, economic structural adjustment programmes, and even unfavourable variations in weather patterns. This is a historical case study, covering the period of roughly from 1989 to 1995. It is based on secondary sources, participation by the author in water supply feasibility investigations for Bulawayo, Zimbabwe, and views expressed in stakeholders' meetings. It illustrates specifically how civic response has challenged the Central Government of Zimbabwe to review and revise its long-term water provisioning strategy for this municipal authority. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/495 Files in this item: 1
GWEBU2002urbanWaters.pdf (1.681Mb) -
Gwebu, T.D. (Pergamon, www.elsevier.com/locate/habitatint, NaN, 2003)[more][less]
Abstract: This study investigates the profile, dynamics and dimensions ofenvironm ental problems at Old Naledi, a low income urban neighbourhood in Gaborone, the capital city ofBotsw ana. It is based on documentary and field research. The field research has a participatory component involving meetings, discussions and open- ended interviews with the interested and affected persons. It also involves the administration of a structured survey questionnaire to 171 resident respondents. The main findings ofthe study are that residents have made great efforts in improving the availability of the housing stock. However, in the process they have failed to abide by the stipulated Development Control code and Urban Development Standards. This essentially reflects the increasing non-affordability of land and costs of construction materials to urban low income groups due to evolving state policy in the provisioning ofshelt er. The direct result has been a congested, overcrowded settlement. Because ofthis , and a rapidly increasing population, there has been underservicing and the emergence oflif e-threatening home and neighbourhood environmental problems. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/496 Files in this item: 1
GWEBU2003Environmental Problems.pdf (2.409Mb) -
Gwebu, T.D. (Springer http://www.springerlink.com/index/3NU5AFH2F999FM9P.pdf -, NaN, 2003)[more][less]
Abstract: Based on government and other relevant documentation, this paper explores the conceptual linkage between population, development, and waste management in Botswana and the implications of this relationship for global climate change. Population is increasing, albeit at a decreasing rate. Spatially, the population is becoming more and more concentrated as the rates and level of urbanization increase. Economic growth has remained consistently high. The combined effect of population dynamics and economic development are having a noticeable imprint on the environment in the form of increased waste generation. Poor waste management poses a real threat to environmental sustainability in general and climate change in particular because of inadequate technology, weak institutional mechanisms to enforce regulations, and low levels of sensitization among the public to deal with the problem. Mitigation measures are suggested to minimize the negative effects of waste management on climate change. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/478 Files in this item: 1
Gwebu_EM_2003.pdf (459.8Kb) -
Moleele, N.M.; Mainah, J. (Elsevier http://www.linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0140196302910992, NaN, 2003)[more][less]
Abstract: The Kalahari ecosystem is characterized by natural resource conflicts and land-use pressure resulting from intensification of human activities. This paper addresses three issues of concern associated with the Kalahari ecosystem resource management: (i) the major land-use/land cover shifts in the Kalahari ecosystem since 1970 and the resulting pattern in vegetation species composition, cover and density; (ii) the possible explanations for the observed shifts; and (iii) the possible resource conflicts likely to arise. Data collection involved the comparison of two sets of panchromatic photographs along two transects (Hukunsti–Ngwatle and Tshane–Tsabong) to study land-use/cover shifts that have occurred in the Kalahari ecosystem between 1971 and 1986. Secondly, the nature of possible conflicts resulting from population pressure and associated patterns of land-use was investigated by making observations on selected environmental variables along a 300km transect with diverse environments comprising different-sized settlements, vegetation communities and land-uses. Land-use/land cover shifts have occurred within the Kalahari ecosystem as evidenced by the two transects analysed in this paper. The main changes are the retreat of grass cover up to 18 kms from settlements and the increase in thorny and non-thorny woody encroachers closer to the settlements. In the Matsheng area, land-use/land cover gradients reflect marked differences in human pressure. For instance, while settlements (kraals/households) and fields around Tshane (smaller and dwindling settlement) have declined to 5% at the 4 km distance in 1986, these landuses account for 22?3% of land cover at 4 km around Hukuntsi (bigger and expanding village). Five major vegetation communities were identified using key plant species during the dry season. However, these communities do not have distinct land-use activities associated with them. Cattle densities were higher in communities found far away from settlements and water points where the grass cover was abundant. Cattle graze far from settlements to obtain quality fodder and trek to the water points around village pans or at cattle posts. There are no definite boundaries between vegetation communities and land-use activities, hence a lot of interaction between activities of these zones depends on the dispersion of resources. Shifts in land-use/cover changes can be accounted for by anthropogenic activities (arable agriculture, livestock grazing and human settlements) enhanced by natural factors like seasonal variations and prolonged droughts of the mid-1980s. It is argued in this paper that potential remedial measures include biosphere conservation areas, resource zoning and resource modeling plans to determine land suitability. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/411 Files in this item: 1
Moleele_JAE_2003.pdf (1.813Mb) -
Mubyana, T.; Krah, M.; Totolo, O.; Bonyongo, M. (Journal of Arid Environments. http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/622855/description#description, NaN, 2003)[more][less]
Abstract: The effect of flooding on soil total nitrogen, phosphorus and microbial population in different vegetation zones (floodplain, island and woodland) and profile depth (0?1, 0?5, 2?0, 3?0, 4?0 and 5?0m) of the Okavango Delta was studied from February to July 1999. Total nitrogen significantly differed with soil profile depth, moisture regime and months. In the woodlands, insignificant total nitrogen was detected at all depths except at 0?1m, where 0?03% and 1?17% were detected in February and March, respectively. In the island samples, only 0?05% was detected at 4m in February. Nitrogen in the floodplain samples was concentrated in the A1 horizon where 0?12%, 0?61% and 0?03% were detected in February, March, and May, respectively. Organic phosphorus significantly differed with vegetation zone but not with months and depth. Although organic phosphorus was low (0?02–0?52%) at all sites, it was liberally distributed throughout the profiles. On the island, actinomycetes were only detected up to 2m in February and up to 3m in July. Fungi concentrated in the top 0?5m (103–105). In both the floodplain and island samples, bacteria concentrated in the upper 3m. However, after May, populations decreased significantly. In the floodplain, significant actinomycetes populations were only detected in the upper 0?5m. Generally, organic phosphorus showed positive correlations with fungal populations. This study indicates that these soils are low in total nitrogen and phosphorus. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/293 Files in this item: 1
Influence of seasonal flooding.pdf (3.953Mb) -
Totolo, O.; Chanda, R. (Elsevier Science Ltd, http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/622855/description#description, NaN, 2003)[more][less]
Abstract: The collection of papers in this special edition of the Journal of Arid Environments is a sequel to a Workshop held in Maun, Botswana, in October 2000, on the theme Climate Change, Biodiversity and Multi-species Production Systems in the Kalahari Region. Constituting only about one-third of the workshop papers delivered, this set of articles survived a rigorous peer-review process and are being published as one of the planned outputs of the Maun meeting. Except for the keynote paper by Darkoh which is a review article with a continental purview, the collection is based on research conducted by natural and social scientists within the Southern African Kalahari region either as part of the Southern African Science Initiative (SAFARI 2000) co-ordinated from the University of Virginia in the U.S.A. or of the Kalahari Transect project based at the University of Botswana. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/316 Files in this item: 1
Chipanshi, A.C.; Chanda, R.; Totolo, O. (Springer http://www.springerlink.com/content/p88867543584713, NaN, 2004)[more][less]
Abstract: This study examines the sensitivity of maize and sorghum crops to global warming in Botswana, a country with arid climatic conditions and shortfalls in locally produced grain. The vulnerability of the maize and sorghum crops to climate change were studied using crop simulation models while climate change scenarios were generated from Global Circulation Models. Simulated yields indicated that rain-fed crop production under the observed climate was a small fraction of what could be produced under optimal conditions. The gap was attributed to both physical (especially lack of rain) and socio-economic constraints. Using the southern African core climate change scenario, simulated yields declined by 36% in the case of maize and 31% for sorghum in the sand veldt region. Yield reductions from the hard veldt region were in the order of 10% for both maize and sorghum. The growing season became shorter, the average reduction in days in the sand veldt region being 5 and 8 days for maize and sorghum respectively, and correspondingly, 3 and 4 days over the hard veldt region. The food security option currently followed in Botswana was found to be a good adaptive strategy under a changed climate. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/412 Files in this item: 1
chipanshi_CC_2003.pdf (1.144Mb) -
Gumbricht, T.; Wolski, P.; Frost, P.; McCarthy, T.S. (Elsevier http://www.doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2003.11.010, NaN, 2004)[more][less]
Abstract: The pristine Okavango Delta wetland of northern Botswana is potentially under threat due to water abstraction from its tributaries. We have developed a statistical model which makes it possible to predict the extent of wetland loss which will arise from water abstraction. The model also permits prediction of the maximum area of flooding, and its spatial distribution, three months in advance of the flood maximum. The model was calibrated using maximum areas of seasonal inundation extracted from satellite imagery covering the period 1985–2000, which were correlated with rainfall and total flood discharge. A technique was developed to translate the modelled flood area into a flood map. The methodology can predict maximum area of flooding and its distribution with better than 90% accuracy. An important, although relatively minor, source of error in the spatial distribution of the flood arises from a secular change in flood distribution in the distal Delta which has taken place over the last 15 years. Reconstruction of flooding history back to 1934 suggests that the Delta may be subject to a quasi 80 year climatic oscillation. If this oscillation continues, the extent of flooding will increase in the coming decades. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/428 Files in this item: 1
Gumbricht_JH_2004.pdf (1.267Mb) -
Swatuk, L. A.; Rahm, D. (Elsevier, http://www.linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1474706504001834, NaN, 2004)[more][less]
Abstract: Botswana is generally regarded as an African success story. Nearly four decades of unabated economic growth, multi-party democracy, conservative decision-making and low-levels of corruption have made Botswana the darling of the international donor community. One consequence of rapid and sustained economic development is that water resources use and demands have risen dramatically in a primarily arid/semi-arid environment. Policy makers recognize that supply is limited and that deliberate steps must be taken to manage demand. To this end, and in line with other members of the Southern African Development Community (SADC), Botswana devised a National Water Master Plan (NWMP) and undertook a series of institutional and legal reforms throughout the 1990s so as to make water resources use more equitable, efficient and sustainable. In other words, the stated goal is to work toward Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) in both policy and practice. However, policy measures have had limited impact on de facto practice. This paper reflects our efforts to understand the disjuncture between policy and practice. The information presented here combines a review of primary and secondary literatures with key informant interviews. It is our view that a number of constraints—cultural, power political, managerial—combine to hinder efforts toward sustainable forms of water resources use. If IWRM is to be realized in the country, these constraints must be overcome. This, however, is no small task. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/405 Files in this item: 1
Swatuk_PCE_2004.pdf (1.142Mb) -
Phuthego, T.C.; Chanda, R. (Elsevier http://www.linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S014362280300033X, NaN, 2004)[more][less]
Abstract: The advent of community-based natural resource management (CBNRM) in Botswana in the late 1980s ushered in a new paradigm in natural resource management. The strategy marked a change from state-controlled to community-controlled wildlife management. The expectation is that under community control, local expertise on biodiversity, termed in this paper as traditional ecological knowledge (TEK), plays a significant role that is supposedly facilitated through local institutions and traditional practices. This paper examines the incorporation of TEK in the CBNRM projects in KD 1, which is a controlled-hunting area (CHA) in the north-western part of the Kgalagadi North sub-district, Botswana and illustrates that the projects acknowledge and demonstrate the utility value of TEK in sustainable natural resource management. It concludes that TEK systems and institutions could serve as entry points into sustainable natural resource utilisation and management. This could be achieved through the exploration of cultural practices of the local people and integrating useful aspects into the modern natural resource management expertise. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/418 Files in this item: 1
Phuthego_AG_2004.pdf (1.867Mb) -
Mbaiwa, J.E. (Channel view publications, http://www.multilingual-matters.net/jtc/default.htm, NaN, 2004)[more][less]
Abstract: The objective of this article is to assess the socio-cultural impacts of tourism development in the Okavango Delta, Botswana. This paper largely relied on the research work and reports by the author in the Okavango Delta from 1998 to 2004. In all instances, both primary and secondary data sources were used. However, much of the paper is based on the results of a survey carried out between April 2001 and July 2002. Findings indicate that tourism development in the Okavango Delta has both positive and negative socio-cultural impacts. Some of the positive socio-cultural impacts include income generation and employment opportunities from both community-based tourism projects and safari companies, infrastructure development such as airport and airstrips, tarred roads, hotels, lodges and camps, the improvement of social services such as banking, health, telecommunications and access to electricity. The negative socio-cultural impacts include enclave tourism, racism, relocation of traditional communities, breaking up of the traditional family structure, increase in crime, prostitution, the adoption of the Western safari style of dressing and a traditionally unacceptable 'vulgar' language by young people. This article argues that tourism needs to be sensitive to local cultural norms and beliefs for it to be accepted by local people and promote sustainable development. This is possible if all the stakeholders (government, operators and local people) collaborate in policy formulation, implementation and monitoring. This can minimise the negative cultural impacts and instead promote the positive. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/311 Files in this item: 1
Aranibar, J.N.; Otter, L.; Macko, S.A.; Feral, C.J.W.; Epstein, H.E.; Dowty, P.R.; Eckardt, F.; Shugart, H.H.; Swap, R.J. (Blackwell Publishing, January 1, 2004)[more][less]
Abstract: Nitrogen (N) cycling was analyzed in the Kalahari region of southern Africa, where a strong precipitation gradient (from 978 to 230mm mean annual precipitation) is the main variable affecting vegetation. The region is underlain by a homogeneous soil substrate, the Kalahari sands, and provides the opportunity to analyze climate effects on nutrient cycling. Soil and plant N pools, 15N natural abundance (d15N), and soil NO emissions were measured to indicate patterns of N cycling along a precipitation gradient. The importance of biogenic N2 fixation associated with vascular plants was estimated with foliar d15N and the basal area of leguminous plants. Soil and plant N was more 15N enriched in arid than in humid areas, and the relation was steeper in samples collected during wet than during dry years. This indicates a strong effect of annual precipitation variability on N cycling. Soil organic carbon and C/N decreased with aridity, and soil N was influenced by plant functional types. Biogenic N2 fixation associated with vascular plants was more important in humid areas. Nitrogen fixation associated with trees and shrubs was almost absent in arid areas, even though Mimosoideae species dominate. Soil NO emissions increased with temperature and moisture and were therefore estimated to be lower in drier areas. The isotopic pattern observed in the Kalahari (15N enrichment with aridity) agrees with the lower soil organic matter, soil C/N, and N2 fixation found in arid areas. However, the estimated NO emissions would cause an opposite pattern in d15N, suggesting that other processes, such as internal recycling and ammonia volatilization, may also affect isotopic signatures. This study indicates that spatial, and mainly temporal, variability of precipitation play a key role on N cycling and isotopic signatures in the soil–plant system. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/577 Files in this item: 1
ARANIBAR2004NITROGEN CYCLING.pdf (2.135Mb) -
Bernard, T.; Moetapele, N. (Elsevier http://www.doi:10.1016/j.jaridenv.2005.02.001, NaN, 2005)[more][less]
Abstract: For at least 200 years, Gomoti River people and their neighbours lived interactively with the Okavango flood pulse system, travelling widely in dugout canoes, practicing flood recession agriculture, fishing, hunting, and collecting wild foods. Today they are wetlanders without wetlands. A major outflow channel of the eastern Okavango Delta in the 1930s, the Gomoti River rarely flows these days. This paper explores the Gomoti's demise, through the lenses first of science and second of Gomoti basin residents. Models developed over the past 20 years attribute the Gomoti's drying to a complex set of bio-hydrologic processes and feedback loops that begin with sedimentation and conclude with channel switching, peat fires, and purging of toxic salts. Such models essentially omit the long history of human habitation and ecological interaction with the delta. Local people, on the other hand, tell of deliberate and systematic management of channels and floodplains, and they argue this management kept the river healthy and flowing. The picture is confounded by colonial era interventions and by Botswana government policies partitioning the Gomoti and restricting access to its headwaters. We conclude with a model combining meso-scale scientific explanation with micro-scale indigenous constructions as a context for new thinking about Okavango Delta resource management. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/467 Files in this item: 1
Bernard_JAE_2005.pdf (2.556Mb) -
Mbaiwa, J.E. (Elsevier http://www.doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2003.11.005, NaN, 2005)[more][less]
Abstract: This paper draws on the dependency paradigm to explain the development of enclave tourism and its socio-economic impacts in the Okavango Delta, Botswana. Using both primary and secondary data source, the study indicates that international tourists, foreign safari companies and investors dominate the tourism industry in the Okavango Delta. The foreign domination and ownership of tourism facilities has led to the repatriation of tourism revenue, domination of management positions by expatriates, lower salaries for citizen workers, and a general failure by tourism to significantly contribute to rural poverty alleviation in the Okavango region. Tourism as a result has a minimal economic impact on rural development mainly because it has weak linkages with the domestic economy, particularly agriculture. Because of its nature, tourism in the Okavango Delta cannot be described as being sustainable from a socio-economic perspective. In order to address problems of enclave tourism development and promote more inclusive and beneficial tourism development in the Okavango, there is need to adopt policies and strategies that will ensure that substantial amounts of tourism revenue are retained in the Okavango and Botswana. These strategies should also ensure that tourism development in the Okavango Delta has strong linkages with the rest of the economy in Botswana. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/429 Files in this item: 1
Mbaiwa_TM_2005.pdf (2.402Mb)
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Increasing choices and watching the budget in RSU 16
POLAND — The school lunch menu at Poland Regional High School sometimes reads like the specials at a trendy restaurant – there are choices like fish tacos with black bean and corn salsa; Moroccan chicken; pork roast with citrus salsa and couscous, or autumn Cobb salad with sage and vinaigrette.
It's not only the food that's different in RSU 16, covering Poland, Mechanic Falls and Minot. Here, there are no "lunch rooms"– only "cafés."
That difference is important to Nutrition Director Betty Hayes. It aligns with her goal to add inventive new tastes to school food in RSU 16. Although the food might seem exotic, she balks at being told she's "serving gourmet."
"I don't think it's 'gourmet,'" she says, "We're using the same products other schools do; we may be just creating something different with them."
As school districts across the country come into compliance with new nutrition standards for school food, RSU 16 is also trying to find choices that appeal to students – and those they're willing to buy.
Variety is key
Students at PRHS are offered many options when they stream into the school's small café.
With the "meal deal," students choose a maximum of five components from a wide selection including a salad bar, multiple main dishes, chicken fingers, baked fries, fruit, yogurt, milk and juice.
To be considered a reimbursable meal, students need to choose the right combination of protein, grain, fruit, vegetable and dairy.
Students need to be savvy with their choices – chicken fingers count as a protein, while Bosco Sticks – a bread stick filled with cheese – or a hamburger count as both grain and protein.
If that's not enough, students can purchase additional items and treats like potato chips, soft pretzels and ice cream.
That variety is necessary, Hayes says. When she started as director, PRHS was serving pizza five days a week.
"The first year I was here I cut it back to three, then I cut it back to two, all in an effort to focus on being more healthy," Hayes says.
But there is always a balance that needs to be struck – Hayes wants to bring in inventive foods, but she also needs to bring in revenue.
Lunch money
Less than 40 percent of the 1,717 students in RSU 16 qualify for free and reduced lunch.
The district receives fewer reimbursements than neighboring districts – $360,350 just last year.
That's why providing attractive lunch options is important – the district wants a high participation rate.
Hayes says about 68 percent of middle schoolers take school lunch and about 54 percent of high schoolers do – a high proportion.
"If people are getting 39 percent at high school, they're happy," Hayes says. "So we're pleased that we're serving that many."
The school charges the state limit for a full-price lunch – $2.50.
Even with high participation, the numbers don't always add up. The district had to provide $40,000 to fund the nutrition program in recent years. Even though last year's numbers were $21,000 over expenses, Hayes is still paying down the debt.
"The goal is to get it down so the town doesn't supplement me at all," Hayes says. She notes that nutrition programs that don't require at least some taxpayer aid are rare.
Hayes says the middle schoolers are the biggest consumers of the meal deal, while high schoolers – particularly seniors – prefer à la carte.
Tricky balance
In her attempt to introduce menu choices, Hayes has brought in four new managers for the district's production kitchens who have the same mindset about school food, including Alex Sirois at PRHS.
Prior to PRHS, Sirois worked at Poland Spring Resort.
"The first year I started, I brought him, because he had the ability to make this type of food," Hayes explains.
Sirois, who attended PRHS as a student five years ago, remembers the café still served coffee, soft drinks and pizza every day.
That's all gone, but it's challenging to get students to select new choices, especially with the updated nutrition standards.
"It's a lot more stuff the kids aren't necessarily interested in," Sirois says. "It is kind of challenging to find ways to make it appeal."
Some items, like fish tacos, have been a hit. Others, like tuna burgers, have been less successful.
The kitchen puts out a limited amount of the new 'exotic' menu items, Sirois says. Usually, he falls back on choices that appeal to students – tried-and-true options like chicken pot pie, pasta and pizza.
"They'll eat pizza all the time," Sirois says. "It's the one thing that, if you go anywhere, the pizza might be terrible, but you know what it's going to taste like."
He describes a difficult balance between adhering to nutrition standards and serving food students and staff will buy.
"You don't want to go all healthy and lose your participation. You lose participation, you lose funding, you lose everything," Sirois says.
"I think a lot of parents probably don't understand that – they don't realize the struggle that it is to make sure that it is healthy and still appeal."
In fact, Sirois says that students on free/reduced lunch are probably receiving the healthiest options. He knows some students who get $50 a week to spend at the café. That money usually isn't spent on a balanced meal.
"The kids who actually have money to spend, they'll come in an blow it on junk," Sirois says. "I was probably the same way in high school."
For that reason, Hayes is relieved RSU 16 didn't qualify for the Healthier U.S. Challenge – a program that rewards healthy school districts – last year.
If RSU 16 qualified, it would mean reducing à la carte options, potentially resulting in further revenue loss.
Politics of nutrition
Hayes, the current vice president of the Maine School Nutrition Association, was the groups' national legislative chair when the new standards were being developed.
She says that decision-makers may have been starstruck by the interest First Lady Michelle Obama showed in school food.
But in a lot of ways, the changes were implemented too quickly to be practical, Hayes says.
Vendors, for example, need to reformulate their products, a process that can take up to two years, according to Hayes. New sodium level requirements will result in even more changes down the road.
Even the commodity food RSU 16 receives from USDA doesn't always meet the requirements – a proposed change that would have prohibited serving potatoes as a starchy vegetable more than once a week particularly upsets Hayes.
"I actually said in a meeting with [legislators] 'you're supplying these products but you don't want us to use them more than once a week. What are you going to do with this surplus?'"
According to Hayes, the idea was to donate the surplus to food pantries.
"Isn't that the same families that we're feeding now in the schools?" Hayes asks.
The rule was eventually amended to allow serving potatoes more than once a week, she says.
The culprit?
Hayes is troubled by the criticism school food has received, particularly in light of activism from celebrities like Jamie Oliver.
"Society is very quick to say: 'school food is making a kid obese,'" she says.
But Maine has been proactive in making school food healthier, Hayes says – especially compared to other states.
She's convinced the cause of obesity and poor health are found outside the school lunch line – by her calculations, school food, even including breakfast, only accounts for 30 percent of annual intake.
"With school lunch it's portion control and limitation of time. I just don't possibly see how we can be the culprit," says Hayes.
Editor's Note: This is the third of a multi-part series on school food.
OPTIONS — Students and staff have plenty of options to choose from at the café in Poland Regional High School. Wide variety is key to keeping participation rates up, says Betty Hayes, RSU 16 nutrition director.


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Year of Release: 2013
Premier: World Premiere
PERFECT STRANGERS follows two unique and strong main characters. One is Ellie, who embarks on a 4-year journey of twists and turns determined to give away one of her kidneys. Five hundred miles away, Kathy endures nightly dialysis and loses hope of receiving a transplant until Ellie reads her profile on an online site. Their parallel journeys unfold over time in unexpected ways. PERFECT STRANGERS raises questions about what motivates an individual towards an extreme act of compassion. (LC)
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