text:
Before the
Rockville, MD 20852
In the Matter of
180-Day Generic Drug Exclusivity
for Abbreviated New Drug Applications
Docket No. 85N-0214
November 4, 1999*
*Inquiries regarding this Comment should be directed to
Michael Wroblewski (202) 326-2155
I. The FTC's Interest in this Proceeding.
The staff of the Bureau of Competition and of Policy Planning of the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) welcomes this opportunity to present its views on important competition issues raised in the above-captioned proceeding. (1) In this proceeding, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has issued a Proposed Rule with the purpose of clarifying existing eligibility requirements for abbreviated new drug application (ANDA) applicants and remedying its rules in light of recent court decisions invalidating portions of FDA's current regulations. (2) The FDA intends that the Proposed Rule will permit the prompt entry of generic drug products into the market while maintaining the incentive of marketing exclusivity for generic drug manufacturers. (3) In particular, the Proposed Rule is designed to address problems that have arisen with generic and branded (4) companies entering into certain types of agreements that result in hindering, rather than speeding, generic competition. (5)
The FTC is an independent administrative agency charged with promoting the efficient functioning of the marketplace by taking law enforcement action against commercial practices injurious to consumers and by increasing consumer choice by promoting vigorous competition. Staff approaches the competition issues presented in this proceeding from experience in enforcing Section 7 of the Clayton Act (6) and Section 5 of the Federal Trade Commission Act (7) and from antitrust enforcement activities affecting the generic drug industry. (8) The staff of the FTC's Bureau of Economics has recently released a report studying the competition issues in the pharmaceutical industry, which also informs this view. (9)
Briefly, this comment notes the competitive benefits of lower prices and greater innovation that the Drug Price Competition and Patent Term Restoration Act of 1984 (the Hatch-Waxman Act) has spurred in the pharmaceutical industry by streamlining the approval process for generic drug products. The comment notes that the Proposed Rule to clarify the circumstances in which applicants may obtain a 180-day exclusive marketing period may remedy the delayed generic competition that has resulted from certain types of agreements between generic and innovator companies. The FTC recently has initiated several investigations of agreements between branded companies and their generic counterparts that may have the effect of forestalling generic competition. The comment also suggests that the FDA consider a requirement that both patent litigation settlement agreements (either full or partial settlements) between branded companies and ANDA applicants and agreements related to the filing of an ANDA by a potential applicant be filed confidentially with the agency in a timely manner and be accessible to the federal antitrust authorities on a non-public basis so that the antitrust agencies will be aware of any possible anticompetitive issues involved with such settlements.
II. Background.
In 1984, Congress enacted the Hatch-Waxman Act to establish a streamlined approval process for the FDA to use in approving generic versions of previously approved branded drugs. The Hatch-Waxman Act specifies in detail the required contents of an ANDA. Under the Hatch-Waxman Act, for each patent listed in the Orange Book (10) for the relevant branded drug, an ANDA applicant must certify one of the following claims: (1) that such patent information has not been filed; (2) that such patent has expired; (3) that the proposed drug will not be marketed until expiration of the patent; or (4) that either the proposed generic drug does not infringe the patent or the patent is invalid. (11)
It is this fourth type of certification with which the FDA Proposed Rule and this comment are concerned. If an ANDA applicant files a paragraph IV certification, the Hatch-Waxman Act requires the applicant to provide the patent holder with notice of that certification (12) and provides the patent holder with a 45-day window, during which it may bring suit against the applicant. (13) If patent litigation is initiated during this period, the FDA may not approve the ANDA until the earlier of (1) 30 months from the patent holder's receipt of the notice (the 30-month stay) or (2) the issuance of a non-appealable court decision finding the patent invalid or not infringed. This allows the patent holder time to enforce its patent in court before the generic competitor is allowed to enter the market.
Often more than one company will file an ANDA that includes a paragraph IV certification because these companies also seek to provide generic competition to a particular branded drug. However, the Hatch-Waxman Act provides that such subsequent ANDA applications will not be approved until 180 days after the earlier of (1) the date of the first commercial marketing of the first-filed ANDA applicant's generic drug or (2) the date of a decision of a court in an action holding the relevant patent invalid, unenforceable, or not infringed. Thus, the Hatch-Waxman Act effectively grants the first-filed ANDA holder 180 days of marketing exclusivity. As the FDA notes, "[t]he award of a 180-day period of market exclusivity for certain ANDA applicants with paragraph IV certifications was designed to maintain [a] balance by rewarding generic firms for their willingness to challenge unenforceable and invalid innovator patents, or design noninfringing drug products." (14)
In implementing this provision in the past, the FDA added a requirement that the first ANDA applicant must have "successfully defended against a suit for patent infringement" before the applicant is eligible for the 180-day marketing exclusivity period. Two recent court of appeals decisions, however, held that the FDA had exceeded its statutory authority in imposing the "successful-defense requirement" as a prerequisite to obtaining the 180-day marketing exclusivity. (15)
In this proceeding, the FDA proposes new rules implementing the 180-day marketing exclusivity provision and clarifies which applicants are eligible for the marketing exclusivity. The Proposed Rule is designed to address the FDA's expressed concern that, "[u]nder current regulatory provisions, the first generic applicant to file a substantially complete ANDA with a paragraph IV certification can delay generic competition by entering into certain commercial arrangements with an innovator company." (16) Such agreements may have the effect of forestalling the triggering of the 180-day period and may, therefore, bar other generic firms from entering the market even when their products would not infringe a valid patent. (17) In such circumstances, the FDA is barred from providing final approval for all subsequent ANDA applicants and, thus, generic competition is precluded from occurring.
The FDA has proposed to amend its rules by placing a time limit (180 days) on when the first-filed ANDA applicant must trigger its rights to obtain the 180-day marketing exclusivity period and by clarifying which applicants are eligible for the 180-day marketing exclusivity.
III. Consumers Have Benefitted from the Hatch-Waxman Act.
Since the enactment of the Hatch-Waxman Act, American consumers have had greater access to generic drugs at lower prices than their branded counterparts. Indeed, the generic drug share of prescription drug volume has increased by almost 150 percent since enactment of the Hatch-Waxman Act in 1984. (18) Empirical research has shown that relaxation of entry impediments has given rise to significant entry and price competition in drug markets. (19)
Total generic drug market share has increased as well in the years since the Hatch-Waxman Act passed. According to a recent report by the Congressional Budget Office (CBO), sales of generic drugs increased from 19 percent of U.S. prescription sales in 1983 to over 40 percent in 1995. (20) The industry has also seen an increase in the percent of branded drugs that have a generic competitor on the market. Today, nearly 100 percent of the top-selling drugs with expired patents have generic versions available, versus only 36 percent in 1983. (21)
In addition, evidence from the CBO Study indicates that for many branded drugs whose patents have recently expired, generic copies quickly gain a large share of the market. For example, with regard to 21 innovator drugs whose first generic competitors entered the market between 1991 and 1993, the CBO Study determined that during the first full calender year in which those 21 drugs faced generic competition, generic drug products already accounted for an average of 44 percent of prescriptions dispensed through pharmacies. (22) Consumers have saved billions of dollars by purchasing these generic drugs in place of their more expensive branded counterparts. In turn, insurance and pharmaceutical benefits management companies have positively responded to the increased availability of generic drugs by contracting with generic manufacturers for bulk purchases. Enrollees benefit from these relationships through cost savings realized via multi-tiered drug co-payment structures. Finally, in response to generic competition, innovator companies research, develop, and market increasing numbers of improved new drugs. Such additions to the marketplace may satisfy previously unmet medical needs, break new therapeutic ground or compete with older drugs.
Moreover, the Hatch-Waxman Act has helped to expand the number of generic drug manufacturers producing the same drug. This increased breadth and depth of generic drug market presence has augmented pharmaceutical competition on three levels: brand-brand, brand-generic, and generic-generic. The benefits of this increased competition have been confirmed in FTC staff investigations of the pharmaceutical industry. Generally, the staff has found that the more generic versions of the same drug product that are on the market, the lower the price consumers pay for a generic version, regardless of which generic company is marketing the drug product. For example, the entry of a second generic drug product generally doubles the price decrease introduced by the first generic product from the branded drug product's price. Three or more companies offering a generic version of a listed drug can lower the price by at least fifty percent, if not substantially more, from the branded price. These price discounts tend to show that the sooner more companies offer the same generic product, the greater the price competition and the lower price consumers pay for a generic version of a drug product.
IV. The "Triggering Period" Proposed by the FDA Would Assist in Ensuring that Generic Competition Is Not Delayed.
The FDA has proposed to implement a "use it or lose it" triggering period in which first-filed paragraph IV ANDA applicants have 180 days to start (or "trigger") the 180-day marketing exclusivity period. The triggering period would begin after a second generic drug application with a paragraph IV certification has received tentative approval. During the triggering period, the first-filed ANDA applicant would be required either to obtain a final court decision finding the patent to be invalid, unenforceable, or not infringed by the ANDA product or to begin commercial marketing of the generic drug. In three instances, the triggering period will start not only after a subsequent ANDA receives tentative approval but also after, depending upon the circumstance, (1) the 30-month stay of ANDA approval has expired if the first-filed ANDA applicant is involved in patent litigation; (2) a preliminary injunction prohibiting the marketing of an ANDA product (if a court has issued one) has expired; or (3) where applicable, the statutorily described exclusivity period for the listed drug has expired.
A "use-it-or-lose-it" triggering period appears to be helpful in implementing the Hatch-Waxman Act's intent to "make available more low cost generic drugs." (23) The 180-day time period appears more than adequate to permit the applicant to prepare to launch the generic product; as the FDA noted in the Proposed Rule, generic drug products are "routinely marketed within a 2-month period following ANDA approval." (24) In addition, the Mova court indicated that the FDA could prescribe a period within which a first ANDA applicant must bring its product to market in order to benefit from the 180-day marketing exclusivity period. (25) Moreover, such an obligation does not absolutely require the first-filed ANDA applicant to begin commercial marketing, but only to begin commercial marketing or obtain a final court order if it seeks to obtain the 180 days of marketing exclusivity.
In practical effect, the "use-it-or-lose-it" triggering period ensures that, once there is another generic product that has received tentative approval from the FDA -- and, where applicable, the other relevant statutory or court-ordered time periods have expired (26) -- the first-filing ANDA applicant must fish or cut bait, i.e., it must either move to commercial marketing or a final court order within 180 days or lose the 180-day marketing exclusivity. Either way, the FDA's proposed triggering rule ensures that the ongoing potential for generic competition is maintained so that consumers may benefit by a ready supply of generic versions of a drug product. By adding another triggering event -- tentative approval for a second generic drug -- that is not within the control of either the first-filing ANDA applicant or the branded company, the Proposed Rule would reduce the ability and incentive of generic and branded companies to enter into agreements that can forestall generic competition.
V. The FDA's Proposal to Limit 180-Day Marketing Exclusivity to the First ANDA Applicant Is Preferable to Rolling Eligibility.
The FDA has proposed to continue its current approach that only the first substantially complete ANDA for a listed drug with a paragraph IV certification would be eligible for exclusivity. No other ANDA applicant with a paragraph IV certification will be eligible for the 180-day marketing exclusivity for that drug product, even if the first ANDA applicant later loses its status as the first-filer (e.g., by withdrawing or changing its application as a result of losing or settling its patent suit). The proposed policy appears to be a reasonable part of a solution to the delay of generic competition that the FDA has observed. (27)
This policy is preferable to a rolling eligibility policy in which the next-in-line ANDA applicant obtains the right to the 180-day marketing exclusivity period if the first-filing ANDA applicant loses its status as the first-filer. A rolling eligibility process might result in successive agreements between branded drug and generic companies, each of which would have the effect of forestalling competition, and thus cause indefinite delays in generic competition. Such indefinite delay could cause consumers to continue to pay significantly higher prices for prescription drugs than they would if generic competition got underway.
VI. Filing of Patent Litigation Settlement Agreements.
The FDA notes in the Proposed Rule that in order to remedy the alleged use of settlement agreements to block generic competitor entry, it prefers the triggering period approach (discussed above) over a notification approach that would require that the FDA be notified of a settlement or other agreement that alters an adversarial relationship between the first-filing ANDA applicant and either the patent owner or the NDA holder. (28) Regardless of which approach the FDA ultimately adopts, the FDA may wish to consider requiring that (1) patent litigation agreements (either full or partial settlements) between branded companies and ANDA applicants and (2) agreements related to the filing of an ANDA by a potential applicant be filed confidentially with the agency in a timely manner and be accessible to the federal antitrust authorities on a non-public basis so that the antitrust agencies will be aware of any possible anticompetitive issues involved with such agreements.
Often the antitrust authorities are at a disadvantage in learning about a whole range of agreements involving intellectual property rights that may impede competition while affording no countervailing competitive benefits. Indeed, the Assistant Attorney General for Antitrust has stated that "whenever there is even a more than trivial possibility of infringement, the costs of litigation skew the parties' decisions, steering them away from a serious test of the bounds of the rights of the patentee or copyright holder and towards agreements that too often make teammates out of rivals." (29)
As noted earlier, the Federal Trade Commission has initiated several investigations of agreements between branded companies and their generic counterparts. These investigations were initiated when Commission staff became aware of the agreements -- often months, and sometimes over a year, after the agreements were made. Although the Commission has the authority to seek disgorgement or restitution of ill-gotten gains from the companies, (30) consumers pay millions of dollars in higher prices during the pendency of these often-complicated investigations.
Accordingly, a system of filing with the FDA could assure better detection of anticompetitive arrangements that harm consumer welfare. If the FDA suspected the possibility of anticompetitive effects in connection with a particular agreement, it could share that agreement with the antitrust authorities pursuant to a confidentiality agreement that would protect the commercial interests of the parties to the agreement.
VII. Conclusion.
The FDA has proposed to amend its rules to implement the Hatch-Waxman Act by clarifying which applicants are eligible for the 180-day marketing exclusivity and by placing a time limit on when the first-filing ANDA applicant must trigger its rights to obtain the 180-day marketing exclusivity period. Staff of the Bureau of Competition and of Policy Planning at the FTC support the FDA's proposed rule for the reasons articulated in this comment. In addition, the FDA may wish to consider a requirement that all patent litigation settlement agreements and agreements related to the filing of an ANDA application be filed with the FDA in a timely manner in order to notify the agency of possible anticompetitive issues involved with such settlements.
Respectfully submitted,
Richard G. Parker, Director
David A. Balto, Assistant Director for
Policy and Evaluation
Bureau of Competition
Susan S. DeSanti, Director
Michael S. Wroblewski, Advocacy Coordinator
Policy Planning
600 Pennsylvania Ave., NW
Washington, DC 20580
November 4, 1999
1. This comment represents the views of the Bureau of Competition and of Policy Planning of the Federal Trade Commission, and not necessarily the views of the Commission itself or any individual Commissioner.
2. Proposed Rule, 64 Fed. Reg. 42873 (Aug. 6, 1999).
3. 64 Fed. Reg. at 42873.
4. This comment uses the term "branded" in ways synonymous with the FDA's use of the term "innovator" - that is, it refers to a patented drug or a company that has done the innovative work required to earn a patent on a drug.
5. 64 Fed. Reg. at 42882-83.
6. 15 U.S.C. § 18 (1988). Mergers subject to Section 7 are prohibited if their effect "may be substantially to lessen competition, or to tend to create a monopoly." See, e.g., Hoechst AG, 120 F.T.C. 1010 (1995) (merger with Marion Merrell Dow, Inc.).
7. 15 U.S.C. § 41 et seq.
8. See, e.g., Federal Trade Commission v. Mylan Laboratories, Inc. et al., 1999-2 Trade Cas. (CCH) ¶72,573 (D.D.C. 1999), appeal filed.
9. Staff of the Federal Trade Commission, "The Pharmaceutical Industry: A Discussion of Competitive and Antitrust Issues in an Environment of Change" (Mar. 1999) (FTC Staff Report) <http://www.ftc.gov/reports/pharmaceutical/drugexsum.htm>.
10. The Orange Book contains a listing of all FDA-approved drug products. Any patent protection still afforded an approved drug product is also listed in the Orange Book.
11. 21 U.S.C. § 355(j)(2)(A)(vii).
12. 21 U.S.C. § 355(j)(2)(B)(i)(I).
13. 21 U.S.C. § 355(j)(5)(B)(iii).
14. 64 Fed. Reg. at 42882. The FDA's notice explains that "[t]he Hatch-Waxman Amendments benefit consumers by bringing lower priced generic versions of previously approved drugs to market, while simultaneously promoting new drug innovation through the restoration of patent life lost during regulatory proceedings." Id.
15. Mova Pharmaceutical Corp. v. Shalala, 140 F.3d 1060 (D.C. Cir. 1998); Granutec, Inc. v. Shalala, Nos. 97-1873, 97-1874, 1998 U.S. App. LEXIS 6685 (4th Cir. Apr. 3, 1998).
16. 64 Fed. Reg. at 42882.
17. Such delay could occur, for example, when the first ANDA applicant agrees not to market its product until the completion of the patent litigation so that there is neither a date at which commercial marketing has begun nor a final court decision (the two statutory triggers that start the running of the 180-day marketing exclusivity). The FDA explains:
A necessary condition for such arrangements is that the economic gains to the innovator from delaying generic competition exceed the potential economic gains to the generic applicant from 180 days of market exclusivity. Such instances are becoming more frequent because a successful strategy to extend market exclusivity can mean tens of millions of dollars in increased revenue for an innovator firm. Under such circumstances, it can be mutually beneficial for the innovator and the generic company that is awarded 180 days of generic exclusivity to enter into agreements that block generic competition for extended periods.
64 Fed. Reg. at 42882-83.
18. FTC Staff Report at 13.
19. Id.
20. Congressional Budget Office, "How Increased Competition from Generic Drugs Has Affected Prices and Returns in the Pharmaceutical Industry" (CBO Study) at Summary, p. 1 (July 1998).
21. Id. at 5.
22. Id. at Ch. III, p. 17.
23. H.R. Rep. No. 98-857, 98th Cong., 2d Sess., Pt. 1 at 14 (1984), reprinted in 1984 U.S.C.C.A.N. 2647.
24. Proposed Rule, 64 Fed. Reg. at 42878.
25. Mova Pharmaceutical, 140 F.3d at 1071 n.11.
26. See discussion above of exceptions to immediate applicability of the triggering period once a second generic drug has received tentative approval from the FDA.
27. We note the theoretical possibility that limiting the 180-day marketing exclusivity to the first-filing ANDA applicant might reduce the incentives of subsequent ANDA applicants actually to follow through and come to market. A hypothetical reduction in incentive appears likely to be small given that the FDA already follows the proposed policy and that subsequent filers already expect that they are entering a market in which the first-filing ANDA applicant already competes.
28. 64 Fed. Reg. at 42880.
29. Joel I. Klein, Acting Assistant Attorney General, Antitrust Division, U.S. Department of Justice, "Cross-Licensing and Antitrust Law," American Intellectual Property Law Association (May 2, 1997) <http://www.usdoj.gov/atr/public/speeches/1123.htm >.
30. Federal Trade Commission v. Mylan Laboratories, Inc. et al., supra, n. 8.


text:
Golf de Granville, BrévilleRef: FGN014
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Holes | Yards | Par | |
Course 1 | 18 | 6931 | 72 |
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Description of Golf de Granville, Bréville
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subset: commoncrawl


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Levin Becomes Chief Executive Officer at Wilton Brands
WOODRIDGE, Ill.–Chairman and interim chief executive officer Jerry Levin has been made permanent CEO of Wilton Brands, the company announced. Levin has been the chairman of Wilton since August, the month after the company's largest creditors, TowerBrook Capital Partners L.P. and Deutsche Bank Trust Company Americas, filed an involuntary Chapter 11 petition against Wilton Holdings. … More »


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MEMS oscillator presents small size, power savings for mobile applications
March 27, 2013 3:31 pm | SiTime Corp. | Product Releases | CommentsSiTime introduced the SiT15xx family of 32 kHz MEMS oscillators that are positioned to replace legacy quartz crystal resonators. This family is targeted at mobile applications such as smart phones and tablets, which require small size and low power. The family rivals quartz-based devices and
Internet sales tax will only benefit the state
March 25, 2013 3:34 pm | by Jason Lomberg, Technical Editor | Articles | CommentsGet ready to pony up more dollars for online purchases. On Friday, the U.S. Senate passed the innocuously-titled "Marketplace Fairness Act" through the upper chamber on a 75-24 vote. The bill would require e-tailers to collect and remit sales tax on interstate commerce, even when the business has no physical presence in the state.
Visual design tool supports PIC MCU-based GUI creation on Windows, Linux or Mac computers
March 22, 2013 4:21 pm | Microchip Technology Inc. | Product Releases | CommentsMicrochip Technology Inc. announced the release of Graphics Display Designer X (GDD X), an enhanced visual design tool that provides a quick and easy way of creating Graphical User Interface (GUI) screens for applications using Microchip's 16-or 32-bit PIC MCUs. With GDD X, developers may
Engineering Newswire 30: Augmented reality recognizes your friends
March 22, 2013 9:32 am | Videos | CommentsToday on Engineering Newswire, brought to you by Interpower, the premier supplier of power system components for worldwide markets, we're testing experimental grasshopper rockets, making smooth jazz on the seaboard, and making the Sphero do everything.
Magnalight handheld spotlight featured on HBO's True Blood
March 21, 2013 4:07 pm | Larson Electronics Llc | Product Releases | CommentsUnder the name of Fangbanger Productions, the hit TV show True Blood selected yet another Magnalight spotlight for an episode in the upcoming season. The GL-8130-M handheld spotlight offers a uniquely convertible configuration for use as a handheld lantern or traditional spotlight form factor.


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5 CFR 211.101 - Purpose.
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§ 211.101
The purpose of this part is to define veterans' preference and the administration of preference in Federal employment. (5 U.S.C. 2108 )
Title 5 published on 2013-01-01
no entries appear in the Federal Register after this date.
This is a list of United States Code sections, Statutes at Large, Public Laws, and Presidential Documents, which provide rulemaking authority for this CFR Part.
This list is taken from the Parallel Table of Authorities and Rules provided by GPO [Government Printing Office].
It is not guaranteed to be accurate or up-to-date, though we do refresh the database weekly. More limitations on accuracy are described at the GPO site.


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Thanks to everyone at Staybridge Suites in Eagan for being great hosts to my family. We spent a few days during our recent transition between homes. From the courteous and friendly staff to the clean facilities, and tasty food during breakfast and dinner, we felt right at home. My girls wish they were still there so they could continue to... More
- Also Known As:
- Staybridge Suites Eagan-Mall Of America Hotel Eagan
- Staybridge Suites Eagan-Mall Of America Hotel
- Staybridge Suites Eagan
- Official Description (provided by the hotel):
- Welcome to the Staybridge Suites Hotel - Eagan. We offer everything you need to stay in control, connected, and productive. Our spacious suites with full kitchens are designed with your comfort and convenience in mind. We are the ideal extended stay solution for corporate housing, training, relocation, or for consulting and special project visits.The Staybridge Suites Eagan is an all-suite hotel located in the southern metro area. We are minutes from the Mall of America, and Minneapolis St. Paul International Airport, and accessible to downtown Minneapolis and St. Paul. Companies located within minutes of our hotel include:Goodrich, Prime Therapeutics, NWA, Lockheed Martin, Pan Am Flight Academy, Blue Cross Blue Shield, UPS, Unisys, and the VA Medical Center.Our hotel is conveniently located within walking distance of many restaurants, coffee shops, movie theatres, and distinctive shopping. Take a day trip to the Minnesota Zoo, a scenic drive along the Mississippi River, or just relax in our outdoor courtyard.All hotel guests may take advantage of our complimentary breakfast buffet, Sundowner Evening Reception, business center, guest library, and BridgeMart Convenience Store. We feature wireless and wired complimentary high-speed Internet service. We are also proud to say that we are a pet friendly property (non-refundable fee applies).AAA members save 10% with us! ... more less
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Foreword | p. xiii |
Preface | p. xvii |
The Editors | p. xix |
The Authors | p. xxi |
The Imperative for Environmental Sustainability | p. 1 |
Portrait of a Slow Revolution Toward Environmental Sustainability | p. 3 |
The Strategic Importance of Environmental Sustainability | p. 21 |
The Role of Strategic Context in Environmental Sustainability Initiatives: Three Case Studies | ... MORE |
Human Resource Management Efforts for Environmental Sustainability: A Survey of Organizations | p. 61 |
Theoretical and Empirical Foundations to Guide Environmental Initiatives | p. 81 |
Employee Green Behaviors | p. 85 |
Demographic Characteristics and Employee Sustainability | p. 117 |
The Role of Commitment in Bridging the Gap Between Organizational Sustainability and Environmental Sustainability | p. 155 |
Measuring and Improving Environmental Sustainability | p. 187 |
Creating and Maintaining Environmentally Sustainable Organizations: Recruitment and On-Boarding | p. 222 |
Leadership and Environmental Sustainability | p. 241 |
Case Studies Illustrating the Implementation of Environmental Initiatives | p. 263 |
Environmental Sustainability and Employee Engagement at 3M | p. 267 |
EcoVision at Sherwin-Williams: Leadership at All Levels | p. 281 |
HR and Sustainability at Daimler AG | p. 298 |
HR Initiatives for Environmental Mission Alignment at Aveda Corporation | p. 309 |
Environmental Sustainability Initiatives in Ugandan Light Industry | p. 319 |
Human Resource Development Initiatives for Managing Environmental Concerns at McDonald's UK | p. 341 |
Environmental Sustainability and Organization Sensing at Procter & Gamble | p. 362 |
Sustainability in Coffee Sourcing and Implications for Employee Engagement at Caribou Coffee | p. 375 |
Future Directions | p. 405 |
Implications for HR and OD Professionals in the Future: Can I-O Principles and Practices Contribute to the Achievement of Corporate Environmental Sustainability? | p. 407 |
Building Empirical Foundations to Inform the Future Practice of Environmental Sustainability | p. 416 |
Name Index | p. 433 |
Subject Index | p. 444 |
Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved. |
Susan E. Jackson is Distinguished Professor of Human Resource Management, School of Management and Labor Relations, Rutgers University and Research Fellow, Lorange Institute of Business Z?rich.
Deniz S. Ones is the Hellervik Professor of Industrial Psychology and a Distinguished McKnight Professor at the University of Minnesota.
Stephan Dilchert is Assistant Professor of Management at the Zicklin School of Business, Baruch College, City University of New York.


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Glasgow gave Mandela the Freedom of the City when many around the world were still condemning him as a terrorist because of his fight against apartheid in South Africa."
On the back of this Ciftci nonsense, I would have fully supported a referees' strike"
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Of the 2884 who are in rent arrears in South Lanarkshire,1093 owe an amount that is greater than the shortfall in their new, lower housing benefit.
Church members are determined not to let the theft ruin their Christmas and have transformed their pantomime into a major fundraising effort.
Seventeen-year-old is set to jet back home to Motherwell on Tuesday with mentor Louis Walsh and the X Factor crew but he has to secure himself a place in the finals to do so.
Appeal deadline is Tuesday December 17
The impact of the crash reverberated across the country and beyond our shores.
£30m investment to create 102 new council houses
The 17-year-old was only too pleased to help our fabulous campaign to help underprivileged children this Christmas.
Headline gig at Hamilton Palace on December 8
The 10-week project, which is called Ready, Steady, Gallop, will generate much-needed extra footfall and revenue for businesses.
You have every right to examine the White Paper closely whether at home, in your local library or in another way. There will be a huge publicity campaign to encourage everyone to find out more.
The NHSScotland campaign advises people that by re-stocking their medicine cabinet, checking their repeat prescriptions and knowing when their GP surgery is open, they can ensure they are well prepared for the winter.
THE teenager impressed judges and the British public with his rendition of former X Factor winner Joe McElderry's chart-topper The Climb.
THE flu virus will not only floor you for up to two weeks but, for those with underlying health issues — such as asthma or heart problems — it can lead to serious complications.
ONE in nine women in Scotland will be diagnosed with breast cancer in their lifetime, so it's critical that women check themselves regularly.
The appeal was launched earlier this month and immediately attracted an influx of toys and gifts for the needy children of Lanarkshire.
Harry was instrumental in saving New Lanark as it was falling into ruin and was well respected by his political contemporaries.
The tension is how the UK should treat an ally, a fellow member of the Commonwealth, when it appears to behave in a way that contravenes our core values.
Jane Wilson, of Comely Bank inHillhouse, was nominated by her 32-year-old daughter, also Jane,who underwent a kidney transplant operation four months ago.
Blood cancer charity name him their Recruiter of the Year.
Birth, deaths, marriages, church notices, in memoriam.
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ASICS Thermopolis® LT 1/2 Zip
SKU: #7988525Product Information
- ASICS Size Guide
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- 92% polyester, 8% spandex.
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- Measurements:
- Length: 25 in
- Product measurements were taken using size XS (US 4-6). Please note that measurements may vary by size.


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A staff report
Frederick Bibby, who starred in three sports at Fayetteville State in the early 1960s, was one of six selected Friday for induction into the Central Intercollegiate Athletic Association's John B. McLendon Jr. Hall of Fame.
Bibby played basketball, baseball and participated in track and field for the Broncos. He captained both the basketball and track and field teams as a senior during the 1963-64 academic year. As a basketball player, his scoring and rebounding abilities earned him All-American honors as a senior.
Inducted into the Fayetteville State Hall of Fame in 1998 for his basketball and baseball career, Bibby is the older brother of former major league baseball pitcher Jim Bibby and ex-UCLA and NBA guard Henry Bibby.
Others selected for induction on March 2 in Charlotte are Winston-Salem State wrestler James McLinnaham, Shaw basketball coach and athletic director Alfonza Carter, Virginia State football player Damon "Redd'' Thompson, the Morgan State track relay team of Josh Culbreath, Otis Johnson, James Rogers and Herman Wade, Virginia State football coach Lou Anderson and Elizabeth City State men's basketball coach Leonard Carmichael.
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Communication, public relations workshop scheduled
CROWN POINT | The Board of Communication Services at Trinity Lutheran Church and School hosts its second annual Communication and Public Relations Workshop on March 16.
Radio Personality John Williams
Radio Personality John Williams, shown in this 2010 promotional photo, is leaving WGN Radio at the end of 2012.
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Now any girl can look as pretty as a princess with this darling set. With a graphic tank showing her playful princess pals on the front and comfy elastic-waistband shorts, this ensemble guarantees a magical day!
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OTTAWA — The economy swooned in June as the twin shocks of damaging floods in Alberta and a construction strike in Quebec led to the biggest monthly output retreat since the recession, and dragged down quarterly growth to an unimpressive 1.7 per cent.
The numbers weren't as bad as advertised, however.
June's fall was limited to 0.5 per cent — still the worst result since March 2009 — and the quarter's growth were better than the Bank of Canada's gloomy prediction for one per cent. As well, Statistics Canada downgraded its early reading for first-quarter growth from 2.5 to 2.2 per cent.
It could have been worse, but economists said the spillover shocks from flooding in Alberta and the Quebec strike turned out to be less severe than anticipated.
Still, analysts said the Bank of Canada will likely look through the June setback as a temporary aberration, adding that the report Friday is unlikely to change governor Stephen Poloz's view on leaving interest rates unchanged at next week's rate announcement.
That also appeared to be the initial reaction of markets as well, as currency traders largely shrugged off the report, leaving the loonie hovering around 95 cents U.S.
A strong quarter for household consumption, up 3.8 per cent on an annualized basis, saved the economy from a worst fate, analysts said, although with debt levels at near-record highs, consumption is unlikely to hold up growth much longer. For the economy to kick into a new gear, manufacturing and exports must pick up, they said.
"A softer Canadian dollar and better U.S. growth can't come soon enough for manufacturers," said Benjamin Reitzes, a senior economist with BMO Capital Markets.
On that front there was some good news.
On Thursday, the U.S. revised its second-quarter performance to 2.5 per cent from a previously reported 1.7, with most analysts betting growth south of the border will accelerate further in the second half of the year.
The recent five per cent devaluation of the loonie from parity with the U.S. dollar is also expected to help manufacturers and exporters, who ship much of their output to America. Some analysts see the loonie dropping to about 90 cents US by year's end.
But CIBC chief economist Avery Shenfeld cautioned that the third-quarter performance will likely not be as robust as the 3.8 per cent bounce-back predicted by the central bank. That's because if the hit from the floods and strike wasn't as big as thought, neither will be the rebound.
There was another mildly encouraging report released Friday by the Conference Board. The think-tank's consumer confidence index rose modestly 2.2 points on more optimistic views from Canadians about their finances, but noted that they were also more pessimistic about the health of the job market.
Much of the data Friday showed widespread weakness, but mostly because of temporary factors.
In June, construction tumbled 1.9 per cent, most attributed to the Quebec strike which ended in early July; arts, entertainment and recreation plunged 4.3 per cent, with attendance at sporting events particularly hit; manufacturing fell 1.3 per cent and was down 3.1 per cent over last year.
Quarterly, business investment contracted 2.5 per cent and exports cut 0.7 points from the quarterly growth. Besides household consumption, housing was another bright spot, rising 5.4 per cent after three consecutive quarterly declines.


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Warehouse to rent Rear of Countrywide Farners, Presteigne Mill, Presteigne, LD8
Warehouse storage accommodation available to let, located on the east side of Presteigne town centre. STEEL FRAME CONSTRUCTION, with concrete floor and a small brick OFFICE or store. 4.77m eaves, high level halogen lighting and roller shutter access door. More details ›
- Photos: 10
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£550 pcm
3 bedroom terraced house to rent Presteigne, Powys
A truly well presented three bedroom terraced house just a few years old in the popular border town of Presteigne. The property has a spacious kitchen with appliances, cloak room, living room and family bathroom. It benefits from gas fired central heating, double glazing a terraced garden with pa... More details ›
Marketed by Northwood (Hereford), Hereford. Telephone: 01432 352116 Local call rate


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System 5th Birthday: Loco Dice - Enzo Siragusa at Mint Club
LeRossatronwroteTue, 29 Jan 2013Need 2 Tickets please 07727 638630
jfo26wroteSun, 27 Jan 2013I need 1 or 2 tickets. Text me on 07403866001. Thanks, Josh.
ReefywroteSat, 26 Jan 2013Two tickets needed? System what time does the doors closed for last entry?
Darren_BateswroteTue, 22 Jan 2013**COMPETITION** For a chance to win tickets to this event click the link below on how to enter. bit.ly/marchcompa
tyneyxwroteMon, 21 Jan 2013looking for two tickets mail me @ email@example.com x
ShaunLFCwroteMon, 21 Jan 2013Any spare tickets for this event? I need 3. Thanks
There are 13 other comments.Click here to view the full thread


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Biaya penambahan orang dalam kamar mungkin berlaku dan berbeda-beda menurut kebijakan hotel.
Sewaktu check-in diperlukan tanda pengenal dengan foto yang resmi dikeluarkan oleh pemerintah dan kartu kredit atau deposit tunai untuk menutup biaya tak terduga.
Pemenuhan permintaan khusus bergantung pada ketersediaan sewaktu check-in dan mungkin menimbulkan biaya tambahan. Permintaan khusus tidak dijamin akan terpenuhi.
Properti Hijau/Ramah Lingkungan- Disertifikasi oleh Pihak Pertama
Properti ini telah melakukan evaluasi, disebut juga dengan sertifikasi Pihak Pertama, atas kegiatan pariwisata ramah lingkungan melalui Green Leaf Business Scheme, yang berarti mengambil langkah untuk memahami dampaknya terhadap satu atau beberapa hal berikut: lingkungan, masyarakat, warisan budaya, dan perekonomian setempat. Klaim properti belum diverifikasi secara independen oleh program sertifikasi pihak kedua atau ketiga.
Kolam renang luar ruangan dan bathtub spa tersedia di lokasi. Fasilitas rekreasi lainnya mencakup pusat kebugaran.
Biaya dan deposit berikut mungkin ditagihkan oleh properti saat memberikan layanan, check-in, atau check-out.
Daftar di atas mungkin tidak lengkap. Biaya dan deposit mungkin belum mencakup pajak dan dapat berubah tanpa pemberitahuan sebelumnya.
Biaya penambahan orang dalam kamar mungkin berlaku dan berbeda-beda menurut kebijakan hotel.
Sewaktu check-in diperlukan tanda pengenal dengan foto yang resmi dikeluarkan oleh pemerintah dan kartu kredit atau deposit tunai untuk menutup biaya tak terduga.
Pemenuhan permintaan khusus bergantung pada ketersediaan sewaktu check-in dan mungkin menimbulkan biaya tambahan. Permintaan khusus tidak dijamin akan terpenuhi.
Disneyland Resort looms large in Anaheim, also known for its divine baseball. Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim play ball at Angel Stadium. West, in Buena Park, Knott's Berry Farm is the area's other major amusement park. Along the coast, crowds bask in the sun along Newport Beach's boardwalk and historic pier. John Wayne Airport, Orange County's gateway, is a popular alternative to the LA airport.
lihat semua hotel di Orange"Great Location"
It's my second time staying in this hotel and will recommend this hotel with my friends, very peacefull and comfortable to stay !Ulasan otentik tamu Hotels.com
"Good value"
Nice kingsize suite. Kitchenette could use some work, but overall a good rate for nice accommodations in a very good location.Ulasan otentik tamu Hotels.com
TV made loud noise and had to unplug to quiet. Would not turn on. Contacted desk and was not resolvedUlasan otentik tamu Hotels.com
"Nice hotel"
Very clean. Beds were awesome. So comfy. Breakfast was good. Close to disneyland. Lots of places to eat in area.Ulasan otentik tamu Hotels.com
"The Good, The Bad, And The Ugly"
THE GOOD: 1) The suite style set up. Had fridge and sink (no soap), two TVs (bedroom & family room). 2) Two luggage racks provided. 3) No odors. 4) Good water pressure. 5) Beds comfy. 6) Towels were good. 7) Breakfast -Several warm items available. THE BAD: 1) Room was old. All cabinetry very old and repainted several times; 2) The safe did not work; […] couldn't fix so he gave us the master key. 3) The maid's vacuum was left in our room . 4) Four of the Eight pillows on our two queen size beds were 8" thick and felt like bricks 5) 1 1/2 ply toilet paper ? 6) Staff were okay but they didn't seem happy to be working there. 7) Daily cost for unlimited shuttle - the front desk did not mention this even after we inquired as to shuttle services. THE UGLY: 1) The shower/bathtub was clogged leading to your feet swimming in dirty shower water (to the ankles) every morning; 2) The walls are very thin - and water running in another room was VERY LOUD; 3) All of the light switches were wired crazy - The switches in the family room controlled lighting in the bedroom and vice versa - took us a couple of days to get them down. 4) The bedroom TV had to be unplugged after every use to reset or it wouldn't work; 5) No bar soap/dispenser only 6) They serve PEPSI instead of COKE - ugh and 7) the room overall just felt "used." It's definitely not the feel you want for a trip to the nearby famous amusement park. Baca selengkapnyaUlasan otentik tamu Hotels.com
"Great stay"
Staff was helpful and kind. Room was better than expected. Very clean and "homey". Complimentary breakfast was great. Large selection of food and big space to sit and eat. Shuttle available to Disneyland and other parks. Will stay there again.Ulasan otentik tamu Hotels.com
"The Gem by Disneyland"
I have stayed here now 3 times when I visit Disneyland. Great hotel, large rooms, and great rates...followed by a good complimentary breakfast makes a nice combination.Ulasan otentik tamu Hotels.com
"Nice King room with 2 tvs"
Great stay great price good location next to disneylandUlasan otentik tamu Hotels.com
"very good"
very good room, even though i had some problems figuring out how to change the shower head. but i eventually found out how to work it, and everything else was great.Ulasan otentik tamu Hotels.com
"Free Upgrade was great!"
My wife booked this room and told me it seemed like a good price for one night. We pulled up and the over all appearance of the hotel looked more like a office building. Front desk was really nice and check in was pretty quick. Went to the room expecting a basic room with two queen beds etc... Open the door to a very clean and well presented King Suite. […] The bed was super comfortable and over all the room was very clean. Complimentary breakfast was okay, could have been better. We both agreed, even without the upgrade, we would stay here again. Baca selengkapnyaUlasan otentik tamu Hotels.com
"nice hotel"
Location was quiet and near the freeway and Orange Outlets. Hotel was clean and staff was friendly. The only minuses I have were: (1) they take an imprint of your credit card to keep on file -- I was not given it back when I checked out, (2) the mini fridge was *really* loud -- I just unplugged it, and (3) I was on the ground floor outside of a main […] entry door -- everytime someone went in or out, it SLAMMED shut. You had to swipe your room key just to get in he door, which I liked, but it would be nice if there was something to slow the door down when closing. I would, however, stay here again if I need a hotel in Orange County. Baca selengkapnyaUlasan otentik tamu Hotels.com
"Suite Surprise"
Did not know we were getting a suite but was very pleased to find out that we had booked one.Ulasan otentik tamu Hotels.com
"ok room but great location"
The stay was good. Bed my ok ask for more pillow and they didn't have any more. Pillow was real hard. The room was small but it's ok for two or less people.Ulasan otentik tamu Hotels.com
"Great Location"
The hotel was great, I loved the room and the location was great. The only problem I had was that the eggs at the breakfast tasted like powdered eggs.Ulasan otentik tamu Hotels.com
"Great hotel"
This is our hotel of choice when going to Disneyland. Close to the park, food and shopping relatively close, free breakfast and parking. Can't beat the price. Will continue to stay here often.Ulasan otentik tamu Hotels.com
"business comfort at its best"
I stayed during the week. I needed quiet and comfort . The WiFi was difficult to connect from my phone but my laptop connection was seemless. The gym was limited but it was clean and neat. I accidentally left some clothing behind, the staff made sure to contact me and provided a way for me to get the items back.Ulasan otentik tamu Hotels.com
perfect. staff was friendly and helpful. Many things to do near hotel. Room was exceptional for accessable room.Room had a large bathroom, couch and 2 chairs and a king bed in 2 room suite. free b-fast every morning.Ulasan otentik tamu Hotels.com
"Super friendly and helful staff - very clean"
I would recommend this hotel. it was affordable, very clean and the staff could not be more helpful and friendly. It was conveniently located close to the Orange Family Courthouse and to the Outlet Mall. It was also only about 10 minutes from Disneyland. They serve a good selection of breakfast foods. Nice pool and hot tub too.Ulasan otentik tamu Hotels.com
"Not Impressed"
When I called the hotel I was placed on hold for a long time and ended up having to hang up. I arrived to the hotel to check in and there wasn't anyone at the desk. After waiting 15-20 minutes and 4 more guest arriving waiting behind me - Simon appeared. He proceeded to help me however, had a several smart comments while I checked in. Nor was he sincere […] in his apology for having 4-5 guest waiting. Baca selengkapnyaUlasan otentik tamu Hotels.com
"You really get your money's worth"
Stayed here 2 nights (10/31 and 11/1) to go to HHN in Universal Studios and Disneyland. I got a great deal using hotels.com. The rooms where super clean. The service was incredible. I needed a $250 deposit because I was paying with debit. I only had $120 cash on me and since it was around 2am when I checked in, the guy at the front desk said that was […] enough so I didn't have to waste anymore time going to an ATM. Great guy. Also they treated me like an adult and not some punk kid (I'm 19) really appreciated it. Baca selengkapnyaUlasan otentik tamu Hotels.com
Enjoyed my stay very much. I will be back.Ulasan otentik tamu Hotels.com
"My saving grac hotel"
Let me start off with saying I started at a different hotel but had to switch because the last was sooo terrible. This hotel saved my vacation from being a nightmare.... This is Great hotel with friendly staff. Check in was very easy. Upon arrival to our room it was a great suprise. Had a full living room set, kitchenette with microwave, mini fridge […] and table for two. All appliances were clean also. The king size bed was soft and overall clean. I couldnt really see any stains on the carpet and didnt feel dirty. The bathroom actually felt rather sanatized....The continetal breakfast was rather generic but cant complain about free. The hotel location was rather good area. I felt at ease leaving my vehicle without fear of break in or vandlism. There were shops within walking distance but would have liked to have a Walgreens or CVS closer but was only a 10 minute drive away. My only real upset to this hotel was the shuttle service to Disneyland. It was an overall resort shuttle so we had multiple stops along the way. The overall trip to get to Disneyland on the shuttle took about 45 minutes each way. Its $5 fee per adault a day is rather reasonable but the friendly bus drivers made up for it.....Overall the trip was a great success. I would highly recommend this hotel. I plan on staying here again on the next visit. Baca selengkapnyaUlasan otentik tamu Hotels.com
"Sign Blank CC slip ?"
Hotel is nice and suites large, but checking in and signing blank CC slip for incidentals disturbing. Had to have maid physically inspect room before they would zero out.Ulasan otentik tamu Hotels.com
"was only minutes from where I needed to go."
I was given an unexpected upgrade. It was wonderful!Ulasan otentik tamu Hotels.com
My friend and I absolutely loved and enjoyed our stay at best western. amazing for the price, clean and comfortable.Ulasan otentik tamu Hotels.com
"Uncomfortable feeling but very comfortable bed"
The hotel was very dated and dark. The room looked very different from the picture on hotels.com. However, the bed and bedding was very comfortable and the room was clean.Ulasan otentik tamu Hotels.com
"Good value"
I got a good deal on the room in general, but the space (especially a segregated sleeping and living room), amenities (microwave and mini fridge), and complimentary breakfast (a decent selection of beverages, cereals, etc.) made it a good value.Ulasan otentik tamu Hotels.com
"clean place and good customer service"
I'm very pleased with the cleanliness of the room and the rest of the hotel. The hotel is accessible to public transit and there's a shuttle service going to Disneyland resort for a small fee. Staff are very accommodating and knowledgeable. free wi-fi and free breakfast are added bonus.Ulasan otentik tamu Hotels.com
"Close to a shopping mall"
Very nice Hotel with Large Suites. Living Room has another TV ! Nice Kitchen. Highly recommended for Business Travel as well as Family due to size of rooms.Ulasan otentik tamu Hotels.com
"Nice place"
I enjoyed this hotel. Large clean suite. Very comfortable and quiet.Ulasan otentik tamu Hotels.com
"Hotels.com Reviews Misleading"
I'm really surprised that this hotel has such high reviews. For the price and reviews, I was expecting more since I passed on some much nicer ones for the same price. It did look like it had been remodeled but not professionally, things were falling apart (part of the wall, the ceiling and other construction), the paint job was poor and lots of mismatched […] pieces. Maybe we just got the worst room in the hotel? There were dark fingerprints ALL OVER the walls in the bathroom area although the sink, toilet and bathtub looked clean. The hotel is adequate but very BARE MINIMUM by default. Minimal blankets (but the heater worked well once you figured out their card system) and no microwave. The upside to the hotel was the staff (friendly), the comfortable bed and proximity to the highway. At the same price, I wouldn't stay here again but I imagine it being convenient with families with kids. Baca selengkapnyaUlasan otentik tamu Hotels.com
"Spacious rooms."
StAyed here for Disneyland. Drove to the park about 3 miles away. One kid got sick so I ended up taxi-ing back for about $16. Was so grateful for the large rooms. The double queen bedroom had French doors opening to another large room with a couch, big chair, little table and chairs and kitchenette. Both rooms had a tv each and you could close the doors […] between. The mall at Orange is a very close drive ( half a mile/ mile) with some food choices. Ate at BJs first night, lots of options, and the second night we had a take out from BJs because of the sick kid, and was very comfortable eating at the hotel. Breakfast was ok for a buffet. Only one healthy choice of yoghurt and fruit, otherwise waffles, toast, sausage, muffins, all that. But no complaints and you can sit out in the courtyard which was very nice. Would definitely stay there again. Baca selengkapnyaUlasan otentik tamu Hotels.com
"Great rooms, very comfortable"
Huge rooms with full kitchen and separate sleeping area. The only thing that was unsatisfactory was the air quality in room. The very strong smell of cleaner and musty air was nauseating.Ulasan otentik tamu Hotels.com
"Anaheim business trip"
Only negative is that the air conditioner is a bit loud. It is possible t walk to restaurants and the Orange Outlets if you are adverurous (about a 10 minute walk, a little daunting for a single woman after dark). Rooms a very large and comfortable. Though I didn't use it, pool area looked very nice.Ulasan otentik tamu Hotels.com
"Very much disappointed"
We didnt actually end up staying. We should up about an hour earlier than check in time and went in to see if we could possibly check in early as we didnt realize that Disneyland was as far from the hotel as we thought it was. They informed us it would be at least another three hours before we could check in and that was it, so that was two hours past […] our check in time. The lobby smelled so old and musky that as we left we decided to find another room for the night. I knew I could not get my money back because it wasnt the (48 hour window) but we were so turned off by the hotel and the staff that we didnt care. Ended up spending an extra $300 that night for a room because of the way we were treated. I called the hotel to give them the courtesy of telling them we would not be staying there and they could reserve the room for another guest and all they kept saying was WE WONT REFUND YOUR MONEY. Which I never even asked for. I told them that we knew we could not get a refund but didnt want the room to go unused if they needed and they just kept saying, I dont know why you are calling us, we will not refund your money. Just an overall bad experience and we didnt even stay there. Baca selengkapnyaUlasan otentik tamu Hotels.com
"Hotel good - if you are looking for VERY BASIC"
I enjoyed the hotel staff, very friendly and helpful. The rooms were pretty clean, found a couple cob webs and a spider in the bath tub. The room we had was a suite that had a microwave and fridge, but no utensils. So if you plan on eating in the room, take dishes and silverware. The coffee in the room and at breakfast was awful! There is nothing in […] walking distance of the hotel, except an excellent Mexican restaurant across the parking lot. The breakfast ….well is in need of a HUGE improvement. The Eggs are watered down and the sausages are deep fried and weren't fully cooked. Ended up eating cereal most of the time- not what I paid for. If you want a BASIC hotel, and have a rental car – this is a perfect spot to stay. Baca selengkapnyaUlasan otentik tamu Hotels.com
"Disney trip"
Overall stay was good. Good things: pool and spa, room suite nice space, shuttle passes for Disneyland, good a/c, customer service, lots of shopping and good food nearby, close to freeway. Bad points: breakfast was much to be desired (same generic food everyday--fake eggs and waffles) as we're the towels (felt like sandpaper) and the pillows (lum […] py). Baca selengkapnyaUlasan otentik tamu Hotels.com
"Very Nice"
A little farther from Disneyland than other hotels, but great quality and bang for the buck. The shuttle is as cheap as offsite parking with the other shuttles. Would definitely stay here again.Ulasan otentik tamu Hotels.com
"Great place"
Great place, great price, clean and in great shape. Free breakfast was the same every day which got old at end of trip but it was still good. So close to Disney I could not believe the price I got.Ulasan otentik tamu Hotels.com
"Too short"
We stayed here to be closer to Children's Hospital of Orange County where my son had an early morning appt. Too bad we arrived so late in the evening, didn't have time to use the pool or spa, but very quiet, comfortable room/suite. I would definitely stay here again.Ulasan otentik tamu Hotels.com
The staff is incompetent and training should be implemented ASAP.Ulasan otentik tamu Hotels.com
"Great place....close to UCI Medical Center"
So nice to have a quiet and clean place to stay after an exhausting day at the Hospital. We stayed the night before surgery and also the evening after surgery. Breakfast was great....nice to get an early start. It was fun to watch all the families and their little ones.....all excited to spend the day at Disneyland nearby!!Ulasan otentik tamu Hotels.com
"less than 10 minutes from Disneyland"
We have stayed in this hotel several times over the years. It is close to all of the Anaheim attractions and several places to eat without all of the traffic. The hotel is clean and the beds are very comfortable. The only negative thing I can say is the breakfast (to me anyway) is not very good. Great hotel for the value.Ulasan otentik tamu Hotels.com
"The Hotel was dirty. Look for bed bugs. I"
I can not even tell you how terrible!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! My daughter and I were left trying to find another hotel at 10:00 pm. They offered a free breakfast. didn't have the breakfast. They don't want you to see how bad it was. It could make your vacation bad. . Even the Bell Man???????????? Said it was bad. He just gave out the rooms. He said he didn't […] clean . Have a wonderful vacation. Please don't let it be here. Even this message I have been threatened. Baca selengkapnyaUlasan otentik tamu Hotels.com
Beware of how they charge your credit card! They took a carbon copy of my card and handed my back a blank slip to sign. When I told them I would not sign a blank charge slip they told me I couldn't stay or needed to be charged 250.00 for incidentals. I travel a lot and I am used to the average charges when staying at hotels, however to hand someone […] a blank slip with my signature leaves the door wide open for credit card fraud and I would not be able to do anything about it. Made my stay really uneasy. I can promise I will never stay there again! Baca selengkapnyaUlasan otentik tamu Hotels.com
How on earth did this hotel fall into the 4 Star category? That was very wrong! I give it 2.5 to 3, max! Grrrrrr! );Ulasan otentik tamu Hotels.com
"Not happy"
Booked handicaped room thru Hotels.com. Got a call after we left home, that they would have to charge us $20 more because there were no standard handicapped left. When we got there and I complained, the lady was very rude and basically told me "tough, thats the way it is". I asked to speak to the manager upon check in and when we checked out, and was […] told, both times, that the manager was not there. Baca selengkapnyaUlasan otentik tamu Hotels.com
"exceeded our expectations"
Our room was a two room suite. The living room/kitchen area was very large. There were four of us so that was important. It was quiet and comfortable. The breakfast was more than adequate. Overall a very nice stay.Ulasan otentik tamu Hotels.com
Room and location was very good, breakfast, not so much. I would recommend this place for a comfortable stay.Ulasan otentik tamu Hotels.com
"A Great Place to Stay!"
This was our second time in a month to stay at this wonderful hotel! Love watching the fireworks from the 3rd floor. The staff is always friendly and welcoming. Will definitely stay again.Ulasan otentik tamu Hotels.com
Ulasan dan peringkat yang ada di situs ini merupakan pendapat pribadi dari pelanggan dan suplier yang bersangkutan; ulasan tersebut tidak mencerminkan posisi Hotels.com. Baik Hotels.com maupun pihak yang terlibat untuk pengadaaan konten ulasan tidak dapat dimintai pertanggungjawaban untuk kerugian dalam bentuk apa pun yang disebabkan dari penggunaan ulasan ini


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EnumDataSourceNames Method
This feature will be removed in a future version of Microsoft SQL Server. Avoid using this feature in new development work, and plan to modify applications that currently use this feature.
The EnumDataSourceNames method returns a QueryResults object that enumerates data sources visible to an instance of Microsoft SQL Server participating in replication as a Publisher.
A QueryResults object that contains one result set defined by these columns.
Column | Data type | Description |
Data Source Name | nvarchar(129) | Name of the data source. Interpret and use the name based on the value of the Type column. |
Description | varchar(512) | Descriptive text. |
Type | integer | Type of data source. 1 equals ODBC. 3 equals OLE DB. |
Provider Name | varchar(512) | When Typeis 3,contains the name of the OLE DB provider. Empty when Type is 1. |


text:
When last this conversation took place before begin hijacked, this was the last post:
Igeteven wrote:
I answer your question the best I can.
1. I was never in favor of Poly, why, I don't like nothing that is not natural , Horses like to run on a track that they know, dirt is a very natural surface, Poly is not. This brain child was done for pure money, some people made a small fortune out of it. SA took a bath, however the people who originally was involved I believe are gone. IMO, kick backs, very common in the industry. I believe Del Mar was force to do it, if I recall, Del Mar didn't pay for it and some other agency pick it up. Craig was against it when he was running the track. Harper had more problems that it was worth. However, as we all know, bad things always comes out to become good things over time. When HP closes, Cal Racing will go into a full swing mode, when both tracks are completed, Del Mar will get more days to even out the other days with SA, As I said, the racing wars will begin when both Tracks are completed.
Mary acknowledged the payment was around 6 million.
So a few things I would like to continue discussing which were never addressed:
- I know a few people were passionate that Del Mar would switch back to dirt very soon. So my concern to ask is if that switch is the case, where is the money going to come from to change the surface as well as upgrade other aspects of the track to draw the Breeder's Cup to Del Mar.
- Another point I would like to discuss was if the handle and entries was severely hurt when the Breeders Cup was run at Santa Anita on their Cushion Track. If I remember right, the European horses fared better, but the number of entries and handle didn't suffer, i think?
I just don't see any "damage" a synthetic track is doing to the game other than frustrating people who believe that dead speed is the ideal.
Polytrack has been proven to be safer for the horses, and shouldn't that be priority number one.
I just think something different for the game is good for the game.


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I stayed here for 1 night whilst on Skye for a recent photo trip. I was fortunate enough to find a room here after a last minute change of plans. On arriving slightly earlier than agreed i was met at the door by Margaret and shown to my room (the twin room). The room was spacious, spotlessly clean and modernly... More
- Also Known As:
- Carnbeag B&B Uig, Scotland
- Official Description (provided by the hotel):
- Carnbeag Bed and Breakfast is a comfortable, modern house situated just half a mile from Uig, ideal for the Western Isles Ferry and only a 20 minutes drive from Skye's capital, Portree. We are an ideal base for touring Skye, for hill walking or for having a relaxing holiday. The house enjoys spectacular views with breathtaking sunsets. ... more less


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My Nikon D40 Experience 9
Just a quick blog update today, it's been 5 days since my last post and this is my first entry for the month of September. Not in the mood to write, I just had a tight weekend and until now I want to take a rest. So instead of writing it, I think the photos below will explain how happy I am with my Nikon D40.
You can check my other post about How to buy a Digital SLR Camera. Thanks to my boss for the pictures (Sony Ericsson K810i)
My first Nikon D40 shoot
My first Nikon D40 night outdoor shoot


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My Cart
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Women's Salomon XT Wings 3
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Women's Salomon Speedcross 3
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Women's Salomon XA Pro 3D Ultra 2
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Women's Salomon XR Mission
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Women's Salomon Fellraiser
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Women's Salomon XA Pro 3D Ultra CS WP
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EXTRATERRESTRIAL: Building blocks of genetic material extracted from a fragment of the Murchison meteorite, similar to the sample shown here, formed in deep space, according to a new study.
Image: Department of Energy
The Best Science Writing Online 2012
Showcasing more than fifty of the most provocative, original, and significant online essays from 2011, The Best Science Writing Online 2012 will change the way...
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A new study finds that a pair of chemical building blocks similar to those in genetic material was present in a meteorite before it fell to Earth in the 1960s. Researchers say the finding makes it slightly more plausible that meteorite bombardments may have seeded ancient Earth with life's raw materials, potentially paving the way for life itself.
Part of the scientific mystery of how life emerged is the origin of chemical building blocks: Were they created by chemical reactions on Earth or did they, perhaps, hitch rides on meteorites that may have germinated our and other planets in our solar system with the same molecules? By studying meteorite fragments, such as those that fell in 1969 near the town of Murchison, in the southeastern Australian state of Victoria, researchers have learned that they contain carbon-based compounds that most likely formed in space, including sugars and amino acids.
They were not sure, however, about a class of compounds called nucleobases, which when fused with sugar molecules are the building blocks of nucleic acids such as DNA (the stuff of genes) and its close cousin RNA (produced when genes switch on). Researchers have speculated that life may have arisen from RNA molecules that acquired the ability to copy themselves. But they have had a hard time generating nucleobases in experiments designed to mimic chemical conditions on the early Earth, says Zita Martins, a chemist and astrobiologist at Imperial College London.
To check the origin of two nucleobases—uracil, found in RNA, and xanthine, a common cellular constituent—Martins and her colleagues analyzed the ratio of carbon isotopes in the two compounds. Most carbon on Earth consists of carbon 12, named for the number of protons and neutrons in its atomic nucleus, rather than its slightly heavier cousin, carbon 13.
Martins and her colleagues compared carbon isotopes in the Murchison nucleobases to soil samples from Murchison as well as to a common mineral. As expected if the nucleobases were forged in deep space, they were richer in carbon 13—by 44.5 percent for uracil and 37.7 percent for xanthine—compared with the other samples, the group reports in Earth and Planetary Science Letters.
"It really clarifies at least that the building blocks of genetic material, the nucleobases, were available" in the early Earth, Martins says. "We are not saying that only meteorites contributed to the building blocks of life," she adds, "but it's a very great contribution."
The concentration of nucleobases in the Murchison meteorite is relatively low. Martins and her co-workers needed 0.5 ounce (15 grams) of space rock to extract their sample, compared with milligram-size samples for other chemicals, she says. But researchers believe that space rocks and dust once rained onto Earth in billions of tons per year.
Other researchers say the finding appears to be solid, although some are skeptical of its significance. Robert Shapiro, a professor emeritus and senior research scientist in chemistry at New York University, says that because of their low concentration, extraterrestrial nucleobases were unlikely to have played much of a role in kick-starting life. "They're a subunit of a subunit of DNA," he says. "My opinion is that their amounts were utterly unimportant and insignificant." He says he would be more impressed if whole nucleosides—bases plus sugars—were found in meteorites in concentrations similar to those of amino acids.
And researchers may yet discover ways that Earthly chemistry—perhaps around hydrothermal vents—could have generated nucleobases and other compounds.
Conel Alexander, a geochemist at the Carnegie Institution of Washington who specializes in meteorites, says that without more data, claims about the amounts and sources of molecules on early Earth should be taken with a grain of salt. "It really comes down to quantitative arguments about how much was made on Earth [and] how much was brought in from space," he says. "Any honest person would keep an open mind about the whole issue."


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This is the rear view mirror used by police officers and professional racecar drivers to eliminate blind spots. The patented, seamless mirror has a 180° field of view (standard interior and exterior mirrors combined offer only 52°) that provides a distortion-free reflection of rear traffic across an entire five-lane highway. This panoramic view allows the driver to continuously monitor adjacent vehicles when merging or changing lanes without turning his or her head. The mirror automatically reduces the headlight glare of trailing vehicles by 50% and clamps over most existing rear view mirrors without requiring tools or adhesives. 15 3/4" W x 2 3/4" H x 3/4" D. (10 oz.)
Lifetime Guarantee
The No Blind Spot Rear View Mirror comes with The Hammacher Schlemmer Lifetime Guarantee at no additional charge. If this product ever disappoints you, for any reason, you may return your Hammacher Schlemmer purchase for exchange, credit, or refund.Should you have any questions, we are available 24 hours a day, seven days a week. Please call 1-800-321-1484 to speak with a product specialist or email us at firstname.lastname@example.com to receive a response within one hour.
Shipping charges noted in parentheses apply in addition to our standard shipping & service.
We're sorry, but gift wrap is not available. Please call 1-800-395-7006 for Premium or Express delivery rates.
Oversized items scheduled for expedited delivery (Premium or Express) may incur additional shipping and services charges because of their unusual size. Please call 1-800-321-1484 for an estimate of S&S charges. International callers, please call 1-513-860-3397.
We're sorry, but gift wrap is not available for oversized items.
Shipped via truck and may require customer assistance upon delivery. You will be contacted to make an appointment for delivery.
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GST still applies and will be charged upon processing. For complete shipping & service charges please call Customer Service at 1-800-321-1484.
May we recommend:
(based on 334 reviews)
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Good Product
By Rose
from Valrico, FL
Installed mirror on a 2014 Nissan Rogue. I am very satisfied with it.
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worth the purchase
By jerry
from gulf coast florida.
useful to expand the rear facing field of view
I would definitively buy this item again
By Joe the car lover
from Linden, NJ
This item was delivered at my house a week after I ordered it. I have a large truck, and it fits perfectly. Besides, it is very practical because I can see the back and both sides of the car. Great accessory especially for larger cars.
A good product
By Patrician400
from Raleigh, NC
Mirror performs as advertised, but needs rubber tips on mounting points to prevent vibration noise.
(0 of 1 customers found this review helpful)
I would like for it to be a little wider
By tootsie
from S. C.
I am happy with it.
(1 of 1 customers found this review helpful)
The No Blind Spot Rear View Mirror.
By Flyer
from West Coast Florida
Would like to have dimming feature so headlights from behind cannot be blinding at night
Blind Spot Reducer
By Jimbo
from Denton, TX
Senior citizens need this to increase rear visibility.
Reflecting on my mirror purchase
By Sweet Old Bill (SOB)
from Olympia, Wa.
Both my wife and I, being of an advanced vintage, have somewhat restricted neck movement and this 180 degree vehicle mirror is a great help in terms of safety and ease of driving. I may buy two more of them as gifts for my daughters.
Very heelpful mirror
By JDK
from Inver Grove Hts., MN
I can view all my blind spots without turning head or body. When using the sun visors part of the view is obscured.
The Mirror That keeps On Goivong
By Sonny
from Medford Mass. 7 mikles friom Boston
I would recommend this mirror with no doubts