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Wave function
A wave function or wavefunction (also more appropriately named a statefunction) in quantum mechanics describes the quantum state of a particle and how it behaves. Typically, its values are complex numbers and, for a single particle, it is a function of space and time. The Schrödinger equation describes how the wave function evolves over time. The wave function behaves qualitatively like other waves, like water waves or waves on a string, because the Schrödinger equation is mathematically a type of wave equation. This explains the name "wave function", and gives rise to wave–particle duality.
The most common symbols for a wave function are ψ or Ψ (lower-case and capital psi).
Although ψ is a complex number, |ψ|2 is real corresponding by Max Born's proposal to the probability density of finding a particle in a given place at a given time, if the particle's position is to be measured. Louis de Broglie in his later years proposed a real-valued wave function connected to the complex wave function by a proportionality constant and developed the de Broglie–Bohm theory.
The unit of measurement for ψ depends on the system. For one particle in three dimensions, its units are [length]–3/2. These unusual units are required so that an integral of |ψ|2 over a region of three-dimensional space is a unitless probability (i.e., the probability that the particle is in that region). For different numbers of particles and/or dimensions, the units may be different and can be found by dimensional analysis.[1]
The wave function is central to quantum mechanics, because it is a fundamental postulate of quantum mechanics. It is the source of the mysterious consequences and philosophical difficulties in the interpretations of quantum mechanics—topics that continue to be debated even today.
- 1 Historical background
- 2 Mathematical introduction
- 3 Definition (single spin-0 particle in one spatial dimension)
- 4 Definition (other cases)
- 5 Wavefunction symmetry and antisymmetry
- 6 Units of the wavefunction
- 7 Normalization invariance
- 8 Wavefunctions as vector spaces
- 9 Ontology
- 10 Examples
- 11 See also
- 12 References
- 13 Further reading
- 14 External links
Historical background[edit]
Quantum mechanics |
Introduction Glossary · History |
Fundamental concepts
In the 1920s and 1930s, there were two divisions (so to speak) of theoretical physicists who simultaneously founded quantum mechanics: one for calculus and one for linear algebra. Those who used the techniques of calculus included Louis de Broglie, Erwin Schrödinger, Paul Dirac, Hermann Weyl, Oskar Klein, Walter Gordon, Douglas Hartree and Vladimir Fock. This hand of quantum mechanics became known as "wave mechanics". Those who applied the methods of linear algebra included Werner Heisenberg, Max Born, Wolfgang Pauli and John Slater. This other hand of quantum mechanics came to be called "matrix mechanics". Schrödinger subsequently showed that the two approaches were equivalent.[2] In each case, the wavefunction was at the centre of attention in two forms, giving quantum mechanics its unity.
De Broglie could be considered the founder of the wave model in 1925, owing to his symmetric relation between momentum and wavelength: the De Broglie equation. Schrödinger searched for an equation that would describe these waves, and was the first to construct and publish an equation for which the wave function satisfied in 1926, based on classical energy conservation. Indeed it is now called the Schrödinger equation. However, no one, even Schrödinger and De Broglie, were clear on how to interpret it. What did this function mean?[3] Around 1924–27, Max Born, Heisenberg, Bohr and others provided the perspective of probability amplitude.[4] This is the Copenhagen interpretation of quantum mechanics. There are many other interpretations of quantum mechanics, but this is considered the most important – since quantum calculations can be understood.
In 1927, Hartree and Fock made the first step in an attempt to solve the N-body wave function, and developed the self-consistency cycle: an iterative algorithm to approximate the solution. Now it is also known as the Hartree–Fock method.[5] The Slater determinant and permanent (of a matrix) was part of the method, provided by Slater.
Interestingly, Schrödinger did encounter an equation for which the wave function satisfied relativistic energy conservation before he published the non-relativistic one, but it led to unacceptable consequences; negative probabilities and negative energies, so he discarded it.[6]:3 In 1927, Klein, Gordon and Fock also found it, but taking a step further: incorporated the electromagnetic interaction into it and proved it was Lorentz-invariant. De Broglie also arrived at exactly the same equation in 1928. This wave equation is now known most commonly as the Klein–Gordon equation.[7]
By 1928, Dirac deduced an equation from the first successful unification of special relativity and quantum mechanics, as applied to the electron – now called the Dirac equation. He found an unusual character of the wavefunction for this equation: it was not a single complex number, but a spinor.[5] Spin automatically entered into the properties of the wavefunction. Although there were problems, Dirac was capable of resolving them. Around the same time Weyl also found his relativistic equation, which also had spinor solutions. Later other wave equations were developed: see Relativistic wave equations for further information.
Mathematical introduction[edit]
Wavefunctions as multi-variable functions – analytical calculus formalism[edit]
Multivariable calculus and analysis (study of functions, change etc.) can be used to represent the wavefunction in a number of situations. Superficially, this formalism is simple to understand for the following reasons.
- It is more directly intuitive to have probability amplitudes as functions of space and time. At every position and time coordinate, the probability amplitude has a value by direct calculation.
- Functions can easily describe wave-like motion, using periodic functions, and Fourier analysis can be readily done.
- Functions are easy to produce, visualize and interpret, due to the pictorial nature of the graph of a function (i.e. curves, Contour lines, and surfaces). When the situation is in a high number of dimensions (say 3-d space) – it is possible to analyze the function in a lower dimensional slice (say a 2-d plane) or contour plots of the function to determine the behaviour of the system within that confined region.
Although these functions are continuous, they are not deterministic; rather, they are probability distributions. Perhaps oddly, this approach is not the most general way to represent probability amplitudes. The more advanced techniques use linear algebra (the study of vectors, matrices, etc.) and, more generally still, abstract algebra (algebraic structures, generalizations of Euclidean spaces etc.).
Wave functions as an abstract vector space – linear/abstract algebra formalism[edit]
The set of all possible wave functions (at any given time) forms an abstract mathematical vector space. Specifically, the entire wave function is treated as a single abstract vector:
where |ψ⟩ is a column vector written in bra–ket notation. The statement that "wave functions form an abstract vector space" simply means that it is possible to add together different wave functions, and multiply wave functions by complex numbers (see vector space for details). (Technically, because of the normalization condition, wave functions form a projective space rather than an ordinary vector space.) This vector space is infinite-dimensional, because there is no finite set of functions which can be added together in various combinations to create every possible function. Also, it is a Hilbert space, because the inner product of wave functions Ψ1(x) and Ψ2(x) can be defined as
where * denotes complex conjugate.
There are several advantages to understanding wave functions as elements of an abstract vector space:
- All the powerful tools of linear algebra can be used to manipulate and understand wave functions. For example:
- Linear algebra explains how a vector space can be given a basis, and then any vector can be expressed in this basis. This explains the relationship between a wave function in position space and a wave function in momentum space, and suggests that there are other possibilities too.
- Bra–ket notation can be used to manipulate wave functions.
- The idea that quantum states are vectors in a Hilbert space is completely general in all aspects of quantum mechanics and quantum field theory, whereas the idea that quantum states are complex-valued "wave" functions of space is only true in certain situations.
Introduction to vector formalism[edit]
Given an isolated physical system, the allowed states of this system (i.e. the states the system could occupy without violating the laws of physics) are part of a Hilbert space H. Some properties of such a space are
- If |ψ⟩ and |ϕ⟩ are two allowed states, then a|ψ⟩ + b|ϕ⟩ is also an allowed state, provided |a|2 + |b|2 = 1. (This condition is due to normalization, see below.)
- There is always an orthonormal basis of allowed states of the vector space H.
Physically, the nature of the inner product is dependent on the basis in use, because the basis is chosen to reflect the quantum state of the system.
When the basis is a countable set { | εi⟩ } and orthonormal, that is
then an arbitrary vector |ψ⟩ can be expressed as
where the components are the (complex) numbers ci = ⟨εi|ψ⟩ This wave function is known as a discrete spectrum, since the bases are discrete.
When the basis is an uncountable set, the orthonormality condition holds similarly,
then an arbitrary vector can be expressed as
where the components are the functions ψ(ε) = ⟨ε|ψ⟩ This wave function is known as a continuous spectrum, since the bases are continuous.
Paramount to the analysis is the Kronecker delta, δij, and the Dirac delta function, δ(ε − ε0), since the bases used are orthonormal. More detailed discussion of wave functions as elements of vector spaces is below, following further definitions.
The wavefunction must satisfy the following constraints for the calculations and physical interpretation to make sense:[8]
- It must everywhere be finite.
- It must everywhere be a continuous function, and continuously differentiable (in the sense of distributions, for potentials that are not functions but are distributions, such as the dirac delta function).
- As a corollary, the function would be single-valued, else multiple probabilities occur at the same position and time, again unphysical.
- It must everywhere satisfy the relevant normalization condition, so that the particle/system of particles exists somewhere with 100% certainty.
If these requirements are not met, it's not possible to interpret the wavefunction as a probability amplitude; the values of the wavefunction and its first order derivatives may not be finite and definite (with exactly one value), i.e. probabilities can be infinite and multiple-valued at any one position and time – which is nonsense, as it does not satisfy the probability axioms. Furthermore, when using the wavefunction to calculate a measurable observable of the quantum system without meeting these requirements, there will not be finite or definite values to calculate from – in this case the observable can take a number of values and can be infinite. This is unphysical and not observed when measuring in an experiment. Hence a wavefunction is meaningful only if these conditions are satisfied.
Information about quantum systems[edit]
Although the wavefunction contains information, it is a complex number valued quantity; only its relative phase and relative magnitude can be measured. It does not directly tell anything about the magnitudes or directions of measurable observables. An operator extracts this information by acting on the wavefunction ψ. For details and examples on how quantum mechanical operators act on the wave function, commutation of operators, and expectation values of operators; see Operator (physics).
Definition (single spin-0 particle in one spatial dimension)[edit]
Position-space wavefunction[edit]
For now, consider the simple case of a single particle, without spin, in one spatial dimension. (More general cases are discussed below). The state of such a particle is completely described by its wave function:
- ,
where x is position and t is time. This function is complex-valued, meaning that Ψ(x, t) is a complex number.
If the particle's position is measured, its location is not deterministic, but is described by a probability distribution. The probability that its position x will be in the interval [a, b] (meaning a ≤ x ≤ b) is:
where t is the time at which the particle was measured. In other words, |Ψ(x, t)|2 is the probability density that the particle is at x, rather than some other location.
This leads to the normalization condition:
- ,
because if the particle is measured, there is 100% probability that it will be somewhere.
Momentum-space wavefunction[edit]
The particle also has a wave function in momentum space:
where p is the momentum in one dimension, which can be any value from −∞ to +∞, and t is time. If the particle's momentum is measured, the result is not deterministic, but is described by a probability distribution:
- ,
analogous to the position case.
The normalization condition is also similar:
Relation between wavefunctions[edit]
The position-space and momentum-space wave functions are Fourier transforms of each other, therefore both contain the same information, and either one alone is sufficient to calculate any property of the particle. For one dimension:[9]
Sometimes the wave-vector k is used in place of momentum p, since they are related by the de Broglie relation
and the equivalent space is referred to as k-space. Again it makes no difference which is used since p and k are equivalent – up to a constant. In practice, the position-space wavefunction is used much more often than the momentum-space wavefunction.
Example of normalization[edit]
A particle is restricted to a 1D region between x = 0 and x = L; its wave function is:
- .
To normalize the wave function we need to find the value of the arbitrary constant A; solved from
From Ψ, we have |Ψ|2;
so the integral becomes;
therefore the constant is;
The normalized wave function (in the region) is then given by;
Definition (other cases)[edit]
Many spin-0 particles in one spatial dimension[edit]
The previous wavefunction can be generalized to incorporate N particles in one dimension:
- ,
The probability that particle 1 is in an x-interval R1 = [a1,b1] and particle 2 in interval R2 = [a2,b2] etc., up to particle N in interval RN = [aN,bN], all measured simultaneously at time t, is given by:
The normalization condition becomes:
- .
In each case, there are N one-dimensional integrals, one for each particle.
One spin-0 particle in three spatial dimensions[edit]
Position space wavefunction[edit]
The position-space wave function of a single particle in three spatial dimensions is similar to the case of one spatial dimension above:
where r is the position in three-dimensional space (r is short for (x, y, z)), and t is time. As always Ψ(r, t) is a complex number. If the particle's position is measured at time t, the probability that it is in a region R is:
(a three-dimensional integral over the region R, with differential volume element d3r, also written "dV" or "dx dy dz"). The normalization condition is:
where the integrals are taken over all of three-dimensional space.
Momentum space wavefunction[edit]
There is a corresponding momentum space wavefunction for three dimensions also:
where p is the momentum in 3-dimensional space, and t is time. This time there are three components of momentum which can have values −∞ to +∞ in each direction, in Cartesian coordinates (x, y, z).
The probability of measuring the momentum components px between a and b, py between c and d, and pz between e and f, is given by:
hence the normalization:
analogous to space, d3p = dpxdpydpz is a differential 3-momentum volume element in momentum space.
Relation between wavefunctions[edit]
The generalization of the previous Fourier transform is[10]
Many spin-0 particles in three spatial dimensions[edit]
When there are many particles, in general there is only one wave function, not a separate wave function for each particle. The fact that one wave function describes many particles is what makes quantum entanglement and the EPR paradox possible. The position-space wave function for N particles is written:[5]
where ri is the position of the ith particle in three-dimensional space, and t is time. If the particles' positions are all measured simultaneously at time t, the probability that particle 1 is in region R1 and particle 2 is in region R2 and so on is:
The normalization condition is:
(altogether, this is 3N one-dimensional integrals).
For N interacting particles, i.e. particles which interact mutually and constitute a many-body system, the wavefunction is a function of all positions of the particles and time, it can't be separated into the separate wavefunctions of the particles. However, for non-interacting particles, i.e. particles which do not interact mutually and move independently, in a time-independent potential, the wavefunction can be separated into the product of separate wavefunctions for each particle:[8]
One particle with spin in three dimensions[edit]
For a particle with spin, the wave function can be written in "position-spin-space" as:
where r is a position in three-dimensional space, t is time, and sz is the spin projection quantum number along the z axis. (The z axis is an arbitrary choice; other axes can be used instead if the wave function is transformed appropriately, see below.) The sz parameter, unlike r and t, is a discrete variable. For example, for a spin-1/2 particle, sz can only be +1/2 or −1/2, and not any other value. (In general, for spin s, sz can be s, s – 1,...,–s.) If the particle's position and spin is measured simultaneously at time t, the probability that its position is in R1 and its spin projection quantum number is a certain value sz = m is:
The normalization condition is:
- .
Since the spin quantum number has discrete values, it must be written as a sum rather than an integral, taken over all possible values.
Many particles with spin in three dimensions[edit]
Likewise, the wavefunction for N particles each with spin is:
The probability that particle 1 is in region R1 with spin sz1 = m1 and particle 2 is in region R2 with spin sz2 = m2 etc. reads (probability subscripts now removed due to their great length):
The normalization condition is:
Now there are 3N one-dimensional integrals followed by N sums.
Again, for non-interacting particles in a time-independent potential the wavefunction is the product of separate wavefunctions for each particle:[8]
Wavefunction symmetry and antisymmetry[edit]
In quantum mechanics there is a fundamental distinction between identical particles and distinguishable particles. For example, any two electrons are fundamentally indistinguishable from each other; the laws of physics make it impossible to "stamp an identification number" on a certain electron to keep track of it.[11] This translates to a requirement on the wavefunction: For example, if particles 1 and 2 are indistinguishable, then:
where s is the spin quantum number of the particle: integer for bosons (s = 1, 2, 3...) and half-integer for fermions (s = 1/2, 3/2...).
The wavefunction is said to be symmetric (no sign change) under boson interchange and antisymmetric (sign changes) under fermion interchange. This feature of the wavefunction is known as the Pauli principle.
Units of the wavefunction[edit]
Even though wavefunctions are complex numbers, both the real and imaginary parts each have the same units (the imaginary unit i is a number without unit). The units of ψ depend on the number of particles the wavefunction describes, and the number of spatial or momentum dimensions of the system. In general, for N particles with positions r1, r2, ..., rN in n spatial dimensions, the normalization conditions require ψ to have units of [length]–Nn/2. The square root of the length unit is removed when one finds |ψ|2, which has units of [length]–Nn.
In momentum space, length is replaced by momentum, and the units are [momentum]–Nn/2.
These results are true for particles with or without spin, since for particles with spin, the summations are over dimensionless spin quantum numbers.
Normalization invariance[edit]
It is important that the properties associated with the wave function are invariant under normalization. If normalization of a wave function changed the properties, the process becomes pointless as we still cannot yield any information about the particle associated with the non-normalized wave function.
All properties of the particle, such as momentum, energy, expectation value of position, associated probability distributions etc., are solved from the Schrödinger equation (or other relativistic wave equations). The Schrödinger equation is a linear differential equation, so if Ψ is normalized and becomes AΨ (A is the normalization constant), then the equation reads:
which is the original Schrödinger equation. That is to say, the Schrödinger equation is invariant under normalization, and consequently associated properties are unchanged.
Wavefunctions as vector spaces[edit]
As explained above, quantum states are always vectors in an abstract vector space (technically, a complex projective Hilbert space). For the wave functions above, the Hilbert space usually has not only infinite dimensions, but uncountably infinitely many dimensions. However, linear algebra is much simpler for finite-dimensional vector spaces. Therefore it is helpful to look at an example where the Hilbert space of wave functions is finite dimensional.
Basis representation[edit]
A wave function describes the state of a physical system |ψ⟩, by expanding it in terms of other possible states of the same system – collectively referred to as a basis or representation |εi⟩. In what follows, all wave functions are assumed to be normalized.
An element of a vector space can be expressed in different bases elements; and so the same applies to wave functions. The components of a wave function describing the same physical state take different complex values depending on the basis being used; however, just like elements of a vector space, the wave function itself is not dependent on the basis chosen. Choosing a new coordinate system does not change the vector itself, only the representation of the vector with respect to the new coordinate frame, since the components will be different but the linear combination of them still equals the vector.
Finite dimensional Hilbert spaces[edit]
A wave function ψ with n components describes how to express the state of the physical system |ψ⟩ as the linear combination of n basis elements |εi⟩, (i = 1, 2...n). Following is a breakdown of the used formalism.
In bra–ket notation, the quantum state of a particle can be written as a ket;
The basis here is orthonormal:
where δij is the Kronecker delta. The corresponding bra is the Hermitian conjugate – the transposed complex conjugate matrix (into a row matrix/row vector):
Kets are analogous to the more elementary Euclidean vectors, although the components are complex-valued. The state can be expanded in any convenient basis of the Hilbert space. Simple examples can be found from a two-state quantum system, two energy eigenstates:
and two spin states (up or down):
(see below for details of this frequent case). In these examples, the particle is not in any one definite or preferred state, but rather in both at the same time – hence the term superposition. The relative chance of which state occurs is related to the (moduli squares of the) coefficients.
Projecting the initial state |ψ⟩ onto the particular state the system collapses to |ε⟩, gives the complex number;
so the modulus squared of this gives a real number;
the probability of state |εq⟩ occurring. The sum of the probabilities of all possible states must sum to 1 (see normalization using kets below), implying the constraint:
Closure relation in the discrete bases[edit]
Taking the state above
we obtain the closure relation:
The equality to unity means this is an identity operator (its action on any state leaves it unchanged). Suppose we have another wavefunction in the same basis:
then the inner product can be obtained:
Normalization in discrete bases[edit]
The norm or magnitude of the state vector |ψ⟩ is:
which says the projection of a complex probability amplitude onto itself is real. The sum of all probabilities of basis states occurring must be unity:
so the normalized state |ψN⟩ in all generality is:
Compare the similarity with Euclidean unit vectors a in elementary vector calculus:
The parallels are identical: the magnitude of the vector, geometric or abstract, is reduced to 1 by dividing by its magnitude.
Application to one spin-½ particle (neglect spatial freedom)[edit]
A simple and important case is a spin-½ particle, but for this instance ignore its spatial degrees of freedom. Using the definition above, the wave function can now be written without position dependence:
- ,
where again sz is the spin quantum number in the z-direction, either +1/2 or −1/2. So at a given time t, Ψ is completely characterized by just the two complex numbers Ψ(+1/2,t) and Ψ(–1/2,t). For simplicity these are often written as Ψ(+1/2,t) ≡ Ψ+ ≡ Ψ↑, and Ψ(–1/2,t) ≡ Ψ– ≡ Ψ↓ respectively. This is still called a "wave function", even though in this situation it has no resemblance to familiar waves (like mechanical waves), being only a pair of numbers instead of a continuous function.
Using the above formalism, the two numbers characterizing the wave function can be written as a column vector:
where c1 = Ψ+ and c2 = Ψ−. Therefore the set of all possible wave functions is a two dimensional complex vector space. If the particle's spin projection in the z-direction is measured, it will be spin up (+1/2 ≡ ↑z) with probability |c1|2, and spin down (–1/2 ≡ ↓z) with probability |c2|2.
In bra–ket notation this can be written:
using the basis vectors (in alternate notations)
- for "spin up" or sz = +1/2,
for "spin down" or sz = –1/2.
The normalization requirement is
which says the probability of the particle in the spin up state (↑z, corresponding to the coefficient c1) plus the probability in the spin down (↓z, corresponding to the coefficient c2) state is 1.
To see this explicitly for this case, expand the ket in terms of the bases:
taking the inner product (and recalling orthonormality) leads to the normalization condition:
Infinite dimensional vectors[edit]
States can have countably infinitely many components;
with corresponding bra as before:
They can also have an uncountably infinite number of components. The collection of all states |ψ⟩ is a continuum of states. While finite or countably infinite basis vectors are summed over a discrete index, uncountably infinite basis vectors are integrated over a continuous index (a variable of a function). In what follows, all integrals are with respect to the basis variable ε (a real number or vector, not complex-valued), over the required range. Usually this is just the real line or subset intervals of it. The state |ψ⟩ is given by:
with corresponding bra:
and again the basis here is orthonormal:
As with the discrete bases, a symbol ε is used in the basis states, two common notations are |ε⟩ and sometimes |ψε⟩. A particular basis ket may be subscripted |ε0⟩ ≡ |ψε0⟩ or primed |ε′⟩ ≡ |ψε′⟩.
The components of the state |ψ⟩ are still ⟨ε|ψ⟩, the projection of the state onto some basis is a function;
This time
is the probability density function of measuring the observable ε, so integrating this with respect to ε between a ≤ ε ≤ b gives:
the probability of finding the system with ε between ε = a and ε = b.
Closure relation in continuous bases[edit]
Taking the state above
we obtain the closure relation:
Also the inner product can be obtained:
Normalization in continuous bases[edit]
Taking the inner product;
This integral is the total probability of all basis states occurring, so it must be 1 as before:
Kets are much easier to normalize than the above procedure; solving the equation after evaluating the normalizing integral.
Application to position, momentum and spin state spaces[edit]
The following are illustrated in position space. For the momentum space, the equations need only the replacement x → px in 1d or r → p in 3d. Of course, they can be generalized for more than one particle, requiring multiple sums or integrals for each particle, as shown previously.
One spin-0 particle in one dimension[edit]
For a spinless particle in one spatial dimension (the x-axis or real line), the state |ψ⟩ can be expanded in terms of a continuum of states; i.e. |ε⟩ ≡ |ψε⟩ → |x⟩ ≡ |ψx⟩, corresponding to each x.
If the particle is confined to a region R (a subset of the x-axis), the state is:
leading to the closure relation
and the inner product as stated at the beginning of this article (in that case R = (−∞, ∞)):
- .
The "wavefunction" described previously is simply a component of the complex state vector. Projecting |ψ⟩ onto a particular position state |x0⟩, where x0 is in R:
One spin-0 particle in three dimensions[edit]
The generalization of the previous result is straightforward. In three dimensions, |ψ⟩ can be expanded in terms of a continuum of states with definite position, so |ε⟩ ≡ |ψε⟩ → |r⟩ ≡ |x, y, z⟩ ≡ |ψr⟩, corresponding to each r = (x, y, z).
If the particle is confined to a region R (a subset of 3d space), the state is;
The closure relation is
leading to the inner product of |ψ⟩ with itself leads to the normalization conditions in the three-dimensional definitions above:
- .
Projecting onto a particular position state |r0⟩, where r0 is in R:
The above expressions take the same form for any number of spatial dimensions.
One spin particle in three dimensions[edit]
For a particle with spin s, in all three spatial dimensions, the basis states |r, sz⟩ are a combination of the discrete variable sz (the z-component spin quantum number) and the continuous variable r (position of the particle).[12] Applying the above formalism, the state can be written:
and therefore the closure relation (identity operator) is:
Projecting Ψ onto a particular position-spin state |r0, m⟩, where r0 is in R:
where the joint orthogonality relation
has been used.
Time dependence[edit]
In the Schrödinger picture, the states evolve in time, so the time dependence is placed in |ψ⟩ according to:[13]
for discrete bases, or
for continuous bases. However, in the Heisenberg picture the states |ψ⟩ are constant in time and time dependence is placed in the Heisenberg operators, so |ψ⟩ is not written as |ψ(t)⟩.
Wave function collapse[edit]
The physical meaning of the components of |ψ⟩ is given by the wave function collapse postulate also known as Wave function collapse. If the observable(s) ε (momentum and/or spin, position and/or spin, etc.) corresponding to states |εi⟩ has distinct and definite values, λi, and a measurement of that variable is performed on a system in the state |ψ⟩ then the probability of measuring λi is |⟨εi|ψ⟩|2. If the measurement yields λi, the system "collapses" to the state |εi⟩, irreversibly and instantaneously.
Whether the wave function really exists, and what it represents, are major questions in the interpretation of quantum mechanics. Many famous physicists of a previous generation puzzled over this problem, such as Schrödinger, Einstein and Bohr. Some advocate formulations or variants of the Copenhagen interpretation (e.g. Bohr, Wigner and von Neumann) while others, such as Wheeler or Jaynes, take the more classical approach[14] and regard the wave function as representing information in the mind of the observer, i.e. a measure of our knowledge of reality. Some, including Schrödinger, Einstein, Bohm and Everett and others, argued that the wave function must have an objective, physical existence. The latter argument is consistent with the fact that whenever two observers both think that a system is in a pure quantum state, they will always agree on exactly what state it is in (but this may not be true if one or both of them thinks the system is in a mixed state).[15] For more on this topic, see Interpretations of quantum mechanics.
Here are examples of wavefunctions for specific applications:
- Free particle
- Particle in a box
- Finite square well
- Delta potential
- Quantum harmonic oscillator
- Hydrogen atom and Hydrogen-like atom
See also[edit]
- Boson
- Double-slit experiment
- Faraday wave
- Fermion
- Schrödinger equation
- Wave function collapse
- Wave packet
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- ^ Griffiths, p179 of the first edition
- ^ Quantum Mechanics, E. Abers, Pearson Ed., Addison Wesley, Prentice Hall Inc, 2004, ISBN 978-0-13-146100-0
- ^ Y. Peleg, R. Pnini, E. Zaarur, E. Hecht (2010). Quantum mechanics. Schuam's outlines (2nd ed.). McGraw Hill. pp. 68–69. ISBN 978-0-07-162358-2.
- ^ E. T. Jaynes. Probability Theory: The Logic of Science, Cambridge University Press (2003),
- ^ Pusey, Matthew F.; Jonathan Barrett, Terry Rudolph (14). "The quantum state cannot be interpreted statistically". arXiv.org: arxiv:1111.3328v1.
2.Quantum Mechanics (Non-Relativistic Theory), L.D. Landau and E.M. Lifshitz, ISBN 0-08-020940-8
Further reading[edit]
- Griffiths, David J. (2004). Introduction to Quantum Mechanics (2nd ed.). Prentice Hall. ISBN 0-13-111892-7.
- Yong-Ki Kim (September 2, 2000). "Practical Atomic Physics". National Institute of Standards and Technology (Maryland): 1 (55 pages). Retrieved 2010-08-17.
- Polkinghorne, John (2002). Quantum Theory, A Very Short Introduction. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-280252-6.


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Title kinda explains it, but to be specific this thread has come about due to me moving to XP64, trawling the net for native 64bit software of various kinds and noticing just how awkward it is to filter 64bit software out from 32bit. So what, 32bit still works on a 64bit OS right? Well, yes, normally, but being only 32bit its incapable of providing any advantage what-so-ever. So this thread is to help 64bit users obtain native 64bit software and to run as wholly possible a 64bit OS. This thread is for people to post links for native 64bit software for just about anything including; - Native 64bit sound & audio codecs - Native 64bit drivers (chipsets, audio devices, wireless adapters, etc) - Native 64bit software (audio players, photo editing software, CD\DVD burning software, etc) - Native 64bit system tools (registry cleaners, disk defraggers, etc) - Native 64bit web browsers Currently I have a nice collection of 64bit stuff which I'll be uploading and providing links to when my system is back up. I hope 32bit dies soon, its had its day. Lastly remember to tell people what 64bit OS the stuff your linking to is for!
Start trawling and posting 64bit stuff heres a few general 64bit links people might be able to pluck some stuff from and post links for; http://idatop.com/all/7days/ http://www.start64.com/
Hit a snag, can anyone find 64bit drivers for a Belkin 54Mbps wireless adpater rev 4002. The Belkin site doesnt appear to have ANY 64bit drivers
Kinda screwed there...Netgear and Belkin are being arseholes about 64-bit drivers. Netgear is all but refusing to, and Belkin say it's currently a waste of time on anything but their new stuff.
thats actually a major problem..i cant use my wireless adapter im using my laptop. right now you see it seems their are a couple of drivers and one work around i found is that if your adapter uses ralink chips you can use the drivers from for example linksys which does have the drivers...your adapter will show up as something else but it should work....i found all this out while looking for drivers for my action tec problem is mine doesnt use those chips but it saeems wireless 64 bit drivers are crazy hard to find.
My v4002 wireless USB adapter uses a ZyDAS ZD1211B-QF chip. Can anyone find 64bit drivers for that? I'm comin up short atm...
The only drivers for that chip are Linux ones. Only the one with RALINK chips has drivers for Windows.
Now it's companies like these who cause all the "stick to 32 bit" bullshit If i worked for microsoft (in a high up position obviously) i'd refuse to sign any more drivers for their products till they sorted it out, see if they're happy only selling products to the minority of people using macs or linux How are computers supposed to make any progress limited to 2gb ram? (well, 3.whatever, but you cant buy 1.5gb sticks of overclocking ram now can you)
i tried seeing if i could modify the driver/.ini thing but no luck perhaps if iu look at the differances between the linksys one and my default 1 ill try to perhaps it might be as simple as copy/overwrighting some code ill let you knbow how it goes kett if y get anyware let me know hell back in the day ppl wrote their own device drivers ill do that if i have too
Yea I'm doing that atm, just finishing the setup info file then moving on to the "wonderful" system files.
how r u reverse enginnering them what prog? like r u disassembling? ill help out i have to go take some family pics then im going to a part i might have some time later but most deff tomarrow
I'm not doing any decompiling atm. Looking at the ZyDAS and Belkin files, for Belkin it looks like they simply didnt include the 64bit file in the install package, but the file (or what suspiciously looks like the 64bit file) is there, named "BLKWGU64" and right next to it "BLKWGUXP". The latter I assume being the WinXP 32bit driver, so the former must be the 64bit driver.
Yep their inf files. Pointing at the specific file also probably wont work. Gonna test the hacked files in a bit, hope they work. ZyDAS driver and utilities are probably far more powerfull than the shitty Belkin ones.
Put the adapter in, an dpoint the new hardware wizard to that file. Iy'll probably work, did for me when I was messing around.
is it a usb wireless adapter kett?......if so actually regardless or nopt could you upload the orig of both and your modded? i just want to see if what im doing matches somewhat to what your doing perhaps if upload our respective modded files we might be able to figure something out
By the looks of It this link hasn't been posted...not tons....but maybe something x64 your looking for. http://files.aoaforums.com/D217-Windows 64-bit Files.html Hope It helps.
Having a thread full of conversation with the occasional link really isn't that useful. Anyways here's my contribution. Itunes under any 64-bit OS cant burn cd's because itunes doesnt come with a 64 bit driver. You can get the 64 bit driver here though- http://www.gearsoftware.com/support/drivers.cfm
Nice idea for a thread. If anyone has any idea what drivers I can use for a DLINK DWL-G520M Wireless Adapter I will personally proclaim you as my God. That was the only thing stopping me from running wholly in x64. Its like that with lots of Wireless adapter brands.
The discussion going on is on topic and related. More specifically, information within the posts could help other users make their own x64 wireless driver, I'd call that pretty damn useful info For those wondering, no, I havent got a working x64 driver yet, only a partially working one.

subset: commoncrawl


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Caylin Halter Maxi Dress
Ultra-soft and super-versatile, this striped maxi is a wear-everywhere must. It makes a perfect beach cover-up—just add a chambray button-down on cool summer nights.
• V-neck. Sleeveless.
• Halter ties at neck. Open back. Allover stripe print.
• 78% Polyester, 18% Rayon, 4% Spandex
• Hand wash
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Auxiliary honors past president
LADD — Ladd American Legion Auxiliary Post 938 honored a past president, the late Betty Piacenti, by placing her photo on the wall of former presidents during the Auxiliary's November meeting.
In other business, Auxiliary members raised the monetary prizes for the Americanism essay contest and Poppy Poster awards.
A collection of non-perishable foods and money was collected for the food pantry. Donations were also made for a Thanksgiving basket and Christmas basket for the food pantry. A donation was approved to the 16th District.
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Series: Evolution Basics (35 entries)
Written by BioLogos Fellow of Biology Dennis Venema, this series of posts is intended as a basic introduction to the science of evolution for non-specialists.
The Resource Finder has powerful filtering features — check out the tutorial to learn more.
Written by BioLogos Fellow of Biology Dennis Venema, this series of posts is intended as a basic introduction to the science of evolution for non-specialists.
This week's Origins News Roundup features highlights from a recent conference of evangelical theologians, exciting human fossil finds, tell-tale lice, and a few words from the Pope.
What's the evidence for the idea that God exists or doesn't exist? I think anyone who's looked at that would conclude that the strong atheist position of saying, "I know there is not God" is not an easy one to sustain.
Where is human evolution going? Where has human evolution been? A roundup of stories from the past few weeks.
Once we recognize that no one takes the text literally, and that we have often failed to account for the details in the text regarding the time of day, we can begin anew to try to understand the text as an ancient text rather than as a modern one. As such, we must begin with the idea that the text operates in the world of omens, not the world of physics and astronomy.
Zoologist Steve Roels shares a summary of his experiences listening and talking with the scientists in attendance at the Third World Summit on Evolution and also offers a reflective essay and poem about evolution, psalms of praise, Darwin, and the islands that so inspired him.
How do metaphors impact the dialogue between faith and science? We might start by asking: what are the framing metaphors at work in the current debates? Even using the word "dialogue" here suggests an implicit metaphor that frames my approach to the relationship between faith and science. Imagine substituting "dialogue" with "war;" that would conjure a completely different metaphorical framework.
Its questionable treatment of science and scientists—with an attack mindset and a goal to make scientists look stupid—causes me to advise extreme caution. Bluntly, I see this video as counter to our evangelistic mission.
Join astrobiologist Stephen Freeland for a look into the nature of information and the origins of life on earth. (These posts were originally published as a paper in the ASAs academic journal, PSCF, and are reprinted here with permission.)
This series, by Old Testament scholar Richard S. Hess, was first published as an appendix to Christian Apologetics: A Comprehensive Case for Biblical Faith (Downers Grove: IVP Academic; Nottingham: Apollos, 2011).
Listening to his story I had to remind myself that Phil was an atheist, not a seminary student recalling those who had inspired him to enter the pastorate. As the narrative developed, however, it became clear where things came apart for Phil.
My Hawking-induced crisis of faith spurred me to move beyond a "God of the gaps"—a shrunken deity enlisted merely to fill any remaining pockets of mystery that science has yet to illuminate. Indeed, my experience has been that recapturing the doctrine of Creation in its scriptural fullness points us toward a much more exciting understanding of creation. It points us toward a God for whom science is a gift rather than a stumbling block. And perhaps most importantly, it points to a Creator God who is worthy of worship, enjoyment, and trust.
The Galápagos Islands were not a distinct "center of creation," but a workshop for evolution in which an ancestral species made it to the yet uncolonized island and underwent a massive degree of speciation to adapt to the environment of the island. This is precisely what one would expect if the species of islands had arisen by evolution.
Over the next few months, with permission from Yale University Press, BioLogos will offer edited versions of chapters from John Polkinghorne's best books, Belief in God in an Age of Science and Theology in the Context of Science, in order to help readers delve more deeply into some of his most important ideas.
We need to hear stories from others who have wrestled with evolution and Christian faith. What arguments made them change their views on science? How did they hold fast to their relationship with God? The essays in this series will eventually comprise a book, provisionally titled, "Evolving: Evangelicals Reflect on Evolution."
These excerpts from Origins: Christian Perspectives on Creation, Evolution, and Intelligent Design, written by BioLogos president Deborah Haarsma and her husband Loren Haarsma, offer a sampling of the book's many topics, from exploring our disagreements and agreements on origins as Christians to explaining scientific processes to looking at how we read Genesis.
In our current culture, we're defined by our jobs. It's having a vocation. I wanted to shift away from that. I didn't want to be a doctor first and foremost, or a scientist, but one who praises God.
BioLogos interim web editor Emily Ruppel recently traveled to Boston for the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) conference, where she took an afternoon off from lecture-going to catch up with Doug Lauffenburger, head of the biological engineering department at MIT and a member of the American Scientific Affiliation.
Congratulations to the 37 winners of the Evolution & Christian Faith (ECF) grants competition! ECF is a new BioLogos program designed to support projects and network-building among scholars, church leaders, and parachurch organizations.
In this video conversation, N.T. Wright discusses how the Enlightenment worldview -- which clearly separates God from the world -- has impacted our view of Scripture, and why cleaning the "spectacles" through which we view the world can help us see both Scripture and the world more clearly.


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Learn to take shelter
evere Weather Awareness Week scheduled next week
Tornadoes can touch down in southern Iowa. An example is the April 2012 tornado that hit Creston.
Now that spring weather is on its way, so is severe-weather season.
The Iowa Homeland Security, Emergency Management Division and National Weather Service have declared the week of March 25 through 29 Severe Weather Awareness Week.
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You must earn 10,000 points to post other members' whiteboard
nice 164,695 total
Your quote is quite accurate,, love it.... I am a year younger then rwsb30.. Lets be buddies
Yes had a great time at the races Thanks
Hey I just noted your birthday DATE Christmas eve 1890 that make you really old
Just Great ! How about you ?
Hi, jazzej. Thanks for the kind words about my healthcare comment. I don't like to see the Gas Buddy site get so politicized (although I guess by its nature oil is a political commodity), but I find some of the comments maddening. Do these people really think that eight months of Obama has gotten us into this mess, and not the eight years of George Bush?
Yo jazzej, good to know you're not about to expire anytime soon. i would recomend that you hang in there until you can collect full SS but take a good vacation whenever you begin to feel burnt out. Go somewhere you can lie on the beach and listen to the waves or whatever cools your jets. Leave all the business behind until you feel like doing it again. Do'nt worry about being bored,you will find plenty to do when you do retire.In fact I wonder how I found time to do a daily job and take care of the rest of my life.I still have a wife and 5 of my showdogs to keep me busy plus I can mechanic on cars and motocycles,do phtography ,silversmithing ,and a few other things. Think about it,there are probably lots of things you would like to do if you had the time.So do what pleases you but try not to take your SS until it reaches the maximum benefit.
:) I don't know how that year appeared giving me 120 years. I never wrote a year, just Dec. 24. But actually it makes me feel young knowing I'm more than 1/2 that age. At 79 you should have been ready to retire--I'm thinking of doing it in 2 years. As you said, I'll spend less money; may as well get rid of the stress. I'm just concerned I'll be bored. Can't just talk to Gas Buddies all day.
Write to jazzej's whiteboard


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URGENT - North Korea Hotline
Published On: Mar 11 2013 06:06:59 AM EDT
(CNN) -- As it had threatened to do so last week, North Korea cut off direct phone links with South Korea at the inter-Korean border village of Panmunjom, according to South Korea's Yonhap news agency. The phone line was the emergency link for quick, two-way communication between the two sides. However, when the South Korean unification ministry called twice Monday, no one answered, Yonhap said.
Copyright 2013 by CNN NewSource. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.


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Enjoyed an amazing week here at the end of the season. From the welcome at the airport and throughout our stay the service was above and beyond. The rooms were stylish and immaculate, the pool area was gorgeous and the bar was well stocked. I can't recommend it highly enough
- Also Known As:
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I love this. The question and answer section of this item is wrong...it hangs about 10 inches from the ceiling. I called customer service to ask how long it is, they said 18 inches...I thought I would have to return it and was disappointed as I had already bought the matching --Otis Designs 4-light Chrome/ Crystal Wall light for out bathroom. I am glad I opened it .its very nice installed. I just love the matching set for our bathroom. Just a touch of bling. I hung it from a 8 foot ceiling and it is fine. You do have the option of removing a few crystals to make it shorter in length. I am very happy with this light, I did not find it hard to put the Crystals on. The crystals are glass not plastic..Chrome could be better quality but overall I love it.. Hope this helps, this is much prettier than any other ceiling light and I looked several places
This was just what my powder room needed to change the light direction from a wall strip of 3 lights to a shimmery top down light that shines perfectly on my iridescent tile wall. The crystals come wrapped separately, and are simple to attach to the fixture.
Looks beautiful in a bathroom remodel designed to look like The Nines Hotel in Portland, Ore.
I bought this light for my master bath water closet at the same time I purchased Overstock item # 13529586 4 light vanity light. These lights look great; highly recommended. Items look better than website photo. Since I used in w/c, I opted for 15 watt bulbs (60 total watts) which was perfect. They take small-based candelabra bulbs. Looks great, crystal do throw rainbow colors like real crystal. It will take time to attach crystals to lighting fixture. Very happy with this. My Master closet is adjacent to my bathroom, so I also purchased Overstk # 11738310 for my 10x12 walk-in closet so these all would work together.
We got this late with the matching vanity light and couldn't be happier! We tried to re-do our bathroom on a tight budget and these lights were an amazing price and gave so much life to our little bathroom. I would highly recommend this light! It is beautiful.
Beautiful and stylish Ceiling Chandelier. I loved the crystals and that they have 4 lights. It looks so sassy and fancy on the ceiling.
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v.nice style ! $4
v.nice style ! $4
cool jaws up there!
So great. Looks better on navy blue.
thats a cool looking shark
i think this is awesome!!
i like tt color...kind neon
amazing linework, and i love how it places on the shirt. [nice flow]
It looks like he's burping out the fish bones. Neato.
wow cool
really cool, even if the title is a little confusing! $5
I like this one. Sharks rule. 5$ from me.
AMAZING!! Nave please! 5$!!
I love it on both colours.
sexy line work! very cool...
Nice - your strokes are incomparable.
er... and I mean that in a "clean" way.
I really enjoy it. You did a good job here.
love it
nicely balanced image for a tshirt.
oo blue on blue please
this one has some awesome style!!! 5$
love the style of it.W ould prob pay for it in navy
nice job. very cool
i loooooooove your line work..not just love, but looooooooove! i like it on the navy blue too
OO0O0O Nice
Your linework is amazing.
Love this.
yeah it's cool. navy for sure.
I really like this !! Great job
It would be really cool if the eyes and teeth and bones glowed in the dark!
gawd your linework gets better and better. love the colors, LOVE the drawing, love the bubble. nice, nice work
Holy shit amazing was the firs thing that came to mind. Not many submissions do that for me.
i would buy this. even if i was broke.
nice shirt mutzo. i LIKE it.
over and out.
Stellar placement
Extremely excellent. Best fish sub ever.
Your stroke work is better than a 13 year old boy. Cleaner too.
Very nice.
"Stroke meh, stroke meh (stroke! stroke!)"
love it 4$
this took a while to come up - awesome anyway!!
nice. i like the navy one
lol, he's burping fish bones. $4
itsa beauty
im not a shark fan but i will give it a 3
coool. it does look like he's burping!
Very nice color choice, awesome line work. 4.
I must have this shirt!!!
I love the navy
I love the colours of the shark!


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Full of enchantment and intrigue, Glendragon Castle is home to our knight-in-training, Mike. Now your kids can help Mike protect the Kingdom of Glendragon and be the best knight he can be! With innovative features, fun sounds, and three levels of interactive play, the Glendragon Castle playset brings medieval excitement to life!
Age Grade
Glendragon Castle is at the heart of our tale. Not only is it home to Mike and his family, it's also a place where Mike can prepare for his exciting missions. Kids will love answering the call of adventure as Mike begins his quest with his rallying cry, "Be a knight, do it right!" Full of hidden surprises, a working drawbridge, fun sounds, and a variety of play pieces, the Glendragon Castle playset encourages imaginations as your kids create their own adventures for this brave knight-in-training.
Glendragon Castle is a remarkable place with surprises around every corner! Flip Mike's bed to reveal his armor and a secret chute leading down to his trusty horse, Galahad. Mike can also use the ladder to access the second level, where Evie's workshop contains a revolving door that spins to an outside overlook, which is burrowed into an old oak tree. Mike can even slide down the included zip line, open the drawbridge, and begin his next quest!
For an even more engaging experience, kids can press the red shield on the inside of the castle wall to lower the drawbridge and hear a variety of sounds and phrases. Of course, kids will love to hear Mike's rallying call, along with a number of different mission statements ("I'm Mike the Knight, and my mission is… to find the hidden treasure!"). Your little knights-in-training will feel immersed in Mike's world of Glendragon!
The world of Glendragon Castle is even more fun and realistic with an array of included play pieces! You never know when those pesky Vikings will show up, so Mike is ready with a working catapult that can be fired from the castle's battlement. And for seamless mobility throughout the castle, Mike can grab onto the included zip line and slide down from the upper level, or use the ladder to climb up and down. Plus, a magical treasure chest, a trough of hay, and a castle flag provide even more detail. Not to mention, it just wouldn't feel like home without Mike's trusty horse, Galahad!
Determined to be the best knight he can be, Mike is always learning the power of responsibility and how to do things the right way. Now, your kids can join him on his noble quest to become a full-fledged knight! With the Glendragon Castle playset, young imaginations will be inspired by an immersive, interactive world of play as they are transported to the fantastical Kingdom of Glendragon.
© 2013 Hit (MTK) Limited
Mike The Knight™ and logo and Be A Knight, Do It Right!™ are trademarks of Hit (MTK) Limited
© HIT Entertainment Limited. HIT and the HIT logo are trademarks of HIT Entertainment Limited.
Help Mike become a knight! His magical castle has all the actions & phrases to help play out the world of Glendragon. Actions include: Press shield to release draw bridge and activate phrases and sound effects. Mike can grasp onto zip line and slide from the roof to the battlements area. Flip down battlements area to prepare to launch the catapult. Child can load boulder onto catapult and launch it. Lift Mike's bed to reveal slide to Galahad's room. Lift hay panel on Galahad's floor to reveal hidden items. Open treasure chest and it automatically reveals treasure or empty chest. Feed Galahad by manually rotating panel in trough, magically revealing hay. Feeder flips from full to empty. Secret Magic Potion bookshelf door takes Mike from the inside to the outside overlook. Ladder takes Mike to the different levels. Open and close front door in tree to access treasure room in castle. *Mike figure fits securely on horse to ride. Includes castle playset and 7 play pieces. Mike figure, Galahad horse, ladder, catapult, 2 boulders, spinning treasure chest, flipping hay trough.
"R"Web#: 444585
Manufacturer #: Y8370
Product Weight:3.7 pounds
Product Dimensions (in inches):18.4 x 12.9 x 5.4
Shipping Info:
Average Customer Rating:
(based on 14 reviews)
Ratings Distribution
5 Stars
4 Stars
3 Stars
2 Stars
1 Stars
of respondents would recommend this to a friend.
Best Uses
Most Helpful Positive Review
Fun, but a tiny bit disappointing
I got this because both my sons (ages 3 & 4) really wanted it. They both enjoy the Mike the Knight show, so I thought it would be nice for them to...Read complete review
I got this because both my sons (ages 3 & 4) really wanted it. They both enjoy the Mike the Knight show, so I thought it would be nice for them to be able to "play along" when they watched the show. They both liked the castle from the beginning. However, despite my warnings, they were both disappointed to find out that Evie was not included in the box. I told them that because I read the teeny, tiny print next to the picture on the box that stated she was not included. They can't read, though, and insisted she was. Guess who was right and who was sad? However, they both really liked Mike and sliding him down his rope from the top of the castle. I think my three-year old son's favorite aspect was the treasure chest that flips from empty to full and vice-versa each time you open it. My four-year old loves the catapult because he just loves anything with a projectile. My biggest peeve with the castle is that there is no way to store the pieces inside. It is just a castle facade and doesn't close or anything. I would have preferred a hinged castle so that I could store the figures and accessories inside. As it is, I am sure there are pieces that I will have to go hunting for and it's only been two weeks. Kids love it, but if I were buying it as a gift, I would definitely spend the extra bucks and get the Evie figure so the kids aren't so sad.
Most Helpful Critical Review
A dissapointment..
I purchased this for my 3 year old grandson and we were both frustrated with the toy. I also bought extra figures to add to the castle. The figures do not sit or stand ...Read complete review
I purchased this for my 3 year old grandson and we were both frustrated with the toy. I also bought extra figures to add to the castle. The figures do not sit or stand on their own and Mike does not stay on the horse unless you hold him there. My grandson also tried galloping Mike on the horse through the draw bridge, but they don't fit! I felt like the overall size of the castle was too small especially for chubby little boy hands. The hiding spot and slide is a fun idea, but cumbersome due to the cramped corner it's in. Castles and houses created for girls are a much nicer size. I have to say the idea is cute and the boulder launcher is a hit. A little more thought and child testing should have been done before putting it on the shelves.
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Fun toy!
By Gbarb
from LA, CA
Comments about Fisher-Price 1001124 Fisher-Price Mike the Knight Glendragon Castle Playset:
My girls (3 and 5) didn't know anything about Mike the Knight before they were given this castle playset...now they love the characters! The 3 year old likes the sounds and figurines and the 5 year old likes how the bed flips just like the show and using the catapult! I like how it has expanded playing with a castle to include more exciting adventures vs. just having princesses going to balls. I think it would have been nice for the set to include the girl, Evie and a dragon so the kids could play together and each have a character. So far the castle has held up and has been used for lots of imaginative play.
Comment on this review
By Momma4
from Undisclosed
My 5 year old daughter likes this toy. Her favorite part is the bed that turns into a slide and the revolving library wall. My 7 year old son played with it for a little bit too when we first got it. His favorite part is the cannon ball shooter. My daughter loves the horse and extra pieces but having one more person in the set would be better. Probably more ideal for younger kids but my kids use the castle and play with other toys on it.
By SarrahAnne
from Los Angeles, CA
Encourages imaginative play
By 3BoysMa
from Los Angeles
This toy was a lot of fun for my 2 yr old son. He immediately took to mike and his horse playing around the castle and had the most fun launching the rock from the catapult. It feels durable and has lasted throughout much vigorous play thus far. I like how children are encouraged to use their imaginations with the pieces to play with the various parts and add voices to the characters. It also has lots of different options of play to help hold a little ones attention.
Perfect for a 3 year old boy
By Momto2boysand1girl
This is really cute with Mike's talking and everything that the castle does. I really wish it came with more than just Mike though because my kids were fighting over it.
great idea but needed more thought
By mom of two
from cairo ny
About Me Parent of Two or More Children, Stay at Home Parent
i got this for my soon to be 3 yr old son because every time he saw the commercial he flipped and wanted it since he recently got into watching mike the knight. the idea of it is very cute and the castle itself is built nice however the zip line did not want to stay put together and the horse does not fit through the door which would have been nice. other then that he loves it and plays with it for while!
Very entertaining
By chefdad
from Manhattan Beach, CA
He enjoys the castle and all of the different levels of activity it has to offer. The voice phrases and sounds are a plus to this toy as well. He loves the treasure chest and the zip line the most. This toy is very entertaining and keeps my son busy and engaged. Great Mike The Knight Glendragon Castle Toy. Thanks.
Very Nice but needs work
By George of the Riveras
from Bronx, NY
About Me Education Oriented, Parent of Two or More Children, Working Parent
The castle is nice, Mike needs bigger feet and a smaller head so that he can fit better in the castle and stand up without falling so easily.Also the slide needs to be longer, perhaps extractable. Everything else is nice, great build quality, the set looks as if it's an imaginex toy....very sturdy.
(1 of 1 customers found this review helpful)
Returned it!!
By Tina
from Grand Rapids, MI
About Me Stay at Home Parent
Bad construction, pieces don't stay where they're supposed to, my 2yr. old son only got mad at it... because the pieces didn't stay put, the "slide" is useless, seeing that when you put Mike thru the hole he just falls and doesn't even touch the slide!
By Chi Chi
from Orlando, Florida
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I bought a pack of these and can't say enough about the product. As someone who doesn't like to wear a lot of makeup and has sensitive and oily skin with the occasional few stubborn pimples, this product as been terrific. You don't need a lot and the product really does a great job of creating a flawless look easily. I use a light powder of bare minerals on top and have great results. After using it for a while now, I do wish the packaging was different because it gets messy after it's been opened and closed so many times.
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I am new to the bb cream lines but this is really good, I would recommend this line. Not sure if all bb creams are the same, but this is one to try.


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MONDAY, November J8, 1872.The PRESIDENT took the chair at 2 o'clock, p. m., pursuant to adjournment, and announced that a minister of the gospel being present--the Rev. HENRY DAY, of the First Baptist Church, of the city of Indianapolis--Senators would please arise while the throne of grace was being addressed.
Dr. DAY prayed as follows :
In Thy presence, oh Lord God, help us always to remember our own littleness. In Thy presence help us to remember our own need of help. Graciously condescend to give us wisdom instead of ignorance, light instead of darkness, and help whenever in need. What we need Thou canst abundantly supply. Give, we pray Thee, to these Senators here assembled, wisdom. Thou knowest what great interests are depending upon them. Thou knowest, oh Lord, how much they need the guidance and wisdom that comes down from on high. Give to them this wisdom, we pray Thee, peaceful, pure, and easily to be entreated. And we ask, oh Lord God, that Thy blessing may rest upon them, not only for this day, but during the entire session, so that there may be such legislation enacted as shall be for the good of the great State. Bless Thou this State. Bless Thou all its officers. Bless Thou its Governor. Bless Thou this Legislature assembled. Bless Thou, we pray Thee, all entrusted with the administration of public affairs throughout this commonwealth, and grant that its affairs may be so wisely adjusted and conducted that all may redound to the honor and glory of God. Hear us in our prayers, and give us help according to our need, we ask Thee in the name of Christ, our Lord. Amen.
The Secretary's journal of Friday's proceedings was read, corrected, and approved.
Mr. HUBBARD, from the special committee on Rules, submitted a report.
The report was concurred in.
Mr. HUBBARD from the special committee on the claim of J. W. Cookerly reported in favor of allowing him five days' pay and mileage for his services as Doorkeeper in organizing the Senate.
On motion of Mr. DWIGGINS the report was so amended as to allow D. H. Olive, for acting as Secretary in the organizations, the same compensation and the report was concurred in.
Mr. DWIGGINS presented a claim for $25 for draping the Senate in mourning in memory of John W. Burson as per resolution.
It was referred to the Committee on Claims.
Mr. GREGG offered a resolution requesting the Committee on Printing to investigate and report by bill or otherwise--on or before the 23d inst. upon the propriety of abolishing the office of State Printer.
page: 51[View Page 51]SENATE RULES.
On motion by Mr. BROWN 200 copies of the rules and orders of the Senate were ordered printed.
On motion by Mr. DWIGGINS the Constitution of the State was included in this order.
Subsequently, on motion by Mr. WILLIAMS, a list of the standing committees of the Senate were included in the order to print the Rules and the Constitution.
Bills for acts were introduced, read the first time, and severally passed to the second reading, as follows :
By Mr. HUBBARD, [S. 15.] To authorize cities and towns to negotiate a sale of bonds to procure means to erect and complete school buildings, etc., and authorizing the levy and collection of an additional special school tax for the payment of such bonds, and legalizing contracts heretofore entered into.
By Mr. TAYLOR, [S. 16.] To authorize suits to be brought in the adopted name of a partnership, any judgment rendered to be for the benefit of the partnership, and all partners to be bound thereby.
By Mr. ORR, [S. 17.] To amend the act relating to justices of the peace, and providing that they have jurisdiction to try suits founded on contract or tort in which the amount involved does not exceed $100, and concurrent jurisdiction to an amount not exceeding $500.
By Mr. MILLER, [S. 18.] To repeal the act authorizing the assessment of lands for plank and macadamized road purposes and the act authorizing the construction of such roads.
By Mr. NEFF, [S. 19.] To amend the act relating to divorce, so as to make the causes of divorce adultery, impotence, cruel treatment of either party by the other, habitual drunkenness, the failure of the husband to make reasonable provisions for his family, and the conviction of either party of an infamous crime in foreign courts.
By Mr. ARMSTRONG, [S. 20.] To regulate the sale of real estate owned by husband and wife, providing that in all cases where real estate may be sold by deed of conveyance by husband and wife, and in case where lands may be conveyed or devised to them they shall be tenants in common for the purpose of selling upon execution or other final process and that the interest of the husband in such lands shall be subject to sale upon execution against the same, the sameas if he held it in common with any other person.
By Mr. GREGG, [S. 21.] To abolish the office of the State Agent and require the Secretary of State to perform the duties thereof.
By Mr. BEARDSLEY, [S. 22.] To regulate the interest on money, providing that the interest on a judgment or decree for money shall be from the date of signing until the same is satisfied at the rate per cent. agreed upon by the parties in the original contract in which the judgment is entered, not exceeding 10 per cent., and if there was no contract then at the rate of six per cent.
By Mr. BIRD, [S. 23.] To authorize County Commissioners to appropriate money not exceeding $10,000 in any one year to aid in putting or aid in keeping in repair any canal running in or along said county.
By Mr. CAVE, for An Act [S. 24] To require Supervisors of Highways, on the last Saturday of September in each year, to make a report of the names of persons liable to road duty, the amount of commutation money paid, etc.
The PRESIDENT then announced the standing Committees of the Senate of Indiana for this Extra Session of 1872, viz:
On Elections--Messrs. Sleeth, Collett, Miller, Neff, Fuller, Hall and Dittemore.
On Finance--Messrs. Steele, Beardsley, Friedley, Wadge, Williams, Daugherty and Harney.
On the Judiciary--Messrs. Brown, Daggy, Steele, Gooding, Rosebrugh, Glessner and Dittemore.
On Education--Messrs. Scott, Taylor, Hough, Rhodes, Fuller, Boone and Armstrong.
On Corporations--Messrs. Hubbard, Brown, Gooding, Dwiggins, Armstrong, Carnahan and Bird.
On Roads--Messrs. Miller, Howard, Orr, Friedley, Cave, Bowman and Stroud.
On Benevolent Institutions--Messrs. Thompson, Chapman, Beardsley, Hough, Armstrong, Daugherty and Francisco.
On Agriculture--Messrs. Collett, Beeson, Miller, Orr, Williams, Boone and Bowman.
On Banks--Messrs. Dwiggins, O'Brien, Beardsley, Haworth, Daugherty, Winterbotham and Gregg.
On Manufacturers--Messrs. Beardsley, Howard, Wadge, Bunyan, Beggs, Ringo and Boone.
page: 52[View Page 52]On Public Printing--Messrs. O'Brien, Sleeth, Beardsley, Hough, Cave, Bird and Dittemore.
On Public Buildings--Messrs. Oliver, Daggy, Scott, Neff, Harney, Winterbotham and Francisco.
On Prisons--Messrs. Wadge, Friedley, Chapman, Hubbard, Dittemore, Bowman and Winterbotham.
On Canals and Internal Improvements--Messrs. Haworth, Sleeth, Bunyan, Howard, Beggs, Armstrong and Carnahan.
On State Library--Messrs. Hough, Chapman, Rhodes, Oliver, Slater, Beggs and Smith.
On Fees and Salaries--Messrs. Rhodes, Steele, Neff, Hubbard, Glessner, Smith and Gregg.
On Claims--Messrs. Neff, Beeson, Orr, O'Brien, Williams, Harney and Carnahan.
On Military Affairs--Messrs. Chapman, O'Brien, Sleeth, Bunyan, Gregg, Fuller and Sarnighausen.
On Phraseology and Arrangement of Bills and Enrolled Bills--Messrs. Collett, Hubbard, Thompson, Sleeth, Hall, Slater and Smith.
On Unfinished Business--Messrs. Bunyan, Howard, Beardsley, Scott, Ringo, Gregg and Stroud.
On Organization of Courts--Messrs. Daggy, Hough, O'Brien, Steele, Dittemore, Rosebrugh and Glessner.
On Expenditures--Messrs. Taylor, Beeson, Friedley, Thompson, Harney, Smith and Armstrong.
On Federal Relations--Messrs. Gooding, Dwiggins, Hubbard, O'Brien, Beggs, Boone and Slater.
On Swamp Lands--Messrs. Chapman, Oliver, Dwiggins, Howard, Winterbotham, Stroud and Carnahan.
On Temperance--Messrs. Beeson, Steele, Rhodes, Wadge, Francisco, Cave and Stroud.
On County and Township Business--Messrs. Orr, Bunyan, Miller, Howard, Beggs, Fuller and Ringo.
On the Rights and Privileges of the Inhabitants of the State--Messrs. Howard, Hough, Gooding, O'Brien, Glessner, Hall and Sarnighausen.
On Reformatory Institutions--Messrs. Beeson, Oliver, Taylor, Scott, Bird, Francisco and Daugherty.
On Emigration and Statistics--Messrs. Haworth, Collett, Neff, Miller, Hall, Cave and Sarnighausen.
On Insurance--Messrs. Daggy, Oliver, Orr, Scott, Williams, Slater and Bowman.
On Railroads--Messrs. Brown, Dwiggins, Sleeth, Gooding, Bird, Rosebrugh and Dittemore.
Mr. O'BRIEN moved that the joint resolution [H. R. 2.] agreeing to and adopting a joint resolution passed by the last General Assembly, proposing an amendment to the Constitution by adding to the ninth article a section in relation to the debt charged upon the Wabash and Erie Canal, be taken from the table and put upon its passage.
Mr. DAGGY apprehended that the action proposed now would be premature. If this resolution be passed no other reform of the kind can be proposed this session except the calling of a Convention to amend the Constitution. His impression was that this resolution had better be passed over for the time being, until it is decided what is best to do. Whether it is better to call a Constitutional Convention or propose further amendments to the Constitution in this way.
Mr. BROWN made the point that the passage of this resolution, notwithstanding it may be in the very words of the resolution passed at the last session, would not fill the requirements of the Constitution ; but the resolution itself, passed two years ago, must be brought from the Secretary of State's office and put upon its passage here. The identical resolution must pass both of these Houses, and have entered upon it the action of respective bodies, for the purpose of authenticating the fact that the identical resolution passed this General Assembly; and for the purpose of ascertaining whether he was right or not, he moved to refer this resolution to the Committee on Judiciary.
Mr. GREGG fully concurred in the opinion expressed by the Senator from Jackson [Mr. Brown] as to what the Constitution requires, and so believing he introduced a resolution the other day calling upon the Secretary of State to furnish the Senate with a certified copy of the joint resolution passed last session. He was inclined to think the original copy would be the proper thing for this General Assembly to pass. This is a matter of too much importance to work at with too much haste. There was too much haste in this matter two years ago, and he was sorry to say that the Secretary's journals are in a bad shape. He favored the motion to refer.
Mr. STEELE preferred the motion to refer, and opposed haste, inasmuch as this matter is of very great importance; perhaps of more importance than anything that will be before us this session.
Mr. BROWN said the reason he was careful about this matter is this, for some page: 53[View Page 53]strange and singular reason to him entirely unknown, one of the plainest provisions of the Constitution of the State was disregarded on the part of the Secretary of the Senate and the Clerk of the House of Representatives. Neither of these gentlemen seemed to understand that it was their duty to spread this amendment, with the yeas and nays thereon, upon the journals of each House. This, for a time, was thought to be a great misfortune to the State, but on investigation we find that part of the Constitution was merely advisory. The Supreme Court has decided that the enrolled copy lodged with the Secretary of State, having upon it the signatures of the presiding officers of both Houses, is a higher character of evidence than the journals of either or both Houses, and that sound and sensible decision saves this constitutional amendment, if the State makes no further blunders.
Mr. SLEETH asked what evidence the Senate had that this resolution ever passed the body. The journal of this House doesn't show it. There is not a word on the journal of this House in regard to this resolution.
Mr. O'BRIEN fully concurred in the opinion that the resolution should be passed, and not a substitute for it; therefore, he favored the motion to refer.
Mr. DWIGGINS, being informed that the Secretary of State, in answer to an order adopted the other day, has furnished the Senate with a certified copy of the resolution, moved that it also be referred to the committee.
The motion to refer was agreed to.
The following bills were read the second time and referred to appropriate committees, except as otherwise stated :
No. 1. To repeal charter of the Kankakee Drainage Company.
To the Committee on Corporations.
No. 2. Authorizing the incorporation of banks of discount and deposit.
To the same committee.
No. 3. On the organization and perpetuity of volunteer associations.
To the Committee on the Judiciary.
No. 4. To provide for the collection of taxes on bank stock.
To the Committee on Banks.
No 5. To require railroad companies to issue stock paid for by taxation.
To the Committee on Corporations.
No. 6. To regulate freight and passenger tariffs on railroads.
Laid on the table and 200 copies ordered printed
No. 7. To repeal the act authorizing counties and townships to aid railroad companies by subscriptions to stock or donations.
To the Committee on Railroads.
No. 8. To provide for holding courts in the 25th Common Pleas District.
To the Committee on Organization of Courts.
No. 9. Fixing salaries of Judges.
To the Committee on Fees and Salaries.
No. 10. To authorize the collection of an ad valorem tax on all property subject to State and county taxation, including stock of joint companies.
To the Committee on Corporations.
No. 11. To fix time of holding Circuit Courts in the Twelfth Judicial Circuit.
To a Special Committee composed of Senators Cave, Williams and Carnahan.
No. 12. To give a right of action to any person suffering damages through the act of any intoxicated person.
To the Committee on Temperance.
No. 14. To compel mortgagers to enter satisfaction of mortgage when paid.
To the Committee on the Judiciary.
No. 15. To require railroad companies to maintain their principal office in the State, etc.
To the Committee on the Judiciary.
And then the Senate adjourned till tomorrow morning at ten o'clock.


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Jason Adams is a meteorologist at NBC25 and can been seen every morning Monday thru Friday from 5–7 am on NBC25 Today.
Check out the latest weather forecast for Mid-Michigan, Flint, Saginaw, Bay City, Midland from NBC25 Meteorologist Jason Adams.
Our next round of wintry weather begins later this afternoon. Snow mixed with some sleet will change over to all snow, and begin to pile up overnight. Click on the video for your forecast details.


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Billig logi Europa Spanien Las Palmas de Gran Canaria
Cruise Day 24 – Las Palmas
Day 83 Tuesday 7 December - "Cruise Day 24 – Las Palmas" An uneventful night at sea and we arrived at Las Palmas de Gran Canaria in brilliant sunshine at 11 am. A surprisingly busy and extensive port. The Cunnard Queen Elisabeth was docked on one side and we occupied the other side of the main ...
Posted in 2010 World Trip by greynomadm
A wonderful trip to Gran Canaria
, I took the day to visit the historical quarter of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria called Vegueta ...
Posted in A wonderful trip to Gran Canaria by deholiday
EPISODE TWELVE: Las Palmas- Gran Canaria
Palmas, Gran Canaria. The island group is managed by Spain and after all the Italian fare on the ship we ...
Posted in MILNERTON TO MILAN by L and H


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This hotel is accessed by the hotel boat and literally takes a few minutes. The boat service is very frequent and 24 hours. The beach is private and is not accessed by the public which is great. The beach is very clean and stretches for a couple of miles. There are no beach boys and sellers of goods so you... More
- Also Known As:
- Ceysands Hotel Bentota


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This bundle includes: Green LeapPad1™ learning tablet French version, Cars2 Ultra eBook cartridge, Explorer Mr. Pencil game cartridge in French, a free gel skin and a blue camo LeapPad case.
The original LeapPad1 Explorer™, the personalized learning tablet just for kids, features:
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• For children ages 3 to 9 years.
Explorer Ultra eBook Cars2 – French Version
The wheel-blazing adventures of Mater and Lightning McQueen come to life on every page of this Ultra eBook! This digital story is written at 3 levels – from simple text to more complex words and sentences. Reading levels adjust automatically for just the right challenge. Story text written for LeapPad1/LeapPad2™ reading levels 2-4. Cars 2 Ultra eBook experience designed for Pre-K to 1st grade.
See the story animate and touch words to hear them sounded out! Play learning games to help Cars 2 friends caught up in a top-secret spy mission!
Teaches: Listening & reading comprehension, Vocabulary skills, Phonics skills and Word recognition
Works only with LeapPad1 and LeapPad2™ tablets.
Mr Pencil Explorer Cartridge – French version
Learn how to write letters and numbers and create art as you help Mr. Pencil and his friends save the town!Teaches number writing, letter writing, shapes and art and drawing.
Help save the town by writing letters and drawing lines, shapes and objects.
Create your own art using cool tools, colours, filters, stamps and effects.
Become an animator by creating your own flip book.
Protect your LeapPad1 learning tablet and take learning fun on the go! Use this stylish case to hold LeapPad1 and 6 game cartridges.
Express yourself with this protective green gel skin for your LeapPad1 learning tablet! The gel skin is free!
Disney•Pixar elements © Disney•Pixar
LeapFrog Connect allows you and your children to engage in several important features of your connected LeapFrog toys. Our French LeapPad tablet works with the French version of LeapFrog Connect, which runs on Windows XP and above.


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If i see you in my dreams - 04 Sub Spanish.divx
Direct download link (.avi file). Can't watch this? Download the DivX Plus Web Player for Windows or for Mac! Not working? Troubleshoot!
Added September 26, 2008Video Info
By: | sasuke1720 |
Category: | Animation |
Length: | 6:30 |
Resolution: | 640 x 480 |
Filesize: | 37 MB |
Language: | Japanese |
Viewed: | 2851 times |
Capitulo: 04 - Como un hombre
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Riverside Road, Kampong Bye, Kampot
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Interested in Breaux Bridge?
We'll send you updates with the latest deals, reviews and articles for Breaux Bridge each week.
| Read more about Breaux Bridge travel! TripAdvisor's Tourism page has the web's best articles on Breaux Bridge travel. Our Breaux Bridge hotels page presents hotels ranked by popularity - read traveller reviews and guide books. Looking for things to do in Breaux Bridge? Try our Attractions page! TripAdvisor's Breaux Bridge restaurants page shows you the best local places to eat out. Visit our Breaux Bridge forum page to ask questions and get advice about Breaux Bridge travel. TripAdvisor forums let you ask questions and get advice - post in our Breaux Bridge forum. Our Maps, etc. page has maps and other travel information. Book flights to Breaux Bridge on our Flights page. |


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Assembly Required: Yes | Product Type: Changing table |
Product Warranty: 30 days limited | ISTA 3A Certified: Yes |
Tools Needed: Screwdriver | Hardware Finish: Gold |
Material: Manufactured wood | Material Details: Hardboard |
Hardware Material: Zinc | CPSIA or CPSC Compliant: Yes |
Number of Items Included: 3 | Pieces Included: Table, changing pad and strap |
ASTM Compliant: Yes | Non Toxic: Yes |
Strap Included: Yes | Finished Back: Yes |
Recommended Age: 0-36 months | Safety Rail: Yes |
Number of Safety Rails: 4 | Changing Pad Included: Yes |
Changing Pad Material: PEVA vinyl and polyurethane foam | Changing Pad Color: White |
Reversible: Yes | Exterior Shelves: Yes |
Number of Exterior Shelves: 2 | Weight Capacity: 30 Pounds |
Eco-Friendly: Yes | Product Care: Wipe clean as needed and dry thoroughly |
Badger Basket Sleigh Style Baby Changing Table
I really like the table N from Tennessee I really am happy with my order of the baby changing table. It is great and I really like the style and quality of the table. |
Changing Table Mika from North Carolina This is a pretty changing table, and has worked well in our guest room. The screws were very poor quality so it made assembly difficult. |
Great price, nice look, good quality! Latiesha from GA– Verified Buyer This is a very nice changing table. I love the look of it & the price was really good for the quality of the table. I love it. |
Nice but hard to put together. Jaime Tilton from Zanesville, OH– Verified Buyer The changing table looks good, but it was extremely hard to put together and a large piece of the wood broke off one of the rails. Would not recommend this to anyone. |
Quality and Multi-Purpose Abby Johnson from Saint Charles, IA– Verified Buyer This table was a good buy. Assembly was a bit tricky with only one person. Good storage space on shelves. |
Great Changing Table Glenn Powell from Hesperia, CA– Verified Buyer I would definitely recommend this changing table to a friend or anyone interested in this item. It was very easy to assemble and extremely sturdy once put together. The changing table pad is a bit thin but those are easy and cheap enough to get another that it didn't bother me in the slightest. |
very handy Brittany from Stony Plain, AB– Verified Buyer This product is very handing and easy to put together |
Love this change table! J from Canada We love our change table!!! Assembly was fairly easy (took about 30 - 40 minutes) and came with good instructions. It is a very elegant looking change table for a great price. |
nice table first time mom from washington I was looking for a changing tablen that would watch the crib that was bought for us. they were different brands but the ended up matching both in style and color perfect. the assembly was a little difficult took me an hour to do it myself but I really enjoy the table it is just want I wanted. |
mostly pleased with it overall whittybrooke from Alabama– Verified Buyer I ordered this because I was able to get a good price and also it was the perfect color to match our bedroom suite. (which is where we had room to put one) As for the cons, the screws were a little hard to get in and the shelves didn't seem to want to line up easily. Also one of the plastic inserts broke off while trying to put together. There were a couple of scratches/dents but nothing major enough to return it for. Once it was assembled it looks nice and seems to be sturdy enough. For the price, etc it was just what we needed I think! |


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Mr. Dwiggin's bill [S. 32] to legalize the sale of Seminary lands in Jasper county to Marion L. Spitler and Margaret Stackhouse, was read the third time and pissed by yeas 38, nays 0, with amendment of title striking out the words "and declaring an emergency."
Mr. Taylor's bill [S. 16], authorizing suits to be brought in partnership name only in certain cases, and declaring the effect thereof, was read the third time and passed the Senate by yeas 39, nays 0.
Mr. Cave's bill [S. 37], to amend section 47 of the act of June 17, 1852, to provide for the opening, vacating and change of highways, was read the third time.
Mr. Cave explained that the only change this page: 104[View Page 104] bill proposes is to allow viewers and reviewers $2 per day instead of $1, as the law now is.
The bill passed the Senate by yeas 36, nays 2.