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Two Dartmouth Studies Report Unnecessary Testing
Two reports issued last week by the Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice raise new questions about whether physicians order far too many tests, and whether some tests might be motivated more by economic rather than diagnostic or therapeutic reasons, whether subconsciously or not.
The first report, published in the Online First edition of Archives of Internal Medicine, points to a wide regional variation in the rate by which Medicare beneficiaries receive certain repeat tests, often with far more frequency than existing guidelines suggest they should be conducted.
For example, of the Medicare beneficiaries who underwent echocardiography within the three-year period between Jan. 1, 2004 and Dec. 31, 2006 (28.5% of the beneficiary population), nearly a third (31.1%) experienced a repeat test within a year and over half (55.2%) had a repeat test within three years.
But the percentage of retested patients varied dramatically depending on what region of the country they received care.
In Miami, for example, which had the highest rate of testing in three of six testing categories examined, 39% of patients received a repeat test within one year and 66% within three years. However, in Portland, OR, which had the lowest rate of repeat testing in three of six types of tests examined, 25.5% received a repeat echocardiogram within one year and 47.1% within three years.
Comments are moderated. Please be patient.
- New G-Codes to Pay Doctors for Broad Array of Non-Face-to-Face Care
- CMS Sets 2014 Pay Rates for Hospital Outpatient and Physician Services
- Telehealth Improves Patient Care in ICUs
- Hospital M&A Volume Up, Value Down in 3Q
- Douglas Hawthorne—A Chance to Do Something Big
- 50 Years of Fighting Pressure Ulcers Called Into Question
- States Rejecting Medicaid Expansion Forgo Billions in Federal Funds
- Why You Should Involve Patients in Nursing Handoffs
- Small Doesn't Mean Doomed
- The 5 Biggest Healthcare Finance Trouble Spots

subset: commoncrawl


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Someone please post a post here after me, for testing purposes, thanks!
Someone please post a post here after me, for testing purposes, thanks!
And send me a pm too
Beau Stockard (08-29-2012)
You might not know this song that a friend sent me last night after watching the Republican National Convention nominate Mitt Romney. I must say that this song is apropos here. Lesley Gore, "You Don't Own Me". http://youtu.be/CmOrWG2FTbg
thanks for the test post and pm GL
Max,Come'on ,buddy. The Lesley Gore song is music , a bit dated from 1963, but still a pretty good song. Don't tell me that you are now in favor of censureship of songs that happen to have political themes? No Toby Keith or Ted Nugent either? I thought that you liked the political party of small government , out of our private lives ,including our ipads and stereo vinyl record libraries (you know;the 33rpm vinyl record albums that we used to keep in the small wooden crates in our college dorm room or basement playroom)So I guess any thread can be used as a political thread?
No, what I would like, and from what I gather a few other folks are in agreement is at least one thread that we do not turn into a political pissing match....
Hey Max,Never my intention,buddy. Let's make up. Do the Hully-Gully, Baby! with me. http://youtu.be/LNGUei3oR0Qwe do not turn into a political pissing match....
max1 (08-30-2012)
Okay, let's return this thread to the awesomeness of summer music. Here's another band that I love, although I never thought in a million years that I'd be into this type of music. The Civil Wars have an amazing chemistry together. It's like their voices were made just to find each other and create this stuff.
Beau Stockard (08-30-2012),motherof3 (09-05-2012)
An early Hall&Oates that still sounds swell with sippin' some late-night wine
Sundays in the summer seem to be set at a slower ,different rhythm from the rest of the week. After the Sunday newspapers have all been read ,including the funny papers to the kids, after the games in the backyard are over, the badmitten shuttle cock 'birdies', colored, plastic racquets, and net put away, bats &softballs stored back on the porch, the music is turned up at my house. Here's Kathleen Edwards, "Change the Sheets" to slow down the evening to a even more easy pace. Another glass of wine isn't out of the question.
Last edited by Beau Stockard; 09-02-2012 at 10:00 PM. Reason: sp.


text:
This article needs additional citations for verification. (June 2013) |
Part of a series on |
E-commerce |
Online goods and services |
Retail services |
Marketplace services |
Mobile commerce |
Customer service |
E-procurement |
Purchase-to-pay |
Electronic commerce, commonly known as e-commerce or eCommerce, is a type of industry where the buying and selling of products or services is conducted over electronic systems such as the Internet and other computer networks. Electronic commerce draws on technologies such as mobile commerce, electronic funds transfer, supply chain management, Internet marketing, online transaction processing, electronic data interchange (EDI), inventory management systems, and automated data collection systems. Modern electronic commerce typically uses the World Wide Web at least at one point in the transaction's life-cycle, although it may encompass a wider range of technologies such as e-mail, mobile devices, social media, and telephones as well.
Electronic commerce is generally considered to be the sales aspect of e-business. It also consists of the exchange of data to facilitate the financing and payment aspects of business transactions. This is an effective and efficient way of communicating within an organization and one of the most effective and useful ways of conducting business.
E-commerce can be divided into:
- E-tailing or "virtual storefronts" on websites with online catalogs, sometimes gathered into a "virtual mall"
- Buying or Selling on various websites and/or online marketplaces
- The gathering and use of demographic data through Web contacts and social media
- Electronic Data Interchange (EDI), the business-to-business exchange of data
- E-mail and fax and their use as media for reaching prospective and established customers (for example, with newsletters)
- Business-to-business buying and selling
- The security of business transactions
A timeline for the development of e-commerce:
- 1971 or 1972: The ARPANET is used to arrange a cannabis sale between students at the Stanford Artificial Intelligence Laboratory and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, later described as "the seminal act of e-commerce" in John Markoff's book What the Dormouse Said.[1]
- 1979: Michael Aldrich demonstrates the first online shopping system.[2]
- 1981: Thomson Holidays UK is first business-to-business online shopping system to be installed. [3]
- 1982: Minitel was introduced nationwide in France by France Télécom and used for online ordering.
- 1983: California State Assembly holds first hearing on "electronic commerce" in Volcano, California.[4] Testifying are CPUC, MCI Mail, Prodigy, CompuServe, Volcano Telephone, and Pacific Telesis. (Not permitted to testify is Quantum Technology, later to become AOL.)
- 1984: Gateshead SIS/Tesco is first B2C online shopping and Mrs Snowball, 72, is the first online home shopper[5]
- 1984: In April 1984, CompuServe launches the Electronic Mall in the USA and Canada. It is the first comprehensive electronic commerce service.[6]
- 1984: California becomes first US state to enact an Electronic Commerce Act defining basic consumer rights online.[citation needed]
- 1990: Tim Berners-Lee writes the first web browser, WorldWideWeb, using a NeXT computer.[7]
- 1992: Book Stacks Unlimited in Cleveland opens a commercial sales website (www.books.com) selling books online with credit card processing.
- 1992: St. Martin's Press publishes J.H. Snider and Terra Ziporyn's Future Shop: How New Technologies Will Change the Way We Shop and What We Buy.[8]
- 1992: Terry Brownell launches a fully graphical, iconic navigated Bulletin board system online shopping using RoboBOARD/FX.[citation needed]
- 1993: Paget Press releases edition No. 3 of the first[citation needed] AppStore, The Electronic AppWrapper[9]
- 1994: Netscape releases the Navigator browser in October under the code name Mozilla. Netscape 1.0 is introduced in late 1994 with SSL encryption that made transactions secure.
- 1995: The US National Science Foundation lifts its former strict prohibition of commercial enterprise on the Internet.[10]
- 1995: Thursday 27 April 1995, the purchase of a book by Paul Stanfield, Product Manager for CompuServe UK, from W H Smith's shop within CompuServe's UK Shopping Centre is the UK's first national online shopping service secure transaction. The shopping service at launch featured W H Smith, Tesco, Virgin Megastores/Our Price, Great Universal Stores (GUS), Interflora, Dixons Retail, Past Times, PC World (retailer) and Innovations.[11]
- 1995: Jeff Bezos launches Amazon.com and the first commercial-free 24-hour, internet-only radio stations, Radio HK and NetRadio start broadcasting. Dell and Cisco begin to aggressively use Internet for commercial transactions.[citation needed] eBay is founded by computer programmer Pierre Omidyar as AuctionWeb.
- 1996: IndiaMART B2B marketplace established in India.
- 1996: ECPlaza B2B marketplace established in Korea.
- 1996: Sellerdeck, formerly Actinic, the UK's first PC/LAN e-commerce platform established.[citation needed]
- 1998: Electronic postal stamps can be purchased and downloaded for printing from the Web.[12]
- 1999: Alibaba Group is established in China. Business.com sold for US $7.5 million to eCompanies, which was purchased in 1997 for US $149,000. The peer-to-peer filesharing software Napster launches. ATG Stores launches to sell decorative items for the home online.
- 2000: The dot-com bust.
- 2001: Alibaba.com achieved profitability in December 2001.
- 2002: eBay acquires PayPal for $1.5 billion.[13] Niche retail companies Wayfair and NetShops are founded with the concept of selling products through several targeted domains, rather than a central portal.
- 2003: Amazon.com posts first yearly profit.
- 2004: DHgate.com, China's first online b2b transaction platform, is established, forcing other b2b sites to move away from the "yellow pages" model.[14]
- 2007: Business.com acquired by R.H. Donnelley for $345 million.[15]
- 2009: Zappos.com acquired by Amazon.com for $928 million.[16] Retail Convergence, operator of private sale website RueLaLa.com, acquired by GSI Commerce for $180 million, plus up to $170 million in earn-out payments based on performance through 2012.[17]
- 2010: Groupon reportedly rejects a $6 billion offer from Google. Instead, the group buying websites went ahead with an IPO on 4 November 2011. It was the largest IPO since Google.[18][19]
- 2011: Quidsi.com, parent company of Diapers.com, acquired by Amazon.com for $500 million in cash plus $45 million in debt and other obligations.[20] GSI Commerce, a company specializing in creating, developing and running online shopping sites for brick and mortar businesses, acquired by eBay for $2.4 billion.[21]
- 2012: US eCommerce and Online Retail sales projected to reach $226 billion, an increase of 12 percent over 2011.[22]
- 2012: US eCommerce and Online Retail holiday sales reach $33.8 billion, up 13 percent.[23]
- 2013 Blucora, Inc. (NASDAQ:BCOR) buys Monoprice, an online provider of self-branded consumer electronics and accessories in an all-cash transaction of $180 million.[24]
Business Applications[edit]
Some common applications related to electronic commerce are the following:
- Document automation in supply chain and logistics
- Domestic and international Payment systems
- Enterprise content management
- Group buying
- Automated online assistants
- Instant messaging
- Newsgroups
- Online shopping and order tracking
- Online banking
- Online office suites
- Shopping cart software
- Teleconferencing
- Electronic tickets
- Social-networking
Types of e-commerce[edit]
The major different types of e-commerce are:
- Business-to-Business (B2B):
B2B e-commerce is simply defined as e-commerce between companies. This is the type of e-commerce that deals with relationships between and among businesses. About 80% of e-commerce is of this type, and most experts predict that B2B e-commerce will continue to grow faster than the B2C segment. The B2B market has two primary components: e-infrastructure and e-markets.
- Business-to-Consumer (B2C):
Business-to-consumer e-commerce, or commerce between companies and consumers, involves customers gathering information; purchasing physical goods (i.e., tangibles such as books or consumer products) or information goods (or goods of electronic material or digitized content, such as software, or e-books); and, for information goods, receiving products over an electronic network. It is the second largest and the earliest form of e-commerce.
- Business-to-Government (B2G):
Business-to-government e-commerce or B2G is generally defined as commerce between companies and the public sector. It refers to the use of the Internet for public procurement, licensing procedures, and other government-related operations. This kind of e-commerce has two features: first, the public sector assumes a pilot/leading role in establishing e-commerce; and second, it is assumed that the public sector has the greatest need for making its procurement system more effective. Web-based purchasing policies increase the transparency of the procurement process (and reduces the risk of irregularities). To date, however, the size of the B2G e-commerce market as a component of total e-commerce is insignificant, as government e-procurement systems remain undeveloped.
- Consumer-to-Consumer (C2C):
Consumer-to-consumer e-commerce or C2C is simply commerce between private individuals or consumers. This type of e-commerce is characterized by the growth of electronic marketplaces and online auctions, particularly in vertical industries where firms/businesses can bid for what they want from among multiple suppliers. It perhaps has the greatest potential for developing new markets.
- Mobile Commerce (m-commerce):
M-commerce (mobile commerce) is the buying and selling of goods and services through wireless technology-i.e., handheld devices such as cellular telephones and personal digital assistants (PDAs). Japan is seen as a global leader in m-commerce. As content delivery over wireless devices becomes faster, more secure, and scalable, some believe that m-commerce will surpass wireline e-commerce as the method of choice for digital commerce transactions. This may well be true for the Asia-Pacific where there are more mobile phone users than there are Internet users.
Governmental regulation[edit]
In the United States, some electronic commerce activities are regulated by the Federal Trade Commission (FTC). These activities include the use of commercial e-mails, online advertising and consumer privacy. The CAN-SPAM Act of 2003 establishes national standards for direct marketing over e-mail. The Federal Trade Commission Act regulates all forms of advertising, including online advertising, and states that advertising must be truthful and non-deceptive.[25] Using its authority under Section 5 of the FTC Act, which prohibits unfair or deceptive practices, the FTC has brought a number of cases to enforce the promises in corporate privacy statements, including promises about the security of consumers' personal information.[26] As result, any corporate privacy policy related to e-commerce activity may be subject to enforcement by the FTC.
The Ryan Haight Online Pharmacy Consumer Protection Act of 2008, which came into law in 2008, amends the Controlled Substances Act to address online pharmacies.[27]
Internationally there is the International Consumer Protection and Enforcement Network (ICPEN), which was formed in 1991 from an informal network of government customer fair trade organisations. The purpose was stated as being to find ways of co-operating on tackling consumer problems connected with cross-border transactions in both goods and services, and to help ensure exchanges of information among the participants for mutual benefit and understanding. From this came Econsumer.gov, an ICPEN initiative since April 2001. It is a portal to report complaints about online and related transactions with foreign companies.
There is also Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) was established in 1989 with the vision of achieving stability, security and prosperity for the region through free and open trade and investment. APEC has an Electronic Commerce Stearing Group as well as working on common privacy regulations throughout the APEC region.
In Australia, Trade is covered under Australian Treasury Guidelines for electronic commerce,[28] and the Australian Competition and Consumer Commission[29] regulates and offers advice on how to deal with businesses online,[30] and offers specific advice on what happens if things go wrong.[31]
Also Australian government e-commerce website[32] provides information on e-commerce in Australia.
In the United Kingdom, The FSA (Financial Services Authority)[33] is the competent authority for most aspects of the Payment Services Directive (PSD). The UK implemented the PSD through the Payment Services Regulations 2009 (PSRs), which came into effect on 1 November 2009. The PSR affects firms providing payment services and their customers. These firms include banks, non-bank credit card issuers and non-bank merchant acquirers, e-money issuers, etc. The PSRs created a new class of regulated firms known as payment institutions (PIs), who are subject to prudential requirements. Article 87 of the PSD requires the European Commission to report on the implementation and impact of the PSD by 1 November 2012.[34]
Contemporary electronic commerce involves everything from ordering "digital" content for immediate online consumption, to ordering conventional goods and services, to "meta" services to facilitate other types of electronic commerce.
On the institutional level, big corporations and financial institutions use the internet to exchange financial data to facilitate domestic and international business. Data integrity and security are very hot and pressing issues for electronic commerce.
Aside from traditional e-Commerce, m-Commerce as well as the nascent t-Commerce[35] channels are often seen as the current 2013 poster children of electronic I-Commerce.
Global trends[edit]
In 2010, the United Kingdom had the biggest e-commerce market in the world when measured by the amount spent per capita.[36] The Czech Republic is the European country where ecommerce delivers the biggest contribution to the enterprises´ total revenue. Almost a quarter (24%) of the country's total turnover is generated via the online channel.[37]
Among emerging economies, China's e-commerce presence continues[when?] to expand. With 384 million internet users, China's online shopping sales rose to $36.6 billion in 2009 and one of the reasons behind the huge growth has been the improved trust level for shoppers. The Chinese retailers have been able to help consumers feel more comfortable shopping online.[38] China's cross-border e-commerce is also growing rapidly. E-commerce transactions between China and other countries increased 32% to 2.3 trillion yuan ($375.8 billion) in 2012 and accounted for 9.6% of China's total international trade [39]
Other BRIC countries are witnessing the accelerated growth of eCommerce as well. In Russia, the total ecommerce market is projected to total somewhere between 690 billion rubles ($23 billion) and 900 billion rubles ($30 billion) in 2015, at 2010 values. This will equal 5% of total retail volume in Russia. Longer-term, the market size of Russian e-commerce could reach $50 billion by 2020. Ecommerce players need to understand unique insights about trust factor, online payments and language peculiarities to penetrate the Russian market. Brazil's eCommerce is growing quickly with retail eCommerce sales expected to grow at a healthy double-digit pace through 2014. By 2016, eMarketer expects retail ecommerce sales in Brazil to reach $17.3 billion.[40] India's ecommerce growth, on the other hand, has been slower although the country's potential remains solid considering its surging economy, the rapid growth of internet penetration, English language proficiency and a vast market of 1.2 billion consumers (although perhaps only 50 million access the internet through PCs and some estimate the most active group of e-commerce customers numbers only 2-3 million). E-commerce traffic grew about 50% from 2011 to 2012, from 26.1 million to 37.5 million, according to a report released by Com Score. Still much of the estimated 14 billion dollars in 2012 ecommerce was generated from travel sites.
eCommerce is also expanding across the Middle East. Having recorded the world's fastest growth in internet usage between 2000 and 2009, the region is now[when?] home to more than 60 million internet users. Retail, travel and gaming are the region's top eCommerce segments, in spite of difficulties such as the lack of region-wide legal frameworks and logistical problems in cross-border transportation[citation needed]. E-Commerce has become an important tool for small and large businesses worldwide, not only to sell to customers, but also to engage them.[41][42]
In 2012, ecommerce sales topped $1 trillion for the first time in history.[43]
Impact on markets and retailers[edit]
Economists have theorized that e-commerce ought to lead to intensified price competition, as it increases consumers' ability to gather information about products and prices. Research by four economists at the University of Chicago has found that the growth of online shopping has also affected industry structure in two areas that have seen significant growth in e-commerce, bookshops and travel agencies. Generally, larger firms are able to use economies of scale and offer lower prices. The lone exception to this pattern has been the very smallest category of bookseller, shops with between one and four employees, which appear to have withstood the trend.[44]
Distribution channels[edit]
This section does not cite any references or sources. (June 2013) |
E-commerce has grown in importance as companies have adopted Pure-Click and Brick and Click channel systems. We can distinguish between pure-click and brick and click channel system adopted by companies.
- Pure-Click or Pureplay companies are those that have launched a website without any previous existence as a firm.
- Bricks-and-Clicks companies are those existing companies that have added an online site for e-commerce.
See also[edit]
- Alternative Payments
- Mobile commerce
- Comparison of shopping cart software
- Digital economy
- Electronic bill payment
- Electronic money
- E-commerce credit card payment system
- List of free and open source eCommerce software
- Non-store retailing
- Online marketplace
- Paid content
- Payments as a service
- Payment card
- Social commerce
- Virtual economy
- Wire transfer
- ^ "Online highs are old as the net: the first e-commerce was a drugs deal". The Guardian. 19 April 2013. Retrieved 17 June 2013.
- ^ Tkacz, Ewaryst; Kapczynski, Adrian (2009). Internet — Technical Development and Applications. Springer. p. 255. ISBN 978-3-642-05018-3. Retrieved 28 March 2011. "The first pilot system was installing in Tesco in the UK (first demonstrated in 1979 by Michael Aldrich)."
- ^ 1988 Palmer.C Using IT for competitive advantage at Thomson Holidays, Long range Planning Vol 21 No.6 p26-29, Institute of Strategic Studies Journal,London- Pergamon Press [now Elsevier.B.V.] December 1988.
- ^ "E Commerce – Essays – Hpandurang92". Study mode. Retrieved 17 June 2013.
- ^ Aldrich, Michael. "Finding Mrs Snowball". Retrieved 8 March 2012.
- ^ "The Electronic Mall". GS Brown. 30 April 2010. Retrieved 17 June 2013.
- ^ "Tim Berners-Lee: WorldWideWeb, the first Web client". W3. Retrieved 21 December 2012.
- ^ Snider, J.H.; Ziporyn, Terra (1992). Future Shop: How New Technologies Will Change the Way We Shop and What We Buy. St. Martin's Press. ISBN 978-0-312-06359-7. Retrieved 28 December 2012.
- ^ "AppWrapper Volume 1 Issue 3 Ships" (press release).
- ^ Kevin, Kelly (August 2005), "We Are the Web", Wired 13 (8) .
- ^ IMRG Special Report – £100 bn spent online since 1995, UK: M‐Y books[dead link]
- ^ "FIrst Electronic Stamps Being Put to Test". Sunday Business. April 6, 1998. Retrieved 16 July 2013.
- ^ "eBay acquires PayPal". Investor. eBay. Retrieved 21 December 2012.
- ^ "Diane Wang: Rounding up the "Ant" Heroes". Sino Foreign Management. Retrieved 3 September 2011.
- ^ "R.H. Donnelley Acquires Business.com for $345M". Domain Name Wire. Retrieved 4 September 2011.
- ^ "Amazon Buys Zappos; The Price is $928m, not $847m". TechCrunch. 22 July 2009. Retrieved 21 December 2012.
- ^ Ahmed, Saqib Iqbal (27 October 2009). "GSI Commerce to buy Retail Convergence for $180 mln". Reuters. Retrieved 6 April 2013.
- ^ "Groupon rejects Google's $6 billion offer". MS‐NBC. MSN. 3 December 2010. Retrieved 21 December 2012.
- ^ "Groupon's IPO biggest by U.S. Web company since Google". Archived from the original on 13 September 2012. Retrieved 13 September 2012.
- ^ "Amazon buys Diapers.com parent in $545 mln deal". MarketWatch. Retrieved 21 December 2012.
- ^ "eBay Acquires GSI Commerce For $2.4 Billion in Cash And Debt". TechCrunch. 28 March 2011. Retrieved 21 December 2012.
- ^ "US Online Retail Forecast, 2011 to 2016". Forrester Research.
- ^ "Holiday E-Commerce Sales Up 13 Percent To $34B; This Past Week Was Heaviest Online Shopping Period on Record". TechCrunch. 16 December 2012. Retrieved 21 December 2012.
- ^ Miller, Ben (1). "Blucora buying Monoprice for $180M". Puget Sound Business Journal. Retrieved 19 December 2013.
- ^ "Advertising and Marketing on the Internet: Rules of the Road". Federal Trade Commission.
- ^ "Enforcing Privacy Promises: Section 5 of the FTC Act". Federal Trade Commission.
- ^ "H.R. 6353: Ryan Haight Online Pharmacy Consumer Protection Act of 2008". Govtrack.
- ^ "Australian Treasury Guidelines for electronic commerce". Australian Federal Government.
- ^ "Australian Competition and Consumer Commission". Australian Federal Government.
- ^ "Dealing with Businesses Online in Australia". Australian Federal Government.
- ^ "What to do if thing go wrong in Australia". Australian Federal Government.
- ^ "Australian government ecommerce website". Australian Federal Government.
- ^ "The Payment Services Regulations 2009". UK: Legislation. Retrieved 17 June 2013.
- ^ Hacon, Tom. "T-Commerce – What the tablet can do for brands and their consumers". Governor Technology. Retrieved 2013-03-233.
- ^ Robinson, James (28 October 2010). "UK's internet industry worth £100bn". The Guardian (report). Retrieved 21 December 2012.
- ^ Eurostat (18 June 2013). "Ecommerce contribution in Europe" (infographic). Retrieved 18 June 2013.
- ^ Olsen, Robert (18 January 2010). "China's migration to eCommerce". Forbes.
- ^ Tong, Frank (16 September 2013). "China's cross-border e-commerce tops $375 billion in 2012". Internet Retailer.
- ^ "More Buyers Join Brazil's Robust Ecommerce Market". eMarketer.
- ^ Eisingerich, Andreas B.; Kretschmer, Tobias (March 2008). "In E-Commerce, More is More". Harvard Business Review 86: 20–21.
- ^ Burgess, S; Sellitto, C; Karanasios, S (2009), Effective Web Presence Solutions for Small Businesses: Strategies and Successful Implementation, IGI Global.
- ^ "Ecommerce Sales Topped $1 Trillion for First Time in 2012". eMarketer. Retrieved 14 May 2013.
- ^ "Economics focus: The click and the dead". The Economist. 3–9 July 2010. p. 78.
Further reading[edit]
- Laudon, Kenneth C.; Guercio Traver, Carol (2014). E-commerce. business. technology. society. 10th edition. Pearson. ISBN 978-013-302444-9.
- Chaudhury, Abijit; Kuilboer, Jean-Pierre (2002). e-Business and e-Commerce Infrastructure. McGraw-Hill. ISBN 0-07-247875-6.
- Frieden, Jonathan D.; Roche, Sean Patrick (19 December 2006). "E-Commerce: Legal Issues of the Online Retailer in Virginia" (PDF). Richmond Journal of Law and Technology 13 (2).
- Graham, Mark (2008). "Warped Geographies of Development: The Internet and Theories of Economic Development" (PDF). Geography Compass 2 (3): 771. doi:10.1111/j.1749-8198.2008.00093.x.
- Humeau, Philippe; Jung, Matthieu (21 June 2013). In depth benchmark of 12 ecommerce solutions (PDF).
- Kessler, M (2003), "More shoppers proceed to checkout online", USA today, retrieved January 13, 2004.
- Kotler, Philip (2009). Marketing Management. Pearson: Prentice-Hall. ISBN 978-81-317-1683-0.
- Miller, Roger (2002). The Legal and E-Commerce Environment Today (hardcover ed.). Thomson Learning. ISBN 0-324-06188-9. 741 pp.
- Nissanoff, Daniel (2006). FutureShop: How the New Auction Culture Will Revolutionize the Way We Buy, Sell and Get the Things We Really Want (hardcover ed.). The Penguin Press. ISBN 1-59420-077-7. 246 pp.
- Seybold, Pat (2001). Customers.com. Crown Business Books (Random House). ISBN 0-609-60772-3.
External links[edit]
Wikibooks has a book on the topic of: The Information Age |
- E-Commerce and E-Business at Wikibooks
- Small Business E-Commerce Resources, US: SBA.


text:
Lydia's Lovin' Foods
Live Coconut Curry - 16oz
Cauliflower, broccoli, cabbage, cilantro, parsley, carrots, red bell pepper, lemon, salt, w/ coconut cashew sunflower seed sauce on a bed of "raw cauliflower rice."
Collard Wrap - 7oz
Collards, carrots, cabbage, red bell pepper, cilantro, cashew "cheez" (cashews, sesame seeds, tomato, olive oil, lemon juice, sunflower oil, Herbs de Provence, & salt) w/sesame dill sauce, dulse seaweed.
Lovin' Burger - 5 oz
Quinoa, carrots, beets, sunflower, sesame & flax seed, celery, kale, parsley, basil, sunflower oil, salt, cumin, chili, cayenne.
Handmade Blinis - 5 oz
Sprouted buckwheat, filtered water, sunflower oil, Herb de Provence, basil, rosemary, thyme, parsley, marjoram, lavender, & tarragon, salt.
Kale Salad - 16oz
Kale, carrots, celery, arame seaweed, & sesame seeds in a ginger, tamari, cold pressed sesame oil dressing.
Purple Goddess - 16oz
Purple cabbage, carrots, beets, kale, dulse seaweed, kalamata olives parsley, sunflower oil, apple cider vinegar, dill and salt.
Green Alkalizing Soup - 16 fl oz
Kale, cucumber, celery, parsley, cilantro, basil, avocado, dulse seaweed, lemon, ginger and salt.
Luna Almond Paté - 8 oz
Sprouted almonds, carrots, celery, green onions, dulse seaweed, lemon and salt.
Cashew "Cheez" - 8 oz
Cashews, sesame seeds, tomato, olive oil, lemon juice, Herbs de Provence and salt.
Coconut Almond Hummus - 8 oz
Coconut, sprouted almonds, cashews, sesame seeds, zucchini, celery, parsley, lemon, salt and cumin.
Chocolates - 1.5oz ea
Cacao, agave and coconut oil.
Choices of Flavors: Mint, cayenne, raspberry cashew filled.
Macaroons - 4 pack 5.5oz
Coconut, sprouted almonds, coconut oil, agave, & cacao.
Raw "Cheez" Cakes - 5.5oz ea.
Almonds, walnuts, coconut, dates, apple, cashews, agave, vanilla, Irish moss, cinnamon and salt.
Choices of Flavors: Blueberry, raspberry, chocolate, chocolate raspberry.
Green Powerballs - 5 pack 6oz
Sprouted almonds, sprouted sunflower seeds, dates, raisins, toasted carob, Lydia's Green Power (alfalfa, wheatgrass, barley, chlorella, spirulina, nettle, rosehips, licorice, fennel, dandelion, kelp, beet, ginger, burdock, stevia and peppermint powder).
Marin Independent Journal
After their headlining show at the Marin County Fair Friday night, hungry members of the Los Angeles band Ozomatli did the same thing that Weird Al Yankovic did a couple of nights before: They headed over to Lydia's Organics, a local food vendor whose tamale plate won first prize for a main dish in the fair's Second Annual Good Fare Showcase competition.
"The guys from Ozomatli all got super burgers," said Lydia's Tess Tatol, explaining that a super burger is a veggie burger with vegan pesto on a gluten-free bun that Lydia's makes out of sprouted buckwheat.
Weird Al went for a curry special, one of Lydia's raw dishes. Lydia's, which began in Fairfax and is now based in Petaluma... full article
(Where To Buy)


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Partnered with a ground crew predominately made up of fellow pilots, Dick Guisto, Mike Florio, and Vinnie Melling harness their commercial-pilot expertise for each Aerostat Promotions flight. After a half-hour of balloon inflation and preparation, up to four guests join their pilot at sunrise or 2.5 hours before sunset for an hour-long flight that affords aerial views of the Pioneer Valley's breathtaking landscapes, abundant wildlife, and residential homes. Meanwhile, a chase team tracks the balloon from terra firma as it traverses approximately 10 miles of sky. Once visitors and their pilot rendezvous with the team, balloons are packed into a truck or twisted into to-scale elephant balloon animals before the group shares a champagne toast and appetizers.
When autumn arrives, Rolling Acres opens its gates to visitors young and old to enjoy adventures among its various attractions. Birthday parties, field trips, and family outings descend upon the farm throughout the fall to explore the corn maze, which, in the past, has sent groups zigzagging through labyrinths shaped like an elephant, a lion, and a castle. Outside the maize maze, putters earn holes in one or 12 on the mini-golf course, and nearby, jumpers launch skyward on a giant jumping pillow. Aside from manufacturing smiles, Rolling Acres also produces and distributes alternative-fuel products.
The two screens of Tower Theaters host an eclectic cast of characters, from the flying superheroes of summer blockbusters to elaborately costumed opera singers. And 3-D technology propels many of them toward the audience with the vivid clarity of digital projection. The dancers and singers appear as part of a monthly opera and ballet series, which showcases stage productions such as Caravaggio or Die Fledermaus in digital HD. But on the first Saturday of every month, film and live performance combine with midnight showings of The Rocky Horror Picture Show, during which a shadow cast poses in front of the screen to mirror the cult classic's plot and catch Tim Curry when he falls out.
Encompassed by tall, spindly trees, players hunker down in wooden castles and slink along fence posts hoping the crunch of leaves underfoot doesn't give them away. Tense moments like these add up at Camelot Paintball where players trek four woodsball fields and three tournament fields kept under the watchful eyes of experienced refs. Before taking the fields, visitors can stop by the pro shop or shake the rust from trigger fingers at the fully netted shooting range. The battlegrounds are also available for birthday parties and team-building events.
Crab Apple Whitewater sends adventure seekers on river-bound thrill rides daily from early April through mid-October using inflatable kayaks for Class I–II rapids and larger group rafts for Class II–IV rapids. Crab Apple Whitewater charts routes through the Berkshire Mountains on rivers such as the Deerfield, making use of natural flows and daily dam releases in order to control the challenge for kayakers and rafters of all skill levels. Trips are consistent due to dam control, but vary based on interpretations of fortunes found in the guide's tea leaves the night before. All adventurers strap on provided helmets and life jackets and attend a safety lecture prior to casting off.


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The April edition of Terrorism Update, ADL's newsletter providing news and analysis on international terrorist organizations and their followers in the U.S., is now available.
The feature article highlights the use of the Al Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula magazine Inspire by domestic extremists motivated by radical interpretations of Islam. Authorities reportedly confirmed that Dzhokhar and Tamerlan Tsarnaev, the alleged Boston Marathon bombers, used bomb making instructions found in the pages of Inspire.
The profile examines the Tsarnaev brothers' social media profiles and online interests, including their apparent fascination with militancy and Islam. Parallels between Tamerlan Tsarnaev, the dead Boston Marathon bombing suspect, and an Australian preacher named Feiz Mohammad are also explored.
This edition also includes information on recent terror-related arrests in Illinois, Oregon, and Virginia, as well updates to terror prosecutions in Washington, Florida and New Jersey.
To subscribe to ADL's Terrorism Update newsletter, click on the below image:
Tags: ADL, al qaeda in the arabian peninsula, arrests, boston bombing, Boston marathon bombing, dzhokhar, feiz mohammad, inspire magazine, plots, prosecutions, subscribe, tamerlan, terrorism, terrorism update, tsarnaev


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Group Visits
SCHEDULING A VISITWe want to make every group's visit a great experience! Please call at least one week in advance (785-776-4741 ext. 125) and have several dates/times in mind. Librarians must schedule groups around library programs and staff availability. Group visits usually last about 45 minutes or less. We ask that groups have at least one adult per 10 children. Large groups may need to be split into two groups for tours or presentations so that everyone can see and hear well. Group leaders or adult sponsors are expected to stay with their group at all times and to handle behavior issues. We are happy to work with group leaders to cover specific areas of interest.SUMMER READING Many groups enjoy coming in more frequently during the summer months. We welcome you to plan library time in your weekly schedules. We will try accomodate your group during times when the library is not as crowded, so give us a call! Children in your group may join the summer reading program and keep track of their reading time at home and at day care/camp to earn prizes. Leaders may register their children online, or ask for paper registration forms. |
STORYTIMES AND TOURSYou may request to have a storytime and/or tour of the Children's Room presented by a librarian. Storytimes for group visits consist of 20-30 minutes of stories read aloud, and are limited to one presentation per month. Let staff know if you would like stories on a certain theme or topic. Tours of the Children's Room can include an explanation of the different kinds of books in the room and where they are shelved, how to use the online library catalog, and information about what librarians do and how libraries work. Tours of other parts of the library are also available if scheduled in advance, such as the teen area, adult book areas, media collection (movies, audiobooks & music), and the check-out desk. |
COMPUTERSThe Children's Room has several computers with children's game software and filtered Internet access. Children must have a valid library card with them to use computers. Printing fees are 10 cents per page (prepay using library card). Please be aware that other children in the library who are not with your group may also be signing up for the computers at the same time. Other computers in the library may be an option for research if needed. |


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Designed for our Working Community
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Public Administration Program
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Do you currently work for federal, state or local government? Do you have your two year degree or 60 transferable credit hours of college coursework? Have you always wanted to earn your Bachelor's degree? Flagler College has a special program for you that is exceptionally affordable, high quality, and conveniently scheduled.
Achieve Your Dream and Advance Your Career
The Public Administration Program at Flagler College offers a Bachelor of Science Degree in Public Administration. Its curriculum has been designed specifically to meet the educational and career objectives of public sector professionals.
Faculty members possess advanced academic degrees and extensive public sector experience. Examples of courses in the Public Administration curriculum include public management, program evaluation, public budgeting, human resources, administrative ethics, public policy and grant writing.
A High Quality Affordable Education
Flagler College ranks in the top tier of Southern baccalaureate colleges in U.S. News & World Report's "America's Best Colleges." The Princeton Review lists Flagler College among "The Best 373 Colleges" in America.
The Florida Resident Access Grant (FRAG) makes pursuing your degree exceptionally affordable. For the 2013-2014 academic year, total tuition for this program is $3,000.00 or $1,500 a semester. Full-time students who qualify for the FRAG receive $2,500.00 towards the cost of tuition. This year, the FRAG pays 83% of the cost of annual student tuition. The total out of pocket cost to students is $500 for the entire academic year or $250 a semester. Many students are also able to access tuition reimbursement from their employer to help towards the cost of the $250 tuition each semester. Nowhere else in Northeast Florida can an employee of local government earn their Bachelor's degree in public administration at a prestigious private college for $500 a year.
Classes are conveniently scheduled for working professionals in the evenings and on select Saturdays.
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Florida Trend Profile of the Public Administration Program (PDF)
Questions or Comments
If you would like to learn more about the Public Administration Program, please contact:
Dr. Don D. Berglund at firstname.lastname@example.com or (904) 819-6440.


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4H Day to be held on Oct. 23
Special to The Herald
Homecoming tickets for Mississippi State University versus University of Alabama are available through Yazoo County MSU Extension Office.
MSU will play UAB for Homecoming on Oct. 23.
Mississippi 4-H is a proud sponsor of "4-H Day" at MSU Homecoming. There will be a tailgate party located across the street from the Cullis Wade Depot on West Stone Boulevard near the Cellular South Fan Fair.
-------for the rest of the story see The Yazoo Herald printed edition or subscribe to the Digital Edition.----------


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Hopefully by now you've all seen the teaser video and read about the very, very cool announcements we made at insideAR this year. I honestly wish that I could adequately describe insideAR. Maybe it's because I helped assemble and move 15-20 very heavy table. Maybe watching these camera arrays and industrial prototyping demos come to life, piece by piece gives one more of an appreciation in seeing the finished product. Maybe it was just my first time in Germany, combined with the anticipation of Oktoberfest in Bavaria, combined with the excitement of meeting all of the people with whom I've only ever communicated via Skype or telephone or email. Luckily, we don't have to rely on my floundering attempts at description- we have videos!
This is the first clip of many that we plan to roll out over the coming days and weeks, demonstrating the current and future technologies under the hood (sometimes literally) of metaio.
insideAR was divided into various exhibition segments- one of these was called "Augmented Living", where we demonstrated some of the potential uses of AR in the household, including the new junaio 3.0 SCAN release that allows the user to get pricing and ingredient information from grocery item barcodes. In that same area, we were also showing our Bosch 3D studio app for iPad that allows people to practically redesign their kitchens with new appliances- without ever leaving their homes.
Many attendees played around with the Around Me Geo Trivia junaio game is a very creative example of how gaming, education and mobile AR can work together to shape an engaging user experience. Sensor fusion takes elements that we tend to take for granted — orientation, geographical relative position, radial distance — and translates them into usable information- in this case, a very fun trivia game.
Our company was built on out-of-the-box industrial solutions, so it should be no surprise to see those prototyping examples in the above video. The sub-millimeter tracking with a guided camera-arm would allow any manufacturer the highest digital scrutiny in examining a prototype on the factory floor; and with the "window-to-the-world"-type 3D mapping you can overlay the original wireframe to the real-word object itself, regardless of its size. With this kind of technology, metaio is naturally bridging the industrial gap between the digital creation and the physical construction of a given product.
Really cool stuff we're talking about here. Really cool.
Once again, we're going to be rolling out all sorts of video in the near future, so be sure to either subscribe to this blog or to our YouTube channel (or both!) in order to stay posted.


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a little red star
I have some big news! And I still can't believe it.
I'm a Fashionista at ScrapInStyleTV! Which means I will be part of the most rocking scrapbook design team on the planet, and have a little red star next to my name. If you haven't checked out SIStv before, it's definitely the go-to place to find lots of inspiration and some really cool, talented people.
I have looked up to so many of the Fashionistas for a long time and never, ever dreamed I'd be part of the team.
So thank you, JJ - a.k.a. 'Big Sis' - for taking a chance on me. It's an honor.
SIStv is one of those places where there is just a real, genuine camaraderie.
As cheeseball as it may sound, I have made so many amazing friends through SIS since I joined in 2007.
Sure, we have a common bond through our love of a hobby.
And we can have in-depth discussions about things like paper manufacturers, stickers and adhesive.
But we also know the names of each others' spouses and kids ... and so much more. We laugh, we joke, we listen ... and laugh some more. No holding back.
As you may remember from a previous post, I was lucky enough get the opportunity to hang out with a bunch of my SISters in June. Like, in real life. Sure, we met on the internet. But when we were finally all together in the same room, you would have sworn that we had grown up together. (Photo jacked from the lovely Mandi.)
We had such a great time that we are already planning another get-together next month at the Renegade Craft Fair in Chicago. So excited for that! Because it's truly a rare thing when you connect with other women from all over the place (and I mean all over the place ... Sandy is from Canada, Danielle is in Mexico) but have so much fun together that everyone makes travel plans to meet, just to see all of those wonderful faces in person again. I kind of love that.
So here's to my SISters. My new and old Fashionista pals. And to new adventures down the road. Much love.
29 comments:
- mandiegirl said...
Congrats! That is SO exciting! :)
- August 12, 2009 9:12 PM
- Alex Hardy said...
you are a wonderful addition to SIS.
Congrats! - August 12, 2009 9:16 PM
- Sara*P said...
Yeehaw, that's some awesome news!!! Congrats and I can't wait to see more of your work!!
- August 12, 2009 9:17 PM
- Vanessa said...
I'm so weepy for you right now! yay yay yay!
love you! (do we say that? well, we do now!) - August 12, 2009 9:23 PM
- Jamie said...
yay for you!!!!
- August 12, 2009 9:35 PM
- BRANDY said...
YO! That's flippin awesome! Nice work!
- August 12, 2009 9:46 PM
- Mandi said...
hooray! :D
- August 12, 2009 10:02 PM
- Patty said...
Effing awesome Jen!!!!!! They made the perfect choice that is for sure:)
You are an inspiration to me and I am sure to many many others.
Cant wait to see all the ways you help contribute to Scrap in Style.
See ya next month:) - August 12, 2009 10:14 PM
- Vee said...
awesome Jen!!!!!!! :) so happy for you!
- August 12, 2009 10:38 PM
- cococricketsmama said...
awww...why didn't you email and tell me?? Or call? Congrats-of course they'd pick you-you are so super talented!!! I'll call you manana-k??? tha's so AWESOME!
- August 12, 2009 10:52 PM
- Becca said...
I'm sooooo excited that the announcement has FINALLY been made! : )
So glad you joined us.
So so glad.
p.s. Why am I not in any of these pictures? I think I took a couple of them, though! Next time, I'll stick my thumb in front of the lens. : ) - August 12, 2009 10:59 PM
- Lexi said...
- August 13, 2009 7:49 AM
- TheresaK said...
Congrats!!!!!! So exciting!~
- August 13, 2009 7:52 AM
- allison said...
Congrats Jen!! You super deserve it! Can't wait to see all the amazingness you will add to SIS!
- August 13, 2009 8:21 AM
- Kara said...
YAYYYY! Congratulations! :D
- August 13, 2009 9:52 AM
- cynthia said...
Awesome! Awesome! Awesome! and another Awesome:)
- August 13, 2009 11:12 AM
- Beth Perry said...
that is soooo awesome!!!! Congrats, my beautiful friend! You deserve it!
B - August 13, 2009 11:33 AM
- Amy said...
Congratulations!! I suppose if I logged in to SIS more than once a month I might notice that!!
- August 13, 2009 12:03 PM
- shaina said...
oh my gosh girl.... i am soooo excited for you. that is fantastic!! you'll be an awesome addition to the wonderful world that is SIS!
i'm so bummed that i wasn't able to come to SISaversary and meet all of you wonderful ladies! i hope you ALL know what an inspiration you are to me!
congrats friend!
<3 - August 13, 2009 12:15 PM
- metrochic said...
i'm so happy you're so happy! because that means that smile. ;) congrats and LOVEYOU! i'll have extra sonic ice in celebration! sad i'm missing chi after all but will see you soon! YAY!
- August 13, 2009 1:21 PM
- Jeans said...
great post jen g! i'm so excited to work with you!! :)
- August 13, 2009 3:09 PM
- miss morgan... said...
so excited to see you bring the rock to that little red star! i know you'll be doing some really rad stuff, cause it's how you do!
- August 13, 2009 4:05 PM
- Julie Tucker-Wolek said...
CONGRATS Jen!!! WAYYYYYYYYYYYYYY AWESOME! :):):):):):):):):):):)
- August 13, 2009 9:42 PM
- Alexa said...
Congrats! How exciting for you!
- August 14, 2009 3:26 PM
- Sugar Sweet Sunshine said...
Congrats! You deserve it!
- August 14, 2009 5:03 PM
- Martha Bonneau said...
So excited for you and even more excited to see you next month at Renegade!!
xoxo - August 16, 2009 8:44 AM
- ~divian said...
You are soooo awesome! So glad you are with us!!!
- August 16, 2009 2:55 PM
- amytangerine said...
(i'm a little late on the congrats because i was out of the country).
SOOOO happy for you! (and us!) - August 26, 2009 12:46 AM
- Maia said...
Are you guys all teaming together for a both at renegade?!
I'll definately have to keep an eye out! - September 01, 2009 3:40 AM


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Happy nearly February, CCCers! I hope you've all had a wonderful week, and that you've had a chance to relax and create and spend time with the ones you love.
I've had a lot of sweet emails and comments wondering what's going to happen when the Compendium of Curiosities Challenge concludes in a few weeks. Without giving anything away quite yet, I'll just tell you that the end is NOT the end (that either sounds really Jedi, or really lame...I'm not sure which!). Stay tuned for more info as Challenge #35 (the final CCC) gets closer. ;-)
Right now, though, we're on lucky number 30! Are you ready to roll? Please open your Compendium of Curiosities to page 48, and let's put the paint to the metal!
If you've participated in the CCC before, you know that Gloria, who hosts the awesome All Things Tim group over at Yahoo, has been here every single week, generously sending a prize from her personal stash to a lucky participant. This week, Gloria asked if All Things Tim could be the main sponsor of Challenge 30, and I couldn't be more delighted or honored!
Gloria pours her heart and soul into the All Things Tim group, and is one of the most supportive and kind people in the crafting universe. She's been a wonderful friend to me and an incredible List Mom for the group. If you're not a member over there yet, please join! It's a genuinely wonderful way to meet other Tim fans, share ideas and learn so much cool stuff!
Gloria is going to send a spectacular MYSTERY PRIZE PACKAGE to the lucky winner of CCC #30! I can't tell you what's in it, but I can tell you it's going to be fabulous! To be eligible to win, simply create your own art using the Altered Metal with Paint technique and link it to this blog via the InLinkz button at the bottom of this post. You're in the running as long as you honor these two simple rules:
1. Follow the technique as it's written in A Compendium of Curiosities (adding your own special flair, of course!); and
2. Out of respect to Tim, please don't post the technique instructions on your blog!
I hope you all have a magnificent week, and that February brings you all kinds of good stuff! I think it's going to be a great month, don't you?


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We only stayed one night in this hostel and overall the stay was ok. The twin rooms are very small and the bathrooms are still quite dirty. There is a pool in the patio, however this doesn't look very appealing to have a swim... However, in comparism with other hostels, the low price justifies the quality and I would recommend... More
- Official Description (provided by the hotel):
- Family Hostel, warm atmosphere. Where you can meet people from different places, enjoying various excursions hadbecome porgaman all year, Also enjoy barbecues, wine tastings, cooking classes. Our goal is to have the best care and you feel like home. ... more less
- Reservation Options:
- TripAdvisor is proud to partner with HostelWorld and HostelBookers so you can book your Estacion Mendoza Hostel reservations with confidence. We help millions of travellers each month to find the perfect hotel for both holiday and business trips, always with the best discounts and special offers.


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Would be willing to do it, but am on a mac and there is no guide for it...
shouldn't take more than a day..
Really not needed. Most Danes understand English perfectly and I actually think that Danish gamers prefer their games in English. I have yet to see one person who has Steam set to danish (except for myself).
I'm Danish, and I prefer all my games in English.
...and I got Steam on English as well.
I agree. From what i've experienced, most danish people want their games in english, including myself.
I agree with you all on that. But I have to admit, that translating it is kinda fun. Kinda fun to have such a game in Danish. Defense Tower = Forsvars T?rn etc.
But while I'm translating, I have a question:
Wouldn't it be stupid to translate spells and items, while it will be hard to figure out what the other players are talking about if it's translated?
EDIT: I discovered that you can't use ae oe aa in the ingame chat, etc when somebody kills a player it appears in the chat. Only works in the menu.
Tror kun at menuen/indstillinger skulle overs?ttes. S? Voice -> Tale - Audio -> Lyd - Graphic -> Grafik osv. osv.
Hvis spells/items skal overs?ttes s? tager det for det f?rste ?ndsvagt meget tid + der vil v?re delte meninger om overs?ttelsen.
Og pr?cis, hvis man skal til at overs?tte tingene til engelsk og omvendt konstant fordi du spiller med andresprogede mennesker, s? bliver det super forvirrende.
Menu & Indstillinger - Ja
Magier, Helte og Dele - Nej
Most of the translation from english to danish in video games are hideous...
Team Fortress 2 achievements *shudder* some of them even told you to wrong things!
Take a look at my hero suggestions:
The_Chaplain [From Savage 2, includes Ressurection!]
The_Savage [From Savage 2, features the Charge-O-Meter!]
As mentioned above, this would most likely be a waste of time. Just every danish citizen is able to speak/read english. Also, most english to danish translations ends up being misleading and actually not even be correctly translated.
I as a dane, also prefer all my games including windows itself in english. Its just much easier..
Well, there is kids that maybe liked to play the game aswell and they dont get the enjoy playing a game when they dont understand it.
But myself (a dane) i'd pref having my games english. Many games ive played on danish have ruined the game imo.
I only speak english, but would maybe play the Danish translation for a while seeing how I want to go to Denmark and need to familarize myself with the language :P
I wouldn't be able to ask to buy things or where is, but I would be able to tell people to place wards and don't pick scout haha
The red part: Which can only be considered a good thing(For us players) - a bad thing perhaps for S2Games, however most danish 'Kids' 15+ are very strong in english. Translating games(And movies) removes a certain atmosphere and 'mystique' around the game/movie. Terrible voice acting that doesn't match or terrible description on heroes/items/anything can ruin things pretty much.
Take a look at Danish movie translations. Atleast 90% of every foreign movie that get's it's headtitle translated to Danish, doesn't match the native headtitle of the movie. Neither would I believe danish translation in HoN would be accurate.
Heltene af Newerth - Newerth's Helte - Shamanen's hovedbekl?dning.
Kids will play it anyhow, you don't need to know alot of English to play this. I don't see how giving kids from the States, England, Australia etc. the option to play but keeping those from other countries from having as good an experience is a win for the players. And regarding translations of movie titles and such, you're correct it's not directly translated, since they often try to translate it into something that makes more sense in Danish, perhaps even a commonly used phrase or something similar.
Not gonna use a translated version at all, just saying.
Who want a danish translation? the english is much better, and have HoN in danish, geez...
Wingbow = Vingebue
Doombringer = ?del?ggelsesbringer
Symbol of Rage = Symbol for Vrede
Please, do us a favor, dont do this
When you see on the arguments against it, I can actually only agree on not bringing in the danish. Eventhough I've made this thread, I think it would do us all a favor if danish is not brought in.


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Skanda Purana
Part of a series on |
Hindu scriptures |
Rig vedic
Aitareya |
Manu Smriti
Artha Shastra · Agama Tantra · Sutra · Stotra Dharmashastra Divya Prabandha Tevaram Ramcharitmanas Yoga Vasistha swara yoga · Shiva Samhita Samarsār · Narpatijacharya seven Yamalās Goraksha Samhita Panchadasi · Vedantasara |
The Skanda Purana is the largest Mahapurana, a genre of eighteen Hindu religious texts.1 The text is devoted mainly to the lilas of Kartikeya, a son of Shiva and Parvati. It also contains a number of legends about Shiva, and the holy places associated with him. This Mahapurana was recited by the sage Vyasa, and is available in distinct parts, sometimes fragmented too. It also describes the Shaiva tradition in Hemakuta region (near Vijayanagar) of Karnataka, Kashi Khanda describes the Shaiva tradition of Varanasi, and the Utkala Khanda part tells of Odisha's Puruṣottamakṣetramāhātmya. The Padma Purana categorizes Skanda Purana as a Tamas Purana (Purana of darkness or ignorance).2
The contents
Traditionally, the whole corpus of texts, which are considered as part of the Skanda Purana is grouped in two ways. According to a tradition, these are grouped in six saṁhitās, each of which consists of several khaṇḍas. According to another tradition, these are grouped in seven khaṇḍas. The currently available printed editions of this text are published by the Bangabasi Press, Calcutta, the Shri Venkateshvara Press, Bombay (1910) and the N.K. Press, Lucknow and all these editions include seven khaṇḍas (parts): Maheśvara, Viṣṇu or Vaiṣṇava, Brahma, Kāśī, Āvantya, Nāgara and Prabhāsa.3 In 1999–2003, an English translation of this text was published by the Motilal Banarsidass, New Delhi in 20 volumes. This translation is also based on a text divided into seven khaṇḍas.
The seven khandas
The Maheśvara Khaṇḍa consists of three sections:3
- the Kedāra Khaṇḍa (35 chapters)
- the Kaumārikā Khaṇḍa or Kumārikā Khaṇḍa (66 chapters) and
- the Arunācala Khaṇḍa or Arunācala Māhātmya, further divided into two parts:
- Pūrvārdha (13 chapters) and
- Uttarārdha (24 chapters)
The Viṣṇu Khaṇḍa or Vaiṣṇava Khaṇḍa consists of nine sections:3
- Veṅkaṭācalamāhātmya (40 chapters)
- Puruṣottamakṣetramāhātmya (49 chapters)
- Badarikāśramamāhātmya (8 chapters)
- Kārttikamāsamāhātmya (36 chapters)
- Mārgaśirṣamāsamāhātmya 17 chapters)
- Bhāgavatamāhātmya (4 chapters)
- Vaiśākhamāsamāhātmya (25 chapters)
- Ayodhyāmāhātmya (10 chapters) and
- Vāsudevamāhātmya (32 chapters)
The Brahma Khaṇḍa has three sections:3
- Setumāhātmya (52 chapters)
- Dharmāraṇya Khaṇḍa (40 chapters) and
- Uttara Khaṇḍa or Brahmottara Khaṇḍa (22 chapters)
The Kāśī Khaṇḍa is divided into two parts:3
- Pūrvārdha (50 chapters) and
- Uttarārdha (50 chapters)
The Āvantya Khaṇḍa consists of:3
- Avantikṣetramāhātmya (71 chapters)
- Caturaśītiliṅgamāhātmya (84 chapters) and
- Revā Khaṇḍa (232 chapters)
The Nāgara Khaṇḍa (279 chapters) consists of Tirthamāhātmya.3
The Prabhāsa Khaṇḍa (491 chapters) consists of:3
- Prabhāsakṣetramāhātmya (365 chapters)
- Vastrāpathakṣetramāhātmya (19 chapters)
- Arvuda Khaṇḍa (63 chapters) and
- Dvārakāmāhātmya (44 chapters)
The six samhitas
The second type of division of the Skanda Purana is found in some texts like Hālasyamāhātmya of the Agastya Saṁhitā or the Śaṁkarī Saṁhitā, Sambhava Kāṇḍa of the Śaṁkarī Saṁhitā, Śivamāhātmya Khaṇḍa of the Sūta Saṁhitā and Kālikā Khaṇḍa of the Sanatkumāra Saṁhitā. According to these texts, the Skanda Purana consists of six saṁhitās (sections):
- the Sanatkumāra Saṁhitā
- the Sūta Saṁhitā
- the Śaṁkarī Saṁhitā
- the Vaiṣṇavī Saṁhitā
- the Brāhmī Saṁhitā and
- the Saura Saṁhitā
The manuscripts of the Sanatkumāra Saṁhitā, the Śaṁkarī Saṁhitā, the Sūta Saṁhitā and the Saura Saṁhitā are extant. A manuscript of a commentary on the Sūta Saṁhitā by Madhavācārya is also available.3
The other texts
The manuscripts of several other texts which claim to be part of the Skanda Purana are found partially or wholly. Some of the notable texts amongst these are: Himavat Khaṇḍa which contains Nepālamāhātmya (30 chapters), Kanakādri Khaṇḍa, Bhīma Khaṇḍa, Śivarahasya Khaṇḍa, Sahyādri Khaṇḍa, Ayodhyā Khaṇḍa, Mathurā Khaṇḍa and Pātāla Khaṇḍa.3
The popular narratives
Some of the popular narratives described in the Skanda Purana are:
- The yajña (sacrifice) of Prajapati Daksha
- The churning of the ocean and the emergence of Amrita (Ambrosia)
- The story of the demon Tarakasura
- The birth of Goddess Parvati and her marriage to Lord Shiva
- The birth of Kartikeya
- The killing of the demon Tarakasura by Kartikeya
- The killing of Pralambasura
- The queries of Karamdham
- The killing of the demons Shumbh, Nishimbh and Mahishasura
- An account of Vishnukund
- The story of Padmavati
- A description of various holy places associated with Shiva and Skanda
- The story of Trishanku and sage Vishvamitra
- A description of Narakas (Hell)
- A description of Jyotirlingas – the important holy shrines associated with Lord Shiva.
- A description of Navadurgas
See also
- Guru Gita
- Kachiyapper wrote the Tamil counterpart, the Kandapuranam
- Kartikay
- Kartikkeya
- ^ Ganesh Vasudeo Tagare (1996). Studies in Skanda Purāṇa. Published by Motilal Banarsidass, ISBN 81-208-1260-3
- ^ Wilson, H. H. (1840). The Vishnu Purana: A system of Hindu mythology and tradition. Oriental Translation Fund. p. 12.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Shastri, P. (1995) Introduction to the Puranas, New Delhi: Rashtriya Sanskrit Sansthan, pp.118–20
Further reading
- Mani, Vettam. Puranic Encyclopedia. 1st English ed. New Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, 1975.
External links
- original Sanskrit text
- Excerpts from Skanda Purana
- Skanda Purāṇa 1–2
- Skanda Purāṇa 3–4
- Sanskrit text
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December 2013 Donations
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FFI Contact: Matt Carrothers Director of Media Relations 404-656-4269
Georgia State Election Board Announces October Meeting
Atlanta—Georgia Secretary of State Karen Handel, chairman of the Georgia State Election Board, today announced the information for the Board's October meeting.
Georgia State Election Board Meeting
Floyd Building (Twin Towers) West Tower, Room 512 2 Martin Luther King, Jr. Dr. Atlanta, GA 30334
Monday, October 26, 2009 at 10:00 a.m.
More Information:
Information regarding the meeting of the Georgia State Election Board may be obtained by calling the Elections Division of the Georgia Secretary of State's Office at 404-656-2871 or at http://www.gaseb.org.
All media inquiries about the meeting should be made to the Press Office at 404-656-4269.
A copy of agenda materials will be available five days prior to the Board meeting on the State Election Board website at http://www.gaseb.org.


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As part of the agreement, Nasser Al-Attiyah will drive a Qatar M-Sport World Rally Team Ford Fiesta RS WRC on seven rounds starting with February's Rally Sweden, while two additional Fiestas could appear on all 13 rounds subject to confirmation.
"We are delighted to welcome such a prestigious partner as Qatar on board for 2013," said M-Sport boss Malcolm Wilson, whose firm had been searching for a replacement backer after Ford withdrew its WRC sponsorship following a 16-year association with the British company.
"The partnership with Nasser and the Qatari State will enable M-Sport to continue at the pinnacle of the sport and we are looking forward to working together in the future. Since the 2012 season came to a close, work has not stopped and the entire team is working around the clock to ensure we deliver a strong package for next year."
Al-Attiyah (pictured right with Wilson) has enjoyed a successful relationship with M-Sport over the years. He took the firm's Fiesta S2000 to victory on its debut rally in Qatar in 2010 - the same weekend that Mikko Hirvonen triumphed on Rallye Monte-Carlo in a sister machine - and has relied on Fiesta technology for his FIA Middle East championship campaign in recent seasons.
"We are looking forward to building on our strong relationship with M-Sport and working with them in 2013," said Al-Attiyah. "I have a good knowledge of the car having driven the Fiesta S2000 to its debut win in 2010 and [I am] now looking to secure my eighth title in the Middle East with the Fiesta RRC. I am really looking forward to getting behind the wheel of the Fiesta RS WRC and contesting as many WRC events as I can around my other motorsport commitments."
Al-Attiyah took part on eight rounds of this year's world championship in a Qatar-backed Citroen DS3 WRC. His best result was fourth place on Vodafone Rally de Portugal in April. Italian Giovanni Bernacchini will continue to co-drive.
Details of the other Qatar M-Sport drivers are likely to be announced soon. Wilson has spoken of his desire to sign Mads Ostberg, while former factory Ford pilot and 2003 world champion Petter Solberg said at the weekend that he would be willing to drive for free if it meant continuing his career in the WRC.


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'Frozen' Remains Ahead of 'Catching Fire' on MondayDecember 10, 2013 11:46 AM
Disney's Frozen took in $2.05 million on Monday to remain in first place at the daily box office for a third consecutive day. The 3D computer animated blockbuster from Walt Disney Animation was down 79 percent from Sunday and down just 18 percent from last Monday. Daily percentage holds in general on Monday were stronger than usual for this time of year due to there being snow days throughout various areas of the country, after Sunday's grosses were already a bit deflated from the winter weather. Frozen continues to exceed expectations with $136.30 million after 13 days of wide release. That places the film a strong 40 percent ahead of the $97.62 million 13-day take of 2010's Tangled.
The Hunger Games: Catching Fire grossed $1.94 million to place in second. Lionsgate's blockbuster sequel was down 70 percent from Sunday and down 43 percent from last Monday. Catching Fire has grossed $337.79 million through 18 days of release. That places the film 10 percent ahead of the $306.59 million 18-day take of last year's The Hunger Games. It will be interesting to see whether or not Catching Fire is able to stabilize this coming weekend with the arrival of Warner's anticipated The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug in the marketplace on Friday.
Daily Domestic Gross Tue, Oct. 10 1989
← previous next →# | Title | Tue, Oct. 10 1989 | Locations | Avg. | Total | Wks. | Dist. | ||
1 | Parenthood | $156,354 | -43% | 1,358 | -16 | $115 | $85,474,225 | 10 | Universal |


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Renewable energy and smart grids rely on optical electronics technology
April 18, 2012 10:02 am | by Chun Keong Tee, Avago | Articles | CommentsRenewable power generation technologies based on solar and wind are usually discussed in terms of photovoltaic arrays and very large land- and sea-based turbines. Behind these very visible physical structures that can encompass many acres sit the optoelectronic components that provide the galvanic isolation...
Barrier films in e-readers: Their form and function
April 13, 2012 10:27 am | by Eric Barker, Application Development Engineer with FLEXcon's Flexible Electronics Division | Articles | CommentsThere is no question that among the most popular and more affordable hand-held electronic devices to hit the market in recent years are e-readers based on e-paper. They go by various names and several brands (Nook, Kindle, Sony, etc) but they all function in the same manner.
Robust hardware security devices made possible by laser direct structuring
April 12, 2012 9:57 am | by James Liddle, SelectConnect Technologies, Palatine, Illinois | Articles | CommentsA wide range of devices are designed to handle, convey and store sensitive information that require varying degrees of security from protecting low level administrative to classified and top secret information. In addition, the information and data can reside in an equally wide range of locations and environments...
Does the battery fuel gauge lie?
April 5, 2012 5:53 am | by Isidor Buchmann, CEO & founder of Cadex Electronics Inc. www.BatteryUniversity.com; firstname.lastname@example.com | Articles | CommentsMeasuring stored energy in an electrochemical device, such as a battery, is complex and state-of-charge (SoC) readings on a fuel gauge provide only a rough estimate.Users often compare battery SoC with the fuel gauge of a vehicle.
RC analog-to-digital converters simplify design of temperature, humidity, & CO instrumentation
March 22, 2012 8:27 am | by Alec Melnick, Sr. Applications Engineer, Lapis Semiconductor | Articles | CommentsTemperature, humidity and other physical measurements in digital instrumentation typically utilize successive approximation (SA) analog-to-digital conversion (ADC) techniques to acquire data.
Getting the silent treatment from your TV? You don't have to take it anymore
March 21, 2012 5:29 am | by Les Tyler, President, dbx-tv | Articles | CommentsToday's flat-panel TV sets have bright, detailed pictures. They look great even when not operating, as a result of thin profiles and disappearing bezels. And, they connect so easily to the Internet, Skype, and BluRay players...
High-tech risk management: Sophisticated inspection procedures & equipment for counterfeit detection
March 14, 2012 5:34 am | by Robert W. Chesla, Senior Project Engineer, Rockwell Automation & Nora Gibbs, Account Executive, Smith & Associates | Articles | CommentsA successful and effective anti-counterfeiting strategy must be implemented when an end-product manufacturer purchases components from an independent distributor.
Fundamentals of ambient energy transducers in energy harvesting systems
March 13, 2012 9:22 am | by John Carpenter and Yogesh Ramadass, Texas Instruments | Articles | CommentsSophisticated battery-operated electronic systems and self-powered devices recently have found diverse applications in existing autonomous and handheld objects. Significant advancements in CMOS process technologies and circuit techniques...
Simplifying appliance design with capacitive touch sensing using SoC architectures
March 6, 2012 5:21 am | by Robert Jania, Cypress Semiconductor Corp. | Articles | CommentsIn small home appliances such as microwave ovens, coffer brewing systems, rice cookers and induction cookers, there has been a growing demand for capacitive sensing interfaces. These interfaces, typically buttons and sliders, can help differentiate a product...
Battery recycling as a business
February 21, 2012 7:03 am | by Isidor Buchmann, CEO & founder of Cadex Electronics www.BatteryUniversity.com; email@example.com | Articles | CommentsLithium-ion batteries are expensive to manufacture and this is mainly due tothe high raw material cost and complex preparation processes. The most costly metal of most Li-ion is cobalt, a hard lustrous gray material that's also used to manufacture magnets and high-strength alloys.
Flow Processing Dominates Latest Embedded Communications Designs
February 2, 2012 5:17 am | by Jarrod Siket, Senior Vice President & General Manager, Marketing at Netronome | Articles | CommentsDesigners of networking and communications equipment can feel the Earth moving beneath their feet. These dramatic changes have been caused by the increasing need to process traffic as stateful flows instead of individual packets.
Antenna Integration and Selection
February 1, 2012 12:00 pm | by Chris Anderson, Chief Solutions Technologist, Spectrum Design Solutions, a subsidiary of Digi International | Articles | CommentsThe single most important factor in designing a radio-based product – be it GPS, cellular or an ISM-band device – is the antenna plan. Not just the antenna itself, but the whole plan. What kinds of antennas make sense for the product based on size...
Firewalls for Embedded Applications
January 31, 2012 4:45 am | by Alan Grau, President of Icon Labs | Articles | CommentsIn the past few years embedded devices, including industrial controls and monitoring systems, have taken a huge leap forward in connectivity. Over half of the embedded devices released this year will be connected to the Internet, exposing them to a wide array of cyber-threats.
Remote wireless test with LXI
January 27, 2012 9:42 am | by Neil Forcier, Agilent Technologies, www.agilent.com | Articles | CommentsImagine if all of your instruments had the ability to connect to a WiFi network or act as a WiFi router instead of a wired IO interface. Considering this, here are some ways it could make your testing life easier.
Application-Specific MOSFETs
January 18, 2012 11:16 am | by Sampat Shekhawat, Bob Brockway, and BongJoo Choi, Fairchild Semiconductor | Articles | CommentsThyristor and Bipolar Junction Transistors (BJT) were the only power switches until the MOSFET was introduced in the late 1970s. The BJT is a current-controlled device; whereas the MOSFET is a voltage-controlled device. In the 1980s, the IGBT was introduced...
Simplify AISG Control Systems by Integrating the Hardware Discrete Transceiver
January 18, 2012 7:48 am | by Maurizio Gavardoni, Applications Manager, Maxim Integrated Products | Articles | CommentsThe latest generations of wireless networks have been developed to provide the high-speed data services required by data-intensive smartphone applications. Yet, deployment of this infrastructure has been costly, and coverage has been notably inadequate in some areas.
Charging without Wires
January 18, 2012 6:31 am | by Isidor Buchmann, CEO & founder of Cadex Electronics Inc., www.BatteryUniversity.com; firstname.lastname@example.com | Articles | CommentsWireless charging may one day replace plugs and wires similar to how Wi-Fi and Bluetooth have modernized personal communication. Wireless charging with inductive coupling uses an electromagnetic field that transfers energy from the transmitter to the receiver.
Portable Power at the Heart of Defibrillators
January 16, 2012 9:15 am | by Joe Carcone, VP Sales & Marketing, Contour Energy Systems | Articles | CommentsImplantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) save thousands of lives annually for patients with weak or damaged hearts who are at heightened risk of sudden cardiac arrest. The ICD is battery-powered, and when the battery's charge depletes, it must be replaced.
Deadline for 3rd Edition of EN 60601-1 Looms
December 14, 2011 6:32 am | by Jeffrey VanZwol, Micro Power Electronics, firstname.lastname@example.com, www.micro-power.com | Articles | CommentsIEC 60601-1 applies to all electrical and electronic medical devices and its accessories. The 3rd edition is in the process of being adopted by global regulatory authorities. But on a national level, regulatory affectivity dates are not harmonized across global jurisdictions.
Power Efficiency Is Key Factor in Device Miniaturization
December 9, 2011 7:52 am | by Stephen J. Swift, Sr. Vice President/General Manager, Microsemi Corporation, Communications and Medical Products Group | Articles | CommentsReducing the size of electronic products has become an increasingly important system design objective, especially in applications such as medical implantable devices that are used for a variety of new and emerging therapies and diagnostics.
UPS technologies enhance efficiency
December 6, 2011 5:28 am | by David Sonner, Senior Director Product Marketing, Liebert AC Power, Emerson Network Power | Articles | CommentsToday's data centers are expected to deliver more computing capacity while operating more efficiently, eliminating downtime and adapting to constant change. Infrastructure technologies are rising to the challenge by evolving to support higher density equipment...
What type of LED driver or power supply do I need?
December 5, 2011 5:16 am | by Mel Berman, TDK-Lambda Americas | Articles | CommentsConventional AC-DC power supplies and DC-DC converters provide an output that is regulated to provide a "constant-voltage." However, LEDs work most efficiently and safest with a "constant-current" drive. As a result, many new devices have been developed to provide this type of LED drive.
Accelerating PCB Power Delivery Network Design and Analysis
December 1, 2011 8:54 am | by Dennis Nagle, Staff Product Engineer & Dingru Xiao, Staff Product Engineer, Cadence Design Systems | Articles | CommentsCurrent design trends have made the power delivery network (PDN) of a printed circuit board (PCB) as critical as multi-gigabit data channels. Continuous increases in clock frequencies have coupled with large increases in power, while voltage levels have trended lower and lower.
Resistors Answer Design Challenges for Harsh Environments
November 14, 2011 6:18 am | by Kory Schroeder, Stackpole Electronics Inc., www.seielect.com | Articles | CommentsMany engineers are surprised to learn that commodity thick film chips, the most commonly specified resistor today, perform well in high moisture environments, but have some long-term reliability concerns in high-sulfur environments. In addition, certain SMD and thru-hole metal film resistors are susceptible to corrosion due to moisture. Fortunately, there are answers to both of these design challenges.
Design Considerations for a Harsh Industrial Environment
November 11, 2011 5:43 am | by Robert Gee, Business Manager, Maxim Integrated Products & Shasta Thomas, Strategic Applications Engineer, Maxim Integrated Products | Articles | CommentsSemiconductor (IC) robustness—what is the operating temperature range? How is high electrical noise handled? What about ESD and fault protection? These issues are not necessarily the first things that a design engineer thinks about when selecting an IC.


text: Home World Blacks and the Arab-Israeli Conflict Over time, blacks have become more sympathetic to Palestinians, but they won't express their views loudly -- despite President Obama's plunge into the Middle East conflict. By: E.R. Shipp Posted: May 28 2011 12:43 AM 0 Courtesy of Life Blacks in the United States have a complicated history with the Middle East. We identify with the Jewish Old Testament history. Think how many times we've crossed the Jordan River or told Moses to tell Pharoah to let our people go. In Moses' time, Egyptians -- Africans -- held Jews in captivity. In the mid-20th-century civil rights era, Jews were some of our staunchest supporters when we woke up with "our minds stayed on freedom." In the Mississippi about which Nina Simone so famously sang, the three civil rights workers lynched in 1964 included two Jewish men. After the fight for voting rights, most dramatically demonstrated by the Selma-to-Montgomery march over the Edmund Pettus Bridge in 1965, blacks and Jews found less to agree upon -- especially when affirmative action took center stage. But for decades, many blacks have increasingly identified with Palestinians because they see them as underdogs in the superpower plays that cast Israel as the bully, supported by billions of dollars from the U.S. government and a very activist Jewish-American community. Palestinians appeal to many of us because of their enduring freedom struggle. We can identify with being displaced and dispersed, with having limited rights, with poverty, with being stigmatized. Even former U.S. Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice is reported to have privately pointed out the obvious parallels with the black experience. Before President Obama, when blacks tried to point out that Palestinians have a freedom song that should be heard, they got into trouble. Jesse Jackson, who has committed a number of gaffes when it comes to American Jews and Israel, embraced Yasser Arafat in 1979 and again in 2002 -- each time to widespread censure. Arafat, the über-Palestinian leader, died in 2004 without realizing his goal of a Palestinian state and without convincing Israel that he was a man of peace. Think of Andrew Young's loss of his United Nations ambassadorship after it became public that he had met with representatives of the Palestine Liberation Organization -- ironically, to head off a confrontation at the U.N. Think of former Rep. Cynthia McKinney's checkered political career, defined and thwarted mainly by her willingness to embrace the Palestinian cause. Those incidents may explain why so few black voices are heard on the Middle East today. It's been wrenching to see President Obama left swaying in the wind for saying in public speeches what other presidents have long said behind closed doors: Israel needs to move toward a peace that includes Palestinians living in their own "nonmilitarized" state. "For decades, the conflict between Israelis and Arabs has cast a shadow over the region," the president said last week. "For Israelis, it has meant living with the fear that their children could be blown up on a bus or by rockets fired at their homes, as well as the pain of knowing that other children in the region are taught to hate them. For Palestinians, it has meant suffering the humiliation of occupation, and never living in a nation of their own. Moreover, this conflict has come with a larger cost to the Middle East, as it impedes partnerships that could bring greater security and prosperity and empowerment to ordinary people. "For over two years, my administration has worked with the parties and the international community to end this conflict, building on decades of work by previous administrations. Yet expectations have gone unmet. Israeli settlement activity continues. Palestinians have walked away from talks. The world looks at a conflict that has grinded on and on and on, and sees nothing but stalemate. Indeed, there are those who argue that with all the change and uncertainty in the region, it is simply not possible to move forward now." Obama wants negotiations to start with the borders that existed in June 1967 -- before there was a war between Israel and its Arab neighbors. Negotiations would involve land swaps so that Israel could keep some of its settlements in the West Bank. This is what the president said: "Precisely because of our friendship, it is important that we tell the truth: The status quo is unsustainable, and Israel must act boldly to advance a lasting peace. The dream of a Jewish and democratic state cannot be fulfilled with permanent occupation." Page 1 of 2 NEXT PAGE > Powered by Livefyre


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3 Meetup Groups match "Shakespeare" near Germantown, MD
There are no upcoming Meetups.
This group was founded as a sister group to the DC Area Shakespeare Explorers. The Baltimore Shakespeare Factory sponsors this group as part of it's ongoing mission to expose people af all ages and backgrounds in Bmore (and beyond) to the Bard! Members are encouraged to post any and all activities that are Shakespeare related on this site! More Shakespeare is always a good thing!!!
Meetup details are available only to members.
"Go to your bosom..." - Measure for Measure SHAKESPEARE LOVERS - Chevy Chase, MD "Shakespeare Lovers" is dedicated to studying and savoring a single play per season, followed by a post-reading DVD Party to wrap up each cycle! The plays are chosen based on what is being performed at either the Shakespeare Theatre or the Folger Theatre during a given season. My goal is to ensure a focus on Shakespeare's own words - chosen for their poetic beauty, their wisdom, or both - to facilitate our discussi …
Meetup details are available only to members.
We are a friendly group of people who live in the DC-metro area and are all interested in exploring the works of Shakespeare, starting with the plays. Together, we read, see, discuss, and otherwise *explore* Shakespeare (we will maybe even practice the plays, at least in part!). We welcome anyone with an interest in spending time with the Bard. Hope to see you at a meetup sometime very soon!
Get an alert email when new Meetup Groups like this start near you.
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Jenny Slate
Jenny Slate is a delightful sprite of comedy with some amazing credits. Like her season on SNL. Or her hugely popular web series Bestie X Bestie. Or her even more hugely popular video Marcel the Shell with Shoes On which has recently been turned into a book (whatever that is).


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Hometown Hero Nick Clemons
He won a medal of valor for saving 22 lives!!
A Good Review From This Corner
Can Dale sing like Carrie Underwood?
The Love + Theft kids get together
About that Taylor Swift thing...
Might want to pay for the extra padding...
Girl can't sell mistletoe...but why??


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Trade and Investment Rules for Energy
II. Promoting Energy-related Investments
In dealing with energy investments, several factors predominate, viz., the length of the planning process, the long-term life of energy infrastructure, the required length of the payback period on invested capital. All of this points to the need for a stable, long-term and transparent regulatory climate over the life of those investments. As part of these endeavours, the following elements merit special attention.
The Meaning of "Energy Investment"
The upfront investment phase of energy projects may involve significant commitments in terms of time, effort, and money, notwithstanding that the actual decision to fully commit capital may have not yet been made. Recognizing that circumstances differ from project to project, the Task Force believes it could be desirable to formulate a set of non-binding benchmarks to better ensure that legitimate preparatory financial commitments and expenditures in the "pre-investment" phase of energy projects are fairly and equitably treated by host States.
At the same time, there should be some way to determine when other kinds of activity (such as exploratory meetings and prospective investigations) are not truly related to pre-investment activity and so are outside the scope of investment protection rules. A particular issue for consideration is foreign-sourced or foreign-financed research and development activity in the host State that may or may not be related to a subsequent investment activity by the enterprise concerned.
Fair and Equitable Treatment and Full Protection and Security
Terms such as "fair and equitable treatment," etc., are widely used in international agreements; however, they are not always used consistently or with the same intent and have been interpreted differently by arbitration tribunals. Some international instruments imply that the meanings are interchangeable or substantively close, while others distinguish between the two. Given this divergence, it seems appropriate for governments to explore ways of better defining their meaning and scope.
Non-Discrimination - National Treatment
A central underpinning of bilateral investment agreements is to ensure that qualified energy investments and investors are treated the same as domestic investors in "like circumstances." The primary obligation of the host State under these treaties is to accord standards of national treatment (subject only to special rules allowing exceptions in specific circumstances). Ensuring respect for the national treatment rule is critical for the energy sector.
One of the more challenging issues regarding national treatment is to determine when a foreign investor or an investment is in "like circumstances" to a domestic investor or investment. How "like" must the investment or the investor be? Can there be different or "unlike" circumstances depending on the size of the investment or some differences in technology between the local investment project and the foreign-invested project? These matters also merit clarification.
In the trade area, several GATT and WTO panels have concluded that breaching national treatment requirements is not confined to cases of de jure discrimination. Discrimination can equally exist where there is less favourable de facto treatment, whereby a foreign good or service is not accorded equality of commercial opportunities in the domestic market vis-à-vis a local product. This doctrine has been applied in numerous investor State arbitration awards. It is recognized that an analogy to the GATT/WTO national treatment obligations in the context of investments is not perfect and should be used with a degree of caution. Nevertheless, GATT/WTO jurisprudence offers a useful reference point in clarifying the standard of national treatment for energy investments.
Non-Discrimination - Most Favoured Nation Treatment
There are hidden complexities in ensuring MFN treatment where the host State has entered into different investment protection agreements with a variety of States. Because the level of investor treatment in these agreements may differ, it becomes a challenge to determine how to apply the MFN obligation across a spectrum of different treaties and to avoid preferences being accorded to one foreign source of capital over another.
Expropriation and Nationalization
A sine qua non for energy investors is a guaranty against unfair, discriminatory, or improper seizure of assets by governments, and assuring those investors that their rights to open procedures and the rule of law will be respected, including unfettered access to impartial judicial processes and effective and expeditious compensation.
Experience in the application of BITs and FIPAs shows that cases of direct expropriation are normally not difficult to determine. More difficulty lies in determining when governmental action leads to "indirect" expropriation. Indirect expropriation, often called "creeping" expropriation, can take many forms, including disguised or opaque regulations and policies that have the effect of removing or depreciating the value of an investment.
By the same token, many domestic regulations and policy changes are totally legitimate as acts of State and fall outside the realm of expropriation. Because international jurisprudence has been inconsistent and because of the desirability for greater precision, it would be valuable to define those elements that can determine what would amount to an indirect expropriation through a regulatory "taking" in energy investment situations. These rules would build on emerging jurisprudence in this area.
Movement of Capital
An essential component of investment security is the right to move capital in and out of host States. The Task Force believes there is value in setting down some form of nonbinding guidelines respecting rights over the movement of capital and the repatriation of profits specific to the energy sector. Numerous BITs and FIPAs contain model provisions that can be used for this purpose.
Transparency and Related Issues
Modern BITs and FIPAs contain obligations ensuring that investment related regulations are public and subject to open and transparent procedures. While details vary, transparency obligations and corresponding rights of investors to challenge failures of governments to meet these obligations are fairly standard, but vary in terminology and scope from agreement to agreement. Because of concerns over arbitrary and non-transparent regulations affecting the energy sector, it may be useful to consider ways in which these obligations can be made more precise.
Role of State-Owned Enterprises
State-owned companies can be important players in the energy sector. Their role varies from country to country, reflecting the fact that natural resources are sovereign assets and frequently under the administration of State agencies. These government-owned or controlled entities are frequently main or major participators in the development, generation, distribution, and delivery of energy goods and services.
The Task Force sees value in ensuring that governments respect standards of non-discrimination in respect of energy investments made by State-owned corporations. By the same token, it is important to ensure that management of State-owned corporations respect these same rules, and that governments not use these enterprises as surrogates to accomplish indirectly what would be impermissible if done by governments directly.
Under the GATT, State Trading Enterprises (STE) are required to act consistently with the non-discrimination and other requirements of the agreement in their purchases and sales. STEs are specific kinds of enterprises and cannot subsume all types of State-owned corporations. The question for consideration is the extent to which GATT obligations respecting the conduct of STEs can or should be made applicable to State-owned or controlled entities in the energy sector.
Exceptions and Safeguards
Exceptions to the application of investment rules, similar to those in the GATT, have been widely used in BITs and FIPAs. The terms vary, but it is common to provide States with the right to control the entry and establishment of foreign investments, to exempt whole sectors of the economy from coverage, and to exclude obligations for purposes of host State regulation of the economy or with respect to health, social benefits, and other areas of public policy.
To the extent that the host State decides not to include all or portions of the energy sector in their bilateral agreements, little can be done. Otherwise, given the importance of energy to global development, it would be useful for governments to agree on some form of guiding principles to limit exclusions, reservations, or exceptions of energy investments covered in these kinds of treaties.
Other Issues - Effective and Efficient Dispute Resolution
International dispute settlement is becoming more procedurally complex and increasingly costly, even when seemingly straightforward factual situations are involved. Increasing attention has been given in international legal circles on ways to simplify the arbitration process (where used) to reduce length and cost for participants, while at the same time taking into account that certain disputes require arbitrators with special expertise. The goal is to make it more predictable and efficient and, ultimately, less lengthy and less costly for all stakeholders.