text:
- The Stamp Act
- The Declaratory Act
- The Townshend Revenue Act
- The Intolerable Acts
- Edmund Burke
- King George III
- John Dickinson
- Benjamin Franklin
- Thomas Jefferson
- Patrick Henry
- Thomas Paine
By the late 1500s, after centuries of petty fighting among the many noble families of Europe, four nations had emerged that were stable and wealthy enough to turn their attention to overseas exploration. These nations were Spain, Portugal, France, and England (also known as Britain or Great Britain). They all looked to the vast and unknown wilderness of the North American continent as an exciting opportunity for exploration. For the most part, their motive was profit.
The English (also called British) focused their early efforts on the...
(The entire section is 1535 words.)
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The Stamp Act
Issued by British Parliament
Passed on March 22, 1765; excerpted from Documents of American History, 1958
"There shall be raised, levied, collected, and paid unto his Majesty, his heirs, and successors, throughout the colonies and plantations in America, which now are, or hereafter may be, under the dominion of his Majesty, his heirs and successors, … for every pack of … cards, the sum of one shilling."
From the Stamp Act
In 1764, Great Britain's twenty-seven-year-old king, George III (1738–1820), had ruled for only four years. (George became king in 1760 when his father, George II [1683–1760], died). George III was said to be not very bright—he was eleven years old before he learned to read. As often happened when a new king or queen ascended the British throne, George faced power struggles among the important men who surrounded him. The struggles would decide who had influence over the king and would therefore gain power themselves. In his early days on the throne, George III was more interested in establishing his power and settling on advisers than in dealing with any restlessness in the American colonies. Unfortunately, he did not always appoint the most capable people to advise him.
The king's first man in charge of money matters...
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The Declaratory Act
Issued by British Parliament
Passed on March 18, 1766; excerpted from Documents of American History, 1958
"The King's majesty … had, hath, and of right ought to have, full power to make laws and statutes of sufficient force and validity to bind the colonies and people of America, subjects of the crown of Great Britain, in all cases whatsoever."
From the Declaratory Act
In March 1765, the British Parliament passed the Stamp Act to raise money in America to help pay for British soldiers stationed there. The Stamp Act, scheduled to go into effect on November 1, 1765, taxed printed matter such as newspapers, legal documents, and even dice and playing cards. Much to Parliament's surprise, Americans protested the tax in the strongest terms, in many cases resorting to violence against British officials in America. They also refused to buy British goods.
It became clear that more British soldiers would have to be sent to America to enforce an act that did not promise to raise much money anyway. British merchants suffered from Americans' refusal to buy their goods. Trade between England and America came to a standstill, and merchants protested to Parliament.
Benjamin Franklin (1706–1790), sixty years old in 1765 and...
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The Townshend Revenue Act
Issued by British Parliament
Passed on June 29, 1767; excerpted from
Documents of American History, 1958
"There shall be raised, levied, collected, and paid, unto his Majesty, his heirs, and successors, for upon and the respective Goods herein after mentioned, which shall be imported from Great Britain into any colony or plantation in America…. "
From the Townshend Revenue Act
The Stamp Act of 1765 was passed by Parliament to help pay for British soldiers on duty in America. It raised money by taxing printed matter such as newspapers, legal documents, and even the sale of dice and playing cards. After the colonies expressed their outrage, Parliament repealed the tax. But England still needed money from the colonies to help pay for the soldiers. Charles Townshend (1725–1767), an adviser for King George III (1738–1820), informed the king and Parliament that he had figured out a way to tax the colonies without their objecting. Not only would his proposals raise money, Townshend said, they would also demonstrate Parliament's power over the colonies. Parliament passed the Townshend Acts on June 29,1767. They included the Townshend Revenue Act, which is excerpted later; an act setting up a new board of customs commissioners (customs are taxes on imported and exported...
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The Intolerable Acts
Issued by British Parliament
Passed on March 31, 1774, and June 2, 1774;
excerpted from Documents of American History,
1958, and American Journey (CD-ROM), 1995
"… dangerous commotions and insurrections have been fomented and raised in the town of Boston, in the province of Massachuset's Bay, in New England, by divers ill-affected persons, to the subversion of his Majesty's government, and to the utter destruction of the public peace, and good order of the said town…."
From the Boston Port Act, one of the Intolerable Acts
The Tea Act of 1773, which was soon followed by the Intolerable Acts, was passed because Parliament was trying to save the British-owned East India Company from going out of business. The company was ailing because Americans were refusing to import British tea (instead, it was being smuggled in from Holland). Parliament decided to impose small, secret taxes on East India tea (the taxes would be paid in London before the tea reached the colonies). Parliament thought that even with the secret tax, the tea would still be so cheap Americans would prefer to buy it rather than the more expensive tea they were smuggling in from elsewhere.
But Americans saw through this trick. They still objected to paying...
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Edmund Burke
"On Conciliation"
First published on March 22, 1775;
excerpted from The Spirit of Seventy-Six, 1995
"An Englishman is the unfittest person on earth to argue another Englishman into slavery…. "
Edmund Burke, from "On Conciliation"
Although King George III (1738–1820) seemed to have surrounded himself with advisers who went along with his vengeful feelings toward the colonies, one member of Parliament stood apart as a champion of colonial rights. He was Edmund Burke (1729–1797), born in Dublin, Ireland. From 1765 to 1782, Burke was private secretary to Charles Watson-Wentworth, the marquis of Rockingham (1730–1782), author of the Declaratory Act of 1766. The Declaratory Act affirmed the right of Parliament to make laws (including tax laws) that would bind the colonists "in all cases whatsoever."
Burke was elected to Parliament in 1766, so he observed firsthand all the talk about the troubles with the American colonies. In early 1775, he gave a famous speech on the topic in Parliament. Afterwards called "On Conciliation," the speech described Burke's views on what ought to be the relationship between England and America. At the time, the Revolutionary War had not yet broken out, but tensions were high. British troops were stationed...
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King George III
Proclamation of Rebellion
First published August 23, 1775; excerpted from Documents of American History, 1958
"All our Officers, civil and military, are obliged to exert their utmost endeavours to suppress [the colonies'] rebellion, and to bring the traitors to justice, [and] all our subjects … are bound by law … to disclose and make known all traitorous conspiracies and attempts against us, our crown and dignity…. "
King George III, from the Proclamation of Rebellion
In February 1775, King George III (1738–1820) and Parliament declared Massachusetts to be in a state of rebellion. Two months later the first shots of the Revolutionary War rang out in Lexington, Massachusetts. The Americans created the Continental Army, and preparations for war moved forward.
News of continued American resistance infuriated King George. Never before had any British king had to endure disobedience on this scale from his subjects, who were mere commoners. In August 1775, King George issued a Proclamation of Rebellion, which declared all the colonies to be in a state of rebellion. This was the same thing as an official declaration of war against America.
King George opened his proclamation by summarizing relations between Great...
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John Dickinson
Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania to the Inhabitants of the British Colonies
First published in 1767–68; excerpted from reprint edition, 1903
"Benevolence towards mankind excites wishes for their welfare, and such wishes endear the means of fulfilling them. Those can be found in liberty alone, and therefore her sacred cause ought to be espoused by every man, on every occasion, to the utmost of his power…. "
John Dickinson, from Letters from a Farmer …
Mob violence had greeted Parliament's attempts to raise money in the colonies. Apart from the violence, though, many stirring words were written and spoken in response to Parliament's actions. Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania to the Inhabitants of the British Colonies, written by John Dickinson (1732–1808), were among the most eloquent early objections to British policies. Dickinson was a lawyer and a retired farmer. He studied law in both Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and London, England. Because of his legal training, he was one of the first to understand that measures like the Townshend Acts posed a danger to colonial liberty. He believed that it was wrong and illegal to impose taxes on people without their consent, given personally or through their representatives.
The Townshend...
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Benjamin Franklin: Edict of the King of Prussia
"An Edict by the King of Prussia"
First published September 5, 1773; excerpted from Benjamin Franklin's Writings, 1987 "
And whereas the Art and Mystery of making Hats hath arrived at great Perfection in Prussia, and the making of Hats by our remote Subjects ought to be as much as possible restrained."
Benjamin Franklin, from "An Edict by the King of Prussia"
The years leading up to the start of the Revolutionary War were full of tension and disagreement. But there were some humorous moments, too, thanks in large part to American politician Benjamin Franklin (1706–1790). Along with British citizens, Franklin contributed letters to London newspapers, expressing his views about the demands being made on the colonies. The following excerpt from Franklin's "An Edict by the King of Prussia" appeared in a London newspaper in 1773.
An edict is a formal announcement issued by an authority. In this case, the authority is the king of Prussia, Frederick II (1712–1786), also known as Frederick the Great. Prussia was a state in north central Germany (Prussia was dissolved in 1947 and divided among East and West Germany; Poland; and the former Soviet Union, now fifteen independent republics, the largest of which is Russia).
The "Edict...
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Thomas Jefferson
A Summary View of the Rights of British America
First published in 1774; excerpted from The Portable Thomas Jefferson, 1975
"Single acts of tyranny may be ascribed to the accidental opinion of a day; but a series of oppressions begun at a distinguished period, and pursued unalterably through every change of ministers, too plainly prove a deliberate and systematical plan of reducing us to slavery."
Thomas Jefferson, from A Summary View of the Rights of British America
In 1774, Benjamin Franklin (1706–1790) was busy in London, England, trying to get his friends in Parliament to see that trouble was brewing in America over British taxes. Opposition to measures such as the Stamp Act, the Declaratory Act, and the Intolerable Acts was reaching crisis proportions. The Stamp Act of 1765 taxed printed matter such as newspapers, legal documents, and even dice and playing cards. The Declaratory Act affirmed the right of Parliament to make laws that would bind the colonists "in all cases whatsoever." The Intolerable Acts closed the Port of Boston, gave the British-appointed governor of Massachusetts complete control of town meetings, ordered that British officials who committed major crimes in the colonies would be tried in Great Britain, and required that the colonists house British...
(The entire section is 2869 words.)
Patrick Henry
"Give me liberty, or give me death!"
Speech given March 23, 1775; excerpted from Patrick Henry, 1966
"Is life so dear, or peace so sweet, as to be purchased at the price of chains and slavery? Forbid it, Almighty God! I know not what course others may take, but as for me, give me liberty, or give me death!"
Patrick Henry
On December 16, 1773, a group of patriots from Boston, Massachusetts, disguised as Indians, dumped 342 chests of tea into Boston Harbor to show their disgust over British taxes. The act became known as the Boston Tea Party. In early 1774, Great Britain passed the Intolerable Acts to punish Boston and Massachusetts for the Tea Party. One of the Intolerable Acts closed the port of Boston. To show their sympathy for the citizens of Boston, who were suffering from having the port closed, members of the Virginia House of Burgesses (the colony's lawmaking body) declared a day of mourning. In response, the British-appointed governor of Virginia, John Murray (1732–1809), known as Lord Dunmore, dissolved the House of Burgesses. The House of Burgesses was still dissolved in early 1775, but its members continued to meet in secret.
Six months earlier, on September 5, 1774, delegates from twelve of the thirteen colonies met at the First...
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Thomas Paine: Common Sense
Common Sense
First published January 9, 1776; excerpted from The Spirit of Seventy-Six, 1995
"Everything that is right or reasonable pleads for separation. The blood of the slain, the weeping voice of nature cries, ' 'Tis time to part.'"
Thomas Paine
Thomas Paine (1737–1809) first arrived in the American colonies from England in November 1774. This was the same year the Intolerable Acts were passed by Parliament to punish Boston and all of Massachusetts for dumping British tea into Boston Harbor (the Boston Tea Party, December 1773). The Intolerable Acts closed the Port of Boston, gave the British-appointed governor of Massachusetts complete control of town meetings, ordered that British officials who committed major crimes in the colonies would be tried in Great Britain, and required that the colonists house British soldiers in dwellings belonging to private citizens. Boston was suffering from the closure of its port, and the colonies were in an uproar. Colonists wondered who would be next to feel the wrath of Parliament. To show their support and sympathy for Massachusetts, in September 1774, twelve of the thirteen colonies had sent delegates to the First Continental Congress to discuss what to do about deteriorating relations with Great Britain.
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Great Congressional Documents
- The Continental Association
- Wartime Proclamations
- The Declaration of Independence
- Articles of Confederation
Beginning in 1765, the British government, which was heavily in debt, had tried to tax the American colonies to help pay the bills. The taxes met with increasing resistance until finally, in December 1773, Bostonians dumped 342 chests of British tea into Boston Harbor. This episode became known as the Boston Tea Party. In 1774, the British government passed the Intolerable Acts to punish Boston for the tea party. The Intolerable Acts closed the Port of Boston, gave the British-appointed governor of Massachusetts complete control of town meetings, ordered that British officials who committed major crimes in the colonies would be tried in Great Britain, and required that the colonists house British soldiers in dwellings belonging to private citizens.
Before the passage of the Intolerable Acts, the colonies had gone their separate ways and there had been little sense of unity among them. But as they watched Boston suffer from the closing of its port, the other colonies wondered if they might be the next to suffer from the British...
(The entire section is 1027 words.)
The Continental Association
Adopted by the First Continental Congress
Enacted October 20, 1774; excerpted from Documents of American History
"To obtain redress of [our] grievances, which threaten destruction to the lives, liberty, and property of his majesty's subjects, in North-America, we are of the opinion, that a nonimportation, nonconsumption, and nonexportation agreement, faithfully adhered to, will prove the most speedy, effectual, and peaceable measure…. "
From the Continental Association
Ever since 1765, the British had been trying to tax the colonies to pay British bills, and discontent gradually spread throughout America. Matters came to a head in December 1773 when Bostonians dumped 342 chests of British tea into Boston Harbor. To punish them, the British Parliament passed the Intolerable Acts in 1774. The Intolerable Acts closed the Port of Boston, gave the British-appointed governor of Massachusetts complete control of town meetings, ordered that British officials who committed major crimes in the colonies would be tried in Great Britain, and required that the colonists house British soldiers in dwellings belonging to private citizens.
The colonies had been established by British merchants as trade ventures and at first the colonies could not have survived...
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Wartime Proclamations
Declaration of the Causes and Necessity of Taking Up Arms
The Olive Branch Petition
Adopted by the Second Continental Congress July 1775; excerpted from Documents of American History
"We are reduced to the alternative of chusing an unconditional submission to the tyranny of irritated ministers, or resistance by force.—The latter is our choice."
From the Declaration of the Causes and Necessity of Taking Up Arms
In London, when King George III (1738–1820) heard of the goings-on in the colonies, he wrote to Lord Frederick North (1732–1792), his prime minister: "The New England governments are in a state of rebellion, blows [war] must decide whether they are to be subject to this country or independent."
George's declaration that "blows must decide" the issue of the colonies' relationship with England ensured that a Second Continental Congress would meet. Since the king would not listen to the colonists' grievances, members of Congress assembled for the second time on May 10, 1775. Massachusetts politician John Hancock (1737–1793) was elected president of the Congress.
The first shots of the American Revolution had been fired at the Battle of Lexington and Concord less than a month...
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The Declaration of Independence
Adopted by the Second Continental Congress
Enacted July 3, 1776; excerpted from the National Archives and Records Administration
"We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the Pursuit of Happiness."
From the Declaration of Independence
By the spring of 1776, the Second Continental Congress was still debating over the next step to take in light of the decision of King George III (1738–1820) that "blows [war] must decide" the disagreement with the colonies. Independence from Great Britain was still considered an extreme step by many delegates. Congressmen wondered how they would explain the disagreement to the public, who were still loyal to King George, if not to Parliament. But finally, on June 7, 1776, Virginia statesman Richard Henry Lee (1732–1794) urged Congress to declare independence, presenting a motion that had been adopted by his home state. The motion said:
Resolved, that these United Colonies are, and of right ought to be, free and independent States, that they are absolved from all allegiance to the British Crown, and that all political connection between them and the state of...
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Articles of Confederation
Issued by the Second Continental Congress
Agreed to November 15, 1777; ratified and in effect March 1, 1781
Excerpted from American Memory (CD-ROM)
"The said States hereby severally enter into a firm league of friendship with each other, for their common defense, the security of their liberties, and their mutual and general welfare, binding themselves to assist each other, against all force offered to, or attacks made upon them, or any of them, on account of religion, sovereignty, trade, or any other pretense whatever."
From the Articles of Confederation
Before the United States declared its independence in July 1776, each colony ran its own affairs. The closest thing the colonies had to a national government was the British Parliament. After their bad experiences with Parliament, which led to the outbreak of revolution, the colonies were not inclined to trust a strong national government; they preferred to keep power for themselves. But after declaring independence from England and its laws, Congress knew itself to be just a group of men without clearly defined authority or a constitution that would make Congress a legal body. This was going to make it very difficult to run a war.
Clearly, some kind of...
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Scandal and Betrayal
- Thomas Hutchinson
- Benjamin Franklin: Letter to Thomas Cushing
- Resolves of the House of Representatives, Respecting the Letters of the Governor, Lieutenant Governor, and Others
- Benjamin Franklin: Public Statement on Hutchinson Letters
- Americans' Reactions to Benedict Arnold's Treason
Beginning in 1765, Great Britain tried to collect taxes in America to pay its own bills. Americans grew increasingly angry. They claimed that Parliament, Great Britain's lawmaking body, had no right to tax people who had no representation in Parliament. Men who were supposed to collect the taxes were abused by the colonists and had their property damaged or destroyed. A major center for this kind of activity was Boston, Massachusetts, where mobs rioted in the streets and total disorder resulted. Finally, fearful that they were losing their hold over America, the British sent armed soldiers to keep the peace in Boston. Bostonians resented the presence of the soldiers, and in 1770, the tension led to the event known as the Boston Massacre, in which five Americans were killed by British soldiers. The tension continued to...
(The entire section is 488 words.)
Thomas Hutchinson
Letters of Thomas Hutchinson
Published in 1768–69; excerpted from The Life of Thomas Hutchinson, Royal Governor of the Province of Massachusetts Bay
"I never think of the measures necessary for the peace and good order of the colonies without pain…. there must be a great restraint of natural liberty."
Thomas Hutchinson
At the time he wrote the two letters that follow, Thomas Hutchinson (1711–1780) held two important government offices at the same time: lieutenant governor of Massachusetts (in August 1769, he would become governor) and chief justice of the Massachusetts superior court. He was a scholarly, intelligent, law-abiding person, the man in charge of making sure that British laws were obeyed in Massachusetts. The tax laws had so angered Americans that when British-appointed agents and British soldiers tried to collect taxes, they were threatened and attacked by mobs. As far as Hutchinson was concerned, the taxes might be unpopular, but they were the law, and it was his job to uphold the law. Hutchinson was dismayed by the violent mobs who were protesting British taxes. He remarked: "The people seem to me in a state of absolute dementation [madness]."
Hutchinson's letters were written to a Mr. Thomas Whately, private secretary to...
(The entire section is 3771 words.)
Benjamin Franklin: Letter to Thomas Cushing
Letter to Massachusetts Speaker of the Assembly Thomas Cushing
Written on December 2, 1772; excerpted from The Papers of Benjamin Franklin
"As to the Writers …when I find them bartering away the Liberties of their native Country …calling for Troops …; when I see them exciting Jealousies in the Crown, and provoking it to Wrath against a great Part of its faithful Subjects; …I cannot but doubt their Sincerity even in the political Principles they profess….
Benjamin Franklin
While Governor Thomas Hutchinson (1711–1780) was trying, without success, to keep the peace in Boston, Massachusetts, American statesman Benjamin Franklin (1706–1790) was serving in London, England, as a colonial agent for Massachusetts. Agents were men appointed by lawmaking bodies in the colonies to live in London, circulate among important people, and report back on what was happening in Parliament. The agents made sure Parliament knew what the colonies' needs and wishes were as Parliament prepared to make laws that affected the colonies.
Since the 1760s, Franklin had spent most of his time in London, watching as relations between England and America soured. He loved both countries and he could not understand why Parliament seemed so determined to upset and anger the colonies. One day...
(The entire section is 1890 words.)
Resolves of the House of Representatives …
Adopted by the Massachusetts Assembly
Enacted June 16, 1773; excerpted from The Life of Thomas Hutchinson, Royal Governor of the Province of Massachusetts Bay
"…The writer of these letters, signed Thomas Hutchinson, has been thus exerting himself, by his 'secret confidential correspondence,' to introduce measures, destructive of our constitutional liberty, he has been practising every method among the people of this province, to fix in their minds an exalted opinion of his warmest affection for them…. "
From Resolves of the House of Representatives …
In the spring of 1773, the so-called Hutchinson letters (discussed earlier) were read at a meeting of the Massachusetts Assembly (also known as the House of Representatives). The letters had been written between 1767 and 1769 by Governor Thomas Hutchinson (1711–1780), Lieutenant Governor Andrew Oliver (1706–1774), and others, to friends in England. The letters commented on colonial reactions to British taxation policies.
When they heard the letters, the Massachusetts representatives were just as outraged as the public had been. Especially outrageous was Hutchinson's statement that "there must be a great restraint of natural liberty!" How dare Hutchinson urge British authorities to take away...
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Benjamin Franklin: Public Statement on Hutchinson Letters
Public Statement on the Hutchinson Letters
December 25, 1773; excerpted from Benjamin Franklin's Writings
"Finding that two Gentlemen have been unfortunately engaged in a Duel, about a transaction and its circumstances of which both of them are totally ignorant and innocent, I think it incumbent on me to declare …that I alone am the person who obtained and transmitted to Boston the letters in question."
Benjamin Franklin
While Benjamin Franklin (1706–1790) waited for King George III's (1738–1820) Privy Council to discuss the Massachusetts petition to remove Governor Thomas Hutchinson (1711–1780) and Lieutenant Governor Andrew Oliver (1706–1774) from office (discussed in previous entry), a duel took place in England. Remember that the Hutchinson letters had been written to Thomas Whately, now dead. How Franklin came to have the letters, no one knows; someone probably stole them and gave them to Franklin. The brother of the dead Mr. Whately accused a man named John Temple of stealing the Hutchinson letters and giving them to Franklin. In the duel between Whately and Temple on December 11, 1773, Whately was wounded. Horrified, Franklin caused a notice to be published in the newspaper.
The notice explained that after hearing about the duel...
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Americans' Reactions to Benedict Arnold's Treason
"Treason of the blackest dye was …discovered. General Arnold …lost …every sense of honor, of private and public obligation…. "
George Washington
In colonial America, there were many men who were just as eager to get ahead as Thomas Hutchinson (1711–1780; see earlier entries in this chapter). For a man like Benedict Arnold (1741–1801), whose father had left him no money, one of the best and fastest ways to get noticed was by advancing through the military ranks. More than a few Revolutionary-era figures first came to national attention in that way, but not many were as famous as Arnold, both before and after his betrayal of his country.
By all accounts, Arnold was an outstanding military leader. He was loved by his men and exhibited tremendous courage and daring in battle. In 1775, he nearly took Quebec (Canada) with the intention of making it a fourteenth colony. That campaign involved a terrible march through the freezing wilderness; at one point his starving men were reduced to eating boiled candles. After that failure, he went on to save America from defeat at the hands of the British on several occasions. He played an important part in the American victory at Saratoga, New York, in 1777. That victory marked the beginning of the end of British control of the colonies, but...
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Notes from the Battlefronts
- Lord Dunmore
- Joseph Plumb Martin
- Thomas Paine
- Eliza Wilkinson
- Horace Walpole
- George Washington
Ever since 1765, the British government (Parliament) had been trying to collect taxes in America to pay British bills. Americans protested right from the beginning that Parliament had no right to tax people who had no representation in Parliament. Some Americans voiced their objections to British taxation in newspapers and pamphlets. Others, like Samuel Adams (1722–1803) and his Sons of Liberty, protested violently and spoke early, openly, and illegally about independence from Great Britain. The last straw for the British was the Boston Tea Party of December 1773, when Boston patriots dumped 342 chests of British tea into Boston Harbor. To punish Boston, which was the center of the most violent protests, and to let Boston serve as an example to the other colonies, Parliament passed the Intolerable Acts in 1774. The Intolerable Acts closed the port of Boston, gave the British-appointed governor of Massachusetts complete control of town meetings,...
(The entire section is 1188 words.)
Lord Dunmore
Declaration of Martial Law in Virginia
Issued on November 7, 1775; excerpted from Annals of America, 1968
"I do require every person capable of bearing arms to resort to His Majesty's standard, or be looked upon as traitors to His Majesty's crown and government…. "
Lord Dunmore
In March 1775, radical patriot Patrick Henry (1736–1799) stood up in front of the Virginia House of Burgesses (its lawmaking body) and made a passionate speech in support of his call for military preparations against the British. He ended his speech with the famous cry, "Give me liberty, or give me death." Virginia's House met illegally because the short-tempered royal governor of Virginia, John Murray (1732–1809), known as Lord Dunmore, had dissolved the legislature in 1773 and 1774 for the openly anti-British sentiments expressed by some of its members. It was still dissolved in 1775 when Henry gave his speech.
After Henry's speech, events in Virginia moved swiftly to armed conflict. As the Massachusetts patriots had done at Concord, Henry and others in Virginia had been stockpiling gunpowder in Williamsburg, Virginia. On May 2, 1775, just as he was about to leave for Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, to attend the Second Continental Congress, Henry learned that Dunmore...
(The entire section is 1118 words.)
Joseph Plumb Martin
A Narrative of Some of the Adventures, Dangers, and Sufferings of a Revolutionary Soldier
Originally published in 1830 and most recently republished as
Yankee Doodle Boy in 1995
Excerpted from Witnessing America, 1996
"My grandsire told [my grandma] that he supposed I was resolved to go into the service in some way or other and he had rather I would engage in the land service if I must engage in any."
Joseph Plumb Martin
Ayoung Connecticut farm boy, Joseph Plumb Martin (1760–1850), had been aware since 1774 that war with Great Britain was a strong possibility. At first, he vowed to himself to have nothing to do with it. But army recruiters came to his town in the spring of 1775, just after the war had unofficially begun in Lexington and Concord, Massachusetts. The recruiters offered a payment to anyone who would enlist to fight the British. Some of the new recruits stayed at Martin's grandfather's home before they departed to fight in Boston or New York City. Fired up by the conversations he heard and the chance to earn some money, Martin changed his mind and resolved to become a soldier. He was too young then, but in the summer of 1776, Martin enlisted.
For seven years, Martin served in the Continental Army, led by General...
(The entire section is 2032 words.)
Thomas Paine: The Crisis
The Crisis
First published on December 19, 1776; excerpted from Common Sense and Other Political Writings, 1953
"These are the times that try men's souls."
Thomas Paine
One of the greatest writers of the Revolutionary era was Thomas Paine (1737–1809), whose Common Sense is described in chapter 1. Paine was born and raised in England. He tried his hand at several different jobs before he turned to writing. He had only been in America for a few months when he was first asked to use his writing talent in the cause of American independence. His first effort, Common Sense, was quite successful. Two years after his arrival in America, Paine wrote the first of The Crisis papers.
Paine joined General George Washington's (1732–1799) army in New Jersey in December 1776. By then, Washington was a desperate man. He had just been soundly defeated in New York and forced to flee across New Jersey, with British soldiers hot on his heels. As they passed through New Jersey, both British and American soldiers looted and pillaged New Jersey farms and homes. On December 8, Washington's army crossed the Delaware River and set up camp on the Pennsylvania shore.
Americans were shocked, disgusted, and angry at the reports they...
(The entire section is 1433 words.)
Eliza Wilkinson
Account of the Looting of Her Sister's Home by British Soldiers
Originally published in 1839; most recently published in 1969 Excerpted from Voices of 1776, 1972
" I heard the horses of the inhuman Britons coming in such a furious manner that they seemed to tear up the earth…. "
Eliza Wilkinson
Until 1779, the American Revolution was fought mostly in the north. Then it moved far to the south, where some of the fiercest fighting of the war took place. The south, especially Georgia and South Carolina, was home to more Loyalists (colonists who were loyal to King George III [1738–1820]) than the north. Part of the overall British plan to win the war was to secure the support of those Loyalists, making full use of black slaves. Once the south was in their hands, the British planned to use it as a base to conquer the north.
General Sir Henry Clinton (1738–1795) was placed in command of British forces for the southern operation. One of his first actions was to make an announcement similar to the Declaration of Martial Law in Virginia by John Murray (1732–1809), known as Lord Dunmore (see entry on p. 217), but applying to the entire south. The British promised freedom to slaves who came over to their side.
Tens of thousands...
(The entire section is 1145 words.)
Horace Walpole
Letter to the Earl of Strafford about the Surrender of Cornwallis at Yorktown
Written on November 27, 1781; excerpted from The Best Letters of Horace Walpole, 1911
"Oh, my Lord, I have no patience with my country, and shall leave it without regret! Can we be proud when all Europe scorns us?"
Horace Walpole
In 1779, the war's action moved from the north to the south. By then, the French had agreed to openly assist the American cause. With the help of the French navy, the Americans finally achieved a stunning victory at Yorktown, Virginia, on October 19, 1781.
Back in England, the news of the surrender at Yorktown came as a complete (and unwelcome) surprise. For two years, all London had been hearing was news of a string of southern victories. Parliament, the British lawmaking body, was scheduled to return from a recess on November 27, 1781. Everyone wanted to hear what would be said about the loss at Yorktown. But King George III (1738–1820) had written his speech before he received news of the loss, and he apparently saw no reason to change it. He spoke to Parliament without mentioning the surrender. At the time, King George planned to pursue the war, but he was soon forced to give up that plan, because Parliament and British public opinion had...
(The entire section is 1158 words.)
George Washington
Farewell Address to the Armies of the United States
Issued on November 3, 1783; excerpted from George Washington's Writings, 1997
"The unparalleled perseverance of the Armies of the U States, through almost every possible suffering and discouragement for the space of eight long years, was little short of a standing miracle."
George Washington
After the British surrendered at Yorktown, Virginia, on October 19, 1781, the village lay in ruins. Victorious American soldiers looted British stockpiles, seizing food, guns, ammunition, swords, and British and German flags (German soldiers were hired to fight alongside the British). Six thousand British and German soldiers were marched off to prison camps in Virginia and Maryland, but their commanding officers returned to England. There still remained a large number of British soldiers at their headquarters in New York City.
Americans were ecstatic over General George Washington's (1732–1799) spectacular victory at Yorktown. They considered the war over, but Washington was not so sure. All the news from England indicated that King George III (1738–1820) wanted to continue the war. Washington warned Congress that it should be ready for new confrontations in 1782. To be on the safe side, Congress ordered...
(The entire section is 1947 words.)
Source: American Revolution, ©2000-05-01 Gale Cengage. All Rights Reserved. Full copyright.


text:
A cabled textured hat.
A relaxed belted wrap cardigan with moss stitch trim.
A lace and stocking stitch sweater.
A raglan lace jacket.
A neat-fitting cardigan with textured yoke detail.
A close-fitting shrug with single button and garter stitch trim.
A textured cardigan with cording and garter stitch trim.
A waistcoat with an elegant drape and shawl collar.
An A-line cable jacket.
A wrap cardigan.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
- #1
Saturday Night Contest - Unofficial Preview
Time for this week's Saturday Night Contest! The contest this evening was inspired by a video we saw recently from Shin Lim. Shin created a tribute video to our Monarch playing cards (his favorites) which blew us away.
Your goal tonight is to create your own tribute video or trailer for your favorite deck sold at theory11. Even a deck of Bicycle playing cards you purchased at the convenience store will work, just so long as it is sold here. You can do whatever you'd like in your video (ie. cardistry, magic, or something completely different): the sky is the limit!
If you don't have a fancy camera, use what you do have. Certainly use the best equipment that you have available, but a great video on a poor camera will win over a poor video on a great camera. Remember to light well or go outside and find a cool environment. Creativity counts in all aspects, technique and production! Showcase the cards. Create the right vibe for whatever deck you are showing. Imagine that your video is going to be seen by thousands of people as a representation of the cards you are filming... because it will be.
The winner will have their video featured on theory11 for the world to see, they will win a 12 pack of any deck of playing cards we currently have in stock, and they will win a rare deck of Brown Wynn playing cards from the theory11 private reserve.
You have 24 hours to make it happen! Submissions are due by tomorrow (Sunday) night at 11:00pm EST. One submission per person. Post your video to Youtube or Vimeo, make sure it is not set as "private" and post the link here by the deadline tomorrow. Good luck!// andrei jikh
vp of production / theory11 - #4
Hey blackghost, the focus of this week's video will be on playing cards currently in stock.
// andrei jikh
vp of production / theory11 - #6
- Join Date
- Mar 2012
- Posts
- 88
MemberI just posted this suggestion to do a trailer for cards in the SNC sticky suggestion thread aswel
And I SO SO want to take part, but I must revise for my exam in like 2 days
And the deck I want to do a trailer for, I'm still waiting for my package to arrive! *sigh* maybe next time...or maybe I'll do it and just redo my year at college...LOL ;D - #8
- Join Date
- Feb 2012
- Posts
- 46
MemberSweet! My favorite deck is Monarchs as well...would I still have a chance at winning?
- #9
Certainly David! Monarchs are fair game!
// andrei jikh
vp of production / theory11 - #10
Not quite sure, if this video will be eligible for this contest, as it was filmed a while ago. But I like the cards and made a trailer as well.
Anyway, here it is - http://vimeo.com/14654688
At least Andrei might like the ending of this vid


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Safety is one of those things that everybody rolls their eyes at and nobody wants to talk about. Taking the time for a weekly safety meeting is worth the time it takes to learn simple rules to keep everybody on the job site safe.
The table saw is at the heart of any workshop, and personally my favourite tool. It is also one of the most dangerous tools. Below is a rundown of some of the rules I constantly preach to my employees. The majority of mistakes are made before you even power up the table saw.
Check yourself:
- Check that you are wear proper eye and ear protection, have short sleeves or have them rolled up and hair tied back.
- Check that you have push sticks or pads within reach.
- Check that you are standing out of the danger zone ( the area behind the blade).
- When a piece of material "kicks back" and gets caught on the blade your material will come shooting out the back of the saw at a high speed.
Check the saw and setup:
Check that you have an outfeed table to catch your work piece and prevent you from reaching over the blade.
- Check that you have guards installed or a riving knife for kerf cuts.
- Check blade for wobble, lost teeth and sharpness.
- Check that the fence is parallel to the blade.
- Check that the blade is adjusted so that only one tooth extends above the workpiece.
- Check that if you are ripping anything 3" or less you are using a push stick. This also avoid reaching over the blade and extends your reach.
- Check that the blade is not angled towards the fence.
When using a table saw:
- Keep your fingers away from the blade!
- Only push your workpiece between the fence and the blade.
- Never cut a piece of wood smaller than the diameter of the blade, a miter gauge or table saw sled works much better.
- Let the blade stop before you reach to retrieve your cut pieces.
- Leave a comment with any more table saw safety rules!
When building a deck little touches like a picture frame board running the perimeter can really set off a deck design. Even a basic pressure treated deck can be enhanced by a picture frame border and 45* decking.
Creating this look is a simple process of installing wood blocking in the proper places to pick up the decking where it ends. Keeping the thickness of your fascia board and desired overhang in mind you can accurately place your blocking.
Alternatively you can experiment with double picture frames and running the deck boards on a angle like in the example. For double picture frames it is a simple process of installing further blocking to pick up the ends of the decking. When running deck boards on an angle I suggest spacing your joists 12" on centre as opposed to 16". Deck boards placed on an angle will have a greater span and when using 5/4" decking I always space at 12" oc. Angled decking will also stiffen the deck frame and prevent racking.
Tip: Toronto guardrail codes are subjected to Building Code SB-7 and properly installed guardrails usually require some blocking themselves.I always like to install my railing posts before adding blocking for a picture frame to avoid having to tear out blocking to install a railing post, then re-block to pick up the picture frame.
A small seat wall or garden wall can be a great addition to a landscape project. Whether it serves as seating or functions to define a specific area seat walls are an attractive component that really aren't too complicated to construct. I'm going to quickly run over the materials and construction of one of the most common seat walls we build. Using Brussels Block Dimensional Stone as the wall stone and a natural stone coping of Banas Sandstone it is a great value and looks stunning. Picture Below
Step 1
The first step to creating this seat wall is to decide exactly where it will go and excavate the ground to allow for a proper gravel base. To do this drive two stakes into the ground. One where the wall will start and the other where it will end. Tie a string between them making sure that the string is exactly level and at grade. To do this you might have to dig a little trench. You can use a line level, hold a 6′ level on the line or use a laser level to ensure level. For angles set a stake at each each corner being careful to take note that this string will be either the outside or inside of the wall.
Step 2
Step 2 is to excavate and add the gravel to your excavation. A Dimensional stone is 4″ deep and since burying one course and using 4″ of gravel is pretty much standard your final excavation depth is going to be 8″. So go ahead and dig your trench along your string line at a depth of 8″ from the line and a width of about 10″ to give you some working room. Once excavated use a hand tamper or jumping jack to compact the soil at the bottom of your tench. Now add 4″ of gravel along your tench compacting in 2″ lifts. Now you area almost ready to start stacking the stone.
Step 3
Now that you have your tench with compacted gravel it is time to set the first course. This is the most important course you will lay because it all builds off this course. To ensure that the wall is level and straight you are going to use your string line once again. Set the corner of the long side of the Dimensional Stone next to the string at the exact same height just beside the string. Use a bullet level to level front to back. Using a rubber mallet and having some extra gravel on hand is always a good idea at this point. Take your time with this. Once the first course is down it is just as simple as stacking the blocks ensuring they line up correctly and gluing them together with an adhesive such as PL Premium. Using a level as a straight edge and plumbing the stones is always a good idea. Stack the wall to a height of 18″ and then glue the Banas coping on the top of the wall to finish it off ensuring even overhangs on visible edges.
Your average driveway or parking pad is a large, hard landscaped surface created with concrete or asphalt to take the abuse of vehicle traffic. Along with the stability concrete or asphalt provides it also contributes to urban runoff and the heat island effect. Being that a driveway is often the largest hard landscaped surface on a Toronto property by being aware of these issues and designing landscapes with them in mind will lead to a driveway landscape with the least environmental impact.
Runoff is the movement of water along the surface created by soils that are saturated to full capacity or when rain falls on impervious surfaces such as a concrete driveway. When water flows along the land it causes a few environmental issues:
- First runoff has the chance to pick up contaminants such as car fluids, carwash runoff, de-icing salts, and fertilizers feeding them into our lakes and rivers.
- The high heat capacity of impervious concrete and asphalt driveways also contributes to higher runoff temperatures which when drained into local rivers can raise the temperature of the entire ecosystem.
- The nature of our storm water runoff system is that is has been designed to quickly remove water from the surface and drain it into runoff sewers and back to the rivers and lakes. Doing this reduces groundwater recharge and increases the need for irrigation.
Permeable paving solutions for driveway landscapes are a great option. Designed to allow the infiltration of water and reduce runoff permeable paving is installed much like an interlock driveway. The main difference is the open graded aggregate used as the driveway base to allow for groundwater to percolate deep in the water table. Here are some guidelines to green your driveway landscape.
- Implement a permeable paving solution such as Unilocks Eco-Optiloc with an open graded aggregate base
- Low grade slopes (1.5%) encourage slower storm water flow and increases infiltration and groundwater recharge
- The use of 'bio-retention' areas such as absorption gardens reduces runoff
- Plant trees to shade hard landscaping areas to reduce the increase of runoff temperature
- Use trench drains, catch basins and drywells appropriately to control runoff
Set a wish list and know when to compromise
The worst possible outcome of a landscaping project is that you end up spending a bunch of money and either you are left with the same problem you began with or your new landscaping isn't as wonderfully beautiful as you had hoped. This outcome can be avoided by taking the time to write down the things you like about your property, the things you don't like and what elements and problem solving must be done to ensure lasting enjoyment. By having this list in mind you can be sure to not compromise the most important aspects of your landscaping project in the interests of keeping your budget it check.
Example: Bob and Sue in Toronto wanted to increase the curb appeal of their property by replacing their front walkway. We sat down with them and hashed out a plan that included doubling their existing walkway from 2' in width to 4'. I suggest that a front entrance walkway allow for two people to walk side by side and generally a 4' wide walkway allows for that. When it comes to picking materials they had already decided on natural stone even before they contacted me. Running the numbers that night I knew they would be over budget if we landscaped with natural stone. The solution was to use an interlock product or reduce the size of their walkway. We chose on the interlock product and Bob and Sue still got to keep their grand wide walkway and increase the curb appeal of their home without having to walk on the grass when they wanted to walk side by side.
Communication with your contractor
Having a plan is a great way to avoid complications and extra costs during the project. The reality is that most often there are things to discuss during the project sometimes leading to excess costs or change orders. The most important thing is that you maintain open communication with your contractor and give feedback when you think something should be changed or when you think the plan is not being followed. Doing things twice can be costly and as a landscape contractor I can tell you it can be extremely frustrating. By discussing issues as they arise will avoid complication and disputes in the future.


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Welcome to the Genes Reunited community boards!
- The Genes Reunited community is made up of millions of people with similar interests. Discover your family history and make life long friends along the way.
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Search by date of death or age at death
Profile | Posted by | Options | Post Date |
Karen | Report | 4 Aug 2012 11:05 |
Any possibility that an option to search by date of death or age at death could be added in the future? |
Porkie_Pie | Report | 4 Aug 2012 11:21 |
On ancestry you have the option to enter birth year +/- when searching deaths |
Stephen_SG | Report | 4 Aug 2012 11:39 |
You do fare better to go direct to the FreeBMD site since the Ancestry site is limited in some area's of this data. |
Porkie_Pie | Report | 4 Aug 2012 11:45 |
Stephen_SG, I beg to differ, freebmd are not complete they are only transcribed up to abt 1960 |
Karen | Report | 9 Aug 2012 22:39 |
Thanks for your comments. The sites you're referring to seem to cover records for England & Wales only. The records I'm looking for are Northern Ireland ones and they seem to be a bit more elusive. |
SylviaInCanada | Report | 10 Aug 2012 01:05 |
Problem is .................... |
Researching: |
RolloTheRed | Report | 10 Aug 2012 10:29 |
Oddly enough regardless of the way in which users enter dates and time there is an underlying method to store this data in the same way. For stuff like banking or e-mail the absolute transaction date and time can be stored not just the relative date. |
Researching: |
Stephen_SG | Report | 11 Aug 2012 11:01 |
What is the difference of the updated Versions of Gedcom's ? |
Porkie_Pie | Report | 11 Aug 2012 11:55 |
Stephen_SG , you are correct search all depends on how you use it |
CupCakes | Report | 11 Aug 2012 16:28 |
If you are a GR Premier subscriber you can search by deaths, births, marriages and anything else all seperately. Having found the deaths I actually worked back and found several birth certs :-D :-D |
Porkie_Pie | Report | 11 Aug 2012 17:25 |
NanaSue, The search on GR only gives you the option to search bmd by the year of that event +/- 10 years regardless of what subscription you have, |
CupCakes | Report | 12 Aug 2012 12:30 |
PP have to disagree with you. When I have less common name I usually just type in the name only and hit search. I know sometimes many pages come up but I then narrow it down sometimes by approx DOB and then location or between census records. So easy |


text: What's Hot 2013 Gift Ideas Remembering Mandela World Cup Draw GALLERIES Whitney Port Pics 0 47 Back to Top ▲ Whitney Port Pics Whitney Port Pics AskMen Editors Whitney Port is a reality-show figure whose presence alongside Lauren Conrad, Audrina Patridge and Heidi Montag on The Hills turned her into a household name among the MTV crowd, and she continues to be a reality star with her own show The City. However, it's her work within the fashion industry that's ensured her name will be remembered long beyond her on-camera appearances. Continue reading Whitney Port's profile. Next Page Exclusive Access Get the best deals for men on Black Friday, Cyber Monday & more ✓ You're in!We'll be in touch soon. ✗ Something went wrong.Try again later. Subscribing to a newsletter indicates your consent to our Terms of Use and Privacy Policy.


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Kim Jong Il
The latest news on Kim Jong Il
Despite North Korea's successful missile launch, the country's regime may not be far from implosion.
Famine could lead to dangerous instability for North Korea, with consequences reverberating around the globe.
State-run media reports mystery woman is leader's wife, ending weeks of speculation.
Kim Jong-Un appeared on state television with unknown woman and recently fired a top military aide.
Thousands pack the main square of the capital to pledge their loyalty to new leader Kim Jong Un.
Kim Jong Il's final farewell ends with a 21-gun salute.
The mass mourning over the dictator's death is being driven by a mix of forces.
With Congress in a standoff, some predict issues won't get resolved until January.
Prospects for nuclear disarmament of North Korea look dim.
North Korea's leader was more than just a mercurial despot


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Byers Volvo has a complete selection of used cars in Columbus to choose from. A member of our staff is ready to take you for a test drive in your favorite pre owned car, truck, SUV or van. If you are looking for a used Volvo car in Columbus, Byers Volvo is the place to shop if you value low prices. We can be reached by phone, or visit our dealership at 301 North Hamilton Road. Serving used cars to Newark, Lancaster, and Westerville.


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The Celestial Steakhouse
Online Reservations
I went to The Celestial not knowing what to expect. Very good reviews does not necessarily make for a fantastic restaurant. This, however, was one of those times when the reviews didn't do the restaurant justice. It was simply fantastic. My fiance and I wanted to do something special for our anniversary. The restaurant has an incredible view of downtown Cincinnati/northern Kentucky. The server was very nice, knowledgeable of the menu and the city, and helped us make fantastic selections. I had the Kansas City and my fiance had the Cowboy. Both delicious, 18 oz, bone-in steaks. The price was great for the product. And at the end, the server brought a dessert (free) with raspberry scripted letters saying, "Happy Anniversary" A great touch!!
I had visited the Celestial probably 30 years ago. I enjoyed it then and I enjoyed it this past weekend. Very relaxing atmosphere and a wonderful view of the city.
While visiting Cincinnati, we took the advice of locals and visited the Mt. Adams area. There are less expensive dining choices in this entertaining area but we selected this one for its panoramic view of the city & the appealing menu. We were seated promptly and thoroughly enjoyed our meals (salads, steak and salmon). It's old-style upscale, attractive in a slightly dated fashion, with crisp white tablecloths and good service. In our early 50s, we were on the younger end of the clientele this particular Friday night. Recorded background music was amusing (greatest hits of the 70s and 80s). But all in all an enjoyable outing.
Food and service were good. Requested a seat by the window. We had a great view of the city. However, seating was too crowded. My partner had to move the table to get out of his chair when we were ready to leave. Ladies next to us were noisy making me uncomfortable since I could hear their entire conversation.
This was our first time to dine at The Celestial Steakhouse. The food was fabulous and beautifully presented. Our server was attentive but not smothering. He was knowledgeable and personable. The quiet surroundings made it easy for us to have an intimate conversation, without having to raise our voices. We are going to visit again.
when we walked in I realized that I had forgotten to ask for a window table because of the spectacular view. (We were doing the entertaining). But I was over joyed when they put us in a private room facing the city. Spectacular. Thank you.
My party was celebrating a special occassion. The food was outstanding as well as the service.
Fantastic view of the city along with nice service. Greatly recommend this restaurant.
Restaurant was kind enough to give us the table I requested, food and service were very good, and the view is "best in the city" for evening dining. Second visit this summer and food and service were very good both times.
We had a great time. I had requested a window seat for dinner and we had a great view of the downtown and river area of Cincinnati. The food was fantastic as I tried the porterhouse special with cheese potato's and asparagus. Wife had the NY strip which was seasoned fantastically for her. She also had the French onion soup which they did a great job on. One of the nice thing was that they did not kill you on the beers to go with Dinner. I drink Bud light and they where priced with the rest of town. I can see where they had several large groups near by but did not impact the level of service our waiter provided throughout dinner. The Crème Brule was a awesome ending to very nice night
The food is great. Only negative is the "décor". It reminds me of an old cruise ship. Otherwise everything was great. The shrimp risotto was fantastic.
My wife and I went to experience The Celestial on a Thursday night. Our first impression was that it was a premium restaurant. It was classically decorated with wood paneling, white table cloths, and elegant furniture. Our waiter was attentive and pleasant. We ordered the Celestial Oscar, the Salmon special, and the Lobster Bisque as an appetizer, their specialty. The food was all well presented and tasted good, but every item was lukewarm. Also, we arrived just before sunset and were looking forward to the fantastic view of the city. While the view was spectacular, it was somewhat muted by the soiled windows. As a result, our overall impression was that our experience did not justify the rather hefty price we paid.
We brought out of town guests to enjoy this wonderful view of Cincy as well as to dine in an upscale restaurant. Overall, we had a wonderful evening. The food and drinks were prepared exactly to order and were excellent! The steaks are right at the top of the list of fine dining restaurants in quality and seasoning. The a la carte menu can add up to a pricey meal. Sharing is encouraged. The ambiance could improve with the replacement of worn carpets and sagging seats that make sitting a bit uncomfortable. The bar has an excellent view but it's apparent that it caters to a much older crowd; it also looks tired. This is a neighborhood gem that needs some attention given it commands such a gorgeous view of the city and northern Kentucky.
Wonderful food and service made for a great evening. Attentive and delicious.
Food and Service was superb... Our waiter( Tim) was excellent, Very Fine Dinning experience for our anniversary.
Our experience at the Celestial was wonderful! We were seated at the window, just as I requested, for a beautiful view of the city at sundown. The food was exceptional...had the filet Oscar style, the halibut, and the oysters. Service was good too.
I will definitely go back to Celestial again. The service was excellent, and was very courteous. Steak was outstanding, and the pricing was very reasonable. I would go there and pay just a little more than a chain restaurant to get a tremendous steak. The appetizer was tremendous as well. We will definitely be going back.
I took my family and friends, a group of 5, to the Celestial Restaurant. Great food, cery good wine choices, and an awesome view of the Cincinnati skyline. Suggest dining there just about at sunset for an even more spectacular view and dinner. Outstanding service from a very attentive waitstaff. Our steaks and side dishes were excellently prepared. My son heartily recommends their rar bar oysters, which were very fresh and good. Dine here, and you won't be disappointed.
Food was very good and well prepared. Mashed potatoes could have been hotter. View was really nice.
Even without the view the food would have out paced local legends like Jeff Ruby's restuarants. Add the fantastic views and you have the making of a wonderful evening. Steaks and salmon entree's where all cooked to temperature correctly and delicious. Portions are perfect and sides delicious. I solid wine list with many options by the glass satisfied different tastes. Service was fantastic. Noise level encourages conversation and lingering over desserts- also outstanding.
The Celestial has an upscale comfortable feel. Best steaks and view of Cincinnati ever!
I had not been to the Celestial for 30 years so wanted to go their for our 39 anniversary. We ordered wine to go with our dinners and my son had asked our waiter about comparing the wine profiles of the Mondavi to a comparative that was $60...We chose to try the other wine as we are more familiar with the Mondavi..The waiter brought the bottle of wine to me (i need bifocals to read anything) assumed it was the bottle of wine we selected and he opened it for us to try. It was very good. When the bill came we found out that it was a wine called Profile. one which we had never heard of before and we were charged $150 for the bottle.
The Celestial made our 20th Wedding Anniversary very special. We requested a table with a view, and it was stunning! The food was absolutely delicious, and they surprised us with a complimentary dessert served on a large plate that spelled out "Happy Anniversary" in raspberry glaze. A wonderful evening.
This is our favorite Cincinnati Restaurant for special occasions and on our most recent visit it enforced our feelings toward it. Tim (our waiter) was outstanding as was the food and the always spectacular view of the Cincinnati area.
When to the Celestial for our 3 year anniversary and it was fantastic. Our waiter was phenomenal and the food was perfect. My wife had the Filet Mignon and I had the New York Strip. The strip was beyond amazing. Juicy, tender, and spiced just right.
Cosy, elegant, perfect food, romantic. This is what I was aiming for on a sweetest day dinner and this is exactly what the celestial provided. The ambiance was flawless, excusing the hotel entrance. Parking was easy to find, chairs were comfy, waitstaff was excellent, menu was large enough for choices but small enough to make choosing easier, appetizer was delectable, steak was juicy and perfectly cooked, girlfriend loved the desert, all in all I had zero bad things to say about it. Im afraid I don't remember my servers name, I never had to ask for him, he was always there when needed and so it has slipped my mind, despite his excellent table awareness and conversation. Written on my iphone, excuse the grammar.
We were entertaining friends from out of town. They loved the veiw very much. The food and service were very good. It was a very enjoyable dining experience .
It had been a long time since I was last at The Celestial in Mt Adams, well, to be honest, I guess in the over twenty years I've been in Cincy, I've never been toThe Celestial. It was featured on OpenTable this past Friday, and we were going to Playhouse in the Park, so, perfect, let's give it a try. Where have you been all my life! My wife and I both had steaks, ribeyes, perfectly prepared to medium rare, with a nice primal char. The lobster bisque was decadent. Spring mix salad great. And the view of the City as the sun set was very romantic. Only gripe was the background music... a bit too loud, and pure 70's mix kind of dates the atmosphere. But, all in all, I consider The Celestial a forgotten gem in the Queen City.
From the doorman to the waiter to the scenery I have never had a more completely satisfying and truly lovely dining experience
Great steaks, view, and service. This is my second time dining here and I enjoyed it just as much as the first time. Using open table is very easy and it sends reminders. If you go during sunset it is great.
A few things of concerned: menu changes mainly for the good. A pear salad was replaced with a spring green salad with candied pecans, goat cheese, craisins with a lemon vinaigrette. The risotto is gone however several entree's are served with a shrimp risotto. The butter seemed to have been replaced with margarine a huge no no in my book. Our service was superb! The steak was fork tender. There were some housekeeping issues, windows need to be washed, minor repairs due, carpet warn. However in this economy prices have barely if at all. We will definitely be back. Look forward to our christmas ritual of my husband and I getting there for a quiet dinner during the busy holiday season.
Wonderful atmosphere. Delicious food. Great service. Amazing Cincinnati views! We had a wonderful time!
We went here for our one-year dating anniversary and were truly impressed. Great view of the city, amazing steaks, and our server John did an excellent job. We also liked the quiet ambience of the restaurant. The restaurant even surprised us with a special dessert for our anniversary. No complaints.
We had a wonderful evening with delicious food and a spectacualr view of the city.
Barry was our waiter and he made us feel so special like we were the only ones there. The food was scrumptious and the view is the best in the city. Thank you for such a great dining experience.
The purpose of the restaurant is to show of the view of the city. The inside of the windows were very streaky and made that viewing pleasure a dampener. I used some of my water on a napkin and cleaned my window to get a more clear view of the city and scenery. I pcked this restaurant out of the 7 top romantic restaurants in cincy. Please clean the windows
I took my wife to the Celestial this past saturday for her birthday dinner. We were late arriving for our reservation but only waited five minutes to be seated. Once seated we received the wine list and the wine very quickly. It took some time to get the menus than to have our order taken. The food was absolutely delicious and both of the steaks were cooked perfectly. We were not in a hurry so the slow pace to get the menus and our oder placed was not a big deal. The view from the table was excellent
My wife and I had a great 11th anniversary dinner, and the view was incredible! One of the best in the area, and the lounge next door was fun also
On the Cincinnati "must-do" list includes a trip to The Celestial Restaurant in historic Mt. Adams. Fabulous views of the Cincinnati skyline, fantastic service and delicious dinner fare help complete a romantic evening.
We had been to the Celestial previously to celebrate a birthday with great results and so for our 35th wedding anniversary it was the first place that came to mind. It did not disappoint. While a Monday is usually going to be quiet, we enjoyed the background jazz while selecting from a wonderful menu. Our meals were wonderful as was the service we received. And the view was spectacular. I feel certain we will return.
This was a great place, our server Victor (I think that was his name) did a wonderful job. He was prompt and courteous. My wife had the New York Strip, which was still tender and juicy even though she likes it well done. I tried the stuffed quail, which was wonderful. The Granny Apple Stuffing was quite a bit like my mom's homemade stuffing, which is my favorite and is very good! We also got the Moscato, it was very good! I think that was the best wine I have had!
It is a great place overall. The waiter was polite and very professional. We realized when we left that he seemed to always be there when we needed him but never annoying and on top of us like some waiters are. He also pulled out my fiance's chair and pushed it in as well as put our napkins (fabric, but not familiar with the correct word lol) on our laps for us. The food was amazing. I had the veal. Never have I had such a delicate tasty meat (and I have had many). Any table in this restaurant is A+. You can see everything from any table and that is because the angle the building is positioned. It was an experience I will never forget- feeling for an hour that money was not an issue and I was eating with the elite!
When we first walked into the dining area, we were 'awed' by the spectacular Cincinnati Skyline! OMG! The restaurant lighting was low but not so low you couldn't read the menu. The food presentation was really beautiful - portion size wasn't large for the $, but still delicious! We both had the Filet with mashed potatos that was like cutting through butter and absolutely melted in our mouth. My only dissappointment was our server...he was "just okay"; if he had been more pleasant in the interaction, it would have made the dinner that much better. Now, if you ask me if we will go back, I would say "probably", but not anytime soon and likely not even in the next couple years. There are more restaurants on our bucket list!
I selected this as a Date Night dinner for my wife and I. It was a great selection. Everything was wonderful and it was really close to Playhouse in the Park, which was our second half of Date Night. I would highly recommend it.
Probably the best steak I've had at a restaurant. Price is commiserate with the food- this is not Texas Roadhouse, after all! Gorgeous view of Downtown Cincinnati, which is awesome in the evening. My wife and I were here for our anniversary, and they treated us with a complimentary creme brulee- it was a perfect dish, also. They had a jazz ensemble going on Saturday evening, which was nice. Only small complaint is I had a reservation at 7 and we still had a small wait. I say small because we ordered drinks at the bar and hadn't finished them yet when the table opened. They have a perfect sear and crust to the steak, and it was served perfectly at medium. Can't say enough about the overall experience.
Four of us had dinner to celebrate a birthday and couldn't have picked a more appropriate restaurant. Spectacular view, outstanding service, nice wine list, and good food; reasonably priced for what was received. Our waiter, who was excellent, brought a beautiful, complimentary birthday dessert which was much appreciated by the recipient. Great for a special occasion or just a nice night out.
Food and atmosphere were wonderful. The menu options and wine list made for a great dinner and experience, and the views of Cincinnati and Northern Kentucky were spectacular for eating by the city lights. The staff was very kind and helpful, even though we were there near closing time, they never complained or tried to hurry us out.
The food is even better than the view; very easy to get to, accessible parking in a SAFE neighborhood; service is outstanding. Highly recommended for special occasions or any time you want a fantastic dining experience!
Wonderful view of the city and a great venue for that special night out with a significant other.
Fantastic place to dine for special occasions. The view is amazing and they have plenty of different food options to choose from. But, the best thing about the restaurant was the service and how friendly the people were!


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By Gal Tziperman Lotan Globe Correspondent
Officials gathered outside a three-family Victorian home in Dorchester Saturday to demonstrate how to install guards that keep windows from opening far enough to allow children through, part of the 19-year-old Kids Can't Fly campaign.
"As a parent, it's easy to forget about the risk of window falls because we all think of our homes as the safest place for kids to play," said Boston Mayor Thomas M. Menino in a statement. "We want to make sure that homes are truly safe."
Before the campaign began, there were 21 falls from windows in Boston in 1991 and 18 in '92, said Nick Martin, director of communications at the Boston Public Health Commission.
The number has since dropped to two or three falls a year, he said.
As part of the initiative, which includes educating Boston residents with young children, Boston landlords and homeowners can buy discounted window guards through Boston Building Resources in Roxbury for $23.50 and a larger size for $30.50. The guards fit windows in older houses.
Injuries get more severe with every foot a person falls, Boston EMS Chief Jim Hooley said. Head injuries, broken or fractured ribs, and internal organ injuries are especially common.
"It's consistent with a car accident injury," he said. "A lot of injuries can take a long time to recover from."
Hooley was a paramedic in Boston before the Kids Can't Fly campaign began in 1993, and he recalled "a rash" of calls for children falling out of windows.
"It was devastating for the parents, or whoever was watching the kid at the time," Hooley said.
Gal Tziperman Lotan can be reached at firstname.lastname@example.com.


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Hawaii Five-O's Scott Caan, Grace Park, Alex O'Loughlin, and Daniel Dae Kim are seen on set in Honolulu. The picture was tweeted by Daniel Dae Kim, who plays Chin Ho Kelly on the CBS drama. Alex O'Loughlin makes his return to the set after missing an episode for a quick stay in rehab. From TV Guide.com:
"Good news. Just one full episode will be McGarrett-less. When Alex went to rehab in March, citing treatment for prescription pain medication due to a shoulder injury, the Hawaii Five-0 team did have to do some last-minute scrambling. But according to executive producer Peter Lenkov, Alex's absence fit in well with the story arc he'd already mapped out. "Things happen; that's the business," shrugs Peter. "We rewrote it."
PICTURES: Check out more on the Hawaii Five-o page
It's great to have McGarrett (O'Loughlin) back in the fold as the show seemed so empty without him. Good luck to him in his battle to stay healthy and happy.
Also spotted on set was Alex hanging with director Larry Teng. Check out the pics in the gallery.


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It doesn't take a master carpenter to build any of the unique flower boxes pictured on these pages. All were made by regular folks, starting with a basic flower-box plan and run-of-the-mill tools. What they did add was lots of creativity!
The challenge was straightforward—we asked them to build a flower box and embellish it to their liking. The only guidelines—make sure it's a "simple" flower box requiring no special tools and that it's weather-resistant.
You can do it, too! See the next page to start building your own custom flower box.
To most people, leftover tree stumps are unwelcome eyesores, just another hassle to mow around.
But to Jack McClure of Aberdeen, Washington, the 400-to 600-year-old cedar stump in his yard has provided plenty of natural material for unique projects, like the flower box above.
"I split out some boards from the cedar stump," says Jack. "After seeing the wood grain and shape of the boards, I envisioned this simple flower box."
This whimsical flower box, made by Joanna Olsen of Stacy, Minnesota, started with the idea of recycling the antique doorknob. It's now the focal point for the box, a peek inside a his-and-hers closet.
"This project allowed me to be imaginative with stuff that was lying around," Joanna writes.
She painted the box with white exterior paint and covered it with polyurethane.
This instantly weathered flower box was designed and built by 18-year-old Japheth Peight of Lewison, Pennsylvania. We liked his design because of its creative finish. The craftsmanship is also impressive—each piece is individually cut.
"I used regular pine wood and weathered it with a propane torch before sealing with a good water-resistant finish," notes Japheth.
World's Simplest Flower Box
Here's about the easiest way to build a sturdy flower box. Like the readers on the previous pages, show us what you can do with this simple design. Send your photos and a short note about your creation. We'll share the most clever in upcoming issues and on our Web site.
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Download a PDF of our Summer 2013 Catalog! Featureing our latest film and television offerings. To download, click on the banner or HERE
"Animal Cops" combines with "From Underdog To Wonderdog" to tell the incredible story of the "no kill"Pet Helpers Animal Rescue Shelter in Charleston, S.C. GIVE ME SHELTER is a show about compassion and courage in the face of callousness and casual cruelty. It is a show that highlights just how much good people can do, even in the face of seemingly overwhelming odds. GIVE ME SHELTER is a show about the hero that resides in each of us. TO GET MORE INFO CONTACT US.
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For many Americans, winning the lottery represents the ultimate dream come true. MILLIONS (a lottery story) follows the lives of six different big money winners to show in detail just how dramatically a life-changing experience can affect ordinary people. LEARN MORE
An evocative journey into the passion of fly fishing, Trout Grass playfully tracks the transformation of raw bamboo from vibrant Asian grass to super-conductive fly fishing rod.LEARN MORE


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Category: | Beauty | Hair and Nail Salons | Day Spas | |
Description: | Aveda concept salon that offers hair styling, nail care, facials, massages, and body treatments using Aveda products, which are made from plant-based, organics, or sustainable ingredients. |
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Mon 10am-6pm
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Sat 9am-6pm
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I Stayed here for 2 nights while visiting friends in nearby La Loggia. What can i say after reading some previous reviews i was a little weary but after visiting i will definatly stay here again. The staff were all very helpful and the rooms even though a little dated were ideal for myself. The hotel was great value for... More
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