text:
Personality rights
This article needs additional citations for verification. (December 2010) |
The right of publicity, often called personality rights, is the right of an individual to control the commercial use of his or her name, image, likeness, or other unequivocal aspects of one's identity. It is generally considered a property right as opposed to a personal right, and as such, the validity of the Right of Publicity can survive the death of the individual (to varying degrees depending on the jurisdiction).
Personality rights are generally considered to consist of two types of rights: the right of publicity, or to keep one's image and likeness from being commercially exploited without permission or contractual compensation, which is similar to the use of a trademark; and the right to privacy, or the right to be left alone and not have one's personality represented publicly without permission. In common law jurisdictions, publicity rights fall into the realm of the tort of passing off. United States jurisprudence has substantially extended this right.
A commonly cited justification for this doctrine, from a policy standpoint, is the notion of natural rights and the idea that every individual should have a right to control how, if at all, his or her "persona" is commercialized by third parties. Usually, the motivation to engage in such commercialization is to help propel sales or visibility for a product or service, which usually amounts to some form of commercial speech (which in turn receives the lowest level of judicial scrutiny).
The world's only registrable personality and image rights legislation was enacted in the British Channel Island of Guernsey, on 3 December 2012 (see under Guernsey below for further details).
Civil law and common law jurisdictions[edit]
In contrast with common law jurisdictions, most civil law jurisdictions have specific civil code provisions that protect an individual's image, personal data and other generally private information. Exceptions have been carved out of these general, broad privacy rights when dealing with news and public figures. Thus, while it may violate an ordinary citizen's privacy to speak about their medical records, one is generally allowed to report on more intimate details in the lives of celebrities and politicians.
Unlike most common law jurisdictions the personality rights in civil law are generally inheritable, thus one can make a claim against someone who invades the privacy of a deceased relative if the memory of their character is besmirched by such publication.
Personality rights have developed out of common law concepts of property, trespass and intentional tort. Thus personality rights are, generally speaking, judge-made law, though there are jurisdictions where some aspects of personality rights are statutory. In some jurisdictions, publicity rights and privacy rights are not clearly distinguished, and the term publicity right is generally used. In a publicity rights case the issue to decide is whether a significant section of the public would be misled into believing (incorrectly) that a commercial arrangement had been concluded between a plaintiff and a defendant under which the plaintiff agreed to the advertising involving the image or reputation of a famous person. The actionable misrepresentation requires a suggestion that the plaintiff has endorsed or licensed the defendant's products, or somehow can exercise control over those products. This is done by way of the tort of passing off.
The meaning of the law is best illustrated by principal cases on the subject.
Country specific jurisdictions[edit]
The Henderson case[1] was a decision of the High Court of New South Wales (both the first instance and appellate jurisdiction). The plaintiffs were ballroom dancers and they sued the defendant in passing off alleging it wrongfully published their photograph on the cover of a gramophone record entitled "Strictly for Dancing: Vol. 1". An injunction was granted on the ground that the use suggested the plaintiffs recommended or approved of the defendant's goods, or had some connection with the goods.
The Koala Dundee case[2] was a decision of the Federal Court of Australia. The applicant was a script writer and actor whose fame came from the film "Crocodile Dundee". The respondents ran two small shops which sold clothing and other items of an Australian nature. The applicant sought an injunction to restrain the respondents from using the name "Dundee" in association with a composite image "the koala image". The applicant advanced a case in passing off alleging such use was calculated to induce the public to believe the goods sold were associated with the film or the character portrayed by the applicant in it. The court granted the relief holding that the inventor of a famous fictional character having certain visual or other traits may prevent other using his character to sell goods and may assign the rights to use that character. This "extended action of passing off" protects against the wrongful appropriation of a reputation, or wrongful association of goods with an image belonging to the applicant.
In the Pacific Dunlop case,[3] the Federal Court of Australia affirmed a decision which upheld an action in passing off. The plaintiff sued the defendants for a television advertisement which was easily recognisable as being a parody of a scene from the plaintiff's film "Crocodile Dundee". The Federal Court said the test was whether a significant section would be misled into believing that a commercial arrangement had been concluded between the defendants and the plaintiff under which the plaintiff agreed to the advertising.
Canadian common law recognizes a limited right to personality. It was first acknowledged in the 1971 Ontario decision of Krouse v. Chrysler Canada Ltd.. The Court held that where a person has marketable value in their likeness and it has been used in a manner that suggests an endorsement of a product then there is grounds for an action in appropriation of personality. This right was later expanded upon in Athans v. Canadian Adventure Camps (1977) where the Court held that the personality right included both image and name.
In 1998 in Gould Estate v. Stoddart Publishing, the Ontario Court of Appeal concluded that simply writing about somebody, even for the purpose of generating a profit, does not constitute appropriation of personality.
There are certain provisions on rights in the new Civil Code of Quebec that enshrine the right to privacy as an attribute of personality. This right is set forth Article 3.
- Every person is the holder of personality rights, such as the right to life, the right to the inviolability and integrity of his person, and the right to the respect of his name, reputation and privacy. These rights are inalienable.
The chapter in the new Code dealing with respect of reputation and privacy defines the invasion of privacy in article 36:
- The following acts, in particular, may be considered as invasions of the privacy of a person:
- (1) entering or taking anything in his dwelling;
- (2) intentionally intercepting or using his private communications;
- (3) appropriating or using his image or voice while he is in private premises;
- (4) keeping his private life under observation by any means;
- (5) using his name, image, likeness or voice for a purpose other than the legitimate information of the public;
- (6) using his correspondence, manuscripts or other personal documents.
In Cyprus, people depicted in photographs can oppose their use in advertisements and their publication in magazines, even if it was taken in a public place.[4]
In Denmark, the Danish Penal Code chapters 26 and 27, provides certain personality rights. The governmental Danish Data Protection Agency, has made a declaration regarding publication on the Internet of pictures taken of persons in a public area:[5]
- The predominant point of reference, is that any publication of a portrait photograph requires consent [of the person depicted]. The reasoning for this, is that such a publication might provide the depicted person with discomfort, possibly with other information such as name, of the publication for all with access to the internet, and the considerations of this discomfort is judged as more important than a possible interest in publication.
A portrait photograph is defined as a photograph, with the purpose of depicting one or more specific person(s). The personality rights however may be contracted for persons who are generally accepted as public persons.
England and Wales[edit]
England and Wales have followed the Australian development of the law. In the Mirage Studios case,[6] Browne-Wilkinson VC, after referring to the Australian cases of Children's Television Workshop v. Woolworths Limited[7] and Fido Dido Inc. v. Venture Stores (Retailers),[8] said the law as developed in Australia is sound. There is no reason why a remedy in passing off should not cover a case where the public is misled in a relevant way as to a feature or quality of the goods sold when an action is brought by the people with whom the public associate that feature or quality. An interim injunction was granted. The first plaintiff was the owner of the copyright in the drawings of fictitious humanoid characters known as "Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles" and part of their business was to license the reproduction of these characters on goods sold by others. The first defendant made drawings of humanoid turtles characters similar in appearance to the first plaintiff's, utilizing the concept of turtles rather than the actual drawings of Turtles.
In France personality rights are protected under article 9 of the French civil code. While publicly known facts and images of public figures are not generally protected, use of someone's image or personal history has been held actionable under French law. The most famous case in recent history is perhaps the publication of the book on François Mitterrand called Le Grand Secret in which Mitterrand's doctor published a book that not only revealed private facts about Mr. Mitterrand's life, but also revealed medical confidences protected by doctor–patient privilege.
In Germany personality rights are protected under the German civil code. The concepts of an "absolute person of contemporary history" which allow the depiction of individuals who are part history but still gives them some protection of their rights of privacy outside the public sphere.
A succinct statement of the German law can be found in the following judicial statement from the Marlene Dietrich case BGH 1 ZR 49/97 (1 December 1999), Translated by Raymond Youngs (Copyright: Professor Basil Markesinis, 'Always on the Same Path' and 'Essays on Foreign Law and Comparative Methodology', Hart Publishing 2001, reproduced here as fair use of a legal decision):[9]
- Sec. II; para. 1. The general right of personality has been recognised in the case law of the Bundesgerichtshof since 1954 as a basic right constitutionally guaranteed by Arts 1 and 2 of the Basic Law and at the same time as an "other right" protected in civil law under § 823 (1) of the BGB (constant case law since BGHZ 13, 334, 338 - readers' letters). It guarantees as against all the world the protection of human dignity and the right to free development of the personality. Special forms of manifestation of the general right of personality are the right to one's own picture (§§ 22 ff. of the KUG) and the right to one's name (§ 12 of the BGB). They guarantee protection of the personality for the sphere regulated by them (reference omitted).
The relevant Greek laws include 57 AK and 2472/1997. As regarding photography:
- Taking a picture of a person in a public space: Requires consent. Taking a photo or video of someone or drawing them in a painting constitutes an illegal act by itself according to Article 57 of the Greek Civil Code (57 ΑΚ, 57 Αστικός Κώδικας) even without any publication of the resulting photo, video or drawing. The law assumes that consent has been provided silently if the depicted person has been paid for the photography session. The law also provides some exceptions for persons of contemporary history.[10] Furthermore, the law 2472/1997 also applies in many circumstances, even in photographing political rallies in public places or in photographing the police; Greece also requires photographers to obtain a government permit before photographing people participating in political protests in public places.[11]
- Publishing pictures of a person in a public space: Requires consent.[10] The publication of photographs of identifiable police officers beating civilians in public places may be against the law 2472/1997 and as such these images should be turned to the authorities for review.[11]
- Commercial use of a published picture of a person in a public space: Requires consent.[10]
The relevant Guernsey law was enacted on 3 December 2012 under the name of Image Rights Bailiwick of Guernsey Ordinance 2012 and allows for the registration of a personality right, together with images associated with that personality. Images are widely defined and can be any number of personal attributes, such as likeness, mannerisms, gestures, voice, nickname etc.
Personalities able to register fall into 5 categories, namely sole, joint, group, legal and fictional character. In addition, humans can be registered up to 100 years after the date of death, making the law very favourable for estate managers and trustees.
Hong Kong[edit]
In Hong Kong, the main case on this point is the ongoing dispute between Cantopop singer/actor Andy Lau and Hang Seng Bank over the allegedly unauthorized use of Lau's image on credit cards.
Only in Jamaica in a 2002 case involving the estate of Bob Marley has it been found anywhere in a common law jurisprudence that a personality right may be transferred by disposition.
People's Republic of China[edit]
This section requires expansion. (May 2007) |
In the People's Republic of China, rights of personality are established by statute. According to article 99 and 100 of the General Principle of Civil Law of the People's Republic of China, the right of name and the right of image are protected. It is prohibited to use another's image for commercial use without that person's consent. In the new Tort Liabilities Law, the right of privacy is mentioned for the first time in the legislation.
According to the agency (Spanish) Data Protection for the collection and dissemination on Internet of images of a person without their consent may be a serious breach of the Data Protection Act which would be punishable by a minimum fine of 60,000 euros. According to El Mundo Data Protection Agency decided to investigate ex officio by the mere distribution of the image of a person on the Internet without their consent.[12]
United States[edit]
In the United States, the Right of Publicity is a state law-based right, as opposed to federal, and recognition of the right can vary from state to state.[13] The rationale underlying the right of publicity in the United States is rooted in both privacy and economic exploitation.[14] The rights are based in tort law, and the four causes of action are: 1) Intrusion upon physical solitude; 2) public disclosure of private facts; 3) depiction in a false light; and 4) appropriation of name and likeness. Typically, but by no means exclusively, the right of publicity is manifest in advertising or merchandise. The right of publicity is a state-based right, as opposed to federal. In most other jurisdictions without a specific right of publicity statute, the Right of Publicity may still be recognized via common law. The right of publicity has evolved rapidly, with a history of reported cases in the United States and worldwide.[15]
By the broadest definition, the right of publicity is the right of every individual to control any commercial use of his or her name, image, likeness, or some other identifying aspect of identity, limited (under U.S. law) by the First Amendment. The right of publicity can be referred to as publicity rights or even personality rights. The term "right of publicity" was coined by Judge Jerome Frank in the 1953 case Haelan Laboratories, Inc. v. Topps Chewing Gum, Inc., 202 F.2d 866 (2d Cir.).
The extent of recognition of this right in the U.S. is largely driven by statute or case law. Because the right of publicity is primarily governed by state (as opposed to federal) law, the degree of recognition of the Right of Publicity varies significantly from one state to the next. The Lanham Act governs federal protection of personality rights, and the doctrine has much in common with the laws defining federal protection of trademarks. 15 U.S.C. Sec. 1125. In fact, an individual's identity could be considered their personal "mark", the misappropriation of which is sufficient to constitute infringement. In addition, both trademark and publicity rights appear to be designed somewhat to combat infringement for the sake of consumers, granting a cause of action for false descriptions, false representations, and false endorsement claims. Just as there is a cause of action for implying a certain brand sponsors a product when it really does not, there is a cause an action if a celebrity's identity is used to imply endorsement for a product they are not, in actuality, affiliated with. Courts will typically consider eight factors when weighing a false endorsement claim, in order to determine the likelihood of consumer confusion. These eight factors have their origins in the case Polaroid Corp. v. Polarad Elects, but are similarly used by courts to analyze false endorsement claims by celebrities.[16]
Indiana is believed to have the most far-reaching right of publicity statutes in the world, providing recognition of the right for 100 years after death, and protecting not only the usual "name, image and likeness," but also signature, photograph, gestures, distinctive appearances, and mannerisms. There are other notable characteristics of the Indiana law, though most of the major movement in Right of Publicity emanates from New York and California, with a significant body of case law which suggest two potentially contradictory positions with respect to recognition of the right of publicity.
Some states recognize the right through statute and some others through common law. California has both statutory and common-law strains of authority protecting slightly different forms of the right. The right of publicity is a property right, rather than a tort, and so the right may be transferable to the person's heirs after their death. The Celebrities Rights Act was passed in California in 1985 and it extended the personality rights for a celebrity to 70 years after their death. Previously, the 1979 Lugosi v. Universal Pictures decision by the California Supreme Court held that Bela Lugosi's personality rights could not pass to his heirs.[17][18]
- In 1977, in the case of Zacchini v. Scripps-Howard Broadcasting Co., the U.S. Supreme Court held that the First Amendment did not immunize a television station from liability for broadcasting Hugo Zacchini's human cannonball act without his consent. This was the first, and so far the only, U.S. Supreme Court ruling on rights of publicity.[citation needed]
- In September 2002, Tom Cruise and Nicole Kidman sued luxury goods company Sephora for allegedly using a picture of them without permission in a brochure promoting perfumes.[19]
- A recent example is John Dillinger's rights of publicity, as seen in Ken Phillips, Mark Phillips and Dillinger's, Inc. v. Jeffrey G Scalf, a 2003 Indiana Court of Appeals case. The operators of Dillinger's restaurant are alleged to have violated the right of publicity of Jeffrey G. Scalf, the grandnephew of the 1930s gangster and bank robber John Dillinger, in using without authorization Dillinger's name, image, and likeness in connection with the restaurant.[citation needed]. In a later case, a U.S. district court ruled in 2011 that Indiana's publicity rights statute did not protect people who died before the law's enactment in 1994.[20]
- In March 2003, eight members of the cast of The Sopranos alleged that electronics retailer Best Buy used their images in newspaper ads without permission.[21]
- In the July 2003 case of ETW Corp. v. Jireh Publishing, however, a painting of the famous golfer Tiger Woods and others is protected by the US Constitution's First Amendment and treads neither on the golfer's trademarks nor publicity rights. Similarly in the July 2003 case of Johnny and Edgar Winter v. DC Comics, a depiction of blues music duo the Winter brothers in a comic book as worms called the Autumn Brothers obtained First Amendment protection from publicity rights suit. The 6 May 2005 Toney v. L'Oreal and Wella opinion clarified the distinction between the purview of copyright versus the nature of publicity rights.[citation needed]
- The 2006 New York County Supreme Court case Nussenzweig v. DiCorcia determined that personality rights do not trump legitimate First Amendment rights of artistic free expression.[22] In March 2007, the decision was upheld by the New York Supreme Court, Appellate Division, and in November 2007, the New York Court of Appeals upheld all previous decisions based, in part, on "artistic expression".[23]
- In 2008, a federal judge in California ruled that Marilyn Monroe's rights of publicity were not protectable in California. The court reasoned that since Monroe was domiciled in New York at the time of her death, and New York does not protect a celebrity's deceased rights of publicity, her rights of publicity ended upon her death.[24]
- In the 2009 case of James "Jim" Brown v. Electronic Arts, Inc., the District Court of the Central District of California dismissed athlete Jim Brown's theory of false endorsement under the Lanham Act and determined that the First Amendment protects the unauthorized use of a trademark in an artistic work when the mark has artistic relevance to the work and does not explicitly mislead as to the source or content of the work. Applying this test, the court found a lack of implied endorsement and held that the First Amendment protected Electronic Arts in its use of a virtual football player that resembled Mr. Brown.[25]
U.S. states that recognize rights of publicity[edit]
- Alabama (common law)[26]
- California (statute and common law)[26][27] (see Celebrities Rights Act)
- Connecticut (common law)[26]
- Florida (statute)[28]
- Georgia (common law)[26]
- Hawaii (statute)[26][29]
- Illinois (statute)[26][30]
- Indiana (statute)[26][31]
- Kentucky (statute and common law)[26]
- Massachusetts (statute)[26]
- Michigan (common law)[26]
- Minnesota (common law)[26]
- Missouri (common law)[26]
- Nebraska (statute)[26]
- Nevada (statute)[26]
- New Jersey (common law)[26]
- New York (statute)[26][32]
- Ohio (common law)[26]
- Oklahoma (statute)[26]
- Pennsylvania (common law)[26]
- Rhode Island (statute)[26]
- Tennessee (statute)[26]
- Texas (common law)[26]
- Utah (statute and common law)[26]
- Virginia (statute)[26]
- Virginia (statute)[26]
- Washington (statute)[33]
- Wisconsin (statute and common law)[26][34]
See also[edit]
- Celebrities Rights Act
- Defamation
- Moral rights
- Public records
- Commons: personality rights, nonbinding essay for Wikimedia on editing and reuse of content
Further reading[edit]
- G. Brüggemeier, A. Colombi Ciacchi & P. O'Callaghan, Personality Rights in European Tort Law (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010)
- ^ Henderson v Radio Corp Pty Ltd, (1960) 60 SR(NSW) 576, [1969] RPC 218
- ^ Re Paul Hogan and Rimfire Films Limited v Koala Dundee Pty Limited; Anthony Robert Reeves and Joseph Anthony John Piovesan [1988] FCA 333, 20 FCR 314; (1988) 83 ALR 187; 12 IPR 508 (23 September 1988)
- ^ Re Pacific Dunlop Limited v Paul Hogan; Rimfire Films Limited and Burns Philp Trustee Company Limited [1989] FCA 185, 23 FCR 553; (1989) 14 IPR 398 (25 May 1989)
- ^ http://www.dataprotection.gov.cy/dataprotection/dataprotection.nsf/All/819392DD9D123E4CC225750B00379242?OpenDocument
- ^ Datatilsynet: Billeder på internettet (in Danish)
- ^ Mirage Studios v Counter-Feat Clothing (Ninja Turtles),[1991] FSR 145
- ^ Children's Television Workshop and others v. Woolworths Limited and others, (1981) 1 NSWLR 273, [1981] RPC 187
- ^ Fido Dido v Venture Stores (Retailers) Proprietary Limited, 16 IPR 365
- ^ http://www.ucl.ac.uk/laws/global_law/cases/german/bundes/bundes_1dec1999.html
- ^ a b c http://greeklaws.com/pubs/uploads/2795.pdf
- ^ a b http://elawyer.blogspot.gr/2009/12/blog-post_8090.html
- ^ Article by Paloma Días Sotero, El Mundo, p. 33, February 5, 2009.
- ^ "Right of Publicity informational resource website".
- ^ Barton Beebe, Thomas Cotter, Mark Lemley, Peter Menell & Robert Merges, "Trademarks, Unfair Competition, and Business Torts" (Aspen Publishers, 2011)
- ^ "Right of publicity informational resource website".
- ^ As seen in cases such as Waits v. Frito-Law, Inc. 978 F.2d 1093 (9th Cir. 1992) or ETW Corp. v. Jireh Publishing, Inc., 332 F.3d 915 (6th Cir. 2003).
- ^ "Lugosi v. Universal Pictures, 603 P.2d 425 (Cal. 1979).". FindLaw. Retrieved 2007-02-14. "In this decision preceding (and precipitating) the Legislature's enactment of Section 990, the California Supreme Court held that rights of publicity were not descendible in California. Bela Lugosi's heirs, Hope Linninger Lugosi and Bela George Lugosi, sued to enjoin and recover profits from Universal Pictures for licensing Lugosi's name and image on merchandise reprising Lugosi's title role in the 1930 film, "Dracula." The California Supreme Court faced the question whether Bela Lugosi's film contracts with Universal included a grant of merchandising rights in his portrayal of Count Dracula, and the descendibility of any such rights. Adopting the opinion of Justice Roth for the Court of Appeal, Second Appellate District, the court held that the right to exploit one's name and likeness is personal to the artist and must be exercised, if at all, by him during his lifetime. Lugosi, 603 P.2d at 431."
- ^ "Who Can Inherit Fame?". Time (magazine). July 7, 1980. Retrieved 2007-07-21. "Ten years later, the son and the widow of Bela Lugosi, star of the Dracula films, tried to take this doctrine a step further. They argued that this right was essentially property and therefore should pass on to heirs. In a California suit, they asked the courts to stop Universal Pictures from merchandising 70 Dracula products, ranging from jigsaw puzzles to belt buckles, and sought compensation based on the profits. Citing the First Amendment, Universal replied that the design of merchandise is a form of free speech that should not be restrained by anyone's heirs. Besides, said Universal's lawyer, Robert Wilson, Lugosi "attained fame and fortune because the company made and distributed the movies he starred in." After eleven years of wrangling, a trial judge decided in favor of the Lugosis, giving them $70,000 and barring Universal from merchandising Lugosi's likeness. ... In December the California Supreme Court reversed the Lugosi decision."
- ^ "Cruise and Kidman sue over ad". BBC News. September 20, 2002. Retrieved June 19, 2012. "Cruise and Kidman claim the unauthorised use of their image for the advert had made them 'involuntary models without pay'. [...] They are seeking damages for violation of the Lanham Act, a US law designed to protect against trademark infringement and unfair competition such as false advertising."
- ^ S.D. Indiana (June 15, 2011). "Dillinger LLC v. Electronic Arts Inc., Document 222". Retrieved June 19, 2012. "... the Court finds that the Indiana Supreme Court would agree with Shaw: Indiana's right-of-publicity statute doesn't apply to personalities who died before its enactment."
- ^ Bates, James (February 4, 2003). "'Sopranos' Take Shot at Ad in Court". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved June 19, 2012.
- ^ In New York, the "Supreme Court" is a trial-level court, equivalent to what is called "Superior Court" in other states. The court equivalent to what most states call a "Supreme Court" is the New York Court of Appeals.
- ^ "Nussenzweig v DiCorcia". 8 February 2006. Retrieved 26 December 2012.
- ^ "The New Grave Robbers". New York Times. March 27, 2011. Retrieved 2011-03-28. "In a case involving Marilyn Monroe, the California Legislature even created a retroactive right of publicity, establishing new private property interests in the identities of the long dead. (It didn't work, because a court later found that Monroe was a resident of New York when she died. Her identity remains in the public domain.)"
- ^ "James "Jim" Brown v. Electronic Arts, Inc. Court decision".
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z Carpenter, Jennifer L. (2001). "Internet Publication: The Case for an Expanded Right of Publicity for Non-Celebrities". Virginia Journal of Law and Technology 6 (1): 1522–1687.
- ^ "Friedemann O'Brien Goldberg & Zarian Names Bela G. Lugosi Of Counsel". Metropolitan News-Enterprise. Retrieved 2008-04-20. "[T]he California Assembly passed a "Celebrities Rights Act" in 1985 which said that rights of publicity survive the celebrity's death and descend to heirs by wills, among other means."
- ^ Florida Laws: FL Statutes - Title XXXIII Regulation of Trade, Commerce, Investments, and Solicitations Section 540.08 Unauthorized publication of name or likeness.
- ^ Hawaii Revised Statute § 482P
- ^ See 765 ILCS 1075, the Illinois Right of Publicity Act, eff. 1-1-1999. 765 ILCS 1065 " Illinois Compiled Statutes"
- ^ http://www.in.gov/legislative/ic/code/title32/ar36/ch1.html
- ^ N.Y. Civil Rights L. §§ 50, 51. Found at Ny State Assembly website statutes pages. Accessed June 20, 2011.
- ^ Washington Statute 63.60. Personality Rights
- ^ Wisconsin WI ST 895.50, W.S.A. 895.50 " Right of privacy"
External links[edit]
- Text of every individual state's right of publicity statute in the U.S.
- US constitutional constraints on state right of publicity laws by Jerry Marr
- Case of Princess Caroline of Monaco (1995) German Federal Supreme Court (English translation)
- Privacy rights cases under French law (English translation)
- Privacy/personality rights under German law (English translation)
- Personality rights US Library of Congress
- Das Recht am eigenen Bild, speech by G. Hug at a symposium in 2002 in Vitznau in Switzerland on personality rights in Switzerland regarding the publication of images of people. (In German.)
- Legal resource for personality rights cases in the U.S.
- "Personality Rights in Canada: An Introduction", School of Law, University of Ediburgh
- Personality Rights Database - Personality rights in Argentina, Australia, Canada, France, Germany, Mexico, South Africa, Spain, UK and USA
- Douglas v Hello! - An OK! result, Gillian Black (University of Edinburgh), SCRIPT-ed, June 2007
- Video Gamemaker's Unauthorized Use of Jim Brown's Likeness Protected by the First Amendment by Jack C. Schecter
- Guernsey Image Rights - a practical guide


text:
I want to start out by thanking Judgement Day and the whole Athletix team for allowing me to log this.
I got my bottle of Licogenix in on the 8th. Didnt get it till late afternoon so I decided to wait till the 9th to start dosing. Interested to try this out because it has so many extra benefits other than just being an AI.
Now a little bit about me.
Training experience: 9 years
Age: 23
Height: 5'7"ish?
Weight: 230
I have been doing Lean Gains. So far it has been working well. It suits me well and seems to help with my goals. On lifting days I will take in more carbs. Try and keep my food selection Paleo when it suits me. Definitely not hardcore into the Paleo. I have to have my Jasmine rice.
Training is always changing. I have a hard time picking one method to the madness. Right now I feel like Dorian Yates Blood and Guts will be fun to try out. I tend to excel at lower volume workouts. The only bad thing is my workout partner is a high volume junkie. Will have to reign him in as far as sets and number of exercises. We usually see eye to eye when it comes to lifting. I swear he is probably one of the fierest competitors when it comes to lifting. No matter what I lift he tries to match or better it.
Cardio will be done when possible. Most likely on nonlifting days and days where I do chest/biceps and shoulders/triceps. I dont like the idea of doing cardio on days I do legs or back. Plus it will be done when I wake up in a fasted state.
Other supps:
Ursobolic Acid, Fat-Free, Recompadrol, Craze, CLA, and of course staples.
Ok time for the final review. I suck at these just a fair warning.
Strength on this was very good. Seemed to add weight on my lift each week. Basically had to guess what I was going to use each workout it was increasing that much. In addition to strength I really seemed to harden up. More muscular than I thought possible in such a short time on an AI. Seemed like the gda properties helped keep me lean when I woke up after killing some carbs post workout in the PM.
The thing that set this apart most though was the joint pain. I didnt have any. Which anyone who runs AIs knows it is a fine line between being effective and killing joints. This alone makes it worth a shot in my book.
Would be interested to see how it performed at a higher dosing for an extended period of time.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
The career path of a graduate with the Associate of Science in Design Studies will depend in large measure on the design discipline transferred into the program. Completing the associates' degree demonstrates to potential employers the graduate's dedication to their own personal and professional development and gives graduates the interpersonal, communication, and critical thinking skills employers value.
Because types of employers vary greatly, work environments vary as well. Most designers employed at mid- to large-size companies or firms work in an office environment. Some offices may be very professional and conservative while others (such as creative firms) may be relaxed and casual. Designers working for smaller companies or as a consultant/freelancer may work irregular hours to accommodate their clients' schedules and have smaller, more cramped workspaces.
While many in this field work a standard 40-hr work week, some designers working on a contract basis (such as freelancers) must work to please their existing clients while putting in additional hours to find new clients to serve. Those working in the publishing industry may also work nights and weekends to meet deadlines.
Advancement in this field is directly related to both education and experience. Design professionals must stay current with design, communication, and technology trends, and should continually add samples of their best work to their portfolios. In order to advance, professionals may be required to earn a Bachelor's Degree to become eligible for higher-level positions and salaries with some employers. They may also choose to broaden their skills by adding a second specialty area such as marketing, web design, photography or written communication.
The information below reflects aggregated data from all of the Herzing University campuses that have students enrolled in the specified program in the specified time period. The information does not reflect data regarding individual campuses unless only one campus had students in this cohort. The reporting period used to obtain this data is 7/1/2011-6/30/2012. The term "cohort" refers to the group of students with data in this specified reporting period. "No Information Available" when referring to the "Number of Graduates" means that no students graduated from the specified program within the specified reporting period. If there were less than 10 graduates in a program, on-time completion data was not disclosed for that program and these areas are noted with "No Information Available". For a more detailed description of how the data was calculated please refer to the Disclosure Methodology located here http://www.herzing.edu/files/2013Disclosures-Methodology.pdf [1] .
CIP Codes:
Tuition Range:
Number of Graduates in Cohort:
Mean Institutional Loan Debt of Graduates:
Mean Private Loan Debt of Graduates:
Mean Title IV Loan Debt of Graduates:
Number of Completers:
On-time Completion:
Available Graduate Employment Rate:
Occupational Title:
O*Net Links:
CIP Codes:
Tuition Range:
Number of Graduates in Cohort:
Mean Institutional Loan Debt of Graduates:
Mean Private Loan Debt of Graduates:
Mean Title IV Loan Debt of Graduates:
Number of Completers:
On-time Completion:
Available Graduate Employment Rate:
Occupational Title:
O*Net Links:
[1] http://www.herzing.edu/files/2013Disclosures-Methodology.pdf
[2] http://www.onetonline.org/link/summary/27-1024.00
[3] http://www.herzing.edu/akron
[4] http://www.herzing.edu/birmingham
[5] http://www.herzing.edu/brookfield
[6] http://www.herzing.edu/kenosha
[7] http://www.herzing.edu/madison
[8] http://www.herzing.edu/minneapolis
[9] http://www.herzing.edu/new-orleans
[10] http://www.herzing.edu/online
[11] http://www.herzing.edu/toledo


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Lawmakers, advocates introduce stun gun bill
MONTPELIER — A group of Vermont lawmakers and the heads of disability and civil rights groups are pushing legislation that would create new rules governing police use of electronic stun guns.
They held a news conference on Tuesday to unveil a bill that would set up statewide training and rules for law enforcement officers using Tasers and similar devices.
The effort follows the death last year of Macadam Mason, a Thetford man who died of a heart attack after a state trooper hit him with a Taser.
Attorney General William Sorrell and the Orange County state's attorney announced last month that Senior Trooper
David Shaffer was justified using the stun gun on Mason last June because the distraught man failed to comply with orders and made threatening movements toward the trooper.MORE IN This Just InMaybe talking about life insurance isnt as bad as a root canal or as hard as talking with your... Full StoryHELENA, Mont. Full StoryMONTPELIER In an attempt to avoid some of the same operational challenges they continue to... Full Story -
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She will surely smile when she receives our gorgeous bouquet of one dozen multicolored roses, in all the colors they love. To ensure lasting beauty, these roses arrive in bud form, ready to bloom in a few days.
, we have connected these accounts. You can now sign into 1-800Flowers.com anytime using Facebook Connect.


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walmart de mexico-ser v (WMMVF:OTC US)
Executive Profile*
Farley SequeiraSenior Vice President, Chief Operating Officer of Central America and Member of Corporate Responsibility Committee, Wal-Mart de Mexico SAB De CV |
Age | Total Calculated Compensation | This person is connected to 17 board members in 1 different organizations across 1 different industries. See Board Relationships |
48 | -- |
Farley Sequeira serves as Senior Vice President and Chief Operating Officer of Central America for Wal-Mart de Mexico SAB De CV and served as its Vice President of Real Estate Bodega Aurrerá. Mr. Sequeira served as Vice President of Fresh & Centralized Negotiations of Wal-Mart de Mexico SA.
Corporate Headquarters*Boulevard M. Ávila Camacho 647 Phone: 52 55 5283 0100Mexico City, Districto Federal Mexico 11220 Mexico Fax: -- Board Members Memberships*There is no Board Members Memberships data available.Education*There is no Education data available.Other Affiliations*There is no Company Affiliations data available. |
Annual Compensation*There is no Annual Compensation data available.Stock Options*There is no Stock Options data available.Total Compensation*There is no Total Compensation data available. |
Recently Viewed | |||
Name | Position/ Company | Compensation |
Gregory D. Wasson | Chief Executive Officer, President and Director Walgreen Co. | $1.3M |
Gregg W. Steinhafel | Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and President Target Corp. | $1.5M |
Hubert Joly | Chief Executive Officer, President and Director Best Buy Co., Inc. | $4.0M |
Karl-Johan Persson | Chief Executive Officer, President and Managing Director H & M Hennes & Mauritz AB (publ) | -- |
Toshifumi Suzuki | Chairman and Chief Executive Officer Seven & I Holdings Co., Ltd. | -- | Compensation as of Fiscal Year 2013. |
Post a JobJobs
- Pittsburgh, PA | Carnegie Museums of PittsburghPosted: Dec 09
- New York, NY | JPMorgan ChasePosted: Dec 06
- Alexandria, VA | Mack-sumner CommunicationsPosted: Dec 06
- Detroit, MI | Wayne State UniversityPosted: Nov 26
Sponsored Financial Commentaries
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To contact WALMART DE MEXICO-SER V, please visit . Company data is provided by Capital IQ. Please use this form to report any data issues.
Our data partners will research the update request and update the information on this page if necessary. Research and follow-up could take several weeks. If you have questions, you can contact them at firstname.lastname@example.com.


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This slick rolling suitcase from Hideo Wakamatsu is part of the Smart Collection for savvy travelers. Made from super-durable water-resistant nylon twill, it fits a ton of stuff inside and keeps it organized with two straps and two zippered pockets. It also features four exterior straps that can be loosened when you need more room, cinched when you're traveling light, or even used to fold the bag completely flat. A telescoping pull-handle and smooth, silent wheels ensure this will be as much of a pleasure to travel with as it is to pack.
Designer Hideo Wakamatsu launched his namesake company out of a small Paris shop in 1981 before relocating the company headquarters to Tokyo. The scion to a venerable family handbag business, Hideo draws on French and Japanese design traditions to create luggage and accessories that marry fashion, function, and value.
Water and shred-resistant; telescoping pull-handle; exterior includes four cinching straps for expansion. Dimensions specific to luggage exterior.


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Cxc Multiple Choice Past Papers For Physics
Green, Biodegradable Food Trays - WEBstaurant Store
*Same Day Shipping on Your Order! Food Trays | FoodServiceWarehouse.com FoodServiceWarehouse.com/ Food- Tray100s of Food Serving Trays for Restaurants, Cafeterias & More.Plastic Flats and Trays | GreenhouseMegastore.comGreenhouseMegastore.comGreat selection of flats and trays for easy seedling propagationRelated searches for biodegradable food traysBiodegradable Lunch TraysBiodegradable Food ServiceBiodegradable Food BagsBiodegradable Food ContainerGreen, Biodegradable Food Trays - WEBstaurant Storewww.webstaurantstore.com/8113/green- biodegradable-food-trays.html Shop for Green, Biodegradable Food Trays and other Green Products at the WEBstaurant Store - Fast Shipping, Wholesale Pricing and Superior Service.
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Compostable, biodegradable, heavy-duty plates, bowls & cups made from bagasse. For elegant & green entertaining. Available in bulk or retail packs at BranchHome.com
Food Trays: Foam Serving Trays & Supermarket Trays
Food trays for schools, supermarkets and cafeterias. We carry premium foam service trays, including quality to-go food trays, for all your food serving and carrying.
Paper Food Trays | MrTakeOutBags
Our paper food trays can accommodate countless servings and situations, like fried foods, or for samples at a trade show. We also have specialty hot dog trays as well.
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Image: Created by Column Five Media
More In This Article
The Science of Genius
How to Spot Artistic Brilliance
To Nurture Genius, Improve Gifted Education
To contemplate genius is to call forth history's month fascinating people.Take Leonardo da Vinci, whose artworks— The Last Supper, the Mona Lisa—shine like beacons across the centuries. His scientific writings secured his position as the quintessential Renaissance man. Other polymaths also stand out as exemplars of genius: René Descartes, Benjamin Franklin, Mikhail Lomonosov.
The patterns hidden in the names we summon are telling. The people we choose to venerate expose both the defining cognitive features and the circumstances that kindle exceptional creativity.
This article was originally published with the title That's Genius!.


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News Releases by Email
News Release
Thursday, December 09, 2010
Media contact: Tony Young, 850-488-7867
The Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC) wants to know what Floridians think about providing more daylight-hunting hours to alligator hunters. The public can comment via an online survey.
The FWC is exploring the idea of additional daylight-hunting hours for the state's recreational alligator hunting season, which runs Aug. 15 - Nov. 1 each year.
Currently, legal hours for alligator hunting are from one hour before sunset to one hour after sunrise.
"We've received input from the alligator hunting community and are now looking for input from anyone who is interested in this issue," said Harry Dutton, FWC alligator-management program coordinator.
People can provide input by going to MyFWC.com/Alligator. The Commission will take this input into consideration when deciding whether any change is warranted. Anyone with additional questions regarding this issue may call Dutton at 850-488-3831.
FWC Facts:The Saltwater Fishing "Hot Sheet" gives the latest regulatory information for state and federal waters, as well as season updates and other current events in Marine Fisheries.
Learn More at AskFWC


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To apply for a First-Year Learning Community, you must complete your Housing Contract no later than April 1. However, space is limited and applications are accepted on a first-come, first-served basis, so complete your Contract as soon as possible!
Once you receive notice of the Housing Contract's availability, go to the online Contract and log in using the information provided.
Read the next screen, and then click "Next."
On the following screen, list your housing preferences and complete the other requested information. At the bottom of the page, you will be allowed to select a First-Year Learning Community. Please note: if you list suite-style housing as your first choice, and that preference can be accommodated, choosing a First-Year Learning Community will not override that preference. If membership in a First-Year Learning Community is your first choice, please mark that Community's residence hall as your first preference at the top of this page.
To apply for a specific Learning Community, choose that community from the drop-down box. Once you have completed all information on the page, click "Next."
On the following page, you will be allowed to request a roommate. You may be in a First-Year Learning Community, even if you request a roommate who is not in the Community. If we are unable to honor that request, we will contact you to see what you wish to do.
Why should I join a First-Year Learning Community?
- Meet new people right away
- Benefit from increased interactions with faculty and staff
- Connect with knowledgeable upperclass student mentors
- Enjoy programs to help you succeed academically
- Gain chances to network with people in your field of study
- Connect with alumni
Participation in Learning Community activities is completely voluntary, but we're confident you'll find plenty to enjoy and that it will be one of the best decisions of your first year at UNL!
What if I don't know what I want to major in yet?
That's fine! We have a First-Year Learning Community, University Exploration, designed specifically for students who have not yet decided on a major. Also, many of our First-Year Learning Communities are interest-based and do not require a specific major.
What is the cost of a First-Year Learning Community?
Students in a First-Year Learning Community will be billed an additional $95 through University Housing in September. This nominal fee helps fund your community's activities and subsidize relevant travel expenses.
What if I change my major?
Most First-Year Learning Community classes will meet ACE general education requirements, which are accepted in all degree programs.
I have already taken one of the courses the First-Year Learning Community takes together; can I still be in it?
Yes! At your New Student Enrollment orientation session, you will work with an academic adviser to verify the learning community courses are right for you. If there is a course you already have credit in, you will not be expected to retake that course.
What should I do if I am interested in a First-Year Learning Community, but my first choice residence hall is not home to that Learning Community?
To be part of a First-Year Learning Community, you must live with that community. If you select a different hall as your first choice and your request can be granted, selecting a First-Year Learning Community will not override your first choice. This may be helpful particularly for students interested in Neihardt or suite-style housing.


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I went to Hiroshima on may/13 to a Peace Conference with my daugther and we stayed in this hotel for three nights. The staff was really helpfull, giving us directions, explanations about restaurants, transportation, everything. We needed to reach the Peace Park, since our meting was at the Conference Center. The hotel was walking distance! The room had a good... More
- Also Known As:
- Welcity Hotel Hiroshima
- Hiroshima Welcity Hotel
Japan >
Chugoku >
Hiroshima Prefecture >
> Chudenmae Station
Ranked #20 of 107 hotels in Hiroshima
Price range (per night):
- Reservation Options:
- TripAdvisor is proud to partner with Booking.com, Cheap Tickets, Orbitz, Priceline, Jalan and Otel so you can book your Hiroshimashi Bunka Koryu Kaikan reservations with confidence. We help millions of travellers each month to find the perfect hotel for both holiday and business trips, always with the best discounts and special offers.


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Fragrance family: Citrus + Fruit
3x3 Round Pillar (65 hours)
$20.25On Sale For$13.25
Item #00102100100 Availability: In Stock
4x8 Round Pillar (165 hours)
$36.00On Sale For$23.25
Item #00118100100 Availability: In Stock
The art of the hand pour. Our pillar candles are handmade to ensure vibrant colors and extraordinary fragrance quality.
Fragrance: Pomegranate - a beautiful combination of dark berries and merlot grapes.
Burn Time:In Stock
Dimensions:3 x 3 x 3.5
Weight:435 grams/15.4 oz


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Stayed here for 3 nights with friends, whilst we explored the city. First impressions were fantastic. It's location could not be better, just far enough off the cebtral town square to be peaceful, but right in the thick of it after a 2 minute walk. The welcome was absolutely fine and we found our rooms easily. The place is remarkably... More
- Official Description (provided by the hotel):
- In downtown munich, right on the famous Viktualienmarket, the so-called "parlor of Munich" the 2011 newly opened Derag Livinghotel Campo dei Fiori is situated in a quiet side street. The famous shopping streets like the Kaufingerstreet, the Maximilian Street, or the famous 5-yards are just a few minutes away. ... more less
- Reservation Options:
- TripAdvisor is proud to partner with Booking.com, Expedia, Hotels.com, Travelocity, Priceline, Asiatravel.com Holdings and Venere so you can book your Derag Livinghotel Campo dei Fiori reservations with confidence. We help millions of travellers each month to find the perfect hotel for both holiday and business trips, always with the best discounts and special offers.


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Pertussis, or whooping cough is a highly contagious respiratory tract infection that is making somewhat of a comeback in the United States. In fact, the Centers for Disease Control reports the number of whooping cough cases in the U.S. is on track to be the highest in 50 years. Dr. Johanna Goldfarb specializes in pediatric infectious diseases at Cleveland Clinic Children's Hospital and says it affects both children and adults. "It often begins with lots of congestion and phlegm and it's a cough that just doesn't seem to go away. Sometimes in a school-aged child there's a particular cough, such that a nurse or a physician familiar with it will tell from across the room that the child probably has whooping cough. it's a cough, cough, cough, and a whoop to catch your breath."Any bout with whooping cough is usually prolonged. It can start with a runny nose, congestion, and sneezing, but the symptoms will worsen over time. In school-aged children and adults it can cause a lack of oxygen to the brain or even seizures, but it's rare.Dr. Goldfarb says the bigger concern is when a newborn contracts the infection."When an infant in the first months of life gets whooping cough, it is a life-threatening infection. many of those babies die. And, if they don't die, they're likely to spend many weeks, even months in an intensive care unit recovering."
Your best defense against whooping cough is to get vaccinated.


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Sunday, Dec. 22, 2013 | 7:21 a.m.
Hi, (not you?) | Member Center | Sign Out
Posted: 9:17 p.m. Sunday, Jan. 23, 2011
By Jamie Dupree
It might be about time to grab the pot on the back burner labeled "Budget Battles," and move it to the front of the Legislative Stove, because things are starting to simmer in Congress.
Last week, a group of more conservative Republicans turned up the heat with a plan that calls for $2.5 trillion in budget cuts over the next ten years.
This weekend, we also had Republicans give the big thumbs down on the idea of any new stimulus spending from the White House as part of tomorrow's State of the Union Address.
And today, the House will consider a resolution that sets the stage for the House to vote on at least $100 billion in cuts in coming weeks, as we start getting closer and closer to the point where an increase in the debt limit of Uncle Sam is needed.
"Republicans are not going to vote for this increase in the debt limit unless there are serious spending cuts and reforms," said House Majority Leader Eric Cantor (R-VA) on NBC's 'Meet the Press.'
Cantor has been turning up the budget heat himself in recent days, urging on budget hawks in his own party and sending signals that the GOP leadership is serious about finding ways to truly cut the budget.
"I hope that federal agencies across the spectrum will follow suit and find ways to cut their own budgets," Cantor said last week.
"If not, we're happy to do it for them."
This week, the House will vote on one budget cutting plan, which would get rid of the program that helps finance presidential campaigns and zeroes out money for the political conventions of the two major parties.
But that kind of stuff is small potatoes when compared to the still-unknown details of what Republicans will try to cut from the budget this year, whether money for public broadcasting, the National Endowment for the Arts and much more.
We'll see what President Obama adds to the mix tomorrow night on the budget, as he is expected to talk about addressing the deficit.
But the talk about "common ground" on the budget would seem to be a lot easier to do than actually getting down to nitty gritty details on budget cuts.
There are newly-elected Tea Party Republicans who want to flex their muscles on the budget, which should make for a fascinating next few weeks here in the Capitol.
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This contract requires delivery of the system to the AFSOC customer by the end of February 2012, and includes 360 cartridges as well as a spare parts kit, a tool kit and two days of training by API engineers at the customer's site.
The PBIS-2000 expands the capability of API's current family of hydrogen generators, which includes the PBIS-1000 (for 100g balloons) and the PBIS-lite (designed for 30g pieball balloons). The PBIS-2000 generates sufficient hydrogen to inflate a 200g weather balloon within 20 minutes using up to 6 AlumiFuel Cartridges contained in a single reactor vessel; this represents significantly more hydrogen than is required for the PBIS-1000. While the footprint, weight and safety features of the PBIS-2000 are similar to the PBIS-1000, the configuration has been modified such that the system operates at ambient (atmospheric) pressure (below 10 psig) so that the user never has to deal with a high pressure system such as the industry standard K-Cylinder (2265 psig).
The current weather balloon lift gas market is pegged at $150-$200 million per year, and encompasses military as well as civil government meteorological users worldwide. Traditionally, helium has been used as the primary lift gas for weather balloons, but with the increasing scarcity and cost of helium, users are rapidly switching to hydrogen and API's PBIS family is far more mobile, safe, and cost effective than other on-site hydrogen generation systems. Based on customer feedback, API believes the PBIS family can become field standard and lift gas product of choice for NATO military users and meteorological customers worldwide. After purchasing any unit of the PBIS family, typical customers continue to purchase replacement cartridges to launch up to 700 balloons per unit each year (up to 4,200 cartridges).
API's President & CEO, Mr. David Cade, said, "This Air Force award validates API's unique Portable Balloon Inflation System technology and products. The PBIS-2000 is a significant addition to our PBIS family. Not only does this system fill an existing gap for much larger weather balloons, which constitute a greater portion of the market, but it represents a significant advancement in the state of hydrogen generation technology. The greatest inhibitor to launching weather balloons in remote locations -- where the military operates and considerable meteorological research is done -- is the cost and difficulty of transporting the source of lift gas. The PBIS family will drastically reduce these factors, and enable launches in previously inaccessible areas worldwide; this also creates a logistics supply chain for hydrogen to power fuel cells in the field."


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Trip Details
If you have booked this trip or are curious about all of the details, you can download this trip's information as a PDF.
Please ensure that you print a final copy of your Trip Details to review a couple of days prior to travel, in case there have been changes that affect your plans.
Travel Visas
All countries require a valid passport (with a minimum 6 months validity). Contact your local embassy, or consulate for the most up-to-date visa requirements, or see your travel agent. It is your own responsibility to have the correct travel documentation. Visa requirements for your trip will vary depending on where you are from and where you are going. We keep the following information up to date as far as possible, but rules do change and sometimes without warning. While we provided the following information in good faith, it is vital that you check yourself and understand that you are fully responsible for your own visa requirements.
Visas for Turkey can be purchased on arrival at the airport. Please get into the line to get your visa before going through passport control.
An entry visa is required for citizens of the following countries (not limited to this list):
- Canada (US$60 on arrival; CAD$75 for advance application)
- U.K. (US$20; US$45 for advance application)
- Australia (US$60 on arrival)
- Austria, Belgium, Holland, Ireland, Israel, Portugal & Spain (varies from US$10-100)
Visa costs can change at any time and with little notice depending on the political climate of the region.
A valid passport is sufficient for citizens of most other countries including New Zealand, Argentina, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Japan, Norway, Sweden, and Switzerland for stays up to 3 months. All other nationalities please check with your nearest Turkish Embassy.
Length of validity of your visa is dependent on your nationality, but is commonly 3 months.
For information on whether your nationality is eligible for visa on arrival, we recommend the following link http://www.canberra.emb.mfa.gov.tr/ConsularServices.aspx


text:
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SmartPath...the Final Frontier. These are the continuing voyages of the PeaceHealth Enterprise. Her on-going mission: to explore strange new workflows, to seek out new ways to improve care with new technologies, to boldly go where no person has gone before.
Ok, so we are not as cool as Star Trek, we don't have Captain Kirk on the payroll, and Scotty isn't around to beam any of us up; but we have SmartPath!
SmartPath is a dynamic and complex program that will enable patients, and authorized health providers, to securely share electronic health information at any time, from anywhere, to provide exceptional, safe and effective care. It was born as a vision to provide a full electronic medical record, internally and externally, to facilitate our patients care and grew to encompass the American Reinvestment and Recovery Act (ARRA) and the Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act (HITECH); in essence, Meaningful Use.
Your Information Technology (IT) department is working closely with business and clinical department leaders to implement the SmartPath program with our patients, caregivers and community in mind. Yes, many of these projects will directly impact you, however we are performing due diligence to ensure that we minimize as much direct impact as possible.
There are several components to SmartPath:
SmartPath – includes all programs below as well as a few other projects to ensure PHSW achieves Meaningful Use
SmartCare – includes projects that improve and directly impact patient care and caregivers, such as Computerized Physician Order Entry (CPOE)
SmartConnect – includes projects enabling PHSW meet government requirements to share data
SmartTech – includes projects that enhance desktop performance and accessibility
SmartCodes – includes projects that ensure PHSW complies with requirements for ICD-10
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- Home
- Red Bull Indianapolis GP
- News/Blogs
- Three Americans In MotoGP In 2013 As Edwards Stays Put
September 13, 2012 | By Paul Kelly
Three Americans In MotoGP In 2013 As Edwards Stays Put
There will be three full-time American riders in MotoGP in 2013 as Colin Edwards has agreed to stay with NGM Mobile Forward Racing in the premier class of the World Championship.
Edwards, from Houston, will continue into his second season with the team, which fields production-based Claiming Rule Teams machinery. Next year will be Edwards' 11th season in MotoGP.
Other Americans joining Edwards in MotoGP next season are Nicky Hayden and Ben Spies. Hayden re-signed for 2013 with the factory Ducati Team in July, while Spies was revealed Sept. 12 as a rider for Ducati's new junior team.
Edwards is 17th in the MotoGP standings this season, with a top finish of 12th. He and the team have struggled with various mechanical and electronics problems with their Suter-BMW motorcycle. The team will decide on its chassis-engine package for 2013 after this season.
"We have a great team and a good package, and despite the problems this year it's a pleasure to be here," Edwards said. "We want to do well in the latter part of the season with the current package, and then next year we will see what to do. At the end of 2012, we will evaluate what our best option is."
The date for the sixth Red Bull Indianapolis GP at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway will be announced soon, as MotoGP organizer Dorna is expected to release a provisional 2013 schedule shortly.
- Tue, December 10
Commission Approves Initial IMS Facility Upgrade Plans - Mon, December 02
Herrin Hopes To Raise Bar For Americans - Thu, November 21
Free Admission Dec. 20 For IMS Hall Of Fame Museum, Track Tour - Tue, November 19
History Maker Marquez Concludes 2013 On Top - Wed, November 13
Red Bull Indianapolis GP Teleconference - Marc Marquez - MORE HEADLINES
- Mon, December 09
Danica Patrick talks marriage, why she's waiting to have children - Mon, December 09
Danica Patrick revs up for ACAs hosting gig - Fri, December 06
Jimmie Johnson and Chad Knaus are NASCAR's magical combination - Fri, December 06
Stenhouse beats girlfriend as top NASCAR rookie - MORE INDYSTAR NEWS


text:
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text: Rather than being ethically questionable, this scientific experiment falls in the category 'utterly useless'. Sure we agree that curiosity can take on strange forms sometimes, and that researchers should never be afraid to pursuit their scientific goals, but some studies just seem to be a waste of tax money. This particular study was sparked by …Continue Reading


text:
Brand | Zukes |
Manufacturer | Zukes |
Size | 3.25 oz. |
Size Options | No |
Color Options | No |
Cost/Feeding | No |
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Amount per 1 treat
Protein | not less than 30% |
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Fiber | not more than 3% |
Moisture | not more than 20% |
Ingredients: Venison, Rice Flour, Maple Syrup, Garlic Powder, Salt, Phosphoric Acid, Sorbic Acid (a preservative), Mixed Tocopherols.
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text: So after over a year and a half of not washing my Evisu jeans, I figured I should since the odor was getting pretty bad. As I turned them inside out to wash, I was like whoa, the inside of raw jeans fade the same way as the outside. It's not as distinct but it's still there. The next trend should be raw jeans except made with the wrong side of the denim on the outside.


text:
CRUISING ON AIR: Rotterdam-based DK Group in September tested its Air Cavity System in Norway's Oslo Fjord on a 272-foot (83-meter) -long cargo ship.
Image: Image courtesy of DK Group
The Best Science Writing Online 2012
Showcasing more than fifty of the most provocative, original, and significant online essays from 2011, The Best Science Writing Online 2012 will change the way...
Read More »
For three days in September, an ordinary-looking cargo ship traveled up and down Norway's Oslo Fjord. Few casual observers would have guessed that the 272-foot (83-meter) -long vessel was gliding on a carpet of air.
Air pumped about 25 feet (less than 10 meters) below the waterline into subsurface cavities—broad, shallow recesses built into the underside of the ship's hull—creates buoyant pockets that help reduce drag, allowing the craft to slip more easily through the sea surface, according to Jørn Winkler, founder of DK Group, the small Rotterdam marine-engineering firm that developed the new system. Because less energy is required to propel the ship, less oil needs to be burned and emissions can be cut by as much as 15 percent, he says.
Winkler reports that his company's demo ACS (Air Cavity System (pdf)) reduced the ship's drag by up to 7 percent, a performance that confirmed DK Group's earlier results in tank tests on a smaller model. Greater efficiencies should be realized by bigger, standard-size ships, he says, "because larger hulls pitch less and are generally more stable, which helps maintain the air lubrication effect."
The recent sea trial could turn out to be significant. After all, the world's merchant fleet—50,000 ships that transport 90 percent of global trade goods—emit 800 million tons of carbon dioxide annually (about 5 percent of the planet's total), according to the International Maritime Organization. Anything that can green up the operating efficiencies of new shipping by double-digit percentages would be a notable contribution.
The technique would also help address the problem of polluted cargo ports. "Just the 40 or so ships that dock at the port of Los Angeles at Long Beach each day," Winkler says, "release six times as much sulfur and nitrogen oxides than are emitted daily by all the land transport in the entire state of California."
The DK Group's program is only the latest effort to study the use of air to lessen hull drag and improve energy efficiency. Investigations by specialists at laboratories such as the Maritime Research Institute Netherlands (MARIN), in Wageningen, Holland, as well as Russian marine-engineering academies indicate that a 20 percent drag reduction is theoretically within reach employing such air-assist techniques (although their tests have never achieved better than a 10 percent improvement). And a full-scale project to lubricate a ship hull with air, attempted three years ago by a team led by Yoshiaki Kodama at Japan's National Maritime Research Institute (NMRI) in Tokyo, yielded a net drop in drag of only 3 percent.


text:
Organize an event > Event venues > Hotel Palace Praha
Hotel Palace Praha
Hotels for seminar / Venues with accomodation
B3_1377_836475_image01.jpg - © copyright
- Total Meeting Area 625 (m2) - 6,727 (sq. ft)
- Rooms 124
- Conference capacity 126
In a nutshell...
The luxury 5-star hotel is located directly in the historical and vibrant city centre of Prague, just a few steps away from Wenceslas Square and Old Town Square. This architectural landmark in Art Nouveau style has been a symbol of hospitality and luxury life style since 1909. The new Executive Rooms & Suites with a view of Prague Castle and the State Opera fulfil all the requirements of pure luxury accommodation. The hotel Palace Praha is also proud to provide a modern conference centre with main Conference hall and 6 breakout rooms, as well as Gourmet club restaurant, one of Prague's best dining establishments listed in the Michelin Guide.


text:
Astaro Security Gateway (formerly Astaro Security Linux) is an all-in-one network security gateway that includes a firewall, intrusion protection, antivirus, spam protection, URL filtering, and a VPN gateway. Features include a modern packet filter, intrusion detection and prevention, portscan detection, application control, content filtering, virus detection for email and Web traffic, profile handling, L2TP, IPSec, SSL, and PPTP VPN tunneling, spam blocking, proxies for HTTPS, HTTP, FTP, POP3, SMTP, DNS, VoIP, SOCKS, and Ident, logging, and reporting. It supports Ethernet, VLAN, PPP, PPPoE, PPPoA, Cable Modem, IPv6, QoS, Link Aggregation, and WAN-Uplink-Load balancing in routing, and bridge mode. The WebAdmin GUI, Install Wizard, Change Tracking, Printable Configuration, and Up2Date service make it easy to install, manage, and maintain.
ZABBIX is an enterprise-class distributed monitoring solution designed to monitor and track performance and availability of network servers, devices, and other IT resources. It supports distributed and Web-based monitoring, auto-discovery, real-time monitoring, SLA assurance, trending, and more.
Cherokee is a very fast, flexible and easy to configure Web server. It supports widespread technologies including FastCGI, SCGI, uWSGI, PHP, CGI, SSI, TLS and SSL encrypted connections, virtual hosts, authentication, on the fly encoding, load balancing, Apache compatible log files, database balancing, reverse HTTP proxy, traffic shaping, video streaming, and much more. A user friendly interface called cherokee-admin is provided for no-hassle configuration of the server. It allows you to configure the server from top to bottom without editing a text configuration file.
MM3WebAssistant Proxy Offline Browser Pro archives visited Web pages with your browser to be used online or offline. Offline, each page is available with its original URL. There is no difference between browsing the Internet or the archive. You can even use your bookmarks offline. Search, navigation, and marking make efficient use possible. It allows mobile users to access Internet information when they don't have Internet access.
IPplan is a Web-based, multilingual IP address management and tracking tool which simplifies the administration of your IP address space. It can handle a single network or multiple networks with overlapping address spaces. It features DNS administration, internationalization, importing of network definitions from routing tables, importing of definitions from TAB-delimited files and NMAP's XML format, support for multiple administrators with different access profiles (per group, per customer, per network, etc.), definitions of address space authority boundaries per group, finding free address space across a range, display of overlapping address spaces between networks, search capabilities, an audit log, statistics, circuit tracking, and tracking and sending SWIP/registrar information.
INSERT (the Inside Security Rescue Toolkit) aims to be a multi-functional, multi-purpose disaster recovery and network analysis system. It boots from a credit card-sized CD-ROM and is basically a stripped-down version of Knoppix. It features good hardware detection, fluxbox, emelfm, links-hacked, ssh, tcpdump, nmap, chntpwd, and much more. It provides full read-write support for NTFS partitions (using ntfs-3g), and the ClamAV virus scanner (including a fairly recent signature database and a GUI). It provides partition handling with gParted and also has a network boot facility.
NFS Manager is a small tool that provides easy access to the NFS features of Mac OS X. As an operating system with a Unix core, Mac OS X is able to support the Network File System (NFS) protocol. NFS is the accepted industry standard for sharing files between Unix systems. Although NFS is a built-in component of Mac OS X, users cannot access this feature without special knowledge and use of the command-line. NFS Manager solves this problem by providing an easy-to-use Aqua interface for the definition of NFS connections.
An easy-to-read, HTML-based, mostly logic-less DOM templating engine.


text:
CNET Editors' review
Nowadays, cookies, temporary files, and various other means of tracking your Web footprint are par for the course. Some of these trackers are useful, while others can be potentially intrusive. Thankfully, there are myriad freeware cleaners out there that help keep your system in check. CCleaner is one of the better ones for its ease of use and powerful cleaning capabilities.
CCleaner's simple and intuitive layout will appeal to users of all skill levels. Its four features -- Cleaner, Registry, Tools, and Options -- are prominently displayed on the left side of the window. We started with the Cleaner first, which breaks down your cleaning options into two tabs: Windows and Applications. The program works by first analyzing your system and then running the cleaner itself. By selecting the appropriate check boxes, we were able to clean our temporary Internet files, cookies, history, and cache in both Internet Explorer and Firefox at the same time, as well as empty our Recycle Bin and rid our computer of Windows log files. The Registry feature acts in the same fashion, letting you check off on the options you'd like to scan for issues. In less than 30 seconds, the program had scanned and displayed a long list of invalid entries that we could then opt to fix or leave alone by unchecking the boxes. In less time than it took to scan, the program fixed the issues we had selected. One note: We did have to run the Registry cleaner three times in a row before it came back with no issues found; each time it came back with fewer and fewer invalid entries. Using the Tools feature, we were able to manage our startup programs and successfully uninstall programs. We especially liked that CCleaner lets you manage your cookies so that you don't delete ones that are useful when browsing the Web. As with all Registry cleaners, we recommend that you proceed with caution before fixing or deleting any files. CCleaner does offer an online help feature, but for basic cleaning, you probably won't need it.
By default, the project opts you in for installing desktop and Start menu shortcuts, as well as adding run and open options in your Context menu. It also opts you in for installing Google Chrome and making it your default browser, so you'll have to uncheck the boxes to opt out. CCleaner installs and uninstalls without leaving any files or folders behind.
CCleaner-Clean up junk files and invalid Registry entries.-Download Video Previews:Publisher's Description
From Piriform:
CCleaner is a freeware system optimization, privacy and cleaning tool. It removes unused files from your system allowing Windows to run faster and freeing up valuable hard disk space. It also cleans traces of your online activities such as your Internet history. Additionally it contains a fully featured registry cleaner.
What's new in this version: Version 4.01.4093 has improved History cleaning for Google Chrome and optimized Registry cleaning algorithm for Windows 8.
More Products to Consider
- Tune up and maintain your PC, with anti-spyware, privacy protec...
- Find and fix incorrect or obsolete information in the Windows r...
- Clean up junk files and invalid Registry entries.
- Take full control over RAR and ZIP archives, along with unpacki...
- Repair registry errors, remove "junk" files, and ensure your PC...
- Software updates and utilities to keep your PC up-to-date and r...
- Move, resize, copy, explore, and recover hard disk drive partit...
- Take full control over RAR and ZIP archives, along with unpacki...
- Update PC drivers automatically using cloud technology.
- Search and find required files on PC.
- Recover files deleted from your Windows computer.
- Clean and optimize Windows registry, remove junk from hard driv...
- Recover files deleted from your Windows computer.
- Download and update all your Windows drivers, back them up and ...
- List out your PC's components and solve the related problems.
- List out your PC's components and solve the related problems.
- Fix, speed up, maintain, and protect your PC.
- Provide different options for copying the contents of one folde...
- Manage files and directories on your PC with ease.
- Zip and unzip files, protect them by encryption, connect to clo...
- View, manage, and archive your files and folders.
- View, manage, and archive your files and folders.
- Create, print, and export (PDF, HTML, CSV, RTF) folder and file...
- Tune up and maintain your PC automatically.
All versions:
4.5 starsout of 6,517 votes
Current version:
4.5 starsout of 16 votes
My rating:
Write review
"Using it for years"
Version: CCleaner 4.01.4093
I use it regularly before using Windows Defragmenter. Cleans all registry and not just few files and offers paid version, very easy to use interface, free
None. I just love it.
"Failed to find Conduit Malware"
Version: CCleaner 4.01.4093
Free trial. Malwarebytes, Windows Defender could not find it either.
Not worth buying if it can't find Conduit Malware
If someone from CCleaner can give me a reason why the full paid version can find it then I'll buy it.
"Cleans up fast."
Version: CCleaner 4.01.4093
-good backups of changes - easy to understand and undo.
-nothing fancy, just does what it needs too.
-gives warnings for those folks unsure of what they're selecting for cleanup.
"has never hurt my registry."
Version: CCleaner 4.01.4093
good and reliable software. nothing fancy, just does what it needs too.
-good backups of changes - easy to understand and undo.
-gives warnings for those folks unsure of what they're selecting for cleanup.Cons
-has file finder, drive wiper
-dns cache cleaner useful, as is wipe free space.Summary
-comes in portable
-can be used as uninstaller with registry check (like revo, but not as thorough).
-32 or 64 bit -
"Great product, simple and powerfull"
Version: CCleaner 4.01.4093
Resolves all privacy, temp files etc issues in no time. Looks simple yet it is very powerfull and smart tool.
No aware of any cons, it's practically perfect.
"solid software"
Version: CCleaner 4.01.4093
-good and reliable software. nothing fancy, just does what it needs too.
-has never hurt my registry.
-good backups of changes - easy to understand and undo.
-gives warnings for those folks unsure of what they're selecting for cleanup.
-comes in portable
-can be used as uninstaller with registry check (like revo, but not as thorough).
-32 or 64 bit
-has file finder, drive wiper
-dns cache cleaner useful, as is wipe free space.
-would like to see option to point it towards portable browsers etc
-wipe free space takes time, so deselect it unless you need it.Summary
-i like to run it after a credit card online purchase etc, to make sure no traces of my numbers are floating on my system.
"Only software that fixed the problem"
Version: CCleaner 4.01.4093
I was getting a message that my recycle bin was corrupt when trying to delete files. I tried several different programs but this is the only one that fixed the problem.
None so far.
"Clean, clean, clean!"
Version: CCleaner 4.01.4093
Updates easily and does a great job of scanning your system.
You have got to take the time to set up what it scans and what you want it to ignore. This is less of a con than a caution.
An indispensable tool.
"I always rely on CCleaner - never caused me any probs."
Version: CCleaner 4.01.4093
The main "Pros" going for this product is the HUGE number of positive user reviews it has received over the years. I can't remember it doing any real magic for me but I run it now and then and it always finds a lot of things to remove/clean up. I always let it clean up the lot (based on the above happy users, and I am confident the programmers know more about it than I do.) Even with the registry check I trust it and have never been sorry.
Not really a "Con" but I have been confused about CCEnhancer - presumably written by same people(?), but what extra does it do and why? I reckon if it's worthwhile it should just be built into the main CCleaner program??
Excellent, solid product. Seems to be genuinely useful and has never caused me any probs, even the registry cleaner.
"Indispensable app for Windows"
Version: CCleaner 4.01.4093
Really cleans all the cr*p off your machine. PC runs faster and smoother.
Doesn't really tell you what it is you're deleting... Haven't made a huge mistake, but could see it happening if I wasn't careful.
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Posted: Feb 5, 2013 8:08 PM by Associated Press
Updated: Feb 5, 2013 8:12 PM
SYDNEY (AP) - A tsunami generated by a powerful undersea earthquake off the Solomon Islands has damaged dozens of homes in that South Pacific island chain.
However, the Pacific Tsunami Warning Center says that tsunami warnings for elsewhere have been cancelled.
(Copyright 2013 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.)
Offensive or inappropriate comments are subject to removal. To report a comment, please e-mail us at email@example.com, and include the name of the story and information on the comment.
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The rooms are very clean. They take the time to hand scrub the entire washroom after the guests check out. The receptionist who works during the daytime is super cute and extraordinarily friendly. She works 7 days a week, so you are sure to meet her They were lenient with payments for motorbike rentals, if we didn't have the full... More
- Also Known As:
- NNC Patong Inn Phuket
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Ranked #198 of 293 B&Bs / Inns in Patong
Price Range (Based on Average Rates):
Hotel Class:2 star — NNC Patong Inn 2*
- Reservation Options:
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Holler: Peterson back to being 'All Day'
This story originally published on
Adrian Peterson (Leon Halip/Getty)
John Holler
Posted Oct 3, 2012
Adrian Peterson spent the first month of the season having his percentage of playing time slowly increase. Last week, however, the reins came off and Peterson returned a workload matching the workhorses of the NFL.
One thing you can say about Leslie Frazier and
Adrian Peterson
is that they are honest.
When the fan base got ecstatic at the announcement that the Vikings had activated Adrian Peterson in the early August portion of training camp – ironically, the one day when drills were forced inside – Frazier made it clear that Peterson was active, but not really active. He curbed the enthusiasm by warning the media types not to hang the "Mission Accomplished" banner just yet. Peterson didn't play a single down in the preseason, which led to speculation that perhaps A.P. wasn't ready for prime time.
The thunderous Metrodome ovation at his announcement in the starting lineup Sept. 9 was the coronation of A.P. Version 2.0, but it wasn't the coming back party the face painters envisioned. It was a well-orchestrated movie trailer for Peterson's 2012 U.S. Tour. A medical miracle? Somewhat. A testament to Peterson proving his critics/doubters/naysayers wrong? Damn skippy. But, behind the scenes, the plan was in. And that plan didn't target Sept. 9 as the "Let's get it on!"-style Mills Lane invocation, it was more on the order of the Dr. Frankenstein "It's alive!" exclamation.
Frazier had a different date and a different page on his calendar in mind. By their nature, NFL types compartmentalize seasons into segments. Ask any coach, player or sideline guy who holds a water bottle and they will tell you that a 16-game season is viewed as four seasons.
The date Frazier likely had in mind for A.P. being A.D.D. (All Damn Day) was Oct. 7. By that point, they would have four games in and, if he wasn't everything that was hoped or expected, he would continue to have the bit in his mouth pulling the thoroughbred back from doing too much too fast.
It may not have been noticed (by most), but their laboratory planning played out to perfection.
In Week 1, Peterson was on the field for 32 plays – 54 percent of the time. In Week 2, he was on the field for 43 plays – a 34 percent increase, but 61 percent of the Vikings offensive plays (an increase of a more understandable 7 percent). Week 3 saw a modest increase, perhaps in response to Peterson's reaction to playing at a higher level in Week 2. His time on the field increased, but moderately – six more plays, but only a 1 percent increase in the actual percentage of offensive plays.
However, after last week, Peterson said he felt he had, for the first time, "knocked off the rust" from what he knows a game day to be. He was sore, but, in a strange way, it was a good kind of sore. It was "normal." Normal sore is good for NFL players. For them, Mondays and Tuesdays are ugly.
Seeing an ice bag taped to Peterson's surgically-repaired knee Monday as he walked through the locker room could be seen as a bad sign. Instead, it's a great sign. In Week 4, Peterson had the reigns taken off and was allowed to gallop. He was on the field for 79 percent of the Vikings' offensive plays.
To put that number in perspective, only four running backs in the NFL have been on the field for a higher percentage in the first four games of the season than Peterson's 79 percent last week –
Darren McFadden
(82.1 percent),
LeSean McCoy
(82 percent),
Ray Rice
(81.3 percent) and
Chris Johnson
(81 percent).
That's pretty fast company and none of them are coming off knee surgery.
What those numbers tell us is that Peterson has been systemically unleashed on the NFL as a precautionary measure. Both Peterson and Frazier have kept their promise to the organization. Peterson said on New Year's Eve that he would be on the field for the regular season opener Sept. 9.
He was true to his word.
Frazier took the pragmatic approach. Give him the "first season" of 2012 to prove to the satisfaction of the organization that they aren't "rushing him" back. Frazier made a point not to allow Peterson to risk any damage in meaningless exhibition games. He would gradually unleash The Beast incrementally. Frazier's target was Oct. 7.
He was true to his word.
Whether Peterson proclaims himself some variant short of 100 percent the next time he is asked by a random cameraman or if he is officially at full speed, as the Vikings enter the "second season" of 2012, let the Tennessee Titans and the other opponents on the remainder of the Vikings schedule know that the reigns have snapped off and Secretariat is being allowed to run at full speed.
John Holler has been writing about the Vikings for more than a decade for
Viking Update
. Follow
Viking Update on Twitter
and discuss this topic on our
message boards
. To become a subscriber to the Viking Update web site or magazine,
click here
Related Stories
Peterson vs. Johnson: 'I feel I'm the best'
Oct 4, 2012
Frazier: 'More like the Adrian of old'
Oct 1, 2012
Personal demons exorcised in Vikings win
Sep 30, 2012
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