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When Parliament convenes for the monsoon session, the government plans to introduce the Food Safety and Standards Bill, 2005. I am sure the government will hope there is enough mayhem to distract the attention of legislators from the bill, which has been crafted carefully to weaken consumer protection in the face of the power of the growing business of food.
Food we know is a sunshine industry. And industry tells government that the regulatory regime is cumbersome and corrupt. This, it adds, strangles the industry. These arguments are correct.
Chandigarh, June 7, 2005: A study by the Centre for Science and Environment (CSE), a New Delhi-based research and advocacy organisation, has found very high levels of pesticide residues in human blood samples taken from Punjab villages. The study conducted by the Centre's Pollution Monitoring Laboratory appears in the fortnightly newsmagazine Down To Earth (June 15, 2005).
New Delhi, August 17, 2003: From attacking CSE's testing methodology; trying to pass off water tests instead of tests on the final product; using the WTO as a bogeyman; questioning the existence of laboratories in the country that can test their products; to even questioning the existence of standards elsewhere in the world. Pepsi and Coca-Cola are trying every trick in the corporate book to discredit concerns raised by the CSE report on pesticides in aerated drinks sold in India.
In February, we released a study on pesticide residues in bottled water being sold in the market. We reported how we found legalised pesticides in bottled water. In other words, the norms for regulating pesticide levels in these bottles were so designed that pesticide residues would not be detected.
The Supreme Court today asked Hindustan Coca-Cola Beverages to withdraw its petition, saying there were no grounds for the Court to hear the issue.
Although a copy of the petition was not yet available, Mr Kapil Sibal, counsel for Coca-Cola, argued that the tests on cola samples were being carried out by laboratories across the country that are not accredited and without any standards for pesticide levels in the country.
The Centre for Science and Environment welcomes the decision of the High Court in response to a petition filed by PepsiCo India Holdings Pvt Ltd and Others, calling for an expert committee to review the findings of pesticide residues in carbonated soft drinks. The experts' findings are to be made available in 3 weeks.
All sides agreed that the government should choose the laboratories where the testing is done, and samples for testing should be picked up at random from the market, not provided by the company.
New Delhi, August 8, 2003: The Centre for Science and Environment (CSE) welcomes the Union government's initiative to have soft drinks sold by the two cola giants independently tested for pesticide residues. CSE advises the government to broaden the ambit: testing must be done also for residues of cadmium, arsenic and lead, since the standard for these hazardous substances is much higher – 50 times – than what is legislated for the bottled water industry.
New Delhi August 7, 2003: The Centre for Science and Environment (CSE) would like to express its disbelief and its annoyance at the way the soft drink industry is trying to make a mockery of the Indian public and the media. Since CSE's report was released on August 5, soft drink manufacturers have not hesitated to call CSE by every possible name and to attack its credibility; they have also termed its reports "baseless". CSE did not respond because it wanted to see the data that the soft drink manufacturers had in their defense.
Laboratory test finds pesticide residues in all cold drinks tested. Just as it had in bottled water six months ago. How hollow are the quality claims of soft drink multinationals? How can Indian consumers be saddled with sub-standard products? How can companies get away with such bad practices?
A hard-hitting exposé by CSE on how the pesticide industry connived with government officials and scientists in Kerala to successfully lift the ban on a deadly pesticide. At stake here is the integrity of the state government's decision-making for generations far into the future. It not only spells irreparable harm for the residents of Kerala, but also makes a mockery of public health concerns.


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30 CFR 870.16 - Acceptable payment methods.
§ 870.16
Acceptable payment methods.
Include the applicable Master Entity No.(s) ( Part 1-Block 4 on the OSM-1 Form), and OSM Document No.(s) ( Part 1-upper right corner of the OSM-1 Form) on the wire message; and
Use our approved form or approved electronic form to report coal tonnage sold, used, or for which ownership was transferred to the address indicated in the Instructions for Completing the OSM-1 Form.
Forward payments by electronic transfer in accordance with the procedures specified in paragraph (a) of this section; or
Submit a check or money order payable to the Office of Surface Mining Reclamation and Enforcement in the same envelope with the OSM-1 Form to: Office of Surface Mining Reclamation and Enforcement, P.O. Box 360095M, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15251.
If you pay more than $25,000 by a method other than an electronic fund transfer mechanism approved by the U.S. Department of the Treasury, you will be in violation of the Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977, as amended.
[73 FR 67632, Nov. 14, 2008]
Title 30 published on 2012-07-01
no entries appear in the Federal Register after this date.
This is a list of United States Code sections, Statutes at Large, Public Laws, and Presidential Documents, which provide rulemaking authority for this CFR Part.
This list is taken from the Parallel Table of Authorities and Rules provided by GPO [Government Printing Office].
It is not guaranteed to be accurate or up-to-date, though we do refresh the database weekly. More limitations on accuracy are described at the GPO site.

subset: commoncrawl


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BCBGMAXAZRIA Bedford Shoulder Bag, Handbag of the Day
We love the asymmetrical rectangular front pocket, and the elegantly trimmed cloth strap. The dark metal details add distinction to the simple, 17"W x 12.75"H x 6"D shape.
Teal, or "Blue Surf," goes beautifully with white and black ensembles, and would be an excellent match for this spring's greys, as well.
The BCBGMAXAZRIA Women's Bedford Large Shoulder Bag is available from Bloomingdales for $398.00.


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Product Details
Would you like to update product info or give feedback on images? |
There are many standouts here with few skippers. "Love's Recovery," gets a little bogged down in weepiness, but the others are sing along folk coffee house with a twist of butch, folky medley of melodious melody. Perhaps the finest moment in the album is when Michael Stipe from R.E.M. breaks in oh so subtly in "Kid Fears." The interplay between the three voice is one of the finest things that have been laid down on vinyl or whatever CD's are made of.
Don't miss out on this wonderful listen. You'll be wearing Levi's with the pocket chain wallet attachment and singing to your hears content. Peace out brethren and sistren.
The CD comes in a cool cardboard/paper sleeve that the jewel box fits in, but other than that, and the gold color (and 24kt gold content) of the disc, there is absolutely no difference... especially in the sound.
When you turn the volume up all the way on both the original, you hear the pops and squeaks as the guitarists hands and fingers move along the strings. The gold edition of this disc still includes these pops and squeaks. They weren't removed, and if this gold version is supposedly "re-mastered" from the original, it must have been re-mastered for the hearing range of bats, because I can not tell the difference.
If you're into collecting everything they've ever done, or you don't already own the original version of this CD, this is a good buy... the gold version will supposedly last longer, but it's not like you're going to be saving the silver version for your great-great grandchildren. Unless you leave your CDs on the dashboard of your car in the hot sun, the silver version should last past your life time anyway.


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I'm looking for a free spreadsheet editor that is simple and lightweight. I don't want to install OpenOffice just to use a some spreadsheets every once in a while.
If Chrome isn't too heavy for you Google Docs has very capable spreadsheet facilities that improve all the time. You can even run it offline if you're going to be away from an internet connection. | |||||
I haven't used it, but pyspread looks promising: | ||||
If you just need to view an Excel spreadsheet ( Numbers, part of Apple's iWork suite, is neither free nor lightweight. But at US$20, it's quite affordable, particularly in proportion to the functionality it provides, and it certainly feels more lightweight than Open/LibreOffice. | |||||
There is gnumeric which is Gnomes's spreadsheet. It seems quick and lite. However it is designed for GNOME, one of the Unix desktops and does not look OSX like (note this is even using Cocoa GTK not X11) Also you need to install on OSX from source. I used macports | |||
Try OpenOffice or LibreOffice; both have Mac versions as well as PC versions. | |||||||||


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Levi's Levi's® Technicolor Bermuda Shorts - Girls 4-6x
Brought to you in technicolor from Levis! Cool solid bermuda shorts show off ombré-hue embroidery on the coin and back pockets. 5-pocket stylingadjustable waistzip and button closuresfrayed leg openingsramie/polyester/cotton/spandexwashableimported
Product A dark wash lends just the right amount of comfortable softness without sacrificing crisp stylishness on these Levi's 527 ...jeans for boys. Boys jeans Single button closure Zippered fly 5-pocket design Slim, straight-leg design Material: 100% Cotton Care: Machine washable Imported if(isI18NConvReq()){ $("#desc a").hide(); } Read More
Product Show off your fashion sense in these black magic jeans from Levi Strauss. Featuring comfortable, loose fitting legs and so...lid construction, these pants will have you looking sharp for a long time. Zip fly; button closure Five-pocket styling Relaxed fit Material: Cotton denim Care: Machine wash if(isI18NConvReq()){ $("#desc a").hide(); } Read More
Product Use These Levi's 550 Husky Jeans As The Staple Of Your Son's Wardrobe Levi's boy's 550 husky relaxed jean pants start off ...with an emphasis on strength. The strong jean material will hold up during the rough daily activities of a young boy, whether he is working with his father in the garage or playing football in the yard with his friends. However, the fabric is made of a specially formulated cotton blend that promises and delivers comfort that he?ll live in. Rather than giving him a stiff material that he?ll be averse to wearing, these jeans boast a revolutionary combination of soft and tough, giving him an incredible look and feel. The Levi's 550 husky jeans feature the standard amenities that are needed in your son's life. A button waist combines with a zip fly for the preferred closure when it comes to modern pants. The five pockets are spacious without being bulky. The dark crosshatch color can be matched with everything from a white t-shirt to a holiday sweater. Strong belt loops mean that these pants are ideal for growing children especially if he hits a sudden growth spurt, because jeans these tough are built to last. Levi's boy's 550 husky relaxed jean pants offer the strength and durability that boys need The waistband uses the toughness of a button closure but combines it with the ease of a zip fly The relaxed fit provides comfort in school or around the house The five-pocket design provides him with plenty of places to carry his wallet, his phone, and anything else he desires The cotton-blend fabric is machine washable for your convenience For more great options, take a look at the selection of jeans that are available from Sears if(isI18NConvReq()){ $("#desc a").hide(); } Read More
Product Unquestionably cool, these boy's 505 jeans from Levi's offer modern style with the classic quality you expect from Levi St...rauss. A roomy regular leg ensures he gets the fit he loves while providing the perfect partner to his favorite T-shirts, hoodies and sneakers. Belt loops Zip fly and button closure Regular leg Denim construction Fabric: Cotton blend Care: Machine wash Imported if(isI18NConvReq()){ $("#desc a").hide(); } Read More
Product He will look dapper when dressed in these 3D black jeans from Levi's. Regular fit with a 5-pocket design, these stylish je...ans will look cool with his favorite shirts. Sits at waist Button and zipper closure Belt loops 5 pocket design Straight leg Material: cotton blend Care: machine wash if(isI18NConvReq()){ $("#desc a").hide(); } Read More
These Levi boys' loose straight-leg jeans give him everyday classic style. In rusted rigid. Product Features Durable denim const...ruction ensures long-lasting comfort 5-pocket Zipper fly Fabric and Care Cotton Machine wash Imported Promotional offers available online at Kohls.com may vary from those offered in Kohl's stores. Read More
With a slim fit and straight-leg styling, these boys' Levi's jeans are perfect for his everyday wardrobe. In dark stonewash. Prod...uct Features Durable denim construction ensures lasting comfort 5-pocket Zipper fly Fabric and Care Cotton Machine wash Imported Read More
Lurex embroidery and sequins accent the pockets of these girls' Levi's jeans for shimmering style. In jet set indigo wash. Produc...t Features Inner adjustable waistband 4-pocket Zipper fly Fabric and Care Ramie/cotton/polyester/spandex Machine wash Imported Read More
With a flared design and star embroidery, these girls' Levi's jeans provide adorable appeal. In medium wash. Product Features Du...rable denim construction ensures lasting comfort 5-pocket Zipper fly Fabric and Care Cotton Machine wash Imported Read More
These Levi's girls' loose-fitting jeans combine style and comfort she'll love. In medium wash. Product Features Low rise and str...aight-leg design add modern flair Faded details offer a vintage look 5-pocket Zipper fly Elastic waistband Fabric and Care Cotton Machine wash Imported Read More
Royal Velvet solid bath towels complete your bath with a splash of color and a touch of luxurious softness. colorful and super abs...orbentwoven Egyptian cotton for ultra softness gets softer and fluffier with every wash 6-piece set includes: 2 bath towels2 hand towels2 washcloths Egyptian cotton. Washable. Imported. Bath towel: 30x56"Hand towel: 16x28"Washcloth: 13x13"Bath sheet: 34x64"Tub mat: 21x34" Care tip: Some lint may be observed in the first few launderings of towels, and will diminish with each subsequent laundering. This does not affect the look, feel or performance of your towels. Please follow the recommended care instructions on the label and keep the lint trap clean on your dryer. Read More
Only the sweetest of dreams can be had in this glider. 25ľ"x35˝"x21˝"H highest quality ball bearings UV protected solid maple fini...sh soil and stain resistant microfiber polyester/foam spot clean imported Read More
The jungle is contained indoors with the help from a fierce animal-print curtain panel. includes one curtain panelpanel is 43x84"3..." rod pocketcottonwashableimported Read More
Time to bring drama to the nursery with an elegant curtain panel. includes one curtain panelpanel is 43x84"3" rod pocketcottonwash...ableimported Read More
Look whos come to visit! A flower-adorned monkey peeks out at the top of this bubblegum-hued valance. 58x14"3" rod pocketcotton; p...olyester trimwashableimported Read More
This Galaxy silver shower curtain is a contemporary style featuring raised irregular circles in shimmering metallic silver. 72? sq...uarefun, cosmic themethe perfect complement to todays modern bathroomdesigned for use with the Galaxy shower hooks sold separatelycoordinating Galaxy bath pieces also available Polyester. Measures 72x72?. Imported. Read More
Rock your little one to a restful sleep with a comfortable glider that adds an extra element of style to your nursery décor. longe...st, smoothest glide availablehigh-quality steel ball bearingsdurable, long-lasting gliding mechanismhigh-quality cushion gives ample supportmicrofiber fabric resists soil and stainingUV protected finish resists fadingsolid maple with espresso finish31x26x43"polyester/foamspot cleanimported Read More
Kids hamper is perfect for laundry or toy storage. Coordinates with the Alexis Garden collection. washable mesh linercottonimporte...d Read More
Add a natural touch to your Christmas tree, wreath or garland with an elegant pick. Just place randomly among branches for extra y...uletide texture. from the design studios of Martha Stewart adorned with beads and sequins beautifully complements other holiday decorations MarthaHoliday by Martha Stewart available exclusively at jcpenney Plastic/wire. Measures 4x˝x30"L. Imported. Read More
Crafted from sisal, this sweet owl figurine is ready to share the spirit of the season. Pair with other sisal figurines from our "...Arctic" collection to enhance a wintery holiday scene. from the design studios of Martha Stewartlightweight, fibrous sisal for a lifelike lookbeautifully complements other holiday decorationsMarthaHoliday by Martha Stewart available exclusively at jcpenney Sisal. Measures 3˝x3˝x6"H. Imported. Read More


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NP Rank:
How to protect yourself in a recession
Here are some things you can do to protect yourself in a recession:
Debt: The government, and Americans as a whole are carrying large sums of debt. The fact is that you can't get to prosperity by borrowing. However, that has not stopped the federal government from increasing their spending from 3.7 trillion to 9.3 trillion. It does not stop consumers from living off credit cards, and maxing out their available credit. It leads to many of the problems we are seeing, such as having to borrow from other countries, having to lose homes to foreclosure, and more. So, what can you learn and apply to your personal finances? You can learn that debt leads to downward cycles, not upward. Buying things you can't afford, and living beyond your means does not mean happiness, it means burdens you sometimes can't overcome.
Because debt is one of the largest contributors to our economic decline you can take note and get yourself out of debt. You should stop spending, cut those credit cards up, close accounts that are inactive, and make paying your debts off your biggest focus. Aggressively paying off your debts is going to help you be in the best financial position possible. If you do not owe money on your car, it can't be repossessed. If you do not owe large sums on credit cards, then if the creditor calls in the debt, you won't be in a pinch trying to find a way to pay it. The best plan of action is to start by paying off your highest interest debt first. Apply as large of a payment as you can to it, and when it is paid off, transfer that sum, plus whatever you are already paying, to another debt until it is paid off, and on and on. If you do this, you will get out of debt faster. Never pay minimum payments, instead pay at least double. And, while working to get out of debt, do not add to your debt load. Set a firm rule, "If you can't pay cash, you can't have it."
Relying too heavily on others: Our government and economy have relied too long on resources coming from other countries.
Read more on how to protect yourself during a recession


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Disposing of unwanted medications
Medicines flushed down the drain can contaminate water, which can hurt fish and other aquatic wildlife, and end up in our drinking water.
Disposing of old or unused medications will help prevent possible misuse, poisoning, or even theft. According to a national survey more than 6 million Americans age 12 and older misused prescription pain relievers for nonmedical purposes. And, 70% of those drugs came from a friend or relative. Medications are also a significant cause of accidental poisoning and death, as reported by the Poison Control Center. See prescription drug abuse for more information.
Here are a few options to help dispose of your expired or unwanted prescription or over-the-counter medications safely.
Collection sites for household pharmaceuticals
Take advantage of a community drug take-back program. Because of concerns of drug abuse and that some medications are highly regulated controlled substances, drug take-back programs are managed through law enforcement agencies. See Law Enforcement Guidance Document - Managing household pharmaceuticals (w-hhw2-06) .
A number of counties hold regularly scheduled drug-take back events, and many police and sheriff facilities have permanent drop boxes. These programs typically accept all medicines from households, including prescription, over-the-counter, and pet medicines.
Contact your county sheriff's office or city police office to find out if there is a permanent collection site near you. Or call your city or county to see what options are available in your community. Twin Cities residents can visit RethinkRecycling.com for details.
Disposing of medications at home
Your unwanted medications may be disposed of in your trash. Follow these precautions to prevent accidental or intentional ingestion.
- Keep the medication in its original container. The labels may contain safety information and the caps are typically childproof. Leaving the content information clearly visible, cover the patient's name with permanent maker.
- Modify the contents to discourage consumption.
- Solid medications: add a small amount of vinegar to pills or capsules to at least partially dissolve them.
- Liquid medications: add enough table salt, flour, or nontoxic powdered spice, such as mustard to make a pungent, unsightly mixture that discourages anyone from eating it.
- Blister packs: wrap packages containing pills in opaque tape like duct tape.
- Seal and conceal. Tape the medication container lid shut with packing or duct tape and put it inside a non-transparent bag or container such as an empty yogurt or margarine tub to ensure that the contents cannot be seen. Do not conceal medicines in food products because they could be inadvertently consumed by wildlife scavengers.
- Discard the container in your garbage can—do not place in the recycling bin.
Incineration is the preferred method for destruction of household pharmaceuticals. If you know your garbage goes to an incinerator, you can safely dispose of your medications using these instructions. If your garbage goes to a landfill and you would prefer not to wait until a collection option is available, it is still better to follow these instructions than to flush any medications.
Managing other types of pharmaceutical waste
Unused ampoules, vials, and IV bags should not be opened. Wrap the container with tape to minimize breakage, then place in an opaque plastic container (such as an empty yogurt or margarine tub). Wrap the outside of the container or bag with additional duct or shipping tape to prevent leakage and further obscure the contents. Dispose of the container in the trash.
Chemotherapy drugs may require special handling. Work with your healthcare provider on proper disposal options for this type of medication.
Mercury thermometers: When you are checking through your medicine cabinet for outdated pharmaceuticals, please also be on the lookout for mercury thermometers. However, household pharmaceutical collection sites do not collect any mercury-containing devices or needles and syringes. It is very important for your family's safety for you to take mercury thermometers to your local household hazardous waste collection sites. Please also check for cooking thermometers. Mercury cooking thermometers are especially dangerous because if they break in a pan of hot liquid the vapors are extremely toxic. Be very careful when handling thermometers. Keep them in their cases if they came with one, and remove them from the house as soon as you can.
New study of pharmaceuticals in Minnesota surface waters
- Wastewater Treatment Plant Endocrine Disrupting Chemical Monitoring Study (lrp-ei-1sy11) The Minnesota Pollution Control Agency studied the effluent from 25 wastewater treatment plants to obtain a more complete picture of the types and amounts of endocrine-disrupting compounds released into the state's surface water. Analysis of water samples detects pharmaceuticals, triclosan, nonylphenol, nonylphenol ethoxylates, octylphenol, octylphenol ethoxylates, bisphenol A, and hormones.


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Brilliant! A smoothing bra that keeps you looking fabulous...all the way around! Hidden front adjusters stay secure and sleek, while ultra-comfortable microfiber contours to the back.
The delivery date of your order depends on when the order leaves our warehouse, the destination address for the item and the shipping method. For select items, we offer an Estimated Delivery Date during checkout. An Estimated Delivery Date is a calculation of several factors, including item availability, processing time in our warehouse, the shipping method you select and the shipping destination. Please note that Estimated Delivery Dates are estimates only, and are not guaranteed.


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Apricot Filling
Apricot Filling
- Prep Time : 5 min
- Cook Time : 20 min
- Ready Time : 25 min
- 12 ounces dried apricots, chopped
- 2 tablespoons sugar, or more to taste, depending on the sweetness of the fruit
- 1 teaspoon fresh lemon juice
- ½ teaspoon cinnamon, optional
Place apricots in a saucepan. Add sugar, lemon juice, and just enough water to barely cover the fruit. Bring to a boil and reduce to a simmer. Cook down the dried fruit until reduced and thick, 15 to 20 minutes. Add cinnamon, if using. Transfer the cooked fruit to a food processor and pulse 3 to 4 times until desired consistency is reached.
As seen in the Joy of Kosher with Jamie Geller Magazine Purim 2012 – Subscribe Now.
Similar Recipes
2 Responses to Apricot Filling
perfect for hamantashed and also between layers of chocolate cake


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Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-17
Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-17 | |
Restored MiG-17 in the markings of the Polish Air Force | |
Role | Fighter aircraft |
National origin | Soviet Union |
Manufacturer | Mikoyan-Gurevich |
First flight | 14 January 1950 |
Introduction | October 1952 |
Status | Active with North Korea, Mali Air Force, and Tanzania Air Force. |
Primary users | Soviet Air Force PLA Air Force Polish Air Force Vietnam People's Air Force |
Number built | 11,060 |
Developed from | Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-15 |
Variants | PZL-Mielec Lim-6 Shenyang J-5 |
The Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-17 (Russian: Микоян и Гуревич МиГ-17) (NATO reporting name: Fresco) (China:Shenyang J-5) (Poland: PZL-Mielec Lim-6)[1] is a high-subsonic fighter aircraft produced in the USSR from 1952 and operated by numerous air forces in many variants. It is an advanced development of the very similar appearing MiG-15 of the Korean War.
The MiG-17 first saw combat in 1958 over the Straits of Taiwan and was used as an effective threat against supersonic fighters of the United States in the Vietnam War. It was also briefly known as the "Type 38", by U.S. Air Force designation prior to the development of NATO codes.[2]
While the MiG-15bis would be destined to introduce swept wings to air combat over Korea, by 1949, the Mikoyan-Gurevich design bureau had already begun work on its replacement, originally the MiG-15bis45, which would fix any problems found with the MiG-15 in combat.[3] The result was one of the most successful transonic fighters introduced before the advent of true supersonic types such as the Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-19 and North American F-100 Super Sabre. The design would ultimately still prove effective into the 1960s when pressed into dogfights over Vietnam against supersonic types which were generally flown at subsonic speeds, and not optimized for subsonic maneuvering short-range engagements.
While the MiG-15 used a Mach sensor to deploy airbrakes because it could not safely exceed Mach 0.92, the MiG-17 was designed to be controllable at higher Mach numbers.[4] Early versions which retained the original Soviet copy of the Rolls-Royce Nene VK-1 engine were heavier with equal thrust. Later MiG-17s would be the first Soviet fighter application of an afterburner which offered increased thrust on demand by dumping fuel in the exhaust of the basic engine.
Though the MiG-17 still strongly resembles its forebear, it had an entirely new thinner and more highly swept wing and tailplane for speeds approaching Mach 1. While the F-86 introduced the "all-flying" tailplane which helped controllability near the speed of sound, this would not be adopted on MiGs until the fully supersonic MiG-19.[5] The wing had a "sickle sweep" compound shape with a 45° angle like the U.S. F-100 Super Sabre near the fuselage (and tailplane), and a 42° angle for the outboard part of the wings.[6] The stiffer wing resisted the tendency to bend its wingtips and lose aerodynamic symmetry unexpectedly at high speeds and wing loads.[3]
Other easily visible differences to its predecessor were the three Wing fences on each wing, instead of the MiG-15's two, the addition of a ventral fin and a longer and less tapered rear fuselage that added about 3 feet in length. The MiG-17 shared the same Klimov VK-1 engine and much of the rest of its construction such as the forward fuselage, landing gear and gun installation was carried over.[6] The first prototype, designated I-330 "SI" by the construction bureau, was flown on the 14 January 1950, piloted by Ivan Ivashchenko.[7]
In the midst of testing, pilot Ivashchenko was killed when his aircraft developed flutter which tore off his horizontal tail, causing a spin and crash on 17 March 1950. Lack of wing stiffness also resulted in aileron reversal which was discovered and fixed. Construction and tests of additional prototypes "SI-2" and experimental series aircraft "SI-02" and "SI-01" in 1951, were generally successful. On 1 September 1951, the aircraft was accepted for production, and formally given its own MiG-17 designation after so many changes from the original MiG-15. It was estimated that with the same engine as the MiG-15's, the MiG-17's maximum speed is higher by 40–50 km/h, and the fighter has greater manoeuvrability at high altitude.[7]
Serial production started in August 1951, but large quantity production was delayed in favor of producing more MiG-15s so it was never introduced in the Korean War. It did not enter service until October 1952, when the MiG-19 was almost ready to be flight tested. During production, the aircraft was improved and modified several times. The basic MiG-17 was a general-purpose day fighter, armed with three cannons, one Nudelman N-37 37mm cannon and two 23mm with 80 rounds per gun, 160 rounds total. It could also act as a fighter-bomber, but its bombload was considered light relative to other aircraft of the time, and it usually carried additional fuel tanks instead of bombs.
Although a canopy which provided clear vision to the rear necessary for dogfighting like the F-86 was designed, production MiG-17Fs got a cheaper rear-view periscope which would still appear on Soviet fighters as late as the MiG-23. By 1953, pilots got safer ejection seats with protective face curtain and leg restraints like the Martin-Baker seats in the west. The MiG-15 had suffered for its lack of a radar gunsight, but in 1951, Soviet engineers obtained a captured F-86 Sabre from Korea and they copied the optical gunsight and SRD-3 gun ranging radar to produce the ASP-4N gunsight and SRC-3 radar. The combination would prove deadly over the skies of Vietnam against aircraft such as the F-4 Phantom whose pilots lamented that guns and radar gunsights had been omitted as obsolescent.[3]
The second prototype variant, "SP-2" (dubbed "Fresco A" by NATO), was an interceptor equipped with a radar. Soon a number of MiG-17P ("Fresco B") all-weather fighters were produced with the Izumrud radar and front air intake modifications.
In early 1953 the MiG-17F day fighter entered production. The "F" indicated it was fitted with the VK-1F engine with an afterburner by modifying the rear fuselage with a new convergent-divergent nozzle and fuel system. The afterburner doubled the rate of climb and greatly improved vertical maneuvers. But while the plane was not designed to be supersonic, skilled pilots could just dash to supersonic speed in a shallow dive, although the aircraft would often pitch up just short of Mach 1. This became the most popular variant of the MiG-17. The next mass-produced variant, MiG-17PF ("Fresco D") incorporated a more powerful Izumrud RP-2 radar, though they were still dependent on Ground Control Interception to find and be directed to targets. In 1956 a small series (47 aircraft) was converted to the MiG-17PM standard (also known as PFU) with four first-generation Kaliningrad K-5 (NATO reporting name AA-1 'Alkali') air-to-air missiles. A small series of MiG-17R reconnaissance aircraft were built with VK-1F engine (after first being tested with the VK-5F engine).
Almost 8,000 MiG-17s were built in the USSR by 1958. Over 3,000 were built under licence in Poland, Czechoslovakia and China.
License production[edit]
In 1955, Poland received a license for MiG-17 production. The MiG-17F was produced by the WSK-Mielec factory under the designation Lim-5. The first Lim-5 was built on 28 November 1956 and 477 were built by 1960. An unknown number were built as the Lim-5R reconnaissance variant, fitted with the AFA-39 camera. In 1959–1960, 129 MiG-17PF interceptors were produced as the Lim-5P . PZL-WSK also developed several Polish strike variants based on the MiG-17: the Lim-5M, produced from 1960; Lim-6bis, produced from 1963; and Lim-6M (converted in the 1970s); as well as two reconnaissance variants: the Lim-6R (Lim-6 "bis" R) and MR.
In the People's Republic of China (PRC), an initial MiG-17F was assembled from parts in 1956, with license production following in 1957 at Shenyang. The Chinese-built version is known as the Shenyang J-5 (for local use) or F-5 (for export).
Operational history[edit]
MiG-17s were designed to intercept straight and level flying enemy bombers, not for air to air combat (Dog-fighting) with other fighters.[9] This subsonic (.93 Mach) fighter was effective against slower (.6-.8 Mach), heavily loaded U.S. fighter-bombers, as well as the mainstay American strategic bombers during the MiG-17's development cycle (such as the Boeing B-50 Superfortress or Convair B-36 Peacemaker, which were both still powered by piston engines). Even if the target had sufficient warning and time to shed weight and drag by dropping external ordnance and accelerate to supersonic escape speeds, doing so would have inherently forced the enemy aircraft to abort its bombing mission. However, the USAF's introduction of strategic bombers capable of supersonic dash speeds such as the Convair B-58 Hustler and General Dynamics FB-111 rendered the MiG-17 obsolete in front-line PVO service and they were supplanted by supersonic interceptors such as the MiG-21 and MiG-23.
MiG-17s were not available for the Korean War, but saw combat for the first time over the Straits of Taiwan when the Communist PRC MiG-17s clashed with the Republic of China (ROC, Nationalist China) F-86 Sabres in 1958.
In 1958, MiG-17s downed a US reconnaissance Lockheed C-130 Hercules over Armenia, with 17 casualties.[10]
Vietnam War[edit]
In 1960, the first group of approximately 50 North Vietnamese airmen were transferred to the PRC to begin transitional training onto the MiG-17. By this time the first detachment of Chinese trained MiG-15 pilots had returned to North Vietnam, and a group of 31 airmen were deployed to the North Vietnamese Air Force base at Son Dong for conversion to the MiG-17. By 1962 the first North Vietnamese pilots had finished their MiG-17 courses in the Soviet Union and the PRC, and returned to their units; to mark the occasion, the Soviets sent as a "gift" 36 MiG-17 fighters and MiG-15UTI trainers to Hanoi in February 1964. These airmen would create North Vietnam's first jet fighter regiment, the 921st.[11] By 1965, another group of MiG pilots had returned from training in Krasnodar, in the USSR, as well as from the PRC. This group would form North Vietnam's second fighter unit, the 923rd Fighter Regiment. While the newly created 923rd FR operated strictly MiG-17s, and initially these were the only types available to oppose modern American supersonic jets, more modern supersonic Soviet fighters would be later introduced as the 921st FR would operate both MiG-17s and MiG-21s (in 1969 the 925th FR MiG-19 unit would be formed).[12]
U.S. fighter-bombers had been engaged in combat since 1961,[13] and the U.S. had some of the most experienced pilots such as Robin Olds who was a double ace against the German Luftwaffe during World War II.[14] As a consequence the untried MiGs and pilots of the North Vietnamese Air Force would be pitted against the most combat experienced airmen of the U.S. Air Force (USAF) and U.S. Navy. The baptism of fire of the MiG-17 in this conflict occurred on 3 April 1965. That day two groups of MiGs took off from Noi Bai airbase. The first group comprised two jets and acted like bait; the second was made of four MiG-17s and was the strike group. Their target were U.S. Navy aircraft supporting an USAF 80-aircraft strike package trying to knock out Ham Rung bridge near Thanh Hoa. The MiG-17 leader, Lt. Pham Ngoc Lan, spotted a group of Vought F-8 Crusaders of the VF-211, USS Hancock, and shot-up the F-8E flown by Lt. Cdr. Spence Thomas, which would perform an emergency landing ashore at Da Nang. His wingman Phan Van Tuc claimed a second F-8, but this is not corroborated by USN loss listings.[15]
On 4 April 1965, the USAF conducted a "re-strike" on the Hàm Rồng/Thanh Hoa bridge with 48 Republic F-105 Thunderchiefs of the 355th Tactical Fighter Wing (TFW) loaded with 384 x 750 lb (340 kg) bombs. The Thunderchiefs were escorted by a MIGCAP flight of North American F-100 Super Sabres from the 416th Tactical Fighter Squadron (TFS). Coming from above, four MiG-17s from the 921st Fighter Regiment (FR) tore through the escorts and dove onto the Thunderchiefs, shooting two of them down; the leader Tran Hanh downed F-105D 59-1754 of Major F. E. Benett, and his element leader Le Minh Huan downed F-105D 59-1764 of Captain J. A. Magnusson.[16][17] The Super Sabres engaged with one firing an "AIM-9 Sidewinder" air-to-air missile which apparently missed (or malfunctioned),[18] and another F-100D flown by Captain Donald Kilgus fired 20mm cannons,[19] which also apparently missed, but shot down and killed Tran Hanh's wingman Pham Giay.[20] No other U.S. airmen reported any confirmed aerial kills during the air battle. However, Tran Hanh stated that three of his accompanying MiG-17s had been shot down by the opposing USAF fighters.[21]
During the 4 April 1965 engagement, four MiG-17s from the 921st FR had tangled with over 50 U.S. jet fighter-bombers, consisting of F-105s and F-100s.[18] Three F-100s from the MiGCAP, piloted by LTC Emmett L. Hays, CPT Keith B. Connolly,[18] and CPT Donald W. Kilgus, all from the 416th TFS,[22] engaged the MiG-17s. One Super Sabre fired an air-to-air missile and Connolly and Kilgus engaged with 20 mm cannon, with only Kilgus claiming a probable kill. The four attacking MiGs from the 921st FR were flown by Flight Leader Tran Hanh, Wingman Pham Giay, Le Minh Huan and Tran Nguyen Nam.[23] Flight Leader Tran Hanh was the only survivor from the air battle and reportedly stated that his three MiG-17s were "... shot down by the F-105s."[21] Based upon the report, the USAF F-100s very well could have been mistaken for F-105s, and the reported loss of three MiG-17s to those mistaken jet fighters[16] would indicate that the USAF F-100 Super Sabres had obtained the first U.S. aerial combat victories during the Vietnam War.
The MiG-17 was the primary interceptor of the fledgling Vietnam People's Air Force in 1965, scoring its first aerial victories and seeing extensive combat during the Vietnam War, the aircraft frequently worked in conjunction with MiG-21s and MiG-19s. Many historians believe that some North Vietnamese pilots, in fact, preferred the MiG-17 over the MiG-21 because it was more agile, though not as fast; however, of the 16 NVAF Aces of the war, 13 of them attained that status while flying the MiG-21. Only three North Vietnamese Airmen gained Ace status while flying the MiG-17. Those were: Nguyen Van Bay (7 victories), Luu Huy Chao and Le Hai (both with six).[24]
MiG-17/J-5 aerial combat victories in the Vietnam War 1965-1972[25][26][edit]
North Vietnamese Air Force (NVAF)[27] and Chinese Communist (Chicom) air-space violation air to air kills:
Date/year | MiG-17 Unit | Aircraft Weapon Used | Aircraft Destroyed | Destroyed Aircraft Unit/Comments |
4/4/1965 | NVAF 921st Fighter Regiment (FR) | 23mm and 37mm cannon | (2) F-105D Thunderchiefs | USAF 354th Tactical Fighter Squadron (TFS) |
4/9/65 | Unknown | 23mm/37mm | F-4B Phantom II | USN VF-96/Downed by Chicom MiGs |
6/20/65 | Unknown | 23mm/37mm | F-4C | USAF 45th TFS |
4/12/1966 | Unknown | 23mm/37mm | KA-3B Skywarrior | USN VAH-4 Aerial Re-Fueller (Air Tanker)/Downed by Chicom MiGs |
4/29/66 | Unknown | 23mm/37mm | A-1E Skyraider | USAF 602nd Air Commando Squadron (ACS) |
6/21/66 | 923rd FR | 23mm/37mm | F-8E Crusader[28] | USN VF-211 |
1966 | 923rd FR | 23mm/37mm | (4) F-105Ds, (2) F-8Es, (2) F-4Cs, (1) RC-47D | USAF 355th Tactical Fighter Wing (TFW), 354th TFS, 421st TFS, 433rd TFS, 555th TFS, 606th ACS. USN VF-111, VF-162. (3) F-105s and (2) F-4s were downed by unknown MiG units. |
4/19/1967 | 921st FR | 23mm/37mm | F-105F | USAF 357th TFS |
1967 | 923rd FR | 23mm/37mm | (1) A-1E, (3) F-4Cs, (1) A-4C Skyhawk, (1) F-4D | USAF 390th TFS, 433rd TFS, 602nd ACS; USN VA-76. F-4D downed by unknown MiG unit. (1) F-4C downed by Chicom MiGs. |
1968 | Unknown | 23mm/37mm | (2) F-4Ds, (1) F-105F | USAF 357th TFS, 435th TFS |
2/14/68 | Unknown | 23mm/37mm | A-1H | USN VA-25/Downed by Chicom MiG |
7/10/1972 | 923rd FR | 23mm/37mm | F-4J | USN VF-103 |
Total Other: | 6 | |||
Total F-4s | 11 | |||
Total F-8s | 3 | |||
F-105s | 8 | |||
Total Aircraft Downed: | 28 | |||
Technical Data: | The NVAF made no distinction between their MiG-17s and J-5s,[29] which mounted 2 23mm and 1 37mm cannons with a firing time of 5 seconds for all three guns. However the MiG-17 guns could hit out to 5,000 feet and with a 2 second burst strike a US jet with nearly 70 pounds of metal. This contrasted to a same burst from US M-61 Vulcan and Colt Mk-12 20mm cannons which hit with an approximate 39 and 35 pounds of metal respectively.[30] |
The MiG-17 was not originally designed to function as a fighter-bomber, but in 1971 Hanoi directed that United States Navy warships were to be attacked by elements of the North Vietnamese Air Force. This would require the MiG-17 to be fitted with bomb mountings and release mechanisms. Chief Engineer of the NVAF ground crews, Truong Khanh Chau,[31] was tasked with the mission of modifying two MiG-17s for the ground attack role; after three months of work, the two jets were ready. On 19 April 1972, two pilots from the 923rd FR took their bomb laden MiG-17s and attacked the U.S. Navy destroyer USS Higbee (DD-806) and light cruiser USS Oklahoma City (CLG-5). Each MiG was armed with two 250 kg (550 lb) bombs. Pilot Le Xuan Di managed to hit the destroyer's aft 5" gun mount, destroying it, but inflicting no fatalities, as the crewmen had vacated the turret earlier due to a malfunction with the gun system.[32] After the war, Truong Khanh Chau became the Director of the Vietnam Institute for Science and Technology in 1977.[33]
From 1965 to 1972, MiG-17s from the NVAF 921st and 923rd FRs would claim 71 aerial victories against U.S. aircraft: 11 Crusaders, 16 F-105 Thunderchiefs, 32 McDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantom IIs, two Douglas A-4 Skyhawks, seven Douglas A-1 Skyraiders (propeller driven strike aircraft), one C-47 cargo/transport aircraft, one Sikorsky CH-3C helicopter and one Ryan Firebee UAV.[34]
The American fighter community was shocked in 1965 when elderly, subsonic MiG-17s downed sophisticated Mach-2-class F-105 Thunderchief fighter-bombers over North Vietnam.[citation needed]
Other MiG-17 users[edit]
Twenty countries flew MiG-17s. The MiG-17 became a standard fighter in all Warsaw Pact countries in the late 1950s and early 1960s. They were also bought by many other countries, mainly in Africa and Asia, that were neutrally aligned or allied with the USSR. The MiG-17 still flies today in the air forces of Burkina Faso, China (JJ-5 Trainer) Mali, Mozambique, North Korea, Republic of the Congo, Sudan, Tanzania and Zimbabwe.
At least 24 of them served with the Nigerian Air Force and were flown by a mixed group of local Nigerian and mercenary pilots from East Germany, Soviet Union, South Africa, the United Kingdom, and Australia during the 1967-70 Nigerian Civil War.
Four were hurriedly supplied by the USSR to Sri Lanka during the 1971 insurgency and were used for bombing and ground attack in the brief insurgency. Four North Korean MiG-17 aircraft were involved in the EC-121 shootdown incident in 1969.
Soviet Union[edit]
Similarly in 1958, a U.S. Air Force Lockheed C-130 was shot down by four MiG-17 fighters when it flew into Soviet airspace near Yerevan, Armenia while on a Sun Valley Signal intelligence mission, with all 17 crew killed.
United States[edit]
A number of U.S. federal agencies undertook a program at Groom Lake to evaluate the MiG-17 to help fight the Vietnam War, as the kill ratio against North Vietnamese MiG-17s and MiG-21s was only 2:1. The program was code-named HAVE DRILL, involving trials of two ex-Syrian MiG-17F Frescos over the skies of Groom Lake.[35] These aircraft were given USAF designations and fake serial numbers so that they may be identified in DOD standard flight logs.
In addition to tracking the dog fights staged between the various MiG models against virtually every fighter in U.S. service, and against SAC's B-52 Stratofortress and B-58 Hustlers to test the ability of the bombers' countermeasures systems. They also performed radar cross-section and propulsion tests that contributed greatly to improvements in U.S. aerial performance in Vietnam.
According to the Federal Aviation Authority there are 27 privately owned MiG-17s in the U.S.[36]
- Prototype.
- MiG-17 ("Fresco A")
- Basic fighter version powered by VK-1 engine ("aircraft SI").
- MiG-17A
- Fighter version powered by VK-1A engine with longer lifespan.
- MiG-17AS
- Multirole conversion, fitted to carry unguided rockets and the K-13 air to air missile.
- MiG-17P ("Fresco B")
- All-weather fighter version equipped with Izumrud radar ("aircraft SP").
- MiG-17F ("Fresco C")
- Basic fighter version powered by VK-1F engine with afterburner ("aircraft SF").
- MiG-17PF ("Fresco D")
- All-weather fighter version equipped with Izumrud radar and VK-1F engine ("aircraft SP-7F").
- MiG-17PM/PFU ("Fresco E")
- Fighter version equipped with radar and K-5 (NATO: AA-1 "Alkali") air-to-air missiles ("aircraft SP-9").
- MiG-17R
- Reconnaissance aircraft with VK-1F engine and camera ("aircraft SR-2s")
- MiG-17SN
- Experimental variant with twin side intakes, no central intake, and nose redesigned to allow 23 mm cannons to pivot to engage ground targets. Not produced.
- Shenyang J-5
Some withdrawn aircraft were converted to remotely controlled targets.
- Afghanistan
- Afghan Air Force. Around 100 MiG-17F acquired by the Afghan Air Force from 1957.
- Albania
- Albanian Air Force - 20 aircraft, including eight Chinese-made JJ-5 trainers, were acquired. All fixed wing Albanian aircraft, including MiG-17 and JJ-5, were retired from active service as part of the Albanian preparations to join NATO.
- Algeria
- Algerian Air Force
- Angola
- People's Air and Air Defence Force of Angola
- Bangladesh
- Bangladeshi Air Force
- Bulgaria
- Bulgarian Air Force
- Burkina Faso
- Cambodia
- Royal Cambodian Air Force - 16 aircraft, including five MiG-17s and 11 Shenyang J-5 were received from the Soviet Union and China in 1967-1968, later all were destroyed on the ground in 1971.[37]
- China
- see also Shenyang J-5
- People's Liberation Army Air Force
- People's Liberation Army Navy Air Force. J-5 trainers still in limited service. Single seat fighters have been retired and sold to other countries.
- Republic of the Congo
- Congolese Air Force
- Cuba
- Cuban Air Force
- Czechoslovakia
- Czechoslovakian Air Force - two MiG-17F for evaluation purposes (EP-01 and EP-02), 34 MiG-17PF all-weather interceptors. All retired before 1970.
- East Germany
- East German Air Force
- Egypt
- Egyptian Air Force
- Ethiopia
- Ethiopian Air Force. All retired.
- Guinea
- Military of Guinea
- Guinea-Bissau
- Military of Guinea-Bissau
- Indonesia
- Indonesian Air Force - Using MiG-17F and MiG-17PF. All of the aircraft acquired in 1961. Used during the preparation of Operation TRIKORA in 1962 to take Western New Guinea, now Papua and Papua Barat, from the Netherlands. Some of the aircraft were used intensively in Air Forces / TNI-AU Acrobatic Team in 1962 for air show events around Indonesia. All aircraft were grounded in 1969. None have been in service since 1970.
- Iraq
- Iraqi Air Force
- Hungary
- Hungarian Air Force
- Khmer Republic
- Khmer National Air Force
- Libya
- Libyan Air Force
- Madagascar
- Mali
- Air Force of Mali
- Mongolia
- Mongolian Air Force - Between in 1970-1977 received than 17 aircraft
- Morocco
- Royal Moroccan Air Force (former)
- Mozambique
- Military of Mozambique
- Nigeria
- Nigerian Air Force
- North Korea
- North Korean Air Force - J-5 still in service.
- Pakistan
- Pakistan Air Force - JJ-5 was replaced by the K-8P with the last aircraft retired 5 January 2012.[38]
- Poland
- Romania
- Romanian Air Force - 12 MiG-17PF and 12 MiG-17F entered service in 1955 and 1956, respectively.
- Somalia
- Somali Air Corps
- Soviet Union
- Sri Lanka
- Sri Lankan Air Force - All retired from service.
- Syria
- Syrian Air Force
- Tanzania
- Tanzanian Air Force - J-5 in service.
- Uganda
- Ugandan Air Force - Some ex-Czech; serviceability doubtful.[39]
- United States
- Civilian use only, Formerly used for evaluation in the United States Air Force
- Vietnam
- Vietnam People's Air Force
- Yemen
- Yemen Air Force
- Zimbabwe
- Air Force of Zimbabwe JJ-5 Trainer in service.
Specifications (MiG-17F)[edit]
Data from Combat Aircraft since 1945,[41] MiG: Fifty Years of Secret Aircraft Design[42]
General characteristics
- Crew: One
- Length: 11.26 m (36 ft 11½ in)
- Wingspan: 9.63 m (31 ft 7 in)
- Height: 3.80 m (12 ft 5½ in)
- Wing area: 22.6 m² (243.3 ft²)
- Empty weight: 3,919 kg[43] (8,640 lb)
- Loaded weight: 5,350 kg (11,770 lb)
- Max. takeoff weight: 6,069 kg (13,375 lb)
- Powerplant: 1 × Klimov VK-1F afterburning turbojet
- Dry thrust: 22.5 kN (5,046 lbf)
- Thrust with afterburner: 33.8 kN (7,423 lbf)
- Maximum speed: 1,145 km/h (618 knots, 711 mph) at 3,000 m (10,000 ft)
- Range: 2,060 km (1,111 nmi, 1,280 mi)with drop tanks
- Service ceiling: 16,600 m (54,450 ft)
- Rate of climb: 65 m/s (12,800 ft/min)
- Wing loading: 237 kg/m² (48 lb/ft²)
- Thrust/weight: 0.63
- 1x 37 mm Nudelman N-37 cannon (40 rounds total)
- 2x 23 mm Nudelman-Rikhter NR-23 cannons (80 rounds per gun, 160 rounds total)
- Up to 500 kg (1,100 lb) of external stores on two pylons, including 100 kg (220 lb) and 250 kg (550 lb) bombs, unguided rockets or external fuel tanks.
See also[edit]
- Related development
- Aircraft of comparable role, configuration and era
- Related lists
- ^ Parsch, Andreas and Aleksey V. Martynov. "Designations of Soviet and Russian Military Aircraft and Missiles." Non-U.S. Military Aircraft and Missile Designations, revised 18 January 2008. Retrieved: 30 March 2009.
- ^ Parsch, Andreas and Aleksey V. Martynov. "Designations of Soviet and Russian Military Aircraft and Missiles: 5.1 "Type" Numbers (1947-1955)." Non-U.S. Military Aircraft and Missile Designations, revised 18 January 2008. Retrieved: 30 March 2009.
- ^ a b c Davies, Peter. USN F-4 Phantom II Vs VPAF MiG-17: Vietnam 1965-72. London: Osprey, 2009. ISBN 978-1-84603-475-6.
- ^ Sweetman 1984, p. 11.
- ^ Aungst, Dave. " Hobby Boss' 1/48 scale MiG-17F Fresco C." HyperScale, 19 August 2010. Retrieved: 15 September 2012.
- ^ a b Crosby 2002, p. 212.
- ^ a b c Goebel, Greg. "The Mikoyan MiG-17." Air Vectors, 1 September 2011. Retrieved: 15 September 2012.
- ^ Toperczer 2001, p. 48.
- ^ Michel 2007, p. 79.
- ^ "The Shootdown of Flight 60528." National Vigilance Park- NSA/CSS via nsa.gov, 15 January 2009. Retrieved: 15 September 2012.
- ^ Toperczer 2001, p. 12.
- ^ Toperczer 2001, pp. 13, 58.
- ^ Anderton 1987, p. 57.
- ^ USAF Historical Study 85: USAF Credits for Destruction of Enemy Aircraft, World War II (PDF)
- ^ Toperczer 2001, pp. 27–29.
- ^ a b Toperczer 2001, pp. 30–31.
- ^ Zampini, Diego. "Víboras Mortales" (Deadly Snakes) (in Spanish). Defensa. Nº 345, January 2007, pp. 58–59.
- ^ a b c Anderton 1987, p. 71.
- ^ Olynyk 1999, p. 55.
- ^ Zampini 2007, p. 59.
- ^ a b Toperczer 2001, p. 31.
- ^ Davies 2003, pp. 87, 88.
- ^ Toperczer 2001, p. 30.
- ^ Toperczer 2001, p. 88.
- ^ Hobson p. 271
- ^ Toperczer (#25) p. 88-90
- ^ Michel 2007, p. 40.
- ^ Hobson p. 62-63
- ^ Toperczer (#25) p. 34
- ^ Michel 2007, pp. 13, 16.
- ^ Toperczer 2001, pp. 85, 86.
- ^ Toperczer 2001, pp. 54, 55.
- ^ Toperczer #25, p. 86
- ^ Toperczer 2001, pp. 88, 89, 90.
- ^ Michel III p. 75, 76
- ^ "Registry: MiG-17" FAA. Retrieved: 15 September 2012.
- ^ Conboy 1989, p. 20.
- ^ "FT-5 Retired by Pakistan". Air International. March 2012, p. 16.
- ^ "Trade Registers". Armstrade.sipri.org. Retrieved 2013-06-20.
- ^ http://www.the-blueprints.com/blueprints-depot-restricted/modernplanes/mikoyan-gurevich-mig/mig_17_fresco-02329.jpg
- ^ Wilson 2000, p. 98.
- ^ Belyakov and Marmain 1994, pp. 175–176.
- ^ Gunston 1995, p. 193.
- ^ "MiG-17 Fresco." Global Security. Retrieved: 15 September 2012.
- Anderton, David A. North American F-100 Super Sabre. Oxford, UK: Osprey Publishing Limited, 1987. ISBN 0-85045-662-2.
- Belyakov, R.A. and J. Marmain. MiG: Fifty Years of Secret Aircraft Design. Shrewsbury, UK: Airlife Publishing, 1994. ISBN 1-85310-488-4.
- Butowski, Piotr (with Jay Miller). OKB MiG: A History of the Design Bureau and its Aircraft. Leicester, UK: Midland Counties Publications, 1991. ISBN 0-904597-80-6.
- Conboy, Kenneth. The War in Cambodia 1970-75(Men-at-Arms series 209). Oxford, UK: Osprey Publishing Ltd, 1989. ISBN 0-85045-851-X.
- Crosby, Francis. Fighter Aircraft. London: Lorenz Books, 2002. ISBN 0-7548-0990-0.
- Davies, Peter E. North American F-100 Super Sabre. Ramsbury, Wiltshire, UK: The Crowood Press, 2003. ISBN 1-86126-577-8.
- Gunston, Bill. The Osprey Encyclopedia of Russian Aircraft 1875–1995. London: Osprey, 1995. ISBN 1-85532-405-9.
- Hobson, Chris. Vietnam Air Losses, United States Air Force, Navy and Marine Corps Fixed-Wing Aircraft Losses in Southeast Asia 1961-1973. Midland Publishing (2001) England. ISBN 1-85780-115-0.
- Koenig, William and Peter Scofield. Soviet Military Power. Greenwich, Connecticut: Bison Books, 1983. ISBN 0-86124-127-4.
- Michel III, Marshall L. Clashes: Air Combat Over North Vietnam 1965-1972. Annapolis, Maryland, USA: Naval Institute Press, 2007, First edition 1997. ISBN 1-59114-519-8.
- Olynyk, Dr. Frank. US Post World War 2 Victory Credits. Self-published, 1999.
- Robinson, Anthony. Soviet Air Power. London: Bison Books, 1985. ISBN 0-86124-180-0.
- Sweetman, Bill. Modern Fighting Aircraft: Volume 9: MiGs. New York: Arco Publishing, 1984. ISBN 978-0-668-06493-4.
- Sweetman, Bill and Bill Gunston. Soviet Air Power: An Illustrated Encyclopedia of the Warsaw Pact Air Forces Today. London: Salamander Books, 1978. ISBN 0-517-24948-0.
- Toperczer, Istvan. MiG-17 and MiG-19 Units of the Vietnam War (Osprey Combat Aircraft: 25). Oxford, UK: Osprey Publishing, 2001. ISBN 1-84176-162-1.
- Wilson, Stewart. Combat Aircraft since 1945. Fyshwick, Australia: Aerospace Publications, 2000. ISBN 1-875671-50-1.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-17. |
Wikisource has several original texts related to: Audio recordings and transcripts with comments of actual Wild Weasel missions flown during the Vietnam War, including air combat with MiG-17s. |
- MiG-17 FRESCO from Global Security.org
- MiG-17 Fresco from Global Aircraft
- MiG-17 Fresco from Danshistory.com
- Cuban MiG-17
- MiG 17: Home of a True Fighter
- Warbird Alley's MiG-17 Page
- Mig Alley USA, Aviation Classics, Ltd Reno, NV
- Lethal Snakes - Russian viewpoint Mig-17 tactics
- Car Blueprint Discussing


text:
RMS Titanic: World's Largest Museum Attraction dedicated to the doomed White Star liner opens in Branson, Missouri!
The new Titanic Museum Attraction in Pigeon Forge, Tenn (Branson, Missouri) opened April 8 – with a star-studded Grand Opening hosted by Regis Philbin (pictured left with the Titanic's museum capatain). The event, which was open to the public, was also attended by descendants and family members of those on board the Titanic and included a christening of the ship. More than 4,000 people toured the Titanic Museum Attraction by the end of its opening day.
You're asking – is this a joke – could there be an RMS Titanic museum in a place called Pigeon Forge, near Branson, Missouri!? Yes, it's true. There it is – the largest Titanic museum in the world – right next to Dolly Parton shrines, Tony Orlando meets the Lennon Sisters, and summer performances of Kathy Rigby starring in "Peter Pan"! And for any Titanic obsessed fan – the museum is worth a visit.
(Left: Museum visitors viewing model of Titanic) The 1912 sinking of the Titanic offers a storyline that would tempt any tourism mogul. But unless you can bankroll a fun-house/motion-master IMAX ride that puts hundreds of visitors in the center of the calamity — and thus far no one has — you're sunk. You could open a museum of artifacts instead, but that presents a problem: most of the ocean liner's contents ended up at the bottom of the North Atlantic.
In the late 1980s, John Whitman of Sidney, Ohio, tried to navigate around this obstacle by opening a Titanic theme park, which combined entertaining distractions with a handful of artifacts. Whitman wanted to build a huge replica of the ship (he owned the original blueprints) and a fake Liverpool wharf through which visitors could wander. But his dreams were premature, and without support from the town, or almost anyone else in Ohio, his attraction folded.
(The exhibits are exceptional and very well presented. This is a room dedicated to passengers – including an original life-vest.)
Then came the movie in 1997, and suddenly the Titanic was a hot property. Two businessmen opened Titanic: Ship of Dreams in a strip mall in Orlando. They sweetened their collection of Titanic stuff with items from Titanic's sister ships, so that you could look at stuff that was nearly identical to the stuff lost on the Titanic. They also significantly upped the "attraction" ante by building a replica of the ship's Grand Staircase, and its bridge, and by populating the museum with actors dressed as the crew.
(Museum entrance, the RMS Titanic re-created and the fateful iceberg.)


text:
You're watching...
New Jersey community devastated by contaminated water
Pompton Lakes residents plea for more to be done to rid lake of poisonous DuPont chemicals
May 14, 2012
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Pompton Lakes residents plea for more to be done to rid lake of poisonous DuPont chemicals
May 14, 2012
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The -- of -- and lakes as one of the prettiest in New Jersey.
But the residents of 450.
Homes here say that they have been contaminated.
By an old DuPont plant.
And now they want them to clean this lake up the ground water and -- town news.
Poisoned with.
What are called volatile organic chemicals the weary residents of pump them lake say pollutants from a DuPont weapons plant has left residents sick and dying and -- unable to -- And they say neither the multi billion dollar company nor the federal government.
Have done enough to help them they cannot sell their homes they cannot get mortgages we have notes from banks saying they've been denied because of the contamination issues here.
Former councilman Ed meet him and -- every GO our residents dedicated to citizens for clean pumpkin lakes.
Or not people with a lot of money that can -- up and leave our homes.
In many cases -- sizzle we have their fight.
With the corporate giant and governmental bureaucracy has brought about some change but they say not nearly enough.
What we need is the EPA to come in and wrote this entire.
Cleanup process into one hole clean out in the statement the Environmental Protection Agency says they are quote.
Strongly committed to cleaning up the site quickly.
Using the best methods available and having DuPont -- every element of this cleanup and quote.
For president say that does little to mitigate their losses -- this is where you live this way -- Your wife passed away passed away from cancer can't -- cancer lung cancer.
Spread throughout the throughout about issue -- put it shouldn't -- that it may.
And she -- -- actually define you follow follow this I can't comment to people's individual situations as far as health concerns from Bob Nelson is -- DuPont spokesman we had people pointing.
That house cancer that has an entirely as -- announcer lost pets doubled my more than just a report.
That is a fact that that's what's happening outside.
The fence -- your plan.
There's a 2011 studies showed it -- It would did it interprets -- -- -- -- a different way and I I can't speak to it but it's it's there strategically located in the valley.
In the event of a catastrophic explosion.
The pump them lakes works is a virtual -- land -- -- slabs of concrete represent the bones of manufacturing plants.
Where for nine.
-- chemicals were dumped.
Offs into the ground into the water.
And so -- now dealing with 25 years later -- the effects of that.
Those chemicals -- Well what happened traditionally back in those times there were cross process is that we now know would not a bad news for nearly a century carcinogens like lead and Mercury -- -- land.
And -- created -- -- underground aquifers that fed the community around it for years to come.
At DuPont claims that they.
Putting systems they've done tests they.
Put in Paper mitigation systems and filters.
-- -- A very interesting that's a band -- than it does safeguard our residents but we're getting readings outside of our homes.
A benzene a meddling Cutler writes even with the system -- So but this is -- pumping station this is where the water is drawn up out of the ground filter advanced and back into the -- That is correct what kind of contaminants which we were talking about TEC and PEC which are too volatile organic compounds that are removed.
There are also some other constituents -- for mediating the -- treat it.
And that part of any go homes to be on three billion gallons -- three billion.
And the last seventeen years went on the new homes that's what slicks contaminated residence again told me that -- Consider -- the pump and dump space in other words.
The word is being drawn out but it's still polluted because into the air and that's not true just -- types of systems are designed to remove.
Contaminated constituents from the water it that is reintroduced into the office first clean water.
-- can say whatever they want but you know what for a hundred years.
Right decades they've made ammunitions for the government we can't get the real answer is maybe you guys can get.
The writing answers.
-- says they have a plan in place to dredge up to 99% of the Mercury in an area they called a delta up pomp and lake.
And that sent it to the EPA for approval.
But gave no timeline on that project.
Affected residents many of whom are elderly say time for them is running out.
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2 Meetup Groups match "Mushrooms" near Durham, NC
Meetup details are available only to members.
In this group the emphasis will be on exploring and studying the landscape. We will observe plant and animal signs, edible and medicinal plants, animal habits, and animal and human tracking. The pace will be slow to moderate. We will study each area, noting wildlife travel lanes, eating habits and dominant plants. We would very much welcome anyone who specializes in any nature based study such as birding, insects, mushrooms, plants, animals, or any other related study. We would also very much li …
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Books | Movies |
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Death Must Go On |
Back in the 1950s in a small Shropshire village, the local economy is grinding to a halt because people just aren't dying off. The undertaker, the doctor, the chemist, the solicitor and the pub landlord contemplate the money that could be made from polishing a few of the old dears off. Then, when it appears that the doctor has murdered one of his patients, they find themselves having to cover up for him, and suddenly able to put their dastardly plans in ...
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Now also available as eBook
Trademark law grants right holders an exclusive right to prevent third parties from using a sign. This can readily be seen as the antithesis of freedom of expression, which arguably includes a right of third parties to non-exclusive use of a sign for a variety of purposes, ranging from informing consumers, to voicing criticism or to artistic expression. Drawing on cultural theory – which has shown that society is involved in a constant struggle about shaping the meaning of signs (including trademarks) – this highly original and provocative book contends that trademark law fails to sufficiently differentiate between commercial purpose and the social, political, or cultural meanings carried by one and the same sign. The author shows that the 'functional approach' to justifying trademark rights taken in current jurisprudence and doctrine is deficient, in that it does not take sufficient account of the fact that trademark rights can restrict the freedom of expression of third parties. Specifically, the exercise of rights granted under the European Trademark Regulation and the national trademark rights harmonized by the European Trademark Directive can cause a disproportionate impairment of the freedom of commercial and non-commercial expression of third parties as protected by Article 10 of the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR). The author's in-depth analysis explores such elements as the following:
o the economic and ethical rationales of trademark rights;
o whether trademark rights under European law can be justified by these rationales;
o how freedom of expression can serve as a limitation to trademark rights;
o what level of protection such freedom of expression grants to third parties;
o the role of trademarks of social, cultural, or political importance in public discourse;
o chilling effects on public discourse that can be caused by the exercise of trademark rights;
o the interpretation of provisions regulating the grant and revocation of trademark rights in light of freedom of expression; and
o the interpretation of the scope of protection and the limitations of trademark rights in light of freedom of expression.
In effect, the analysis serves to expand the focus of legislators, courts, and trademark registering authorities from the interests of trademark right holders, who seemingly are granted ever more protection, to the justified interests of third parties. The critical analysis of existing trademark law leads the author to clearly identify the areas of trademark law in which the law needs to be reinterpreted and the areas in which legislative action should be taken, with recommendations for a number of limitations that should aid legislators in drafting concrete amendments. The new insights and imperatives provided by this book are sure to prove useful to both courts interpreting existing provisions of trademark laws and to legislators who are faced with the challenges of drafting new rules or revising existing laws.
Preface and Acknowledgement List of Abbreviations Chapter 1 Introduction Chapter 2 Trademark Rights and Their Rationales Chapter 3 Freedom of Expression as a Possible Limitation to Trademark Rights Chapter 4 Balancing the Grant and Revocation of Trademark Rights with Freedom of Expression Chapter 5 Balancing the Scope of Trademark Rights with Freedom of Expression Chapter 6 Summary and Recommendations Annex Bibliography Table of Cases Index
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Buried Treasure Show #152 (repeat), Season 7 / Show 4, airing November 29 - December 3, 2012
Mose Allison Eyesight To The Blind Mose Allison Sings...
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The Animals See See Rider Retrospective
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November 20, 2012Special collaboration skateboards will be available in a celebrity auction launching December 3 on eBay, and will be on display through the end of the auction at the...[1] Comments
November 19, 2012Mike Campbells Clubhouse Dinner Raffle to benefit Tazzy Animal Rescue Fund and Rock the Dogs is now under way![6] Comments
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November 15, 2012Petty Fest debuted in Los Angeles last night before a sold out crowd at The El Rey Theatre.[1] Comments
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The Beatles Devil In Her Heart With The Beatles
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November 03, 2012On May 1, 2012 The Heartbreakers' caravan rolled into the relatively cozy confines of Germain Arena in Estero, FL for a gig many in attendance will never forget.[5] Comments
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Sandy. Our hearts go out to everyone there and all our friends, relatives
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November 02, 2012Buried Treasure Show #174 (new), Season 7 / Show 26, airing November 1-5, 2012[2] Comments
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Release Details
LABEL Cacophonous RecordsRELEASED ON 5/1/1995
GENRES Death,Black,Symphonic,Retro Classic
A Black Moon Broods Over Lemuria
So for my 666th review for Metal Review, I thought I'd do something special; something we've mulled over for a while here -- the first of hopefully many retro reviews from the staff here at Metal Review. The point of these reviews is to direct readers to albums from before 2000 and hopefully to introduce some albums that could be considered classic, legendary or even just overlooked. Our goal isn't to rehash how good Morbid Angel's Altars of Madness was or how Entombed's Left Hand Path changed death metal, but to steer you towards hand-picked gems of metal that existed before this fine site directed you towards the best metal around.
First off, a lot of people forget how good Cacophonous Records really was in their early years; they broke Cradle of Filth to the world, released early albums by Dimmu Borgir, Sigh, Gehenna and Root. And while their later releases (Ebony Lake, Scaplock, Twilight Ophera) weren't quite as legendary, the label can look back and say they released some truly landmark albums, the first 3 albums of the UK's Bal-Sagoth included.
Recorded in 1994 and delayed almost a year, Bal-Sagoth's first album, A Black Moon Broods Over Lemuria, changed what "symphonic" meant. Sure, while Emperor and Dimmu Borgir were in the embryonic stages of delivering orchestration, classical music and black metal to the masses, Bal-Sagoth upped the ante for what "epic" was. Though having a death and black metal backbone, they added huge, grandiose, sweeping movie-score-inspired keyboards (that some would say were over the top), in addition to a backdrop of Robert E Howard influences. (Howard was the creator of Conan the Barbarian, from whose work the band got their name.) The mix of gnarly, deep death metal vocals (the first and only time Lord Byron would use them), fevered shrieks, deep spoken words, bombastic blasting, sloe-eyed maidens and wizard-hewing barbarians took black metal out of the cemeteries and Satanic imagery and into a fantastical realm of musical adventure.
Two elements drove Bal-Sagoth, and continued to do so throughout their 6 album "Hexology": vocalist/lyricist Lord Byron and keyboardist Johnnie Maudling. And while the band certainly tempered their swords-and-sorcery element halfway through their discography in favor of a more sci-fi-themed direction, the keyboards of Maudling never left their fantasy-based roots, and they were never as direct, prominent and majestic as on the band's debut. However, Lord Byron was a little less gregarious with his song titles on the debut ("Dreaming Of Atlantean Spires", "Witch-Storm" and "The Ravening", as opposed to "The Dark Liege Of Chaos Is Unleashed At The Ensorcelled Shrine Of A'zura-Kai (The Splendour Of A Thousand Swords Gleaming Beneath The Blazon Of The Hyperborean Empire Part: II)"), and his growls and grunts (as well as the riffs) were never again as brutal as they were on Lemuria. But his lyrics were (and still are) as in depth as any classic high fantasy literature (Tolkien, Jordan, Howard, Moorcock, etc). For example: "Pungent odour of engorged flesh, Vaults of eon-veiled horror, Embraced by delerium, witches' balms anoint me. Veils of frost entwine me in the haze of baleful moon-cursed dreams, I hear the High Ones whispering ancient spells in the long-dead tongues, There is the gleam of blackened steel in the flickering torchlight, and I embrace the balm of sublime forgetfulness... "From "Shadows 'Neath the Black Pyramid".
As became tradition with all subsequent Bal-Sagoth records, the album starts with an intro, "Hatheg-Kla" (apparently a rejected composition from a supposed stage version of Alice in Wonderland), signaling the arrival of something gloriously epic. And you are not let down. Opener "Dreaming of Atlantean Spires" literally changed what I thought could be done with death metal back in 1995. Brutal, blistering yet beautiful, the song was the soundtrack to a fantastical Hyperborean realm of scantily clad witches, massively muscled barbarians, nefarious necromancers and glistening ivory towers. If Conan the Barbarian were to rock out, it was to Bal-Sagoth. The following "Spellcraft & Moonfire (Beyond the Citadel of Frosts)" and the simply awe-inspiring, 10-minute title track further cemented the band's epic delivery, adding even more orchestral refrains to the almost chaotic blast beats. Byron's deep spoken narrative adds even more of a cinematic hue to the fierce music, which may surprise fans who have only heard the bands latter, more polished offerings.
In truth, the whole affair is pretty raw, surprisingly loose and far more rooted in death metal than black metal as the album's middle tracks like "Enthroned in the Temple of the Serpents Kings", the blistering "The Ravening", the lurching "Shadows 'Neath the Black Pyramind" and "Witchstorm" rumble and grumble with a urgent, girthy elegance while most of their Scandinavian peers were reedy thin and lacked bottom end or real production. However, the album returns to the far more epic and moody throes of the first three tracks with standout track "Into The Silent Chambers Of The Sapphirean Throne (Sagas From The Antediluvian Scrolls)", which at 3 or so minutes in is just simply breath taking before the outro "Valley of Silent Paths" brings things to a perfect cinematic close.
What's amazing is that the band's next two albums, Starfire Burning Upon the Ice Veiled Throne of Ultima Thule and my personal favorite Battle Magic actually improved in their epic scope. But at the same time, all subsequent albums reigned in the death metal elements in favor of an even more pompous and over-the-top tone, which many would term as "cheesy", and the band would eventually start to run in place a little.
So if you are one of the folks that has only listened to the likes of The Power Cosmic, Atlantis Ascendant or the more recent The Chthonic Chronicles, dig up this more feral effort from this polarizing but groundbreaking, sword-wielding band, who are still as unique, enjoyable and divisive as they were 15 years ago. Here's hoping another hexology is in the works....


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Tigers, Red Devils fall short on the road
The Princeton Tigers and Hall Red Devils both came up a little short on the road in nonconference boys' basketball play Tuesday.
Rochelle 60, Princeton 53: The difference at Rochelle came in a quick one-minute span in the second quarter.
The Tigers cut the Hubs' double-digit lead to one point with three minutes before the half. The Hubs struck for two three-pointers and a two, the Tigers committed two turnovers and Rochelle was able to stretch its lead to 29-21 at intermission, with PHS' Austen Stewart hitting a three-pointer at the end of the half.
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NP Rank:
Irani Cup Live Score, Mumbai vs Rest of India Day 2 Live Score
Murali Vijay scored a century to help Rest of India put up a formidable total of 330 for five at the end of day's play on the first day of the Irani Tropht 2012-13 against Mumbai on Wednesday.
Click here for Irani Trophy 2013 Mumbai vs Rest of India Day 2 Live Score
Vijay and Shikhar Dhawan (63) put on 144 runs for the first wicket and Mumbai put RoI in to bat.
Mumbai skipper Abhishek Nayar dismissed Vijay after the latter scored 116 off 206 deliveries. His knock was laced with 17 fours and a six. He got to his ton with an upper-cut six and a four to the long-on fence as he knocked on the doors of the selectors.
Rest of India lost left-handed opener Dhawan for 63 to Shardul Thakur (one for 55) after the Delhi batsman dragged a widish delivery onto his stumps. But this was after Dhawan shared a century stand with Vijay at the top of the order.
Day Two will be crucial for Mumbai as they will look to bowl the opposition out for as little as possible and stay in the game.
Brief Scores: Rest of India 330 for 5 (Murali Vijay 116, Shikhar Dhawan 63; Abhishek Nayar 2 for 49) vs Mumbai
Crowd Power
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Posts tagged 'Njeri Wangari'
Mini StoryMoja Hay Festival, Nov. 2 2013 @ National Museum
Date: November 2, 2013
Venue: National Museum of Kenya
Time: from 11 am
Entry: Kshs 1000 (Storymoja Hay Festival Season Tickets are Valid)
Kofi Awoonor Tribute Lecture
11.00am – 12.15pm| Louis leakey Auditorium
Founding editor of Kwani?, Caine Prize Winner and author of 'One Day I Will Write About This Place', Binyavanga Wainaina honours the late great Ghanaian Writer, Kofi Awoonor.
In Partnership with Kwani Trust
Community Policing and Online Activism: Am I My Brother's Keeper?
11.00am – 12.15pm|Ampitheatre
Kenya: We are one… or are we? Join this engaging discussion on communities' reactions and its effects on cohesion, segregation and shaping identity. How much have you done or given to secure the welfare of your community?
In Partnership with UP Magazine
Blogging In Kenya
12.45- 2.30pm|Louis Leakey Auditorium
Join David Mugo (BAKE Kenyan Blog of the Year: niaje.com), Njeri Wangari (POWO and kenyanpoet.com),Jackson Biko (BAKE Creative Writing Winner: bikozulu.co.ke) and Emmie Kio (Tracking The Agricultural Scent: http://emmiekio.blogspot.com) as they talk to Robert Kunga of the Bloggers' Association of Kenya about their passions online and off.
In partnership with the Bloggers Association of Kenya
Real Life Events Inspire Fiction
12.45pm -2.00pm| Ampitheatre
Authors Kinyanjui Kombani (The Last Villains of Molo) and Richard Crompton (The Honey Guide) both set their novels against a backdrop of real life events – the Molo tribal clashes of 1992 and the electoral violence of 2007.
What are the issues and ethics of incorporating real-life events into fiction? How does reality work in a narrative context? And does there need to be a certain distance, in time or space, between the events described and the decision to create a work of fiction about them? Can novelists tell a greater truth about real events than journalists or historians are capable of? Or are they exploiting human tragedy for the sake of entertainment?
Disrupting Sanitised History: The ICC Witness Project
2.30pm – 3.45pm | Louis Leakey Auditorium
Powerful readings from 'Their Justice Shall Be Our Justice: A Dialogue on the ICC Witness Project', which originally appeared in The New Inquiry. The ICC Witness Project is a collaboration between Kenyan poets to imagine and amplify the voices of some of the missing witnesses for the ICC trial, to make sure the victims and survivors of the post-election violence that rocked Kenya in 2008 are not forgotten.
Mshai Mwangola with thanks to the New Inquiry
Drumbeats on Mobile
2:30pm – 3:45pm | Amphitheatre
Following the steamy launch of the Drumbeats Romance series at the Storymoja Hay Festival, where sexologist Getrude Mungai unveiled the secret territory before the point of no return… we invite you to join this second installation of Drumbeats on Mobile. Light the flame of East African love, and download Drumbeat stories on your mobile phone.
Art and Activism
4:15pm – 5:30pm | Louis Leakey Auditorium
Patrick Gathara is one of Kenya's bravest cartoonists, whose blog is a must read – gathara.blogspot.com. He is joined by Kenyan performance scholar and renowned storyteller, Mshai Mwangola who is also the former chairperson of the Governing Council of the Kenya Cultural Centre in a discussion on transforming society through art.
2013/2014 Fire by Ten touring show
4:15pm – 5:30pm |Amphitheatre¬
The Th¬eatre Company's exciting theatrical show is based on the thrills, temptations, desires and fears of Kenyan Athletes 'Kimbia' is a strong inter-disciplinary production that combines theatre, music, dance, and multimedia. Join Cajetan Boy, Joseph Murungu, Edward Nthiga, Joseph Gichinga and Ogutu Muraya- ¬The Th¬eatre Company's Performance Lab


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I give up. I have been trying to buy Chiffon scarves online and only found one outlet. I know it is difficult to get them near me. I am not sure if they still sell them in Cardiff Market. That is a long way to go, but needs must. Will have to keep on looking they are there I know. There are lots of search results but not for the product I want.
I wanted them to add on a background for my Lamppost pieces. I had one but now I need another two.
My mother used to wear them in the old days. She used to put one over her hat to keep it on when it was a windy day. I can remember hairdressers using them to keep your curlers in when you had a perm. Oh grief! What an image that has dredged up. Me in curlers!!
There are lots of uses for a chiffon scarf. You can layer them and produce colour changes, trap pieces of threads and materials underneath and embroidery on top to produce interesting surfaces. You can also melt and burn them to produce crunchy textures. I wanted a few black ones to layer to create a shadowy effect for my lamppost. I am sure there are lots more effects one can create too.
When I started using them in my embroidery projects you could pick them up very reasonably in charity shops but it has been a long time since I have seen them about.
I think I will phone Ghee she might have some in her stash of stuff.


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Naev is a 2D space trading and combat game, in a similar vein as Escape Velocity. Naev is played from a top-down perspective, featuring fast-paced combat, many ships, a large variety of equipment, and a large galaxy to explore. The game is highly open-ended, letting you proceed at your own pace.
LambdaRogue is a rogue-like role playing game set in a strange underworld. Men and the species of Drekh'nar once lived peacefully together on Earth, both not far away from reaching the stars with spaceships. A misunderstanding led to war before these dreams could be realized. After a long and bloody battle, a peace treaty was created, forcing mankind to go underground. Mankind has lost the most of its technological knowledge, but Ahna, a priestess, is searching for the Book of Stars, which could bring humans back to the surface and beyond. And you are Ahna's agent.
php mudnames is a PHP class that can generate random names for characters used in role playing games such as multi-user dungeon (MUD) games. Although the names do not mean anything, they sound very much like typical names of characters that you often see in this kind of game. It can retrieve text data from one of several dictionary files. The dictionary data is used to generate random names based on selected capabilities and used particles.
PARPG is a post-nuclear role playing game. It is inspired in multiple ways by the classics of the golden age of isometric RPGs: first and foremost Fallout (for setting), but also Arcanum (for quality of graphics), as well as Planescape: Torment (for quality of written dialogue). It puts heavy emphasis on choice and consequence, based on the statistics of the character you play, while minimizing the importance of the player's reflexes. Therefore, combat is not fought in real-time but in a turn-based mode. Instead of full 3D flexibility, the game focuses mainly on using high quality isometric 2D graphics. This puts fewer demands on target platforms and also simplifies game development.
A GUI application which converts multiple file formats to different extensions.


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In our last trip to Bali we decided to spend a bit more money than usual. So we booked this a family villa in Mimosa Jimbaran. As the car went inside to the parking place, my husband seemed pretty surprise. It looks like nobody stay there. The garden seems abandoned and dry although later we saw some people work on... More
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Hotel Class:3.5 star — Mimosa Jimbaran Bali Villa 3.5*
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External branding starts with developing a consistent, internal message first. When you think of branding and positioning, remember that your first line of offense and the most important representation of your company comes from your employees. Make sure you have a succinct, crisp and clear 2-3 sentence pitch on what you do and that everyone […]
Camping out and closing deals
Jan 15, 2013
in Entrepreneurship
I am sure you can see a common thread in many of my recent posts – Sales, Sales, Sales! I don't care how great your product is because without an ability to articulate the value proposition succinctly, tell the world about it in a capital efficient manner, and sell the damn thing, you are SOL […]
Cutco Knives and startups
Sep 28, 2012
in Entrepreneurship
When I worked for Cutco Knives one summer in college selling the world's finest cutlery, my dream was to sell the Homemaker +8 at every meeting. It was the Rolls Royce of knife sets and in every sales call I had, I always tried to flog the deluxe set. Of course, more often than not, I left […]
Startups and Intellectual Property (IP)
May 16, 2012
in Entrepreneurship, Venture Capital
Lately questions about Intellectual Property or IP have been cropping up left and right. Eliot Durbin (my partner at BOLDstart Ventures) and I had a long discussion this morning in preparation for his panel today about IP and patents. Last week, we met with a company and when we asked about their core IP, they […]
What entrepreneurs can learn from Jeff Spicoli
Jan 25, 2012
in Entrepreneurship
I know I may be dating myself here, but over the past few weeks I couldn't help but think about the movie Fast Times at Ridgemont High and one of the standout characters, Jeff Spicoli. When asked by Mr. Hand, his teacher, why he keeps coming late and wasting his time, Spicoli answers, "I don't […]
Never give up but move on quickly
Oct 21, 2011
in Uncategorized
As a young kid, I was always taught the valuable lesson of never giving up or quitting. No matter how many times you get knocked down, you have to stand up and keep moving. That is the same trait that I also admire in many of the entrepreneurs that I have funded over the years. […]
Startups getting caught in No Man's Land
Sep 29, 2011
in Entrepreneurship, Venture Capital
"No Man's Land" is traditionally known as the area between two trenches. This is a reference to World War I and the vicious trench warfare and hand-to-hand combat that characterized that war. In "No Man's Land" lay a wasteland of dead bodies and other debris and shrapnel. Increasingly I am seeing many startups who were ably […]
The New York Startup Market Rocks and is REAL
Apr 15, 2011
in Entrepreneurship, Venture Capital
OK, I may be biased having been an early stage VC based out of New York since 1996, but I must say that the vibe, energy, and people at the Techstars NYC Demo Day event yesterday was simply awesome. Dave Tisch and team simply did a fantastic job guiding the startups, recruiting the mentors, and […]
Reflecting on passed investments
Apr 5, 2011
in Entrepreneurship, Venture Capital
Every 3 months I dig through my "passed company" folder to look at what investment opportunities we passed on and why. Inevitably, there are a few companies that are near-misses, but we end up passing on for whatever reason. Did we pass because we didn't think the team was great or because we didn't believe […]
Know When to Hold 'em, Know When to Fold 'em
Feb 14, 2011
in Entrepreneurship, Venture Capital
I had a tough call with an entrepreneur this morning. His company raised a fair amount of seed financing but did not hit the milestones it needed to in order to raise a real round of venture capital. The product is nice but they took too long iterating and releasing a subsequent version while the […]
Ed Sim is founder of BOLDstart Ventures and co-founder of Dawntreader Ventures. Mr. Sim has over 15 years of venture capital experience having led seed and first round investments in a number of high profile Internet and software companies.
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text:
A high-school teen learns that he is the son of Poseidon--and stands accused of stealing Zeus' lightning bolt--in this action-fantasy.
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