text:
Humpty-Dumpty and the Nixon Years
"When I use a word," Humpty Dumpty said, in a rather scornful tone, "it means just what I choose it to mean, nothing more nor less."
"The question is," said Alice, "whether you can make words mean so many different things."
"The question is," said Humpty Dumpty, "which is to be master—that's all."
Lewis Carroll,Through the Looking Glass[1]
Richard M. Nixon was not the first occupant of the Oval Office to view the press with unconcealed hostility. Every president since George Washington felt unfairly put upon by an unfriendly press, even the paladin of press freedoms, Thomas Jefferson. The man who once said he preferred a press without a government to a government without a press changed his tune once he was in office and the victim of "unfair" press attacks. "A few prosecutions of the most prominent offenders," Jefferson confessed to a friend, "would have a wholesome effect in restoring the integrity of the presses."[2]
And yet of all those who preceded him into the White House, Nixon was the first to turn personal hostility into public policy and to use his Administration to try to neutralize the critical media. Nixon believed that the press was out to get him. It was unable, he thought, to forgive him for his anti-communist crusades and, particularly, for his relentless pursuit of Alger Hiss. Nixon's paranoia bred a distrust so deep that he created an "enemies list," including reporters, and dealt with the media as with any other subversive elements bent on destroying the republic. Not surprisingly, his suspicions and hostility led Nixon to target the more-or-less freewheeling public-broadcasting system. His attitude was colored by his past difficulties with the "liberal establishment"
and by his skewed view of public television as an arm of that establishment. It made little difference that the public medium, unlike the major press and commercial networks, had a minuscule impact on public opinion. More important, the public system, unlike the commercial system, could easily be brought to heel. The Administration had the weapon at hand: its control over public broadcasting's federal subsidy. And Nixon had no scruple about using it.
Nixon's first term had barely begun when his initial salvo against television was launched by Vice President Spiro Agnew in a nationally televised speech from Des Moines. The Administration's stinging rebuke of television charged the medium with being controlled by "a closed fraternity of privileged men" whose views were predominantly "Eastern liberal."[3] Agnew's address was only the tip of the iceberg. Behind closed doors, plans were being laid for further assaults—known to us now only by the revelations of internal memoranda produced by the Freedom of Information Act.
One such meeting presaged the Nixon strategy in dealing with the public system. In November 1969, during the week of the Agnew attack, White House aide Peter Flanigin called together two members of the Corporation board—its chairman, Frank Pace, Jr., and one of its directors, Albert Cole, who had been recently appointed by Nixon. Their purpose—to discuss a plan for a "more geographically and ideologically balanced" public system—produced an agreement to use NET as a production center only "until new facilities are in operation," presumably elsewhere in the country. In the interim, not only would NET's funding not increase, "rather [it] would decrease to zero over the next two or three years." The death warrant for NET, administered by the White House and secretly agreed to by the Corporation ("Pace agrees with these conditions") came at an awkward time for me: I had moved into the presidency of the doomed organization only weeks earlier, unaware that the ground had been sold from under me by the Corporation's willing complicity in the Administration's so-called policy of "geographical and ideological balance."[4]
But greater ironies were to come. The White House plan for achieving "ideological balance" was absurdly simple: do away with NET and place responsibility for production elsewhere, anywhere outside New York City. The Corporation, willing to play the Administration's game to win continued federal support, announced in July 1971 the creation of NPACT, the National Public Affairs Center for Television. By shifting production of public-affairs programming from New York, where it had proved an offense to the Nixon White House, to Washington, where it could be kept under closer scrutiny, the Corporation hoped to placate the enemy and gain a peace. But the effort backfired. NPACT produced a provocation of the first order.
To head the new Washington-based public-affairs production house, NPACT chose James Karayn, a broadcast journalist with a high-decibel personality who had established his credentials by directing news at a Los Angeles commercial station before coming to Washington as a producer and writer for NBC News. In 1965, he became NET's bureau chief in Washington, where he was responsible for most of the public-affairs shows it produced out of the nation's capital. He slipped easily into the other chair when NPACT assumed NET's public-affairs duties, declaring that the new organization would be "courageous, intelligent, witty and shrewd . . . but operate with self-restraint, common sense and fairness."[5] The world of the White House, the public-television establishment, and the profession of journalism could hardly wish for more.
To fulfill Karayn's vision, NPACT needed a "presence" on the screen, an identifiable on-air personality to serve as a counterpart to the familiar and readily identifiable network news anchors. Karayn's first choice, the Canadian-born journalist Robert (Robin) MacNeil, was still relatively unknown in this country despite his extensive experience covering major international stories for the CBC, Reuters, the BBC, and NBC. "I wanted Robin and one superstar," Karayn recalled.[6] After NBC'S Edwin Newman turned him down, Karayn turned to Sander Vanocur, another NBC colleague, but one willing to leave the network. "Sandy" Vanocur came to NPACT with fifteen years of experience in broadcast news and a
solid reputation as a highly competent, competitive news reporter. Although he had developed a close relationship with John Kennedy during his stint as NBC'S White House correspondent, Vanocur was known for his independence of mind and his readiness to speak it when the occasion warranted—as he was quick to demonstrate by speaking out against President Johnson's escalation of the Vietnam War. His somewhat flamboyant manner would be an ideal complement to MacNeil's more reserved on-air style. With the blessings of both Pace and Macy at the Corporation, and Fred Friendly at the Foundation, Karayn announced his choices of Vanocur and MacNeil at news conferences in both Washington and New York in early September 1971.
The announcement fell on the White House like a bombshell. Nixon was livid. In the president's opinion, Vanocur was a "well-known Kennedy sympathizer"; worse, the reporter's aggressive and hostile questioning during the 1960 campaign had weakened the Nixon image and contributed to his defeat.[7] And now Vanocur was back—back at government expense and provided with a platform by NPACT to continue his attacks on the president. On the morning after the announcement, Nixon's staff secretary sent a highly classified memorandum to Flanigan with copies to John Haldeman and Alex Butterfield. The NPACT hirings, said the memo, had "greatly disturbed the President who considered this the last straw." The president requested "that all funds for public broadcasting be cut immediately."[8]
If public television had any question about where the president stood before, it had none now. With characteristic bluntness, he made his position perfectly clear: control it or kill it. But not everyone on the White House staff was eager to join the president in his determination to use public television's funding to punish a single reporter. One of the most influential was a young MIT graduate, Clay T. Whitehead ("Tom" to his friends), Nixon's Director of the Office of Telecommunications Policy (OTP). At the age of thirty-three, Whitehead was one of the youngest appointees ever to head an executive agency. "With his utilitarian horn-rims, conservative suits, and boyishly earnest manner," Newsweek observed, he "comes across more like a small-town Jaycee than the
'communications czar' he has been called."[9] As OTP Director, Whitehead was the president's top adviser and official spokesperson on communications, including public broadcasting.
The president's vengeful move to cut public television's funding struck Whitehead as a politically dangerous policy. Other policy options could better achieve Nixon's aim without the dangerous risks of the president's draconian scheme. Whitehead circulated several options in a memo to the White House staff. The most favored was a proposal to push for a funding bill that would send most of the federal money directly to the stations and prohibit the Corporation from using its share to support public-affairs programming.[10] John Ehrlichman was dubious; a legislative solution would require the cooperation of Congress. "The best alternative," he said, "would be to take over the management and thereby determine what management decisions are going to be made."[11] His stratagem would have been readily understood by Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes, who once observed that "the only prize much cared for by the powerful is power."
In the long run, Ehrlichman's strategy of seizing control won out. But this was only the fall of 1971. The Nixon White House had not yet stacked the Corporation board with its own appointees, and it still lacked the means to seize control. So it opted to go with Whitehead's more subtle approach. The general thrust of that policy had already been fixed by Nixon and his close political aides: to neutralize the public medium, eliminating its power to function as an enemy of the Administration. Whitehead felt that since the "entire elimination of Federal support of public television is politically impossible," the most effective course of action was to redirect that support away from CPB and PBS "so as to create a structure which will be dominated by those elements of the public television field which are generally most congenial—namely the local stations."[12] The stations, particularly the smaller, educationally oriented stations, were in Whitehead's judgment the system's most conservative elements, potential allies in reducing the influence of the "liberal" Washington organizations. By playing on their instinctual fears of centralized control, on their shared distrust of the Ford Foundation's role, and on their read-
iness to annex a larger share of the financial pie, Whitehead hoped to create distrust between the local stations and their national organizations, just as Agnew had sought months earlier to pit the network affiliates against their national news organizations.
The opening salvo in the Administration's divide-and-subdue strategy was loosed upon several hundred surprised public broadcasters on October 20, 1971. Whitehead had been invited to address the annual convention of the NAEB, educational broadcasting's professional association. The broadcasters, of course, hoped that Whitehead would come to the Miami meeting with encouraging news of the Administration's plans for long-range funding. They anticipated at least a grudging pat on the back for having achieved, by dumping NET and creating PBS, the decentralized system the Administration apparently desired. Whitehead's words betrayed expectations on both counts. His pat on the back was brief and barbed: "It would be refreshing for you, I'm sure, to hear a convention speaker dwell on all the good things that public broadcasting has accomplished . . . but government policy making doesn't usually concern itself with good news, it deals with problems, and policy is my topic today." With that, Whitehead plunged headlong into a loose discourse on "policy," striking one rhetorical blow after another at the leadership and direction of public broadcasting. He charged it with betraying the mandate of the Carnegie Commission by creating a national network in the form of PBS, with allowing the network to take control of programming, with measuring successes by the same ratings yardstick that the networks used, and, finally, with turning over control of public-affairs programs to the Ford Foundation.
His final words sounded ominously like a threat: "Do any of you honestly know whether public broadcasting—structured as it is today and moving in the direction it seems to be headed—can ever fulfill the promise envisioned for it or conform to the policy set for it? If it can't, then permanent financing will always be somewhere off in the distant future."[13] The message was clear and unmistakable: conform to what we in the White House want public television to be or be prepared to forgo the Administration's support for continued federal funding. Public broadcasters reacted
with disappointment and indignation. The Corporation leaped to the system's defense in a memorandum prepared by Macy's lieutenant, John Witherspoon. The memorandum accused the White House of using funding to pressure the system into acceding to the Administration's demands. "If we yield to that [pressure]," warned Witherspoon, "it will be well known that we can be had."[14]
Most people in the system had no quarrel with Whitehead's basic thesis; they were as wedded to the primacy of the local station (as opposed to centralized program control) as was he. But they were baffled by his charge that public television had abandoned localism when the charge was clearly contradicted by the facts. If the White House felt the system had not moved far enough, or fast enough, let them find the fault within themselves for failing to provide adequate funding. Witherspoon's memo reminded Whitehead that another Nixon stalwart, FCC Chairman Dean Burch, had told this same group of public broadcasters a year earlier that "it ill behooves the Federal government to look askance at public broadcasting when the government has not fulfilled its own promise."[15]
The Nixon Administration was fully aware of the populist appeal of an attack upon centralized power, and it had no shame in using the pulpit of its own highly centralized power to decry this power in those whom it wished to destroy. The Administration's attack was ironically made easier because many in the ranks of the public medium were crusading to save the medium from centralized power. Only three months earlier, at another gathering of public broadcasting executives, Arthur L. Singer, Jr., one of those responsible for the formation of the 1967 Carnegie Commission, used its recommendations to flay public broadcasters for casting their medium in the mold of commercial television. Its national programming, he charged, "is every bit as centralized and in its own way as dehumanized as the network programming of CBS or NBC," and its local stations were mere "branch offices for Washington and New York."[16] His words, startlingly similar to those uttered later in the year by Whitehead, gave a false ring of legitimacy to the White House's spurious concern for the plight of the
local stations and further undermined the leadership role of the national organizations.
In his initial attack upon public television, Whitehead had judiciously steered clear of criticizing program content. But in early 1972 he opened a new front, questioning "whether public television, particularly . . . the federally-funded part of public television, should be carrying public affairs and news commentary, and that kind of thing."[17] He repeated his doubts a month later, telling Bill Moyers that federally funded public-affairs programs raised a serious question of principle "because here you're taking the taxpayer's money and using it to express controversial points of view."[18] (His question of principle conveniently ignored the accepted use of taxpayers' money to support the expression of controversial points of view in such publicly supported but less visible institutions as schools, colleges, and public libraries.) The Nixon Administration's opposition to our public-affairs programming stemmed in part from its profound distrust of the Ford Foundation and what it thought was the Foundation's Svengali role in our "anti-Administration" public-affairs programs. That the Foundation had an important hand in our public-affairs programming was clear, but it was a hand that fostered the genre without dictating its content, a conceit that may be too complex for the obsessed to grasp. The Nixon forces were convinced that if the Foundation was paying the piper, the Foundation must be calling the tune.[19]
Given the nature of our programming mission and the White House's sensitivity to criticism, provocation was probably inevitable. We did not, however, deliberately invite it. The decision to treat difficult and ticklish problems at the risk of inviting a torrent of calumny from Washington was our own to make; we didn't need the complicity of the Ford Foundation to get our names on the Administration's "enemies list." But provocation came easily and often to an Administration that measured balance by the congruence of our biases with theirs.
One such provocation was Banks and the Poor , broadcast in late 1971. The controversial documentary tripped the White House alarms, sending presidential assistant Peter Flanigin flying to his
typewriter to dash off a memo to Albert Cole, Nixon's first appointee to the CPB board. Describing Banks and the Poor as "another example of NET activity that is clearly inappropriate for a government supported organization," Flanigin asked Cole to inquire into the extent of NET's present and planned future support from CPB. He cautioned that the inquiry "comes better from you to the board and management of the Corporation than from the White House."[20]
The response of public television's leaders in Washington to the Administration's efforts to bring it to heel showed the limits of its strange hydra-headed leadership. PBS president Hartford Gunn, responsible for what aired nationally, played a defensive game: keep your head down, play it safe, don't make waves. His efforts to block the airing of Banks and the Poor was a case in point, and his constituency, the local stations to whom he was accountable, would not have wished it otherwise. Had he wanted to stand up to government, to assert the independence of the public system, he could not have done so without the concurrence of the system's other leader, CPB president John Macy. But Macy, who had spent virtually all of his professional career in government service, and who, rightly or wrongly, felt himself accountable to Congress, had little or no inclination to buck the White House. An amenable man, he aimed to appease the enemy by showing his readiness to cooperate. He demonstrated this strategy of appeasement when lie adopted the Administration's "program priorities"; when he accepted Herb Klein's suggestion of Nancy Dickerson as the PBS correspondent to the White House; and when he showed his readiness to meet with Flanigin and Whitehead to supply them with information, including a list of forthcoming public-affairs programming. "You couldn't ask for anyone more compliant than Macy," said OTP attorney Henry Goldberg.[21] The divided and unassertive posture of public television's leadership contrasted sharply with the early experience of the BBC, whose sole leader, Director-General John Reith, his spine stiffened with a morally rigid Calvinism, stood off the Parliament and secured for the public corporation an independence from governmental interference that marked the BBC for decades afterward. A compa-
rable act of self-definition might have spared the American system its years of obeisance to the whims of Washington.
Macy's efforts to play the Administration's game had an ironic aftermath. Whitehead wanted him out. "To achieve your goals," he told the president, "we must first replace the current CPB management," recommending that they begin immediately "to find five tough-minded [board] appointees who will vote with us to fire John Macy and his top staff and replace them with suitable people."[22] With Macy out of the way, Whitehead could push ahead with his plan of reform: restructuring the system, reducing the funds and power of CPB, and transferring both the money and the power to the more conservative local stations. "We cannot get the Congress to eliminate CPB, to reduce funds for public television, or to exclude CPB from public affairs programming," he told the president. "But we can reform the structure of public broadcasting to eliminate its worst features."[23] It was a shrewd strategy, a means of "defanging" the system without seeming to be involved.
The Whitehead strategy had another, complementary element that was both diabolical in design and Machiavellian in purpose. It was triggered by NPACT's announcement of the hiring of Sanders Vanocur and Robert MacNeil. Whitehead outlined his plan in a memorandum to White House chief of staff H. R. Haldeman:
After Vanocur and MacNeil were announced in late September, we planted with the trade press the idea that their obvious liberal bias would reflect adversely on public television. . . . We then began to encourage speculation about Vanocur's and MacNeil's salaries. . . . We plan to do two things in the next few weeks to continue to call attention to balance on public television, especially NPACT. We will quietly solicit critical articles regarding Vanocur's salary coming from public funds. . . . We will quietly encourage station managers throughout the country to put pressure on NPACT and CPB to put balance in their programming or risk the possibility of local stations not carrying these programs.[24]
Thus began one of the ugliest episodes in the story of public television, a malicious campaign, cynically managed from the White House, to discredit the public medium and two of its most visible professionals. The purpose of the campaign was clearly and
simply to foster suspicion and distrust among the public medium's constituent elements. Sadly, by capturing the headlines it would divert attention from the more serious issues for most of the rest of the year. The White House media managers were fully aware of the effectiveness of the salary issue as a headline grabber. Revelations of the usually close-kept secrets of what the mighty are paid hold an inexplicable fascination for the average citizen. So when it was revealed through press leaks that Sander Vanocur was paid $85,000 a year—twice the Salary of a Supreme Court justice, a cabinet officer, or a Congressional representative—there was no dearth of hand-wringers to condemn public television for its excesses. (Robin MacNeil's $65,000 salary made a smaller target only because he was, at that time, a less visible presence.) No mention was made, of course, of the 40 percent pay cut Vanocur took when he moved from NBC to NPACT. Nor was consideration given to the standard pay scales in television's big-buck talent business.
The salary fever spread quickly to Congress, where Rep. Lionel Van Deerlin, member of the House Communications Subcommittee, and himself a former television news commentator, held hearings to probe public television's salary scales. Macy, asked to supply the subcommittee with NPACT's salaries, readily complied. NPACT's chairman, Sid James, was furious that Macy had released the privileged information without NPACT's consent. But his heated protest backfired. The CPB board, unwilling to stand up to Congressional interference, adopted a policy of salary disclosure that led the Corporation to publish the salaries and talent fees of all of its principal performers as well as the salaries of its own executives. (When Macy's annual $65,000 became public knowledge, he quickly volunteered to take a pay cut. But his board, less guided by the Puritan ethic of self-sacrifice, turned him down.) The hearings produced an amendment to the public-television-funding bill that fixed ceilings on public-television salaries paid from federal funds. The bill, however, was subsequently vetoed for reasons unrelated to the salary issue.
The Great Salary Dustup of 1972 had the Administration's intended effect on local stations. Their disaffection with national leadership was fed by a growing resentment over the five-digit
salary disclosures, and even more by the whirlwind of criticism they were reaping for the apparent profligacy of one of their number. The greatest harm, however, fell upon NPACT. Karayn and his staff, preoccupied with juggling the politics of public television, barely had time to follow the political campaign of 1972, which, after all, was the primary reason for hiring the two correspondents. When NPACT did focus on the elections, its coverage was inevitably affected by the White House pressures. MacNeil, describing the pressures as "inhibiting but not paralyzing," confessed that it was difficult not to speculate on how one's story would play at the White House.[25] Critics found NPACT's programs in the series A Public Affair: Election '72 too middle-of-the-road and often bland. The problem was "not that they were bland," explained Vanocur, "but that they weren't more daring." On the positive side, MacNeil thought the pressures made public television more conscious "of the need to be more balanced than we otherwise might have been if that climate hadn't existed."[26] But the climate did exist. And the pressures had their desired effect.
With summer approaching, and with it the two national political conventions, NPACT was forced to scrap its original plans for comprehensive, gavel-to-gavel coverage after the Corporation board cut a whopping 25 percent from its budget. One of Nixon's recent appointees to the board, Hollywood television producer Jack Wrather, explained that "because of the sensitive nature of public-affairs programming, a concentration of this kind of production in one or two stations is undesirable." To which he added, "Further decentralization and diversification would be healthy for the system."[27] Coming from one who had profited from the concentration of commercial production in Hollywood, not only were the words strange, but they also defied the logic of television. Some public-affairs shows, because of their complexity and cost, can only be done by concentrating resources. Political conventions are among them.
When the Democrats met in Miami in July, NPACT's pared-down coverage was a thin daily ninety-minute preview program plus a nightly half-hour summary of the day's events, less distinguished and certainly less informative than the convention coverage avail-
able elsewhere on the dial. It was not the vision Karayn had for NPACT. With the Republican convention only a month away, Karayn decided to do the job right and to give the Republicans straightforward, unedited, gavel-to-gavel podium coverage that would be a clear alternative to the networks' restless razzle-dazzle. But his two stars refused to go along, arguing that Karayn's plan gave unfair political advantage to the Republicans with an imbalance that could only lead to charges that NPACT had buckled under to White House pressures.[28] With Vanocur and MacNeil willing to do no more than they had done for the Democrats, Karayn turned to WNET's Bill Moyers for running commentary on the full coverage of the Republican Convention. Though he was unaware of the protests of the two NPACT correspondents, Moyers agreed that the Republicans should get full coverage despite NPACT's error in not giving proper coverage to the Democrats. Moyers brushed aside charges of White House intimidation, explaining that "no one can intimidate you unless you feel intimidatable."[29]
Before the storm over NPACT died down, Karayn added the name of Peter Kaye to his rosters of correspondents. No one challenged Kaye's credentials as a journalist. Skeptics, however, read significance into the fact he had been a Nixon press aide in the 1960 campaign.
The politically charged atmosphere of the early seventies should have warned those of us at NET that the times were hardly propitious for political satire—and certainly not on the public medium. But so eager were we to bring an element of lightness, a laugh or two, to public television's overarching solemnity that we unhesitatingly accepted Woody Allen's offer in late 1971 to produce a special. We didn't even pull back after learning that he intended to use the show to satirize the Nixon White House. Allen approached us after having produced two prime-time specials for the commercial networks, fully expecting the public medium to give him greater artistic license to write and perform the kind of humor for which he is justly celebrated. He was wrong.[30]
The script for the hour-long special was delivered to NET's veteran producer Jack Kuney. Although Kuney found it "deceptively
simple, but funny," his boss, programming vice president Bill Kobin, disagreed. Kobin came to my office a day or so later, script in hand. "We can't use it." Why not? "Because it's not funny." I accepted his judgment; the last thing we needed was an unfunny comedy show. There the matter rested, or so I thought. Three months later, however, I was more than a little surprised to learn that we had delivered to PBS a show called The Politics—and Comedy of Woody Allen . Receipt of the show tripped the alarm and bells began to ring. First, I had a call from WNET's chairman Ethan Allen Hitchcock. He had just heard from John Macy, who was "hopping mad" about a show with someone named Allen. Hitchcock had never heard of Woody Allen. When he learned that I had not seen the show, I was ordered to screen it and call him back immediately. Even as we talked, a telex message was thrust into my hand from PBS to its member stations. The Politics—and Comedy of Woody Allen , it said, would not be distributed by PBS as scheduled. But taking no chances on being labelled "censors"—as they had been when they killed the FBI segment on the Dream Machine —PBS offered to make the show available to any station requesting it. There was a hook in the offer: in the opinion of the PBS legal staff, the Woody Allen show "presents fairness problems . . . personal attack, equal time and taste problems," a solid guarantee that no public station in the country would risk airing it.[31] Except, of course, our own WNET.
What I and a brace of our attorneys screened with nervous interest was a mock documentary, Men of Crisis , that mimicked the style of the old March of Time , in which authentic news footage was combined with dramatic elements, a technique Allen later perfected in his feature film Zelig . The original hour-long script had been trimmed to the twenty-five-minute "documentary," and the balance of the hour had been filled by an interview with Allen on the nature of comedy. Men of Crisis managed not only to lampoon the Nixon White House but to needle both the president's foes (Humphrey and Wallace) as well as his friends (Agnew, Hoover, Laird, and Mitchell). Allen himself played the fictional Harvey Wallinger, high-living confidant and counselor to the president, whose resemblance to National Security Advisor Henry Kissinger
was more than coincidental. As might be expected, the show included moments of questionable taste. Allen explained that "it is hard to do anything about the Administration that wouldn't be in bad taste."[32]
I withdrew the show after the screening, hoping to find a broader context to make Men of Crisis acceptable to the system, perhaps by marrying it with other satirical pieces that took aim with prudent impartiality at a broader range of political icons. But it was too late. Though I rejected Hitchcock's demand to arrange a private screening for WNET's Executive Committee to determine the film's acceptability, he managed a surreptitious screening for himself. He emerged from the screening ashen-faced, his jaws tightly clamped, and hurried back to his law offices where he dashed off a hand-delivered letter to me within the hour. He first reminded me that it had been the hope and purpose of the board never to have to judge a program before broadcast, but, he said, "The Allen program has, in my opinion, now been removed from that category because of the questions inherent in it and which have been raised within the public television system." There followed an ultimatum: "If you, for any reason, desire to release the program in its present form or any modified form for any showing of any kind, you will first advise me, or, should I not be available, two other members of the Executive Committee, in sufficient time in advance of such a release to permit the Executive Committee to be convened and review whatever you propose to be released."[33]
There the Woody Allen caper ended. It was apparent to me that a board committee, and especially one weighted with Nixon partisans, would hardly be willing to allow the show to air and risk the economic reprisals of an irate White House. Jay Iselin made a feint in the direction of airing it, but his flashy backfield manner was no match for the Executive Committee's tight line. Nor were the other PBS stations willing to take the risk; they leaned heavily on the warning words of the PBS lawyers to defend their decision. (PBS was in error in stating that the show would trigger demands for equal time; political satire is exempt from equal-time rules.) Placed beside the political skits on today's Saturday Night Live , Al-
len's satire seems pallid and harmless. But times and tastes change. In 1972, the Nixon White House, clean as a hound's tooth, was on the threshold of an electoral landslide. Watergate was no more than a cloud on the horizon, barely larger than the hand that taped open the door to the Democratic National Committee headquarters. If we were disingenuous in thinking that we could get by the station gatekeepers with a show that might offend our chief sponsor, we did so firmly believing that satire, holding up to view our individual and collective absurdities, has a cleansing effect on the body politic. The Politics—and Comedy of Woody Allen may or may not have been the best-suited vehicle for our purpose—Allen has since expressed his own reservations—but its intentions were rooted in an honorable tradition.[34]
Beneath the tensions created by the salary squabble and the Woody Allen episode was concern over how these incidents might play upon public television's quest for the holy grail of long-range funding. Encouraging signals issued from Capitol Hill, but the Administration had its own agenda. Early in 1971, Tom Whitehead sought the help of a former University of Virginia law professor, Antonin Scalia, in drafting the Administration's long-range funding bill. Although Scalia's bill provided for a surprising five-year authorization, which was longer than expected, it also mandated a larger proportion of the federal funds to be allocated to the local stations. Macy immediately denounced it as "a sweeping amendment to the 1967 Act," clearly intended to reduce "the scope and function of the CPB."[35] He was right. It cleverly advanced Whitehead's plan to redirect funds away from CPB and PBS and into the pockets of the more "congenial" local stations. When Whitehead attempted to work out a compromise bill satisfactory to the Corporation, he increasingly came to feel that Macy was the stumbling block to achieving his aim. So in a wily maneuver to remove the obstacle, Whitehead recommended that the president offer his loyalists on the CPB board a trade-off: the Administration would deliver a funding bill acceptable to the Corporation in return for the board's agreement to "replace John Macy as soon as practicable with a nonpolitical professional."[36] The White House,
not yet ready to go public with its hostility toward the medium, rejected the stratagem. Whitehead offered another. Blithely assuming that "local stations' support could be bought for about 30 million dollars," Whitehead proposed a two-year bill that offered a boost in the funding limits from $35 to $60 million for the first year. He fully expected that the additional funds would separate the stations from the Corporation and win (or buy) their support for the Administration's original bill.[37]
But events intervened. Nixon exploded and gave an order to "kill the bill" after learning of Vanocur's appointment, and Whitehead, following the White House lead, went to Miami to deliver his "no funds until reform" ultimatum to the public broadcasters. In the long run, the Administration produced a chastening and meager one-year funding bill, cutting back the funding limits to $45 million. Hopes for long-range funding rested with a more amenable Congress. In 1971, Rep. Torbert Macdonald, chairman of the House Communications Subcommittee, took the initiative by introducing a five-year funding bill that, after compromises, reached the floor as a two-year authorization of $65 million the first year and $90 million the second. Although it mandated a sizeable 30 percent of the funds to the stations, Macy, after raising a finger to the political winds, accepted the provision knowing that it would help to win station support for the bill. Whitehead, predictably, testified against it. Fortunately, the bill had strong support in both houses and sailed through with substantial majorities. It was a major victory for the public medium and a cause for celebration.
The jubilation was short-lived. On June 30, 1972, four days after the Senate adopted the Macdonald Bill by an overwhelming 82-1 majority, President Nixon vetoed it.[38] His veto message cited "the serious and widespread concern expressed in Congress and within public broadcasting itself, that an organization, originally intended only to serve the local stations, is becoming instead the center of power and the focal point of control for the entire public broadcasting system."[39] Nixon's words were a cynical replay of Whitehead's obsessive invocation of "localism." Congress, stunned but uncertain that it had the votes to override the veto, made no effort
to do so, voting instead to accept the Administration's niggardly single-year funding bill.
News of the veto rocked the system like a temblor; most of us had expected the president to yield to the clearly expressed will of Congress. Only four days before the veto, Tom Whitehead assured Norman Cousins and the members of his National Programming Council that "if the Congress votes [the Macdonald Bill], the President will do nothing to prevent that action moving forward."[40] Only after the release of confidential White House documents did we learn that, on the afternoon that he had assured us of the president's support, Whitehead had been closeted with the president and a group of commercial broadcasters. In the words of one who was present at the meeting, President Nixon "dumped all over public television" in response to the broadcasters' complaints of competition from a growing PBS.[41] Four days after assuring us there would be no veto, Whitehead sent a secret memorandum to the president strongly recommending a veto of the funding bill and warning him that public broadcasters "are seeking funds and independence to create a TV network reflecting their narrow conception of what the public ought to see and hear." This, he told the president, "should not be allowed to happen."[42] It would be an understatement to describe his role in the veto as a model of dissimulation.
For a weary, frustrated, and ailing John Macy, the veto was the last straw. He had fought hard for the funding bill only to see it killed by an Administration he had tried desperately to accommodate. Worse, he felt abandoned by his own friends and allies at a critical time in the life of public television. The CPB board, which might have been expected to protest the veto, sat on its hands, making no comment and refusing even to rebut the implied challenge to its stewardship. Macy called it "shameful." But he was caught in a no-win situation and he knew it. He also knew that Nixon's chances for reelection were virtually assured. The reelection, said Macy privately, would be "the death blow to public broadcasting as I have envisioned it." His health weakened by abdominal surgery, and "convinced that my incompatibility with
administration positions would endanger the system," John Macy resigned the presidency of CPB on August 10, 1972.[43] In the weeks that followed, most of the Corporation's top executives followed suit. The Corporation, created by Congress as a "heat shield" to insulate public broadcasting against political interference, had in five short years become the instrument of that interference.


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NEW YORK ( MainStreet The higher production of oil in the U.S. from new and remote locations could affect gas prices in the near term as extraction costs are ramping up, said industry experts.
While exploration and production companies are now selling oil for $100 a barrel, their profit margins have not kept up and earnings are sliding.
Chevron, Exxon Mobil, Shell and other major oil companies reported weaker earnings recently as they tackle the same problem as many other producers. The cost of producing oil from newer and remote areas from tightly packed formations and deep waters is expensive and not likely to decline soon. Producing oil from some of the formations takes several years and is costly, even with the advent of newer technology as fracking and horizontal drilling.
Gasoline and oil prices could be affected by the higher costs companies are paying to produce the oil.
"The easy oil has been found," said Brian Youngberg, a senior energy analyst at Edward Jones in St. Louis. "The oil we are producing is more expensive to get to and at the same time you have demand picking back up post recession. These factors are helping keep prices high."
Unconventional oil that is being extracted is coming from shale formations that needs fracking or horizontal drilling, deep ocean waters or in Canadian sands that require heat to remove the hydrocarbons, which are both costly and time consuming.
Drilling in the Gulf of Mexico costs about $60 per barrel while production in the Canadian oil sands goes up to $81 a barrel. An onshore field in the U.S. costs about $70, but can go as low as $45 or as high as $95 depending on the location and amount of oil flowing, said Chris Faulkner, CEO of Breitling Energy Companies, a Dallas oil and gas exploration and production company.
Production costs vary by location and some areas can be relatively cheap, said Youngberg. The Canadian oil sands require a more complex method to extract the oil and are usually in remote areas where it is more expensive to get equipment there. To process the oil, steam is used to process and remove the heavy tar. Extreme weather also adds to costs.
The most "attractive" region to drill is the Eagle Ford in South Texas because "shale is not as complex," he said.
Oil shale is becoming a "leading source for growth in domestic oil production," Youngberg wrote in a recent report. "Oil shale is essentially rock containing crude oil, but until recently it was both too expensive and too difficult to produce. We view oil shale as the new frontier for U.S. oil production."
The price of oil is likely to remain at $100 a barrel for the next couple of years as production increases, Youngberg said. Demand for oil appears to be "relatively robust."

subset: commoncrawl


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Lions get on track with win over Leyden
NORTHLAKE – It's not quite do-or-die time for the Lyons Township football team, but the Lions are aware that they don't have much more room for error.
With their backs near but not quite all the way up against the wall, LT picked up a 31-14 win at Leyden on Friday to improve to 1-2 and begin the climb back from its slow start.
Running back Leonard Ross scored three touchdowns, including two in the second half, to help the Lions score the final 21 points of the game.
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britin1729 (britin1729) wrote in qaf_marathons, @ 2012-06-01 21:48:00 |
Entry tags: | season three marathon |
Teh Lovathon - Episode 307
Hello everyone! Are we ready for episode 307 and the fall of the fiddler? My internet is being sluggish for some reason, so bear with me, but we'll start in about ten minutes. :)


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Dolly, a book typeface with flourishes.
The family consist of four fonts:
Dolly Roman is neutral and useful for long texts. It has old-style figures.
Dolly Italic is narrower and lighter in colour than the Roman, and so it can be used to emphasize words within Roman text. More…
available in all of the styles:


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News Releases by Email
News Release
Friday, June 18, 2010
Media contact: Lee Schlesinger, 850-487-0554
The Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC) wants everyone to know that even though some recreational and commercial saltwater fishing seasons have been temporarily extended and people can saltwater fish without a license on Father's Day weekend, all other Florida saltwater fishing regulations are still in effect.
The FWC has recently issued orders to open the recreational bay scallop season 12 days early this year (on June 19), allow additional harvest days and extend open harvest areas for Apalachicola Bay commercial oyster fishermen this summer, and establish a free fishing weekend on June 19-20 to help relieve impacts some Florida fishing communities and industries are experiencing because of the BP Deepwater Horizon oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico.
However, all other commercial and recreational saltwater fishing regulations, including size and bag limits, fishing gear restrictions, seasons and other related provisions remain unchanged and will be enforced. These regulations are available online at MyFWC.com/Rules; click on "Fishing - Saltwater."
FWC Facts:The Saltwater Fishing "Hot Sheet" gives the latest regulatory information for state and federal waters, as well as season updates and other current events in Marine Fisheries.
Learn More at AskFWC


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The Pentax D-SLR Adventure Gadget Bag (Black and Grey) is a small to medium sized messenger-style shoulder bag. It is designed to carry a Pentax D-SLR camera with 1-2 lenses flash and accessories. The bag is made from black Cordura nylon and gray ripstop nylon for accents with stylish green thread stitching. It also has durable rubber feet on the bottom of the bag to prevent scuffing and wear and tear to the bottom of the bag. The Adventure Gadget bag has a zipper top reinforced by a touch fastener fold over flap. There are removable dividers on the inside. It has a top zipper pouch and a front pocket that has a couple of internal pouches for smaller accessories. It also has a zipper pocket on the side and front and a neoprene water bottle-style pocket on the other side. The bag is carried by a handle or a removable adjustable shoulder strap with pad
(based on 2 reviews)
Reviewed by 2 customers
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Bargain Bag
By Scene1
from Joshua Tree, CA
Best Uses
The Pentax Adventure camera shoulder bag is perfect for travelling and hiking. The water bottle pouch is a nice feature. I am a landscape photographer and need a bag that is not a burden on my shoulder and this bag works out fine, I can carry one extra lens plus a couple of filters. I recommend it.
Nice Bag
By Barry Hall
from Englewood Fl
Was pleasently surprised with the quality at just 19 bucks. Perfect for my K 5 and a 55-300 tele plus more in a compact bag. Good looking and should hold up well, cant go wrong here with the matching Pentax logo.


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I have this problem on my windows PC at work: Windows assigns misc ports in a range that JBoss expects to be able to bind to, so if I don't start JBoss first it may not start at all. I work around it by shifting JBoss's ports to some other ports which are not allocated right after boot. But this doesn't really solve the problem.
This feature lets me say to the OS that it should never hand out a specific port unless an app requests it. Yes, you have a race if two processes want to open port 80* as a web server, but now you at least don't have to worry about _something else_ opening port 80 by accident and blocking your webserver.
Sounds like a good idea to me.
*(ok, that port isn't usally one of the randomly assigned ones, but it serves an a example)
Reserved network ports
Posted Feb 25, 2010 17:37 UTC (Thu) by nix (subscriber, #2304) [Link]
Posted Feb 25, 2010 23:26 UTC (Thu) by hppnq (guest, #14462) [Link]
But sure, if the patch is not too intrusive, it can't really hurt. On somewhat recent Windows systems, you actually can reserve ports. ;-)
Posted Feb 26, 2010 6:40 UTC (Fri) by dlang (✭ supporter ✭, #313) [Link]
The other thing that should be made easier is using a port for more than one thing at a time.
a connection is defined by 4 items, source IP, source port, destination IP, destination port.
a listening service is defined by the destination IP and destination port.
Thus you could have a connection from port 1234 on your local IP to some destination while still having a server listening for new connections on port 1234. The kernel can tell when a packet arrives if it is for an existing connection or not.
the only place this can't be done is for connectionless protocols like UDP, but is it really the best thing to block the port from being used by anything else? or would it be good enough to let an app (or a wrapper for the app, possibly including firewall-like logic in the kernel like IPTables uses) define a connection and deliver return traffic on that connection to one app, while delivering other traffic hitting that port to other app(s)?
even on TCP the inability to re-use ports can be a problem. With the default TCP timeouts you cannot do more than ~16,000 connections/sec before you start running out of ports. If ports could be re-used with different remote points this limit would be ~16,000 connections/sec with a single remote IP/port combination
Posted Feb 26, 2010 13:56 UTC (Fri) by hppnq (guest, #14462) [Link]
how would you implement this in userspace without having to change every program (that uses ephemeral ports) on the system? Remember to include closed source and staticly linked programs in your solution.
Just to be clear: you need to reliably bind a specific fixed address in the ip_local_port_range to a socket, where a multitude of other processes may be competing for the same resource. If it is impossible to do this using whatever configuration options the software offers to move the desired port out of ip_local_port_range, or by starting it early enough, or through the use of another layer like inetd or a proxy and/or NAT, I wouldn't rule out admitting defeat and moving it to its own interface or even (virtual) system.
The measures mentioned here need to be considered anyway unless you have good reasons to assume that no other process will attempt to bind(reserved_port), and in any case it seems a bit more reasonable to expect software to honour the concept of an ephemeral port than it is to expect a kernel to facilitate programs that completely ignore it.
Of course, only a fool would run an important service on a fixed ephemeral port without taking additional measures to make sure it is actually the intended service handling the communication.
So to me, the more interesting question would be: what would you do if you had more than one of those programs you mention using the same fixed port number?
Posted Feb 26, 2010 18:29 UTC (Fri) by dlang (✭ supporter ✭, #313) [Link]
if you have multiple programs attempting to explicitly use the same port you have problems, but there should be no reason for the explicitly bound ports to conflict with kernel allocated ports.
Right now ip_local_port_range is a single range of ports. This patch allows the admin of the box to tell the kernel to skip over specific ports in that range. This effectivly makes ip_local_port_range be a list of ranges rather than a single range.
the problem is that right now there _are_ no 'additional measures' that a sysadmin can take to make sure that ephemeral port requests don't get this port other than just narrowing the range of available ports to not include that port, but that can drasticly cut the number of ephemeral ports available to the system.
In the cases where I have two services that need to use the same port I add a second IP address to the interface and bind one service to each IP address. but that isn't the case that these patches are addressing.
Posted Feb 26, 2010 19:29 UTC (Fri) by mrshiny (subscriber, #4266) [Link]
Seems like an obvious improvement to me with no obvious downside.
Sure there are other problems not addressed by this patch, but I feel it _is_ progress. Heck, just put all the ports in /etc/services in here and you're already off to a good start.
Posted Feb 27, 2010 14:39 UTC (Sat) by nix (subscriber, #2304) [Link]
For a while it looked like POHMELFS was just the thing: a faster better more reliable distributed NFS, with pretty much the same system administration model ('oops, I want to make this FS networked, bang, done'). But now Evgeniy has started to move POHMELFS to this elliptics cloud-based thing, and as far as I can tell this requires you to *recreate the filesystem* when you want to POHMELFSize it.
I don't *have* a cloud. I have one or two great big servers and I want to distribute stuff between them and export their filesystems, possibly at short notice, to a bunch of clients. And NFS is slow and inefficient and non-POSIX and generally nasty.
Is there anything better? For a while it looked like POHMELFS would be, but I no longer know. I've been hoping for something better for a couple of decades now...
Posted Feb 28, 2010 22:18 UTC (Sun) by hppnq (guest, #14462) [Link]
I must be starting to sound like I have something against this patch, which is not the case, so I'll drop it here.
Posted Mar 1, 2010 1:14 UTC (Mon) by dlang (✭ supporter ✭, #313) [Link]
Posted Feb 27, 2010 0:18 UTC (Sat) by nlucas (subscriber, #33793) [Link]
Posted Feb 27, 2010 0:33 UTC (Sat) by dlang (✭ supporter ✭, #313) [Link]
Posted Feb 27, 2010 13:52 UTC (Sat) by nix (subscriber, #2304) [Link]
Posted Apr 1, 2012 0:59 UTC (Sun) by foom (subscriber, #14868) [Link]
This new kernel functionality is for the much more common case of basically every program that makes outgoing connections (or does a bind with port specified as 0).
So the kernel functionality does not obsolete bindresvport, and bindresvport does not allow doing what the kernel functionality does.
The bindresvport workaround is necessary, because there isn't really any unallocated space < 1024.
The kernel workaround should really not be necessary, since nobody should actually be allocating fixed ports > 32k. Those are reserved for ephemeral allocation, and there's plenty of <32k ports that people could be using instead. But, a glance in /etc/services shows quite a few *official* services with such ports assigned, never mind all the random ports private services might be incorrectly using. So...despite it being terrible that it's necessary, this feature does sound useful.
Copyright © 2013, Eklektix, Inc. Comments and public postings are copyrighted by their creators. Linux is a registered trademark of Linus Torvalds


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BREAKING NEWS: House Approves Budget Agreement, 332-94
Washington, DC Thursday, February 2, 2012
Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid (D-NV) and other Senate Democrats briefed reporters on legislation that would ban lawmakers and staff from insider trading, also known as the "STOCK Act.". The bill will be up for a vote in the U.S. Senate later this afternoon, at 2pm.
Updated: Thursday, February 2, 2012 at 12:36pm (ET)


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I had some fabric, purchased probably 2 years ago, in my stash ($4 a yard!) that was perfect for some short drapery panels. I thought I'd show you a few basic steps for a more professional look to your custom-made drapes.
Your windows will look best dressed in the appropriate weight textile. Home décor weight fabric is what it is for a reason- it looks best for home décor. Quilting cotton is fun and cute and all kinds of pretty, but it is really light and will not hang properly without lining and a weighted bottom. Lucky for us, a lot of quilting cotton prints also have a home décor weight option, like Amy Butler fabric. And her home décor weight is actually really, really light in comparison.
Does your fabric have a pattern repeat? As in, where does the pattern repeat itself? A good-looking drape matches the pattern on both panels. I didn't have that luxury with my fabric here, but it was random enough that it won't be too noticeable.
If you look at a custom drapery, the hem will be at least a double 4" hem (my mom had some super wealthy person's drapes in her workroom where she had double 8" hems… wider hems = more fabric = more money, especially with fabric that is hundreds of dollars a yard. Absurd.), meaning the hem width of 4" is folded over twice. To do this, fold your hem up 8", and iron.
Then, open that hem back up and align the bottom of your panel with the crease you created at 8".
Flip the hem up one more time, and your raw edge will be concealed in your hem, snug against your original 8" crease. Iron it really crisp and pin.
The trick of a professional hem is to not have a noticeable hem at all. This is done with a blind hem stitch. When I was living in Utah as a poor starving college student, I made drapery panels and since I was borrowing a neighbors machine to do everything, I hand-stitched the hem to achieve this look. It was that important. My sewing machine now has a blind hem foot. Check your sewing machine foot stash and your manual, or watch this convenient clip (she is demonstrating on side hems, FYI) that shows how to do it. I used an industrial blind hemming machine for my panels, but I have used my Bernina foot (#5) plenty of times. It is really easy, and it still looks great.
Ignoring the fact that I haven't ironed anything yet… I actually had the machine set to grab more fabric than was necessary, but once it was ironed, you couldn't see anything at all.
I'm done now, and the curtains are hung. Since I didn't black-out line my drapes, the sun still shines through when my blinds are open during the day.
Since my fabric is white, the light escapes a little easier. But since my girls are afraid of the dark, this is what I needed for their room!
But for play time and just plain aesthetics, these are perfect! I am so excited, and their room was wonderfully warmer last night.
If you are questioning my furniture arranging, don't worry. We were just trying to see how another bed would fit in the room for a few months from now when the baby turns 2 and upgrades. I'm too lazy to stage the room before taking blog pictures, ha!


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A 5 Year-Old Genius Will Blow You Away With His Knowledge
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Adorable five-year-old genius Arden Hayes demonstrates his incredible wealth of knowledge in world geography. His powerful mind (and sheer cuteness) will delight you!
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TYPES OF GALAXIES: There are four classifications of galaxies: spiral, which is a central disk surrounded by a wavy pattern of material; lenticular, which consists of the disk of a spiral galaxy without the surrounding spiral structure; elliptical, which have elongated round shapes; and irregular, which do not fit into the above categories, often because they are distorted by gravitational forces from other astronomical objects.
HOW TELESCOPES WORK: The basic objective of a telescope is to increase the visibility of faraway objects, such as stars. By magnifying the size and brightness of objects, telescopes increase the chance that users will be able to spy items in space. Optical telescopes are what people usually refer to simply as telescopes, the type that magnify the light from faraway objects, but there are other types. These telescopes search for x-rays, gamma rays, or radio waves to help astronomers gather additional information about the universe. The earliest type of optical telescope is called a refracting telescope, which is still used today, for example in a pair of binoculars. The simplest telescope of this type would be two lenses spaced a distance apart. The first lens refracts or bends light so that the rays will converge at a single point (creating a focus), while the other lens (at the eyepiece) is the one that spreads out the light and magnifies it for your eye to see. Reflecting telescopes use curved mirrors to magnify images. This type of telescope was developed after the refracting telescope, and corrected for a problem called chromatic aberration, which causes false colors to appear around the edges of objects -- a big problem when trying to look at the sky!
The American Geophysical Union contributed to the information contained in the TV portion of this report.


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Add Photo Add Comment Printer View
This is an incredibly fun left-facing corner with technical and powerful moves and not many rests. It is climbed via tight fingers - tips, and stemming.
Left side of the wall, past Hole in the Wall but before Crack Attack.
Mostly small gear (Blue-Yellow Aliens), can also place a couple #1 Camalots.
This is a fantastic pitch on par with many of the routes on BOTB getting 3.5 stars. Required exquisite stemming, laybacking, fingerlocking and faceclimbing skills all while placing bomber blue TCUs (need at least 5). Very sustained with some decent at best rests. Deserves classic status for the grade.
Beth Rodden FA 1999 or 2000 Rock near the anchors is a bit soft.
soft for sure....
Don't rely on aliens at the top...
God i was pretty close to getting this one . The whole zippering the gear video is ridiculous. There is great blue metolius tcus,green aliens protecting the first crux where the dude fell. He must have had bad gear placements. Stem hard on this one and send! I actually got through the lower difficult stuff to a good rest....the upper crux is figuring out the gear...difficulty backs down quite a bit...but flared, softer rock is intimidating....remember to bring a set of green,red and gold camalots for the pods on this route. Wonderful climb!
hard for the creek scary lead
Felt a bit soft for 12. Great stemming most of the way, and great gear up high (#1 and #2 Camalots). Sure it gets thin, I even placed a slidernut, but you're above BOMBER gear and there are great footholds. Don't be intimidated.
I whipped on a .2 camelot.. it held! edit post send.. place the red Camelot and run that shit out!


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Fall's Best Beauty Looks
This season, the hottest hair and makeup trends have something for everyone: cheap, fast, and luxe elements that add up to easy styles you'll love. With the expert advice of celebrity makeup artist Troy Surratt and TreSemmé hairstylist Nathaniel Hawkins, you can re-create entire looks at home or choose the touches that work for your budget, your schedule, or, hey, even your lust for luxury.
By Cheryl Kramer Kaye
Smoky Sophisticate
Want to create a little mystery? The gray, smoky eye has evening allure and, says Surratt, "It's flattering for every eye color and skin tone." Paired with a full mane of curls, the effect is utterly irresistible.
Get the Makeup Look
You'll want to do your eyes first, then the rest of your makeup, "Or you'll waste time removing gray powder from everything," says Surratt. To keep this look soft and smoldering, swap liquid liners and pencils for a three-color powder palette with at least one gray shade. Apply the lightest shade first, from lash line to brow, then the medium shade from your lash line up into your crease; the deepest shade goes along both the top and bottom lash line. Finish with black mascara on the top lashes. "Keep the rest of the face minimal, with sheer nudes on lips and cheeks," says Surratt. Polish off the look with a glamorous gray nail shade.
LUXE: Giorgio Armani Blending Blush Duo, $60, has a creamy formula that melts into cheeks.
CHEAP: Avon Glazewear Liquid Lip Color in Classic Nude, $6, is sheer but has just enough coverage to neutralize pink lips.
CHEAP: O.P.I. Nail Lacquer in You Don't Know Jacques, $8.50, is the perfect go-with gray.
FAST: Thick and lush, IsaDora Boost Up Mascara, $15, is a one-coat wonder.
LUXE: YSL Palette Collection Collector Powder for the Eyes, $60, is a gorgeous gold compact with three delicious dusts.
Reprinted with permission of Hearst Communications, Inc.
Smoky Sophisticate
Get the Hair Look
Where do you get the beautiful bounce for this controlled curly coif? "It's all about mousse," says Hawkins. "Mousse is aerated, like bubbles in water, and gives an explosive effect to your hair." Spray your mousse into a vent brush, then rake it through from roots to ends. Give your hair a quick blow-dry using the vent brush as your styling tool. "The rest of this style is easy but labor-intensive," says Hawkins. Mist your entire head with a thermal protective spray and brush it through. Using a ceramic curling iron, curl 2-inch sections of hair from roots to ends, clipping each section into a pin curl as it's completed. When you've done your whole head and the curls have all cooled, take out the clips and brush the curls through with the vent brush. Finger-style your hair into place, then finish with aerosol hairspray, which will let your hair move while keeping its shape.
CHEAP: TreSemmé Thermal Creations Volumizing Mousse, $3.99, boosts curls with protection against both heat and frizz.
LUXE: Redken Real Control Thermal Resist, $15.95, rehydrates hair while shielding it from curling-iron heat.
CHEAP: Jilbére de Paris Porcelain Series Spring Curling Iron, $30, features ceramic technology found in much pricier products.
FAST: Sebastian's Shaper Zero Gravity Lightweight Hairspray, $15.95, dries in a flash.
Reprinted with permission of Hearst Communications, Inc.
Pretty in Pink
Smooth strands with a natural part look best with a similarly simple makeup look: "sister" shades of pink that create color harmony.
Get the Makeup Look
"This is a very natural look, so don't bother with foundation," advises Surratt. Even out skin with a light-reflective moisturizer for a subtle glow. Eyes need only a sheer wash of pink shadow from lash line to brows, followed by a few sweeps of mascara. Coordinate lips and cheeks with a sheer stain in a rosy shade. Let the sweetness extend to your fingertips with a sheer pink nail polish.
FAST: Give nails a quickie coat with Maybelline New York Express Finish Advanced Wear Fast-Dry Nail Color in Passing by Pink, $4.
FAST: Just a few drops of Benefit posietint, $28, on lips and cheeks create a long-lasting, poppy-pink stain.
LUXE: Estée Lauder More Than Mascara, $21, has conditioners for a lustrous lash look.
CHEAP: Prestige Eyeshadow in Ballet, $3.95, is a sweet pink with just a trace of shimmer.
FAST: DuWop Doubleglow7, $25, a balm with reflective pearls, gives skin instant radiance.
Reprinted with permission of Hearst Communications, Inc.
Pretty in Pink
Get the Hair Look
"Brush your hair straight back and see where it naturally splits," says Hawkins. "It's usually slightly off-center, creating a part that opens up the face and looks great on everyone." Start by squirting mousse into a vent brush, then brushing it through your damp hair for an even application. Blow-dry hair with your head upside down, brushing with the vent brush to build volume into the roots, until hair is about 90 percent dry. Flip your head back up and smooth out the surface with a medium-size round brush to give hair "a beautiful bend, rather than the big bounce you'd get with a larger brush," says Hawkins. While hair is still hot, find your natural part and place a Velcro roller on either side of it. Allow your hair to rest for 10 to 20 minutes. "You can get several days out of this blow-dry by just using the rollers to reenergize it," says Hawkins.
LUXE: Supremely unsticky, Kim Vo Root Booster, $22, gives hair volume and softness.
CHEAP: The Conair Fun Gripz brush, $5, is infused with shine-promoting tourmaline.
CHEAP: Only $7, the Brush Strokes 2-inch Round Brush has real boar bristles.
CHEAP: A must-have for every beauty girl's bathroom: Velcro Classic Stylers rollers, $3.50 for 4.
Reprinted with permission of Hearst Communications, Inc.
Sleek Chic
A vinyl 45 is to an iPod as the Robert Palmer girl is to this look an update on the rockin' original.
Get the Makeup Look
"This look is still sexy, but less severe than the '80s version," says Surratt. And that starts with the skin: Your face shouldn't be too powdery or too shimmery. Surratt calls the happy medium "natte natural matte, where skin just looks well-cared for." Eye makeup is minimal. Surratt likes a little concealer and powder on lids to brighten up the eye area. Curl lashes, then apply mascara. Brows have a lush look: Brush them upward and apply a taupey-brown pencil. The mouth shouldn't look perfectly lacquered like the Palmer girls; apply lipstick with your finger, making it boldest at the center of the mouth and lighter as you move outward, "like you've been sucking on a Popsicle," says Surratt. Cheeks need just a little pinkness to pull the look together. Then nail the trend with deep purple lacquer.
FAST: Laura Mercier Undercover Pot, $34, has it all: under-eye and blemish concealer, plus loose powder.
FAST: Tweeze, pencil, and brush your brows with the L'Oréal Paris Brow Stylist Professional, $9.95.
LUXE: Lippmann Collection Pump Up The Jam, $15, is the ultimate rock-and-roll nail shade.
LUXE: Make Up For Ever HD Foundation in #125, $40, gives your skin invisible coverage and a gorgeous glow with high-tech, light-refracting beads.
LUXE: Pür Minerals Shea Butter Lipstick in Black Amethyst, $15, is slightly sheer, so you can build this bold lip look to your own comfort level.
LUXE: Smashbox Blush Rush in Charm, $24, is long-wearing and streak-free.
CHEAP: Sally Hansen Natural Beauty Inspired by Carmindy Lift & Define Mascara, $7.95, gives lashes a soft look.
Reprinted with permission of Hearst Communications, Inc.
Sleek Chic
Get the Hair Look
Hairstylist Hawkins loves slicked-back hair: "It's the perfect second- or third-day hairdo," he says. Apply just a little bit of product: A nongreasy wax is clearly an upgrade from the hard-hold gel of the past. Comb or brush hair back, then go over it again with a 100 percent boar-bristle brush to get "that perfectly smooth finish without the track marks," says Hawkins. Secure hair in a tight ponytail and let the back hang loose. And don't worry if your hair isn't straight, says Hawkins: "Dual texture is really beautiful and modern." Now, rub a little more wax between your palms and scoop up the product with a toothbrush; use it to go over your hairline and to smooth away any flyaways.
LUXE: Aveda Light Elements Defining Whip, $20, is loaded with organic ingredients and is totally grease-free.
LUXE: The Mason Pearson Pure Boar Brush, $130, is a favorite of the pros.
CHEAP: The SwissCo Gold Nylon Bristle Tooth Brush, Medium, is sleek, modern, and only $5.
Reprinted with permission of Hearst Communications, Inc.


text:
Jazzercise is a powerfully fun and effective workout choreographed to today's hottest workout songs from a variety of genres; pop, rock, country, jazz, Latin, and so much more! Be ready to dance off the calories to today's top hits! Check out the latest music list to see what songs you can expect to hear in class!
Judi Sheppard Missett's recent blog on HuffingtonPost.com, "Have a Happy Holiday...» »
More than 1,000 Jazzercise customers and instructors Dance for Life on the USS Midway....» »
KTXL FOX 40 in Sacramento spotlights the Jazzercise Tracy Fitness Center, and dispels the...» »
Jazzercise Founder & CEO Judi Sheppard Missett's Huffington Post Healthy Living...» »


text:
The SNP have trebled their FPTP seats in 2007 compared to 1999. They have continued to gain the confidence of the Scottish people thought their hard work and through their dedication to serving the interests of the Scottish people, rather than being subservient to the interests of Whitehall.
The SNP has listened to and fought for the people of Scotland, from University students who faced paying a graduate endowement fee to pensionsers struggling to pay prescription charges.
A Labour stronghold for the last 50 years, the East End of Glasgow continues to suffer from one of the highest levels of poverty in Europe. Over recent years, while the living standards of some have increased, many others have found thier poverty has deepened, with the Gap between rich and poor widening under Labour. The people of the East End of Glasgow are despondant of Labours constant claims that 'their hands are tied' and their unwillingness to challenge their Leadership in London- no matter how much hardship it brings to their constituents.
It's time they had an MP who was not afraid to stand up for them, to make sure they are heard and their issues raised. The people of the East End deserve better, they deserve a real voice and they need change.
Its time the SNP got the chance to fight for the people of the East End of Glasgow in London. Glasgow East must vote John Mason, SNP.
Scotland has kept many Labour governments in power. Today, Scots feel greatly let down by the rightwing shenanigans of their ain folk (Brown and Darling) in London. Combine this with the SNP's genuine leadership in Scotland and once-clear Labour voters are now being posed a tricky question. Glasgow East will be a tale of two governments: the minority SNP government at Holyrood, which has won hearts and minds in the nation; and the Labour government in Westminster, which is sleepwalking towards political oblivion. Labour are in a lose-lose situation. They will return a dramatically slashed majority at best, probably exacerbated by a painfully low turnout. And while that core of working class Glaswegian voters means chances of an SNP victory are slim, anything can happen. Anything. After all, 20 years ago I would never have conceived of a devolved Scotland led by an SNP government in Holyrood."
Hardeep Singh Kohli, Monday July 14th. Guardian Newspaper.


text:
Browsing CALIBER 2008 Allahabad by Title
Singh, D K; Nazim, Mohammad (Inflibnet center, February 28, 2008)[more][less]
Abstract: Information technology is currently taking center stage and transformed the whole world into a global village with a global economy, which is increasingly dependant on the creative management and distribution of information. The enormous advantages it has in easing the delivery of information around the world. The paper discusses the impact of information technology and role of libraries in the age of knowledge and information societies. It also highlights the problems faced by the Library & Information Service (LIS) sector in India and achievements over the years using modern information technologies. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/1944/1229 Files in this item: 1
3.pdf (77.45Kb) -
Mishra, Chhama; Saxena, Archana (Inflibnet center, February 28, 2008)[more][less]
Abstract: Just like all other aspects of life, the digital revolution has taken on the world of publishing also. With digital publishing coming to the fore, the publishing world has undergone several fundamental changes. Electronic publishing is basically a form of publishing in which books, journals and magazines are being produced and stored electronically rather than in print. These publications have all qualities of the normal publishing like the use of colours, graphics, images and are much convenient also. Electronic publishing empowers all writers in ways that no technology has ever done before. The use of licensed electronic information resources will continue to expand and in some cases become the sole or dominant means of access to content Without violating any issues of privacy or confidentiality we can dramatically enhance our understanding of information use. The paper attempts to discuss the impact of electronic publishing on Library & Information Science area and radical changes in the publishing industry especially with impact of electronic media and Internet. This paper attempted to explain and predict 'LIS' intention of adopting this technology. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/1944/1253 Files in this item: 1
19.pdf (44.90Kb) -
Tripathi, Aditya (INFLIBNET Center, February 28, 2008)[more][less]
Abstract: The technological advancements have enabled people of India to be heard over Internet. The country has a large treasure of written text which warrants a wide circulation and communication. But there are many inherent problems appear at the time of mechanical text processing and representation of Indic scripts. The paper highlights the inherent problems of Indic text processing and suggests a nationwide movement to address them. Paper presents an investigative account of difficulties towards creating digital libraries in Indian languages. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/1944/1235 Files in this item: 1
28.pdf (1.630Mb) -
Sinha, Manoj Kumar (Inflibnet center, February 28, 2008)[more][less]
Abstract: The of the paper deals with the brief introduction of ICT, Internet and brief account of the status of Higher Education in India , role of UGC in imparting quality education, and Refresher and Orientation Courses being offered by the Academic Colleges of India with special reference to Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla. Further, described in the paper about the need and purpose of the study, objectives, methodology adopted and finally highlights the important survey findings in respect of ICT Awareness and Internet Use pattern of the participants of the refresher course. Besides this, some suggestions and recommendations have also been enumerated in brief. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/1944/1243 Files in this item: 1
9.pdf (59.99Kb) -
Majumdar, S; Singh, Rajesh (INFLIBNET Center, February 28, 2008)[more][less]
Abstract: Defines Information Literacy and introduces the need of Information Literacy Program (ILP) in academic libraries. Deliberates the objectives of ILP in Delhi University Library System (DULS). Describes the methodology adopted to conduct ILP in DULS for Social Sciences. Explains the presentations as vital tool to conduct ILP. Analyzes the feed back of the audience shows that such programs are very essential to reap the full benefit of ICT, Internet and other digital resources. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/1944/1321 Files in this item: 1
71.pdf (63.34Kb) -
Chowdhary, K R (INFLIBNET Center, February 28, 2008)[more][less]
Abstract: An Information Retrieval-cum-Extraction system for retrieving information from Digital Libraries using combination of Bayesian Probabilistic and fuzzy logic based possibilistic inferences has been developed and tested. The proposed method resolves the true similarity between documents and information need specified in the form of user query using fuzzy techniques. Final results have been found to be impressive and are close to an idealistic situation. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/1944/1225 Files in this item: 1
24.pdf (117.1Kb) -
Pattanaik, Bibhuti Bhusan; Pattanaik, Babita (INFLIBNET Center, February 28, 2008)[more][less]
Abstract: During the past two decades, internet has evolved with many new techniques and tools such as Email list, Bulletin board, Listserves, Usenet, IRC, Wikis and Blog. These have been becoming an important part of virtual community and contribute to human life in various aspects like social, educational, political and business. In this web-world, probably weblog (so called blog), has become the newest communication medium that publish "what's new" page online. In other sense, it is a supplement web page as well as a referring tool to promote its regular web-site, by refreshing and updating news. Blog may indeed be a greater milestone in the history of publishing. In this article, author have stressed fundamentally on blogs and their global proliferation and implementation for libraries. Also the solid motive behind the title entitled "A journey from weblog to library blog" is to indicate the role of weblog and how it would helpful to library in all means for creating a social network among e-library environment. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/1944/1280 Files in this item: 1
52.pdf (597.2Kb) -
Barman, Badan (INFLIBNET Center, February 28, 2008)[more][less]
Abstract: Knol means a unit of knowledge. It is a Google's project to create an open encyclopedia covering all aspect of human knowledge. Currently it is in beta mode. The project hopes to through out the use of inappropriate web content for research purpose, as it is happening now a day. The author(s) also can earn revenue from their intellectual contribution made to Knol if they want to do so. This paper is of review type of the articles published over internet from the announcement of knol i.e. 13th December, 2007 to 13th January, 2008, due attention is also given to describe the probable application of Knol in Library and Information Science. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/1944/1287 Files in this item: 1
55.pdf (506.5Kb) -
Kushwah, Shivpal Singh; Gautam, J N; Singh, Ritu (Inflibnet center, February 28, 2008)[more][less]
Abstract: Open source solutions have made their impact on areas of information knowledge and content management. Library automation system is one of the areas concerned to library community. It is a big challenge for the libraries when they select the automation product for their library, where one has to decide from various options available for the automation product such as commercial, non for profit and open source. The paper describes the observations and makes comparisons on the basis of discussion had with the library community using automation software in India. It also includes the information available in related literature. Features of library automation software, which are mostly in practice by libraries i.e. Libsys and SOUL, are compared with open source system KOHA. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/1944/1247 Files in this item: 1
13.pdf (51.95Kb) -
Maheta, Mahendra (Inflibnet center, February 28, 2008)[more][less]
Abstract: It seems to recall a time when protocols and standards were two different things. In the past couple of years, the craze over new protocols has seemingly breathed new life into library information technology, replacing the doldrums of standards with the hope of new, universally accepted protocols. It must be admitted that to being too young to have been there, but It would be wonder if things felt like this when MARC and Z39.50 were poised to change the world of library automation. MARC and Z39.50? It's XML and Open URL, and the Open Archives Initiative. In this paper I tried throwing light on ability to search the resources with a single interface. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/1944/1296 Files in this item: 1
43.pdf (68.49Kb) -
Singh, Sanjay Kumar; Deka, Prasanta Kumar (INFLIBNET Center, February 28, 2008)[more][less]
Abstract: The enormous growth of the web, starting from zero to everything in the last decade, has forced us to believe in the impossible again. It might be the long-heralded great library of all knowledge really being within our grip? Today we need a building about the size of a small-town library to house 50 petabytes. With the advancement of tomorrow's technology, it will fit into our iPod or may be some new device, which can store large amount of data. When that happens, the library of all libraries will ride in our purse or every individual's pocket. If it doesn't plug directly into our brain with thin white cords… Converting inked letters into electronic dots that can be read on a screen is simply the first essential step in creating this new library. The real magic will come in the second act, as each word in each book is cross-linked, clustered, cited, extracted, indexed, analyzed, annotated, remixed, reassembled and woven deeper into the culture than ever before. In the new world of books, every bit informs another; every page reads all the other pages… This paper mainly discusses about the long tail as an emerging technology for libraries in the network environme URI: http://hdl.handle.net/1944/1282 Files in this item: 1
53.pdf (84.05Kb) -
Naidu, G H S; Rajput, Prabhat Singh (Inflibnet center, February 28, 2008)[more][less]
Abstract: The paper gives a comprehensive idea about metadata. Describes definition, need and categories. Explains DC and MARC metadata standards and its elements. Discuses the different type of metadata and their functions. Metadata harvester provides indexes or harvests metadata, from different open archives and open access journals. The study attempts to know Open Access Initiative Protocol for Metadata Harvesting (OAI-PMH) and available Harvesting services in India. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/1944/1304 Files in this item: 1
46.pdf (136.6Kb) -
Kumar, Vinit (Inflibnet center, February 28, 2008)[more][less]
Abstract: Since the days of Cutter, tools to access the resources of libraries are changing their structure and interface rapidly and dramatically to fulfill the dynamic user needs. Today almost every library user comes with expectations set and defined by their experience of using the Web. So the catalogues, which are offered by the libraries, need to operate at the same level of sophistication as other popular Web destinations. The "next generation" library catalog is a tool designed to fit into this shifting environment and move librarianship into a more active role when it comes to increasing the sphere of knowledge. The purpose of the paper to examine the present developments and explores the likely future developments in re-designing the OPAC to support resource discovery. The different ongoing developments follow a unique approach, but one thread that is common in all of them is that they involve a desire to go far beyond the capabilities of legacy catalogues and give library users more powerful and appealing tools. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/1944/1283 Files in this item: 1
38.pdf (102.4Kb) -
Upadhyay, Navin; Chakraborty, Hirak Kanti (INFLIBNET Center, February 28, 2008)[more][less]
Abstract: Remote access to online catalogues and bibliographic data bases has altered library use patterns over the past decade. Library statistics shows fewer patrons entering the library as more resources become available online and patrons given access from their desktops. This paper descries the use of online journals and databases and their awareness among researchers of IT-BHU. In this case study, a survey was conducted using questionnaire, to collect the data. This paper examines the researcher's awareness and use of online journals and databases available through UGCinfonet, INDEST and university library. Finally, it highlights the suggestions given by the user's for improvement of online resources. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/1944/1316 Files in this item: 1
69.pdf (83.21Kb) -
Babbar, Parveen; Chandhok, Seema (INFLIBNET Center, February 28, 2008)[more][less]
Abstract: 21st century web savvy people believe that one day everything ever created by humans will be available online. Call it the myth or a truth it is the future of Digital Libraries. Because there is unlimited real estate in cyberspace and because media can be digitized, we can fill cyberspace with all human knowledge and give everyone access to it. Information in all forms is recognized as a very valuable and powerful resource, forcing information management disciplines to become highly professional and technologically updated. All information in any recorded format can be conveyed in one common format—digital. This paints the vision of a sweeping and awesome potential of "Paperless Society". This paper is intended to describe the technology trends in digital libraries, discuss key issues involved in digital library implementation, and provide some new future trends of digital library. The paper takes up the future concepts like Digital Classrooms, Digital Talking Books, Verbal Society, Paperless Society and Untethered Communication. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/1944/1237 Files in this item: 1
29.pdf (79.43Kb) -
Sinha, Manoj Kumar (Inflibnet center, February 28, 2008)[more][less]
Abstract: The manpower is very important aspect in implementing an automated system/computerisation in the library and establishing a digital library for it. The librarian and other library staff play an important role in the process of establishing digital library, networking of digital libraries for information sharing. During the implementation of extending digital library activities, librarian should ensure a proper coordination of the activities in the library. Library professionals should be aware of handling modern technology and electronic gadgets. Therefore technology to awareness of library professionals and their participation in the library automation, networking and digitisation project is important for successful installation of modern system or in organising IT based digital library services. It is equally important that library professionals & staff should have computer knowledge and professional experience. Their involvement in the development of modern digital system is essential for successful implementation. The present paper highlights the concept of manpower planning, definition of human resource development, need of human resource and manpower planning for library activities, continuing education programme (CEP) for LIS professionals, role of various national level library organisations (both Government and associations) for imparting IT training for running modern libraries in network and digital environment. It also highlights the importance of manpower planning and need of trained workforce for implementing the computerised library and information services for the end users. The status of various categories of library professionals, other administrative staff working in the library, the requirement of IT training for them, role of various agencies imparting training to the LIS professionals & other staff are described in brief. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/1944/1250 Files in this item: 1
16.pdf (70.58Kb) -
Chand Saha, Nimai; Sain, Chitta Ranjan; De, Mrittunjoy (Inflibnet center, February 28, 2008)[more][less]
Abstract: This paper trying to find out the present state of the automation and the application of IT in the light of the problem and prospects of college libraries of rural area of Bankura Subdivision under the District of Bankura, West Bengal. It is suppose that the users of academic community start the library access from their college education. Therefore, it is very much essential to pay enough attention for the development of the automation system in the libraries of the College even of the rural areas. In this juncture, the paper attempts to find out the problems of the building of automated college library services. Finally, on the basis of the questionnaire and interview some suggestions or guidelines are provided at the end of the paper for the development & implementation of the automation and E-awareness program. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/1944/1246 Files in this item: 1
12.pdf (108.4Kb) -
Saha, Nimai Chand; Nandi, Subodh Gopal; Ghosh, Koushik (Inflibnet center, February 28, 2008)[more][less]
Abstract: This study attempts to find out the familiarity, popularity and utility of E-journals to the science scholars of Visva-Bharati, a central University. In view of this the paper tries to highlight the present position of Visva-Bharati University Library, UGC-Infonet E-journals consortium approach on the one side and on the other side the thinking and satisfaction of the science scholars about the using ejournals to their respective research area. Finally, on the basis of the findings follows the data analysis and interpretation which are collected through the questionnaire cum interview method, the paper provide some suggestion for the uplift of the present e-journal status of the library of this University as a whole. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/1944/1323 Files in this item: 1
72.pdf (393.3Kb) -
Mezbah-ul-Islam, Muhammad; Akter, Rowshon; Sawad bin Shahid, Mohammad (Inflibnet center, February 28, 2008)[more][less]
Abstract: College libraries have significant role in preparation of dynamic future leaders by offering students lucrative services so that users can learn the process of how to enter methods of higher research oriented studies gradually. To do so professional library manpower is a great concern. This study is an attempt to identify the present status of manpower pattern along with providing services of college libraries at capital city Dhaka, Bangladesh and recommended some suggestions regarding the development of library manpower structure. The Study based on primary as well as secondary information and data has been collected adapting questionnaire and interview method. The finding of the study shows that the structure of college library personnel is insufficient to maintain a modern library system. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/1944/1242 Files in this item: 1
8.pdf (92.63Kb) -
Pathak, S K; Pal, Mita (Inflibnet center, February 28, 2008)[more][less]
Abstract: Today's savvy library users are starting to equate the library Web site with the physical library. The purpose of this study was to assess the content management and usability of an academic library Web site. This paper presents the major findings from evaluation of library Web sites of all IITs in India on the World Wide Web. This paper includes a brief examination of services provided on the Web sites in general and concerning library Web sites in particular. A new list of criteria for evaluation of academic libraries is compiled. URI: 978-81-902079-6-6 Files in this item: 1
36.pdf (468.2Kb)


text:
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In this comedy a trio of undercover government cops in Miami decide that it would be a good idea to open a bogus fencing operation so they can trap criminals. When the crooks find out, trouble ensues and the fun begins. ~ Sandra Brennan, Rovi
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I love news pictures that pay homage to other famous images. Movie directors do this all the time. Orson Welles' "Citizen Kane" (1941) painted a devastating portrait of a fictional politician (based on William Randolph Hearst) whose ego and image was larger than life. Do you think today's photojournalists are channeling "Citizen Kane" when they do their version of "Citizen Obama" and "Citizen Clinton"?
Reed Saxon/AP
Orson Welles (left) as Charles Foster Kane in the film "Citizen Kane." (Keystone/Getty Images) Barack Obama (top left) addresses the American Federation of State, County and Municipal Employees (AFSCME) June 19, 2007 in Washington, DC. (Chip Somodevilla/Getty Images) Hillary Rodham Clinton (below right), speaks to the United States Conference of Mayors 75th annual meeting in Los Angeles Friday, June 22, 2007.