text:
14.2 Filesystem
14.2.1 Locating Paths
(find-system-path kind) → path? |
kind : symbol? |
Returns a machine-specific path for a standard type of path specified by kind, which must be one of the following:
'home-dir – the current user's home directory.
Under Unix and Mac OS X, this directory is determined by expanding the path "~", which is expanded by first checking for a HOME environment variable. If none is defined, the USER and LOGNAME environment variables are consulted (in that order) to find a user name, and then system files are consulted to locate the user's home directory.
Under Windows, the user's home directory is the user-specific profile directory as determined by the Windows registry. If the registry cannot provide a directory for some reason, the value of the USERPROFILE environment variable is used instead, as long as it refers to a directory that exists. If USERPROFILE also fails, the directory is the one specified by the HOMEDRIVE and HOMEPATH environment variables. If those environment variables are not defined, or if the indicated directory still does not exist, the directory containing the current executable is used as the home directory.
'pref-dir – the standard directory for storing the current user's preferences. Under Unix, the directory is ".plt-scheme" in the user's home directory. Under Windows, it is "PLT Scheme" in the user's application-data folder as specified by the Windows registry; the application-data folder is usually "Application Data" in the user's profile directory. Under Mac OS X, it is "Library/Preferences" in the user's home directory. This directory might not exist.
'pref-file – a file that contains a symbol-keyed association list of preference values. The file's directory path always matches the result returned for 'pref-dir. The file name is "plt-prefs.ss" under Unix and Windows, and it is "org.plt-scheme.prefs.ss" under Mac OS X. The file's directory might not exist. See also get-preference.
'temp-dir – the standard directory for storing temporary files. Under Unix and Mac OS X, this is the directory specified by the TMPDIR environment variable, if it is defined, otherwise it is the first path that exists among "/var/tmp", "/usr/tmp", and "/tmp". Under Windows, the result is the directory specified by the TMP or TEMP environment variable, if it is defined, otherwise it is the current directory.
'init-dir – the directory containing the initialization file used by stand-alone mzscheme executable. It is the same as the current user's home directory.
'init-file – the file loaded at start-up by the stand-alone mzscheme executable. The directory part of the path is the same path as returned for 'init-dir. The file name is platform-specific:
'addon-dir – a directory for installing PLT Scheme extensions. It's the same as 'pref-dir, except under Mac OS X, where it is "Library/PLT Scheme" in the user's home directory. This directory might not exist.
'doc-dir – the standard directory for storing the current user's documents. Under Unix, it's the same as 'home-dir. Under Mac OS X, it's the "Documents" directory in the user's home directory. Under Windows, it is the user's documents folder as specified by the Windows registry; the documents folder is usually "My Documents" in the user's home directory.
'desk-dir – the directory for the current user's desktop. Under Unix, it's the same as 'home-dir. Under Windows, it is the user's desktop folder as specified by the Windows registry; the documents folder is usually "Desktop" in the user's home directory. Under Mac OS X, it is the desktop directory, which is specifically "~/Desktop" under Mac OS X.
'sys-dir – the directory containing the operating system for Windows. Under Unix and Mac OS X, the result is "/".
'exec-file – the path of the mzscheme executable as provided by the operating system for the current invocation.
For MrEd, the executable path is the name of a MrEd executable.
'run-file – the path of the current executable; this may be different from result for 'exec-file because an alternate path was provided through a --name or -N command-line flag to the mzscheme (or mred) executable, or because an embedding executable installed an alternate path. In particular a "launcher" script created by make-mzscheme-launcher sets this path to the script's path. In the mzscheme executable, this path is also bound initially to program.
'collects-dir – a path to the main collection of libraries (see Libraries and Collections). If this path is relative, then it is relative to the executable as reported by (find-system-path 'exec-file) – though the latter could be a soft-link or relative to the user's executable search path, so that the two results should be combined with find-executable-path. The 'collects-dir path is normally embedded in the mzscheme executable, but it can be overridden by the --collects or -X command-line flag.
'orig-dir – the current directory at start-up, which can be useful in converting a relative-path result from (find-system-path 'exec-file) or (find-system-path 'run-file) to a complete path.
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→ (listof path?) | ||||||||
str : (or/c string? bytes?) | ||||||||
default-path-list : (listof path?) |
Parses a string or byte string containing a list of paths, and returns a list of path strings. Under Unix and Mac OS X, paths in a path list are separated by a :; under Windows, paths are separated by a ;. Whenever the path list contains an empty path, the list default-path-list is spliced into the returned list of paths. Parts of str that do not form a valid path are not included in the returned list.
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program-sub : path-string? | |||||||||||||||||||||
related-sub : (or/c path-string? #f) = #f | |||||||||||||||||||||
deepest? : any/c = #f |
Finds a path for the executable program-sub, returning #f if the path cannot be found.
If related-sub is not #f, then it must be a relative path string, and the path found for program-sub must be such that the file or directory related-sub exists in the same directory as the executable. The result is then the full path for the found related-sub, instead of the path for the executable.
This procedure is used by the mzscheme executable to find the standard library collection directory (see Libraries and Collections). In this case, program is the name used to start MzScheme and related is "collects". The related-sub argument is used because, under Unix and Mac OS X, program-sub may involve to a sequence of soft links; in this case, related-sub determines which link in the chain is relevant.
If related-sub is not #f, then when find-executable-path does not finds a program-sub that is a link to another file path, the search can continue with the destination of the link. Further links are inspected until related-sub is found or the end of the chain of links is reached. If deepest? is #f (the default), then the result corresponds to the first path in a chain of links for which related-sub is found (and further links are not actually explored); otherwise, the result corresponds to the last link in the chain for which related-sub is found.
If program-sub is a pathless name, find-executable-path gets the value of the PATH environment variable; if this environment variable is defined, find-executable-path tries each path in PATH as a prefix for program-sub using the search algorithm described above for path-containing program-subs. If the PATH environment variable is not defined, program-sub is prefixed with the current directory and used in the search algorithm above. (Under Windows, the current directory is always implicitly the first item in PATH, so find-executable-path checks the current directory first under Windows.)
14.2.2 Files
(file-exists? path) → boolean? |
path : path-string? |
Returns #t if a file (not a directory) path exists, #f otherwise.
Under Windows, file-exists? reports #t for all variations of the special filenames (e.g., "LPT1", "x:/baddir/LPT1").
(link-exists? path) → boolean? |
path : path-string? |
Returns #t if a link path exists (Unix and Mac OS X), #f otherwise.
The predicates file-exists? or directory-exists? work on the final destination of a link or series of links, while link-exists? only follows links to resolve the base part of path (i.e., everything except the last name in the path).
This procedure never raises the exn:fail:filesystem exception.
(delete-file path) → void? |
path : path-string? |
Deletes the file with path path if it exists, otherwise the exn:fail:filesystem exception is raised. If path is a link, the link is deleted rather than the destination of the link.
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old : path-string? | |||||||||||||||||||||
new : path-string? | |||||||||||||||||||||
exists-ok? : any/c = #f |
Renames the file or directory with path old – if it exists – to the path new. If the file or directory is not renamed successfully, the exn:fail:filesystem exception is raised.
This procedure can be used to move a file/directory to a different directory (on the same disk) as well as rename a file/directory within a directory. Unless exists-ok? is provided as a true value, new cannot refer to an existing file or directory. Even if exists-ok? is true, new cannot refer to an existing file when old is a directory, and vice versa. (If new exists and is replaced, the replacement is atomic in the filesystem, except under Windows 95, 98, or Me. However, the check for existence is not included in the atomic action, which means that race conditions are possible when exists-ok? is false or not supplied.)
If old is a link, the link is renamed rather than the destination of the link, and it counts as a file for replacing any existing new.
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path : path-string? | |||||||||||||||||||||
secs-n : (or/c exact-integer? #f) = #f | |||||||||||||||||||||
Returns the file or directory's last modification date as platform-specific seconds (see also Time) when secs-n is not provided or is #f. (For FAT filesystems under Windows, directories do not have modification dates. Therefore, the creation date is returned for a directory, but the modification date is returned for a file.)
If secs-n is provided and not #f, the access and modification times of path are set to the given time.
On error (e.g., if no such file exists), fail-thunk is called, and the default fail-thunk raises exn:fail:filesystem.
(file-or-directory-permissions path) → (listof symbol?) |
path : path-string? |
Returns a list containing 'read, 'write, and/or 'execute for the given file or directory path. On error (e.g., if no such file exists), the exn:fail:filesystem exception is raised. Under Unix and Mac OS X, permissions are checked for the current effective user instead of the real user.
(file-size path) → exact-nonnegative-integer? |
path : path-string? |
Returns the (logical) size of the specified file in bytes. Under Mac OS X, this size excludes the resource-fork size. On error (e.g., if no such file exists), the exn:fail:filesystem exception is raised.
(copy-file src dest) → void? |
src : path-string? |
dest : path-string? |
Creates the file dest as a copy of src. If the file is not successfully copied, the exn:fail:filesystem exception is raised. If dest already exists, the copy will fail. File permissions are preserved in the copy. Under Mac OS X, the resource fork is also preserved in the copy. If src refers to a link, the target of the link is copied, rather than the link itself.
(make-file-or-directory-link to path) → void? |
to : path-string? |
path : path-string? |
Creates a link path to to under Unix and Mac OS X. The creation will fail if path already exists. The to need not refer to an existing file or directory, and to is not expanded before writing the link. If the link is not created successfully,the exn:fail:filesystem exception is raised. Under Windows, the exn:fail:unsupported exception is raised always.
14.2.3 Directories
See also: rename-file-or-directory, file-or-directory-modify-seconds, file-or-directory-permissions.
(current-directory) → path-string? |
(current-directory path) → void? |
path : path-string? |
A parameter that determines the current directory for resolving relative paths.
When the parameter procedure is called to set the current directory, the path argument is cleansed using cleanse-path, simplified using simplify-path, and then converted to a directory path with path->directory-path; cleansing and simplification raise an exception if the path is ill-formed. Thus, the current value of current-directory is always a cleansed, simplified, complete, directory path.
The path is not checked for existence when the parameter is set.
(current-drive) → path? |
Returns the current drive name Windows. For other platforms, the exn:fail:unsupported exception is raised. The current drive is always the drive of the current directory.
(directory-exists? path) → boolean? |
path : path-string? |
Returns #t if path refers to a directory, #f otherwise.
(make-directory path) → void? |
path : path-string? |
Creates a new directory with the path path. If the directory is not created successfully, the exn:fail:filesystem exception is raised.
(delete-directory path) → void? |
path : path-string? |
Deletes an existing directory with the path path. If the directory is not deleted successfully, the exn:fail:filesystem exception is raised.
(directory-list [path]) → (listof path?) |
path : path-string? = (current-directory) |
Returns a list of all files and directories in the directory specified by path. If path is omitted, a list of files and directories in the current directory is returned. Under Unix and Mac OS X, an element of the list can start with ./~ if it would otherwise start with ~. Under Windows, an element of the list may start with \\?\REL\\.
(filesystem-root-list) → (listof path?) |
Returns a list of all current root directories. Obtaining this list can be particularly slow under Windows.
14.2.4 Declaring Paths Needed at Run Time
(require scheme/runtime-path) |
The bindings documented in this section are provided by the scheme/runtime-path library, not scheme/base or scheme.
The scheme/runtime-path library provides forms for accessing files and directories at run time using a path that are usually relative to an enclosing source file. Unlike using collection-path, define-runtime-path exposes each run-time path to tools like the executable and distribution creators, so that files and directories needed at run time are carried along in a distribution.
In addition to the bindings described below, scheme/runtime-path provides #%datum in phase level 1, since string constants are often used as compile-time expression with define-runtime-path.
(define-runtime-path id expr) |
Uses expr as both a compile-time (i.e., phase 1) expression and a run-time (i.e., phase 0) expression. In either context, expr should produce a path, a string that represents a path, a list of the form (list 'lib str ), or a list of the form (list 'so str).
For run time, id is bound to a path that is based on the result of expr. The path is normally computed by taking a relative path result from expr and adding it to a path for the enclosing file (which is computed as described below). However, tools like the executable creator can also arrange (by colluding with scheme/runtime-path) to have a different base path substituted in a generated executable. If expr produces an absolute path, it is normally returned directly, but again may be replaced by an executable creator. In all cases, the executable creator preserves the relative locations of all paths. When expr produces a relative or absolute path, then the path bound to id is always an absolute path.
If expr produces a list of the form (list 'lib str ), the value bound to id is an absolute path. The path refers to a collection-based file similar to using the value as a module path.
If expr produces a list of the form (list 'so str), the value bound to id can be either str or an absolute path; it is an absolute path when adding the platform-specific shared-library extension – as produced by (system-type 'so-suffix) – and then searching in the PLT-specific shared-object library directories (as determined by get-lib-search-dirs) locates the path. In this way, shared-object libraries that are installed specifically for PLT Scheme get carried along in distributions.
For compile-time, the expr result is used by an executable creator – but not the result when the containing module is compiled. Instead, expr is preserved in the module as a compile-time expression (in the sense of begin-for-syntax). Later, at the time that an executable is created, the compile-time portion of the module is executed (again), and the result of expr is the file to be included with the executable. The reason for the extra compile-time execution is that the result of expr might be platform-dependent, so the result should not be stored in the (platform-independent) bytecode form of the module; the platform at executable-creation time, however, is the same as at run time for the executable. Note that expr is still evaluated at run-time; consequently, avoid procedures like collection-path, which depends on the source installation, and instead use relative paths and forms like (list 'lib str ).
If a path is needed only on some platforms and not on others, use define-runtime-path-list with an expr that produces an empty list on platforms where the path is not needed.
The enclosing path for a define-runtime-path is determined as follows from the define-runtime-path syntactic form:
If the form has a source module according to syntax-source-module, then the source location is determined by preserving the original expression as a syntax object, extracting its source module path at run time (again using syntax-source-module), and then resolving the resulting module path index.
If the expression has no source module, the syntax-source location associated with the form is used, if is a string or path.
If no source module is available, and syntax-source produces no path, then current-load-relative-directory is used if it is not #f. Finally, current-directory is used if all else fails.
In the latter two cases, the path is normally preserved in (platform-specific) byte form. If it is is within the result of find-collects-dir, however, it the path is recorded relative to (find-collects-dir), and it is reconstructed using (find-collects-dir) at run time.
; Access a file "data.txt" at run-time that is originally |
; located in the same directory as the module source file: |
(define-runtime-path data-file "data.txt") |
(define (read-data) |
(with-input-from-file data-file |
(lambda () |
(read-bytes (file-size data-file))))) |
; Load a platform-specific shared object (using ffi-lib) |
; that is located in a platform-specific sub-directory of the |
; module's source directory: |
(define-runtime-path libfit-path |
(build-path "compiled" "native" (system-library-subpath #f) |
(path-replace-suffix "libfit" |
(system-type 'so-suffix)))) |
(define libfit (ffi-lib libfit-path)) |
; Load a platform-specific shared object that might be installed |
; as part of the operating system, or might be installed |
; specifically for PLT Scheme: |
(define-runtime-path libssl-so |
(case (system-type) |
[(windows) '(so "ssleay32")] |
[else '(so "libssl")])) |
(define libssl (ffi-lib libssl-so)) |
(define-runtime-paths (id ) expr) |
Like define-runtime-path, but declares and binds multiple paths at once. The expr should produce as many values as ids.
(define-runtime-path-list id expr) |
Like define-runtime-path, but expr should produce a list of paths.
(define-runtime-module-path id module-path) |
Similar to define-runtime-path, but id is bound to a resolved module path. The resolved module path for id corresponds to module-path (with the same syntax as a module path for require), which can be relative to the enclosing module.
Use define-runtime-module-path to bind a module path that is passed to a reflective function like dynamic-require while also creating a module dependency for building and distributing executables.
The define-runtime-module-path form creates a for-label dependency from an enclosing module to module-path. Since the dependency is merely for-label, module-path is not instantiated or visited when the enclosing module is instantiated or visited (unless such a dependency is created by other requires).
(runtime-paths module-path) |
This form is mainly for use by tools such as executable builders. It expands to a quoted list containing the run-time paths declared by module-path, returning the compile-time results of the declaration exprs, except that paths are converted to byte strings. The enclosing module must require (directly or indirectly) the module specified by module-path, which is an unquoted module path. The resulting list does not include module paths bound through define-runtime-module-path.
14.2.5 More File and Directory Utilities
(require scheme/file) |
The bindings documented in this section are provided by the scheme/file and scheme libraries, but not scheme/base.
(file->string path [#:mode mode-flag]) → string? |
path : path-string? |
mode-flag : (or/c 'binary 'text) = 'binary |
Reads all characters from path and returns them as a string. The mode-flag argument is the same as for open-input-file.
(file->bytes path [#:mode mode-flag]) → bytes? |
path : path-string? |
mode-flag : (or/c 'binary 'text) = 'binary |
Reads all characters from path and returns them as a byte string. The mode-flag argument is the same as for open-input-file.
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path : path-string? | |||||||||||||||||||||
mode-flag : (or/c 'binary 'text) = 'binary | |||||||||||||||||||||
Read all characters from path, breaking them into lines. The line-mode argument is the same as the second argument to read-line, but the default is 'any instead of 'linefeed. The mode-flag argument is the same as for open-input-file.
(file->value path [#:mode mode-flag]) → bytes? |
path : path-string? |
mode-flag : (or/c 'binary 'text) = 'binary |
Reads a single S-expression from path using read. The mode-flag argument is the same as for open-input-file.
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path : path-string? | |||||||||||||||||||||
mode-flag : (or/c 'binary 'text) = 'binary | |||||||||||||||||||||
Like file->lines, but reading bytes and collecting them into lines like read-bytes-line.
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v : any/c | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
path : path-string? | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
mode-flag : (or/c 'binary 'text) = 'binary | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Uses display to print v to path. The mode-flag and exists-flag arguments are the same as for open-output-file.
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v : any/c | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
path : path-string? | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
mode-flag : (or/c 'binary 'text) = 'binary | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Like display-to-file, but using write instead of display.
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lst : list? | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
path : path-string? | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
separator : any/c = #"\n" | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
mode-flag : (or/c 'binary 'text) = 'binary | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Displays each element of lst to path, adding separator after each element. The mode-flag and exists-flag arguments are the same as for open-output-file.
(copy-directory/files src dest) → void? |
src : path-string? |
dest : path-string? |
Copies the file or directory src to dest, raising exn:fail:filesystem if the file or directory cannot be copied, possibly because dest exists already. If src is a directory, the copy applies recursively to the directory's content. If a source is a link, the target of the link is copied rather than the link itself.
(delete-directory/files path) → void? |
path : path-string? |
Deletes the file or directory specified by path, raising exn:fail:filesystem if the file or directory cannot be deleted. If path is a directory, then delete-directory/files is first applied to each file and directory in path before the directory is deleted.
(find-files predicate [start-path]) → (listof path?) |
predicate : (path? . -> . any/c) |
start-path : (or/c path-string? #f) = #f |
Traverses the filesystem starting at start-path and creates a list of all files and directories for which predicate returns true. If start-path is #f, then the traversal starts from (current-directory). In the resulting list, each directory precedes its content.
The predicate procedure is called with a single argument for each file or directory. If start-path is #f, the argument is a pathname string that is relative to the current directory. Otherwise, it is a path building on start-path. Consequently, supplying (current-directory) for start-path is different from supplying #f, because predicate receives complete paths in the former case and relative paths in the latter. Another difference is that predicate is not called for the current directory when start-path is #f.
The find-files traversal follows soft links. To avoid following links, use the more general fold-files procedure.
If start-path does not refer to an existing file or directory, then predicate will be called exactly once with start-path as the argument.
The find-files procedure raises and exception if it encounters a directory for which directory-list fails.
(pathlist-closure path-list) → (listof path?) |
path-list : (listof path-string?) |
Given a list of paths, either absolute or relative to the current directory, returns a list such that
if a nested path is given, all of its ancestors are also included in the result (but the same ancestor is not added twice);
if a path refers to directory, all of its descendants are also included in the result;
ancestor directories appear before their descendants in the result list.
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init-val : any/c | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
start-path : (or/c path-string? #f) = #f | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
follow-links? : any/c = #t |
Traverses the filesystem starting at start-path, calling proc on each discovered file, directory, and link. If start-path is #f, then the traversal starts from (current-directory).
The proc procedure is called with three arguments for each file, directory, or link:
If start-path is #f, the first argument is a pathname string that is relative to the current directory. Otherwise, the first argument is a pathname that starts with start-path. Consequently, supplying (current-directory) for start-path is different from supplying #f, because proc receives complete paths in the former case and relative paths in the latter. Another difference is that proc is not called for the current directory when start-path is #f.
The second argument is a symbol, either 'file, 'dir, or 'link. The second argument can be 'link when follow-links? is #f, in which case the filesystem traversal does not follow links. If follow-links? is #t, then proc will only get a 'link as a second argument when it encounters a dangling symbolic link (one that does not resolve to an existing file or directory).
The third argument is the accumulated result. For the first call to proc, the third argument is init-val. For the second call to proc (if any), the third argument is the result from the first call, and so on. The result of the last call to proc is the result of fold-files.
The proc argument is used in an analogous way to the procedure argument of foldl, where its result is used as the new accumulated result. There is an exception for the case of a directory (when the second argument is 'dir): in this case the procedure may return two values, the second indicating whether the recursive scan should include the given directory or not. If it returns a single value, the directory is scanned.
If the start-path is provided but no such path exists, or if paths disappear during the scan, then an exception is raised.
(make-directory* path) → void? |
path : path-string? |
Creates directory specified by path, creating intermediate directories as necessary.
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template : string? = "mztmp~a" | |||||||||||||||||||||
copy-from-filename : (or/c path-string? #f 'directory) = #f | |||||||||||||||||||||
directory : (or/c path-string? #f) = #f |
Creates a new temporary file and returns a pathname string for the file. Instead of merely generating a fresh file name, the file is actually created; this prevents other threads or processes from picking the same temporary name.
The template argument must be a format string suitable for use with format and one additional string argument (where the string contains only digits). If the resulting string is a relative path, it is combined with the result of (find-system-path 'temp-dir), unless directory is provided and non-#f, in which case the file name generated from template is combined with directory to obtain a full path.
If copy-from-filename is provided as path, the temporary file is created as a copy of the named file (using copy-file). If copy-from-filename is #f, the temporary file is created as empty. If copy-from-filename is 'directory, then the temporary "file" is created as a directory.
When a temporary file is created, it is not opened for reading or writing when the pathname is returned. The client program calling make-temporary-file is expected to open the file with the desired access and flags (probably using the 'truncate flag; see open-output-file) and to delete it when it is no longer needed.
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name : symbol? | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
failure-thunk : (-> any) = (lambda () #f) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
flush-mode : any/c = 'timestamp | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
filename : (or/c string-path? #f) = #f |
Extracts a preference value from the file designated by (find-system-path 'pref-file), or by filename if it is provided and is not #f. In the former case, if the preference file doesn't exist, get-preferences attempts to read a "plt-prefs.ss" file in the "defaults" collection, instead. If neither file exists, the preference set is empty.
The preference file should contain a symbol-keyed association list (written to the file with the default parameter settings). Keys starting with mzscheme:, mred:, and plt: in any letter case are reserved for use by PLT.
The result of get-preference is the value associated with name if it exists in the association list, or the result of calling failure-thunk otherwise.
Preference settings are cached (weakly) across calls to get-preference, using (path->complete-path filename) as a cache key. If flush-mode is provided as #f, the cache is used instead of the re-consulting the preferences file. If flush-mode is provided as 'timestamp (the default), then the cache is used only if the file has a timestamp that is the same as the last time the file was read. Otherwise, the file is re-consulted.
See also put-preferences. For a more elaborate preference system, see preferences:get.
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names : (listof symbol?) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
vals : list? | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
locked-proc : (path? . -> . any) = (lambda (p) (error ....)) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
filename : (or/c #f path-string?) = #f |
Installs a set of preference values and writes all current values to the preference file designated by (find-system-path 'pref-file), or filename if it is supplied and not #f.
The names argument supplies the preference names, and vals must have the same length as names. Each element of vals must be an instance of a built-in data type whose write output is readable (i.e., the print-unreadable parameter is set to #f while writing preferences).
Current preference values are read from the preference file before updating, and an update "lock" is held starting before the file read, and lasting until after the preferences file is updated. The lock is implemented by the existence of a file in the same directory as the preference file. If the directory of the preferences file does not already exist, it is created.
If the update lock is already held (i.e., the lock file exists), then locked is called with a single argument: the path of the lock file. The default locked reports an error; an alternative thunk might wait a while and try again, or give the user the choice to delete the lock file (in case a previous update attempt encountered disaster).
If filename is #f or not supplied, and the preference file does not already exist, then values read from the "defaults" collection (if any) are written for preferences that are not mentioned in names.


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Do you know anyone who has a food intolerance? who has to avoid dairy or wheat? These are every day problems which newspapers and magazines have written about over the last ten to fifteen years. But what about energy? Is it possible to be over sensitive to energy? Well, yes it is possible and there is something you can do about it.
First of all, how do you know if you are too sensitive to energy? Well, all of us are sensitive to energy – we all withdraw ourselves into a cocoon in public spaces to insulate ourselves from everyone else.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
You know what? Screw hiding what it is. I'll just outright say it since I doubt the artist cares whether or not I give it away now.
I opened up E3 with a big announcement of "Blue (Da Ba Dee).
I'm closing it by announcing I've almost finished acquiring the rights for "Go Go Power Rangers".
Happy E3 everyone.


text:
These historic gardens comprise the northern side of Will Rogers Park, one of the city's oldest park properties. The Gardens are home to the Ed Lycan Conservatory, the Charles E. Sparks Rose Garden, the Margaret Annis Boys Arboretum and the Will Rogers Garden Exhibition Center, home to the Oklahoma City Council of Garden Clubs.
The Will Rogers Gardens offer beautiful vistas throughout its rambling trails and walkways. Dense landscaping provides a riot of color throughout the year. |
The Will Rogers Gardens are operated and maintained by the Botanical Gardens Division of the Parks & Recreation Department. While at the Gardens, visitors can wander along winding paths where botanical delights await at every turn. Along the Gardens' walkways visitors are surrounded by thousands of roses, irises, azaleas, daylilies and peonies, among other colorful flowers and plants.
Hours: The Gardens and arboretum are open year-round,
and hours vary seasonally.
April - September: Open Daily from 8 a.m. - 8 p.m.
October - March: Open Daily from 8:00 a.m. - 5:00 p.m.
The historic Ed Lycan Conservatory houses an interesting collection of cacti and succulents. The conservatory is a historic Lloyd & Burnham greenhouse. It was originally erected in Douglass Park in 1924 and relocated to its current location in the Will Rogers Gardens in 1936. The conservatory is currently closed for renovation.
The Charles E. Sparks Rose Garden features over 800 individual rose bushes. The Garden is a popular location for weddings and photo shoots. |
The Charles E. Sparks Rose Garden
is a formal rose garden with more than 85 different varieties of roses in
bloom from April through October. Horticulture staff maintain the rose
garden with the assistance of community volunteers. Staff consult with local
rose experts who advise on the best varieties of roses for Oklahoma's
changing climate. The roses featured in the Garden have been tested for
their hardiness, pest resistance and heat resistance, in addition to their
bloom and color. The
rose garden is surrounded by two lakes and is adjacent to the
Margaret Annis Boys Arboretum. The Rose Garden can be rented
for weddings and other events from May through September.
The Margaret Annis Boys Arboretum sits on 10 acres of pristine park land and features hundreds of varieties of trees, including Oklahoma native species as well as specimens rarely found in the state. The oldest trees in the arboretum were planted by famed horticulturalist Henry Walter in the 1930s. The arboretum was renamed the Margaret Annis Boys Arboretum on September 24, 2009 during a ceremony honoring what would have been her 100th birthday. Thanks to a generous gift from the Oklahoma City Community Foundation, the arboretum now features an ADA accessible trail, plus new entry portals on the north and south side of the garden.
The Will Rogers Garden Exhibition Center hosts multiple garden-related events and club meetings throughout the year. It also hosts its own series of FREE EDUCATIONAL WORKSHOPS for both the casual backyard landscaper to the expert greenthumb. For a complete listing of classes, please visit our Classes & Workshops page, or download our current workshop brochure HERE. The Will Rogers Garden Exhibition Center is also available for rental for educational meetings and exhibitions. For more information, call 943-0827.
Rentals Several facilities at Will Rogers Park and Gardens are available for rental. To rent the rose garden or Will Rogers Senior Center for weddings or receptions, For rose garden rental inquiries, call the Will Rogers Senior Center at 942-4339, or email Krystal Handrahan at email@example.com. For inquiries about the Will Rogers Garden Exhibition Center, call 943-0827 or email email@example.com. For inquiries regarding the Will Rogers Park Amphitheatre or the north or south picnic shelter, call the OKC Parks & Recreation Department at 297-3882.
Volunteering The Will Rogers Gardens is pleased to have the ongoing support of countless volunteers who assist with plant maintenance, events and other special projects. Individuals and groups wishing to volunteer are welcome to call 943-0827 to find out what projects are available.
3400 NW 36th
(located on the SW corner of NW 36th at Grand Boulevard)
Phone: 405
Horticultural Garden Hours
April - September: Open Daily from 8 a.m. - 8 p.m.
October - March: Open Daily from 8:00 a.m. - 5:00 p.m.
Exhibition Center Hours:
Hours: Open Monday - Friday
7 a.m. - 4 p.m.


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Updated: Dec 27, 2009 8:11 PM
A fire completely destroys a 2 story home in a in St. Martin Parish.
Around 3 this afternoon St. Martin fire officials were called to a structure fire in the 1800th block of Old Spanish Trail. Firefighters were able to get the blaze under control but not before the home was completely destroyed. The homeowner and his six children were able to get out alive but says now he has no where to turn.


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Civil War Interactive Discussion Board > Civil War Talk > General Civil War Talk > Gettysburg Casino License Denied |
Moderated by: javal1 |
Gettysburg Casino License Denied | Rate Topic |
Author | Post |
Posted: Wed Dec 20th, 2006 04:49 pm |
1st Post |
javal1 Grumpy Geezer
It's Official: No Casino In Gettysburg The Pennsylvania Gaming Control board this morning denied a slots license to Crossroads Resort & Spa to build a casino at the intersection of routes 30 and 15 in Straban Township. More details later. |
Posted: Wed Dec 20th, 2006 05:45 pm |
2nd Post |
connyankee Member
Thanks for updating us on this. Personally, I'm glad with the decision. If you like gaming, you can always come to Connecticut, the Casino State (formerly the Constitution State). connyankee |
Posted: Wed Dec 20th, 2006 09:00 pm |
3rd Post |
burnsideshot Member
I never really understood why it was a bad thing. I agree the location isn't good... but if there was a casino in the outskirts, would that meet such fierce opposition? It would bring business, people and get the town attention. Is it the fear of an increase in crime? |
Posted: Wed Dec 20th, 2006 09:29 pm |
4th Post |
javal1 Grumpy Geezer
Amen Burnside - nice to know I'm not totally alone in that feeling. There are folks, including many on this board, that fought it because they thought it somehow affected historic preservation. I disagree, but I have no qualms with them. What needs to be understood is the issue brought out alot of what I call "born-again" preservationists - people who oppose gambling for religious or "moral" reasons and suddenly discovered historical preservation, and used it, because it met their agenda. You will never hear from these people again in regards to preservation issues. These are the people I have contempt for. They were nowhere to be found when other major preservation issues were being fought. The fact that there won't be a casino in GB doesn't bother me, I'm a thousand miles away. If there would have been one, it wouldn't have bothered me. The pure adulterated hypocrisy of many who fought against it under false pretenses bothers the hell out of me. |
Posted: Wed Dec 20th, 2006 10:07 pm |
5th Post |
Regina Member
I'm happy with the decision, but I have to say that I find the whole issue extremely controversial (I live in CT and am glad that the Pequots and Mohegans received federal recognition as tribes and were granted permission to build casinos on land that they deserve to govern as they please--it's close to fair treatment toward them for a change. I've never even visited the casinos to gamble, but I have gone to some of the concerts they've had there. On the other hand, I think it would be disrespectful to have one so close to Gettysburg hallowed ground.) |
Posted: Wed Dec 20th, 2006 10:57 pm |
6th Post |
Doc C Member
I'm not a religious/social zealot by any means, but feel that legalized gambling is a terrible way to generate income for states. When I lived in Louisiana I voted against every gambling referendum - horse racing, slots, casinos; My fear with Pa & Gettysburg is that this is probably not the last time an attempt will be made. I'm not against people using gambling as a form of entertainment, however I knew numerous individuals who were using their hard earned wages trying to make a killing at the slots or tables while at the same time throwing away their grocery, rent, etc. monies. When one visits the casinos today it's not the same atmosphere as years ago in Vegas. The last dialoque of De Niro in Scorsese's film Vegas pretty much sums up the changes present today. Also, can the states manage appropriately all the revenues that come into their hands from these casinos. Don't think so. While in La, always wondered where all the funds from gambling went. If Texas ever legalizes casino gambling, La is hosed, >90% of patrons come from Texas. Doc C |
Posted: Thu Dec 21st, 2006 12:25 am |
7th Post |
Johnny Huma Johnny Huma
Thank God and Amen... I do live in Pa..I am not against gambling and on occasion I do...I am glad PA has gambling as it is supposed to relieve some of our real estate tax burdons..Although I doubt that will happen...But I love going to Gettysburg and walking the fields and I love the town...But there are a lot of places to put casino's in Pa. and they were trying to use Gettysburg as the draw for their casino...Sorry Bad Idea..Not here..Not now...Not Ever....Gettysburg does not need the casino to attract visitors..Believe me when I tell you try going there from June to October and you will see there is not a want for more people there...The town is flocking with tourist in abundance who are learning about History and the focus is on History...Would we have really needed a detraction from this Hallowed Ground..Gettysburg has done well to get rid of these sideshows over the years..Amusement Parks..Towers..Etc...It's not about religous reasons or about born again preservationist..It's about "Common Sense"...This area is a shrine to all who fought here and should be kept that way...Not a playground for the wealthy. It is also a college town...Very bad idea just on that alone...Want your kids at the casino every night Mom and Dad while your supporting them through college? Huma |
Posted: Thu Dec 21st, 2006 01:41 am |
8th Post |
Doc C Member
Johnny Keep thinking those happy thoughts about your property taxes declining, mine never did in the years i lived in La, in fact they went up. It won't be the wealthy who primarily visit the casino. Sure the infrastructure may benefit somewhat. In post Katrina was it the population who were up and running in its aftermath, don't think so, it was the Mississippi/La casinos. I reinterate, nothing wrong with casinos, but to think it's the golden calf is a mistake. It's the easy way to generate income. Why don't we invest in education so our children and grandchildren can somehow compete with the rest of the world which may already be ahead of us, i.e. engineering, science, etc. Why don't we allocate funds for prenatal healthcare, for example every dollar spent saves approimately 9 dollars. Not a bad investment. So much for my soapbox. Doc C |
Posted: Thu Dec 21st, 2006 02:03 am |
9th Post |
Widow Member
One look at Atlantic City and you can tell that gambling doesn't bring prosperity to the locals. Where do those profits go? My vast experience with casinos is based on a visit to Reno. I put a nickel in a slot and got seven nickels back. I quit while I was ahead and never gambled again. Some years ago Disney wanted to build a theme park in Manassas. They said it would be wonderful, so people could look at their plastic robots made to look like soldiers on their fake phony bogus indoor battlefield. Just think, they said, all that history right before your very eyes! Some people, like florists, thought it was a good idea. But the general public just laughed them out of town. Disney gave up and went to France, where they got a warmer welcome. Patty Last edited on Thu Dec 21st, 2006 02:08 am by Widow |
Posted: Thu Dec 21st, 2006 02:06 am |
10th Post |
javal1 Grumpy Geezer
Johnny, Doc, et al. - Thanks for your input. Let me take this opportunity to say that no member of this board has to state that they're not a "born-again preservationist" because of my previous post. If you're a member here then by definition you care about Civil War preservation. What I was trying to get to was the fact that I've covered all of the preservation battles in Gettysburg for over 11 years, written scores of news articles about those battles, and dozens of editorials. Many of the people who led the fight against this casino on "historic preservation" grounds never appeared in any of the previous fights - not the RR Cut, not the tower, not the fight to save Camp Letterman, not the VC fight, not the fight against housing developments with hundreds of homes, not the fight to save the Lady Farm, and not the fights against massive commercial complex's much larger than the proposed casino. Where were they? My contention is that they are not preservationists at all, but rather ideaological zealots with objections other than preservation who used a legitimate cause which they didn't care about to advance their agenda. If one believes gambling is bad due to religious beliefs, that's fine. Fight it on those grounds in the churches. If one is against it for moral reasons, fine. Fight it wherever it is one fights things on moral grounds. But don't latch onto the teat of "preservation" when you really don't care about it at all. Johnny, you say "Gettysburg does not need the casino to attract visitors..Believe me when I tell you try going there from June to October and you will see there is not a want for more people there...The town is flocking with tourist in abundance who are learning about History and the focus is on History". But put yourself in the shoes of a business owner in Gettysburg. Would you be satisfied having customers 5 months out of the year? Have you been to GB in the off-season, or after 9pm anytime? It's a ghost town. I lived 90 miles away for 40 years, visited the field hundreds of times, and talked in-depth to "townies" and "tourists" alike. I can honestly say that there's much animosity in the town because the rest of the nation feels they should be able to dicatate how the entire township is run. Yes, the, Gettysburg battlefield is sacred. Yes, other parts of the town where the battle raged are historically significant. The land the casino was to be built on was not. I also notice that we have two posts, one claiming folks are spending food and rent money in casino's, and another claiming they're playgrounds for the wealthy. Which is it? Or, is it just that people of all economic levels visit casino's? And what does that have to do with preservation? Since I see I'm writing a book here, I'll close by saying I understand all the objections, and I respect the opions expressed. I just wish people didn't toss around the "preservation" label so casually, and wanted to make it clear that I wasn't talking about the people here. There are plenty of fights coming in the future when it will actually apply. We should save it for those. |
Posted: Thu Dec 21st, 2006 02:27 am |
11th Post |
Doc C Member
Javal My opinion on casinos has nothing to do with Gettysburg or other historical area. I see your point regarding local business people and the lack of traffic during the quote "off season". But I truly believe that their delusioned if they feel that casinos would be the "golden calf". Sure, restaurants, gas stations, etc. would benefit but don't think the mom/pop grocery store, pharmacy, hard ware would see any significant increase in revenue. However, if you're in the pawn business, well, start thinking about that vacation beach house. Walk in any casino in Miss/La to see what class of individual predominates (not trying to stereotype). I don't understand why casino gambling wasn't put on a ballot. Instead of courting casinos why doesn't the township attempt to attract other industries - manufacturing, high tech, etc.. My final comment is - are West Virginia, Louisiana, Mississippi better off with gambling? Also your point about certain individuals waiting till after the decision to b---h and moan is well taken, where were we when the debates began. I plead quilty. Doc C |
Posted: Thu Dec 21st, 2006 02:30 am |
12th Post |
Doc C Member
Also, in regards to future battles. In my experience, once they get it on the ballot that's it. May not pass this time or this way but it always comes back eventually and passes. Doc C |
Posted: Thu Dec 21st, 2006 02:37 am |
13th Post |
javal1 Grumpy Geezer
Hi Doc... I fully understand your point, and actually agree to a degree. Those who believe this will solve all of PA's economic woes are sadly mistaken. Maybe Rendell will lower property taxes for a year so he can say he was right, but it's not a cure-all for the state. But for the township? Well, they need help and if this would have helped it so be it. (BTW, I don't recall seeing a single pawn shop in Gettysburg ) And one final time, the individuals I refer to are not members of this board. They are those who led the fight in some of the larger anti-casino groups...not those who may have agreed with them. Thanks again... |
Posted: Thu Dec 21st, 2006 02:45 am |
14th Post |
Doc C Member
Another consideration, is what happens to the possible Gettysburg casino if Maryland or Virginia legalize casino gambling? Doc C |
Posted: Thu Dec 21st, 2006 03:03 am |
15th Post |
ole Member
No way is a casino going to benefit anyone but the casinor owners and otherwise interested parties. The line is increased revenue for the state, county, whatever. That income, what there is of it, is already spent somewhere in someone's favorite project, office, apartment building or cousin. There will be no relief in taxes. We're talking government here, people. An infusion of money is not for your relief. It's for doing daring new stuff, and making a job for your spouse's third cousin. Ole |
Posted: Thu Dec 21st, 2006 03:21 am |
16th Post |
Johnny Huma Johnny Huma
Javal1, I understand your point. Have you ever tried driving around the square at 2 o'clock in the afternoon in July... I am sure you have...Imagine casino traffic added to that and the Burg would come to a standstill..I agree the town rolls up after 9 PM and the Ghost walking tours are lingering about till about 10.00 PM..I also have talked to shop owners there (and by the way there is a pawn shop there if you hit the back streets) some pro some con. Some are afraid it will turn into a 24/7 town never sleeping..Imagine what that would do to the people who live there and have to work there as the tourist are frolicking outside their windows. Imagine the sirens of the local Police going off at all hours of the night.. The Pro folks I talked to say more business, more money, more jobs...Looks good on paper but when it actually becomes reality they will view it in a different manner I am sure.. I realize you are not pointing fingers at anyone on the site..For myself I am a member of the CWPT and voiced my opinion by sending letters to the PA gaming commission and our "Beloved" Govnur'...And you are right we all think we know what is best for Gettysburg based on our own expierences there...And I am sure like you say there are those who use the preservationist angle for thier own reasons..And I dont like those types either.. BTW the back street pawn shop is across the tracks from the Lincoln Train Station... It looks like a flea market but they will pawn whatever you want to pawn there... Huma |
Current time is 11:02 pm | |
Civil War Interactive Discussion Board > Civil War Talk > General Civil War Talk > Gettysburg Casino License Denied | Top |


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Original Record: | http://hdl.handle.net/2374.KENT/1237 |
Title: | Regional Campus Officials |
Description: | "A meeting of regional campus officials. Left to right: Vice-Provost-Dean of Regional Campuses William H. Stephens with Stark Campus Advisory Board member Robert Elsasser, Provost Bernard Hall, and Vice-President-Administration Ronald W. Roskins." Photograph appears on page 210 of A Book of Memories. |
Subject: | Administrators |
Rights: | This digital object is owned by Kent State University. Please include proper citation and credit for use of this item. Use in publications or productions is prohibited without written permission from Kent State University. Please contact the Department of Special Collections and Archives (http://www.library.kent.edu/specialcollections) for more information.; http://www.library.kent.edu/page/14062 |
Identifier: | http://hdl.handle.net/2374.KENT/1237 |
Files | Size | Format | View |
2009.000992_presentation.jpg | 114.7Kb | image/jpeg |
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2009.000992.tif | 13.90Mb | image/tiff |
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Image: Stephen Crittenden
Stephen Crittenden
Journalist and Broadcaster, The Global Mail
B.A (Hons), Sydney University
- Photographer:
- Carl Bento
- Rights:
- © Australian Museum
Additional information
Stephen Crittenden joined the ABC in 1989 after working as a policy officer in the NSW Cabinet Office. He worked as a reporter in the ABC's Radio Current Affairs Department before joining the 7.30 Report in 1995 as national arts reporter, later becoming one of the presenters of the weekly ABC TV arts program Express.
In 1998 Stephen returned to ABC Radio to become Executive Producer of ABC Radio Religion Department, and from 2002 to 2008 he was presenter of The Religion Report. He produced ABC Radio National's acclaimed marathon radio history of the second millennium, A Thousand Years in a Day, and as artistic associate of the Melbourne International Arts Festival he curated another highly acclaimed large scale project, The Alfred Deakin Lectures, which celebrated the Centenary of Federation in 2001. Stephen Left ABC Radio National in December 2011 to take the role of Arts, Culture and Religion correspondent for The Global Mail.
Last Updated:


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Magicians and Travelers
By quirk of fate, a few days ago I discovered a cinematic masterpiece called Bab'Aziz, the Prince Who Contemplated His Soul, by a Tunisian filmmaker named Nacer Khemir. The video above is an excerpt from the movie. I'm still in a trance. It is a beautiful film. A Sufi tale about love, grace, and mystical fulfillment.
A young girl and her blind grandfather, a dervish, set out across the desert to join a gathering of dervishes that meets once every thirty years. Each of the characters encountered is wandering alone seeking the invisible world in a different way, although they connect with others on and off as past and present are woven together with stories, poems, and songs. It is the child who seems to have been born enlightened. The film is an allegory and a meditation on our own mystical talents.
The demolition of the Democrats has been a difficult experience for many people but it is essential. The more complete the better to save further grief later on. Pluto is just beginning to get serious about destroying the power structure, so whichever party happened to be in control at this time was destined to get it. Babies are interesting. As soon as they get control of their little hands they start arranging and rearranging everything they can. Their love of destruction is equal to their love of creation, and at first they can't tell the difference. The trouble comes later in the grand socialization. Still, demolition is natural and necessary. Those who are still playing the partisan game are falling behind. The so called "stupid" people all across the country are beginning to grasp it. The tidal wave is in motion and no one can stop it, but it can be ridden with a certain amount of dexterity. And don't worry. The Republicans are going to get it, too, until the monster in the system is slain. The monster has been fed by all of us and now we have to deal with it. The last two full Aries Moons triggered an arousal in the citizenry, soon to be put into effect when Uranus transits Aries. I think the hysteria of the 2008 election has now turned into outrage and that was one of its main purposes. Even though the Republicans are going to win this one the people are not electing them because they approve of them. They don't. They just feel they have no other choice and they're onto the whole group and their tricks while trying to flex political muscle. As a result of this election, no one knows who the enemy is. Or if there really is one. Something is senseless. One thing to be sure of -- the factions onstage now won't be the factions of the future. One thing leads to another. Fortunately. Threats are always exaggerated and are often divorced from reality, whatever that is.
The awakening of the people has not come easily and no one knows the details of the next phase. The power structures based on the financial delineations of our society have gone to extremes and the great thing about this election was the revelation of monetary obscenity and the overall unbearable ugliness and brutal behavior of the aspiring legislators, as well as many of the executives. It got to most everyone. So very destructive. No policy, no vision, no promise, and most of all, no leadership. But it's far too soon for reconstruction. Just let the truth lie bare for a moment. In the movie, one of the themes was how lost all the seekers are in the endless desert dunes, but they know they are going to find their way. Just walk, says Bab'Aziz. You will arrive.
It reminds me of where we are now as a country, only beginning to adjust to being on our own. The two parties with the shape they're now in are incapable of wise leadership. We'll have to make do until we get together somehow collectively and start making good decisions. It might seem like we are lost, and on some levels we are. I doubt that the signposts are gone, though. We just have to look among the dunes. The reason I don't worry much is because I've always felt everyone's confusion. We're all lost and no one's in charge. I find comfort in that knowledge since I dare not give too much power to anyone at this juncture in our evolution. I don't expect anyone to save me from anyone else, anything, or myself. I'm safe enough. I admire the baby's ability to gleefully destroy what she's methodically built. In a sense I think there could even be some joy in this political demolition. Of course, thumbs must come out of mouths so they can tinker with the erector set. And fingers must come out of ears. Shoot. I suppose that means me and my three sets of ear plugs.


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Euphlyctis Fitzinger, 1843, Syst. Rept.: 31. Type species: Rana leschenaultii Duméril and Bibron, 1841 (= Rana cyanophlyctis Schneider, 1799), by original designation.
Phrynoderma Fitzinger, 1843, Syst. Rept.: 31. Type species: Rana cutipora Duméril and Bibron, 1841 (= Rana hexadactyla), by original designation. Preoccupied by Phrynoderma Sturm, 1828, Deutschl. Fauna, Amph.: 147. Euphlyctis given priority over Phrynoderma by action of first revisor, Dubois, 1975, Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. Paris, Ser. 3, Zool., 324: 1112.
Dicroglossus Günther, 1860, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1860: 158. Type species: Dicroglossus adolfi Günther, 1860, by monotypy. Synonymy with Rana by Boulenger, 1882, Cat. Batr. Sal. Coll. Brit. Mus., Ed. 2: 7, and Myers, 1942, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 55: 49-55; (with Euphlyctis) by Dubois, 1981, Monit. Zool. Ital., N.S., Suppl., 15: 240.
Five-fingered Frogs (Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 98).
Northwestern Africa, southern Arabian Peninsula, Pakistan and India to Afghanistan, Nepal, Malaya, and Sri Lanka.
Treated as a subgenus of Rana by Dubois, 1981, Monit. Zool. Ital., N.S., Suppl., 15: 233. First ranked in modern times as a genus by Poynton and Broadley, 1985, Ann. Natal Mus., 27: 124, this arrangement followed by Dubois, 1992, Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn. Lyon, 61: 314. Grosjean, Vences, and Dubois, 2004, Biol. J. Linn. Soc., 81: 171-181, regarded on the basis of DNA sequence data that Euphlyctis (monophyly assumed) is the sister taxon of Hoplobatrachus, with Fejervarya, Sphaeroteca, Nannophrys and Limnonectes forming more distant relations. Frost, Grant, Faivovich, Bain, Haas, Haddad, de Sá, Channing, Wilkinson, Donnellan, Raxworthy, Campbell, Blotto, Moler, Drewes, Nussbaum, Lynch, Green, and Wheeler, 2006, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 297: 136, also regarded Euphlyctis as the sister taxon of Hoplobatrachus. Pyron and Wiens, 2011, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 61: 543-583, in their study of Genbank sequences confirmed the monophyly of this taxon, its position as sister- of Hoplobatrachus, and a phylogenetic estimate for exemplar species.
Please note: these links will take you to external websites not affiliated with the American Museum of Natural History. We are not responsible for their content.


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Mobile WiMAX
A Systems Approach to Understanding IEEE 802.16m Radio Access Technology
By- Sassan Ahmadi
Presenting the new IEEE 802.16m standard, this is the first book to take a systematic, top-down approach to describing Mobile WiMAX and its next generation, giving detailed algorithmic descriptions together with explanations of the principles behind the operation of individual air-interface protocols and network components.
- A systematic and detailed, top-down approach to the design of 4G cellular systems based on IEEE 802.16m and 3GPP LTE/LTE-Advanced technologies
- A systematic approach to understanding IEEE 802.16m radio access network and mobile WiMAX network architecture and protocols
- The first comprehensive technical reference on the design, development and performance evaluation of IMT-Advanced systems, including the theoretical background and design principles as well as implementation considerations
The author, chief architect and technical lead of the IEEE 802.16m project at Intel Corporation, initiated and masterminded the development of the IEEE 802.16m standard and has been one of the leading technical drivers in its standardization process in IEEE. The author was also a leading technical contributor to the definition and development of requirements and evaluation methodology for the IMT-Advanced systems in ITU-R. Reflecting the authors 20+ years expertise and experience, the book provides an in-depth, systematic and structured technical reference for professional engineers, researchers, and graduate students working in cellular communication systems, radio air-interface technologies, cellular communications protocols, advanced radio access technologies for 4G systems, and broadband cellular standards.
Communications engineers working in wireless and cellular communications; signal processing engineers.
Hardbound, 784 Pages
Published: November 2010
Imprint: Academic Press
Chapter 1 Introduction to Mobile Broadband Wireless Access and the IEEE 802.16 Standards
1.1 Mobile Broadband Wireless Access Technologies
1.2 Introduction to the IEEE 802.16 Standards
1.3 Introduction to WiMAX Forum Mobile System Profiles
1.4 Introduction to 3GPP Standards
Chapter 2 WiMAX Network Architecture
2.1 Design Principles of WiMAX Network Architecture
2.2 Network Reference Model
2.3 Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting (AAA)
2.4 Mobile IP
2.5 Radio Resource Management (RRM)
2.6 Mobility Management
2.7 Paging and Idle State Operation
2.8 Overview of 3GPP Evolved Packet Core Network Architecture
Chapter 3 IEEE 802.16m Reference Model and Protocol Structure
3.1 The IEEE 802.16m Reference Model
3.2 The IEEE 802.16m Protocol Structure
Chapter 4 IEEE 802.16m System Operation and State Diagrams
4.1 IEEE 802.16m Mobile Station State Diagrams
4.2 Network Entry
4.3 State Transitions and Mobility
4.4 State Transitions in Relay Stations
4.5 Operational States of Femto Base Stations
4.6 3GPP LTE User Equipment States and State Transitions
Chapter 5 The IEEE 802.16m Convergence Sub-Layer
5.1 Header Compression
5.2 Service Flow Classification and Identification
5.3 Packet Convergence Sub-Layer
5.4 Generic Packet Convergence Sub-Layer
5.5 The 3GPP LTE Packet Data Convergence Protocol
Chapter 6 The IEEE 802.16m Medium Access Control Common Part Sub-Layer (Part I)
6.1 Addressing
6.2 MAC PDU Headers
6.3 MAC Signaling Headers
6.4 Mobility Management and Handover
6.5 Quality of Service
6.6 IEEE 802.16m QoS Classes
6.7 MAC Management/Control Messages
6.8 Connection and Session Management
6.9 Mobility and Power Management
6.10 Scheduling Services
6.11 Bandwidth Request and Allocation
6.12 Multi-Radio Coexistence
6.13 3GPP LTE Radio Resource Control Functions
Appendix A: Proportional Fair Scheduling Algorithm
Chapter 7 The IEEE 802.16m Medium Access Control Common Part Sub-Layer (Part II)
7.1 Automatic Repeat Request
7.2 Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request Functions
7.2.1 HARQ Principles
7.3 MAC PDU Formation
7.4 3GPP LTE Radio Link Control and Medium Access Control Sub-Layers
Chapter 8 The IEEE 802.16m Security Sub-Layer
8.1 Security Architecture
8.2 Authentication
8.3 Key Management Protocol (PKMv3)
8.4 Security Association Management
8.5 Cryptographic Methods
8.6 Control-Plane Signaling Protection
8.7 User Privacy
8.8 3GPP LTE Security Aspects
Chapter 9 The IEEE 802.16m Physical Layer (Part I)
9.1 Overview of IEEE 802.16m Physical Layer Processing
9.2 Characteristics of Wireless Channels
9.3 SC-FDMA and OFDMA Principles
9.4 Downlink and Uplink Multiple Access Schemes
9.5 IEEE 802.16m Duplex Modes
9.6 Frame Structure
9.7 The Concept of Time Zones and Frequency Regions
9.8 Subchannelization and Permutation
9.9 Pilot Structure and Channel Estimation
9.10 MIMO Midamble
9.11 Pilot-Based Channel Estimation
9.12 Channel Coding and Modulation
9.13 Synchronization Channel
9.14 Superframe Headers (Broadcast Channel)
9.15 3GPP LTE Physical Layer Protocols
Chapter 10 The IEEE 802.16m Physical Layer (Part II)
10.1 Control Channels
10.2 Downlink Control Channels
10.3 Uplink Control Channels
10.4 Multi-Antenna Transmission Schemes
10.5 IEEE 802.16m Downlink MIMO Schemes
10.6 IEEE 802.16m Uplink MIMO Schemes
10.7 Multi-BS MIMO
10.8 Interference Mitigation
10.9 Multi-Antenna Techniques in 3GPP LTE
10.10 Multi-Antenna Techniques in 3GPP LTE-Advanced
Chapter 11 Multi-Carrier Operation
11.1 Principles of Multi-Carrier Operation
11.2 Sub-Carrier Alignment and Use of Guard Sub-Carriers
11.3 Carrier Aggregation and Spectral Mask Considerations
11.4 MAC Aspects of Multi-Carrier Operation
11.5 3GPP LTE-Advanced Multi-Carrier Operation
Chapter 12 Performance of IEEE 802.16m and 3GPP LTE-Advanced
12.1 Definition of the Performance Metrics
12.2 Calculation of Static and Dynamic Overhead
12.3 Traffic Models
12.4 Link-to-System Mapping (PHY Abstraction)
12.5 IMT-Advanced Test Environments
12.6 Network Layout for System-Level Simulations
12.7 IMT-Advanced Evaluation Methodology and Baseline Configurations
12.8 Link-Level and System-Level Channel Models
12.9 IEEE 802.16m Link-Level and System-Level Performance
12.10 3GPP LTE-Advanced Link-Level and System-Level Performance


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You're watching...
U.S. on the Brink of Another Trade War with China?
White & Case trade attorney Scott Lincicome on Chinese solar panel dumping.
Oct 10, 2012
You're watching...
White & Case trade attorney Scott Lincicome on Chinese solar panel dumping.
Oct 10, 2012
Also in this playlist...
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Made the Commerce Department.
Is about the shine a light on the Chinese for dumping billions of dollars of solar panels on US market at artificially cheap prices.
White and case trade attorney Scott -- -- come says the ruling.
Justified as it is only -- Need to read Chinese retaliation against US products.
Scott thanks for joining us.
It looks like we are on the brink of another trade war with the Chinese we had the big charges against while way from the US.
Congressional committee yesterday.
And now this from the Commerce Department you -- the Chinese are guilty at this.
One thing I don't understand is.
If customers in the US get cheaper solar panels why do we want the government to stop the Chinese from giving its cheap panels.
The the issue is the -- -- -- nation -- there are legitimate reasons to impose any subsidy disciplines.
On a Chinese solar panels in order ensure fair trade and and and a free market.
The only problem of course is that though the way to department -- -- calculates.
He's duties are typically leads to duties that are far in excess of that needed to actually remedy these -- of his nation that's going on.
Well indeed the US already slap some duties on their right and yet prices still falling 30% this year there's something like sixty Chinese companies make -- these panels.
Are we sure that the prices are -- discovered competition that they are falling because the Chinese Government is doing something illegal.
-- That's -- that the department and the international trade commission to decide you know it's certainly.
Unclear whether these duties or whether the Chinese actions or just a global glut.
In solar panels -- to you over subs visitation by China the United States the European Union.
And everybody else is really causing that collapse in price -- you just said it's got over subsidies from China.
And the US the US is -- -- its own green energy industry is there -- pot calling kettle black here.
-- very much so you know according to the Congressional Budget Office we spent about 24 billion dollars in taxpayer money subsidizing green energy last year.
A lot of that went to solar panel manufacturers.
And not only does that lead to fair criticism man and allegations of hypocrisy.
But it also exposes our exporters to fairer and legitimate retaliation and foreign markets like China.
Right because this actually you say probably isn't going to -- US -- to do any better.
What percentage chance at all do you think that the US cases driven by anger and that.
And embarrassment inside the Obama administration for some that I think it's a lender and you and losing half a billion dollars.
In taxpayer money on a company that went out of business.
Did I don't think -- it's driven by the Obama administration's.
Embarrassments over Solyndra and -- -- one and abound solar and the rest of them.
Because typically it's a pretty legitimate legal process that they goes through -- and -- petition filed by the domestic industry and and adjudicated by the department of commerce and the trade commission.
But -- I wouldn't be surprised at all to see political.
Officials in the Obama administration and on the campaign trail.
Pointing to the department's announcement today as evidence that Solyndra wasn't their fault but instead was that the Chinese -- -- -- on the Chinese when the couple votes almost as his -- up on Wall Street thanks very much for being let us white and case ready attorney Scott.
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If you're like me, you already knew Noah Richardson as half of Stevedore, the synth-pop duo that smacked Tulsa upside the head about six years ago with an EP of material that walked in the shoes of '80s bands like Erasure, Yaz and Yellow. What you probably didn't know is that although Noah appeared to play the role of side man, prancing the stage and bellowing the upper register harmonies, he was the man behind the music itself -- and much more.
Richardson has been recording all types of music on his own over the past 10 years, very little of which has seen the light of day, until now, that is. This week, however, he finally released his first solo disc, Is Anybody Home?, under the moniker Noah T. As an all-instrumental release, I can all but guarantee that it will take people by surprise. After all, it's indie and it's ambient, but it's also a breath of fresh air, which is significant because it also represents a new found freedom for its creator.
Looking back, Richardson recently told me "I've been recording my own music for the last 10 years. Stevedore was the fluke of it all. I really wasn't into writing electronic music or singing in falsetto, that's just what it called for and I did what needed to be done at the time."
That synth pop direction wasn't even fully planned, as Richardson related that "[a]t the first gig, I even tried to play guitar, but the sound guy didn't have any mic stands, so I had to put the guitar down and grab the microphone. And suddenly, that's what Stevedore was. ..."
Stevedore ran its course, and although Richardson began to write more music for the duo, it didn't really fit Stevedore's direction and Richardson and his brother let the project rest. "The whole time, I was still writing and recording, though," he said. "But I was so tied up in being a perfectionist, nothing got finished."
"I did put out a sad-bastard singer/songwriter album, but thankfully only about seven people bought it," he said with a chuckle. "And I did an instrumental EP in 2008 that I gave to four or five people -- but I never sold it, I just sat on it. It was music that I wanted to hear. I called it Count, Curse and Pray because those are the three things you do in your own language, no matter what language you speak. It kind of represented a universal sound, to me. It was 12-13 minute tracks, so it wasn't exactly accessible anyway."
After years of messing with tracks and putting off finishing them because he couldn't recreate what he heard in his head for parts like drums, Richardson finally had an epiphany. "It finally clicked," he said, "and I realized it doesn't necessarily have to be drums, it just as to be a feel. It can be a clap or me slapping on the countertop or whatever."
With that hurdle taken out of his way, Richardson continued to write and tested the waters by posting instrumental tracks online at hitrecord.com, a collaborative site where musicians can post tracks and others can add to them by changing part or adding vocals. When he saw his tracks get the attention of others and come back with vocal parts or new arrangements, he said "I knew, OK -- I'm not alone in this. Someone else gets it too. ..."
Once he came to that revelation, the doors opened up for him creatively, writing and recording the basic tracks for his debut in roughly three weeks. "Once I took that (mental) block out of the way and said 'Who said it has to be perfect?' that made all the difference," Richardson shared. "There's even a track that has one note that I missed consistently, but you know what? I'd rather have it there wrong than never get it out and never hear it at all."
Ultimately, we agreed that's the beauty of rock music: it's not supposed to be perfect. It's supposed to be raw and real and messy at times. Upon reflection, Richardson realized, sharing one of his favorite tracks, that "I Saw Her Again," by The Mamas and Papas even has a part where one of the singers comes in a half measure early "And you know what? Now that I've noticed it, I listen for it. If it's NOT there, something's wrong. ..."
With that new found freedom, Richardson rolls out the first in what should be a series of coming solo releases, all going different directions musically. Is Anybody Home? Is 13 tracks that can be more traditionally categorized as indie/ambient instrumental music, but might be better described as audio postcards.
"I compare them to instrumental short stories," Richardson said. "To me, it's a snapshot of my feelings at a moment in time. It's just that sometimes I have a hard time expressing things with words, so it's an expression of those feelings without the words. ..."
"I still don't know if anyone will listen," he said. "That's why I titled it Is Anybody Home? But so far I've gotten some pretty good feedback, so apparently someone is (listening) and I'm on the right track."
Is Anybody Home? was officially released on Tuesday, July 17, and can be found online by going to noahtmusic.com. This is just the starting point for Noah T., however, as Richardson also has an album of electronic music in the works, as well as a vocal album -- on which he is collaborating with a drummer from Italy who he found via hitrecord.com, and another album that he's working on with a singer from Tel Aviv.
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[Beowulf] Teaching Scientific Computation (looking for the perfect text)
Many of your questions may have already been answered in earlier discussions or in the FAQ. The search results page will indicate current discussions as well as past list serves, articles, and papers.
Nathan Moore ntmoore at gmail.comTue Nov 20 10:33:43 PST 2007
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I regularly teach a college course in a physics department that deals with scientific computation. After students take the course, I expect that they'll be able to write simple "c-tran" style programs for data analysis, write basic MD or MC simulations, and be fairly fluent in Mathematica. In the past, I figured that with the breadth of topics included in the course, Fortran, specifically the basic, simple, and reliable F77 dialect (w/ some F90 conveniences) was the language to teach. In my own head, my rationale was: - Most students can grasp the basics of fortran in half a day's reading, so I can spend more class time on science and math (probably because there are no pointers - I think that C is much harder for students and sometimes "seems" less like mathematical syntax than f77) - "Classical Fortran" is a great text and is readable for self-study (I know of no such text for C/C++) - several free compilers exist (g95 seems ok so far) - Netlib, lapack, and numerical recipes cover the math library adequately - F77 is compiled (Perl/python are too slow for an MD/MC sim and I figure that students should know at least on compiled language and one scripting language to be competent) - MPI is a relatively basic addition to the language (again, no pointers, allocation, or addressing) After reflection though, I've started to wonder about the wisdom of my choice. Specifically (like RGB), I love the GSL library, and extending GSL to fortran in an intro class is non-trivial. Additionally, most vendors supply "fast" hardware libraries in C (I may be ignorant, but if a student wants to call an AMD ACML fast-math function( http://developer.amd.com/acml.jsp), or write a linear algebra function to run on a graphics card(http://developer.nvidia.com/object/cuda.html), the vendors seem to assume that you'll write the code in C). Also, and more relevant, I assume that most employers word-associate "Fortran is to backwards as C is to competence". So, I'm thinking about reworking the class to favor C, and fearing 3 weeks of pointer and addressing hell. For those of you who teach scientific computation (and also those of you who hire undergrads), I'd be grateful for your thoughts. One specific question I have is what text covers scientific programming and touches on MPI using the C language. regards, Nathan Moore -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Nathan Moore Assistant Professor, Physics Winona State University AIM: nmoorewsu - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: http://www.scyld.com/pipermail/beowulf/attachments/20071120/77755bc2/attachment.html
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The Reynolds Mill Road bridge over the east branch of the Codorus Creek at the border between Springfield and York townships is closed for a rehabilitation project.
The $705,529 project, being done by Kinsley Construction, includes replacing the bridge, beam installation, road approach construction and guide rail installations, according to the state Department of Transportation.
Work is expected to wrap up by the end of July. Until then, Reynolds Mill Road between Twin Arch Road and Water Street will be closed, with detours in place, PennDOT said.
The existing bridge was built in 1947 and is classified as structurally deficient. Reynolds Mill Road averages 1,200 vehicles each day.


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No roads, ski lifts or noisy apres ski huts tarnish the breathtaking panorama. Accompanied only by the crunch of the snow, you march safely on the rope of the guide through the Holaub glacier to the Britannia hut. A short rest at the hut (open from March) and on we go back over the Chessjen glacier back to Felskin.
Reservation necessary.
Meeting point: according to agrement
Registration: Saas-Fee Guides, Tel. +41 27 957 44 64
Event location
Saas-Fee Guides
Rate CHF
CHF 150.-, Reduction with Saaspass 10%, min. 4 people.
Opening hours
Every Wednesday or on request.
The content presented here is provided and updated by regional/local tourist offices, which is why Switzerland Tourism is unable to guarantee the correctness of the contents.


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If you are a fat women that does not mean you can not engage in a relationship. In today's world the percentage of fat people has greatly increased. You will find plus sized girls at your office, eating joints, college classrooms and various other places. Over weighed people also have the right to love and be loved in return.
Here we will discuss someGot Facebook or Twitter?
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text:
- Counties have to figure hospitals' values before collecting tax revenues
- In push for Franklin hospice house, perseverance pays
- Haywood hospital leaders vote 'yes' to Duke LifePoint sale amid outpouring of public support
- Turning around community hospitals is what MedWest's prospective buyer does best
- Tribal Council OKs plans for rehab facility — again
- Local leaders say hospital purchase good for communities
- MedWest dissolves to make way for sale of Harris, Swain hospitals: HRMC acquisition announcement pending
- Experts educate residents on cumbersome healthcare reform
While neighboring hospitals count down the days until an affiliation is finalized, Angel Medical Center in Franklin continues to stand alone during a time when independent hospitals are becoming increasingly rare.
Angel Medical CEO Tim Hubbs said the small hospital is doing fine financially and is meeting its mission to serve the community. That said, an affiliation isn't out of the question if the right one came along.
"That is something we always have to evaluate on an ongoing basis," Hubbs said. "I don't think they want to merge for the sake of merging. I think the sentiment is we want a strong local hospital."
There can be financial benefits in a merger or affiliation with other hospitals, but it can also result in a loss of local control, Hubbs said. The two factors would have to be weighed when considering an affiliation.
"Can we get economies of scale and still have autonomy?" Hubbs said.
Roughly 70 percent of hospitals in North and South Carolina are part of a larger hospital system.
Haywood Regional Medical Center and WestCare, which serves Jackson and Swain counties, anticipate launching a new joint venture in January. The two entities will manage daily operations jointly, yet keep their assets and long-term balance sheets separate. The venture also calls for partnering with Carolinas HealthCare System, a conglomerate based in Charlotte with a network of 23 hospitals.
Angel was engaged in preliminary discussions of a merger with WestCare a few years ago, but it failed to materialize. Angel's board of directors hesitated for fear of seeing some of their local medical services absorbed by Harris Regional Hospital in Sylva.
"We were afraid the focus would be in Jackson County," Hubbs said. "We would like it to be in our best interest and not in the best interest of someone somewhere else."
While Angel has an agreement with Mission Hospital in Asheville to house a medic helicopter at the hospital, there is no official partnership with Mission, Hubbs said. Angel was selected as a base for the medic helicopter largely for its strategic geographic location as a jumping off point for Mission to serve trauma patients in the far west.
Hubbs said no affiliations are on the table right now, but nothing is off the table either.
"I think they are receptive to things that make sense," Hubbs said of Angel's board of directors. "If we get to the point we can't survive without it, then we'd have to consider it, but we are not there today."


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Some of you may be wondering: what happened to Holmesian Derivations?
Last December, all my sites got taken out by pharma-hackers. I'm doing my best to restore this site to the best of my abilities—moving to WordPress.com for extra security. I don't trust quite a lot of my backups, so this all will be done little by little as I re-build.
On the upside, this means that you'll get regular posts for quite some time, even if they're oldies (I hope they're goodies as well).
What's coming up next, both from the archives and upcoming plans?
Older essays that don't appear on Spontaneous ∂erivation.
The Sherlock Holmes Redux—a review of the original canon, the BBC Radio 4 series directed by Bert Coules, and (when possible) the Granada series starring Jeremy Brett.
Thoughts on the more recent and modern BBC series Sherlock.
Some book reviews.
I'm going to make it back from my personal Reichenbach.


text:
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Pair these NYDJ jeans with stiletto heels and a scoop neck vest. These are versatile jeans that can be worn with anything from a printed tee to a blouse.
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These ladies' straight cut jeans from G-Star RAW look great with similarly on-trend platform heels as part of a stylish everyday or smart casual outfit.
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Undergraduates may apply for TAP for the summer*, fall, and spring semesters, and may receive TAP for up to four years of study (eight semesters). Binghamton University's TAP code is 0880.
TAP provides undergraduate students who are residents of New York State and meet financial and academic criteria with grants from $500 to $5,000 per academic year. Limits for minimum and maximum awards are determined by the New York State Legislature. Click here for TAP estimator.
Effective with the 2010-11 academic year, graduate students are no longer eligible for TAP.
*NOTE: Using TAP during a summer session will reduce one of the 8, full-time semesters depending on the number of credits in summer. Students are discouraged from using TAP awards during the summer as they will need full TAP awards for full-time enrollment during the regular academic year.
TAP eligibility
How to apply for TAP
• Complete and submit the Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA).
• After completing your FAFSA, begin your online TAP application immediately using the link on your FAFSA Confirmation Page.
• If you miss the TAP link after finishing the FAFSA, you must wait 3-4 business days, until your FAFSA data is received and processed by HESC. You will then receive an email directing you to the HESC web site to complete the TAP on the Web application.
• If you received TAP in the previous year, you will still need to complete the TAP application via the link emailed to you after completing the FAFSA. Your information will be pre-filled from the prior year.
Read complete details about applying for TAP>>
What is APTS?
APTS is a New York state grant program for students pursuing an undergraduate degree on a part-time basis.
How much aid is available?
Eligible undergraduate students can receive up to $2,000 per year to assist in paying tuition expenses.
Who's eligible?
To be eligible for APTS, New York state requires you to:
Students must also meet the following income guidelines:
How to apply
New York State students may be eligible for a variety of scholarship and award programs to help pay for college. Click here to learn about eligibility requirements and application information.
If you have been awarded one of the following scholarships, you must notify the Higher Education Services Corporation (HESC) via the "Tap Application Process" :