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What impact do negative campaign ads have on 2012 race?
Michael Reagan weighs in
Jul 17, 2012
Michael Reagan
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Michael Reagan weighs in
Jul 17, 2012
Michael Reagan
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Negative -- these negative attacks spending home.
This time talking about me and started talking about.
What he's gonna do it that's not -- lower your gas prices.
It doesn't go single.
To help the American thing.
It's politics -- -- game.
We don't need to slash and burn say anything do anything politics.
The -- and distraction of terrorism departments that are bringing us together.
Because if you don't have any fresh ideas.
That you use stale tactics to scare voters.
You don't have a record to run on.
You're paying your opponent as someone people should run chrome.
That's why you're spending these last weeks calling me every name in the -- If you can't beat your opponent's ideas you to start those ideas that maybe make some up.
Well those -- remarks from then candidate Obama just four years ago.
Suggesting it was not his style or his desire in any way to demonize his opponent on the campaign trail he promised a different kind of campaign and a different kind of presidency.
Fast forward to 2012 however the -- show that the campaign season is becoming even more negative perhaps than ever before.
According to our latest research the Obama campaign is run more than 37000.
TV ads in the last couple of weeks mostly in the battleground states.
90% of which are devoted to attacking.
Governor Mitt Romney.
Political consultant Michael Reagan is chairman of the Reagan group and with me now.
Michael you know -- they're beautiful sentiments when he -- what Barack Obama was saying on the campaign trail.
I'm back in LA and it is that kind of attitude and posit tip city.
An uplifting devotion to a debate about the issues that.
Bullied him into office for a lot of voters you know the cause and to get behind them when they might not otherwise done so.
It seems clear from the -- he has not lived up to that his opponent has not lived up to that and we now find ourselves in -- in a season that is what as negative as it's ever gotten.
What was refused -- -- -- use those statements back in 2008.
And brought the country together united the country together.
But -- the policies -- put forward.
We're disastrous and they are still disastrous.
So now -- for the position not able to defend his policies.
These brought forward in Washington DC -- so now he's on the attack.
Attacking Mitt Romney and the Republicans as if it's.
Their -- his policies are not working at courses that the way he's gonna play the game all the way through because he has no policy that in fact he can put forward.
They're working for the American public and putting the country back to work.
What happened do you think that he believed those words.
When he said them you know I mean I think he seems sincere to most folks at the time the folks who got behind him.
And end yet.
It's so very different this time around.
But he had no doubt -- it had no doubt the believe.
In the United States of America no doubt the belief in the free enterprise system no -- the belief.
In corporate America and the creation of jobs his only dep -- don't believe.
Was in good government whether -- -- state government or the federal government.
You know taking care of everything American fact needs and that's because it out policies usually that's the policy change -- -- never defined change.
And it brought people together waiting for change well now they've seen the change the changes people were out of work.
The country's in a free fall people are going back to work and they're hoping now for change in the next election he's trying to sell the same -- sold in 2008.
But do it by demonizing Mitt Romney what Mitt Romney needs to do.
Is stay on message.
Of hope he needs to be that candidate -- 2008.
-- When I'm ready get up my healthy debate is you you are critic -- criticizing Barack Obama's policies and it's no surprise to our viewers that you -- in a not a fan of them but.
What do you think happened and where is that man who was talking about how he wouldn't demonize his opponent how he was gonna stay positive about how.
You know the big ideas are what matter when you don't have any that's when you go to the pollen.
-- of personal destruction.
Will that man has policies that actually failed.
If so he does want to talk about those policies that actually felt I mean when you put two budgets together.
Given to the congress United States and they've gone down twice -- -- -- -- nine to zero.
You've got some real problems in Washington DC when people are losing jobs wouldn't you know my father taught me -- his father taught him.
When they start paying you not to work why work.
And so you have people that they be paid not the work.
That people aren't going to work people are looking for jobs so we can't stand back and say look what I've done look at my policies.
I put America back to work so we have to do exactly what he was saint John McCain was doing.
It 2008.
Attack his opponent.
I -- to the point where yes -- people after surrogates calling.
Mitt Romney -- -- I mean.
-- Romney needs to stay on message what he needs to do not get off message to what we.
What Barack Obama try do is change the message to make Mitt Romney defend.
Being successful.
Carl James Carville went on Hannity last night a fascinating interview you should check it out online you have seen -- to the viewers.
And in he said he saw a lot of these clips and they had a similar discussion he said.
Her -- Chicago good job.
He you know in terms of that the negativity and attacks and in bringing this down to a street fight and he said look politics is always been ugly.
He talked about when his former boss Bill Clinton was running for office how some folks were accusing him of murder.
And said you know sort of welcome to the game this is what happens and kinda said look the promises were with the provinces were but politics is -- that's the world.
Which whenever you don't make it and make -- -- -- -- selling things never change from our back in 1960 my dad ran for governor.
And Governor Brown took out an -- and he was in the -- he was talking to a young black child 1213 years of -- -- was explained to him he is running for a third time as governor.
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- And governor -- -- I'm running against an actor and you know as an actor that shot Abe Lincoln.
And and everybody was appalled.
The media was appalled that people California -- -- -- followed behind in the polls and within 72 hours she went from being behind in the polls to be -- And never look back because people of America were appalled that somebody would even take out an -- like that.
Today you could run that -- an American people -- What was -- shot -- what's the problem that -- -- And that's how Americans change is not the politics and change.
It's America is change at American now accepts negative ads except the street fight and -- would sit back -- say.
Well -- of nothing's getting done.
-- we as Americans say they -- what this -- -- so I'm not gonna take a more it will stay in that system and a Michael Reagan always great to get your perspective thank you share.
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Scuba Diving Photos
Martin Strmiska
Look Jan/Feb
Thingvellir Lake, Silfra, Iceland: Snow and ice from glaciers 30 miles away is filtered through layers of rock before reaching Thingvellir valley. Here, absolutely pure water from 36 to 40 degrees F emerges from the ground and fills Silfra crack, creating a constant, mild current and amazing visibility as far as the eye can see.We've taken the images chosen for each Look section from the 2012 issues and rounded them up for your viewing pleasure. Which is your favorite?

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Regardless of experience it is important to go over simple safety procedures in your head everytime you ride to ensure your safety as well as that of your passengers and others sharing the roadways. Motorcycles are the more vulnerable of the vehicles and need to be especially cautious when traveling.
Before You Ride
Read the owner's manual, as it will give you many specifics that you will find helpful in understanding and maintaining your bike.
Check the tires – these are the most important parts of your bike. Check the surface of the tires for cuts and foreign objects. Check the tire pressure with a good gauge.
Check the controls – cables are strong and rarely break, but check for kinks or stiffness.
Check your lights, turn signals, horn, and mirrors.
Check the oil, fuel, and if your bike is liquid-cooled, the coolant levels.
If your motorcycle has a chain-drive to the rear wheel, make sure that the chain is properly tensioned and in good shape.
Make sure that the sidestand and centerstand fold up and stay up.
Check your brakes as you roll off. Make sure they work.
On the Road
A good reminder for safe riding in traffic: Search around you for potential hazards. Evaluate any possible hazards, such as railroad tracks, turning cars, etc. Execute the proper action to avoid the hazard.
Make sure other drivers see you: Make sure your headlamps are on (even during the day), wear bright clothes, and always signal your intentions. Don't be shy about using your horn to make someone aware of your presence or to make them aware of what they are doing (dozing, getting too close, etc.).| Position your bike where it can be seen. Don't put yourself behind a large truck or in a vehicle's blind spot.
Make sure you can see others: Keep your eyes moving. If they are locked on one thing, you may not notice a potential hazard. Never let your eyes focus on an object for more than two seconds.
When you're riding in traffic, at speeds under 40 mph, keep a two-second gap between you and the car in front of you.
When you're out on the open road, at higher speeds, the gap should be three or four seconds or more, depending on your speed.
Intersections are particularly dangerous. Always check for traffic coming from the side and from behind. Make sure no one is about to run up your tailpipe.
Passing You should be two (or more) seconds behind the vehicle you want to pass. Always make sure you turn and check your blind spot with your head. Don't try to overtake another vehicle if a corner is coming up.
Night riding Dusk is actually the most dangerous time to ride, when people's eyes are adjusting from daylight to headlights. The distance between you and the vehicle in front of you becomes even more important as it gets darker. Wear a clear faceshield without scratches. A scratch can create light refraction that might confuse you – two headlights can look like four, for example.
Carrying a Passenger on Your Motorcycle
Make sure the motorcycle is designed to carry a passenger.
If you decide to carry a child, make sure the child is mature enough to handle the responsibilities, can reach the footrests, wears a helmet and other protective gear, and holds onto you or the passenger hand-holds.
Keep in mind that some states have minimum age requirements for riders.
Instruct your passenger to keep his or her legs away from the muffler to avoid burns.
Instruct your passenger to limit movement and talking.
Remember that the extra weight from carrying a passenger can affect braking procedures, starting from a stop, and riding through a corner.
Exercise caution in quick stops, as a passenger can move forward and bump your helmet with theirs.
Passing will require more time and space.
The effects of the wind will be more distinct.
Review the motorcycle owner's manual for tips on preparing for riding with a passenger.
Do not exceed the weight limitations specified in the manual.
Before riding, practice low-speed clutch/throttle control and normal and emergency braking in an open area, like a parking lot, with a passenger.
Allow the passenger time to adjust to the speed of riding and the feeling of leaning.
Make sure the passenger keeps all hands and feet away from hot or moving parts.
When in a corner, the passenger should look over the operator's shoulder in the direction of the corner.
The passenger should not make any sudden movements or turns.
When crossing an obstacle, the passenger should stand on the motorcycle pegs with knees slightly bent, allowing the legs to absorb the shock upon impact.
The motorcycle should be started before the passenger mounts


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The new version presents a huge number of innovations and improvements. Their number is so large that the creators of 3ds Max suggests that it is - the most significant release since version 3D Studio Max 4. Perhaps one of the most notable innovations - the inclusion of the popular set of software tools for modeling PolyBoost, which were previously available as add-on. In 3ds Max, these tools will appear under the name Graphite Modeling Tools. Thanks PolyBoost, in total, the new version will be more than 100 new instruments.
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text:
As society has crumbled and all the convenience of the modern age were lost the need for cheap labor grew and with that the slave markets. One of the most effective and feared slavers out there is known as the Black Sparrow. Her slave carts deliver their cargo to the towns, the tech cultists and the cannibals that make the wastes t... [click here for more]
From above a mound of scrap Nani looks down over the Junkyard, D.A.W.G her loyal mechanical companion by her side, the letters don't stand for anything but Nani know that in the time before all military hardware had dots between after every letter in their name. From where she stands she can not see the wars the Tyrants son's are fighting in his absence,... [click here for more]
The poison jungles along the shore of the glass sea are home to secrets and peaceful tribe men. Some of those secrets may be coming to the surface soon and the cannibal cults of the Shimer Drift are starting to see the tribes of the poison jungle as a delicacy, or maybe even an addiction. Can your team of wasters keep the secrets or uncover them, save the tribes or ... [click here for more]
In the Red Hills people tell a lot of stories, the talk of a pleasant valley where everything is green and growing, where people have enough water and nobody fights. They all tell stories of a great fiery star crashing to earth during the fall. Some of these stories are true and the people of the Greenvale do seem to have everything they need but lately some of t... [click here for more]
Cutting through the wastes like a glistening frozen ocean is the glass sea. This vast stretch of glass is filled with sparks and plied by ships which float above the smooth surface on magnetic rails. It is a place where electricity is harvested and cathode city, the biggest port on the glass sea has electric lights all night long.
The burn is a dark and ashy place where few people feel comfortable traveling. The discomfort is caused by more than just the dreary ash covered landscape and the occasional charred skeleton, the burn is stronghold of the cannibal cults. This group of leaderless fanatics roam the burn and surrounding wastes looking for either converts or lunch.
The Vault was built to keep humanity safe but it may just have become a prison. The overseer watches every move and makes sure that everyone does what is best for the future of humanity. There are those that think the future may be now from ambitious free traders to repair technicians that have seen the outside world an survived.
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Water Quality Handbook--2nd. Ed. By E. Roberts Alley , 2006, Hardback, 848 pages, ISBN: 0071467602 / 9780071467605
Wastewater treatment professionals can turn to the updated Second Edition of Water Quality Control Handbook for cutting-edge information on designing and operating systems used to treat wastewater from industrial and domestic sources. This state-of-the-art guide explores design innovations, equipment selection, treatment processes, new regulations, and operating methods for achieving peak performance in all kinds of wastewater treatment facilities. Noted pollution control expert E. Roberts Alley examines breakthroughs that are improving current wastewater treatment practice. He covers the optimization of activated sludge wastewater treatment through cation control …pH control for quickly varying pH levels…and the use of separate activated sludge treatment units in series to efficiently treat a mixture of biodegradable and refractory organics. The author also discusses the design of activated sludge wetlands…new pollutant precipitation techniques…total nitrogen removal design…recommendations for reducing effluent toxicity to aquatic life…and much more. Filled with 650 illustrations, charts, and tables. Table of contents Chapter 1: Introduction Part I: The Theory and Quantification of Water Pollution Chapter 2: Sources of Water Pollution Chapter 3: Pollutant Classification Chapter 4: Water Quality Part II: Water Quality Management Chapter 5: Environmental Management Part III: Water Pollution Regulations Chapter 6: Regulatory Standards Part IV: Water Pollution Control Chapter 7: Wastewater Treatment Plant Design Chapter 8: Physical Treatment Chapter 9: Chemical Treatment Chapter 10: Biological Treatment Part V: Residuals Chapter 11: Residual Treatment Part VI: Treatment Summary Chapter 12: Wastewater Treatment Solutions Chapter 13: Pollutant Information Part VII: Appendices Appendix A: Hydraulic Information Appendix B: Conversion Data Appendix C: Water Characteristics Appendix D: Chemical Characteristics Appendix E: Design Information Appendix F: Sampling and Analytical Methods Appendix G: GAC Isotherm Data (US EPA, Publication No. EPA-600/8-80-023) Index Biographical note E. Roberts Alley is an authority on pollution control and Chairman of the Board and Founder of E. Roberts Alley & Associates, Inc/, one of the country's leading environmental engineering firms. A diplomat of the American Academy of Environmental Engineers and a Professional Engineer, he is the author of Stormwater Management, published by APWA and MTAS, and Air Pollution Control Handbook published by McGraw-Hill.
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Gardening Health and Safety Tips
Gardening can be a great way to enjoy the outdoors, get physical activity, beautify the community, and grow nutritious fruits and vegetables. Whether you are a beginner or expert gardener, health and safety are always important.
Below are some tips to help keep you safe and healthy so that you can enjoy the beauty and bounty gardening can bring.
Dress to protect.Gear up to protect yourself from lawn and garden pests, harmful chemicals, sharp or motorized equipment, insects, and harmful rays of too much sun.
Put safety first.Powered and unpowered tools and equipment can cause serious injury. Limit distractions, use chemicals and equipment properly, and be aware of hazards to lower your risk for injury.
Know your limits in the heat.Even being out for short periods of time in high temperatures can cause serious health problems. Monitor your activities and time in the sun to lower your risk for heat-related illness.
Persons with disabilities and physical activity.Talk to your health care provider if you have physical, mental, or environmental concerns that may impair your ability to work in the garden safely.
Arthritis: Frequently Asked Questions - General Public Gardening Tips for Everyone (Arthritis Foundation) |
Enjoy the benefits of physical activity.Gardening is an excellent way to get physical activity. Active people are less likely than inactive people to be obese or have high blood pressure, type 2 diabetes, osteoporosis, heart disease, stroke, depression, colon cancer, and premature death.
Get vaccinated.Vaccinations can prevent many diseases and save lives. All adults should get a tetanus vaccination every 10 years. Tetanus lives in the soil and enters the body through breaks in the skin. Because gardeners use sharp tools, dig in the dirt, and handle plants with sharp points, they are particularly prone to tetanus infections.
This site contains documents in PDF format. You will need Adobe Acrobat Reader to access the file. If you do not have the Acrobat Reader, you may download a free copy from the Adobe Web site.
Page last modified: April 3, 2013
Page last reviewed: April 3, 2013


text:
Gaston Bachelard
Born | June 27, 1884 Bar-sur-Aube |
Died | October 16, 1962 Paris |
Era | 20th century philosophy |
Region | Western philosophy |
School | Continental philosophy |
Main interests | Historical epistemology constructivist epistemology, history and philosophy of science, philosophy of art, psychoanalysis, literary theory, education |
Notable ideas | Epistemological break, rational materialism, technoscience (techno-science)[1] |
Influenced by
Signature |
Gaston Bachelard (French: [baʃlaʁ]; June 27, 1884 – October 16, 1962) was a French philosopher.[3] He made contributions in the fields of poetics and the philosophy of science. To the latter he introduced the concepts of epistemological obstacle and epistemological break (obstacle épistémologique et rupture épistémologique). He rose to some of the most prestigious positions in the Académie française and influenced many subsequent French philosophers, among them Michel Foucault, Louis Althusser, Dominique Lecourt and Jacques Derrida.
Life and work[edit]
Bachelard was a postmaster in Bar-sur-Aube, and then studied physics before finally becoming interested in philosophy. He was a professor at Dijon from 1930 to 1940 and then became the inaugural chair in history and philosophy of the sciences at the Sorbonne.
Bachelard's psychology of science[edit]
Bachelard's studies of the history and philosophy of science in such works as Le nouvel esprit scientifique ("The New Scientific Spirit", 1934) and La formation de l'esprit scientifique ("The Formation of the Scientific Mind", 1938) were based on his vision of historical epistemology as a kind of psychoanalysis of the scientific mind, or rather of the psychological factors in the development of sciences. For instance, he takes the example of Heisenberg's first chapters of the Physical principles of the quantum theory, where he alternatively defends a corpuscular theory and an undulatory theory, correcting each by the others (The New Scientific Mind, IV). This, claims Bachelard, is an excellent example of the importance of psychological training in sciences, as one should correct spontaneous errors by taking the opposite stance.
In the English-speaking world, the connection Bachelard made between psychology and the history of science has been little understood. Bachelard demonstrated how the progress of science could be blocked by certain types of mental patterns, creating the concept of obstacle épistémologique ("epistemological obstacle"). One task of epistemology is to make clear the mental patterns at use in science, in order to help scientists overcome the obstacles to knowledge.
Epistemological breaks: the discontinuity of scientific progress[edit]
Bachelard was critical of Auguste Comte's positivism, which considered science as a continual progress. To Bachelard, scientific developments such as Einstein's theory of relativity demonstrated the discontinuous nature of the history of sciences. Thus models that framed scientific development as continuous, such as that of Comte and Émile Meyerson, seemed simplistic and erroneous to Bachelard.
Through his concept of "epistemological break", Bachelard underlined the discontinuity at work in the history of sciences. However the term "epistemological break" itself is almost never used by Bachelard, but became famous through Louis Althusser.
He showed that new theories integrated old theories in new paradigms, changing the sense of concepts (for instance, the concept of mass, used by Newton and Einstein in two different senses). Thus, non-Euclidean geometry did not contradict Euclidean geometry, but integrated it into a larger framework.
The role of epistemology in science[edit]
Bachelard was a rationalist in the Cartesian sense, although he recommended his "non-Cartesian epistemology" as a replacement for the more standard Cartesian epistemology.[4] He compared "scientific knowledge" to ordinary knowledge in the way we deal with it, and saw error as only illusion: "Scientifically, we think of truth as the historical rectification of a long error, and we think of experience as the rectification of the common and original illusion (illusion première).[5]
The role of epistemology is to show the history of the (scientific) production of concepts; those concepts are not just theoretical propositions: they are simultaneously abstract and concrete, pervading technical and pedagogical activity. This explains why "The electric lightbulb is an object of scientific thought… an example of an abstract-concrete object."[6] To understand the way it works, one has to take the detour of scientific knowledge. Epistemology is thus not a general philosophy that aims at justifying scientific reasoning. Instead it produces regional histories of science.
Shifts in scientific perspective[edit]
Bachelard saw how seemingly irrational theories often simply represented a drastic shift in scientific perspective. For instance, he claimed that the theory of probabilities was just another way of complexifying reality through a deepening of rationality (even though critics like Lord Kelvin found this theory irrational).[7]
One of his main theses in The New Scientific Mind was that modern sciences had replaced the classical ontology of the substance with an "ontology of relations", which could be assimilated to something like a process philosophy. For instance, the physical concepts of matter and rays correspond, according to him, to the metaphysical concepts of the thing and of movement; but whereas classical philosophy considered both as distinct, and the thing as ontologically real, modern science can not distinguish matter from rays: it is thus impossible to examine an immobile thing, which was precisely the condition for knowledge according to classical theory of knowledge (Becoming being impossible to be known, in accordance with Aristotle and Plato's theories of knowledge).
In non-Cartesian epistemology, there is no "simple substance" as in Cartesianism, but only complex objects built by theories and experiments, and continuously improved (VI, 4). Intuition is therefore not primitive, but built (VI, 2). These themes led Bachelard to support a sort of constructivist epistemology.
Other academic interests[edit]
In addition to epistemology, Bachelard's work deals with many other topics, including poetry, dreams, psychoanalysis, and the imagination. The Psychoanalysis of Fire (1938) and The Poetics of Space (1958) are among the most popular of his works. Sartre cites the former and Bachelard's "Water and Dreams" in his Being and Nothingness.
Thomas S. Kuhn used Bachelard's notion of "epistemological rupture" (coupure or rupture épistémologique) as re-interpreted by Alexandre Koyré to develop his theory of paradigm changes; Althusser, Georges Canguilhem (his successor at the Sorbonne) and Michel Foucault also drew upon Bachelard's epistemology.
Bachelard's daughter, Suzanne, translated Husserl's Formale und transzendentale Logik into French.
- Et, quoi qu'on en dise, dans la vie scientifique, les problèmes ne se posent pas d'eux-mêmes. C'est précisément ce sens du problème qui donne la marque du véritable esprit scientifique. Pour un esprit scientifique, toute connaissance est une réponse à une question. S'il n'y a pas eu de question, il ne peut y avoir de connaissance scientifique. Rien ne va de soi. Rien n'est donné. Tout est construit — Gaston Bachelard (La formation de l'esprit scientifique, 1934)[citation needed]
- "And, irrespective of what one might assume, in the life of a science, problems do not arise by themselves. It is precisely this that marks out a problem as being of the true scientific spirit: all knowledge is in response to a question. If there were no question, there would be no scientific knowledge. Nothing proceeds from itself. Nothing is given. All is constructed."[citation needed]
- It is the pen which dreams. (The Poetics of Reverie, 1960)[citation needed]
- It is not a question of observation which propels mankind forward as if toward a looking glass of great magnitude; it is an instance of aggrandized reflection that insinuates the human psyche to the inhuman.[citation needed]
- Michel Foucault: Bachelard "plays against his own culture with his own culture".[8]
His works include:
- Essai sur la connaissance approchée (1928)
- Étude sur l'évolution d'un problème de physique: la propagation thermique dans les solides (1928)
- La valeur inductive de la relativité (1929)
- La pluralisme cohérent de la chimie moderne (1932)
- L'Intuition de l'instant (1932)
- Les intuitions atomistiques: essai de classification (1933)
- Le nouvel esprit scientifique (1934)
- La dialectique de la durée (1936)
- L'expérience de l'espace dans la physique contemporaine (1937)
- La formation de l'esprit scientifique: contribution à une psychanalyse de la connaissance objective (1938)
- La psychanalyse du feu (The Psychoanalysis of Fire, 1938)
- La philosophie du non: essai d'une philosophie du nouvel esprit scientifique (1940), publisher it:Pellicanolibri, 1978
- L'eau et les rêves (Water and Dreams, 1942)
- L'air et les songes (Air and Dreams, 1943)
- La terre et les rêveries du repos (Earth and Reveries of Repose, 1946)
- La terre et les rêveries de la volonté (Earth and Reveries of Will, 1948)
- Le Rationalisme appliqué (1949)
- L'activité rationaliste de la physique contemporaine (1951)
- Le matérialisme rationnel (1953)
- La poétique de l'espace (The Poetics of Space) English translation ISBN 0-8070-6473-4 (1958)
- La poétique de la rêverie (1960 [1])
- La flamme d'une chandelle (1961)
- L'engagement rationaliste [The Rationalist Engagement] (1972)
English translations[edit]
Though most of Bachelard's major works on poetics have been translated into English, only a few of his works on the philosophy of science have been translated.
- The Philosophy of No: A Philosophy of the New Scientific Mind. Orion Press, New York, 1968. Translation by G.C. Waterston. (La philosophie du non)
- The New Scientific Spirit. Beacon Press, Boston, 1985. Translation by A. Goldhammer. (Le nouvel esprit scientifique)
- Dialectic of Duration. Clinamen, Bolton, 2000. Translation by M. McAllester Jones. (La dialectique de la durée)
- The Formation of the Scientific Mind. Clinamen, Bolton, 2002. Translation by M. McAllester Jones. (La formation de l'esprit scientifique)
- Intuition of the Instant. Northwestern University Press, 2013. Translation by Eileen Rizo-Patron (L'intuition de l'instant)
- Dominique Lecourt, L'épistémologie historique de Gaston Bachelard (1969). Vrin, Paris, 11e édition augmentée, 2002.
- Dominique Lecourt, Pour une critique de l'épistémologie : Bachelard, Canguilhem, Foucault (1972, réed. Maspero, Paris, 5e éd. 1980).
- D. Lecourt, Marxism and Epistemology: Bachelard, Canguilhem and Foucault, New Left Books, London (1975).
- Dominique Lecourt, Bachelard, Epistémologie, textes choisis (1971). PUF, Paris, 6e édition, 1996.
- Dominique Lecourt, Bachelard, le jour et la nuit, Grasset, Paris, 1974.
- Didier Gil, Bachelard et la culture scientifique, Presses Universitaires de France, 1993.
- Didier Gil, Autour de Bachelard - esprit et matière, un siècle français de philosophie des sciences (1867-1962), Les Belles Lettres, Encre marine, 2010.
- Hommage à Gaston Bachelard. Etudes de philosophie et d'histoire des sciences, by C. Bouligand, G. Canguilhem, P. Costabel, F. Courtes, François Dagognet, M. Daumas, Gilles Granger, J. Hyppolite, R. Martin, R. Poirier and R. Taton
- Actes du Colloque sur Bachelard de 1970 (Colloque de Cerisy).
- L'imaginaire du concept: Bachelard, une épistémologie de la pureté by Francoise Gaillard, MLN, Vol. 101, No. 4, French Issue (Sep 1986), pp. 895–911.
- Gaston Bachelard ou le rêve des origines, by Jean-Luc Pouliquen, L'Harmattan, Paris, 2007.
See also[edit]
- ^ A term for the combination of technology and science as disciplines coined in 1953 by Bachelard; see: Gaston Bachelard, La materialisme rationel, Paris: PUF, 1953; Don Ihde, Expanding Hermeneutics: Visualism in Science, Northwestern University Press, 1999, p. 8.
- ^ M. Serres, "La réforme et les sept péchés," L'Arc, 42, Bachelard special issue (1970).
- ^ Biographical Dictionary of Twentieth-Century Philosophers. London: Routledge. 1996. pp. 41–42. ISBN 0-415-06043-5.
- ^ The New Scientific Mind, conclusion.
- ^ The New Scientific Mind, VI, 6.
- ^ in Le Rationalisme appliqué (1949, 2e ed. of 1962, p. 104ff).
- ^ The New Scientific Mind, V (p. 120 French ed., 1934).
- ^ Michel Foucault, Interview of Foucault on Bachelard, INA (video)
Further reading[edit]
- Cristina Chimisso. (2001). Gaston Bachelard: Critic of Science and the Imagination, Routledge.
- Dagognet, F. (1970). "Bachelard, Gaston". Dictionary of Scientific Biography 1. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. pp. 365–366. ISBN 0-684-10114-9.
External links[edit]
Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Gaston Bachelard |
- Website of the Association of Friends of Gaston Bachelard (French)
- Centre Gaston Bachelard de Recherche sur l'Imaginaire et la Rationalité, Université de Bourgogne (French)
- Works of Bachelard on-line (French)
- List of quotes


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Yay I get to bring in striped stockings, paint someone else green, make a bustle out of a belt and a pillow, and run around for about nine hours, then go to a party that I'm not even sure I'll be awake for.
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But srsly, if I wasn't so fucking exhausted, I'd be syked.
I'd also be using proper English words.


text:
Browsing by Author "Puoane, Thandi"
Now showing items 1-20 of 26
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Hughes, Gail; Puoane, Thandi; Bradley, Hazel A. (SEMDSA (Society for Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes of SA), 2006)[more][less]
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Diabetes constitutes a significant health problem in South Africa. Early detection and good management can prevent or delay complications, with national guidelines for diabetes treatment now available to facilitate this. However, problems are being encountered with their implementation and there is evidence that preventive care is still inadequate in South Africa. Community health workers (CHWs) are lay personnel employed to serve as a link between professional health care staff and the community. They visit homes and can be a powerful force for diabetes prevention and adherence to treatment regimens, given appropriate knowledge. METHOD: We conducted a study to evaluate the knowledge, beliefs and attitudes of a group of CHWs serving a poor urban area, using focus groups and personal interviews. RESULTS: The CHWs did not have the requisite knowledge, attitudes and beliefs to make a positive impact on prevention and management of diabetes. For example, they cited eating sugar as a cause of diabetes. They advised folk remedies that purportedly diluted the blood sugar. Their patients took prescribed medication irregularly. Obesity was not considered an important risk factor. Poverty, however, was recognised as an obstacle to proper treatment. CONCLUSION: Training is clearly needed to empower the CHWs with skills to work within their communities to identify risk factors for diabetes and other non-communicable diseases, with emphasis on diet and physical activity. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10566/278 Files in this item: 1
HughesDiabetes2006.pdf (242.4Kb) -
Igumbor, Ehimario U.; Sanders, David; Puoane, Thandi; Tsolekile, Lungiswa; Schwarz, Cassandra; Purdy, Christopher; Swart, Rina; Durao, Solange; Hawkes, Corinna (Public Library of Science, 2012)[more][less]
Abstract: Summary Points: * In South Africa, as in other jurisdictions, ''Big Food'' (large commercial entities that dominate the food and beverage environment) is becoming more widespread and is implicated in unhealthy eating. * ''Small food'' remains significant in the food environment in South Africa, and it is both linked with, and threatened by, Big Food. * Big Food in South Africa involves South African companies, some of which have invested in other (mainly, but not only, African) nations, as well as companies headquartered in North America and Europe. * These companies have developed strategies to increase the availability, affordability, and acceptability of their foods in South Africa; they have also developed a range of ''health and wellness'' initiatives. Whether these initiatives have had a net positive or net negative impact is not clear. The South African government should act urgently to mitigate the adverse health effects in the food environment in South Africa through education about the health risks of unhealthy diets, regulation of Big Food, and support for healthy foods. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10566/431 Files in this item: 1
IgumborFoodEnvironment2012.pdf (197.3Kb) -
Puoane, Thandi; Fourie, JM; Shapiro, M; Rosling, L; Tshaka, N C; Oelefse, A (South African Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2005)[more][less]
Abstract: OBJECTIVES: To explore perceptions about factors associated with body weight and body image among black female community health workers (CHWs) living and working in Khayelitsha, Cape Town. DESIGN: A descriptive, cross-sectional study. Setting. Khayelitsha, a black township in Cape Town, South Africa. SUBJECTS: Forty-four black, female, Xhosa-speaking CHWs working in Khayelitsha. Outcome measures. Anthropometric measures (height, weight, and waist circumference) were taken. Body mass index (BMI) was computed as a measure to estimate total body fat. Waist circumference was used as a measure of abdominal obesity. Focus groups were employed to explore beliefs and attitudes about body size. Information from the focus group discussions was used to develop a semi-structured questionnaire for individual interviews, which were conducted to validate the data from the focus groups, and to assess knowledge on causes and risk factors associated with obesity. A body satisfaction question was also included in the questionnaire. Body image was measured using body shape drawings (pictograms). RESULTS: Of the 44 women measured, 2 had normal weight (BMI 18.5 - 24.9 kg/m2), 2 were overweight (BMI 25 - 30 kg/m2), 25 were obese (BMI 30 - 40 kg/m2) and 15 were extremely obese (BMI ≥ ( 40 kg/m2). A moderately overweight shape (BMI 27 kg/m2) was preferred; this was associated with dignity, respect, confidence, beauty, and wealth. Perceived causes of obesity were eating the wrong food, skipping breakfast and worries about debts, husbands/partners and teenage children. Negative aspects of obesity included body aches and tiredness. CONCLUSION: This study emphasises the prevalence of obesity among urban black women in South Africa, particularly among CHWs. Socio-cultural, behavioural and environmental factors seem to influence the development of obesity in this population. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10566/256 Files in this item: 1
PuoaneBig2005.pdf (302.9Kb) -
Puoane, Thandi; Tsolekile, Lungiswa (Kamla-Raj Enterprises, 2008)[more][less]
Abstract: This paper was conducted to describe some of the circumstances that increases the risk factors for non-communicable diseases amongst the previously disadvantaged South African population. The work presented here is based on an action research in an urban black township of Cape Town. The goal was to develop a Non- Communicable Disease model, which can be used to benefit an urban township community. Using a participatory process data was collected during each stage of the development and implenting interventions. Interviews, observations and situational assessment of resources available for promoting healthy lifestyle in the township were used to collect data. Although urbanisation seems to be a driving force in nutrition transition, there are underlying factors that influence lifestyle changes. These includes the environment in which people find themselves. The city provides variety of cheap unhealthy food at a lower price. Due to poverty and lack of knowledge, healthy foods become of less important. People tend to indulge in food rich in fat and sugars due to the belief that they have missed opportunities of enjoying these foods due to deprivation. This has lead to the increase in the prevalence of NCDs among poor South Africans. In conclusion, this work provided important information regarding the challenges faced by the urbanised poor population in South Africa. Although Khayelitsha was used to illustrate these challenges, the situation is similar to other urban townships of in South Africa. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10566/242 Files in this item: 1
PuoaneChallenges2008.pdf (28.29Kb) -
Puoane, Thandi; Tsolekile, Lungiswa; Sanders, David; Parker, Whadiah (Health Systems Trust, 2008)[more][less]
Abstract: This chapter will examine the current actions, including lifestyle measures, for the prevention and management of non-communicable diseases within a South African context. It will also focus on the biological, behavioural and social determinants of health. Interventions and initiatives directed at primary, secondary and tertiary prevention of chronic non-communicable diseases are also discussed. This chapter ends with recommended lifestyle changes, which can be taken to influence the adoption of healthy lifestyles, and therefore reduce the risks for chronic non-communicable diseases. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10566/255 Files in this item: 1
PuoaneChronic2008.pdf (621.8Kb) -
Igumbor, Ehimario U.; Puoane, Thandi; Gansky, Stuart A.; Plesh, Octavia (Medpharm Publications, 2011)[more][less]
Abstract: Background: Comprehensive information is needed on the epidemiology and burden of chronic pain in the population for the development of appropriate health interventions. This study aimed to determine the prevalence, severity, risk indicators and responses of chronic pain among adults in Ngangelizwe, Mthatha, South Africa. Method: A cross-sectional survey utilising structured interviews of a sample of adult residents was used. Interviews elicited information on socio-demographic characteristics, general health status, and the prevalence, duration, frequency, severity, activity limitation and impact of chronic pain. Results: More than 95% (n = 473) of the sampled adults participated in the study. Of these, 182 [38.5%, 95% confidence interval (CI): 36.3-42.5%] reported chronic pain in at least one anatomical site. The most common pain sites were the back and head. The median pain score was 5 on a scale of 0 to 10 [interquartile range (IQR) = 4-7] and the median number of sites of pain was 1 (IQR = 1-2). Female gender [odds ratio (OR) = 2.6, 95% CI: 1.7-3.9] and being older than 50 years of age (OR = 3.5, 95% CI: 2.6-4.1) were identified as risk indicators for chronic pain in the sample. Over 65% of respondents reported that they self-treated; 92.1% had consulted with a doctor or nurse, 13.6% consulted a traditional healer, and 34.5% consulted a pharmacist because of their pain. Despite this, over 50% reported that relief of their pain was transient. Conclusion: Chronic pain is a common general complaint in this community, but there is a need for focused attention on women and the elderly. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10566/432 Files in this item: 1
IgumborChronicPainMthatha2011.pdf (228.2Kb) -
Puoane, Thandi; Bradley, Hazel A. (MedPharm Publications, 2006)[more][less]
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Community health workers (CHWs) are lay people trained to assist with health care in their communities. This study took place at two sites in Khayelitsha, a township in the Cape Peninsula, from 2000 to 2002. OBJECTIVES: To describe the process of developing an intervention programme for primary prevention of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) in general and cardiovascular disease in particular, targeting CHWs. METHOD: Forty-four CHWs were assigned to either an intervention or a control group. The intervention group, living in Site C, received training on lifestyle modification with emphasis on healthy eating and physical activity, while the control group, living in Site B, did not receive any training until a year later. The process was undertaken in four stages. Stage 1 involved assessment of the CHWs' risk factors by obtaining anthropometric measurements. CHWs were interviewed and focus group discussions were held on the socio-cultural factors associated with body weight and body image, and barriers to physical activity. Stage 2 involved developing and implementing a training programme for primary prevention of NCDs among CHWs. Stage 3, conducted at Site C, involved a situational assessment of available resources in the community for promoting healthy lifestyles. The fourth and final stage involved the implementation of community interventions by the CHWs. RESULTS: A large percentage of CHWs were overweight and obese, and therefore at risk for NCDs. They had misconceptions about causes and treatment of these diseases, and also lacked knowledge on nutrition and the risk of high fat intake. Easy access to cheap unhealthy food, rather than fresh fruit and vegetables, limited their ability to make healthy food choices. The findings from stage 1 led to a community participatory intervention. CONCLUSIONS: Developing community-targeted interventions for NCDs can be achieved by involving CHWs at the initial stage and utilising a multifaceted approach. Education of community members and CHWs does not guarantee behaviour modification. Unless the environment encourages healthy living, NCDs will continue to be a burden in the poor populations of South Africa. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10566/236 Files in this item: 1
PuoaneCommunityIntervention2006.pdf (301.1Kb) -
Puoane, Thandi (MedPharm Publications, 2008)[more][less]
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of overweight and obesity, and identify factors associated with Body Mass Index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) among adults residing in an urban township in South Africa. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: Khayelitsha, a large black township located in Cape Town. SUBJECTS: 107 males and 530 females, aged ≥ 18 years. METHODS: The prevalence of overweight/obesity (BMI ³ 25 kg/m2) and abdominal obesity (WC ≥ 94 cm for men and ≥ 80 cm for women), and their relationship with factors previously found to increase the risk of obesity, such as age, gender, marital status, educational level, employment status, immigrant status from rural to urban, and physical activity level, were assessed using logistic regression analyses. RESULTS: The prevalence of obesity (BMI ³ 30 kg/m2) was 53.4% and 18.7%, and that of abdominal obesity was 71.5% and 23.4%, among women and men respectively. However, more women (21.3%) than men (11.2%) reported walking more than 45 minutes per day. Female gender and being married were associated with a high BMI and large WC. Recent migration was associated with a smaller WC. The level of physical activity was not associated with BMI or WC. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that physical activity may play less of a role in obesity control, or that more than 45 minutes of physical activity per day is required to reduce the risk of obesity, especially in women. At least among South African women, obesity control focused on nutritional interventions may be more beneficial than increasing the intensity or duration of physical activity. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10566/233 Files in this item: 1
MalhotraPuoaneSAJCN2008.pdf (303.1Kb) -
Joubert, Jane; Puoane, Thandi (South African Medical Association, 2007)[more][less]
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To estimate the burden of disease attributable to excess body weight using the body mass index (BMI), by age and sex, in South Africa in 2000. DESIGN: World Health Organization comparative risk assessment (CRA) methodology was followed. Re-analysis of the 1998 South Africa Demographic and Health Survey data provided mean BMI estimates by age and sex. Population attributable fractions were calculated and applied to revised burden of disease estimates. Monte Carlo simulation-modelling techniques were used for the uncertainty analysis. SETTING: South Africa. SUBJECTS. Adults ≥ 30 years of age. OUTCOME MEASURES. Deaths and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) from ischaemic heart disease, ischaemic stroke, hypertensive disease, osteoarthritis, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and selected cancers. RESULTS: Overall, 87% of type 2 diabetes, 68% of hypertensive disease, 61% of endometrial cancer, 45% of ischaemic stroke, 38% of ischaemic heart disease, 31% of kidney cancer, 24% of osteoarthritis, 17% of colon cancer, and 13% of postmenopausal breast cancer were attributable to a BMI ≥ 21 kg/m2. Excess body weight is estimated to have caused 36 504 deaths (95% uncertainty interval 31 018 - 38 637) or 7% (95% uncertainty interval 6.0 - 7.4%) of all deaths in 2000, and 462 338 DALYs (95% uncertainty interval 396 512 - 478 847) or 2.9% of all DALYs (95% uncertainty interval 2.4 - 3.0%). The burden in females was approximately double that in males. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows the importance of recognising excess body weight as a major risk to health, particularly among females, highlighting the need to develop, implement and evaluate comprehensive interventions to achieve lasting change in the determinants and impact of excess body weight. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10566/284 Files in this item: 1
PuoaneEstimating2007.pdf (412.1Kb) -
Stern, Ruth; Puoane, Thandi; Tsolekile, Lungiswa (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2010)[more][less]
Abstract: Introduction Noncommunicable diseases are increasing in developing countries, exacerbated by growing urbanization. We examined the experiences and perceptions about noncommunicable diseases of people who migrated from rural areas to urban Cape Town, South Africa. Methods We conducted a qualitative study in an impoverished periurban township that has a noncommunicable disease prevention program, including health clubs. We used in-depth interviews, participatory reflection and action groups, and focus group discussions. Results Participants described changes in eating patterns and levels of physical activity. These changes were a result of socioeconomic and environmental constraints. However, respondents were not concerned about these changes. Despite hardships, they were pleased with their urban lifestyle. Furthermore, they approved of their weight gain because it signified dignity and respect. Participants who attended health clubs found them informative and socially and emotionally supportive. Conclusion The study highlighted the complexity of the risk factors for noncommunicable diseases and the need to develop prevention strategies that extend beyond the traditional focus on diet and exercise. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10566/292 Files in this item: 1
PuoaneExplorationNCD2010.pdf (381.1Kb) -
Hughes, Gail; Hoyo, Catherine; Puoane, Thandi (South African Medical Association, 2006)[more][less]
Abstract: BACKGROUND: In South Africa, former apartheid laws encouraged rural males seeking employment to migrate to urban areas, moving weekly, monthly or annually between their rural families and urban workplaces. The combination of the migrant labour system and long family separations caused an explosion of serious health consequences, among others sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in the migrant population. OBJECTIVE: To describe some correlates of male migration patterns for the rural women left behind, especially the fear of STIs that this engendered in them and their risk-avoidance behaviour. Setting and subjects. In KwaZulu-Natal, 208 prenatal patients who were partners of oscillating male migrant workers were interviewed to determine their demographic and behavioural characteristics, and their fear of STIs. RESULTS: Thirty-six per cent of the rural women said that they were afraid of contracting STIs from their returning migrant partners. Women who saw their partners infrequently were more fearful of STI transmission, and were less able to have sexual communication. However, almost none of the women protected themselves, while only 8% used condoms, primarily for contraceptive purposes. CONCLUSIONS: These results reflect the gender-based power relationships of South African male migrants and their rural partners, the social and economic dependency of the women on their migrant partners, and the women's social responsibility to bear children. The results point to the need to go beyond interventions that simply seek to modify behaviour without altering the forces that promote risk taking and discourage risk reduction, and the need to develop appropriate interventions to curb STIs and decrease HIV. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10566/260 Files in this item: 1
PuoaneSTIs2006.pdf (563.5Kb) -
Puoane, Thandi; Hughes, Gail (South African Medical Association, 2005)[more][less]
Abstract: HIV/AIDS continues to ravage sub-Saharan Africa, and in South Africa accounts for 30% of all mortality, making it the leading cause of death. The epidemic has had other negative effects, which have not been fully realised. Among these is the fact that, paradoxically, the awareness programmes implemented to prevent major spread of HIV/AIDS have complicated the prevention of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10566/283 Files in this item: 1
HIV and NCDs m_samj_v95_n4_a6.pdf (219.2Kb) -
Puoane, Thandi; Sanders, David; Ashworth, Ann; Chopra, Mickey; Strasser, Susan; McCoy, David (Oxford University Press, 2004)[more][less]
Abstract: OBJECTIVE. To improve the clinical management of severely malnourished children in rural hospitals in South Africa. STUDY DESIGN. A pre- and post-intervention descriptive study in three stages: assessment of the clinical management of severely malnourished children, planning and implementing an action plan to improve quality of care, and monitoring and evaluating targeted activities. A participatory approach was used to involve district and hospital nutrition teams in all stages of the research. SETTING. Two rural Wrst-referral level hospitals (Mary Theresa and Sipetu) in Mount Frere District, Eastern Cape Province. MAIN MEASURES. A retrospective record review of all admissions for severe malnutrition to obtain patient characteristics and case fatality rates, a detailed review of randomly selected cases to illustrate general case management, structured observations in the paediatric wards to assess adequacy of resources for care of malnourished children, and in-depth interviews and focus group discussions with nursing and medical staff to identify barriers to improved quality of care. RESULTS. Before the study, case fatality rates were 50% and 28% in Mary Theresa and Sipetu hospitals, respectively. Information from case studies, observations, interviews, and focus group discussions revealed many inadequacies in knowledge, resources, and practices. The hospital nutrition team developed and implemented an action plan to improve the quality of care and developed tools for monitoring its implementation and evaluating its impact. In the 12-month period immediately after implementation, case fatality rates fell by ∼25% in both hospitals. CONCLUSION. Participatory research led to the formation of a hospital nutrition team, which identiWed shortcomings in the clinical management of severely malnourished children and took action to improve quality of care. These actions were associated with a reduction in case fatality rates. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10566/294 Files in this item: 1
PuoaneHospitalManagement2004.pdf (2.647Mb) -
Puoane, Thandi; Hughes, Gail; Bradley, Hazel A. (Kamla-Raj Enterprises, 2005)[more][less]
Abstract: Obesity and associated non-communicable diseases such as Type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and ischaemic heart disease were previously thought to be diseases of affluent countries, but they are becoming increasingly prevalent in developing nations. Accessibility to cheap unhealthy food, global trade and market development influence nutrition transition towards diets with high fat and sugar contents. A decrease in physical activity due to urbanisation and other environmental factors such as crime and violence are thought to lead to an increased risk of obesity. Positive beliefs about body weight among black African women, together with the idea of association of thinness with HIV/AIDS virus infection are believed to fuel the obesity epidemic amongst this population This paper describes some of the contributory factors which black South African women are faced with in making choices about healthy living. A multisectoral approach will be needed to fight the epidemic of obesity and associated diseases. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10566/243 Files in this item: 1
PuoaneObesity2005.pdf (29.48Kb) -
Kruger, Salome H; Puoane, Thandi; Senekal, Marjanne; Van Der Merwe, Theresa M (Nutrition Society, 2005)[more][less]
Abstract: OBJECTIVES: To review data on the prevalence, causes and health consequences of obesity in South Africa and propose interventions to prevent and treat obesity and related outcomes. METHODS: Data from existing literature were reviewed with an emphasis on changing eating and activity patterns, cultural factors, perceptions and beliefs, urbanisation and globalisation. Results of studies on the health consequences of obesity in South Africans are also reviewed. RESULTS: Shifts in dietary intakes and activity patterns to higher fat intakes and lower physical activity are contributing to a higher prevalence of obesity. Few overweight black women view themselves as overweight, and some associate thinness with HIV/AIDS. Glucose and lipid toxicity, associated with insulin resistance, play roles in the pathogenesis of the co-morbid diseases of obesity. Elevated free fatty acids in the black population predispose obese black patients to type 2 diabetes. CONCLUSION & RECOMMENDATIONS: Obesity prevention and treatment should be based on education, behaviour change, political support, intersectoral collaboration and community participation, local actions, wide inclusion of the population, adequately resourced programmes, infiltration of existing initiatives, evidence-based planning, and proper monitoring and evaluation. Interventions should have the following components: reasonable weight goals, healthful eating, physical activity and behavioural change. Genes and mutations affecting susceptibility to the development of co-morbidities of obesity and vulnerable periods of life for the development of obesity should be prioritised. Prevention should be managed in community services, identification of high-risk patients in primary healthcare services and treatment of co-morbid diseases in hospital services. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10566/285 Files in this item: 1
PuoaneObesityChallenges2005.pdf (160.4Kb) -
Puoane, Thandi; Steyn, Kristela; Bradshaw, Debbie; Laubscher, Ria; Fourie, Jean; Lambert, Vicki; Mbanangwa, Nolwazi (Nature Publishing Group, 2002)[more][less]
Abstract: To ascertain the anthropometric profile and determinants of obesity in South Africans who participated in the Demographic and Health Survey in 1998. RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES: A sample of 13,089 men and women (age, _15 years) were randomly selected and then stratified by province and urban and nonurban areas. Height, weight, mid-upper arm circumference, and waist and hip circumference were measured. Body mass index (BMI) was used as an indicator of obesity, and the waist/hip ratio (WHR) was used as an indicator of abdominal obesity. Multivariate regression identified sociodemographic predictors of BMI and waist circumference in the data. RESULTS: Mean BMI values for men and women were 22.9 kg/m2 and 27.1 kg/m2, respectively. For men, 29.2% were overweight or obese (_25 kg/m2) and 9.2% had abdominal obesity (WHR _1.0), whereas 56.6% of women were overweight or obese and 42% had abdominal obesity (WHR _0.85). Underweight (BMI _18.5 kg/m2) was found in 12.2% of men and 5.6% of women. For men, 19% of the variation of BMI and 34% of the variation in waist circumference could be explained by age, level of education, population group, and area of residence. For women, these variables explained 16% of the variation of BMI and 24% of the variation in waist circumference. Obesity increased with age, and higher levels of obesity were found in urban African women. DISCUSSION: Overnutrition is prevalent among adult South Africans, particularly women. Determinants of overnutrition include age, level of education, ethnicity, and area of residence. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10566/291 Files in this item: 1
PuoaneSurvey2002.pdf (63.15Kb) -
Igumbor, Ehimario U.; Puoane, Thandi; Gansky, Stuart A.; Plesh, Octavia (South Africa Academy of Family Physicians, 2012)[more][less]
Abstract: Background: The burden of pain in primary care has not been described for South Africa. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of pain in primary care and to characterise pain among adult patients attending a rural and a periurban clinic in the Eastern Cape (EC) Province. Method: cross-sectional descriptive survey was conducted among adult patients attending a rural and periurban clinic over four days. Consecutive patients were asked whether they were in the clinic because of pain and whether the pain was the major reason for their visit. Pain was characterised using an adaptation of the Brief Pain Inventory and the Pain Disability Index. The prevalence percentage and the 95% confidence interval (CI) of pain were estimated, and the relationship with demographic variables was determined at a significance level of P < 0.05. Results: Seven hundred and ninety-six adult patients were interviewed, representing a response rate of 97.4%. Almost three-quarters (74.6%; 95% CI: 63.2-81.4%) reported visiting the clinic because of pain. Pain was the primary reason for 393 (49.4%; 95% CI: 32.1-61.0%) visits and was secondary in 201 (25.3%; 95% CI: 12.8-33.7%) visits. The common sites of pain were the head, back and chest. The median pain score was eight on a scale of 0-10 (interquartile range: 6-8). Respondents experienced limitations in a number of activities of daily living as a result of pain. Conclusion: Pain is a central problem in public primary care settings in the EC Province and must therefore be a priority area for primary care research. Strategies are needed to develop to improve pain management at primary care level in the province. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10566/428 Files in this item: 1
IgumborPeriurbanHealthClinic2012.pdf (197.4Kb) -
Puoane, Thandi; Tsolekile, Lungiswa; Steyn, Nelia (International Society on Hypertension in Blacks, 2010)[more][less]
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess beliefs about body size (fatness and thinness) and body image in Black girls aged 10–18 years living in Cape Town. DESIGN: Exploratory using qualitative methods. SETTING: Cape Town, South Africa. METHOD: Participants were Black African girls (n5240), aged 10–18 years, who attended 5 primary and 6 high schools in Black townships in Cape Town. The schools and the girls were randomly selected. This paper presents qualitative data from 6 focus groups among 60 girls regarding their beliefs about thinness and fatness, and the advantages and disadvantages of being overweight or thin. RESULTS: Beliefs regarding body image indicate that two thirds of the girls perceived fatness as a sign of happiness and wealth. Socially, fatness was accepted but one third of the girls had contradictory views about its advantages. Among obese girls who believed that being obese was preferable, the dominant reasons were that being fat allowed one to engage in sport activities that need strength and also makes one look respectable. On the other hand fatness was viewed as associated with diseases such as diabetes and hypertension and with increased difficulty in finding appropriate clothing sizes. Three quarters of the girls associated thinness with ill health particularly HIV and AIDS and tuberculosis. An advantage of thinness was being less prone to develop chronic non-communicable diseases. CONCLUSION: The study shows that opinions and beliefs about body image start in adolescence. It is therefore important to consider these perceptions when designing interventions for preventing obesity and other chronic non-communicable diseases during early childhood URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10566/293 Files in this item: 1
PuoanePerceptionsCapeTown2010.pdf (178.9Kb) -
Matoti-Mvalo, Tandi; Puoane, Thandi (MedPharm Publications, 2011)[more][less]
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore the perception among black South African women that people who are thin are infected with HIV or have AIDS. SETTING: Khayelitsha, an urban township in Cape Town. SUBJECTS: 513 women aged 18-65 years. METHODS: This was an exploratory study employing both quantitative and qualitative research methodology. Data were collected in two phases. The first phase involved collecting quantitative data among 513 participants. During the second phase, qualitative data were collected in a purposely selected sub-sample of 20 women. For the qualitative data collection, participants were shown eight body figures, ranging from thin to obese, and asked to choose a figure representing the ideal figure, a preferred figure and a figure thought to symbolise health. They were also invited to choose a figure that they thought represented a person infected with HIV or who had AIDS. They had the option of saying that they did not associate any of the figures with people infected with HIV or who had AIDS. Weight and height measurements were also taken. After the quantitative analysis was completed, focus group discussions explored perceptions about body image and the relation to HIV among purposely selected participants. Data were summarised by content based on questions discussed. RESULTS: Sixty-nine per cent of the participants associated a thin figure with a person infected with HIV, or who had AIDS. Only 10.2% thought the thin figure symbolised health. Fifty per cent preferred a normal-weight figure, while 34.2% thought that normal weight symbolised health. Only 2% thought that people in the normal-weight category were infected with HIV or had AIDS.Thirty-four per cent preferred to be overweight and 31% thought that being overweight symbolised health. None of the participants thought the overweight figure represented people infected with HIV or who had AIDS. Only 8% preferred the obese figure. The results of the qualitative data analysis suggested that participants preferred to be overweight and at risk of acquiring cardiovascular diseases, rather than being thin and stigmatised as a person infected with HIV or who had AIDS. CONCLUSION: This study revealed that the stigma associated with HIV and AIDS may undermine strategies for prevention of chronic noncommunicable diseases among urban black South African women. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10566/271 Files in this item: 1
PuoanePerceptions2011.pdf (304.5Kb) -
Igumbor, Ehimario U.; Puoane, Thandi; Gansky, Stuart A.; Plesh, Octavia (James Cook University, 2011)[more][less]
Abstract: Background: Despite the acknowledgement that chronic pain may be a problem for adults in rural settings, there is a lack of epidemiological investigations on its occurrence in rural South Africa. Objectives: To estimate the prevalence of chronic pain among adults in a rural community in South Africa and characterize the localization, severity, risk indicators and responses of pain sufferers. Methods: Cross-sectional analytical study using face-to-face interviews. Interviews elicited information on socio-demographic characteristics, general health status and presence of pain. Among those reporting pain, the duration, frequency, severity, activity limitation and impact was determined. Univariate statistics were used to describe the prevalence of chronic pain while bivariable χ2 tests and multivariable logistic regression models were used to assess the relationship of socio-demographic characteristics and reported health status with chronic pain. Results: A total of 394 adults were interviewed representing a response rate of 92.8%. Of these, 169 (42.9%; 95% CI: 37.4%-47.1%) reported suffering from chronic pain. The common sites were the back, knee, ankles, head and shoulders. The median pain score was 6 on a scale of 0-10 (IQR= 5-8) and the median number of sites of pain was 1 (IQR= 1-2). The type of pain slightly varied with age with younger adults reporting more back pain and headaches while older people reported more joint pain. Female gender (adjusted odds-ratio AOR= 2.2, 95% CI: 1.9-2.8) and being older than 50 years (AOR= 3.1, 95% CI:2.7-3.9) were identified as risk indicators for chronic pain in the sample. Respondents reported that they self-treated (88.3%); consulted with a doctor or nurse (74.3%); traditional-healer (24.5%) and spiritual-healer (4%). Most respondents (63.4%) reported only transient relief of their pain. Conclusions: Chronic pain is an important health problem in the surveyed community. Further comparative studies on the relationship with risk factors are needed meanwhile interventions targeting females and the elderly are recommended. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10566/430 Files in this item: 1
IgumborChronicPain2011.pdf (180.6Kb)
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Johnnie Walker Gold N Blue Label N Liqueur
Ok, I have recently been given about 190 miniature bottles of whisky that I am *******, in it I have some rares and some not so rare, I have johnny walker liqueur which I can find no trace of on the Internet! I have johnnie walker gold lable, I have blue lable that are boxed in a silk dressed display box x2, 1 is evaporating though, I have a Signatory vintage Glenugie that's numberd with bottle and cask number which I am told is a very rare one due to the distillery closing, I have a fair few like this, what I'm after is people intrested or where to find them? Give me an email by all means email@example.com
Hi there, we can see if we can get some background information for you regarding your Johnnie Walker liqueur as well as your Glenugie - can you post photos of these two? Note that you are not able to sell these through the Whisky.com Forum.
Jojo Whisky.com |
Yeah I know I can't sell within the forum and yeah I'll try and upload photos over the weekend
Johnnie Walker Gold N Blue Label N Liqueur
It is highly unlikely your 2 bottle presentation of JW Blue and Gold is worth much. Probably just the retail price. Unless a miniature is EXTREMELY rare, collectors are not fond of minis that have evaporated. You have two very common miniatures in the JW Box. As for the Signatory Glenugie, if in mint condition with no evaporation, and in the original tube it was packaged in, you can expect ~US$35.00 - US$40.00. I am familiar with your Glenugie and it is considered a TRUE MINIATURE as are your JW's. A TRUE MINIATURE is a mini that FAIRLY represents the full size bottle packaging; note I said FAIRLY, as minis cannot exactly depict the full size bottle. After having collected miniatures for ~15 years, mini collectors will go to the ends-of-the-earth to acquire a much sought after mini; mini collectors possess a passion greater than that of full bottle collectors. Being from England, your best bet is to contact the MINI BOTTLE CLUB and talk with a member.
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glenugie, johnnie walker gold, rare, signatory |
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About this column: Jason Willinger performs table-to-table at the on Centre Street in Malden every Saturday night from 5 p.m. to 8 p.m.; at the in Wakefield every Wednesday from 5 p.m. to 8 p.m. ; and at The Tides Restaurant in Nahant every Friday from 5:30 p.m. to 8:30 p.m. His video column is posted every weekend on Wakefield Patch.
Video: Magician Performs the Amazing "Patriotic Ropes" Trick
Malden resident Jason Willinger has been performing magic since the age of 10 and was the youngest winner ever of the New England Close-Up Magic Competition of the Society of American Magicians.
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[ ] U2 [ ] Sheryl Crow [ ] Cracker [ ] Springsteen [ ]The Pogues
[ ] Cage the Elephant [ ] Neil Young [ ] P-Funk [ ] Heart [X]RUN-DMC [X] MeatLoaf
lol damn, i had just edited the fact i forgot to mention it was killswitch engage in there. forgot that there's more than one howard jones. and actually, they did mostly old KSE stuff (phil labonte was the runner up to howard jones in replacing jesse leach) and Reckoning off of the new album (the lyrics on that song are rather easy to remember). phil was halfway hungover, didn't particularly do much lyrics on holy diver either, and we that were there didn't give much of a damn. it's why the crowd did the my curse encore. dude flew from mass. on short notice to front another band on less than a day's notice, so he's excused big time.
WL: Paper Wings, Sweet Caroline, Push It, Bro Hymn, The Night, My Last Serenade, Somebody Told Me, Welcome to Bucketheadland, Bleeding Mascara & Six.
This is cool that there are 2-5 songs released every day, but it seems like a lot of these are indie-rock bands that I have never heard of before.
Millions of peaches peaches for ME
Millions of peaches peaches for freeeee!!
***I would pay 400MSP for Opeth songs.
That's awesome. I've actually been to the HOB in Disney cool venue
I agree that goodwill goes a long way but I think Fearless honestly did not mean to charge $3 for this song. We've seen other errors (album art, no label, etc, etc) that are the exact same thing. Just this one is the price field in Magma.
I'm trying my best to get in touch with Fearless or NoisyPuppet (who authored the track) to see what's going on but the Creators site has no messaging system that works.
Also about no song being worth $3, I meant in the big picture. Sure to me there are songs that I would probably pay $3 for because I love them BUT I would unfortunately have to pretend those songs were not available because I don't want to encourage $3 songs.
I Am King Tony - "Stereo Stereo" available on RBN!
IAmKingTony @ Facebook, YouTube, and Twitter
since the message thing on the creators site is broken i messaged fearless on youtube (only other place i could find) ill let you know of any reply i get
[] More Janes Addiction
[] More AFI
[X] More Cheap Trick
[] Bloc Party
[] Garth Brooks
[] Mad Caddies
[] Randy Newman
Any chance you could list the Genre's next to each list?
It'd really save me some time scrolling through the laggy RBN lists.
It will be funny to watch people fall one by one as songs come out for $3 they just can't say no to.
I assure you everyone on these forums will have a breaking point and once people get comfortable spending $3 every now and then this whole debate will fade away.
I will say I was one of the irritated people when Blondie got priced at $3, however, here I am.
I'm going to wait til the song hits the store, but if it is $3 I will buy it anyway.
And I just want to say that bands like Dream Theater and Jimi Hendrix are nobodies to me. Music is about taste and as I said everyone will break when a certain song lands.
Need DLC by:
[ ] more Muse
[ ] Incubus
[x] more Children of Nova
[ ] Before Their Eyes
[ ] more There For Tomorrow
Tiger Uppercut: Platinum Artist | Expert: G/B | Hard: D/V
Song Count: 831 | Newest: "Great Balls of Fire" & "Dog Days Are Over"