text:
K-19: The Widowmaker
Screenplay : Christopher Kyle (story by Louis Nowra)
MPAA Rating : PG-13
Year of Release : 2002
K-19: The Widowmaker is loosely based on an actual incident that took place in the Atlantic Ocean in 1961. The cumbrous title refers to the name of the first Soviet ballistic nuclear submarine, which was set out to sea to shoot a test missile, the purpose being to show the U.S. that the Soviet Union could retaliate with nuclear weapons if attacked. The problem was that the bureaucrats and party leaders were so eager to make their point that they sent the sub out before it was truly ready, and the results were nearly catastrophic.
Like Roger Donaldson's Thirteen Days (2000), K-19 takes us into the heart of the Cold War by telling a story to illustrate "just how close we came" to you-know-what. Granted, this particular incident didn't have nearly the potential to launch World War III as the Cuban Missile Crisis did, but had the K-19 exploded, it could have destroyed a U.S. warship and a nearby NATO base, which might have very well been mistaken for a deliberate attack.
The K-19 is nicknamed "The Widowmaker" before it ever leaves port because 10 men died during the construction. When the film opens, Capt. Polenin (Liam Neeson) is demoted by party leaders because the K-19 has mechanical problems (issues that are clearly not his fault). Instead, he is put in the secondary position of executive officer while Alexei Vostrikov (Harrison Ford), who happens to be married to the niece of someone high up in the Politburo, is made captain. Polenin takes this professional hit with dignity and good will, even though his men are less than enthusiastic about losing their captain. To make matters worse, Vostrikov proves to be a hard man to like, as he seems intent on testing everything and everyone by bringing them to the brink of death. He is hard, driven, and utterly uncompromising.
The mission gets off to a rocky start when Vostrikov fires the reactor officer because he is discovered to be drunk and has him replaced by Vadim Radtchenko (Peter Sarsgaard), a young man fresh out of the naval academy who has never been on a mission. Not only that, but the ship's medical officer is killed just before the launch and is replaced by a naval base doctor (Lubomir Mykytiuk) who admits to getting seasick. The rest of the crew is made up of a group of largely interchangeable eager young men who appear too youthful and innocent to be engaging in such a deadly mission. Needless to say, their mettle will be tested.
Although the test missile is successfully fired in the Arctic Circle, thus sending the needed message to the Americans, things start to go bad when the nuclear reactor's coolant system springs a leak, thus allowing the reactor to slowly heat up. Once it reaches the critical temperature of 1,000 degrees, it will likely melt down, causing an unstoppable chain reaction when the nuclear warheads on board begin to detonate. As this might be misconstrued as an act of Soviet aggression, solving this problem (in three hours, no less) not only involves saving the 120 men on board, but also averting World War III.
Director Kathryn Bigelow (Point Break, Strange Days) is above all a craftswoman, an artisan skilled in tension and violence. One of the few female directors who has worked exclusively in such male-oriented genres as horror, science fiction, and action-adventure, she brings to K-19 a taut relentlessness that is the hallmark of submarine movies, from Wolfgang Petersen's epic Das Boot (1981) to Jonathan Mostow's pulpy war adventure U-571 (2000). Working in the cramped, iron confines of the Soviet sub, she uses fluid tracking shots and intense close-ups to register the details of the life-and-death scenario and to keep the tension ratcheted up tight.
The film's tensest moments involve the quick-fix solution to cooling the reactor, which involves welding pipes together and rerouting the ship's 30 tons of fresh water. However, this requires that men go into the radiation-filled reactor room in nothing more than chemical suits (apparently, the warehouse was out of radiation suits), which, as Polenin points out, offer roughly the same protection as a raincoat. The most horrifying moment in the film is when the first set of workers emerge from the reactor room after only 10 minutes, their bodies crippled and their skin red and swollen from radiation poisoning, their comrades' forced lies that "You'll be alright" sounding hollow and desperate, rather than encouraging.
Troubles continue to mount as the radiation begins to leak throughout the entire submarine, making others sick and threatening the lives of all on board. Not only that, but there is dissention in the ranks, as some of the men feel more allegiance to Polenin than Vostrikov, especially because Vostrikov would sooner see his men die than surrender to a nearby American ship.
If K-19 has an immediate obstacle to hurdle, it is getting the audience to accept Harrison Ford, one of the most popular American actors of the last 30 years, in a complex role with a Russian accent. In all honesty, Ford's accent isn't very good (he never sounds like he commits to it fully), although the rest of his performance is wholly convincing. The amiable grin of Indiana Jones easily morphs into a perturbed scowl, although the fact that he is such a popular actor will undoubtedly aid the audience in accepting his character's mandated redemption at the end. Liam Neeson makes a strong foil for Ford's character, as we can see how these two men can both work together and butt heads with the same urgency and severity.
Many critics have pointed out that one of K-19's chief strengths is that it does not demonize the Soviet characters. That is, they are not portrayed as "evil" communists, but rather as human beings struggling to survive in a terrible situation. While this is true, it is also true that K-19 is a deeply nationalistic movie in that it takes part in one of the most popular forms of recent revisionist history, which involves taking a peak behind the fallen Iron Curtain and finding confusion, incompetence, and weakness that had for decades been disguised behind an elaborate charade.
The overall feeling one gets from K-19--which comes at the expense of the characters and the crisis at hand--is that the Cold War was really a bluff: The Soviets never had a chance and perhaps we were silly to have been so afraid of them. After all, the "flagship" of their Navy fleet was a poorly constructed, ill-equipped submarine forced into service too early by overeager bureaucrats, while the Americans already had numerous such submarines in position. Thus, despite not having a single American character, K-19, inadvertently or otherwise, works primarily to reinforce a sense of American (or at least Western-capitalist) superiority by showing how our greatest enemy was actually far weaker than we imagined and that their greatest accomplishment was not matching us step for step, but fooling us into thinking they were.
Copyright © 2002 James Kendrick


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subset: commoncrawl


text:
1 Product/Feature
• Connect Cisco Unified Communication Manager (CUCM) enterprises to service provider SIP trunks
• Connect 3rd party IP-PBX enterprises to service provider SIP trunks
• Connect H.323 and SIP voice and video applications within the enterprise
• Connect H.323 video over the Internet into the enterprise
• Connect business-to-business TelePresence sessions between enterprises
• Session Management: Offers real-time session management at the network border, such as call admission control, dial-plan interpretation and routing, SLA monitoring, QoS policy marking, etc.
• Interworking: Offers feature to interconnect networks with different protocols or capabilities, such as H.323-SIP interworking, SIP normalization, DTMF type conversion, payload type conversion, IPv4-IPv6 interworking, transcoding and transrating, etc.
• Demarcation: Allows a single point of troubleshooting for SIP trunks and voice quality issues. Offers features such topology hiding, statistics and billing (call detail records, or CDR) at the border of the network.
• Security: Offers a security enforcement point at the network border through features such as SIP registration, SIP port protection, hostname validation, authentication and encryption features, etc.
1.1 Overview/Description
1. Image, Configuration and License Management: General Cisco IOS router tools and methods are used for this. Cisco UBE licensing is in effect, but is only enforced for Gatekeeper configurations (as of 12.4.20T) and not yet for Cisco UBE configurations. When deploying any Unified Communications feature, including Cisco UBE, on and ISR G2 platform, the UC Technology Package is required. The licensing for this package is enforced.
See Cisco IOS Software Activation for more details.
2. Provisioning: General Cisco IOS router provisioning using the command line interface (CLI) is supported.
Support by management provisioning tools such as Cisco Configuration Professional (CCP). CCP 2.3 introduces support for Cisco UBE provisioning.
Cisco UBE provisioning includes the following elements:
• General router attributes
– Routing protocols, router interfaces, access lists, DNS connectivity, NTP (clock settings), QoS policies, SNMP connectivity, AAA/RADIUS connectivity, security features, etc.
• Global Cisco UBE attributes
– Turn on Cisco UBE as a router functions and specify the protocols that should be handled
– DSP hardware configuration and attributes (if present)
• SIP provisioning
– Global SIP parameters and attributes
– SIP header manipulation
– Dial-peers for SIP call sources and destinations
– SIP User Agent parameters and attributes
• H.323 provisioning
– Global H.323 parameters and attributes
– Dial-peers for H.323 call sources and destinations
• Dial-Plan provisioning
– Dial-peers, translation rules and digit manipulation features for interpreting the dial plan and routing calls as desired
3. Monitoring: General Cisco IOS router monitoring using CLI, syslog and SNMP are supported.
Cisco UBE supports most of the general Cisco IOS unified communications SNMP MIBs as well as several OIDs (object identifiers) developed specifically for Cisco UBE use cases.
Cisco UBE monitoring includes the following elements:
• Router Inventory and Health: CPU, memory, flash, modules, software image and release, etc.
• Interface Health: General IOS router interfaces, status and packet traffic statistics.
• SIP Trunk Status: Up or Down status of a SIP trunk to a service provider or application
• Call Traffic Statistics (Calls, Sessions, Capacity Planning, Errors):
– Trunk utilization and H.323/SIP Session Capacity
– Call arrival rate
– Call success/failure statistics
– SIP retries statistics
– Transcoding Session Capacity and DSP Utilization
– Media Termination Point (MTP) Session Capacity
• Licensing and Call Admission Control
• Resource Availability: Statistics and feedback to upstream call agents and load balancers
• Voice Quality: Statistics on packet loss, delay and jitter that can be calculated into metrics such as ICPIF, MOS and R-factor scores
• Billing: CDR, call patterns, toll fraud monitoring
4. Troubleshooting: General Cisco IOS router troubleshooting using CLI show and debug commands, as well as packet capture methods, are supported.
Cisco UBE supports most of the general Cisco IOS unified communications show and debug commands as well as several commands, and extensions to existing commands, developed specifically for Cisco UBE use cases, such as Per Call Debugging (PCD).
Table 1. Operations Phase and Management Capabilities
Operations Phase |
Management Capability |
Staging/Configuration |
• Cisco IOS CLI
• Cisco Configuration Engine (CCE)
• Configuration examples at www.cisco.com/go/interoperability > Cisco Unified Border Element/SIP Trunking Solutions
• Cisco Configuration Professional 2.3 or later
Installation/Provisioning |
• Cisco IOS CLI
• Configuration examples at www.cisco.com/go/interoperability > Cisco Unified Border Element/SIP Trunking Solutions
• Cisco Configuration Professional (CCP) 2.3 or later
Change Management/Archiving |
• Cisco IOS CLI
Fault Monitoring/Management |
• Cisco IOS CLI
• Any SNMP-based management system
Performance Monitoring/Management |
• Cisco IOS CLI (show and debug commands)
• Cisco UBE CDR
• Any SNMP-based management system
Troubleshooting |
• Cisco IOS CLI (show and debug commands)
• Cisco IOS syslog
• Wireshark (open source application)
2 Embedded Management
• Syslog
• NetFlow
2.1 CLI-Provisioning
• Cisco UBE IOS configuration is fully documented at: www.cisco.com/go/cube > Configure > Configuration Guides > Cisco Unified Border Element Configuration Guide.
• Cisco UBE IOS configuration is fully documented at: www.cisco.com/go/cube > Configure > Configuration Guides > Cisco Unified Border Element Configuration Guide.
• Cisco UBE CLI commands are documented as part of the general Cisco IOS command reference documentation on Cisco.com
• Cisco UBE configuration examples are given at www.cisco.com/go/cube > Configure > Configuration Guides > Configuration Examples and TechNotes
• Cisco UBE interoperability configuration guides with service provider SIP trunks and 3rd party IP-PBXs are given at www.cisco.com/go/interoperability > Cisco Unified Border Element (CUBE)/SIP Trunking Solutions
Note: Please refer to the general Cisco IOS command references on Cisco.com for a full explanation of command options and syntax, only abbreviated examples are given in the following sections.
2.1.1 Global CUBE CLI
2.1.4 Dial-Peer CLI
2.1.5 Security Features CLI
2.2 CLI-Status
2.2.1 SIP Trunk Status
• CUBE 1.3 (Cisco IOS 15.0.1M) returns an unconfigurable SIP "404 Not Found" error code
• CUBE 1.4 (15.1.1T) or later allows a configurable SIP error code in the 400-699 range. The default is "503 Service Unavailable"
• Dial-peer is marked as "active" when a valid response to an Options PING is received
• Dial-peer is marked as "busyout" when no response to an Options PING is received
• Dial-peer status changes from "active" to "busyout" when:
– A "503 Service Unavailable" response is received
– No response is received, i.e. request timeout (configurable number of retries)
– A "505 Version not supported" response is received
• Dial-peer status changes from "busyout" to "active" after a configurable number of consecutive positive responses (i.e. anything except 503, 505 and t/o)
• On router reboot, all dial-peers start in the "active" state
2.2.2 Call Admission Control
2.3 Protocol Monitoring
2.3.1 SIP Resource Availability
• System
• Memory
• Unsolicited (based on static Cisco UBE configuration)
– Periodically based on a timer configuration
– Notification when a threshold value (low/high water mark configuration) is crossed for a given resource
• Solicited (polled, or query/response)
– An SIP application can request RAI information
2.4 SNMP Monitoring
• Managed Device: A network node that contains an SNMP agent that resides on a managed network. Managed devices collect and store management information and use SNMP to make this information available to the NMS. Managed devices, sometimes called network elements, can include routers and access servers, switches and bridges, hubs, computer hosts, and printers.
• Agent: A network management software module that resides in a managed device. An agent has local knowledge of management information and translates that information into a form compatible with SNMP.
• NMS: Executes applications that monitor and control managed devices. NMSs provide most of the processing and memory resources required for network management. Every managed network must have one or more NMS.
• Router and Interface Health
• Call Traffic Reports
– Trunk utilization and H.323/SIP Session Capacity
– Call arrival rate
– Call success/failure statistics
– SIP retries statistics
– Transcoding Session Capacity and DSP Utilization
– MTP Session Capacity
• Licensing and Call Admission Control
• Voice Quality: Statistics on packet loss, delay and jitter that can be calculated into metrics such as ICPIF, MOS and R-factor scores
2.4.1 Router and Interface Health
• Router Inventory and Health: CPU, memory, flash, modules, software image and release, etc.
• Interface Health: General IOS router interfaces, status and packet traffic statistics.
Table 2. CISCO-PROCESS-MIB
New/Changed |
Platform |
Use/Operation |
cpmCPUTotal5minRev |
126.96.36.199.184.108.40.206.22.214.171.124.1.8 |
Original IOS |
All |
Health |
Table 3. CISCO-MEMORY-POOL-MIB
New/Changed |
Platform |
Use/Operation |
ciscoMemoryPoolEntry |
126.96.36.199.188.8.131.52.126.96.36.199 |
Baseline |
All |
Health Monitoring |
Table 4. IF-MIB
2.4.2 SIP Trunk Status
2.4.3 Call Traffic Statistics
• Trunk utilization, both real-time and historical
• Capacity planning
• Troubleshooting
• Highlighting errors occurring in call routing or call handling that may indicate a network outage, dial-plan deficiencies, or perhaps an architectural call flow that is not implemented correctly
• Detecting call spikes, caused by both normal (an uptick in traffic due to an advertisement or other business event) and malicious (a SIP DOS attack) traffic patterns
• Trunk utilization and H.323/SIP session capacity statistics
• Call arrival rate statistics
• Call success/failure statistics
• SIP error and timeout/retry statistics
• DSP utilization and transcoding session capacity
• MTP utilization and session capacity
• CISCO-CALL-HISTORY-MIB (this MIB is only populated for ISDN calls on TDM voice gateways and therefore does not apply to Cisco UBE and will not be discussed further here.)
• Currently Active Calls: Real-time statistics of call activity
• Call History: Historical statistics after calls have disconnected (similar to CDR)
Table 5. CISCO IOS MIBs that Contain Active Call Information
Table 6. CISCO IOS MIBs that Contain Historical Call Information
22.214.171.124 Real-Time Trunk Utilization
• RFC-2128 information
• Monitoring of active calls on a particular dial peer
• Packet received/transmitted statistics for active calls
Table 7. Real-Time Trunk Utilization: DIAL-CONTROL-MIB
• Protocol (H.323 or SIP)
• Dial-Peer
• Interface
Table 8. Real-Time Trunk Utilization: CISCO-VOICE-DIAL-CONTROL-MIB
• H.323 (1) call statistics are in the CvCallVolConnActiveConnection.1 (188.8.131.52.126.96.36.199.126.96.36.199.220.127.116.11) OID
• SIP(2) call statistics are in the CvCallVolConnActiveConnection.2 (126.96.36.199.188.8.131.52.18.104.22.168.126.96.36.199) OID
• Incoming call statistics for dial-peer 200 are in the cvCallVolPeerIncomingCalls.200 (220.127.116.11.22.214.171.124.18.104.22.168.126.96.36.199) OID
• Outgoing call statistics for dial-peer 200 are in cvCallVolPeerOutgoingCalls.200 (188.8.131.52.220.127.116.11.184.108.40.206.188.8.131.52) OID
• Incoming call statistics for interface 5 are in the cvCallVolMediaIncomingCalls.5 (188.8.131.52.22.214.171.124.126.96.36.199.184.108.40.206) OID
• Outgoing call statistics for interface 5 are in cvCallVolMediaOutgoingCalls.5 (22.214.171.124.188.8.131.52.18.104.22.168.188.8.131.52) OID
Table 9. CISCO-VOICE-DIAL-CONTROL-MIB cvCallVolume Information
188.8.131.52 Historical Trunk Utilization
Table 10. Historical Trunk Utilization MIB Information
126.96.36.199 Call Arrival Rate
Table 11. Call Arrival Rate MIB Information
New/Changed |
Platform |
cvCallRateMonitor |
126.96.36.199.220.127.116.11.22.214.171.124 |
ISR G1, ISR G2, AS5x00 |
Table 12. Call Arrival Rate: CISCO-VOICE-DIAL-CONTROL-MIB
126.96.36.199 Call Success/Failure Statistics
Table 13. Call Success/Failure MIB Information
• Success
– dialCtlPeerStatsSuccessCalls (220.127.116.11.188.8.131.52.184.108.40.206.3)
– dialCtlPeerStatsAcceptCalls (184.108.40.206.18.104.22.168.220.127.116.11.5)
• Failure
– dialCtlPeerStatsFailCalls (126.96.36.199.184.108.40.206.188.8.131.52.4)
– dialCtlPeerStatsRefuseCalls (188.8.131.52.188.8.131.52.184.108.40.206.6)
• Success
– cSipStatsSuccess (126.96.36.199.22.214.171.124.184.108.40.206)
– cSipStatsRedirect 188.8.131.52.22.214.171.124.188.8.131.52
• Failure
– cSipStatsErrClient 188.8.131.52.126.96.36.199.220.127.116.11 (4xx errors)
– cSipStatsErrServer 184.108.40.206.220.127.116.11.22.214.171.124 (5xx errors)
– cSipStatsGlobalFail 220.127.116.11.188.8.131.52.188.8.131.52 (6xx errors)
• Retry/Timeouts
– cSipStatsRetry 18.104.22.168.184.108.40.206.220.127.116.11 (retries/timeouts)
Table 14. CISCO-SIP-UA-MIB MIB Fields for 4xx, 5xx and 6xx SIP Responses
126.96.36.199 Transcoding Session Capacity and DSP Utilization
• Total Statistics
– Transcoding sessions configured
– Transcoding sessions used
– Transcoding session available (unused)
• Per-Profile Transcoding Statistics
– Transcoding sessions configured
– Transcoding sessions used
– Transcoding session available (unused)
Note: The OIDs in this section are currently supported only on the Cisco ISR and AS5000 Series platforms.
Table 15. Transcoding Session Capacity and DSP Utilization MIB Information
• cdspTotAvailTranscodeSess - cdspTotUnusedTranscodeSess
• cdspTranscodeProfileMaxConfSess - cdspTranscodeProfileMaxAvailSess
184.108.40.206 MTP Session Capacity and DSP Utilization
• Total Statistics
– MTP sessions configured
– MTP sessions used
– MTP session available (unused)
• Per-Profile MTP Statistics
– MTP sessions configured
– MTP sessions used
– MTP session available (unused)
Table 16. Transcoding Session Capacity and DSP Utilization MIB Information
• cdspTotAvailMtpSess - cdspTotUnusedMtpSess
• cdspMtpProfileMaxConfHardSess - cdspMtpProfileMaxAvailHardSess
2.4.4 Licensing and Call Admission Control
2.4.5 Voice Quality MIBs
Table 17. Voice Quality: CISCO-VOICE-DIAL-CONTROL-MIB
Table 18. Voice Quality: RTTMON MIBs
2.5 SNMP Traps
2.6 Syslog Messages
• Header: Contains the date and time information along with the IP address or the computer name from which the message has originated.
• Message: Includes the program or subsystem name and the message. The program or subsystem name and the message are separated by a colon.
• CALL_CONTROL Messages
• CALL_MGMT Messages
• CALLRECORD Messages
• CALLTREAT Messages
• CALLTREAT_NOSIGNAL Messages
• CCH323 Messages
• CCM Messages
• CSM Messages
• CSM_TGRM Messages
• CSM_TRUNK_MGR Messages
• CSM_VOICE Messages
• DSMP Messages
• DSP_CONN Messages
• DSPDUMP Messages
• DSPFARM Messages
• DSPRM Messages
• FLEX_DNLD Messages
• FLEXDSPRM Messages
• GK Messages
• HWCONF Messages
• HWECAN Messages
• IVR Messages
• IVR_MSB Messages
• IVR_NOSIGNALING Messages
• PVDM Messages
• PVDM2 Messages
• PVDM2_DM Messages
• PVDMPWR Messages
• SIP Messages
• VOICE_CODEC Messages
• VOICE_ELOG Messages
• VOICE_FILE_ACCT Messages
• VOICE_IEC Messages
• VOICE_RC Messages
• VOICE_UTIL Messages
• VOIPAAA Messages
• VOIPFIB Messages
• VOIP_RTP Messages
• VTSP Messages
Table 19. Syslog Error Message Severity Levels
2.7 Embedded Event Manager (EEM)
2.7.1 SIP Trunk Status
Table 20. Cisco IOS IP SLAs Operations and Applications
2.9 NetFlow
3 Supported Management Applications
Table 21. Supported Management Applications
Management Application |
Applicable Operations Phase(s) |
Application Description |
Support |
Website |
Cisco Applications |
Cisco Configuration Professional (CCP) |
Staging, Provisioning, On-going changes |
A GUI device management tool for Cisco IOS® Software-based access routers. It simplifies router, firewall, IPS, VPN, unified communications, WAN, and basic LAN configuration through easy-to-use wizards |
Yes (v2.3) |
Cisco Configuration Engine (CCE) |
Staging, Deployment |
A network management software solution that provides a highly distributive delivery system for configuration updates and device image upgrades to thousands of devices |
Yes (as a router) |
Cisco Works LMS |
Monitoring, Troubleshooting, Change Management |
Simplifies the configuration, administration, monitoring, and troubleshooting of Cisco networks |
Yes (as a router) |
Cisco Works NCM |
Change Management |
Supporting configuration of a new product/feature |
No |
Cisco Security Manager (CSM) |
Staging, Monitoring, Troubleshooting for Security |
Security management (configuration and event management) across a wide range of Cisco security appliances |
No |
Cisco Unified Operations Manager (CUOM) |
Monitoring and Troubleshooting for Voice |
Features out-of-the-box, real-time, service-level monitoring of all system elements. It performs automatic discovery for the entire system and provides diagnostics for rapid troubleshooting |
Yes (v2.2) |
Cisco Unified Provisioning Manager (CUPM) |
Staging for Voice |
Supports the implementation of Cisco Unified Communications, as well as ongoing, simplified operational provisioning and activation services for individual subscriber changes |
Future |
Cisco Unified Service Monitor (CUSM) |
Monitoring for Voice |
Monitors active calls supported by the Cisco Unified Communications System and provides near real-time notification when the voice quality of a call, fails to meet a user-defined quality threshold |
No |
CiscoWorks QoS Policy Manager |
Staging and Monitoring for QoS |
Supports centralized management of network quality of service (QoS) as well as QoS provisioning and monitoring capabilities |
Yes |
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/sw/cscowork/ps2064/index.html |
Cisco License Manager (CLM) |
Staging for IOS License, Change Management |
Manages Cisco IOS Software activation and license management for a wide range of Cisco platforms running IOS as well as other operating systems |
Yes |
3rd Party Applications |
CA eHealth |
Performance Monitoring, Reporting |
A performance management solution that ensures quality of service across your entire infrastructure |
No |
CA Spectrum |
Fault Monitoring |
An integrated management solution for business service management, fault isolation and root cause analysis, and network configuration management |
No |
EMC Smarts |
Performance Monitoring, Reporting |
Automates real-time analysis of network connectivity problems and provides the critical lead time needed to address network performance problems |
No |
EMC Voyence |
Change Management |
Automates the entire configuration management lifecycle, including Design, Change and Compliance |
No |
Arcana iManage |
Provisioning, Monitoring, Change Management |
A provisioning and monitoring solution to help companies deploy advanced services based on the Cisco Integrated Services Router and Unified Communications platforms |
Yes |
Solarwinds |
Fault and Performance Monitoring |
Offers network managers a comprehensive and easy-to-understand view of network health-from fault and performance monitoring to configuration and IP address management |
Yes |
InfoVista |
Performance Monitoring |
A network performance management and service assurance solution that enables telcos and enterprises to effectively meet and exceed performance expectations and service-level guarantees for today's communications technologies and services |
No |
4 Management Recommendations
4.1 Provisioning Recommendations
4.1.1 Command Line (CLI)
4.1.2 Graphical (GIU)
4.2 SIP Trunk Security Recommendations
• Denial of Service (DOS): Overrunning the system with traffic
• Identify and Service Theft: A rogue endpoint masquerading a legitimate endpoint and thereby using network services such as making toll calls
• Privacy: Unauthorized listening to, or recording of, calls
4.2.1 Service Provider (SP) SIP Trunk Security
• Access Lists (ACLs) to Allow/Deny Explicit Sources of Calls: Permit traffic only from the service provider SBC on the outside, and only the valid call agent(s) on the inside of the network. No other endpoint or source should be able to make or receive calls to Cisco UBE.
• CAC to Limit Call Arrival Rates and Max Active Calls: Deploy total call limits, per dial-peer call limits, call spike detection and CPU protection against potential SIP DOS attacks.
• Toll Fraud Lock-Down: Ensure that only legitimate endpoints can make authorized toll calls via Cisco UBE.
• SIP Listen Port: Change the default 5060 SIP port to another port number.
• SIP Registration: A SP SIP trunk requiring a registration sequence is more secure than one that doesn't. However, many SPs do not currently support or offer SIP registration.
• SIP Digest Authentication: Cisco UBE responds to SIP Digest Authentication challenges from a SP call agent.
• SIP Hostname Validation: In addition to ACLs, this configuration can further limit the sources of traffic accepted by Cisco UBE.
• PPI/PAI: SP SIP trunks that offer P-Preferred-Identity (PPI) or P-Asserted-Identity (PAI) as per RFC3325 are more secure than those that do not. Configure these features if they are available from your SIP trunk SP. These features can be configured either at the global level or per dial-peer as given below. If the SIP trunk SP and your enterprise call agent both support these headers, then Cisco UBE can just pass them through. If your call agent does not support them, or you wish to translate one header type to another before handing them off to the SP, then use these features on Cisco UBE to do so.
• Firewall: The IOS Firewall may be collocated with Cisco UBE on the same router to provide IP protection for non-SIP traffic if an external firewall is not already deployed.
• Tcl: Tcl scripting applications can be configured on Cisco UBE dial-peers to do additional security checks before allowing or denying a call. Checks can be done against a short list of numbers held locally in router memory, or checks can be done against an external server or database. In this way, whitelist/blacklist applications can be built. Tcl scripts can also be written to query the caller for a PIN or authorization code before allowing the call.
• Encryption: Signaling (TLS) and media (Secure RTP, SRTP) encryption: SP SIP trunks providers do not offer TLS/SRTP encryption today, but may do so in future. Cisco UBE supports TLS to non-TLS connections and SRTP.
• Monitor CDR: Whether or not actual accounting information is required, it is recommended to monitor CDR from Cisco UBE to scan for call patterns and volumes that may indicate unauthorized use. Some toll fraud hackers bypass the enterprise call agent for the very purpose of not having their calls show up in the call agent CDR/billing records and instead address their fraudulent calls directly to the PRI gateway or SBC-therefore monitoring CDR from the gateway/SBC itself is important to see these call patterns. Also for call patterns where the hacker is on the PSTN and hairpins a call through your PRI gateway or SBC back out to the PSTN-these calls never hit your call agent and do not show up in call agent CDR.
4.2.2 Toll Fraud Security
• ACLs
• SIP listen port change
• Tcl
• Explicit Incoming and Outgoing Dial-Peers: The more explicit you can make the "incoming called-number" (for an incoming dial-peer) or "destination-pattern" (outgoing dial-peer) the more secure it is. Avoid use of default incoming dial-peer 0 which is promiscuous and allows all incoming connections.
• Trunk Access Codes Using Translation Rules: Protect calls to expensive PSTN destinations or undesirable locations (perhaps international calls, calls to certain countries, etc.) with trunk access codes in front of the PSTN direct dial string. These codes can be transparent to your legitimate user base by inserting the code at your call agent (e.g. 89923 for calls to country-X) and deleting the code at Cisco UBE before passing the call to the PSTN. The use of this precludes a hacker directly addressing the SIP trunk and dialing direct to expensive locations (while bypassing your call agent).
• Close Unused H.323/SIP Ports and Transport Mechanisms: By default these ports are open when a voice-enabled software load is deployed on the router (either as a PRI gateway or Cisco UBE).
4.2.3 New Security Operation in Cisco IOS 15.1.2T
4.3 Monitoring Recommendations
• Router Inventory and Health
• Interface Health
• SIP Trunk Status
• Call Traffic
– Trunk utilization and H.323/SIP Session Capacity
– Call arrival rate
– Call success/failure statistics
– SIP retries statistics
– Transcoding Session Capacity and DSP Utilization
– Media Termination Point (MTP) Session Capacity
• Licensing and Call Admission Control
• Voice Quality
• Billing/CDR
Table 22. Key "show" Commands on Cisco UBE
4.4 Troubleshooting Recommendations
4.4.1 General
• Configure "logging buffer 10000000" and "no logging console"
• Enter the "clear logging" command
• Perform the test
• Collect the logs using following two commands
– term length 0
– show logging
Table 23. Key "debug" Commands on Cisco UBE
4.4.2 High-Traffic-Volume Troubleshooting (PCD)
• SIP 4xx, 5xx and 6xx error messages
• Q.850 cause codes
• CAC limits
– Call treatment - cause code busy
– Call treatment - cause code noQos
– Call treatment - cause code no-resource
4.4.3 SIP Ladder Diagrams
Note: The exec cmds don't appear until a profile has been configured.
Note: Allows filtering of calling/called numbers when creating the flow graph.
5 Glossary
• AAA: Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting
• ACL: Access List
• ASR: Aggregation Services Routers
• CAC: Call Admission Control
• CDR: Call Detail Record
• CCE: Cisco Configuration Engine
• CCP: Cisco Configuration Professional
• CLI: Command Line Interface
• CLM: Cisco License Manager
• CUBE: Cisco Unified Border Element
• CUCM: Cisco Unified Communications Manager
• CUOM: Cisco Unified Operations Manager
• DOS: Denial of Service
• DSP: Digital Signal Processing
• DTMF: Dual-tone Multi Frequency
• EEM: Embedded Event Manager
• FQDN: Fully Qualified Domain Name
• GK: Gatekeeper
• GUI: Graphical User Interface
• GW: Gateway
• HA: High Availability
• HSRP: Hot Standby Router Protocol
• ICPIF: Calculated Planning Impairment Factor
• ISR: Integrated Services Router
• ISR G2: Integrated Services Router Generation 2
• LMS: LAN Management Solution
• MIB: Management Information Base
• MOS: Mean Opinion Score
• MTP: Media Termination Point
• NTP: Network Time Protocol
• OID: Object identifier
• OOD: Out of Dialog
• PBX: Private Branch Exchange
• PCD: Per Call Debugging
• PDD: Post Dial Delay
• PSTN: Public Switched Telephone Networks
• QoS: Quality of Service
• RADIUS: Remote Authentication Dial-in User Service
• RAI: Resource Availability Indicator
• RPID: Remote Party ID
• RSVP: Resource Reservation Protocol
• RTP: Real-time Protocol
• SBC: Session Border Controller
• SCCP: Skinny Client Control Protocol
• SIP: Session Initiation Protocol
• SLA: Service Level Agreement
• SNMP: Simple Network Management Protocol
• SP: Service Provider
• SRTP: Secure RTP
• Tcl: Tool Command Language
• TCP: Transmission Control Protocol
• TDM: Time Division Multiplexing
• TLS: Transport Layer Security
• UC: Unified Communications
• UDP: User Datagram Protocol
• UNI: User to Network Interface
• URI: Universal Resource Identifier
• VAD: Voice Activity Detection
6 References
• Cisco UBE on Cisco.com
• Cisco Communications Transformations Whitepapers > Section on Whitepapers
• Cisco Interoperability Portal > Cisco Unified Border Element (CUBE)/SIP Trunking Solutions
• Cisco UBE IOS Configuration Documentation
• Cisco UBE IOS Configuration Application Notes and Examples Documentation
• Cisco IOS Voice Command Reference
• Cisco SRND Portal (CUCM and CVP SIP Trunk Documentation)
– CVP 7.0 SIP Trunk Integration
• Cisco.com MIB Locator tool
• Cisco.com SNMP Object Navigator tool


text:
I know the topic of flotation has been discussed numerous times. However, after reading "Gerts" comments in the Designs/Plans section, it reminds me of the importance of flotation.
First off, I am "by no means" an expert in boat construction. Heck, it has taken me three years to reach the point where I am finally ready to put the decking on my 15' runabout. Before, I do that it seems like this would be the ideal time to add some flotation.
My two cents worth:
Just because most small wood boats won't sink, doesn't mean that floatation is not needed. As Gert pointed out the "Shearwater" design didn't sink but it could not be bailed.
Especially in cold water, being stuck hanging on to your boat is potentially tragic.
My observation is that a great many builders (of small boats)do not add the flotation. I am not sure why, but maybe its because we all figure it will not happen to us.
As I mentioned above I know that this subject has been discussed before. But there does not seem to be much concensus of ideas. In fact, some of the ideas seem like they could be downright dangerous.
I have seen floation ideas ranging from ping pong balls, fun noodles, styrofoam, air bags and sealed compartments. Obviously every method has its pros and cons.
My own (again not expert) ideas are that styrofoam is the most readily available but is not acceptable if petroleum is on board. Ideas like ping pong balls are not very effective as they waste too much valuable space to match the effectiveness of solid foam. Sealed compartments can be a problem if they are damaged in the event that causes the boat to capsize.
So after much thought I am considering buying the two-part foams available from some marine supply houses. I think these are usually urethane, but I am not positive about that. I am not sure it is a good idea to pour these foams directly into voids in the boat as I think that might promote rot due to lack of ventilation. Therefore, I am thinking about casting my own foam blocks in a separate container and cutting them to fit various suitable spaces in the boat. The only thing I haven't figured out is how to secure the foam so it doesn't float away when it is most needed!
Sorry if I have rambled on here. But with all the expertise on this Forum, I think more discussion would be valuable. I know I would appreciate it.
Thanks everyone.


text:
New York City Aquavit Hotels + MANHATTAN EAST SUITES + included with the room
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text:
Stan Holford
Stan belongs to: The Diving Centre Ltd
Stan became fascinated with diving from an early age from reading stories about the frogmen. He started The Diving Centre Ltd in 1959.
Stan was interviewed by Carl Greenwood on 7 November 2005. The interview took place at the Interviewee's living room and lasted 1 hour, 27 minutes and 45 seconds.
Starting The Diving Centre
"By that time I had accumulated an aqualung- an aqualung as per what you would class as an aqualung today"
By that time I had accumulated an aqualung- an aqualung as per what you would class as an aqualung today, and unfortunately the air containers that we used in them days were only little tubs- 40 cubic foot bottles. But even with this stuff when we used to come out, exiting the North Sea, at whatever point, whether it was at St Marys Island, Beadnell, wherever, crowds used to gather because you were like a man from Mars. And the questions that used to be fired at you then were whats it like underneath there?, how can we see it? And I realised that there was an opening there for teaching these people, that maybe there was a business here. And thats how the diving centre in Newcastle started in 1959.
As I say, diving, scuba diving, Self-Contained Underwater Breathing Apparatus as it was known was so much in its infancy that talking to the bank manager, you were just shown the door straight away. So literally it had to be done on a shoe string and trying to earn a living at sports diving in those days was, well it just couldnt be done. But I formed another company at the same particular time as the diving centre called Trail-a-boat Ltd with the idea of hiring a boat that you could trail behind your car- Trail-a-boat Ltd. And we did manage to keep going and build the diving side up on the back of hiring boats, canoes etc and it was success.
Stan has 19 memories in the memorynet:
Stan's memories with a Equipment theme:
- Starting The Diving Centre
- Early wetsuits
- Commercial diving gear
- Commercial diving
- Treasure Hunt
- Hard hat
Stan's other memories:
This memory has these themes:
Change | Equipment | Leisure | Lifestyles
Use this form to add your comment to the memorynet:


text:
Services Included
- Sony 27″ TV
- Bose Wave Radio
- DVD Player
- Air Conditioning
- CD player & Music Selections
- Robes & amenities
- Full Breakfast
- Guest Computer
- Comp. Private phones
- Free WIFI Throughout
- Premium bedding & linens
- Sitting room, bedroom & bath
- Afternoon wine & cheese
- Highspeed Internet
- Full Cable
This 3-room suite occupies one side of the second floor. Its sitting room has a comfortable arm chair and ottoman with standing reading lamp, a closet with robes for your convenience, a writing desk and a generous view of the field and forest across the road. The bedroom, with queen bed and twin wall reading lamps, offers a view of the courtyard and woods.
The entertainment armoire houses a 27″ Sony TV with full cable, and a DVD player. There is a Bose Wave Radio / CD Player on the bureau with a collection of music for your enjoyment in the suite. The bathroom is equipped with a large two-headed shower, a deep soaking tub with marble surround, and two sinks. The suite is air conditioned by a state-of-the-art remote control Mitsubishi air conditioning wall unit.


text:
Apollo 9 Completes Spacewalk
After Apollo 9's launch on March 3, 1969, the crew communicates with Mission Control from space. The Apollo 9 mission was a crucial test run for the Apollo 11 moon landing three months later.
Related Speeches & Audio (10)
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After Apollo 9's launch on March 3, 1969, the crew communicates with Mission Control from space. The Apollo 9 mission was a crucial test run for the Apollo 11 moon landing three months later.
Flight of Faith 7 Spacecraft
Flight of Faith 7 SpacecraftAudio Clip (2:02)
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Thirty minutes into the Faith 7 spaceflight, a NASA spokesperson recaps the trajectory of the craft after it was launched into orbit just after 8:00 a.m. on May 16, 1963. On board was Gordon Cooper, who became the first American astronaut to spend over 24 hours in space.
Christmas Eve Broadcast to Earth
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On December 24, 1968, astronauts Frank Borman, Jim Lovell and Bill Anders entered into lunar orbit aboard the Apollo 8 spacecraft. That evening, in a live radio and television transmission, Borman reads a passage from the Book of Genesis.
Apollo 1 Tragedy
Apollo 1 TragedyAudio Clip (0:41)
Audio Clip (0:41)
At a press conference the day after the January 27, 1967, Apollo 1 accident, a NASA spokesperson explains the cause of the flash fire that broke out inside the cabin of the spacecraft during a launch pad test. The vehicle was being prepared for the first piloted space flight. The tragedy ended in the deaths of all three astronauts on board: Lt. Col. Virgil I. Grissom, Lt. Col. Edward H. White and Roger B. Chaffee.
John F. Kennedy Sets Sights on Moon
John F. Kennedy Sets Sights on MoonAudio Clip (1:18)
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In an address at Rice University on September 12, 1962, President John F. Kennedy rallies support for the race to space by telling his fellow Americans that the reason we endeavor to go to the moon is "not because it is easy, but because it is hard."
Final Apollo Mission Leaves Moon
Final Apollo Mission Leaves MoonAudio Clip (1:26)
Audio Clip (1:26)
In December 1972, Apollo 17 communicates with Mission Control on the final trip to the moon, marking the end of the Apollo lunar landing program.
Ford Phones Apollo Astronauts
Ford Phones Apollo AstronautsAudio Clip (8:14)
Audio Clip (8:14)
On July 17, 1975, President Gerald Ford speaks by telephone to the Apollo astronauts following their rendezvous and docking with the Russian Soyuz spacecraft. This was the first joint orbital mission between the two superpowers, and it helped pave the way for further cooperation in the exploration of space.
Reagan on the Challenger Disaster
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On January 28, 1986, instead of delivering his scheduled State of the Union Address, President Ronald Reagan speaks to the American people about the space shuttle disaster that killed seven astronauts.
First American Woman in Space
First American Woman in SpaceAudio Clip (0:50)
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Sally Ride becomes the first American woman in space when the shuttle Challenger takes off on June 18, 1983. The historical moment is noted in communication just after liftoff.
First Space Shuttle Launched
First Space Shuttle LaunchedAudio Clip (3:00)
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On April 12, 1981, NASA launched the world's first reusable manned spacecraft. In the minutes before takeoff, Kennedy Space Center launch control communicates with astronauts John Young and Robert Crippen as they prepare to take Columbia on its first test flight into space and back.
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Buzz Aldrin on First Moon Landing
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Crew of Gemini VIII Trains in Zero Gravity
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In a History Uncut video, watch as the crew aboard the Gemini VIII have fun experiencing zero gravity in March of 1966.
John Glenn Orbits the Earth
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The First Space Shuttle Flight
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text:
Good morning! 'Sex Cereal' claims to increase your sexual desire
Posted: 03/19/2013
Last Updated:
265 days ago
There's a new cereal on the market that claims to boost your libido.
According to the Daily Mail, it's called "Sex Cereal" and the granola is said to balance your hormone levels the natural way, therefore increasing your sexual performance.
Ingredients like bee pollen, black sesame, blueberries and pumpkin seeds are meant to help men's performance.
For the ladies, ginger sunflower seeds, almonds and flax seeds apparently have the same effect.
Both varieties of the cereal cost around $13, and are currently available online and in Canada.
The maker of the product says he hopes to expand his distribution.
You can read the full article here.
Copyright 2013 Scripps Media, Inc. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed.


text:
Father: Douw Jellis FONDA b: 22 AUG 1700 Mother: Maritje Heemstraat VROOMAN b: 24 MAR 1698 Marriage 1 Neeltje Eleanor BRIESE b: 18 MAR 1738
RootsWeb.com, Inc. is NOT responsible for the content of the GEDCOMs uploaded through the WorldConnect Program. If you have a problem with a particular entry, please contact the submitter of said entry. You have full control over your GEDCOM. You can change or remove it at any time.


text:
This program is designed for the person who plans to return to the farm or ranch to pursue a career working in the livestock production industry. The curriculum stresses production techniques that can be applied immediately to the livestock enterprise. Basic academic courses are included to provide a well-rounded education.
Upon completion of the program a student will:
Read Catalog [3]
Careers: Livestock handler, Cowboy, Farm Hand, Ranch hand, Farrowing Worker, Herdsman, Milking Worker, Vaccinator, Breeding Technician, Egg Gatherer, Dairy Farmer, Rancher, Beef Farm Operator, Cattleman.
More career info: Farmworkers, Farm and Ranch Animals, [4]Farmers and Ranchers [5]
Program Costs for 2013-14:
Tuition/Fees: $3,112.50 In-District; $4,275 Out-of-District; $5,685 WUE; $9,165 Out-of-State; $7,087.50 Canadian Exchange
On-Campus Room/Board: $3,700
Books/Supplies: $1,261.60
Other: None
Job placement rates: Not available as these are not required by the state of Montana or the Northwest Commission on Colleges and Universities.
To protect student privacy, data on completion rates and debt incurred is not provided for those programs that had less than 10 graduates.
[1] http://www.dawson.edu/content/livestock-technology
[2] http://www.dawson.edu/javascript:void(0);
[3] http://www.dawson.edu/catalog#livestock_tech
[4] http://www.onetonline.org/link/summary/45-2093.00
[5] http://www.onetonline.org/link/summary/11-9012.00


text:
Thursday night we heard from a Glasgow Girl who rose from reporter to weeknight anchor in less than three years!
Allison Gardner Martin tells us the thing she remembers most from
working at WBKO from 1996 to 1999, and how impressed she is at the impact the station has on its viewers!
Updated: 06/10/2013 - CHING-YI-LIN HAS MANY TITLES... AMONG THEM... BEING A WORLD CLASS VIOLINIST. YET HER GREATEST ROLE... IS BRINGING HER PASSION FOR MUSIC TO HER STUDENTS IN THE BOWLING GREEN COMMUNITY. ¤2 ]] C1.5 G 0 [[ TALENT=GENE ¶GENE: OUR LINDSEY YATES SPOKE WITH CHING-YI... ABOUT LIFE LESSONS SHE HAS BEEN TAUGHT THROUGH PLAYING THE VIOLIN. AND HOW SHE HOPES TO INSTILL THOSE TRAITS IN HER STUDENTS. CHING YI LIN.
Updated: 06/10/2013 - Courtney Davis, the founder of Ingen Art Gallery and Studio, sits down to talk with us about her motivations for turning her dream into a reality.
Updated: 08/15/2012 - A local dentist answered the "Is there a doctor on board?" page on an United Airlines flight, and became a Hometown Hero.
Posted: 06/15/2012 - Board of Regents approves increase.


text:
2013 NFL Draft Stock - Week 8
This section highlights which players have improved or worsened their 2013 NFL Draft stock as the draft approaches.
By Charlie Campbell.
Send Charlie an e-mail here: firstname.lastname@example.com
Follow Charlie on Twitter @draftcampbell for updates.
2013 NFL Draft Stock Up
Damontre Moore, DE, Texas A&M
While Sam Montgomery and Barkevious Mingo have bigger names, Aggies junior defensive end Damontre Moore was the most impressive defensive player in the LSU vs Texas A&M game. He defended the run really well against the Fighting Tigers. Moore was tough at the point of attack and made a number of tackles in pursuit. He recorded a sack with a rush to the inside at the end of the first quarter by being too fast and strong for LSU's third string left tackle. Quarterback Zach Mettenberg stepped up to buy a moment, but Moore quickly changed direction to run down Mettenberg from behind.
Moore later put another hit on Mettenberger to cause an incompletion. Moore hurt his ankle in the second quarter, but gutted it out and was hobbling around between plays. He played well despite the injury, totaling 10 tackles, two tackles for a loss, one sack and a pass batted.
Moore has been the most consistent pass-rushers in college football this season and leads the nation with 9.5 sacks. He has more sacks this year than Montgomery and Mingo combined. Perhaps even more impressive than that, Moore leads his team with 62 tackles, 14 more than the next closest defender. He has 17 tackles for a loss, two passes broken up, a blocked kick and a forced fumble.
Moore played the joker outside linebacker in a 3-4 defense prior to this season, the same position at Texas A&M that Von Miller used to play. Moore is playing traditional defensive end this year. The 6-foot-4, 250-pounder needs to add more weight for the NFL, but he looks like a future first-rounder.
Luke Joeckel, OT, Texas A&M
Joeckel had a dominant performance against LSU in what was his biggest test of the season. He drew defensive end Sam Montgomery, a potential high first-round pick, and rose to the occasion. Joeckel had great pass protection against Montgomery all day. Joeckel was very quick in his drop to mirror speed rushes, and he had no issues with stonewalling bull rushes. Joeckel had a lot of success blocking Montgomery in the ground game, including a short touchdown run for the Aggies that went behind him.
Joeckel's shutting down of Montgomery confirmed that he is the top tackle prospect for the 2013 NFL Draft. The 6-foot-6, 310-pound Joeckel could use more weight, but he's a true junior who is only 20 years old, so he has plenty of time to get bigger. Joeckel's performance against LSU he showed that he is worthy of consideration in the top half of the first round.
Dion Jordan, DE, Oregon
Jordan was excellent against Arizona State. He recorded a sack in the first quarter on a speed rush around the edge. The 6-foot-7, 243-pounder showed impressive agility to drop his shoulder and get low around the corner. Many defenders with Jordan's height struggle with that kind of agility, but he has demonstrated the ability to play low.
Jordan later had a good open field tackle after dropping in coverage on the quarterback, laying a hard hit. Jordan also had a near sack after beating the right tackle with a speed rush, but the quarterback broke his attempt to bring him down.
Jordan got home for his second sack in the second quarter. It was an impressive rush as he burst off the snap and used a right-armed rip move to get the right tackle's hands off of him. Jordan totaled five tackles and two sacks against the Sun Devils.
The senior has totaled 29 tackles, seven tackles for a loss, five sacks, two forced fumbles and one pass break up so far in 2012. His pass rushing opportunities are reduced by the Ducks consistently dropping him into coverage. They also blow out so many teams out that he doesn't typically play four quarters because the backups come in.
Jordan needs to add weight and strength to shed blocks. Linemen can have success when they get their hands on him. He is only a fit as a 3-4 outside linebacker for the NFL unless he can add 20 pounds. Jordan really helped his cause against Arizona State with a good tape of his pass-rushing skills.
Chase Thomas, OLB, Stanford
Thomas has had a bigger impact in games this season than his stats illustrate. He had a big performance against California both in terms of statistics and impact. Thomas was extremely disruptive and took up residence in the Golden Bears' backfield.
Thomas fired into the backfield on the second play from scrimmage on a perimeter run to make a tackle for a loss of five yards. He had a sack-fumble on the next play after beating the left tackle with a spin move to blast quarterback Zach Maynard. A California running back fumbled the ball later in the first half and Thomas scooped it up to return it for a few yards before falling to the ground. He came close to a number of other sacks and had a consistent day as a pass-rusher. Thomas totaled seven tackles with three tackles for a loss, one sack, one forced fumble and his fumble return.
The redshirt senior has 45 tackles, 9.5 tackles for a loss, three sacks, one forced fumble and one interception this season. He has been more disruptive than the numbers indicate. Thomas (6-4, 248) is a perfect for a 3-4 defense with the ability to play inside and outside linebacker. He is a bit of a sleeper prospect who could have a late rise in the same way that Boise State's Shea McClellin did last year. Right now, Thomas looks like a second-rounder.
Joseph Randle, RB, Oklahoma State
Randle took on one of the better defenses in the Big XII against Iowa State. The Cyclones feature two good college linebackers, Jake Knott and A.J. Klein, but Randle proved to have a higher level of talent. He stiff-armed Knott away on a short catch early on to get another five yards after the catch. Randle then scored a four-yard touchdown on the drive. He exploded in the second half with a 12-yard touchdown. Randle put the game away in the fourth quarter with a 62-yard run straight up the middle. He totaled 153 yards and two score on 24 carries.
Randle has gone under the radar to a degree over the past few seasons because Oklahoma State has featured such a dynamic passing attack. Brandon Weeden and Justin Blackmon received all the attention last year, but Randle still ran for 24 touchdowns. He is averaging six yards per carry with 765 yards and eight touchdowns through six games in 2012.
The 6-foot-1, 200-pound Randle is a physical runner with elusiveness and speed to break off long touchdown runs. He has three-down ability for the NFL and looks like an early-round pick in the 2013 NFL Draft.
Zach Ertz, TE, Stanford
Ertz dominated the Golden Bears' defense, which incapable of defending him. He started the day with a catch of about 15 yards after running over a couple of defenders. Ertz ran an out route on the next possession and got wide open. He then exploded down the field for a gain of 68 yards to the California 10-yard line to set up a touchdown catch by backup tight end Levine Toilolo.
Ertz caught a slant for a 20-yard touchdown. It was a great route that saw him get nice separation in the middle of the field. He moved the chains with some receptions in the third quarter and the Golden Bears' defense was incapable of defending him. Ertz totaled 134 yards and a touchdown on six receptions. He was tremendous as a blocker on top of his play as a receiver. Ertz had some physical blocks to open up holes for Stepfan Taylor.
The 6-foot-6, 252-pounder has totaled 505 yards and three scores on 31 receptions in 2012. The junior is a solid second-day prospect who could rise higher because of his three-down ability.
Bjoern Werner, DE, Florida State
Werner started the season on fire with 6.5 sacks through the first three games. Offenses started sending extra blocking attention to Werner, so he went four games without a sack and made only one tackle for a loss.
Werner had a nice bounce-back performance against Miami. He was pressuring the quarterback and consistently getting up field. Werner totaled 1.5 sacks and three tackles. He also displayed nice instincts on a few plays including a screen pass for an incompletion.
Werner has 24 tackles, 11.5 tackles for a loss and eight sacks this season. He also has five passes broken up. Werner should have no issues producing a double digit sack total this season given the five or six games remaining for the Seminoles . Werner (6-4, 255) looks like a future first-round pick.
Jake Matthews, OT, Texas A&M
Matthews wasn't as dominant as Joeckel against LSU, but he still had a strong day blocking defensive end Barkevious Mingo. Matthews had some great blocks in the ground game, including some plays where he took care of Mingo and a defender on the second level.
Mingo had a sack in the game, but it didn't come against Matthews but rather the tight end. Mingo managed to get a hit on the quarterback going against Matthews once, but that was the result og Johnny Manziel scrambling right into Matthews and Mingo.
Mingo was probably the best pass-rusher who Matthews will face all season, so his stock should receive a boost with a quality outing against the speed-rusher. Matthews would be a left tackle for the vast majority of teams in college football. Some NFL teams could consider moving him to the blind side, just like the Cowboys did with Tyron Smith. Matthews looks like a future first-round pick and this outing helps confirm that.
Margus Hunt, DE, SMU
Hunt started the year slow against Baylor, but has really improved his play on a weekly basis. He has his best game of the year as a pass-rusher versus Houston. Hunt had two sacks and a plethora of quarterback hurries as he was was getting into the backfield around the quarterback all day. Hunt's run defense has improved and he had four tackles on Saturday.
Hunt's steady improvement over the season should really help take the risk away with his selection. Everybody knows that the 6-foot-8, 280-pounder is a physical freak with 17 career blocked kicks, but now he is adding to his game with improved play as a defensive end.
Hunt had three sacks on the season in 2011 and all of them came in the finale against Pittsburgh. He has sacks in four out of six games this year. Hunt has 18 tackles, five sacks and three blocked kicks in 2012. He should be an early-round selection in the 2013 NFL Draft.
Terrance Williams, WR, Baylor
The Texas defense has been a big disappointment this year, and Williams continued his tremendous senior season against the Longhorns. He caught 10 passes for 183 yards and a touchdown. Williams had an 80-yard touchdown after running a go route along the sideline. He set up another score with a 42-yard reception. Williams made a nice over the shoulder catch on that one.
The senior has totaled 47 receptions for 1,013 yards and nine touchdowns through only six games this season. He's on pace to have over 2,000 yards receiving, especially if Baylor can make it into a Bowl game. The 6-foot-2, 205-pound Williams is having a phenomenal year. He has been a source of long pass plays in addition to working the short and intermediate part of the field.
Williams has the ability to be a starting outside receiver as an X (split end) or a Z (flanker) in the NFL. His size, speed and production could make him a first-round pick in the 2013 NFL Draft.
Honorable Mentions: USC wide receiver Robert Woods, USC quarterback Matt Barkley, Notre Dame tight end Tyler Eifert, Alabama center Barrett Jones, Oregon running back Kenjon Barner, North Carolina running back Giovani Bernard and Stanford running back Stepfan Taylor.
2012 NFL Draft Stock Down
Sam Montgomery, DE, LSU
Montgomery was completely shut down by Aggies left tackle Luke Joeckel. Montgomery didn't even sniff the quarterback on his pass rushes and was a non-factor in run defense. He couldn't get pressure with his speed rushes or bull rushes as Joeckel blocked everything Montgomery threw at him. Montgomery finished the day with only two tackles, one solo.
The junior has been having a quality season with four sacks and 23 tackles through seven games. However, he had struggles against Florida and, now, Texas A&M. Montgomery can make up for it in his next game against Alabama, and still should be a first-round pick, but his performance against Joeckel could drop his draft stock.
Geno Smith, QB, West Virginia
Smith looked indecisive throughout the game against Kansas State. It looked like he didn't trust his own eyes. The signal-caller was holding onto the ball too long and declining to run the ball when he had some openings. The Wildcats followed Texas Tech's example and took away the deep part of the field. The Mountaineers' offense was ineffective once again without long pass plays.
Smith has really struggled to move the ball over the past two outings via short and intermediate passes. He came into the game against Kansas State without any interceptions on the season, but had two picks versus the Wildcats. One of them was a terrible telegraphed pass along the sideline. Smith completed 20-of-31 passes for 140 yards and two interceptions.
The senior has still produced some amazing numbers this year. He's completed 74 percent of his passes for 2,414 yards with 26 touchdowns and two interceptions. Those numbers mask the fact that Smith dominated the weak defenses West Virginia faced in its first five games of 2012. The last two performances could be real detriments to his stock.
It appears that defenses have figured Smith out by taking away the deep part of the field. He badly needs a bounce-back performance. Smith could still be a high first-round pick, but he needs to turn his play around quickly.
Dishonorable Mentions: Auburn defensive end Corey Lemonier and Michigan State running back Le'Veon Bell.
Leave a comment
02:26 pm
(total posts: 1)
, details make or break the argenumt.. And that couldn't be much more true at this point. Having said that, let me reveal to you what did work. The writing can be highly convincing and this is most likely the reason why I am taking an effort to opine. I do not really make it a regular habit of doing that. Second, even though I can certainly notice a leaps in reason you come up with, I am definitely not confident of exactly how you seem to unite the details which inturn produce the actual final result. For now I will subscribe to your position however hope in the future you actually link your facts better.
07:16 pm
(total posts: 1)
Oh my goodness, if the Bills drafts Nassib at 8, Bills fans will turn on them and they will have another decade + of no playoffs. Horrifying.
09:57 am
(total posts: 1)
Sam Montgonery is a guy that got by at LSU on pure talent. He has zero, let me repeat that ZERO - work ethic. This guy is free falling because of his lax attitude about preparation, something vital to being a successful professional. The shocking thing about this is that knowing how important that is, he has continued to show no interest in improving that area of his game.
02:23 am
(total posts: 1)
One of my former teachers played football at Azusa Pacific, so I'll definitely be rooting for Luke Marquardt.
12:38 pm
(total posts: 1)
Cornerbacks are rising too fast over the past weeks. This is a frustrating draft.
05:20 am
(total posts: 3)
Kevin- Either way Collins will have to cover. 3-4 OLB's are asked to cover a lot also especially in certain systems. He has the athletic ability to cover and should be good at the next level.
sticky dicky
02:23 pm
(total posts: 2)
jarvis jones plays safety now WTF!!!! not with that 40 he will
05:59 pm
(total posts: 1)
Don't you have to play some semblance of coverage to be a 4-3 OLB? Jamie Collins is a FAR better fit in a 3-4.
01:42 pm
(total posts: 2)
Thanks for that very gay post.
04:00 pm
(total posts: 1)
I would like to express my aporiciatepn to this writer for bailing me out of this condition. As a result of surfing around through the internet and meeting opinions which are not powerful, I was thinking my life was over. Existing without the strategies to the issues you've resolved all through your entire blog post is a serious case, as well as ones that could have negatively affected my career if I had not discovered your web blog. Your own personal understanding and kindness in handling all areas was precious. I don't know what I would've done if I had not come upon such a thing like this. I am able to now look ahead to my future. Thanks a lot so much for this high quality and results-oriented guide. I will not be reluctant to recommend the sites to any individual who would like care about this situation.
12:08 am
(total posts: 1)
If their are any diehard Cowboys fans out there, you should check out this cool package for the 2013 NFL Draft being sold on ebay....plane tickets, hotel stay, being in the war room with Jerry and Jason...alot more things with it too.
Mark C
03:38 pm
(total posts: 1)
Ive had Cooper above Warmack for awhile now. I dont remember the last time a guard pulling gave me goosebumps.
Love SIo Moores tape. Not so much of Jamie Collins. Also think Kyle Long is going to pan out to be a first Rd talent.
Justin Hunter
01:07 pm
(total posts: 1)
Two post-combine stock reports, yet no mention of Justin Hunter at all? The dude put up almost identical numbers to Julio Jones.
Johnathan Banks
10:10 pm
(total posts: 1)
No way his stock is as greatly affected by the combine as say....Sam Montgomery?... Or Mike Glennon?
05:49 pm
(total posts: 1)
Only 2 with a stock down?
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Kentucky Rose
$9.99This cheese is buttery and complex with mild notes of pecan. The earthy savoriness is couples with a hint of citrus in the finish. Added cream gives it a palate coating richness.It has the slight funk that is perfect for people looking to expand their cheese repertoire. Learn More -
$9.99**Festival Feature!** Stylistically this is a semi-firm Italian cow's milk cheese traditionally made in the Aosta Valley & Piedmont regions, and closely related to the French Tomme. The origins of the name "toma" (and its derivation in the french "tomme") are unknown. Some speculate that it comes from the word tomé, which means "fall" in the regional dialect. When curds separate from the whey, they fall to the bottom of the vat, thus giving credence to the name. This particular toma is the work of Bob Giacomini and his family at Point Reyes Farmstead Cheese Co. in Northern California. The milk comes from their own herd of Holstein cows, which graze on organic, pastured hills overlooking Tomales Bay on the Pacific shore. This cheese is at once buttery and grassy with a tangy finish. Learn More


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Nice wrought iron table and chair. Overall excellent condition. Table does come with a leaf to make it an oval shape if you want a larger surface. No chips or any real noticeable defects. Will last forever. easiest way to contact me is text or email. text preferred. thanks for looking john 908-938-3832 more pics... back to original listing
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My husband and I stayed at Villa Sofia Resort and Spa for four days this November and loved every minute. The front desk staff was exceptionally helpful and went out of their way to provide us with recommendations, directions, electrical converters...you name it. The room was huge and had ample space, including a loft off of the main area. In... More
- Also Known As:
- Villa Sofia Resort And Spa
- Villa Sofia Hotel San Carlos De Bariloche
- Villa Sofia Hotel
- Official Description (provided by the hotel):
- Invites you to enjoy a unique experience: exclusive apartments very close to the city center, in harmony with the beauty of nature. The ideal complement to the most emblematic place of Patagonia, where you will admire the marvells of the four colourful seasons. 2 hectares of green space. Fully equipped apartments with hotel service. Swimming-pool, Gym & Spa. City and nature together ... more less
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Theft on 2600 BLOCK OF S MONACO STREET, DENVER, CO |
Theft - 26XX S MONACO STREET, DENVER, CO
Email to a friend Submit a Crime Tip |
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Shot in Aurora, man finishes nationwide bike trip (by Vallejo Times-Herald)
Stephen Barton and Ethan Rodriguez-Torrent started their cross-country bicycle journey in Virginia Beach, Va.
Aurora survivors finish journey (by Journalgazette.net)
Stephen Barton, fresh from speaking at his Syracuse University graduation, was preparing to teach English in Russia on a Fulbright grant.
2 Chainz Arrested Due to Tour Bus Standoff (by WebProNews)
Early Thursday morning, 2 Chainz was one of eleven people to be arrested after not agreeing to exit a tour bus during a traffic stop.
Owners of Landmark condos win partial victory (by Business Journal)
Condominium owners attempting to recoup their investment in Zachary Davidson 's Greenwood Village projects have won an incomplete victory in court, Inside Real Estate News reports .


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- December 3, 2011
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Schlub_Zero writes:
Oh, look at this tattooed millionaire.
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text: Magma is extremely strict in making sure that you are not only following authoring standards, but to ensure that you won't do anything that will cause the 360 to crash. We need to put a FAQ together sometime to explain each error and what you have done wrong and how to fix it. Eventually you'll just know what they all mean though, so keep at it, keep asking questions, we'll keep answering them


text: This place is about 2 km from the beach behind the petrol station. It is well run, owned by a nice german lady. The food is a little more expensive than elsewhere that I tried, but it was really nice. Staff were nice, little extra tasters were free. Clothes shop closeby worth a peek too! Eat here to meet german... More


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Coming Soon – Still Standing
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October 20-2010
CBSNEWS Entertainment has this to say about Winter's Bone!
"Award season is getting off to an early start with the announcement of nominees for the 20th annual Gotham Independent Film Awards.
Leading the race for awards celebrating a U.S.-born or -based indie filmmaker's unique vision is Debra Granik's drama "Winter's Bone..." " Way to go Winter's Bone!!!
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Tag Archives: holidaya
… from that neverland between the holidays –
Swimming through the Holiday simples – Yesterday when I visited my Dr. for my regular check up, between reporting in and scurrying quickly off into the more fun subject of gardening, we briefly touched on language, specifically the Ozarks dialect. … Continue reading
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126 Questions on Photos, Movies & Music
Best Answer
Flash storage is essentially a really big USB memory stick instead of using a standard Hard Drive which stores information on disks inside the drive. here are the Pros/cons to flash:-
Faster to access information from the drive
More realiable as they have a lower failure rate
Even more reliable as if the mac is dropped beyond repair you stand a very good chance of recovering your information without issue as their are no disks inside which are usually shattered/scratched resulting in a loss of information
help to make a unit lighter and more portable due to small size
Small sizes
hope this helps- Answered by Simon F from Darwen
- Oct 9, 2012
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I am a teacher. I want my students to put together a weekly video newscast. What Apple products should I consider?
- Asked by Nichelle R from Hurricane
- Nov 18, 2013
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I want to print a picture from my MacBook Pro how do I do this?
- Asked by Karen B from Winnipeg
- Dec 5, 2013
- Flag as inappropriate
AnswerConnect and Instal the printer you would like to use. Open the picture, it should open up in the "preview" app, click on 'file' in the top left hand corner and look down the list until you see the 'print' button, click it. There you go.
- Answered by Tasman M from Gold Coast
- Dec 5, 2013
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can you monitor real time while recording with the Apogee MiC Digital Microphone?
- Asked by Kane H
- Dec 2, 2013
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- Asked about: Apogee MiC Digital Microphone
Can I buy a DVD/CD drive and hook up to my MacBook Air?
My new MacBook Air does not have a DVD slot and I want to be able to play and download from and to DVDs. How can I do this?
- Asked by Gail B from Sacramento
- Nov 4, 2013
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AnswerYes you can buy the apple usb superdrive!
- Answered by Rachel W
- Nov 18, 2013
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What version is the new Garage Band? I bought macbook pro in 2011. Do I need to upgrade?
- Asked by L'tanya V from Gainesville
- Oct 25, 2013
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Answer6.0.5 is the current version of GarageBand. If you haven't updated it since you bought your computer, you may have an update available, depending on how recent this version is. Go on the Mac App Store and check for updates.
- Answered by Patrick S from Mineville
- Oct 27, 2013
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Which one is better to watch movies? The 15'' or the 13'' mac pro retina?
- Asked by Ricardo L
- Dec 18, 2013
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How do I download shared video?
I would like to download a video on my iphone in my shared stream video that is on the iCloud to my computer. How do I do this?
- Asked by Dai Hue T from Calgary
- Dec 17, 2013
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how many hours of music can I store on my iMac 2.4 GH
I have an iMac with 2.4GH and 4GB (RAM). How many hours of music can I store on this machine? Thanks.
- Asked by Linda J from New York
- Dec 11, 2013
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Which photo software is appropriate for imac
I just want to make photo collages and add or substitute faces in a photo. I do not want a professional photo software.
- Asked by Milan R from Saint Paul
- Dec 10, 2013
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For DJ-ing ! Macbook Pro Retina or Macbook Pro non Retina??
For DJ-ing
Music- Asked by Aggelos A
- Nov 28, 2013
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I want to upgrade Iphoto on Imac Tiger 10.4.11 - if I purchase Snow Leopard upgrade, will this also upgrade Iphoto application?
Imac is 2.4 GHz Intel Core 2 Duo, 1 Go 667 MHz DDR2 SDRAM.
- Asked by Gitte H
- Nov 12, 2013
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- Asked about: Mac OS X 10.6 Snow Leopard
where can i buy iPhoto print products
- Asked by Merritt S from East Lansing
- Nov 23, 2013
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13 inch or 15 inch MBP for Lightroom tethering?
I would mainly use the laptop to tether images while I'm shooting fashion. Plus some Photoshop/Lightroom work and the odd bit of premiere pro and after effects work. Would the 13 inch MBP be up to it or would I need the 15 inch MBP? Cheers
- Asked by Ryan H
- Dec 3, 2013
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where do i buy garage band 11? i do nto see it for sale or download on any of the apple sites
- Asked by Raymond J from Spring
- Oct 25, 2013
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how best to connect imac to macbook pro to move files?
I have a range of docs I want to move from macbook pro to iMac w/o using a HDD. Can it be done?
- Asked by David L
- Aug 25, 2013
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- Asked about: Belkin FireWire 800/400 9-Pin/6-Pin…
Editing GoPro Black video on new Macbook Air
Has anybody tried editing GoPro Black footage on a new Air (i5 or i7) - and what was the outcome?
- Asked by Tim P from Narrabeen
- Nov 9, 2013
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Which MacBook is best for me, MacBook Air or Pro Wotherspoon Retina
I don't know which MacBook to get! I'm torn between the 13'' 256GB MacBook Air and 13''MacbookPro with retina display. Which is best for... Lots of essay typing, Internet surfing, streaming movies, staying on for long hours, maintaining my music (1000+ songs), and I also download a lot of movies so something tht has enough space. Help please. Thanks
- Asked by Priscillah K from Ottawa
- Nov 19, 2013
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text:
Vaccinate Against Flu: It's Not Too Late!
Have you taken the steps to prevent flu this season? If not, it isn't too late. Flu vaccination is the first and most important thing you can do to protect against flu.
Don't let influenza (the flu) catch YOU by surprise this season. Be prepared; get vaccinated today.
After a busy holiday season, you might be reluctant to add one more thing to your to-do list. But it's worth it.
"Getting the flu vaccine is simple, and it's the most important thing you can do to protect yourself and your family from the flu," says Dr. Anne Schuchat, Assistant Surgeon General of the U.S. Public Health Service and Director of CDC's National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases.
If you haven't gotten your flu vaccine yet, there is still time to protect yourself and your family by getting vaccinated. Flu season is just beginning in the United States and the season may not peak until February or March. It's also possible that we could continue to see flu in the United States until May.
Get a Flu Vaccine Every Flu Season
The best way to protect against the flu is to get a flu vaccine every flu season. The flu is a contagious respiratory disease that can lead to serious complications, hospitalization, or even death. Anyone can get the flu, and getting a flu vaccine is the single best way to protect yourself and your family. Even healthy people can get very sick from the flu and spread it to friends and loved ones. Everyone 6 months of age and older is recommended to get vaccinated against the flu every year.
Flu activity is unpredictable but often peaks in January or February. And although there are many different flu viruses, the yearly flu vaccine protects against the three viruses that research suggests will be most common that flu season.
So what are your options? There are 3 different types of flu shots. The regular flu shot is recommended for almost everyone, 6 months of age and older. The high-dose flu shot is available for adults 65 years of age and older, and the intradermal flu shot uses a very small needle, and is available for adults 18-64 years of age. If you are afraid of getting the flu shot, consider FluMist®. It's a nasal spray vaccine and is safe and effective for healthy people, 2 through 49 years of age who are not pregnant.
Important reminder for parents and caregivers: Many children getting vaccinated against the flu for the first time will need 2 doses of flu vaccine to be fully protected. If a child has not received his/her first dose, get them vaccinated now. For those who have been vaccinated with one dose, parents should check with the child's doctor to see if a second dose is needed for full protection.
Who Is at Risk?
Everyone is at risk for getting the flu. For millions of people each year, the flu can bring a fever, cough, sore throat, runny or stuffy nose, muscle aches, fatigue, and miserable days spent in bed. However, you may not realize that the flu also leads to more than 200,000 flu-related hospitalizations per year. The flu also can be deadly. Between 1976 and 2007, CDC estimates that annual flu-associated deaths in the United States ranged from a low of about 3,000 people to a high of about 49,000 people.
Anyone can get the flu, but some people are at greater risk for serious flu-related complications, like pneumonia. For those at greater risk for complications, getting the flu vaccine is especially important. Some of the groups at greater risk include:
- Children younger than 5 years old, but especially children younger than 2 years old
- Pregnant women
- People with certain medical conditions like asthma, diabetes (type 1 and 2), or heart and lung disease
- People 65 years and older
It also is important to get vaccinated if you care for anyone in these high risk groups, including babies younger than 6 months because they are too young to get vaccinated themselves.
Get Vaccinated – It's Not Too Late
You and your family can still benefit from a flu vaccine. Make a commitment to your health and to your family's health by getting your flu vaccine today. Flu vaccines are offered in many doctors' offices, clinics, grocery stores, pharmacies, local health departments, and possibly even your child's school or your workplace. So even if you don't have a regular doctor, you can get a flu vaccine at many other locations. Use the Flu Vaccine Finder to find the nearest location with available flu vaccine.
So don't let the flu catch YOU by surprise this season; be prepared and get vaccinated today if you haven't already–it's not too late!
For more information about the seriousness of the flu and the benefits of the flu vaccine, talk to your family's doctor or visit www.cdc.gov/flu
CDC works 24/7 saving lives and protecting people from health threats to have a more secure nation. A US federal agency, CDC helps make the healthy choice the easy choice by putting science and prevention into action. CDC works to help people live longer, healthier and more productive lives.
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A bereaved man suffers a heart attack. An unemployed graduate is plagued by eczema. A divorced woman develops high blood pressure. Are these situations connected… or mere coincidences?
Of all the influences on our health and well-being, chronic stress is among the most ubiquitous. And because the misery of stress is often experienced as much in the body as the mind – tiredness, headaches, tense muscles and the like – common sense tells us that psychological stress leaves us prone to physical illness.
While most people outside medicine happily accept this view, it has been viewed with a much greater degree of scepticism within the field. And that's partly on account of the difficulty in proving exactly how stress might work, not to mention understanding why some people succumb to it but others do not. There are plenty of ideas and intuitive hunches, but rather less incontestable evidence.
But a recent finding from a team led by Sheldon Cohen at Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh could finally have revealed a link, offering perhaps the best evidence so far of how stress operates at the biological level. What Cohen thinks stress is doing – a surprise, perhaps, to many of us – is undermining the body's capacity to deal with inflammation.
It's not the only possible stress mechanism; nor is it likely to be the whole truth. But the work represents an important step in understanding the mechanism of stress. It not only adds plausibility to claims about its role in promoting ill health, it's a mechanism that fellow researchers find plausible and convincing.
Seeking proof
Cohen has been working on stress for 30 years, and despite a fair amount of epidemiological evidence accumulated during this time, he and other professionals have been cautious about accepting a link without firm evidence about a possible mechanism. In a 2007 review of psychological stress published in the Journal of the American Medical Association, Cohen said: "Despite widespread public belief that psychological stress leads to disease, the biomedical community remains [sceptical] of this conclusion." But speaking now, little more than half a decade later, he takes a rather more positive view. There's been a shift, he says. A plausible mechanism to explain the effects stress will reinforce it.
The issue is how you design an experiment that proves any ill-effects are caused by stress. Up until now, the real hard evidence has had to come from animal studies. "With humans you can bring them to a lab and expose them to stress, and you can get elevations in heart rate and blood pressure," he says. Physiological changes, in other words, that often play a role in disease. But, for ethical reasons what you can't do is give human subjects an illness and see if stress makes it worse.
Well, not quite. An upper respiratory tract infection like a cold is an illness, but it is mild enough to make it ethically acceptable to break the rule, and do human experiments.
Cohen began the research that propelled him to the forefront of this field back in the early 1990s. His approach, originally developed at Britain's (now defunct) Common Cold Research Unit, relied on giving measured doses of cold virus to volunteers and checking to see if they developed symptoms. Before infecting his subjects with the virus Cohen rated their stress levels using standard questionnaires. The higher his subjects' stress scores, he found, the greater the likelihood they would catch a cold.
Further studies showed that the principal enduring and stressful life events that rendered people susceptible to the cold virus were problems with family and friends, overwork, and unemployment. The longer these events lasted, the greater the susceptibility.


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2011 Sorelle Chardonnay
2011 Sorelle Chardonnay, Carneros is the fourth release of our Baldacci Family Vineyards Chardonnay (the first release was only 52 cases!). When chilled, this wine is refreshing and bright; but when it warms just a bit, hints of honeysuckle and vanilla give Sorelle a lingering finish that pairs perfectly with any lighter meal. Flavors of crisp green apple, guava, pineapple, and creamy lemon custard are wrapped in a silky coating of French Oak and bright minerals. Beauty, strength and confidence describe the Baldacci sisters for whom this wine was named ... each of these characteristics is expressed in each sip of the Sorelle Chardonnay.


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Alien vs. Predator: The Last of His Clan
Choose your weapon and brawl with the notorious warriors of the big screen! Commission the Colonial Marine and use your weapons and your wits to destroy the base--and survive. Be an Alien and use your voracious instincts to defend the hive and rescure your Queen. Or play a Predator and use your grisly arsenal to acquire the ultimate trophy...the skull of the Alien Queen.
FAQs, Guides, Cheats, and Secrets
If you're stuck and need help getting through the game, our FAQs and Guides page is sure to help. We have 1 complete FAQ for this game, and 1 total.
We don't have any cheats posted for this game yet.
The Alien vs. Predator: The Last of His Clan message board has 4 topics and 8 messages. GameFAQs Answers currently has 0 open questions and 1 answered question.
And More...
For this game, we also have a page with release details and information, 2 box shots, 21 GameFAQs screenshots. You can track this game and add it to your collection using My Games, and you can find out how to contribute to GameFAQs at Contributor Central.


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Wyoming County soldier shot and killed in Texas
Posted at: 01/08/2013 2:52 AM
Officials at Fort Hood Army Base say a Wyoming County soldier was shot and killed last week in Texas.
Army Specialist Austin Sampson, 25, from Bliss, New York was shot outside a convenience store in Killeen, Texas on January 3rd.
Witnesses told police that a man got out of a car, approached the car Sampson and two other men were in, and shot all three.
Sampson had been stationed in Fort Hood since 2010. He served in Operation Iraqi Freedom and Operation New Dawn.
Police are still investigating the shooting and don't have anyone in custody yet.
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