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loyola maroon Vol. XLVII Loyola University, New Orleans, La., 70118, Friday, February 5, 1971 No. 15 President rejects new proposal to extend open house in dorms The university president this week rejected proposals for expanded dormitory visitation policies and served notice to Loyola residents students that existing policies would be more strictly enforced. The Very Rev. President Michael Kennelly, S.J., took took the position at a Tuesday meeting with seven dorm students that included members of the Men's Residence Council (MRC), the Women's Residence (WRC) and two dorm students unafilliated with the councils. The meeting was held the day after a Monday night rally in which some 250 Loyola students met in the Danna Center to protest what is apparently an administration crackdown on several areas of dorm life. Both the students at the Tuesday meeting with the president and those at the independently organized rally Monday night were objecting to the administration's refusal to extend visiting hours for members of the opposite sex in the men's and women's dorm. Also at issue is a controversial ban on the burning of incense in dorm rooms. According to MRC president Andy Tipton, who attended the meeting with Father Kennelly, the president constantly reiterated that the students were "wasting (his) time" coming to him with complaints about dorm regulations. Tipton said Frank Wagar, vice president for student affairs, had told the MRC any changes in the open house policy had to be approved by Father Kennelly. Members of the student delegation who met with Father Kennelly said the raason the president gave for refusing to make any changes changes in open house hours was that extension of the rules would be a violation of Christian ethics. According to Tipton, Father Kennelly reminded the students that Loyola is a Catholic university controlled by the Jesuit fathers. Mrs. Lynne Neitzschman, Dean of Women, said Wednesday she thinks the reason for refusing the open house extension is "obvious". Mrs. Neitzschman noted that students in both dorms had been caught flagrantly violating open house hours by allowing unauthorized visitors in their rooms after open house hours. The resident students were informed of the dormitory regulations concerning open house and incense burning during the first week of the spring semester. In response to residents' complaints that the rules were unfair, Wagar met with the MRC this past Monday and Mrs. Neitzschman met with the WRC Thursday, Jan. 28. At the WRC meeting, students voiced opposition to the administration's refusal to allow Buddig Hall to have on a trial basis the same open house hours in effect at Biever Hall. The WRC petitioned the administration for this privilege shortly before the Christmas break. The open hours in effect in Biever are 6 p.m. to midnight on Fridays and from noon to midnight Saturdays and Sundays. Currently Buddig Hall's open house is 1 p.m. to 6 p.m. every other Sunday. At the MRC's meeting with Wagar students wanted to know why the men in Biever were not allowed to determine their own visitation hours. Wagar pointed to violations of open house hours. Asked by student Pat O'Keefe if the dorm would have open house next year, Wagar replied that the chances are "very poor". Also discussed at the WRC and MRC meetings was the rule against burning incense or scented candles in dorm rooms. Initially the students were told that there may be no incense whatsoever, however the policy has been modified by Wagar since the time of the meetings. In a letter Wednesday, Wagar notified residents that incense may be burned in specified areas of the dorms such as floor lounges. The reason for the ban is that incense and scented candles can be used to cover the odor of marijuana, according to Mrs. Neitzschman. She said Wednesday that the administration has received reports that the use of marijuana in the dorms is common. In Biever Hall another reason given for the ban on incense burning was that the resulting smoke can damage the air conditioning system. According to Mrs. Neitzschman, the burning of incense and candles in the dorm is a violation of the city's fire code. Article 10.11 of the New Orleans code, however, does not mention incense. Concerning the burning of candles or other open flames, the code says that such flames may not be taken to any place where "highly flammable, combustible, or explosive material is kept, unless such light or flame shall be well secured in a glass globe, wire mesh cage or similar device." Small rally registers protest Approximately 250 students were present at a protest rally Monday night which dealt with the university housing policies. The attack centered on the open house rules in both residence halls and the controversial ban on the burning of incense. Although most of the students supported the rally, there were some who did not. A sophomore male, who pointed out that a majority of the students involved were freshmen, felt that they were going about it incorrectly, but said, "the freshmen ought to have their fling. I went through this last year." Another student said she thought the rally was "a farce." Due to being hastily assembled, the rally evoked various responses from incoming students. "Does this happen after every basketball game?" queried one young lady, while another curious coed asked, "Is this to attract attention?" A freshman, his mind obviously on more entertaining reunions, said, "Whose party is this, anyway?" The organization of the protest posed an apparent problem since there was some confusion. One coed suggested to her friend, "Maybe we should come back when something starts." Students gather in the Danna Center Monday night SGA lends support to dorm councils By BILL LAM Maroon Staff Reporter The Student Government Association (SGA) Tuesday, passed a resolution strongly objecting to the administration's stance' against extending visitation hours in Biever and Buddig Halls. Extended visitation hours were denied both the Men's Residence Council (MRC) and the Women's Residence Council (WRC) at a meeting Tuesday with the Very Rev. Michael Kennelly, S.J., university president. Previously, 85% of Biever residents had signed a petition requesting self determination of open house hours. Father Kennelly said that his decision was based on Jesuit Christian principles, according to MRC president Andy Tipton. SGA backing of the MRC and WRC move came in a motion by College of Arts and Sciences president, Danny Hynes, who stated that no concrete evidence had been offered that Jesuit principles have been violated. Hynes further argued that extended hours will not be detrimental to the Catholic Jesuit nature of the university, and that no conclusive argument has been forwarded for the curtailing of open house. In old business, Hdgar "Dooky" Chase, SGA president, noted that Rev. James C. Carter, S.J., academic vice president, is aware of Loyola's inadequate library and is negotiating with Tulane for use of its library facilities at no charge to Loyolans. Chase said Father Carter told him that lack of funds has kept Loyola from improving its own facilities. Two motions passed in an attempt to improve faculty and administration representatives' committment to all university committees and to give students more say in policies concerned with student interest. Wally Schneidau, A&S senior, who made the motions explained that the purpose of the first motion is to force administration and faculty representatives either to participate and conduct meetings of the committees or let the students who are on these committees do their own work. Schneidau cited as an example the Student Affairs Policy Advisory Committee which has not met since last year because the administration representative who usually calls such meetings has not yet done so this semester. The motions which were adopted as by-laws to the SGA's Statutes of Procedures follow. -"The SGA requires that letters be sent to the appropriate members of the faculty and administration inquiring as to their representatives on all university committees and to the time of the next meeting of each committee and the business each committee shall handle. If replies are not received within two weeks, the SGA shall assume that their representatives to such committees shall have tacit approval to conduct meetings of such committees and handle such business as seems appropriate to them. —"The SGA again urges the other segments of the university to seat students on the Board of Directors, the Board of Regents, the Admissions Standards and Policies Committee and committees in which students have u prime interest." S(iA members listen at the first meeting of the spring semester Senate approves new advisory committee By MIMI GRIFFITH Maroon Desk Kdilor News that the university president has formally accepted the University Senate's plan for a rank and tenure committee kicked off the senate's first meeting of the spring semester last week. Miss Janet Riley, senate chairman, read to the senate a letter from the Very Rev. President Michael Kennelly, S.J., which announced his approval of the University Rank and Tenure Committee (URTC). The senate finally passed the URTC proposal at an emergency session shortly before the Christmas break. The faculty-elected URTC will have authority to hear matters of rank, tenure, termination, promotion and other faculty-related matters not settled at the departmental or college level. According to the approved proposal, the URTC's decisions will be considered final, "except in rare cases and for compelling reasons, and that the reasons be returned to the URTC in writing." Elections for the committee took place this week. Action by the senate at last week's meeting included a close vote approving the establishment of an Advisory Committee to the President which would include student, faculty, and staff representation. The committee plan was submitted by senate member Francis (iravois on behalf of the Coordinating Committee from last fall's Conference on Academic Goals. As senate chairman. Miss Riley cast the deciding "yes" vote which broke the 16-16 tie on the motion to establish the committee. The close vote followed senate debate over the utility of such an advisory committee for the president. The main reason for opposing the committee formation given by senate members who voted against it was that it would duplicate the advising function performed by existing groups such as the senate itself and the Student Government Association (SGA). Some members who spoke against the committee were Rev. Joseph Tetlow, S.J., dean of A&S; Dr. Conrad Raabe; and Dennis Rousseau, executive assistant to the president. Some speakers who favored the committee expressed wholehearted agreement with the committee's aim to be a small advising group to the president. Others merely said the senate ought to go along with setting up the committee, that if the president would find such a committee useful to him, the senate should approve it. Among the senate members who spoke in favor of the committee were Gravois, who made the motion, Dr. Robert McLean, and Dr. Arthur Rayhawk. Also favoring the advisory committee was Jules Sauvageot, faculty member and chairman of the Coordinating Committee from the Conference on Academic Goals which is sponsoring the motion through Gravois. Sauvageot told the senate that the committee of students, faculty, staff and presidential appointees would provide more representation in the Loyola administrative process. The motion to form the committee calls for representatives on all standing, ad hoc, or subcommittees to come from those elements of the university community which the committees affect. The proposal for the formation of the advisory committee grew out of discussions by members of the Conference on Academic Goals, held this fall. Conference members interested in gaining a more decentralized administration for Loyola have held a series of meetings with the president, and drawn up their proposal for an advisory committee. Other tction at the senate's meeting included the adoption of a motion by Father Tetlow to mandate the senate's handbook negotiations committee to consider a clause for maternity leave. Such a provision would guarantee that female faculty may take time off to have children and still be able to return to the university in the same job or one similar to the one held before leaving. The senate also approved a motion by Rev. James Carter, S.J., academic vice-president, which called for the senate's election of faculty to a committee to form a policy on disruptive demonstrations. The committee which will form the demonstration policy is a tripartite committee composed of students, faculty and administrative appointees. The senate committee on committees will present the senate at its next meeting with a slate of candidates for the senate to consider. Nominations from the floor will be accepted also. An SGA proposal that the university suspend classes for an hour and a half one day early in the semester to give time for a Metropolitan Goals Conference received seante approval. The conference will be sponsored by the SGA to acquaint Loyola students with the New Orleans area Metropolitan Goals foundation. Through the conference the SGA hopes to interest students in becoming involved with the foundation's efforts to study and solve the problems of the city. In a letter to the senate, SGA president Kdgar "Dooky" Chase asked the faculty representatives to make it easy to hold the conference by giving class time. Chase said Father Carter had endorsed the plan pending faculty approval. URTC organized Run-offs Monday The final step in the formation of the University Rank and Tenure Committee (URTC) will be taken Monday with the run-off elections of the College of Arts and Sciences (A&S) and the School of Law faculty representatives. None of the faculty nominated for the five A&S slots or the single law school slot on the URTC received a majority of the votes cast. Elected from the other schools, however, were Dr. Irving Fosberg from the College of Business Administration, Dr. Patrick McCarty from the College of Music, and Mr. Frank Stass from City College. The law school run-off is between Miss Caroline Heriot and Joseph H. Lawson. A&S run-off candidates are Dr. Carl H. Brans, Peter J. Cangelosi, Rev. A Win Holloway, S.J., Dr. Anthony Lala, Dr. Robert McLean, Rev. John Miller, C.S.C., Dr. Walter G. Moore, Rev. James Piller, 0.M.1., Dr. Hilda C. Smith and Mr. Lawrence Strohmeyer. Flections for alternates to the committee will take place after the results of the run-off elections come in. The university president recently approved the URTC plan that the University Senate passed after last semester's deliberation. Candidates for URTC were nominated by both the President and faculty members. The URTC will be authorized to deal with matters of rank, tenure, promotions and violations of academic freedom. Such disputes will be submitted to the URTC only after exhausting the established review procedures. The committee is to submit its findings and decisions to the president. The decisions of the URTC are to be considered final except for rare cases. If the administrations reverses a decision of the committee, the reasons must be returned to the URTC in writing. Law school bids go out Loyola is now in the process of asking for bids on (he construction of the proposed new law school building. The building is lo cost an estimated $3 million according to John Hckholdt, vice president for business and finance. EckhoMi said the bids would be going out between now and next Friday. The action on the bids follows the quick sale of some $3 million worth of bonds at 6V4 and 814 per cent to finance the construction of the building. The bonds which went on sale January 25 were completely sold lour days later. The way was cleared for the sale of the bonds when the education office of the Department of Health, Education and Welfare awarded Loyola an interest subsidy grant, January 23. According to John Christman, vice president lor research, the grant is to pay all of the interest on the bonds over and above the three per cent over a 12-year period. Christ man estimates the total interest paid by the grant will total more than $1,365,000. I ckholdt estimates thai the actual construction will begin about the middle or end of March this year and will take 13 months. According to his predictions, the building ought to be ready in September, 1972. The awarding of the interest subsidy grant was the climax of a long campaign by the university to get funds from the government. The campaign began in the spring of 1968 with a proposal filed with HHW for funds. After federal funds ran out, the proposal had to be refiled in the spring of 1969. The proposal had to be refiled under the Nixon administration in 1970 and finally resulted in the finds being approved this year. "We've waited a long time - so we're very happy," said Marcel Garsaud, dean of law school.
Object Description
Title | Maroon |
Masthead | The Maroon Vol. 47 No. 15 |
Publisher | Loyola University (New Orleans, La.) |
Coverage | United States; Louisiana; New Orleans; |
Date | 1971-02-05 |
Type | Text |
Source | Loyola University New Orleans Special Collections & Archives (http://library.loyno.edu/research/speccoll/) New Orleans, LA |
Format | TIFF |
Subject | Loyola University (New Orleans, La.) |
Rights | Digital rights are held by Loyola University New Orleans. Copyright is retained in accordance with U.S. copyright law. |
Creator | Loyola University (New Orleans, La.) |
Relation-Is Part Of | http://www.louisianadigitallibrary.org/cdm/search/collection/LOYOLA_UMN |
Language | en |
Digitized By | BSLW |
Digitized Date | 2012-2013 |
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On December 18, President Obama signed a bill (U.S. Bill S.3486, referred to as the Patent Law Treaties Implementation Act of 2012) that will allow U.S. citizens and residents to participate in an existing international filing system for design patent applications known as the Hague Agreement.
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Changes in U.S. Design Patent Law Will Have Significant Impact
The Legal Intelligencer
December 28, 2012
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text: Pakistan: Providing Medical Care in Khyber PakhtunkhwaFebruary 13, 2012 At a hospital in Hangu district, in Pakistan's Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province, the Doctors Without Borders/Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) team treats a large number of patients for trauma caused by road accidents and shootings. Health workers are also trying to bring down the high rate of maternal mortality in the area. MSF treated 20,000 patients in Hangu, including many mothers, in 2011. Tags: Pakistan, Surgeon, Maternal Health, Midwife, Nurse, Surgery |


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This Falkensteiner Carinzia Hotel was absolutely fantastic ! We had a great stay here. We would definately recommend this hotel to anyone going to Karinthië(Kärnten). Friendly hotel staff, greats rooms, great breakfast and diner. For us it was a 10/10 ! Alain and Cindy Brasschaat Belgium
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7 CFR Part 708 - RECORD RETENTION REQUIREMENTS—ALL PROGRAMS
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Sec. 4, 49 Stat. 164, secs. 7-17, 49 Stat. 1148, as amended; 16 U.S.C. 590d, 590g-590q.
Title 7 published on 2013-01-01
no entries appear in the Federal Register after this date.
This is a list of United States Code sections, Statutes at Large, Public Laws, and Presidential Documents, which provide rulemaking authority for this CFR Part.
This list is taken from the Parallel Table of Authorities and Rules provided by GPO [Government Printing Office].
It is not guaranteed to be accurate or up-to-date, though we do refresh the database weekly. More limitations on accuracy are described at the GPO site.


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I have only tried the Fret & Finishing Set, but it saves a lot of time instead of using doublestick tape and normal sandpaper. The sandpaper lasts a long time, and for many fret jobs. Also good for nut and saddle jobs.
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Although mind body medicine has existed for centuries, it has only recently been recognized by Western medicine, often in the form of alternative or complementary therapies. The Benson-Henry Institute works to help integrate these mind body practices into mainstream medicine, and to provide a deeper understanding of the mechanisms behind them.
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The Benson-Henry Institute's work is based on the inseparable connection between the mind and the body - the complicated interactions that take place among thoughts, the body, and the outside world. Mind body medicine integrates modern scientific medicine, psychology, nutrition, exercise physiology and belief to enhance the natural healing capacities of body and mind. The end result is self-care, a complement to the conventional medical paths of surgery and pharmaceuticals.
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NBA PM: Smith Excited About New-Look Hawks
Last season, Josh Smith's unhappiness with the Atlanta Hawks was well-documented. The star small forward demanded a trade at midseason and routinely expressed frustration with the organization. After watching the Hawks lose free agent Jamal Crawford and fill out the roster with cheap veterans last offseason, Smith didn't believe the team was committed to building a contender.
Now, with Danny Ferry taking over as general manager of the Hawks, Smith believes the team is heading in the right direction. Atlanta traded away Joe Johnson to the Brooklyn Nets in exchange for Jordan Farmar, Johan Petro, Anthony Morrow, Jordan Williams, DeShawn Stevenson and a future first-round pick. Shortly after, the Hawks dealt Marvin Williams to the Utah Jazz for Devin Harris, and then signed free agent guard Lou Williams. That's a lot of change in one offseason, but Smith likes the moves.
"Since I've been in the league, I've always been about winning," Smith said. "I want to one day be able to play for a ring. I want to give myself the opportunity to do that. With a good GM like Danny Ferry and everybody else, I think this organization is heading in a positive direction."
"Those are guys who can create for themselves and others," Smith said of Harris and Williams. "We got a guy in Louis Williams who is a pure scorer. He can shoot the ball and really play. Devin Harris is fast, quick and plays similar to Jeff Teague. He can definitely be a facilitator because we have a lot of guys who can really stroke the ball."
Smith is excited about the new-look roster, and the cap flexibility that they'll have next summer. By unloading Johnson and Williams, Ferry created enough cap space to sign two players to maximum deals. Dwight Howard will be an unrestricted free agent next offseason and he's already being mentioned as a possibility for Atlanta. Smith, who has known Howard since preschool, would love to have him.
"We do have a lot of money coming off the books, especially after this year," Smith said. "I don't know what the plans are. I guess every team that's unloading money, the media thinks they're targeting Dwight. And who wouldn't want a guy like that on your team? He's the best big man in the league. I'd love to have him. Who wouldn't? He's the most dominant big in the game right now."
Howard and Paul aren't the only star players who will be unrestricted free agents next summer. Smith is entering the final year of his contract and he'll be able to weigh his options next offseason. He admitted that players have already started recruiting him, but insists that he's focused on building a winner in Atlanta.
"My main concern is playing for the team that I have right now on the Atlanta Hawks and trying to have the best season of my career," Smith said. "I want to keep getting better as my career progresses and then worry about [free agency] when it comes to that point."
Smith approves of Atlanta's direction and, with so much flexibility going forward, the future of the Hawks is certainly bright.
McGee, Nuggets Continue Negotiations: The Denver Nuggets continue to negotiate with restricted free agent JaVale McGee, and both sides are optimistic that they'll work out a deal. McGee is in Las Vegas, taking in the Summer League with teammates Ty Lawson, Arron Afflalo and Wilson Chandler as well as head coach George Karl and general manager Masai Ujiri.
The Nuggets have reportedly offered McGee a five-year, $50 million deal. The two sides haven't reached an agreement yet, but Ujiri was confident that a new deal will be signed soon.
"We're hoping [to re-sign McGee]," Ujiri told HOOPSWORLD. "It's a negotiation. These things take time. I think the positive thing about this is that JaVale hasn't gone out to seek anything else and we haven't gone out to seek anything else. He's the guy we want and I think we're the team he wants to play for. We'll get there at some point and both parties will be happy. It's been positive. It just takes time sometimes to come to that comfortable number or whatever it is. JaVale is hearing, spending time with us. We'll get something done eventually."
While McGee wasn't as revealing when asked about the ongoing negotiations, he did say that he hopes to be with the Nuggets when the 2012-13 season gets underway.
"I'm just trying to let my agent handle it, and I'm hopeful that we get it done," McGee told HOOPSWORLD.
Last season, McGee averaged 10.3 points, 5.8 rebounds and 1.6 blocks with the Nuggets. In the playoffs, McGee's averaged 8.6 points, 9.6 rebounds and 3.1 blocks.
Mullens Playing Well in Las Vegas: The Charlotte Bobcats had the lowest winning percentage of any team in league history last season. However, they have emerged as one of the best teams in the Las Vegas Summer League. They're 2-0 and have received huge contributions from veterans like Kemba Walker and Byron Mullens as well as draft picks Michael Kidd-Gilchrist and Jeffrey Taylor.
Mullens is averaging 14.5 points and 7.5 rebounds, and he's playing well defensively. The Bobcats are playing for new head coach Mike Dunlap and many of the players on their Summer League roster will be part of their rotation next season, which makes this an excellent learning experience for Mullens and his teammates. HOOPSWORLD's Steve Kyler caught up with Mullens in Las Vegas:


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Just add dirt! Cultivate your green thumb with this kit that has all the seeds and instructions you need to grow fresh and tasty herbs in a sunny window year-round. Start seedlings in your choice of recycled container (any size or material will do), and with a little nurturing, nature will reward you with a scrumptious assortment of homegrown herbs. This kit includes seeds for ten fragrant herbs, including dill, basil, mint, sage, marjoram, oregano, thyme, arugula, flat, & curly parsley. (Approximately 100 seeds for each herb are included.) For fledgling gardeners, instruction cards are included for each herb to help develop your knowledge of planting, care and harvesting practices. This kit also comes with pre-labeled, wooden garden markers for each herb.
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- details
Community Voted
- Item ID
- 21146
- Made from
- aluminum, glass, rubber, seeds, wood, card stock, recycled cardboard
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High Desert of Yakima Valley - 3/26/2013 Yakima is situated in the high desert, eastern elevations of the Cascade Mountain Range. Coming from the humid, eastern parts of the country, I was amazed at how enjoyable spring, summer and fall can be here in this much dryer climate. Especially the late spring and summer. Even 95 degrees out on the golf course brings little more than a dab of forehead persperation. Because of the rain sheild effects of the Cascade Mountains, the area if truely desert. I do miss the evergreen trees of Ohio, however, they are only about an hour away from Yakima, due west onto the mountain range. Yakima has a winter which is usually fairly short with a moderate amount of snow. That can change from year to year, however, and has been known to get occationally a large amount of snow and a longer, colder winter than usual.[read more...]
Baddddd - 8/28/2011 Yakima or otherwise crackima, bad place nothing to do and you know what it has a odor of meth in the outside air violence everywhare, law is not right, drinking problems downtown , no jobs, hot weather into october and november, not to mention the mayor is a kid give me a break. You know I dont like The fack all the child offenders the live everywhare. Spent 200,000 dollars on a 3 foot statue. A small LA or Detriot you know lile downfall dont come here its a ripoff. [read more...]
Yakima is not nice. - 5/15/2010 I'm 14 and have lived in Yakima all my life and there's nothing more that I want than to get out. I live in the 'good' part of town (Near West Valley). But truely in my opinion there is no good part of the this place. It is infested with gangsters, taggers, and all types of drugs. So I'm sure you would like this place if you would like to have someone you know get mugged on the street or hit by a stray bullet. My neighborhood is alright, there's just a little drug problem. Nothing big though. But you go over to the East side about 10 blocks and it's just straight ghetto. [read more...]
Changing jobs - 8/30/2008 Yakima is a very good place to live. It has over 300 days of sunshine a year and has a tremendous amount of activities from river and lake activities to skiing, to wine tours and much more. [read more...]
friendly people. - 1/30/2008 folks really enjoy living here. a town of about 80,000. quite a few over 59 year olds. people that live here don't plan on moving from here. they like the distinct four seasons, very cold to me, winters. absolutely beautiful spring and summer weather. no big city stuff, ie, downtown hookers, topless bars or things of that nature. great school system that the community is involved with and cares about. real estate is overvalued, the locals don't think so, they compare it to seattle,wa values. sorry this ain't seattle.[read more...]
Researching for Possible Move - 9/2/2007 Thank you for your website. Invaluable information on Yakima, WA for consideration in a relocation.[read more...]
If You Like Small Town Life This Place Is for You! - 7/22/2007 But, if you want to live in a progressive city, this is not it! Many attempts are under way to make it so, but no one person or employers seem to think about making things. Agriculture is still king, with a smattering of social service types of jobs, but the povery industry appears to keep the town afloat. Real estate is selling well with out of town investors interested in land, not people. No traffic jams here, but no really good public transportation either. Be prepared to be part of a town clique or not as you choose. Hasn't small town life always been like this?[read more...]
how's yakima? - 4/16/2006 We live in Bangor maine and though it's a great place for raising kids, we would like to live in a milder climate[read more...]
Kevin,can you contact me about Yakima? I have a qu - 3/24/2006 No SPAM email@example.com[read more...]
Great place to live, residents keep it a secret - 2/2/2006 Yakima, the city itself, is nothing exciting. However, it's unfair to judge the city of Yakima without considering the overall valley. Traditionally the valley economy has been based upon agriculture, which is still the primary focus of most valley residents either directly or indirectly. Ellensburg is home to a state university and is a typical cozy college town. Zillah is fast becoming the center of wine production in Washington state and touted as the next Napa. The entire valley is well known for apples, pears and hops. Mt. Rainer serves as the backdrop for the valley, and on a clear day Mt. Stevens and even Mt. St. Helens can be seen. Yakima is a desert type climate and not the typical picture one has in their mind when you say you live in Washington. The wet side of the mountains does provide great opportunities however, with Seattle 3hrs away and Portland, OR roughly a 3.5 hrs drive. Spokane is a little further out, but still very accesible in a day. You probably wouldn't want to visit these big cities in a day and then drive back, but a weekend trip is very easy and nice. The valley economy is not booming, but there are good jobs to be had whether you are a business professional or a worker bee. Home prices are very resonable, and one can easily find a comfortable house for 100-200K. Houses can be found for as little as 50-75K. Land can be found for as little as $2K an acre. Culturally, Yakima is not very diverse. The largest populations are white and hispanic. In fact the hispanic population is quite high in the Yakima valley, which in my opinion adds a great twist on life in Yakima. All other ethnicities are represented, but not very noticable in numbers. Growing up in the Washington DC area and living in only large cities up until moving to Yakima, this lack of cultural diversity was shocking. The people who live here however, tend to be extremely nice and accepting of others. The small town feeling is very much alive in Yakima, which I found very refreshing. It's the type of place where you run into your co-workers and neighbors in town. In conclusion, it's my belief Yakima is an up and coming town in central Washington, a diamond in the rough. It doesn't have everything, but that includes not having high taxes (no income tax in WA!), traffic congestion, or high crime. Overall, it's a great place to live.[read more...]


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April 25, 2012
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We are the Oklahoma Curling Club, a 501(c)(3) non-profit corporation formed in 2010 to promote the Olympic sport of curling in the state of Oklahoma. We offer open houses and Learn to Curl classes to the general public who would like to try curling. We also run curling leagues on Sunday evenings for those who would like to compete on a regular basis. Members of our club have participated in playdowns for national curling championships and in bonspiels (curling tournaments) all over North America.
If you have any questions about curling or our club, please send an email to email@example.com and one of our board members will get in touch with you. Or to be kept informed of upcoming club events, add your email address to our mailing list.
2014 Winter League Registration
Registration for the Winter League is now open. The league will run from January 5th through January 26th, Sundays at 6 PM. The cost is $95 per player. For a change of pace, we will be playing a Doubles League. You must be a member of the Oklahoma Curling Club to sign up.
Club merchandise now available
Club merchandise with the new club logo is now ready for you to order. Polo shirts, sweat shirts, hats and even beanies...or "toques" for you Canadian types...are available. All at very reasonable prices, and all to benefit the club. Download and print out your order form here. Pictures of the merchandise are now available on the "Shop" page.
"On The Rocks" Fundraising Campaign
The fundraising campaign to raise money for the Oklahoma Curling Club's rock cooler and carts has been launched. The funds raised will match the grant awarded to the club from the US Curling Association to pay for the items. The main thrust of the campaign will be the opportunity for individuals, groups, or companies to purchase a message that will be engraved on the handles of our stones. Each handle engraving costs $300. Several teams are already planning to purchase handles to leave a lasting mark on the club.


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Working Women
Virginia Heffernan has a great column in the New York Times Magazine called The Medium where she explores Internet culture. Her latest column struck a chord as it looks at working from home, particularly from a woman's point of view. She sings the praises of telecommuting – "this time in a feminist key." She argues that women have benefitted even more than men from telecommuting as it enables them to more easily juggle their workloads. We'd love you to weigh in on this argument. Let me know what you think. You can email me directly at email@example.com.


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Branford —- Chef Roy Ip lays a side of halibut the length of a pant leg on the counter and gently runs his powerful hands over the snowy flesh, probing for stray pin bones.
Suddenly, Ip leans in close, his nose less than inch from the fillet, and inhales.
"Smell it," he invites his guest. "Smells like nothing."
As it should, explains Ip, owner and chef of the acclaimed Le Petit Café in Branford. Fish, he says, should never smell fishy.
It's 11:30 a.m. and the 51-year-old Hong Kong native is already deep into preparation for that night's dinner service. Water roils in pots on the 12-burner gas range as the overhead exhaust hums a deep baritone.
Dressed in a blue padded Patagonia vest and sweat pants, stubble lining his face, Ip moves cat-like around his cozy rectangular kitchen. He and two assistants methodically clean vegetables, prepare curly-cued puffed pastry baskets for the restaurant's escargot appetizer and slide freshly constructed apple tarts into the ovens.
All is in keeping with Ip's philosophy that everything, from his rustic country bread to his truffle butter, both recipes closely guarded secrets, must be fresh, the best quality and homemade whenever possible.
The key to success in the often brutal restaurant business?
"You never anything for granted," Ip says. "Keep your integrity. Cherish what you have. Cherish the loyalty of your customers. And keep the consistency. Let the food talk to them."
Nearly Perfect
That devotion to excellence has catapulted Ip to the pinnacle of the local and national restaurant world, along with the pressure to stay on top.
In its most recent Connecticut ranking, the respected Zagat website, which rates thousands of eateries nationwide, named Ip's Le Petit Café the best restaurant in the state and one of the 30 best in the United States. Diners awarded the food at the intimate 50-seat bistro on the Branford Green a nearly perfect 29 out of a possible 30 points.
The ranking put Le Petit Café in the same league as some of the nation's most famous restaurants, including Thomas Keller's French Laundry and Eric Ripert's Le Bernardin. In contrast to others in the top 30, Ip achieved his top rating without a publicist, advertising or marketing.
"I believe in putting my money and my effort into the menu," he said.
But even as Ip savors his success, he and his wife Winnie, who co-owns the business, can't relax.
"We won't say we are negative," Ip says, sitting in his dining room with pictures on the walls of him with French cooking legends Jacques Pepín and Julia Child. "We are always concerned. We are always worried about what is next. It's like preventive health care. We do well, but the most important job is to keep up the standards. How to keep what you have."
It's an attitude born of Ip's hardscrabble childhood, his unlikely metamorphosis from Hong Kong gold trader into top chef and his long journey to success in a new country sometimes resistant to the idea of a Chinese chef cooking French food.
Sleeping on a Shelf
The fifth of six children, Ip was born in 1962 in Hong Kong. His father and grandfather had fled their south China home for the then-British colony not long before the 1949 communist revolution.
An electrician, Ip's father set up a small shop that doubled as the family home. The store was the size of a small living room, Ip says. The entire family slept in a two-to-three-foot-high shelf set inside one of the shop walls and reachable by ladder. His mother cooked food for all eight of them on the street.


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The Paracelsian Influence on Ottoman Medicine in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries
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Nil Sari* and M. Bedizel Zulfikar**
Table of contents
1. Introduction2. The textual sources of the Tibb-i Jadîd3. Influence of the Paracelsusian medicine4. Medical practice in the light of the Parcelsian influence5. Evaluation of the Parcelsian influence6. Bibliography7. Medical Manuscripts
This article was first published in the Transfer of Modern Science & Technology to The Muslim World. Proceedings of The International Symposium On "Modern Sciences and the Muslim World", Science and Technology from the West to the Muslim World from the Renaissance to the Beginning of the XXth Century, (Istanbul 2-4 September 1987) (Edited by Ekmeleddin Ihsanoglu), Istanbul 1992, pp. 157-179. We are grateful to Nil Sari, the main author of the article, for allowing publication.
1. Introduction
Galen's concept of medicine which dominated the medical world almost nearly for fifteen centuries began to loose its importance in the 16th century. Paracelsus (1493-1541) [1] who tried to eliminate the old medical concept, introduced a new medical understanding, based on chemical principles.
Large image
Figure 1: Portrait of Galen. Lithograph by Pierre Roche Vigneron. (Paris: Lithographie de Grégoire et Deneux, ca. 1865) (Source).
Besides, iatrochemists [2], iatropysichians [3] mechanists [4] and spiritualists [5] introduced new theories based on anatomy and other natural sciences. Their trends were popular during various periods [6] and consequently medical practice changed as well. Yet in the 18th century, the two fields of study, medicine and philosophy, were not definitely separated from each other [7].
Among these trends, the one that influenced the Ottoman medicine to a great extent was the trend started by Paracelsus and his followers. Paracelsus, whose name was spelled differently, such as "Barakelsus", "Baracelsus" and "Baraklisus", in the Ottoman medical writings, was introduced as a "Cermanî" (German) philosopher, or "hakîm" [8] from "Namca" (German or Austrian peoples) [9]. Paracelsus, a Swiss doctor, who was the representative of Renaissance chemistry, influenced Turkish medicine in many ways. We will try to describe these influences by means of examples.
2. The textual sources of the Tibb-i Jadîd
Although the Tibb-i Jadîd (New medicine) of that period has not yet been specifically studied, the Arabian copies of Sâlih bin Nasrullah's (d. 1669) [10] works have been studied [11]. Considering the importance and influence of the tradition of writing medical works in Turkish, which began in the 14th and 15th centuries and continued all through Ottoman medical history, we based our study on Turkish copies and so studied 17th and 18th centuries medical works highly influenced by Paracelsus [12]. Besides translations, amongst these works, there are also collections from different authors and also compilations and commentaries arranged and classified differently. When Tibb-i Cedîd is concerned, Paracelsus and his followers solely should not be considered. In the Tibb-i Cedîd literature many writers, be they followers of Paracelsus or not, such as Oswald Croll [13], Daniel Floravante [14], Sennert [15], some of them quite well known, others not heard about, were dictated.
Figure 2: Presumed portrait of Phillip von Hohenheim, known as Paracelsus (1493-1541), attributed to the school of Quentin Matsys (1466-1530). (Image in the public domain).
Sâlih b. Nasrullah who was highly influenced by Paracelsus, translated Fî hâzâ Kitâbu't-Tibb al-Jadîd el-Kimyâvî allazî ihtiraa-i Baraklisus [16] from him [17]. But his work Nuzhat al-Abdân fî Tarcuma-i Gâyat al-'ltkân may be taken as an exception in this respect, not any Paracelsusian influence being observable on it [18]. Because in the whole manuscript of 500 pages, in four long chapters, only one or two compositions of Paracelsus were quoted. In Nuzhat al-Abdân, new and old medicines are given comparatively. There are quotations from the representatives of the new medicine and European doctors and chemical doctors, along with those (such as bleeding) from Galen and Avicenna, the master of all [19]. Although there are a lot of quotations from German authors, such as "Senartus" (Sennert) [20], French "Gorduniyus" [21], and "Ferniliyus" [22], Austrian "Erfil Saksonî" [23], and "Felis" [24], only a few short pieces were quoted from Paracelsus [25]. In the third chapter of the first part "Ispenciyare" and the nineteenth article, instruments necessary for the pharmacologist and technological equipment such as distillatory to produce perfumes and pharmacological material for preparation of medicine, methods long ago known in the world of Islam, are handled. Here, only the technical methods are clearly explained, but theoretical knowledge is not included. The fourth part [26], which is referred as a translation from Paracelsus, in fact has no relation, either with Paracelsus or "Tibb-i Jadîd", the new medicine. Those who study the old medicine can see that this part deals with classical toxicology, beginning with measures to be taken against getting poisoned by metals, ending with the therapy of rabies.
In Tibb-i Kimyâî [27] by Omer Sinan al-Iznîkî, [28] whose works are affected by Paracelsus, "kimyâ" (chemistry) is described as an originally Greek word, the "himya", meaning analysis and decomposition. In this same work, Iznîkî states that some regard this science as the art of Hermes (Sanat-i Hermesiyye) [29] and others as the secrets of oracles (sirr-i kahânat) [30]. According to Iznîkî, the main purpose of these people was to improve the metals and turn copper into silver and silver into gold. In his opinion, this was the case until Paracelsus, a German (Baraklisus el-Cermanî) who came forth and developed the art of chemistry, made it a part of medicine and called it "espâgîrika" (which literally means chemistry).
In the Ottoman literature this art is described as chemical medicine, Tibb-i Kimyâî. This art comprises also philosophy (hikma) [31] and the secrets of nature (asrâr-i tabîat). But its main field of study is about minerals and their analysis and improvement by means of this art. According to the same work, if the primary aim of medical chemistry was improving minerals, the secondary aim was the protection of human health and the treatment of diseases. As we shall see later, Ottoman doctors were more interested in practice than with theories, philosophy and mysticism. However, books started with the theories of chemical physicians, such as Paracelsus' and Crollius', instead of the old theory of the four humours. Besides this, comparative quotations were made from Hermes, Aristotle and Plato. The ideas of Paracelsus and his followers occur intermingled with other philosophers' ideas.
The Kitâb-i Kunûz-i Hayât al-Insan Kavânîn-i Atibbâ-i Feylesofân [32] of Iznîkî consists of two parts. The first part begins with the philosophy of nature and the origin of species, whilst the second contains simple and compound medicine, administered and known to be useful, selected from famous books of skilled Arabian, Persian, Greek and European physicians. They are given under the titles of sap, oil, ointment, spirits, elixir and balsam etc. Here, also, the old and new medicines are intermixed [33].
Figure 3: Apparatus for distilling essence; furnace and bath (vapor heating). Source: Omer Sifâî, Jawhar al-Farîd fî Tibb al-Jadîd, Suleymaniye Library in Istanbul, MS Hamidiye 1020.
Another Ottoman physician influenced by Paracelsus is Omer Shifâî (death 1742) [34]. Shifâî informs in his book, Javhar al-Farîd fî al-Tibbi 'l-Jadîd [35] that the selected chemical medicine (Tibb-i Kimyaî) preparations, suitable for the rulers' temperament and the disposition of the noble, quoted from the books of Latin philosopher physicians (Hukemâ-i Latin Feylesoflan) and translated them from various European languages (Frenkce) to western Turkish (Turki-i Rûm) [36]. Shifâî, like Iznîkî, beginning with a definition and short history of chemistry, goes on to inform that a philosopher named the Austrian Paracelsus (Cermanî Baraklisus) came out and described the characteristics of different minerals and their effects, the way these minerals are influenced and directed by the movements of the heavens, and the origin of the plant and animal species. Being familiar with the secrets of stones, he divided the science of chemistry into different subjects, by strange terms and odd words; Paracelsus regarded chemistry as a branch of medicine and called it "Ispenciyâr" [37]. Shifâî is aware of the queerness of Paracelsus' theory; however he quotes this strange theory in his book. The subject matter and the text of this book is similar to that of Iznîkî.
There are quotations from Paracelsus and his followers in Shifâî's works Minhâj al-Sifat fî al-Tibb al-Kimyâî [38] and Tibb-i Jadîd al-Kimyâî [39].
Figure 4: Several kinds of stills and the double boiler (Bain Marie). Source: O. Sifâî, Jawhar al-Farîd fî Tibb al-Jadîd, Suleymaniye Library, MS Hamidiye 1020.
Gevrekzâde Hafiz Hasan Efendi (d. 1801) [40] states in the beginning of this book Mursid al-Alibba fî Tarcamati Ispagorya [41] that he had made translations from Paracelsus and Crollius and added commentaries to them' [42].
Another important book on the Paracelsusian new medicine (Tibb-i Jadîd) is Kasîr al-Naf', of which the author is unknown [43]. Differing from the books of the above mentioned writers, this book, existing in only one known copy, is the most comprehensive book on the new medicine (Tibb-i Jadîd).
3. Influence of the Paracelsusian medicine
In what way did the Paracelsusian medicine influence the Ottoman medicine?
The main change concerns the philosophy of medicine which had a great impact on the old humoral pathology theory. But from time to time this new theory was mixed up with the humoral theory. According to the humoral theory, which explains the composition of matter and comments on illnesses, everything is composed of four elements, namely fire, air, water and earth. In accordance with the same theory, matter is composed of four properties, coldness, warmness, dryness and moistness; there are four humours in the body: blood, phlegm, yellow bile and black bile, besides four temperaments, sanguine, phlegmatic, choleric, melancholic [44].
The above mentioned elements, which formed the basis of the old medicine, were included in the "great secret" (Sirr-i Akbar). The divine secret implies the creator, indefinable, invisible, unconceivable and indescribable. The whole universe, images, forms, colours, tastes, etc., are born from the divine secret [45]. He also is the beginning of life as well as the beginning of motion, force and dispositions. However, it is also clear that it was not easy to give up the humoral theory which was approved for centuries without a doubt. Therefore, the humoral theory got mixed with the new theory. When God created the matter in its first form (hayûli-i awalî) and the great secret, four elements (anâsir-i arbaa) emerged from it. All living creatures are made up of the four elements. These elements have visible (zâhirî) and invisible (bâtînî) aspects. Internal (bâtînî) secrets are hidden inside. These are impossible to change or spoil. Only the visible form can be disintegrated, spoiled or change form [46].
Figure 5: Several kinds of apparatus used in the process of sublimation; furnace, the double boiler and stills. (O. Sifâî, Jawhar al-Farîd fî Tibb al-Jadîd, Suleymaniye Library, MS Hamidiye 1020).
According to Paracelsus and his followers, the elements consist in two forms, external and internal. Physic is an example of the external element and the ego or soul (nafs) is an example for the internal element. The internal element is the one that provides for continuation of the species. The external element is the part which can be changed and spoiled [47]. In alchemy and chemistry, the properties of the four elements are described as: earth (the visible solid part), fire (the secret and fine part), water (visible liquid form), and air (the invisible gaseous form) [48].
Paracelsus does not deny completely the role of the four elements as a material factor of illness and health; however they are not as affective as the school of Calinos claims. What is important is the existence of the three principles in each organ. The first principle is combustibility; the second is volatility; and the third is incombustibility and remain as ash. Paracelsus calls the three principles as sulphur, mercury and salt [49].
We find this new point of view reflected in the Ottoman medical literature as in the following phrases [50]:
"Those who are the followers of the new medicine said of the composition of things that, objects are consistent of three essential elements:
Sulphur (kibrît): the solid, stable principle; oiliness (duhniyyet) salt (milh): extract, sap, stable dense earth (sabit galiz arzî);
Mercury (zibak): volatility principle (rutubet-i seyyare); volatile gas (ruh-i tâîre): vaporizable, which could not resist fire.
All matter is composed of these three essences. As a result of this existence in three forms, there is:
Mineral salt, mineral mercury and mineral sulphur; plant salt, plant mercury and plant sulphur; animal salt, animal mercury and animal sulphur. The essence of all poisons is salt [51]."
Figure 6: Turning a fistula into in rhinophyma treatment by a Muslim surgeon. Miniature in Sharaf al-Din Sabuncuoglu's book Cerrahiyat al-Hâniyya. Picture copied by the permission of Nil Sari and Ulker Erke (The 38th International Congress on History of Medicine, Turkish Medical History Through Miniature Pictures Exhibition, responsibles U. Erke and N. Sari, Istanbul 2002).
In medical manuscripts, under the title "Hermes' words", we find this statement:
"Mercury (the volatile principle) is primarily a spirit; sulphur (the solid principle) is primarily the ego (nafs) and salt (extract/hulasa), which is primarily an object" [52].
As a result of Paracelsus and his followers' influence, the Hermetic philosophy gained importance and technical methods such as distillation, boiling and calcification, intermingled with philosophy.
Paracelsus' concept of the Universe was composed of natural magic, Hermetic philosophy, alchemy, astrology and divinity. This new philosophy and practice, based on chemical studies and analogies [53], was introduced into the Ottoman literature as "Tibb-i Jadîd", the new medicine.
Another important change which took place, as a result of the influence of Paracelsus, is the appearance of the philosophy of nature in medical literature.
According to Paracelsus, creation and the appearance of species with their special characteristics, as well as the protection of these characteristics, and also the transformation and the degeneration of the characteristics of species, took place in three phases [54]:
In the first step, the "activating thought" causes plant, mineral and animal species, to mature. In the second phase, the power hidden in the matter makes the first form of the matter. In the third phase, the protection of the species is realized by a divine order.
Yet, some objects, for example celestial elements could not be changed or degenerated. However, some objects can change through the influence of the moon and the stars.
Thus, we see that subjects dealt with in the books of philosophy, astrology and secret sciences, mixed up with theology, began to penetrate into medical literature, a subject not found in the older Ottoman medical manuscripts. Astrology, allegory of micro and micro cosmos [55], the idea that star constellations influence human fate, health and illness, existed since the ancient Greeks. But these were not included in Ottoman medical works, which could be identified as secular, before the new medicine (Tibb-i Jadîd). The idea that stars could cause illness for their distant places did not agree with the old medical thought, which was an extension of the Aristotelian logic and Hippocratic medicine [56].
Figure 7: The Gate of Topkapi Palace.
Paracelsus, while replying the questions "what is a human being", "what is a disease", established a relation between the micro cosmos, the human being and the universe. Since the world and the human being originated from the nature and the creator, the human being and illnesses should be studied together with them [57].
Thus, in "Tibb-i Jadîd" literature, subjects related to the bases of existence, reproduction of plants and animals, increase of minerals were described sometimes in relation with philosophy and sometimes depending on observation and quotations. In the writings about the mating of animals, it is said that some animals reproduced by putrefaction and so here we see the old medical theory of spontaneous generation.
The existence and increase of plants and metals were realized as a result of the motion of the heavens, rising and setting and the distance of celestial bodies. However, the heavens, which are the source of existence in the great sphere (Kura-i Ulyâ), are not in need of the source of birth and existence, because they are mature enough, they won't change or degenerate. Besides the endless effects, such as winds, rain and snow, stars have visible impressions in this universe, such as minerals, plants and animals [58].
A body grows its characteristic form, develops and matures. Between two species, which attained complete maturity, a new species resembling both of them can arise. For example, as a mule is breeder from a donkey and a horse; a high breed, from a dog and a wolf, another kind of metal or plant can be produced from two kinds [59]. Thus, a radish ("salgam": Semen Rapae) may mutate to be a turnip ("turp": Semen Raphani) and a mint ("yarpuz": M. pulegium) from a pennyroyal ("nane": Mentha priperita). If you split a citron ("agac kavunu": C. medica) and a flax seed ("keten tohumu": Semen Lini) is sown into it, and buried in the ground, a new plant, similar to the two main species, grows. One of the kinds being dominant over the other, the new product will be more similar to it [60]. And here, it is emphasized within the framework of alchemy concept, that as a result of the mating of two species from the same family, hybrids will arise and, in the meantime, some very strange examples are given. According to this theory, this is valid for stones, too. Indeed, the essence of diamond is lead, of emerald, copper and of ruby, iron. What substances turn into crystals, are explained here. But, conclusions impossible to arrive by means of the knowledge and technology of the age are reached by speculation and analogy [61].
Figure 8: Several kinds of apparatus used in the process of sublimation: stills, condensers; apparatus for distilling essence. (O. Sifâî, Jawhar al-Farîd fî Tibb al-Jadîd, Suleymaniye Library, MS Hamidiye 1020).
According to the news from the Europe (Frengistan), strange creatures, born as animals, growing up as plants or vice versa are said to have been seen in Holland [62]. These remind us Pliny's [63] stories. All these examples aim to show us that the shapes of objects are changeable, but the essential species that is internal, being permanent, will not change.
A concept of life and soul was developed for all objects, too. Objects have special qualities and characteristics of their own species, in maturity. These characteristics of each species appear in motion, colour and form.
If a mineral has vitality, its character and qualities are permanent. For this reason, minerals can increase. In Kasîru'n-Naf', the following stories from Austria (Namca) are quoted:
"There was gold ore in that land. It increased in every four years, reaching its original amount. They dug out lead ore in Croat and Latin Europe (Latin'de) and found silver. And there was iron ore, which increased every ten years to attain its former amount. They found sand containing copper, which they dug some time later and saw that it had changed into gold. Other minerals and stones are similar. And they said that it is the only one order (amr-i vâhid) that establishes all connections. Yet, the kind of metal which it's going to transform depends on the ability of the mineral" [64]. Here, besides the transmutation of minerals, it is spoken of the existence of a power which forms minerals that were formed in millions of years, in ten or fifteen years. There is a spirit of every mineral, which establishes connections [65]. The vital principle, which Paracelsus called "archaeus", is the power that provides for the vitality of the organism.
Paracelsus assumes in his "Volumen Paramirum" that, there are four factors determining health and illness, which we find in Ottoman medical manuscripts influenced by Paracelsus, too [66]. Of these we note the "ens astrale" and "ens naturale" concepts. Those born within a certain period of time have a fate depending upon their birth days; but at the same time they are unlike, because the effects of the stars are different. Consequently, human beings are unlike [67] [68]. Another concept often mentioned in the Turkish medical writings is "ens veneni", that is the fact that matter has both good and evil properties [69].
Figure 9: The Gate of Divrigi Dar Al-Shifa, Divrigi/Sivas, Turkey. Ord. Prof. Dr. A. Süheyl Unver Nakishanesi Yorumuyla Divrigi Ulucami ve Sifahanesi Tas Bezemeleri, VIII. Turk Tip Tarihi Kongresi 16-18 Haziran 2004 Sivas-Divrigi (ed. Nil Sari, G. Mesara, N. Colpan), Istanbul 2004, p. 27.
Another important influence of Paracelsusian school of medicine on the Ottoman medicine is the occurrence of the idea of micro and micro cosmos in the "Tibb-i Jadîd" manuscripts. "Âlem-i sagîr" represented the human being, that is micro cosmos; "Âlem-i akbar" represented the universe (stars, heavens), that is macro cosmos. Both the human being and the universe consist of the spirit and visible, physical aspects.
The essence of all creatures exists in the human being. The heart, which is the beginning of life in man, is like the sun. The sun, which is the source of life in animals, plants and minerals, is the source of the secret sciences, as well. There are seven organs in man, corresponding to the seven planets. The brain relates to the Moon, lungs to Mercury, gall bladder to Mars, spleen to Saturn, genital organs to Venus, and liver to Jupiter, in the same way as the Sun relates to the heart. We find facts in man, similar to those in nature. As there are earthquakes on earth, there are trembling and shiver in man; man urinate and has diarrhoea, as it rains in the world [70].
This is briefly all that is introduced from the theory of Paracelsus to the medical literature, by the Ottoman physicians.
[1] Paracelcus (Theophrastus Bombastus von Hohenheim Paraceicus) (1493-1541); Born in Switzerland, he took his doctors decree on Leonicenus and afterwards travelled all over Europe. He come to Basel in 1527 and worked there as a professor of medicine. Paracelsus introduced "chemical therapy", using inorganic compounds (especially minerals) and started to teach in German, instead of Latin, which had been used until then, and wrote his works in his native language, German. (See: Ernst Kaiser: Paracelsus. Hamburg, 1984; H.E. Sigerist: On the History of Medicine. New York, 1960, pp. 162-176; F.H. Garrison: op. cit., pp. 204-207).
[2] Iatrochimique: The chemistry school: The school accepting the concepts regarding vital events as a series of chemical reactions. The founder of this school, von Helmont of Belgium (1577-1644), like his teacher Paracelsus, believes that all physiological processes in the body are controlled by a special spirit and also believes that all physiological events are chemical. The other prominent names of this school are Sylvius and Willis. (See: F.H. Garrison: op. cit., pp. 261-264 Also see: F.N. Uzluk: Genel Tip Tarihi I. Ankara, 1958, p. 158; B. Sehsuvaroglu: Eczacilik Tarihi Dersleri. Istanbul, 1970, p. 210).
[3] Iatrophysique: School of mathematics: The school that tries to explain all physiological or vital events by the laws of physics. According to this concept, all physiological events are considered to be a result of physical laws. The prominent names of this school are Descartes, Borelli and Sanctorius. (See: F.H. Garrison: op. cit., pp. 257-261; Also see: F.N. Uzluk: op. cit., p. 115; B. Sehsuvaroglu: op. cit., p. 210).
[4] Mechanacalism: the school of mechanism: the school which regards, all kinds of activity of all creatures could be explained in accordance by the laws of physics and mechanics. (See: O. Hancerlioglu: Felsefe Ansiklopedisi. Istanbul, 1977, 4. vol., p. 117).
[5] Spiritualism: The theory that tries to explain the act of will and ail kinds of behaviour within the frame of spiritual factor rather than physiological processes. (See: O. Hancerlioglu: op. cit., 5 vol. p. 358).
[6] See: H.E. Sigerist: op. cit., pp. 67-68.
[7] See: H.E. Sigerist: Ibid. p. 80.
[8] Hakîm: Philosopher: Acquiring theoretical learning; forming the habit of trying to do one's best in everything he tries to and so achieving the perfection of the soul. The alchemists also called their art "hikma". (See: Islam Ansiklopedisi. Istanbul, 1977, 5/1. vol., p. 481).
[9] See foot note number 15.
[10] Sâlih b. Nasrullah (7-1669): Known as "Ibn Sellum", he was educated in medicine in Aleppo Hospital. He worked for the governor Aleppo, Ibsir Pasha. On coming to Istanbul he worked in Fatih Hospital as the head physician and in 1656 he was promoted to be minister of health, which position he continued to hold until his death. (See: B. Sehsuvaroglu: op. cit., pp. 293-298; B. Sehsuvaroglu: Turk Tip Tarihi. Bursa, 1985, pp. 95-100; K.S. Kolta: "Hekimbasi Sâlih b. Nasrullah b. Sellum'un gorusune gore Paracelsus". Turk-Alman Tibbi Iliskileri Sempozyum Bildirileri, 18-19 Ekim 1976, Istanbul, 1981, pp. 93-94; Mehmed Tahir (Bursali): Osmanli Muellifleri. Istanbul, 1975, 3. vol., p. 230).
[11] In his above mentioned article, Kolta declares that Ernst Seidel, M. Meyerhof-Monerot-Dumaine, Georges Vajda, Felix Franke-Klein and Paul Richter made several studies on the subject and especially on Nasrullah's work, Gâyat al-Itkan, written in Arabic. (See: op. cit., pp. 94-95).
[12] List of the manuscripts studied: Sâlih b. Nasrullah's works studied: Fî hâzâ Kitâbu't-Tibbe'l-Jadîd el-Kimyai Ellezî Ihtiraa-i Baraklisus. Suleymaniye Library. Hafîd Efendi Section. No: 269/1: Ayasofya Section, No: 367/1. (Arabian Manuscript); Nuzhet al-Abdân fî Tarcamai Gâyat al-Itkân. Cerrahpasa Medical History Department Library. No: 539, 544; Fatih Millet Library. Tib Section. No: 328. (Turkish Manuscript). Omer b. Sinan's works studied: Kitâb-i Kunûz-i Hayât al-lnsan Kavânîn-i Atibbâ-i Feylesofan. Istanbul University Library T. Y. 7140. (Turkish Manuscript); Shifâ al-Muminîn (Al-Tibb-i Kimyâî). Istanbul University Library. T.Y. 7083. (Turkish Manuscript). Omer Shifâî's works studied: Jawhar al-Ferîd fî al-Tibb al-Jadîd. Cerrahpasa Medical History Deparment Library. No: 196/1. (Turkish Manuscript); Minhac al-Shifâî fî al-Tibb al-Kimyâî. Istanbul University Library. T. Y. 7072. (Turkish Manuscript); Tibb-i Jadîd al-Kimyâî. Istanbul University Library. T. Y. 7103. (Turkish Manuscript). Gevrekzâde Hâfiz Hasan's works studied: Mursîd al-Alibbâ fî Tarcamati Ispagorya, Istanbul University Library. T. Y. 7085; Cerrahpasa Medical History Department Library. No: 161/1. (Turkish Manuscripts); Tarcama-i Tibb al-Jadîd al-Kimyâî li Baraklisus. Cerrahpasa Medical History Department Library. No: 668. (Turkish Manuscript); Kasîr al-Nef'; Cerrahpasa Medical History Department Library. No: 434.
[13] Oswald Croll (1580-1609): Physician and iatrochemist. He was the private doctor of Prince Christian von Anhalt Bemburg and Ral Kaiser Rudolphs II. In his book "Basilica Chymica", he put forth similar medical concepts as Paracelsus and introduced many new medical compositions. (See: Brockhouse Enzyklopadie. Wiesbaden. 1968, 4. vol. p. 206).
[14] Florovanti (1520-1582): Italian alchemIst.
[15] Daniel Sennert (Senartus) (1572-1637): Sennert, who was a professor at Wittenberg, in 1602, combined Galen's and Paracelsus' medicine in his studies; he explained the application of chemistry in medicine and also remarked to the weak points of Aristotle's philosophy. (See: Brockhouse Enzyklopadie. 17. vol., p- 311).
[16] Sâlih b. Nasrullah: Fî hâzâ Kitâb al-Tibb al-Jadîd el-Kimyai allazî Ihtiraa-i Baraklisus. (Arabian Manuscript). Suleymaniye Library. Hafîd Efendi Section. No: 269/1: Character of calligraphy: "nesih", inscription date: XII. century; Ayasofya Section, No: 367/1: Character of calligraphy: "nestalik", inscription date: 17 September 1087.
[17] Sâlih b. Nasrullah: op. cit.
[18] The copies of Nuzhet al-Abdân fî Tarcamai Gâyat al-ltkân studied in this paper are: Fatih Millet Library. Tib Section, No: 328: Character of calligraphy: "talik", copy date: 1153; Cerrahpasa Medical History Department Library; No: 544: Character o f calligraphy: "nesih", copy date: 1166, calligraphist: Al-Hajj Mustafa b. Ahmet, written in date: 1141, translator: Hayatizâde Mustafa Fevzi.
[19] There are quotations from Ibn Sînâ in the said manuscript of Sâlih b. Nasrullah. (See: Fatih Millet Library; number: 328, fols.: 202a, 198a) and from Galen (Ibid., fols.: 210a). There are more examples to refer to.
[20] Sâlih b. Nasrullah: Fatih Millet Library: No: 328, fols.: 68a, 231b, 378b.
[21] Sâlih b. Nasrullah: Ibid., No; 328, fols.: 232a.
[22] Sâlih b. Nasrullah: Ibid., No: 328. fols.: 378b.
[23] Sâlih b. Nasrullah: Ibid., No: 328, fols.: 378b.
[24] Sâlih b. Nasrullah: Ibid. No: 328, fols.: 378b.
[25] Sâlih b. Nasrullah: Ibid., No: 328, fols.: 193a.
[26] Sâlih b. Nasrullah: Ibid., No: 328, fols.: 369b, 453b.
[27] Omer b. Sinan el-Iznîkî: Shifâ al-Muminin (el-Tibb al-Kimyâî). Istanbul University Library. T. Y. 7083: Character of calligraphy: "nesih", copy date: 1107, Iznîkî is also the calligraphist of this copy, fols., 3b.
[28] Omer b. Sinan el-Iznîkî: One of the famous 18th century medical scientists of the Ottoman world. He has books on medical chemistry. (See: Mehmed Tahir (Bursali): op. cit., 3. vol., p. 228).
[29] Sanat-i Hermesiye: The art of Hermes. Hermes (Hermes Trismegitus): A god of the Hellenistic period was defined as a legendry alchemist in Egypt, according to the speculations of the late antic period. Most of the ancient works on chemistry were later referred to Hermes. (See: Colin A. Ronan: Science Its History and Development Among the World's Cultures. New York, 1982. Also see: Zeki Tez: Kimya Tarihi. Ankara, 1968, pp. 52-54; O. Hancerlioglu: op. cit., 2 vol., pp. 310-312).
[30] Omer b. Sinan: op. cit., Istanbul University Library. T. Y. 7083, See the preface: fols. 3b-31b.
[31] Hikma: "Wisdom": According to scholars "wisdom" is acquiring theoretical sciences and achieving the maturity of one's soul by forming the habit of doing one's best. Alchemists used to call their science "hikma". (See: Islam Ansiklopedisi. Istanbul, 1977 5/1. vol., p. 481).
[32] Omer b. Sinan el-Iznîkî: Kitâb-i Kunûz-i Hayat al-insan Kavânîn-i Etibbâ-i Feylesofân. Istanbul University Library. T. Y. 7140: Character of calligraphy: "nesih."
[33] Omer b. Sinan: op. cit., fols.: 2 a-b.
[34] Omer Sifâî (?-l 742): He was born in Sinop. He was initiated to the Mevlevî order of dervishes and reached to the position of the "Dedelik" (Sheikh) and was called "Dervis Omer Sifai". Having visited Konya, Cairo and many other cities and towns, he finally settled in Prussia and served as a head physician at Yildirim Beyazid Hospital. See: F. Nafiz Uzluk: "Bursali Tabib Mevlevî Omer Sefâî Dede". Dirim, sayi: 25, 1950, pp.: 170-175. Also see: KB. Kurdoglu: Sair Tabipler. Istanbul, 1967, pp. 192-194; Mehmed Tahir (Bursali): op. cit., 3 vol. -pp. 228-229.
[35] Copies of Omer Sifai's we studied: Jawhar al-farîd fît al-Tibb al-Jadîd: Cerrahpasa Medical History Department Library. No: 196/1: Character of calligraphy: "nesih", copy date: 1112, calligraphist: Hamza Pasazâde Mehmed Serîf, Fatih Millet Library. Tip Section: 77: Character of calligraphy: "nesih", inscription date: 1174.
[36] Omer Sifai: op. cit., No: 196/1, fols.: 2 a-b.
[37] Omer Sifai: Ibid, No 196/1, Preface, fols.: 3a.
[38] Omer Sifai: Minhâcu's-Sifâî fî al-Tibb al-Kimyâî. Istanbul University Library, T.Y. 7072: Character of calligraphy: "nesih", inscription date: 1169, Preface, fols: 6b-7a, for the medical composition, see: fols. 77a.
[39] Omer Sifai: Tibb al-Jadîd al-Kimyâî. Istanbul University Library. T.Y. 7103: Character of calligraphy: "talik", inscription date: 1264.
[40] Gevrekzâde Hafiz Hasan Efendi (7-1801): After graduating from madrasa, he was employed as an instructor at Suleymaniye Medical School. Later he was appointed as the chief physician. He wrote several medical works. (See: Suheyl Unver: "Gevrekzâde Hafiz Hasan". Yuz Tip Buyugu Takvimi. Istanbul, 1953.)
[41] Gevrekzâde Hafiz Hasan: Mursîd al-Alibbâ fî Tarcamati Ispagorya (Durru al-Mansur. Cerrahpasa Medical History Department Library. No: 161/1: Character of calligraphy: "nestalik", inscriber: Seyyid Mehmed Riza, inscription date: 1259; Istanbul University Library. T.Y. 7085 Character of calligraphy: "talik", inscriber: Nafizzâde Ahmed Hamid, inscription date: 1241.
[42] Gevrekzâde Hafiz Hasan: op. cit., No: 161/1, fols., 4b-5a.
[43] Kasîr al-Naf': Cerrahpasa Medical History Department Library. No: 434.
[44] See: E.G. Browne: Arabian Medicine. London, 1962, Cambridge University Press; M. Ullmann: Islamic Surveys II. Edinburgh, 1978, Edinburgh University Press.
[45] Kasîr al-Naf': fol.: 2b.
[46] Kasîr al-Naf': fols. 3b-4a; Gevrekzâde Hafiz Hasan: op. cit., Istanbul University Library. No: 7085, fols.: 9a; Omer b. Sinan: Sifa al-Muminin. Istanbul University Library. No: 7083, fols.: 7a-b.
[47] Kasîr al-Naf': fol.: 4b; Omer b. Sinan: Ibid., No: 7083, fols: 8a-b.
[48] Kasîr al-Naf': fol.: 4a; Omer b. Sinan: Ibid., No: 7083, fols.: 7b-8a.
[49] See Staislas Klossowski de Rola, The Secret Art of Alchemy, London, 1973, p. 19; H.E. Sigerist: op. cit., p. 170. For detailed data on the theories of Paracelsus, see: Walter Pagel: "Paracelsus Theophrastus Phillipus Aureoulu Bombastus von Homenheim'. Dictionary of Scientific Biography, vol. X, Ed. C.C. Gillispie, New York, 1974, pp. 304-313; Colin A. Ronan: Science Its History and Development Among The World's Cultures. New York, 1982, p. 310; Ernst Kaiser: Paracelsus. Hamburg, 1969; E.J. Holmyard: Alchemy. 'Great' Britain 1968, pp. 165-176.
[50] Kasîr al-Naf': fols.: 6b-7 a-b; Omer b. Sinan: op. cit., No: 7083, fols.; 8a.
[51] Kasîr al-Naf': Jol.: 7a.
[52] Kasîr al-Naf': Jol.: 7a.
[53] Allen C. Debus: Myticism and Rise of Modem Science, pp. 47, 49.
[54] Kasîr al-Naf': fols.: 8 a-b; Omer b. Sinan: op. cit., No: 7083, fols.: 8b-9 a-b.
[55] The universe and the world are an integrated whole. The sun stars and planets influence plants, animals and human beings. Consequently, drugs prepared from plants, animals and minerals are under the influence of the universe. The idea reflects the relationship between the macro cosmos and the micro cosmos. (See: T.P. Sherlock: "The Chemical Work of Paracelsus". Journal of the Society for the Study of Alchemy and Early Chemistry, vol. III, May 1948, No: 1 and 2, pp. 34-35.)
[56] See: Allen G. Debus: op. cit., p. 53.
[57] See: T.P. Sherlock: op cit., pp. 33-63. Also see: The Philosophical Background. pp. 34-35.
[58] Kasîr al-Naf': fols.: 8b.
[59] Kasîr al-Naf': fols.: 9a.
[60] Kasîr al-Naf': fob.: 9 a-b. Another story like this is recorded in Kunûz-i Hayât al-lnsan Kavanîn-i Atibbâ-i Feylesofân by Omer b. Sinan. (fols.: 5 a-b.)
[61] Kasîr al-Naf': fols.; 9 a-b.
[62] Kasîr al-Naf': fols.; 9b-10a.
[63] Pliny (23-79 A.D.): A writer of "Natural History", also including the subject's medicine, geography, meteorology, anthropology, botany, zoology and mineralogy. During the middle Ages, it was translated into several languages, in the east and west. In this book of the classical period many strange stories are told in it. (See: F.H. Garrison: op. cit., p. 112.)
[64] Kasîr al-Naf': fols.: 6 a-b.
[65] See: F. H. Garrison: op. cit., p. 205; Sigerist; op. tit., pp. 169-170.
[66] Sigerist: Ibid., p. 169.
[67] Kasîr al-Naf': fols., 11 a-b.
[68] Sigerists: op. cit., p. 169.
[69] Kasîr al-Naf'
[70] Kasîr al-Naf': fols.: 11b-12a.
* Professor Ph.D., Istanbul University Cerrahpasa Medicine Faculty, Department of Deontology and History of Medicine.
** Researcher on the history of medicine, Istanbul.
by: FSTC Limited, Wed 25 February, 2009


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- Ron Jaworski, ESPN NFL Analyst - Thursday December 5A recap of the Cardinals game in Philly and what to expect against the Rams.
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- Bruce Arians- Arizona Cardinals Head Coach - Monday December 2Bruce Arians discusses the poor officiating Sunday against the Eagles.
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Abbey: "I believe in you, Mr. President"
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How has education reform affected me? Simple: Without assistance from the government I would not be going to school. I am 21 years old and I work three jobs to help support my disabled mother who is on Social Security, and even with my leftover pay, I still would not have had enough to go to school.
Thanks to student loans and education reform I am now a successful political science student at Eastern Michigan University, I am involved in student government, I am the fundraising coordinator for Model U.N., and I am the president of the College Democrats club. This summer, thanks to my summer financial aid, I have been accepted into a program at my dream school of Georgetown.
I will be living, studying, and interning in D.C. because I was able to afford to go to school. I want to say, from the bottom of my heart, thank you. Thank you for all the work you do for our country. I believe in change and I believe in you, Mr. President.
—Abbey, Northville, MI
Like Abbey, we all have our reasons for supporting President Obama. Be sure to share yours today.
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COLORADO SPRINGS, COLO. -- On Thursday, August 6, the Sky Sox hosts its inaugural "Guns 'n' Hoses" softball tournament, presented by Del Taco, which pitz teams from the Colorado Springs Police Department, El Paso County Sheriff's Office, Colorado Springs Fire Department and the Consolidated Fire Departments of El Paso County.
There will be three games played in advance of the Sky Sox 7:05 p.m. contest against the Nashville Sounds (Triple-A affiliate of the Milwaukee Brewers).
El Paso County Fire will face Colorado Springs Fire Department at 3 p.m., followed by a game between El Paso County Sheriff's Office and Colorado Springs Police Department at 4 p.m.
The winning Fire Department will face the winning Police Department in the Guns 'n' Hoses Championship game at 5 p.m.
Each of the semi-final games will be five innings in length (with a maximum time of 45 minutes), while the championship game will be seven innings long (with a maximum time of 60 minutes).
All three games take place at Security Service Field and are open to the public with the purchase of a game ticket for the Sky Sox game for Thursday evening.
The Colorado Springs Fire Department will donate its fundraiser proceeds to the family of fallen Colorado Springs Police Department Officer Michael Builta, while the Colorado Springs Police Department will split its fundraiser proceeds between the Police Athletic League and Officer Builta's family.
The El Paso County Sheriff's Office will donate its fundraiser proceeds to Safe Passage, and the fundraiser proceeds from the Consolidated Fire Departments of El Paso County will benefit a select charity which has not yet been announced.
Fundraiser tickets for the event must be purchased in advance and are available through each of the four participating organizations.
Information provided by Colorado Springs Sky Sox.


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The Crackpot Gap: Why It May Be A Boon To Democrats But A Danger To America Robert Reich September 17, 2010 http://robertreich.org/post/1137498956 After the victories of many of the insurgent primary candidates she's sponsored, Sarah Palin is off to Iowa today (Friday) for a high-profile series of political events. Is it possible she's looking to make a run in 2012? Do birds fly? Republicans are being fueled by a so-called "enthusiasm gap" but their biggest worry leading up to the midterms should be the "crackpot gap." In Delaware, Palin-endorsed tea partier Christine O'Donnell is so far right she's called "delusional" by Delaware's GOP leader. In Kentucky, Palin-favored Rand Paul says the Civil Rights Act of 1964 shouldn't apply to businesses. In Colorado, tea partier Ken Buck talks of getting rid of the 17th amendment, which provides for the direct election of senators. In Arizona, Palin- favored Sharon Angle has called for "2nd Amendment remedies" if Congress doesn't change hands. Many Americans these days don't like Congress and are cynical about government. The lousy economy has made almost all incumbents targets of the public's anger and anxiety. But if there's one thing Americans like even less it's people pretending to be legitimate politicians whose views are so far removed from those of ordinary Americans that they pose a danger to our system of governance. In the latest Wall Street Journal/NBC News poll, a third of undecided voters had a negative view of the tea party movement. 13 percent of those who said they prefer Republicans to win control of Congress this fall also reported a negative view of the tea-partiers. The latest CBS poll shows that 40 percent of voters viewed Sarah Palin negatively in August; today, 46 percent do. When Newt Gingrich, who has all but declared his candidacy for president in 2012, says President Obama exhibits "Kenyan anti-colonial" behavior, and that allowing an Islamic center near New York's Ground Zero is tantamount to permitting Nazi's near the Holocost Museum, he doesn't sound like an ordinary American. He sounds like a hate-mongering crackpot. We're not dealing with "extremism in defense of liberty," as Barry Goldwater put it in 1964 (and even then, a large majority of Americans decided against him). We're dealing with extremism that defies the principles undergirding our Constitution. Some Democrats think all this is wonderful because it boosts the odds of Democratic wins, not only in the midterms but also in 2012 when the Republicans put up Palin, Gingrich, or someone equally bizarre. Even voters who are are unenthusiastic about Democrats will be motivated to turn out if they fear that crackpots will otherwise take over our government. I'm not as sanguine about what's happening. Political discourse in America is important. What candidates say can legitimize hateful or divisive views that would otherwise never see the light of day. We're in the midst of an ongoing economic emergency that requires clear thinking, intense work, and practical ideas. It also requires that we join together rather than be pushed apart. The loonies who are taking over the GOP pose a real and present danger. _____________________________________________ Portside aims to provide material of interest to people on the left that will help them to interpret the world and to change it. Submit via email: [log in to unmask] Submit via the Web: portside.org/submit Frequently asked questions: portside.org/faq Subscribe: portside.org/subscribe Unsubscribe: portside.org/unsubscribe Account assistance: portside.org/contact Search the archives: portside.org/archive
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text:
ex officio
Definition from Nolo's Plain-English Law Dictionary
(ex oh-fish-ee-oh) Latin for "from the office." Used when someone holds one position because of the authority he or she has from another position (such as being on a committee simply because one is president of the corporation).
Definition provided by Nolo's Plain-English Law Dictionary.
August 19, 2010, 5:15 pm