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Frederick Douglass
Frederick Douglass | |
Douglass, circa 1874
Born | Frederick Augustus Washington Bailey c. February 1818[1] Talbot County, Maryland, U.S. |
Died | February 20, 1895 (aged 77) Washington, D.C., United States |
Occupation | Abolitionist, author, editor, diplomat |
Spouse(s) | Anna Murray-Douglass (1838–1882) (her death) Helen Pitts (1884–1895) (his death) |
Children | 5 |
Parents | Harriet Bailey and perhaps Aaron Anthony[2] |
Signature |
Frederick Douglass (born Frederick Augustus Washington Bailey, c. February 1818[3] – February 20, 1895) was an African-American social reformer, orator, writer and statesman. After escaping from slavery, he became a leader of the abolitionist movement, gaining note for his dazzling oratory[4] and incisive antislavery writing. He stood as a living counter-example to slaveholders' arguments that slaves did not have the intellectual capacity to function as independent American citizens.[5][6] Many Northerners also found it hard to believe that such a great orator had been a slave.[7]
Douglass wrote several autobiographies, eloquently describing his experiences in slavery in his 1845 autobiography, Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave, which became influential in its support for abolition. He wrote two more autobiographies, with his last, Life and Times of Frederick Douglass, published in 1881 and covering events through and after the Civil War. After the Civil War, Douglass remained active in the United States' struggle to reach its potential as a "land of the free." Douglass actively supported women's suffrage. Without his approval, he became the first African American nominated for Vice President of the United States as the running mate of Victoria Woodhull on the impracticable and small Equal Rights Party ticket.[8] Douglass held multiple public offices.
Douglass was a firm believer in the equality of all people, whether black, female, Native American, or recent immigrant, famously quoted as saying, "I would unite with anybody to do right and with nobody to do wrong."[9]
Life as a slave
Frederick Augustus Washington Bailey was born into slavery in Talbot County, Maryland, and named by his mother, Harriet Bailey. It was rumored that his father was their master. The plantation was located between Hillsboro[10] and Cordova. His birthplace was likely his grandmother's shack east of Tappers Corner (38°53′04″N 75°57′29″W / 38.8845°N 75.958°W) and west of Tuckahoe Creek.[11][12] Years later, after escaping to the North, he took the surname Douglass, having already dropped use of his two middle names.
The exact date of Douglass' birth is unknown. He later chose to celebrate it on February 14.[3] The exact year is also unknown (on the first page of Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave, he stated: "I have no accurate knowledge of my age, never having seen any authentic record containing it.")[10][13] He spoke of his earliest times with his mother:
- "The opinion was ... whispered that my master was my father; but of the correctness of this opinion I know nothing.... My mother and I were separated when I was but an infant.... It [was] common custom, in the part of Maryland from which I ran away, to part children from their mothers at a very early age.
"I do not recollect ever seeing my mother by the light of day. ... She would lie down with me, and get me to sleep, but long before I waked she was gone."[14]
He was taken from his mother at an early age and lived with his maternal grandmother, Betty Bailey. His mother died when Douglass was about ten. At age seven, Douglass was separated from his grandmother and moved to the Wye House plantation, where Aaron Anthony worked as overseer.[15] When Anthony died, Douglass was given to Lucretia Auld, wife of Thomas Auld. She sent Douglass to serve Thomas' brother Hugh Auld in Baltimore.
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When Douglass was about twelve years old, Hugh Auld's wife Sophia started teaching him the alphabet, although it was illegal to teach slaves to read. Douglass described her as a kind and tender-hearted woman, who treated the boy the way one human being ought to treat another. When Hugh Auld discovered her activity, he strongly disapproved, saying that if a slave learned to read, he would become dissatisfied with his condition and desire freedom. Douglass later referred to this statement as the "first decidedly antislavery lecture" he had ever heard.[16] As told in his autobiography, Douglass succeeded in learning to read from white children in the neighborhood and by observing the writings of men with whom he worked. Mrs. Auld one day saw Douglass reading a newspaper; she ran over to him and snatched it from him, with a face that said education and slavery were incompatible with each other.
He continued, secretly, to teach himself how to read and write. Douglass is noted as saying that "knowledge is the pathway from slavery to freedom."[17] As Douglass began to read newspapers, political materials, and books of every description, he was exposed to a new realm of thought that led him to question and condemn the institution of slavery. In later years, Douglass credited The Columbian Orator, which he discovered at about age twelve, with clarifying and defining his views on freedom and human rights.
When Douglass was hired out to William Freeland, he taught other slaves on the plantation to read the New Testament at a weekly Sunday school. As word spread, the interest among slaves in learning to read was so great that in any week, more than 40 slaves would attend lessons. For about six months, their study went relatively unnoticed. While Freeland was complacent about their activities, other plantation owners became incensed that their slaves were being educated. One Sunday they burst in on the gathering, armed with clubs and stones, to disperse the congregation permanently.
In 1833, Thomas Auld took Douglass back from Hugh after a dispute ("[a]s a means of punishing Hugh," Douglass wrote). Dissatisfied with Douglass, Thomas Auld sent him to work for Edward Covey, a poor farmer who had a reputation as a "slave-breaker." He whipped Douglass regularly. The sixteen-year-old Douglass was nearly broken psychologically by his ordeal under Covey, but he finally rebelled against the beatings and fought back. After losing a physical confrontation with Douglass, Covey never tried to beat him again.[18]
From slavery to freedom
Douglass first tried to escape from Freeland, who had hired him out from his owner Colonel Lloyd, but was unsuccessful. In 1836, he tried to escape from his new owner Covey, but failed again. In 1837, Douglass met and fell in love with Anna Murray, a free black woman in Baltimore about five years older than he was. Her freedom strengthened his belief in the possibility of gaining his own freedom.[19]
On September 3, 1838, Douglass successfully escaped by boarding a train to Havre de Grace, Maryland. Dressed in a sailor's uniform, provided to him by Murray, who also gave him part of her savings to cover his travel costs, he carried identification papers which he had obtained from a free black seaman.[19][20][21] He crossed the Susquehanna River by ferry at Havre de Grace, then continued by train to Wilmington, Delaware. From there he went by steamboat to "Quaker City" (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania), and continued to the safe house of abolitionist David Ruggles in New York City; the whole journey took less than 24 hours.[22]
Frederick Douglass later wrote of his arrival in New York:
I have often been asked, how I felt when first I found myself on free soil. And my readers may share the same curiosity. There is scarcely anything in my experience about which I could not give a more satisfactory answer. A new world had opened upon me. If life is more than breath, and the 'quick round of blood,' I lived more in one day than in a year of my slave life. It was a time of joyous excitement which words can but tamely describe. In a letter written to a friend soon after reaching New York, I said: 'I felt as one might feel upon escape from a den of hungry lions.' Anguish and grief, like darkness and rain, may be depicted; but gladness and joy, like the rainbow, defy the skill of pen or pencil.[23]
Once Douglass had arrived, he sent for Murray to follow him to New York; she arrived with the necessary basics for them to set up a home. They were married on September 15, 1838, by a black Presbyterian minister eleven days after his arrival in New York.[19][22] At first, they adopted Johnson as their married name.[19]
Abolitionist activities
The couple settled in New Bedford, Massachusetts. After meeting and staying with Nathan and Mary Johnson, they adopted Douglass as their married name.[19] Douglass joined several organizations, including a black church, and regularly attended abolitionist meetings. He subscribed to William Lloyd Garrison's weekly journal The Liberator. In 1841 he first heard Garrison speak at a meeting of the Bristol Anti-Slavery Society. At one of these meetings, Douglass was unexpectedly invited to speak.
After he told his story, he was encouraged to become an anti-slavery lecturer. Douglass was inspired by Garrison and later stated that "no face and form ever impressed me with such sentiments [of the hatred of slavery] as did those of William Lloyd Garrison." Garrison was likewise impressed with Douglass and wrote of him in The Liberator. Several days later, Douglass delivered his first speech at the Massachusetts Anti-Slavery Society's annual convention in Nantucket. Then 23 years old, Douglass conquered his nervousness and gave an eloquent speech about his rough life as a slave.
In 1843, Douglass participated in the American Anti-Slavery Society's Hundred Conventions project, a six-month tour of meeting halls throughout the Eastern and Midwestern United States. During this tour, he was frequently accosted, and at a lecture in Pendleton, Indiana, was chased and beaten by an angry mob before being rescued by a local Quaker family, the Hardys. His hand was broken in the attack; it healed improperly and bothered him for the rest of his life.[24] A stone marker in Falls Park in the Pendleton Historic District commemorates this event.
Douglass' best-known work is his first autobiography Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave, published in 1845. At the time, some skeptics questioned whether a black man could have produced such an eloquent piece of literature. The book received generally positive reviews and became an immediate bestseller. Within three years of its publication, it had been reprinted nine times with 11,000 copies circulating in the United States; it was also translated into French and Dutch and published in Europe.
Douglass published three versions of his autobiography during his lifetime (and revised the third of these), each time expanding on the previous one. The 1845 Narrative, which was his biggest seller, was followed by My Bondage and My Freedom in 1855. In 1881, after the Civil War, Douglass published Life and Times of Frederick Douglass, which he revised in 1892.
Travels to Ireland and Britain
Douglass' friends and mentors feared that the publicity would draw the attention of his ex-owner, Hugh Auld, who might try to get his "property" back. They encouraged Douglass to tour Ireland, as many former slaves had done. Douglass set sail on the Cambria for Liverpool on August 16, 1845, and arrived in Ireland as the Irish Potato Famine was beginning.
"Eleven days and a half gone and I have crossed three thousand miles of the perilous deep. Instead of a democratic government, I am under a monarchical government. Instead of the bright, blue sky of America, I am covered with the soft, grey fog of the Emerald Isle [Ireland]. I breathe, and lo! the chattel [slave] becomes a man. I gaze around in vain for one who will question my equal humanity, claim me as his slave, or offer me an insult. I employ a cab—I am seated beside white people—I reach the hotel—I enter the same door—I am shown into the same parlour—I dine at the same table—and no one is offended... I find myself regarded and treated at every turn with the kindness and deference paid to white people. When I go to church, I am met by no upturned nose and scornful lip to tell me, 'We don't allow niggers in here!'" – from My Bondage and My Freedom.
He also met and befriended the Irish nationalist Daniel O'Connell[25] who was to prove to be a great inspiration.[26]
Douglass spent two years in Ireland and Britain, where he gave many lectures in churches and chapels. His draw was such that some facilities were "crowded to suffocation"; an example was his hugely popular London Reception Speech, which Douglass delivered at Alexander Fletcher's Finsbury Chapel in May 1846. Douglass remarked that in England he was treated not "as a color, but as a man."[27]
During this trip Douglass became legally free, as British supporters raised funds to purchase his freedom from his American owner Thomas Auld.[27] British sympathizers led by Ellen Richardson of Newcastle upon Tyne collected the money needed.[28] In 1846 Douglass met with Thomas Clarkson, one of the last living British abolitionists, who had persuaded Parliament to abolish slavery in Great Britain and its colonies.[29] Many tried to encourage Douglass to remain in England to be truly free of the fear of chains, but with three million of his black brethren in bondage in the US, he left England in spring of 1847.[27]
Return to the United States
After returning to the US, Douglass produced some abolitionist newspapers: The North Star, Frederick Douglass Weekly, Frederick Douglass' Paper, Douglass' Monthly and New National Era. The motto of The North Star was "Right is of no Sex – Truth is of no Color – God is the Father of us all, and we are all brethren." The abolitionist newspapers were mainly funded by supporters in England, who had sent him five hundred pounds to use as he chose.[27]
In September 1848, Douglass published a letter addressed to his former master, Thomas Auld, berating him for his conduct, and enquiring after members of his family still held by Auld.[30][31] In a graphic passage, Douglass asked Auld how he would feel if Douglass had come to take away his daughter Amanda as a slave, treating her the way he and members of his family had been treated by Auld.[30][31]
Women's rights
In 1848, Douglass was the only African American to attend the first women's rights convention, the Seneca Falls Convention.[32][33] Elizabeth Cady Stanton asked the assembly to pass a resolution asking for women's suffrage.[34] Many of those present opposed the idea, including influential Quakers James and Lucretia Mott.[35] Douglass stood and spoke eloquently in favor; he said that he could not accept the right to vote as a black man if women could not also claim that right. He suggested that the world would be a better place if women were involved in the political sphere.
"In this denial of the right to participate in government, not merely the degradation of woman and the perpetuation of a great injustice happens, but the maiming and repudiation of one-half of the moral and intellectual power of the government of the world."[35]
Douglass' powerful words rang true with enough attendees that the resolution passed.[35][36]
Later, after the Civil War when the 15th Amendment was being debated, Douglass split with the Stanton-led faction of the women's rights movement, because he was in favor of the amendment, which would grant suffrage to black men. Stanton was against the 15th Amendment because she predicted its passage would delay for decades the cause for women's right to vote—she argued that American women and black men should band together to fight for universal suffrage, and that any bill which split the issues should be dismissed.[37] Douglass and Stanton both knew that there was not yet enough male support for women's right to vote, but that the chances were good in the late 1860s to pass an amendment giving black men the vote. Stanton wanted to attach women's suffrage to black men's suffrage so that her cause would be carried to success, but Douglass felt that it was too risky, that there was only just enough support for black men's suffrage, and that the attachment of women's suffrage would result in failure for both. Douglass argued that white women, already empowered by their connection to fathers, husbands, and brothers, at least vicariously had the vote. African-American women, he believed, would have the same degree of empowerment as white women once African-American men had the vote.[38] Douglass assured the American women that at no time had he ever argued against women's right to vote.[39]
Douglass refines his ideology
In 1851, Douglass merged the North Star with Gerrit Smith's Liberty Party Paper to form Frederick Douglass' Paper, which was published until 1860. Douglass came to agree with Smith and Lysander Spooner that the United States Constitution was an anti-slavery document.
This reversed his earlier agreement with William Lloyd Garrison that it was pro-slavery. Garrison had publicly expressed his opinion by burning copies of the document. Further contributing to their growing separation, Garrison was worried that the North Star competed with his own National Anti-Slavery Standard and Marius Robinson's Anti-Slavery Bugle. Douglass' change of position on the Constitution was one of the most notable incidents of the division in the abolitionist movement after the publication of Spooner's book The Unconstitutionality of Slavery in 1846. This shift in opinion, and other political differences, created a rift between Douglass and Garrison. Douglass further angered Garrison by saying that the Constitution could and should be used as an instrument in the fight against slavery.
On July 5, 1852, Douglass delivered an address to the Ladies of the Rochester Anti-Slavery Sewing Society, which eventually became known as "What to the slave is the 4th of July?" It was a blistering attack on the hypocrisy of the United States in general and the Christian church in particular.[40]
Douglass believed that education was the key for African Americans to improve their lives. For this reason, he was an early advocate for desegregation of schools. In the 1850s, he was especially outspoken in New York. The facilities and instruction for African-American children were vastly inferior. Douglass criticized the situation and called for court action to open all schools to all children. He stated that inclusion within the educational system was a more pressing need for African Americans than political issues such as suffrage.
Douglass was acquainted with the radical abolitionist John Brown, but disapproved of Brown's plan to start an armed slave rebellion in the South. Brown visited Douglass' home two months before he led the raid on the federal armory in Harpers Ferry. After the raid, Douglass fled for a time to Canada, fearing guilt by association and arrest as a co-conspirator. Douglass believed that the attack on federal property would enrage the American public. Douglass later shared a stage at a speaking engagement in Harpers Ferry with Andrew Hunter, the prosecutor who successfully convicted Brown.
In March 1860, Douglass' youngest daughter Annie died in Rochester, New York, while he was still in England. Douglass returned from England the following month. He took a route through Canada to avoid detection.
Civil War years
Before the Civil War
By the time of the Civil War, Douglass was one of the most famous black men in the country, known for his orations on the condition of the black race and on other issues such as women's rights. His eloquence gathered crowds at every location. His reception by leaders in England and Ireland added to his stature.
Fight for emancipation and suffrage
Douglass and the abolitionists argued that because the aim of the Civil War was to end slavery, African Americans should be allowed to engage in the fight for their freedom. Douglass publicized this view in his newspapers and several speeches. Douglass conferred with President Abraham Lincoln in 1863 on the treatment of black soldiers, and with President Andrew Johnson on the subject of black suffrage.
President Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation, which took effect on January 1, 1863, declared the freedom of all slaves in Confederate-held territory.[41] (Slaves in Union-held areas and Northern states would become freed with the adoption of the 13th Amendment on December 6, 1865.) Douglass described the spirit of those awaiting the proclamation: "We were waiting and listening as for a bolt from the sky ... we were watching ... by the dim light of the stars for the dawn of a new day ... we were longing for the answer to the agonizing prayers of centuries."[42]
During the U.S. Presidential Election of 1864, Douglass supported John C. Frémont. Douglass was disappointed that President Lincoln did not publicly endorse suffrage for black freedmen. Douglass believed that since African-American men were fighting in the American Civil War, they deserved the right to vote.[43]
With the North no longer obliged to return slaves to their owners in the South, Douglass fought for equality for his people. He made plans with Lincoln to move the liberated slaves out of the South. During the war, Douglass helped the Union by serving as a recruiter for the 54th Massachusetts Regiment. His son Frederick Douglass Jr. also served as a recruiter and his other son, Lewis Douglass, fought for the 54th Massachusetts Regiment at the Battle of Fort Wagner.
Slavery everywhere in the United States was outlawed by the post-war (1865) ratification of the 13th Amendment. The 14th Amendment provided for citizenship and equal protection under the law. The 15th Amendment protected all citizens from being discriminated against in voting because of race.[37]
Lincoln's death
At the unveiling of the Emancipation Memorial in Washington's Lincoln Park, Douglass was the keynote speaker for the dedication service on April 14, 1876. In his speech, Douglass spoke frankly about Lincoln, noting what he perceived as both the positive and negative attributes of the late President. He called Lincoln "the white man's president" and cited his tardiness in joining the cause of emancipation. He noted that Lincoln initially opposed the expansion of slavery but did not support its elimination. But Douglass also asked, "Can any colored man, or any white man friendly to the freedom of all men, ever forget the night which followed the first day of January 1863, when the world was to see if Abraham Lincoln would prove to be as good as his word?"[44] At this speech he also said: "Though Mr. Lincoln shared the prejudices of his white fellow-countrymen against the Negro, it is hardly necessary to say that in his heart of hearts he loathed and hated slavery...."
The crowd, roused by his speech, gave him a standing ovation. A long-told anecdote claims that the widow Mary Lincoln gave Lincoln's favorite walking stick to Douglass in appreciation. Lincoln's walking stick still rests in Douglass' house known as Cedar Hill.
In his last autobiography, The Life & Times of Frederick Douglass, Douglass referred to Lincoln as America's "greatest President."
Reconstruction era
After the Civil War, Douglass was appointed to several political positions. He served as president of the Reconstruction-era Freedman's Savings Bank; and as chargé d'affaires for the Dominican Republic. After two years, he resigned from his ambassadorship because of disagreements with U.S. government policy. In 1872, he moved to Washington, D.C., after his house on South Avenue in Rochester, New York, burned down; arson was suspected. Also lost was a complete issue of The North Star.
In 1868, Douglass supported the presidential campaign of Ulysses S. Grant. President Grant signed into law the Klan Act and the second and third Enforcement Acts. Grant used their provisions vigorously, suspending habeas corpus in South Carolina and sending troops there and into other states; under his leadership over 5,000 arrests were made and the Ku Klux Klan received a serious blow. Grant's vigor in disrupting the Klan made him unpopular among many whites, but Frederick Douglass praised him. An associate of Douglass wrote of Grant that African Americans "will ever cherish a grateful remembrance of his name, fame and great services."
In 1872, Douglass became the first African American nominated for Vice President of the United States, as Victoria Woodhull's running mate on the Equal Rights Party ticket. He was nominated without his knowledge. During the campaign, he neither campaigned for the ticket nor acknowledged that he had been nominated.[8]
Douglass continued his speaking engagements. On the lecture circuit, he spoke at many colleges around the country during the Reconstruction era, including Bates College in Lewiston, Maine, in 1873. He continued to emphasize the importance of voting rights and exercise of suffrage. In a speech delivered on November 15, 1867, Douglass said: "A man's rights rest in three boxes. The ballot box, jury box and the cartridge box. Let no man be kept from the ballot box because of his color. Let no woman be kept from the ballot box because of her sex."[45][46]
In 1877, Douglass visited Thomas Auld, who was by then on his deathbed, and the two men reconciled. Douglass had met with Auld's daughter, Amanda Auld Sears, some years prior; she had requested the meeting and had subsequently attended and cheered one of Douglass' speeches. Her father told her she had done well in reaching out to Douglass. The visit appears to have brought closure to Douglass, although he received some criticism for making it.[30]
White insurgents had quickly arisen in the South after the war, organizing first as secret vigilante groups like the Ku Klux Klan. Through the years, armed insurgency took different forms, the last as powerful paramilitary groups such as the White League and the Red Shirts during the 1870s in the Deep South. They operated as "the military arm of the Democratic Party", turning out Republican officeholders and disrupting elections.[47] Their power continued to grow in the South; more than 10 years after the end of the war, Democrats regained political power in every state of the former Confederacy and began to reassert white supremacy. They enforced this by a combination of violence, late 19th-century laws imposing segregation and a concerted effort to disfranchise African Americans. From 1890 to 1908, Democrats passed new constitutions and statutes in the South that created requirements for voter registration and voting that effectively disfranchised most blacks and tens of thousands of poor whites.[48] This disfranchisement and segregation was enforced for more than six decades into the 20th century.
Douglass' stump speech for 25 years after the end of the Civil War was to emphasize work to counter the racism that was then prevalent in unions.[49]
Family life
Douglass and Anna had five children: Rosetta Douglass, Lewis Henry Douglass, Frederick Douglass, Jr., Charles Remond Douglass, and Annie Douglass (died at the age of ten). Charles and Rossetta helped produce his newspapers. Anna Douglass remained a loyal supporter of her husband's public work, even though Douglass' relationships with Julia Griffiths and Ottilie Assing, two women he was professionally involved with, caused recurring speculation and scandals.[50]
In 1877, Douglass bought the family's final home in Washington D.C., on a hill above the Anacostia River. He and Anna named it Cedar Hill (also spelled CedarHill). They expanded the house from 14 to 21 rooms, and included a china closet. One year later, Douglass purchased adjoining lots and expanded the property to 15 acres (61,000 m²). The home has been designated the Frederick Douglass National Historic Site. Anna Murray-Douglass died in 1882, leaving him with a sense of great loss and depression for a time. He found new meaning from working with activist Ida B. Wells.
In 1884, Douglass married again, to Helen Pitts, a white feminist from Honeoye, New York. Pitts was the daughter of Gideon Pitts, Jr., an abolitionist colleague and friend of Douglass. A graduate of Mount Holyoke College (then called Mount Holyoke Female Seminary), she worked on a radical feminist publication named Alpha while living in Washington, D.C. The couple faced a storm of controversy with their marriage, since Pitts was both white and nearly 20 years younger than Douglass. Her family stopped speaking to her; his family connection was bruised, as his children felt his marriage was a repudiation of their mother. But feminist Elizabeth Cady Stanton congratulated the couple.[51] Douglass responded to the criticisms by saying that his first marriage had been to someone the color of his mother, and his second to someone the color of his father.[52] The new couple traveled to England, France, Italy, Egypt and Greece from 1886 to 1887.
After Reconstruction
As white Democrats regained power in the state legislatures of the South after Reconstruction, they began to impose new laws that disfranchised blacks and to create labor and criminal laws limiting their freedom. Speaking in Baltimore in 1894, Douglass said, "I hope and trust all will come out right in the end, but the immediate future looks dark and troubled. I cannot shut my eyes to the ugly facts before me."[53]
Many African Americans, called Exodusters, moved to large northern cities and to places like Kansas. In the latter case it was to form all-black towns where it was felt they could have a greater level of freedom and autonomy. Douglass spoke out against the movement, urging blacks to stick it out. He had become out of step with his audiences, who condemned and booed him for this position.[citation needed]
In 1877, Douglass was appointed a United States Marshal. In 1881, he was appointed Recorder of Deeds for the District of Columbia.
In 1888, Douglass spoke at Claflin College, a black college in Orangeburg, South Carolina, and the oldest such institution in the state.[54]
At the 1888 Republican National Convention, Douglass became the first African American to receive a vote for President of the United States in a major party's roll call vote.[55][56][57]
He was appointed minister-resident and consul-general to the Republic of Haiti (1889–1891). In 1892, the Haitian government appointed Douglass as its commissioner to the Chicago World's Columbian Exposition. He spoke for Irish Home Rule and the efforts of leader Charles Stewart Parnell in Ireland. He briefly revisited Ireland in 1886.
Also in 1892, Douglass constructed rental housing for blacks, now known as Douglass Place, in the Fells Point area of Baltimore. The complex was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2003.[58][59]
On February 20, 1895, Douglass attended a meeting of the National Council of Women in Washington, D.C. During that meeting, he was brought to the platform and given a standing ovation by the audience. Shortly after he returned home, Frederick Douglass died of a massive heart attack or stroke in Washington, D.C. His funeral was held at the Metropolitan African Methodist Episcopal Church where thousands passed by his coffin paying tribute. He was buried in the Douglass family plot of Mount Hope Cemetery in Rochester, New York where he had lived for 25 years, longer than anywhere else in his life.
Legacy and honors
- In 1921, members of the Alpha Phi Alpha fraternity (the first African-American intercollegiate fraternity) designated Frederick Douglass as an honorary member. And so Douglass is the only man to receive an honorary membership posthumously.[60]
- The Frederick Douglass Memorial Bridge, sometimes referred to as the South Capitol Street Bridge, just south of the US Capitol in Washington DC, was built in 1950 and named in his honor.
- In 1962, his home in Anacostia (Washington, DC) became part of the National Park System,[61] and in 1988 was designated the Frederick Douglass National Historic Site.
- In 1965, the U.S. Postal Service honored Douglass with a stamp in the Prominent Americans series.
- In 1999, Yale University established the Frederick Douglass Book Prize for works in the history of slavery and abolition, in his honor. The annual $25,000 prize is administered by the Gilder Lehrman Institute for American History and the Gilder Lehrman Center for the Study of Slavery, Resistance, and Abolition at Yale.
- In 2002, scholar Molefi Kete Asante named Frederick Douglass to his list of 100 Greatest African Americans.[62]
- In 2003, Douglass Place, the rental housing units that Douglass built in Baltimore in 1892 for blacks, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
- Douglass is honored with a feast day on the liturgical calendar of the Episcopal Church (USA) on February 20.
- In 2007, the former Troup–Howell bridge which carried Interstate 490 over the Genesee River was redesigned and renamed the Frederick Douglass – Susan B. Anthony Memorial Bridge.
- In 2010, a statue (by Gabriel Koren) and memorial (designed by Algernon Miller) of Douglass[63] were unveiled at Frederick Douglass Circle at the northwest corner of Central Park in New York City.[64]
- On June 12, 2011, Talbot County, Maryland, honored Douglass by installing a seven-foot bronze statue of Douglass on the lawn of the county courthouse in Easton, Maryland.[65]
- The Frederick Douglass Institute is a West Chester University program for advancing multicultural studies across the curriculum and for deepening the intellectual heritage of Frederick Douglass.[66]
- Many public schools have been named in his honor.
- On June 19, 2013, a statue of Douglass by Maryland artist Steven Weitzman was unveiled[67] in the United States Capitol Visitor Center as part of the National Statuary Hall Collection, the first statue representing the District of Columbia.[68]
- A Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave (1845)
- "The Heroic Slave". Autographs for Freedom. Ed. Julia Griffiths, Boston: Jewett and Company, 1853. pp. 174–239.
- My Bondage and My Freedom (1855)
- Life and Times of Frederick Douglass (1881, revised 1892)
- Douglass founded and edited the abolitionist newspaper The North Star from 1847 to 1851. He merged The North Star with another paper to create the Frederick Douglass' Paper.
- In the Words of Frederick Douglass: Quotations from Liberty's Champion. Edited by John R. McKivigan and Heather L. Kaufman. Ithaca & London: Cornell University Press, 2012. ISBN 978-0-8014-4790-7
- "The Church and Prejudice"
- Self-Made Men
- "Speech at National Hall, Philadelphia July 6, 1863 for the Promotion of Colored Enlistments"[69]
- "What to a slave is the 4th of July?"[70]
Cultural representation
- The 1989 film Glory featured Frederick Douglass as a friend of Francis George Shaw. He was played by Raymond St. Jacques.
- The Fugees' 1996 album The Score includes the following lines about Frederick Douglass:
- Problem with noman before black I'm first hu-man
- Appetite to write, like Frederick Douglass with a slave hand[71]
- Douglass is the protagonist of the novel Riversmeet (Richard Bradbury, Muswell Press, 2007), a fictionalized account of his 1845 speaking tour of the British Isles.[72]
- The 2004 mockumentary film, an alternative history called C.S.A.: The Confederate States of America, featured the figure of Douglass.
- The 2008 documentary film called Frederick Douglass and the White Negro tells the story of Frederick Douglass in Ireland and the relationship between African Americans and Irish Americans during the American Civil War.
- Frederick Douglass is a major character in the novel How Few Remain by Harry Turtledove, an alternate history in which the Confederacy won the Civil War and Douglass must continue his anti-slavery campaign into the 1880s.
- Frederick Douglass appears in Flashman and the Angel of the Lord, by George MacDonald Fraser.
- Terry Bisson's 1988 novel Fire on the Mountain is an alternate history in which John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry succeeded and instead of the Civil War the Black slaves emancipated themselves in a massive slave revolt. In this history Frederick Douglass (along with Harriet Tubman) is the revered Founder of a Black state created in the Deep South.
- Frederick Douglass appears as a Great Humanitarian in the 2008 strategy video game Civilization Revolution.[73]
- Douglass, his wife, and his mistress, Ottilie Assing, are the main characters in Jewell Parker Rhodes' Douglass' Women, a novel (New York: Atria Books, 2002).
- Douglass' time in Ireland is fictionalized in Colum McCann's 2013 novel TransAtlantic.[74]
- A comedic representation of Douglass is made in James McBride's 2013 novel The Good Lord Bird.[75]
See also
- African-American literature
- Frederick Douglass and the White Negro
- List of African-American abolitionists
- List of civil rights leaders
- Slave narrative
- The Columbian Orator
- U.S. Constitution, defender of the Constitution
- ^ "Frederick Douglass". Retrieved April 20, 2011.
- ^ "How Slavery Affected African American Families, Freedom's Story, TeacherServe®, National Humanities Center". Nationalhumanitiescenter.org. Retrieved October 31, 2012.
- ^ a b "Frederick Douglass Biography". Retrieved September 4, 2012.
- ^ Willard B. Gatewood Jr. (January 1981). "Frederick Douglass and the Building of a 'Wall of Anti-Slavery Fire', 1845–1846. An Essay Review". The Florida Historical Quarterly 59 (3): 340–344. JSTOR 30147499.
- ^ Social Studies School Service (2005). Big Ideas in U.S. History. Social Studies. p. 27. ISBN 978-1-56004-206-8. Retrieved March 18, 2011.
- ^ Bill E. Lawson; Frank M. Kirkland (January 10, 1999). Frederick Douglass: a critical reader. Wiley-Blackwell. pp. 155–156. ISBN 978-0-631-20578-4. Retrieved March 18, 2011.
- ^ "This Day is Resistance History: The Birth of Frederick Douglass". February 14, 2012. "The publishing of this autobiography by Douglass came about in part because Douglass would often encounter disbelief from White audiences about his former slave status, because he spoke so eloquently in public."
- ^ a b Trotman, C. James (2011). Frederick Douglass: A Biography. Penguin Books. pp. 118–119. ISBN 978-0-313-35036-8.
- ^ Frederick Douglass (1855). The Anti-Slavery Movement, A Lecture by Frederick Douglass before the Rochester Ladies' Anti-Slavery Society. Retrieved October 6, 2010. From page 33: "My point here is, first, the Constitution is, according to its reading, an anti-slavery document; and, secondly, to dissolve the Union, as a means to abolish slavery, is about as wise as it would be to burn up this city, in order to get the thieves out of it. But again, we hear the motto, 'no union with slave-holders;' and I answer it, as the noble champion of liberty, N. P. Rogers, answered it with a more sensible motto, namely—′No union with slave-holding.′ I would unite with anybody to do right; and with nobody to do wrong."
- ^ a b Frederick Douglass (1845). Narrative of the Life of an American Slave. Retrieved January 8, 2012.
Frederick Douglass began his own story thus: "I was born in Tuckahoe, near Hillsborough, and about twelve miles from Easton, in Talbot county, Maryland." (Tuckahoe is not a town; it refers to the area west of the creek in Talbot County.) In successive autobiographies, Douglass gave more precise estimates of when he was born, his final estimate being 1817. He adopted February 14 as his birthday because his mother Harriet Bailey used to call him her "little valentine". - ^ Amanda Barker (1996). "The Search for Frederick Douglass' Birthplace". Retrieved January 8, 2012. Note that, though Amanda Barker's web site devoted to the Douglass birthplace states that you can't find it with tour books and guides, that is no longer the case.
- ^ "The Historical Society of Talbot County: Tours and Museum Information". Retrieved December 9, 2013. See the Frederick Douglass Driving Tour of Talbot County.
- ^ Slaves were punished for learning to read or write and so could not keep records. Based on the records of Douglass' former owner Aaron Anthony, historian Dickson Preston determined that Douglass was born in February 1818. McFeely, 1991, p. 8.
- ^ Douglass, Frederick (1851). Narrative of the life of Frederick Douglass, an American slave. Written by himself. (6 ed.). London: H.G. Collins. p. 10.
- ^ ""Frederick Douglass: Talbot County's Native Son", The Historical Society of Talbot County, Maryland".
- ^ Douglass, Frederick. The Life and Times of Frederick Douglass: his early life as a slave, his escape from bondage, and his complete history, p. 50. Dover Value Editions, Courier Dover Publications, 2003. ISBN 0-486-43170-3.
- ^ Jacobs, H. and Appiah, K. (2004). Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave & Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl. Mass Market Paperback, pp. xiii, 4.
- ^ Bowers, Jerome. Frederick Douglass, Teachinghistory.org. Accessed June 3, 2010.
- ^ a b c d e Julius Eric Thompson; James L. Conyers (2010). The Frederick Douglass encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO. p. 124. ISBN 978-0-313-31988-4. Retrieved February 27, 2011.
- ^ "Anna Murray Douglass". BlackPast.org. Retrieved February 27, 2011.
- ^ Waldo E. Martin (March 1, 1986). The mind of Frederick Douglass. UNC Press Books. p. 15. ISBN 978-0-8078-4148-8. Retrieved March 7, 2011.
- ^ a b "Discovering Anna Murray Douglass". South Coast Today. February 17, 2008. Retrieved February 27, 2011.
- ^ Douglass, Frederick (1882). Life and Times of Frederick Douglass. p. 170. Retrieved December 20, 2009.
- ^ Douglass, Frederick (1882). Life and Times of Frederick Douglass. pp. 287–288. Retrieved March 15, 2011.
- ^ Douglass, Frederick (1882). Life and Times of Frederick Douglass. p. 205. Retrieved December 8, 2010.
- ^ Chaffin, Tom (February 25, 2011). "Frederick Douglass's Irish Liberty". The New York Times. Retrieved February 26, 2011.
- ^ a b c d Marianne Ruuth (1996). Frederick Douglass pp. 117–118. Holloway House Publishing, 1996.
- ^ Frances E. Ruffin (2008). Frederick Douglass: Rising Up from Slavery. p. 59. ISBN 978-1-4027-4118-0. Retrieved April 28, 2011.
- ^ Simon Schama, Rough Crossings: Britain, the Slaves, and the American Revolution, New York: HarperCollins, 2006 pbk, pp. 415–21.
- ^ a b c Paul Finkelman (2006). Encyclopedia of African American History, 1619–1895: from the colonial period to the age of Frederick Douglass. Oxford University Press. pp. 104–105. ISBN 978-0-19-516777-1. Retrieved February 2, 2011.
- ^ a b "I am your fellow man, but not your slave,". Retrieved March 3, 2012.
- ^ "Seneca Falls Convention". Virginia Memory. August 18, 1920. Retrieved April 20, 2011.
- ^ Stanton, 1997, p. 85.
- ^ USConstitution.net. Text of the "Declaration of Sentiments", and the Resolutions. Retrieved on April 24, 2009.
- ^ a b c McMillen, 2008, pp. 93–94.
- ^ National Park Service. Women's Rights. Report of the Woman's Rights Convention, July 19–20, 1848. Retrieved on April 24, 2009.
- ^ a b Frederick Douglass; Robert G. O'Meally (November 30, 2003). Narrative of the life of Frederick Douglass, an American slave. Spark Educational Publishing. p. xi. ISBN 978-1-59308-041-9. Retrieved February 1, 2011.
- ^ Foner, p.600
- ^ Watkins, Valetha (2009). "National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA)". In Julius E. Thompson, James L. Conyers Jr, Nancy Dawson. The Frederick Douglass Encyclopedia. Greenwood/ABC_CLIO. p. 138. ISBN 9780313385599.
- ^ University of Rochester Frederick Douglass Project. [1]. Retrieved on November 26, 2010.
- ^ Slaves in Union-held areas were not covered by this war-measures act.
- ^ "The Fight For Emancipation". Retrieved April 19, 2007.
- ^ Stauffer (2008), Giants, p. 280.
- ^ "Oration in Memory of Abraham Lincoln by Frederick Douglass". Teachingamericanhistory.org. Retrieved September 4, 2008.
- ^ Robin Van Auken, Louis E Hunsinger (2003). Williamsport: Boomtown on the Susquehanna. Arcadia Publishing. p. 57. ISBN 0-7385-2438-7.
- ^ This is an early version of the four boxes of liberty concept later used by conservatives opposed to gun control.
- ^ George C. Rable, But There Was No Peace: The Role of Violence in the Politics of Reconstruction, Athens, GA: University of Georgia Press, 1984, p. 132.
- ^ Richard H. Pildes, "Democracy, Anti-Democracy, and the Canon", Constitutional Commentary, Vol. 17, 2000, pp. 12–13., accessed March 10, 2008.
- ^ Olasky, Marvin. "History turned right side up". WORLD magazine. February 13, 2010. p. 22.
- ^ Julius Eric Thompson; James L. Conyers (2010). The Frederick Douglass encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO. p. 125. ISBN 978-0-313-31988-4. Retrieved February 27, 2011.
- ^ Frederick Douglass biography at winningthevote.org. Retrieved October 3, 2006.
- ^ Julius Eric Thompson; James L. Conyers (2010). The Frederick Douglass encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO. p. 46. ISBN 978-0-313-31988-4. Retrieved February 27, 2011.
- ^ Wilkerson, Isabel, "The Warmth of Other Suns" (2010), p. 40.
- ^ Richard Reid, "The Gloria Rackley-Blackwell story" The Times and Democrat (February 22, 2011). Retrieved June 3, 2011.
- ^ "Past Convention Highlights." Republican Convention 2000. CNN/AllPolitics.com. Retrieved July 1, 2008.
- ^ National Convention, Republican Party (U.S. : 1854– ) (1903). Official Proceedings of the Republican National Convention Held at Chicago, June 19, 20, 21, 22, 23 and 25, 1888.
- ^ "CNN: Think you know your Democratic convention trivia?". August 26, 2008. Retrieved May 2, 2010.
- ^ "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. 2008-04-15.
- ^ "Maryland Historical Trust". Douglass Place, Baltimore City. Maryland Historical Trust. November 21, 2008.
- ^ "Prominent Alpha Men". Archived from the original on October 14, 2007. Retrieved May 6, 2007.
- ^ "Frederick Douglass Bill is Approved by President: Bill making F Douglass home, Washington, DC, part of natl pk system signed". The New York Times. September 6, 1962.
- ^ Asante, Molefi Kete (2002). 100 Greatest African Americans: A Biographical Encyclopedia. Amherst, New York. Prometheus Books. ISBN 1-57392-963-8.
- ^ Clines, Francis X. (November 3, 2006). "Summoning Frederick Douglass". The New York Times.
- ^ Dominus, Susan (May 21, 2010). "A Slow Tribute That Might Try the Subject's Patience". The New York Times. Retrieved July 12, 2011.
- ^ Holt, Dustin (June 12, 2011). "Douglass statue arrives in Easton". The Star Democrat. Retrieved July 12, 2011.
- ^ "About the Frederick Douglass Institute". Frederick Douglass Institute. West Chester University. Retrieved September 30, 2013.
- ^ "Frederick Douglass statue unveiled in the Capitol", June 19, 2013.
- ^ Explore Capital Hill.
- ^ archive.org
- ^ lib.rochester.edu
- ^ How Many Mics ohhla.com Retrieved on February 8, 2013
- ^ "Frederick Douglass and 'Riversmeet': connecting 19th century struggles", Socialist Worker online, December 1, 2007
- ^ Civilization Revolution: Great People "CivFanatics" Retrieved on September 3, 2009
- ^ Wagner, Erica (June 20, 2013). "Cross Over 'TransAtlantic,' by Colum McCann". The New York Times. Retrieved September 5, 2013.
- ^ Lyons, Joel (August 21, 2013). "James McBride on 'The Good Lord Bird'". New York Daily News. Retrieved September 5, 2013.
Further reading
- Scholarship
- Gates, Jr., Henry Louis, ed. Frederick Douglass, Autobiography (Library of America, 1994) ISBN 978-0-940450-79-0
- Foner, Philip Sheldon. The Life and Writings of Frederick Douglass. New York: International Publishers, 1950.
- Houston A. Baker, Jr., Introduction, Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, Penguin, 1986 edition.
- Huggins, Nathan Irvin, and Oscar Handlin. Slave and Citizen: The Life of Frederick Douglass. Library of American Biography. Boston: Little, Brown, 1980; Longman (1997). ISBN 0-673-39342-9
- Lampe, Gregory P. Frederick Douglass: Freedom's Voice. Rhetoric and Public Affairs Series. East Lansing: Michigan State University Press, 1998.
- Levine, Robert S. Martin Delany, Frederick Douglass, and the Politics of Representative Identity. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1997.
- McFeely, William S. Frederick Douglass. New York: Norton, 1991. ISBN 0-393-31376-X
- McMillen, Sally Gregory. Seneca Falls and the origins of the women's rights movement. Oxford University Press, 2008. ISBN 0-19-518265-0
- Oakes, James. The Radical and the Republican: Frederick Douglass, Abraham Lincoln, and the Triumph of Antislavery Politics. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, Inc. 2007. ISBN 0-393-06194-9
- Quarles, Benjamin. Frederick Douglass. Washington: Associated Publishers, 1948.
- Stanton, Elizabeth Cady; edited by Theodore Stanton and Harriot Stanton Blatch. Elizabeth Cady Stanton, As Revealed in Her Letters, Diary and Reminiscences, Harper & Brothers, 1922.
- Webber, Thomas, Deep Like Rivers: Education in the Slave Quarter Community 1831–1865. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, Inc. (1978).
- Woodson, C. G., The Education of the Negro Prior to 1861: A History of the Education of the Colored People of the United States from the Beginning of Slavery to the Civil War. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons (1915); Indy Publ. (2005) ISBN 1-4219-2670-9
- For young readers
- Miller, William. Frederick Douglass: The Last Day of Slavery. Illus. by Cedric Lucas. Lee & Low Books, 1995. ISBN 1-880000-42-3
- Weidt, Maryann N. Voice of Freedom: a Story about Frederick Douglass. Illus. by Jeni Reeves. Lerner Publications (2001). ISBN 1-57505-553-8
- Documentary films
- Frederick Douglass and the White Negro [videorecording] / Writer/Director John J Doherty, produced by Camel Productions, Ireland. Irish Film Board/TG4/BCI.; 2008
- Frederick Douglass [videorecording] / produced by Greystone Communications, Inc. for A&E Network ; executive producers, Craig Haffner and Donna E. Lusitana.; 1997
- Frederick Douglass: When the Lion Wrote History [videorecording] / a co-production of ROJA Productions and WETA-TV.
- Frederick Douglass, Abolitionist Editor [videorecording]/a production of Schlessinger Video Productions.
- Race to Freedom [videorecording]: the story of the underground railroad / an Atlantis
External links
Find more about Frederick Douglass at Wikipedia's sister projects | |
Definitions and translations from Wiktionary | |
Media from Commons | |
Learning resources from Wikiversity | |
Quotations from Wikiquote | |
Source texts from Wikisource | |
Textbooks from Wikibooks |
Douglass sources online
- The Frederick Douglass Papers Edition : A Critical Edition of Douglass' Complete Works, including speeches, autobiographies, letters, and other writings.
- Works by Frederick Douglass at Internet Archive (scanned books original editions illustrated)
- Works by Frederick Douglass at Project Gutenberg
- Works by Frederick Douglass at Online Books Page
- Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave. Written by Himself. Boston: Anti-Slavery Office, 1845.
- The Heroic Slave. From Autographs for Freedom, Ed. Julia Griffiths. Boston: John P. Jewett and Company. Cleveland, Ohio: Jewett, Proctor, and Worthington. London: Low and Company., 1853.
- My Bondage and My Freedom. Part I. Life as a Slave. Part II. Life as a Freeman. New York: Miller, Orton & Mulligan, 1855.
- Life and Times of Frederick Douglass: His Early Life as a Slave, His Escape from Bondage, and His Complete History to the Present Time. Hartford, Conn.: Park Publishing Co., 1881.
- Frederick Douglass lecture on Haiti – Given at the World's Fair in Chicago, January 1893.
- Fourth of July Speech
- Letter to Thomas Auld (September 3, 1848)
- The Frederick Douglass Diary (1886–87)
- The Liberator Files, Items concerning Frederick Douglass from Horace Seldon's collection and summary of research of William Lloyd Garrison's The Liberator original copies at the Boston Public Library, Boston, Massachusetts.
- What to the Slave is the Fourth of July? July 5, 1852 EDSITEment Launchpad
- Video. In the Words of Frederick Douglass January 27, 2012.
Resource Guides
- Frederick Douglass: Online Resources from the Library of Congress
Biographical information
- Frederick Douglass Project at the University of Rochester.
- Frederick Douglass (American Memory, Library of Congress) Includes timeline.
- Timeline of Frederick Douglass and family
- Timeline of "The Life of Frederick Douglass" – Features key political events
- Read more about Frederick Douglass
- Frederick Douglass NHS – Douglass' Life
- Frederick Douglass NHS – Cedar Hill National Park Service site
- Frederick Douglass Western New York Suffragists
- Mr. Lincoln and Freedom: Frederick Douglass
- Mr. Lincoln's White House: Frederick Douglass
- Frederick Douglass at C-SPAN's American Writers: A Journey Through History
Memorials to Frederick Douglass
- Frederick Douglass National Historic Site The Washington, DC home of Frederick Douglass
- Frederick Douglass Gardens at Cedar Hill Frederick Douglass Gardens
- Frederick Douglass Circle in Harlem overlooking Central Park has a statue of Frederick Douglass. North of this point, 8th Avenue is referred to as Frederick Douglass Boulevard
- The Frederick Douglass Prize A national book prize
- Lewis N. Douglass as a Sergeant Major in the 54th Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry
- The short film Fighter for Freedom: The Frederick Douglass Story (1984) is available for free download at the Internet Archive [more]
Party political offices | ||
Preceded by New title |
United States Equal Rights Party Vice-Presidential Nominee 1872 |
Succeeded by Marietta Stow (National Equal Rights Party) |
- Frederick Douglass
- 1818 births
- 1895 deaths
- 19th-century African-American activists
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- Burials at Mount Hope Cemetery, Rochester
- Cardiovascular disease deaths in Washington, D.C.
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text:
Event Date/Time | Apr 27, 2013
Description |
Choregus Productions welcomes one of the most innovative and powerful forces in modern dance to the Cascia Hall Performing Arts Center's Helmerich Theatre. The Bill T. Jones/Arnie Zane Dance Company's debut will include works such as D-Man in the Waters, Spent Days Out Yonder and more. Performances are at 8 p.m. April 27 and 3 p.m. April 28. For a look at Choregus Production's full season, go to www.choregus.org. |
Cost | $15-$50 (individual tickets go on sale March 1) | ||||||
Location |
Cascia Hall Performing Arts Center Helmerich Theatre |
Additional Information |
We make every effort to ensure the accuracy of this information. However, you should always call ahead to confirm dates, times, location, and other information.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Reigning four-time IZOD IndyCar Series champion Dario Franchitti assesses Will Power and Ryan Hunter-Reay before the season-ending MAVTV 500 – and explains why (for once) he comes to the finale knowing he's about to give up his crown.
Maybe this year more than ever, the IZOD IndyCar Series has proven that you need to have everything right if you want to have success. And for all teams, finding that level on a truly consistent basis has been a major struggle in 2012. It's been an extraordinary season.
I realize that there are two fewer races this year than in 2010, for instance, but myself and Will Power were up at the 600-point mark in the championship two years ago, whereas this year only one person can hit 500…and yet up to five people may be past the 400-point mark by next Saturday night. The points have been far more evenly distributed over the past 14 races than in recent seasons, which I guess proves that the new car had the effect IndyCar desired.
For us on the No. 10 Target Chip Ganassi Racing team, there have simply been too many issues and so we were mathematically eliminated from the championship with two rounds to go. But realistically, the game was up before then. Whether it was getting a handle on the new car, being outpaced, engine blow-ups, pit stop issues and just sheer bad luck, we just weren't able to take advantage of all the days when we had a winning car.
But there will be no finger-pointing from any of us – this is the same group of guys who took the past three championships, and although we're in a very uncharacteristic ninth in the championship standings, we have won a race this year. And if you're only going to win one race, I think we got the right one! But hey, look at even that day: we got turned on pit lane and had to come from the back. Hmm…now I think about it, that was some of my best driving this year and the team's execution that day was flawless.
But the season isn't quite over. There's one race to go, it's another 500-miler and I think we stand at least as good a chance at Fontana as anyone else. We can just go for it. There's a lot less pressure on us in the finale than in the past three years – and to be honest, that feels horrible! I really would be happy to deal again with the pressure of going for the championship. Ah well…
The two guys who do face that burden of expectation are Will Power, the guy who's run us closest the past couple of years, and Ryan Hunter-Reay, driving for the team with whom I won my first title. Will has the points advantage, but Ryan has won more recently.
The new car threw everyone for a bit of a loop, as you'd expect. We all knew the old one, and I mean we really knew it inside out: we knew that if we made adjustment X and adjustment Y it would give us result Z, whether that was in terms of handling, traction, stability under braking, and so on.
The Dallara DW12 was something very different, and I think we saw Will and Team Penske get on top of that and explore all of its avenues quicker than anyone else. But like the rest of us, they had engine issues and therefore grid-penalty issues and other things you expect to encounter over the course of an IndyCar season, like strategy not working with the way the yellows fell or the pits being open under yellow or unexpectedly closed! Will and I both got hosed at Toronto, for instance, because the pits were closed, and so from first and second we came out of the pits outside of the top 10, I think.
These are things that just get in the way, and cause you to stumble. Will hasn't been taking advantage of his pace. I'm not saying it's down to him (although actually I really think maybe it is but you'll have to check with Will on that one!). Seriously, when I say "Will," I mean the No. 12 team – you can't ever separate the driver from the rest of the team. For various reasons, they often haven't achieved what their pace suggested they could have (I know the feeling, mate!).
However, I think Will has become a smart operator in terms of accumulating points and seeing the big picture. I had someone ask me if that's something he learned from competing against us over the past couple of seasons, and, I don't want to sound like I'm flattering myself, but I really think maybe it is. You don't see Will making a risky pass for fourth if he thinks he might lose a nose-wing doing it; he'll take the fifth place. And that has made him more consistent in a year when it's damn hard to be consistent. When I was racing around him at Toronto and Baltimore, too, I remember thinking to myself, "Will: that's a very cautious and measured attack." There was no wildness.
The contrast with Ryan Hunter-Reay has been intriguing. They may be on similar points totals, but Will and Ryan have reached that point by very different routes: Ryan has been on full attack mode and Will has been in defensive mode. In fact, I'd say Ryan has been very aggressive this year, and there have been times when he's been quite lucky to get away with it. But then again, it's his first championship battle at this level of racing and in those circumstances, you do try and ride your luck for as long as you can.
In previous years, Ryan had certainly shown flashes of this kind of form, but had never come close to putting a whole season together. This year he's been strong on a variety of different tracks, and that's also a great credit to Andretti Autosport. I still have a lot of friends there, and in recent years I've seen them wandering the paddocks with the weight of the world on their shoulders; AA have a ton of good people there, but somehow the results just weren't there, certainly not on a consistent basis. Now they're on an up-cycle and that's been good to see. Pace-wise, Ryan hasn't been at Will's level, but he's made the most of what he's got, driven some really good races and, like I say, he's been bloody aggressive!
So now it's time to see who's the champion, and I think it's pointless to say who I think deserves to win: Let's stress again that I'm a firm believer that the driver can't be regarded as separate from the team. I think the driver/team combinations that deserve to be in the running for the championship each year are the ones who are there, and that the driver/team combination that prevails and wins the title is the one who most deserves it.
I think it's important that both Will and Ryan drive in the same way that got them into this showdown situation, the way that comes naturally to them. I think the experience of fighting for a championship before does help Will and Penske. And while I think it's worth noting that the No. 12 pit crew have made much fewer mistakes this year – Sonoma notwithstanding! – the real key will be how they handle a championship showdown situation. That's when the pressure is on, especially in the final pit stop and if Ryan's crew have already done their final stop and done it well….
In his favor, Ryan has scored his wins on a variety of tracks this year, including ovals. But I think – no, I know – Will can drive ovals well, too. Sure, at Iowa he pinched down on EJ Viso and took them both out, but he was very strong in Texas, for example, and I think the cars will be handling like that again at Fontana.
Well, I hope my car isn't handling like it did in Texas. Dear God! We had to take so many turns of front wing out, and disconnect the rear anti-roll bar and it still didn't handle! The following week, I saw Eddie Jones [Rubens Barrichello's engineer] – and he's a man who's not known for coddling his drivers. But he said to me, "Well done!" and I said, "What, for winning Indy?" and he said, "No, for hanging onto your car in Texas and keeping it off the wall." Coming from him, that was high praise indeed!
Anyway, my point is, the strakes on the underbody will not be allowed at Fontana so there will be less downforce than some hoped for and so it becomes a handling track. Aside from that, it's also quite bumpy and none of us know the Auto Club Speedway particularly well, despite the test sessions there.
Basically, if you miss it on setup, you will miss by a mile. Being the championship leader, Will can be a little more cautious than Ryan – but not too cautious because otherwise, in a field as close as the 2012-era IZOD IndyCar Series, you will get swamped and you'll go a lap down before you know it. Remember, everyone else will be just going flat out for the win with all to play for. Will and Ryan will need to be doing quite a balancing act, because there may also be the desire factor – who is prepared to gut it out if he gets a bad yellow or has a pit lane problem and has to climb through from the rear of the field? And this is crucial: which of them can best keep his head in those circumstances? Interesting stuff…
What's certain is that the spectators at Auto Club Speedway will get their money's worth. Think about it: two drivers going for the championship, 25 drivers going for the win, a 500-mile race, a variety of tactics, an oval wing package that demands real driving, ever-changing track conditions as evening turns to darkness…It should be a hell of a spectacle!
But while I'm intrigued to see who my successor is as champion, I'm not so interested that I'll be asking Chip for updates on the radio during the race. No: I want to be standing in Victory Lane with the Target Chip Ganassi Racing boys, and then congratulating the new champ.
See you at the track.


text:
Today, we're taking a closer look at Home Made, and giving you a little peek into Yvette's own home kitchen!
Yvette van Boven is a chef and illustrator in Amsterdam and she sent us a little peek into her own kitchen! Here she is cooking up a recipe for her next book — all photos taken by her husband. They live in an old warehouse along the canals of Amsterdam. "We have a dark house," says Yvette. But they've made it so glam in its darkness — I love the shelves and the copper pots!
Yvette says that she is not a stranger to cookbooks — wrote her first at the age of four! Since then she has gone on to own and run a restaurant, and to illustrate many magazines, newspapers, and books. This multi-pack of talents led her naturally to this cookbook, Home Made, which pulls in yet another of her interests. She says:
My mother and the women in our street made a lot of things with their own hands, out of necessity or by tradition, and my sister and I did the same. We made soda bread, biscuits, shortbread, jelly, and stew for our toy restaurant, which we built in our room or in the garden. We made ice creams, cheeses, yogurt, butterfly cakes, and ginger ale for our dolls or friends.
This home made playtime turned into real-life home made treats in her book, Home Made, which is a delightful and delicious collection of recipes for DIY basics and for ways to use them. It's chock-full of Yvette's own drawings, and her husband's beautiful photographs. Here's a little taste of a recipe from her book — one for homemade tea, made with things local to you.
• Visit Yvette: Yvette van BovenLook for Yvette's new book soon too! It's called Home Made Winter and it will be out this October from Stewart, Tabori & Chang. (She's working on Home Made Summer as well!)
Find Yvette's book: Home Made (Stewart, Tabori & Chang, September 2011) at your local library, independent bookstore, or Amazon.com
Related: Recipes as Art: Delicious Illustrations by Yvette van Boven
(Images: Oof Verschuren)


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Loews Coronado Bay Spa Surrender
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Book the "Spa Surrender" package now and you'll receive:
- Nightly accommodations in the supremely-comfortable guestroom of your choice
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- Complimentary glass of Champagne to enjoy before or after your treatment
- Complimentary fitness center access and unlimited group wellness classes, including Pilates, Yoga and Spinning available during entire stay.
- Access to the spa's other amenities, including a beautiful outdoor patio, Jacuzzi, tranquil relaxation lounge, steam, sauna and state-of-the-art fitness center during entire stay.
Package starts at $289 a night, gratuity included
Terms & Conditions Offer ends Jan 15, 2014


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The JVC CS-V525 is a 5-1/4" 2-way coaxial car speaker from JVC's entry level V5 series. The speaker is designed with an aramid and carbon fiber composite woofer with a strontium magnet and a thin butyl rubber edge for improved mid and high frequency sound.
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It has a 1" poly-ether imide dome tweeter with a neodymium magnet and features a shallow structure allowing it to be mounted in a wider range of vehicles. The CS-V525 offers a nominal power handling of 35 watts, maximum power handling of 190 watts, and a frequency response of 40 - 24,000 Hz. The speaker also features a heat resistant voice coil for long lasting performance and comes with a 1 year warranty.
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OXFORD, Miss. – Senior first baseman Wade Collins reached base three times today at No. 8 Ole Miss, but it wasn't enough as The University of Tennessee at Martin baseball team dropped a 15-2 decision to the Rebels at Swayze Field.
Collins recorded his second multi-hit game of the young season tonight, going 2-for-3 to go along with a walk and RBI. Freshman Kenny King went 1-for-2 with an RBI and a run scored, while fellow freshman Wes Piersall also scored a run today in his first career start for the Skyhawks (0-5).
The UT Martin pitching staff only issued one free pass today, while a trio of Skyhawk relievers conceded just three earned runs over six innings of work. Chris Ross allowed only one earned run in two innings, while Cody Miller (three frames, two earned runs) and Nick Wilson (one scoreless inning) each had successful season debuts. Starter Carter Smith was charged with the loss after allowing eight runs in two innings.
Ole Miss (4-0) started the game with two runs in each of the first two innings, then followed with a seven-run third inning. Ross then retired the side on just six pitches in a perfect fourth inning.
The Rebels added two runs in the bottom of the fifth but UT Martin fought back with two runs of its own in the top-half of the sixth. Piersall drew a leadoff walk on four pitches, then stole second. King then laced a two-out double to left field, plating Piersall to get the Skyhawks on the scoreboard. Collins then singled to right field, pushing across another run for UT Martin when King crossed home plate.
Miller threw only nine pitches in a scoreless sixth, capped off by an outfield assist by Grant Glasser.
Ole Miss tacked on two more unearned runs in the seventh before Wilson put up a scoreless eighth.
The Skyhawks begin a seven-game homestand this weekend, when they host IPFW at Skyhawk Field on Feb. 22-24.


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Results 1 to 6 of 6
HELP finding part for RECON tailights
So i am looking for a reverse light socket for a 07-09 Silveraldo for my newly ordered RECON LED Taillights... cant order the socket by itself, have to order harness... any help guys and gals?
http://www.gorecon.com/product.php?pk=180&pvk=1842010 Chevy 1500 LT Z71 ext cab
Cat back Flowmasters
2" Zone lift
goRhino dominator II step bars
tinted windows
04-14-2011, 04:23 PM #2Why do you need a socket? I have these same tail lights from Recon and they are plug n play.
Bobby - North Carolina
2008 4x4 5.3L V8
6" Suspension Lift and 1.5" Body Lift
20x9 Ballistic Jesters w/35" Toyo Open Country MT's & 1.5" rear wheel spacers
4:56 Yukon Gears
Hypertech Speedometer Calibrator
Baja style bed mount spare tire carrier
Flowmaster 40 series dual exhaust
Recon Smoked LED tails/3rd brake lights/black projectors w/switchback LED's in the corners
N-Fab Nerf Steps
No Fear Pedals
Tint, Line-X bedliner, Window visors, Rear wheel well liners
Painted front grill, bow ties and door badges, de-"lettered" tailgate
Powder coated front and rear bumpers
04-15-2011, 02:26 AM #3because in 2010 they changed the socket... go figure, i just ordered some off amazon.com.. finally figured it out. i jsut searched for the socket itself because you cant buy just the socket thru GM.
04-15-2011, 09:28 AM #4Wow, thats crazy. Glad you found what you needed though. You are gonna love those lights, they were one of my favorite mods.
04-15-2011, 11:54 AM #6I have the same ones with LED bulbs,love em .. now just got to get the recon smoked front and I be good
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text: Honoring the Divine Feminine: The CoSM Retreatby Jennifer La Lima-Ortmuller "What is it that calls you to stretch beyond what is comfortable into places that are uncomfortable, and to realize that you are more powerful and more magical than your mind could have believed?" -- Julia Butterfly HillYou can't spend a weekend nestled in nature with Julia Butterfly Hill, and ever expect to look at a tree in the same way again. Hill lives in action and connection. For 738 days she lived 20 feet from the top of a 200 foot, 1,000-year-old redwood tree in order to gain protection of ancient forests. There she found a connectedness to the divinity of nature. What peace can women find in female divinity? What answers can women find by celebrating the divine feminine within themselves and in nature? |


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Seen the Light
Hi all,
Love this forum. I'm just a novice at the moment and want to bounce some questions about. About me... never did like the scotch that Mum & Dad drank (cheap blends)and never understood why. Then at the wake for the father of a very good friend we shared a bottle of Glennfiddich 18yo. You know the little beams of light that shine down through the clouds some days, well one of those was shining on that glass of single malt. Fast forward 2 years and I'm sitting here with an unopened bottle of Laphroaig 15yo in front of me about to embark on a new past time. Questions... This might seem like heresy but are any of the expensive blends worth drinking? At AU$100+ I'm not into throwing away cash NOR at the same time want to poo-poo something I've never tried. I know this is subjective but what would be a good number of whiskys to have on the go at any one time? Are there any tips you guys can give as why tasting and enjoying single malts is a legitimate pastime? I've got some more convincing to do with the wife that this is in fact a worthwhile hobby. Finally, and this might be a long stretch, but are there any folk here around the Redcliffe, QLD, Australia area that might like to start some sort of unofficial tasting/appreciation group? Thanks for reading this far - talk soon. |
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Great product quality piece for my Les Paul JR. The staff was helpful with information. Deniel Edwards Pro Guitarist 5/6/11
I was looking for a wrap around style bridge/stop piece with a relatively low profile and some style. I came across the Schroeder and it fit my needs. It is well designed and functions great. One note, I made an error while I was notching the brass saddle pieces and ended up needing replacements. StewMac does not carry the replacement pieces. I ended up contacting Jason Schroeder directly and was able to order them from him. He and his wife were very helpful and nice to deal with.
I think I've tried every make of "tune-o-matic-type" wrap-over bridge on the market. They're either too heavy or the adjustable saddles are too loose or both. I have a pretty good idea on how this bridge is built, I just have a hard time imaging why nobody has done it before. I've installed two of them (so far). One's on a 1960 single cutaway Gibson Melody Maker-D and the other is on a `07 R-4 Historic Les Paul. What's so great about this that the others don't give? Well, it is made from Machined Aircraft Aluminium which is much more consistent than the typical cast aluminium, the Stainless Steel screws are very good at transferring vibrations and the Brass Saddles are the same grade as the original Gibson Brass from the `50's. The tolerances are very tight. Unlike typical TOM bridges that the saddles and screws move from vibrations, these don't. Tighter tolerances mean great string/vibrations transfer. It has a nice full, warm and harmonically rich aspect to it. The note detail and clarity is also improved. If you have a guitar with a Wrap-over bridge/tail piece, then you owe it to yourself to get one of these!
I recently received my Schroeder Stoptail, and it's a marvelous touch to add to my new guitar build. What's more, when I had questions regarding the bridge, I emailed Jason Schroeder and he and his wife were wonderfully helpful. They are a pleasure to deal with, as is Stewmac. Couldn't be happier!
I just started making my own "LP" style guitars and was looking for a simple, elegant and functional one-piece wrap-around bridge to eliminate the usual two piece bridge / stop-tail configuration. After researching a number of bridge styles, I selected the Schroeder Stop Tail bridge and couldn't be happier! Not only is this bridge a beautiful piece of craftsmanship, when coupled with the TonePros locking studs (which I bought separately) it gives my guitar rock solid stability and sustain for days!! Add to that the ability to fine tune the guitar with precision saddles and you've got the perfect bridge. And, as the other reviewer noted, stringing the guitar is a breeze with no worries on scratching your finish. Admittedly I was a bit cautious when stringing my new creation for the first time since I've had other wrap-around bridges cause the string to nose dive into my guitar's body (and they never seem to feed thru right). But with the Schroeder bridge the strings flowed through effortlessly each time and never once came near the finish - amazing!! I'm not one to give praise where it isn't due, but this is honestly THE BEST bridge I have ever used. I'll be purchasing more to use in my future guitar builds for sure. Do yourself a favor and check this bridge out - like me, you'll be glad you did!!
I was incredibly pleased when I received the Schroeder Stoptail. Just this one small change and I feel as if I have a new guitar! Very classy and easy to use... plus, I never realized how much I worried about scratching the finish with the string ends- it is so nice to not have to worry anymore! I am placing another order to replace the bridge on anther guitar. Thanks!
To add items to your order, select the check box next to the item you want. You can edit the quantity you wish to purchase here, or in Your Order.
To add items to your saved list, select the check boxes next to the items you want. You can edit the quantity you wish to save here, or in your Saved List.


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The Quick Draw Plein Air Competition is an interactive artist event that will take place during the North Park Festival of the Arts on May 18th. This all-age event invites artists, competition painters, professionals, amateurs and hobbyists to compete and have fun! These artists have two hours to complete their work throughout North Park and amongst the festivities, giving onlookers the opportunity to see artists in action.
See the scenes and how the artists interpret them. Smell the wet paint and get caught up in the exictement of watching a painting come to life before your eyes!
Registration begins at 9:30am at the San Diego Art Department (3830 Ray Street). The paintings, completed at noon, will be displayed for public veiwing on easels in front of SDAD. The works will be judged at 1pm and awards will be presented. The wet paintings will be on sale from 1:00pm - 6:00pm during the festival.
Winners will also be invited to display their work at the San Diego Art Institute's Museum of the Living Artist, as well as the San Diego Art Department.
For more information, visit www.sandiegoartdepartment.com or call (619) 299-4278.


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Besides the fact that God won't bless the situation, here are some things to consider before you make a commitment to live together before you get married. read more
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duke is a curses based frontend integrated into the latest version of mpg123. It was written because of the need of a textbased player for playing from a remote computer with telnet or even a text-terminal. It allows you to navigate through directories, add files or whole directories to the playlist, sort, search, randomize select and delete from it. It also parses ID3-tags, shows songlengths and has limited mouse-support.
mp3album.pl is a tool to automatically create album lists from a batch of mp3 files including ID3v1, ID3v2.2 or ID3v2.3 information. It includes logic to split up all files in one directory into separate albums and generates a report file for each album. The reports are customizable through templates and can contain any information found in the ID3 tags. mp3album.pl lends itself very handy when creating an index of a directory containing several albums of music. As Perl currently lacks 'good' Unicode support, the Unicode strings in ID3v2.3 are not yet supported.
MJS is a console MP3 Jukebox System. It aims to be easy to use, especially on a dedicated mp3-player. It shows the file selector, playlist, and playback info windows at the same time. Searching and playlist saving/loading is also posible. The system is in use at our students'union bar and is designed to be used in a public place. A console screensaver that displays the current song and text of your choice is available. A `Hitlist'utility is also available.
A content management system for blogging, forums, pages, wiki, and more.


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Laura Calacci
December 07, 2013 at 10:09 PM
I am quite certain this is the cat I have seen in the Pavilions neighborhood . I saw this cat the…Read Moreo ther day and then again this evening.


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You're watching...
Rocket fires continue between Israel, Hamas
Insight into escalating conflict
Nov 18, 2012
Ambassador Ido Aharoni
You're watching...
Insight into escalating conflict
Nov 18, 2012
Ambassador Ido Aharoni
Also in this playlist...
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This morning in the Israeli Gaza Strip.
As another round of air strikes rains down on the region this as Israel's prime minister.
Benjamin Netanyahu warned she is prepared to significantly expand the operation there meanwhile.
US officials moving to.
Fearing it could -- Egypt into that conflict joining us now to shed light on this as the consul general to Israel.
Ambassador Hedo -- -- -- good to see you ambassador thanks for being here thank you for having me the latest is what we just said the Benjamin not -- then Netanyahu told the cabinet he's ready to significantly expand its operation in Gaza.
Is Israel prepared for a ground invasion into Gaza.
And what could -- that.
The look the mandate of the operation form the very inception was to remove.
This strategic threat posed by thousands of rockets on on Israelis.
Innocent Israelis paralyzing our entire southern region so the goal was to remove that threat.
And the mandate given to -- defense forces from the government was not limited in time -- in scope.
So in other words the possibility.
Of Israel moving in would ground forces certainly exists.
It depends on -- the operation develops on the ground right now.
Hamas is still firing rockets from Hamas is still.
Displaying a tremendous -- of aggression toward Israel and the purpose of the of the of this operation is to.
Eliminate that threat.
More than 11100 rockets have been launched from Gaza into Israel in this year alone just this morning I read about one that was shot down by the iron dome system headed towards Tel Aviv.
The question is this though Benjamin Netanyahu is all about.
Red lines he let us know that in front of the UN when he said here's our red line in terms of Iran's uranium enrichment so where's the Red Line.
In terms of this aggression shown by Gaza by Hamas.
Look the problem we have with Hamas.
Didn't start yesterday we we are -- -- organization.
That is not willing to accept Israel's right to exist.
So obviously there are no easy solutions when you're facing an enemy.
Who's not even willing to recognize your right to exist doesn't even value the same values -- -- -- celebrate life whether.
Nurtures the culture of death and they're actually saying.
All you have to do is read -- charter and see what they think about Israel what they think about the United States.
And when you look at the map it is of course it tells the picture tells the whole story when you look at where Israel is and what it's surrounded by more importantly.
You get a sense of how'd how frightening that situation is for Israel.
Here's the question though when you have Egypt when you have Tunisia.
All democratically elected government all US allies appearing to support Hamas.
What does that do to your position in the region will.
And to -- this operation we assume that some of the countries surrounding us -- not going to be happy about it.
But in the end of the day our job as the only.
-- -- Democracy in the region.
Is to provide safety and security -- our people.
I had the privilege of hearing the mayor of Stew wrote David Bruschi led the other day describing how since 2005 when Israel pulled out of Gaza is little tunnel 25000 people had to endorse.
Over 8000 rockets and missiles went to -- think about it I want our viewers to think about.
What would have happened here in Manhattan if we had only one rocket.
-- war that's sort happened clearly and this little town have to suffer 8000 of them and seven years so this is unthinkable for us to continue to allow Hamas continue.
To paralyze our allies not to mention the loss of life.
Inflicted on us not to mention.
The damage to Israel's economy that is estimated in the billions.
It is frightening situation clearly you're not disagreeing with the fact that Hamas has some support in the region and that make the situation.
Warrants to -- go forward ambassador -- her own and we appreciate you being here for thank you for having me coming up.
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Art For Less (2 of 5)
If you ever wanted to invest in art, this might be the time. Smart collectors like billionaire Eli Broad are rushing into the market picking up pieces for less. From Impressionist works to modern pieces like this Donald Judd sculpture, prices are lower than they have been in years. 09/12/08


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114 ReviewsYou don't marry someone you can live with... you marry the person who you can't live without.
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Rev. Laura Cannon, ordained non-denominational wedding minister, is an insightful, compassionate, and creative wedding officiant. Her supportive...(more)
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text: After several years of purchasing marvelous fresh seafood and meats from the friendly staff at Gillies, we were heartbroken to see the For Sale signs in the window late this spring. We also enjoyed several fantastic meals in the restaurant. One of us had the fish and chips, which were scrumptious, while the other had a simple salmon dish. The... More


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Where are 'Who's the Boss?' stars now?
Published On: Dec 19 2011 10:05:11 AM CST
Updated On: Apr 22 2013 01:00:00 AM CDT
With Alyssa Milano marking her 41st birthday December 19, join us for a look at what she and the rest of the cast of "Who's the Boss?" are up to today.


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Del Mar Online Racing Community
The Del Mar Online Racing Community will be closing its doors for good on December 22, 2013
Meanwhile, share your thoughts and your good-byes with other members on these pages. You can use PMs to get contact information for friends you know only through this community and would like to keep in touch with in the outside world. See you at the races! Blast from the past
4 posts • Page 1 of 1
Blast from the past"Peace is that brief glorious moment in history when everybody stands around reloading."
-- Thomas Jefferson
Re: Blast from the pastThat is one of the best quotes.Going right now into my compilation of quotes.Mostly positive,constructive,quotes that catch my gut
Re: Blast from the pastBob B might like the little article on the English Derby winner(a couple of articles above Bing)
The Dodgers Suck. No Championships in 25 Years. HAHA
Re: Blast from the past$500k sound like a lot of money back then. Dante does have the main Derby prep at York named after him so he was obviously a pretty good horse.
"I'm Winston Wolf. I solve problems."
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Dear friends,
Happy Earth Day! Here's the sermon I gave this weekend. I hope you will all stay hopeful and focused out there–it is not too late to make the changes we need to protect the world we know and love.
Good courage to you,
Rev. Laura
This Earth Day weekend,
I want to give you a message of hope
for this planet and for our own future on earth.
And I promise you we will get there,
even in these troubled times for our planet.
There is hope,
even in the darkest moments,
but to find it, we need to walk through some scary stuff first.
I don't have to tell you, these are scary times
for everyone worried about climate change.
The weather's getting really weird.
The land and the sea are changing right before our eyes.
In the reading we just heard,
Bill McKibben spelled out in pretty blunt terms where we are.
What he has to say is scary.
Global warming is already happening,
and we may not be able to stop it. Continue reading