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Male redbacks' risky foreplay ritual
Wednesday, 21 October 2009
Foreplay can be a matter of life or death for the male redback spider in a courtship ritual that appears even more demanding than previously thought.
Borders tell tales on land management
Monday, 14 September 2009
Sensitive political borders between countries in the Middle East and in other parts of the world are providing clues on how best to manage the land, say ecologists.
Gecko tails dance to their own tune
Wednesday, 9 September 2009
Geckos are known to discard their tail to distract a predator, but researchers have discovered what happens to the appendage after its owner flees.
Permafrost melting a growing concern
Wednesday, 1 July 2009
The amount of carbon locked away in frozen soils in the far Northern Hemisphere is double previous estimates and rapid melting could accelerate global warming, warns a new study.
Great whites hunt like serial killers
Tuesday, 23 June 2009
Sharks and human serial killers can both be tracked using geographic profiling, according to a new study that applies investigative techniques to the hunting patterns of great white sharks.
Ancient Arctic beasts ate rotting matter
Friday, 12 June 2009
Creatures roaming the balmy swamps and forests of the prehistoric Arctic survived the long dark season by switching diets, according to a new study.
Earth losing atmosphere faster than Mars
Wednesday, 3 June 2009
Our planet's magnetic shield may not be as solid a protective screen from the sun as once believed, according to new research.
Daydreamers might solve problems faster
Wednesday, 13 May 2009
Contrary to common opinion, the brains of daydreamers may not be slacking off, but working harder, new research has shown.
Canada sequences swine flu virus
Thursday, 7 May 2009
Canadian scientists have completed the full genetic sequencing of the H1N1 swine flu virus, which officials say will help in better understanding the outbreak and developing a vaccine.
Arctic fossil shows how seals evolved
Thursday, 23 April 2009
Scientists in Canada's Arctic have discovered the fossil of a previously unknown web-footed carnivore that helps explain how seals developed from land-based mammals.
Cleaning up oil spills can be bad for fish
Tuesday, 14 April 2009
Chemicals commonly used to clean up oil spills make oil far more toxic to fish, particularly for eggs and young fish, according to new research.
Omega-3 benefits hurting fish numbers
Wednesday, 18 March 2009
Claims about the health benefits of eating more fish may be causing more harm than good, according to a Canadian study.
Champions thrive in regional centres
Thursday, 5 March 2009
When it comes to developing elite female athletes size really does matter, a team of sports scientists has found.
Stress, abuse damages childhood genes
Monday, 23 February 2009
Childhood abuse appears to permanently change a person's response to stress, possibly making them more susceptible to suicide, new research suggests.
Red boosts attention, blue creativity
Monday, 9 February 2009
The colour red boosts attention to detail in tasks such as memorisation, while blue encourages creativity, according to a new study.


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Tweets from the bench in South Florida
Drawing unwanted attention from Broward's attorney for the poor and indigent, Circuit Court Judge Matthew Destry has been asked by Public Defender Howard Finkelstein to refrain from tweeting from the bench during court proceedings, according to JAA Blog late Monday. In an apparent – and almost unnoticed first in the judiciary – Destry established a Twitter account in late February. Appropriately named after his @DIV_FY | Read More »
Tags: @DIV_FY, bill lewis, Broward Circuit Court, broward county, Charlie Crist, facebook, felony, florida, google, help me howard, howard finkelstein, jaa blog, jaablog, linkedin, matt destry, matthew destry, misdemeanor, social media, the credit report with bill lewis, tweets from the bench, twitter, u.s. supreme court, william e lewis, william e lewis jr, william lewis

subset: commoncrawl


text: What's Hot 2013 Gift Ideas Craft Whiskey Remembering Mandela GALLERIES Larry King Pics 0 28 Back to Top ▲ Larry King Pics Larry King Pics AskMen Editors Larry King hosts a show on CNN, originally named the Larry King Show, that is the network's highest rated show and the interview platform for some of the world's most famous, rich, and powerful people. Continue reading Larry King's profile. Next Page Exclusive Access Get the best deals for men on Black Friday, Cyber Monday & more ✓ You're in!We'll be in touch soon. ✗ Something went wrong.Try again later. Subscribing to a newsletter indicates your consent to our Terms of Use and Privacy Policy.


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The 26-year-old British actress, who previously flirted with Oscar contention back in 2006 when she went toe-to-toe with Meryl Streep in 'The Devil Wears Prada,' has made another bid for Academy Award royalty, this time as a teenage queen in 'The Young Victoria.' Heavy might be the head that wears the crown, but leave it to Emily Blunt to display it radiantly with appropriate weight and finesse.
The 26-year-old British actress, who previously flirted with Oscar contention back in 2006 when she went toe-to-toe with Meryl Streep in 'The Devil Wears Prada,' has made another bid for Academy Award royalty, this time as a teenage queen in 'The Young Victoria.'
In director Jean-Marc Vallée's depiction of Julian Fellowes' script, Blunt plays Victoria, who in 1837, at the ripe old age of 18, ascends the throne and becomes queen of England. She may not be out of her teens, but Victoria was certainly not naive.
Over an early chess scene with a distant cousin and eventual husband Albert (Rupert Friend), Victoria is fully aware that she is being used as a pawn in a political game, and decides then and there that she needs to assert her role as the key player before she herself is ultimately played.
As the monarch, the headstrong Victoria quickly learns to tamper her emotion and control her surroundings. And as Victoria, Blunt smartly and skillfully asserts the young queen's way to power, oscillating believably between sheltered inexperience and able determination, and more than holding her own alongside acting heavyweights Miranda Richardson, Jim Broadbent and Paul Bettany.
Critics across the board have heralded Blunt's performance even when they were less enchanted with the movie itself. "The enchanting Ms. Blunt is the whole movie," wrote the New York Observer, "and it wouldn't register even a small bleep on the Richter scale without her. She puts the Vicki in the young Victoria." Entertainment Weekly raves that the actress "makes her twinkly ivory radiance fit the role."
"Blunt strikes me as the real deal," writes The New Yorker, "The little puff of relief that Victoria gives after addressing the Privy Council on the morning of her accession is, despite her duties, the exhalation of a free spirit."
A London native, Blunt first blipped on moviegoers' radars in the 2004 indie 'My Summer of Love.' And since her breakout, Golden Globe-nominated role in 'Prada,' which she all but stole from under star Anne Hathaway, Blunt has made memorable turns in movies such as 'Sunshine Cleaning,' 'Dan In Real Life' and 'Charlie Wilson's War.'
Blunt has also been nominated for a Golden Globe this year for her leading-lady role in 'Victoria,' which gives her a much-needed boost going into the Oscar race. And Academy voters have historically been quick to nominate royalty come Oscar time (see: Helen Mirren in 'The Queen,' Judi Dench in 'Shakespeare in Love,' Cate Blanchett in 'Elizabeth' and 'Elizabeth: The Golden Age,' Dench in 'Mrs. Brown'), which can only increase Blunt's chances of adding this jewel to her awards crown. Though really, the part of a determined young woman who bursts on the public scene and soon becomes a force to be reckoned couldn't have been so hard for the actress to play: The same could be said of Blunt herself.


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July 1944
[Silent, 0:43]
In July 1944, Soviet forces liberated the Majdanek extermination camp. The Polish-Soviet Nazi Crimes Investigation Commission, established to document Nazi atrocities committed during the German occupation of Poland, ordered exhumations at Majdanek as part of its efforts to investigate Nazi mass killings in the camp. The commission later published its findings in Moscow on September 16, 1944, in Polish, Russian, English, and French.
National Archives - Film
Focus on Liberation »
Killing Centers »
Killing Centers: An Overview »
Lublin/Majdanek Concentration Camp: Conditions »


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SAN FRANCISCO (AP) — San Francisco 49ers defensive lineman Demarcus Dobbs was arrested early Friday morning on suspicion of driving under the influence and possession of marijuana, the California Highway Patrol said. CHP Officer D.J. Sarabia said that Dobbs was involved in a single-car accident in which he hit a chain-link fence and a bush but didn't sustain any injuries. Dobbs was arrested at 3:45 a.m. in Santa Clara, where the team trains. "Just property damage, so no injuries. He was the only one involved," Sarabia said. "It was cut and dry, without incident." The arrest came on the 25th birthday for Dobbs, one of the NFC West-leading Niners' top special teams players. The 49ers released a statement Friday afternoon saying Dobbs wouldn't travel with the team Friday to St. Louis, where San Francisco faces the Rams on Sunday. The 49ers said they have been in contact with Dobbs and the NFL office and "we are gathering the relevant facts as it pertains to this situation." "He will not be making the trip to St. Louis, and we will reserve further comment at this time," the team said. ___ Online: http://pro32.ap.org/poll and http://twitter.com/AP_NFL
49ers defensive end Dobbs arrested, won't travel
Nov. 30, 2012 6:25 PM EST
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Formerly Known As Dot Dress
The Australian-based fashion team behind Mink Pink keeps their clothing real and wearable, looking to street style, high-end designers, current trends, and vintage pieces for influence. Each piece in the Mink Pink collection, from their bodysuits to patterned cardigans, is designed with the everyday fashionista in mind. Garments are made to work with your existing wardrobe, tastefully electrifying your individual style.
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António de Oliveira Salazar
His Excellency António de Oliveira Salazar GColIH GColTE GColSE GColIC |
António de Oliveira Salazar in 1940 | |
100th President of the Council of Ministers of the Portuguese Republic | |
In office 5 July 1932 – 25 September 1968 |
President | Óscar Carmona Francisco Craveiro Lopes Américo Tomás |
Preceded by | Domingos Oliveira |
Succeeded by | Marcelo Caetano |
President of the Portuguese Republic (interim) | |
In office 18 April 1951 – 29 July 1951 |
Preceded by | Óscar Carmona |
Succeeded by | Francisco Craveiro Lopes |
Minister of Finances of the Portuguese Republic |
In office 3 June 1926 – 19 June 1926 |
Prime Minister | José Mendes Cabeçadas |
Preceded by | José Mendes Cabeçadas |
Succeeded by | Câmara de Melo Cabral |
In office 28 April 1928 – 28 August 1940 |
Prime Minister | José Vicente de Freitas Artur Ivens Ferraz Domingos Oliveira |
Preceded by | José Vicente de Freitas |
Succeeded by | Count of Lumbrales |
Minister of the Colonies of the Portuguese Republic (interim) |
In office 21 January 1930 – 20 July 1930 |
Prime Minister | Domingos Oliveira |
Preceded by | Artur Ivens Ferraz |
Succeeded by | Eduardo Augusto Marques |
Minister of Defence of the Portuguese Republic |
In office 13 April 1961 – 4 December 1962 |
Prime Minister | Himself |
Preceded by | Júlio Botelho Moniz |
Succeeded by | Gomes de Araújo |
Personal details | |
Born | Vimieiro, Santa Comba Dão, Portugal |
28 April 1889
Died | 27 July 1970 Lisbon, Portugal |
(aged 81)
Political party | Academic Centre of Christian Democracy (Before 1930) National Union (1930-1970) |
Spouse(s) | None |
Profession | Professor |
Religion | Roman Catholicism |
Signature |
António de Oliveira Salazar, GColIH, GColTE, GColSE (Portuguese pronunciation: [ɐ̃ˈtɔniu dɨ oliˈvɐjɾɐ sɐlɐˈzaɾ]; 28 April 1889 – 27 July 1970) was a Portuguese professor and politician who served as the Prime Minister of Portugal from 1932 to 1968. His Council of Ministers briefly served as acting President of the Republic in 1951; he was never President of the Republic, but was the virtual dictator of the country in the manner of Franco and Mussolini. He founded and led the Estado Novo (New State), the authoritarian, right-wing government that presided over and controlled Portugal from 1932 to 1974. In 1940, Life called Salazar "the greatest Portuguese since Prince Henry the Navigator".[1]
Opposed to communism, socialism, anarchism and liberalism, Salazar's rule was corporatist, conservative, and nationalistic in nature. Its policy envisaged the perpetuation of Portugal as a pluricontinental nation under the doctrine of lusotropicalism, with Angola, Mozambique, and other Portuguese territories as extensions of Portugal itself, with Portugal being a source of civilization and stability to the overseas societies in the African and Asian possessions.
Portuguese India was lost following Indian invasion in 1961, prompting the international community to start opposing Salazar's colonial politics as well as initiating a lengthy struggle for the control of the colonies, involving hundreds of thousands of Portuguese soldiers, which ended only in 1975.[2][3][4]
At home, Salazar's government and its secret police PIDE repressed civil liberties and political freedoms in order to remain in control of Portugal, including the 1965 PIDE shooting of Humberto Delgado, declared winner by the opposition in the 1958 presidential election, while Delgado and his secretary tried to illegally enter Portuguese territory from Spain. The political suppression, although less bloody than the aftermath of the Spanish Civil War and over-all state repression in neighboring Francoist Spain, resulted in widespread migration, border control and isolation, although the regime co-founded the United Nations and NATO as well as other international organizations. Control of the economy, of citizens and of colonial policy were only cosmetically relaxed until the left-wing Carnation Revolution in 1974. The latter led to attempts to introduce democratic socialism and eventually allowed for the restoration of a full parliamentary democracy.[5]
Despite the repressive character of his rule and controversial colonial policy, Salazar remains thoroughly popular among a right-wing section of the Portuguese public. In March 2007, Salazar was elected the "Greatest Portuguese Ever" on the RTP1 TV show, Os Grandes Portugueses[6] as well as "Worst Portuguese Ever" on a parody tv show from rival channel SIC Notícias.
This section does not cite any references or sources. (March 2010) |
Salazar was born in Vimieiro, near Santa Comba Dão (Viseu District), to a family of modest income. His father, a small landowner, had started as an agricultural labourer and became the manager for a distinguished family of rural landowners of the region of Santa Comba Dão, the Perestrelos, who possessed lands and other assets scattered between Viseu and Coimbra. He had four older sisters, and was the only male child of two fifth cousins, António de Oliveira (17 January 1839 to 28 September 1932) and wife Maria do Resgate Salazar (23 October 1845 to 17 November 1926), whose paternal grandfather was a landowner and a nobleman. Despite the knowledge of his ancestry, Salazar always preferred to claim humble origins. His older sisters were Maria do Resgate Salazar de Oliveira, an elementary school teacher; Elisa Salazar de Oliveira; Maria Leopoldina Salazar de Oliveira; and Laura Salazar de Oliveira, who in 1887 married Abel Pais de Sousa, whose brother Mário Pais de Sousa was Salazar's Interior Minister, sons of a family of Santa Comba Dão.
Salazar studied at the Viseu Seminary from 1900 to 1908 and considered becoming a priest, but changed his mind. He went to Coimbra in 1910 in order to study law at the University of Coimbra, during the first years of the republican government. During his student years in Coimbra he developed a particular interest for finance. Although becoming a law graduate with distinction and specializing in finance and economic policy at the Law School, Salazar was not an economist (economics in its modern sense was a relatively new academic discipline in Portugal and was not taught at the time as an independent field in the University of Coimbra (the first pure Portuguese university degree in economics was created in 1949 by the modern-day ISEG/UTL; the University of Coimbra founded its own autonomous School of Economics (FEUC) just in 1972). In 1914, he graduated with a 19 mark out of 20, and in the meanwhile became an assistant professor of economic policy at the Law School. In 1917, he became the regent of economic policy and finance by appointment of the professor José Alberto dos Reis. In the following year Salazar was awarded his doctorate.[7]
Rise to power[edit]
As a young man, his involvement in politics stemmed from his Catholic views, which were aroused by the new anti-clerical Portuguese First Republic. Writing in Catholic newspapers and fighting in the streets for the rights and interests of the Church and its followers were his first forays into public life.
During Sidónio Pais's brief dictatorship from 1917 to 1918, Salazar was invited to become a minister, but declined. He formally entered politics in the following years, joining the conservative Catholic Centre Party. He was elected to Parliament in 1921 but left it after one session. He continued to teach political economy at the University of Coimbra.
After the 28 May 1926 coup d'état, he briefly joined José Mendes Cabeçadas's government as the 71st Minister of Finance on 3 June 1926, but quickly resigned, explaining that since disputes and social disorder existed in the government, he could not do his work properly. Later again, he became the 81st Finance Minister on 26 April 1928, after the Ditadura Nacional was consolidated, paving the way for him to be appointed the 101st Prime Minister in 1932. He remained Finance Minister until 1940, when World War II consumed his time.
His rise to power was due to the image he was able to build as an honest and effective Finance Minister, President Carmona's strong support, and political positioning. The authoritarian government consisted of a right-wing coalition, and Salazar was able to co-opt the moderates of each political current while fighting the extremists, using censorship and repression. The conservative Catholics were his earliest and most loyal supporters. The conservative republicans who could not be co-opted became his most dangerous opponents during the early period. They attempted several coups, but never presented a united front, so these coups were easily repressed. Never a true monarchist, Salazar nevertheless gained most of the monarchists' support, as the exiled deposed king was given a state funeral at the time of his death. The National Syndicalists were torn between supporting the regime and denouncing it as bourgeois. They were given enough symbolic concessions to win over the moderates, and the rest were repressed by the political police. They were to be silenced shortly after 1933, as Salazar attempted to prevent the rise of National Socialism in Portugal. Salazar also supported Francisco Franco and the Nationalists in their fight against the left-wing groups of the Spanish Republic. The Nationalists lacked ports early on, and Salazar's Portugal helped receive armaments shipments from abroad – including ammunition early on when certain Nationalist forces were virtually out. Because of this, "the Nationalists referred to Lisbon as 'the port of Castile.'"[8]
The prevailing view, at the time, of political parties as elements of division and parliamentarism as being in crisis led to general support, or at least tolerance, of an authoritarian regime.[citation needed]
In 1933, Salazar introduced a new constitution which gave him wide powers, establishing an anti-parliamentarian and authoritarian government that would last four decades.
Estado Novo[edit]
This section does not cite any references or sources. (March 2010) |
Salazar developed the Estado Novo (New State) regime. The basis of his government was a platform of stability.[citation needed] Salazar's early reforms allowed financial stability and therefore economic growth.[citation needed] Salazar's teachings and values were known as A Lição de Salazar ("Salazar's Lesson").
Although Portugal had a high level of illiteracy and Salazar himself was a professor, his regime didn't consider education a high priority and for many years didn't spend much on it, beyond granting basic education to all citizens. In the final years of Salazar's rule and the six years from his incapacity to the fall of the Estado Novo regime in 1974, educational development was finally prioritized and there was substantial investment in educational infrastructure. At this stage, secondary, vocational/technical and university education reached record high enrollments. Many of the schools created by Salazar were still in operation many decades after the end of the regime in 1974.
Salazar's regime was rigidly authoritarian. He based his political philosophy around a close interpretation of Catholic social doctrine, much like the contemporary regime of Engelbert Dollfuß in Austria. The economic system, known as corporatism, was based on a similar interpretation of the papal encyclicals Rerum Novarum (Leo XIII, 1891) and Quadragesimo Anno (Pius XI, 1931), which was supposed to prevent class struggle and make economic concerns secondary to social values. Salazar himself banned the National Syndicalists, a more purely Fascist party. Salazar's own party, the National Union, was formed as a subservient umbrella organization to support the regime itself, and was therefore lacking in any ideology independent of the regime. At the time many European countries feared the destructive potential of Communism. Salazar not only forbade Marxist parties, but also revolutionary fascist-syndicalist parties.
Salazar relied on the secret police, first the PVDE (Polícia de Vigilância e de Defesa do Estado – "State Defence and Surveillance Police") set up in 1933 and modeled on the Gestapo. The PIDE (Polícia Internacional e de Defesa do Estado) was established in 1945 and lasted until 1969. (From 1969 to 1974, under Marcelo Caetano, the Estado Novo's police were the DGS - Direcção Geral de Segurança, "General Security Directorate"). The job of the secret police was not just to protect national security in a typical modern sense but also to suppress the regime's political opponents, especially those related to the international communist movement or the USSR which was seen by the regime as a menace to Portugal. The PIDE was efficient, and it was less overtly brutal than its predecessor and the foreign police forces it was modelled after.
After the outbreak of the Spanish Civil War in 1936, Salazar established prison camps for opponents of the Estado Novo. The Tarrafal in the Cape Verde Islandsas one of them. The prisoners included Anarchists, Communists, anti-colonial agitators and guerrillas from Portugal's African colonies. Many died or were held for many years.
Neutrality during World War II[edit]
During World War II, Salazar steered Portugal down a middle path, but nevertheless provided aid to the Allies: naval bases on Portuguese territory were granted to Britain, in keeping with the traditional Anglo-Portuguese Alliance, and the United States, letting them use Terceira Island in the Azores as a military base, although he agreed to this only after the alternative of an American takeover by force of the islands was made clear to him by the British[verification needed]. Portugal, particularly Lisbon, was one of the last European exit points to the U.S., and a huge number of refugees found shelter in Portugal, many of them with the help from the Portuguese consul general in Bordeaux, Aristides de Sousa Mendes, who issued visas against Salazar's orders. Salazar lost political trust in Sousa Mendes and stripped the diplomat of his title, subsequently ordering that no one in Portugal show him any charity.[9]
The main reason for the neutrality of Portugal in World War II was strategic. The country still held overseas territories that, due to its poor economic development, could not adequately defend from military attack. Siding with the Axis would have drawn Portugal to a conflict against Britain, whose result would have been the loss of its colonies; siding with the Allies might have risked the mainland. Portugal continued to export tungsten and other goods to both the Axis (partly via Switzerland) and Allied countries.[10]
Large numbers of political dissidents, including Abwehr personnel after the 20 July plot of 1944, sought refuge in Portugal, although until late 1942 immigration was very restricted.
Post-war Portugal[edit]
The colonies were in disarray after the war. In 1945, Portugal had an extensive colonial Empire, including Cape Verde Islands, São Tomé e Príncipe, Angola (including Cabinda), Portuguese Guinea, and Mozambique in Africa; Goa, Damão (including Dadra and Nagar Haveli), and Diu in India (the Portuguese India); Macau in China; and Portuguese Timor in Southeast Asia. Salazar, a fierce integralist, was determined to retain control of Portugal's colonies.
The overseas provinces were a continual source of trouble and wealth for Portugal, especially during the Portuguese Colonial War. Portugal became increasingly isolated on the world stage as other European nations with African colonies gradually granted them independence.
Salazar wanted Portugal to be relevant internationally, and the country's overseas colonies made this possible, while Salazar himself refused to be overawed by the Americans. Portugal was the only non-democracy among the founding members of NATO in 1949, which reflected Portugal's role as an ally against communism during the Cold War. Portugal was offered help from the Marshall Plan because of the aid it gave to the Allies during the final stages of World War II; aid it initially refused but eventually accepted.
Throughout the 1950s, Salazar maintained the same import substitution approach to economic policy that had ensured Portugal's neutral status during World War II. The rise of the "new technocrats" in the early 1960s, however, led to a new period of economic opening up, with Portugal as an attractive country for international investment. Industrial development and economic growth would continue all throughout the 1960s. During Salazar's tenure, Portugal also participated in the founding of OECD and EFTA.
The Indian possessions were the first to be lost in 1961. After India gained independence on 15 August 1947, the British and the French vacated their colonial possessions in India. Indian nationalists in Goa launched a struggle for Portugal to leave, involving a series of strikes and civil disobedience movements by Indians against the Portuguese administration, which were ruthlessly suppressed by Portugal. India made numerous offers to negotiate for the return of the colonies, but Salazar repeatedly rejected the offers. With an Indian military operation imminent, Salazar ordered Governor General Manuel António Vassalo e Silva to fight until the last man, and adopt a scorched earth policy.[11] Eventually, India launched Operation Vijay in December 1961 to evict Portugal from Goa, Daman and Diu. 31 Portuguese soldiers were killed in action and a Portuguese Navy frigate NRP Afonso de Albuquerque was destroyed, before General Vassalo e Silva surrendered. Salazar forced the General into exile for disobeying his order to fight to the last man and surrendering to the Indian Army.
In the 1960s, armed revolutionary movements and scattered guerrilla activity had reached Mozambique, Angola, and Portuguese Guinea. Except in Portuguese Guinea, the Portuguese army and naval forces were able to effectively suppress most of these insurgencies through a well-planned counter-insurgency campaign using light infantry, militia, and special operations forces. Most of the world ostracized the Portuguese government because of its colonial policy, especially the newly independent African nations.
At home, Salazar's regime remained unmistakably authoritarian. He was able to hold onto power with reminders of the instability that had characterized Portuguese political life before 1926. However, these tactics were decreasingly successful from the 1950s onward, as a new generation emerged which had no collective memory of this instability. The clearest sign of this came in the 1958 presidential election. Most neutral observers believed the democratic opposition's candidate, Humberto Delgado, would have defeated the regime's candidate, Americo Thomaz, had the election been conducted fairly. Delgado had let it be known that if elected, he would dismiss Salazar; the president's power to dismiss the prime minister was theoretically the only check on Salazar's power. Salazar was frightened enough to transfer election of the president to the legislature, which was firmly under his control. In the 1960s, Salazar's opposition to decolonization and gradual freedom of the press created friction with the Franco dictatorship.
Economic policies[edit]
Economically, the Salazar years were marked by a period of modest growth and the country remained largely underdeveloped and its population relatively poor and with low education levels until the 1960s. From 1950 until Salazar's death, Portugal saw its GDP per capita rise at an average rate of 5.66% per year.[citation needed] The Salazar era was marked by an economic program based on the policies of autarky and interventionism, which were popular in the 1930s as a response to the Great Depression. During his tenure, Portugal was co-founder of OECD and EFTA. After the chaotic years of the Portuguese First Republic, financial stability was Salazar's highest priority.[12] His first incursions into Portuguese politics as a member of the cabinet were during the Ditadura Nacional, when Portugal's public finances and the economy in general were in a dreadful mess due to the continuous state of imminent default since at least the 1890s. After has become Prime Minister, in order to balance the Portuguese budget and pay off external debts, he instituted numerous taxes. Having adopted a policy of neutrality during World War II, Portugal could simultaneously loan Lajes Air Base in the Azores to the Allies and export military equipment and metals to the Axis powers. In 1960, at the initiation of Salazar's more outward-looking economic policy due to the influence of a new generation of technocrats with a background in economics and technical-industrial know-how, Portugal's per capita GDP was only 38 percent of the European Community (EC-12) average; by the end of the Salazar period, in 1968, it had risen to 48 percent; and in 1973, under the leadership of Marcelo Caetano, Portugal's per capita GDP had reached 56.4 percent of the EC-12 average.[13] On a long term analysis, after a long period of economic divergence before 1914, and a period of chaos during the Portuguese First Republic, the Portuguese economy recovered slightly until 1950, entering thereafter on a path of strong economic convergence until the Carnation Revolution in April 1974. Portuguese economic growth in the period 1960–1973 under the Estado Novo regime (and even with the effects of an expensive war effort in African territories against independence guerrilla groups), created an opportunity for real integration with the developed economies of Western Europe. Through emigration, trade, tourism and foreign investment, individuals and firms changed their patterns of production and consumption, bringing about a structural transformation. Simultaneously, the increasing complexity of a growing economy raised new technical and organizational challenges, stimulating the formation of modern professional and management teams.[14][15]
Colonialist ideology[edit]
This section does not cite any references or sources. (March 2010) |
His reluctance to travel abroad, his increasing determination not to grant independence to the colonies and to stand against the "winds of change" announced by the British in their move to liberate their major colonies, and his refusal to grasp the impossibility of his regime outliving him, marked the final years of his tenure. "Proudly alone" was the motto of his final decade. For the Portuguese ruling regime, the overseas empire was a matter of national identity.
In order to support his colonial policies, Salazar adopted Gilberto Freyre's notion of Lusotropicalism, maintaining that since Portugal had been a multicultural, multiracial and pluricontinental nation since the 15th century, if the country were to be dismembered by losing its overseas territories, that would spell the end for Portuguese independence. In geopolitical terms, no critical mass would then be available to guarantee self-sufficiency to the Portuguese State. Salazar had strongly resisted Freyre's ideas throughout the 1930s, partly because Freyre claimed the Portuguese were more prone than other European nations to miscegenation, and only adopted Lusotropicalism after sponsoring Freyre on a visit to Portugal and its colonies in 1951-2. Freyre's work "Aventura e Rotina" was a result of this trip.
Salazar was a close friend of Rhodesian Prime Minister Ian Smith: after Rhodesia proclaimed its Unilateral Declaration of Independence from Britain, Portugal – though not officially recognizing the new Rhodesian state – supported Rhodesia economically and militarily through the neighbouring Portuguese colony of Mozambique until 1975, when FRELIMO took over Mozambique after negotiations with the new Portuguese regime which had taken over after the Carnation Revolution. Ian Smith later wrote in his The Great Betrayal that had Salazar lasted longer than he did, the Rhodesian government would have survived to the present day, ruled by a moderate black majority government under the name of 'Zimbabwe-Rhodesia'.
Salazar and the Catholic Church[edit]
Salazar's goal was to establish a Catholic Social Order even in a nominally secular state, to Salazar a Catholic Portugal would be a strong contrast to the atheistic communism he so greatly opposed. In this process, Salazar dissolved Freemasonry in Portugal in 1935. He permitted the Catholic religion to be taught in all schools, not just parochial schools (however, non-Catholic parents who did not wish their children to receive this instruction could have their children removed from these classes); but throughout Portugal, the Catholic education of the youth was greatly favored. Another policy at this time was Salazar's legislation on marriage which read "The Portuguese state recognizes the civil effects of marriages celebrated according to canonical laws." He then initiated into this legislation articles which frowned upon divorce. Article 24 reads, "In harmony with the essential properties of Catholic marriages, it is understood that by the very fact of the celebration of a canonical marriage, the spouses renounce the legal right to ask for a divorce." Divorce was allowed only if it had been a purely civil marriage. The effect of this law was that the number of Catholic marriages went up, so that by 1960 nearly 91 percent of all marriages in the country were canonical marriages.[citation needed]
On 4 July 1937, Salazar was on his way to Mass at a private chapel in a friend's house in the Barbosa du Bocage Avenue in Lisbon. As he stepped out of the car, a Buick, a bomb exploded only 10 feet away (the bomb had been hidden in an iron case). The bomb-blast left Salazar untouched (his chauffeur was rendered deaf). The bishops argued in a collective letter in 1938, that it was an "act of God" that had preserved Salazar's life in this attempted assassination. Emídio Santana was the anarcho-syndicalist, founder of the Metallurgists National Union (Sindicato Nacional dos Metalúrgicos), behind the assassination attempt. The official car was replaced by an armoured Chrysler Imperial.[16]
On 13 May 1938, when the bishops of Portugal fulfilled their vow and renewed the National Consecration to the Immaculate Heart of Mary, Cardinal Cerejeira acknowledged publicly that Our Lady of Fatima had "spared Portugal the scourge of Communism". After Portugal avoided the devastation of both the Spanish Civil War and the Second World War, Salazar's propaganda machine and the Catholic Church also connected this to a miraculous dimension which made them profit from the Catholic fervor of the masses. The Cristo-Rei, a Catholic monument in Almada, was inaugurated on 17 May 1959 by Salazar. Its construction was approved by a Portuguese Episcopate conference, held in Fátima on 20 April 1940, as a plea to God to prevent Portugal from entering World War II. However, the idea had originated on a visit by the Cardinal Patriarch of Lisbon to Rio de Janeiro in 1934, soon after the inauguration of the statue of Christ the Redeemer in 1931.
The relationship of Salazar with some sectors of the Catholic Church, more in accordance with the social doctrine of the Holy See, worsened after World War II. Some prominent oppositionist priests, like Abel Varzim and Joaquim Alves Correia, openly supported the MUD in 1945 and the granting of more social rights to the workers. Abel Varzim, who had been a supporter of the regime, had his newspaper closed, while Joaquim Alves Correia was forced into exile in the United States, where he died in 1951. The Democratic Opposition main candidate in the 1958 Presidential Elections, General Humberto Delgado was a Roman Catholic and a dissident of the regime, who quoted Pope Pius XII to show how the social policies of the regime were against the social teachings of the Church. The same year, Salazar suffered a severe blow from the bishop of Porto, Dom António Ferreira Gomes, who wrote a critical letter to the Council President in July 1958 being forced to exile for 10 years. After the Second Vatican Council, a large number of Catholics became active in the Democratic Opposition.
In 1968, Salazar suffered a brain hemorrhage. Most sources maintain that it occurred when he fell from a chair in his summer house. In February 2009 though, there were anonymous witnesses who confessed, after some research about Salazar's best-kept secrets, that he had fallen in a bathtub instead of from a chair.[17] As he was expected to die shortly after his fall, President Thomaz replaced him with Marcello Caetano. Despite the injury, Salazar lived for a further two years. When he unexpectedly recovered lucidity, his intimates did not tell him he had been deposed, instead allowing him to "rule" in privacy until his death in July 1970.[18] Tens of thousands paid their last respects at the funeral and the Requiem Mass that took place at the Jerónimos Monastery and at the passage of the special train that carried the coffin to his hometown of Vimieiro near Santa Comba Dão, where he was buried according to his wishes in his native soil, in a plain ordinary grave. As a symbolic display of his views of Portugal and the colonial empire, there is well-known footage of several members of the "Mocidade Portuguesa," of both African and European ethnicity, paying homage at his funeral.
Post-Salazar Portugal and interpretation[edit]
After Salazar's death, his Estado Novo regime persisted under the direction of Thomaz as well as his successor and longtime aide, Marcelo Caetano, who co-wrote the Constitution of 1933. Despite tentative overtures towards an opening of the regime, Caetano balked at ending the colonial war, notwithstanding the condemnation of most of the international community. Eventually the Estado Novo fell on 25 April 1974, after the Carnation Revolution. The retreat from the colonies and the acceptance of their independence terms which would create newly independent communist states in 1975 (most notably the People's Republic of Angola and the People's Republic of Mozambique), which promptly started to expel all white Portuguese citizens from the nearly-independent Portugal's African territories (mostly from Portuguese Angola and Mozambique),[19][20] created over a million destitute Portuguese refugees — the retornados.
The Estado Novo regime has been described by the American socialist author David L. Raby as a far-right leaning regime of para-fascist inspiration, although general labeling of Portugal as "fascist" declined after the defeat of Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy in World War II, in which Portugal remained strictly neutral.[21] According to some Portuguese right leaning or conservative scholars like Jaime Nogueira Pinto[22] and Rui Ramos,[23] his early reforms and policies allowed political and financial stability and therefore social order and economic growth, after the politically unstable and financially chaotic years of the Portuguese First Republic (1910–1926). Other historians, like leftist politician Fernando Rosas, point out that Salazar's policies from the 1930s to the 1950s led to economic and social stagnation and rampant emigration, turning Portugal into one of the poorest countries in Europe, one that was also thwarted by scoring lower on literacy than its peers of the Northern Hemisphere.[24]
- ^ "Portugal: The War Has Made It Europe's Front Door", Life, 29 July 1940.
- ^ JAN PALMOWSKI. "Estado Novo." A Dictionary of Contemporary World History. 2004. Encyclopedia.com. 2 March 2010 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>.
- ^ Portugal in Africa: A Noneconomic Interpretation, by Thomas Henriksen, 1973 African Studies Association
- ^ Portugal's First Domino: 'Pluricontinentalism' and Colonial War in Guiné-Bissau, 1963–1974, by Norrie Macqueen, 1999 Cambridge University Press.
- ^ Gallagher, Tom (1979). "Controlled represion in Salazar's Portugal". Journal of Contemporary History 14 (3): 385–402. JSTOR 260013.
- ^ [1] Technically correct poll made by the TV station RTP and Eurosondagem, following the victory of Salazar in its TV Show "Os Grandes portugueses", at www.rtp.pt
- ^ (Portuguese) António de Oliveira Salazar, HistóriaDePortugalinfo
- ^ Beevor, Antony. The Spanish Civil War. p. 97. ISBN 0-911745-11-4
- ^ [2] Words of Remembrance by one of his sons, Luis Felipe], at sousamendesfoundation.org
- ^ Wilson, Robert (3 December 2011). "The Capital of Intrigue in a World at War". The Wall Street Journal (New York). Retrieved 9 December 2011.
- ^ "Ancient Goan History - GOACOM - GOA - INDIA - INFORMATION AND SERVICES IN GOA. Goa News, Goa Konkani News, Goa Sunaparant News, Goan Konakani News, Goa Video News, Goa Yellow Pages". GOACOM. 1916-04-04. Retrieved 2013-09-04.
- ^ (Portuguese) Oliveira Salazar, "Salazar é assim novamente convidado a integrar o Governo, mas, desta feita, impõe as suas condições: por um lado, e como técnico de Finanças, exige o exame de todas as iniciativas que impliquem receitas e despesas", Infopédia (Porto Editora)
- ^ [Problems of Democratic Transition and Consolidation, Juan José Linz http://books.google.com/books?id=TqRn1lAypsgC&pg=PA128&dq=Financial+crisis+1974+Portugal#PPA129,M1]
- ^ [3], Joaquim da Costa Leite (Aveiro University) – Instituições, Gestão e Crescimento Económico: Portugal, 1950–1973
- ^ (Portuguese) Fundação da SEDES – As primeiras motivações, "Nos anos 60 e até 1973 teve lugar, provavelmente, o mais rápido período de crescimento económico da nossa História, traduzido na industrialização, na expansão do turismo, no comércio com a EFTA, no desenvolvimento dos sectores financeiros, investimento estrangeiro e grandes projectos de infra-estruturas. Em consequência, os indicadores de rendimentos e consumo acompanham essa evolução, reforçados ainda pelas remessas de emigrantes.", SEDES
- ^ (Portuguese) Agência Lusa, Único atentado contra o ditador Oliveira Salazar foi há 70 anos, in Destak.pt
- ^ "Salazar fell in a bathtub, not from a chair" (Portuguese language)
- ^ Meneses, Filipe de. Salazar: A Political Biography. pp. 608–609. ISBN 978-1-929631-90-2
- ^ "Flight from Angola". The Economist (London). 16 August 1975.
- ^ "Dismantling the Portuguese Empire". Time (New York). 7 July 1975.
- ^ David L. Raby, Fascism and Resistance in Portugal: Communists, Liberals and Military Dissidents in the Opposition to Salazar, 1941–1974,
- ^ (Portuguese) Grandes Portugueses – Entender Salazar e o Estado Novo., Jaime Nogueira Pinto in the The Greatest Portuguese
- ^ História de Portugal. A luta de facções entre os salazaristas "Até os americanos já o tinham abandonado, temendo "recriar o caos que existia em Portugal antes de Salazar tomar o poder".", from História de Portugal (2009), Rui Ramos, Bernardo de Vasconcelos e Sousa, and Nuno Gonçalo Monteiro, Esfera dos Livros, cited in ionline.pt
- ^ http://repository.brynmawr.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1016&context=cities_pubs
Further reading[edit]
- Meneses, Filipe Ribeiro de (2009). Salazar: a political biography (1st ed. ed.). New York: Enigma Books. ISBN 978-1-929631-90-2.
- Derrick, Michael; R.J. Stove, (2010). The Portugal of Salazar. Norfolk, Va.: Gates of Vienna Books. ISBN 978-1-932528-58-9.
- Kay, Hugh (1970). Salazar and modern Portugal. London: Eyre & Spottiswoode. ISBN 978-0-413-26700-9.
- West, S. George. "The Present Situation in Portugal," International Affairs (1938) 17#2 pp. 211–232 in JSTOR
- Wright, George (1997). The destruction of a nation: United States' policy towards Angola since 1945. London: Pluto Press. ISBN 0-7453-1029-X.
In Portuguese[edit]
- Coelho, Eduardo Coelho; António Macieira (1995). Salazar, o fim e a morte: história de uma mistificação ; inclui os textos inéditos do Prof. Eduardo Coelho "Salazar e o seu médico" e "Salazar visto pelo seu médico" (1. ed. ed.). Lisboa: Publ. Dom Quixote. ISBN 972-20-1272-X.
- Nogueira, Franco (1977–1985), Salazar: estudo biográfico, 6 vol.
- A mocidade e os princípios, 1889–1928 (3. ed. com estudo prévio pelo Joaquim Veríssimo Serrão) (3a ed. ed.). Porto [Portugal]: Civilização Editora. vol. 1, 1977 (updated 2000). ISBN 972-26-1839-3.
- Os tempos áureos, 1928–1936 (2. ed.). Porto: Livraria Civilização. vol 2, 1977. ISBN 972-26-1840-7.
- As grandes crises, 1936–1945 (5a ed. ed.). Porto: Livraria Civilização. vol 3, 1978. ISBN 972-26-1843-1.
- O ataque, 1945–1958 (4a ed. ed.). Porto: Livraria Civilização. vol 4, 1980. ISBN 972-26-1844-X.
- A resistência, 1958–1964 (4. ed. ed.). Porto: Livraria Civilização. vol 5, 1984. ISBN 972-26-1841-5.
- O último combate (1964–1970). Porto [Portugal]: Civilização Editora. vol 6, 1985.
External links[edit]
Find more about António de Oliveira Salazar at Wikipedia's sister projects | |
Media from Commons | |
Quotations from Wikiquote |
Political offices | ||
Preceded by Domingos Oliveira |
Prime Minister of Portugal 1932–1968 |
Succeeded by Marcelo Caetano |
Preceded by António Óscar Carmona |
President of Portugal (interim) 1951 |
Succeeded by Craveiro Lopes |
- 1889 births
- 1970 deaths
- People from Santa Comba Dão
- Portuguese fascists
- Portuguese Roman Catholics
- National Union (Portugal) politicians
- Presidents of Portugal
- Prime Ministers of Portugal
- Cold War leaders
- Portuguese economists
- Grand Crosses of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany
- University of Coimbra alumni
- World War II political leaders
- Integrism
- Deaths from stroke
- Disease-related deaths in Portugal
- Anti-communists


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At the Manila press conference for their show Down Home With The Neelys, Memphis couple Gina and Pat Neely give a sample of what Southern stlye home-cooking is all about. They do three kebab recipes: (top right, L-R) the shrimp and lime, chicken and pineapple, and sirloin steak and bell peppers.
Photo: Courtesy of Weber ShandwickPat and Gina Neely, hosts of the Food Network's Down Home With The Neelys, were in town last July 31, to grace the Asian press launch of their show's fourth season.
In a luncheon held at the EDSA Shangri-la Hotel, Mandaluyong, the couple—known as the hometown king and queen of barbecue of Memphis, Tennessee, USA—showed Filipinos what Southern style home-cooking and entertaining is all about.
They did a quick cooking demo and prepared three varieties of simple kebabs—the shrimp and lime, the chicken and pineapple, and the beef with bell peppers—that virtually anybody can try at home.
As they showed the step-by-step process for preparing the dishes, the husband and wife duo also shared some of their kitchen secrets (and tricks) on grilling food the right way.
GRILLING BASICS. While grilling can be considered the oldest cooking technique in the world, many, especially beginners, are still intimidated by it.
Pat says it doesn't matter whether you're using a restaurant-grade contraption, an old-school backyard barbecue pit, or a tiny stove top grill to cook your food.
The key is in applying the slow-cook method.
"Always cook with the indirect heat because this keeps your meat from burning.
"Never put your food directly under flames, unless you're cooking burgers or chicken, maybe. But then, you'll have to watch it very closely.
"When my flame starts to come up, I immediately extinguish it with a little water or add more wet wood chips."
Back home in Memphis, Pat prefers to grill with charcoal and flavored wood chips.
Among his favorites are teak and apple, which give the meat a more appetizing aroma.
He says, "Once you get your flavor on with your charcoal, soak your chips in water because it will cross the charcoal.
"It'll create a smoke or smolder that will allow the flavor of the wood chips to be infused in your meat."
Pat also suggests alternating meat pieces on the griddle to get evenly cooked portions all the time.


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Silver Plate winner Mark Freeman, senior manager of global employee services at Microsoft in Redmond, Calif., would rather be sailing, fears dancing and would like to dine with Walt Disney.
Each day is never the same as the next or last. This is what gets me up in the morning every day. Our industry is exciting and so diverse that you never get bored.
Not having enough time to dream. It seems like there is so much going on every day that there isn't time to think up what will be the next innovation.
Helping to raise my kids to be outstanding members of society.
Barbeque for 10,000 people, "next week and we don't want the normal hot dogs, beans and hamburgers. We want stir-fry, steaks and corn on the cob."
Sailing, preferably where the sun shines all the time.
First, I wish I had a talent for playing a musical instrument. Second, I admire the passion it takes to be a chef. They really can do magic with their talent, and I wish I had the time, ability and patience to participate in that craft.
I wish I could be more patient. Whenever I get an idea in my head I just want to get it done and then move on to the next thing.
Nelson Mandela and Mohammad Ali for enduring the hardship of sticking to their convictions.
Going to a new Seattle restaurant every week to taste the good the bad and the ugly.
Hummus, carrots and Greek yogurt (I'm on a diet now).
Conch fritters in Belize.
Live each day fully and enjoy life.
I think I would go back to the times of the sailing explorers. They never knew what to expect around the next corner. I especially would have wanted to have been on George Vancouver's search party of Puget Sound. It is so beautiful out there and has so many unknowns.
Accepting me as I am and not trying to make me something I'm not.
Sailing in the Caribbean on a 55-foot monohull sailboat with a sail full of wind and the sun warming the blue water enough for swimming when we get to a deserted island.
Walt Disney. He was such a forward thinker and I would have loved to hear more about his dreams.
A ceramic bee that was given to me by my grandmother. It sat on her table and always had honey in it. I remember always sticking my finger in the honey when I visited.
Sailing in the Marquesas Islands.
Anthony Bourdain.


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I have got a lot of Polish in me- in lineage as well as culinary preferences. My mother has blessed me with so many good Polish recipes over the years and had created very fond food memories for me in my childhood. And what she had taught me had been handed down for generations. I think one of the great talents many of our family members posses is the ability to make countless dishes with a bag of potatoes. These little potato patties are called platskis, and this weekend I went to work in the kitchen with my mother to re-create our family recipe to be animal friendly. They turned out deliciously.
I hope you enjoy these simple potato cakes as much as my whole entire extended family does. And, let me assure you, there are a LOT of us.


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When mutual funds step off the beaten path, there's no telling what will happen. In the past, for example, oddball funds have fought the war on terror (the Ancora Homeland Security Fund), tried to prop up the sky (the Chicken Little Growth Fund), and fantasized about swinging a presidential election (the Blue Fund). And although those three particular funds—all of which have been liquidated—failed, others have stepped in to carry the torch and preserve a long and proud tradition of eccentric investing styles. Here are the 10 quirkiest funds we could find:
[Slide Show: The 10 Strangest Mutual Funds.]
The Congressional Effect Fund (CEFFX). This fund exists to answer the question posed in enormous letters at the top of its website: "How much investment wealth does Congress destroy?" As the question suggests, the fund has a rather cynical view of the country's political leaders. In fact, its manager sees politicians' disruptive influences as so far-reaching that when Congress is in session, he pulls completely out of the stock market and moves the entire portfolio into treasuries, cash, and money market funds. "Over the very long haul, it's almost always bad for the market," manager Eric Singer says of congressional action. Unfortunately, those pesky politicians on Capitol Hill seem to think Congress needs to be in session every now and then, so the fund has largely missed out this year on the furious rally in stock prices and has landed in the bottom percentile year-to-date in Morningstar's moderate allocation category. Still, Singer says he has compelling research to back up his strategy. According to the fund's numbers for the period between Jan. 1, 1965, and Dec. 31, 2008, the S&P 500 registered a paltry 0.31 percent annualized gain when Congress was in session, compared with a 16.15 percent annualized increase when Congress was on vacation.
[See Mutual Funds Singled Out in Proposal.]
The StockCar Stocks Index Fund (SCARX). At first glance, this fund, which tracks an index of companies that support NASCAR's Sprint Cup Series, is a dream come true for racing fans. But a more careful look reveals a different story—most of its holdings are only tangentially related to NASCAR. Investors might be surprised to see that aside from car-related names, the fund's top holdings include Disney, Target, Coca-Cola, and Sony. "[You have] two or three legitimate NASCAR plays, and then you have to go into all sorts of whacky stuff like Target and Coca-Cola because they sponsor someone's car," says Russel Kinnel, Morningstar's director of mutual fund research. Over the years, the fund's performance has been a touch erratic, but its returns year-to-date are enough to land it in the top quartile of Morningstar's large value category.
The Blue Chip Winery Fund. Jokingly called the best "liquid" investments on the market, wine funds once enjoyed some popularity. But unlike a good glass of wine—or investment, for that matter—these funds have usually not gotten better with age, and most of the ones that were around several years ago have since crashed and burned. Nevertheless, this fund, which was launched in October and is based in the Bahamas, takes a bit of an untraditional approach to wine investing: Instead of buying actual bottles of wine, it will invest exclusively in real estate holdings like wineries and storage facilities. In particular, the fund's management is looking to take advantage of the cheap property prices created by the recession. "Given the current economic environment, there are a lot of [opportunities]," says comanager Bruce Ramsey. Aside from the chance for capital appreciation, investors can look forward to the perks that this quirky fund offers, including discounts on food, hotel rooms, and spa treatments at select wineries. According to the fund's website, shareholders also get first dibs on the wine produced at these properties and the chance to "help pick grapes, prune vines, and taste-test the wines as they progress from juice to bottled wine."
The Herzfeld Caribbean Basin Fund (CUBA). While most managers talk about investing with long time horizons, few are willing to stake large chunks of their fortunes on an event that may never happen in the lifetime of their funds. But for the past 15 years, fund manager Thomas Herzfeld has been doing just that as he patiently waits for the Cuba embargo to come crashing down. Along the way, Herzfeld has chosen stocks for this closed-end fund based largely on companies' prospects for success should the embargo be lifted. While he also holds significant positions in Mexico, Herzfeld is particularly keen on investing in U.S. companies that could explode in value if the United States and Cuba begin trading. Gimmicks aside, the fund looks for companies that can also hold their weight in the current political environment. Its top holding, for example, is Freeport-McMoRan Copper & Gold, the share price of which has more than tripled year-to-date.


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Forthcoming Events
Christmas Music at Knebworth House Matinee
A wonderful programme of Christmas music from Doyle Dykes and local choir groups performed in
Christmas Music at Knebworth House
A wonderful programme of Christmas music from Doyle Dykes and local choir groups performed in
Sunday lunch with Santa
SOLD OUT! Enjoy a 2-course festive lunch served in the barns. Gift for children from
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There are still some tickets available for our concert of Christmas Music in the House on 14th and 15th December. Mulled wine, mince pies, huge Christmas tree plus lovely music from an amazing guitarist and carols from local choirs – what could be more festive! See the Events section for more details. A gift voucher
Sonisphere at Knebworth in 2014
We are pleased to announce that Sonisphere is back at Knebworth in July 2014. Iron Maiden and Metallica, the two biggest metal bands on the planet, will make history this summer when they co-headline the Sonisphere Festival in Knebworth, the very first time both bands have appeared together on a British bill, and the only
Christmas music
"For 15 years guests have been starting their Christmas at Knebworth House with our popular fireside events – this year, we are thrilled to present a one-off Christmas concert by virtuoso American guitarist, Doyle Dykes. There is a magical atmosphere to this ancient old hall at this time of year, and it's a thrill to
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My buddy is back for a visit. I watched him for awhile just playing in the yard. Sorry for the picture quality. I took this one through the window.This message has been edited. Last edited by: Georgia Peach, | |||
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I tried to sneak outside but he heard me. | ||||
Wow, look at that tail! ~~~~~~~~~~~~ "I've decided to quit my job, drop out of society, and wear live animals as hats." | ||||
OH my he's a pretty one! Carlene | ||||
We have several in our area too! They are soo fun to watch. Back last summer when we got so hot/dry I had one coming to the bird bath to get a drink. He was big enough that he could "almost" reach the bowl just by standing on his hind legs...nearly as big as our full grown cats. "The soil is the source of life, creativity, culture and real independence." David Ben-Gurion | ||||
Here is one more close up of him/her(?) before it ran in the woods. DH saw a solid black one about a week ago.This message has been edited. Last edited by: Georgia Peach, | ||||
Oh, you are so lucky. Fox squirrels are just gorgeous and they come in all colors. Me? I just have gray squirrels in my yard. Had 10, yes, I said 10, of them at one time a couple of days ago. www.floridafarmgirlsworld.blogspot.com Life isn't about how to survive the storm, but how to dance in the rain. | ||||
We have fox squirrels too, but have never seen one marked up like the one in the last picture...and I've never seen a black one either. He's one lean machine isn't he....look at how skinny he is running, and his tail is as long as he is. Cool pix. ve | ||||
How cute, I've never seen one either! We have lots of squirrels around here too. I usually don't mind them but one darn critter has taken to chewing my Christmas light wires! Whether You Think You Can Or You Think You Can't..... You're Right - Henry Ford | ||||
We have several that are either all black or nearly all black...and they have the white noses and ears. But we also have some that are both brown & gray. But you can tell right away that they are fox squirrels due to their size....and the will sit up for a long time taking in their surroundings. "The soil is the source of life, creativity, culture and real independence." David Ben-Gurion | ||||
Its not a wonderful picture,thanks to the limb he's trying to hide behind, but here's a fox squirrel that has a white nose and tips of ears, black body and beautiful red/rusty tail. We saw him up in the forest while doing our survey. www.floridafarmgirlsworld.blogspot.com Life isn't about how to survive the storm, but how to dance in the rain. | ||||
oooo he's beautiful! Whether You Think You Can Or You Think You Can't..... You're Right - Henry Ford | ||||
I think he's beautiful too. Our fox squirrels have the reddish coat and the reddish tail like this one.......just never saw one with the other markings. Those are amazing to me. ve | ||||
He's watching you FFG! I've never seen one with a red tail. | ||||
Georgia, that squirrel has unusual coloring. Don't the squirrels in your area have their winter coats. I'm in Los Angeles and ours do. They look so fat with their winter coats we call them burlies. FFG, Georgia Peach is right about the squirrel looking at you. People are squirrel TV. They love to look in the windows. They also watch other animals and learn from them. Our squirrels watched the crows picking up multiple peanuts in their beaks. Now our squirrels have to pack two peanuts into their mouths. One peanut isn't enough. They sit in the trees with their TV snack peanut and watch us while they eat. | ||||
Still Tryin, our gray squirrels are VERY fat so they must have their winter coats. This one, when it shows up, always looks the same. | ||||
Wow GPeach and FFG! They are gorgeous! I've only seen fox squirrels one week and that's when my family vacationed at a state park down near St. Mary's GA. I think they are so cool with their delightful markings. Luv R Pups ~ It's our relationships, with God and with each other, that really count in life. ~ ~~ Gardening, a healthy addiction! ~~ | ||||
Wow-wee, I never heard of a "Fox Skwirl" before. It looks bigger than the standard gray skwirl and the tail is much longer and Uncurled! How cool! I love FFG's black skwirl with the red tail too! How perrty!! | ||||
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WOW! This looks a little painful!
Rihanna while in New Zealand during her Diamonds world tour got a traditional Maori tattoo on her hand! Watch if you DARE as the ink is applied not as usual with a needle, but with a mallet and a chisel!
This video is from Moko Ink studio in West Auckland...
*Thoughts? Would you ever consider getting one of these?


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United States Department of Agriculture National Agricultural Statistics Service Oklahoma Crop Weather Oklahoma Field Office Cooperating with the Oklahoma Department of Agriculture, Food and Forestry P.O. Box 528804 · Oklahoma City, OK 73152-8804 (405) 522-6190 · FAX (405) 528-2296 · www.nass.usda.gov/ok A combined contribution with Cooperative Extension Service, USDA Farm Service Agency and Oklahoma Mesonet -over- USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. Information provided by respondents on NASS surveys, will remain completely confidential, as required by Federal law. NASS safeguards the confidentiality of all responses, ensuring that no individual producer or operation can be identified. Volume 36, Number 7 Weekly Summary for Mar 25-Mar 31 Issued April 1, 2013 Hail and Severe Thunderstorms Severe thunderstorms brought damaging wind gusts and hail across Oklahoma this past weekend. Hail was reported across most areas of the state, but the highest rain totals were recorded in eastern Oklahoma. The state averaged 0.6 of an inch of precipitation and all but four Mesonet stations recorded some precipitation. The month of March ended with only half of the normal precipitation for the state. Cooler than normal temperatures averaged in the low 50s for the week, though the weekend warmed up significantly. Cooler weather has slowed crop and forage development, and small grain jointing continued to be behind normal. Canola blooming was reported, though well behind last year, and corn was being planted in limited areas. Topsoil moisture conditions continued to be rated mostly adequate to short. Subsoil moisture conditions were still rated mostly short to very short with 15 percent of the state rated as adequate. There were 5.9 days suitable for fieldwork. Small Grains: Condition ratings for all wheat, rye and oats continued to be rated mostly good to fair. Crop progress was behind normal for all small grains. Wheat jointing was halfway complete by Sunday, 15 points behind the five-year average. Rye jointing was 60 percent complete, 18 points behind normal progress. Oat planting continued with spring oats and was 89 percent complete by the end of the week, and eight percent was jointing, 11 points behind the five-year average. Canola continued to be rated mostly fair to poor, with 42 percent rated poor to very poor. Eight percent of canola was reported as blooming by the end of the week, compared with 84 percent this week last year. Row Crops: Seedbed preparation continued on all row crops, and corn planting was underway. Corn seedbed preparation was 71 percent complete by the end of the week, and eight percent of corn was planted, compared to 25 percent last year and a 12 percent five-year average. Sorghum seedbed preparation was 32 percent complete, and soybean seedbed preparation was 24 percent complete by week's end. Peanut seedbed preparation was 15 percent complete, and cotton seedbed preparation was 35 percent complete, both behind normal. Pasture and Livestock: Conditions of pasture and range improved slightly, but continued to be rated mostly poor to very poor. Warmer temperatures were needed to encourage forage growth. Stock pond levels have improved where run-off was received in the eastern half of the state. Livestock conditions were still rated mostly good to fair. Soil Moisture Conditions by Percent Week Ending Sunday, March 31, 2013 Moisture Rating Current Week Previous Week One Year Ago Topsoil Very Short 18 18 5 Short 39 33 11 Adequate 41 48 76 Surplus 2 1 8 Subsoil Very Short 45 45 15 Short 39 43 29 Adequate 15 12 53 Surplus 1 0 3 Conditions by Percent For Week Ending Sunday, March 31, 2013 Commodity Very Poor Poor Fair Good Excellent Wheat 10 23 40 25 2 Rye 19 13 30 34 4 Oats 9 16 44 28 3 Canola 16 26 31 25 2 Livestock 5 15 45 31 4 Pasture and Range 34 32 26 8 0
Object Description
Okla State Agency |
Agriculture, Food, and Forestry, Oklahoma Department of |
Okla Agency Code |
'040' |
Title | Oklahoma crop weather, 04/01/2013, v.36 no.7 |
Authors |
Oklahoma. Department of Agriculture, Food and Forestry. United States. National Agricultural Statistics Service. Oklahoma Field Office. |
Publication Date | 2013-04-01 |
Publication type |
Statistics |
Purpose | Hail and Severe Thunderstorms Severe thunderstorms brought damaging wind gusts and hail across Oklahoma this past weekend. |
For all issues click |
A1120.6 C948ws |
Digital Format | PDF, Adobe Reader required |
ODL electronic copy | Downloaded from agency website: http://www.nass.usda.gov/Statistics_by_State/Oklahoma/Publications/Crop_Progress_&_Condition/2013/ok_cw_03_31_2013.pdf |
Rights and Permissions | This Oklahoma state government publication is provided for educational purposes under U.S. copyright law. Other usage requires permission of copyright holders. |
Date created | 2013-04-09 |
Date modified | 2013-04-09 |


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Tyler Rose Swimwear
Moonlight Reversible Dress
You can buy swimwear and tell someone about it, or you can wear Tyler Rose Swimwear, and not have to say a word. Make no mistake, designer Nichole Carroll is an artist. Her inspiration is the austere beaches and poolsides of the French Riviera, and the starlets whose feet graced its blanched sandy coves.
- 90% poly 10% spandex
- Neckline to hem measures approx 44" in length
- Unlined
- Hand wash cold
- Reversible
- Convertible shoulder straps
- Raw cut hem
- Styled with Dolce Vita Izara Sandal in Black.
- Styled with gorjana Kaia Ring in Gold.
- Styled with gorjana Delaney Square Ring in Gold.
- Styled with Marc by Marc Jacobs Bolt Tiny Bangle in Rose Gold.
- Styled with Low Luv x Erin Wasson Rising Sun Cuff in Gold.
- Styled with Unearthen Triarch Clear Quartz Ring in Gold.
- Modeled in size all. See fit guide for model's dimensions.
- Revolve Style No. TROS-WX44
- Manufacturer Style No. SP13MOONC


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Small, blonde, and Australian, Radha Mitchell first made an impression on international audiences as the paramour of a heroin-addled photographer (Ally Sheedy) in Lisa Cholodenko's High Art (1998). Mitchell, a native of Melbourne, began acting when she was still in high school and had her professional debut on the popular Aussie soap Neighbours in 1994. Two years later, she made her film debut in the romantic comedy Love and Other Catastrophes, in which she starred as a college student experiencing a messy breakup with her girlfriend (Frances O'Connor). The film proved to be fairly popular in Australia, but it wasn't until she was cast in High Art that Mitchell gained an introduction to a wider audience. The critical success of High Art made it possible for her to do more international work, and her increasing popularity was reflected by her subsequent casting in a number of projects. Among them were Pitch Black (2000), a sci-fi horror film in which Mitchell played a pilot whose ship crashes on a hostile planet, and Everything Put Together (2000), a drama about a suburban woman (Mitchell) shunned by her peers after the death of her baby.
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Indiana's best all-around park (65 miles west of Indianapolis) has a large lodge; hiking trails through deep, wooded ravines; horseback riding; and an impressive, year-round lineup of naturalist programming. Just one minor quibble: You have to go off-site for popular canoeing and tubing on Sugar Creek. (765) 597-2635
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' I h a v e b e a t e n t h em a l l ! A l l ! '
By Jonathan Steinberg (Oxford University Press 577pp £25)
hypochondria was also drummed into service as a political weapon. If his sovereign allowed even a hint of criticism to pass his lips, Bismarck would take himself off to bed, moaning and groaning until an apology was forthcoming. Typical was a letter of 1869: 'I am sick to death and have gall bladder problems … I have not slept for 36 hours and spent the entire night vomiting. My head feels like a glowing oven in spite of cold compresses. I fear that I am about to lose my mind.' He was not the only one: many contemporaries thought that Bismarck was always verging on madness and often tipping over the edge.
RIDING THROUGH LORRAINE after the defeat of France in the autumn of 1870, Otto von Bismarck was accosted by a woman whose husband had just been taken into custody for attacking a Prussian hussar with a spade. 'In the kindliest possible manner' he replied to her tearful entreaties: 'Well, my good woman, you can be quite sure that your husband' – and at this point he drew a line around his neck with his finger – 'will very soon be hanged!' This contrast between civilised exter ior and brutal s ubstance a r i s e s o f t en i n Jonathan Steinberg's magnificent new biography. Disraeli, for example, was impressed by Bismarck's 'sweet and gentle vo i c e ' and h i s ' peculiar l y refined enunciation' but added t ha t i t made a l l t he more appalling the terrible things he actually said. Bismarck not only loved to outrage people, he t u r ned o f f ens iveness i n t o a political tactic r ight from the start, subduing his fellow cons e r va t ive s i n t he Pr u s s i an Parliament by presenting himself as 'the most extreme of extremists, the wildest of reactionaries, and the most savage of debaters'.
So, how on earth did he become the most successful political figure of the nineteenth century? He was German Chancellor for nineteen years and transfor med the European continent more radically than any other individual, with the possible exception of Napoleon, even though, unlike the latter, Bismarck was neither a general nor an emperor. As Steinberg makes clear, the secret of his power was his ability to control the King of Prussia, William I, whom he made German Emperor in 1871.
Bismarck: bringing Europe to heel
Appointed Prime Minister of Prussia in 1862, when William was contemplating abdication over a prolonged dispute with the l iberal major i ty in Parliament, Bismarck quickly made himself indispensable. It was a re l a t ionship he then exploited with character istic ruthlessness. William may have moaned that 'it's hard to be Emperor under Bismarck' and occasionally kicked feebly against the pricks, but he was always soon back in harness, apologising profusely for his temerity. When Bismarck asked to resign in 1869 over a trivial
A self-centred, neurotic, corrupt, vindictive, treacherous, unprincipled, despotic, gluttonous ingrate, and a habitual liar to boot, Bismarck was a spectacularly nasty piece of work. That is well known, of course. What marks out Steinberg's account is his ability to get inside his subject's seething mind. The praise bestowed by Bismarck on Thomas Carlyle – 'he understood how to put himself in the soul of another person' – also applies to his own biographer. As Steinberg convincingly argues, there was a close causal relationship between his subject's frequently diseased body and his permanently sick soul. He was always whining about his poor health, indeed 'no statesman of the nineteenth or twentieth century fell ill so frequently, so publicly, and so dramatically'. This issue – as he often did – William wrote: 'How can you imagine that I could even think of acceding to your idea! It is my greatest happiness [underlined twice] to live with you and to thoroughly agree with you!' and signed the letter 'Your most faithful friend [underlined three times] W.'
From this bedrock of royal support Bismarck dominated first Prussia, then Germany and then Europe. He had been dealt a strong hand. By the time he came to power, Prussia was well on the way to becoming the continent's dominant economy, not least because it had acquired the Ruhr from the wreckage of the Napoleonic Empire. The international situation was equally propitious. Russia was still licking its wounds after defeat in the Crimean War; Austria had been enfeebled by the war against France over Italy in 1859; Britain was preoccupied with getting rich and grabbing colonies. In taking advantage, Bismarck was
LITERARY REVIEW February 2011
helped by two organisers of genius: the Prussian Minister of War, Albrecht von Roon, and the Chief of the General Staff, Helmuth von Moltke. It was they who supplied the military instrument to defeat Denmark in 1864, Austria in 1866 and France in 1870–71. But it was Bismarck who combined all the political, diplomatic and military assets in one invincible package. Well might he pound his desk and shout in triumph: 'I have beaten them all! All!' As Steinberg's knowledge of the context is as profound as his knowledge of Bismarck, this biography also provides a brilliant account of the process of German unification in all its manifestations.
He also charts with masterly cogency the growing problems that afflicted the second – and much longer – part of Bismarck's political career, ending in his humiliating dismissal in 1890. The law of unintended consequences operated with ever-intensifying insistence, as he lost control of the forces he had unleashed. As Steinberg puts it, employing one of the many arresting images that make this book such a pleasure to read: ' in 1866 Bismarck brandished democracy at the Habsburgs like a cross in front of a vampire'. But whereas at first his mobilisation of the masses worked well, they turned out to have a will of their own. Instead of fo l lowing Bismarck's script and voting for conservative parties, they increasingly turned to the Catholic Centre Party and then – even more alarmingly – to the Social Democrats. By 1890 those whom Bismarck excoriated as 'enemies of the German Empire' held a majority in Parliament.
The very complex and unwieldy constitution he imposed on the new Germany was expressly designed to suit him, or in other words to preserve a system in which a strong Chancellor bullied a weak King. Always difficult to manage, it fell apart completely in the late 1880s. After William I died in 1888 at the age of ninety, his son Frederick reigned for only ninety-nine days before succumbing to throat cancer and making way for his own son, William II. As highly strung as Bismarck but not as br ight, the new Emperor was soon asserting himself. With all the inevitability of a Greek tragedy, the very same sort of plot that had brought Bismarck to power – an intr igue by a court camar illa – now brought his downfall. Retiring to one of his numerous estates, he was soon back doing what he did best: complaining and conspiring. He also enjoyed being the Grand Old Man of Germany, revelling in his status as the national hero, as a forest of statues in his honour sprang up right around the country. Even the Bavarians had come to venerate him. If they had known what was coming, they might have been less enthusiastic. As Jonathan Steinberg argues, many of the woes that were to afflict Germany, Europe and the world in the century that followed can be traced back to the man in whom 'the greatness and misery of human individuality was stretched to its limits'. To order this book for £20, see LR Bookshop on page 10
LITERARY REVIEW February 2011


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Current Time 1:43:24pm
Belmont County led shale permitting in July
Written by Z. Daniel BarnettODNR data shows oil and gas boom continues in southeastern Ohio
CAMBRIDGE, Ohio -- Data released by the state this week shows that southeastern Ohio continues to be the epicenter of shale drilling activity.
According to the Ohio Department of Natural Resources, Belmont County led the state in permitting activity in July. Fifteen permits were issued to Gulfport Energy and Hess Ohio Development in Kirkwood, Warren, Somerset and Union townships. So far, 45 wells permits have been issued in Belmont County, 10 of which have been drilled and four of which are producing.
Guernsey County saw nine drilling permits issued last month to Gulfport Energy, bringing the county's total to 45. Eight of 12 wells drilled are currently producing.
In Noble County, four new permits were issued to Antero Resources: two in Beaver Township and two in Seneca Township. Those are part of the 56 permits issued in the county. Eleven wells there are currently producing.
A total of 80 new horizontal drilling permits were issued in July.
Carroll County continues to lead the state in permitting activity, with a total of 311 permits.
So far, 832 horizontal drilling permits have been issued since 2011. The ODNR says 466 wells have been drilled, 122 of which are producing.
Z. Daniel Barnett
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Organizations everywhere are constantly looking for ways to improve analytic capabilities. But without the right people, knowledge, skills, and experience, data analytics projects often fall short of goals and expectations.
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Hi everyone,
I have some 300 images, all handheld shots done in an on-location studio set. They all need varying amounts of image rotation since they're handheld. There's a beaded curtain in the background, so manually I use the ruler tool, draw a line along a strand of beads, and then image/rotate/arbitrary.
I need to create an action that will (1) do the arbitrary rotation and then (2) save and close the file.
However, when I record this, the value of the rotation of the sample file I'm working is what gets recorded (not surprising). In other words, if image A needs 0.28 degrees of rotation, that's not what I want for image B which might need -0.15 degrees instead. The action recorded 0.28.
Is there a way to create an action that will simply rotate according to the ruler once I've drawn it?
You have not said what version of photoshop you are using, but it sounds like it is earlier than CS5 that has a Straighten button in the Options bar when you use the Ruler tool. What you could do as a temporary measure, is to DL and install the public beta of CS6 which has the same function. There's about 30 days left before the beta times out.
BTW I just tried it in CS6 and, unlike CS5, the Straighten tool does not do crop the image as part of the same function. I can't see anything in the Options bar, so can someone check and see if there's something I am missing please?
Trevor - I think you gave me the answer...
After drawing the line needed by the ruler, I use the straigten option (which I'd forgotten existed). In CS5, this also crops - but that's something I can take care of via the history.
While recording, I "straighten", and then unclick the crop state in the history. The action caught this. I'll add save and close to it, but thus far - it seems to be working...
True - and I am a keyboard shortcut dude. But got it working (I was impressed that using the mouse to unclick the last step in the history worked...), and things are doing what I needed.
And I'm hoping that my suggestion of the last-step undo will make CS5 on par with CS6 in this one small aspect, and perhaps help someone else...
Many thanks to you!!!
BTW - all in the FWIW - you can see what our work as photographers looks like here:
If you are at all into music/rock 'n roll, you'll probably have fun on our music/stage gallery. Groups like YES, Heart, Thomas Dolby, etc. use a bit of our work - just a bit of fun...
Again - thanks and best wishes,
That's coming up as a bad link, and yes I would be interested. We are not encouraged to showcase our work on these forums, but It is apparently OK to put links in our Profiles. I think that should be compulsory rather than an option, so we can see the kind of work people are into, and if they can walk the walk as wel as they they talk the talk. And while I am in cliche overload mode... SHOW US THE MONEY!
Now I am off to check my profile to make sure I actually have a link there!
BTW. This posted from my iPad because my fairly new i7 3930K system with 32Gb RAM just died on me. I think the PSU is dead. Bummer.
[EDIT] Looks like I lied about the Profile. There is no provision to put a URL in it that I can see.
Hi Trevor - the link has a period '.' at the end that's messing this up.
Here's the correct link:
Good luck with the i7 box!!! Thanks again for your help!
Message was edited by: Toasted Spider Actually - there is a place where you can add your URL to your profile, but I don't know how to make it show up in the signature...