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Cult of personality
A cult of personality arises when an individual uses mass media, propaganda, or other methods, to create an idealized, heroic, and at times, god-like public image, often through unquestioning flattery and praise. Sociologist Max Weber developed a tripartite classification of authority; the cult of personality holds parallels with what Weber defined as "charismatic authority". A cult of personality is similar to hero worship, except that it is established by mass media and propaganda.
The term "cult of personality" probably appeared in English around 1800–1850, along with the French and German usage.[1] At first it had no political connotations but was instead closely related to the Romantic "cult of genius".[1] The political use of the phrase came first in 1877:[1]
Neither of us cares a straw of popularity. Let me cite one proof of this: such was my aversion to the personality cult [orig. Personenkultus] that at the time of the International, when plagued by numerous moves [...] to accord me public honor, I never allowed one of these to enter the domain of publicity [...]
—Karl Marx, A letter to German political worker, Wilhelm Blos, 10 November 1877[1][2]
The terms "cult of personality" and "personality cult" were popularized by Khrushchev's Secret Speech of 1956. Robert Service notes that a more accurate translation of the Russian "культ личности" ("kul't lichnosti") is the "cult of the individual".[3]
Throughout history, monarchs and other heads of state were almost always held in enormous reverence. Through the principle of the divine right of kings, for example, rulers were said to hold office by the will of God. Ancient Egypt, Japan, the Inca, the Aztecs, Tibet, Siam (now Thailand), and the Roman Empire are especially noted for redefining monarchs as "god-kings".
The spread of democratic and secular ideas in Europe and North America in the 18th and 19th centuries made it increasingly difficult for monarchs to preserve this aura.[citation needed] However, the subsequent development of photography, sound recording, film, and mass production, as well as public education and techniques used in commercial advertising, enabled political leaders to project a positive image like never before. It was from these circumstances in the 20th century that the best-known personality cults arose. Often these cults are a form of political religion.
Personality cults were first described in relation to totalitarian regimes that sought to alter or transform society according to radical ideas.[4] Often, a single leader became associated with this revolutionary transformation, and came to be treated as a benevolent "guide" for the nation without whom the transformation to a better future couldn't occur. This has been generally the justification for personality cults that arose in totalitarian societies of the 20th century, such as those of Adolf Hitler, Benito Mussolini and Joseph Stalin.
Not all dictatorships foster personality cults, not all personality cults are practised in dictatorships (some exist in a few nominally democratic countries), and some leaders may actively seek to minimize their own public adulation. For example, during the Cambodian Khmer Rouge regime, images of dictator Pol Pot (Saloth Sar) were rarely seen in public, and his identity was under dispute abroad until after his fall from power. The same applied to numerous Eastern European communist regimes following World War II (although not those of Enver Hoxha and Nicolae Ceaușescu, mentioned below).
Juan Perón, elected three times as President of Argentina, and his second wife, Eva Duarte de Perón, were immensely popular among many of the Argentine people, and to this day they are still considered icons by the Peronist Party. The Peróns' followers praised their efforts to eliminate poverty and to dignify labor, while their detractors considered them demagogues and dictators. To achieve their political goals, the Peronists had to unite around the head of state. As a result, a personality cult developed around both Perón and his wife.[5]
Heydar Aliyev's cult of personality became a significant part of Azerbaijani politics and society after Heydar Aliyev came to power in 1993 and continuing after his death in 2003, when his son Ilham Aliyev succeeded him.[6][7] Aliyev, a former Soviet politburo member and the leader of Soviet Azerbaijan from 1969 to 1987, became the President of Azerbaijan in 1993. He then began to carefully design an autocratic system, with heavy reliance on family and clan members, oil revenues and patronage.[8]
In Azerbaijan, Heydar Aliyev is presented as "Father of the Azeri nation",[9] often compared to Mustafa Kemal Atatürk.[10]
A personality cult in the Republic of China was centered on the Kuomintang party founder Sun Yat-sen, and his successor, Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek. The personality cult of Chiang Kai-shek went further after the republican government fled to Taiwan. He was usually referred to as "Lord Chiang" (蔣公) in public and a Nuo tai was required in printed materials. Articles in textbooks and songs glorifying him were commonly seen in Taiwan before 1987.
The People's Republic of China under Mao Zedong can also be considered a cult of personality. The culture of the People's Republic of China before 1981 was highly influenced by the personality cult of Mao Zedong which reached its peak during the Cultural Revolution. Mao was referred to as "the great leader Chairman Mao" (伟大领袖毛主席) in public and was entitled "the great leader, the great supreme commander, the great teacher and the great helmsman" (伟大的领袖、伟大的统帅、伟大的导师、伟大的舵手) in Cultural Revolution.[11] Badges and books of his quotations were mass-produced. Most people were required to recite the Quotations of Chairman Mao and printed material at that time usually quoted Mao's words in bold as well as in the preface. The Loyalty dance (忠字舞) was also introduced during the Cultural Revolution which lasted from 1966 to 1976.
The cult of personality continued for a short time after Mao's death. His successor, Hua Guofeng also practiced the cult of personality and was referred to as "the brilliant leader Chairman Hua" (英明领袖华主席). Reforms in 1981 led to a deconstruction of his cult status and the Chinese Communist Party is today averse to a cult of personality style of rule lest it recreates the chaos of the Cultural Revolution.
French Indochina[edit]
Cambodian schoolchildren in French Indochina at one point in the early 1940s began their school-day with prayers to Marshal Philippe Pétain, opening with the words, "Our father, which art our Leader, glorious be thy name... deliver us from evil".[12]
Daisaku Ikeda, president of Soka Gakkai's international offshoot Soka Gakkai International, has been the frequent targets of criticism for fostering a cult of personality centered around himself.[13][14][15][16] [17][18][19][20]
A cult of personality devoted to Muammar Gaddafi existed in Libya during his rule.[21] His face appeared on a wide variety of items, including postage stamps, watches, and school satchels. Quotations from The Green Book appeared on a wide variety of places, from street walls to airports and even on pens, and were put to pop music for public release. Gaddafi claimed that he disliked this personality cult, but that he tolerated it because Libya's people adored him.[21] Biographers Blundy and Lycett believed that he was "a populist at heart".[21] Throughout Libya, crowds of supporters would turn up to public events at which he appeared; described as "spontaneous demonstrations" by the government, there are recorded instances of groups being coerced or paid to attend.[22] He was typically late to public events, and would sometimes not show up at all.[23] Although Bianco thought that he had a "gift for oratory",[24] he was considered a poor orator by biographers Blundy and Lycett.[25] Biographer Daniel Kawczynski noted that Gaddafi was famed for his "lengthy, wandering" speeches,[26] which typically involved criticising Israel and the U.S.[23]
North Korea[edit]
Journalist Bradley Martin documented the personality cults of North Korea's father-son leadership, "Great Leader" Kim Il-sung and "Dear Leader" Kim Jong-il.[27] While visiting North Korea in 1979 he noted that nearly all music, art, and sculpture that he observed glorified "Great Leader" Kim Il-sung, whose personality cult was then being extended to his son, "Dear Leader" Kim Jong-il.[27] Kim Il-sung rejected the notion that he had created a cult around himself and accused those who suggested so of "factionalism".[27] A US religious freedom investigation confirmed Martin's observation that North Korean schoolchildren learn to thank Kim Il-sung for all blessings as part of the cult.[28] Evidence of the cult of Kim Il-sung continues into the 21st century (despite his death in 1994) with the erection of Yeong Saeng ("eternal life") monuments throughout the country, each dedicated to the departed "Great Leader", at which citizens are expected to pay annual tribute on his birthday or on the anniversary of his death.[29] Recently, the personality cult in North Korea has been expanded to include the son of Kim Jong-il, Kim Jong-un.
In the Philippines, many local politicians engage in some sort of cult of personality. They are often branded as "epal politicians" by the media with "epal" meaning attention-grabber in Filipino slang. They put their image and their names on billboards of government projects. They also print taurpalins, usually with their image to establish a sense of connection with their constituents.[30][31][32] The Senate Bill No. 1967 or Anti-Signage of Public Works Act, colloquially known as the anti-epal bill, was filed by Senator Miriam Santiago on November 2011, and refiled again in July 2013 in an effort to stop the practice.[33]
Light Rail Transit Authority tickets also bore Former President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo's image until June 2010, when it was replaced with a new ticket.[34]
The popularity of Ferdinand Marcos and his wife Imelda Marcos are sometimes described as "cults of personality".
A cult of personality in Poland has developed around the figure of Józef Piłsudski, a Polish military commander and politician, starting from the interwar period and continuing after his death in 1935 until the present day. During the interwar period, Piłsudski's cult was propagated by the state media, describing him as a masterful strategist and a political visionary, and associating him with his role in regaining Polish independence in the aftermath of World War I, and his leadership in the ensuing Polish–Soviet War. It has survived decades of repression, particularly during the era of communist Poland.
In modern Poland, Piłsudski is recognized as an important and largely positive figure in Polish history. Polish Independence Day is commemorated on November 11, the date when Piłsudski assumed power in Poland after the First World War.
During the Cold War, Romanian dictator Nicolae Ceaușescu presided over the most pervasive cult of personality within the Eastern Bloc. Inspired by the personality cult surrounding Kim Il-sung in North Korea, it started with the 1971 July Theses which reversed the liberalization of the 1960s and imposed a strict nationalist ideology. Initially, the cult of personality was only focused on Ceaușescu himself; however, by the early 1980s, his wife Elena was also a focus of the cult even to the extent that she got credit for scientific achievements which she could never have accomplished. It remained in force until the overthrow of the regime in 1989.
Soviet Union[edit]
Nikita Khrushchev recalled Marx's criticism in his 1956 "Secret Speech" denouncing Joseph Stalin and his cult of personality to the 20th Party Congress:[35]
Comrades, the cult of the individual acquired such monstrous size chiefly because Stalin himself, using all conceivable methods, supported the glorification of his own person.... One of the most characteristic examples of Stalin's self-glorification and of his lack of even elementary modesty is the edition of his Short Biography, which was published in 1948.
This book is an expression of the most dissolute flattery, an example of making a man into a godhead, of transforming him into an infallible sage, "the greatest leader", "sublime strategist of all times and nations". Finally no other words could be found with which to lift Stalin up to the heavens.
We need not give here examples of the loathsome adulation filling this book. All we need to add is that they all were approved and edited by Stalin personally and some of them were added in his own handwriting to the draft text of the book.[35]
Some authors (e.g., Alexander Zinovyev) have argued that Leonid Brezhnev's rule was also characterized by a cult of personality, though unlike Stalin, Brezhnev did not initiate large-scale persecutions in the country. One of the aspects of Leonid Brezhnev's cult of personality was Brezhnev's obsession with titles, rewards and decorations, leading to his inflated decoration with medals, orders and so on.[36] This was often ridiculed by the ordinary people and led to the creation of many political jokes.
As one of his strategies to maintain power over Syria, Hafez al-Assad developed a state-sponsored cult of personality.[37] Portraits of him, often depicting him engaging in heroic activities, were placed in every public space. He named myriad numbers of places and institutions in Syria after himself, and other members of his family. At school, children were taught to sing songs of adulation about Hafez al-Assad. Teachers would begin each lesson with the song "Our eternal leader, Hafez al-Assad". In some cases, he portrayed himself with apparently divine properties. Sculptures and portraits depicted him alongside the prophet Mohammad, while, following her death, the government produced portraits of Assad's mother surrounded by a halo. Syrian officials were made to refer to him as the 'Sanctified one' (al-Muqaddas).[38] The personality cult that he developed portrayed him as a wise, modest and just leader of the country. This strategy of creating a cult of personality was pursued further by Hafez's son and then-president, Bashar al-Assad.[39]
In a 2004 article on personality cults, The Economist identified Togo's Gnassingbé Eyadéma as maintaining an extensive personality cult, to the point of having schoolchildren begin their day by singing his praises.[40]
In Turkey, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk is commemorated by many memorials throughout the country, such as the Atatürk International Airport in Istanbul, the Atatürk Bridge over the Golden Horn (Haliç), the Atatürk Dam, and Atatürk Stadium. Atatürk statues have been erected in all Turkish cities by Turkish Government, and most towns have their own memorial to him. His face and name are seen and heard everywhere in Turkey; his portrait can be seen in all public buildings, in all schools and classrooms, on all school textbooks, on all Turkish lira banknotes, and in the homes of many Turkish families.[41] At the exact time of his death, on every 10 November, at 09:05 am, most vehicles and people in the country's streets pause for one minute in remembrance.[42] In 1951, the Turkish Parliament issued a law (5816) outlawing insults to his reminiscence (Turkish: Hatırası) or destruction of objects representing him, which is still in force.[43] A government website[44] was created to denounce the websites that violate this law, and the Turkish government as of 2011 has filters in place to block websites deemed to contain materials insulting to his memory.
The start of Atatürk's cult of personality is placed in the 1920s when the first statues started being built.[45] The idea of Atatürk as the "father of the Turks" is ingrained in Turkish politics and politicians in that country are evaluated in relation to his cult of personality.[46] The persistence of the phenomenon of Atatürk's personality cult has become an area of deep interest to scholars.[47]
Atatürk impersonators are also used in modern times in Turkey to keep alive what is called the "world's longest-running personality cult".[48]
Saparmurat Niyazov, who was President of Turkmenistan from 1985 to 2006,[49] is another oft-cited cultivator of a cult of personality.[50][51][52] Niyazov simultaneously cut funding to and partially disassembled the education system in the name of "reform", while injecting ideological indoctrination into it by requiring all schools to take his own book, the Ruhnama, as its primary text, and like Kim Il-sung, there is even a creation myth surrounding him.[51][53] During Niyazov's presidency there was no freedom of the press nor was there freedom of speech. This further meant that opposition to Niyazov was strictly forbidden and major opposition figures have been imprisoned, institutionalized, deported, or have fled the country, and their family members are routinely harassed by the authorities.[50] Additionally, a silhouette of Niyazov was used as a logo on television broadcasts[54] and statues and pictures of him were "erected everywhere".[55] For these, and other reasons, the US Government said that by the time he died, "Niyazov's personality cult...had reached the dimensions of a state-imposed religion."[56]
Human Rights Watch, in its World Report 2012, says there is a cult of personality of President Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow and that it is strengthening.[57] Agence France-Presse reports a developing personality cult.[58] Reporters Without Borders says the president is promoting a cult of personality of himself and that his portraits have taken the place of the ones of the previous president.[59]
The Vietnamese communist regime has continually maintained a personality cult around Ho Chi Minh since the 1950s in the North, and it was later extended to the South after the reunification, which it sees as a crucial part of its propaganda campaign surrounding Ho and the Party's past. Ho Chi Minh is frequently glorified in schools by schoolchildren. Opinions, publications and broadcasts that are critical of Ho Chi Minh or that identify his flaws are banned in Vietnam, with the commentators arrested or fined for "opposing the people's revolution". Ho Chi Minh is even glorified to a religious status as an "immortal saint" by the Vietnamese Communist Party, and some people "worship the President", according to a BBC report.[60]
The former capital of South Vietnam, Saigon, was officially renamed Ho Chi Minh City on 1 May 1975 shortly after its capture which officially ended the Vietnam War.[60]
Mobutu Sésé Seko used his cult of personality to create a god-like public image of himself in what is today the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Mobutu created a centralized state, amassed massive wealth for himself and presided over the economic deterioration of his country and human rights abuses.[citation needed]
He used mass media communications to entrench his rule.[61] He was supported by the United States.[citation needed]
Mobutu embarked on a campaign of pro-African cultural awareness and in 1972 he formally changed his name to Mobutu Sese Seko Nkuku Ngbendu Wa Za Banga ("The all-powerful warrior who, because of his endurance and inflexible will to win, goes from conquest to conquest, leaving fire in his wake.")[62]
See also[edit]
- Charismatic authority
- Celebrity
- Dictatorship
- Imperial cult (in the Roman Empire)
- Imperial Presidency
- Narcissism
- Narcissistic leadership
- Toxic leader
- Notes
- ^ a b c d Heller, Klaus (2004). Personality Cults in Stalinism. pp. 23–33. ISBN 9783899711912.
- ^ Blos, Wilhelm. "Brief von Karl Marx an Wilhelm Blos". Denkwürdigkeiten eines Sozialdemokraten. Retrieved 22 February 2013.
- ^ Service, Robert. Stalin: A Biography. p. 362. ISBN 9780674022584.
- ^ Kreis, Steven Kreis "Stalin and the Cult of Personality" Retrieved April 06, 2010
- ^ Politics and Education in Argentina, 1946-1962, by Mónica Esti Rein; trans by Martha Grenzeback. Published by M. E. Sharpe, Armonk, NY/London, 1998, p. 79-80.
- ^ "Heidar Aliev, maestro of the Caucasus". The Economist. August 31, 2000. Retrieved September 24, 2012.
- ^ Kucera, Joshua (May 20, 2008). "Travels in the Former Soviet Union. Entry 2: The Cult of Heydar Aliyev". Slate. Retrieved September 23, 2012.
- ^ "Azerbaijan: Turning Over a New Leaf?". Baku/Brussels: International Crisis Group. April 13, 2004. Retrieved September 30, 2012.
- ^ Day, Alan J.; East, Roger; Thomas, Richard, eds. (2002). "Aliyev, Heydar". A political and economic dictionary of Eastern Europe (1st ed.). London: Europa Publications. p. 16. ISBN 1-85743-063-8.
- ^ Boland, Vincent (June 4, 2005). "Azerbaijan looks to Turkey as model for cult of dead leader". The Financial Times. Retrieved September 24, 2012.
- ^ Li, Gucheng; Gucheng Li (1995). A glossary of political terms of the People's Republic of China. p. 639. ISBN 9789622016156. Retrieved 2012-08-01.
- ^ Short, Philip. Pol Pot: Anatomy of a Nightmare. New York: Henry Holt and Company. 2005.
- ^ Bluck, Robert (2008). British Buddhism Teachings, Practice and Development. Routledge. pp. 98–99. ISBN 978-0415483087.
- ^ Befu, edited by Harumi; Guichard-Anguis, Sylvie (2003). Globalizing Japan : ethnography of the Japanese presence in Asia, Europe, and America (1. publ. ed.). London: Routledge. pp. 104–105. ISBN 978-0415285667.
- ^ Prohl, edited by Inken; Nelson, John (2012). Handbook of contemporary Japanese religions. Leiden: Brill. pp. 300–302. ISBN 978-9004234352.
- ^ "Komeito: Searching for Party Reconstruction". Japan Quarterly (Asahi Shimbun-Sha) 28 (2): 155. January-March 1981.
- ^ Harding, edited by John S.; Hori, Victor Sōgen; Soucy, Alexander (2010). Wild geese : Buddhism in Canada. Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press. p. 93. ISBN 978-0773536678.
- ^ Petersen, edited by James R. Lewis, Jesper Aagaard (2004). Controversial new religions ([Reprint.] ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 149. ISBN 978-0195156836.
- ^ Métraux, Daniel A. (1994). The Soka Gakkai revolution. Lanham, Md.: University Press of America. p. 58. ISBN 978-0819197337.
- ^ Jones, Ken (2003). The new social face of Buddhism : an alternative sociopolitical perspective. Boston, MA: Wisdom Publications. pp. 197–198. ISBN 978-0861713653.
- ^ a b c Blundy & Lycett 1987, p. 20.
- ^ Blundy & Lycett 1987, p. 16.
- ^ a b Blundy & Lycett 1987, p. 17.
- ^ Bianco 1975, p. 7.
- ^ Blundy & Lycett 1987, p. 18.
- ^ Kawczynski 2011, p. 191.
- ^ a b c Bradley K. Martin. Under the Loving Care of the Fatherly Leader: North Korea and the Kim Dynasty. ISBN 0-312-32322-0
- ^ "Thank You Father Kim-Il-Sung" (PDF). Retrieved 2007-12-09.
- ^ "Controversy Stirs Over Kim Monument at PUST". DailyNK. Retrieved 2010-04-24.
- ^ grabberhttp://www.philstar.com/headlines/763279/bishop-wants-anti-epal-bill-cover-politicians-holiday-greetings
- ^ "Luistro has no problem with 'epal' politicians | National". Journal.com.ph. 2013-09-01. Retrieved 2013-09-17.
- ^ By VERA Files (2013-01-22). "Posters of 'epal' politicians ordered removed | The Inbox - Yahoo! News Philippines". Ph.news.yahoo.com. Retrieved 2013-09-17.
- ^ "'Anti-epal' bill: No more self-praise on posters - Yahoo! News Philippines". Ph.news.yahoo.com. 2011-11-08. Retrieved 2013-09-17.
- ^ "LRT tickets with Arroyo face gone soon | Inquirer News". Newsinfo.inquirer.net. 2012-02-06. Retrieved 2013-09-17.
- ^ a b "The Cult of the Individual". London. Retrieved 2012-09-02.
- ^ See e.g. http://oldgazette.ru/kopravda/21021978/01-1.html. The list of Brezhnev's decorations is available in Russian Wikipedia: http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Список_наград_Брежнева
- ^ Personenkulte Im Stalinismus By Klaus Heller, Jan Plamper, V&R unipress GmbH, 2004
- ^ Syria Beyond the Peace Process, By Daniel Pipes, (NY 1995) page 15-16
- ^ Commanding Syria: Bashar Al-Assad And the First Years in Power (B.Tauris, 2007), By Eyal Zisser, page 50
- ^ "Toughs at the top". The Economist. December 16, 2004.
- ^ Navaro-Yashin, Yael (2002). Faces of the State: Secularism and Public Life in Turkey. Princeton University Press. pp. 196–99. ISBN 0-691-08845-4.
- ^ Morrison, Terry; Conaway, Wayne A. (1994). Kiss, Bow, Or Shake Hands: How to Do Business in Sixty Countries. Adams Media. p. 392. ISBN 1-55850-444-3.
- ^ Yonah, Alexander (2007). Turkey: Terrorism, Civil Rights, and the European Union. Routledge. p. 137. ISBN 0-415-44163-3.
- ^ "İhbar Web". İhbar Web. Retrieved 2013-09-17.
- ^ Touraj Atabaki; Erik J. Zurcher (1 September 2004). Men of Order: Authoritarian Modernization Under Atatürk and Reza Shah. I.B.Tauris. p. 4. ISBN 978-1-86064-426-9. Retrieved 21 June 2013. "...and in Ataturk's case the cult of personality began early with ..."
- ^ M. Hakan Yavuz (19 February 2009). Secularism and Muslim Democracy in Turkey. Cambridge University Press. p. 120. ISBN 978-0-521-88878-3. Retrieved 21 June 2013. "In other works there is a deeply internalized notion of Ataturk as the "father" of the Turks, and all politicians are very much measured against his cult of personality."
- ^ Carter V. Findley (2010). Turkey, Islam, Nationalism, and Modernity: A History, 1789-2007. Yale University Press. pp. 467–. ISBN 978-0-300-15260-9. Retrieved 21 June 2013.
- ^ Alexander Christie-Miller (April 20, 2013). "Lookalike keeps alive the cult of Ataturk". The Times of London.
- ^ "Bizarre, brutal and self-obsessed. Now time's up for Turkmenistan's dictator". The Guardian. December 22, 2006.
- ^ a b "Turkmenistan". Country Reports on Human Rights Practices. U.S. State Department. March 4, 2002.
- ^ a b International Crisis Group. July 2003. Central Asia: Islam and the State. ICG Asia Report No. 59. Available on-line at http://www.crisisgroup.org/
- ^ Shikhmuradov, Boris. May 2002. Security and Conflict in Central Asia and the Caspian Region. International Security Program, Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs, Harvard University. Available on-line at http://www.ciaonet.org/
- ^ Soucek, Svat. 2000. A History of Inner Asia. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- ^ "Turkmenistan: The Personality Cult Lives On, Residents Take It In Stride". Eurasianet. July 10, 2007.
- ^ "Obituary: Saparmurat Niyazov". BBC. December 2006.
- ^ "Turkmenistan: Ending the Personality Cult" (Press release). U.S. Commission on International Religious Freedom. January 3, 2007.
- ^ "World Report 2012: Turkmenistan". World Report 2012. Human Rights Watch. Retrieved 2012-07-24.
- ^ "Turkmenistan president 'sings own birthday song'". Google News. Agence France-Presse. 2011-07-03. Retrieved 2012-07-24.
- ^ "Gurbanguly Berdymukhamedov, President, Turkmenistan". Reporters Without Borders. Retrieved 2012-07-24.
- ^ a b Marsh, Viv (6 June 2012). "Uncle Ho's legacy lives on in Vietnam". BBC News. Retrieved 2 December 2012.
- ^ "Mobutu Sese Seko". The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia. Columbia University Press. 2012. Retrieved 30 April 2013.
- ^ There are multiple translations of the full name, including "the all-powerful warrior who, because of his endurance and inflexible will to win, will go from conquest to conquest leaving fire in his wake", "the earthy, the peppery, all-powerful warrior who, by his endurance and will to win, goes from contest to contest leaving fire in his wake" and "the man who flies from victory to victory and leaves nothing behind him"<http://www.plexoft.com/SBF/N04.html#Sese> and "the all-powerful warrior who goes from conquest to conquest, leaving fire in his wake" (Wrong, p. 4)
This article needs additional citations for verification. (April 2012) |
External links[edit]
- Why Dictators Love Kitsch by Eric Gibson, The Wall Street Journal, August 10, 2009


text:
Monitoring Mary Mack
Representative Mary Bono Mack (R-California) has been a thorn in my side for years. An RMSP 'moderate', she's been shifting left ever since she took the seat vacated by the late Sonny Bono, her first husband. But now that she's one of the difference makers for the Cap and Tax bill, suddenly the whole party's grumbling about her. Welcome to the club. Have a seat | Read More »
Tags: Bonnie Garcia, CA-45, California, Cap and Tax, Cap and Trade, Jim Battin, Mary Bono Mack, RMSP

subset: commoncrawl


text:
On Sunday morning, Mel, Neyire and Adam will be at Blackheath Halls in London, performing some French classics and a dash of Mozart. They'll be exploring some interesting wind repertoire, with works by Ibert, Françaix and from Milhaud, Mozart's lively Divertimento No.1 and the sonorous and expansive Trio from English composer Gordon Jacob. If you'd like to join them for a classical coffee on Sunday, there are still some tickets left – click here to book one.
You can also catch Mel, Neyire and Robert performing in a chamber production of the Magic Flute with Opera a la Carte, the week after next.


text:
The sofware-relict WP with which I approximated LL
I wish to illustrate this point by how for actually 20 years I have worked linearly with WordPerfect 5.1, trying to create non-linear read-paths in especially letters by placing endnotes in endnotes and spreading pointers to any particular critical note troughout the text at wherever the point was practically relevant (thereby joyously reducing text-volumes).
As you will understand I (still) keep working with WordPerfect because in all it's clumsiness with regard to how possibilities have been implemented and tricks have to be learned, it is the one editor with which all this is actually at least possible, much in contrast with the for me unworkable MS Word.
It never worked actually. I suited a cruel psychiatrist, W.H.J. Mutsaers. The complaint was only a few pages, with a book of notes accompanyïng it that was about 150.000 words long. The judge, rechter Duursma told me his verdict at first informal contact (so before - or most-probably-before, I ought to say - before even having actually read it).
He was just judging by the volume of my writing. With Logi-logi, this kind of intrinsically unjust jurisprudence might finally be preëmpted.
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The place was clean. The price was very good. Mike was wonderfull with all his tips and helped us a lot choosing places to visit. I would go again without doubts.
- Also Known As:
- Ascot On Fenton Rotorua
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- The Ascot Motel of Rotorua offers a selection of superior units to suit all tastes and budgets. Relax in one of our Private Spa Pool units. Spa pools are individually filled and controlled. All units are well insulated and thermally heated to keep you and your family warm during the cooler months. We have 10 channels of television, including Sky TV. Our complex is 300 to 400 metres from the City and directly opposite a Supermarket for your convenience. ... more less
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Free wi-fi at Chao Phraya piers
- Published: 6 Dec 2012 at 20.05
- Online news: News
A free public wi-fi service will be made available at 15 piers along the Chao Phraya River by the end of the year, Deputy Transport Minister Prasert Chantararuangthong said on Thursday.
The free w-ifi initiative was offered as a New Year gift for the public, in line with government policy to offer free access to wireless internet at public venues, Mr Prasert said.
The 15 piers have been chosen as pilot locations and include Sathon, Chong Nonsi, Nonthaburi, Sathu Pradit, Din Daeng, Memorial Bridge (Saphan Phut), Phra Pin Klao Bridge, Ratchawongse, Thewet, Kiak Kai, Si Phraya, Krung Thon ( Sanghi) and Kheaw Khai Ka.
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- Join the France 24 community here
- Log in
Latest update: 11/02/2013
- Arab League - Arab world - Egypt - Islam - Mohammed Morsi - Tunisia
Who's in charge?
The murder of an outspoken opposition leader in Tunisia sparks copycat threats in Egypt by radical clerics. Two years on, François Picard's panel reacts to the growing climate of fear and lawlessness happening on the watch of Islamist parties who came to power through the ballot box.
- Mohamed SALEM. France 24 journalist
- Ardavan AMIR-ASLANI. Attorney, Paris Bar
- Steven EKOVICH. Professor of Political Sciences, American University of Paris
- Saida OUNISSI. Spokesperson, Union for Islamic Organisations in France Researcher in Political Science, Paris 1 La Sorbonne.
Produced by François Picard, Anelise Borges, Mary Colombel, Christopher Davis


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NTSB: Plane crashed on its way to Duplin airport
Submitted by WWAY on Fri, 11/29/2013 - 3:58pm.READ MORE:
A preliminary report released on Wednesday by the National Transportation Safety Board sheds new light into the final minutes of a plane crash that killed a Marine Major.
Full story...
» Wilmington women arrested for theft in Jacksonville
Submitted by WWAY on Fri, 11/29/2013 - 11:30am.READ MORE:
A pair of Wilmington women spent at least part of Thanksgiving in jail after Jacksonville Police say they stole more than $6,000 worth of merchandise this week.
Full story...
» Wilmington-shot 'Christmas in Conway' airs Sunday on WWAY and ABC
Submitted by WWAY on Fri, 11/29/2013 - 10:42am.READ MORE:
Get in the Christmas spirit Sunday when Wilmington takes on a starring role in the Hallmark Hall of Fame movie "Christmas in Conway." It airs Sunday at 9 p.m. on WWAY NewsChannel 3 and ABC.
The movie, starring Mary-Louise Parker, Andy Garcia and Mandy Moore, shot in Wilmington in August.
Full story...
» Community discussions on gang problem continue Monday
Submitted by WWAY on Fri, 11/29/2013 - 10:38am.READ MORE:
The City of Wilmington continues its series of meetings on gangs with its third community conversation Monday night.
Full story...
» Cold crowd gathers for hot discs on Record Store Day
Submitted by Christina Anthony on Fri, 11/29/2013 - 10:15am.READ MORE:
Big box stores were not the only spots with lines out the door this Black Friday.
Gravity Records on Castle Street in Wilmington featured limited edition music that drew a crowd for what is called Record Store Day.
Full story...
» NC officials say 2013 Christmas tree crop top-rate
Submitted by WWAY on Fri, 11/29/2013 - 9:19am.READ MORE:
Some Christmas tree growers have already opened for business in North Carolina, and agriculture officials say consumers will be picking from one of the best crops in recent years.
Full story...
» New roof rescues Wilmington woman's hopes in time for the holidays
Submitted by Allyson Lorick on Fri, 11/29/2013 - 9:13am.READ MORE:
Giving thanks is a big part of the holiday season, especially on Thanksgiving Day, and one longtime Wilmington resident spent this one with no fear of a rain storm.
We take you to the new and improved home where we found Florence Warren, our Roof Rescue Contest winner, who says she is exceptionally thankful this year.
Full story...
» Black Friday frenzy at Independence Mall
Submitted by Holden Kurwicki on Fri, 11/29/2013 - 7:44am.READ MORE:
It's Black Friday and retailers are pulling out all the stops to get shoppers in the stores and a jump start on holiday shopping.
Full story...
» Black Friday shoppers share their secrets of success
Submitted by Holden Kurwicki on Thu, 11/28/2013 - 11:48pm.READ MORE: »Christmas tree lots open and ready for business in Cape Fear
Submitted by Makenzi Henderson on Thu, 11/28/2013 - 10:32pm.READ MORE:
Christmas time is upon us now that Thanksgiving is nearly over. For many people, that starts with buying a tree. At the Optimist Club's tree lot at the Kmart in Wilmington on Thursday, volunteers said they had a few families come by and sold about 10 trees. They said the sales really pick up in the two days after Thanksgiving.
Full story...
» EXPLORE WITH GEORGE: Winter Weather Forecast
Submitted by Ashley Cimino on Thu, 11/28/2013 - 10:22pm.READ MORE:
After some light snowfall in the area already, some of you are wondering what kind of weather we can expect for the rest of the season.
Full story...
» Port City families host Marines on Thanksgiving
Submitted by Brandon Taylor on Thu, 11/28/2013 - 5:38pm.READ MORE:
Thanksgiving is a day meant to be shared with family and friends, but some here in the Port City chose to invite strangers into their homes.
Full story...
» Expert advice for your Black Friday shopping
Submitted by Tim Buckley on Thu, 11/28/2013 - 11:59am.READ MORE:
As we celebrate today as a day to give thanks, some will be giving thanks for great deals. But how do you know where to find the best deals without having to pitch a tent and wait all week? We asked the senior editor of Consumer Reports Jim Willcox for some expert advice
Full story...
» Small NC retailers seeking shoppers on Saturday
Submitted by WWAY on Thu, 11/28/2013 - 9:54am.READ MORE:
A Forsyth County goat dairy, a Winston-Salem book publisher and a Charlotte lawn sign company are among the North Carolina companies holding special events or offering unexpected discounts to draw shoppers on Small Business Saturday.
Full story...
» Happy Thanksgiving from WWAY NewsChannel 3
Submitted by WWAY on Thu, 11/28/2013 - 12:00am.READ MORE:
Turkey and pumpkin pie. Family and friends. Health and happiness. There's a lot to be thankful for on Thanksgiving.
At WWAY NewsChannel 3, we're thankful for the newsmakers and the news viewers of the Cape Fear.
Full story...


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3 hrs ago | Pacific Sun
Friends of the Palo Alto Library
Won't you consider contributing a few hours a week to help keep our five Palo Alto libraries up-to-date and thriving? Friends of the Palo Alto Library's monthly sales of donated books and media raise much-needed funds to purchase new books, furniture, technology, and special programs.
Should we change our lifestyles to help reduce global warming?
Would same-sex marriage undermine traditional marriage?
9 hrs ago | Business Journal
Same-day delivery startup expands nationally
Just in time for last-minute holiday shopping, same-day retail delivery service Deliv has partnered with four major mall operators to bring goods directly from stores to consumer's doors.
13 hrs ago | Contract Pharma Breaking News
Ocera Executives Depart Following Tranzyme Merger
David S. Moore , chief business officer at Ocera Therapeutics , is leaving the company to pursue other opportunities.
17 hrs ago | Palo Alto Weekly
Palo Alto may delay car-dwelling ban
Palo Alto's vehicle habitation ban should be put on hold for at least a year, according to Palo Alto's city manager, who stated a related case in the U.S. Court of Appeals may have impacts on the ordinance.
18 hrs ago | InMenlo.com
Malika stocks clothes that mothers and daughters can wear at Gitane in downtown Menlo Park
Editor's note: From now through Christmas, we'll be checking in at various Menlo Park merchants to get gift ideas, with an eye to shopping locally.
22 hrs ago | Palo Alto Weekly
Commissioners push for more traffic data
Palo Alto residents' ongoing frustration over worsening traffic surfaced again Wednesday night, even as city transportation planners tried to explain what they're doing to meet the public's rising demand for more accurate and informed traffic analyses.
Yesterday | San Jose Mercury News
Palo Alto: Council denies appeal of 'modernist glass box'
A mixed-use project proposed for the corner of Hamilton Avenue and Ramona Street in Palo Alto is poised to move forward following the city council's rejection this week of an appeal signed by 23 residents.
Admin: Fire alarm not pulled by student
Left: Paly students enter the Viking Stadium football field after an alarm went off during fifth period.
Fire Dept. burns through half its overtime budget
The Palo Alto Fire Department has burned through half of its annual overtime budget -- $718,000 -- during this fiscal year compared with $571,000 spent during this period last year.
Herrera Beutler's infant daughter comes home
The infant daughter of Washington state U.S. Rep. Jaime Herrera Beutler is back home in Camas this week after spending months under the supervision of doctors in California.
Among the personalized items available at Occasions, Etc., in Menlo Park are newborn baby T-shirts that spell out "iPoo'd" and "Change Me."
Palo Alto grad Adams receives national football honor
Fresno State wide receiver Davante Adams, a redshirt sophomore wide receiver from Palo Alto High, has been named the winner of the 2013 Paul Warfield Award, the Touchdown Club of Columbus announced.
Public Agenda: TDM, teacher raises, Cal Ave concept plan
The board will hold a study session to discuss enrollment trends and plans to open a 13th elementary school in Palo Alto.
Council approves law to make homes electric-vehicle-friendly
Palo Alto adopted an ordinance Monday to require circuitry for charging electric vehicles in all newly built homes, a move aimed at helping make Palo Alto "the most electric-vehicle-friendly city in the world."
Nest pimps old fire truck, puts it on the street selling smart thermostats and fire alarms
Nest converted a surplus fire truck into a marketing vehicle to sell its "smart" smoke and carbon monoxide sensors.
Roadshow: El Camino Real narrowing will be open to public comment
Q Some of our local leaders are crafting plans to reduce El Camino Real to two lanes from Santa Clara to Palo Alto to make room for dedicated express bus lanes.
Lucile Packard grows South Bay presence with $24.5M Campbell building buy
Lucile Packard Children's Hospital , out of room at its six-year-old specialty center in Los Gatos, has purchased a 63,000-square-foot medical complex in the West Valley for $24.5 million.
Mother struck, seriously injured by car
A minor driving a car struck a woman in her 30s as she was walking her child to school Tuesday morning, Dec. 10. Map courtesy of Google.
Who's Hiring In Palo Alto: Machine Zone, Wounded Warrior Project, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital
For those seeking work in Palo Alto - or those who are looking for a new job, or even a second job - here's a list of local job openings from indeed.com .
Betsy Franco fictionalizes the life of Camille Claudel in "Naked"
Author Betsy Franco and her son, artist Tom Franco, are on the same wavelength. Frequent collaborators, they're given to finishing each other's sentences.


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Bricsys® is a global provider of dwg engineering design software brought to market under the BricsCAD® brand. With relentless commitment to the success of the BricsCAD community, Bricsys is focused on providing an industrial strength CAD software platform and industry leading support at a compelling price to customers in the AEC, GIS, civil engineering, process and power, and mechanical CAD markets. Founded in 2002, Bricsys is a founding member of the Open Design Alliance.
Contact us30/05/2012
Gent, Belgium and Merrimack, USA: May 30, 2012 -- Bricsys today announced its new International Academic Program, which gives students and educational institutions free access to all versions of Bricscad software and APIs.
For instance, Bricscad V12 Platinum, the company's flagship computer-aided design software, is now free to students. It features an instantly recognizable GUI, reads and writes native .dwg files, and offers intuitive 3D direct modeling along with 2D and 3D constraints and automatic design intent detection. This powerful CAD software is available on Windows and Linux operating systems, and is offered free of charge to the educational community worldwide.
Through its broad offering of APIs (application programming interfaces), Bricsys encourages students and instructors to dream up new and creative design functions, thereby contributing to exciting new developments in CAD and engineering software.
Bricsys plans to launch a unique e-store that enables students and educational institutions to sell their applications and inventions online to the world. Bricsys will facilitate the sales and payment procedure.
Once registered, students, instructors, and educational institutions can download the software, and then use it for 12 months. After this period, they must renew their qualification. To join the Academic Program, visit the Bricsys Web site at:
About Bricsys
Through its network of 70 offices on four continents, Bricsys is a global provider of engineering software. Their portfolio consists of the following products:
Bricsys products are available in 17 languages, with more languages in development. Every month, Bricsys transparently reports the status and development of its software products to its customers. Wherever they are around the globe, customers can communicate support requests directly to the Bricsys support team around the clock.
Bricsys is a founding member of the Open Design Alliance and thereby contributes to interoperability in the engineering industry.
For more information about Bricsys, contact us through www.bricsys.com.


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New Skype Tallinn office prologue
Yesterday, we inaugurated the new office of Skype Tallinn, by far the largest facility of Skype worldwide. This has been a year of moving and relocation, with Skype moving in London, Luxembourg, San Jose and now Tallinn. (We lost the chicken race to others.) I hear this is not the last offices-related news this year, so as always, watch this space for updates.
We're still moving in and unpacking. No pictures of the interior yet, as there's painters and ladders and installers and wires and cables around still, but here are some artifacts from last night's opening party and the surroundings.
We're in a building that's pretty nondescript from the outside, perhaps only differentiated by the logo. This is probably one of the few buildings in the world where you actually see this logo on a house. While pretty subtle at daytime, at night it has a blue glow and is a piece of art on its own.
Inside, though, it's a different story. You can get a feeling of the vibe here if you look at the videos from our previous offices and multiply the coolness factor at least five, if not ten times. It's not too "fancy" or "posh", though, as we don't think much of those things. Rather, I'd say it's smart and functional, being as Skype always was — to the point and getting things done.
Toby the Skype Tallinn mascot dog was there with us at the opening. Not itself, as it got nervous with all the people around, but on the meat dish and the cake. Someone told me:
Can we please stop evangelizing Tobi? Jaanus, don't post several pictures of fake Tobi on cakes and stuff.
Interestingly enough, while Tobi is not even a human, it provides an interesting introspective and an original viewpoint (around the knee-height of most humans) into various aspects of our life here, and thus will continue to be a regular contributor to our sites and blogs.
Continuing the tradition of free office goodies, here's our typical ice cream selection. The ice cream fridges are at various places throughout the office floors, this one is about five meters from my desk.
Here's a view from my window. It's towards forest where you can go running or biking at summertime, and skiing in the winter. … Ok, I cheated a bit. Between the office and the forest, there's a car park. But still.
It's shaping up to be a pretty good place to work and have fun. Last night's opening party was spectacular as expected. And after having been separated across many temporary locations and homes (some folks stayed at home simply because there was no space for their desk, or not enough chairs… can you imagine?), we're finally all together at the same place.
One thought on "New Skype Tallinn office prologue"
romanticangle said 7 years ago
this picture is very nice . and i can not help myself to imaging that should be a very nice place .


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Changes announced for first step of Quincy Center redevelopment
Big changes have been announced for the $130 million Merchants Row development in Quincy Center, with an announcement that the 15-story residential building will shift to a six-story building and overtake more property.
New drawings in the first phase of the $1.6 billion redevelopment show residential buildings will splay out in three buildings, and retail space will increase 60 percent on the site as Street-Works develops more properties on the block. Parking spaces will be provided on one level as opposed to two.
The buildings have retained their same character and feel, and the public outdoor areas have been increased by 50 percent. Albas will still anchor the block moving forward.
We said with the additional site, [we could] build the same number of units we had in the tower, but low rise now, and keep the quality of the units, keep the loft, keep the same customer experience, and have a lower cost, said Richard Heapes, co-founder of developer Street-Works.
The decision was only partially based on the rising cost of construction in and around the Boston area. Several tenants who had previously declined to sell to Street-Works also came back to the table, opening up the construction area for the developer to work with on the block.
Our original scheme was based on a site a certain size, purely based on who we had existing contracts with. We had a couple people at the end of the day werent prepared to sell, so we had to roll on and move on, Heapes said. We figured it out, we start to knock buildings down, and those people said would you like to have a conversation again.
According to Heapes, though the building will switch from steel to wood and be configured much differently, the alterations will not need additional Planning Board approval. The changes will go before both the City Council and the Planning Board for review.
Though the square footage allotted to retail uses will increase, meeting the demand currently existing in the market, Heapes said, the square footage for residential and commercial properties will stay the same in the redevelopment as a whole.
Also remaining basically unchanged will be the timeline, Heapes said. Apartments will still be available by 2015. Street-Works will make up for the time lost in additional demolition with the significantly less digging involved in making a one-story parking garage as opposed to two.
We control more of the block, have more street retail, bigger public space while maintaining the same ... quality for less cost, Heapes said.
Though the look of the first phase of construction has become shorter and wider, Heapes said the shift most likely wouldnt carry forward for the duration of the development.
I dont expect over the course of all Quincy Center for costs to be going up. They will stop at some point, fluctuate, as we establish new Quincy Center in this first phase, Heapes said.
The change was announced by Street-Works on Monday afternoon, and comes only weeks after the developer parted ways with Related Beal and renewed focus with Twining Properties.
Despite the change in partnerships, Heapes said their addition had influence on the configuration of the units inside the buildings, rather than on the overall height change.
Officials in the mayors office did not return repeated calls for comment on the potential changes. However, the alterations still leave a lot of unanswered questions for other city officials.
The acquisition of new buildings means a new mix of street-level retail, and mixed use, which is perfect. Gives you a longer playing field up and down Cottage [Avenue] to set back everything and have it conform, so I get that, said City Councilor Doug Gutro, chairman of the Downtown Committee, prior to the announcement. But I want to know not just for Merchants Row but the entirety of the project: How does this change the mix of commercial, retail, residential?
Gutro said he has compiled a resolution to be announced at the Sept. 3 City Council meeting asking for a cumulative update on Merchants Row and the entire downtown project.
This modification could be something more enticing than the original plan, Gutro said. Ill withhold judgment until I see it. All things being equal, its an encouraging sign that new partners are coming on board and looking to do more, not less.


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Staub Saute Pan - Braiser 4 qt. Hexagon - Black Matte
Item#: HN-ZJA147Price:
- Constructed from high-quality cast iron
- Heat-resistant nickel-plated knob
- 4-qt. capacity
- Dishwasher-safe
- Dimensions: 13.4L x 11.7W x 4.1H in
What's Included
Saute pan
If you're serious about cooking, add the Staub Saute Pan - Braiser 4 qt. Hexagon - Black Matte to your cookware collection. This cast iron pan features a black matte enamel HEXAGON bottom. This finish produces a natural non-stick surface that is more resistant to scratches and chips, and won't discolor or rust. Plus, it's dishwasher-safe.
About Staub Cookware
From professional chefs to home cooks, people with a passion for cooking rely on Staub cookware. Combining the utility of cast iron with the latest technology available, Francis Staub designed his first enameled pot in 1974 in the Alsace region of France. Known for performance, style, and durability, Staub has become the benchmark for enameled cast-iron cookware. Ideal for braising, searing, roasting, and caramelizing food, Staub's signature pots - called cocottes - feature an enameled interior with a matte black finish. Resistant to rust, chipping, and cracking, cocottes are available in round and oval shapes in a variety of sizes and colors. Just right for slow-cooking food, Staub cocottes are designed to provide even heat distribution, excellent heat retention, and continuous self-basting. The inside of each heavy, snug-fitting lid features a series of bumps (or self-basting spikes) to allow continuous natural basting by distributing moisture throughout for extra flavor and tenderness. In addition to its signature cookware, which is perfect for serving at the table, Staub also offers pans for frying, sauteing, grilling, and roasting, as well as a variety of teapots, accessories, and gourmet specialty items.
Dimensions & Specifications
Cast Iron
Size Code
11 in.
Dishwasher Safe
The Staub-Black Collection


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I am looking for a good software program, primarily for projects and tasks with the following criteria:
1) compatible on PC
2) sync's with IPhone and IPad
3) nice user interface. I was using Omnifoucs, and really liked the design, though unless I am mistaken, it is not usable on PCs. Outlook is ok, though I do not really like the layout.
Thanks for thoughts on software program(s) for the above!


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Russian teenager Sergey Sirotkin will visit the Sauber factory next week as he gears up for a future with the Formula One team.
Although the 17-year-old is currently contesting the Formula Renault 3.5 series, he is expected to move up to the premier class next season as part of a deal with Sauber's new Russian sponsors.
At this point in time, though, Sirotkin has yet to even put in a lap in a Formula One car.
And while that's not expected to happen any time this season, he will at least meet the team when he visit the Hinwil factory next week.
"During the visit scheduled for August 20-22, Sergey will get acquainted with the team's personnel, its technical equipment and F1 car," read a statement from his management.
Sirotkin's visit to the factory comes in the wake of Sauber refuting claims that the Russian sponsorship deal is in jeopardy.


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The summer season swells Lynn and Adam's inner desires
"Out Adam!" Lynn pointed her finger sternly to the other side of the reception area. Adam sat on the reception desk's counter. Cassie, the young, very buxom, brunette receptionist, didn't seem to mind much judging by her wide, sparkling grin. Adam offered an innocent glance towards his supervisor. "Now!" Lynn insisted. "Stop hanging around reception like some bored monkey already....Read On
Added: 14 Mar 2013 | Category: Love Stories | Avg Score: 4.8 | Tags: younger man coworkers female supervisor student interracial chinese | 4 Comments
Macy was busy picking flowers around Pike's, when she noticed a familiar tattooed arm picking around fruits. She felt anxiety bloom in her stomach and her pulse picked up, but her feet moved towards the man. His back was familiar, his stance, and even the broadness of his shoulders. Then she saw the small tattoo on the back of his left elbow; Novak. Her heart dropped when he turned...Read On
Added: 13 Mar 2013 | Category: Love Stories | Avg Score: 5 | Tags: love novel chapters | 4 Comments
The mounting anticipation of that First Kiss
You return home from a long day. The house smells absolutely delicious. I stand before you wearing dark jeans and a button down shirt. I greet you with roses, and lead you to the dining room and serve you shrimp and scallop scampi, with risotto, and grilled vegetable medley of zucchini, portabella mushroom, red onion, drizzled with balsamic syrup, coupled with a glass of wine. Upon...Read On
Added: 13 Mar 2013 | Category: Love Stories | Avg Score: 4.75 | Tags: romance | 3 Comments
True story - real place, sadly closed now
I hardly drink alcohol, but when I do, it's cocktails. Not a good combination really, the hard stuff and not having a practised head for it, but – what the hell. That meant that for my birthday the place to go was a no-brainer: Bootleggers – a cocktail bar in Lynnwood with a cult-following because it had an original way of running things. We were quite a big crowd and easily took up a...Read On
Added: 13 Mar 2013 | Category: Love Stories | Avg Score: 4.83 | Tags: no sex true pick-up | 5 Comments
It had been way too long since Jackie had had sex. Weeks. Months? Maybe that was why she couldn't keep the exaggerated sway from her hips as she walked inside Stable's Bar and Grill. Why she was so aware of the way her jeans gripped her ass as she half danced everywhere. Why every time the seam of her pants rubbed her clit, she shifted position to tease herself. Jackie lived for...Read On
Added: 10 Mar 2013 | Category: Love Stories | Avg Score: 4.85 | Tags: lust reluctance fingering public | 9 Comments
The continuing story of trying new things with my beloved fiance.
I obeyed his wishes and got up from my bed, switched off the light, and then walked to my dresser. On top of it I kept three candles for such an occasion as this; I had just bought them recently and had yet to try them out. I took my lighter and lit each one, setting them in a line on the dresser top so they cast a soft, romantic glow over the room. I then turned to him, then blushed when...Read On
Added: 09 Mar 2013 | Category: Love Stories | Avg Score: 5 | Tags: anal play 69 making out fingering straight sex love | 1 Comment
Tara gets a nightly visitor and so much more!
I always see the same security guard walking around my floor at the same time every night; checking the doors, turning off lights and shutting down Kliman Memorial Hospital's extended wings. He never speaks, other than the courteous head nod or occasional "Hello," and "Goodnight" that he may or may not give according to how his night is going. He occasionally peeks his head into certain...Read On
Added: 08 Mar 2013 | Category: Love Stories | Avg Score: 4.5 | Tags: hospital | 1 Comment
Caleb watched Macy practically drown her veggie pizza in crushed pepper flakes. He watched her lick the extra flakes off her fingers and then smile as the waitress dropped off her pink lemonade. He took notice that every time she had said thank you, she had sounded genuinely grateful. Her smile was vibrant, making his lips twitch up in the same gesture. When he looked up he saw...Read On
Added: 07 Mar 2013 | Category: Love Stories | Avg Score: 5 | Tags: love novels chapters | 1 Comment
A romantic story about a conflicted young british girl in a love triangle
They left his car and hiked up a steep, five kilometer trail to a vista overlooking the Celtic Sea. She struggled to keep up with him, as he took long easy strides. She stumbled, and he turned around. "You okay? Do we need to slow down?" "Why don't you ever sweat, Alan Trywick?" she asked. "I'm sweating like a pig, and you're carrying on like it's a stroll in the park." She wiped her brow...Read On
Added: 04 Mar 2013 | Category: Love Stories | Avg Score: 4.71 | Tags: love triangle romance | 3 Comments
Two lovers share one last forbidden tryst.
It had been weeks since I had seen Eric, yet I remembered his face well. The day I left was the day my heart broke. I just had not realized it yet. He was unique, talented. Eric was a musician, an artist, a sculptor, a writer, and one of the most profoundly amazing men I'd ever met. I had made my choice, though. At least, I thought I had. It was the night just before my wedding, and I...Read On
Added: 04 Mar 2013 | Category: Love Stories | Avg Score: 0 | Tags: love | 1 Comment
The course of true love never did run smoothly, especially not for Mattie and Simon...
While this is a follow up to parts I through V, you should be able to read this as it stands, (although of course, the first parts will enhance your reading pleasure!) *** Mattie switched off the shower and stepped out into the ornate bathroom in one of the ritziest suites that New York had to offer. Beads of warm water ran down her soft, glowing, wet skin and the sun shone...Read On
Added: 03 Mar 2013 | Category: Love Stories | Avg Score: 4.98 | Tags: oral spanking masturbation punishment biting distraction panties | 22 Comments
Leighton and Pierce meet...
Macy peered at Caleb over the top of her sunglasses, "Did you bet on this game?" Caleb sat back and put an arm around her back, "I don't bet, on anything." She leaned into his embrace and rested her head on his shoulder, "Why is that?" He shrugged, "Ethics?" She turned her head towards the field again, "Although I did bet on you, you were my biggest risk and my greatest reward." ...Read On
Added: 25 Feb 2013 | Category: Love Stories | Avg Score: 4.67 | Tags: novels new beginnins love
Our first date became something more very quickly.
His hands were large and soft. That was always the one thing I remembered most about him. When we would lie together he would run his hands up and down my torso. Caressing me gently, warming me all over slowly. In those moments I would sigh and snuggle closer to his hard body. Yet now when I turn over he is not there, just a cold empty bed to caress and comfort me now. My Trent is gone away. ...Read On
Added: 23 Feb 2013 | Category: Love Stories | Avg Score: 4.14 | Tags: first date bedroom oral | 3 Comments
Valentine's Day. There's always hope.
I sat alone in the lunchroom accompanied only by a cold grilled cheese on a dirty plastic tray. Swarms of college students marched in and out of the concession stand of a cafeteria. The food was never enjoyable, even when the grilled cheeses were hot. Everyone was black and white. They were bored, vacant, uninterested in anything going on around them. I've never looked in a mirror so I may...Read On
Added: 22 Feb 2013 | Category: Love Stories | Avg Score: 4.67 | Tags: love romance first kiss
The first night on our honeymoon and there is no time for sleep.
The small cottage stands out as a silhouette against the dark night, only distinguishable because the building is darker than the landscape around it. The car turns the corner onto a dirt road, and the now jerky headlights illuminate the building. A wooden door and glinting window sit beside a net of vines that weaves its way up the side of the white house and onto its roof. I look over...Read On
Added: 21 Feb 2013 | Category: Love Stories | Avg Score: 4.8 | Tags: honeymoon cottage marriage wedding dress dress romance newlywed


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# A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S St. T U V W X Y Z All Listings
Celebrating 25 years of serving West Michigan!
In those days John the Baptist came to the Judean wilderness and began preaching. His message was, "Repent of your sins and turn to God, for the Kingdom of Heaven is near."
Matthew 3:1-2 (New Living Translation)


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Choosing a Major
The relationship between college majors and career fields varies. Some fields, such as teaching and engineering, require certification or special training, but many fields do not. The world is full of pre-med lawyers, investment brokers with psychology degrees, and entrepreneurs who majored in history. Strategies for Choosing a Major
Keene State College policy requires that you officially declare your major on a Declaration of Major form. This process may be completed at any time after your arrival at KSC, but you must complete the process by the time you have earned 60 credits. If you are having trouble choosing your major, visit Academic & Career Advising.Related Links What Can I Do With a Major in ... |


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hehe, I think is made of glass
hehe, I think is made of glass
Flame on I am gone...
Facebook Is the best thing since ICQ
its probably dirty becuz its been to so many parties. its unbelievable some of the stuff players do to the cup. i heard when dallas won it, they took it to brett hull's house, and threw the cup off the 2nd floor balcony tryin to hit the pool, they missed and the cup landed on cement, puttin a huge dent on it. so im not surprised if its not shiny, it just mean the lightning players are more careful w/ it then the stars.Originally posted by James Ko
I always expect the cup to be shiny and all but it wasn't. They didn't clean the cup it was kind of dirty which was a suprise... cause you can't touch the cup unless you are the winner of it.
I didn't notice any dent in it.
About the Dallas Star story of throwing the cup... I think that is pretty much a urban legend... don't really think they do that.
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they fixed it, they obviously dont want to tour around a dented stanley cup
well i remember neiuwendyke admitting to it in an interview, and the guy who was supposed to protect (bodyguard) the cup talkin about it too.
Was digging up on this cause it got me curious but supermonkey could be right
here are some of the interesting things happen to the cup
OTTAWA, 1903. A member of Ottawa's Silver Seven took the Cup home. The teammates found out, a scuffle ensued, and the Cup was tossed into a cemetery.
OTTAWA, 1905. After the Ottawa Silver Seven won the Stanley Cup, one celebrant boasted he could kick it across the frozen-at-the-time Rideau Canal (which links Ottawa on the Ottawa River with Kingston on Lake Ontario). In a day when the Cup was a football-sized bowl and when most hockey players also played rugby, he proceeded to drop kick it into the frozen canal. (Some sources list it as being submerged, however read on.) The partyers proceeded to party elsewhere, leaving the Cup behind. The next morning, the players realized that the Cup was still at the Canal, so they headed to recover the Cup and fortunately found it right where they left it On Colden Pond (or canal).
Abandonment came, abuse (or at least some really weird treatment) followed.
MONTREAL(?), 1906 or 1907. A Montreal club (possibly the Wanderers) wanted its picture taken with the Cup in the studio of photographer Jimmy Rice. After taking the photo, the team left, and the team left behind the Cup. It stayed in the studio for some months until Rice's mother (some sources say it was his wife or his housekeeper or his cleaning lady) used it as a vase, as it held red geraniums in the Studio window.
KENORA (?), ONTARIO, 1907. The Kenora Thistles were forbidden to use two players in the 1907 series. A team official took the Cup and said, "I'm going to throw it in Lake of the Woods." He didn't.
MONTREAL, CIRCA 1910. One of the then-champion Montreal Wanderers operated a St. Catherine Street Bowling Alley, where the Cup was "lodged in a showcase, heaped big with chewing gum to entice prospective buyers."
MONTREAL, 1924. The Montreal Canadiens went to Leo Dandurand's home for a champagne party. The car carrying the Cup had tire blow out, and the car's occupants put it on the side of the road while they stopped for repairs. After the repair, they drove off without the Cup. They realized this when only when they arrived at their destination, and they immediately left to retrace their route to try to find the Cup. They found it a mile and a half away from Dandurand's home--exactly where they left it.
OTTAWA, 1927. The Ottawa Senators won it, and it spent much of the year's summer in King Clancy's living room, where it served as a receptacle for everthing including letters, bills, chewing gum, and cigar butts.
NEW YORK CITY (?), 1940. After the New York Rangers won the cup, Hall of Famer Lynn Patrick and teammates celebrated by urinating in it.
MONTREAL, 1947. With Montreal trailing three games to two in the best-of-seven Cup final, Conn Smythe left the Cup in Montreal after the fifth game of the finals even though game six was slated for Toronto. This would make easier the celebration of a game seven win in Montreal. Problem is, Toronto won game six at Maple Leaf Gardens, thereby winning the Cup which was still in Montreal.
CHICAGO, 1962. When the Montreal Canadiens were losing in the playoff semifinals to the then-defending-Cup-champion Chicago Blackhawks, a Montreal fan went to the the Chicago-Stadium-lobby display case where the Cup was kept, took the Cup and headed for the door. The thief almost reached the street before being stopped by a stadium police officer Later, the fan said "I was taking the Cup back to Montreal, where it belongs."
TORONTO, LATE 1960s and 1970. The Cup was stolen twice from Hockey Hall of Fame in the late 1960s. (On December 5, 1970, Burglars stole the Cup along with the Conn Smythe trophy and the Bill Masterston Memorial Trophy.) Police would recover the trophies each time. One thief threatened to throw the Cup into Lake Ontario unless the charges were dropped.
NEW YORK CITY(?), 1980. Clark Gillies of the 1980 New York Islanders allowed his dog to eat from it. Gillies said, "He's a nice dog." Islander Bryan Trottier took the Cup with him to bed. He said, "I wanted to wake up and find it right beside me. I didn't want to think I'd just dreamed of this happening."
MONTREAL(?), 1986. Chris Nilan of the champion Canadiens photographed the Cup in 1986 with his infant son in it. Nilan said, "His bottom fit right in."
EDMONTON, 1987. The night after the Edmonton Oilers won the Cup, one of them [likely Mark Messier] placed it on stage with an exotic dancer at the Forum Inn, an Edmonton strip joint just across the street from the Northlands Coliseum. Messier took the Cup to various night spots and let fans drink from it.
BOSTON, 1988. During the 1988 finals, two Harvard seniors served as security and guarded the Cup in Boston's Ritz-Carlton hotel.
NEW YORK CITY, 1994. New Yorkers savored the Cup when the Rangers won for the first time in 54 years. As Sports illustrated told it: "Like a loose puck it has been slapped from bar to nightclub to ballpark to ballroom to racetrack to squad car to firehouse to strip joint. Along the way it has been kissed, petted, hugged, massaged, fondled and shaken in exultation by thousands of fans. Many have taken sips from its ample bowl. 'God only knows whose lips have been on that thing,' says Bruce Lifrieri, the Rangers' massage therapist. " The litany of hijinks in New York alone deserves a webpage of its own:
Mark Messier and Brian Leetch brought the Cup on The Late Show with David Letterman and did Stupid Cup Tricks.
Ed Olczyk brought it to Belmont racetrack and let 1994-Kentucky Derby winner Go for Gin use it as a feed bag.
Brian Noonan and Nick Kypreos brought the Cup on MTV Prime Time Beach House where it was stuffed with raw clams and oysters. (On the show, Noonan denied he had used the Cup as a rolling pin to make muffins. Kypreos denied playing kick the can with it.)
Messier took the Cup to Scores, an East Side strip joint. Scores spokesman Lonnie Hanover said, "It was the first time I'd seen our customers eager to touch something besides our dancers,"
The Cup went to a Ranger victory party at a Manhattan saloon called the Auction House, where it stopped traffic, started parades, and was drunk out of by everyone in sight until the bar was effectively down to backwash (but that probably wouldn't have stopped them).
After a ticker-tape parade up Broadway, and some time at McSorley's bar, a cop named Jim Jones (different guy) strapped a seat belt around the Cup in his squad car and delivered it to another engagement.
The Cup was taken to a Yankees game at Yankee Stadium, where it watched the game from George Steinbrenner's luxury box. The Yankee fans at the game cheered "Let's Go Rangers!" (That same day, the Cup visited Brian Bluver, a 13-year-old patient awaiting a heart transplant at Columbia-Presbyterian Medical Center. According to his father, Brian "smiled for the first time in seven weeks". A week and a half later Brian had 11th-hour heart surgery.)
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Many things happened to the cup that's why it's not even in good condition and don't they have a replica one too, they should trash that one instead
The cup remind me of the inner basketball league I used to be in... when we won it we would just throw it around and do things to it that is very not wises...
but anyways it is pretty sad to see players loving the cup when they won one they treat it this way afterward
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man, to think all those players drink champagne from dat cup too....now i have to think twice b4 i touch the cup againOriginally posted by James Ko
NEW YORK CITY (?), 1940. After the New York Rangers won the cup, Hall of Famer Lynn Patrick and teammates celebrated by urinating in it.
seriously tho, they work so hard to win it, and its so well respected and stuff, but when they do win it they go on and trash it and urinate in it!? dats just wrong.
ya... kind of stupid now... the holy grail just turn to portable urinal
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a quick WC update: sweden beat slovakia 2-0, goals by naslund (assist: sundin) and d. sedin (assist zetterburg, h. sedin)
usa beat canada 3-1, theodure in net for canada, lemieux, richards, st louis missed the game.
It was Brodeur and Luongo that was in the net, not Theodore.Originally posted by superkaratemonkey
a quick WC update: sweden beat slovakia 2-0, goals by naslund (assist: sundin) and d. sedin (assist zetterburg, h. sedin)
usa beat canada 3-1, theodure in net for canada, lemieux, richards, st louis missed the game.
whoops, my bad
according to reports, luongo wasnt very sharp, letting in a soft goal rite off the bat to let the americans tie it at 1-1. good to see broduer is playing well, stoppin all 18 shots. w/ a red hot broduer it'll make it easier to forget the lost of blake and pronger
I thought Canada lost 3 - 1 to the American....
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Yes Canada lost 3 - 1 to the US. Super was only describing the moment of the soft goal which tied the game 1 - 1.Originally posted by James Ko
I thought Canada lost 3 - 1 to the American....
I still don't think broduer is that great of a goalie... just that he always had good defense in front of him saving his ***.
If Theadore played like he did a few years ago man he is unstopable like Hasek.
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dats odd, i think if broduer plays on a less defensive team he'll be worship as god. he gets no respect till he won the olympic gold. b4 dat, he never won a vezina (i think he was only nominated once) even tho he win 35+ games 8 straight yr, won 3 cups, fastest goalie to get 300 wins, 75 shutout, and is picked to rewrite the goaltending record book. if he play on a team w/out stevens and neidermeyer, he'll get more recognition. imagine if brodeur plays for the canadiens, u'll think hes unstopable too cuz he of the crappy D.Originally posted by James Ko
I still don't think broduer is that great of a goalie... just that he always had good defense in front of him saving his ***.
If Theadore played like he did a few years ago man he is unstopable like Hasek.
nazzy scores again! 2-1 sweden over finland in OT
canada revenge their 3-1 lost to usa by beating them with the same score
***the canada vs slovakia game on saturday will be televised by sporstnet, check your local listing for time. dont miss it!***
sry for being away for so long, so ya, canada's first game wasn't really a game was it, they were just out there, while the second game they actually played, and ne ways this is the exibition, it doesn't really matter, the real games are in tournament to come
wow trizz where have u been!? w/out u its just me talkin to james haha
no the first canada game was an acutal game, albeit an exhibition game only. it mite not mean much, but u can tell from these games who are gonna have a good turny. dats y im so happy to see nazzy scoring 2 goals already.
hehe I am not that boring
Beside Canuck drop by couples of times.... I guess summer is still around not into the hockey spirit yet...
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I was came back from spending three days in Barcelona and we stayed in this little hostal near the Sagrada Familia. I had a business meeting near here, which is why I chose this place and I didnt go wrong! When I looked at the photos I actually thought it was a hotel, then when I got there I realized... More
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CHEF JEFF — ONE BYTE AT A TIME: Caramel Brownies
This tasty dessert is sure to satisfy anyone's sweet tooth.By: Herald Staff Report,
This tasty dessert is sure to satisfy anyone's sweet tooth.
Caramel Brownies
1 18¼-ounce box German chocolate cake mix
¾ cup butter, melted
2/3 cup evaporated milk, divided use
1 cup chopped pecans
1 14-ounce package caramels
1 6-ounce cup semisweet chocolate chips
Preheat oven to 350 degrees. Coat 9-by-13-inch baking dish with nonstick cooking spray. In large bowl, combine cake mix, butter, 1/3 cup milk and pecans, stirring with until dough forms. Press half of dough into bottom of prepared baking dish. Bake 6 minutes, reserving remaining dough. In medium saucepan, melt caramels with remaining 1/3 cup of milk over medium heat, stirring. Remove dish from oven. Sprinkle chips over warm dough. Spread melted caramel mixture over chips. Crumble remaining dough randomly over top. Bake 20 minutes. It may look as though it is not done, but once it cools it will firm up. Cool on wire rack then refrigerate for at least an hour before cutting.
Yield: 48 brownies.
Grab more food tidbits at the Chef Jeff blog at GrandForksHerald.com.
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Lucky for us, our muscles and tendons all serve a very useful function. But with overuse and age, those tendons can become damaged resulting in pain and swelling known as Tendonitis. Dr. Angela Latham discusses what we can do when tendonitis occurs.
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I woke up yesterday morning and for some reason I felt an urge to sit on the side of my bed and immediately began to meditate and pray. I usually go into the living room, relax with a cup of my homemade tea or some coffee, and ease into my day with my meditation and prayer practice. But yesterday I felt I had to begin immediately after waking up. I sat and at first I just listened. I focused on my breath and listened to the inner whisper that told me today someone unexpected would need me to be there
(Reuters) - Scottish singer Susan Boyle says she has a form of autism known as Asperger's syndrome, a diagnosis she says came as a relief after years of believing she had brain damage. Boyle, 52, told the Observer newspaper in an interview published Saturday she had sought help from a Scottish specialist a year ago believing her childhood diagnosis of brain damage was incorrect. "I was told I had brain damage.


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Avoiding Spilled Milk
Keeping the Child Safe
1. First, meet the principal. It's best to do this before school starts, and this step is essential for a first year at a school. You need to make sure that the principal understands the issues involved with dairy allergy. Make a good first impression; be reasonable, clear and encourage mutual respect. Know what you want to achieve. But, let the principal and/or vice principal speak first and explain the allergy procedures the school has developed. This fosters a positive atmosphere, and then you'll only have to make the case for a few important items.
2. Be aware of the minefields. Direct dairy sources at school include: milk programs, pizza parties, chocolate, goldfish crackers, cheese strings, yogurt and bread. Cross-contamination or contact reactions can result from old Playdough, toys, faucets and door knobs. In the younger grades, children still place fingers in their mouths or noses and accidental ingestion this way can cause reactions.
3. Focus on reducing the risk. Some schools will make a specific classroom "allergy-friendly" and restrict dairy products to protect an allergic child. But milk in the form of whey, casein or modified milk ingredients is in so many foods that completely restricting it in a school would: not be practical, cause an uproar, and be impossible to police.
Still, according to several anaphylaxis laws and policies in the United States and Canada, a principal is required to devise and communicate the plan to minimize a food-allergic child's exposures. If there is a milk program, discuss how your child will be accommodated (e.g. special table, no straws).
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The Indiana Pacers beat Miami 97-93 behind 29 points from Roy Hibbert and defense of David West knocking away two passes by LeBron James for huge turnovers in the final minute, and the Pacers have evened the series 1-1
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Tooth/teeth issues (sensitive, root canal)
#1 Guest_Fokker172_*
Posted 08 April 2003 - 10:41 PM
#2 Guest_Bushmaster_*
Posted 10 April 2003 - 09:53 AM
#3 Guest_Flight Doc_*
Posted 02 May 2003 - 10:48 PM
Posted 11 August 2005 - 02:13 PM
Thanks for the help, will update on the situation later to know what exactly is going to happen
#5 Guest_GooneyBird_*
Posted 11 August 2005 - 02:31 PM
#6 Guest_brandonv_*
Posted 23 April 2007 - 01:11 PM
#7 Guest_P27:17_*
Posted 24 April 2007 - 03:53 PM
Posted 11 May 2012 - 09:16 AM
I had a root canal performed on a lower molar approx 1.5 years ago. No crown was placed on the tooth. No pain, sensitivity, or brittleness since the work was done. Will I need to get the tooth crowned to pass the FC1? Thanks for any advice.
Posted 11 May 2012 - 10:27 AM
Posted 16 May 2012 - 12:16 AM
Don't see a major problem. Read through the AFI as necessary. If memory serves, you need to be Class 1 for initial approval, but I'm not 100% sure.AFI47-101
A2.1. CLASS 1. Patients with a current dental examination who do not require dental treatment or reevaluation. Class 1 patients are worldwide deployable.
A2.2. CLASS 2. Patients with a current dental examination who require non-urgent dental treatment or reevaluation for oral conditions that are unlikely to result in dental emergencies within 12 months. Class 2 patients are worldwide deployable. Patients in dental class 2 may exhibit the following:
A2.2.1. Treatment or follow-up indicated for dental caries or minor defective restorations that can be maintained by the patient.
A2.2.2. Interim restorations or prostheses that can be maintained for a 12-month period. This includes teeth that have been restored with permanent restorative materials but for which protective cuspal coverage is indicated.
A2.2.3. Edentulous areas requiring prostheses, but not on an immediate basis.
A2.2.4. Periodontium that requires:
A18.104.22.168. Oral prophylaxis.
A188.8.131.52. Maintenance therapy.
A126.96.36.199. Treatment for slight to moderate periodontitis and stable cases of more advanced periodontitis, and/or removal of supragingival or mild to moderate subgingival calculus.
A2.2.5. Unerupted, partially erupted, or malposed teeth that are without historical, clinical, or radiographic signs or symptoms of pathosis, but which are recommended for prophylactic removal.
A2.2.6. Active orthodontic treatment. The provider should consider placing the patient in passive appliances for deployments up to six months. For longer periods of deployment, the provider should consider removing active appliances and placing the patient in passive retention.
A2.2.7. Temporomandibular disorder patients in remission. The provider anticipates the patient can perform duties while deployed without ongoing care and any medications or appliances required for maintenance will not interfere with duties.
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