text:
Republic of Mali |
Motto: "Un peuple, un but, une foi" (French) "One people, one goal, one faith" |
Anthem: Le Mali (French) [1] | ||||||
Capital and largest city |
Bamako 12°39′N 8°0′W / 12.650°N 8.000°W |
Official languages | French | |||||
Vernacular languages | Bambara | |||||
Ethnic groups | ||||||
Demonym | Malian | |||||
Government | Unitary semi-presidential republic | |||||
- | President | Ibrahim Boubacar Keïta | ||||
- | Prime Minister | Oumar Tatam Ly | ||||
Legislature | National Assembly | |||||
Independence | ||||||
- | from Francea | 20 June 1960 | ||||
- | as Mali | 22 September 1960 | ||||
Area | ||||||
- | Total | 1,240,192 km2 (24th) 478,839 sq mi |
- | Water (%) | 1.6 | ||||
Population | ||||||
- | April 2009 census | 14,517,176[2] (67th) | ||||
- | Density | 11.7/km2 (215th) 30.3/sq mi |
GDP (PPP) | 2012 estimate | |||||
- | Total | $17.983 billion[3] | ||||
- | Per capita | $1,100[3] | ||||
GDP (nominal) | 2012 estimate | |||||
- | Total | $10.319 billion[3] | ||||
- | Per capita | $631[3] | ||||
Gini (2010) | 33.0[4] medium |
HDI (2013) | 0.344 low · 182nd |
Currency | West African CFA franc (XOF ) |
Time zone | GMT (UTC+0) | |||||
- | Summer (DST) | not observed (UTC+0) | ||||
Drives on the | right[5] | |||||
Calling code | +223 | |||||
ISO 3166 code | ML | |||||
Internet TLD | .ml | |||||
a. | As the Sudanese Republic, with Senegal as the Mali Federation. |
Mali i/ˈmɑːli/, officially the Republic of Mali (French: République du Mali, French pronunciation: [maˈli]), is a landlocked country in West Africa. Mali is bordered by Algeria to the north, Niger to the east, Burkina Faso and Côte d'Ivoire to the south, Guinea to the south-west, and Senegal and Mauritania to the west. Its size is just over 1,240,000 square kilometres (480,000 sq mi) with a population of 14.5 million. Its capital is Bamako.
Mali consists of eight regions and its borders on the north reach deep into the middle of the Sahara, while the country's southern part, where the majority of inhabitants live, features the Niger and Sénégal rivers. The country's economic structure centers on agriculture and fishing. Some of Mali's prominent natural resources include gold, being the third largest producer of gold in the African continent,[6] and salt. About half the population lives below the international poverty line of US$1.25 a day.[7]
Present-day Mali was once part of three West African empires that controlled trans-Saharan trade: the Ghana Empire, the Mali Empire (for which Mali is named), and the Songhai Empire. During its golden age, there was a flourishing of mathematics, astronomy, literature, and art.[8][9] At its peak in 1300, Mali covered an area about twice the size of modern-day France, and stretched to the west coast of Africa.[10] In the late 19th century, during the Scramble for Africa, France seized control of Mali, making it a part of French Sudan. French Sudan (then known as the Sudanese Republic) joined with Senegal in 1959, achieving independence in 1960 as the Mali Federation. Shortly thereafter, following Senegal's withdrawal from the federation, the Sudanese Republic declared itself the independent Republic of Mali. After a long period of one-party rule, a 1991 coup led to the writing of a new constitution and the establishment of Mali as a democratic, multi-party state.
In January 2012, an armed conflict broke out in northern Mali, which Tuareg rebels took control by April and declared the secession of a new state, Azawad.[11] The conflict was complicated by a military coup that took place in March[12] and later fighting between Tuareg and Islamist rebels. In response to Islamist territorial gains, the French military launched Opération Serval in January 2013.[13] A month later, Malian and French forces recaptured most of the north. Presidential elections have been scheduled for 7 July and legislative elections for 21 July.
Mali was once part of three famed West African empires which controlled trans-Saharan trade in gold, salt, slaves, and other precious commodities.[14] These Sahelian kingdoms had neither rigid geopolitical boundaries nor rigid ethnic identities.[14] The earliest of these empires was the Ghana Empire, which was dominated by the Soninke, a Mande-speaking people.[14] The empire expanded throughout West Africa from the 8th century until 1078, when it was conquered by the Almoravids.[15]
The Mali Empire later formed on the upper Niger River, and reached the height of power in the 14th century.[15] Under the Mali Empire, the ancient cities of Djenné and Timbuktu were centers of both trade and Islamic learning.[15] The empire later declined as a result of internal intrigue, ultimately being supplanted by the Songhai Empire.[15] The Songhai people originated in current northwestern Nigeria. The Songhai had long been a major power in West Africa subject to the Mali Empire's rule.[15]
In the late 14th century, the Songhai gradually gained independence from the Mali Empire and expanded, ultimately subsuming the entire eastern portion of the Mali Empire.[15] The Songhai Empire's eventual collapse was largely the result of a Moroccan invasion in 1591, under the command of Judar Pasha.[15] The fall of the Songhai Empire marked the end of the region's role as a trading crossroads.[15] Following the establishment of sea routes by the European powers, the trans-Saharan trade routes lost significance.[15]
One of the worst famines in the region's recorded history occurred in the 18th century. According to John Iliffe, "The worst crises were in the 1680s, when famine extended from the Senegambian coast to the Upper Nile and 'many sold themselves for slaves, only to get a sustenance', and especially in 1738–56, when West Africa's greatest recorded subsistence crisis, due to drought and locusts, reportedly killed half the population of Timbuktu."[16]
French colonial rule
Mali fell under the control of France during the late 19th century.[15] By 1905, most of the area was under firm French control as a part of French Sudan.[15] In early 1959, French Sudan (which changed its name to the Sudanese Republic) and Senegal united to become the Mali Federation. The Mali Federation gained independence from France on 20 June 1960.[15] Senegal withdrew from the federation in August 1960, which allowed the Sudanese Republic to become the independent Republic of Mali on 22 September 1960. Modibo Keïta was elected the first president.[15] Keïta quickly established a one-party state, adopted an independent African and socialist orientation with close ties to the East, and implemented extensive nationalization of economic resources.[15] In 1960, the population of Mali was reported to be about 4.1 million.[17]
Moussa Traoré
On 19 November 1968, following progressive economic decline, the Keïta regime was overthrown in a bloodless military coup led by Moussa Traoré,[18] a day which is now commemorated as Liberation Day. The subsequent military-led regime, with Traoré as president, attempted to reform the economy. However, his efforts were frustrated by political turmoil and a devastating drought between 1968 to 1974,[18] in which famine killed thousands of people.[19] The Traoré regime faced student unrest beginning in the late 1970s and three coup attempts. However, the Traoré regime repressed all dissenters until the late 1980s.[18]
The government continued to attempt economic reforms, and the populace became increasingly dissatisfied.[18] In response to growing demands for multi-party democracy, the Traoré regime allowed some limited political liberalization, but they refused to usher in a full-fledged democratic system.[18] In 1990, cohesive opposition movements began to emerge, and was complicated by the turbulent rise of ethnic violence in the north following the return of many Tuaregs to Mali.[18]
Anti-government protests in 1991 led to a coup, a transitional government, and a new constitution.[18] Opposition to the corrupt and dictatorial regime of General Mousa Traoré grew during the 1980s. During this time, strict programs imposed to satisfy demands of the International Monetary Fund brought increased hardship upon the country's population while elites close to the government supposedly lived in growing wealth. Peaceful student protests in January 1991 were brutally suppressed, with mass arrests and torture of leaders and participants.[citation needed] Scattered acts of rioting and vandalism of public buildings followed, but most actions by the dissidents remained nonviolent.
March Revolution
From 22 March through 26 March 1991, mass pro-democracy rallies and a nationwide strike was held in both urban and rural communities, which became known as les evenements ("the events") or the March Revolution. In Bamako, in response to mass demonstrations organized by university students and later joined by trade unionists and others, soldiers opened fire indiscriminately on the nonviolent demonstrators. Riots broke out briefly following the shootings. Barricades as well as roadblocks were erected and Traoré declared a state of emergency and imposed a nightly curfew. Despite an estimated loss of 300 lives over the course of four days, nonviolent protesters continued to return to Bamako each day demanding the resignation of the dictatorial president and the implementation of democratic policies.[20]
26 March 1991 is the day that marks the clash between military soldiers and peaceful demonstrating students which climaxed in the massacre of dozens under the orders of then President Moussa Traoré. He and three associates were later tried and convicted and received the death sentence for their part in the decision-making of that day. Nowadays, the day is a national holiday in order to remember the tragic events and the people that were killed.[21][unreliable source?] The coup is remembered as Mali's March Revolution of 1991.
By 26 March, the growing refusal of soldiers to fire into the largely nonviolent protesting crowds turned into a full-scale tumult, and resulted into thousands of soldiers putting down their arms and joining the pro-democracy movement. That afternoon, Lieutenant Colonel Amadou Toumani Touré announced on the radio that he had arrested the dictatorial president, Moussa Traoré. As a consequence, opposition parties were legalized and a national congress of civil and political groups met to draft a new democratic constitution to be approved by a national referendum.[20]
Amadou Touré presidency
In 1992, Alpha Oumar Konaré won Mali's first democratic, multi-party presidential election, before being re-elected for a second term in 1997, which was the last allowed under the constitution. In 2002 Amadou Toumani Touré, a retired general who had been the leader of the military aspect of the 1991 democratic uprising, was elected.[22] During this democratic period Mali was regarded as one of the most politically and socially stable countries in Africa.[23]
Slavery persists in Mali today with as many as 200,000 people held in direct servitude to a master.[24] In the Tuareg Rebellion of 2012, ex-slaves were a vulnerable population with reports of some slaves being recaptured by their former masters.[25]
Northern Mali conflict
In January 2012 a Tuareg rebellion began in Northern Mali, led by the National Movement for the Liberation of Azawad.[26] In March, military officer Amadou Sanogo seized power in a coup d'état, citing Touré's failures in quelling the rebellion, and leading to sanctions and an embargo by the Economic Community of West African States.[27] The MNLA quickly took control of the north, declaring independence as Azawad.[28] However, Islamist groups including Ansar Dine and Al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb (AQIM), who had helped the MNLA defeat the government, turned on the Tuareg and took control of the North[29] with the goal of implementing sharia in Mali.[30] On 11 January 2013, the French Armed Forces intervened at the request of Sanogo's government. On 30 January, the coordinated advance of the French and Malian troops claimed to have retaken the last remaining Islamist stronghold of Kidal, which was also the last of three northern provincial capitals.[31] On 2 February, the French President, François Hollande, joined Mali's interim President, Dioncounda Traoré, in a public appearance in recently recaptured Timbuktu.[32]
Mali is a landlocked nation in West Africa, located southwest of Algeria. It lies between latitudes 10° and 25°N, and longitudes 13°W and 5°E.
At 1,242,248 square kilometres (480,000 sq mi), including the disputed region of Azawad, Mali is the world's 24th-largest country and is comparable in size to South Africa or Angola. Most of the country lies in the southern Sahara, which produces a hot, dust-laden Sudanian savanna zone.[33] Mali is mostly flat, rising to rolling northern plains covered by sand. The Adrar des Ifoghas massif lies in the northeast.
The country's climate ranges from tropical in the south to arid in the north.[33] Most of the country receives negligible rainfall; droughts are frequent.[33] Late June to early December is the rainy season. During this time, flooding of the Niger River is common, creating the Inner Niger Delta.[33] The nation has considerable natural resources, with gold, uranium, phosphates, kaolinite, salt and limestone being most widely exploited. Mali is estimated to have in excess of 17,400 tonnes of uranium (measured + indicated + inferred).[34][35] In 2012 a further uranium mineralized north zone was identified.[36] Mali faces numerous environmental challenges, including desertification, deforestation, soil erosion, and inadequate supplies of potable water.[33]
Regions and cercles
Mali is divided into eight regions (régions) and one district.[37] Each region has a governor.[38] Since Mali's regions are very large, the country is subdivided into 49 cercles and 703 communes.[39]
The régions and Capital District are:
Region name | Area (km2) | Population Census 1998 |
Population Census 2009 |
Kayes | 119,743 | 1,374,316 | 1,996,812 |
Koulikoro | 95,848 | 1,570,507 | 2,418,305 |
Bamako Capital District |
252 | 1,016,296 | 1,809,106 |
Sikasso | 70,280 | 1,782,157 | 2,625,919 |
Ségou | 64,821 | 1,675,357 | 2,336,255 |
Mopti | 79,017 | 1,484,601 | 2,037,330 |
Tombouctou (Timbuktu) |
496,611 | 442,619 | 681,691 |
Gao | 170,572 | 341,542 | 544,120 |
Kidal | 151,430 | 38,774 | 67,638 |
Since March 2012, the Malian government has not exercised control over Tombouctou, Gao and Kidal Regions and the north-eastern portion of Mopti Region. On 6 April 2012, the National Movement for the Liberation of Azawad unilaterally declared their secession from Mali as Azawad, an act that neither Mali nor the international community have recognised.[40] The government later regained control over these areas.
Politics and government
Until the military coup of 22 March 2012[12][41] and a second military coup in December 2012.[42] Mali was a constitutional democracy governed by the Constitution of 12 January 1992, which was amended in 1999.[43] The constitution provides for a separation of powers among the executive, legislative, and judicial branches of government.[43] The system of government can be described as "semi-presidential".[43] Executive power is vested in a president, who is elected to a five-year term by universal suffrage and is limited to two terms.[43][44] The president serves as a chief of state and commander in chief of the armed forces.[43][45] A prime minister appointed by the president serves as head of government and in turn appoints the Council of Ministers.[43][46] The unicameral National Assembly is Mali's sole legislative body, consisting of deputies elected to five-year terms.[47][48] Following the 2007 elections, the Alliance for Democracy and Progress held 113 of 160 seats in the assembly.[49] The assembly holds two regular sessions each year, during which it debates and votes on legislation that has been submitted by a member or by the government.[47][50]
Mali's constitution provides for an independent judiciary,[47][51] but the executive continues to exercise influence over the judiciary by virtue of power to appoint judges and oversee both judicial functions and law enforcement.[47] Mali's highest courts are the Supreme Court, which has both judicial and administrative powers, and a separate Constitutional Court that provides judicial review of legislative acts and serves as an election arbiter.[47][52] Various lower courts exist, though village chiefs and elders resolve most local disputes in rural areas.[47]
Foreign relations and military
Mali's foreign policy orientation has become increasingly pragmatic and pro-Western over time.[53] Since the institution of a democratic form of government in 2002, Mali's relations with the West in general and with the United States in particular have improved significantly.[53] Mali has a longstanding yet ambivalent relationship with France, a former colonial ruler.[53] Mali was active in regional organizations such as the African Union until its suspension over the 2012 Malian coup d'état.[53][54] Working to control and resolve regional conflicts, such as in Côte d'Ivoire, Liberia, and Sierra Leone, is one of Mali's major foreign policy goals.[53] Mali feels threatened by the potential for the spillover of conflicts in neighboring states, and relations with those neighbors are often uneasy.[53] General insecurity along borders in the north, including cross-border banditry and terrorism, remain troubling issues in regional relations.[53]
Mali's military forces consist of an army, which includes land forces and air force,[55] as well as the paramilitary Gendarmerie and Republican Guard, all of which are under the control of Mali's Ministry of Defense and Veterans, headed by a civilian.[56] The military is underpaid, poorly equipped, and in need of rationalization.[56] Mali is also a Member state of the United Nations.
The Central Bank of West African States handles the financial affairs of Mali and additional members of the Economic Community of West African States. Mali is one of the poorest countries in the world.[55] The average worker's annual salary is approximately US$1,500.[57] Between 1992 and 1995, Mali implemented an economic adjustment programme that resulted in economic growth and a reduction in financial imbalances. The programme increased social and economic conditions, and led to Mali joining the World Trade Organization on 31 May 1995.[58] Mali is also a member of the Organization for the Harmonization of Business Law in Africa (OHADA).[59] The gross domestic product (GDP) has risen since. In 2002, the GDP amounted to US$3.4 billion,[60] and increased to US$5.8 billion in 2005,[57] which amounts to an approximately 17.6% annual growth rate.
Mali is a part of "French Zone" ( Zone Franc ), which means that it uses CFA franc. Mali is connected with French government by agreement since 1962 (creation of BCEAO). Today all 7 countries of BCEAO (including Mali) are connected to French Central Bank.[61]
Mali's key industry is agriculture. Cotton is the country's largest crop export and is exported west throughout Senegal and Côte d'Ivoire.[62][63] During 2002, 620,000 tons of cotton were produced in Mali but cotton prices declined significantly in 2003.[62][63] In addition to cotton, Mali produces rice, millet, corn, vegetables, tobacco, and tree crops. Gold, livestock and agriculture amount to 80% of Mali's exports.[57] Eighty percent of Malian workers are employed in agriculture while 15% work in the service sector.[63] However, seasonal variations lead to regular temporary unemployment of agricultural workers.[64] Mali's resource in livestock consists of millions of cattle, sheep, and goats. Approximately 40% of Mali's herds were lost during the Sahel drought in 1972–74.[65]
In 1991, with the assistance of the International Development Association, Mali relaxed the enforcement of mining codes which led to renewed foreign interest and investment in the mining industry.[66] Gold is mined in the southern region and Mali has the third highest gold production in Africa (after South Africa and Ghana).[62] The emergence of gold as Mali's leading export product since 1999 has helped mitigate some of the negative impact of the cotton and Côte d'Ivoire crises.[67] Other natural resources include kaolin, salt, phosphate, and limestone.[57]
Electricity and water are maintained by the Energie du Mali, or EDM, and textiles are generated by Industry Textile du Mali, or ITEMA.[57] Mali has made efficient use of hydroelectricity, consisting of over half of Mali's electrical power. In 2002, 700 GWh of hydroelectric power were produced in Mali.[63]
The Malian government participates in foreign involvement, concerning commerce and privatization. Mali underwent economic reform, beginning in 1988 by signing agreements with the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund.[57] During 1988 to 1996, Mali's government largely reformed public enterprises. Since the agreement, sixteen enterprises were privatized, twelve partially privatized, and twenty liquidated.[57] In 2005, the Malian government conceded a railroad company to the Savage Corporation.[57] Two major companies, Societé de Telecommunications du Mali (SOTELMA) and the Cotton Ginning Company (CMDT), were expected to be privatized in 2008.[57]
Transportation and energy
In Mali, there is a railway that connects to bordering countries and approximately 29 airports of which 8 have paved runways. Urban areas are also known for their large quantity of green and white taxicabs. However, a significant sum of the population is dependent on public transportation.
Energie du Mali is an electric company that provides electricity to Mali citizens. However, only 55% of the population in cities have access to EDM.[68]
Public education in Mali is in principle provided free of charge and is compulsory for nine years between the ages of seven and sixteen.[69] The system encompasses six years of primary education beginning at age seven, followed by six years of secondary education.[69] However, Mali's actual primary school enrollment rate is low, in large part because families are unable to cover the cost of uniforms, books, supplies, and other fees required to attend.[69] In the 2000–01 school year, the primary school enrollment rate was 61% (71% of males and 51% of females); in the late 1990s, the secondary school enrollment rate was 15% (20% of males and 10% of females).[69] The education system is plagued by a lack of schools in rural areas, as well as shortages of teachers and materials.[69] Estimates of literacy rates in Mali range from 27–30% to 46.4%, with literacy rates significantly lower among women than men.[69] The University of Bamako, which includes four constituent universities, is the largest university in the country and enrolls approximately 60,000 undergraduate and graduate students.[70]
Mali faces numerous health challenges related to poverty, malnutrition, and inadequate hygiene and sanitation.[69] Mali's health and development indicators rank among the worst in the world.[69] Life expectancy at birth is estimated to be 53.06 years in 2012.[71] In 2000, only 62–65% of the population was estimated to have access to safe drinking water and only 69% to sanitation services of some kind.[69] In 2001, the general government expenditures on health totaled about US$4 per capita at an average exchange rate.[72] Medical facilities in Mali are very limited, and medicines are in short supply.[72] Malaria and other arthropod-borne diseases are prevalent in Mali, as are a number of infectious diseases such as cholera and tuberculosis.[72] Mali's population also suffers from a high rate of child malnutrition and a low rate of immunization.[72] An estimated 1.9% of the adult and children population was afflicted with HIV/AIDS that year, among the lowest rates in Sub-Saharan Africa.[72] An estimated 85 – 91% of Mali's girls and women have had female genital mutilation (2006 & 2001 data).[73][74]
In July 2009, Mali's population was an estimated 14.5 million. The population is predominantly rural (68% in 2002), and 5–10% of Malians are nomadic.[75] More than 90% of the population lives in the southern part of the country, especially in Bamako, which has over 1 million residents.[75]
In 2007, about 48% of Malians were less than fifteen years old, 49% were 15–64 years old, and 3% were 65 and older.[55] The median age was 15.9 years.[55] The birth rate in 2012 was 45.2 births per 1,000, and the total fertility rate was 6.4 children per woman.[55] The death rate in 2007 was 16.5 deaths per 1,000.[55] Life expectancy at birth was 53.06 years total (51.43 for males and 54.73 for females).[55] Mali has one of the world's highest rates of infant mortality,[75] with 106 deaths per 1,000 live births in 2007.[55]
Race and ethnicity
Mali's population encompasses a number of sub-Saharan ethnic groups. The Bambara (Bambara: Bamanankaw) are by far the largest single ethnic group, making up 36.5% of the population.[75] About 80% of Mali's population can communicate in Bambara, which is the country's principal lingua franca.[75] Mali's official language is French, but numerous (40 or more) African languages also are widely used by the various ethnic groups.[75]
Collectively, the Bambara, Soninké, Khassonké, and Malinké (also called Mandinka), all part of the broader Mandé group, constitute 50% of Mali's population.[55] Other significant groups are the Fula (French: Peul; Fula: Fulɓe) (17%), Voltaic (12%), Songhai (6%), and Tuareg and Moor (10%).[55] Over the past 40 years, persistent drought has forced many Tuareg to give up their nomadic way of life.[76]
As in all Sahel states, there is a strong division of race between the lighter-skinned Arab-Berber populations of the north, and the black populations of the south, due the historical importance of the slave trade in the spread of Islam in the region. An estimated 800,000 people in Mali are descended from slaves.[24] Slavery in Mali has persisted for centuries.[77] The Arab-Berber population kept black slaves well into the 20th century, until slavery was repressed by the French authorities around the mid-20th century, and there still persist certain hereditary servitude relationships,[78][79] and according to some estimates, even today approximately 200,000 Malians are still enslaved.[80] As a result, there remain racial tensions between the "black" (sub-Saharan) and "white" (Arab-Berber) groups, especially between the Songhai and the Tuareg.[75] Due to a backlash against the northern ("white") population after independence, Mali is now in a situation where both groups complain about racial discrimination on the part of the other group.[81] This racial conflict also plays a role in the continuing conflict.[82]
Islam was introduced to West Africa in the 11th century and remains the predominant religion in much of the region. An estimated 90% of Malians are Muslim (mostly Sunni and Sufi), approximately 5% are Christian (about two-thirds Roman Catholic and one-third Protestant) and the remaining 5% adhere to indigenous or traditional animist beliefs.[83] Atheism and agnosticism are believed to be rare among Malians, most of whom practice their religion on a daily basis.[69]
The constitution establishes a secular state and provides for freedom of religion, and the government largely respects this right.[69]
Islam as practiced in Mali before 2012 was moderate, tolerant, and adapted to local conditions; relations between Muslims and practitioners of minority religious faiths were generally amicable.[69] Since the 2012 imposition of sharia rule in northern parts of the country however, Mali was listed high (number 7) in the Christian persecution index published by Open Doors which described the persecution in the north as severe.[84][85]
Culture and sport
Malian musical traditions are derived from the griots, who are known as "Keepers of Memories".[86] Malian music is diverse and has several different genres. Some famous Malian influences in music are kora virtouso musician Toumani Diabaté, the late roots and blues guitarist Ali Farka Touré, the Tuareg band Tinariwen, and several Afro-pop artists such as Salif Keita, the duo Amadou et Mariam, Oumou Sangare, and Habib Koité. Dance also plays a large role in Malian culture.[87] Dance parties are common events among friends, and traditional mask dances are performed at ceremonial events.[87]
Though Mali's literature is less famous than its music,[88] Mali has always been one of Africa's liveliest intellectual centers.[89] Mali's literary tradition is passed mainly by word of mouth, with jalis reciting or singing histories and stories known by heart.[89][90] Amadou Hampâté Bâ, Mali's best-known historian, spent much of his life writing these oral traditions down for the world to remember.[90] The best-known novel by a Malian writer is Yambo Ouologuem's Le devoir de violence, which won the 1968 Prix Renaudot but whose legacy was marred by accusations of plagiarism.[89][90] Other well-known Malian writers include Baba Traoré, Modibo Sounkalo Keita, Massa Makan Diabaté, Moussa Konaté, and Fily Dabo Sissoko.[89][90]
The varied everyday culture of Malians reflects the country's ethnic and geographic diversity.[91] Most Malians wear flowing, colorful robes called boubous that are typical of West Africa. Malians frequently participate in traditional festivals, dances, and ceremonies.[91] Rice and millet are the staples of Malian cuisine, which is heavily based on cereal grains.[92][93] Grains are generally prepared with sauces made from leaves such spinach or baobab leaves, with tomato, or with peanut sauce, and may be accompanied by pieces of grilled meat (typically chicken, mutton, beef, or goat).[92][93] Malian cuisine varies regionally.[92][93]
In Mali, there are several newspapers such as Les Echos, L'Essor, Info Matin, Nouvel Horizon, and Le Républicain.[94] The Telecommunications in Mali include 869,600 mobile phones, 45,000 televisions and 414,985 internet users.[citation needed]
The most popular sport in Mali is football (soccer),[95][96] which became more prominent after Mali hosted the 2002 African Cup of Nations.[95][97] Most towns have regular games;[97] the most popular teams nationally are Djoliba AC, Stade Malien, and Real Bamako, all based in the capital.[96] Informal games are often played by youths using a bundle of rags as a ball.[96] Basketball is another major sport;[96][98] the Mali women's national basketball team, led by Hamchetou Maiga, competed at the 2008 Beijing Olympics.[99] Traditional wrestling (la lutte) is also somewhat common, though popularity has declined in recent years.[97] The game wari, a mancala variant, is a common pastime.[96]
See also
- ^ Presidency of Mali: Symboles de la République, L'Hymne National du Mali. Koulouba.pr.ml. Retrieved on 4 May 2012.
- ^ "Mali preliminary 2009 census". Institut National de la Statistique. Retrieved 12 January 2010.
- ^ a b c d "Mali". International Monetary Fund. Retrieved 17 April 2013.
- ^ "Gini Index". World Bank. Retrieved 2 March 2011.
- ^ Which side of the road do they drive on? Brian Lucas. August 2005. Retrieved 28 January 2009.
- ^ Mali gold reserves rise in 2011 alongside price Retrieved on 17 January 2013
- ^ Human Development Indices, Table 3: Human and income poverty, p. 35. Retrieved on 1 June 2009
- ^ Topics. MuslimHeritage.com (5 June 2003). Retrieved on 8 October 2012.
- ^ Sankore University. Muslimmuseum.org. Retrieved on 8 October 2012.
- ^ Mali Empire (ca. 1200- ) | The Black Past: Remembered and Reclaimed. The Black Past. Retrieved on 8 October 2012.
- ^ Lydia Polgreen and Alan Cowell, "Mali Rebels Proclaim Independent State in North", "New York Times" (6 April 2012)
- ^ a b UN Security council condemns Mali coup. Telegraph (23 March 2012). Retrieved on 24 March 2013.
- ^ "Mali – la France a mené une série de raids contre les islamistes". Le Monde. 12 January 2013. Retrieved 13 January 2013.
- ^ a b c Mali country profile, p. 1.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Mali country profile. Mali was later responsible for the collapse of Islamic Slave Army from the North. The defeat of Tukuror Slave Army, was repeated by Mali against the France and Spanish Expeditoionary Army in 1800s ("Blanc et memoires"). . p. 2.
- ^ John Iliffe (2007) Africans: the history of a continent. Cambridge University Press. p. 69. ISBN 0-521-68297-5
- ^ Core document forming part of the reports of states parties : Mali. United Nations Human Rights Website.
- ^ a b c d e f g Mali country profile, p. 3.
- ^ "Mali's nomads face famine". BBC News. 9 August 2005.
- ^ a b Nesbitt, Katherine. "Mali's March Revolution (1991)". International Center on Nonviolent Conflict. Retrieved 1 March 2012.
- ^ Bussa, Edward. "Mali's March to Democracy". www.threadster.com. Retrieved 1 March 2012.
- ^ Mali country profile, p. 4.
- ^ USAID Africa: Mali. USAID. Last accessed: 15 May 2008. Retrieved on: 3 June 2008.
- ^ a b Tran, Mark (23 October 2012). "Mali conflict puts freedom of 'slave descendants' in peril". The Guardian. Retrieved 24 November 2012.
- ^ York, Geoffrey (11 November 2012). "Mali chaos gives rise to slavery, persecution". The Globe and Mail.
- ^ Mali clashes force 120 000 from homes. News24 (22 February 2012). Retrieved on: 23 February 2012.
- ^ Callimachi, Rukmini (3 April 2012) Post-coup Mali hit with sanctions by African neighbours. The Associated Press via Theglobeandmail.com. Retrieved on 4 May 2012.
- ^ "Tuareg rebels declare independence in north Mali". France 24. 6 April 2012. Retrieved 28 July 2012.
- ^ "Islamists declare full control of Mali's north". Reuters. 28 June 2012. Retrieved 28 July 2012.
- ^ "Mali Islamists want sharia not independence". AFP (Google News). 20 June 2012. Retrieved 28 July 2012.
- ^ "French Troops Retake Kidal Airport, Move Into City". 2013. Retrieved 30 January 2013. French troops retake the last remaining Islamist urban stronghold in Mali.
- ^ "Mali conflict: Timbuktu hails French President Hollande". BBC News. 2 February 2013. Retrieved 4 February 2013.
- ^ a b c d e Mali country profile, p. 5.
- ^ Uranium Mine Ownership – Africa. Wise-uranium.org. Retrieved on 24 March 2013.
- ^ Muller, CJ and Umpire, A (22 November 2012) An Independent Technical Report on the Mineral Resources of Falea Uranium, Copper and Silver Deposit, Mali, West Africa. Minxcon.
- ^ Uranium in Africa. World-nuclear.org. Retrieved on 24 March 2013.
- ^ Martin, Phillip L. (2006). Managing Migration: The Promise of Cooperation. Lanham, Maryland: Lexington Books. p. 134. ISBN 978-0-7391-1341-7.
- ^ DiPiazza, p. 37.
- ^ Loi N°99-035/ Du 10 Aout 1999 Portant Creation des Collectivites Territoriales de Cercles et de Regions (in French), Ministère de l'Administration Territoriales et des Collectivités Locales, République du Mali, 1999
- ^ "Tuareg rebels declare the independence of Azawad, north of Mali". Al Arabiya. 6 April 2012. Retrieved 6 April 2012.
- ^ Video: US condemns Mali coup amid reports of looting. Telegraph (22 March 2012). Retrieved on 24 March 2013.
- ^ Hossiter, Adam (12 December 2012) Mali's Prime Minister Resigns After Arrest, Muddling Plans to Retake North. The New York Times
- ^ a b c d e f Mali country profile, p. 14.
- ^ Constitution of Mali, Art. 30.
- ^ Constitution of Mali, Art. 29 & 46.
- ^ Constitution of Mali, Art. 38.
- ^ a b c d e f Mali country profile, p. 15.
- ^ Constitution of Mali, Art. 59 & 61.
- ^ (French) Koné, Denis. Mali: "Résultats définitifs des Législatives". Les Echos (Bamako) (13 August 2007). Retrieved on 24 June 2008.
- ^ Constitution of Mali, Art. 65.
- ^ Constitution of Mali, Art. 81.
- ^ Constitution of Mali, Art. 83–94.
- ^ a b c d e f g Mali country profile, p. 17.
- ^ "ion suspends Mali over coup". Aljazeera. 23 March 2012. Retrieved 23 March 2012.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Central Intelligence Agency (2009). "Mali". The World Factbook. Retrieved 12 January 2010.
- ^ a b Mali country profile, p. 18.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i "Mali". U.S. State Department. May 2008. Retrieved 4 June 2008.
- ^ Mali and the WTO. World Trade Organization. Retrieved on 24 March 2013.
- ^ "OHADA.com: The business law portal in Africa". Retrieved 22 March 2009.
- ^ Mali country profile, p. 9.
- ^ Zone franc sur le site de la Banque de France. Banque-france.fr. Retrieved on 24 March 2013.
- ^ a b c Hale, Briony (13 May 1998). "Mali's Golden Hope". BBC News (BBC). Retrieved 4 June 2008.
- ^ a b c d Cavendish, Marshall (2007). World and Its Peoples: Middle East, Western Asia, and Northern Africa. Tarrytown, New York: Marshall Cavendish. p. 1367. ISBN 978-0-7614-7571-2.
- ^ May, Jacques Meyer (1968). The Ecology of Malnutrition in the French Speaking Countries of West Africa and Madagascar. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company. p. 291. ISBN 978-0-02-848960-5.
- ^ "Mali". U.S. Department of State.
- ^ Campbell, Bonnie (2004). Regulating Mining in Africa: For Whose Benefit?. Uppsala, Sweden: Nordic African Institute. p. 43. ISBN 978-0-7614-7571-2.
- ^ African Development Bank, p. 186.
- ^ Farvacque-Vitkovic, Catherine et al. (September 2007) DEVELOPMENT OF THE CITIES OF MALI — Challenges and Priorities. Africa Region Working Paper Series No. 104/a. worldbank.org
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Mali country profile, p. 7.
- ^ "Université de Bamako – Bamako, Mali". Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine. Retrieved July 8, 2013.
- ^ CIA World Factbook: Life Expectancy ranks
- ^ a b c d e Mali country profile, p. 8.
- ^ WHO | Female genital mutilation and other harmful practices. Who.int (6 May 2011). Retrieved on 4 May 2012.
- ^ Female genital cutting in the Demographic Health Surveys: a critical and comparative analysis. Calverton, MD: ORC Marco; 2004 (DHS Comparative Reports No. 7). (PDF) . Retrieved on 18 January 2013.
- ^ a b c d e f g Mali country profile, p. 6.
- ^ "Drought Forces Desert Nomads to Settle Down". NPR: National Public Radio. 2 July 2007.
- ^ Fortin, Jacey (16 January 2013). "Mali's Other Crisis: Slavery Still Plagues Mali, And Insurgency Could Make It Worse". International Business Times.
- ^ "Kayaking to Timbuktu, Writer Sees Slave Trade". National Geographic News. 5 December 2002.
- ^ "Kayaking to Timbuktu, Original National Geographic Adventure Article discussing Slavery in Mali". National Geographic Adventure. December 2002/January 2003.
- ^ MacInnes-Rae, Rick (26 November 2012). "Al-Qaeda complicating anti-slavery drive in Mali". CBC News.
- ^ Bruce S. Hall, A History of Race in Muslim West Africa, 1600–1960. Cambridge University Press, 2011, ISBN 9781107002876: "The mobilization of local ideas about racial difference has been important in generating, and intensifying, civil wars that have occurred since the end of colonial rule in all of the countries that straddle the southern edge of the Sahara Desert. [...] contemporary conflicts often hearken back to an older history in which blackness could be equated with slavery and non-blackness with predatory and uncivilized banditry." (cover text)
- ^ see e.g. Mali's conflict and a 'war over skin colour', Afua Hirsch, guardian.co.uk, Friday 6 July 2012.
- ^ a b International Religious Freedom Report 2008: Mali. State.gov (19 September 2008). Retrieved on 4 May 2012.
- ^ Report points to 100 million persecuted Christians. Retrieved on 10 Jan 2013.
- ^ OPEN DOORS World Watch list 2012. Worldwatchlist.us. Retrieved on 24 March 2013.
- ^ Crabill, Michelle and Tiso, Bruce (January 2003). Mali Resource Website. Fairfax County Public Schools. Retrieved on 4 June 2008.
- ^ a b "Music". Embassy of the Republic of Mali in Japan. Retrieved July 8, 2013.
- ^ Velton, p. 29.
- ^ a b c d Milet, p. 128.
- ^ a b c d Velton, p. 28.
- ^ a b Pye-Smith, Charlie & Rhéal Drisdelle. Mali: A Prospect of Peace? Oxfam (1997). ISBN 0-85598-334-5, p. 13.
- ^ a b c Velton, p. 30.
- ^ a b c Milet, p. 146.
- ^ Murison, Katharine, ed. (2002). Africa South of the Sahara 2003. Taylor & Francis. pp. 652–53. ISBN 978-1-85743-131-5.
- ^ a b Milet, p. 151.
- ^ a b c d e DiPiazza, p. 55.
- ^ a b c Hudgens, Jim, Richard Trillo, and Nathalie Calonnec. The Rough Guide to West Africa. Rough Guides (2003). ISBN 1-84353-118-6, p. 320.
- ^ "Malian Men Basketball". Africabasket.com. Retrieved 3 June 2008.
- ^ Chitunda, Julio. "Ruiz looks to strengthen Mali roster ahead of Beijing". FIBA.com (13 March 2008). Retrieved 24 June 2008.
- "Constitution of Mali" (in French). A student-translated English version is also available.
- DiPiazza, Francesca Davis (2006). Mali in Pictures. Minneapolis, Minnesota: Learner Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-8225-6591-8.
- "Mali country profile". Library of Congress Federal Research Division. January 2005. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
- Milet, Eric and Manaud, Jean-Luc (2007). Mali (in French). Editions Olizane. ISBN ISBN 2-88086-351-1.
- Velton, Ross (2004). Mali. Bradt Travel Guides. ISBN 1-84162-077-7.
External links
Find more about Mali at Wikipedia's sister projects | |
Definitions and translations from Wiktionary | |
Media from Commons | |
Learning resources from Wikiversity | |
Quotations from Wikiquote | |
Source texts from Wikisource | |
Textbooks from Wikibooks |
- Official website
- Mali entry at The World Factbook
- Mali from UCB Libraries GovPubs
- Mali at the Open Directory Project
- Mali profile from the BBC News
- Wikimedia Atlas of Mali
- Mali travel guide from Wikivoyage
- Mali
- Countries in Africa
- Former French colonies
- French-speaking countries and territories
- Landlocked countries
- Least developed countries
- Liberal democracies
- Member states of La Francophonie
- Member states of the African Union
- Member states of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation
- Member states of the United Nations
- Republics
- States and territories established in 1960
- West African countries


text:
For the price, this room was a big disappointment. Everything worked ok, but wow it needs refurbishment in a big way. The bed was lumpy and the coverings looked like they hadn't been updated in years. And the carpet was old and creepy; I couldn't bring myself to go barefoot, The food wasn't bad, particularly the breakfast pastries. Otherwise, not... More
- Also Known As:
- Hostellerie Le Roy Soleil Menerbes
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
Microsoft hopes tablet slows Apple, experts say
Microsoft wanted some Apple mojo.
That's the consensus of analysts and online pundits as to why the software giant threw a secretive event in Hollywood on Monday.
The flashy event with CEO Steve Ballmer was staged to boost its Surface tablet computers — minus a release date or pricing information.
"They wanted to make a splash," says Brian Marshall, an analyst with ISI Group. "They wanted to pull some momentum away from Apple."
The Microsoft Surface is the Windows software maker's take on the tablet, a market Apple dominates.
Big differences: The Surface is a touch-screen tablet with computing power and peripherals. Unlike the iPad, the Surface has a USB port and supports Flash software. The detachable cover for the Surface doubles as a keyboard.
And the "Pro" version of the Surface will run such powerful software as Adobe Photoshop and is expected to fetch $1,000, Marshall says.
Was Microsoft successful in what it was trying to achieve?
Investors liked what they saw: The stock rose 86 cents, or 2.9%, to close at $30.70 on Tuesday.
But analysts weren't overwhelmed.
Microsoft has a large base of 1 billion consumers who use Windows PCs in their work, Marshall says.
"But by and large, it won't be able to dent the growth dynamics of Apple."
Apple doesn't need worry, says Charles Wolf, an analyst with Needham & Co.
"If it (Microsoft) achieves some success, it will most likely cut into Android's pitiful share of the tablet market rather than iPads, which invented and own this market."
The Apple playbook is to announce products that are either available that day, or within weeks, and give pricing. Why would Microsoft trumpet a new product that's only rumored to be available in October?
One reason: To plug Windows 8, the coming upgrade to its operating system, which could be losing steam as more consumers turn away from computers to tablets.
"It wanted to show other manufacturers what could be done with tablets, and to get them on board," says Al Hilwa, an analyst with IDC.
Posted | Updated


text:
We were very disappointed in the entire stay. Front desk personnel came to the desk in shorts and a t-shirt. The room did smell pleasant when we entered but everything went down hill from there. Carpet was stained and a bit crunchy to walk on. Lamp shades were torn and falling off the lamps. Couch was stained/dirty. Towels were dingy... More
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text:
Single Article Purchase: Alzheimer's Disease in the Community Larson EB. JAMA. 1989;262(18):2591-2592. Published online November 10, 1989
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LEGO LEGO Legends of Chima 70002 - Lennoxs Lion Attack
What are you going to do now that Crug is after the CHI powering the mighty Lion Attack vehicle? Catch him with the all-wheel drive and then help brave Lennox deploy the big claw attack. Load up the rapid-fire disc shooter and send that CHI...-swiping scavenger back to the swamp where he came from! Includes 2 minifigures and one weapon. Manufacturer's Suggested Age: 7 Years and Up Includes: Toy Building Components Number of Pieces: 230 Material: Plastic Educational Focus: Creative Thinking Languages: Spanish, French, English Dimensions: 2.4 " H x 7.52 " W x 10.3 " L Product Weight: 0.78 Lb. Care and Cleaning: Wipe Clean With a Dry Cloth Battery: no battery used Release Date: December 30, 2012 see shipping and returns review this item Read More
Product Description WARNING Choke Hazard - Contains Small Balls Choke Hazard - Contains Small Parts Have a whale of a time at Glov...e World Amusement Park! SpongeBob and his friends cheer and giggle as they enter Glove World Amusement Park, their favorite place to play! As they wait for the amazing ride to start, they realize that eating a giant ice cream before getting on maybe wasn't the best idea after all! 169 elements. Features SpongeBob, Patrick and Sandy minifigures Set includes ride, ice cream shop and ticket stand Fish Vendor also included if(isI18NConvReq()){ $("#desc a").hide(); } This product is:Available for Gift Wrap Added on July 14, 2011 Read More
Don't forget to gas up before you speed away. Stop in at the shop for goodies too. LEGO DUPLO My First Gas Station has everything ...you need for your first road trip. 45-piece DUPLO set is perfect for little hands. Comes with car, motorcycle, 2 figures, and more! Hit the road with your imagination running. Manufacturer's Suggested Age: 2 Years and Up Includes: Toy Building Components Number of Pieces: 45 Material: Plastic Educational Focus: Creative Thinking Languages: French, English, Spanish Dimensions: 3.7 " H x 10.31 " W x 15.0 " L Product Weight: 2.0 Lb. Care and Cleaning: Wipe Clean With a Dry Cloth see shipping and returns guest rating overall 5 of 5 stars Entertaining 5 of 5 stars Value 5 of 5 stars Quality 5 of 5 stars see guest reviews Read More
The Lord of the Rings Uruk-hai Army LEGO set is an absolute boredom buster and imagination booster for your child. Building the fo...rtress piece by piece and positioning for battle the 6 famous minifigures from the trilogy will take some creative thinking on his or her part. Your little hero can then help the people of Rohan defend the besieged fortress from the evil Uruk-hai Army. Manufacturer's Suggested Age: 10 Years and Up Includes: Toy Building Components Number of Pieces: 257 Material: Plastic Educational Focus: Creative Thinking Languages: French, English, Spanish Dimensions: 2.52 " H x 10.31 " W x 11.1 " L Product Weight: 0.94 Lb. Care and Cleaning: Wipe Clean With a Dry Cloth Battery: no battery used Release Date: May 10, 2012 see shipping and returns guest rating overall 4.5 of 5 stars Entertaining 3.5 of 5 stars Value 4 of 5 stars Quality 5 of 5 stars see guest reviews Read More
Immerse yourself in the world of Minecraft by building it from the ground up with a LEGO set. You can even build Steve and Creeper... to accompany you on your adventures. Instructions are included, so you can build this world to look exactly as it does in the game. Or you can use your imagination to create your own design. Manufacturer's Suggested Age: 10 Years and Up Includes: Toy Building Components Number of Pieces: 480 Material: Plastic Educational Focus: Creative Thinking Languages: French, English, Spanish Interacts With: Computer Dimensions: 4.8 " H x 5.55 " W x 4.8 " L Product Weight: 0.78 Lb. Care and Cleaning: Wipe Clean With a Dry Cloth see shipping and returns guest rating overall 4.5 of 5 stars Entertaining 5 of 5 stars Value 5 of 5 stars Quality 5 of 5 stars see guest reviews Read More
Count down the days to Christmas with the Lego Star Wars Advent Calendar. The force will be with you during the holiday season as ...you open a window every day to reveal 24 different Star Wars-themed gifts to build, including iconic star ships, 6 minifigures, 3 droids and accessories. An exclusive Jingo Fett minigfigure is also included. CHOKING HAZARD: small pieces. Ages 7 and up. Manufacturer's Suggested Age: 7 Years and UpIncludes: Toy Building ComponentsNumber of Pieces: 254 Material: PlasticEducational Focus: Creative ThinkingLanguages: French, English, SpanishDimensions: 2.78 " H x 10.31 " W x 15.04 " L Product Weight: 0.81 Lb.Care and Cleaning: Wipe Clean With a Dry ClothBattery: no battery usedsee shipping and returnsreview this item Read More
Bring your architectural creations to life in LEGO� form with LEGO Architecture Studio. In this amazing set you get over 1200 LEGO... bricks and an inspirational guidebook filled with 272 pages of tips, techniques, , and intuitive hands-on exercises endorsed by leading design houses. LEGO Architecture Studio gives you everything you need to create your very own unique buildings. Let your imagination guide your design! Manufacturer's Suggested Age: 16 Years and UpNumber of Pieces: 1210 Material: PlasticEducational Focus: Creative ThinkingLanguages: Spanish, English, FrenchDimensions: 13.94 " H x 7.52 " W x 7.52 " L Product Weight: 6.04 Lb.Battery: no battery usedAssembly Details: no assembly requiredRelease Date: August 1, 2013 see shipping and returnsreview this item Read More
Keep the wheels of commerce turning with the authentic Town Hall! Build the authentic 3-storey Town Hall! This highly detailed mod...el features large entranceway columns, a coat of arms, a tall bell tower with clock and a large skylight that lets you see inside! On the ground floor, the large hall, tax office and auditorium have everything you need to run the town. Take the working elevator up to the secretary and mayor?s offices on the second floor, realistically furnished with desks, chairs, paintings and even a frog sculpture. Hold a meeting and address the town?s citizens at the podium! On the third floor, a spacious meeting room features a large conference table, chairs, globe and plants. Includes 8 minifigures: mayor, secretary, bride and groom, press woman, janitor and 2 children. Includes 8 minifigures: mayor, secretary, bride and groom, press woman, janitor and 2 children Accessories include a painting, desks, chairs, sculpture, lamp, conference table, globe, plants and bench Functioning elevator features space for 2 minifigures and ladder access to roof Bell tower features bench and maintenance ladder Roof features skylight with view of inside the building Address the citizens from the balcony! Collect and build an entire town with the LEGO� Modular Buildings collection: 10211 Grand Emporium, 10218 Pet Shop and 10197 Fire Brigade Measures 10? (25.5cm) wide and 20? (50cm) high Read More
Blast back to 1962 and cruise into psychedelic style! This authentic camper van is a replica of the classic Volkswagen Camper Van ...from 1962. Every iconic feature is here! On the outside, the terrific detailing includes 'V' shape three-way color split at the front, rounded roof and window frames, opening 'splittie' safari windshield, opening doors, iconic pop-up roof with textile curtain surround, roof rack, rear side air intake vents and lots more! The detailing is equally impressive on the inside, from the authentic VW air-cooled flat four cylinder boxer engine, front cabin bench seat, gear stick, angled dashboard and iconic spherical speedometer, to custom LEGO� features like folding rear bench seat, folding dinette table, closet with mirror and even a painting! Features 11 windows, authentic plaid-print textile curtains and wing mirror! Rear door opens to reveal detailed engine! Interior also features rear bench seat that transforms into a bed, ?Make LEGO Models, Not War? T-shirt and rear shelf with plant! Measures 11.8 inches (30cm) long and 5.5 inches (14cm) high! As seen in Men?s Journal November 2011 What?s New section Read More
It's always busy at the City Garage! The 3-story City Garage is always full of busy drivers tending to their cars! Ride the elevat...or and buy a ticket and to park! Then help the security guard to keep a lookout for robbers. Drive out of the garage to take your car through the carwash and make it sparkle, fill it up with fuel or tow it to the workshop where the mechanic can repair it! The City Garage has tons of ways to play with your LEGO� City vehicles! Includes 5 minifigures: 3 drivers, security guard and mechanic. ? Includes 5 minifigures: 3 drivers, security guard and mechanic? Also includes City Garage, tow truck with winch and 3 cars? City Garage features working elevator with space for 1car, 5 parking bays, moving entrance barrier, surveillance camera, carwash with textured brushes, security office with computer and cup, ticket dispensers, fuel station with movable pumps and mechanic workshop with spare wheels, tools, broom and fire extinguisher? Also includes LEGO� brick separator!? Operate the elevator!? Buy a ticket to park!? Make your car sparkle at the carwash!? Fill up with fuel!? Hook the cars onto the tow truck and get them repaired!? Measures over 14? (37cm) high, 14? (38cm) wide and 4? (12cm) deep? Fuel pumps measure over 3? (9cm) high, 3? (8cm) wide and 1? (3cm) deep? Orange pickup truck measures over 1? (5cm) high, 1? (5cm) wide and 4? (11cm) long? Yellow car measures over 2? (6cm) high, 1? (5cm) wide and 4? (11cm) long? Blue car measures over 1? (4cm) high, 1? (4cm) wide and 4? (11cm) long? Camper measures over 1? (5cm) high, 1? (4cm) wide and 4? (11cm) long Read More
He?ll guard the galaxy ? and your keys! Imperial Stormtroopers never question their orders, so when you tell this one to protect y...our keys, you know he?ll get the job done. Read More
Stay cozy on chilly nights with Threshold's Microplush Blanket. Made from ultra-soft microplush, this fleece blanket will leave yo...u in utter luxury. This lovable blanket comes in standard bedding sizes and an array of versatile colors, so you're sure to find one that matches your bedroom decor. Machine washable. Number of Pieces: 1 Weave Type: Micro PlushFabric Weight: Year-Round Fabric ConstructionFiber Content: 100 % PolyesterDimensions: 90.0 " L x 90.0 " W Care and Cleaning: Machine wash, gentle or delicate, Non chlorine bleach when needed, Tumble dry, normal, Do not iron, Do not dry cleansee shipping and returnsguest rating overall3.5 of 5 stars Quality3.5 of 5 stars Comfort4 of 5 stars see guest reviews Read More
Little sleepy heads will be among the clouds when they nuzzle into the softness of this 225-thread count sheet set. Sea blue/mint ...color with white outlines of fluffly clouds are printed all over. Pair these 4-pc. kids' sheet sets (one flat sheet, one fitted sheet, and two pillowcases) with the rest of the Circo� Head in the Clouds Collection for a room that's perfect for tiny dreamers. Patterned sheet sets available in twin or full sizes. Machine washable. Thread Count: 225Fits Mattresses: Up to 15" DeepSheet : All Around Elastic on Fitted SheetWeave Type: PercaleDecorative Accents: Printed DesignFiber Content: 60 % Cotton, 40 % PolyesterCare and Cleaning: Machine wash, gentle or delicate, Non chlorine bleach when needed, Tumble dry, normal, low heatsee shipping and returnsreview this item Read More
Light up your home for a festive holiday with this dew drop pine tree by Seasonal Specialties. Its 400 pre-lit bulbs in red, clear... and green colors will add sparkle and fun to any room. The tree is flame resistant for additional protection. Includes: Light Bulbs, Tree Stand: Natural Look, Indoor, Pre-LitDecorative Accents: Faux Water DropsPlant Variety: PinePlant Shape: TriangleFaux Floral Material: PVC, IronNumber of Tree Tips: 961 Light Bulb Color: Red, Clear, GreenLight Bulb Count: 400 Light Bulb Type: MiniPower Source: ElectricDimensions: 7.0 ' H x 50.0 " W x 50.0 " D x 21.5 " W x 21.5 " L Weight: 39.16 Lb.Battery: no battery usedAssembly Details: assembly requiredHome Accessory Placement: Floor, Groundsee shipping and returnsguest rating overall1 of 5 stars Style3 of 5 stars Quality1 of 5 stars Value1 of 5 stars see guest reviews Read More
Wish your entire neighborhood a joyous holiday season with this battery-operated LED sign that proclaims "Merry Christmas." The si...gn comes with hooks, so it's simple to hang anywhere you want. The included timer lets you control when it turns on or off. Number of Pieces: 2 Includes: Lights, Hooks: Lit, TimerOperational Modes: LightsPower Source: Battery-PoweredMaterial: Plastic, MetalItem Type: Seasonal Window DecorationBattery: Required, not included: 3 alkaline AAHome Accessory Placement: WindowDimensions: 12.0 " H x 18.0 " W Quantity: 1see shipping and returnsreview this item Read More
Give your nursery a fun and personalized touch with these My Baby Sam wall letters. Several hand painted polka dotted letters can ...be used to spell your childs name and hung on a door or wall. Made of wood, these home d�cor accents come with a built-in hook for hanging. Available in a variety of colors. Includes: Hook: IndoorDecorative Accents: Hand PaintedMaterial: Wood CompositeWood Finish: PaintedFinish: PaintedDimensions: 8.0 " H x 4.0 " W x 0.2 " Dsee shipping and returnsreview this item Read More
Get in the Halloween spirit with this LED Glitter String Ghost from Philips. This cheerful decoration a friendly, bow-tie-sportin...g ghost, complete with his own trick-or-treat bucket. He's lit with 35 white LED lights. Display it indoors or outside. It comes with a 5' power cord, ground stake and an A/C adaptor. Some assembly is required; no tools are necessary. Number of Pieces: 1 Bulb Type: LEDFeatures: Outdoor, IndoorIncludes: AC Adaptor, Ground StakeWarranty Description: 3 Year Limited Manufacturer WarrantyBattery: no battery usedsee shipping and returnsreview this item Read More
Give your tree a full body makeover with the 40-Piece Traditional Fashion Pack Ornament Set in Red/Gold. This awesome Christmas de...coration kit an assortment of gorgeous ornaments in all shapes and sizes, along with strings of bead garland for even more cheer. Some pieces are shiny, some glittery, some matte all are delightfully festive in their classic Yuletide color combo. A magnificent mix of holiday supplies! Number of Pieces: 40 Includes: OrnamentsFeatures: IndoorMaterial: Polyethylene, Polystyrene, PolyesterFinish: Smooth, Textured, ShinyItem Type: Ornament SetBattery: no battery usedAssembly Details: no assembly requiredDimensions: 70.0 mm. H x 70.0 mm. W x 70.0 mm. D , 70.0 mm. H x 70.0 mm. W 180.0 mm. H x 40.0 mm. W x 70.0 mm. D , 9.0 ' W , 30.0 mm. H ; x 30.0 mm. W ; x 30.0 mm. D Quantity: 16 , 16 , 6 , 2 , 4see shipping and returnsguest rating overall5 of 5 stars Style5 of 5 stars Value5 of 5 stars Quality5 of 5 stars see guest reviews Read More
Your little one will have even more fun waiting for Santa when she can do it with her favorite Disney Princess. This blue and whit...e Christmas stocking a smiling Cinderella surrounded by sparkling snowflakes. At eighteen inches long and ten inches wide, it's the perfect size for stashing toys, treats and other Christmas loot. Number of Pieces: 1 Features: IndoorMaterial: FabricDimensions: 18.0 " H x 10.0 " W Item Type: Holiday StockingBattery: no battery usedsee shipping and returnsreview this item Read More
First Christmas in a new home? The 100-Piece 60mm Traditional Ornament Set in Red/Gold is a great starter kit to fill out a tree. ...A festive mix of round balls and onion shapes, these shatter-resistant Christmas decorations come in a variety of finishes, from matte to shiny, glittery to textured. So go on, invite over family and friends you've got all the holiday supplies you need for a seriously fun tree-decorating party. Number of Pieces: 100 Includes: Ornaments: IndoorMaterial: Polyester, Polystyrene, PolyethyleneFinish: Matte, Textured, Shiny, SmoothItem Type: Ornament SetBattery: no battery usedAssembly Details: no assembly requiredDimensions: 60.0 mm. H x 60.0 mm. W x 60.0 mm. D Quantity: 100see shipping and returnsreview this item Read More
Give your toddler girl's room a sweet look with the Circo Peace bedding set. It has a comforter, flat sheet, fitted sheet and a pi...llowcase with prints of multicolored hearts, flowers, peace signs, birds and more. The comforter is filled with polyester to keep your little one warm and snug. All pieces in this kids' bedding set are made of 180-thread-count cotton. They coordinate with other pieces from the Circo Peace Girl Collection. Machine wash and tumble dry. Number of Pieces: 4 Includes: Comforter, Fitted Sheet, Pillow Case, Flat Sheet: Polyester FillThread Count: 180Material: PolyesterCare and Cleaning: Tumble Dry Low, Machine wash, warmDimensions: 42.0 " L x 58.0 " Wsee shipping and returnsguest rating overall5 of 5 stars Quality4.5 of 5 stars Stylenot rated Valuenot rated see guest reviews Read More


text:
VCU's Men's Basketball Team trains with SEAL Team PT
VCU Head Basketball Coach Shaka Smart and VCU Strength Coach Daniel Roose completed our 2 Week Basic Fitness class and earned our Blue T-shirt and certificate just like all STPT Members. This fall, it was time for their players to get a more intense taste of the training.
Tougher Training: Shaka Smart and his team of coaches and players stepped up to the A10 this year and are serious about winning. They kick off their their season each year with a more intense athletic team building week courtesy of SEAL Team PT. The team building week is designed to take players outside their comfort zones, get them focused, and prepare them for game 1, ready to win. Their 1st game is 9 November. Get your tickets now!
Watch the video VCU made on 2012 training here:
Past VCU Training News:
VCU Men's Basketball wins the 2012 CAA Championship. Moves up to A-10 Conference
Photo Credit: THE ASSOCIATED PRESS
9 March 2012
Click here to read Coach Smart talk about making his team tough in the Richmond Times Dispatch!
6 March 2012
Click here to listen to Shaka Smart talk about winning the 2012 CAA Tournament.
2012 CAA Champions!
"Difficult does not mean impossible"
Congratulations to Shaka Smart, the coaching staff, and players for winning the CAA Championship. Thanks to Shaka Smart and Strength Coach Daniel Roose, SEAL Team PT was introduced to Division 1 College Basketball in Sept 2011. We had no idea it would be this much fun.
Though SEAL Team PT played a small part in their season, we found this experience particularly rewarding because we were given an incredible opportunity to witness this team mature by attending their practices and home games. We were told by outside sources this young team was the underdog back in September because they had lost 4 of their 5 starters from last season and had many freshman. We were also told they might win a few games and that this was a "rebuilding year." During their training with us I noticed players and coaches gave 110% during each evolution. I could easily tell these guys were hungry to improve and that is a major ingredient in winning. Their practices were just as intense. Navy SEALs say "You train how you fight" and "The more we sweat in peace the less we bleed in war".
It turns out this young team set a VCU record by winning the most games in a single season this year. They also won the CAA Championship and are now headed to the NCAA Tournament. Not bad for a rebuilding year. It really is amazing what you can achieve when you work as a team. Their success is a testament to the "Family" Shaka Smart and his coaching staff have put together at VCU. We at SEAL Team PT are 110% behind you going into this NCAA Tournament. Hoo yah VCU Rams!
Below is an archive of interviews and photos of SEAL Team PT and VCU training together. Hoo Yah!
VCU "Hell Week" Video on YouTube 18 Sept 2011 Click Here
SEAL Team PT mentioned on ESPN 27 Nov 2011 Click Here
O 13 October 2011
Shaka Smart talks about SEAL Team PT on the radio Click Here
VCU Mens Basketball Team at Belle Isle 7 Oct 2011 Click here
VCU Mens Basketball Team at Cary Street Field 30 Sep 2011 Click here
September 2011
From a leader's perspective Shaka Smart showed his team how to win by giving 110% on every evolution. In the military we call this leading by example. On a team we count on everyone to do their part. It takes everyone to win, and just one person to lose. It is clear to Team VCU Basketball, it is more important to win than individually score the most points. Thank you VCU. We are looking forward to the next training opportunity. Hoo yah!
-Navy SEAL John McGuire
VCU Photo Links
Click Here
View the CBS6 story of VCU Men's Basketball and SEAL Team Physical Training. Thanks to VCU Basketball Coach Shaka Smart and Strength Coach Daniel Roose, SEAL Team PT got to play a small part in giving their team a mental edge. Go Rams!


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Yuban 100% Colombian
Fill your kitchen with the inviting aroma of Yuban 100% Colombian. A rich, lively, and aromatic blend that never fails to delight, it is made from richly flavored Arabica beans, 30% of which are harvested on Rainforest Alliance Certified™ farms. Kick back, chill out, and enjoy every sip.
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- Rainforest Alliance™ Certified
- This package contains 14 Yuban Colombian T DISCS, delivering an aromatic cup whenever you please
- Each T DISC makes an 11 fl oz cup of coffee
How to Make It
- Place your preferred 12 fl oz mug on the cup stand.
- Insert the Yuban 100% Colombian T DISC into the brewer; when the green Auto light comes on, press to start.
- Allow the mug to fill, then savor a piping hot cup of rich flavor.
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Yuban 100% Colombian
My husband is super picky when it comes to coffee. He always goes to a particular gas station that grinds their own beans and swears they have the best coffee. Anyway, after trying just about all the different strengths and brands, I ordered this. He loves it! Now if only it would stay in stock....
December 12, 2013
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I enjoy a Great cup of coffee and this machine delivers it
December 9, 2013
Yuban Columbian Coffee
Yuban is an established name in coffee producers and having this product for Tassimo is a plus. Very good and consistent flavor.
December 7, 2013
This coffee has a distinct flavor. Stronger than your regular roast
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November 27, 2013
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would like to show this to a friend that would like a single cup coffee maker but she loves Yuban coffee and can only have decaff....
Age: 55-65
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Unfortunately, at this time we do not carry Yuban decaf We will pass your suggestion to the appropriate department.9 months ago
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Messing with a Friend Date: Thu., Dec. 19, 10:30 p.m. The Annoyance Theatre Comedy Guest artists play opposite improv vet Susan Messing in this two-person show. Please note: No show is scheduled on Oct. 4, 2012. READ MORE
Chicagoland and Fishnuts Date: Tue., Dec. 17, 8 p.m. The Annoyance Theatre Comedy Local comics T.J. Jagodowski, Mark Piebenga, Linda Orr, Tom Blanford and Alex Fendrich perform an improv set as Chicagoland. The four-person improv troupe Fish ... READ MORE
Skinprov Date: Sat., Dec. 14, 11:59 p.m. The Annoyance Theatre Comedy A shirtless, all-male troupe performs a racy improv set. Audiences must be 18 and older to attend the event. READ MORE


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Discover certain things to avoid when applying for a masters degree online to increase your chances of getting accepted to a reputable, reliable and preferred school.
The convenience of applying for a masters degree online is very well-known nowadays. Compared to a decade before, online masters degrees are now the preferred mode of education for people who juggle work, personal life and studies. With hundreds of schools advertising throughout the internet, applicants are faced with the question: Which school will I chose to take my graduate studies in?
Driven individuals seek further education to advance in their careers. Getting a masters degree ensures not just higher monetary compensation but also prestige. The MBA written next to a person's name adds a certain kind of credibility that can help the individual command respect and climb up the corporate ladder.
Because of more people wanting to have a masters degree, there are schools that claim to be the best despite being unaccredited. Degree mills constantly bombard students with advertisements that suddenly pop up whenever they are browsing the internet. Scouting students then need to be aware of these unaccredited schools that will usually milk them of their hard-earned cash for a diploma or certificate that is a total waste.
Consult the list of accredited schools offering online masters degrees. Serious applicants need to consider what school they're getting their degrees from because a school's name and reputation can help promote their careers. Usually, no employer will take notice if an individual gets his or her degree from an unknown school.
However, do not just choose a school to get a masters degree online just because of its name. There are some schools that might be popular but do not have the best masters degree program. Read up on several student forums to get an idea about most masters degree programs before signing up.
Naturally, avoid applying to a graduate program that does not exist. To do this, snoop around their website or email and contact them through phone. There is no restriction prohibiting students from knowing all that they can before signing up for a masters degree program online.
Avoid programs that boast of a shorter time of completion. It generally takes two to three years to complete a masters degree, even online. If a masters degree online program says otherwise, it may an indication that the program is shady.
Be meticulous. Before submitting the application form, make sure that all the fields are filled with the correct information. It can be frustrating to wait for an application only to get rejected because of one blank space.
Like on-campus masters degree programs, online masters degrees require a personal statement of intent from the candidates in the form of a personal essay. Even with remarkable GMAT, GPA/GRE scores, applications can still be rejected based on poorly-written personal statements. Most admissions committees consider personal statements because this is where they can gauge if the applicant can contribute or benefit from the program.
Naturally, applicants should avoid asking for an extension when it comes to a deadline. Most admissions departments do not give special treatment and not meeting the deadline can be a major turn-off. Keep these simple tasks in mind when applying for a masters degree online to increase your chances of getting accepted.


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Is God an Englishman?
Roger Scruton's craving to belong.
By Terry Eagleton Published 08 November 2012Our Church: a Personal History of the Church of England
Roger Scruton
Atlantic Books, 208pp, £20
The conversion of agnostic High Tories to the Anglican church is always rather suspect. It seems too pat and predictable, too clearly a matter of politics rather than faith. It is as though Anglicanism were an essential accessory, like a set of tweeds or a fashionable handbag, without which the English reactionary is inadequately kitted out. There is as much surprise in, say, Peter Hitchens declaring himself a Christian as there is in Jeremy Paxman joining the Garrick. How on earth could they not?
It is, to be sure, a lot easier to gain entry to the Church of England than it is to the Garrick. The conditions of entry seem about as minimal as becoming a Brownie. Don't believe in God? No problem. Doubts about the Resurrection? Join the club. Switching from agnosticism to High Anglicanism is a problem only because it can be hard these days to tell them apart. You are more likely to be ejected from liberal Anglican circles for opposing women bishops than for claiming that Christ ran a brothel in Nazareth. Most modern capitalist societies get by on as little belief as they decently can, and the same is true of some of their churches.
Even so, it is not clear why any self-respecting Tory should cherish the memory of a suspected political criminal who hung out with crooks and whores, spoke out for justice and comradeship, and was done to death by the state for his pains. (The Romans reserved crucifixion for political offences only.) The Christian gospel also has far too little to say about sexual morality, not to mention marijuana, for the likes of Peter Hitchens. Indeed, like the ancient world in general, it doesn't have our modern conception of morality at all. Like all Jewish scripture, it holds that you shall know that the realm of justice is at hand when you see the poor being filled with good things and the rich sent empty away. It does not see spirituality as a matter of vestments, incense and other-worldliness, but as a question of feeding the hungry, welcoming immigrants and protecting the poor from the violence of the powerful. None of this is received wisdom in the shires.
So, it isn't surprising that Roger Scruton's history of Anglicanism has a good deal to say about pews, choir stalls, polished brass and embroidered kneelers, but very little about the New Testament. There is an account of Pugin but nothing about poverty. For Scruton, Christianity is a mixture of purity, patriotism, Romantic nostalgia and a patrician flight from the everyday. The point is not to change the world but to renounce it.
The Anglican church, according to Scruton, is "a part of England, and an immortal projection of England beyond space and time". God himself is an Englishman, a Daily Telegraph-reading deity, "uncomfortable in the presence of enthusiasm, reluctant to make a fuss, but trapped into making public speeches". It's surprising he didn't send his son to Eton, rather than dump him among a lot of Palestinian fishermen. Scruton believes that his country "is not just an ordinary place in time but one with a replica in eternity". It would be interesting to know whether he thinks this is also true of Kazakhstan or the United Arab Emirates, or whether the Almighty has the same aversion to abroad as Philip Larkin. Religious faith offers us "a release from worldly impurities", even though Jesus is presented in the Gospels as notably careless of the Jewish purity laws and ends up polluted (the Jews regarded crucifixion as a curse).
Scruton is homesick for the medieval England of Piers Plowman – of stout, God-fearing yeomen, simple manners and plain speaking. He seems not to know that it was also a place of filth, fanaticism and excruciating torture. His dewy-eyed history of England is more scrubbed and sanitised than a modern surgeon's knuckles. We hear of the "adventures of the colonists and the merchant seamen", which can be translated roughly as the plunder of India and the extermination of whole communities. The reader is invited to admire clergymen who devoted as much attention to their table as their clerical duties, and encouraged to elevate spiritual mediocrity over passionate conviction.
Like the postmodernists he detests, but unlike St John and St Paul, Scruton obtusely associates all conviction with dogmatism, which is why he feels at home in a church where you can believe more or less what you like. Truth, this former professional philosopher insists, should yield to compromise. Like the House of Lords, religion does not bear too close an interrogation, which, for Romantic reactionaries of Scruton's kind, is a compliment rather than a criticism. What matters is not rational inquiry but what we feel intuitively in our bones. The Nazis believed much the same. Like most English Tories, Scruton is pained by displays of zeal, yet he exhibits a fair degree of it in the cause of rood screens, the monarchy and the public schools, which once produced "upright Christian gentlemen, who would administer the empire on behalf of the Queen". And though he touts the spirit of Anglican moderation, he seems strangely reluctant to countenance such middle-of-the-road measures as, say, turning half the public schools into old people's homes.
"I rejoice that the church to which I belong," he remarks, "offers an antidote to every kind of utopian thinking." Perhaps he missed those bits in the New Testament about the kingdom of God, which Christians believe will arrive at the end of history. For this high-minded study, religion is one thing and politics is another, a view from which Martin Luther King fortunately dissented. When Jesus urged those around him to give both God and Caesar their due, no Jew within earshot would have imagined that his words "the things that are God's" meant raising your thoughts piously above a wicked world. They would have known their scripture well enough to understand that it meant protecting the weak, seeking justice for the oppressed and denouncing the fraudsters. Their God was one who had brought them out of slavery, not a spiritual ornamentation to the status quo.
Over the past few years, the works of this distinguished thinker have dwindled in intelligence. A few decades ago, he would never have perpetrated such limp banalities as "We should never underestimate the human need for membership. We are social beings, who are incomplete when we are unable to identify the community that is ours." (One suspects that the author has his local hunt as much in mind as his parish church.)
Whatever his political views, this son of a socialist republican has produced, in his time, some extraordinarily perceptive work in philosophy, aesthetics and political theory. In the end, however, ideology tends to addle your brain. For many years, Scruton was far smarter than his own extravagant Romantic prejudices. Now he has succumbed to them wholesale. At least he has discovered some kind of community in the process, as he rides to hounds and plays the organ in his local church. It's just that one suspects this maverick intellectual is as fervent as he is about belonging because he will never really be able to.
Terry Eagleton is distinguished professor of English Literature at Lancaster University. His latest book is "The Event of Literature" (Yale University Press, £18.99)
11 comments
Ah, the trappings of the Papal and Anglo religions. Oh, that 'swish'! Still some religious leaders prefer the sharp suit and Saville Row tailoring.
In what language were the various religious testaments written? Or in what geographic area did these religions first make their appearance?
The answers to both queries should give some clue. The Middle-East is one of the answers, with Asia the other.
What language does a Born-Again Christian speak? American! Shucks, the time scale is thousands of years, not hundreds.
Baptise the schmuck - he was born yesterday.
No, God is American.
As an Englishman long resident in USA, I have reached this conclusion independently after watching several Presidential campaigns. The evidence is much the same as Mr.Eagleton presents for the British case, pari passu. All serious candidates sooner or later have to declare allegiance. It's usually to some flavour of Christianity; a minor exception: Democratic 2008 vice-presidential candidate Joe Lieberman, Jewish. In one of the 2004 Republican primary debates, candidates were asked to name their favourite philosopher. George W Bush said Jesus. All other candidates on the stage promptly followed suit and said Jesus except for John McCain who said Teddy Roosevelt. Bush, of course, got the nomination.
Is God an Englishman? Rather a daft question, everyone knows he is.
I am a great admirer of both Eagleton & Scruton so eagerly began reading this squib - for squib it is. Eagleton has butchered these ideas without genuinely attempting to understand them. Eagleton is behaving like a thug sociologist from a Muggeridge novel. He knows which.
I absolutely agree with Mr Boyce (See below). This kicking seems a bit rough. I believe, though, Mr B is aluding to a novel by Malcom Bradbury, not Malcolm Muggerige. The History Man (1975). I think you should find however that Scruton is a lot older and tougher than poor Carmody. Interesting that Eagleton, somewhere else, has admirably defended Wilde's individualism; but here he savages Scruton for a similar wistful religious aestheticism. The English can be so awful to one another.
Is God an Englishman? Given the hostility to Israel in New Statesman, possibly not.
I don't believe the English exist. They are just some fairy tale to explain a language left over from other cultures.
Martin Luther King was right because.....?
Is he right because he agreed with the Bible? Then the ones who read the Bible, with its many passages that never denounced slavery and denounced eating pork and shellfish, were (and are)terribly mistaken, for MLK did all these things.
If he was right and you can prove it by reason, then why bother bringing the Bible into it?
Are you so pathetic that you have to rely on Bronze Age fantasies to motivate people and try to silence or shame those who disagree with you? Because that's also what they do in the Bible Belt; how do you KNOW you're wrong?
A good article. I have always thought Terry Eagleton brilliant. I particularly liked "So, it isn't surprising that Roger Scruton's history of Anglicanism has a good deal to say about pews, choir stalls, polished brass and embroidered kneelers, but very little about the New Testament". I would also recommend any of Karen Armstrong's books - "the case for God" (don't worry it isn't a polemic) and "12 steps to a more compassionate life" are her more recent books. A good antidote to Scruton.
Erm...I'm basing this on your name and giving you the benefit that you might actually be some sort of Christian, perhaps even in a leadership/administrative capacity. In which case, shouldn't "I rejoice that the church to which I belong offers an antidote to every kind of utopian thinking." constitute to the standout quote?
If nothing else it sorta implies Trading Standards should be informed.


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The courses on the FYP London College program are taught by the accompanying St. Lawrence University faculty member, Dr. Cynthia Bansak, and faculty from British universities. The courses are designed and offered exclusively for St. Lawrence University Program participants.
Required Course:
FYP: The Hogwarts School of Finance: British Children's Literature and links to Economic Concepts
For many our first endeavor into the world of business is the lemonade stand and the first key decision is what to charge for a glass of lemonade. A nickel, a dime, or a dollar? The price will make or break the business. Welcome to your first lesson in business. Or is it? Our business education starts at a much earlier age. Children's literature is ripe with economic metaphors and references to business. Paddington the Bear teaches children adventures at various markets in London, while Charlie and the Chocolate Factory allows us to explore the dreams of a boy named Charlie Bucket whose family barely has enough money to survive. In these and other ways, stories exert a profound influence on humans, by engaging our imaginations and teaching us economic concepts while entertaining us. While learning about the power of story-telling, students will become better versed in some basic economic principles and explore the many ways these ideas are communicated to children at a very young age.
Students in the London FYP will connect regularly with an on-campus FYP course on "Children's Literature and its Life-Long Lessons." Joint class meetings held virtually will allow students to compare perspectives and interact with their colleagues in the Class of 2017.
Elective Courses: (Students select 3):
You can find course syllabi here.


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World leaders, crowds gather to bid a final farewell to the South African icon and celebrate his lasting legacy
About two million real Christmas trees will be sold in B.C. over the next two weeks. These are grown as a cash crop that pumps more than $110 million into the economy and creates employment for thousands of people. The Christmas tree-buying frenzy traditionally begins the second weekend in December. It ends as promptly as it started on Christmas Eve. Steve Whysall offers these tips for picking — and maintaining — the perfect tree for you.
The Saskatchewan foursome cemented their reputation as one of the best women's curling team's in history by winning gold in the sport's Olympic debut in Nagano
The Springton, P.E.I. product was leading the men's cross-country skiing standing division before settling for fifth place.
Two openly gay athletes appeared along with human rights activists at the U.N. events
The mutual love affair was (temporarily) renewed Tuesday.
3 hours ago


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A statement released by the Utah County Sheriff's Office says the boy was playing on an indoor swing at his home in Eagle Mountain Sunday morning when he got tangled in the cords.
The report says the boy's younger brother ran to their father saying that 'something wasn't right'. The father immediately called 911.
The boy was transported to American Fork Hospital and then flown to Primary Children's Medical Center in extremely critical condition. The child died Monday morning.
Detectives will continue their investigation and say there is nothing suspicious about this case.


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Resume Guidelines and Tips
The following information will assist you in developing your resume for applying for jobs with Fairfax County.
What reviewers look for when reviewing your resume
Your resume will be reviewed against the job you applied for, based on the information in the job announcement:
Minimum Qualifications: It is mandatory that you meet or exceed the Minimum Qualifications in order to be considered for the job. Work experience may sometimes be substituted for education; learn more about education/experience equivalencies.
Special Requirements: Some job announcements will include requirements for licenses, bilingual ability, certificates, physical strength, etc. It is mandatory that you meet these Special Requirements in order to be considered for the job.
Preferred Qualifications: Applicants who meet the Preferred Qualifications--in addition to the Minimum Qualifications--are a closer match for the job and are considered stronger candidates.
The reviewer will carefully assess the resumes that have met all the Minimum Qualifications, all the Special Requirements (if applicable), and most of the Preferred Qualifications. From this group, the 10-15 resumes that are the closest match to the job announcement will be considered for interviews.
TIP: Read the job announcement thoroughly! Match it against your resume before you apply. Carefully read the Minimum Qualifications and Special Requirements, and if you do not meet them, understand that you cannot be considered for this job.
The building blocks to a good resume
Block one: Personal Information
This information may be used later to contact you for an interview. Make sure that it is complete, current and accurate. This section of your resume should include:
- Name
- Address
- Phone number(s)
- E-mail address
Block two: Summary
This section should clearly state the job (or type of work) you are applying for, the relevant experience and education you have to offer, and summarize your skills, strengths, versatility and successes. Describe your best/strongest qualifications and how they relate to the job. Be specific about the number of years of experience you have. Stick to the facts; don't overload with personality traits.
Block three: Education History
Completing this section completely and accurately will make it easier for the reviewer to confirm whether you meet the educational requirements for the job. Include credits earned and anticipated completion date if college degree has not been completed. For each school/degree you should include the following:
- Name of school
- Type of school (for example, high school; vocational school; military training; 2- or 4-year college)
- Degree achieved (BA; BS; AA; MD; MS; GED; HS diploma; PHD)
Block four: Employment History
List the following information for each job, starting with your most recent job and working backward through past jobs.
- Dates employed (month/year -to- month/year)
- Job title
- Employer name and location
- Description of work performed (duties)
- The dates of employment are critical for your resume to be reviewed properly. These dates will help the reviewer determine the number of years of work experience for which you should receive credit. Don't skip these!
- Begin each job description with an opening statement about your primary responsibilities. Then highlight your major accomplishments after the responsibilities.
- Use strong verbs.
- Be brief; edit/rewrite sentences using concise statements.
Block five: Additional Information
Use this section to list any additional relevant skills, certifications, or professional memberships. Some suggestions are provided below:
- Language skills
- Professional licenses/certifications (examples: CDL, RN, PE)
- Computer software proficiencies
- Professional memberships (examples, ALA, SHRM, ASCE)
- Equipment operated/driven
- Volunteer work
What about cover letters, references, etc.?
Cover letters: These are not necessary with our AIMS on-line
References: Your references are not needed until you go to an
interview, and should not be included on your resume.
Certificates: Mention these in your resume if appropriate, but
you do not need to provide a copy of any certificates until you go to an
Format, fonts, paper: The county's on-line system makes all
resumes look the same when they are printed. This allows the reviewers to
concentrate on your qualifications and experience, instead of the
physical appearance of your resume.
Length: It doesn't matter if your resume is more than one page
long when printed. What does matter is that you clearly, but concisely,
represent all your qualifications. However, if your resume is more than
four pages long, you should consider ways to edit it to be more effective
and to the point.
Links for additional assistance
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) about resumes submitted to Fairfax County
List of action-oriented verbs and phrases
Fairfax County SkillSource Centers (general job hunting resources & assistance)
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) about AIMS
The Department of Human Resources Application Center is located at 12000 Government Center Parkway, Suite 270, Fairfax, Virginia 22035. Directions to the Government Center.
24 Plumb Street
Fairfax, VA 22030
(703) 555-4567 (home)
(301) 555-4321 (work)
Professional project manager with over eight years of experience developing and implementing training strategies that provide the basis for total quality management. Proven track record of completing difficult projects on schedule and within budget. Excellent interpersonal skills, a professional attitude, and outgoing personality to see tough jobs through independently or as a team member. Computer skills include expert-level proficiency in Microsoft Excel, Lotus 1-2-3 and dBase III.
State Polytechnic Institute, College Town, Texas
4-year college
Bachelor of Science in Computer Science, 1993
Course Work
Total Quality Management, PDCA, Public Speaking, Education, Grammar for
Publications, Desktop Publishing in Corporate America and Course
Development Strategies
Curriculum Developer, $35,000/year . . . 10/1998-Present
Some Large Company, Inc., Some Town, Virginia
Wrote training preparation guidelines for conducting training programs.
Developed and taught classes on project management for programmers,
designing effective presentation materials and using Aldus Persuasion for
technical presentations. Developed and conducted Total Quality Management
classes including Introduction to Total Quality Management, Statistical
Process Control, Reward and Recognition in the 90s and How to Apply for
the Malcolm Baldrige Award.
Software Project Leader, $22,000/year . . . 7/1993-1/1998
Any Corporation, Anywhere, Virginia
Enhanced mainframe operating system to set job-printing priority based
on pages and priority. Provided mainframe operating system failure
analysis from memory dumps. Implemented remote batch communications
handler in assembly language in a one month period to meet contractual
obligations with customer. Provided graphics and system software support
for an IC layout and verification system on Apollo, Sun and DEC Ultrix
- Macintosh, IBM PC and PC clones, Sun Microsystems and Apollo
- Microsoft Excel, Adobe PageMaker, MacDraw Pro, Lotus 1-2-3 and dBase
- Fluent in Spanish
- C.I.S.A., Certified teacher of: Microsoft Excel, Lotus 1-2-3 and dBase
Professional Organizations
- IEEE, American Society of Teachers and Women in Business


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I am looking for a quick way to export all sub-sites from a web application and exclude the root url, is there a quick way to accomplish this?
Tell me more
SharePoint Stack Exchange is a question and answer site for SharePoint enthusiasts. It's 100% free, no registration required.
maybe this can help :
you will need to adjust the export params according your needs | |||||||||||||


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Play of the day - Gayle's big six
Flamboyant West Indies opener Chris Gayle became the first player to hit a six from the first ball of a test match when he launched his big-hit against Bangladesh today. Video / Youtube.
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text: 26 June 2005 archive Tweet See all show photos DESIGN duo Domenico Dolce and Stefano Gabbana calimed that Pete Doherty and his Babyshambles band inspired the looks for their spring/summer 2006 collection but it wasn't all the sort of thing we're used to seeing the skinny rocker in. While the dapper black suits and cropped jackets could make it into his wardrobe – he might even marry Kate in one of the fitted white tuxedos – we're not sure he'll take to the stage in a teeny weeny pair of floral swimming trunks. But who knows? (June 26 2005, PM) Continue reading Back to top


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Attention PNW Cosplay fans !!!!
Themeangeek.com will be at the Emerald City Comic Con MARCH 1-3 2013. If you haven't heard their hilliarous podcast give them a listen. They will be recording live and would like to talk to YOU !! They want to hear from hardcore Cosplayers of all types.
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For more information contact The Mean Geeks or send an email to their photographer: email@example.com