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The following is a compiled list of mobile terms and acronyms taken from a GSM Association supported publication.
1G The first generation of analogue mobile phone technologies including AMPS, TACS and NMT 2G The second generation of digital mobile phone technologies including GSM, CDMA IS-95 and D-AMPS IS-136 2.5G The enhancement of GSM which includes technologies such as GPRS 3G The third generation of mobile phone technologies covered by the ITU IMT-2000 family 3GPP The 3rd Generation Partnership Project, a grouping of international standards bodies, operators and vendors with the responsibility of standardising the WCDMA based members of the IMT-2000 family 3GPP2 The counterpart of 3GPP with responsibility for standardising the CDMA2000-based members of the IMT-2000 family. 3GPP2 is spearheaded by ANSI 8PSK Octantal Phase Shift Keying
Back to top A5/1/2/3/8X Encryption algorithms for GSM networks AAL ATM Adaptation Layer ABR Available Bit Rate A-bis Interface between the BSC and BTS in a GSM network AB Access Burst; used for random access and characterised by a longer guard period to allow for burst transmission from a MS that does not know the correct timing advance when first contacting a network ACTE Approvals Committee for Terminal Equipment ACTS Advanced Communications Technologies and Services, an European technology initiative ACU Antenna Combining Unit ADPCM Adaptive Differential Pulse Code Modulation; a form of voice compression that typically uses 32kbit/s AFC Automatic Frequency Control AGCH Access Grant Channel; downlink only, BTS allocates a TCH or SDCCH to the MS, allowing it access to the network Air interface In a mobile phone network, the radio transmission path between the base station and the mobile terminal A-interface Interface between the MSC and BSS in a GSM network AM Amplitude Modulation AMPS Advanced Mobile Phone System, the analogue mobile phone technology used in North and South America and in around 35 other countries. Operates in the 800MHz band using FDMA technology AMR Adaptive Multi-Rate codec. Developed in 1999 for use in GSM networks, the AMR has been adopted by 3GPP for 3G Analogue The representation of information by a continuously variable physical quantity such as voltage ANSI American National Standards Institute. An non-profit making US organisation, which does not carry out standardisation work but reviews the work of standards bodies and assigns them category codes and numbers ANSI-136 See D-AMPS API Application Program Interface AoC Advice of Charge ARIB Association of Radio Industries and Businesses. An organisation established by Japan's Ministry of Posts and Communications to act as the standardisation authority for radio communication and broadcasting ARPU Average Revenue Per User ASCII American Standard Code for Information Interchange ASIC Application Specific Integrated Circuit ASP Application Service Provider Asymmetric Transmission Data transmissions where the traffic from the network to the subscriber is at a higher rate than the traffic from the subscriber to the network A-TDMA Advanced Time Division Multiple Access ATM Asynchronous Transfer Mode; a multiplexed information transfer and switching method in which the data is organised into fixed length 53-octet cells and transmitted according to each application.s instantaneous need AUC Authentication Centre; the element within a GSM network which generates the parameters for subscriber authentication Back to top
Bandwidth A term meaning both the width of a transmission channel in terms of Hertz and the maximum transmission speed in bits per second that it will support BCH Broadcast Channels; carry only downlink information and are mainly responsible for synchronisation and frequency correction (BCCH, FCCH and SCH) BCCH Broadcast Control Channel; the logical channel used in cellular networks to broadcast signalling and control information to all mobile phones within the network B-CDMA Broadband Code Division Multiple Access B-ISDN Broadband ISDN BER Bit Error Rate; the percentage of received bits in error compared to the total number of bits received BERT Bit Error Rate Test Bit A bit is the smallest unit of information technology. As bits are made up using the binary number system, all multiples of bits must be powers of two, i.e., a kilobit is actually 1024 bits and a megabit 1048576 bits. Transmission speeds are given in bits per second (bit/s) Bluetooth A low power, short range wireless technology designed to provide a replacement for the serial cable. Operating in the 2.4GHz ISM band, Bluetooth can connect a wide range of personal, professional and domestic devices such as laptop computers and mobile phones together wirelessly BHCA Busy Hour Call Attempts; the number of call attempts made during a network's busiest hour of the day BSC Base Station Controller; the network entity controlling a number of Base Transceiver Stations BSS Base Station System/Subsystem BTS Base Transceiver Station; the network entity, which communicates with the mobile station Back to top
CAI Common Air Interface; a standard developed for the UK's public CT2 networks which enabled the same handset to be used on different networks CAMEL Customised Application for Mobile network Enhanced Logic; an IN feature in GSM networks that enables users to carry personal services with them when roaming into other networks that support CAMEL CSE CAMEL Service Environment Capacity A measure of a cellular network's ability to support simultaneous calls CB Cell Broadcast CC Call Control; manages call connections CCB Customer Care and Billing CCCH Common Control Channels; a group of uplink and downlink channels between the MS and the BTS (see PCH, AGCH and RACH) CCS7 Common Channel Signalling No. 7 CDMA Code Division Multiple Access; also known as spread spectrum, CDMA cellular systems utilise a single frequency band for all traffic, differentiating the individual transmissions by assigning them unique codes before transmission. There are a number of variants of CDMA (see W-CDMA, B-CDMA, TD-SCDMA et al) CDMAone The first commercial CDMA cellular system; deployed in North America and Korea; also known as IS-95 CDMA2000 A member of the IMT-2000 3G family; backwardly compatible with cdmaOne CDMA 1X The first generation of cdma2000; the standardisation process indicated that there would be CDMA 2X and CDMA 3X but this no longer appears likely CDMA 1X EV-DO A variant of CDMA 1X which delivers data only CDPD Cellular Digital Packet Data; a packet switched data service largely deployed in the USA. The service uses idle analogue channels to carry the packetised information CDPSK Coherent Differential Phase Shift Keying CDR Call Detail Records; the record made within the cellular network of all details of both incoming and outgoing calls made by subscribers, The CDR is passed to the billing system for action Cell The area covered by a cellular base station. A cell site may sectorise its antennas to service several cells from one locationCell site The facility housing the transmitters/receivers, the antennas and associated equipment Cell splitting The process of converting a single cell to multiple cells by sectorising the antennas in the cell site or constructing additional cells within a cell site CELP Code Excited Linear Prediction; an analogue to digital voice coding scheme, there are a number of variants used in cellular systems CEPT Conference of European Posts and Telecommunications. A organisation of national posts, telegraphs and telephone administrations. Until 1988, when this work was taken over by ETSI, the main European body for telecommunications standardisation. CEPT established the original GSM standardisation group CF Call Forwarding CI Carrier to Interference ratio CIBER Cellular Intercarrier Billing Exchange Roamer Record CID Caller Identification Circuit switching A method used in telecommunications where a temporary dedicated circuit of constant bandwidth is established between two distant endpoints in a network. Mainly used for voice traffic; the opposite of packet switching CLID Calling Line Identification CLIP Calling Line Identification Presentation CLIR Calling Line Identification Restriction CM Connection Management; is used to set up, maintain and take down call connections CMOS Complementary Metal Oxide Substrate Codec A word formed by combining coder and decoder, the codec is a device, which encodes and decodes signals. The voice codec in a cellular network converts voice signals into and back from bit strings. In GSM networks, in addition to the standard voice codec, it is possible to implement Half Rate (HR) codecs and Enhanced Full Rate (EFR) codecs Control signal A signal sent to a cellular phone from a base station or vice versa which carries information essential to the call but not including the audio portion of a conversation CPE Customer Premises Equipment; all the equipment on the end user.s side of the network interface CPU Central Processing Unit CRC Cyclic Redundancy Check CRM Customer Relationship Management CSS Customer Support System CT Cordless Telephony CT0 Zero generation cordless telephony; the earliest domestic cordless phones which used analogue technology and which had severe limitations in terms of range and security CT1 First generation cordless telephony; Improved analogue phones with greater range and security; a number of European nations produced CT1 standards CT2 Second generation cordless telephony; Using digital technology CT2 phones offered greater range, improved security and a wide range of new functionalities. Used in both domestic and cordless PABX deployments, CT2 was standardised as an interim ETS but was overwhelmed by DECT CT2-CAI Second generation cordless telephony-common air interface CTA Cordless Terminal Adaptor; a DECT term CTM Cordless Terminal Mobility CTR Common Technical Regulation; part of the ETSI standardisation process CUG Closed User Group Back to top
D/A Digital to Analogue conversion DAC Digital to Analogue Convertor DAMA Demand Assigned Multiple Access D-AMPS Digital AMPS, a US wireless standard also known as IS-136 DAN DECT Access Node DCA Dynamic Channel Assignment DCCH Dedicated Control Channels; responsible for roaming, handovers, encryption, etc., (See SDCCH, SACCH and FACCH) DCE Data Communications Equipment DCH Data Clearing House DCPSK Differentially Coherent Phase Shift Keying DCS1800 Digital Cellular System at 1800MHz, now known as GSM1800 DECT Digitally Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications system, a second generation digital cordless technology standardised by ETSI DEPSK Differential Encoded Phase Shift Keying DES Digital Encryption Standard DFSK Double Frequency Shift Keying Digital a method of representing information as numbers with discrete values; usually expressed as a sequence of bits DPCM Differential Pulse Code Modulation DPSK Digital Phase Shift Keying DQPSK Digital Quadrature Phase Shift Keying DS-CDMA Direct Sequence CDMA DSP Digital Signal Processing DSRR Digital Short Range Radio; a UK standard for a low power, short range radio system designed for small voice and data networks DTE Data Terminal Equipment DTMF Dual Tone MultiFrequency; better know as Touch Tone. The tones generated by touching the keys on the phone are used for a variety of purposes including voice mail systems and voice messaging DTX Discontinuous Transmission Dual Band The capability of GSM infrastructure elements and handsets to work across both the 900MHz and 1800MHz bands. The capability to seamlessly handover between the two bands offers operators major capacity gains DB Dummy Burst; transmitted as a filler in unused timeslots of the carrier Duplex The wireless technique where one frequency band is used for traffic from the network to the subscriber (the downlink) and another, widely separated, band is used for traffic from the subscriber to the network (the uplink) Back to top
EDGE Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution; effectively, the final stage in the evolution of the GSM standard, EDGE uses a new modulation schema to enable theoretical data speeds of up to 384kbit/s within the existing GSM spectrum. An alternative upgrade path towards 3G services for operators, such as those in the USA, without access to new spectrum. Also known as Enhanced GPRS (E-GPRS) EEPROMElectrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory EFREnhanced Full Rate; an alternative voice codec that provides improved voice quality in a GSM network (see codec) EFTElectronic Funds Transfer EGSMExtended (frequency range) GSM EIREquipment Identity Register; a database that contains a list of all valid mobile stations within a network based on their IMEI EIRPEffective Isotropic Radiated Power EPOCThe mobile phone operating system developed by Symbian. Derived from epoch-the beginning of an era-EPOC is a 32-bit operating environment, which comprises a suite of applications, customisable user interfaces, connectivity options and a range of development tools EPROMErasable Programmable Read Only Memory ErlangA dimensionless unit of average traffic density in a telecommunications network ERMESEnhanced Radio Messaging System; a paging technology developed by ETSI which was intended to allow users to roam throughout Europe. Adopted by a number of European and Middle Eastern countries, ERMES, like paging in general, was overtaken by the ubiquity of GSM EROEuropean Radiocommunications Office ERPEffective Radiated Power ESMREnhanced Special Mobile Radio; a US PMR variant (see SMR) ESNElectronic Serial Number; a 32-bit number that uniquely identifies a mobile phone ESPRITEuropean Strategic Programme for Research and Development in Information Technology ETACSExtended TACS; the extension of TACS by the addition of new frequencies ETSIEuropean Telecommunications Standards Institute: The European group responsible for defining telecommunications standards Back to top
FACCH Fast Associated Control Channel; similar to the SDCCH but used in parallel for operation of the TCH. If the data rate of the SACCH is insufficient borrowing mode is used FB Frequency Correction Burst; used for frequency synchronisation of the mobile FCC Federal Communications Commission; the US regulatory body for telecommunications FCCH Frequency Correction Channel; downlink only, correction of MS frequencies, transmission of frequency standard to MS, etc. FDD Frequency Division Duplex; a radio technique, which uses paired spectrum; UMTS has an FDD element FDMA Frequency Division Multiple Access-a transmission technique where the assigned frequency band for a network is divided into sub-bands, which are allocated to a subscriber for the duration of their calls FEC Forward Error Correction FH Frequency Hopping FH-CDMA Frequency Hopping CDMA FMC Fixed Mobile Convergence FMI Fixed Mobile Integration FPLMTS Future Public Land Mobile Telecommunications System, the original title of the ITU's third generation concept now known as IMT-2000 FRA Fixed Radio Access; see WLL FSDPSK Filtered Symmetric Differential Phase Shift Keying FSK Frequency Shift Keying; a method of using frequency modulation to send digital information FSOQ Frequency Shift Offset Quadrature Modulation FSS Fixed Satellite ServiceGb The interface between the PCU and the SGSN in a GSM/GPRS network Back to top
Gc The interface between the GGSN and the HLR in a GSM/GPRS network Gd The interface between the SGSN and the SMSC in a GSM/GPRS network Gf The interface between the SGSN and the EIR in a GSM/GPRS network Gi The interface between the GGSN and the Internet in a GPRS network Gn The interface between the GGSN and the SGSN in a GPRS network Gp The interfaces between the GGSN/SGSN and the Border Gateway in a GPRS network Gr The interface between the SGSN and the HLR in a GPRS network Gs The interface between the SGSN and the MSC in a GSM/GPRS network GAIT GSM/ANSI 136 Interoperability Committee GAP Generic Access Profile; a DECT term Gbit/s A unit of data transmission rate equal to one billion bits per second GMSC Gateway Mobile Services Switching Centre; the gateway between two networks GCF Global Certification Forum Geostationary Refers to a satellite in equatorial orbit above the earth which appears from the surface to be stationary GERAN GSM-EDGE Radio Access Network; the name for the evolution of GSM towards 3G based on EDGE GGRF GSM Global Roaming Forum GGSN Gateway GPRS Support Node; the gateway between a cellular network and a IP network. GHz A unit of frequency equal to one billion Hertz per second GMPCS Global Mobile Personal Communications by Satellite GMSK Gaussian filtered Minimum Shift Keying; a refinement of FSK which minimises adjacent channel interference GPRS General Packet Radio Service; standardised as part of GSM Phase 2+, GPRS represents the first implementation of packet switching within GSM, which is a circuit switched technology. GPRS offers theoretical data speeds of up to 115kbit/s using multislot techniques. GPRS is an essential precursor for 3G as it introduces the packet switched core required for UMTS GPS Global Positioning System; a location system based on a constellation of US Department of Defence satellites. Depending on the number of satellites visible to the user can provide accuracies down to tens of metres. Now being incorporated as a key feature in an increasing number of handsets GRX GPRS Roaming Exchange GSM Global System for Mobile communications, the second generation digital technology originally developed for Europe but which now has in excess of 71 per cent of the world market. Initially developed for operation in the 900MHz band and subsequently modified for the 850, 1800 and 1900MHz bands. GSM originally stood for Groupe Speciale Mobile, the CEPT committee, which began the GSM standardisation process GSM MoU The GSM Memorandum of Understanding, an agreement signed between all the major European operators to work together to promote GSM. The precursor of the GSM Association GSM-R GSM-Railway, A variant of GSM designed to meet the special communications needs of international train operators Back to top
Handoff The transfer of control of a cellular phone call in progress from one cell to another, without any discontinuity Hands-free The operation of a cellular phone without using the handset; usually installed in vehicles. HCS Hierarchical Cell Structure; the architecture of a multi-layered cellular network where subscribers are handed over from the macro to the micro to the pico layer depending on the current network capacity and the needs of the subscriber HDLC High level Data Link Control HIPERLAN High Performance Radio Local Access Network; a wireless local area network being standardised by ETSI (Also HIPERLAN2) HLR Home Location Register; the database within a GSM network which stores all the subscriber data. An important element in the roaming process HSCSD High Speed Circuit Switched Data; a special mode in GSM networks which provides higher data throughput By cocatenating a number of timeslots, each delivering 14.4kbit/s, much higher data speeds can be achieved HSPSD High Speed Packet Switched DataIub The interface between the Node B and the RNC in a UMTS network Back to top
Iur The interface between RNCs in a UMTS network Iups The connection between the RNC and the packet switched network in a GSM/GPRS/UMTS network Iucs The connection between the RNC and the circuit switched network in a GSM/GPRS/ UMTS network I-ETS Interim European Telecommunications Standard I-mode A service developed by Japanese operator NTT DoCoMo, I-mode delivers a huge range of services to subscribers and has proved enormously popular with some 30 million regular users. The revenue sharing model used for I-mode is being adopted by other operators as the basis for the new services enabled by GPRS and 3G IMEI International Mobile Equipment Identity IMSI International Mobile Subscriber Identity; an internal subscriber identity used only by the network IMT-2000 The family of third generation technologies approved by the ITU. There are five members of the family: IMT-DS, a direct sequence WCDMA FDD solution IMT-TC, a WCDMA TDD solution IMT-MC, a multicarrier solution developed from cdma2000 IMT-SC, a single carrier solution developed from IS-136/UWC-136 IMT-FT, a TDMA/TDD solution derived from DECT IN Intelligent Network INAP Intelligent Network Application Part Internet A loose confederation of autonomous databases and networks. Originally developed for academic use the Internet is now a global structure of millions of sites accessible by anyone Intranet A private network which utilises the same techniques as the Internet but is accessible only by authorised users IP Internet Protocol IPR Intellectual Property Rights IPv6 The next generation of IP addressing designed to replace the current system IPv4 which uses a 32 bit address code which limits the number of possible addresses. IPv6 uses a 128 bit code ensuring that the possible number of IP addresses will be virtually limitless IrDA Infra red Data Association Iridium A low earth orbit satellite communications system developed initially by Motorola. IS-54 The first evolution in the USA from analogue to digital technology. Used a hybrid of analogue and digital technology, superseded by IS-136 IS-95 Cellular standard know also as cdmaOne IS-136 Cellular standard also known as TDMA or D-AMPS ISDN Integrated Services Digital Network ISO International Standards Organisation ISP Internet Service Provider ITU International Telecommunications Union ITU-R ITU Telecommunications Radio Sector ITU-T ITU Telecommunications Standardisation Sector IWF Interworking Function Back to top
Java A programming language developed by Sun Microsystems Java is characterised by the fact that programs written in Java do not rely on an operating system JPEG Joint Photographic Experts Group Back to top
LAN Local Area Network LANS Local Area Network Services LAP Link Access Protocol LEO Low Earth Orbit; refers to satellites, which orbit the Earth at around 1,000 kilometres LMSS Land Mobile Satellite Service LOS Line of Sight Back to top
MAC Media Access Control; the lower sublayer of the OSI system MAN Metropolitan Area Network MAP Mobile Application Part Mbit/s Megabit; a unit of data transmission speed equal to one million bits per second MHz Megahertz; a unit of frequency equal to one million Hertz MCPA Multi Carrier Power Amplifier MeXe Mobile Execution Environment; likely to be based on Java, MeXe enables WAP-enabled devices to offer a wider range of features with greater security and flexibility, as well as greater control of telephony features MFSK Multiple Frequency Shift Keying MMI Man Machine Interface MMS Multimedia Messaging Service; an evolution of SMS, MMS goes beyond text messaging offering various kinds of multimedia content including images, audio and video clips MMSK Modified Minimum Shift Keying MNO Mobile Network Operator Modulation The process of imposing an information signal on a carrier. This can be done by changing the amplitude (AM), the frequency (FM) or the phase, or any combination of these MoU Memorandum of Understanding- see GSM MoU MPEG Motion Picture Experts Group; MPEG4 is a technology for compressing voice and video so that the information can be transmitted over normally difficult links such as mobile radio MS Mobile Station MSC Mobile Switching Centre; the switching centre of a mobile phone network, the MSC has interfaces to the BSCs, HLR, VLR and other MSCs MSISDN Mobile Station International ISDN Number MSK Minimum Shift Keying; Another term for FFSK Multiplexing A telecommunications technique where several channels can be combined to share the same transmission medium. The most common forms are Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) and Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM) MVPN Mobile Virtual Private Network Back to top
N-AMPS Narrowband AMPS NB Normal Burst; used to carry traffic and control channels except RACH NET Norme Europeenne de Telecommunications NMT Nordic Mobile Telephone system; an analogue cellular technology deployed in the Nordic countries in the late 1970.s; variations were also deployed in the Benelux countries and in Russia. NMT operated in the 450 and 900MHz bands and was the first technology to offer international roaming, albeit only in the Nordic countries Node B The element in a UMTS network which interfaces with the mobile station, analogous to a BTS in a GSM network Back to top
OTA Over the air activation (of services and tariff changes) O&M Operations and Maintenance OMC Operations and Maintenance Centre OMC-R The radio OMC OMC-S The switching OMC OSI Open Systems Interconnection; a seven layer model for protocols defined by ISO Back to top
PACS Personal Access Communication System; a digital cordless technology developed initially by Bell Labs in the US, PACS was designed to compete with DECT Packet switching A communication system wherein the information is transmitted in packets of a set size. These packets have address headers and find their way to their destination by the most efficient route through the network. Compared to circuit switching where a connection is occupied until the traffic exchange is completed, packet switching offers considerable efficiencies as connections can be used by a number of users simultaneously PAMR Public Access Mobile Radio; Commercial service using trunking techniques in which multiple groups of users can set up their own closed systems within a shared public network PAP Public Access Profile; a DECT term PCH Paging Channel; downlink only, the MS is informed of incoming calls by the BTS via the PCH PCM Pulse Code Modulation; the standard digital voice format at 64kbit/s PCMCIA Personal Computer Memory Card Interface Association the body responsible for defining the standards and formats for memory expansion cards for laptop computers and PDAs. Now extended to cover cards for mobile phones PCN Personal Communications Network; a designation initially used in the UK to refer to networks operating in the 1800MHz band (see also DCS1800). No longer in use PCS 1900 Personal Communications Systems 1900MHz; the terminology used in the US to describe the new digital networks being deployed in the 1900MHz band; rarely used today PCU Packet Control Unit; an element in a GPRS/UMTS network PDA Personal Digital Assistant PDC Personal Digital Communications; a digital cellular technology developed and deployed uniquely in Japan. A TDMA technology, PDC is incompatible with any other digital cellular standard PEDC Pan European Digital Communications; A designation occasionally used in the early 1990.s to describe GSM. No longer in use Penetration The percentage of the total population which owns a mobile phone PHS / PHP Personal HandyPhone System/Phone; a digital cordless technology developed in Japan which achieved great success. Deployed by NTT DoCoMo and other Japanese operators PHS offered two-way communications, data services and Internet access and eventually won some 28 million customers. Now in decline as cellular.s wide area capabilities offer better service PIN Personal Identifier Number PKI Public Key Infrastructure PLMN Public Land Mobile Network; any cellular operator.s network PMR Private Mobile Radiocommunications; two-way radio technology widely used for despatch and delivery services, taxi companies and the like. See TETRA POCSAG Post Office Code Standardisation Group; a now defunct industry grouping, which standardised pager addressing systems PoP Points of Presence; a method of measuring the value of a cellular licence; the approximate number of potential customers within a geographical area POTS Plain Old Telephone Service PROM Programmable Read Only Memory PSK Phase Shift Keying PSRCP Public Safety Radio Communications Project; an initiative by the UK Government to standardise all emergency services communications on to a single digital technology (see TETRA) PSDN Public Switched Data Network PSPDN Public Switched Packet Data Network PSTN Public Switched Telephone Network PSU Power Supply Unit PTO Public Telecommunication Operator PTT Posts, Telephone and Telegraph Administration PTT Push-to-Talk; a feature of PMR systems PWT Personal Wireless Telecommunications; a variant of DECT developed for use in the USA Back to top
QAM Quadrature Amplitude Modulation QAPSK Quadrature Amplitude Phase Shift Keying QCELP Quadrature Code Excited Linear Prediction QoS Quality of Service; a broad term to describe the performance attributes of an end-to-end connection QPSK Quadrature Phase Shift Keying Back to top
RACE Research in Advanced Communications in Europe RACH Random Access Channel; uplink only, allows the MS to request an SDCCH in response to a page or for a call RAM Random Access Memory RFP Radio Fixed Part; equivalent to a base station in a DECT system RCC Radio Common Carrier RELP Regular pulse Excitation Linear Prediction coding Reuse The assignment of frequencies or channels to cells so that adjoining cells do not use the same frequencies and cause interference whereas more distant cells can use the same frequencies. Reuse expands the capacity of a cellular network by enabling the use of the same channels throughout the network RP Radio Part RNC Radio Network Controller; the element which controls the Node Bs within a UMTS network. It is roughly analogous to a BSC in a GSM network Roaming A service unique to GSM which enables a subscriber to make and receive calls when outside the service area of his home network, e.g., when travelling abroad Router A device which forwards information in a network on a connectionless basis RRM Radio Resource Management, part of the UMTS infrastructure RT Remote Terminal Back to top
SACCH Slow Associated Control Channel; transmits continuous measurements in parallel with operation of TCH or SDCCH; needed for handover decisions SAR Specific Absorption Rate SB Synchronisation Burst; used for time synchronisation of the mobile S-CDMA Synchronous CDMA (see CDMA) SCH Synchronisation Channel; downlink only frame synchronisation and identification of base station SCP Switching/Service Control Point SDCCH Stand-alone Dedicated Control Channel; communications channel between the MS and the BTS. Used for signalling during call set-up before a TCH is allocated SDLC Synchronous Data Link Control SDMA Spatial Division Multiple Access SGSN Serving GPRS Support Node; the gateway between the RNC and the core network in a GPRS/UMTS network SIM Subscriber Identity Module; A smart card containing the telephone number of the subscriber, encoded network identification details, the PIN and other user data such as the phone book. A user.s SIM card can be moved from phone to phone as it contains all the key information required to activate the phone SoHo Small Office/Home Office Streaming An Internet derived expression for the one-way transmission of video and audio content STK SIM ToolKit: specified within the GSM standard, this allows operators to add additional functions to the phone menu in order to provide new services such as mobile banking or email SMR Specialised Mobile Radio; the US term for private mobile radio (See PMR) SMS Short Message Service; a text message service, which enables users to send short messages (160 characters) to other users. A very popular service, particularly amongst young people, with 400 billion SMS messages sent worldwide in 2002 SMSC SMS Centre - the network entity, which switches SMS traffic SMSCB SMS Cell Broadcast SMS-MO SMS Mobile Originated SMS-MT SMS Mobile Terminated SMS-PP SMS Point to Point SP Service Provider SQAM Staggered Quadrature Amplitude Modulation SQPSK Staggered Quadrature Phase Shift Keying SS Supplementary Service Support; handles special services SS7 Signalling System Number 7 (See CCS7) SSP Service Switching Point STM Synchronous Transfer Mode Symbian A company created by Psion, Nokia, Ericsson and Motorola in 1998 with the aim of developing and standardising an operating system which enable mobile phones from different manufacturers to exchange information The operating system is known as EPOC. Matsushita has subsequently joined Symbian Back to top
TACS Total Access Communications System (an AMPS variant deployed in a number of countries principally the UK) TAP Transferred Account Procedure; the essential charging methodology for international GSM roaming. There have been four TAP standards, TAP1, TAP2, TAP2+ and TAP3. The latter offers variable record length and is sufficiently flexible to support all future requirements arising from the move to 3G TBR Technical Basis for Regulation (part of the ETSI standardisation process) TCH Traffic Channel TD-CDMA Time Division CDMA TD-SCDMA Time Division-Synchronous CDMA; a CDMA variant developed by Chinese vendors which is claimed to offer high data rates and greater coverage TDD Time Division Duplex; a radio technology for use in unpaired spectrum. WCDMA/UMTS includes a band for TDD mode usage and both PHS and DECT use this technology TDMA Time Division Multiple Access; a technique for multiplexing multiple users onto a single channel on a single carrier by splitting the carrier into time slots and allocating these on a as-needed basis Telematics A wireless communications system designed for the collection and dissemination of information, particularly refers to vehicle-based electronic systems, vehicle tracking and positioning, on-line vehicle navigation and information systems and emergency assistance TETRA Terrestrial Trunked Radio; a European developed digital private mobile radio technology which is now being extensively deployed worldwide Tetrapol A competitive digital PMR technology to TETRA developed by French vendors TFTS Terrestrial Flight Telephone System Timeslot A frame within a TDMA schema; has a time interval of 576 microseconds. Physical content of a timeslot is known as a burst. Five different burst types exist, they are distinguished by different TDMA frame divisions (see NB, FB, SB, AB and DB) TIPHON Telecommunications and Internet Protocol Harmonisation over Networks; an ETSI project designed to support the market for voice communications and voice band communications. In particular TIPHON will ensure that users on IP-based networks can communicate with those on circuit switched networks TMN Telecommunications Management Network TMSI Temporary Mobile Subscriber Identity; covers the IMSI to prevent over-the-air interception and tracing TRAU Transcoder Rate Adapter Unit; the transport unit for a 16kbit/s traffic channel on the A-bis interface Tri-band Refers to a mobile phone able to operate on the three internationally designated GSM frequencies- 900, 1800 and 1900MHz TrueSync A technology which enables the optimal synchronisation of calendars, address books, action lists and memoranda. It enables multi-point, one-step synchronisation of wireless and wireline devices, desktop computers and server-based applications and services TRX Transmitter/receiver (transceiver) Back to top
UI User Interface Um The air interface between the BTS and the MS in a GSM network Uu The air interface between the Node B and the MS in a UMTS network. UMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunications System; the European entrant for 3G; now subsumed into the IMT-2000 family as the WCDMA technology. UPN Universal Personal Number UPT Universal Personal Telecommunications URL Uniform Resource Locator; the addressing system of the Internet USO Universal Service Obligation UTRA Universal Terrestrial Radio Access; the air interface component of WCDMA. UTRAN Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network; the UMTS radio access network comprising the RNC, Node B and the air interface USIM Universal Subscriber Identity Module; the 3G equivalent of the GSM SIM UWB Ultra Wide Band Back to top
VAS Value Added Services VBR Variable Bit Rate VHE Virtual Home Environment VLR Visitor Location Register Vocoder Voice coder VoIP Voice over Internet Protocol VPN Virtual Private Network VSAT Very Small Aperture Terminal VSELP Vector Sum Excited Linear Prediction Back to top
WAP Wireless Application Protocol; a de facto standard for enabling mobile phones to access the Internet and advanced services. Users can access websites and pages which have been converted by the use of WML into stripped-down versions of the original more suitable for the limited display capabilities of mobile phones WARC World Administration Radio Conference; an ITU conference held at regular intervals to determine the allocation of spectrum for various services WCDMA Wideband CDMA; the technology created from a fusion of proposals to act as the European entrant for the ITU IMT-2000 family WLL Wireless Local Loop; a technique for providing telephony and low speed data services to fixed customers using wireless. Regarded as having considerably potential for rapidly addressing the telecommunications gap in developing countries. A number of different WLL solutions have been marketed based on cellular and cordless technologies WLAN Wireless Local Area Network; a short range radio network normally deployed in traffic hotspots such as airport lounges, hotels and restaurants. WLAN enables suitably equipped users to access the fixed network wirelessly, providing high speed access (up to 11Mbit/s download) to distant servers. The key WLAN technologies are the IEEE802.11 family and ETSI HIPERLAN/2 WML Wireless Markup Language; a markup language developed specifically for wireless applications. WML is based on XML WQAM Weighted Quadrature Amplitude Modulation WWW World Wide Web Back to top
XML eXtended Markup Language The Consumer Mobile Glossary Advice of charge A service which provides the user with information on the cost of calls from a mobile phone Airtime The amount of time a subscriber spends using his/her mobile phone Battery status/Battery charge display An indication of the amount of battery life remaining Battery A chargeable device which provides the mobile phone with power. A variety of battery technologies have been used for mobile phones including nickel cadmium (NiCad), nickel metal hydride (NiMH) and lithium ion (Li-ion) Call barring A service which enables users to bar certain incoming or outgoing calls on their mobile phones Call timer A service which keeps track of the amount of airtime being used by the subscriber on a cumulative basis Call divert The capability to divert incoming calls to another phone (fixed or mobile) or to an answering service Call hold The ability to put an ongoing call on hold whilst answering or making a second call Caller ID Caller Identification; displays the name/number of the person calling a mobile phone. Also known as CLI CLI See Caller ID CLR Clear; the key on a cellular phone which is pressed to remove information from the display Data capable Mobile phones which have the capability to enable transmission of data from a laptop computer or PDA via the phone Dual band Mobile phones which support transmission and reception of calls on the 900MHz and 1800MHz bands with seamless handover between the two frequency bands EFR Enhanced Full Rate (codec); an improved version of the standard voice codec used in GSM phones; offers improved speech quality without impacting on network capacity END The key on a cellular phone which is pressed to terminate a call Infrared data port A facility on a mobile phone to allow information to be exchanged with other devices e.g. a PC using infra red technology Lock A function on a cellular phone which, when activated, prevents use of the phone until the user enters a security code No Service An indication on the display of a cellular phone that indicates that the user is in an area where cellular service is unavailable One-touch dialling The ability to dial frequently called numbers using a single key stroke; see Speed Dialling PCN Personal Communications Networks; an outdated term for GSM services in the 1800MHz band PDA Personal Digital Assistant; a sophisticated handheld device with advanced display facilities and a range of business-oriented software programs Phone book A list of personal names and numbers stored in a mobile phone.s internal memory or in the SIM card. These numbers can be called by accessing the appropriate memory and making a single key stroke PIN Personal Identity Number; a number, usually four digits, that must be keyed into a mobile phone to make it work. A security measure to prevent unauthorised usage RCL The function on a cellular phone which recalls a phone number from memory Roaming The ability to make and receive calls on the same mobile phone when travelling outside the area of the home network operator Smartphone a combination of mobile phone and personal digital assistant SND Send; The key on a cellular phone which initiates a call or answers an incoming call Speed dialling See One-touch dialling Standby time The length of time a battery can power a mobile phone when it is switched on but not making or receiving calls Talk-time The length of time a battery can power a mobile phone when making or receiving calls Voicemail A service offered by network operators whereby calls received when the mobile is in use, switched off or out of coverage can be diverted to an answering service which can be personalised by the user WAP Wireless Application Protocol; a standard whereby mobile phones can gain access to specially tailored Internet websites WML Wireless Markup Language; a specially designed markup language used for tailoring WAP content. WML enables optimum usage of the limited display capabilities of the mobile phone Back to top


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Checked in and found make up on a pillow case and hair both on the pillows and in the bed. The bed had obviously been made without changing the linen. Then a housekeeper was sent up that spoke little to no English, so it was a struggle to communicate with her. I expected more from a Marriott hotel.
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
NEW | Filigree Ball Garland
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This string of miniature lanterns lends a welcoming glow to holiday decor. Perfect for dressing up your holiday tree, garland, or wreath, or use them to light up a centerpiece or mantel arrangement. Each 1" stamped steel lantern contains a warm-white LED. Battery-powered, so you can use them anywhere — no outlet needed. 20 lanterns; light string is 80" long overall. Uses 3 AA batteries, not included.
- Stamped steel "lanterns" with silver finish, warm white LEDs, wiring and battery case
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Turnaround of the USA
Campaign to Renew America
By Guest Column Judy Taylor (Bio and Archives) Saturday, August 11, 2012 Comments at bottom of page | Print friendly | Subscribe | Email Us |
Last week, I was ruminating on the fact that the Romney campaign isn't saying the things "We the People…" need to hear from the GOP. Out of my ruminations came this: Our goal this campaign isn't about electing Romney (although we must); it's about a turnaround of the USA.
The USA is, frankly, struggling. Our economy is in a four-year funk and our citizens have lost their mojo. We need a turnaround.
Enter Mitt Romney, a turnaround expert with a sterling reputation. What he needs to do, and the GOP Convention presents the first best opportunity, is reassure the folks that he and WE have what's needed to turn things around. We have our Constitution, a masterwork in responsible governing. We have the American people who, descended from waves of immigrants who risked all to come here, have created a strong and diverse nation that is, indeed, exceptional.
We also have the Tea Party patriots, who will hold our feet to the fire if we don't deliver on our promises.
Our platform is so simple it doesn't get boring: Fiscal Responsibility (job of our leadership) and Personal Responsibility (job of our citizens; government gets out of the way.) Our citizens don't need the boot of government on their necks. Most of us are responsible and everyone has a shot at being exceptional if we are freed up to do it. We don't need a civilian army to get things done; we HAVE an army of citizens who WILL get things done. Note that our platform doesn't address social issues. They aren't high on anyone's list right now and they come under personal responsibility. We can be in favor of civil unions and leave marriage, a sacrament, up to the churches but not right now.
Given this background, here's how the GOP Convention could become more citizen-friendly. First day of the convention, introduce Romney as our Turnaround candidate. Mitt Romney is a low-key confident guy; he doesn't need four days of adulation and Greek columns; he needs to get to work. SO, on subsequent days, we showcase the Romney Team: People who will tackle specific challenges: Energy, EPA, Regulation, Education, Treasury/the Fed, foreign relations, etc. Speakers (or panels) will show why the Romney Team will do better than the current occupants and ask for the job. If we have nominees in mind for key posts, let them invite people currently in those posts to debate. (They won't agree but imagine if someone were to ask Hillary how the heck "she" lost the Middle East to the Muslim Brotherhood" and can you see John Bolton debating Susan Rice?) So now we have a Romney Team and, since Romney needs the House and Senate, GOP Congressional candidates will run as part of Romney's Turnaround Team. The grassroots appeal is that it will be more motivating to call and canvass as part of a Turnaround Team than as a Republican. It's energetic and not your same-old-same-old Convention drivel.
As for the Tea Party Patriots, it's time for détente. Make sure you include speakers from this new wing or there won't be a new wing and the GOP will become a withering husk. The structure and money of the old GOP and the energy and passion of the Tea Party types would make a strong party and, right now, the power is up for grabs. So let's underscore a new covenant with the people by rebranding the GOP as the "New" Republican Party (a carat can do the job) for the convention.
You know this is better than what you have planned. So do it.
If you need me, call. I have more ideas and I don't need money or credit. I just think we have the chance of a century to turn the nation around and the alternative is unthinkable.
Thanks for your consideration.
Judy Taylor is a marketing specialist
Items of notes and interest from the web. |
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Police looking for man who robbed Irondequoit bank
Posted at: 01/29/2013 2:54 PM
Police in Irondequoit are looking for the man they say robbed the Key Bank on East Ridge Road Tuesday morning.
Investigators say the suspect passed a note to the teller, demanding money. He was given an undisclosed amount of cash and left the bank.
The suspect is described as 5'9" tall, medium build, wearing a black coat, black pants and a black baseball hate with white lettering "SOX" on the front.
Anyone with information is asked to call 911.
Have a story you want our news team to investigate? Call us at 585-232-1010, click here to send us an e-mail or leave us a Facebook post or tweet.
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Amazon unveils overdue Kindle Library Lending
Amazon's Kindle will finally support library lending, the company announced today.
Later this year, Kindle owners and those who run Amazon's Kindle apps will be able to borrow books from over 11,000 local libraries. In addition, Amazon says, users will be able to make annotations and highlight text. All of that content is saved and will be included in the e-book if the user opts to check it out again.
"We're doing a little something extra here," Jay Marine, Amazon's Kindle director said in a statement. "Normally, making margin notes in library … Read more


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CBS 60 Minutes piece on big game hunting
This is a discussion on CBS 60 Minutes piece on big game hunting within the Latest Hunting News forums, part of the Hunting Forums - Main category; CBS 60 Minutes did a great piece on wildlife and the continued existence of species that are having problems in ...
CBS 60 Minutes piece on big game hunting
CBS 60 Minutes did a great piece on wildlife and the continued existence of species that are having problems in their native habitat. I have posted a link to the show. Enjoy! Hunting in Texas - Can hunting endangered animals save the species?
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- Hunted Namibia, South Africa, Zimbabwe, France, Spain, USA
Thanks for sharing!
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Click HERE to Support AH & Go GOLD, SILVER or BRONZE
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Jewelry & Watches - Gifts for the Intellectual - $50 to $100
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Let's face it flowers are nice, but they die in a few days. Candy is delicious, but it gets gobbled up in minutes and all that follows is regret. But, jewelry lasts for years years, just like his love!So, if you are trying to give him a subtle... Read More »
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Gift ideas in the jewelry & watches category are hand-picked based on their popularity, uniqueness, high quality and more. Find great jewelry & watches ideas from the top online gift stores right here on Gifts.com.
The holiday season is here and we've got great Christmas gifts to help you get a head start on your shopping. Find gift ideas for everyone on your list including great stocking stuffers, holiday gift baskets, gourmet foods and more. |


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Capel Cypress Loop Barley Rug
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text: Barely taking time to celebrate their latest national championship, Nick Saban and the Alabama Crimson Tide are ready to get back to work.That's how they make it look so easy.In what must be an increasingly frustrating scene for the rest of college football, another season ended with Saban and his players frolicking in the middle of a confetti-strewn field. Eddie Lacy ran all over Notre Dame, AJ McCarron turned in another dazzling performance through the air, and the Tide defense shut down the Fighting Irish until it was no longer in doubt.The result was a 42-14 blowout in the BCS title game Monday night, not only making Alabama a back-to-back champion, but a full-fledged dynasty with three crowns in four years.This one was especially satisfying to Saban."People talk about how the most difficult thing is to win your first championship," he said. "Really, the most difficult one to win is the next one, because there's always a feeling of entitlement."Rest assured, that feeling won't last long in Tuscaloosa.While Saban insisted he was "happy as hell" and "has never been prouder of a group of young men," it was hard to tell. He was already talking about reporting to the office Wednesday morning and getting started on next season."One of these days, when I'm sitting on the side of the hill watching the stream go by, I'll probably figure it out even more," Saban said. "But what about next year's team? You've got to think about that, too."So, in short order, he'll be talking with underclassmen about entering the NFL draft, making sure everyone goes back to class on schedule, and getting started on that next depth chart."The Process," as he calls it, never stops."We're going to enjoy it for 24 hours or so," Saban said.No. 2 Alabama quieted the top-ranked Irish on the very first drive - so much for waking up the echoes - and could've started the celebration at halftime, heading to the locker room with a commanding 28-0 lead.The Tide (13-1) pushed it out to 35-0 midway through the third quarter on the third of McCarron's four touchdown passes, a 34-yarder to Amari Cooper with a defender nowhere in sight.At that point, Alabama was on a 69-0 blitz in national title games, having scored the last 13 points in its 2010 triumph over Texas and blanked LSU 21-0 for last year's BCS crown.When Everett Golson finally scored for Notre Dame (12-1) with about 4 minutes remaining in the third, it snapped a scoreless stretch of nearly two full games - 108 minutes and 7 seconds - by the Tide."It was just a complete game by the offense, defense and special teams," said Alabama linebacker C.J. Mosley, the defensive MVP with eight tackles, one of them behind the line.Despite the dazzling numbers by McCarron - 20 of 28 for 264 yards - he was denied a second straight offensive MVP award in the title game. That went to Lacy, who finished with 140 yards rushing on 20 carries and scored two TDs. Not a bad finish for the junior, who surely helped his status in the NFL draft should he decide to turn pro.Lacy also was MVP of the Southeastern Conference championship game, rushing for a career-best 181 yards in the thrilling victory over Georgia that gave Alabama a chance to repeat as champion.The Tide will have some big holes to fill, no matter who decides to leave school early, with offensive tackle D.J. Fluker and cornerback Dee Milliner also pondering their draft prospects. There's not a lot of seniors on the roster, but All-America linemen Barrett Jones and Chance Warmack and safety Robert Lester are among those who definitely won't be back.But Alabama had some huge holes to fill a year ago, too, with five players drafted in the first 35 picks.That worked out just fine.The Crimson Tide wrapped up its ninth Associated Press national title, breaking a tie with Notre Dame for the most by any school and gaining a measure of redemption for a bitter loss to the Irish almost four decades ago: the epic 1973 Sugar Bowl in which Ara Parseghian's team edged Bear Bryant's powerhouse 24-23."The process is ongoing," said Saban, tightlipped as ever and showing little emotion after the fourth BCS national title of his coaching career. "We have a 24-hour rule around here. We enjoy everything for 24 hours."Notre Dame went from unranked in the preseason to the top spot in the rankings by the end of the regular season, winning two games in overtime and three other times by seven points or less.But the long wait for a championship - the Irish haven't finished No. 1 since 1988 - will have to wait at least one more year."They just did what Alabama does," moaned Manti Te'o, Notre Dame's star linebacker and Heisman Trophy finalist, trying to digest an embarrassing loss in his final college game.Golson will be back.He completed his first season as the starter by going 21 of 36 for 270 yards, with a touchdown and an interception. But the young quarterback got no help from the running game, which was held to 32 yards - 170 below its season average."We've got to get physically stronger, continue close the gap there," said Brian Kelly, the Irish's third-year coach. "Just overall, we need to see what it looks like. Our guys clearly know what it looks like now - a championship football team. That's back-to-back national champions. That's what it looks like. That's what you measure yourself against there. It's pretty clear across the board what we have to do."Kelly vowed this was only beginning, insisting the bar has been raised in South Bend no matter what the outcome."We made incredible strides to get to this point," he said. "Now it's pretty clear what we've got to do to get over the top."Alabama is already there but still longing for more, not content even after the second-biggest rout of the BCS era that began in 1999. The only title game that was more of a blowout was USC's 55-19 victory over Oklahoma in the 2005 Orange Bowl, a title that was later vacated because of NCAA violations.You could almost hear television sets around the country flipping to other channels as Alabama poured it on, a hugely anticipated matchup between two of the nation's most storied programs reduced to a laugher when the Tide scored on its first three possessions."We're going for it next year again," said offensive tackle Cyrus Kouandijo, only a sophomore and already the owner of two rings. "And again. And again. And again. I love to win. That's why I came here."


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text:
August 19, 2012
WarhawkReport Staff WarhawkReport.com
With the first scrimmage complete, come inside for a look at what we learned from the Warhawk offense. ...More... To continue reading this article you must be a member. Sign Up Now for a FREE Trial
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Indianapolis Vacations
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Historic hotel located next to Union Station near downtown Indianapolis With a rich history and modern amenities, the Omni Severin Hotel remains a top choice for luxury accommodation in Indianapolis. The hotel -- then called the Grand Hotel of Indianapolis -- opened in... More
Canterbury Hotel - Indianapolis Downtown
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Book a stay in the heart of the Circle City Canterbury Hotel - Indianapolis Downtown is a historic boutique base in downtown Indianapolis. The hotel staff provides personalized service and facilities such as valet parking (fees apply), on-site and award-winning... More
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31 West Ohio Street Map
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Comfort and convenience in the heart of downtown IndianapolisClean, safe and walkable downtown Indianapolis features a variety of attractions within blocks of the Sheraton Indianapolis City Centre Hotel. The historic Soldiers and Sailors Monument on Monument Circle, the... More
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Full-service hotel provides high-class accommodations in downtown Indy The Westin Indianapolis hotel upholds the brand's reputation for style, comfort and quality. Located across the street from the Indiana State Government Center and Indiana Statehouse, the hotel... More
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Perfectly placed luxury Indianapolis hotel The Courtyard Indianapolis Downtown is a hotel that caters well to both business and leisure travelers. The hotel is part of the Marriott Place development of hotels, located next to the city's convention center. ... More
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Phoenix | Indianapolis | Sat, Jan 25 - Tue, Feb 4 | $256 |


text:
Skyfire Web Browser 4.0
Skyfire 4.0 is our 'Classic' version, with video transcoding support for users that have purchased that feature. This feature is no longer being made available for purchase.
For users who like our toolbar, we suggest you try out Skyfire 5.0!
Skyfire Web Browser 5.0 for Android will not support Flash video as we focus on newer operating systems and as more video publishers design their videos ...
Download this app if:
you want a faster web browser with great video playback.
App Rating
This Android app does not currently have any videos
We couldn't find videos for this Android app. Can you suggest one (it must be hosted on YouTube)?
Updated: February 28, 2013
Publisher: Skyfire
Version 4.1.1 [1.782579 MB]
Skyfire is a great alternative web browser, optimized for your Android tablet. This app is an excellent alternative for people who wish the standard Android browser or Opera Mini were more suited for a mobile device. All the standard features are here, such as bookmarks and separate tabs. The app works great on tablet devices, and Internet browsing has always just been better with the larger screens. Where the app re...
Read full review »-
Great Browser for Video by diablolita
This is the absolute best browser for watching Flash video hands down. I also enjoy the Facebook one touch integration and the ability to browser privately. The only thing I don't like is the tool bar which takes up too much space.


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Sheriff Lamb and Jack investigate the murder of the biggest contractor in Las Vegas. Pictured L to R: Dennis Quaid and Jason O'Mara


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3 hrs ago | MTV
'Catching Fire' And 'Frozen' Battle For Box-Office #1 This Weekend
Next weekend there'll be one ring to rule them all. But until "The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug" arrives, the box office will once again belong to " The Hunger Games: Catching Fire " and Disney's "Frozen," hot on the heels of a record-breaking Thanksgiving weekend.
Do you support affirmative action?
Would you support legalizing gay marriage in your state?
7 hrs ago | This is Dorset
Worth the seven-hour wait: Rachel gets a hug from Boyzone star Shane Lynch at Boscombe store
BOYZONE heart-throb Shane Lynch delighted fans at the Boscombe 's Sovereign Centre yesterday when he paid a visit ahead of the band's BIC performance.
11 hrs ago | New York Daily News
Here's a top 20 of folk music's finest hits
Presenting 20 of folk's best tunes, with Bob Dylan, Phil Ochs, Tom Rush, Tom Paxton, Joan Baez, Judy Collins and more Folk songs strum through the new Coen Brothers movie "Inside Llewyn Davis," but the film winds up missing its essential milieu.
This week's column concentrates on a few mostly independent releases before I start finalizing the upcoming dose of 2013 highlights.
Celebrities pay tribute to Nelson Mandela
This photo released by The Weinstein Company shows Idris Elba, left, as Nelson Mandela, and Riaad Moosa, as Ahmed Kathrada, in the film, "Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom."
Recount confirms Mazzeo's victory in District 2 Assembly race
Nearly a month after most voters cast their ballots in the Nov. 5 general election, it appears that the State Assembly race in District 2 is complete, with Northfield Mayor Vince Mazzeo winning by the slightest of margins - only 39 votes - over incumbent John Amodeo of Margate - 25,127 to 25,166.
Dubb Nubb Displays Growth and Delicate Charm on Wild Dreamin'
When local audiences first heard of Dubb Nubb, twin sisters Delia and Hannah Rainey were just wrapping up high school and charming stages with their sweetly sung but rough-hewn folk songs.
Jackie Kennedy's NY birth records going to Boston
A hospital on Long Island, N.Y., says it's donating Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis' birth records to the Kennedy library in Boston.
Opinion: Why do French think Bob Dylan's racist?
Bob Dylan smokes a cigarette circa 1966. Dylan's music spoke to a generation of people during the 1960s, a tumultuous decade that forever changed America.
A new musical platform for the independent scene
BEIRUT: Lebanon is replete with international music events, many of them suffering from the simmering security crisis in the country and the region.
Steve Smith: Unreleased Freddie Mercury music found including duets...
Queen guitarist Brian May says that more unreleased music from the band's late frontman Freddie Mercury has been found, perhaps enough for an album, although he says he's nervous about claiming a full CD's worth of songs.
Carefree Kiwanis Benefit Concert with The New Christy Minstrels
With their engaging original songs and high energy, The New Christy Minstrels - founded by Randy Sparks who heads up the group today - burst onto the American folk music scene in 1962.
Young, Plant and friends pay tribute to "Jimi Hend...
A host of musicians headed by Led Zeppelin frontman Robert Plant on Tuesday night celebrated the life and work of Bert Jansch, the late Scottish guitarist who influenced generations of players from Neil Young to Johnny Marr with his stew of blues, folk and jazz.
In the Footsteps of Seeger and Guthrie, Vermont Folk Singer Rik Palieri Travels the Almanac Trail
Just when I thought All was lost, you changed my mind. You gave me hope And showed me that we could learn to share in time.
Wisconsin Assembly to vote on Medicaid delay
The Wisconsin state Assembly plans to vote on delays affecting health insurance coverage of more than 150,000 Medicaid recipients.
Big City Folk: Inside Llewyn Davis
What's wrong with Llewyn Davis? He's got the goods, as his soulful rendering of "Hang Me, Oh Hang Me" makes plain early in the Coen Brothers' 1960s folk-era film, which believes in its main character most whenever he's singing .
The Faces Inducted into the Ultimate Classic Rock Hall of Fame
We're as shocked as you are given the competition but, for the second consecutive month, Rod Stewart has knocked off Led Zeppelin in the finals of the Ultimate Classic Rock Hall of Fame , as the Faces took with 57 percent of the vote.
Devendra Banhart's New Video Stars Wigged Out Animated Ducks
Devendra Banhart just released a bizarrely awesome animated video for his new single "Taurobolium," off his latest album, Mala .
'We dive through shoals of quarks': Manil Suri's City of Devi wins Bad Sex in Fiction prize
An out-of-this-world sex scene invoking stars, supernovas and statisticians has won U.S.-based writer Manil Suri the un-coveted Bad Sex in Fiction Award.
Special election held for SoCal Assembly seat
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We had lunch here while staying in St Mawes! it is a lovely pub and we enjoyed the Cornish lager, Korev and had fish and chips for lunch. We'll we have dined around the country in some of the best places, but this was undoubtedly one of the best fish and chips we have ever had - not to be... More
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Listed below are the best deals for this week at Kroger! There are tons of great deals this week! Be sure and check them all out. Use the printable list feature to create your shopping list, gather your coupons, and score tons at Kroger!!
Ads may vary by location, so keep this in mind when searching through your sales ad! The sales ad that I use covers the Mid-South region…Southern Indiana, Illinois, the Louisville Ky. area, and Nashville Tn. Also, my store doubles coupons up to $0.50. If you don't have a sales ad, you can view one at Kroger.com. Just enter your zipcode. I suggest scanning your ad for other items in case you have different types of coupon than I have listed below. You might find some Super SMART deals!
**Also, month-day coupon inserts refers to Sunday paper coupons. SS (Smart Source), RP (Red Plum), and PG (Proctor & Gamble). Coupons are regional, so if you can't locate a coupon I've listed then it may not be included in your inserts.
**For more savings, load coupons onto your Kroger card by visiting Kroger.com, Shortcuts.com, and Cellfire.com.


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with Liping Julia Zhu L.Ac. and Constance Cummings
May 1-8 (Thursday-Thursday) No previous experience necessary. Harmonize, balance, improve health and cultivate a sense of well being through Taichi, Qigong, and Zen. In this retreat we will study one form of the Taiyi Swimming Dragon Quan, a rare Taichi style that was kept as a family secret until the 1980s. The beautiful and gentle Swimming Dragon Quan combines Taichi, Qigong, and yogic stretching. It is a form for circulating and cultivating Qi and for enhancing balance, flexibility, and coordination. The combination of Taichi, Qigong, and Zen study makes this retreat fun, enjoyable and suitable for people of all ages. Retreat fee: $490 ($416/Member) |


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Doctor Who Season 6 Minifigs
Posted 12 May 2011 - 04:11 AM
Doctor Who: Series 6 by Triborough, on Flickr
Posted 12 May 2011 - 04:25 AM
NEW! Legends of Chima Review: 70008 - Gorzan's Gorilla Striker
Currently playing as the Sheriff Kenneth Emanuel in Tamamono's Silver City Mafia
Posted 12 May 2011 - 11:36 PM
essex lexus Dealers
Posted 13 May 2011 - 12:54 PM
Are you doing a silent?
| 7674 V19 Torrent Starfighter Review |
[*] Dr. Ben Elegnem, head of medical staff in INFECTED (Killed Night 2) (Not Infected)
[*]Jimmy Palmer (Gas Station Attendant) in Prohibition Mafia (Scum)
Posted 14 May 2011 - 12:40 PM
I think out of these, Canton looks most true to the source. Rory is otherwise good, but he needs to have a face with more personality in it (something a bit goofier, perhaps?).
For the females, I think Ginny Weasley's new hair is the perfect and thus only choice for Amy, so you should've gone with that instead. Your River's face is a great choice, but again, the hairpiece is not really suitable for her.
As for The Doctor, the clothes you've put on him look the part, but the face is all wrong. He's not grumpy or angry like that at all. I'm digging the sonic screwdriver, though.
So please, do work on these some more, and you'll really hit the mark.
~Now playing as Ellaria Arbour the Druid in Heroica RPG!~
Posted 18 May 2011 - 04:14 PM
simonjedi, on 13 May 2011 - 12:54 PM, said:
I think the Doc looks a bit serious though.
Posted 10 June 2011 - 07:01 PM
Doctor Who: Series 6 by Triborough, on Flickr
The Doctor, Amy Pond, Rory Williams, River Song, Canton Everett Delaware III, and Richard Nixon.
And from the last series, Rory the Roman and Amy in her police outfit.
The Ponds by Triborough, on Flickr
Posted 10 June 2011 - 11:44 PM
Edited by Puck, 10 June 2011 - 11:47 PM.
Posted 11 June 2011 - 05:37 AM
How about Elsa Schneider's hair piece for River Song?
Maybe too blonde but...
Posted 30 March 2012 - 08:27 PM
simonjedi, on 13 May 2011 - 12:54 PM, said:
Are you doing a silent?
I think the Silence would be hard to do considering their head shapes.
And in the March/April 2012 issue of LEGO Club, I saw a perfect Rose Tyler minifig.
Any news on the new companion?
Posted 03 April 2012 - 08:53 PM
BlueBard, on 02 April 2012 - 11:42 AM, said:
Posted 05 April 2012 - 10:32 PM
FurnoGuy, on 03 April 2012 - 08:53 PM, said:
Alisha Mortek, 22 yr old female Human, Level 4 Barbarian
Equipped Items - Bone Axe (Greataxe) WP: 11
Inventory - 3 Potions, 4 Meads
Gold - 0
Health - 11/11.
Power - 14
An EXO-FORCE lover and proud of it.
Posted 11 April 2012 - 11:43 AM
Ginny's hair totally makes that Amy Pond work. Great choice! I really like your Nixon too--I wasn't sure how you'd make him work, but that's a simple, but really good proto-nasty Nixon.
I love the clothing you've chosen for River's torso--what about either Han Solo legs or a cowboy/western legs for her? That would give her the leg holster that I seem to remember her wearing. Or, I could be totally wrong. Ha! And keep trying to find a better hairpiece--that pop star seems closer...still the dirty blonde color, but with more volume.
In any case--great job. I love what you're doing.
Posted 20 April 2012 - 08:52 PM
Oh, and here's a Batman decal.
And I agree with jedikermit. Han Solo's legs would be better.
Posted 25 April 2012 - 07:55 PM
Izzy, on 06 April 2012 - 12:19 AM, said:
~Insectoid Aristocrat
Edited by Dannylonglegs, 25 April 2012 - 07:56 PM.
Eric Escalus, Handsome Punk, in Trumpet's CMF Mafia!
Sylph Solanum: Level 222/3 Druid
Here's my Flickr account.
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Scan to learn more or www.birdparadise.mobi Scan for text or textTXTRS BIRD to 368638
Three "garlic cloves" are stacked together with bright beads and wood shapes, held with knotted natural fiber. The "cloves", made of palm leaves, are stuffed with shreddable material. The end of the toy has a playful bell.Approx. 9" long x 3" wide


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Located on the Arizona shores of the Colorado River, Bullhead City is a charming alternative to the entertainment hub of Laughlin, Nev., right across the river. It maintains its small-town vibe despite its population of 30,000 increasing by thousands of visitors during the height of summer tourism. Bullhead City has grown to become the economic hub for western Mohave County and provides easy access to the major metropolitan areas of Lake Havasu City and Las Vegas. Residents in Bullhead City apartments for rent enjoy a high quality of living, and the city is also an increasingly popular location for retirement communities thanks to its temperate climate and affordable housing.
Because Bullhead City is located close to Lake Mohave and the Colorado River, water sports are a popular recreational activity among residents and tourists alike. Lake Mohave is the gateway to the Lake Mead recreation area, where residents in Bullhead City apartments can camp, fish, water ski and sail. Just east of Bullhead City, the Black Mountain Range is an ideal location for hiking and off-road vehicle use, and hunters visit the mountains in search of sheep, mule deer, quail and dove.
Special events strengthen the Bullhead City community, such as the annual River Run Motorcycle Rally and Bluegrass Festival. By taking a short drive to Laughlin, it's easy for Bullhead City residents to enjoy shopping, dining or casino gaming.
Bullhead City boasts a strong local economy heavily influenced by the area's booming tourism industry. The top employers in the Bullhead City area include the city of Bullhead City, Pioneer Hotel and Gambling Hall, Avi Hotel and Casino, Tropicana Express Hotel and Casino, and the Colorado Belle Hotel and Casino.
The Bullhead City Elementary School District serves students in kindergarten through junior high and includes four elementary and two junior high schools. High school students are served by Mohave High School, which is operated by the Colorado River Union High School District. Northern Arizona University operates an extension campus in Bullhead City, and the university offers more than 70 degree, certificate and endorsement programs. Mohave Community College also offers a campus in Bullhead City.
Rentals in Bullhead City, NV, and Cost of Living
Bullhead City offers a diverse mix of housing options, from million-dollar homes overlooking the Colorado River to affordable housing downtown. Affordable apartment complexes are located throughout the community, along with hotels and short-term units to accommodate the influx of tourists. According to city-data.com, the median gross rent for Bullhead City apartments in 2009 was $793.
Visitors can immerse themselves in the rich history of the Bullhead City area by taking a walk through the Colorado River Museum. The museum includes Native American artifacts and replicas of southwestern landmarks, along with historical items from the first settlers. History buffs can also visit the town of Oatman, nestled in the Black Mountains southeast of Bullhead City. The main street in town is one of the last remnants of historic Route 66, and numerous vintage buildings reflect the area's significance during the Gold Rush. The Arizona Veterans Memorial is located on a Colorado riverfront park, and features a curving wall that displays bronze plaques engraved with the names of service members from Arizona who were killed in armed conflicts during the last 100 years.
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Shop online for Vanishing Austin prints, from my on-going photography series that captures Austin icons ahead of the wrecking ball.
Visit Mission Mexico online to see my paintings and prints available for purchase, from my series that honors the mission churches of Mexico and New Mexico.
View my Lightscapes series to shop online for prints where light defines pattern, form and shape in colorful yet abstract ways.


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Free Publications on Bees and Beekeeping
New York Bee Wellness Workshop Info
NY Bee Wellness Workshops
The Empire State Honey Producers Association (ESHPA.org) will be offering intensive 2 day, skills oriented, hands on workshops in 2012. These are part of a 3 year Train the Trainer program to teach beekeepers techniques in diagnosing, treating, and preventing honey bee diseases. Primarily targeting New York beekeepers with less than 10 years experience and women beekeepers, participants from other states are welcome as space permits.
The workshops will be held at 3 different locations in New York:
May 19/20, Saturday/Sunday in Canandaigua (Western NY),
July 14/15, Saturday/Sunday, Pocantico Hills (north of NYC)
August 10/11, Friday/Saturday, Ballston Spa (Albany area)
We are asking beekeeping clubs or other groups to sponsor a team to attend the workshop, as an investment to the beekeepers in their community. The workshops are also a way to prepare for the EAS Master Beekeepers, and as a way to update skills for current Master Beekeepers. The intent is to guide beekeepers in how to check their hives like a bee inspector, or as close as possible, using a low student/teacher ratio.
The workshop is divided into 2 levels:
*Tier I (the Trainers), will attend the intensive workshop, should have at least 2 years of beekeeping experience (including Winter), some teaching experience whether it be as a primary instructor or as an assistant, recommendation from a beekeepers group or a CSA or other agriculture group that you intend to teach, describe why you wish to join the program,and complete online reading assignments in preparation for the workshop.
*Tier II are the beekeepers that will be taught by the Tier I trainers at their local club or organization as a group. ESHPA members will also provide mentorship and teaching tools at the this level.
PLEASE NOTE: The workshop will be considered completed only after the participant(s) has taught their group.
Content from The Beekeepers Handbook 4th Edition (Sammataro & Avitabile) will be used as required reading.
Diseases covered will be American & European Foulbrood, Nosema, Mites, Chalk Brood, Viruses, CCD, and other bee maladies.
Topics include:
• record keeping & use of surveys
• Specimen collection for in field testing
• How to prepare specimens for lab diagnosis
• Microscope use
• accessing resources online
• preparing an outline for teaching a group
• mentoring
The BeeInformed.org Winter Loss and Beekeeper Management surveys will be presented in the workshop and all participants in the workshop are strongly encouraged to complete the surveys as a means to establish
the efficacy of the workshop. The Empire State Honey Producers (ESHPA) will provide teaching tools and follow up mentorship.
Instructors will be experts in the field of apiculture such as Dr. Larry Connor, Peter Borst, Diana Sammataro & Al Avitable.
Cost: 150.00 for the initial student from a group, 50.00 for each additional student from the same group
Note: Number of students from each group may be limited as space permits
Contact: Please contact Pat Bono with any questions about the workshops, firstname.lastname@example.com , 585-820-6619
ESHPA is committed to supporting a new generation of beekeepers in New York State that reflects the diversity in our communities.
These workshops are made possible through funding from the USDA NIFA Beginning Farmers and Ranchers Development Program, Grant # 2011-494400-30631, and with matching funds from the Empire State Honey Producers Association.
The Empire State Honey Producers Association is the state organization for beekeepers in New York; it is a not-for-profit group, and welcomes new members. The group has been promoting the interests of New York beekeepers since 1868. ESHPA.org


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Park Sessions 2013 Mammoth preview
Mammoth was real good to us. Harrison Gordon, Alex Sherman, Alex Rodway, Jaeger Bailey, Cody Rosenthal, Scott Blum, Tyler Flanagan, Jared Dawoud, Alex Lopez, Lonnie Kauk and a bunch of other Mammoth locals boarded the BMX track and rode the halfpipe, South and Main Park for the week and had a good time doing it. We filmed, shot some photos, and got weird in the village. The jumps are dialed in, you'll surprise yourself with how comfortable you feel on those big tables, everything is perfect. Plus the Volcom Brothers skatepark is all dry except for the deep ends of the big bowl so you can cap off a day at the mountain with some skating. Springtime in Mammoth is hard to beat, and they're staying open into May with Grenade Games 9 coming up April 27-28. Plenty of time to get there and do it yourself.
For more Park Sessions, click twsnow.com/parksessions
TAGS: Alex Lopez, Alex Rodway, Alex Sherman, Cody Rosenthal, Harrison Gordon, Jared Dawoud, Lonnie Kauk, Mammoth, Park Sessions, Photo Galleries, Scott Blum, tyler flanagan


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Find out how to contact Elijah
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It was a midtier corporate firm -- not one of Australia's two big plaintiffs firms -- that won a recent $200 million decision in a class action against Lehman Bros.' local subsidiary at the country's Federal Court. The case signals a shift in the legal landscape, given that corporate firms typically stay away from class actions, for fear of alienating corporate clients.
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Australia's Not-So-Usual Class Action Suspects
The Asian Lawyer
October 29, 2012


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20 Percent Plus Mountainsmith 20 Percent Plus Trekking and Ski Poles 20 Percent Plus Trekking and Ski Poles Mountainsmith Trekking and Ski Poles
(based on 5 reviews)
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Good deal on sturdy poles.
By seth
from Indiana
About Me Avid Adventurer
See all my reviews
Comments about Mountainsmith Rhyolite 6061 Trekking Poles (pair):
The only thing better would be carbon fiber or titanium. BUT, these are a bargain in this price rangea and compete with some poles selling for $70-80.The baskets help when flat walking on sandy trails also (Utah, etc.) I try not leave an impact behind, so the I use rubber tips rather than carbide on red rock/slick rock. Shorten one up as a stability aid when moving out of a canyon. The carbide is used in streams in state parks, etc.I am retired military, so NOT REALLY "minimalist driven" as above. ANY trail where I could be trapped by weather I have a pack stove and water purifier, along with rope, etc. in my pack. Using the poles keeps me an ideal arm/soulder position on slopes.They are light enough they don't create any weight burden. CON: If it's hot, you may sweat from the grips. Lightweight mesh gloves will solve that in desert areas.
Comment on this review
These poles do the job
By petey
from colorado
About Me Casual/ Recreational
I don't use poles on all hikes but they have worked well, especially when I am on steeper terrain
gave as a gift
By OH-33
from OH
About Me Military/Law Enforcement
sent to family member in service in Afganistan
good product for the price
By hiker dude
Will use the poles for occasional hiking in steeper terrain
(2 of 2 customers found this review helpful)
better than what I've had in the past
By Rebasboots
from ledyard, ct
Used to hike Camels Back VT. VEry strong and I leaned on them alot
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Is harmonisation of European securities law a good idea? According to this original analysis, the answer is a qualified yes. If it can be done without undermining the various systems that now govern the custody and transfer of securities in national European jurisdictions, harmonisation will be well received. The author first shows that such an acceptable outcome is indeed possible, and then offers a detailed analysis of the form it might take. Along the way he compares the current infrastructure of securities law in three European countries (Belgium, France, and the Netherlands) with generally accepted standards of modern securities custody and transfer practice, as well as with the harmonisation inherent in the United States Universal Commercial Code.
Among the elements of securities law discussed in this comparative context are the following:
In approaching the actual form of a European securities instrument, the author considers important relevant initiatives taken by various groups, such as Unidroit, the Hague Convention on Private International Law, and some industry sectors. As an in-depth contribution to this important aspect of the ongoing debate about the harmonisation of European private law, and as an assessment of the possible impact of harmonisation measures by means of a coherence account, this book will be especially valuable to European policymakers and securities regulatory officials. It will also interest practitioners and academics in such diverse fields as commercial law, European law, insolvency law, contract law, and property law.
Preface. Abbreviations. Part I. Introductory Chapters. 1. Introduction. 2. System and Coherence. 3. Immobilisation, Dematerialisation and the Law. 4. Practice and Risks of the Post-Trade Process. Part II. Securities Laws of Selected Jurisdictions. 5. Belgium. 6. France. 7. The Netherlands. 8. The United States of America. Part III. Harmonisation of Securities Law. 9. Harmonisation Initiatives. 10. National Securities Laws Compared and Evaluated. 11. Harmonisation and Coherence of National Laws. 12. Towards the European Harmonisation of Securities Law. Summary and Recommendations. Summaries in Dutch and French. Bibliography. Table of Cases. Table of Legislation. Index.
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I agree with mll1206. I have know idea what Sharon Case is wearing, but she needs to at lease pull it down.....It looks like her whole butt is out....And my sentiments exactly.....Where is Mr. Muhney's wife? Sharon Case and Michael Muhney did look a little inappropriate.
He looks great!!! I'd like to see him on one of my favorite cable tv shows!!!
so love seeing drew at this party, i miss him as Micheal on GH and he deserved and shouldve won that Emmy....i hope him appearing at this party means that one of these shows will pick him up....LOVE DREW G.!
what the hell is she wearing and where is his wife at??? or has SC destroyed another marriage?