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A microblogging site allowing users to share what they are doing with others. Entries are called 'tweets' and are limited to 140 characters. The site was founded by Jack Dorsey, Evan Williams andBiz Stone and was launched in 2006. The company has 141 employees and over 190 million users.
# twitter - Today's News
In #BOD and #vinb we trust: Ireland on Twitter in 2013
The Irish tweeted about everything from lapgate to Anglotapes, Seamus Heaney to the Late Late (among other things).
# twitter - Monday 9 December, 2013
The internet is outraged by false Kanye West claim that he's 'the next Mandela'
The quotes were fabricated by a satirical website.
Brian McFadden called someone a "c**t" on Twitter
They insulted his wife. That's not on.
Major tech companies ask US government to reform surveillance laws
The companies which include Facebook, Microsoft and Google are demanding the government to allow greater transparency and accountability when requesting public data.
Here's what happened when everyone on Twitter watched Elf together
Did you join the #elfalong?
# twitter - Sunday 8 December, 2013
Lisa McInerney: The Paris-Mandela hoax is a perfect sign of the times
Is it just a readiness to believe the worst, born of begrudgery, that allows us to fall for outrageous celebrity quotes?
Is Sean O'Brien a jockey at heart? It's the sporting tweets of the week
Also featuring Andy Lee, Serena Williams, Dan Martin and Mount Leinster Rangers.
# twitter - Saturday 7 December, 2013
Tweet Sweeper: Who "pooped a little" in bed this week?
All the best of the week's tweets from famous people.
# twitter - Friday 6 December, 2013
Paris Hilton is not happy about this Nelson Mandela tweet hoax
A tweet reportedly from the socialite attributing Luther King's "I Have A Dream" speech to Mandela was a hoax.
# twitter - Thursday 5 December, 2013
5 ways to tell that it's quite windy in Ireland
Shocking breezy out there.
# twitter - Wednesday 4 December, 2013
Be careful what you tweet: British social media users face fines
Facebook and Twitter users got official Government warning from today on discussing details of ongoing court cases.
Teacher creates adorable Twitter account for her class
The 4th and 5th class boys from a school in Dublin have been tweeting about their lessons. Cute.
# twitter - Monday 2 December, 2013
7 of the best reactions to Amazon's drone delivery plans
The future is here. Almost.
# twitter - Sunday 1 December, 2013
Paul Walker, star of 'Fast & Furious' films, killed in car crash
The 40-year-old died, best known for his role as Brian O'Connor in the hugely successful movie series, died in a crash in California yesterday.
# twitter - Friday 29 November, 2013
# twitter - Thursday 28 November, 2013
# twitter - Wednesday 27 November, 2013
New web service will monitor your social media for 'inappropriate' posts
Persona will make your profile look squeaky clean to potential employers.
# twitter - Tuesday 26 November, 2013
15 people who have screwed up at work worse than you
Rhodri Marsden has been collecting terrible workplace fails on Twitter. They will make you feel better.
# twitter - Sunday 24 November, 2013
10 inevitable twitter reactions to Ireland's game with New Zealand
We look into our crystal ball and predict your reactions before you even make them.
Looking good Michael, it's the sporting tweets of the week
Also featuring Shane Long, Ciarán Ó Lionáird and the most incredible fact you'll see about Cristiano Ronaldo for quite some time.
# twitter - Saturday 23 November, 2013
Column: Losing our religion – what thirtysomethings believe in now
If we haven't got God to fall back on what does this generation believe in now? Kate Bellamy takes a lighthearted look at what people follow today.
# twitter - Friday 22 November, 2013
Celebrities Reading Mean Tweets About Themselves is back again!
And it's still great.
The History Channel is livetweeting JFK's fateful trip to Dallas today
Watch the events of 50 years ago unfold in real time via Twitter.
# twitter - Tuesday 19 November, 2013
Irish Rail tweets that they're coming for the truck driver who hit a bridge
Watch your back, truck driver.
Martin O'Neill: I've spoken to James McClean about latest Twitter gaffe
But the Ireland boss says the young winger won't be dropped because of his latest online outburst.
# twitter - Monday 18 November, 2013
Gardaí to use Twitter for major emergency alerts
An Garda Síochána has become the first Irish organisation to sign up for Twitter Alerts which are sent to users during emergencies or natural disasters.
# twitter - Sunday 17 November, 2013
Weird Wide Web: Snapchat, connecting with your kids and predicting what you'd say
All of your essential tech and social media news for the week in one byte-sized portion.
Not too shabby, Lionel! It's the sporting tweets of the week
Roy Keane recruits Nidge and Ireland squad look like a police line-up.
# twitter - Friday 15 November, 2013
# twitter - Thursday 14 November, 2013
JP Morgan cancels Twitter Q&A after negative tweet blitz
Vice Chairman Jimmy Lee was due to answer questions for an hour today.
# twitter - Wednesday 13 November, 2013
Ireland v Australia has already started on Twitter
The official accounts of the Irish and Wallabies' teams have been doing a bit of good-natured sledging.
# twitter - Tuesday 12 November, 2013
Musician deadmau5 denies he's quitting Twitter because of "up the ra" incident
The artist tweeted the Latin word "ira", but soon regretted it.
# twitter - Monday 11 November, 2013
# twitter - Sunday 10 November, 2013
A brief history of Twitter… in tweets
The company floated on the stock exchange this week, an indicator of its influence on the world of social media and information.
Here's why Bitstrips are the worst things ever and must be stopped
END this fresh cartoon hell.
Easy now Peter! It's the sporting tweets of the week
Dan Carter plays the match-maker while Brendan McVeigh asks Paul Galvin for fake-tan tips.


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STEUBENVILLE - It took just 15 minutes Thursday for five city firefighters to be promoted in rank.
The photos took a little longer, as the new fire department officers stood with family members and their colleagues.
"We are a family in the fire department. Today is a very good day for our department," observed Assistant Fire Chief Mike Taylor.
Article Photos
NEW FIRE OFFICERS — Five Steubenville firefighters were promoted Thursday during ceremonies held at the Historic Fort Steuben Visitors Center. Taking part were, from left, Chief Carlo Capaldi, Assistant Chief Frank DeLeonardis, Capt. Steve Schaefer, Capt. Rob Wright and Lt. and Mechanic Porter Helsel. - Dave Gossett
Carlo Capaldi was sworn in as fire chief, succeeding Terri English, who retired from the post in February.
The 20-year veteran of the department said he was "proud and excited to become chief."
"I have a serious responsibility to the residents of our city, for all of the members of the fire department and the city administration. I am happy to be in this position and am ready to get to work," said Capaldi.
"I don't anticipate any immediate changes, but we will continue to look at ways we can be more effective and cost-efficient as we move forward. The good thing is the three assistant chiefs have been doing the chief's duties since February. So I have been able to ease into the job," Capaldi said.
Also taking the oath of office from Jefferson County Court Judge Joe Corabi were Frank DeLeonardis who was promoted to assistant chief; Rob Wright and Steve Schaefer, who both were promoted to the rank of captain; and Porter Helsel, who is now the lieutenant and mechanic.
"This is the largest group of promotions I have seen since I joined the fire department," Taylor said.
"Frank DeLeonardis and I came onto the job together. Rob Wright, Steve Schaefer and Porter Helsel worked on my crew. And I have known Carlo for a long time. I know he will do a very good job as chief," added Taylor.
"This is an exciting day for the city and the fire department as we move forward under new leadership," said City Manager Cathy Davison.
"This is a new cohesive group of individuals who have worked together. This is a good example of why it is good to promote from within a department. It was very touching to see the family members called forward to pin the new badge on the promoted officers. I can remember when I pinned a badge on my husband when he served as a firefighter in Virginia. It is a very proud moment for everyone. And I am very proud of these firefighters who serve the city of Steubenville," Davison stated.
"I can't say enough about the leadership in this city. We are seeing strong leaders across the community," remarked Corabi.

subset: commoncrawl


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Music Survey
(Redirected from User blog:Murder Scene/Music Survey)
- Favorite bands?
- Favorite singers?
- Favorite songs?
- Favorite genre?
- Do you like rap?
- A song you hate?
- A band you can't stand?
- Have you ever been to a concert?
- Do you listen to the radio?
- Do you like mainstream music?


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Clouds of Change for IT Pros: Cloud Admin's the new Sys Admin
On most days if you asked what I was doing on that exact day two years prior I wouldn't be able to tell you, but today is different.
Today is the second birthday for Hedge IT, our sweet, informative blog. So I know exactly what I was doing two years ago – I was writing and posting our first Hedge IT article, aptly titled "Welcome to Hedge IT."
Sticking with the theme of 'welcome to…' and giving a nod to our upcoming Hedge Fund Cloud Summit, today's post is a welcome to the changing world of IT – now that the business world is going to the cloud.
Paradigm shifts are commonplace in the IT world. When talking to an IT veteran about cloud, he/she will likely reflect on the move from centralized computing (mainframes/mini-computers) to decentralized computing (Windows NT/Novell) and now back to centralized computing with the cloud.
The prevalence of the cloud means IT will shift from hands-on work with hardware and installations to resource management, integration, capacity planning, and technical architecture. IT roles will evolve from "Systems Admins" and "Systems Architects" to "Cloud Admins" and "Cloud Architects." This evolution is exciting and likely scary all at once. The well-known book, "Who Moved My Cheese?," provides the following insights for coping with and preparing for change:
- Change Happens. They Keep Moving the Cheese.
- Anticipate Change. Get Ready For The Cheese To Move.
- Monitor Change. Smell the Cheese Often So You Know When It Is Getting Old.
- Adapt To Change Quickly. The Quicker You Let Go Of Old Cheese, the Sooner You Can Enjoy New Cheese.
- Change. Move with the Cheese.
- Enjoy Change! Savor The Adventure And Enjoy the Taste Of New Cheese!
- Be Ready To Change Quickly and Enjoy It Again. They Keep Moving The Cheese.
To support your expedition to enjoy the big cheese in the sky, here is a snapshot of the technical and non-technical skills that make a knowledgeable Cloud Admin or Cloud Architect.
Technical Must-Have Skills
Virtualization |
Capacity Planning |
Enterprise Storage |
Enterprise Security |
Mobility |
Application Management |
Resource Management |
Networking |
Telecommunications |
Application Integration |
Technical Project Management |
Data Center Management |
Non-Technical Must-Have Skills
Business Intelligence |
Legal Compliance |
Vendor Management |
Collaboration Architecture |
Business Acumen |
Communication Skills |
We'll explore this topic futher at our Hedge Fund Cloud Summit in NYC, and be sure to write a follow up article for those of you unable to attend.
Enjoy the tides of change!
Photo credits: Smabs Sputzer, Will Clayton
Categorized under: Cloud Computing Eze Castle Milestones Hedge Fund Operations Infrastructure Outsourcing Trends We're Seeing
Recent Posts
- The Who, What, When and Where of the Bad, Bad Cryptolocker Ransomware
- Expert Tips for Launching a Hedge Fund in a New Environment
- Answering the FCA's Dear CEO Letter on Outsourcing with Some Practical Steps
- Reflecting on What We're Thankful For This Thanksgiving
- Finding Your One-Stop Shop: The Benefits of Choosing an All-Inclusive IT Provider
- business continuity planning
- cloud computing
- communications
- data loss prevention
- disaster recovery
- eze castle milestones
- hedge fund due diligence
- hedge fund marketing
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- infrastructure
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- outsourcing
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- trends we're seeing
- videos and infographics


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[Beowulf] Rackable / SGI
Many of your questions may have already been answered in earlier discussions or in the FAQ. The search results page will indicate current discussions as well as past list serves, articles, and papers.
Bill Broadley bill at cse.ucdavis.eduSat Apr 4 13:46:06 PDT 2009
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Eugen Leitl wrote: > On Fri, Apr 03, 2009 at 01:32:13PM -0700, Greg Lindahl wrote: > >>> Will have to do with embedded memory or stacked 3d memory a la >>> http://www.cc.gatech.edu/~loh/Papers/isca2008-3Ddram.pdf >> We've been building bigger and bigger SMPs for a long time, making >> changes to improve the memory system as needed. How is multicore any > > Off-die memory bandwidth and latency are limited, so many codes > start running into memory bottlenecks even at moderate number > of cores (quad-cores seem to be a sweet spot). Limited? Seems pretty constant to me. 10 years ago 1 GB/sec per core/CPU was available on the high end (like the i7 is today). In the last 3 doubles in the threads per socket the memory per thread/core has stayed in the 1 to 3GB/sec per range. Today's I7 is just south of 3GB/sec per thread (8 threads and 22GB/sec per core) So because of the difficulty of using more than 1-3GB/sec with a single thread caused by failures in branch prediction, memory latency, and related that the market isn't willing to pay for more bandwidth since the number of applications that benefit shrinks as the bandwidth / thread ratio grows. In other markets where they have found a value in more bandwidth like GPUs consumers can buy qty 1 video cards with 1GB ram, a GPU, motherboard, and video out with a 160GB/sec memory system for $375. So for the next few doubles in the cores/threads per socket I'd expect CPUs to follow the GPUs, the low hanging fruit would seem to be GDDR5 which has double the bandwidth per pin. Fortunately GPUs are leading the way, they already have the next 3 doubles in bandwidth mapped out for us. Certainly at some point it will require CPU and ram sharing the same die so that you can have a 8 kbit wide memory bus.
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Celebrity Central / Top 25 Celebs
Credit: ABC News
Published: Wednesday October 30, 2013 15:00 PM EDT
More from PEOPLE
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In a 2011 Nightline interview, the dedicated vegetarian proved she's also a star in front of the stove, sharing the secrets of her tofu scramble recipe with Cynthia McFadden at acclaimed New York City restaurant Jean Georges. "You should make sure the tofu is really dry," Twain suggested. "I like to squeeze it between [paper towels]."


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Hello! I am a young designer and thinker embarking upon the professional field of architecture. Formerly educated in architecture, design, and anthropology, I continue to enrich my work and perspective with other areas of personal interest: agriculture, cultural anthropology, linguistics, cognitive science, and literature. My interests are broad; however, I am excited to continue to refine my design intent while learning from professional and adventurous experiences.
Demetriades + Walker, Lakeville, CT, US, Junior Designer
Demetriades + Walker is an architecture studio located in the Northwest hills of Connecticut. The work is primarily residential and spirited by an innovative approach to modernism and site integration.
During my apprenticeship at D+W, I worked closely with the two principal architects and participated in all phases of a residential project: programming, schematic design, design development, construction document production, construction administration.
DataAE, Barcelona, ES, Design Intern
DataAE is an architecture and engineering firm working primarily in the metropolitan area of Barcelona. Their work spans from dense urban housing, to civic buildings, to public parks.
While at DataAE, I worked with the architect and a team of designers to produce presentation drawing sets for competition submissions and built physical models.
Hana Farms, Hana, HI, US, Freelance Design Consultant and Builder
Hana Farms is a small business and organic farm in the jungle of East Maui. They operate as a market for local fruit growers and craftsman as well as sell their own products.
At Hana Farms, I was sole director for the design and construction of new sleeping cabins as well as a contributor to general site maintenance and reparation. I continue to work occasionally with Hana Farms remotely as a design consultant for current and future projects.
University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, US, Bachelors, Architecture, Anthropology
While obtaining a Bachelors of Science in Architecture at the University of Cincinnati's College of Design Architecture Art and Planning (DAAP), I also completed a Minor of Anthropology and participated in an intensive internship program. While at UC, I was active with Cincinnati AIA's Architecture By Children mentorship program and with a student organization for ecological design.
Danish Institute for Study Abroad (DIS), Copenhagen, DK, Scandinavian Design
At DIS, I completed a summer studio program focused on Scandinavian design. The program included lectures of Scandinavian design history, an intensive design studio, and extensive travel throughout Denmark, Sweden and Finland.


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This article needs attention from an expert in Philosophy or Business. (February 2009) |
Part of a series on |
Governance |
Models |
By level |
By field |
Measures |
Related topics |
Governance is the act of governing. It relates to decisions that define expectations, grant power, or verify performance. It consists of either a separate process or part of decision-making or leadership processes. In modern nation-states, these processes and systems are typically administered by a government.
When discussing governance in particular organisations, the quality of governance within the organisation is often compared to a standard of good governance.
In the case of a business or of a non-profit organization, governance relates to consistent management, cohesive policies, guidance, processes and decision-rights for a given area of responsibility. For example, managing at a corporate level might involve evolving policies on privacy, on internal investment, and on the use of data.
To distinguish the term governance from government: "governance" is what a "governing body" does. It might be a geo-political entity (nation-state), a corporate entity (business entity), a socio-political entity (chiefdom, tribe, family, etc.), or any number of different kinds of governing bodies, but governance is the way rules are set and implemented.
Origin of the word[edit]
The word governance derives from the Greek verb κυβερνάω [kubernáo] which means to steer and was used for the first time in a metaphorical sense by Plato. It then passed on to Latin and then on to many languages.[1]
Processes and governance[edit]
As a process, governance may operate in an organization of any size: from a single human being to all of humanity; and it may function for any purpose, good or evil, for profit or not. A reasonable or rational purpose of governance might aim to assure (sometimes on behalf of others) that an organization produces a worthwhile pattern of good results while avoiding an undesirable pattern of bad circumstances.
Perhaps the moral and natural purpose of governance consists of assuring, on behalf of those governed, a worthy pattern of good while avoiding an undesirable pattern of bad. The ideal purpose, obviously, would assure a perfect pattern of good with no bad. A government comprises a set of inter-related positions that govern and that use or exercise power, particularly coercive power.
A good government, following this line of thought, could consist of a set of inter-related positions exercising coercive power that assures, on behalf of those governed, a worthwhile pattern of good results while avoiding an undesirable pattern of bad circumstances, by making decisions that define expectations, grant power, and verify performance.
Politics provides a means by which the governance process operates. For example, people may choose expectations by way of political activity; they may grant power through political action, and they may judge performance through political behavior.
Conceiving of governance in this way, one can apply the concept to states, to corporations, to non-profits, to NGOs, to partnerships and other associations, to project teams, and to any number of humans engaged in some purposeful activity.
Different definitions[edit]
The World Bank defines governance as:
the manner in which power is exercised in the management of a country's economic and social resources for development.[2]
The Worldwide Governance Indicators project of the World Bank defines governance as:
The traditions and institutions by which authority in a country is exercised.[3]
This considers the process by which governments are selected, monitored and replaced; the capacity of the government to effectively formulate and implement sound policies and the respect of citizens and the state of the institutions that govern economic and social interactions among them.
An alternate definition sees governance as:
the use of institutions, structures of authority and even collaboration to allocate resources and coordinate or control activity in society or the economy.[4]
According to the United Nations Development Programme's Regional Project on Local Governance for Latin America:
Governance has been defined as the rules of the political system to solve conflicts between actors and adopt decision (legality). It has also been used to describe the "proper functioning of institutions and their acceptance by the public" (legitimacy). And it has been used to invoke the efficacy of government and the achievement of consensus by democratic means (participation).[5]
According to the Governance Analytical Framework (GAF),[6][7] governance can be defined in broader terms. It refers to the "processes of interactions and decision-making among the actors involved in a collective problem, that lead to the creation, reinforcement or reproduction of social norms and institutions". Governance processes are found in any society, and they can be analyzed from a non-normative perspective, the GAF. The proposed method is based on five analytical tools: problems, actors, social norms, processes and nodal points. The GAF was developed in the context of the research programme NCCR North-South,[8] and on the basis of a critique of existing approaches to governance.
The state and politics[edit]
It is useful to note the distinction between the concepts of governance and politics. Politics involves processes by which a group of people (perhaps with divergent opinions or interests) reach collective decisions generally regarded as binding on the group, and enforced as common policy. Governance, on the other hand, conveys the administrative and process-oriented elements of governing rather than its antagonistic ones. Such an argument continues to assume the possibility of the traditional separation between "politics" and "administration". Contemporary governance practice and theory sometimes questions this distinction, premising that both "governance" and "politics" involve aspects of power.
In general terms, governance occurs in three broad ways:
- Through networks involving public-private partnerships (PPP) or with the collaboration of community organisations;
- Through the use of market mechanisms whereby market principles of competition serve to allocate resources while operating under government regulation;
- Through top-down methods that primarily involve governments and the state bureaucracy.
These modes of governance often appear in terms of hierarchy, markets, and networks - but also in democracies. For instance, the tripartite governance of the United States consists of three branches of power (the Executive, the Legislature and the Supreme Court).
Corporate organizations[edit]
Corporate organizations often use the word governance to describe both:
- The manner in which boards or their like direct a corporation
- The laws and customs (rules) applying to that direction
Fair governance[edit]
A fair governance implies that mechanisms function in a way that allows the executives (the "agents") to respect the rights and interests of the stakeholders (the "principals"), in a spirit of democracy.
Types of governance[edit]
Global governance[edit]
Global governance is defined[by whom?] as "the complex of formal and informal institutions, mechanisms, relationships, and processes between and among states, markets, citizens and organizations, both inter- and non-governmental, through which collective interests on the global plane are articulated, right and obligations are established, and differences are mediated". In contrast to the traditional meaning of "governance", some authors like James Rosenau have used the term "global governance" to denote the regulation of interdependent relations in the absence of an overarching political authority.[9] The best example of this is the international system or relationships between independent states. The term, however, can apply wherever a group of free equals needs to form a regular relationship.
Regulatory governance[edit]
Regulatory governance reflects the emergence of decentered and mutually adaptive policy regimes which rests on regulation rather than service provision or taxing and spending.[10] The term captures the tendency of policy regimes to deal with complexity with delegated system of rules. It is likely to appear in arenas and nations which are more complex, more global, more contested and more liberally democratic.[11] The term builds upon and extends the terms of the regulatory state on the one hand and governance on the other. While the term regulatory state marginalize non-state actors (NGOs and Business) in the domestic and global level, the term governance marginalize regulation as a constitutive instrument of governance. The term regulatory governance therefore allow us to understand governance beyond the state and governance via regulation.
Corporate governance[edit]
Corporate governance consists of the set of processes, customs, policies, laws and institutions affecting the way people direct, administer or control a corporation. Corporate governance also includes the relationships among the many players involved (the stakeholders) and the corporate goals. The principal players include the shareholders, management, and the board of directors. Other stakeholders include employees, suppliers, customers, banks and other lenders, regulators, the environment and the community at large.
The first documented use of the word "corporate governance" is by Richard Eells (1960, pg. 108) to denote "the structure and functioning of the corporate polity". The "corporate government" concept itself is older and was already used in finance textbooks at the beginning of the 20th century (Becht, Bolton, Röell 2004). These origins support a multiple constituency (stakeholder) definition of corporate governance.
Project governance[edit]
The term governance as used in industry (especially in the information technology (IT) sector) describes the processes that need to exist for a successful project.
Information technology governance[edit]
IT governance primarily deals with connections between business focus and IT management. The goal of clear governance is to assure the investment in IT generate business value and mitigate the risks that are associated with IT projects.[12]
Participatory governance[edit]
See Kafue River article, section Participatory governance
Participatory governance focuses on deepening democratic engagement through the participation of citizens in the processes of governance with the state. The idea is that citizens should play a more direct roles in public decision-making or at least engage more deeply with political issues. Government officials should also be responsive to this kind of engagement. In practice, participatory governance can supplement the roles of citizens as voters or as watchdogs through more direct forms of involvement.[13]
Non-profit governance[edit]
Non-profit governance focuses primarily on the fiduciary responsibility that a board of trustees (sometimes called directors—the terms are interchangeable) has with respect to the exercise of authority over the explicit public trust that is understood to exist between the mission of an organization and those whom the organization serves.[14]
Orders of governance[edit]
With the process of governing now involving a variety of private as well as public actors, governance is becoming an increasingly complex issue.[15] More traditional theories of conceptualizing and understanding governance (such as the Westminster system) are now considered unsuitable, as they are too "government-oriented"[16] and are unable to examine the more complex, modern nature of interactions between governing actors.[17] This is where the 'Orders of Governance' conceptualisation comes in. It breaks down governance into three different orders, first, second and meta, which "correlate to the different levels at which governance is used"[18] and allow for a more detailed analysis of the governing process.
First-order governance is the level at which problems are identified and solutions enacted. This is done through interaction between the governing organisation and its citizens[19] which helps identify what the problem is, who is experiencing it and what an appropriate solution may be. There can be differing opinions in an organisation as to what constitutes a problem and there is, to some extent, a degree of subjectivity in coming up with an "ordered problem definition".[20] The interaction with those being governed helps in this respect as it legitimises the definition. Once a problem is identified, a solution usually comes in the form of laws and/or regulations passed by the governing body.
Second-order governance is the level at which the "institutional arrangements" are provided "within which first order governing takes place".[19] Institutional arrangements can take many forms in both the public (a regulatory agency) and private (the financial market) sectors. What is important is that a framework is provided that enables first-order governance to take place. Again, there is a distinct "two-way role" at this level with both "those being governed and those governing"[21] having input into the process to provide an effective and legitimate institutional setting. This approach enables a more comprehensive analysis of governing interactions, as actors can often "be influenced by institutions (and the way) these help or hinder them" in the pursuit of their goals.[22]
"Metagovernance" is widely defined as the "governing of governing".[23] It represents the established ethical principles, or 'norms', that shape and steer the entire governing process. It is important to note that there are no clearly defined settings within which metagoverning takes place, or particular persons who are responsible for it. While some[who?] believe metagoverning to be the role of the state which is assumed to want to steer actors in a particular direction, it can "potentially be exercised by any resourceful actor"[24] who wishes to influence the governing process. Examples of this include the publishing of codes of conduct at the highest level of international government,[25] and media focus on specific issues [18] at the socio-cultural level. Despite their different sources, both seek to establish values in such a way that they become accepted 'norms'. The fact that 'norms' can be established at any level and can then be used to shape the governance process as whole, means metagovernance is part of the both the input and the output of the governing system.[26]
Measuring governance[edit]
Over the last decade,[when?] several efforts have been conducted in the research and international development community in order to assess and measure the quality of governance of countries all around the world.
Measuring governance is inherently a controversial and political exercise. A distinction is therefore made between external assessments, peer assessments and self-assessments. Examples of external assessments are donor assessments or comparative indices produced by international non-governmental organisations. An example of a peer assessment is the African Peer Review Mechanism. Examples of self-assessments are country-led assessments that can be led by government, civil society, researchers and/or other stakeholders at the national level.
One of these efforts to create an internationally comparable measure of governance and an example of an external assessment is the Worldwide Governance Indicators project, developed by members of the World Bank and the World Bank Institute. The project reports aggregate and individual indicators for more than 200 countries for six dimensions of governance: voice and accountability, political stability and lack of violence, government effectiveness, regulatory quality, rule of law, control of corruption. To complement the macro-level cross-country Worldwide Governance Indicators, the World Bank Institute developed the World Bank Governance Surveys, which are country-level governance assessment tools that operate at the micro or sub-national level and use information gathered from a country's own citizens, business people and public sector workers to diagnose governance vulnerabilities and suggest concrete approaches for fighting corruption.
A new World Governance Index (WGI)[27] has been developed and is open for improvement through public participation. The following domains, in the form of indicators and composite indexes, were selected to achieve the development of the WGI: Peace and Security, Rule of Law, Human Rights and Participation, Sustainable Development, and Human Development.
Additionally, in 2009 the Bertelsmann Foundation published the Sustainable Governance Indicators (SGI), which systematically measure the need for reform and the capacity for reform within the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries. The project examines to what extent governments can identify, formulate and implement effective reforms that render a society well-equipped to meet future challenges, and ensure their future viability.[28]
Examples of country-led assessments include the Indonesian Democracy Index, monitoring of the Millennium Development Goal 9 on Human Rights and Democratic Governance in Mongolia and the Gross National Happiness Index in Bhutan.
Seat of government[edit]
- See: capital city for details and list of national capitals for each country's seat of government.
The seat of government is defined by Brewer's Politics as "the building, complex of buildings or city from which a government exercises its authority".[29] The seat of government is usually located in the capital. In some countries the seat of government differs from the capital, e.g. in the Netherlands where The Hague is the seat of government and Amsterdam is the de jure capital of the Netherlands. In most, it is the same city, for example Moscow as the capital and seat of government of Russia. In the United Kingdom, the seat of government is London, the capital, or more specifically the City of Westminster.
See also[edit]
- Agency cost
- Anarchism
- Collaborative governance
- Corporate governance
- International healthcare accreditation
- Internet governance
- Global governance
- Governmentality
- Open-source governance
- Participatory democracy
- Policy Governance
- Principal–agent problem
- Public choice theory
- Public management and New public management
- Regulatory Governance
- Rule According to Higher Law
- Seat of local government
- Social innovation
- Statism
- ^ see document on etymology prepared by the European Commission at http://ec.europa.eu/governance/docs/doc5_fr.pdf
- ^ World Bank, Managing Development - The Governance Dimension, 1991, Washington D.C., p. 1
- ^ A Decade of Measuring the Quality of Governance.
- ^ Bell, Stephen, 2002. Economic Governance and Institutional Dynamics, Oxford University Press, Melbourne, Australia.
- ^ This is a very widely cited definition, as in Applebaugh, J. (rapporteur), "Governance Working Group", power-point presentation, National Defense University and ISAF, 2010, slide 22.
- ^ http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2019005
- ^ http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2019013&rec=1&srcabs=2019005&alg=1&pos=1
- ^ http://www.north-south.unibe.ch/
- ^ James N. Rosenau, "Toward an Ontology for Global Governance", in Martin Hewson and Thomas Sinclair, eds., Approaches to Global Governance Theory, SUNY Press, Albany, 1999.
- ^ David Levi-Faur, "Regulation & Regulatory Governance", in David Levi-Faur, Handbook on the Politics of Regulation, Edward Elgar, Cheltenham, 2011, pp. 1-20.
- ^ Braithwaite, John, Cary Coglianese, and David Levi‐Faur. "Can regulation and governance make a difference?." Regulation & Governance 1.1 (2007): 1-7.
- ^ Smallwood, Deb (March 2009). "IT Governance: A Simple Model". Tech Decision CIO Insights.
- ^ 'Triumph, Deficit or Contestation? Deepening the 'Deepening Democracy' Debate' Institute of Development Studies (IDS) Working Paper 264 July 2006.
- ^ BoardSource's The Handbook of NonProfit Governance, Jossey-Bass, 2010, p.15.
- ^ Kooiman, J. Social Political Governance: Introduction. In J. Kooiman eds, Modern Governance: New Government-Society Interactions. SAGE Publications 1993.pp1-9 (p6).
- ^ Kooiman, J. Social Political Governance: Introduction. In J. Kooiman eds, Modern Governance: New Government-Society Interactions. SAGE Publications 1993.pp1-9 (p5).
- ^ Stoker, G. Governance as Theory: Five Propositions. International Social Science Journal. Volume 50 1998, pp17-28 (p19).
- ^ a b Evans, J. Environmental Governance. Routledge 2012. p40.
- ^ a b Kooiman, J & Jentoft, S. Meta-governance: Values, Norms and Principles, and the Making of Hard Choices.Public Administration. Volume 87 2009, pp 818-836 (p 822).
- ^ Kooiman, J. Governing as Governance. Sage publications 2003. p 137.
- ^ Kooiman, J. Governing as Governance. Sage publications 2003. p 158.
- ^ Kooiman, J. Societal Governance: Levels, Modes, and Orders of Social-Political Interaction. In Pierre, J eds.Debating Governance. Oxford University Press 2000, pp 138-163 (p 157).
- ^ Kooiman, J. Governing as Governance. Sage publications 2003. p170.
- ^ Sorensen, E. Metagovernance: The Changing Role of Politicians in Processes of Democratic Governance. American Review of Public Administration. Volume 36 2006, pp 98-114 (p 103).
- ^ Onyango, P & Jentoft, S. Assessing Poverty in small-scale fisheries in Lake Victoria, Tanzania.Fish and Fisheries. Volume 11 2010, pp 250-263 (p258).
- ^ Kooiman, J. Governing as Governance. Sage publications 2003. p 171.
- ^ "World Governance Index 2009 Report". World Governance. Retrieved 3 February 2013.
- ^ Empter, Stefan; Janning, Josef (2009). "Sustainable Governance Indicators 2009 - An Introduction". In Stiftung, Bertelsmann. Policy Performance and Executive Capacity in the OECD. Gütersloh: Verlag Bertelsmann Stiftung.
- ^ Comfort, N. (1993) Brewer's Politics. A phrase and fable dictionary. London: Cassell.
- Becht, Marco, Patrick Bolton, Ailsa Röell, "Corporate Governance and Control" (October 2002; updated August 2004). ECGI - Finance Working Paper No. 02/2002.
- Asie Dwise (2011), Corporate Governance: An Informative Glimpse, International Journal of Governance. 1(2) :206-214
- Eells, R.S.F. (1960), The Meaning of Modern Business: An Introduction to the Philosophy of Large Corporate Enterprise (Columbia University Press, NY).
- Senn, Marcell. Sovereignty – Some critical Remarks on the Genealogy of Governance In: Journal on European History of Law, London: STS Science Centre, Vol. 1, No. 2, pp. 9–13, (ISSN 2042-6402).
- Türke, Ralf-Eckhard: Governance - Systemic Foundation and Framework (Contributions to Management Science, Physica of Springer, September 2008).
External links[edit]
Look up governance in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. |


text:
Friend might raise autism issue freely
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Dear Margo: I am in my late 20s and have a brother with severe autism. Having grown up with him, I recognize the signs and symptoms in other people or their kids.
That being said, I have a friend who has a son who is almost 2 years old. He acts exactly the way my brother did as a child. He barely speaks, has minimal vocabulary, won't maintain eye contact, etc. The boy's parents have expressed concern about his language skills but haven't suggested autism.
Is there any way I could open up a conversation with them about the possibility of their son having autism? I'm not a doctor, but having seen it firsthand daily for more than 20 years, I can tell there is likely something wrong with this little boy.
I'd like to bring it up with them so that they can begin to get him the therapy and help he will desperately need.
— Want To Help
Dear Want: Because your friend has expressed concern about the little boy's development — or lack thereof — the door has been opened for discussion.
The easiest way to broach the subject is to advise this mother to take up the matter with the child's pediatrician. I think it would be proper, in addition, to level with her about what you think the trouble might be.
Autism, like AIDS before it, is no longer the unmentionable and, to some people, shameful disease it once was. In fact, it is seemingly everywhere.
The hopeful news is that there have been great strides in helping children who are afflicted.
Dear Margo is compiled for Creators Syndicate by Margo Howard.