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The Ledge At Skydeck Chicago - Dare To Stand Out
The Ledge transforms how visitors experience Chicago. At 1,353 feet up, The Ledge's glass boxes extend out 4.3 feet from the skyscraper's Skydeck on the 103rd floor, providing never-before-seen views of the city.
The tower is a world-renowned building, a Chicago icon. The eighth-tallest building in the world, it remains the tallest building in the Western Hemisphere, standing 1,450 feet and 110 stories tall.
The Ledge brings an exhilarating new experience to the tower. Opened in 1974, the Skydeck attracts more than 1.3 million visitors annually who enjoy views of up to 50 miles and four states. Now, The Ledge dares visitors to attempt a new Chicago experience: stand on The Ledge and feel the city from 103 floors over Wacker Drive and the Chicago River.
The inspiration for The Ledge came from hundreds of forehead prints visitors left behind on Skydeck windows every week. From the memorable scene in Ferris Bueller's Day Off to curious children going right up to the window, visitors are constantly trying to catch a glimpse below. Now they have a unique and unobstructed view of the city.
An unmatched view is not all the Skydeck offers. From the moment visitors arrive they enjoy interactive and educational attractions that highlight the iconic building and celebrate Chicago's sports, architecture, pop culture, history, food, music and people.
Original Sears Tower architecture firm Skidmore, Owings and Merrill (SOM) designed The Ledge so that the fully enclosed glass boxes retract into the building, allowing easy access for cleaning and maintenance.
Experts in international structural glass design, Halcrow Yolles, fully designed and detailed all the glass and steel components. Beginning with the architect's original concept, the engineers took the design one step further by eliminating all perimeter structural steel at the sides and along the floor of the glass enclosures and creating a near-invisible support system.
MTH Industries, the Chicago-based 120-year-old glass and architectural metal contractor that installed the Cloud Gate in Millennium Park, installed The Ledge's 1,500 pound glass panels. Each box is comprised of three layers of half-inch thick glass laminated into one seamless unit. The low-iron, clear glass is fully tempered for durability.
Whether it is daring to stand out on The Ledge or learning about the Windy City, visitors get a "one stop Chicago" experience on their journey to 103.
- New museum-quality exhibits highlight the iconic tower, and celebrate Chicago's rich history and culture through captivating visuals.
- Video screens give visitors a sense of what it would be like if theystood on The Ledge, 103 floors above Chicago staples like Wrigley Field, Cloud Gate at Millennium Park or North Avenue Beach.
- New multi-media elevators give visitors one of the fastest rides in the world, while referencing points of interest that match the ascending height.
- A new theater presentation, Reaching for the Sky, tells the story of how the the building and Chicago's well-known landmarks set architectural standards after the Great Chicago Fire and beyond.
- The Ledge provides unobstructed views of miniature-looking people, taxis and bridges from glass floors 1,353 feet over Wacker Drive and the Chicago River.


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View by: Most Popular | Alphabetical A to Z | Map
Tivoli - Hadrian's Villa and Villa d'Este
Villa d'Este, in the town of Tivoli east of Rome, is a beautiful garden and palace complex that's listed on UNESCO's World Heritage List. The villa was built ... Read more
St Mark's Basilica (Basilica of San Marco)
Basilica di San Marco (St Mark's Cathedral) is magnificent. It is both a wonderful architectural flurry of Gothic, Byzantine, Romanesque and Renaissance ... Read more
Accademia Gallery
The Accademia Gallery (Galleria dell'Accademia) is dominated by one artwork in particular - Michelangelo's staggeringly beautiful statue of David. Carved ... Read more
Castello Sforzesco
The Castello Sforzesco (or Sforza Castle) is a huge, classically crenellated pile of red-brick masonry on the western edge of central Milan. The castle ... Read more
Rialto Bridge (Ponte di Rialto)
Rialto Bridge or Ponte di Rialto was the city's first bridge over the Grand Canal. Connecting the highest points on the lagoon islands settlement, the first ... Read more
St Mark's Square (Piazza San Marco)
St. Mark's Square (Piazza San Marco) is filled with centuries of history and is still the symbolic heart of Venice; it has even been referred to as the ... Read more
Uffizi Gallery
The Uffizi Gallery, or Galleria degli Uffizi, houses the world's most important collection of Florentine art, so unless you have Skip the Line tickets you'll ... Read more
Sorrento Cruise Port
Sorrento perches high on the clifftops and is best known for its shopping, its proximity to the gorgeous Amalfi Coast and also to Pompeii. Sorrento itself has ... Read more
Galleria Vittorio Emanuele II
Grab your shopping bag to go browsing in the world's most elegant covered arcade, the glass-domed Galleria Vittorio Emanuele II. Many shopping arcades have ... Read more
Mount Etna
Mount Etna, on the island of Sicily, is Europe's tallest active volcano. Not only that, it's one of the world's most active volcanoes and, as of 2013, is an ... Read more
Juliet's House (Casa di Giulietta)
The power of storytelling should never be underestimated. Every year hundreds of thousands of us trek to Verona to see the balcony where Juliet stood while ... Read more
Pisa Duomo
Pisa's marvelously striped marble cathedral is a textbook example of Pisan Romanesque architecture, dating back to 1064. Roughly cross-shaped, the duomo ... Read more

subset: commoncrawl


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"Internet Purchases Only" "Not a Retail Store Stock Item"
This item is viewable at our retail store in LEXINGTON, KY. It may be on display and is available for immediate purchase and pick-up.
click here to see all brands we sell
*Please Note!! Many of our pictures are stock photos provided to us by the manufacturer and do not necessarily represent the actual item being purchased. Please verify this picture accurately reflects the product described by the title and description on this page before you place your order.
Stainless steel with black oxide finish, rifled design is extremely effective with both sabot and Foster slugs, threaded for 12 gauge Invector-Plus back-bored barrels only.


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Please enter your travel dates.
Standard Room, 1 Single Bed
- One Single Bed
Superior Single Room, 1 Double Bed
- One Double Bed
Superior (Double)
- One King Bed
Economy Double Room, 1 King Bed
- One King Bed
4-star hotel in Salzburg near Mozart's Birthplace
Located in the heart of Salzburg, this hotel is within walking distance of Mozart's Birthplace, St. Francis Church, and Salzburg Cathedral. Also nearby are Hohensalzburg Castle and Museum Carolino-Augusteum.
Hotel Features
In addition to a restaurant, Hotel Elefant features a bar/lounge. Other amenities include complimentary wireless Internet access and dry cleaning/laundry services.
Room Amenities
LCD televisions come with satellite channels. Guestrooms also feature complimentary wireless Internet access, air conditioning, and climate control.
Hotel Amenities
- General
The hotel offers a restaurant. A bar/lounge is on site where guests can unwind with a drink. Guests can enjoy a complimentary breakfast. Public areas are equipped with complimentary high-speed wireless Internet access.
This Salzburg hotel also offers tour/ticket assistance, multilingual staff, and complimentary newspapers in the lobby.
Hotel Elefant is a smoke-free property.
- 24-hour front desk
- Total number of rooms - 31
- Number of floors - 5
- Air-conditioned public areas
- Banquet facilities
- Room service (limited hours)
- Restaurant
- Bar/lounge
- Complimentary newspapers in lobby
- Free breakfast
- Dry cleaning/laundry service
- Elevator/lift
- Tours/ticket assistance
- Laundry facilities
- Multilingual staff
- Parking nearby (surcharge)
- Parking nearby
- Safe-deposit box at front desk
- Television in lobby
- Tour assistance
- Free Wi-Fi
- Smoke-free property
- Internet
Available in all rooms: Free Wi-Fi
Available in some public areas: Free Wi-Fi
- Parking
Parking nearby, Parking nearby (surcharge)
- Room Amenities
- Hypo-allergenic bedding available
- Air conditioning
- Climate control
- Direct-dial phone
- Minibar
- Wake-up calls
- Daily housekeeping
- Extra towels/bedding
- Private bathroom
- Complimentary toiletries
- Hair dryer
- Bathtub or shower
- Sewing kit
- Slippers
- Separate bathtub and shower
- Electronic/magnetic keys
- Satellite TV service
- In-room safe
- Desk
- Window opens
- Iron/ironing board (on request)
- Rollaway/extra beds available
- Cribs/infant beds available
- Cable TV service
- Free Wi-Fi
- Individually furnished
- Dining
Guests are offered a complimentary hot/cold buffet breakfast.
Hotel Elefant has a restaurant on site.
Room service (during limited hours) is available.
- Recreation
The recreational activities listed below are available either on site or nearby; fees may apply.
- Golf - driving range nearby
- Skiing - downhill nearby
- Bicycle rentals nearby
- Hiking/biking trails nearby
Policies & Fees
- Check-in
Check-in time starts at 3 PM
Special check-in instructions:
Guests must contact the hotel after booking to receive a code for the hotel gate. Contact information can be found in the reservation confirmation received after booking via this website. Guests can also call the hotel on arrival, using the phone at the gate.
- Check-out
Check-out time is 11:30 AM
- Payment types
Accepted at this hotel: Diners Club, JCB International, MasterCard, Visa
- Pets
Pets allowed
- General
Extra-person charges may apply and vary depending on hotel policy.
Government-issued photo identification and a credit card or cash deposit are required at check-in for incidental charges.
Special requests are subject to availability upon check-in and may incur additional charges. Special requests cannot be guaranteed.
- No onsite parking is available.
- Fees
- Unless otherwise indicated, the charges below are not included in the overall room price. If not included in the overall room price, they will be charged by the property at check-in or check-out. Charges can vary, for example, based on length of stay or the room you book. This property told us they will charge you for the following:
- A tax is imposed by the city: EUR 1.5 per person, per night. This tax does not apply to children under 12 years of age.
We have included all charges provided to us by the property. However, charges can vary, for example, based on length of stay or the room you book.The following fees and deposits are charged by the property at time of service, check-in, or check-out.- Self parking fee: EUR 13 per day
- Pet fee: EUR 20 per pet, per day
- Rollaway bed fee: EUR 40 per night
The above list may not be comprehensive. Fees and deposits may not include tax and are subject to change.
- Additional Details
A resort fee is included in the total price displayed.


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the unofficial tumblr fanpage of namibian-born ruling runway supermodel and victoria secret angel, behati prinsloo.
"she's the one with freckles who laughs on accident"
run by mimirose and -eagerfeet. contact us or ask any questions through our ask box. most original photos are sourced via behati's tfs page, here and the rest should have click-through links <3
Photo reblogged from Behati's Fan (@BehatiPSpain)
Behati Prinsloo, Super Angel! VSFS 2011
Photo reblogged from Sigue al conejo blanco
Behati Prinsloo, photographed by Leon Gorman, taken October 2011
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23 photos Featured
$747 - $1155
Taylor, MI 48180
$715 - $1205
Southgate, MI 48195
31 photos Featured
$840 - $1090
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$625 - $1065
Park Place Apartments in Taylor features 1, 2, and 3 bedroom apartments and townhomes in a fantastic park-like setting. One of Park Place Apartment's gr…
$100 Reward Card Eligible
Apartment 112 units
1-3 bed 1-2.5 bath Cats allowed Dogs allowed
Check Availability
$550 - $825
Easy access to I-94 and I-75...Within 2 miles of everyday shopping...In Taylor School District...
Apartment 306 units
1-3 bed 1-1.5 bath Cats allowed Dogs allowed
$515 - $715
Pet Friendly... Remodeled Apartments & Townhomes...10 Minutes from Airport
Apartment 204 units
1-2 bed 1 bath Cats allowed
$630 - $765
Convenient Location...Washers and Dryers in Most Units...Near Major Expressways...
Apartment 101 units
2 bed 1-2 bath
Welcome home to Chelsea Park Apartments!!Choose from our 1, 2, and 3 bedroom private entry apartment homes, which include very spacious open floor plans…
Apartment 160 units
1-3 bed 1-2 bath Cats allowed Dogs allowed
$565 - $640
Convenient Location...Controlled -Entry Buildings...Spacious Apartments...
Apartment 128 units
1-2 bed 1-1.5 bath Cats allowed
Perfectly situated in the center of the Downriver, you'll enjoy the convenience of a location near the city buildings, great shopping, dining and easy a…
Apartment 256 units
1 bed 1 bath Cats allowed Dogs allowed
$585 - $695
Melvindale, MI 48122 (Downtown Melvindale, Roycroft)
Apartment 172 units
Move-in Special
Melvindale, MI 48122
$885 - $1170
Romulus, MI 48174
Pine Woods Village offers 2 and 3 bedroom apartment homes surrounded by lush, lofty pine trees. Enjoy on-site amenities including a sparkling swimming p…
Apartment 156 units
2-3 bed 2 bath Cats allowed Dogs allowed
$640 - $800
Allen Park, MI 48101
Spacious apartments in a beautiful garden setting. Close to shopping/highways.
Apartment 132 units
1-2 bed 1-2 bath Cats allowed
$620 - $859
Convenient city living in quiet neighborhood...Pet friendly...Sparkling swimming pool and tennis court for your enjoyment.
Apartment 108 units
1-2 bed 1-2 bath Cats allowed Dogs allowed
Nestled Among Rolling Hills and Mature Trees...14 Available Floor Plans...Convenient To All Expressways
Apartment 396 units
Ask about our preferred employer program to have your security deposit cut in half upon approved credit.
Apartment 240 units
$575 - $750
Riverview, MI 48193 (Huntington)
Riverview Club Apartments & Condos
Apartment 34 units
1-2 bed 1 bath
Riverview, MI 48193
$550 - $865
Awarded the Real Estate A List Award for customer service 3 years running..... Beautiful Park-Like Setting...Heat Included on Select Units....
Apartment 358 units
Studio-2 bed 1 bath Cats allowed
Taylor apartments for rent are located in the Downriver area of Metropolitan Detroit, Mich. The town was named after the national military hero and 12th President of the United States, Zachary Taylor. The city is recognized as a good place to raise a family and retire thanks to friendly neighborhoods and recreational activities that allow residents to live, work and play throughout the 24 square miles that make up the city limits. Taylor was also named as a city finalist back in 2004 for the All-America City Award.
Taylor apartments for rent give prospective residents easy access to recreation and shopping amenities located throughout the downtown area. The city's environmental jewel is Heritage Park. Residents of apartments in Taylor enjoy outdoor activities at the park playing soccer and baseball with their children. The park hosts many festivals and special events throughout the year where families and individuals can spend time mingling with other community members. New residents can head over to the Taylor Veterans Museum to learn a little more about the city culture and people who have lived in Taylor. The Veterans Museum currently houses 11 displays featuring personal collections and memorabilia from veteran residents.
Downtown Taylor is accessible to most thanks to its walkability. Public train transportation systems are available to Taylor residents and include the Norfolk & Western rail lines, the Grand Trunk rail line and the Conrail train. No matter who you are, apartments for rent in Taylor will likely work for your needs.
Taylor apartments for rent come in a variety of styles and prices. The city of Taylor offers housing and foreclosure assistance for residents of Taylor apartments and houses who are in need. The housing assistance program is sponsored by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and the Homeownership Preservation Foundation. Residents have access to several sponsored programs, including the Affordable Home Modification Program.
Taylor community members are estimated to have a 12.8 percent greater cost of living than other areas in the state of Michigan and a 7 percent higher cost of living rate than the national average, as reported by AreaVibes. Average prices for a gallon of gas, cup of coffee and pizza for Taylor residents cost an average of $3.84, $4.78 and $8.00 respectively.
Taylor apartments for rent offer families and individuals the opportunity to attend one of the most outstanding school districts in all of Michigan. Students have access to the Downriver Campus of Wayne County Community College where they can work to pursue a college degree and further develop job skills. Student have the option to attend school and work part-time thanks to the city's large retail industry. Major employers of Taylor include Masco Corporation, Macy's, K-Mart Corp, JCPenney, Meijer, Inc. and the Worthington Steel Co.
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Stayed here over Thanksgiving holiday for 4 nights. Left the room on Thanksgiving afternoon for dinner and festivities with the family, and on return to the room at 11pm, found that it was NOT cleaned. Bed not fixed, towels all over the restroom, no clean towels, trash can not emptied, floors not vacuumed, toilet not cleaned etc....Immediately called the front... More
- Also Known As:
- Courtyard By Marriott Little Rock Downtown Hotel
- Courtyard By Marriott Little Rock Downtown Hotel Little Rock
- Courtyard Little Rock Downtown
- Courtyard Little Rock
- Little Rock Courtyard
- Little Rock Marriott
- Reservation Options:
- TripAdvisor is proud to partner with Expedia, Marriott, Orbitz, Hotels.com, Cheap Tickets, Priceline, Booking.com, Travelocity, Tingo and Venere so you can book your Courtyard by Marriott Little Rock Downtown reservations with confidence. We help millions of travellers each month to find the perfect hotel for both holiday and business trips, always with the best discounts and special offers.


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We Danced, Danced at the Big Jingle
Check it out now!
Let's all hail Lorde and get That Much Closer
Watch now!
You've been good this year and we want to make it even better!
Enter now!
Hedley joins Fall Out Boy, Icona Pop, Ylvis and more at Much Presents: The Big Jingle!
Check out the updated lineup!
January 26th, 2012
Don't let anyone tell you that they don't love reality shows. I think we're all reality show junkies in some way or another… deep down! So with that being said, tonight we countdown the top 10 reality show singers. We've got everyone from our very own Discovered boys, These Kids Wear Crowns to the ever growing American Idol run-off with winners like Jordin Sparks.
Don't miss brand new episodes of Today's Top 10 every Monday to Thursday at 10 PM ET hosted by Lauren Toyota only on MuchMusic!
Tags: 50 cent, adam lambert, Carly Rae Jepsen, chris brown, hedley, Jordin Sparks, kelly clarkson, leona lewis, nicole scherzinger, One Direction, San Sebastian, these kids wear crowns, Today's Top 10
Posted on Thursday, January 26th, 2012 at 10:00 pm by Lauren and is filed under Blog, Today's Top 10.


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"Brit has done a great job weaving personal, creative, spiritual, and business interests into Breakout. She celebrates the various components that make a person whole. Success will mean something different for everyone, so you must come up with your own definition." ~Alyson B. Stanfield
ALSO AVAILABLE AS AN EBOOK FOR ONLY US$ 18.99. The ebook looks the same as the printed book. For the ebook in PDF format visit www.brithammer.com/breakout
BREAKOUT! Your Pathway to Success takes up where Brit's bestselling book, Mosaic: Finding Your Own Voice, leaves off—the business aspect of fine art.
BREAKOUT! Your Pathway to Success at its core is a book about conscious living. Illustrated throughout with beautiful mosaic-inspired art, the book guides you through the process of creating your dream life and own successful art business. It demystifies business terminology, sheds light on legal and money matters, and guides you how to: build a personal brand, harness the power of the Internet and social networking, and build streams of revenue.
The book's aim is to help you build up your self-confidence and to take back your personal power while creating the life and art business of your dreams.
Features chapters showcasing the fine art mosaic mandalas by Aida Valencia, the layered glass mosaics of Yulia Hanansen, and the spontaneous fresco paintings in cement by Brit Hammer. Also includes a foreword by Alyson B. Stanfield and LOTS of full-page images of beautiful art from around the world. This bestselling book is worthy of display on your coffee table!
"I just got the book and flipped out - you did a magnificant job and should be so proud!! I am going to send a local press release because I think every artist should have this book. Everyone who got it is raving. I know how hard you worked on this - and boy it paid off beautifully!"
"I have been making my way through "Breakout!" Thank you for writing it. It is really a wonderful book and makes so much seem possible!"
"Wow Brit, it is amazing! I have read it cover to cover and have to say that I relate to every single word you have crafted and sweated over. It was most certainly worth all your efforts and if you are not, you SHOULD be very, very proud of yourself. I do hope that everyone who reads it will find not only inspiration but also comfort in knowing that being an artist is not the easiest of lifestyle choices, but it can most certainly be one of the most fulfilling."
"Brit, your latest book is absolutely fabulous. It's not surprising it is on the Blurb best seller list. It's definitely raised the bar as far as mosaic or for that matter any other inspiring and educational book go."


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Lectures in History: Religious Identity in Early America (right-click to copy direct link)
Philadelphia's 1844 Anti-Catholic Bible Riots
Fairfax, Virginia Saturday, July 27, 2013
George Mason University professor Rosemarie Zagarri examines the history of religion and religious identity in America from the Colonial period to the Civil War. Some of the groups discussed include the Puritans in New England, the Quakers in Pennsylvania, and the Irish Catholics who settled in cities along the East Coast. George Mason University is in Fairfax, Virginia.
Updated: Monday, July 29, 2013 at 10:33am (ET)
Related Events
Panelists at Regent University's annual Ronald Reagan Symposium explore how presidents from George Washington to Barack Obama have used biblical rhetoric - and they consider how faith has influenced ideology. This was the morning session of "God & Man in the Oval Office: Religion and Presidential Rhetoric."
More Info »
This is Regent University's annual Ronald Reagan Symposium as panelists explore how presidents from George Washington to Barack Obama have used biblical rhetoric - and they consider how faith has influenced ideology. This is the afternoon session of "God & Man in the Oval Office: Religion and Presidential Rhetoric."
Brown University professor Megan Kate Nelson examines guerrilla warfare in the American Civil War. Guerrilla warfare is largely characterized by its tactics, including ambushes and surprise raids on unsuspecting troops and towns. There were bands of guerrilla soldiers fighting on both the Union and Confederate sides during the Civil War. These small bands of men on horseback were very nimble and difficult to capture, especially Confederate guerrillas who often did not wear uniforms and blended back into the population after an attack. Brown University is in Providence, Rhode Island.
George Fox University professor Kerry Irish examines the presidency of George Washington, who was inaugurated in 1789. Washington was aware his actions in office would set precedents. So, for example, despite French assistance to the Colonial Army against the British, Washington kept the U.S. neutral during the French Revolution, seeking to avoid entangling the U.S. in European affairs. Also, at the end of two terms, Washington voluntarily gave up power, and in his farewell address, he warned against loyalty to political parties over country. George Fox University is in Newberg, Oregon.
Arizona State University professor Donald Critchlow discusses the Republican revival in the 1970s. After Richard Nixon's resignation and Gerald Ford's loss to Democrat Jimmy Carter in the 1976 presidential election, the GOP brand was weakened to the point where some political observers wondered if the party would survive. But by the end of the decade – spurred on by Phyllis Schlafly and her grassroots efforts -- a new coalition made up of fiscal conservatives, traditional stay-at-home mothers and politically minded evangelical Christians revived Republican fortunes and helped elect Ronald Reagan.
Connecticut College professor David Canton examines the lives of African Americans in the 1920s. His lecture focuses on the leaders, publications and events that made up a tension-filled era for race relations in America. Professor Canton talks about African American leaders such as A. Philip Randolph, Marcus Garvey and W. E. B. Du Bois. He also looks at a string of major events, including the Great Migration, the re-birth of the Ku Klux Klan and the 1921 Tulsa, Oklahoma race riots. Connecticut College is located in New London.
George Washington University's Denver Brunsman discusses the topic of George Washington as an intellectual. When Washington was 11 years old, his father died, all but extinguishing his hopes of going to college. His lack of a university education bothered him his entire life, and peers John Adams and Thomas Jefferson – while respecting Washington's character - were at times critical of his lack of a formal education. Professor Brunsman points out that throughout Washington's life, he never lost his passion for learning nor his intellectual curiosity. He was a veracious reader on a variety of topics, teaching himself through his own research and effort. Washington also respected and remained dedicated to education, always pushing his step-children and grandchildren to peruse higher learning. This George Washington University class takes place at the National Library for the Study of George Washington at Mount Vernon.
Hillsdale College professor Bradley Birzer discusses the first recognizable political parties taking shape in early 19th century America. These parties tended to represent regional rather than national interests. Professor Birzer spoke about this divisive era, focusing on the rise of what he termed the Old Republicans.
In this program, Indiana University's James Madison examines the Ku Klux Klan in 1920s America, with a focus on Indiana. Professor Madison explains how the KKK formed in the South after the Civil War as an organization made up of Confederate veterans fighting against Reconstruction and citizenship for African Americans. In the 1920s, Professor Madison contends, the KKK had a revival and expanded its influence beyond the South, as some white Protestants were drawn to the group's disdain for Catholics, foreigners, cultural change and the consumption of alcohol. The Indiana University Alumni Association & Indiana University Lifelong Learning organized this class.
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Photograph by Thomas Schmitt/Getty Images
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Vote? :)
oh hey, that's me.
vote? i will love.
also find it interesting that my worth is now placed on my looks (not because of the pictures—but because my girlfriend cheated, and now i'm single). so life is great, so long as i look like a fox? i'm not sure i comprehend the mentality, but hey. if it floats, it floats.


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Reference for elementary, middle, and high school physical education teachers; administrators; and directors.
Cathie Summerford has plenty of real-world experience, having taught physical education at Apple Valley Middle School in Apple Valley, CA, since 1993. She also has served as an adapted physical education specialist at Victor Valley College in Victorville, CA, since 1994.
Recognized as an expert in her field, Cathie was named the 1997 California School Boards Association's Golden Bell Award Winner, an honor made sweeter by the fact that hers was the only physical education program recognized in California. Cathie also was named the 1999 Outstanding Middle School Physical Educator of the Year for California and won the 1994 Sallie Mae First Year Teacher Award for Apple Valley Unified School District. Cathie was also honored as the NASPE 2000 Southwest District Teacher of the Year.
Cathie is a popular public speaker who is frequently invited to share her "active living approach" to physical education at conferences and workshops. Widely published in the Journal of Physical Education, Recreation and Dance and other journals, Cathie is a relentless innovator who continually created opportunities for her students to achieve.
Cathie began her coursework in physical education at San Diego State University and received her bachelor's degree from California State University at Fresno in 1991. She also earned two credentials at Fresno State, including adapted physical education specialist. In January 2000 she received her master level certification as a Jensen Learning brain-compatible trainer.
The book is packed with ways that involvement, movement, energizers and games can make learning come alive. This is a gem of a book, packed with ideas and activities you can use immediately. Highly recommended!"--Eric Jensen, presidentAuthor of Brain-Based Teaching and Teaching with the Brain in Mind
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The Gazelle is a stable fairway driver. A medium power gazelle holds well in a headwind and can be overthrown for downwind shots. The Gazelle brings versatility and control to golfers of all levels. Flight Rating: |6|4|0|2|
Disc Golf World 509 E. 18th Street Kansas City, Missouri 64108 Phone: 888-237-6884 Map to Store


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Sir George is new chief whip (From Basingstoke Gazette)
When news happens, text BAZ and your photos or videos to 80360. Or contact us by email and phone.
North West Hampshire MP appointed new chief whip
8:10pm Friday 19th October 2012 in News
North West Hampshire MP Sir George Young has been appointed the new Government chief whip.
The veteran Sir George, first elected in 1974, will replace Andrew Mitchell MP, who resigned from the post this evening after the row about what he said to Downing Street policemen.
Sir George, 71, was Leader of the House of Commons until the Cabinet reshuffle last month. Sir George has previously held several Government posts and between 1995 and 1997, he was Secretary of State for Transport.
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Arthur Court Grape Ice Bucket
Arthur Court Grape Ice Bucket
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Arthur Court
creates the grape ice bucket in sand-cast aluminum and glass. The sleek body of the Arthur Court Grape Ice Bucket is crafted in richly dappled glass and encased by the grape patterned base. Buffed to a shining luster, the
Arthur Court Grape Ice Bucket
measures approximately 6 inches in height and has handles in the likeness of a grapevine. Any way you use it, it is sure to be a show-stopper! The metal is manufactured using Arthur Court's signature premium aluminum alloy and has a gorgeous polished finish. Hand washing is recommended to maintain the metal's luster.
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Arthur Court Grape Wine Bottle Caddy
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The Arthur Court Grape Wine Caddy is a wine bottle coaster to showcase a wine bottle standing tall in this elegant wine caddy with a grapevine design. The Arthur Court grape wine caddy is 6-1/2 inches across to serve as a wine bottle coaster.
Arthur Court Magnolia Champagne Bucket
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Arthur Court creates the Magnolia Champagne Bucket with the blooms of the Magnolia tree symbolic of the American south that express dignity and lend grace to any table. The Arthur Court Magnolia Champagne Bucket can be used as a champagne bucket, a wine
Copper Wine & Champagne Party Bucket
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The Copper Wine & Champagne Party Bucket by Old River Road is an old English style beverage tub that can hold several bottles of wine or champagne for a party. This copper plated scalloped wine ice bucket features gorgeous lines with lion's head handles.
Inflatable Ice Bucket
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The Inflatable Ice Bucket is an ice bucket and wine chiller constructed of vinyl - perfect for picnics, barbecue or pool. The Ice Bucket inflates in seconds and is easy to put away after the fun. The Inflatable Ice Bucket is a party-friendly wine chiller.
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RWJF Forum Series
The Power of Placebo
This forum series, co-sponsored by RWJF, brings physicians, neuroscientists and the public together to understand "the big question: why we have the placebo effect."
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February 14, 2013 | Video
As this video illustrates, Start Strong is promoting healthy relationships as the way to prevent teen dating violence and abuse before it starts.
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free overnight shipping on all orders $100 +
Glam oversized feminine acetate frame with raised metal logo on temple. Best suited for heart and oval face shapes. Available in Havana Mud, Havana Gray and Havana Plum Cherry. Comes with white hard clamshell case, bag and cleaning cloth. Made in Italy


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What daytime characters should fill out Obama's new cabinet?
Following the whole "Team of Rivals" concept, we'd appoint Viki's nemesis Dorian to be Secretary of Feather Boas. Photo: ABC
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Local Green
Don't sweat it if your own green space isn't bringing you bliss this year — Maine's abundance of public gardens let you revel in
- Photography by: Dawna Hilton
Blaine House, Augusta
Designed by the nationally known Olmsted Brothers landscape architectural firm, the grounds are divided into four sections, including the Governor's Garden and a shrub garden. Open Tuesdays through Thursdays from 2 to 4 p.m. Corner of State and Capitol St. 207-287-2121.
Blaine Memorial, Augusta
A three-acre park designed by the Olmsted Brothers in 1920, the resting place of former presidential candidate James G. Blaine has fine views to the Kennebec and many original plantings. Blaine Ave. and Green St. 207-287-2301.
Kennebec Valley Garden Club Park, Augusta
Two acres of perennials, birdhouses, trees, and a children's butterfly and hummingbird garden. Augusta Civic Center. 207-622-1124.
Viles Arboretum, Augusta
The state's official plant collection includes three hundred species of trees and shrubs, which share the landscape with a rock garden, lilacs, rhododendrons, and hostas. Open year-round from dawn to dusk. 153 Hospital St. 207-621-0031. www.vilesarboretum.org
Mount Hope Cemetery, Bangor
Established as the second garden cemetery in America in 1834, Mount Hope sits on three hundred acres of greenery dotted with ponds and monuments. 1048 State St. 207-945-6589.
College of the Atlantic, Bar Harbor
The library grounds of the progressive school include terraces designed by Beatrix Farrand. 105 Eden St. 207-288-5015. www.coa.edu/index.htm
Jordan Pond House Flower Gardens, Bar Harbor
The toil of Scott Hadley's work includes perennial beds of dahlias, delphiniums, monkshood, and more. Some people think the gardens are better than the famous popovers made inside. Park Loop Rd. 207-288-3338.
City Park, Bath
This community green of five acres features 1880s Victorian-style landscaping, a pond, and a fountain. Overlooks the Kennebec River. Summer St. 207-443-5143.
Coastal Maine Botanical Gardens, Boothbay
The largest botanical garden in New England boasts 248 acres that include display gardens, native plant collections, a library, and a visitor's center. Open daily from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. Adults $12,
Seniors (65+) $10, Children (3-17) $6, Children under 5 are free. Members are admitted free year-round. Barter's Island Rd. 207-633-4333. www.mainegardens.org
Amen Farm Garden, Brooklin
An arboretum with 150 trees uncommon to Maine. Naskeag Point Rd. 207-359-8982.
Camden Public Library Garden
The colorful perennial garden in front of the venerable Camden Public Library manages to look fresh and interesting regardless of the month or the weather. Also worth perusing is the amphitheater next door, designed by Fletcher Steele in 1929; across the street is a park laid out at about the same time by the famed Olmsted Brothers. 55 Main St. 207-236-3440. www.librarycamden.org
Merryspring Nature Center, Camden
The center's sixty-six acres include herb, rose, and perennial gardens, as well as meadows, woodlands, a ten-acre arboretum, and an educational center with one of the finest libraries of gardening books in the region. Open from dawn to dusk. 30 Conway Rd. (off Rte. 1 near Camden-Rockport line). 207-236-2239. www.merryspring.org
Lyndon Park, Caribou
A grassy half-acre in busy downtown Caribou planted with perennials. Main St. 207-493-4225.
Christina's Garden at Olson House, Cushing
The Farnsworth Museum, which maintains the famed Olson House, has re-created the small annual garden on the premises from historical research. Hathorn Point Rd. 207-354-0102.
Colonel Black Mansion, Ellsworth
The formal garden at the 1824 house museum was laid out in 1903 and restored in the 1990s based on the original plans. Also on the grounds are 185 acres threaded with community walking trails. Open daily from sunrise to sunset. 81 West Main St. 207-667-8671. woodlawnmuseum.com/site/index.php
Gilsland Farm Sanctuary, Falmouth
Headquarters of the Maine Audubon Society, Gilsland Farm sits on sixty-five acres of fields, woods, and marshes along the Presumpscot Estuary. Wildflowers and peony gardens attract flower folks. Open year-round, Mondays through Saturdays 9 a.m. to 5 p.m., Sundays 1 to 4 p.m. 20 Gilsland Farm Rd. 207-781-2330. www.maineaudubon.org
Harrington House, Freeport
Gardens with antique roses and perennials are among the draws at this circa 1830 Federal, which now houses a gift shop that benefits the local historical society. 45 Main St. 207-865-3170.
Pettengill Farm Garden, Freeport
An 1810 saltbox overlooks 140 acres of fields, woods, salt marshes, and antique apple orchards on the Harraseeket River. Its gardens feature historic wild roses, lilacs, cedars, and new plantings of old-fashioned perennials. 45 Main St. 207-865-3170.
Stone House Conference Center, Freeport
A demonstration center for organic gardening, this former estate has perennial and tulip beds and heather and rhododendron gardens overlooking the Harraseeket River and Freeport Harbor. 642 Wolfe's Neck Rd. 207-780-5961.
Tidebrook Conservation Trust, Freeport
Old orchards fill with summer wildflowers, native and ornamental flowering shrubs blossom, and formal gardens sit near the house on this forty-five-acre conservation easement. 38 Bartol Island Rd. 207-865-3856.
Ecotat Gardens, Hermon
An eighty-nine-acre land trust with gardens of more than 1,500 perennials, woodlands with more than 140 species of trees, and on-site libraries for both gardeners and birders. Open from dawn to dusk. Rte. 2. 207-848-3485.
Kennebunk Free Library's Children's Garden
Seacoast Garden Club designed this award-winning children's garden, which includes herbs, flowers, and even a touch and sniff section. Open from dawn to dusk. 112 Main St. 207-985-2173. kennebunklibrary.org
St. Anthony's Shrine and Franciscan Monastery, Kennebunk
Designed by the Olmsted Brothers in the early twentieth century, this estate, which is now home of Franciscans, is known for its rhododendrons. The grounds sprawl for twenty-five acres with walking paths, a boardwalk, and a pavilion overlooking the Kennebunk River. Beach Ave. 207-967-2011.
Cottage Garden, Lubec
Pathways, benches and even a gazebo can be found within these two acres of old-fashioned roses, delphiniums, and wildflowers, all situated not far from beautiful Cobscook Bay on property owned by two former Vermont nursery owners. Open to the public daily from dawn to dusk. North Lubec Rd. 207-733-2902.
Acadia National Park, Mount Desert Island
From the flower gardens of Jordan Pond House to the Wild Gardens of Acadia at Sieur de Monts Spring, the state's only national park has a lot to offer flower fans. And its landscape architecture — designed with help from the Olmsted Brothers and Beatrix Farrand — is not so bad either. Across Mount Desert Island. Entrance fees are $20 from June 23 to early October; $10 from May 1 to June 22 and early October to October 31. 207-288-3338. www.nps.gov/acad/index.htm
Asticou Azalea Garden, Northeast Harbor
Charles Savage designed this Japanese-inspired garden, which includes plants rescued from Farrand's Reef Point estate. Open from the middle of May to end of October, dawn to dusk daily; a $3 donation is suggested. Corner of Rte. 198 and 3. 207-276-3727.
Petite Plaisance, Northeast Harbor
At the former home of French literary great Marguerite Yourcenar, the garden is full of wild flowers, fruit trees, and walking paths. Visitation allowed by appointment. South Shore Rd. 207-276-3940.
Thuya Gardens and Thuya Lodge, Northeast Harbor
Designed by Charles Savage, Thuya incorporates specimen trees and shrubs from Farrand's Reef Point estate, along with its long beds of perennials and annuals. Open until 7:30 p.m. $3. Rte. 3. 207-276-5130. www.acadiamagic.com/ThuyaGarden.html
Fay Hyland Botanical Plantation, Orono
The ten-acre parcel along the Stillwater at the University of Maine features woody plants labeled with scientific and common names. College Ave. 207-581-2540.
Lyle Littlefield Ornamentals Trial Garden, Orono
Sixteen acres of plantings — 2,500 in all — from lilacs, rhododendrons, and magnolias to woody herbaceous plants and crabapple trees. University of Maine. 207-581-3112.
Roger Clapp Greenhouses, Orono
Ten thousand square feet of tropical and desert plants from around the world on the campus of the University of Maine. Open Mondays through Fridays, 8 a.m. to 4:30 p.m. 207-581-3112.
Mary Ann Lancey Manson Park, Pittsfield
Yet another Olmsted Brothers' creation, the forty-acre park sits on the Sebasticook River. 207-487-3136.
Deering Oaks, Portland
This fifty-one-acre park is at the heart of Portland's park system. Designed by William Goodwin in the 1870s, Deering Oaks is on the National Register of Historic Places. It's distinguished by its high canopy of oaks, pines, spruces, and ornamental trees, and it's home to a hybrid tea rose garden with more than six hundred species. It's best to visit during the day though; locals avoid the park at night. Deering and Forest Ave. 207-874-8793.
Deering Oaks Rose Circle, Portland
Thirty-eight varieties of roses provide a summerlong sensory overload in this collection of six hundred bushes. Open 6:30 a.m. to 10 p.m. Corner of Deering and Forest Ave. 207-874-8793.
Evergreen Cemetery, Portland
Laid out in 1854, this three-hundred-acre park is popular with strollers and dog walkers. It's also on the National Register of Historic Places. 672 Stevens Ave. Open 8 a.m. to 6:30 p.m. 207-874-8793.
Longfellow Arboretum, Portland
Three acres of trees not native to Maine, planted in 1976 by the Longfellow Garden Club and the City of Portland. Payson Park. Open 6:30 a.m. to 10 p.m. 207-874-8793.
Post Office Park, Portland
A postage-stamp-sized park on the site of the city's first post office features plantings of native trees and shrubs and a boulder display representing the islands of Casco Bay. Corner of Exchange and Middle St. 207-874-8793.
Farnsworth Art Museum, Rockland
Two small gardens built in the late 1990s in two styles are among the many draws at the Farnsworth: one is Victorian in style, the other features native plants and perennials. 356 Main St. 207-596-6457. www.farnsworthmuseum.org
Vesper Hill Children's Chapel, Rockport
A nondenominational chapel in a garden setting, the Children's Chapel overlooks the ocean and is extraordinarily popular for weddings. Open 9 a.m. to sundown. Chapel Road, off Calderwood Lane. 207-236-2239.
Sanford Parks
Two parks designed by noted Boston landscape architect Arthur Schurcliff in the 1930s: Gowen Memorial Park, site of an impressive stone gazebo, and Central Park, where stands a statue of local mill owner Thomas Goodall. Main St. 207-324-9130.
Coburn Park, Skowhegan
These twelve acres along the Kennebec are planted with more than two hundred species of trees, and Skowhegan citizens add flowers and shrubs to them. Open 7 a.m. to dusk. Lower Water St. 207-474-3324.
Hamilton House, South Berwick
The Colonial Revival garden at this 1785 manse overlooking the Salmon Falls River reportedly dates back to 1898, and it was renovated in the late nineties. Walking trails wander through the thirty-five-acre grounds, which are open from dawn to dusk. June 1 – Oct 15. 40 Vaughan's Lane. 207-384-5269.
Bernard McLaughlin Garden, South Paris
The McLaughlin Foundation continues to preserve the vast perennial gardens planted and maintained by the late Bernard McLaughlin. May 1 – Oct., daily 10 a.m. to 5 p.m. 97 Main St. 207-743-8820. www.mclaughlingarden.org
Spring Point Arboretum South Portland
On the campus of the Southern Maine Community College, this one-acre arboretum was planted by the city of South Portland in 1981 and features seventy species of trees, shrubs, vines, and groundcovers. Fantastic views of Casco Bay and places to picnic and walk are also on-site. 207-767-7670.
Marrett House, Standish
An extensive perennial garden complements a house museum that dates to the 1700s. June 1 – Oct. 15. Rte. 25. 207-642-3032.
Rogers Farm, Stillwater
The demonstration garden of the Penobscot County Master Gardeners' program features a white garden, a children's garden, a perennial border, annuals, herbs, vegetables, and small fruits. University of Maine, Stillwater Ave. 207-942-7396.
Perkins Arboretum, Waterville
The entire campus of Colby College is a state wildlife preserve, and the school's 128-acre arboretum is dedicated to birds as well as trees. Mayflower Hill. 207-859-4000.
Nickels-Sortwell House, Wiscasset
Next to the noted Sunken Gardens of Wiscasset, this 1807 house museum has landscaping originally designed in 1926 by Charles Eliott II. Open Fridays through Sundays, June 1 – Oct. 15. Rte. 1. 207-882-6218.
Sunken Garden, Wiscasset
This hidden perennial garden, just off Route 1 in the foundation of the former Hilton House hotel, was a gift from Alvin Sortwell to his wife and is now open to the public. Corner of Main and Federal St. 207-882-8200.
- Photography by: Dawna Hilton


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With its world-leading position as supplier of engines and power systems for industrial applications, Volvo Penta Industrial has an even stronger position in sight. And it's all about focus.
This winter Volvo Penta will introduce a powerful bi-fuel 16-litre Tier 4 Interim engine targeted for applications in the expanding United States oil and gas exploration markets and in other prime power and mobile applications.
On November 2 several important UK OEM Industrial customers attended a Volvo Penta Industrial OEM conference in Warwick, UK. The purpose of this conference was to present the company and to share future engine technologies and introduction of the Tier 4 final solutions. The theme was "Preferred Partner – Powering your Business".
This is the first unit in a large series of self-propelled heavy duty vehicles delivered from the Italian company Industrie Cometto S.p.a. This model, SYT8, is powered by a Volvo Penta TAD1364VE (375 kW at 1900 rpm) industrial engine with SCR. This impressive vehicle has a loading capacity of 425 tons and weighs 87 tons.
Rovos Rail is a company that offers luxury train "journeys of distinction" through Africa in style and comfort. The wood-panelled coaches are refurbished and remodelled to peak condition and offer all the luxury amenities of a 5 star hotel establishment.
Now when summer is approaching Volvo Penta has received the first firm order for TAD1362VE Stage 3b engines from the company Schmidt Winterdienst- und Kommunaltechnik GmbH. The Volvo Penta engines will power the TJS 560 (Towed Jet Sweeper), the conventional version of the Green TJS 560 C (shown on picture below). This is the world's first CO2 neutral snow removal machine.
Putzmeister Concrete Machines, India is a global player and growing very strong in concrete machinery segment in India. Volvo Penta India supplied the first lot of TAD620VE pilot engines order during 4th Quarter of 2010 for their stationery concrete pump model BSA 1409D and truck mounted concrete boom pump model BSF 36.
For a number of weeks every year customers and dealers are invited to Sweden for participation at The Volvo Days. An impressive demo-show at the Customer Center is one of the highlights. At Customer Center the guests also have the opportunity for test driving supported by instructors.


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Panache for Kids stocks many different brands of children's clothing collections and we want you to be happy with your purchase, so feel free to contact us for advice on sizes you may wish to buy.
* Measurements are to the nearest 5mm or ¼"
Please see our Delivery page for more information.
For each order you place with us, you will earn 5% of the value of all non-sale products in your order (i.e. excluding any delivery charges and any sale products) in 'Loyalty Points'.
For example, if you make an order worth £45 excluding delivery and any sale products, you will earn £2.25 in Loyalty Points.
You can spend your points on any clothes, footwear or accessories (whether on sale or not) available on our website where value of your Loyalty Points is sufficient to cover the cost and any delivery charge of the products being ordered.
Points are granted 28 days after your order and you will receive an email at the same time to give you details of the points earned from your last order, and your total balance available to use.
Please see our Loyalty page for full details of the Loyalty Scheme.
Be the first to hear about sales and when the latest collections are out!
© Panache Kids 2013. All rights reserved. Website Designers
Panache Kids sell only genuine designer clothes and footwear for babies and children. Order online or come visit us at our high street store in Hoddesdon, Hertfordshire.


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#RMNCHResults LIVE Tweet Chat
25 SEPTEMBER 2012 - How can we do a better job keeping our promises to women and children?
This question was debated at the #RMNCHResults LIVE Tweet Chat organized by PMNCH. The chat featured The Lancet's Editor and the iERG Chair, Richard Horton, and PMNCH Technical Officer Economics, Henrik Axelson, who helped author the PMNCH 2012 Report. The discussion covered major findings from the first iERG report and the 2012 PMNCH report.
iERG Consultation: listening to the stakeholders
The independent Expert Review Group (iERG) had an open dialogue with the stakeholders.
What: iERG open consultation with stakeholders
When: 24 May 2012, 2-6 pm
Where: World Council of Churches, Geneva
Call for Evidence: more information for better oversight
The Chair invites all the stakeholders to submit documentation for good practice and obstacles. These documents will be an important source informing and complementing the iERG's review and analysis.
About the iERG Chair - Richard Horton
Ms Joy Phumaphi of Botswana and Prof Richard Horton of the United Kingdom were selected as co-chairs of the iERG. As recommended by the Selection Panel for the iERG, and with the agreement of all iERG members, it was decided that Richard Horton would assumed the Chair responsibilities for the first two years, to be followed by Joy Phumaphi for the next two years.
All messages from the Chair:
January 22, 2013
The iERG: an innovation in accountability
As the era of the Millennium Development Goals draws to an end, it is right that countries and the global community compose a balance sheet of credit and debit. Undoubtedly, progress has been achieved in many areas. But not all spheres of global health have shown similar progress. Reductions in maternal mortality have taken place but are hampered by persistent weaknesses in struggling health systems. In recognition of the need to hold all partners accountable for their promises to make progress, the Commission on Information and Accountability for Women's and Children's Health established (in 2011) an independent Expert Review Group (iERG) to monitor progress, to review successes and obstacles to success, and to offer remedies to overcome those obstacles. The iERG published its first report in 2012.
May 26, 2012
About the World Health Assembly
So what does this year's Assembly mean for women and children? Dr Chan reaffirmed her commitment to women and Africa. And she again threw the weight of her position and WHO behind the Secretary-General's "Every Woman Every Child" initiative.
May 24, 2012
About the iERG consultation: listening to the stakeholders
It was an event all of us on the iERG have been looking forward to for months - our first open consultation with stakeholders. On Thursday, May 24, in Geneva at the World Health Assembly, we got what we hoped for.
February 15, 2012
Getting ready for the iERG Consultation and other news
Please save this date. On May 24 in Geneva, the iERG will be holding a stakeholder consultation at the World Council of Churches from 2-6 pm. We have room for 200 participants, and further details will be provided shortly about pre-registration. In the meantime, please mark your calendars. We want to see you in Geneva!
February 1, 2012
Call for Evidence
Let me introduce you to a new section on our Website: A call for submissions of documentation for good practice and obstacles for achieving accountability in women's and children's health.
We hope that all partners committed to improving the health of women and children will consider submitting evidence or ideas to us. -
November 23, 2011
First meeting of the iERG
Welcome to the first news update from the independent Expert Review Group, created earlier this year by the UN Secretary General to follow up the work of the Global Strategy for Women's and Children's Health and the Commission on Information and Accountability.


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Part one of an economic development workshop this morning between Santa Rosa County commissioners and TEAM Santa Rosa felt more like a trial, and the defense called plenty of character witnesses to testify on its behalf.
The morning session of the workshop lasted more than 3 hours as TEAM Santa Rosa Chairman Dave Hoxeng called business leaders up to the podium one by one.
John Hutchinson with Gulf Power said the county needed to determine the best organization model for economic development, set performance measures for the organization and work as a region to attract industries.
"The team model has worked very well because of the public private relationship," he said, because it allowed all players to have input. "I encourage you to set forth a score card of measures so you can look objectively to see where we need to improve."
Measurements could be the number of jobs created, new tax revenue generated, number of site visits and prospects, according to Hutchinson. He said providing that information annually would promote confidence among investors and the public.
Don Kirkman, president of Florida's Great Northwest, emphasized that recruiting new industries was only one portion of good economic development. He said the county needed a trained-work force, available building space and intimate knowledge of the community.
"You have to have all the pieces in place before a company comes knocking on the door," he said. "We have a great working relationship with TEAM and I've been impressed with the knowledge of the staff."
TEAM Executive Director Cindy Anderson is the chairwoman of Florida's Great Northwest marketing committee, which Kirkman said was a crucial part of the organization.
Commissioner Bob Cole asked Kirkman how the county and TEAM could work with other municipalities and counties toward a common goal.
"It comes down to communication and trust," Kirkman said.
For more on this story, see the Oct. 13 issue of Navarre Press or subscribe online.


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I'm getting these ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsExceptions from a legacy JSP I'm suddenly in charge of. It seems like the code is printing very long lines, and that isn't handled properly.
(It might be worth pointing out that the writing/printing is actually performed inside an invoked java class on the supplied out (javax.servlet.jsp.JspWriter), and not from the actual jsp.)
I don't quite get the "writeUnchecked()" method of ByteArrayOutputStream2, as the whole idea with the "write()" is to handle the "overflowing of the array" by increasing its size? If this was supposed to be handled by autoflushing, then I think that there is a discrepency between the size of JspWriterImpl's buffer (which is 8192 at the time), and the buf in ByteArrayOutputStream2, which is 3000.
At the time of the AIOOB, ByteArrayOutputStream2's vars:
buf's length: 3000
count: 3001 (probably obviously!)
and JspWriterImpl's has the following:
autoFlush: true
bufferSize: 8192
cb's length: 8192
nextChar: 335
Sorry for not having a testcase yet, I wanted to send this before I left work today!
(However I reckon that people with insight into this apparent optimization might spot the problem quickly?)
java.lang.ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException: 3000
at org.mortbay.util.ByteArrayOutputStream2.writeUnchecked(ByteArrayOutputStream2.java:40)
at org.mortbay.jetty.HttpGenerator$OutputWriter.write(HttpGenerator.java:1355)
at java.io.PrintWriter.write(PrintWriter.java:354)
at org.apache.jasper.runtime.JspWriterImpl.flushBuffer(JspWriterImpl.java:148)
at org.apache.jasper.runtime.JspWriterImpl.flush(JspWriterImpl.java:202)
at net.marketaudit.services.util.DocTreeUtils.printDocTree(DocTreeUtils.java:305)
at org.apache.jsp.TextQueryTestV3_005f01_jsp._jspService(org.apache.jsp.TextQueryTestV3_005f01_jsp:942)
at org.apache.jasper.runtime.HttpJspBase.service(HttpJspBase.java:111)
at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:802)
at org.apache.jasper.servlet.JspServletWrapper.service(JspServletWrapper.java:358)
at org.apache.jasper.servlet.JspServlet.serviceJspFile(JspServlet.java:440)
at org.apache.jasper.servlet.JspServlet.service(JspServlet.java:335)
at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:802)
at org.mortbay.jetty.servlet.ServletHolder.handle(ServletHolder.java:445)
at org.mortbay.jetty.servlet.ServletHandler.handle(ServletHandler.java:356)
at org.mortbay.jetty.servlet.SessionHandler.handle(SessionHandler.java:226)
at org.mortbay.jetty.handler.ContextHandler.handle(ContextHandler.java:627)
at org.mortbay.jetty.handler.ContextHandlerCollection.handle(ContextHandlerCollection.java:149)
at org.mortbay.jetty.handler.HandlerCollection.handle(HandlerCollection.java:123)
at org.mortbay.jetty.handler.HandlerWrapper.handle(HandlerWrapper.java:141)
at org.mortbay.jetty.Server.handle(Server.java:269)
at org.mortbay.jetty.HttpConnection.handleRequest(HttpConnection.java:430)
at org.mortbay.jetty.HttpConnection$RequestHandler.headerComplete(HttpConnection.java:687)
at org.mortbay.jetty.HttpParser.parseNext(HttpParser.java:492)
at org.mortbay.jetty.HttpParser.parseAvailable(HttpParser.java:199)
at org.mortbay.jetty.HttpConnection.handle(HttpConnection.java:339)
at org.mortbay.jetty.nio.HttpChannelEndPoint.run(HttpChannelEndPoint.java:270)
at org.mortbay.thread.BoundedThreadPool$PoolThread.run(BoundedThreadPool.java:475)
- crash.war
- 26/Oct/06 1:41 PM
- 3 kB
- Endre St�lsvik
- endre/test/CrashTest.java 0.8 kB
- WEB-INF/web.xml 0.6 kB
- WEB-INF/classes/.../test/CrashTest.class 1.0 kB
Issue Links
I haven't been able to produce testcase yet - a simple "dump lots of stuff w/o flushing" test passes.
However, the jsp works unmodified on Jetty 5.1.10, if this helps in any way.
Still trying to make testcase by destilling the problematic jsp..
Well, this isn't JSP specific, it seems.
I'll attach a war containing a small Servlet that at least in my environment gives this Exception reliably under specific circumstances:
Unpack fresh Jetty 6.0.1, put crash.war in webapps dir, start jetty, and hit
with a browser, or wget it.
This outputs some 50 char text 5000 times with 20 ms delay. Disconnect the client (click stop, or Ctrl+C if you're wgetting).
At some point later, the ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException comes. (at least in my world!).
The problem seems to be that the out.write will never throw an IOException as most ServletContainers do if the client side has lost interest (closed connection). Instead it will apparently fill and fill on some buffer(s), untill something probably fills up, but this isn't handled properly, and one gets an ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException instead of a good'ol IOException.
One other point is that sometimes it takes a real long time after the disconnect before this exception comes, in particular with wget (does the browser send some "I'm off" message?). Check it out a bunch of times, sometimes you'll get up to 1400 more rounds before it crashes, the text is 50 chars, which at least is 70000 bytes.
IMHO, a verified closed connection (throwing IOExceptions at you when trying to write) shall propagate all the way instantly, letting the Servlet terminate its processing instantly.
Another point is why flushing doesn't fix this? It might seem like out.flush doesn't flush "all the way through"?
I think the problem goes deeper than just dropping an IOException or something like this: It might be that only having a slow client, or one that'll not accept in a while, will trig this behaviour, but I haven't tested this properly. I believe this since the problematic JSP in question did work on Resin and Jetty5, but in nearly every instance got AIOOB on jetty6. (wgetting the same stuff didn't give the Exception as often - might be that the outputted XML is hard to digest for firefox?). I thought about races, but it seems like only one thread is handling one request?
It seems to happen to both with the SelectChannel and Socket Connectors.
Both the java and class file is in the war, but if you want to compile it yourself: in webapps dir: mkdir crash, cd crash, unzip war, run:
javac -d WEB-INF/classes/ -cp ../../lib/servlet-api-2.5-6.0.1.jar endre/test/CrashTest.java
Aha, there's a comment field when attaching.. okay..!
This war-file will demonstrate (some aspect of) the problem I'm experiencing..
I also am hitting the same issue with jetty 6.0.1, and the issue is reproducible each and every time using local clients. I'm hitting jetty with firefox on a mac, and the issue pops up every time.
The problem in the test code is that it is using a PrintWriter (which is returned from response.getWriter()) to periodically send more data to the client, but the total time exceeds the time that the browser is prepared to keep the connection open. So, the browser closes the connection, but the client code continues to write data to it after it is closed. As the data is being written with a PrintWriter, no EOF exceptions can be thrown.
Rather, the client code should use writer.checkError() after each write() to flush the output and check for errors with the write.
Modifying the code to use checkError() solves the issue:
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
PrintWriter out = (PrintWriter)resp.getWriter();
int sleeptime = 0;
boolean failure = false;
int i=0;
try {
for (; i < 5000 && !failure; i++) {
out.write(i+":Just writing something here. Kind regards, Endre");
failure = out.checkError();
if (!failure)
catch (Exception e)
if (failure)
System.err.println("Failure on iteration: "+i);
Check the web for more info on long-held http responses and the patterns for how to check for connection timeouts etc.
(Damn, I'd written a largish comment here, and it just went due to the "wiki markup help" button on the side there just crashes when you click it.)
- The initial problem with both this and
JETTY-136is about JSPs. I just tried to provoke the problem with a simpler test. A JSPWriter do throw IOExceptions on every output method, and the closing of the client should thus throw a SocketException all the way out.
- ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException is at any rate not the correct thing to raise, in any codepath of a Servlet's accessing the Servlet API. This must be acknowledged. (Jetty 5 just correctly consumes all output, up to 4999, since there is no way to notify the client unless it does a checkError() - but Jetty 6 throws an AIOOBE).
- There must be some underlying problem at hand, which isn't properly demonstrated correctly by the actual killing of the client as such.
- If you rewrite my doGet method to take the OutputStream, wrap this in a OutputStreamWriter, then you immediately get the Exception. This is however an "org.mortbay.jetty.EofException" in both jetty5 and jetty6, wrapping the correct java.net.SocketException in jetty 5, and a java.io.IOException in jetty 6 (coming from the SocketChannel). The test-case is obviously too limited to point to the problem in this case.
- But, the fact remains that the JSP in question worked, and works, in both Tomcat and Resin AND JETTY 5, but didn't, and doesn't, work in jetty 6.
- (The problem was somewhat mitigated by reducing the sizes of the lines (as it started out being one huge line). When I had it cut down to really really small lines, it actually went through most of the time. This is of course not an option.)
I believe there is some underlying problem with "resource handling", resources referring to array buffers. Apparently jetty 6 introduced some fancy "split buffers", and my hunch is that this is at fault.
Think "slow clients" instead of "clients disconnecting", or clients just choking a bit on some hard-to-decode xml. Maybe the test-case doesn't point to it correctly, but WHY does it throw a ArrayIndexOutOfBounds at any rate?!
I certainly can't use Jetty 6 as it stands (I'll use Jetty 5 for development due to its small-and-cleanness, and I guess Tomcat for prod..)
I agree that ArrayIndexOutOfBounds is not good to expose to the servlet. I'll change that. However, I'm curious that you say that the same app worked in jetty5. If the server side is slow to respond, the browser client will timeout the connection, so presumably this was happening also in jetty5. That being the case, if the servlet tried to write more content to the connection after it was closed, the browser client would never receive it. So when you say it was working in jetty5, do you mean that the browser always received all the output you were expecting to see, or do you mean that there was no exception on the server side (but that output was missing)?
I forgot to say that if you had a test jsp that demonstrated the problem, that would be a big help.
Ah, ok, re-reading your comment it seems that the test case you sent does not reproduce exactly the the problem you see with your jsp. I see. In that case, a test jsp would definitely be a big help.
John, I can't submit the JSP, as it is a part of a extremely tangled system, which queries a database and a JNI-based library of Autonomy. I hate it.
(I must admit that I've already used way too much time on trying to give a proper hunt-down of this problem... Thus I haven't got the time to clear out every call to these services and replace them with some dummies - with the risk that it actually is the random lags that occur during these queries that are part of the "race-ish" problems..!)
BUT, what I meant, is that yes: all output came, and everything was fine, on Jetty 5, Resin (that's where this thing has been running for several years, obviously without these problems occuring on every invocation), and Tomcat.
The point is that Jetty 6 just midway in the processing comes up with this overflow. It's not always the same place in the output.
The output is a somewhat big XML file around 127.48 KB to be exact ! (yes - it "renders" XML. ). Since firefox renders this visually as a "proper XML tree", and uses 100% CPU while doing it, I can only assume that it "hiccups" a little while receiving this (It is also based upon the fact that if wgetting the same URL, it on some occations "came through", while in firefox it always crashed) - this is however pure speculation.
I think that you should "hunt down" the pathway_s_ that may lead to ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException, and see if there isn't some "race-ish" situations where one piece of the code assumes that the buffer is output and cleared (or whatever), but the other piece of the code hasn't come to this point yet, since the client didn't consume the output afterall (slowish-ish) - thus when writing that one more byte, the buffer is full, instead of good too take on more data. See, what I'm getting at, is that I just can't understand a code-path that can results in a AIOOBE due to a consumer not consuming anymore: such a code-path just have to get to this point also when it has a slow client?!
(On other possibility that I can't positively rule out (since I haven't been running journal on the testing), is that there might be errors in the resulting xml that is introduced by jetty6, which isn't introduced in the other servlet containers. This would make firefox break the connection, as it displays "an error in the xml" page (this is what invariably happens), and thus one get the AIOOBE (in this scenario actually because of the client has broken the connection, not the other way around). What I mean is that what if there is "interleaving" in the buffers? Repeats, or overwrites? What i REALLY mean is: is this thing synched properly, are the buffer-management 100%, and is the byte-accounting absolutely correct, even if both the production is in fits-and-starts (due to way to much requests out to different systems), and the consumption (due to "hard to parse" results?)
Jack, I might think that you skim the comments to fast.
I say that the test-case MIGHT not reproduce the same conditions as the JSP. It does however give the exact same Exception, obviously with a slightly different trace, and I, in my idiocy, thought that this COULD lead you folks to find the underlying fault.
Apparently it doesn't. Too bad. I still have this problem exclusively with Jetty6, not any other servlet container I've tried.
I've committed a fix to svn trunk. The ArrayIndexOutOfBounds exception will no longer occur if the connection is closed while it is still being written to. Please can you confirm this fixes your issue.
Joe, one more comment: if a browser gets data, it won't close the connection. I've never had a browser that is fed data regularly close on me. If you don't give it a byte in a long while, it'll close. But not if yoy give it data regularly. No browser I know of will close on the test case unless you stop the browser yourself.
But, as I mentioned, at least firefox will close midway in the xml-case if suddenly the xml is wrong. This could be the case (I haven't thought of it this way before now, thus I can't say for sure).
Okay, I think I got it. And I'm a sorry face now..
Forget the theory of the browser closing connection due to xml-faults.
I have re-written the JSP into a Servlet. This still fails in jetty6.
After way too much time on this shit, finally exchanging the way-to-many SQL-queries with a random sleep of 0-500 ms, it still happened (see, it didn't happen if I just removed them).
Then it suddenly struck me - let's time this:
endre@endrebox:~/temp$ time wget 'http://localhost:8080/<blah blah>' --14:54:19-- http://localhost:8080/<blah blah> => `sttq?cid=1905&querytext=fradrag+i+skatt+for+forskning+og+utvikling&sessionid=ENDRE_TEST' Resolving localhost... 127.0.0.1 Connecting to localhost|127.0.0.1|:8080... connected. HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK Length: unspecified [text/xml] [ <=> ] 282,369 10.99K/s 14:54:49 (10.12 KB/s) - `<blah blah>' saved [282369] real 0m30.013s user 0m0.004s sys 0m0.004s
Exactly 30 seconds. Oh no.
(Note that the final output shall be 366,090 bytes, not ~= 300,000
I did read the comment by Jeffrey in JETTY-136 about "maxIdleTime" being 30 seconds, but I assumed that this didn't apply to me: I output data all the time, just at a slow pace - it was never idle.
So, you folks just close the channel if it "idles out"??? But why would a connection that have had 10 kB/s running through it for 30 seconds be deemed idle?
Oh my god.
So even though a Servlet actually outputs data all the time, the channel/socket is deemed "idle" if it has been in operation for more than 30 seconds, and is forcibly closed down? (It is apparently cleanly closed, as the client is happy with the file he gets..)
Then, due to your absolutely fantastic handling of closed sockets, a buffer fills up (How can that possibly become the outcome?!). And then we get a ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException?! (My point is, shouldn't just the "print" or "write" call block instaed of over-filling a buffer? I really can't seem to grasp this - why wouldn't this happen also if the client just happens to accept data very slowly?)
I would have appreciated several things different here. But most of all, the RuntimeException in question could have been some "SocketClosedDueToInactivityException" or some other intelligent stuff - given that there's actually a Servlet in progress here, happily outputting data, assuming that the Container it lives in doesn't stab it in its back by shutting down his socket w/o him knowing - and then giving an utterly bogus explaination about what happened.
EOFException, ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException, ChannelClosedException, SocketException doesn't really cut it, don't you agree??
And why, if the point about "maxIdleTIme" (I don't believe this - the name is so god-damn wrong) is to halt runaway processes or whatever, don't you shove a rock-hard RuntimeException up its face upon trying to output more to the output sink, whether it is a PrintWriter or a OutputStream????
This was very bad.
Assigning to Greg to verify operation of the idle timeout on connections.
Endre - whilst I understand you are frustrated, please try and remember that we are spending our time to help you for free. And by the way, it's JAN - not John, Jack or Joe!
Jan, yes, and it's Endre (not Erik)!
Yes, I know you're using your time - and for that I am very happy - Jetty 5 gave me a very good platform for development.
It is just that when I hit this smack-in-my-face bug, used a whole bunch of hours to try track it down, realize that it's probably the servlet container's fault, tried to comment as good as I can, trying to make a test-case and such, it is "slightly annoying" to get "this ain't a bug, go read some stuff on the web about http connection, n00b - resolving /WONTFIX/" back.
But sorry for yelling..
Re: the maxIdleTime thing: how can Jetty 6 be able to serve a 1 MB file over a modem, if a slow but live connection is deemed "idle"?
Sorry for slow frustrating service on this one.....
Was it me that said this aint a bug?
Cause it is a bug.... if you are writing content, then the connection is not idle.
I will be fixed probably over the next 36 hours while have a planes trains and automobiles experience
getting home!!!!!
Ah, relief!
(But of course, the real pain has now subsided somewhat, since I just increased the timeout to 120 seconds.)
I still however worry hard about the AIOOBE, as I can't understand why that would be the end-result at any rate: If this can happen when the connection is closed, why couldn't it also happen in the right (wrong!) circumstances, for example if the producer (servlet) is really fast, outputting a dual-layer HD-DVD directly from memory, and the consumer is a TCP/IP enabled Commodore 64 over a acoustically coupled 9600 baud modem in a very noisy room? My absolutely main point is: why doesn't out.write/print/whatever block instead of going over bounds?
PS: have a nice trip home, then! 36 hrs "on the road"? Sounds really .. refreshing?!
I am checking in a version to trunk that resets the idle timeout when content is written.
However... I don't like the inefficiency of this.... so I am thinking that I will change jetty 6 to not apply idle timeout
unless something is actually trying to read content - this is the way blocking connectors have always worked and
I don't think it is in violation of the spec.
There is little point in jetty idling out and just closing the IO connection, as the process will continue until it does
a write. The browser will do exactly the same waiting and closing!
So I will work on another version that avoids write idle processing all together.
I have reconsidered my reconsideration.....
I have found a more efficient way to handle idle timeouts (with much less calling of System.currentTimeMillis() )
Also there is a usecase for programmable timers....
so I will not change the basic action for now. But I will leave this issue open as I want to check exactly why the aioobe
was happening !
The last comment was nice to see - I really wonder about that (the AIOOBE).
However, the ilde timeout stuff, I can't really grok it. At all.
See, I could understand if this was to try to kill runaway servlets or something, but if this was the case, any access to any API-method (provided by the container) should preferrably throw some runtime exception. The default should be set to never, as it probably is in heavy violation of the API-spec - but it is definately a interesting feature (maybe it should be possible to disable it for download servlets, e.g. by setting some special jetty-attribute on the ServletRequest?).
Basically, I don't quite get the entire idea behind "idle timeouts", at least as it stands. If you've lent a connection to a servlet, then that's it (And I've realized that that's also what JETTY-80 tried to point out - this whole long winding thread here is actually about an already identified since June unfixed bug - you opened JETTY-83 yourself as a follow-up). Taking away ("releasing") the connection from the servlet doesn't really help anything - if the servlet's fubarred, then I can't seem to understand the big point of reclaiming the small resource that a connection is, compared to a whole thread potentially spinning in some loop or whatever. The only thing that could fix this, would be to kill the thread by some way or the other, and until Isolates are here, there's no way to do that reliably. But at least throwing IOException on all write methods on OutputStream, and write/print methods on JSPWriter, is allowed by spec (But let this be some sane, informative extension of IOException, with a message that clearly states what have happened), but this "idle timeout" idea is not, in my opinion: Where does the servlet spec open for random killing of a servlet's connection to the client, regardless of whether it's taking 1 ms, or 1 week, between its byte-outputs?!
What's the thing about "programmable timers"?
The idle timeout is not to catch a bad servlet but to prevent and evil client doing a simple DOS attack.
In the blocking world... all is nice because you have timeouts on read and write provided by the JVM.
if you block for too long... then bam! IOException.
The problem is that once you go into non-blocking world, there are no JVM provided timeouts that
one can use and we have to implement them ourselves.
I had implemented a timeout that applied to any read - I have now extended writes to wakeup the
idle timeout... but I think that is the wrong direction. Instead I should apply the idle timeout only
to reads between requests and blocking reads for input and blocking writes for output. This will mimic
the behaviour of the current blocking IO in servlets.
The programmable timers is that there is a use-case to send 1xx responses to keep a connection open while
a slow servlet thinks about generating the response.
Okay, thanks for the lecture - I guess I didn't realize this difference.
Yes, blocking - that's what I wonder about, in particular in regard to the AIOOBE.
So basically, what you're saying is that yes it was a bug, since writing wasn't being considered as activity at all. However, one really have to have some way to "shut down a connection" in case some client opens a whole bunch of connections, but then never either write to or reads from them (both non-actions would be DoS-ing) - you'd stay there forever w/o knowing that the guy on the other end doesn't really give nor take your bytes?
Okay, in that case, I think I follow the logic - but then I definately agree that this should only apply if the client doesn't accept any bytes (thus having the servlet block), or the other way, that the servlet tries to read, but the client doesn't feed it bytes. These are basically both an issue of blocking, not about "idle", as such? Then why not call the feature something like "maxBlockingTime" or something that points slightly more directly at the underlying problem?
In any case, it would be a good to properly notify the servlet, as it was in the olden days with blocking: you'd get an IOException if this struck. Both the OutputStream and the JSPWriter gives this option - but not the PrintWriter, except via the checkError(). I suggest making this one or more extensions of IOException that is called something like "ConnectionClosedDueToClient[Read|Write]BlockTimeExceededException" or something, including a nice Exception message, that would give immediate understanding of what happened, to the developer.
One more thing on a tangent: the magic buffers stuff you've implemented now: do I understand that correctly if the point is to let a servlet finish earlier than the client actually accepting the bytes?
Last thing: this bug should then really not happen if using the SocketConnector instead of SelectChannel Connector, if I understand correctly?
I've checked in a new idle time fix. Idle timeouts now only apply to blocking operations and it is a much cleaner solutions and should be a little faster as well.
The "magic buffers" are there for many reasons, but one reason is to allow async flushing after a sync servlet has completed.
Will look at the AIOOBE now - but I think that actually has already been fixed from some other changes.
The AIOOBE has been fixed by resetting the buffer as write is called rather than as write exits. This prevents exceptions bypassing the write.
Sounds good. Will output actually block when all the buffers are full?
However, I really think that "maxIdleTime" is a wrong name for the parameter. The servlet isn't idling - on the contrary, it is desperate to output (or input) more stash, not just hang around. The connection isn't idiling either - it is blocked.
Deprecate the parameter (make it still work), and call it "maxBlockingTime" or something.
- .. or else I'll bet a lot of developers and administrators won't get what the configuration parameter "maxIdleTime" does, thus wasting time wondering about it, or potentially misconfiguring it.
It blocks when the buffer is full/empty for output/input
The name is not optimal, but it has been named that for long time in Jetty.
The primary purpose is for the idle time between one request and the next.
It could probably be called keepAliveTime - but I think I will stick with maxIdle
for histories sake! I will work on the doco to avoid confusion.
Sorry for not letting this go! (but I can't help it..! I tend to get somewhat hung up in names of interfaces, classes, variables and .. parameters!)
The name as you describe it in historic setting makes sense, and I remember it now - I even produced this development config file for Jetty5 here that sets it to 0 since it annoyinglys, repeatedly output some stupid exception after the specified amount of time. It was called "setIdleTimeMs" at that time, right?
Have you might re-used, or over-used, this specific parameter to one more, somewhat unrelated, setting, when it comes to Channels? The time a socket should idle between requests, vs. the time a channel should block when within a request, doesn't seem overly related to me.. (And people don't read docs unless they have to. Thus the names of parameters should be RIGHT! (and the docs should preferrably be good, too!))
I'm not sure if this is the same issue:
With revision 1239 I get an AIOOBE when writing 6554 lines of 10 characters to the writer without flushing.
In tomcat 5.5 it works fine. Reproduction is on http://www.greenhills.co.uk/mak/jetty/aioobe.war.
that would be because I am an idiot as I don't reset the size of space within my inner loop....
so of course I wont flush.... except in a few lucky cases!
fix (and actually an optimization!) is about to be checked in....
but I will make a test harness first for this!
OK really fixed this time!!!!!
with a test harness and a check of code coverage and everything!!!!!!
Verified fixed in 1263, with both aioobe.war, and my actual application.
Thanks Greg!


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